cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multicast tree computation in networks with multicast incapable nodes

Multicast transmission offers a bandwidth efficient solution for delivering media content to multiple destinations over the Internet. However, in many existing networks, some (if not all) nodes do not support multicast, i.e., they cannot create multiple outgoing flows with one incoming data flow. In this paper, the authors propose an algorithm for multicast tree computation in networks with multicast incapable nodes. Paths that originate at the source and traversing all destinations are computed first; if such paths cannot be found, destinations are partitioned into subsets and traverse paths are computed over each subset, which is executed recursively until feasible trees can be built based on traverse paths found or no further partition is possible. Two procedures for traverse path computation are presented and their respective advantages are discussed, in terms of both complexity and solution optimality. The algorithm is also shown to be very effective in finding multicast trees even if only a few multicast capable nodes exist in the network.
Fate of the Bose insulator in the limit of strong localization and low Cooper-pair density in ultrathin films

A Bose insulator composed of a low density of strongly localized Cooper pairs develops at the two-dimensional superconductor to insulator transition (SIT) in a number of thin film systems. Investigations of ultrathin amorphous PbBi films far from the SIT described here provide evidence that the Bose insulator gives way to a second insulating phase with decreasing film thickness. At a critical film thickness ${d}_{c}$ the magnetoresistance changes sign from positive, as expected for boson transport, to negative, as expected for fermion transport, signs of local Cooper-pair phase coherence effects on transport vanish, and the transport activation energy exhibits a kink. Below ${d}_{c}$ pairing fluctuation effects remain visible in the high-temperature transport while the activation energy continues to rise. These features show that Cooper pairing persists and suggest that the localized unpaired electron states involved in transport are interspersed among regions of strongly localized Cooper pairs in this strongly localized, low Cooper-pair density phase.
In vitro [35S]methionine‐labeled protein synthesis in microdissected discrete brain areas: Marked regional differences revealed by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

A method is presented for the incorporation of [35S]methionine into proteins from freshly microdissected brain tissue samples. Rats were killed by decapitation, the brain was rapidly removed and sectioned without freezing using a vibratome. Hypothalamic nuclei and circumventricular organs of interest were removed by microdissection and incubated in a media containing [35S]methionine for six hours. Proteins within these tissue samples were then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gels were stained with silver, photographed, dried and exposed to autoradiographic film. The results suggest that 1) this technique will prove useful in examining the uptake of radiolabeled amino acids into proteins from discrete nuclei and other brain areas, and 2) there is considerable regional heterogeneity in the uptake of [35S]methionine by proteins from the different brain regions examined in this study.
Temperature stable Hall effect sensors

Magnetic field sensors are needed for high-accuracy position, angle, force, strain, torque, and current flow measurements. Molecular beam epitaxy was used to grow tellurium-doped indium-gallium antimonide thin films. Hall effect sensors made from these films have been studied for their magnetic sensitivity and thermal stability. For a range of alloy composition near In/sub 0.8/Ga/sub 0.2/Sb and n-type doping levels near 2/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, high magnetic sensitivity from -40/spl deg/C to +200/spl deg/C was found with a resolution of better than /spl plusmn/0.5% over the entire temperature range.
Can Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Replace Conventional Diagnostic Mammography Views for Screening Recalls Without Calcifications? A Comparison Study in a Simulated Clinical Setting

OBJECTIVE. This study evaluated digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) as an alternative to conventional diagnostic mammography in the workup of noncalcified findings recalled from screening mammography in a simulated clinical setting that incorporated comparison mammograms and breast ultrasound results. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. One hundred forty-six women, with 158 abnormalities, underwent diagnostic mammography and two-view DBT. Three radiologists viewed the abnormal screening mammograms, comparison mammograms, and DBT images and recorded a DBT BI-RADS category and confidence score for each finding. Readers did not view the diagnostic mammograms. A final DBT BI-RADS category, incorporating ultrasound results in some cases, was determined and compared with the diagnostic mammography BI-RADS category using kappa statistics. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for DBT and diagnostic mammography. RESULTS. Agreement between DBT and diagnostic mammography BI-RADS categories was excellent for readers 1 and 2 ...
Structural comparison of octahedral MoO22+ complexes of bidentate and linear tetradentate N,S-donor ligands

The structures of MoO2[NH2C(CH3)2CH2S]2 and MoO2[SC(CH3)2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2C(CH3)2S] have been determined using X-ray diffraction intensity data collected by counter techniques. MoO2[NH2C(CH3)2CH2S]2 crystallizes in space group Pbca with a = 11.234(3), b = 11.822(3) and c = 20.179(5) A, V = 2680(2) A3 and Z = 8. Its structure is derived from octahedral coordination with cis oxo groups [MoO = 1.705(3) and 1.705(3)], trans thiolate donors cis to the oxo groups [MoS = 2.416(1) and 2.402(1) and N donors trans to oxo [MoN = 2.325(3) and 2.385(4) A]. MoO2[SC(CH3)2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2C(CH3)2S] crystallizes in the space group P21/c with a = 10.798(5), b = 6.911(2), c = 20.333(9) A, β = 95.20°, V = 1511(2) A3 and Z = 4. Its structure is very similar to that of MoO2[NH2C(CH3)2CH2S]2 with MoO = 1.714(2) and 1.710(2), MoS = 2.415(1) and 2.404(1) and MoN = 2.316(3) and 2.362(3). The small differences in the geometries of the two compounds are attributed to the constraints of the extra chelate ring in the complex with the tetradentate ligand. The structures in this paper stand in contrast to those reported for complexes of similar ligands wherein steric hindrance produces complexes with a skew trapezoidal bipyramidal structure.
Geomorphology's role in the study of weathering of cultural stone ☆

Abstract Great monumental places—Petra, Giza, Angkor, Stonehenge, Tikal, Macchu Picchu, Rapa Nui, to name a few—are links to our cultural past. They evoke a sense of wonderment for their aesthetic fascination if not for their seeming permanence over both cultural and physical landscapes. However, as with natural landforms, human constructs are subject to weathering and erosion. Indeed, many of our cultural resources suffer from serious deterioration, some natural, some enhanced by human impact. Groups from the United Nations to local civic and tourism assemblies are deeply interested in maintaining and preserving such cultural resources, from simple rock art to great temples. Geomorphologists trained in interacting systems, process and response to thresholds, rates of change over time, and spatial variation of weathering processes and effects are able to offer insight into how deterioration occurs and what can be done to ameliorate the impact. Review of recent literature and case studies presented here demonstrate methodological and theoretical advances that have resulted from the study of cultural stone weathering. Because the stone was carved at a known date to a “baseline” or zero-datum level, some of the simplest methods (e.g., assessing surface weathering features or measuring surface recession in the field) provide useful data on weathering rates and processes. Such data are difficult or impossible to obtain in “natural” settings. Cultural stone weathering studies demonstrate the importance of biotic and saline weathering agents and the significance of weathering factors such as exposure (microclimate) and human impact. More sophisticated methods confirm these observations, but also reveal discrepancies between field and laboratory studies. This brings up two important caveats for conservators and geomorphologists. For the conservator, are laboratory and natural setting studies really analogous and useful for assessing stone damage? For the geomorphologist, does cultural stone data have any real relevance to the natural environment? These are questions for future research and debate. In any event, cultural stone weathering studies have been productive for both geomorphologists and conservators. Continued collaboration and communication between the geomorphic, historic preservation, archaeological, and engineering research communities are encouraged.
WebPod: persistent Web browsing sessions with pocketable storage devices

We present WebPod, a portable system that enables mobile users to use the same persistent, personalized web browsing session on any Internet-enabled device. No matter what computer is being used, WebPod provides a consistent browsing session, maintaining all of a user's plugins, bookmarks, browser web content, open browser windows, and browser configuration options and preferences. This is achieved by leveraging rapid improvements in capacity, cost, and size of portable storage devices. WebPod provides a virtualization and checkpoint/restart mechanism that decouples the browsing environment from the host, enabling web browsing sessions to be suspended to portable storage, carried around, and resumed from the storage device on another computer. WebPod virtualization also isolates web browsing sessions from the host, protecting the browsing privacy of the user and preventing malicious web content from damaging the host. We have implemented a Linux WebPod prototype and demonstrate its ability to quickly suspend and resume web browsing sessions, enabling a seamless web browsing experience for mobile users as they move among computers.
Genome Engineering With Zinc-Finger Nucleases

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are targetable DNA cleavage reagents that have been adopted as gene-targeting tools. ZFN-induced double-strand breaks are subject to cellular DNA repair processes that lead to both targeted mutagenesis and targeted gene replacement at remarkably high frequencies. This article briefly reviews the history of ZFN development and summarizes applications that have been made to genome editing in many different organisms and situations. Considerable progress has been made in methods for deriving zinc-finger sets for new genomic targets, but approaches to design and selection are still being perfected. An issue that needs more attention is the extent to which available mechanisms of double-strand break repair limit the scope and utility of ZFN-initiated events. The bright prospects for future applications of ZFNs, including human gene therapy, are discussed.
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS OF CHICAGO RIVER AND LOCK

The vessel-carrying capacity of the Chicago River in Illinois is restricted by a lock, which separates the river from Lake Michigan. Vessels passing through the lock experience long delays during the summer months. An investigation and analysis of this system determined that although the system is now generally operating below capacity the peak periods during summer weekends approach capacity, and the situation is likely to deteriorate in the future. In addition, the river and lock have safety and traffic conflict problems that require attention. Recommendations to mitigate these problems are described.
Urban Ecology and Nature’s Services Infrastructure: Policy Implications of the Million Trees Initiative of the City of Los Angeles

Cities across the United States have embarked on major tree planting programs for their purported environmental and social benefits. Trees offer a powerful symbol of nature in the city and to advocates of such programs, an obvious measure to improve environmental quality. Yet the science behind the environmental and social benefits remains meager, and in a time of budget austerity, the costs of planting trees and maintaining them are significant. As these programs have been implemented, they have also encountered unexpected resistance from residents. Los Angeles has embarked on a campaign to plant a million new trees to make the city the greenest in the United States. Using this example as a case study, this chapter examines tree planting through a lens of urban sustainability, discussing the challenges of transitioning from a sanitary city model to one of integrating nature’s services to help reduce urban ecological footprints. Moving from a sanitary city (or modernist city) to a sustainable city involves complex changes in the rights and responsibilities of residents and the governance structure alike.
Beam Lead Tunnel Diode Amplifiers on Microstrip

In terms of the number of components, the tunnel diode amplifier is one of the least complex RF amplifiers available. It has never achieved broad acceptance because of high cost, poor reliability, and problems of instability. The recent success of planar fabrication techniques promises to eliminate these drawbacks. By integrating planar tunnel diodes with printed microwave circuitry, reliable low-cost, high-performance tunnel diode amplifiers should be feasible.
The Quest for Logia Psyche in Business Leadership

This research study examines the ageless human debate of the body versus the soul, testing leadership in the industry of building constructors. Based on Kohlbergian theory of cognitive moral development, the multidisciplinary literature review advances the proposition that moral development proceeds in waves of egoism, leading to altruism that is couched in power—“the apple of the eye.” The results from respondents of the Iowa Architects Institute of America (n = 93) indicated that, despite their higher education and aesthetic interests, the sample of architects ranked low on moral maturity level compared to the average of the Defining Issues Test data bank as a whole. Principled scores were 36.4 for architects and 39.1 for the data bank. This research also compared the moral maturity of intra-industry groups in marketing dyads consisting of architects, contractors, and suppliers using analysis of variance. Again, it was expected that architects with higher education and aesthetic interests would rank highest. Findings of post hoc comparisons revealed no significant difference in moral maturity level between architects and contractors engrossed in the same power paradigm (p = 1.00), yet a significant difference existed between architects and suppliers (p = 0.024). This implication is consistent with the teleological ethical pattern that is prevalent in research studies of salespeople.
A Model of Heterotopic Aortic Valve Replacement for Studying Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Mechanical Valve Prostheses

Objectives New anticoagulants, such as direct thrombin inhibitors, have been evaluated in prevention of thromboembolism associated with atrial fibrillation and may also be useful for thromboprophylaxis of mechanical heart valves. Preclinical studies are necessary prior to human trials, but the best animal model is unknown. We, therefore, compared thrombogenicity in two porcine models of mechanical valve replacement, a standard preparation for mitral valve implantation and a simplified heterotopic model of aortic valve replacement. Methods Thirteen swine underwent either mitral valve replacement (n = 6) or heterotopic aortic valve replacement (n = 7) with bileaflet mechanical valve substitutes. The heterotopic aortic valve replacement consisted of an extra-anatomical, modified valved conduit bypassing the ligated native descending thoracic aorta. At 30 d, the animals were sacrificed and the amount of valve thrombus was measured. Results Infectious vegetations were present on two valve prostheses in animals with orthotopic mitral valves and were excluded. Mean thrombus weight for the remaining valves was 216 ± 270 mg [95% CI −35, 466] for the animals with heterotopic aortic valve replacement and 74 ± 67 mg [95% CI −33, 180] for animals with orthotopic mitral valve replacement (P = 0.5). Conclusion A porcine, heterotopic aortic mechanical valve replacement model appears to incite more thrombus formation than does an orthotopic mitral valve replacement model. This appears to be a more stringent model for initial testing of novel anticoagulation strategies for mechanical heart valve thromboprophylaxis.
SELECTION BIAS: MULTIPLE MEANINGS

The common approach to studies of predictive bias is analyzed within the context of a conceptual model in which predictors and criterion measures are viewed as fallible indicators of idealized qualifications. Selection on the basis of idealized qualifications depends on acceptance of a meritocratic principle, a principle which is itself subject to debate. Even with acceptance of this principle, however, it is shown that there will generally be a wide range of uncertainty as the result of the fallible nature of the indicators. Only when boundary conditions defined by Birnbaum (1979) are exceeded will the results be unambiguous. An example of such a case is presented. It is argued, however, that such instances are probably somewhat rare.
Single-photon absorptions evoke synaptic depression in the retina to extend the operational range of rod vision.

Summary Adaptation or gain control allows sensory neurons to encode diverse stimuli using a limited range of output signals. Rod vision exemplifies a general challenge facing adaptational mechanisms—balancing the benefits of averaging to create a reliable signal for adaptation with the need to adapt rapidly and locally. The synapse between rod bipolar and AII amacrine cells dominates adaptation at low light levels. We find that adaptation occurs independently at each synapse and completes in
Computed tomographic study of the paranasal sinuses in allergic rhinitis.

1. Israili ZH, Hall WD. Cough and angioneurotic edema associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:234-42. 2. Dicpinigaitis PV, Dobkin JB. Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on bronchial responsiveness. J Clin Pharmacol 1996;36:361-4. 3. Acker CG, Greenberg A. Angioedema induced by the angiotensin II blocker losartan [letter]. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1572. 4. Package insert. Cozaar (losartan). West Point (PA): Merck & Co., Inc., April 1995. 5. Timmermans PBMWM, Wong PC, Chiu AT, Herblin WF, Benfield P, Carini D J, et al. Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Rev 1993;45: 205 -51. 6. Entzeroth M, Hadamovsky S. Angiotensin II receptors in the rat lung are of the A II-1 subtype. Eur J Pharmacol 1991;206:237-41. 7. Millar EA, Nally JE, Thomson NC. Angiotensin II potentiates methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in human airway both in vitro and in vivo. Eur Respir J 1995;8:1838-41.
Network structure of Bis-GMA- and UDMA-based resin systems.

Abstract Objectives The commonly used dental base monomers 2,2-bis[p-(2′-hydroxy-3′-methacryloxypropoxy)phenylene]propane (Bis-GMA) and 1,6-bis(methacryloxy-2-ethoxycarbonylamino)-2,4,4-trimethylhexane (UDMA) require the use of a diluent monomer, such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The aim of this study was to measure double bond conversion of UDMA/TEGDMA and Bis-GMA/TEGDMA polymeric systems, determine the leachable portion, and analyze network formation by evaluating crosslinking and pendant double bonds. Methods UDMA or Bis-GMA was combined with TEGDMA in systematic increments and irradiated to form light cured polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the near-infrared region was used to measure double bond conversion. The leachable sol fraction was analyzed by 1H NMR. Resin composites were formulated. Flexural strength was measured by three-point bending and volumetric shrinkage was determined with a mercury dilatometer. Results The amount of base monomer greatly influenced double bond conversion, sol fraction, and crosslinking. Increasing base monomer concentration decreased double bond conversion, increased the leachable fraction, and decreased crosslinking and network formation. At mole fractions higher than 0.125, the UDMA polymers had significantly higher conversion than the Bis-GMA polymers. Bis-GMA polymers had higher leachable amounts of unreacted monomer, while UDMA mixtures had more crosslinking than the Bis-GMA mixtures. In regards to the physical properties of resin composites, increasing the base monomer improved flexural strength and decreased volumetric shrinkage. Significance This systematic study for the evaluation of conversion, leachability, crosslinking, and network structure along with physical properties, like volumetric shrinkage and flexural strength, are required for the optimization of competing desirable properties for the development of durable materials.
The Influence of DMO Advertising on Specific Destination Visitation Behaviors

Using data provided by travelers to a small college town from Midwestern U.S., this research examines the influence of destination-branded, print, and online advertising media on travelers’ visitation of advertised attractions, restaurants, shops, and outdoor activities. The strongest predictors of specific visitation behaviors are DMO-branded media (guidebooks and websites) and print media. This research has three notable contributions: (1) provides a solid theoretical base for understanding what happens beyond the main visitation decision, (2) provides insight into cross-media advertising in tourism, and (3) links pre-visit advertising to actual visitation behavior, instead of intentions to perform a behavior.
Learning New Ways to Do Good

Bonanno, Brewin, Kaniasty, and LaGreca (2010, this issue) provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of research on risk and resilience following disaster, including the authors’ own ground-breaking work in this area. This review seems particularly timely given the apparent excess of natural and human-made disasters in the news in recent years. Images of hurricane victims in New Orleans, tsunami victims in Southeast Asia, earthquake victims in Haiti, and flood victims in Pakistan, as well as those who lost their livelihoods due to the Deep Horizon oil spill in the Gulf Coast, haunt us, moving us to want to do something. Bonanno et al. caution that some well-motivated attempts to prevent psychological harm in disaster victims may backfire, undermining the natural coping and healing processes that characterize the majority of victims. The authors persuasively demonstrate that the strong majority of victims are resilient, showing little evidence of long-term psychological harm. Still, there is a minority of individuals who suffer long-term distress—manifested in many ways in addition to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—who could benefit from empirically informed interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. Sadly, few of these individuals will have access to such interventions, particularly when their whole community has been ravaged by a disaster. The aspect of the review by Bonanno et al. that is probably most novel to many psychologists is their discussion of the impact of disasters on families and communities. We are accustomed to thinking about both risk factors and interventions at the level of the individual. The authors make clear, however, that some of the most potent risk factors for postdisaster psychological distress may be at the family and community level, such as decreased instrumental and emotional support. Further, some of the most potent (and safe) interventions may be to restore community and family resources and cohesion as soon as possible after the disaster. This suggests that psychologists should work with sociologists, political scientists, and economists, among other professionals, to study communityand family-level factors that most strongly impact individuals’ well-being after a disaster and to design new interventions to restore factors promoting resilience.
Polymorphism modulates symptomatic response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation.

Background The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion allele, ACE D , is associated with increased ACE activity and adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease. Although activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) now appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF), it remains to be determined if ACE genotype impacts response to conventional AAD therapy in patients with AF. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether response to antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy in patients with AF is modulated by the ACE I/D polymorphism. Methods We studied 213 patients (147 men, 66 women; ages 52 ± 15 years) prospectively enrolled in the Vanderbilt AF Registry. AAD therapy outcome was defined prospectively as response if there was a ≥75% reduction in symptomatic AF burden or nonresponse if AF burden was unchanged, necessitating a change in drugs or therapy. Results Lone AF (age DD , ID , and II genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Lone AF and DD/ID genotypes were highly significant predictors of failure of drug therapy ( P II , ID , and DD genotypes, respectively, ( P II vs. ID/ DD). Conclusions These results provide further evidence for a role of RAAS activation in the pathophysiology of AF and point to a potential role for stratification of therapeutic approaches by ACE genotype.
Strategic Aspects Of The Importance Of Employee Management

According to the Herman Trend Alert, at least 30% of the nation’s workforce is unsatisfied with their current employment (Duecy, 2004; Grossman, 1999). Employee management is based on ideas and procedures developed to increase worker motivation, productivity and performance. Successful employee management can contribute to not only increased product output but also product quality. Companies rely on skilled managers to hire competent workers who will work productively and make profits for the company. People have always been central to organizations, but today their strategic importance is growing in the knowledge-based business world like never before. An organization’s success is becoming increasingly dependant on the knowledge, skills, and abilities of its employees. Without these assets companies would surely fail. How a business is managed and how they take care of their employees and customers, helps set the core competencies, which set an organization aside from its competitors. It is important to align the company’s strengths and internal capabilities to that of the external market. Companies are always looking for more efficient ways to produce goods and services. When new technological advancements give a company a competitive advantage, their competitors can easily catch up by implementing and improving on the new technology. To be successful in today’s market, companies need an extremely capable, flexible and dedicated workforce, a flexible and innovative management, and the capability to hold on to developed talent. To accomplish these objectives, the company needs a talented HR department. In addition to hiring the right people to carry out specific jobs, HR managers have to build up dedication and allegiance among the workforce by keeping them up to date about company plans, as well as laying out the implications for job security and working conditions. EMPLOYEES’ SKILL AND TRAINING
Study of Long-Term Compound Stability in Dual Sorbent Tubes

The primary means to assess spacecraft air quality during a mission, for crew health purposes, has been archival air samplers that are returned to the ground for analysis. One such sampler is the Dual Sorbent Tube (DST) developed in late 2003 by the Toxicology group at the Johnson Space Center. The DSTs provided a low mass, low-volume sampler that was compatible with the constraints of the Soyuz return vehicle. The first set of DSTs, including positive control tubes, flew to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Soyuz in January 2004 and they were returned in May 2004. The analytical recovery of compounds from the positive controls provides an indication of the stability of contaminants in the sampler. Analysis of the first returned set of positive controls revealed poor recoveries for several of the compounds. The low recoveries from the positive controls led to a study of compound stability on DSTs for long storage periods. This paper will provide the results of this study for a few key compounds.
Community Organization and the Grass Roots

■ This paper describes the route by which community organization has come to Its present interest in organizing among the "grass roots" population and attempts to support the rationale, viability, and future of such organizational efforts in light of the fact that almost all welfare services are currently provided by government It is because social welfare is moving to the point at which it serves a total community of citizen-clients, the author states, that community organization should concern itself with organizing the grass-roots population to participate in welfare planning. Such activity calls for new techniques, which are spelled out. ■
Outcome of direct current cardioversion for atrial arrhythmia in adult Fontan patients

Abstract Background Limited data are available about direct current cardioversion (DCCV) in Fontan patients. Methods Retrospective review of adult Fontan patients that underwent DCCV for atrial arrhythmias at Mayo Clinic, 1994–2014. Study endpoints were to determine procedural success, safety, and the freedom from arrhythmia recurrence after DCCV. Procedural success was defined as termination of the presenting atrial arrhythmia prior to leaving the cardioversion suite. Results 86 patients underwent 152 DCCV; age 27±8years; male 49 (57%); atriopulmonary Fontan, 64 (74%); atrial flutter/interatrial reentry tachycardia 125 (82%). Freedom from recurrence was 84% and 47% at 12 and 36months; freedom from repeat DCCV was 91% and 64% at 12 and 36months. Procedural failure occurred in 41 (27%); predictors of procedural failure were older age (HR 1.91, CI 1.16–2.73 per decade) and prior DCCV (HR 2.71, CI 1.22–3.21). Concomitant oral class I or III antiarrhythmic medication was associated with an increased likelihood of success (HR 0.64, CI 0.41–0.87). Predictors of recurrence were older age (HR 3.26, CI 1.19–6.55 per decade); duration of arrhythmia (HR 1.87, CI 1.14–2.56 per decade); and presence of atriopulmonary Fontan (HR 1.54, CI 1.27–1.85). Procedural complications were symptomatic bradycardia in 2 cases (1%). No thromboembolic complications or deaths occurred. Conclusion DCCV in Fontan patients is safe but is associated with significant procedural failure and recurrence rates. Ideally, antiarrhythmic medication should be instituted prior to DCCV in stable patients and DCCV alone should be considered as a temporizing measure to maintain sinus rhythm.
Aqueous Mesocosm Techniques Enabling the Real-Time Measurement of the Chemical and Isotopic Kinetics of Dissolved Methane and Carbon Dioxide.

Previous studies of microbially mediated methane oxidation in oceanic environments have examined the many different factors that control the rates of oxidation. However, there is debate on what factor(s) are limiting in these types of environments. These factors include the availability of methane, O2, trace metals, nutrients, the density of cell population, and the influence that CO2 production may have on pH. To look at this process in its entirety, we developed an automated mesocosm incubation system with a Dissolved Gas Analysis System (DGAS) coupled to a myriad of analytical tools to monitor chemical changes during methane oxidation. Here, we present new high temporal resolution techniques for investigating dissolved methane and carbon dioxide concentrations and stable isotopic dynamics during aqueous mesocosm and pure culture incubations. These techniques enable us to analyze the gases dissolved in solution and are nondestructive to both the liquid media and the analyzed gases enabling the investiga...
Childhood Continuing Disability Reviews and Age-18 Redeterminations for Supplemental Security Income Recipients: Outcomes and Subsequent Program Participation

This note presents statistics on child Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients whose eligibility had ceased because of a finding of medical improvement in a childhood continuing disability review (CDR) or an age-18 redetermination. We present the numbers and percentage distributions of children and youths who received a CDR or age-18 redetermination between 1998 and 2008, the resulting cessation rates, and the estimated percentages that returned to Social Security Administration (SSA)’s disability programs, all by selected personal and programmatic characteristics. These statistics provide context for policy proposals calling on SSA to conduct more childhood CDRs.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity.

Purpose of the Review The review highlights recent findings regarding the functions of mitochondria in adipocytes, providing an understanding of their central roles in regulating substrate metabolism, energy expenditure, disposal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance, as well as roles in the mechanisms that affect adipogenesis and mature adipocyte function.
Measurement of the Hyperfine Structure of 2 P 1 2 2 State in Hydrogen

The separated-oscillatory-field technique of subnatural-linewidth rf spectroscopy has been used to completely resolve the hyperfine structure of the $2^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state of hydrogen. The three-component $2^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}2^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ resonance observed in zero magnetic field was fitted by a superposition of numerically obtained line profiles to determine the hyperfine spliting of the $2^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state. The result is 59.22(14) MHz.
Feasibility Study on Purchasing Multi-slice Helical Computed Tomography Scanner System for Pediatric Hospital

In order to select a computed tomography(CT)scanner system with reasonable cost performance (performance-price ratio) among various brands and types of CT products in accordance with the clinical features of the pediatric patients, Tianjin Children's Hospital made a feasibility study on purchasing the equipment in all its aspects, including the evaluation of its type and performance, social and economic benefits, and eventually purchased a 16-slice helical CT scanner which fully fulfills the practical needs of the hospital. This way of evaluation can be widely used in the feasibility study for purchasing different large-scale medical equipment to avoid unnecessary waste of funds.
Mechanical and spring-back analysis for the stretch-bending process of extruded profile

Springback is a common phenomenon in bending process, which is caused by the redistribution of the internal stresses during unloading. In sheet metal forming, the springback can affect the precision of the formed part directly. For the sheet metal forming process of rotary stretch bending, analytical method is used to analyze the stress and strain distributions of extruded profile, and the spring-back of work pieces under these two conditions of pre-stretching force unloading and no-unloading. Through above analysis, two spring-back percent curves of radii have been presented, and the theoretical predicted values of spring-back with the pre-stretching force no-unloading are in better agreements with experimental ones.
GUIEvaluator: A Metric-tool for Evaluating the Complexity of Graphical User Interfaces.

User interface design metrics assist developers to evaluate interface designs in early phase before delivering the software to end users. This paper presents a metric-based tool called GUIEvaluator for evaluating the complexity of the user interface based on its structure. We defined a metrics model that includes five modified structural measures of interface complexity: Alignment, grouping, size, density, and balance. The results of our tool are discussed in comparison with the subjective evaluations of interface layouts. This paper demonstrates the potential benefits of incorporating automated complexity metrics into the user interface design process. Our findings show that the means of the interface complexity values for both the subjective evaluation and the GUIEvaluator are equal at a significance level 0.01. Keywords-User Interface Design, GUI, Complexity Metrics, Screen Aesthetics, Usability, Automated Tools.
Role of Lymphadenectomy in Carcinoma of the Penis

Approximately 20 per cent of patients with invasive carcinoma of the penis who present without lymphadenopathy have occult lymph node metastases, and many of those treated by excision of the primary tumor alone ultimately die of cancer despite attempts at careful follow-up. Therefore, bilateral ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy, using modern techniques to reduce morbidity, is recommended as the preferred management for medically fit patients with clinically negative nodes, as well as for those with clinically positive nodes. In patients with clinically negative nodes who decline lymphadenectomy, sentinel node biopsy is also a legitimate option, although false-negative results may be obtained. Sentinel node biopsy should not be used to determine whether lymphadenectomy is indicated in patients with clinically positive nodes.
Culture, Emotion, and Motivation

This chapter describes a theory of how emotions serve as one important source of motivation by priming individuals to behave in certain ways. Culture, as a meaning and information system, influences emotion–behavior linkages. The function of culture is to prevent social chaos, maintain social order, and ensure group efficiency, given the ecological environment and the resources available in it to survive. It does this by identifying social roles, normative behaviors, expectations, value and belief systems related to interpersonal relationships and the environment, and with regard to emotion itself. It also creates a belief system involving worldviews and self-construals to help to reinforce, maintain, and achieve this purpose. When emotions are elicited, culture calibrates the primed individual to the behavioral repertoires available and necessary in that culture as identified by the social roles, norms, and expectations in order to serve as motivators for desired behaviors. Behaviors are viewed as occurring in specific situational contexts as role performances, and individuals as actors playing roles defined by culture. The functions of culture as a meaning and information system are to prevent social chaos, maintain social order, and ensure group efficiency, given the ecological environment and the resources available in it to survive. When emotions are elicited, culture calibrates the primed individual to the behavioral repertoires available and necessary in that culture as identified by the social roles, norms, and expectations in order to serve as motivators for desired behaviors. Culture also calibrates the behaviors of the perceivers of emotion, thereby ensuring the regulation of social interaction.
‘Krapp’s Last Tape’

Samuel Beckett was intrigued with the sound of Patrick Magee’s voice when he met the actor who played Mr Slocum in the BBC production of All that Fall. Deirdre Bair reports that Beckett told Magee that his voice was the one he heard as he wrote. Beckett decided to write a play for the Irish actor; the original notebook manuscript of Krapp’s Last Tape is titled ‘Magee Monologue’. Following his usual routine, the playwright then produced a series of typescripts working toward the final text of the play as published.1 This new work opened the bill in the production of Endgame at the Royal Court in October 1958, with Magee playing the role written for him.
Establishing Learning Outcomes Under ABA Standard 302: Cultural Competence

ABA Standard 302 comments identify "cultural competency" as one of the "other professional skills needed for competent and ethical participation as a member of the legal profession." Legal writing courses provide an ideal setting for raising awareness of the importance of sensitivity to diverse cultural mores. One way is by creating an assignment that demonstrates how viewing determinative facts from a strictly Western lens might lead to an unfair outcome. This article provides an example of an assignment that established, implemented and assessed cultural competency as a learning outcome, without sacrificing substantive coverage.
“Review of systems" Questionnaire as a Predictive Tool for Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures. (S14.005)

OBJECTIVE: Determine if a routine review of system (ROS) questionnaire may serve as a predictive tool for psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. BACKGROUND: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) represent a subset of pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. PNES is often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures (ES) leading to unnecessary and potentially harmful treatment. Certain characteristics have been described that increase the likelihood for PNES including ictal stuttering and the “teddy bear sign”, which are specific, but not sensitive, markers. We observed that patients clinically suspected to have PNES tend to report more somatic complaints in our ROS. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective analysis of standardized ROS questionnaire completed by patients with definite PNES and ES diagnosis. A multivariate analysis of covariance was used to determine whether PNES and ES groups differed. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the predictive error of a logistic regression classifier for PNES status based on percentage of positive complaints. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were included. PNES and ES groups were similar with respect to gender, age at evaluation, psychiatric history, and history of abuse. Compared to the ES group, the PNES group had a significantly later age of epilepsy onset. From MANCOVA, PNES patients were found to have a larger percentage of positive complaints on ROS than epilepsy patients (F=20.78, p<0.0001). With a cutoff of 17[percnt] of the ROS items reported as positive, there is 78.3[percnt] specificity and 85.7[percnt] sensitivity of the diagnosis being PNES, with higher specificity of diagnosis at higher cutoffs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that multiple somatic complaints in a standard review of system questionnaire exhibits great sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PNES, and may be a useful aid in developing a pretest probability for its diagnosis during evaluation of seizures. A prospective study is underway to validate our current findings. Study Supported by: No support. Disclosure: Dr. Robles has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chiang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rutherford has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haneef has nothing to disclose.
CHAPTER 12 – THE USE OF 99Tc AND 99mTc IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW RADIOTRACERS FOR DIAGNOSTIC NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Abstract The Tc complexes of bidentate aminoethanethiol and tetradentate bisaminoethanethiol ligands were studied. The complementary use of 99mTc and 99Tc in the determination of charge, stoichiometry, lipid solubility, and structure of their aminothiol ligand complexes was demonstrated. The tetradentate ligands form complexes with 99mTc which have desirable properties for incorporation into compounds for radiotracer development.
Human factors engineering and ageing

For Human Factors Engineering to be successful in the field of aging it must find ways to cope with heterogeneity in older populations and the environments that they inhabit, broaden its methodology, and carefully consider cost-benefit issues. The author argues that interactions between age and task condition are the touchstones for deriving a unique human factors of aging. Partitioning older adults into those in the workforce, the newly retired, and the frail very old adult can help minimize heterogeneity. National surveys and field studies are underutilized techniques for gathering data about older users. The author reviews some of the age trends that affect performance within such age bands, overview methodologies for gathering data, and present examples from his lab concerning age by condition interactions in print legibility and human-computer interaction.
The Menin Tumor Suppressor Protein Is an Essential Oncogenic Cofactor for MLL-Associated Leukemogenesis.

The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) protein is a histone methyltransferase that is mutated in clinically and biologically distinctive subsets of acute leukemia. MLL normally associates with a cohort of highly conserved cofactors to form a macromolecular complex that includes menin, a product of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, which is mutated in heritable and sporadic endocrine tumors. We demonstrate here that oncogenic MLL fusion proteins retain an ability to stably associate with menin through a high-affinity, amino-terminal, conserved binding motif and that this interaction is required for the initiation of MLL-mediated leukemogenesis. Furthermore, menin is essential for maintenance of MLL-associated but not other oncogene induced myeloid transformation. Acute genetic ablation of menin reverses aberrant Hox gene expression mediated by MLL-menin promoter-associated complexes, and specifically abrogates the differentiation arrest and oncogenic properties of MLL-transformed leukemic blasts. These results demonstrate that a human oncoprotein is critically dependent on direct physical interaction with a tumor suppressor protein for its oncogenic activity, validate a potential target for molecular therapy, and suggest central roles for menin in altered epigenetic functions underlying the pathogenesis of hematopoietic cancers.
Constructs of burden of illness in older patients with breast cancer: a comparison of measurement methods.

Abstract OBJECTIVE. The burden of illness can influence treatment decisions, but there are limited data comparing the performance of different illness burden measures. We assessed the correlations between five previously validated measures of illness burden and global health and physical function and evaluated how each measure correlates with breast cancer treatment patterns in older women. DATA SOURCE: A cohort of 718 women > 67 years with early-stage breast cancer formed the study group. STUDY DESIGN/DATA COLLECTION METHODS: The study made a cross-sectional comparison of illness burden measures (Charlson index, Index of Co-existent Diseases, cardiopulmonary burden of illness, patient-specific life expectancy, and disease counts) and physical function and self-rated global health status. Data were collected from records and patient interviews. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: All of the measures were significantly correlated with each other and with physical function and self-rated health (p < .001). After controlling for age and stage, life expectancy had the largest effect on surgical treatment, followed by self-rated physical function and health; life expectancy was also independent of physical function. For instance, women with higher life expectancy and better self-rated physical function and health were more likely to receive breast conservation and radiation than sicker women. Women with higher physical functioning were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy than women with lower functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Several measures of illness burden were associated with breast cancer therapy, but each measure accounted for only a small amount of variance in treatment patterns. Future work is needed to develop and validate measures of burden of illness that are feasible, comprehensive, and relevant for diverse clinical and health services objectives.