cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orotate, citrate, and urea excretion in rats fed various levels of arginine.

SummaryThirty Sprague-Dawley male rats (50 g) were conditioned to an agar gel L-amino acid diet containing 1.12% arginine (Arg) before random assignment to diets containing different concentrations of Arg (1.12, 0.84, 0.56, 0.28 or 0%). Feed intake or N balance were depressed only with 0% Arg. Day 13 urinary excretions of citrate were 446, 1002, 2175, 3056 and 3655 μg for 1.12, 0.84, 0.56, 0.28 and 0.0% Arg, respectively. With Arg concentrations of 0.56% or lower urinary orotate was dramatically increased throughout the 13 day experiment. Urea excretion was greater than control with 0.56, 0.28 or 0% Arg. Within 48 hr on the 0.84% Arg diet, urea, ammonia and orotate excretion returned to control values but citrate remained above control. NH4CI (3 mmoles) caused a doubling in ammonia excretion in all rats regardless of diet when compared to NaCl. Similarly, orotate excretion increased in all ammonia treated rats. Urea excretion was increased after NH4CI for rats fed 0.56, 0,84 or 1.12% Arg. We conclude that...
Pressure Losses for Laminar Flow in the Entrance Region of Ducts of Rectangular and Equilateral Triangular Cross Section

The velocity profiles upon which the pressure-loss calculations are based, are recomputed using the previously described method of reference (1960). The pressure drop is then computed using the energy integral equation; both rectangular and equilateral triangular ducts are considered. It is demonstrated that, using this equation, the pressure-drop parameter can be improved.
The Feasibility of Obtaining Finite Source Sizes from MACHO-Type Microlensing Light Curves

Recent discussion of the effects of finite source size on high-magnification microlensing events due to MACHOs motivates a study of the feasibility of observing such effects and extracting the source radius. Simulated observations are generated by adding Gaussian error to points sampled on theoretical microlensing light curves for a limb-darkened, extended source. These simulated data sets are fitted in an attempt to see how well the fits extract the radius of the source. The source size can be fitted with reasonable accuracy only if the impact parameter of the event, p, is less than the stellar radius, R*. It is possible to distinguish "crossing" events, ones where p < R*, from "noncrossing" events if the light curve is well sampled around the peak and photometric error is small—i.e., ≥3 observations while the lens transits the disk of the source, and σphot < 0.08 mag. These requirements are just within the reach of current observational programs; the use of an early-warning system and multiple observing sites should increase the likelihood that R* can be fitted. The programs used to simulate and fit data can be obtained via anonymous ftp.
A new method of measuring heparin levels in whole blood by protamine titration using a heparin-responsive electrochemical sensor.

Abstract Objective: To determine the ability of a new electrochemical sensor to determine heparin levels in whole blood and to correlate the heparin levels as determined by this heparin-responsive sensor (HRS) with heparin levels as determined by the Hepcon assay system (Medtronic Hemotec, Parker, CO). Design: Methods comparison study. Setting: A large academic medical center. Interventions: The heparin levels of 162 samples from 24 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were determined by the HRS system and by the Hepcon system. In 21 samples, heparin levels as measured by anti-Xa activity were determined as well. Measurements and Main Results: HRS-determined values correlated highly with Hepcon-determined values (r = 0.942) and with anti-Xa determined values (r = 0.905). Bias ± precision comparing the HRS and Hepcon methods was 0.211 ± 0.478 U/mL. Conclusions: HRS determined that whole blood heparin levels correlate well with Hepcon-determined levels. These limited results indicate that further development and testing of this new technology are warranted.
Vanishing intraluminal diverticulum of the esophagus

This article describes 3 patients in whom the esophagograms showed intraluminal collections of barium surrounded by a fine radiolucent line. The observed radiographic finding closely resembled that of an intraluminal esophageal diverticulum, but actually represented a transient artifactual phenomenon.
Possible Proarrhythmic Effects of Tocainide in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A patient with a dilated cardiomyopaphy experienced a cardiac arrest when taking tocainide for asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. After successful resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation and exclusion of a myocardial infarction, an electrophysiological evaluation was performed. Drug-free study #1 revealed no induction of ventricular tachycardia. A tocainide study revealed induction of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Drug-free study #2 revealed induction of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. This report illustrates a possible proarrhythmic effect of tocainide.
Prolonged Exposure Therapy Following Awareness under Anesthesia: A Case Study.

Abstract Awareness during surgery is estimated to effect between 40,000 to 140,000 patients per year in the United States, and there is a growing literature suggesting that this event can lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current article describes treatment implemented from a manualized protocol of a woman diagnosed with PTSD following awareness during a routine surgery. Prolonged exposure therapy was delivered to the client over 12 sessions. Treatment consisted of psychoeducation, imaginal exposure, in-vivo exposure, breathing retraining, progressive muscle relaxation, and homework assignments. At treatment completion and at follow-up 10 weeks after completion of therapy, the client no longer met criteria for PTSD. Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD is an effective treatment that alleviates symptoms of PTSD from awareness during surgery.
EEG spectral analysis and time domain descriptors in headache.

SYNOPSIS We compared computerized EEG spectral measures in patients with common migraine, tension headache, complicated migraine, and normal controls. One minute summaries of 4 sec EEG epochs were recorded fromOz-A1 + A2. Modal alpha frequency (MAF), the predominant frequency in the 8–13 Hz band, maximal alpha frequency (Mx AF), the fastest frequency in that band, and spectral edge frequency (SEF), the predominant frequency in the 13–30 Hz band, were calculated. EEG was also recorded from F3, F4, P3, P4, 01, and 02 with ear reference. Spectral mobility and first order complexity were compared in controls, migraineurs, and tension headache patients. Migraine and tension headache patients did not differ significantly, and were not different from control subjects in MAF and SEF. Complicated migraine patients had significantly lower MxAF than controls or common migraine patients (P<0.01). Patients with mixed element tension vascular headaches did not differ from controls in mobility or complexity at frontal, parietal or occipital sites. Mobility was significantly less at parietal and occipital sites in migraine patients (P<0.05). Complexity was less at both occipital electrodes(P<0.05) in the migraine group. Migraine patients had significantly lower occipital mobility and complexity scores than those with mixed element headaches (P<0.05).The findings suggest that computerized EEG analysis may help to categorize headache patients, and this may be therapeutically helpful. The time domain descriptors may be more sensitive to EEG differences than frequency or power measures. These observations suggest that migraine and mixed element headaches with amigrainous component may differ significantly in pathogenesis, and that central nervous system dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of complicated migraine syndromes.
ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CORRELATIONS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN THE La2CuO4 CLASS OF OXIDES

Abstract We report a study of the magnetic susceptibility, Hall effect, resistivity and specific heat of pure and Sr-doped La 2 CuO 4 . Undoped La 2 CuO 4 exhibits antiferromagnetic order and traces of superconductivity, sensitivity dependent on stoichiometry. The data provide evidence for strong electron-electron correlations in the Sr-doped superconductors, and a scaling of T c with the electron deficiency, supporting an all-electronic model for the oxide superconductivity.
IVT CCK-8 is more effective than IV CCK-8 at decreasing meal size in the baboon.

Abstract In this study, we compared the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) vs. intraventricular (IVT) cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) to decrease single meal size over a dose range of 0.1 to 4.0 μ-g/kg in a population of overnight fasted baboons. IV CCK did not decrease meal size significantly at doses of 0.5, 1, and 4 μg/kg (84 ± 22%, 78 ± 12%, and 89 ± 33% of paired control meal sizes respectively). IVT CCK significantly decreased single meal size at all doses tested (40 ± 18%, 26 ± 10%, 37 ± 15%, 26 ± 12%, and 12 ± 6% of paired control meal sizes at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 μg/kg respectively). Meal suppression with IVT CCK was significantly greater than that achieved with IV CCK at doses of 1 and 2 μg/kg. We conclude that in the baboon, CCK may have a direct effect at the central nervous system to suppress single meal size.
A sequel to AUSM, Part II: AUSM+-up for all speeds

In this paper, we present ideas and procedure to extend the AUSM-family schemes to solve flows at all speed regimes. To achieve this, we first focus on the theoretical development for the low Mach number limit. Specifically, we employ asymptotic analysis to formally derive proper scalings for the numerical fluxes in the limit of small Mach number. The resulting new scheme is shown to be simple and remarkably improved from previous schemes in robustness and accuracy. The convergence rate is shown to be independent of Mach number in the low Mach number regime up to M"~=0.5, and it is also essentially constant in the transonic and supersonic regimes. Contrary to previous findings, the solution remains stable, even if no local preconditioning matrix is included in the time derivative term, albeit a different convergence history may occur. Moreover, the new scheme is demonstrated to be accurate against analytical and experimental results. In summary, the new scheme, named AUSM^+-up, improves over previous versions and eradicates fails found therein.
Reflective teaching for student teachers

(1989). Reflective teaching for student teachers. The Teacher Educator: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 13-20.
Determination of the πNN vertex function from np and pp charge exchange scattering

Abstract The π NN vertex function is studied using data for the reactions np → pn and p p → n n in the interval 0 t ⪅0.3(GeV/ c ) 2 at P L = 5, 8 and 25 GeV/ c . In this analysis the impact of the reggeized form for one-pion exchange with the residue function associated with the π NN vertex function is shown. For a monopole form for the vertex function the resulting mass parameter is Λ ≈ 890 MeV and for a Veneziano-type vertex function the asymptotic rate parameter is β ≈ 3. These results are consistent with information about the vertex function obtained from other reactions and theoretical studies.
Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin (DCLHbTM): Characterization of the Process and the Product Manufactured Under GMP Requirements for Clinical Studies

Initiation of Clinical Trials in 1992 necessitated product manufacture under FDA Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) requirements. To this end, all product components used were characterized to meet established requirements and processes and analytical methods were validated to confirm and document their utility and reproductibility. Manufacture of multiple 50+ liter lots of 10%g DCLHb under GMP requirements resulted in a pure and homogeneous product which reproducibly met a rigorous and complete set of product specifications. Final release testing of five consecutive GMP lots showed hemoglobin concentrations of 10.2 +/- 0.2g%, pH of 7.33 +/- 0.02 (37 degrees C), methemoglobin concentrations of 3.2 +/- 0.6%, degree of crosslinking of 99.8 +/- 0.1% and a P50 of 32.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg (37 degrees C). The mean overall yield for production of these five lots was 55 +/- 2%. Products were all endotoxin free as indicated by rabbit, cytokine and LAL testing (< 0.06 EU/mL); a critical characteristic for a molecule which may bind endotoxin. All lots were sterile as indicated by compendial testing.
Anisotropic elasticity of experimental colloidal Wigner crystals.

Colloidal particles interacting via a long-range repulsion can, in contrast to hard-sphere systems, exhibit crystalline ordering at low volume fraction. Here we experimentally investigate the structure and properties of such ``colloidal Wigner crystals.'' We find a body-centered-cubic crystalline phase at volume fractions of $\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}15%$, which exhibits large fluctuations of individual particles from their average positions. We determine the three independent crystalline elastic constants and find that these crystals are very compliant and highly anisotropic.
Pharmacologic Induction of CD8+ T Cell Memory: Better Living Through Chemistry

The generation of a robust population of memory T cells is critical for effective vaccine and cell-based therapies to prevent and treat infectious diseases and cancer. A series of recent papers have established a new, cell-intrinsic approach in which small molecules target key metabolic and developmental pathways to enhance the formation and maintenance of highly functional CD8(+) memory T cells. These findings raise the exciting new possibility of using small molecules, many of which are already approved for human use, for the pharmacologic induction of immunologic memory.
Masculinized Finger-Length Ratios of Boys, but Not Girls, Are Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Gonadal hormones may exert permanent organizational effects on sexually dimorphic finger-length ratios and sexually dimorphic behavior expressed in childhood attention deficit– hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study extended recent work examining associations between finger-length ratios (specifically, 2D:4D) and ADHD in a well-characterized, clinically diagnosed, community-recruited sample of boys and girls. A multistage, diagnostic procedure was utilized to identify 113 children with ADHD and 137 non-ADHD comparison children. Right-hand digit ratios showed significant mean differences by gender, as well as associations with ADHD diagnosis. Boys with ADHD had more masculinized digit ratios than control-group boys. More masculine right 2D:4D and 3D:4D ratios were correlated with parent- and teacher-rated inattentive and hyperactive–impulsive symptoms in boys but not in girls. Masculinized finger-length ratios were associated with hyperactive–impulsive and oppositional–defiant symptoms, but associations were largest with symptoms of inattention. It is concluded that prenatal, organizational effects of gonadal hormones may play a role in the development of ADHD and contribute to explaining sex differences in the prevalence rates of this childhood disorder.
Evidence for a high-latitude origin of lower latitude high-speed wind

Using low-frequency spectra of the wind speed, density, and magnetic field strength, we show that the near-streamer belt solar wind at solar minimum exhibits many harmonics of fundamental frequencies corresponding to 26- and 34-day periods. Nearly all the low-frequency peaks in the spectra can be explained by these harmonics. The 26-day period is that of coronal hole rotation, and the 34-day period is naturally associated with the photospheric rotation period at about 70° S latitude. Thus we find evidence that the wind flow near 25° S comes from a region poleward of 60° S, consistent with magnetic field models.
Nanotube, nanowire, and nanocircuit behavior in simulated space environments

This paper reports the results of two separate heavy ion irradiation experiments. In the first set, nanomaterial samples including single and multi wall carbon nanotubes and electrospun carbon nanofibers, with well-graphitized vapor grown carbon fibers as controls, were irradiated using a primary beam of Krypton-86 ions at 142 Amp MeV. The single and multi wall carbon nanotube samples sustained little damage from the highest radiation dose. In the second set, a gallium nitride nanowire-based field effect transistor was irradiated using a primary beam of Krypton-78 ions at 140 Amp MeV. The nanocircuit maintained normal function under high active bias and high radiation dose. Krypton-86 and Krypton-78 are representative of high-Z heavy ions encountered in a space radiation environment. Results from the pre-irradiation structure and optoelectronic characterization of the gallium nitride nanowires are also reported.
ORIENTATION AND PROPERTIES OF ACRYLONITRILE COPOLYMERS

The orientation characteristics and the physical properties of acrylonitrile copolymers are studied as a function of orientation temperature, stretch ratio, and rubber modification content. The mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties are evaluated and discussed with respect to the influence of rubber content on these properties. The data indicate unique differences in the orientation behavior of rigid and rubber-modified copolymers. An explanation of these differences is offered on the basis of microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis.
Geographic Variation in the First Pleopod of the Form I mAle Dwarf Crayfish, Cambarellus Puer Hobbs (Decapoda, Cambaridae)

[Geographisch beeinfluste Variation im ersten Schwimmfus des Form I Mannchen des Zwergkrebses, Cambarellus puer, wurde untersucht. Berechnungen, die unternommen wurden, grundeten sich auf acht morphologische Messungen von 140 mannlichen Exemplaren der Form I aus 20 Gebieten. Statistische Methoden mit einer Merkmalsvariabele und mit mehreren Merkmalsvariabelen wurden auf abgestufte Angaben angewandt, um Analysen durchzufuhren. Eine Korrelationsmatrize unter sechs abgestuften Charakteren wurde berechnet und die ersten drei Hauptkomponenten gezogen, die fur 83,7% (Komponente I = 42,0%, II = 26,2%, III = 17,6%) der Variation in der Charakterreihe verantwortlich waren. Dreidimensionales Projizieren der Gebiete auf Hauptkomponenten zeigt, das die meisten Bestande in Bezug auf den Schwimmfus ahnlich sind. Projizierungen auf Komponenten I, II und III in Bezug auf elf Variabelen der Umwelt und die Hauptkomponenten in C. puer scheinen niedrig zu sein, was den Schlus bekraftigt, das die Gestalt des Schwimmfuses des mannlichen Krebses der Form I durch okologische Variabelen wenig beeinflust wird., Geographisch beeinfluste Variation im ersten Schwimmfus des Form I Mannchen des Zwergkrebses, Cambarellus puer, wurde untersucht. Berechnungen, die unternommen wurden, grundeten sich auf acht morphologische Messungen von 140 mannlichen Exemplaren der Form I aus 20 Gebieten. Statistische Methoden mit einer Merkmalsvariabele und mit mehreren Merkmalsvariabelen wurden auf abgestufte Angaben angewandt, um Analysen durchzufuhren. Eine Korrelationsmatrize unter sechs abgestuften Charakteren wurde berechnet und die ersten drei Hauptkomponenten gezogen, die fur 83,7% (Komponente I = 42,0%, II = 26,2%, III = 17,6%) der Variation in der Charakterreihe verantwortlich waren. Dreidimensionales Projizieren der Gebiete auf Hauptkomponenten zeigt, das die meisten Bestande in Bezug auf den Schwimmfus ahnlich sind. Projizierungen auf Komponenten I, II und III in Bezug auf elf Variabelen der Umwelt und die Hauptkomponenten in C. puer scheinen niedrig zu sein, was den Schlus bekraftigt, das die Gestalt des Schwimmfuses des mannlichen Krebses der Form I durch okologische Variabelen wenig beeinflust wird.]
RANDOM EFFECT BIVARIATE SURVIVAL MODELS AND STOCHASTIC COMPARISONS

In this paper we propose a general bivariate random effect model with special emphasis on frailty models and environmental effect models, and present some stochastic comparisons. The relationship between the conditional and the unconditional hazard gradients are derived and some examples are provided. We investigate how the well-known stochastic orderings between the distributions of two frailties translate into the orderings between the corresponding survival functions. These results are used to obtain the properties of the bivariate multiplicative model and the shared frailty model.
Potential Interactions between Salmonella enterica and Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato plants.

Over the past decade, the Eastern Shore of Virginia (ESV) has been implicated in at least four outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with tomato, all originating from the same serovar, Salmonella enterica serovar Newport. In addition to Salmonella Newport contamination, the devastating plant disease bacterial wilt, caused by the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, threatens the sustainability of ESV tomato production. Bacterial wilt is present in most ESV tomato fields and causes devastating yield losses each year. Although the connection between bacterial wilt and tomato-related salmonellosis outbreaks in ESV is of interest, the relationship between the two pathogens has never been investigated. In this study, tomato plants were root dip inoculated with one of four treatments: (i) 8 log CFU of Salmonella Newport per ml, (ii) 5 log CFU of R. solanacearum per ml, (iii) a coinoculation of 8 log CFU of Salmonella Newport per ml plus 5 log CFU of R. solanacearum per ml, and (iv) sterile water as control. Le...
Organizational justice perceptions and pay level satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the relative importance or effects of individual equity, external equity, internal equity, procedural justice, and informational justice on pay level satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a policy‐capturing methodology to determine the importance of the five factors and considers both group analyses and individual analyses of the data.Findings – Of the three types of equity, individual equity was the most important factor on pay level satisfaction. External equity and the three other factors were important for many individuals, and this was shown through the individual analyses.Research limitations/implications – The number of scenarios given to each participant was limited due to possible fatigue.Practical implications – The findings will help managers make judgments on how to respond to conflicts between internal alignment and external market conditions. Knowledge of which factors are most important will help managers create more effe...
Abundance and half-life of the distinct oat phytochrome A3 and A4 mRNAs.

Gene-preferential oligonucleotide probes were used to determined the relative abundance and half-lives of distinct oat phytochrome A (PHYA) mRNAs. Oat PHYA mRNAs are highly conserved in the 5′-untranslated region and the coding region, but the 3′-untranslated region has an overall lower sequence conservation and was the source of gene-preferential probes. PHYA3 mRNA was estimated to be ca. 61% of the oat PHYA mRNA pool present in poly(A)+ RNA from dark-grown seedlings. The half-lives for PHYA3 and PHYA4 mRNAs were both estimated to be ca. 30 min, and a similar short half-life was estimated for the average PHYA mRNA. Sequence comparisons of PHYA mRNAs from four grass species identified conserved sequences within the 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions that might be important for PHYA mRNA degradation.
Antibody-induced anemia in fetal sheep: model for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.

Our purpose was to produce a condition analogous a alloimmune hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn by infusing antierythrocyte antibodies in fetal sheep. Antierythrocyte antibodies were infused intravascularly into late-gestation ovine fetuses over a 10-day period. Fetal blood was sampled dialy for complete blood cell counts, blood gases, iron, erythropietin (EPO), and electrolyte concentrations. Red cell mass (RCM) and blood volume were determined every other day using indicator dilution techniques. Results were compared with eight similarly aged control animals. Statistical analysis included Student t test, three-factor analysis of variance, and least squares regression. The hematocrit in seven fetal sheep receiving antibody infusion declined significantly by 10.3 ± 1.7%, whereas it increased in control animals 2.3 ± 0.6% (P < .001). RCM was reduced by 18.9 ± 3.2% over the 10-day protocol while increasing 34.1 ± 4.2% in control animals, representing more than a 50% difference in RCM (P < .001). Fetal EPO was significantly increased with lower hematocrit and lower Po2 (P < .001). As fetal hematocrit declined below 25%, lactate and reticulocytes also increased (P < .001). Plasma iron concentration was not significantly altered (P = .47). The chronically catheterized fetal sheep is a viable model for studying immunologically induced fetal anemia as hematocrit can be tirated and the fall in RCM and hematocrit are associated with fetal hypoxia and elevated EPO as occurs in the anemic human fetus. Furthermore, there appears to be a threshold degree of anemia required to elicit responses as the fetal EPO, PO2, and lactate appeared unresponsive until hematocrit fell below 25%.
X-ray sensitivity of human tumor cells in vitro☆

Abstract Clonally-derived cells from ten human malignant tumors considered radiocurable (breast, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma) or non-radiocurable (osteosarcoma, hypernephroma, glioblastoma, melanoma) were studied in cell culture and their in vitro x-ray survival curve parameters determined (n, D o ). There were no significant differences among the tumor cell lines suggesting that survival parameters in vitro do not explain differences in clinical radiocurability. Preliminary investigation with density inhibited human tumor cells indicate that such an approach may yield information regarding inherent cellular differences in radiocurability.
Stress-Intensity Factors for a Surface Crack in a Finite Solid

A solution to the problem of a circular crack partially embedded in a solid of finite thickness is presented. A superposition and iteration technique is used to determine the stress-intensity factor numerically. The stress-intensity factor is determined as a function of position around the crack front for a variety of crack depths. The results of this study are compared with experimental data for a semielliptical surface flaw in a brittle material.
Evaluation of a training program for persons with SCI paraplegia using the Parastep 1 ambulation system: part 4. Effect on physical self-concept and depression

Abstract Objective: To determine whether persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) paraplegia who participated in an electrical stimulation walking program experienced changes in measures of physical self-concept and depression. Design: Before-after trial. Setting: Human SCI applied research laboratory. Participants: Volunteer sample of 12 men and 3 women with SCI paraplegia, mean age 28.75 ± 6.6yrs and mean duration of injury 3.8 ± 3.2yrs. Intervention: Thirty-two FNS ambulation training sessions using a commercially available system (Parastep®1). The hybrid system consists of a microprocessor-controlled stimulator and a modified walking frame with finger-operated switches that permit the user to control the stimulation parameters and activate the stepping. Outcome Measures: The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered before and after training. Only the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS was analyzed. After training, individual interviews were performed to assess participants' subjective reactions to the training program. Results: A repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that desired directional and statistically significant changes occurred on the Physical Self subscale of the TSCS ( F (1,14) = 8.54, p F (1,14) = 5.42, p Conclusions: Subsequent to the ambulation training program there were statistically significant increases in physical self-concept scores and decreases in depression scores.
Hormonal control of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in the rat brain.

—Following hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy, glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) (EC 1.1.1.8) activity decreased exponentially in the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem of adult male rats. The latter region was more affected than the former. Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40), isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) and mitochondrial glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.95.5) activities remained unchanged. Injection of adrenocorticotrophic hormone or cortisol in hypophysectomized rats or cortisol in adrenalectomized rats restored GPDH activity. Thyroidectomy and gonadectomy had no effect on GPDH activity. Liver GPDH was not decreased by hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy. Muscle GPDH was diminished slightly by adrenalectomy and as much as brain GPDH by hypophysectomy. In young rats GPDH developmental increase in activity was inhibited by hypophysectomy. These results clearly show that brain GPDH activity is specifically regulated by cortisol (and probably closely related corticosteroids).
Evidence Confirming the T = 0 Three-Pion Resonance

From events of the type p + p yields 3 pi /sup +/ + 3 pi /sup -/ + pi /sup 0/, dat a are obtained which presents evidence for a T = 0, three-pion resonance. The events were produced by 1.61-Bev/c antiprotons in the 72-in. hydrogen bubble chamber. The data are presented in graphical form. (L.N.N.)
The Impact of Internet Exchanges on Business-to-Business Distribution

The authors review an incumbent business-to-business distributor of electronic components faced with the entry of more than 50 Internet-based competitors and offer an explanation for why the distributor prevailed. Underlying the explanation is an assertion that the appropriate unit of analysis is the buyer-distributor-seller triad, not the buyer-seller dyad. In the case examined, the channel activities were interrelated such that when each party calculated the costs and benefits of the activities that occurred within this three-way relationship, they outweighed the net gains from disintermediation or Internet intermediation. Particular conditions favoring the status quo included existing activities for sharing customer identification information between the distributor and the seller, a high proportion of negotiated distributor-customer contracts, and new entrants’ reliance on open technologies. While no claims are made about the generalizability of this explanation beyond the case studied, the authors believe their assertion and hypotheses may have broader applicability.
Concurrent B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma treated successfully with lenalidomide

The occurrence of multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the same patient is very uncommon. The immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide has been shown to have high response rates in multiple myeloma and appears to be quite active in advanced CLL. We report two patients with concurrent CLL and MM who were both treated successfully with lenalidomide.
The effect of repeated desipramine administration on water intake in rats.

Rats were maintained on a regimen of restricted access to water. Desipramine (DMI) IP 1 h prior to the access period dose-dependently reduced water intake. Following completion of the dose-response determination for the effect of desipramine or water intake, rats were divided into three groups for repeated administration. Rats in each group were injected both 1 h before and 15 min after the access period. The SAL-SAL group received saline both before and after the session, the DMI-SAL group received 10 mg/kg DMI before and saline after the session, and the SAL-DMI group received saline before and 10 mg/kg DMI after the session. Average water intake for rats in the DMI-SAL group decreased progressively during the first 5 days of repeated administration and then began to return toward baseline levels. Average water intake for rats in the SAL-DMI group decreased progressively from days 4–18 of repeated administration and then began to increase toward beseline levels. Rats repeatedly administered DMI (DMI-SAL and SAL-DMI groups) became tolerant to its effect on water intake, as indicated by a diminution of the DMI effect during repeated treatment and by a shift to the right in the DMI dose-response function after discontinuation of repeated DMI administration. Both groups of rats administered DMI repeatedly were less sensitive to amitriptyline-induced reduction of water intake than controls thereby indicating the development of cross-tolerance to amitriptyline. Cross-tolerance to scopolamine did not develop. These findings demonstrate a behavioral effect of DMI that results in the development of tolerance. The lack of cross-tolerance to scopolamine suggests that tolerance development is not due to altered central cholinergic function.
111) Orientation preferred L10 FePtB patterned by block copolymer templating

The (111) orientation preferred L10 FePtB has been obtained by post-deposition annealing sputtered FeB/Pt multilayers on thermally oxidized silicon substrates. Block copolymer templating was employed to pattern FeBPt film. A matrix study of etch time and etch angle showed that ion-milling at 75° for 3 min yielded the highest coercivity. Reannealing after patterning process was found to improve the crystalline structure and coercivity significantly. These results suggested (111) orientation preferred L10 FePt patterned by block copolymer templating may be promising for tilted media and bit patterned media.
Time from onset of SIRS to antibiotic administration and outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Introduction The interval from presentation with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) to the start of antibiotic administration affects mortality in patients with sepsis. However, patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) often develop SIRS directly from their brain injury, making it a less useful indicator of infection. We therefore hypothesized that SIRS would not be a suitable trigger for antibiotics in this population.
Sugar binding in lactose permease: anomeric state of a disaccharide influences binding structure.

Abstract Lactose permease in Escherichia coli (LacY) transports both anomeric states of disaccharides but has greater affinity for α-sugars. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to probe the protein–sugar interactions, binding structures, and global protein motions in response to sugar binding by investigating LacY (the experimental mutant and wild-type) embedded in a fully hydrated lipid bilayer. A total of 12 MD simulations of 20–25 ns each with β(α)- d -galactopyranosyl-(1,1)-β- d -galactopyranoside (ββ-(Galp)2) and αβ-(Galp)2 result in binding conformational families that depend on the anomeric state of the sugar. Both sugars strongly interact with Glu126 and αβ-(Galp)2 has a greater affinity to this residue. Binding conformations are also seen that involve protein residues not observed in the crystal structure, as well as those involved in the proton translocation (Phe118, Asn119, Asn240, His322, Glu325, and Tyr350). Common to nearly all protein–sugar structures, water acts as a hydrogen bond bridge between the disaccharide and protein. The average binding energy is more attractive for αβ-(Galp)2 than ββ-(Galp)2, i.e. −10.7(±0.7) and −3.1(±1.0) kcal/mol, respectively. Of the 12 helices in LacY, helix-IV is the least stable with ββ-(Galp)2 binding resulting in larger distortion than αβ-(Galp)2.
Oxidation of histidine residues in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase by bicarbonate-stimulated peroxidase and thiol oxidase activities: pulse EPR and NMR studies.

In this work, we investigated the oxidative modification of histidine residues induced by peroxidase and thiol oxidase activities of bovine copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-ZnSOD) using NMR and pulse EPR spectroscopy. 1D NMR and 2D-NOESY were used to determine the oxidative damage at the Zn(II) and Cu(II) active sites as well as at distant histidines. Results indicate that during treatment of SOD with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) or cysteine in the absence of bicarbonate anion (HCO(3)(-)), both exchangeable and nonexchangeable protons were affected. Both His-44 and His-46 in the Cu(II) active site were oxidized based on the disappearance of NOESY cross-peaks between CH and NH resonances of the imidazole rings. In the Zn(II) site, only His-69, which is closer to His-44, was oxidatively modified. However, addition of HCO(3)(-) protected the active site His residues. Instead, resonances assigned to the His-41 residue, 11 A away from the Cu(II) site, were completely abolished during both HCO(3)(-)-stimulated peroxidase activity and thiol oxidase activity in the presence of HCO(3)(-) . Additionally, ESEEM/HYSCORE and ENDOR studies of SOD treated with peroxide/Cys in the absence of HCO(3)(-) revealed that hyperfine couplings to the distal and directly coordinated nitrogens of the His-44 and His-46 ligands at the Cu(II) active site were modified. In the presence of HCO(3)(-), these modifications were absent. HCO(3)(-)-mediated, selective oxidative modification of histidines in SOD may be relevant to understanding the molecular mechanism of SOD peroxidase and thiol oxidase activities.
Braudel's Mediterranean: Un Défi Latin

Fernand Braudel's immense history of international politics in the sixteenth century s i significant for analytic social scientists from two standpoints—methodological and substantive. Although Braudel does not pretend to present a theory of history or international relations, he utilizes a broad range of geographic and economic theory to provide a novel conceptual framework. He devotes particular attention to defining boundaries in time and space. Braudel is highly innovative in his use of quantitative techniques, as in his analysis of communications potentials to delineate the spatial configurations of the sixteenth-century world. Just as Braudel's eclectic methodology suggests alternatives to approaches dominant in North American social science, his substantive emphasis on the pre-eminence of Latin civilization during the formative period of the modern Western world provides an impressive alternative perspective to the Whig interpretation of sixteenth-century history which has generally prevailed in English-speaking countries.
Academic Mothers: Exploring Disciplinary Perspectives

In this article we explore the role of academic discipline on the careers of tenure-line faculty women with children. Longitudinal, qualitative findings show that disciplinary contexts and ideal worker norms shape what it means to be an academic and a mother. Even after achieving tenure, ideal worker norms affect these roles; professional advancement is not a given in the academic pipeline. Institutions of higher education must create environments that facilitate the promotion of women to the rank of full professor and into administrative positions.
Kneallhazia carolinensae sp. nov., a microsporidian pathogen of the thief ant, Solenopsis carolinensis.

Abstract A new species of microsporidia is described from adults of the thief ant, Solenopsis carolinensis , collected in Florida, USA. Morphological and genetic characterization of this new species showed that it is most closely related to the genus Kneallhazia and is therefore formally designated, Kneallhazia carolinensae sp. nov. Masses of ovoid, binucleate spores were localized to fat body of adult workers and measured 6.2 ± 0.1 × 3.1 ± 0.1 μm (fresh) and 6.0 ± 0.1 × 3.4 ± 0.1 μm (fixed). These spores were in direct contact with the cell cytoplasm and contained an isofilar polar filament with 12–15 coils. Blastn analysis revealed that the K. carolinensae 16S rDNA sequence exhibited 91% identity with the 16S rDNA gene of K. solenopsae . The morphological and sequence data support the conclusion that K. carolinensae is a novel microsporidian species distinct from K. solenopsae .
Detection of ozone gas using gold nanoislands and surface plasmon resonance

Gold nanoislands interact with gaseous ozone to produce a surface plasmon resonance shift, similarly to the interaction of ozone and gold nanoparticles in water. Gold nanoislands are produced by sputtering, which significantly simplifies the synthesis and produces controlled size for the gold nanoislands. The shift of surface plasmon resonance peak was monitored while gold nanoislands were exposed to variable concentration of gaseous ozone. The shift was then correlated with ozone concentration. Our current results indicate sensing gaseous ozone at concentration of as low as 20 μg/L is achievable. Gold nanoislands were reversed to their original wavelength and were able to cycle between the wavelengths as ozone was introduced and removed. Potentially, this system can be useful as a sensor that identifies the presence of ozone at low part-per-billion concentrations of ozone in gaseous media.
Self-assembly of a hydrophobic groove

Abstract Heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin interacts with 5,15-diphenylporphine to produce a 2:1 complex in dimethyl sulfoxide. This complex possesses a hydrophobic groove that circumscribes the metal binding site of the porphyrin moiety.
Treatment of fibrolamellar hepatoma with subtotal hepatectomy or transplantation

Fibrolamellar hepatoma (FL-HCC) is an uncommon variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), distinguished by histopathological features suggesting greater differentiation than conventional HCC. However, the optimal treatment and the prognosis of FL-HCC have been controversial. Follow-up studies are available from 1 year to 27 years, after 41 patients with FL-HCC were treated with partial hepatectomy (PHx) (28 patients) or liver transplantation (13 patients). In this retrospective study, the effect on outcome was determined for the pTNM stage and other prognostic factors routinely recorded at the time of surgery. Cumulative survival at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 97.6%, 72.3%, 66.2%, and 47.4%. Tumor-free survival at these times was 80.3%, 49.4%, 33%, and 29.3%. The TNM stage was significantly associated with tumor-free survival. Patients with positive nodes had a shorter tumor-free survival than those with negative nodes (P < .015). Patient survival was most adversely affected by the presence of vascular invasion (P < .05). FL-HCC is an indolently growing tumor of the liver, which usually was diagnosed in our patients at a stage too advanced for effective surgical treatment of most conventional HCC. Nevertheless, long-term survival frequently was achieved with aggressive surgical treatment. When a subtotal hepatectomy could not be performed, total hepatectomy (THx) with liver transplantation was a valuable option.
Mixed analog/persistence prediction of seasonal mean temperatures for the USA

The operational analog prediction system used as input to official USA seasonal temperature category forecasts was modified to produce anomaly forecasts instead of most probable class forecasts. These modified forecasts led to more conservative predictions, but were more reliable for above-and below-normal classes. They were subsequently combined with persistence forecasts in a variety of objective ways in the hope of producing forecasts more skilful than either input. Several versions of two basic mixing approaches, bivariate linear regression and persistence plus analog-predicted change, were tried. All combined schemes were, overall, more skilful than either of the component schemes. Bivariate linear regression slightly outperformed persistence plus analog-predicted trend. The former was most skilful when use of the regression forecast was limited to cases where the regression coefficient for the analog term was positive and significance tests were passed at least to a minimal extent in a cross-validated examination of the regression equation.
ARGININE VASOPRESSIN (AVP) IN FETAL LAMBS & RESPONSE TO BLOOD LOSS

The fetus appears to be capable of homeostatic regulation of its fluid environment in utero. Possible hormonal modulation mechanisms influencing cardiovascular homeostasis include AVP, which in adult animals is released from the posterior pituitary in response to hyperosmolar stimuli or volume depletion. Fetal AVP production was studied in chronically prepared unstressed fetuses and in acutely hemorrhaged fetuses from 0.4 of gestation to term. Serum levels of AVP were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Assay cross reactivity with fetal arginine vasotocin and angiotension 1 was negligible. In chronically catheterized fetuses, basal AVP levels rose from 0 pg/ml at gestation age (GA) 112d to 2.4 pg/ml (5mU/ml) at GA 140d. Epidural anesthesia to the ewe and acute catheterization of the fetus was associated with mean fetal levels of 14.9 pg/ml. In these fetuses, sequential hemorrhage of 5 to 20% of total blood volume resulted in an increase of serum AVP. Mean AVP levels for 4 fetuses 130-148 GA were 48.1 pg/ml after 5% bleeding, 200.1 pg/ml after 10%. 106 pg/ml after 15% and 151 pg/ml after 20%. A very early gestation fetus (GA 59) had a higher basal level after anesthesia and exteriorization: 56.8 pg/ ml. This increased only to 69.1 pg/ml after 10% hemorrhage. That such a large release of this membrane active hormone is present early in gestation when the kidneys are extremely immature, suggests that AVP may act to control water metabolism at membrane surfaces other than renal in the fetal placental unit. Supported by USPHS Grant HL 06285.
Interfacial and intrafacial linkage isomerizations of rhenium complexes with aromatic molecules.

The mechanisms for the interconversion of facial diastereomers of a variety of TpRe(CO)(L)(η2-LAr) complexes {L = tBuNC, pyridine (py), PMe3, or 1-methylimidazole (MeIm); LAr = benzene, anisole, naphthalene, 1-methylpyrrole, furan, or thiophene; Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate} have been investigated by 1H NMR spin saturation experiments. In addition, the rates and free energies of activation for these processes were calculated from spin saturation experiments and T1 measurements. The operative mechanisms for interconversion of the π diastereomers were found to be nondissociative, undergoing either an interfacial or intrafacial linkage isomerization. A comparison of the kinetic parameters for isomerization of related η2-olefin complexes of the {TpRe(CO)(PMe3)} and {CpRe(NO)(PPh3)}+ fragments is also presented.
Paradoxes, Problems and Progress

Abstract This address describes certain paradoxes and problems as they affect statistics singular, statistics plural and statistics political. It summarizes recent progress toward resolving the problems but stresses the need for major additional effort if statistics is, or are, to remain truly meaningful and viable.