cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Film-based optical elements for passive solar concentration in a BIPV window application

Abstract In this work, film-based optical elements are used as a passive solar concentrator for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) window applications. Micro-facets are used to induce total internal reflection allowing window glass to function as a wave guide, thus redirecting light onto the back side of bifacial photovoltaic (BFPV) cells. Seasonal variations in the incident angle at solar noon were considered for Chicago, IL. Three optical models were developed using commercial optical software, validating that the optical elements have a significant impact on the amount of light energy allowed to reach the back side of the bifacial cell. Further, an experimental validation was conducted using two commercially available films. Using a 1:1 film to PV-cell ratio, the first film demonstrated a maximum of 26.3% increase in power on the back side of the bifacial cell. The second film type allowed a maximum of 30.2% increase. Both films allowed solar energy to reach the back side of the cell over the range of incident angles that were evaluated, making it useful as a passive solar concentrator. Finally, both 2:1 and 3:1 film to PV-cell ratios were evaluated for each of the two film types. A maximum power increase of 35.1% was observed. The results indicate that film-based optical elements have potential as a passive solar concentrator for BIPV applications.
Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction With Simultaneous Deep-Plane Rhytidectomy: A Case Report:

This article covers a case report about approaching the mandible for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction with simultaneous deep-plane rhytidectomy. Different methods have been used by surg...
An agenda for citizens with disabilities: pursuing identity and empowerment

Future progress of the disability movement may depend on the development of a positive sense of identity for disabled persons that will permit them to gain a feeling of empowerment. This analysis explores several features of extensive experience with a disability that might provide the basis for such a formation. © 1997 Elsevier Science
Introduction to the Technical Committee on Engineering Acoustics

This talk will provide an introduction to ongoing work in the Technical Committee on Engineering Acoustics (TCEA) of the Acoustical Society of America, which is one of the most diverse Technical Committees of the Society. Engineering Acoustics encompasses the theory and practice of creating tools for investigating acoustical phenomena and applying knowledge of acoustics to practical utility. This includes the design and modeling of acoustical and vibrational transducers, arrays, and transduction systems in all media and frequency ranges. It is also concerned with the design of acoustical instrumentation, metrology, and the calibration of those systems. It further considers all aspects of measurement and computational techniques as they relate to acoustical phenomena and their utility. The talk will provide an introduction to a broad range of research topics in TCEA, with specific emphasis on exciting new areas of research.This talk will provide an introduction to ongoing work in the Technical Committee on Engineering Acoustics (TCEA) of the Acoustical Society of America, which is one of the most diverse Technical Committees of the Society. Engineering Acoustics encompasses the theory and practice of creating tools for investigating acoustical phenomena and applying knowledge of acoustics to practical utility. This includes the design and modeling of acoustical and vibrational transducers, arrays, and transduction systems in all media and frequency ranges. It is also concerned with the design of acoustical instrumentation, metrology, and the calibration of those systems. It further considers all aspects of measurement and computational techniques as they relate to acoustical phenomena and their utility. The talk will provide an introduction to a broad range of research topics in TCEA, with specific emphasis on exciting new areas of research.
The Influence of Behavior on Performance Within a Word-Problem Intervention for Students With Mathematics Difficulty:

Some elementary students may exhibit challenging externalizing or internalizing behaviors in addition to difficulty with mathematics. In this study, we explored the behavioral patterns of 441 third...
Corynebacterium Jeikeium Endocarditis: A Review of the Literature.

Corynebacterium jeikeium is a gram-positive, aerobic, pleomorphic, non-spore forming bacillus, commonly present on the skin surface. Infective endocarditis secondary to C. jeikeium most commonly affects left-sided heart valves and has a higher likelihood to require valve replacement compared to other Corynebacterium endocarditis. C. jeikeium endocarditis is extremely difficult to treat as it is characteristically resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, and sensitivity to quinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines and rifampin is variable. Despite treatment, mortality rates as high as 33% have been reported. We hereby review the literature regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of this deadly microorganism.
Reimagining Headache Fellowships.

In March of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to drastic changes in clinical practice and teaching methods. This article relates the experience of developing an almost virtual headache fellowship in response to the pandemic.
Resistance and resilience of stream metabolism to high flow disturbances

Abstract. Streams are ecosystems organized by disturbance. One of the most frequent and variable disturbances in running waters is elevated flow. Yet, we still have few estimates of how ecosystem processes, such as stream metabolism (gross primary production and ecosystem respiration; GPP and ER), respond to high flow events. Furthermore, we lack a predictive frame- work for understanding controls on within-site metabolic responses to flow disturbances. Using five years of high-frequency dissolved oxygen data from an urban- and agriculturally-influenced stream, we estimated daily GPP and ER and analyzed metabolic changes across 15 isolated high flow events. Metabolism was variable from day to day, even during lower flows. Thus, we calculated metabolic resistance as the magnitude of departure from the dynamic equilibrium during antecedent lower flows and quantified resilience from the days until GPP and ER returned to the range of antecedent dynamic equilibrium. We evaluated correlations between metabolic resistance and resilience with characteristics of each high flow event, antecedent conditions, and time since last flow disturbance. ER was more resistant and resilient than GPP. GPP was typically suppressed following flow disturbances, regardless of disturbance intensity. In contrast, the ER magnitude of departure increased with disturbance intensity. Additionally, GPP was less resilient and took longer to recover (0 to > 9 days, mean = 2.2) than ER (0 to 2 days, mean = 0.6). Given the flashy nature of streams draining human-altered landscapes and the variable consequences of flow for GPP and ER, testing how ecosystem processes respond to flow disturbances is essential to an integrative understanding of ecosystem function.
Conserved core visual object recognition across simian primates: Marmoset image-by-image behavior mirrors that of humans and macaques

We report that the marmoset, a 300-gram simian primate with a flat cortex, performs a challenging high-level perceptual task in a strikingly human-like manner. Across the same set of 400 images, marmosets' image-by-image core object recognition behavior was highly similar to that of humans -- and was nearly as human-like as was macaques' (r=0.73 vs. r=0.77). Separately, we found that marmosets' visual abilities far outstripped those of rodents -- marmosets substantially outperformed rats and generalized in a far more robust manner across images. Thus, core aspects of visual perception are conserved across simian primates, and marmosets may be a powerful small model organism for high-level visual neuroscience.
Flow-induced flapping of an inverted flag with non-uniform stiffness distribution

We perform high-fidelity, two-dimensional (2D), fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations at a Reynolds number of $Re=200$ of uniform flow past an inverted flag (i.e., clamped at its trailing edge). The inverted flag system can exhibit large-amplitude flapping motions (on the order of the flag length) that can be converted to electricity via, e.g., piezoelectric materials. We investigate the effect of structural nonuniformity in altering the FSI dynamics compared with the uniform-stiffness scenario that has been thoroughly characterized. We consider linear, quadratic, and cubic stiffness distributions, and demonstrate that the FSI dynamics mirror those of a uniform-stiffness flag with an appropriately defined effective stiffness. We show that this effective stiffness can be computed simply via analysis of an \emph{in-vacuo} Euler-Bernoulli beam. When expressed in terms of the effective stiffness, the FSI dynamics of the nonuniform-stiffness flag exhibit the same regimes -- with many similarities in the detailed dynamics -- as a uniform-stiffness flag. This study opens questions about (i) what the optimal stiffness distribution is for, e.g., energy harvesting capacity, and (ii) how to use nonuniform (and possibly time-varying) stiffness distributions to control the flag dynamics towards a desired state.
PD05-06 PROMOTIONAL PAYMENTS TO MEDICAL ONCOLOGISTS AND UROLOGISTS AND PRESCRIPTIONS FOR ABIRATERONE AND ENZALUTAMIDE

OBJECTIVE To understand the influence of drug manufacturers on the prescribing patterns of medical oncologists and urologists, we examined the relationship between promotional payments from the manufacturers of abiraterone and enzalutamide and prescriptions for either drug by medical oncologists and urologists. METHODS Promotional payments for abiraterone or enzalutamide made to medical oncologists and urologists between January 2014 and December 2017 reported through the Open Payments Program were categorized as $0, $1-$999, and $1000 or more. Prescriptions filled between January 2013 and December 2017 were identified in the Medicare Part D File. Associations between promotional payments and prescribing were assessed using generalized linear models. RESULTS From 2013 through 2017, the number of medical oncologists and urologists prescribing abiraterone or enzalutamide increased by 38% and 298%, respectively. The odds of prescribing among medical oncologists receiving $1-$999 and those receiving $1,000 or more were 1.69 (95%CI:1.59-1.79) and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.14-3.18) times that of medical oncologists receiving no payments. Among urologists receiving $1-$999 and those receiving $1,000 or more, the odds of prescribing were 4.04 (95%CI: 3.59-4.54) and 13.57 (95%CI: 9.69-19.0) times that of urologists receiving no payments. CONCLUSIONS Increasing promotional payments were associated with prescribing among medical oncologists and urologists, with a stronger relationship evident for urologists. Prescribing patterns for abiraterone and enzalutamide, particularly among urologists, may be influenced by payments from drug manufacturers.
Segregation of Synaptic Function on Excitable Cells

The neuron has long been considered the fundamental “unit” of the brain, functioning as a go-no-go switch. In many ways this assumption is not inaccurate, particularly with regard to the axon and the process of spike generation and transmission. This assumption is also not incompatible with the individual neuron’s role as an integrator of synaptic activity, where the go-no-go signal is determined by the admixture of synaptic excitation and inhibition.
Hitching a ride: Vector feeding and virus transmission.

The majority of plant viruses rely on insect vectors for transmission. Insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts are the most common and efficient vectors because, they are able to inject viruses into specific plant tissues. Acquisition and inoculation of viruses occurs during specific vector feeding behaviors, and feeding behavior varies greatly among insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts. In this review we provide an overview of the feeding behavior of the major insect vectors with piercing sucking mouthparts: aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, hoppers, and thrips. We briefly review the different mechanisms of plant virus transmission by these insects, and discuss how each mechanism requires a vector that engages in specific feeding behaviors, and how differences in feeding behavior among these insects can determine which viruses they are capable of transmitting. We also discuss recent findings indicating that plant viruses can directly modify their vector's behavior in a way that enhances transmission to...
A Simulation Modeling Framework to Optimize Programs Using Financial Incentives to Motivate Health Behavior Change

Introduction. While increasingly popular among mid- to large-size employers, using financial incentives to induce health behavior change among employees has been controversial, in part due to poor quality and generalizability of studies to date. Thus, fundamental questions have been left unanswered: To generate positive economic returns on investment, what level of incentive should be offered for any given type of incentive program and among which employees? Methods. We constructed a novel modeling framework that systematically identifies how to optimize marginal return on investment from programs incentivizing behavior change by integrating commonly collected data on health behaviors and associated costs. We integrated “demand curves” capturing individual differences in response to any given incentive with employee demographic and risk factor data. We also estimated the degree of self-selection that could be tolerated: that is, the maximum percentage of already-healthy employees who could enroll in a wel...
Critical Communication History| What Makes “Free” Radio? U.S. Media Policy Discussions in Post-War Germany 1945–1947

Based on archival material, this article documents the debate within the U.S. Military Government (OMGUS) in post-WWII Germany about what institutional setup would ensure “free” German broadcast media. This discussion was tied to debates in the United States and reflected changing domestic and international conditions. From May 1945 until late 1947, U.S. media policies in Germany were in flux. Issues of media ownership, control, and advertising provoked considerable debate, and reasoning shifted regarding what constituted “free” media and, more broadly, democracy. This article’s main concern, therefore, is not whether German broadcast media were truly free, but how OMGUS defined the concept of “free” and justified policy decisions accordingly.
Optical characterization of lithium niobate thin films

Optical waveguiding thin films of lithium niobate were RF sputtered onto single-crystal sapphire substrates. A polarized He-Ne laser light with a wavelength of 6328 AA was successfully fed into the optical waveguide by a rutile prism coupler. The guided modes excited by the prism coupler were observed and used to examine the optical properties of the waveguide. The effective thickness and the refractive index for transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes were calculated. The birefringence observed in the films and X-ray diffraction studies have confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the films. The attenuation of the light propagation in the waveguide was determined to be 1.2+or-0.1 dB/cm. >
DOMESTIC RELATIONS Adoption: Make Technical Corrections to Adoption Code

The Act clarifies provisions of the Adoption Code, corrects syntactical and grammatical errors, and corrects portions of the revised Code which proved to be costly or unworkable. It specifies that the petitioner will pay for criminal record checks, and allows reunion registry activities to be handled by independent agencies on a fee basis. It modifies the Code to allow networking letters seeking independent adoptions to contain an attorney's name and address as a contact.
A Model of Faking Likelihood in the Employment Interview.

There has been surprisingly little research on faking in the employment interview, despite the fact that professional judgment would suggest that faking might occur in the interview. Based on a review of the literature on faking in personality tests and the literature on deception, we propose a model of faking during an employment interview and develop 19 testable propositions to guide future research. We argue that faking is a function of capacity, willingness, and opportunity to fake. Structured interviews provide less opportunity for intentional distortion; however, some components of structure may actually increase faking. Finally, job candidates distort their responses in job desirable ways.
Ford and UAW Enter Derivatives Market

This research note examines the recent agreement between Ford and the UAW to restructure the payment flows into the VEBA established to assume health care obligations to Ford retirees.
Psychological Perspectives on Gender in Negotiation

A fundamental form of human interaction, negotiation is essential to the management of relationships, the coordination of paid and household labor, the distribution of resources, and the creation of economic value. Understanding the effects of gender on negotiation gives us important insights into how micro-level interactions contribute to larger social phenomena, such as gender gaps in pay and authority. Recent research on gender in negotiation has shown us how gender stereotypes constrain women from negotiating access to resources and opportunities through lowered performance expectations and gendered behavioral constraints. However, this widening research stream is also beginning to provide hints for how individuals and organizations can overcome these limitations to women's negotiation potential. In this chapter, I provide a brief history of psychological research on gender in negotiation, starting with the study of gender-stereotypic personality attributions and transitioning to a more sophisticated analysis of the effects of gender stereotypes on negotiation behaviors and performance. I review contemporary research on gender in negotiation using two interrelated frameworks. The first outlines the ways in which gender stereotypes influence negotiation, the second outlines situational factors that help predict when gender effects are likely to emerge in negotiation. These include ambiguity, which facilitates the emergence of gender effects, and gender triggers, which influence the salience and relevance of gender within the negotiating context. Finally, I highlight practical implications of research on gender in negotiation and point to future research directions that could transform insights about barriers to women's negotiation performance into positive levers for change.
Rules for demisyllable synthesis using Lingua, a language interpreter

A speech synthesis system, called Lingua, has been developed to generate speech from demisyllables. The set of programs permits features and units to be defined by the user, and permits feature values to change asynchronously within the unit. Rules for determining duration, amplitude, pitch, etc. are specified in a format based on generally used linguistic notation. The inventory of units for the synthesis comprises fewer than 1000 LPC-encoded demisyllables previously generated by Lovins et al. (see Lovins, Macchi, and Fujimura, JASA 65, SI, Spring 1979).
Restriction of exogenous transthyretin (Prealbumin) by the endothelium of the rat choriocapillaris

The endothelium of the choriocapillaris has been shown to restrict molecules with Einstein-Stokes radii greater than or equal to 3.2 nm which correspond to minimal molecular weights of approximately 64,000-68,000 daltons. The present study was undertaken to determine if the endothelium restricts exogenous transthyretin (prealbumin), a 55,000-dalton carrier of retinol-binding protein. Rats were injected with human 125I-transthyretin which was allowed to circulate for 15 and 30 min. Chromatographic analysis demonstrated that the human transthyretin did not bind to rat blood proteins. Eye tissue from injected rats was prepared for light and ultrastructural autoradiographic analysis. Autoradiographic grains were confined to areas over the lumen of the choriocapillaris with few present on Bruch's membrane, the basement membrane common to the endothelium of the choriocapillaris and the retinal pigment epithelium. These findings demonstrate that the choriocapillaris can restrict transthyretin and suggest a possible role of its endothelium in the metabolism of retinol-carrier molecules.
Nucleotide Sequence of the Treponema pallidum eno Gene

We determined the nucleotide sequence of the enolase (eno) gene of Treponema pallidum, the noncultivable agent of syphilis. The deduced amino acid sequence of T. pallidum enolase (Eno) is 432 amino acids long with a predicted molecular mass of 46.7 kDa. The Eno amino acid sequence has a high degree of homology to the amino acid sequences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic Eno. This is the first eno sequence reported for a bacterium in the order Spirochaetales.
Service stage Petri net models with product form solution

A class of service stage Petri net models whose equilibrium probabilities satisfy local balance equations is presented. Examples of their applicability include bus oriented multiprocessor interconnections, the classical dining philosophers problem and the alternating bit protocol. The natural topological space for embedding the state transition lattice for this class of SSPN is shown to be a multidimensional toroidal manifold.
Electrochemical interactions between erythrocyte surfaces

Abstract The mechanism of aggregation of human red blood cells (RBCs) by neutral macromolecules was investigated with the use of suspensions of normal and neuraminidase-treated RBCs in dextran with a molecular weight of 74,000. Aggregation (reflectometry) of normal RBCs reached a maximum at dextran concentration of 4 g% and decreased to zero at 9 g%, while the surface adsorption of dextran continued to increase. Aggregation of neuraminidase-treated RBCs increased with dextran concentrations up to 20 g%, and the surface adsorption of dextran showed a similar concentration dependence. In the normal RBCs, high dextran concentrations caused an increase in surface potential, similar to the effect of decreasing the ionic strength. The electrostatic repulsive force (F e ) between adjacent RBC surfaces in the rouleaux was calculated and used to estimate the force of RBC aggregation due to macromolecular bridging. Mechanical shearing affected RBC aggregation in two ways: moderate shearing facilitates aggregation by increasing cell encounter, whereas high shears cause dispersion of the aggregates. The balance of forces at the cell surfaces is such that RBC aggregation occurs when the macromolecular bridging force exceeds the disaggregating forces due to electrostatic repulsion and mechanical shearing.
Effect of Intrafraction Prostate Motion on Proton Pencil Beam Scanning Delivery: A Quantitative Assessment

Purpose To assess the dosimetric impact caused by the interplay between intrafraction prostate motion and the intermittent delivery of proton pencil beam scanning (PBS). Methods and Materials A cohort of 10 prostate patients was treated with PBS using a bilateral single-field uniform dose (SFUD) modality. Bilateral intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans were generated for comparison. Because beam-on time in PBS was intermittent, the actual beam-on time was determined from treatment logs. Prostate motion was generalized according to real-time Calypso tracking data from our previously reported prospective photon trial. We investigated potential dose deviations by considering the interplay effect resulting from the worst-case scenario motion and the PBS delivery sequence. Results For both bilateral-field SFUD and IMPT plans, clinical target volume (CTV) D 99 % coverage was degraded 10% for the worst fraction. The standard deviation of CTV D 99 % distribution was approximately 1.2%. The CTV coverage of individual fields in SFUD plans degraded as time elapsed after the initial alignment, owing to prostate drift. Intensity-modulated proton therapy and SFUD demonstrated comparable results when bilateral opposed fields were used. Single-field SFUD plans that were repainted twice, which could reduce half of the treatment time, resulted in similar CTV coverage as bilateral-field plans. Conclusions Intrafraction prostate motion affects the actual delivered dose to CTV; however, when averaged over the course of treatment, CTV D 99 % coverage degraded only approximately 2% even for the worst-case scenario. The IMPT plan results are comparable to those of the SFUD plan, and similar coverage can be achieved if treated by SFUD 1 lateral field per day when rescanning the field twice to shorten the treatment time and mitigate intrafraction motion.
Mitochondrial biofuel cells : expanding fuel diversity to amino acids

Although mitochondria have long been considered the powerhouse of the living cell, it is only recently that we have been able to employ these organelles for electrocatalysis in electrochemical energy conversion devices. The concept of using biological entities for energy conversion, commonly referred to as a biofuel cell, has been researched for nearly a century, but until recently the biological entities were limited to microbes or isolated enzymes. However, from the perspectives of efficient energy conversion and high volumetric catalytic activity, mitochondria may be a possible compromise between the efficiency of microbial biofuel cells and the high volumetric catalytic activity of enzymatic biofuel cells. This perspective focuses on comparing mitochondrial biofuel cells to other types of biofuel cells, as well as studying the fuel diversity that can be employed with mitochondrial biofuel cells. Pyruvate and fatty acids have previously been studied as fuels, but this perspective shows evidence that amino acids can be employed as fuels as well.
Association of a nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase 9 with giant cell arteritis

Objective Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common type of primary vasculitis. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is present in arterial lesions of GCA and may be involved in its pathogenesis. We investigated whether certain genotypes of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MMP-9 are overrepresented in patients with histologically confirmed GCA. Methods Four SNPs of MMP-9, rs3918242 in the promoter region and 3 nonsynonymous coding SNPs (rs3918252, rs17576, and rs2250889) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 58 white patients for whom there was a clinical suspicion of GCA. Thirty of these patients had histologically confirmed GCA (group 1), and 28 patients had negative results of a temporal artery biopsy for GCA (group 2). Estimates of the genotype distributions of each of these SNPs in a white population were determined using publicly available genotype data for a panel of 23 individuals (group 3). Results Although 1 SNP was monomorphic in all 3 groups, we observed statistically significant differences in the genotype distributions for rs2250889 between group 1 and group 2 (P = 0.005) and between group 1 and group 3 (P = 0.009), but not between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.965). Conclusion These data derived from a sample of patients with GCA suggest that the G allele of MMP-9 polymorphism rs2250889 is overrepresented in patients with histologically confirmed GCA. Clearly, larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm this suggestive association and better characterize a possible linkage disequilibrium structure among polymorphisms.
Comparison of some hormonal effects on carbohydrate metabolism in an elasmobranch (Squalus acanthias) and a holocephalan (Hydrolagus colliei)

A comparative study of some endocrine aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in an elasmobranch (Squalus acanthias) and a holocephalan (Hydrolagus colliei) was undertaken. The animals were treated with glucose, bovine insulin, bovine glucagon, adrenalin, noradrenalin, cortisol, and corticosterone, as well as with insulins extracted from the pancreas of the species investigated. Alterations in blood glucose levels and in tissue glycogen concentrations were analyzed. In addition, liver glycogen concentrations were determined in force-fed, newly-captured, and fasting dogfish and in newly-captured and fasting ratfish. Liver lipid levels were determined in corticoid-treated animals. Blood glucose in fasting dogfish and ratfish, as determined by the glucose oxidase method, was approximately 50 mg% and 60 mg%, respectively. All insulins tested were potent hypoglycemic agents in both species. Glucagon in high doses produced a slight and transient hyperglycemic response in dogfish, but not in ratfish. Adrenalin induced hyperglycemia in both dogfish and ratfish; the response in ratfish, however, was delayed and did not persist so long as in dogfish. Noradrenalin had no effect on blood glucose levels in dogfish, but caused hypoglycemia in ratfish. Cortisol and corticosterone were hyperglycemic in dogfish but without effect in ratfish. Dogfish synthesized glycogen when force-fed and stored glycogen when starved. However, ratfish seemed incapable of storing glycogen for even short periods. Liver and muscle glycogen levels of fasting dogfish and ratfish were low compared with other poikilotherms. Of the various hormones employed, only bovine insulin and noradrenalin caused glycogen deposition in dogfish muscle; adrenalin stimulated glycogenesis in ratfish liver, whereas noradrenalin stimulated glycogenolysis. All other hormones were without effect upon tissue glycogen concentrations. Corticosterone in dogfish and cortisol in ratfish significantly decreased liver lipid levels. In general it appears that, with the exception of insulin, hormones which affect blood glucose and/or tissue glycogen concentrations in tetrapods have minimal effects on these parameters in chondrichthyeans. However, even insulin has only a limited effect on tissue glycogen concentrations. The abundance of lipid, in contrast to the sparse glycogen deposits, in both dogfish and ratfish liver (70% and 80% of wet weight), implies that lipid reserves may be of more fundamental physiologic importance to these fishes. Hormones, which primarily affect carbohydrate metabolism in mammals, may instead be concerned with the control of lipid metabolism in chondrichthyeans.
ℓ-matrices and a characterization of binary matroids

@?-matrices are defined and shown to be the incidence matrices of certain matroids (lines). The well-known characterizations of binary matroids of W.T. Tutte and A. Lehman are proved along with a new characterization. The proofs use @?-matrices.
Chronic viral hepatitis and the management of chronic renal failure

Effective control measures to reduce the spread of HBV in dialysis units have had a major beneficial impact on the management of patients with chronic renal failure (Table 3). The exact impact of chronic HBV infection on graft and patient survival following RT remains unclear, and the outcome may depend in great part on the severity of the pre-RT liver disease. RT should only be offered to HBV-infected patients after careful consideration of all the pertinent data, including results of liver biopsy. Advances in HBV vaccination may further decrease the risk of infection in patients on HD. Our understanding of HCV is evolving rapidly, but the question of the risk of transmission of HCV within dialysis units is still unsettled and thus recommendations about isolation of HCV-infected patients are not possible. Although RT does not appear to be deleterious in many HCV-infected patients, histologic and clinical evidence of severe liver disease should also prompt caution in offering RT. Longer term studies are required to assess the ultimate effect of RT in patients with HCV. Clearly, subjective improvement of quality of life associated with successful RT compared to chronic dialysis should not be withheld lightly. Pending further experience, use of organs from anti-HCV-positive donors in non-emergent situations is best avoided. The role of antiviral agents in RT recipients with chronic viral hepatitis also remains to be defined. Improved supportive care of patients with chronic renal disease, including erythropoietin therapy, as well as improved tests for anti-HCV screening of donor blood will help to further diminish exposure to HCV in HD units.
Additive-subtractive phase-modulated shearography with synchronized acoustic stressing

A robust electronic shearography technique is described that is immune to ambinet noise. In this technique, additive speckle-interference images containing information about the same two states of deformation of a test object undergoing acoustic stressing are acquired in each video frame. When a spatially nonuniform phase modulation is introduced in every other frame during the video sequence (using a tilting mirror) and the additive interference images are subtracted sequentially using a real-time image processor, the self-interference component of sheared-speckle interference pattern is removed. The susceptibility of this method to environmental noise caused by induced thermal noise and low frequency vibration is demonstrated to be lower than that of conventional substractive shearography methods; fringe visibility and contrast are significantly improved as well. The ability of this technique to work in a turbulent environment is demonstrated, and application to detection of structural defects in adhesively bonded structures, a problem of interest in nondestructive evaluation of structures, is shown.
A zebrafish unc-45-related gene expressed during muscle development.

We report the isolation and expression pattern of zebrafish unc45r, a gene related to Caenorhabditis elegans unc-45. UNC-45 is a muscle-specific protein thought to interact with myosin and promote the assembly of muscle thick filaments during C. elegans development. Zebrafish Unc45r shares sequence features with C. elegans UNC-45, including three tetratricopeptide repeats and a CRO1/She4p homology domain. unc45r is expressed in mesoderm adjacent to the dorsal midline during late gastrula stages and is coexpressed with muscle specific genes in somitic mesoderm during development of trunk skeletal muscle. unc45r is also expressed in cranial skeletal muscle as well as in cardiac and smooth muscle. The isolation of a muscle-specific unc-45 related gene from zebrafish suggests a common mechanism for muscle filament assembly between vertebrates and invertebrates.
Phenomenological methodology in the human sciences.

The author suggests that phenomenological methodology differs from traditional methodologies both in purpose and procedure. The task of a phenomenological researcher is to “see” the logic or meaning of an experience, for any subject, rather than to discover causal connections or patterns of correlation. The nature of the task demands extensive study of a small sample, allowing the subjects to speak for themselves and to reveal the logic of their experience as lived. The author reviews verification procedures relevant to phenomenological studies and discusses the limitations inherent in phenomenological research.
Human Albinism: Light and Electron Microscopy Study

• The eyes of a 13-year-old leukemic boy with the attributes of tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism were obtained for light and electron microscopic study. Repeated examinations had failed to reveal WBCs with giant oxidase-positive granules, and leukemic involvement of the fundus never occurred. Light microscopic examination of horizontal and vertical sections through the retina confirms earlier reports that the fovea is absent in albinos. The synaptic apparatus of the photoreceptor terminals appears abnormal. The rough endoplasmic reticulum of the retinal pigment epithelial cells is sparse though the presence of phagosomes suggests that phagocytic function is intact. Suggestions as to the importance that the morphological findings may have on albino visual function are made.
Cratering history of Miranda: Implications for geologic processes

The terrain of Miranda, which is the least cratered and therefore pressumably youngest of the Uranian moons, encompasses more heavily cratered and coronae regions, of which the former are, again pressumably, the oldest. The coronae are also variably cratered; of these, Elsinore and Arden Coronae have similar, intermediate crater frequencies, and may therefore have formed simultaneously. The Inverness Corona is the youngest of the major terrains. Periods of global expansion are implied by grabben formation that may have occurred both before and after the formation of the coronae.
A Conserved Hsp10-like Domain in Mcm10 Is Required to Stabilize the Catalytic Subunit of DNA Polymerase-α in Budding Yeast *

Mcm10 is a conserved eukaryotic DNA replication factor that is required for S phase progression. Recently, Mcm10 has been shown to interact physically with the DNA polymerase-alpha (pol-alpha).primase complex. We show now that Mcm10 is in a complex with pol-alpha throughout the cell cycle. In temperature-sensitive mcm10-1 mutants, depletion of Mcm10 results in degradation of the catalytic subunit of pol-alpha, Cdc17/Pol1, regardless of whether cells are in G(1), S, or G(2) phase. Importantly, Cdc17 protein levels can be restored upon overexpression of exogenous Mcm10 in mcm10-1 mutants that are grown at the nonpermissive temperature. Moreover, overexpressed Cdc17 that is normally subject to rapid degradation is stabilized by Mcm10 co-overexpression but not by co-overexpression of the B-subunit of pol-alpha, Pol12. These results are consistent with Mcm10 having a role as a nuclear chaperone for Cdc17. Mutational analysis indicates that a conserved heat-shock protein 10 (Hsp10)-like domain in Mcm10 is required to prevent the degradation of Cdc17. Substitution of a single residue in the Hsp10-like domain of endogenous Mcm10 results in a dramatic reduction of steady-state Cdc17 levels. The high degree of evolutionary conservation of this domain implies that stabilizing Cdc17 may be a conserved function of Mcm10.
The Geminga supernova as a possible cause of the local interstellar bubble

It is proposed that the Local Bubble was caused by the SN that produced the Geminga pulsar. The pulsar's 300,000-year age is used in conjunction with the motion of a recently discovered optical counterpart to verify that the SN was well-positioned for production of the Local Bubble if the explosion occurred within 60 pc of the solar system.
Lateral Compartmentalization of T Cell Receptor Versus CD45 by Galectin-N-Glycan Binding and Microfilaments Coordinate Basal and Activation Signaling

Lateral compartmentalization of membrane proteins into microdomains regulates signal transduction; however, structural determinants are incompletely understood. Membrane glycoproteins bind galectins in proportion to the number (i.e. NX(S/T) sites) and degree of GlcNAc branching within attached N-glycans, forming a molecular lattice that negatively regulates T cell function and autoimmunity. We find that in resting T cells, partition of CD45 inside and T cell receptor (TCR)/CD4-Lck/Zap-70 outside microdomains is positively and negatively regulated by the galectin lattice and actin cytoskeleton, respectively. In the absence of TCR ligands, the galectin lattice counteracts F-actin to retain CD45 in microdomains while concurrently blocking TCR/CD4-Lck/Zap-70 partition to microdomains by preventing a conformational change in the TCR that recruits Nck/Wiscott Aldrich Syndrome (WASp)/SLP76/F-actin/CD4 to TCR. The counterbalancing activities of the galectin lattice and actin cytoskeleton negatively and positively regulate Lck activity in resting cells and CD45 versus TCR clustering and signaling at the early immune synapse, respectively. Microdomain-localized CD45 inactivates Lck and inhibits TCR signaling at the early immune synapse. Thus, the galectin lattice and actin cytoskeleton interact on opposing sides of the plasma membrane to control microdomain structure and function, coupling basal growth signaling with thresholds to activation.
The degree of coupling of nuclear rotation in binucleate 3T3 cells.

Abstract In order to test the existence of mechanical coupling between the rotational movements of two adjacent nuclei, we prepared binucleate 3T3 cells and observed their nuclear movements by near infrared microscopy and recorded them with time-lapse video techniques. We found that 49 out of 110 (44%) of the selected binucleate cells expressed nuclear rotation. Rotation could occur in just one of the nuclei while the second nucleus remained stationary ( 31 110 ) or in both nuclei simultaneously ( 18 110 ). In almost all cases where both nuclei rotated simultaneously ( 15 110 ) they did so at different speeds and in opposite directions. The nuclei were observed to rotate in the same direction in only three of the examples. The results are consistent with a weak mechanical interaction between a rotating nucleus and its neighbor. Consistent with our previous observations in mononucleate cells, we did not find a characteristic position of the centrosphere or a special distribution of the microtubules or the intermediate filaments in binucleate cells with rotating nuclei. There was an absence of long, well-formed microfilament bundles beneath the nuclei during rotation, even in the local region beneath the rotating nucleus in those cells with one rotating and one stationary nucleus. Also consistent with observations of mononucleate cells, nuclear rotation was inhibited by treatment with colcemid, although the ability of the nuclei to rotate was eventually restored when the colcemid-containing medium was replaced with normal medium.
The Continuous Cuing Process for Thermoset Polymer Composites. Part 1: Modeling and Demonstration:

This paper presents a new manufacturing method, continuous curing, that is specifically engineered for extremely thick parts made from thermosetting polymer matrix compounds. In this process, matrix curing takes place continuously as the precursor material is being laid down. The energy for curing is obtained from the exothermic curing reaction through controlled heat release; once started, the process is self-sustaining. Thermal spiking, an unavoidable feature of autoclave curing, can be completely eliminated in continuous curing by manipulating the process parameters. In addition, manufacturing times are reduced by an order of magnitude or more.A simple analytical model is presented first to show the inherent features of continuous curing. Next, a detailed thermo-chemical process model is developed and numerical results are obtained for a glass/polyester composite. The process is demonstrated by curing a 100 mm thick graphite/epoxy lamina. Finally, thermal spiking behavior and manufacturing times are co...
PSA based review of adjuvant and salvage radiation therapy vs. observation in postoperative prostate cancer patients.

SUMMARY Because of the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of postoperative radiation therapy for early prostate cancer, treatment strategies following radical prostatectomy include: (1) observation alone in high-risk patients, (2) adjuvant radiation therapy (PSA undetectable) in high-risk patients, or (3) salvage radiation therapy for biochemical and clinical recurrence. Fifty-two patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy in either an adjuvant setting (13) or for salvage (39) were retrospectively reviewed. The actuarial biochemical disease-free survival (bNED) rates following radiation therapy were calculated using the life-table method. Univariate and multi variate analyses were used to define the clinical factors that predict biochemical failure following postoperative radiation therapy. In addition, the bNED survival rate for 36 high-risk surgery patients who were simply observed following prostatectomy was determined. The 3-year bNED survival rate for the adjuvant radiation group was 85% compared with 27% for salvage radiation and 43% for the observation group. These results are statistically significant. Factors that predict biochemical failure following postoperative radiation therapy include preoperative PSA level, pre-radiation therapy PSA level, and seminal vesicle involvement. At our institutions, adjuvant radiation therapy was a superior strategy compared with either observation alone or salvage radiation therapy for high-risk postoperative prostate cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 29‐36 (2000). © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The development of diabetes in E2f1/E2f2 mutant mice reveals important roles for bone marrow-derived cells in preventing islet cell loss

Our studies of mice deficient for the E2F1 and E2F2 transcription factors have revealed essential roles for these proteins in the cell cycle control of pancreatic exocrine cells and the regulation of pancreatic beta cell maintenance. Pancreatic exocrine cells in E2f1/E2f2 mutant mice become increasingly polyploid with age, coinciding with severe exocrine atrophy. Furthermore, mice deficient for both E2F1 and E2F2 develop nonautoimmune, insulin-dependent diabetes with high penetrance. Surprisingly, transplantation of wild-type bone marrow can prevent or rescue diabetes in E2f1-/-E2f2-/- mice. We hypothesize that exocrine degeneration results in a destructive environment for beta cells, which can be alleviated by restoration of the hematopoietic system that is also defective in E2f1-/-E2f2-/- mice. The demonstration that beta cell maintenance under conditions of stress is influenced by bone marrow-derived cells may provide important insight into the design of therapies to boost islet mass and function in diabetic patients.
Phantom evaluation of heating of superficial tissues located above interstitial microwave antennas

Abstract Purpose: A technique that improves heating of superficial tissues above an implant of microwave interstitial antennas is presented. Methods and Materials: Adequate heating of tumor margins is achieved by extending an implant of microwave antennas beyond the tumor boundary by 1–2 cm. When the tumor infiltrates the superficial tissues including the skin, the implant cannot even reach the superficial margin of the tumor since it requires tissue to support the catheters. This may yield cold spots in the tissues above the implant. Measurements in a phantom with varying thickness of the superficial layer above thi implant demonstrated inadequate Specific Absorption Rates of energy distribution in this layer. A method that improves these distribution in this layer. A method that improves these distributions in the syperficial layers was developed and tested in this work. This method requires placing a deionized water bolus on the phantom (patient) surface. Additional microwave antennas are placed on top of the bolus above and parallel to the implanted antennas. The Specific Absorption Rates distributions were evaluated for the thicknesses of superficial layer raging from 1.5 mm to 16 mm and two bolus thicknesses (5 and 10 mm). Results: The adequate Specific Absorption Rates distributions were achieved for all tested thicknesses of the superficial layer (1.5, 4, 8, 12, and 16 mm). The use of the 5 mm bolus versus 10 mm bolus is discussed. The use of additional antennas did not significantly increase stray radiation. Conclusion: This method has the potential to optimize heating of superficial tissues located above a microwave antenna implant.