cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Counseling Psychologist in the New Millennium: Building a Bridge From the Past to the Future

It is with enthusiasm, a strong commitment, and humility that I share with you my vision for the journal as the incoming editor of The Counseling Psychologist (TCP). During the past 30 years, TCP has established an outstanding reputation for publishing high-quality, scholarly articles. In looking back at the past 15 years as a consumer of TCP, I can recall reading and considering various trends in counseling psychology and being proud that I was a counseling psychologist. I am equally proud of the contribution that TCP and counseling psychology have made to the field of psychology. Counseling psychologists historically have worked and still work to promote people’s well-being. We have pushed for greater understanding of life transitions such as school to work and from career to career. We have worked to show that psychological interventions work and make a difference. We also have contributed to the psychological literature that argues and shows that all humans are socialized in distinct cultural contexts. We have worked to show how systems affect the lives of organizational members and how tests in organizations such as schools and business can be harmful and how tests and assessments can be used in responsible ways. As I consider the task of outlining a direction for TCP, I find that my view of the future is consistent with the past, as reflected in the work of previous editors. A core component of my vision is to maintain the tradition of excellence set forth and established by Whiteley (1999), Fretz (1999), Stone (1999), and Heppner (1999). My primary mission as TCP editor will be to continue its strong heritage and tradition and enhance it by building on its numerous strengths. It is clear to me that TCP, under Puncky Heppner’s editorship, has grown and expanded its contribution to counseling and psychology in general (Heppner, 1999). As we move further into the 21st century it seems imperative that the journal continue its growth and maintain its strength. In particular, I want to preserve TCP’s ranking as a top-tier journal with its high citation impact (Flores, Rooney, Heppner, Browne, & Wei, 1999).
Electron spin resonance of Mn2+ in Mg2Si

Abstract The paramagnetic resonance spectrum of Mn 2+ has been investigated in single crystals of the cubic semiconductor, Mg 2 Si, at 4.2°K and 9100 Mc/s. The principal results are that g = 2.0048, the hyperfine splitting constant A = −50.6 × 10 −4 cm −1 , and the cubic splitting factor a = 7.14 × 10 −4 cm −1 . These results are indicative of strong covalent bonding in this compound.
Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol After Traumatic Brain Injury

Emotional and behavioral dyscontrol are relatively common neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury and present substantial challenges to recovery and community participation. Among the most problematic and functionally disruptive of these types of behaviors are pathologic laughing and crying, affective lability, irritability, disinhibition, and aggression. Managing these problems effectively requires an understanding of their phenomenology, epidemiology, and clinical evaluation. This article reviews these issues and provides clinicians with brief and practical suggestions for the management of emotional and behavioral dyscontrol.
The Switch Process in Multiple Personality Disorder and Other State-Change Disorders

This paper explores the properties of states of consciousness as they are revealed by the process of state-change or switching. Drawing on examples of state of consciousness transitions in infants, altered states of consciousness, and psychiatric disorders, a number of common principles are derived. These include the observation that states of consciousness are discrete self-organizing patterns of behavior differing along axes of affect, access to memory, attention and cognition, regulatory physiology, and sense of self. State transitions are marked by non-linear changes in these variables. A developmental model is outlined and the implications for treatment and further research are discussed.
Obliterative bronchiolitis post mycoplasma associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Back ground Obliterative Bronchiolitis (OB) after Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) associated with mycoplasma infection is rare .We present 3 cases including their presentation, diagnosis and HRCT findings. Case Reports Three children aged 7(girl), 11 and 13(two boys) presented with persistent wet cough and reduced exercise tolerance not responding to antibiotics or bronchodilators. They had a history of SJS with positive IgM for Mycoplasma pneumoniae 6 to 8 months prior to presentation. All had consolidation on chest radiograph at the time of acute illness. Examination revealed polyphonic wheeze and crepitation in first two cases. Spirometry at presentation showed an obstructive pattern (FEV1 53%, 62% and 114.8% of predicted respectively). There was no bronchodilator reversibility or response to steroids in all three. HRCT showed regional air trapping in all three cases confirming OB .The 11 year old boy also had peribronchial thickening and bronchiectasis. He had a recurrence of SJS three years later, but no respiratory deterioration. Lung function (FEV1 72%, 75% and 122% of predicted) and exercise tolerance improved slightly with chest physiotherapy and antibiotics for acute exacerbations. Whilst reported symptoms improved considerably, repeat HRCT in the first two cases showed persistence of initial changes with only marginal improvement. Discussion OB post mycoplasma associated SJS in these slightly older, previously healthy children resulted in significant morbidity. OB should be suspected in children with chronic respiratory symptoms following an episode of SJS associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae. The diagnosis can be confirmed by HRCT. Symptoms improve significantly with appropriate treatment.
Litigation support: complying with the law when handling electronic information during legal proceedings

This paper examines the Litigation Support industry and its involvement with compliance to federal and sometimes international, regulations. The focus of the research is information, in particular, electronically stored information. During legal proceedings in which electronic information can be used as evidence, there is an established set of rules and procedures that exists. This document first introduces the litigation support industry and all the various support structures that exist within it which an organization can use. It then outlines the formal laws that were implemented in relation to information. Finally, it describes how these laws affect the organization in their efforts to remain compliant throughout the entire legal process.
Safety of second-generation rotavirus vaccines, intussusception.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses new data available on the safety of the second-generation rotavirus vaccines both in the United States and internationally. RECENT FINDINGS Second-generation rotavirus vaccines are both highly effective against rotavirus disease. Recent data from passive and active surveillance systems in the United States indicate that RV1 and RV5 vaccines may possibly cause a small increase in the risk of intussusception; an estimated 1-3 US infants out of 100 000 might develop intussusception within 7 days of getting their first dose of rotavirus vaccine. Parents and health providers should be aware of the small risk of intussusception, the signs and symptoms of intussusception, and the need for prompt care. SUMMARY Taking into consideration available data on the benefits and risks, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to recommend that all US infants receive rotavirus vaccine based on the age and precaution/contraindication criteria. The benefits of RV5 and RV1 outweigh the small excess risk of intussusception. Safety monitoring will continue, both in the United States and internationally, to further quantitate the intussusception risk following each vaccine.
Characterization of MS, MiS, and Mos Contacts to Type IIB Diamond by Capacitance-Voltage and Current-Volt Age

Three types of electrical contacts on natural type lib single crystal diamonds have been studied by current-voltage (IV) and capacitance-voltage (CV) measurements. Vertical structures were fabricated with the metal-diamond (MS), metal-undoped diamond-doped diamond (MiS), or metal-SiO2-doped diamond (MOS) contacts and ohmic contacts on the opposite face of the diamond. The MS contact was rectifying and both the MiS and MOS were blocking contacts. While very high leakage currents were measured on the MiS structure in forward bias (MO6times the reverse bias), an accumulation region was observed in the MiS CV data. The uncompensated acceptor concentration values calculated from the CV data were in good agreement for different structures fabricated on the same samples and with the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements of the bulk boron concentration. Extreme stretch out was observed in the CV of the MiS and MOS due to interface traps. The density of interface traps was estimated to be in the 1012 cm-2 eV-1 range for these structures.
Nonconvex Generalized Benders Decomposition with Piecewise Convex Relaxations for Global Optimization of Integrated Process Design and Operation Problems

This paper considers the global optimization of challenging stochastic or multiperiod mixed-integer nonconvex programs that arise from integrated process design and operation. The difficulties of the problems are large scale and the nonconvexity involved. Recently, a novel decomposition method, called nonconvex generalized Benders decomposition (NGBD), has been developed to solve this problem to global optimality finitely, and this method shows dramatic computational advantages over traditional branch-and-bound based global optimization methods because it can exploit well the decomposable structure of such problems. Since the convergence rate of NGBD is largely dependent on the tightness of the convex relaxations of the nonconvex functions, the efficiency of NGBD can be improved by generating tighter convex relaxations. Building on the success of piecewise linearization for bilinear programs in the process systems engineering literature, this paper develops a piecewise convex relaxation framework, which c...
Lawyering Loyalties: Speech Rights and Duties within 21st Century New Governance

Acting legally is within the reasonable role construction of any organizational player. Employees must be loyal to their organization and obey the rules set by their employer, but they must also recognize that employment entails serving two masters – their organization and the legal regime that constitutes it. This Article analyzes the obligations and protections for both public and private sector attorneys who witness misconduct. These ethical and professional duties are considered in light of recent developments in regulatory theory and practice that aim to balance these competing obligations. In the past decade, organizations have been increasingly expected to self-regulate and monitor their own legal compliance and ethical practices. Within these reflexive organizational practices, lawyers must take a broader perspective than merely their client’s immediate requests. The Article 2 offers a critique of Garcetti v. Ceballos as well as private attorney whistleblower case law, arguing that the internal channels of reporting misconduct by lawyers to supervisors or boards strike the best balance between new governance approaches to regulation and client-attorney privileges.
Mechatronics Education: Meeting Future Need

Of all the topics feverishly discussed in staff meetings, conferences and blogs, future educational effectiveness and relevance always seems to crop up. Professors, remembering their own education and struggles to attain their current status in academe bemoan the current lack of mathematics, the lack of student talent, and the drift away from hard design to a plug-and-play mentality. There are evident disjoints between Software-as-a-Sservice (SaaS), cloud computing, and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and mechatronic systems.
Impact of individualized learning plans on United States senior medical students advanced clinical rotations

The individualized learning plan (ILP) is a tool that promotes self-directed learning. The aim of this pilot study was to look at the perception of the ILPs in United States senior medical school students as a way to improve their learning experience during their advanced practice clerkship. We conducted a survey of graduating medical students that contained both quantitative and open-ended questions regarding the students' experiences with the ILP during their advanced practice clerkship from July 2014 to March 2016. We systematically identified and compiled themes among the qualitative responses. Responses from 294 out of 460 subjects were included for analysis (63.9%). Ninety students (30.6%) reported that the ILP was definitely reviewed at the midpoint and 88 (29.9%) at the final evaluation. One hundred sixty one students (54.8%) felt the ILP provided a framework for learning. One hundred sixty one students (61.6%) felt it was a useful tool in helping open a discussion between the student and faculty. The qualitative data was grouped by areas most mentioned and these areas of concern centered on lack of faculty knowledge about ILP, time to complete ILP, and uncertainty of appropriate goal setting. The majority of students perceive the ILP to be helpful. Our results suggest that active intervention is needed by dedicated and trained faculty to improve ILP utilization. It is recommended that faculty gives students examples of learning goals to create their own learning framework and encourages them to discuss and review the ILP.
GOODNESS-OF-FIT TESTS FOR ARCHIMEDEAN COPULA MODELS

In this paper, we propose two tests for parametric models belonging to the Archimedean copula family, one for uncensored bivariate data and the other one for right-censored bivariate data. Our test procedures are based on the Fisher transform of the correlation coefficient of a bivariate (U, V ), which is a one-to- one transform of the original random pair (T1, T2) that can be modeled by an Archimedean copula model. A multiple imputation technique is applied to establish our test for censored data and its p value is computed by combining test statistics obtained from multiply imputed data sets. Simulation studies suggest that both procedures perform well when the sample size is large. The test for censored data is carried out for a medical data example.
Effect of polymer and ceramic morphology on the material and electrochemical properties of electrospun PAN/polymer derived ceramic composite nanofiber membranes for lithium ion battery separators

Abstract Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/ceramic fibers were created by combining the PAN polymer and various room temperature curable organopolysilazane (OPSZ) precursors in a one step electrospinning process. The resultant PAN/ceramic (70:30 wt%) hybrid fiber mats consisted of well-formed, uniform fibers with evenly distributed ceramic, both in the longitudinal and cross-sections of the fibers. The presence of the tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) pendant chain attached to the polysilazane (PSZ) backbone impacted the ability of the ceramic to form a continuous ceramic network within the polymer network. Results show that the membranes with an interconnected ceramic domain showed superior mechanical and electrochemical properties. The interconnected ceramic domains affect the polymer's ability to crystallize, leading to an increase in amorphous regions within the fiber. The increase in amorphous regions leads to increased electrolyte uptake, superior ionic conductivity and excellent cycling performance. Batteries containing 40 wt% TEOS:PSZ and 20 wt% TEOS:PSZ separators showed greater than 90% capacity retention at a C/5 discharge rates after 100 cycles. C-rate tests show a similar trend with 40 wt% TEOS:PSZ and 20 wt% TEOS:PSZ membranes maintaining greater capacity retention even at high charge rates.
Three decades of coral reef community dynamics in St. John, USVI: a contrast of scleractinians and octocorals

To better understand phase shifts on Caribbean reefs, we quantified community structure on shallow reefs over 27 yr in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, contrasted the community dynamics of scleractinians and octocorals, and evaluated the extent to which community structure was associated with rainfall, temperature, and hurricanes. To gain insight into the likely abundance of octocorals on future reefs with low scleractinian cover, we compared two sites dominated by the major Caribbean reef-building coral Orbicella annularis. Between 1987 and 2013, scleractinian cover declined from 45% to 6% at Yawzi Point, but remained at ~30% at Tektite. We compared changes in community structure using four benthic assemblage constructs—“scleractinian-focused” (cover of scleractinians, macroalgae, and CTB i.e. crustose coralline algae, algal turf, and bare space), “octocoral-focused” (abundance of octocorals, cover of macroalgae, and CTB), “octocoral genera” (abundance by genus), and a “complete” approach (all taxa)—to reveal how a consideration of octocoral abundance influenced the interpretation of coral reef community dynamics. Overall, temporal variation in community structure differed among the four assemblage constructs at both sites and was associated with rainfall and mean seawater temperature. These results suggest that: (1) scleractinian- and octocoral-focused communities in the same location responded differentially to the same environmental conditions, (2) their communities generally were influenced more by the chronic effects of rainfall and temperature than acute effects of storms, and (3) octocoral-focused communities were more resilient to environmental conditions than scleractinian-focused communities. With further declines in cover of scleractinians, octocoral communities are likely to become more common throughout the Caribbean.
Transition Economies: Rule of Law and Credible Commitment

Must the rule of law spring upon us solely by accident and force, or can it also emerge as a product of political reflection and choice? As the lessons in the political and economic transition of centrally planned economies in Europe and Asia illustrate, the transitional movement requires an element of political reflection and deliberate choice, specifically the establishment a binding and credible commitment to limits on state action. In order to do so, credible commitment to the rule of law must be signaled ex-ante by political reformers if reform efforts are to be successful, from which economic development follows ex-post. The historical record shows, however, that efforts to establish the rule of law in transition economies has been mixed. This chapter explains why this is the case, specifically by comparing Russia and China as case studies of transitional political economy.
Diagnosis and treatment of orofacial pain in a patient with unserviceable complete dentures: A clinical report

An ill-fitting complete denture has the potential to create pain and discomfort as well as conceal or confound the diagnosis of other primary sources of orofacial pain such as trigeminal neuralgia. Guidelines of the American Academy of Orofacial Pain offer an evidence-based approach for the assessment, diagnosis, and management of orofacial pain. A complete and accurate differential diagnosis is paramount to the success of treatment as well as to the circumvention of unnecessary therapy. The purpose of this clinical report was to emphasize an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and treatment of orofacial pain in a patient with edentulism and a history of prolonged denture wear.
Mapping Intersectionality and Latina/o and Chicana/o Students Along Educational Frameworks of Power:

This chapter reviews scholarship using intersectional analyses to assess how Latina/o and Chicana/o youth navigate imbricated systems of privilege and oppression in their educational trajectories. ...
No intrinsic gender differences in children's earliest numerical abilities.

Recent public discussions have suggested that the under-representation of women in science and mathematics careers can be traced back to intrinsic differences in aptitude. However, true gender differences are difficult to assess because sociocultural influences enter at an early point in childhood. If these claims of intrinsic differences are true, then gender differences in quantitative and mathematical abilities should emerge early in human development. We examined cross-sectional gender differences in mathematical cognition from over 500 children aged 6 months to 8 years by compiling data from five published studies with unpublished data from longitudinal records. We targeted three key milestones of numerical development: numerosity perception, culturally trained counting, and formal and informal elementary mathematics concepts. In addition to testing for statistical differences between boys’ and girls’ mean performance and variability, we also tested for statistical equivalence between boys’ and girls’ performance. Across all stages of numerical development, analyses consistently revealed that boys and girls do not differ in early quantitative and mathematical ability. These findings indicate that boys and girls are equally equipped to reason about mathematics during early childhood.
Between Population Variation in Spider Territorial Behavior: Hybrid-Pure Population Line Comparisons

When we consider the subject of behavioral genetics, we immediately think of courtship and habitat selection — traits that are involved with the differentiation of species and hence assumed to be under strong genetic influence. Less consideration has been given to those behavioral traits that represent adaptations to local environments or contexts (e.g., cooperative, competitive, thermoregulatory and foraging behaviors), because these are thought to be determined largely by experiential effects associated with temporally variable environmental contexts. No one would argue that such traits are not influenced by natural selection. However, the extent to which heritable variation exists in the genetic program is often open to question.
Parastomal Ileal Conduit-enteric Fistula

We report an unusual and late complication of ileal conduit urinary diversion. Eight years following stomal revision a fistula occurred between the ileum contained within an occult parastomal hernia and the opening of the ileal conduit.
The Harmonized Savings Plan at BP Amoco

SUBJECT AREAS: Capital markets, Efficient markets, Financial planning, Asset Allocation, Asset Management, Investments, Investment Management, Mutual funds, Pension funds, Performance measurement, Risk Management, Behavioral Finance, Defined-contribution pension fund design CASE SETTINGS: Chicago, IL; Mutual fund; Petroleum industry; 1999 This case provides a vehicle to discuss the design of corporate DC pension plans, retirement savings decisions, and retail investing. This case examines the decision of BP Amoco to redesign its defined contribution pension plan for US employees after the merger of BP and Amoco in 1998. As part of the merger process, management must decide how to best accomplish the integration (or "harmonization") of the pre-merger defined-contribution (DC) pension plans of each company, which are very different in the nature and number of their investment options. The investment options in the BP plan include a large number of actively managed mutual funds, plus company stock. By contrast, the investment options Amoco plan include a few index funds specifically tailored by Amoco to reduce expense ratios as much as possible, and company stock. The success of this integration is viewed as critical for employee morale in the face of the merger. Management is also aware of the implications of DC plan design for the long-term welfare of employees, in light of the increasing reliance of employees on this type of plan to finance retirement.
Ultrafast studies of the electronic structure and dynamics of B12 cofactors

Adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) dependent enzymes catalyze a variety of chemically unusual carbon skeletal rearrangement reactions. The catalysis proceeds via the generation of organic free radicals formed through homolysis of the active Co-C bond. When bound to protein, the homolysis rate is observed to increase compared with free AdoCbl in solution. Glutamate mutase, which catalyzes the carbon–skeletal rearrangement of L-glutamate to L-threo-3-methylaspartate, is one of the best characterized AdoCbl-dependent enzymes. Crystal structures with both the coenzyme and substrate bound in the active site are solved for glutamate mutase. This system provides a useful paradigm for protein cofactor interactions and for the enzymatic generation and control of free radicals. Time-resolved UV–visible spectroscopy provides a tool to study the excited electronic state structure of cobalamins in regions away from the ground state equilibrium geometry and to compare the influence of environment on this electronic structure.
Prescribing, Prescription Monitoring, and Health Policy

While the United States experienced a surge in morbidity and mortality associated with opioid prescriptions after the year 2000, the country has since 2011 been mired in a growing crisis of overdose and addiction in which illicit opioids play a central role. The drastic increase in persons with prescription opioid use, misuse, and opioid use disorder prompted myriad public health and clinical interventions to curtail opioid-related harms. These approaches can be classified into three main categories: (1) curtailing opioid prescribing, (2) monitoring opioid prescribing, and (3) myriad public policies and initiatives to mitigate and treat opioid use, misuse, and opioid use disorder. Since many persons with opioid use disorder started with potentially prescribed opioids, efforts to curtail and control opioid prescriptions emerged as a primary policy response to address opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Central to these efforts were the landmark “CDC Guideline on Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain” issued by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2016. To monitor patients’ receipt of controlled substances, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) emerged. PDMPs capture patient-level prescription fill information to inform prescribing and dispensing decisions, and possibly to support clinical intervention. Today, major initiatives are in place to promote treatment of persons with opioid use disorder and to reduce the harm associated with opioid misuse. These include the promotion of medication treatment for opioid use disorder, community and regional interventions to reduce the harm of opioid misuse, and national legislation (e.g., Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act) to improve funding for addiction treatment. As the “opioid epidemic” shifts during its evolution to an “opioid addiction epidemic,” these strategies hold promise to reduce, protect, and improve the health of communities.
Information, Incentives and CEO Replacement

This paper provides a new explanation for CEO turnover. In an environment in which all potential CEOs are endowed with the same ability and the firm is not looking for a strategy change, I demonstrate that CEO turnover may still occur in equilibrium. Specifically, a performance-contingent CEO replacement policy changes the reward structure of the departing CEO and thereby helps reduce excessive compensation earned by a CEO who stays on the job. At the same time, hiring a new CEO to implement the project also implies that the newly hired CEO will receive a limited liability rent. The trade-off between the benefit and cost of CEO replacement may lead firms to optimally commit to a more aggressive CEO replacement policy than the one that is ex-post efficient.
Shear-induced deformation and interfacial jamming of solid-stabilized droplets

We use rheo-microscopy to directly investigate the dynamics of solid-stabilized droplets subjected to shear flow of a surrounding bulk fluid. In our system, the stabilizing particles are weakly attractive through the continuous fluid phase and along the droplet interface. Under shear, droplets stabilized by these particles at near-complete surface coverage exhibit a number of previously unforeseen phenomena, including negative-then-positive deviations from the predictions of Taylor and the behavior of bare droplets, evolution toward spherocylindrical shapes, and an earlier onset of rupture than their bare counterparts, which we explain in light of the weak attractive interparticle interactions along the droplet interface. We also demonstrate the formation of long-lived anisotropic particle-coated droplets by flow cessation, and provide evidence that this is due to the formation of a jammed, disordered particle network along the interface at surface coverage lower than the starting conditions. Importantly, these newly observed phenomena are shown to be sensitive to the droplets' initial surface coverage. Our findings provide new technologically-relevant insights into the physics of particle-coated droplets under fluidic or other external stresses, and introduce avenues for future research to better understand the roles of interparticle interactions and surface coverage in mediating the interfacial rheology of particle-laden interfaces and solid-stabilized emulsions.
Effects of abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy on fetal body mass and incidence of neonatal complications

Objective To investigate the effects of abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy on the incidence of fetal body mass and neonatal complications.Methods Oral 50g glucose challenge test (GCT)was done in 2502 cases of pregnant women,156 cases of abnormal 75g oral glucose tolerance retest (OGTT),diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 86 cases,gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) in 70 cases,and 300 cases of the control group,then we compared the incidence of fetal students body mass,neonatal complications.Results Fetal body mass of GIGT and GDM groups was large for gestational age and fetal macrosomia,significantly higher than that of the control group,the appropriate for gestational age at birth rate was significantly lower than that of the control group,there was statistical significant difference (P ＜ 0.01); small for gestational age infants birth rate was also higher than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05); GIGT and GDM groups of pregnant women neonatal hypoglycemia,hyperbilirubinemia and in birth injury incidence was significantly higher than that in the control group,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01); concurrent premature,asphyxia morbidity were igher than those of the control group,there was statistical significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In clinical practice it is very necessary to detect glucose metabolism with anomaly detection and diagnosis system for all pregnant women,normal glucose metabolism treatment should be standardized and monitored; neonates delivered by all pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism should be given timely monitoring of blood glucose,complications and timely intervention. Key words: Impaired glucose tolerance; Pregnancy; Fetus; Body weight; Newborn
Selective linkage of mitochondrial enzymes to intracellular calcium stores differs between human-induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, and neurons.

Mitochondria and releasable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium modulate neuronal calcium signaling, and both change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The releasable calcium stores in the ER are exaggerated in fibroblasts from AD patients and in multiple models of AD. The activity of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), a key mitochondrial enzyme complex, is diminished in brains from AD patients, and can be plausibly linked to plaques and tangles. Our previous studies in cell lines and mouse neurons demonstrate that reductions in KGDHC increase the ER releasable calcium stores. The goal of these studies was to test whether the relationship was true in human iPSC-derived neurons. Inhibition of KGDHC for one or 24 hr increased the ER releasable calcium store in human neurons by 69% and 144%, respectively. The effect was mitochondrial enzyme specific because inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, another key mitochondrial enzyme complex, diminished the ER releasable calcium stores. The link of KGDHC to ER releasable calcium stores was cell type specific as the interaction was not present in iPSC or neural stem cells. Thus, these studies in human neurons verify a link between KGDHC and releasable ER calcium stores, and support the use of human neurons to examine mechanisms and potential therapies for AD.
Clinical Management of Pregnancy Complications in the Cow

Vandeplassche noted that even if uterine instability is accepted as a cause of torsions up to 180°, it does not explain those torsions of 360° or more. I concur with this statement and would argue that although uterine instability and all the other predisposing factors may be involved in the development of uterine torsion, there must be some active force which is present in the first stage of labor. It has been proposed that strong fetal movements during parturition may increase the chances of a uterine torsion occurring. First stage labor is associated with particularly vigorous fetal movements presumably invoked by the myometrial contractions and subsequent changes in intra-uterine pressure and fetal blood flow. I believe that it is not so much the violence of the fetal movements as it is the size of the fetus involved. Our data strongly suggests that fetal size is a major factor in the development of uterine torsion. In the normal parturient process the fetus is able to rotate and flex its limbs within the confines of the uterine walls. It is possible that in cases with oversized fetuses the fetal limbs actually catch on the uterine wall and the continued vigorous movements rotate the entire uterus. Although the incidence ofleft side torsions correlates well with the expected incidence of right horn pregnancies, it is interesting to postulate that the preponderance of left side torsions may actually be due the limbs of a large fetus bracing against the rumen wall and "walking'' the uterus down to the left. Another potential traction point is the strong prepubic tendon directly below the uterus. An alternate explanation is that right side torsions may often self-correct. However, if a left side torsion develops, the uterus may become trapped by the rumen. Uterine torsion is ultimately of fetal origin, and there is no evidence to suggest that an affected animal is predisposed to the condition in subsequent pregnancies.
Reducing misperceptions through news stories with data visualization: The role of readers’ prior knowledge and prior beliefs:

Amid the global discussion on ways to fight misinformation, journalists have been writing stories with graphical representations of data to expose misperceptions and provide readers with more accur...
Macrophages, Metabolites, and Nucleosomes: Chromatin at the Intersection between Aging and Inflammation.

Inflammation is the body’s means of defense against harmful stimuli, with the ultimate aim being to restore homeostasis. Controlled acute inflammation transiently activates an immune response and can be beneficial as protection against infection or injury. However, dysregulated inflammatory responses, including chronic inflammation, disrupt the immune system’s ability to maintain homeostatic balance, leading to increased susceptibility to infection, continuous tissue damage, and dysfunction. Aging is a risk factor for chronic inflammation; their coincidence is termed “inflammaging”. Metabolic disorders including obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis are often encountered in old age. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanistic relationship between aging, chronic inflammation, and metabolism. It has been established that the expression of inflammatory mediators is transcriptionally and translationally regulated. In addition, the post-translational modification of the mediators plays a crucial role in the response to inflammatory signaling. Chromatin regulation responds to metabolic status and controls homeostasis. However, chromatin structure is also changed by aging. In this review, we discuss the functional contributions of chromatin regulation to inflammaging.
An assessment of criteria of fit in Patterson search

The problem of reliably detecting a known set ofn vectors of weight wi embedded in a heavily overlapped Patterson function Pi is investigated by a Monte-Carlo simulation based on searches of computer-generated random number sequences. Several formulations of the criterion of fit were compared. All were found to improve when the criterion was based on a subset of m “worst fitting” vectors as judged by a low value of (Pi/wi). The best criteria were Σ i = 1 m (wiPi)/Σ i =1 m w i 2 , withm ≈ (0.4−0.5)n, Σ i 1/m wi, withm ≈ 0.3n, and Σ i=1 m (wiPi) withm ≈ 0.7n. In each case the detectability of the embedded vectors wi increases with increasing Σ(w) in relation to Σ(N), the standard deviation of the overlaid noise. A related simulation of a Patterson search for non-crystallographic symmetry shows that for a given size of the non-crystallographically symmetric region, the detectability increases with the order (2-fold, 6-fold, 12-fold) of the symmetry.
Dual frequency microwave radiometer measurements of soil moisture for bare and vegetated rough surfaces

Controlled ground-based passive microwave radiometric measurements on soil moisture were conducted to determine the effects of terrain surface roughness and vegetation on microwave emission. Theoretical predictions were compared with the experimental results and with some recent airborne radiometric measurements. The relationship of soil moisture to the permittivity for the soil was obtained in the laboratory. A dual frequency radiometer, 1.41356 GHz and 10.69 GHz, took measurements at angles between 0 and 50 degrees from an altitude of about fifty feet. Distinct surface roughnesses were studied. With the roughness undisturbed, oats were later planted and vegetated and bare field measurements were compared. The 1.4 GHz radiometer was less affected than the 10.6 GHz radiometer, which under vegetated conditions was incapable of detecting soil moisture. The bare surface theoretical model was inadequate, although the vegetation model appeared to be valid. Moisture parameters to correlate apparent temperature with soil moisture were compared.
Relating the compensational stacking of debris-flow fans to characteristics of their underlying stratigraphy: Implications for geologic hazard assessment and mitigation

Abstract Compensational stacking is the tendency for sediment transport systems to fill topographic lows through avulsion. This article quantitatively relates, for the first time, compensational stacking patterns within debris fans to characteristics of their internal stratigraphy and discusses implications to geologic hazard assessment and mitigation. Three exceptionally well-exposed debris fans were selected in Colorado for quantitative stratigraphic analyses. In each fan, the cross-sectional stratigraphy was subdivided into discrete depositional units (debris-flow and stream-flow deposits). The bounding surfaces between the depositional units were used to analyze the compensation index (κcv) of the fans, which is a measure of their compensational or avulsion tendencies. In the measured datasets, κcv ranged from 0.63 to 1.03. Values close to 0.5 represent intermediate levels of compensation, whereas values approaching 1.0 reflect high levels of compensation. The compensational values (κcv) were statistically compared to some physical, observable characteristics of the fans including: (1) debris-flow size, (2) amount of stream-flow deposits, (3) debris-flow composition, and (4) longitudinal position on the fan. These parameters correlated, either positively or negatively, to κcv, supporting their use as proxies for assessing the degree of compensational stacking in settings where large-scale cross-sections of a fan are unavailable. Such empirical results can be used by geologists and engineers for avoidance and mitigation measures of land use on debris fans.
Interaction of amines and some nickel (II) Schiff-base compounds—I: Amine exchange

Abstract The scope of in situ preparations of nickel (II) Schiff-base compounds is considered with respect to nickel (II) ion, substituted salicylaldehydes, and various amines, and effectiveness of the method is discussed with respect to preparation of the Schiff-base ligands and nickel (II) Schiff-base compounds. Amine exchange as a method of preparation is discussed and compared with the method of direct amine addition to bis(salicylaldehydo)nickel (II). Some new Schiff-base compounds of nickel (II) are reported and characterized. Several examples of anomalous amine exchange are described which involve dehalogenation of chloroform solvent.
Spin polarization. Part. I—Rest frame polarization states

The restrictions imposed by space-time reflection symmetries on the maximum number of real parameters determining a coherent as well as an incoherent mixture of positive-mass one-particle spin states are considered. The decomposition of the rest frame spin-density operator into multipole components is used extensively. A relation expressing the polarization multipole operator components of arbitrary rank in terms of the first-rank operator components has been derived. The maximum number of measurements necessary to specify a spindensity operator exhibiting discrete space-time symmetries and the corresponding restrictions on the multipole expansions which are invariant under these symmetry operations are obtained. For some discrete space-time symmetries there exist no nontrivial half-integral spin states. Massless particles and massive particles in arbitrary Lorentz frames as well as relativistic spin polarization for multiparticle states will be dealt with in a future communication which is now under preparation.
SPICE: A New Framework for Data Mining based on Probability Logic and Formal Concept Analysis

Formal concept analysis and probability logic are two useful tools for data analysis. Data is usually represented as a two-dimensional context of objects and features. FCA discovers dependencies within the data based on the relation among objects and features. On the other hand, the probability logic represents and reasons with both statistical and propositional probability among data. We propose SPICE - Symbolic integration of Probability Inference and Concept Extraction, which provides a more flexible and robust framework for data mining tasks. Within SPICE, we formalize the important notions of data mining, such as concepts and patterns, and develop new notions such as maximal potentially useful patterns. In this paper, we formalize the association rule mining in SPICE and propose an enhanced rule mining approach, called SPICE association rule mining, to solve the problem of time inefficiency and rule redundancy in general association rule mining. We show an application of the SPICE approach in the Geo-spatial Decision Support System (GDSS). The experimental results show that SPICE can efficiently and effectively discover a succinct set of interesting association rules.
Altered pharmacology of native rodent spinal cord TRPV1 after phosphorylation.

Background and Purpose Evidence suggests that phosphorylation of TRPV1 is an important component underlying its aberrant activation in pathological pain states. To date, the detailed pharmacology of diverse TRPV1 receptor agonists and antagonists has yet to be reported for native TRPV1 under phosphorylating conditions. Our goal was to optimize a relatively high-throughput methodology to allow pharmacological characterization of the native TRPV1 receptor using a spinal cord neuropeptide release assay under naive and phosphorylating states. Experimental Approach Herein, we describe characterization of rodent TRPV1 by measurement of CGRP release from acutely isolated lumbar (L1-L6) spinal cord using a 96-well technique that combines use of native, adult tissue with quantitation of CGRP release by elisa. Key Results We have studied a diverse panel of TRPV1 agonists and antagonists under basal and phosphorylating conditions. We show that TRPV1-mediated CGRP release is evoked, in a temperature-dependent manner, by a PKC activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu); and that treatment with PDBu increases the potency and efficacy of known TRPV1 chemical agonists, in an agonist-specific manner. We also show that the pharmacological profile of diverse TRPV1 antagonists is dependent on whether the stimulus is PDBu or capsaicin. Of note, HPPB was identified as an antagonist of capsaicin-evoked, but a potentiator of PDBu-evoked, CGRP release. Conclusions and Implications Our findings indicate that both TRPV1 agonist and antagonist profiles can be differentially altered by PKC activation. These findings may offer new insights for targeting TRPV1 in pain states.
The Framing Hypothesis: Is It Supported by Credit Card Issuer Opposition to a Surcharge on a Cash Price?

In the spring of 1984 the American Express Company mailed to 8 of its 13 million card holders an elaborate appeal urging them to send a card to their Congressman urging an extension of the then existing federal ban on credit card surcharges-additional charges imposed by the seller on purchases made with the use of a credit card. Some three million pieces of mail opposing surcharges were subsequently received on Capitol Hill.1 Federal law has, however, permitted cash discounts-a reduction from the price allowed by the seller on purchases made by cash rather than made with the use of a credit card. To that American Express made no objection. Since a discount for cash is the equivalent of a surcharge for the use of a credit card, the American Express objection to the use of one but not the other seems puzzling. Why would American Express be more concerned about a surcharge for credit card use than a discount for cash? One scholar who had offered an answer to that question a few years earlier is Richard Thaler (39). He says: