cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Ergot Alkaloid Ergovaline in Tall Fescue Seed and Straw Using a QuEChERS Extraction Method with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection.

Ergovaline is an ergot alkaloid produced by the symbiotic endophyte Epichloe coenophiala, which can colonize varieties of the cool-season grass tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). It is the principle toxicant responsible for the vasoconstrictive and reproductive sequelae seen in "fescue toxicosis" in livestock which consume forage exceeding the threshold of toxicity established for this compound. A new method for extraction of ergovaline from tall fescue seed and straw was optimized and validated, on the basis of the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method, with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. Fourteen extraction solvents were tested; 2.1 mM ammonium carbonate/acetonitrile (50/50, v/v) had the highest and most consistent recovery (91-101%). Linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, accuracy,and intra- and interday precisions for tall fescue seed and straw were 100-3500 μg/kg, 37 and 30 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg, 98%, 3.0 and 1.6%, and 3.8 and 1.0%, respectively. When the currently used solid-phase extraction (SPE) and QuEChERS methods were applied to 17 tall fescue straw samples, there was good agreement (correlation coefficient 0.9978). The QuEChERS method achieved the goals of eliminating chlorinated solvents and developing a fast, efficient, reliable method for quantitating ergovaline in tall fescue forage that can be applied in a high-throughput food safety laboratory.
vfTLP-VTH: A new method for quantifying the effectiveness of ESD protection for the CDM classification test

Abstract A new methodology for quantifying the effectiveness of CDM protection circuits and CDM robustness of I/O circuits is presented in this paper. This method, referred to as the vfTLP-V TH , consists of applying vfTLP stresses to test structures composed of the ESD protection and the device or circuit to be protected: a MOS device or a MOS inverter. The protected structures are used as monitors and shifts in their characteristics, such as MOS threshold voltage V TH and saturation current I DD , are used to probe device failure criteria.
Cardiovascular correlates of type A behavior components during social interaction

This study examined the cardiovascular (CV) correlates of the primary Type A behavior components during social interactions. Brief dialogues were created to role-play (RP) stereotypic Type A and Type B ways of responding to three common social situations designed to elicit hostility (H), time-urgency (T), and competition (C). Situations and dialogues were validated by independent raters. Thirty undergraduate students were identified as Type A and 30 as Type B, with 15 males and 15 females in each group. Subjects were provided scripts for each of the six experimental RPs and rehearsed them prior to the CV assessment. Measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and heart-rate (HR) were obtained during an adaptation period and during each RP. Analyses of the "A" (i.e. H, T, C) versus "B" (i.e. non-H, non-T, non-C) RPs indicated that DBP (p less than 0.03) and HR (p less than 0.002) were higher during the H as compared with non-H RP. Significantly higher SBP was observed in the T as compared with the non-T RP (p less than 0.04). No CV differences were observed in the comparison of the C and non-C RPs. Analyses comparing the three "Type A" RPs revealed higher SBP during H and T RPs, as compared with the C RP (p less than 0.003). Effects of subject Type (i.e. A/B) were not obtained in any analysis. These findings indicate that hostile and time-urgent social interactions are associated with significant increases in CV arousal which are independent of overall Type status.
ANOTHER ROUND OF GLOBALIZATION IN SAN FRANCISCO

San Francisco has a long experience with global markets, conquest, migration, and competition. Hurtled onto the world stage by the Gold Rush, the city rode high before being squeezed by the development of laggard regions around the Pacific Basin. The first opening produced San Francisco's leap forward and initial industrialization, but limits to imperial ambitions forced local capital to intensify the development of California. This turned out well, as the region built up a stronger base of production before being propelled again to the global forefront by wars in the Pacific. After another long ride on the roller coaster of globalization, the Bay Area finds itself facing new and severe challenges. This has led to a turning inward once more, but always with an eye on outside markets and investments and a hand out to welcome global labor, capital, and tourists to California.
The influence of hydrogen on the aggregation of aminomethylidyne on Pt(111)

Abstract The coadsorption of aminomethylidyne (CNH2) and hydrogen on Pt(111) has been studied with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Previous work has shown that when a clean Pt(111) surface is exposed to HCN at temperatures of 240–350 K, the HCN reacts to produce the CNH2 species along with adsorbed CN. The IR spectra at intermediate CNH2 coverages show that three different forms of the CNH2 species are present on the surface; form 1 are isolated CNH2 monomers, form 2 are CNH2 molecules with only one of the NH bonds participating in a hydrogen bond to neighboring molecules, and form 3 are CNH2 molecules with both NH bonds involved in hydrogen bonding. Results are presented here demonstrating that the dominant effect of coadsorbed hydrogen is to alter the relative amounts of the three forms of CNH2, rather than to increase the amount of CNH2 through hydrogenation of surface CN, which occurs to only a limited extent.
Food Safety Training Needs Exist for Staff and Consumers in a Variety of Community-Based Homes for People with Developmental Disabilities

Abstract Objective To determine staff and consumer-focused food safety training needs in community-based homes for people with developmental disabilities as well as dietitians' perceptions of food-handling practices in these homes. Design Direct-care staff and dietitians were surveyed according to a modified Dillman method using a mailed, self-administered questionnaire. Main outcome measures included food-handling knowledge, attitudes, and practices of staff and consumers as reported by staff and dietitians; critical control points in safe food preparation in the homes based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system; and learning preferences of staff and consumers. Subjects A 10% probability sample of direct-care staff in homes for people with developmental disabilities in western Massachusetts and a nonprobability sample of dietitians who work with this population were surveyed. Results are reported from 132 and 18 respondents, respectively. Statistical analyses performed Descriptive statistics, χ 2 statistic, and the Fisher's exact test. Results Staff knowledge of safe food preparation is lacking in several areas, including storage and handling procedures. Although staff and consumers do not always follow safe food-handling practices, the staff reported that they follow recommended food-handling practices more often than the dietitians reported they do. Most staff and dietitians reported that staff and consumers had never attended a food safety training program, but that all of the critical control points surveyed would be somewhat helpful if they were included in a food safety workshop. Applications A food safety training program would be beneficial for staff and consumers. Programs should be geared to staff and include ideas and materials for consumers. Consumer modules could then be adapted to individual learning levels by direct-care staff in the homes. The Safe Food at Home workshop was developed on the basis of the results of this study and incorporates the approaches described in this article.
Teleomechanism and Darwin’s Theory

Karl Ernst von Baer was a proud Estonian nobleman. He was not easily provoked into controversy. In 1827, for instance, he had made one of the most important discoveries in the history of embryology. But when the Deutsche Naturforscher und Artzte assembled a few months later in September of 1828 not a single one of the older biologists mentioned his work on the mammalian ovum. Von Baer sent a copy of his monograph to the Prussian minister, von Altenstein, who sent a reply congratulating him on having rediscovered the ovum. As he later reported in his autobiography von Baer was mortally offended by these displays of ignorance and professional jealousy.1 But he did not take his revenge, as he might have, by demeaning the work of others. That was not his style. Rather, without ever once publicly venting his anger and frustration, he simply shut the door of his laboratory in Konigsberg and departed for St. Petersburg, never again to consider an appointment in a Prussian university. That wound festered for six years — until 1834 — before von Baer finally decided to leave.
Risk stratification in chest pain patients undergoing nuclear stress testing: the Erlanger Stress Score.

Background: Studies have individually reported the relationship of age, cardiac risk factors, and history of preexisting coronary artery disease (CAD) for predicting acute coronary syndromes in chest pain patients undergoing cardiac stress testing. In this study, we investigate the interplay of all these factors on the incidence of acute coronary syndromes to develop a tool that may assist physicians in the selection of appropriate chest pain patients for stress testing. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired database of consecutive chest pain patients undergoing nuclear stress testing. Backward stepwise logistic regression was used to develop a model for predicting risk of 30-day acute coronary events (ACE) using information obtained from age, sex, cardiac risk factors, and history of preexisting CAD. Results: A total of 800 chest pain patients underwent nuclear stress testing. ACE occurred in 74 patients (9.3%). Logistic regression analysis found only 6 factors predictive of ACE: age, male sex, preexisting CAD, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of this model for predicting ACE was 0.767 (95% confidence interval, 0.719–0.815). There were no cases of ACE in the 173 patients with predicted probability estimates ≤2.5% (95% confidence interval, 0%–2.1%). Conclusions: A regression model using age, sex, preexisting CAD, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia is predictive of 30-day ACE in chest pain patients undergoing nuclear stress testing. Prospective studies need to be performed to determine whether this model can assist physicians in the selection of appropriate low-to-intermediate risk chest pain patients for nuclear stress testing.
Antireflection Coating Design for Series Interconnected Multi-Junction Solar Cells

AR coating design for multi-junction solar cells can be more challenging than in the single junction case. Reasons for this are discussed. Analytical expressions used to optimize AR coatings for single junction solar cells are extended for use in monolithic, series interconnected multi-junction solar cell AR coating design. The result is an analytical expression which relates the solar cell performance (through J{sub SC}) directly to the AR coating design through the device reflectance. It is also illustrated how AR coating design can be used to provide an additional degree of freedom for current matching multi-junction devices.
Human Bone Marrow: A Reservoir for “Enhanced Effector Memory” CD8+ T Cells with Potent Recall Function

The role of human bone marrow (BM) CD8+ T cells in the immune response to viral Ags is poorly defined. We report here the identification and characterization of a functionally enhanced effector memory CD8+ T cell population (TEM) in the BM of patients undergoing total joint replacement for osteoarthritis. These BM-derived TEM differ strikingly from correlate cells in peripheral blood (PB), expressing elevated levels of CD27, HLA-DR, CD38, CD69, and unique patterns of chemokine receptors. Interestingly, while BM TEM have low levels of resting perforin and granzyme B, these molecules evidence profound up-regulation in response to TCR stimulation resulting in enhanced cytotoxic potential. Moreover, compared with the TEM subset in PB, BM CD8+ TEM cells demonstrate a more vigorous recall response to pooled viral Ags. Our results reveal that human BM serves as a repository for viral Ag-specific TEM with great therapeutic potential in vaccine development.
Designing SWORD--SoftWare for Optimization of Radiation Detectors

The software for the optimization of radiation detectors (SWORD) is an integrated system (based on MCNPX [Pelowitz, DB, 2005] and GEANT4 [Agostinelli, S, et al., 2003] 3D Monte Carlo radiation transport codes) useful for the optimization of high energy radiation detection systems. A set of usable sample inputs and analysis algorithms are integrated into the system. Sample inputs include special nuclear material (SNM) targets, nuisance sources, and industrial and marine backgrounds. Analysis algorithms include spectroscopy and imaging for coded aperture detectors and Compton imagers. The system is designed from the start to be easy to use and to be deployable to detector design and system architecture study groups who are its ultimate users.
Safer Roads Owing to Higher Gasoline Prices: How Long It Takes.

Objectives. We investigated how much time passes before gasoline price changes affect traffic crashes.Methods. We systematically examined 2004 to 2012 Mississippi traffic crash data by age, gender, and race. Control variables were unemployment rate, seat belt use, alcohol consumption, climate, and temporal and seasonal variations.Results. We found a positive association between higher gasoline prices and safer roads. Overall, gasoline prices affected crashes 9 to 10 months after a price change. This finding was generally consistent across age, gender, and race, with some exceptions. For those aged 16 to 19 years, gasoline price increases had an immediate (although statistically weak) effect and a lagged effect, but crashes involving those aged 25 to 34 years was seemingly unaffected by price changes. For older individuals (≥ 75 years), the lagged effect was stronger and lasted longer than did that of other age groups.Conclusions. The results have important health policy implications for using gasoline pri...
Predictability of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Myofascial Pain-Dysfunction (MPD) Syndrome

Responses to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were used to develop a 29-item scale designed to predict the treatment outcome of 135 patients with Myofascial Pain-Dysfunction (MPD) Syndrome. The results suggested that a single scale to predict treatment outcome would be ineffective due to the absence of consistent personality differences in MPD patients.
Stroke subtypes among young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Purpose Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with premature atherosclerosis, vasculitis, coagulopathy, and excessive incidence of stroke, especially among young patients. Little is known about subtypes of stroke in lupus. Methods A 20% sample of all the hospitalizations in the United States in the years 2001 and 2002 (N ∼ 15 million) were analyzed to identify hospitalizations of young patients (age ≤50 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus (n=25704). Proportions of hospitalization for stroke subtypes were compared between the lupus group and the general population group. Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios for stroke were calculated with logistic regression models. Results In the lupus group, there were 313 hospitalizations for stroke of which 206 hospitalizations had stroke as the primary diagnosis. Age- and sex-adjusted stroke risk was higher among the lupus group (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3-1.8). Patients with lupus had higher risk for all stroke subtypes except in subarachnoid hemorrhage in which a trend toward a lower risk was observed (odds ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.96). Although 12.3% (n=38) of stroke admissions in the lupus group resulted in in-hospital death, this case fatality rate was not statistically different from that for stroke in the general population group. Conclusions Stroke is an important poor outcome in young patients with lupus. Compared with the general population, patients with lupus are more likely to be hospitalized for the risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. The risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage, however, seems to be lower in patients with lupus.
Incorporating cell map information in fuzzy controller design

Cell mapping is a powerful mechanism for evaluating the global behavior of nonlinear dynamical systems. A cell map conveys direct information about system dynamics, including the regions of stability, the set of controllable initial states and system trajectories. This paper shows how cell map information can be incorporated in a genetic algorithm for tuning fuzzy controller parameters. The resulting fuzzy controller exhibits superior performance to controllers designed using conventional techniques. It has near time-optimal characteristics with maximal stability and controllability. >
Intracarotid injection of fluorescence activated cell-sorted CD49d-positive neural stem cells improves targeted cell delivery and behavior after stroke in a mouse stroke model.

Background and Purpose— Intravascular delivery of neural stem cells (NSCs) after stroke has been limited by the low efficiency of transendothelial migration. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is an endothelial adhesion molecule known to be upregulated early after stroke and is responsible for the firm adhesion of inflammatory cells expressing the surface integrin, CD49d. We hypothesize that enriching for NSCs that express CD49d and injecting them into the carotid artery would improve targeted cell delivery to the injured brain. Methods— Mouse NSCs were analyzed for the expression of CD49d by fluorescence activated cell sorting. A CD49d-enriched (CD49d+) (>95%) and -depleted (CD49d−; <5%) NSC population was obtained by cell sorting. C57/Bl6 mice underwent left-sided hypoxia–ischemia surgery and were assigned to receive 3×105 CD49d+, CD49d− NSCs, or vehicle injection into the left common carotid artery 48 hours after stroke. Behavioral recovery was measured using a rotarod for 2 weeks after cell injection. ...
A commentary on the pathogenesis of pertussis

In recent years a great deal of information has been generated on the virulence factors produced by Bordetella pertussis, the regulation of their expression, and their molecular mechanisms of action. There are numerous studies of Bordetella virulence factors and strains of B. pertussis in which the genes for some of these components have been mutated or deleted. In addition, several acellular vaccines composed of these virulence factors have been developed, tested, and licensed for use in the prevention of pertussis. Nevertheless, there exists little information specifically on the pathogenesis of the disease process caused by B. pertussis in humans, and such data are necessary for adequate understanding and treatment of this novel infectious disease.
Using prisons to stimulate demographic change: Understanding one community's concerns

This research note summarizes preliminary findings of a study that was motivated by a concern of a local African American community group. The general impression within this community is that a rural prison siting increases the non-white population within the area and that this increase This research note summarizes a study that examined county level data to determine the effect of a prison on the growth of the African American population. Does situating a prison in a community result in greater than average minority population growth? While many studies have addressed the effect that a prison siting has on the local economy and the demographics of the prison population, to date there is little research to examine whether or not a prison siting might actually change a community’s racial and ethnic makeup. This study was undertaken at the request of a community group that questioned the consequences of this trend to site prisons in predominantly white rural areas. The speculation is that if increased minority residents lead to improved economic outcomes, this will motivate the siting of more prisons and the incarceration of more minorities as a result. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2009 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]
The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5.

The sodium/glucose cotransporter family (SLCA5) has 220 or more members in animal and bacterial cells. There are 11 human genes expressed in tissues ranging from epithelia to the central nervous system. The functions of nine have been revealed by studies using heterologous expression systems: six are tightly coupled plasma membrane Na+/substrate cotransporters for solutes such as glucose, myo-inositol and iodide; one is a Na+/Cl−/choline cotransporter; one is an anion transporter; and another is a glucose-activated ion channel. The exon organization of eight genes is similar in that each comprises 14–15 exons. The choline transporter (CHT) is encoded in eight exons and the Na+-dependent myo-inositol transporter (SMIT) in one exon. Mutations in three genes produce genetic diseases (glucose-galactose malabsorption, renal glycosuria and hypothyroidism). Members of this family are multifunctional membrane proteins in that they also behave as uniporters, urea and water channels, and urea and water cotransporters. Consequently it is a challenge to determine the role(s) of these genes in human physiology and pathology.
A Special Population of Regulatory T Cells Potentiates Muscle Repair

Long recognized to be potent suppressors of immune responses, Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are being rediscovered as regulators of nonimmunological processes. We describe a phenotypically and functionally distinct population of Treg cells that rapidly accumulated in the acutely injured skeletal muscle of mice, just as invading myeloid-lineage cells switched from a proinflammatory to a proregenerative state. A Treg population of similar phenotype accumulated in muscles of genetically dystrophic mice. Punctual depletion of Treg cells during the repair process prolonged the proinflammatory infiltrate and impaired muscle repair, while treatments that increased or decreased Treg activities diminished or enhanced (respectively) muscle damage in a dystrophy model. Muscle Treg cells expressed the growth factor Amphiregulin, which acted directly on muscle satellite cells in vitro and improved muscle repair in vivo. Thus, Treg cells and their products may provide new therapeutic opportunities for wound repair and muscular dystrophies.
Effects of a Multifaceted Minimal-Lift Environment for Nursing Staff: Pilot Results

Nursing staff are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries because of the physical nature of patient handling. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a multifaceted minimal-lift environment on reported equipment use, musculoskeletal injury rates, and workers' compensation costs for patient-handling injuries. The pilot study consists of a mixed measures design, with both descriptive and quasi-experimental design elements. The intervention consists of engineering (minimal-lift equipment), administrative (nursing policy), and behavioral (peer coach program) controls. The comparison nursing unit has received engineering controls only. The convenience sample includes nursing staff employed on two medical-surgical nursing units, who provide direct patient care at least 50% of the time. Nursing staff employed in a multifaceted lift environment report greater lift equipment use and experience less injury, with reduced worker's compensation costs.
A novel distributed destination routing-based Availability-Aware provisioning framework for differentiated protection services in optical mesh networks

In optical mesh networks, different protection schemes can be used to satisfy the service availability against network failures. However, in order to satisfy a connectionpsilas service-availability requirement in a distributed controlled WDM with dynamic traffic and no wavelength converters, we need a framework to manage the provisioning process and to select a proper protection scheme. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed Availability-Aware provisioning framework based on intelligent destination routing to assign and manage the working and the protection paths as well as their wavelength(s) of each connection. Our proposed framework probes the k most reliable paths in parallel. The probing technique used in this framework is the first probing technique that probes each path as both a candidate working path and a candidate shared protection path at the same time. Moreover, we propose to use connection availability as a metric for providing differentiated protection services in WDM mesh networks. Based on the availability information collected, our provisioning strategy selects an appropriate level of protection to each connection. The effectiveness of our provisioning approaches is demonstrated through simulation results.
G1 Interpolation using Piecewise Quadric and Cubic Surfaces

Algorithms are presented for constructing G' continuous meshes of degree two (quadric) and degree three (cubic) implicitly defined, piecewise algebraic surfaces, which exactly fit any given collection of points and algebraic space curves, of arbitrary degree. A combination of techniques are used from computational algebraic geometry and numerical approximation theory which reduces the problem to solving coupled systems of linear equations and low degree, polynomial equations.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Revisitando o impasse euclidiano à luz do ensaio

This current paper intends to readdress the “Euclidean impasse” about Rebellion in the Backlands´ literary genre. I argue that the key terms of this debate (if Rebellion in the Backlands would be a work of science or literature, sociology or fiction) are formulated resorting to the wrong theoretical framework. I also contend that the understanding of the literary genre to which Rebellion in the Backlands pertains will become more clear when the essay enters into the forefront of the debate. The essay was the most original genre of Brazilian public sphere throughout the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, when there were no universities and literature still played a central role in Brazilian culture. The essay, mixing an eclectic use of science and literary imagination, mobilized many dictions, styles and a plethora of scientific disciplines in order to undertake a new approach on Brazilian reality (the REVISTA LETRAS, CURITIBA, N. 73, P. 11-28, SET./DEZ. 2007. EDITORA UFPR. 27 MELO, A. C. REVISITANDO O IMPASSE EUCLIDIANO A LUZ DO ENSAIO cognitive dimension) and invoke Brazilians to solve the problems of the Nation (the proposing dimension). Although it cannot be considered a work of neither science nor fiction, Rebellion in the Backlands employs those instances to interpellate Brazilians to reexamine the core of nationality. The pragmatics of this aforementioned work lies on its interpellating appeal, which is the main function of the essay within Brazilian culture. We conclude that the classificatory dichotomy between science and literature is unsatisfactory to understand the importance the work of Euclides da Cunha had in Brazilian Culture and that the discussions about the genre of Rebellion in the Backlands must focus on the essay.
Case report of a double spontaneous rupture: Quadriceps tendon and contralateral Achilles tendon

Introduction Uni- or bilateral quadriceps tendon ruptures are rare (1.37/100,000 person-years), those of the Achilles tendon are more common (21.5/100,000 person-years). To our knowledge, concomitant combination of these two ruptures has not been reported in the literature. This case reports a spontaneous rupture of quadriceps tendon and of Achilles contralateral tendon. Observation 54 years, athletic patient without comorbidity, known for a ruptured left quadriceps tendon two years ago. During a ski descent, he presents a complete spontaneous rupture of the right quadriceps tendon and partial rupture of the left Achilles tendon, both repaired surgically. A stationary environment rehabilitation allowed a full recovery. Discussion Risk factors known in the literature for these tendon ruptures [1] , [2] (age, certain medications, anabolic steroids, certain systemic diseases, obesity, corticosteroid injections, static disorders in the knee or ankle, previous surgery) have not been found for this patient. The usually described triggers mechanisms could be found in this case (eccentric quadriceps contraction, sudden contraction of the sural triceps), occurring on tendons potentially weakened by repetitive microtrauma caused by intensive sport. However, this double spontaneous rupture and the previous rupture of the contralateral quadriceps tendon 2 years ago are suggestive of tendon abnormalities. In case of repetition, an histological analysis of the ruptured tendon could be achieved to assess the organization and structure of collagen fibers, tenocytes and microvascularization [3] . The search for a COL5A1 polymorphism also seems interesting because it has been associated with spontaneous tendon ruptures [3] , [4] .
PELVIC SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN A METATHERIAN, DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR EUTHERIANS

Eutherians give birth to relatively large infants. Females have larger pelves than males, though males typically have larger nonpelvic bones. Pelvic dimorphism is an adaptation for parturition. Metatherian females, who give birth to markedly small infants, should not show pelvic adaptations for parturition and should have smaller pelves than males. Adult females and males of the Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana, are compared. Males are significantly larger than females in absolute size for 14 of 16 pelvic and 8 nonpelvic measures. Sexes did not differ significantly for lower iliac length and posterior space of midplane. However, relative lengths for females are significantly larger than for males for these 2 measures and for the pubis. These pelvic dimorphisms in opossums cannot be adaptations for parturition. These dimorphisms result from asynchrony among skeletal elements in growth cessation and sexual differences in adulthood growth.
Surgical treatment of pediatric moyamoya disease

Cerebral ischemia is a well-recognized cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. Moyamoya disease, first described in 1957 by Takeuchi and Shimizu, is an idiopathic chronic vasculopathy that often presents with ischemia. Moyamoya syndrome presents with similar clinical manifestations and disease progression but may occur unilaterally or in the setting of a predisposing condition. Both direct and indirect revascularization procedures have proven to be efficacious for pediatric moyamoya patients.
Identification of a tumor-specific methylation site in the Wilms tumor suppressor gene

Malignant mesothelioma is one of the very few extra-renal neoplasms in which the Wilms tumor suppressor gene (wt1) is expressed. We examined wt1 for alterations in rat mesotheliomas, a well characterized animal model for the human disease. Southern analysis revealed a 3.5 kb EcoRI wt1 fragment readily detectable in majority of mesothelioma cell lines and primary mesotheliomas but not in normal rat tissues. Cloning and sequencing of this fragment revealed that the presence of this EcoRI fragment resulted from an in-ability of this enzyme to cut at a EcoRI site in intron 1 of wt1. This site contains potential motifs for cytosine methylation and treatment of mesothelioma cells with 5-azadeoxycytosine restored the normal EcoRI digestion pattern of wt1 in these cells indicating that cleavage was inhibited by methylation at this site. Southern analysis using HpaII/MspI digestion revealed no differences in methylation between mesothelioma cell lines and normal mesothelium at other CpG sites in wt1 5′ region. Renal cell carcinoma lines which did not express wt1 were also methylated at this EcoRI site. Our identification of a site frequently methylated in malignant cells, independent of gene expression, provides a new model system to study determinants of site-specific methylation in tumors.
Cross-Disciplinary Applications of I/O Psychology Concepts: Predicting Student Retention and Employee Turnover:

Two survey investigations conducted over a 2-year period serve as a case study illustrating how research that crosses disciplinary boundaries can shed light on current conceptual and methodological...
Effects of drug dose, volume, and concentration on spinal anesthesia with isobaric tetracaine.

Background and Objectives Factors governing the spread of local anesthetic in the subarachnoid space have been controversial because of failure to consider the drug related and physical factors. Most studies of isobaric spinal anesthesia in the literature were made using plain bupivacaine which is slightly hypobaric. In this study the effects of drug dose, volume, and concentration were investigated employing isobaric tetracaine (IT). Methods One hundred twenty patients were randomly allocated to four groups to receive IT diluted to appropriate concentrations with cerebrospinal fluid. Drugs were administered in lateral position at L3-4 level, with the patient remaining horizontal (supine) during the study. Neural block was assessed by pinprick and the Bromage scale. Except for the factor under investigation, identical techniques were used. Results Data indicated that volume was the immediate major factor affecting the extent of spread reflected by the significant difference in peak levels between group 1 and group 2 patients. When volume remained constant, increasing dose (mass) concomitantly increased concentration resulting in a faster onset, longer block, and a higher peak level. However, this effect was not prominent and often limited as increasing the dose from 15 mg to 20 mg had no significant effect on the peak levels in group 3 and group 4 patients. Conclusions In IT spinal anesthesia, the role of baricity/posture interaction no longer exists, the volume appears the most significant factor by simple bulk displacement or area of contact. Next in significance is the dosage. Increased dose in the same volume implies an increase in concentration that results in faster onset and longer duration and, to a less extent, the peak level.
Abstract B1-58: Computational modeling provides new insights into KRAS mutant-specific responses to targeted therapy

Emerging data suggest different activating Ras mutants may have different biological behaviors. The most striking example may be in colon cancer, where activating KRAS mutations generally indicate a lack of benefit to treatment with cetuximab, with the activating KRAS G13D mutation an apparent exception. It is unclear why patients with KRAS G13D would respond to cetuximab; KRAS G13D shares the same general biochemical defects as the other oncogenic KRAS mutants. Here, a previously developed mathematical model of the biochemical reactions that regulate Ras signaling is used to investigate this problem. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether known mechanisms of Ras signaling allow similar, but different, Ras mutants to respond differently to the same inhibitor, and to determine if the known biochemical properties of the G13D Ras mutant are consistent with increased sensitivity to upstream inhibition. Computational analysis of the mathematical model finds that differential response to upstream inhibition between different Ras mutants is indeed consistent with known mechanisms of Ras biology. Moreover, modeling demonstrates that the subtle biochemical differences between the responsive G13D mutant and the non-responsive G12D and G12V mutants are sufficient to explain the different responses to cetuximab. Simulations further identify differences in wild-type Ras signaling as the key difference between the mutants. The analysis suggests the elevated K m for the Ras GAP reaction on the G13D mutant is the biochemical property that most contributes to differences in wild-type Ras signaling. The identification of a single parameter that influences sensitivity to a targeted therapy is significant in that it suggests an approach to evaluate other, less common, Ras mutations for their anticipated response to cetuximab. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Edward C. Stites. Computational modeling provides new insights into KRAS mutant-specific responses to targeted therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Computational and Systems Biology of Cancer; Feb 8-11 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 2):Abstract nr B1-58.
The impact of fault type on the relationship between code coverage and fault detection

Structural coverage criteria are commonly used to determine the adequacy of a test suite. However, studies investigating structural coverage and fault-finding capabilities have mixed results. Some studies have shown generating test suites to satisfy structural coverage criteria has a positive effect on finding faults, while other studies show the opposite. These mixed results indicate there are factors not yet known that affect the ability of test suites satisfying structural coverage criteria to find faults. In order to improve the fault-finding capabilities of test suites, it is essential to understand what factors are causing this variance. Unfortunately very little work has been done to investigate the variance observed in the relationship between structural coverage criteria and fault-finding capabilities. In this paper, we investigate one possible source of variation in the results observed: fault type. We provide an empirical study which narrows down the focus of the relationship between structural coverage and fault-finding capabilities by focusing on object-oriented bugs. Specifically, we investigated 26 different types of object-oriented faults and evaluated how effectively test suites with high coverage percentages were able to detect each type of fault. We found that a test suite's ability to find faults varied significantly according to the type of fault (ranging from a rate of 0% to 87.5% mutants detected per fault type. We also found there are particular types of faults that were consistently found less frequently across all object programs.
Renal oncocytoma arising from a renal cyst: a case report and review of the literature.

AbstractRenal oncocytoma accounts for approximately 3 to 4% of all solid renocortical tumors. An unusual case of renal oncocytoma arising from the wall of a simple renal cyst is reported and the literature is reviewed.
Psychiatric Nursing: Role of Nurses and Psychiatric Nurses

The psychiatric nurse’s role is today in an “identity crisis” (DeShouwer & Buerl, 1975). The crisis is being resolved, in different ways and at different speeds, in various countries. The emerging role of psychiatric nurses in the various countries is in relation to the developments in mental health as a field and to the social sciences as another source of explanatory theory relevant to mental health.
The mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase plays an anti‐apoptotic role in cardiomyocytes by regulating mitochondrial fission

Apoptosis plays a critical role in the development of myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocytes are enriched with mitochondria and excessive mitochondrial fission can trigger cellular apoptosis. Recently, the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL), localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, was reported to play an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism of its action remains uncertain. The present study was aimed at uncovering the role of MITOL in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our results showed that MITOL expression was up-regulated in cardiomyocytes in response to apoptotic stimulation. Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase overexpression blocked dynamin-related protein 1 accumulation in the mitochondria, and attenuated the mitochondrial fission induced by hydrogen peroxide. Conversely, MITOL knockdown sensitized cardiomyocytes to undergo mitochondrial fission, resulting in subsequent apoptosis. These findings suggest that MITOL plays a protective role against apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for apoptosis-related cardiac diseases.
The Peasant in Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl’s Sociological and Novelistic Writings: A Contribution to the Problem of Primitivism

(1940). The Peasant in Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl’s Sociological and Novelistic Writings. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 263-272.
Sequencing Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer diagnosed in men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the USA. While most cases are diagnosed in early stages, some will present as or progress to metastatic disease and eventually castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) which has a mortality rate exceeding 50 %. There are currently six approved systemic life-prolonging therapies for use in mCRPC, yet little data to guide sequencing. Clinical factors, including the presence or absence of symptoms and the presence or absence of visceral metastases, should help determine the best therapeutic choice at each treatment node. Those with asymptomatic bone-only disease could be considered for sipuleucel-T, abiraterone, enzalutamide, or docetaxel in the first-line setting. For symptomatic disease, docetaxel could be used or radium-223 if disease is only present in the bone. In the second-line setting, sipuleucel-T or radium-223 can be used in the appropriate clinical setting. Taxane chemotherapy could be used if a novel androgen-directed therapy was used in the first-line setting. Cabazitaxel, if docetaxel was previously used, should be considered. There is scarce data on best treatment options in the third-line setting. In general, we recommend alternating between androgen-targeting agents and taxane chemotherapy. Finally, consideration should be given to testing for the androgen receptor splice variant AR-V7, which may be a relevant treatment-specific biomarker to aid in the selection of androgen-targeting therapy versus chemotherapy at each treatment juncture. Mutation testing for DNA damage repair defects can also be considered, as such patients may benefit from investigational poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors or platinum-based chemotherapies. Several ongoing studies have been designed to answer some of these sequencing questions, including the biomarker questions, and will hopefully continue to inform us about rational therapy selection in mCRPC.
Investigation of responses of some apple (Mallus x domestica Borkh.) cultivars grafted on MM106 and M9 rootstocks to lime-induced chlorosis and oxidative stress

Abstract The response of dwarf (M9) and semi dwarf (MM106) clonal apple rootstocks and 5 apple cultivars [Granny Smith (GS), Fuji (F), Royal Gala (RG), Mondial Gala (MG) and Red Chief (RC)] grafted on these rootstocks to lime induced iron chlorosis and iron deficiency induced oxidative stress were investigated. Both rootstocks and cultivars were divided into two groups. One of the group were kept as control group. To the second group, to ensure the lime-induced chlorosis, bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ) was applied. Both groups were grown for two years in a pot experiment. The soil used in the experiment was a clay loam calcareous soil containing 70.9 g kg −1 lime. To evaluate the lime-induced chlorosis effects on both rootstocks and cultivars, accumulation of H 2 O 2 and membrane damage (MDA, lipid peroxidation), activities of catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) determined. Bicarbonate treatment reduced active and total Fe and total chlorophyll concentrations, and FCR (leaf ferric chelate reductase) activity while increased the MDA, H 2 O 2 , SOD and APX activity of cultivars and rootstocks in both years. These changes and the statistical significances of individual and combined effects of treatment and cultivar or rootstocks showed great differences among the cultivars and rootstocks. So B/C rates helped us to evaluate the tolerance to lime induced chlorosis of the cultivars and rootstocks. B/C referring Fe efficiency ratio calculated as the value for the bicarbonate treatment divided by that for the control for each parameter studied used for tolerance state of cultivars and rootstocks. According to B/C ratios calculated for active and total Fe, FCR, the MG and RG grafted on both rootstocks regarded as tolerant cultivars. In addition to this, the MM106 rootstock was more tolerant than the M9 rootstock under bicarbonate applied condition giving higher B/C ratio for active and total Fe, total chlorophyll, FCR and APX but lower MDA concentrations. It can be concluded that suitable cultivar-rootstock combinations is a good strategy to overcome Fe chlorosis in apple plants grown in calcareous soils.
Challenges in Chemical Mechanical Planarization defects of 7nm device and its improvement opportunities

CMP (Chemical Mechanical Planarization) defects are always one of the top yield detractors in IC (Integrated Circuit) devices since CMP processes have been applied in the semiconductor industry. Most of all, new structures and materials in 7nm devices make it challenging for CMP processes to meet device requirements. The CMP process obviously needs to control or contain not only the number of defects but also defect size in accordance with scaling speed. In this paper, the results of fundamental studies to elucidate CMP defects will be introduced and discussed as they pertain to 7nm devices. This paper will cover the phenomena and its research activities about atomic scale scratches, dishing control in uneven surface topography and surface defects with 7 nm logic device.
Interventional Oncology Service Development

Interventional oncology is rapidly expanding its suite of oncologic therapies, providing unique proven therapeutic benefits. To grow a practice alongside other oncology specialties, knowledge of cancer fundamentals is required. Areas of interest include methods to assess disease stage, treatment toxicity, and response. Additionally, techniques to leverage opportunities and resources available at one's institution toward practice development and efficiency will be reviewed.
Synthesis of Constrained nR Planar Robots to Reach Five Task Positions

In this paper, we design planar nR serial chains that provide one degree-of-freedom movement for an end-effector through five arbitrarily specified task positions. These chains are useful for deployment linkages or the fingers of a mechanical hand. The trajectory of the end-effector pivot is controlled by n-1 sets of cables that are joined through a planetary gear system to two input variables. These two input variables are coupled by a four-bar linkage, and the movement of the end-effector around its end joint is driven by a second four-bar linkage. The result is one degree-of-freedom system. The design of the cabling system allows control of the shape of the chain as it moves through the task positions. This combines techniques of deployable linkage design with mechanism synthesis to obtain specialized movement with a minimum number of actuators. Two example designs for a 6R planar chain are presented, one with a square initial configuration and a second with a hexagonal initial configuration.