cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spiritual implications of psychodynamic therapy: immaterial psyche, ideality, and the "area of faith".

Psychodynamic writers have been calling attention lately to the spiritual dimension of psychological disorders and of therapeutic approaches to them (e.g., Karasu, 1999; Roland, 1999; Rubin, 1999). Spirituality refers to matters that are other than corporeal or material (Websters, 1970). This emphasis reflects reaction to a dominant characteristic of present-day life. Preoccupied as it is with body and material world, contemporary society is depreciating its peoples’ spiritual needs, thus failing to validate this essential of their being. Excepting Jung, whose contributions have had meager influence upon most psychoanalytic thought, invoking the spiritual is very recent. Why have we generally so neglected this sphere of experience? An obvious explanation is that the modern age has been characterized by dismantling a religious, clerical order and replacing it by a secular one, privileging scientific and commercial matters. The evident benefits of this transformation have been momentous. In the late nineteenth century, Freud himself, was, of course, immersed in a hegemonic scientific milieu, which significantly colored his theory. Indeed, psychoanalysts to this day are at pains to establish their scientific legitimacy (e.g., Solms, 1997; but also the critique by Cavell, 1997). However, I will try to show that one unfortunate effect of this radical pendu-
Embryology of the sheep. III. The respiratory system, mesenteries and celom in the fourteen to thirty‐four day embryo

The day‐by‐day developmental changes which occur in the respiratory system, mesenteries and celom of the sheep embryo from 14 to 34 days coital age are documented chronologically and described. This work provides standards of normal development which can be used as a basis for future work on abnormal development of these structures. The respiratory diverticulum which first appears on the seventeenth day is seen as a primitive lung bud on the nineteenth day and becomes bilobed on day 20. By the twenty‐first day a laryngotracheal tube is present and the larynx develops in the next ten days. The dorsal mesogastrium forms on the eighteenth day and the omental bursa is seen as an invagination by the twenty‐first day. A splenic primordium associated with the omentum is present by the twenty‐seventh day. The dorsal mesentery appears on the eighteenth day and undergoes torsion, herniation and coiling on the twentieth, twenty‐second and twenty‐seventh days. The ventral mesentery is present on the seventeenth day but disappears centrally between the eighteenth and twenty‐first days. An extraembryonic celom is seen on the fourteenth day and the formation of the intraembryonic celom occurs on day 15. Development of the pleuroperitoneal membranes commences on the twenty‐first day. Complete separation of pericardial and pleural cavities is completed by the twenty‐eighth day.
Sex‐Role Stereotypes: A Current Appraisal

Consensus about the differing characteristics of men and women exists across groups differing in sex, age, marital status, and education. Masculine characteristics are positively valued more often than feminine characteristics. Positively-valued masculine traits form a cluster entailing competence; positively-valued feminine traits reflect warmth-expressiveness. Sex-role definitions are incorporated into the self-concepts of both men and women; moreover, these sex-role differences are considered desirable by college students and healthy by mental health professionals. Individual differences in sex related self-concepts are related to sex-role relevant behaviors such as achieved and ideal family size. Sex-role perceptions also vary as a function of maternal employment.
Extraction kinetics of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese from contaminated sediment using Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetate

One technique for cleansing heavy metal contaminated soils is to wash the excavated soil with an extraction solution of a chelating agent. The rate of extraction is an important parameter when considering the length of time needed for soil clean-up and the amount and concentration of wash solution required. The extraction kinetics of copper, zinc, iron and manganese from a contaminated sediment of the Clark Fork River in western Montana, U.S.A., with Disodiun Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2EDTA) as the extraction agent, were investigated. The results showed the extraction process consisted of rapid extraction in the first minutes followed by much slower extraction for the remainder of the experiment. The rate of extraction, particularly in the rapid phase, demonstrated clear pH dependence: the lower the pH, the faster the extraction rate. In the EDTA concentration range of 0.01 M to 0.05 M, the effect of the EDTA concentration on the extraction rate was not important compared with that of the solution pH. Extraction kinetics for different size particles were similar, although in the first few minutes, EDTA extracted more metals from clay and silt than sand. The two reaction, diffusion, and two-constant kinetic models were compared to experimental results. The two reaction model did not fit any of the data well, and only iron extraction could be described with a simple diffusion model. In general the extraction rates can be well described by the two-constant model, C=A t B, up to 600 minutes and under different conditions such as solution pH, EDTA concentration, and different sediment particle size.
Estimation of camera pose with respect to terrestrial LiDAR data

In this paper, we present an algorithm that is to estimate the position of a hand-held camera with respect to terrestrial LiDAR data. Our input is a set of 3D range scans with intensities and one or a set of 2D uncalibrated camera images of the scene. The algorithm that automatically registers range scans and 2D images is composed of following steps. In the first step, we project the terrestrial LiDAR onto 2D images according to several preselected viewpoints. Intensity-based features such as SIFT are extracted from these projected images and these features are projected back onto the LiDAR data to obtain their 3D positions. In the second step, we estimate the initial pose of given 2D images from feature correspondences. In the third step, we refine the coarse camera pose obtained from the previous step through iterative matchings and optimization process. We presents results from experiments in several different urban settings.
Contemporary comparison between retropubic midurethral sling and autologous pubovaginal sling for stress urinary incontinence after the FDA advisory notification

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety in a contemporary cohort of women who were offered either a pubovaginal sling (PVS) or a synthetic midurethral sling (MUS) after the US Food and Drug Administration notification and made an informed decision on procedure option. Methods A total of 201 women were given the option between a PVS and an MUS. Prior anti-incontinence surgery and concomitant surgery other than hysterectomy were not allowed. Minimal follow-up was 12 months. Patients were prospectively followed with validated quality of life questionnaires. Cure, voiding complaints, and complications were compared between the groups. Results Ninety-one women (45%) underwent PVS and 110 underwent MUS (55%). Median follow-up was 13.8 months. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups except for the prevalence of urge incontinence. Subjective improvement in questionnaire scores was significant for both groups. Cure rate was accomplished in 75.8% of the PVS group patients compared with 80.9% of the MUS group patients (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-2.7; P = .38). Complications and voiding difficulty were similar between the groups. Conclusion In this contemporary cohort of women considered suitable candidates for either a PVS or an MUS, both offer comparable efficacy and complication rates. PVS may be safely offered to patients who would otherwise be good candidates for MUS if they are concerned with the implantation of mesh.
Nonlinear-optical processes in nematic liquid crystals near Freedericks transitions

Weak-beam amplification and diffracted-beam production are predicted under a variety of conditions, in which thin nematic-liquid-crystal samples maintained in an external magnetic field near Freedericks transitions are simultaneously illuminated by strong and weak beams derived from the same light source. It is shown that for 4-methoxybenzylidene-4\ensuremath{'}-butylaniline, substantial weak-beam amplification should occur under continuous illumination for modest (\ensuremath{\sim} 0.1 W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) strong-beam intensities, for certain cell and beam geometries. If a small positive frequency difference between the strong and weak incident beams is maintained, weak-beam amplification is further enhanced, and the conditions on the angles of incidence for amplification are considerably relaxed.
The role of internal node sequences and the molecular clock in the analysis of serially-sampled data

Algorithms that infer phylogenetic relationships between serially-sampled sequences have been developed in recent years to assist in the analysis of rapidly-evolving human pathogens. Our study consisted of evaluating seven relevant methods using empirical as well as simulated data sets. In particular, we investigated how the molecular clock hypothesis affected their relative performance, as three of the algorithms that accept serially-sampled data as input assume a molecular clock. Our results show that the standard phylogenetic methods and MinPD had a better overall performance. Surprisingly, when all internal node sequences were included in the data, the topological performance measure of all the methods, with the exception of MinPD, dropped significantly.
Regional Variation in the Activation Threshold for 1,3-DNB-Induced Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Brainstem and Cortical Astrocytes

Abstract 1,3-Dinitrobenzene (DNB) produces edematous, glio-vascular lesions in brainstem nuclei with high energy demands. Astrocytes in vulnerable brainstem nuclei appear to be an early and selective target of DNB and other nitroaromatic compounds, though the molecular basis of this susceptibility is poorly understood. It has been postulated that mitochondria are a principal target of DNB in sensitive cell types [Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 13 (5) (1987) 371], where redox-cycling of DNB increases levels of reactive oxygen species and disrupts cellular energy metabolism. The present study investigates the role of regional differences in activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) by DNB in brainstem and cortical astrocytes and examines the expression of Bcl-2 proteins as potential regulators of mtPTP function. Neonatal rat astrocytes were cultured from both DNB-sensitive (brainstem) and insensitive (cortex) brain regions and evaluated for DNB-induced alterations in cell morphology and mitochondrial function. Exposure to DNB resulted in rapid changes in the morphology of brainstem astrocytes consistent with loss of ion homeostasis and initiation of necrotic cell death. These changes were not observed in cortical astrocytes at corresponding concentrations of DNB and were prevented in brainstem astrocytes by the mtPTP inhibitor, bongkrekic acid, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in DNB-induced morphological changes in brainstem astrocytes. Mitochondrial depolarization in brainstem astrocytes was observed at DNB concentrations as low as 10 μM, whereas no loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψ mt ) occurred in cortical astrocytes at less than 100 μM DNB. DNB-induced loss of Δ Ψ mt followed apparent first-order kinetics, with EC 50 -values for half-maximal rates of mitochondrial depolarization of ∼23 and ∼290 μM in brainstem cortical astrocytes, respectively. DNB-induced mitochondrial depolarization was prevented by pretreatment with bongkrekic acid, indicating that loss of Δ Ψ mt was mediated by activation of the mtPTP. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity occurred in astrocytes from both brain regions exposed to DNB and was blocked in brainstem, but not cortical, astrocytes by bongkrekic acid. Constitutive expression of Bcl-X L was high in cortical tissue and astrocytes, whereas Bax expression was low. However, Bax was highly expressed in brainstem tissue and astrocytes and Bcl-X L expression was markedly lower. The expression of Bcl-2 was similar in both brain regions. These data suggest that the selective vulnerability of brainstem astrocytes to DNB is due to a lower threshold for activation of the mtPTP that is be mediated, in part, by distinct expression patterns of Bcl-2 proteins rather than by intrinsic differences in susceptibility of the electron transport chain.
Electron-microscopic studies on reaggregate cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Vascular smooth muscle cells were taken from the aortae of the WKY (normotensive) and SHR (spontaneously hypertensive) strains of rat by enzymatic dispersion and put into reaggregate culture. Initially the cells became individual spheroids having average diameters of 10 μm and surfaces that were either rough or smooth. The cells were far more complex than they appeared on their surfaces; after one day in culture, there was considerable internal variation in these cells. All the cells, whether WKY or SHR, lost the bulk of their cytoplasmic contents (including myofilaments, many mitochondria, and vesicular structures) in the early stages of culture and eventually became flattened. After 14 days in culture, these modified cells collected to form reaggregates that were commonly roughly spherical and several hundred μm in diameter. These reaggregates consisted of peripheral regions made up of several layers of flattened cells overlying cores formed by glia-like networks of cells similar in cytological appearance to the cells at the periphery. The meshes formed in this way contained cellular debris derived from dead cells or extrusion of cellular contents. It appears that SHR cells are quicker to form reaggregates than are WKY cells. Yet the SHR cells retained a rounded conformation after five days, whereas the WKY cells were more flattened and formed a more discrete aggregate at this stage of culture. However, by the fourteenth day of culture, differences between the two cell strains were not so pronounced, as far as could be judged by observations made with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Both WKY and SHR cells at 14 days appeared highly secretory, possessing large Golgi systems as well as numerous ER cisternae and mitochondria. SHR cells produced greater amounts of connective tissue at all stages of culture than did WKY cells, indicating that a similar difference may contribute to the hypertension which develops naturally in situ in SHR animals.
Wave‐equation common‐angle gathers for converted waves

Seismic images obtained by multicomponent wave-equation migration can be decomposed into angle-gathers with a transformation that generalizes the equivalent construction for primary waves. A particularly simple formulation is to use all three components of the offset vector separating sources and receivers at image points. Using full vector offsets, multicomponent angle-gathers are built using simple transformations that are implemented partially in the Fourier domain and partially in the space domain.
Newborn Screening for ABO Hemolytic Disease

Confusion still exists regarding the true incidence of ABO hemolytic disease and the significance of the various laboratory investigations commonly employed in its evaluation. With such imprecision in diagnosis, early hospital discharge of newborns can be a potential problem. To evaluate the usefulness of more extensive screening than commonly employed and to identify possible indicators of severity, a pilot study of cord blood screening was undertaken. In the study, 1391 cord blood specimens were tested for type, Rh, direct antiglobulin test (DAT), indirect Coombs, and total and indirect bilirubin. Of the specimens, 53.3 percent were type A, B, or AB, and 19.3 percent of both A and B infants and 7 percent of AB infants had immune antibodies in their sera. DAT was neither diagnostic nor predictive of severity. DAT was negative in 48 percent of infants with serum antibody and did not correlate with cord blood or peak serum bilirubin levels. The cord blood bilirubin also was not diagnostic of hemolytic disease but was moderately predictive of peak bilirubin levels. The data do not support the use of any routine screening tests in the management of ABO hemolytic disease.
Collisionless media access protocols for high-speed communication in optically interconnected parallel computers

This paper introduces a collisionless wavelength division multiple access protocol for a passive star-coupled parallel computer. A performance analysis is developed based on a semi-Markov model. This model, verified by extensive simulation, is then used to study the behavior of the protocol with varying system characteristics.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Language Networks Associated with Computerized Semantic Indices

Tests of generative semantic verbal fluency are widely used to study organization and representation of concepts in the human brain. Previous studies demonstrated that clustering and switching behavior during verbal fluency tasks is supported by multiple brain mechanisms associated with semantic memory and executive control. Previous work relied on manual assessments of semantic relatedness between words and grouping of words into semantic clusters. We investigated a computational linguistic approach to measuring the strength of semantic relatedness between words based on latent semantic analysis of word co-occurrences in a subset of a large online encyclopedia. We computed semantic clustering indices and compared them to brain network connectivity measures obtained with task-free fMRI in a sample consisting of healthy participants and those differentially affected by cognitive impairment. We found that semantic clustering indices were associated with brain network connectivity in distinct areas including fronto-temporal, fronto-parietal and fusiform gyrus regions. This study shows that computerized semantic indices complement traditional assessments of verbal fluency to provide a more complete account of the relationship between brain and verbal behavior involved organization and retrieval of lexical information from memory.
Yeast origin recognition complex functions in transcription silencing and DNA replication

The genes encoding two of the subunits of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin recognition complex (ORC) have been isolated. Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene encoding the 72-kD subunit of ORC (ORC2) indicates that this protein complex functions early in the DNA replication process. Moreover, ORC derived from orc2ts cells is defective for DNA binding. Others have shown a defect in orc2ts cells in transcriptional silencing at the silent mating-type loci. Consistent with this finding, ORC specifically binds to each of the four mating-type silencers identified in yeast. These findings support the hypothesis that ORC acts as an initiator protein at yeast origins of DNA replication and suggest that ORC also functions in the determination of transcriptional domains.
Relation of Teeth, Tonsils and Intestinal Toxemias to Diseases of the Eye.

The presence and fatality of diseases whose essence is toxemia make them a subject of prime importance to the whole medical profession. I have selected the subject of focal infections for this paper, for the reason that it is a field in which I have long been interested, having read a paper 1 on this subject before the New York Institute of Stomatology, at the New York Academy of Medicine, in October, 1910. My belief has grown stronger and stronger that there is not sufficient attention paid to focal infections as a real cause of diseases of the eye. The epoch-making work of Rosenow 2 on the transmutation and selective localization of pyogenic organisms in the various tissues of the body has revolutionized some of our ideas of etiology and pathology. The experimental and clinical investigations of Brown and Irons 3 have been especially valuable to us, and we know
Deal with the Devil: A Participatory Model for Off-Site Storage Selection

AbstractOff-site storage for art history materials is a matter about which there is great discomfort and resistance. By involving users in the process of choosing which items go off-site, the library is able to foster a sense of trust and transparency, and to gain buy-in from the audience most affected by the use of off-site storage. The librarians at the Stephen Chan Library at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University included their primary constituency—the faculty members and students—in the process of selecting volumes for off-site storage. This article describes the decisions made and the methods used to reach the dual goals of achieving 75 percent density in the stacks and gaining the trust of the library patrons.
Introduction: Economic Measures of Food Safety Interventions

EconLit Citations: Q18, I18, L51 © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 153–156, 2007.
Health Risk Behaviors and Aliteracy: Are They Related?

Abstract Aliteracy is defined as the quality or state of being able to read but the lack of interest in doing so; aliterates can read, but they never read for the love of reading. Aliteracy is said to be prevalent among college students. Also prevalent among college students are risk behaviors that contribute to poor health. Problem behavior theory links a variety of problem behaviors, but aliteracy has never been included in problem behavior analyses. The purpose of this study was to examine the reading attitudes, reading behaviors, and health risk behaviors of college students, and to determine if a relationship existed among them. A sample of 272 college students completed surveys that assessed their reading and health-related behaviors. Results indicated significant negative correlations between reading and alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and fighting.
Double Onlay Preputial Flap for Proximal Hypospadias Repair

AbstractPurpose: We describe a new technique for primary repair of proximal hypospadias. The double onlay preputial flap combines the principles of onlay urethroplasty and the double face preputial flap, namely preservation of the urethral plate and use of a total preputial flap.Materials and Methods: Common problems of classic onlay urethroplasty, including rotation and asymmetry of the penile shaft when the preputial flap is brought laterally around the shaft and the viability of the Byars flaps after dissecting the pedicle for the onlay flap, are avoided with this technique by passing the penis through a buttonhole incision in the pedicle of the total preputial flap. Onlay urethroplasty is performed using a secondary flap outlined from the total preputial flap. The remainder of the total preputial flap tissue is used to cover the ventral skin defect.Results: Since June 1994, 18 patients 6 months to 9 years old (median age 10 months) underwent primary hypospadias repair with the double onlay preputial f...
Photosynthetic pyridine nucleotide reductase. II. Photoinactivation in the presence of chloroplasts.

Abstract The nonlinearity of photosynthetic triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN) reduction with time may be attributed to chloroplast-dependent photoinactivation of photosynthetic pyridine nucleotide reductase. In the presence of a number of reducing compounds as well as ferricyanide, the photoinactivation is prevented and the reduction of TPN proceeds linearly. A possible mechanism for the photoinactivation is presented.
Best Management Practices for Invasive Crane Flies in Northeastern United States Sod Production

Two species of crane flies (Diptera: Tipuloidea) introduced from Europe, Tipula oleracea L. and T. paludosa Meigen, have become established across portions of northeastern United States and present an economic concern to the production sod industry. The presence of both species in northeastern U.S. sod production fields was confirmed in 2009, and on two separate occasions T. paludosa larvae were detected after delivery of sod from producer to consumer. Infestation of production fields poses a threat to the quality of the developing sod product as well as a conduit for human-mediated range expansion of an invasive species. As the unintentional transport of larvae in shipments of sod is a major repercussion, much of the burden from invasive crane fly establishments may fall on the consumer. We propose and explain a core set of best management practices for consideration and adoption by sod producers in northeastern U.S. Crane fly life history and ecology is first discussed as a key element to recognizing and locating infestations in production fields. The scientific rationale behind our recommendations for interventions is then discussed with respect to basic Integrated Pest Management (IPM) elements (monitoring populations, damage thresholds, cultural management, chemical and biological control). The recommendations are further summarized in a checklist with respect to sod production cycle (preharvest, harvest, postharvest). The goal of these practices is the prevention of in-field infestations, the protection of developing sod, the assurance of crane fly-free shipments, and the safeguarding of commercial customers.
Temporally Ordered Collective Creep and Dynamic Transition in the Charge-Density-Wave Conductor NbSe 3

We have observed an unusual form of creep at low temperatures in the charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$. This creep develops when CDW motion becomes limited by thermally activated phase advance past individual impurities, demonstrating the importance of local pinning and related short-length-scale dynamics. Unlike in vortex lattices, elastic collective dynamics on longer length scales results in temporally ordered motion and a finite threshold field. A first-order dynamic phase transition from creep to high-velocity sliding produces ``switching'' in the velocity-field characteristic.
The effects of activity and thermal environment on creatinine clearance.

Rates of creatinine clearance (CCr) were measured in 3 healthy young men while standing at rest, walking at 5.6 km/hr, or jogging at 9.6 km/hr for 1 hr in environments set at water vapor tensions equal to about 10 mm Hg and dry bulb temperatures of 10, 25, or 40 ° C. The purpose was to study the differential effects of activity and thermal environment on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CCr was always greater for walking than for standing in each environmental situation considered. For jogging, CCr decreased below standing values in the hot and temperate environments, but in the cold CCr for jogging did not differ from that for standing. Furthermore, during the jogging experiments CCr decreased in a linear fashion for each subject as heat stress (sweat rate) increased. We conclude that in comparison with rest the effects of mild and moderate exercise on GFR can be directionally different. With increasing heat stress, these differences in GFR can be accentuated.
A cAMP independent inhibitory action of high doses of forskolin in rat Leydig cells.

Abstract In addition to well known direct stimulatory and potentiatory actions of forskolin, we have previously reported that low doses of this diterpene (10 −9 , 10 −12 M) markedly inhibit the production of cAMP and testosterone in rat Leydig cells through a pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein (A. Khanum and M. L. Dufau, J. Biol. Chem. 261 , 1986). A different type of inhibitory effect of forskolin is described in this study. Forskolin (10 −5 M) markedly stimulates basal adenylate cyclase activity (about 200%) in rat Leydig cell membranes and potentiates the stimulatory effect of gonadotropin (10 −9 , 10 −7 M) on adenylate cyclase in presence or in absence of GTP (10 −5 M). Similarly a time-dependent stimulation of forskolin (10 −5 M) alone is noted on all cAMP pools and testosterone production. Using a supramaximal steroidogenic dose of hCG (0.26 nM) or choleragen (0.1 μM), forskolin potentiates the gonadotrophin and toxin-induced responses of all cAMP pools significantly while inhibiting testosterone production. Moreover, forskolin also inhibits 8-Bromo-cAMP stimulated steroidogenesis. In contrast, pregnenolone synthesis was not altered by the diterpene. We have demonstrated in this study that the inhibitory effect of high doses of forskolin on steroidogenesis is distal to cAMP generation, and resulted from a steroidogenic block residing beyond pregnenolone synthesis.
Two cases of thenar compartment syndrome from blunt trauma.

Abstract Background Compartment syndrome is a limb-threatening complication associated with extremity trauma. The existence of compartment syndrome involving the thenar space is considered controversial and has not been reported in association with blunt traumatic injury of the hand. Objective We report two cases involving compartment syndrome of the thenar space in association with blunt trauma to the hand. Case Report Patient A was a young man who suffered a fracture/dislocation of the right thumb after a fall. Compartment pressures were measured at 70 mm Hg in the thenar space. The patient underwent successful fasciotomy and K-wire stabilization of the thumb and was ultimately discharged with good function on day 4. Patient B suffered a crush injury of the right hand and presented with diffuse swelling associated with median nerve paresthesia. Radiographs revealed a fracture of the triquetrum and of the base of the third metacarpal bone. The patient underwent multiple fasciotomies of the hand, including a release of the thenar space. He was discharged on day 2 with improving function of his thumb. Conclusion Compartment syndrome of the thenar space may be more common than previously reported. Given the limited time frame after which permanent damage occurs, clinicians should consider measurement of thenar compartment pressures in high-risk injuries.
Hydrolysis of N-α-benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide by human alpha thrombin in the presence of heparin

Abstract The effect of heparin on the hydrolysis of N-α-benzoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide by human alpha thrombin was studied. When the substrate concentration was low i.e. less than 4.0 × 10 −5 M, heparin enhanced the initial rate of substrate hydrolysis. At higher substrate concentrations heparin appeared to inhibit thrombin activity. The extent of inhibition was dependent on the order of mixing heparin with thrombin and substrate. When the substrate concentration was 1.1 × 10 −4 M, premixing heparin with substrate decreased the initial rate of substrate hydrolysis approximately 10%, whereas premixing heparin with thrombin decreased the initial rate approximately 75%. Substrate solutions appeared slightly turbid upon addition of heparin (10 −7 M). Turbidity was independent of the mixing regimen. After centrifugation pelleted material was found to contain heparin, substrate and enzyme. Kinetic data indicated that inhibition of the initial rate of substrate hydrolysis which was observed when heparin and substrate were premixed was due, primarily, to a decrease in the free substrate concentration caused by heparin-substrate aggregation. The inhibition observed when heparin and thrombin were premixed was due, primarily, to a decrease in the free enzyme concentration caused by the co-aggregation of thrombin with heparin and substrate. It was concluded that heparin does not have a direct inhibitory effect on the hydrolysis of this substrate by thrombin.
Perceptions of Program Enhancers and Stressors by Marriage and Family Therapy Students and Faculty

This study investigated the stressors and enhancers for students reported by students and faculty who are enrolled or teach in accredited marriage and family therapy programs. Results indicated that students (n = 112) and faculty members (n = 43) differ in their perceptions of six out of thirteen different program characteristics: information to prospective students, professional development, career guidance and placement services, mentoring, program climate, and feedback provided to students. Faculty perceived these program characteristics more enhancing than students. However, students’ and faculty means were ranked similarly in prioritization.
The relationship of increased susceptibility of sperm DNA to denaturation and fertility in the stallion.

Abstract The relationship between fertility and susceptibility of sperm DNA to denaturation was determined in a group of 84 actively breeding, clinically fertile stallions. Susceptibility of DNA to denaturation was determined using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The SCSA measures, mean of alpha-t (meanα t ), standard deviation of alpha-t (SDα t ), and the COMP of alpha-t (cells outside the main population)] were significantly correlated with the percentage seasonal pregnancy rate (SPR; meanα t , r = −0.24, P ≤ 0.05; % COMPα t , r = −0.27, P≤ 0.05); percentage pregnant per first cycle (FCP; SDα t , r = −0.30, P ≤ 0.01; % COMPα t , r = −0.42, P≤ 0.0001); and the percentage pregnant per cycle (PC; meanα t , r = −0.31, P≤ 0.01; SDα t , r = −0.32, P≤ 0.01; % COMPα t , r = −0.41, P≤0.0001). This study describes detectable intrinsic variation in sperm chromatin structure among fertile stallions (SPR, mean = 83%; FCP, mean = 58%; PC, mean = 57%) in an active breeding population (number of mares bred/stallion/year, mean = 37), in the absence of overt reproductive abnormalities and apparent diseases such that an increase in the susceptibility of sperm DNA to denaturation is associated with reduced fertility, both in terms of efficiency of reproduction (FCP and PC) and seasonal pregnancy rate (SPR). Both COMPα t and meanα t were useful indicators of fertility, with COMPα t being the only SCSA value able to identify mean differences between fertility groupings for SPR and FCP, and overall it was the most reliable indicator of fertility in this group of stallions. The SCSA is able to evaluate a compartment of the spermatozoa which is different from that of traditional tests for sperm quality such as motility and morphology.
N-Glycan structure annotation of glycopeptides using a linearized glycan structure database (GlyDB).

While glycoproteins are abundant in nature, and changes in glycosylation occur in cancer and other diseases, glycoprotein characterization remains a challenge due to the structural complexity of the biopolymers. This paper presents a general strategy, termed GlyDB, for glycan structure annotation of N-linked glycopeptides from tandem mass spectra in the LC−MS analysis of proteolytic digests of glycoproteins. The GlyDB approach takes advantage of low-energy collision-induced dissociation of N-linked glycopeptides that preferentially cleaves the glycosidic bonds while the peptide backbone remains intact. A theoretical glycan structure database derived from biosynthetic rules for N-linked glycans was constructed employing a novel representation of branched glycan structures consisting of multiple linear sequences. The commonly used peptide identification program, Sequest, could then be utilized to assign experimental tandem mass spectra to individual glycoforms. Analysis of synthetic glycopeptides and well-c...
Fractionation of soybean meal, cottonseed meal and wheat middlings using combination of sieving and air classification

Abstract In earlier studies, the combination of sieving and air classification was found to be effective in separating fiber from distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) and corn flour. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combination of sieving and air classification for fiber separation from soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and wheat middlings (WM). Feeds were sieved into size fractions and the size fractions were then air classified into lighter and heavier fractions. The product obtained by combining the lighter fractions is called “fiber co-product” and the remaining material is called “enhanced feed”. The combination of sieving and air classification increased protein content most for SBM (from 539 g/kg to 553–557 g/kg), followed by CSM (from 499 g/kg to 521–527 g/kg) and WM (from 192 g/kg to 194–201 g/kg). Fiber separation was more effective for SBM compared to CSM and WM.
The Prediction of Baseball Ability

(1952). The Prediction of Baseball Ability. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 15-19.
The associations between basal salivary cortisol and illness symptomatology in chronic fatigue syndrome

Hypocortisolism has been reported in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), with the significance of this finding to disease etiology unclear. This study examined cortisol levels and their relationships with symptoms in a group of 108 individuals with CFS. CFS symptoms examined included fatigue, pain, sleep difficulties, neurocognitive functioning, and psychiatric status. Alterations in cortisol levels were examined by calculation of mean daily cortisol, while temporal variation in cortisol function was examined by means of a regression slope. Additionally, deviation from expected cortisol diurnal pattern was determined via clinical judgment. Results indicated that fatigue and pain were associated with salivary cortisol levels. In particular, variance from the expected pattern of cortisol was associated with increased levels of fatigue. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Sensory-evoked gamma oscillations in chronic schizophrenia.

Background The early visual-evoked gamma oscillation (VGO) elicited by Gestalt stimuli is reduced in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy individuals, but it is unknown whether this effect is specific to these particular stimuli and task. In contrast, the early auditory-evoked gamma oscillation (AGO) was reported to be unaffected in a sample of unmedicated, mostly first-episode schizophrenics, but it is unknown whether this oscillation is abnormal in chronic, medicated patients. We investigated these issues by examining the VGO and AGO in chronic schizophrenic (SZ) and matched healthy control (HC) subjects. Methods Subjects (21 HC, 23 SZ) performed visual and auditory oddball tasks. Visual stimuli were letters, and auditory stimuli were simple tones. Event-related spectral measures (phase locking factor and evoked power) were computed on Morlet wavelet-transformed single epochs from the standard trials. Results VGO phase locking at occipital electrodes was reduced in SZ compared with HC. In contrast, AGO phase locking and evoked power did not differ between groups. Conclusions The VGO deficit may be a general phenomenon in schizophrenia, whereas the AGO evoked by simple tone stimuli does not appear to be abnormal in chronic, medicated schizophrenia patients.
Cyclin/CDK Regulates the Nucleocytoplasmic Localization of the Human Papillomavirus E1 DNA Helicase

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play key roles in eukaryotic DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Phosphorylation of components of the preinitiation complex activates replication and prevents reinitiation. One mechanism is mediated by nuclear export of critical proteins. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA replication requires cellular machinery in addition to the viral replicative DNA helicase E1 and origin recognition protein E2. E1 phosphorylation by cyclin/CDK is critical for efficient viral DNA replication. We now show that E1 is phosphorylated by CDKs in vivo and that phosphorylation regulates its nucleocytoplasmic localization. We identified a conserved regulatory region for localization which contains a dominant leucine-rich nuclear export sequence (NES), the previously defined cyclin binding motif, three serine residues that are CDK substrates, and a putative bipartite nuclear localization sequence. We show that E1 is exported from the nucleus by a CRM1-dependent mechanism unless the NES is inactivated by CDK phosphorylation. Replication activities of E1 phosphorylation site mutations are reduced and correlate inversely with their increased cytoplasmic localization. Nuclear localization and replication activities of most of these mutations are enhanced or restored by mutations in the NES. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CDK phosphorylation controls E1 nuclear localization to support viral DNA amplification. Thus, HPV adopts and adapts the cellular regulatory mechanism to complete its reproductive program.
Mechanisms of disease: the blood-brain barrier.

Objective The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is often perceived as a passive membrane. However, evidence has demonstrated that the BBB plays an active role in normal homeostasis and in certain disease processes. Methods Approximately 300 peer-reviewed publications that discussed normal or abnormal BBB function were reviewed. Results The role of the BBB and how it contributes to disorders of the central nervous system vary, depending on the specific disease process. Conclusion In health and disease and extending to old age, endothelial cells, neurons, and glia constitute a neurovascular unit that regulates the BBB. Advances toward penetrating the BBB must account for both normal and abnormal functions of the neurovascular unit.
DUET: integration of dynamic and static analyses for malware clustering with cluster ensembles

Automatic malware clustering plays a vital role in combating the rapidly growing number of malware variants. Most existing malware clustering algorithms operate on either static instruction features or dynamic behavior features to partition malware into families. However, these two distinct approaches have their own strengths and weaknesses in handling different types of malware. Moreover, different clustering algorithms and even multiple runs of the same algorithms may produce inconsistent or even contradictory results. To remedy this heterogeneity and lack of robustness of a single clustering algorithm, we propose a novel system called DUET by exploiting the complementary nature of static and dynamic clustering algorithms and optimally integrating their results. By using the concept of clustering ensemble, DUET combines partitions from individual clustering algorithms into a single consensus partition with better quality and robustness. DUET improves existing ensemble algorithms by incorporating cluster-quality measures to effectively reconcile differences and/or contradictions between base malware clusterings. Using real-world malware samples, we compare the performance of DUET (in terms of clustering precision, recall and coverage) with individual state-of-the-art static and dynamic clustering component. The comprehensive experiments demonstrate DUET's capability of improving the coverage of malware samples by 20--40% while keeping the precision near the optimum achievable by any individual clustering algorithm.
Thermal and performance analyses of efficient radioisotope power systems

Abstract Thermal analysis is performed of radioisotope power systems (RPSs) in which skutterudite based thermoelectric arrays (SKTAs) of 2 × 7 and 4 × 7 unicouples are thermally coupled to general purpose heat sources (GPHSs). The SKTAs are separated from the GPHS bricks by a thin graphite sleeve to ensure a hot junction temperature of 973 K and minimal or no increase in the 238 PuO 2 fuel temperature. They are connected electrically in series, and the performance parameters of the RPSs are calculated as functions of load voltage from 24 to 38 VDC. The cold junction temperature of the SKTAs and the radiator base temperature are determined from coupling the unicouples performance optimization model and the radiator thermal analysis model for sizing the aluminum fins. Calculated peak specific powers of the RPSs at the beginning of mission (BOM) are compared with those calculated at the peak electric power at different load voltages. The load voltage strongly affects the performance of the RPSs. The peak specific powers and those corresponding to the peak electrical powers increase with increasing load voltage up to certain values then drop with further increase in load voltage. The highest BOM specific powers of ∼6.859–6.973 W e /kg, are ∼43.3–45.7% higher than that of the heritage RTG (4.786 W e /kg) with 7 GPHS bricks and SiGe unicouples. Such specific powers for the RPSs with SKTAs are attainable with 28.6% less 238 PuO 2 fuel and at 2.85–11.62% more BOM electrical power (122 W e ) than those of the heritage RTG (105 W e ).
Chemokine control of HIV-1 infection: beyond a binding competition.

A recent paper by Cameron et al. demonstrated that certain chemokines such as CCL19 activate cofilin and actin dynamics, promoting HIV nuclear localization and integration into resting CD4 T cells. Apparently, these chomokines synergize with the viral envelope protein, triggering cofilin and actin dynamics necessary for the establishment of viral latency. This study opens a new avenue for understanding chemokine interaction with HIV. Traditionally, chemokine control of HIV infection focuses on competitive binding and down-modulation of the corecptors, particularly CCR5. This new study suggests that a diverse group of chemokines may also affect HIV infection through synergistic or antagonistic interaction with the viral coreceptor signaling pathways.
Transplant tolerance: bench to bedside--26th annual Samuel Jason Mixter Lecture.

Until recently, immunologic tolerance was thought to imply the specific absence of an immune response. However, it has now become clear that, at least in the field of transplantation, tolerance can also be brought about by a positive immunologic response of a regulatory nature.2 Thus, we currently define transplant tolerance operationally as “the specific absence of a destructive immune response to a transplanted tissue in the absence of immunosuppression.” The key elements of this definition are “specific,” meaning that the recipient must remain fully capable of responding to other antigens; “destructive immune response,” allowing downregulatory immune responses to still be included in the definition; and “absence of immunosuppression,” signifying total elimination of the need for immunosuppressive drugs, thus not to be confused with the recent concept of “prope tolerance” or “drug minimization.”3,4
Cephalhematoma in the Newborn Observations Based on a Review of 139 Infants

A chart survey of 139 newborns with cephal hematoma showed the majority were associated with primiparity, forceps delivery, or prolonged labor. The complications included jaundice, central nervous system symptoms, localized in fection, anemia and subdural hematoma. Neo natal jaundice was frequently associated. Under lying skull fractures were found in 7.1 per cent of the 84 infants in whom skull x-rays were taken, a lower incidence than that reported by others.