cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DISCLOSURE OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE What Does the Research Tell Us About the Ways That Children Tell

The empirical basis for the child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome (CSAAS), a theoretical model that posits that sexually abused children frequently display secrecy, tentative disclosures, and retractions of abuse statements was reviewed. Two data sources were evaluated: retrospective studies of adults’ reports of having been abused as children and concurrent or chart-review studies of children undergoing evaluation or treatment for sexual abuse. The evidence indicates that the majority of abused children do not reveal abuse during childhood. However, the evidence fails to support the notion that denials, tentative disclosures, and recantations characterize the disclosure patterns of children with validated histories of sexual abuse. These results are discussed in terms of their implications governing the admissibility of expert testimony on CSAAS. Although it is widely acknowledged that the sexual assault of children is a major societal concern, it is not known how many children are victims of sexual abuse in the United States (Ceci & Friedman, 2000). There are two major reasons for this lack of data. First, present estimates of the incidence of child sexual abuse (CSA) are primarily based on reports received and validated by child protection agencies. These figures, however, do not reflect the number of unreported cases or the number of cases reported to other types of agencies (e.g., sheriff’s offices) and professionals (e.g., mental health diversion programs). Second, the accuracy of diagnosis of CSA is often difficult because definitive medical or physical evidence is lacking or inconclusive in the vast majority of cases (Bays & Chadwick, 1993; Berenson, Heger, & Andrews, 1991), and because there are no gold standard psychological symptoms specific to sexual abuse (Kendall-Tacket, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993; Poole & Lindsay, 1998; J. M. Wood & Wright, 1995). Given these limitations of medical and psychological evidence, children’s statements typically represent the central evidence for judging the occurrence of
Expression of a methotrexate resistant dihydrofolate reductase gene in transgenic mice.

We have previously demonstrated systemic resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in transgenic mice carrying a foreign, mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, E.C. 1.5.1.3) gene. The new gene was introduced as a cDNA cloned into an expression vector driven by the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter. Previous physiologic studies suggested that transgenic mice tolerated drug doses invariably lethal to controls on the basis of gastrointestinal (GI) resistance to MTX. In the present study we evaluated foreign gene expression at the RNA level in the three major sites of MTX toxicity: intestine, liver, and bone marrow. The transgene was transcriptionally active in small bowel, and levels of expression were high in animals tolerating the largest doses of MTX. The gene was also expressed in the liver in some pedigrees, but was not detected in hemopoietic tissues of any of the pedigrees tested. Our studies correlate the site of expression of a drug resistant dhfr gene with an altered physiologic response to MTX, and demonstrate that transgenic mice can be used as a test system for expression of genes considered for use in somatic gene therapy.
Effects of an Undergraduate Career Class on Men's and Women's Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy and Vocational Identity

The current study hypothesized that undergraduates enrolled in a career explorations course would report significant gains in career decision-making self-efficacy and vocational identity during a semester. A repeated measures MANOVA was used to assess 88 students' precourse and postcourse self-efficacy for five tasks related to career decision making. Results revealed that students reported significantly more adaptive self-efficacy beliefs following the career course. Furthermore, a time by gender interaction indicated the course was especially effective for increasing women's judgments of efficacy for career planning and problem solving. Subsequent analyses indicated that students also reported a stronger sense of vocational identity following the course. Results from this study contribute to current research and practice by revealing how interventions may affect undergraduates' career-related beliefs.
Markerless kinematic model and motion capture from volume sequences

An approach for model-free markerless motion capture of articulated kinematic structures is presented. This approach is centered our method for generating underlying nonlinear axes (or a skeleton curve) from the volume of an arbitrary rigid-body model. We describe the use of skeleton curves for deriving a kinematic model and motion (in the form of joint angles over time) from a captured volume sequence. Our motion capture method uses a skeleton curve, found in each frame of a volume sequence, to automatically determine kinematic postures. These postures are then aligned to determine a common kinematic model for the volume sequence. The derived kinematic model is then reapplied to each frame in the volume sequence to find the motion suited to this model. We demonstrate our method for several types of motion from synthetically generated volume sequences with arbitrary kinematic topology and human volume sequences captured from a set of multiple calibrated cameras.
Enhancement of mixing in high-speed heated jets using a counterflowing nozzle

An experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of annular counterflow on the mixing of high-speed subsonic jets and slightly underexpanded supersonic jets. Suction was applied to a collar placed concentrically about a converging nozzle to create a counterflowing stream around the jet periphery. The primary jet was operated at exist Mach numbers between 0.4 and 1.2, for stagnation temperatures from 20 to 400 o C. The results show that moderate levels of counterflow can be used to enhance the mixing between the jet and surrounding fluid. Furthermore, the counterflow control technique becomes more effective as the jet temperature is increased
Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain pine beetle activity in the southern Rocky Mountains

The current mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in the southern Rocky Mountains has impacted ;750 000 ha of forest. Weather and habitat heterogeneity influence forest insect population dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Comparison of forest insect population dynamics in two principal host species may elucidate the relative contribution of weather and landscape factors in initiating and driving extensive outbreaks. To investigate potential drivers of the current MPB outbreak, we compared broadscale spatiotemporal patterns of MPB activity in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from 1996 to 2010 in Colorado and southern Wyoming with regional weather fluctuations, and then tracked the annual meso-scale progression of the epidemic in lodgepole pine with respect to weather, topographic, previous MPB activity, and forest stand attributes. MPB activity in lodgepole pine compared to ponderosa pine showed higher magnitude and extent of spatial synchrony. Warm temperatures and low annual precipitation favorable to beetle populations showed high regional synchrony across areas of both pine species, suggesting that habitat interacts with weather in synchronizing MPB populations. Cluster analysis of time series patterns identified multiple, disjunct locations of incipient MPB activity (epicenters) in lodgepole pine, which overlapped an earlier 1980s MPB outbreak, and suggests a regional trigger (drought) across this homogenous forest type. Negative departures from mean annual precipitation played a key role in subsequent spread of MPB outbreak. Development of the outbreak was also associated with lower elevations, greater dominance by lodgepole pine, stands of larger tree size, and stands with higher percentage canopy cover. After epidemic levels of MPB activity were attained, MPB activity was less strongly associated with stand and weather variables. These results emphasize the importance of considering differences in patterns of MPB dynamics for different host pine species even under similar regional-scale weather variation and the nonstationarity of outbreak dynamics over time.
Finite element analysis of interface cracking in semiconductor packages

The application of enriched crack tip finite elements for the prediction of interface fracture parameters, e.g., strain energy release rate and mixed mode stress intensity factors, is presented. Of particular interest, is the comparison between fracture results obtained from two-dimensional (2-D) models and related three-dimensional (3-D) (generalized plane strain) calculations. These results show that for thermal cycling problems, one cannot anticipate 3-D fracture results based on 2-D calculations alone, i.e., plane stress, plane strain, and axisymmetric models. On the other hand, it is shown that the 2-D models are quite adequate for modeling interface fracture in the case of pressure loading on the interface, e.g., pressure due to water vapor expansion during solder reflow. The fracture results presented in this paper were obtained using special enriched crack tip elements that contain the analytic asymptotic displacement and stress field. Enriched crack tip elements for 2-D and 3-D elements are shown to provide highly accurate results for simulating debonding in semiconductor packages subjected to thermal cycling and/or moisture absorption.
Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, Rodriguez v. City of Houston, and Remedial Rationing

Criminal procedure rights are most commonly thought of as adduced and enforced in the context of criminal proceedings, in the course of which defendants litigate criminal procedure guarantees and thereby both obtain individual relief and, the story goes, generate systemic incentives for the conduct of law enforcement. This regulatory process also occurs, however, though civil litigation of criminal procedure rights, most commonly through the federal civil rights statute 42 U.S.C. s. 1983. This recursive dynamic is eschewed, however, by what this short essay identifies as a recent trend of "remedial rationing" in the Supreme Court's criminal procedure jurisprudence: the cabining of criminal procedure litigation in either the criminal or civil realms. The Supreme Court's recent Confrontation Clause decision in the criminal case Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts, and a recent civil rights verdict in the case Rodriguez v. City of Houston - both cases that concern constitutional limitations on the conduct of law enforcement with respect to forensic science practices - provide an opportunity to reflect on the limits of both criminal and civil litigation as mechanisms for generating law enforcement incentives, and to consider the possible coordinate and synergistic advantages of the availability of both remedial regimes. Such a dynamic suggests that the Court's “remedial rationing” approach is misguided.
Multi-stage Modeling of Lüders Elongation and Work-Hardening Behaviors of Ferrite Steels Under Tension

For structural and engineering steels, accurate modeling of stress–strain relation of ferrite phase is of particular importance, since the modeling results could benefit new material system design and process-microstructure-property analysis. Several modeling efforts have been made to achieve this target. However, few efforts have been put on the Luders elongation behavior of ferrite. As a result, the modeling results from proposed models do not match well with experimental data, particularly at a relatively low-strain range. Furthermore, without the consideration of yield point elongation due to the formation of Luders bands, additional calibration parameters are required to capture the stress level of stress–strain curves. In this work, a multi-stage model is developed to predict the stress–strain relation of ferrite phase steel under room temperature tension. This model is capable of capturing the grain size effect on both Luders elongation and work-hardening behaviors of ferrite. The modeling results are extensively validated by experimental data.
When Multiple Disasters Strike: Louisiana Fishers in the Aftermath of Hurricanes and the British Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Relatively few studies in the research literature on technological disasters include commercial fishers whose livelihood, culture, and way of life are all deeply tied to bayous and natural waterways for generations. In this chapter, we address the impact of the 2010 British Petroleum (BP) Deepwater Horizon oil spill on commercial fishers sampled from two coastal parishes (counties) in south Louisiana. The individuals who provided the qualitative interviews upon which this chapter is based were participants in a larger study on long-term recovery from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita that devastated the US Gulf Coast in 2005. All respondents were exposed to the 2005 Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the 2008 Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, and most recently the 2010 BP oil spill. We begin with a brief review of the literature on the psychosocial impact of disasters and examine the related concept of cumulative adversity. Content analysis of qualitative data from interviews conducted at least 12 months after the oil spill yielded three emergent themes which we present here: (1) Troubled Present, Uncertain Future; (2) Environmental Devastation; and (3)The “Pileup” Effect After a Decade of Disasters. Implications for individuals and families who have been directly impacted by the BP oil spill are considered.
Effect of Water Vapor on the Redox Reactions of Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Combustion

Iron-based oxygen carriers (OCs) have been the focus of studies at the Center for Applied Energy Research (CAER), University of Kentucky, for the application of chemical looping combustion (CLC) to solid fuels. Freeze granulation (FG) was chosen as a method to produce Fe2O3 on an alumina (Al2O3) OC of appropriate particle size for separation from ash and reactivity to oxidize a coal char in a bench-scale fluid-bed reactor. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the iron oxide transformations, which would occur under CLC fuel reactor conditions, including gas compositions similar to CLC syngas concentrations. A FG OC composed of 50:50 Fe2O3/Al2O3 and a commercial Fe2O3 powder were tested in a thermal analyzer equipped with a water vapor (WV) furnace and a WV generator and coupled to a mass spectrometer (TGMS). This TGMS system allowed for testing of OCs under simulated CLC reducing reactor conditions containing WV. Two reducing gas concentrations consistent with potential syngas in a CLC...
Determination of theophylline concentrations by accuLevel

Determination of theophylline concentrations in 29 paired venous samples by AccuLevel and EMIT disclosed excellent correlation. Evaluation of precision of AccuLevel by 20 replicate analyses disclosed a coefficient of variation of 3.5%. AccuLevel is an accurate, precise, rapid method of determination of theophylline concentrations in whole blood.
The impact of European Commission merger regulation on US domestic M&As

Abstract We study the wealth effects of the European Commission’s (EC) merger regulation on the shareholders of the acquiring and target firms in US domestic mergers, as well as their international rivals. We find that regulatory investigation and oversight by the EC in purely domestic US mergers engendered a significant financial cost to the merger deals. Over the 1990–2010 sample period, the combined firms (acquirer and target) in the average deal in our sample lost about $8 billion in shareholder value. Rival firms in the US, EU countries, and other international markets were also financially penalized by EC intervention. Our results provide evidence of the negative impact of extraterritorial regulatory intervention (“economic nationalism”) in the mergers and acquisitions market.
Diagnostic concepts and the prevention of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia has long been recognized as a devastating disorder for patients and their families. Although substantial progress has been achieved in both its diagnosis and treatment, and in understanding the disorder’s neurobiological substrates, a full understanding of its origins and pathogenic mechanisms remains elusive. One obstacle to better understanding the causes of schizophrenia may be its diagnostic criteria (1). The DSM-IV and other nosologies provide a foundation for clinical diagnosis, but there is little basis for regarding the DSM’s operational definition as the “true” construct of schizophrenia. In the 1970s and 1980s, narrow diagnostic criteria for disorders like schizophrenia were needed to improve the reliability of clinical diagnoses. Research has also benefited from the reliability of recent DSMs, in that clinical characteristics of samples are more standardized across studies and thus more easily replicated. Moreover, the use of stringent diagnostic criteria laid the groundwork for studies to assess and demonstrate the validity of schizophrenia. For example, schizophrenia can be delineated from other disorders, it shows familial loading, and it demonstrates predictable measures of outcome. Yet, despite the many benefits of classification systems such as the DSM, could the classification of schizophrenia be improved by integrating current knowledge with existing conceptual and classificatory schemes? In other words, can the reliability of the DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia be retained while its validity is increased? In this context, at least 3 limitations of the current DSM diagnosis can be addressed: its view that schizophrenia is a discrete category, its use of descriptive criteria that ignore information about the etiology
Multilevel Mediation With Small Samples: A Cautionary Note on the Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Framework

Multilevel structural equation modeling (ML-SEM) for multilevel mediation is noted for its flexibility over a system of multilevel models (MLMs). Sample size requirements are an overlooked limitation of ML-SEM (100 clusters is recommended). We find that 89% of ML-SEM studies have fewer than 100 clusters and the median number is 44. Furthermore, 75% of ML-SEM studies implement 2–1–1 or 1–1–1 models, which can be equivalently fit with MLMs. MLMs theoretically have lower sample size requirements, although studies have yet to assess small sample performance for multilevel mediation. We conduct a simulation to address this pervasive problem. We find that MLMs have more desirable small sample performance and can be trustworthy with 10 clusters. Importantly, many studies lack the sample size and model complexity to necessitate ML-SEM. Although ML-SEM is undeniably more flexible and uniquely positioned for difficult problems, small samples often can be more effectively and simply addressed with MLMs.
A Comparison of Inflammatory Responses Between Robotically Enhanced Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Implications for Hybrid Revascularization

Objective The inflammatory response elicited by robotically enhanced coronary artery bypass grafting (r-CABG) has not been well described. When r-CABG is performed as part of hybrid coronary revascularization, the inflammatory milieu and the timing of percutaneous coronary intervention may affect the stent patency negatively in the short and long term. The goal of this study was to describe the extent and time course of cytokine release after r-CABG compared with conventional CABG (c-CABG) and to elucidate the optimal timing for r-CABG in the setting of hybrid coronary revascularization for a future study. Design Prospective, observational study. Setting Tertiary-care center in a university hospital. Participants The study comprised patients scheduled to undergo r-CABG or c-CABG from October 2012 to November 2014. Interventions Cytokine levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10; tumor necrosis factor-α; and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at the following time points: preprocedure; at the end of the procedure; and at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the procedure. Measurements and Main Results Twenty-eight patients undergoing r-CABG and 10 patients undergoing c-CABG were enrolled. The levels of cytokines after r-CABG and c-CABG were compared using the mixed-effect linear regression model for longitudinal data. Cytokine release in the r-CABG group was comparatively less for IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, and CRP levels. They all trended toward the baseline by the 48th hour in both groups, except CRP levels, which reached their peak at 48 hours in both groups. Conclusions The inflammatory response to r-CABG was blunted compared with that of c-CABG. The high CRP levels on the second postoperative day after r-CABG were a cause for concern in regard to percutaneous coronary intervention performed at that time period, but additional studies are necessary.
Real Flight to Safety

Is investment in public sector capital inadequate in the U.S.? The answer is yes from investors' perspective. This paper takes an asset pricing approach to evaluating the overall (in)adequacy of public sector investment. I propose a two-sector general equilibrium model that demonstrates how the share of public sector capital may enter the pricing kernel. From this theory I derive a factor pricing model with shocks to the public sector investment share ("PUB shocks") as a risk factor. I confront the factor model with a variety of test assets and find that PUB shocks are priced and carry a consistently positive price of risk. I find further support from the analysis of a sample of U.S. government contractors: I postulate that the extent to which a firm depends on government customers for revenue is a relevant proxy for its exposure to public sector investment. I find that high-dependency firms (that is, firms with greater sales to government relative to their total sales) provide a 7.4% higher average return annually compared to low-dependency firms. A subsample analysis reveals that this return spread is widening as the public sector investment share declines; it implies a growing shortfall in public sector investment in recent years.
Resistance of Selected Cultivars of Indian Hawthorn to Entomosporium Leaf Spot, Fireblight, and Anthracnose in Alabama

Abstract Resistance of 19 cultivars of Indian hawthorn (R. umbellata and R. × delacourii) to the diseases Entomosporium leaf spot (Entomosporiummespili), fireblight (Erwinia amylovora), and anthracnose (Colletotrichium gloeosporioides) was evaluated in a simulated landscape planting in Brewton, AL. Although symptoms of Entomosporium leaf spot were observed each year on the foliage of all cultivars, significant differences in disease severity were noted. Over the four-year test period, the lowest level of leaf spotting and premature leaf shed was consistently seen on Indian Princess® and Olivia™. Significant differences in the susceptibility of Indian hawthorn cultivars to fireblight, particularly in 1997 and 1998, were also noted. ‘Janice’ and ‘Jack Evans’, which proved particularly susceptible to this disease, resulted in the death on nearly all plants. In those same years, minor fireblight damage was also seen on Olivia™. Noticeable anthracnose-induced leaf damage and premature defoliation was recorded ...
Expression profiling of genes regulated by sphingosine kinase1 signaling in a murine model of hyperoxia induced neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Sphingosine- 1-Phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid and an intracellular as well as an extracellular signaling molecule. S1P ligand specifically binds to five related cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-5). S1P levels are tightly regulated by its synthesis catalyzed by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) 1 & 2 and catabolism by S1P phosphatases, lipid phosphate phosphatases and S1P lyase. We previously reported that knock down of SphK1 (Sphk1 −/− ) in a neonatal mouse BPD model conferred significant protection against hyperoxia induced lung injury. To better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, genome-wide gene expression profiling was performed on mouse lung tissue using Affymetrix MoGene 2.0 array. Two-way ANOVA analysis was performed and differentially expressed genes under hyperoxia were identified using Sphk1 −/− mice and their wild type (WT) equivalents. Pathway (PW) enrichment analyses identified several signaling pathways that are likely to play a key role in hyperoxia induced lung injury in the neonates. These included signaling pathways that were anticipated such as those involved in lipid signaling, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage/apoptosis, inflammation/immune response, and cell adhesion/extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We noted hyperoxia induced downregulation of the expression of genes related to mitotic spindle formation in the WT which was not observed in Sphk1 −/− neonates. Our data clearly suggests a role for SphK1 in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury through elevated inflammation and apoptosis in lung tissue. Further, validation by RT-PCR on 24 differentially expressed genes showed 83% concordance both in terms of fold change and vectorial changes. Our findings are in agreement with previously reported human BPD microarray data and completely support our published in vivo findings. In addition, the data also revealed a significant role for additional unanticipitated signaling pathways involving Wnt and GADD45. Using SphK1 knockout mice and differential gene expression analysis, we have shown here that S1P/SphK1 signaling plays a key role in promoting hyperoxia induced DNA damage, inflammation, apoptosis and ECM remodeling in neonatal lungs. It also appears to suppress pro-survival cellular responses involved in normal lung development. We therefore propose SphK1 as a therapeutic target for the development drugs to combat BPD.
Antimetabolites Reduce the Activities of Enzymes with Short Half-Lives in Addition to Inhibiting their Specific Targets

In evolution two pathways emerged for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides. The de novo biosynthetic pathway assembles nucleotides from small building blocks. By contrast, the salvage pathways provide mechanisms to recycle nucleosides and bases from the dead cells of tissues and from the blood stream1. In some lower organisms only one of these pathways operates2. However, in mammalians both de novo and salvage pathways function in all tissues. It has been recognized in the past 10 years that the activities of salvage enzymes in each of the biosynthetic segments of metabolism are markedly higher than those of the rate-limiting enzymes of de novo biosynthesis1.
Current and Future Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies against Bacteria in Veterinary Medicine

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current and future applications of monoclonal antibodies against bacteria in veterinary medicine. It discusses the existing applications of monoclonal antibodies, including the use of pilus-specific monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization of calves and piglets against enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) infections as well as the development of rapid diagnostic test kits for field diagnosis of EPEC infections. The potential applications of monoclonal antibodies for passive immunization against a variety of veterinary pathogens are passive immunization against Moraxella bovis (pinkeye), Bacteroides nodosus (foot rot), EPEC enterotoxin (enteric colibacillosis), Pasteurella haemolytica (pneumonic pasteurellosis), and Streptococcus equi (strangles). Three main areas of application for monoclonal antibodies against bacterial antigens in veterinary medicine are passive immunization, improved immunodiagnostics, and immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies, because of their specificity, unlimited availability, and high titer, represent excellent passive immunizing agents. However, their potential usefulness in preventing infection must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Discussion on Section IV

The presentations in this session, and the discussions that followed, revolved principally around four topics: Do different types of neurn express plasticity to different degrees or in different wats? What are th stimulus conditions necessary to evoke modifications in neuronal responsivity? What are the mechanisms that underlie the various kinds of plasticity? And, what is the function of lamina I projection neurons with regards to pain perception and stimulus-evoked plasticity? It is apparent that definitive answers are not near to hand and that tese questions will occupy a great deal of our research efforts in the future.
Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Schizophrenia

While current treatments for schizophrenia often provide much relief for positive symptoms such as hallucinations, other symptoms, particularly cognitive deficits, persist and contribute to substantial suffering and reduced quality of life for patients. In searching for novel therapeutic avenues to treat cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, recent work is exploring nicotinic receptor neurobiology. Supported by a large body of evidence, with contributions from studies of smoking behaviors, genetics, receptor distribution and function, animal models and nicotinic effects on illness symptoms, the alpha7 nicotinic receptor has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Despite promise in early clinical trials, however, no drug targeting nicotinic systems has succeeded in larger phase 3 trials. Following a brief review of nicotinic receptor biology and the evidence that has led to pursuit of alpha7 nicotinic agonism as a therapeutic strategy, this review will provide an update on the status of recent trials, discuss potential issues that may have contributed to negative outcomes, and point to new directions and promising advances in developing alpha7 nicotinic receptor-based treatment for cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Implications By examining alpha7 nicotinic receptor biology and recent efforts to target the receptor in clinical trials, it is hoped that investigators will be motivated to explore novel, promising directions focusing on the receptor as a strategy to treat cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
A New Approach to Executory Contracts

Few bankruptcy topics have bedeviled courts—and busied commentators—as much as executory contracts. Perhaps the most nettlesome challenge is the problem of defining “executoriness,” which serves as the statutory gatekeeper to Section 365 of the Bankruptcy Code and its extraordinary powers. Elite lawyers, who are the closest approximation to chapter 11 repeat players, have no ex ante incentive to fix a definition; in part succumbing to a vividness bias, they want to exploit executoriness’s inherent ambiguity to select the definition perceived to be most advantageous in any given case ad hoc. From Westbrook to Countryman before, authors have struggled to find a coherent and normatively defensible definition of executoriness (including Westbrook’s call for its abolition) that would stop this gamesmanship, and even the American Bankruptcy Institute’s Review Commission has now entered the debate. This article takes a new approach. It suggests abandoning the bootless task of finding the right test and concedes that executoriness is here to stay. This new approach focuses on the residuum of the “non-executory contract.” Using the policies, structure, and text of the Code, it argues that many of Section 365’s provisions can be synthetically replicated elsewhere. Doing so will blunt the strategic incentive to invest resources fighting the absence or presence of executoriness ab initio by scuttling the payoff. Concomitant gains will accrue to all.
“Racists,” “Class Anxieties,” Hegemonic Racism, and Democracy in Trump’s America:

In this address, I challenge dominant narratives explaining the rise of Trumpism in America. Specifically, I dispute four ideas that have emerged to account for Trump’s election. First, I suggest t...
Curcumin, a turmeric extract, for oral lichen planus: A systematic review

Objective Conduct a PROSPERO registered (CRD42018105227) systematic review of the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). Data sources Medline from the earliest possible date to the present (December 18, 2018) using the terms "turmeric" OR "curcumin" OR "curcuma" AND "oral lichen planus". Study selection and data extraction Studies assessing patient outcomes in OLP. There were four trials assessing the comparative efficacy of topical curcumin vs. topical corticosteroids and three trials assessing the efficacy of oral curcumin vs. placebo. Data synthesis Clinical and methodological heterogeneity precluded statistical pooling. There were many limitations in the literature weakening the strength and applicability of evidence. Topical curcumin provided reductions in pain, burning, and clinical manifestations of OLP versus baseline, effects similar or inferior to topical corticosteroids. In oral curcumin trials, there were no significant benefits of curcumin therapy versus placebo but there were some potential benefits and reasonable safety in an observational extension study. Conclusions It is difficult to determine whether topical or oral curcumin is a viable therapy for oral lichen planus. Topically applied curcumin in particular shows promising preliminary data but would likely not supplant topical corticosteroids as the modality of choice for most patients.
Nanocomposite materials in orthopedic applications

This chapter is an introduction to nanocomposite materials and its classifications with emphasis on orthopedic application. It covers different types of matrix nanocomposites including ceramics, metal, polymer and natural-based nanocomposites with the main features and applications in the orthopedic. In addition, it presents structure, composition, and biomechanical features of bone as a natural nanocomposite. Finally, it deliberately presents developing methods for nanocomposites bone grafting.
Limit state design criteria for FRP strengthening of RC bridge components

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials provide novel, effective and potentially economical solutions for rehabilitating and strengthening existing reinforced and pre-stressed concrete bridges, buildings and other structures where deterioration has occurred or performance requirements have changed. FRP composites may be designed to act as external flexural, shear or confinement reinforcement to increase the load capacity of the strengthened structural components. This paper summarizes research to develop technical support for practical limit state (strength) design criteria for repair and strengthening of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete bridge elements for compression and/or flexure using externally bonded FRP composite systems. The limit state design criteria take uncertainties in structural strength and stiffness into account using structural reliability methods, and will support and enhance the use of FRP materials in civil construction by providing engineers with rational guidelines for repair and strengthening.
RF field strength control and an envelope detector

A brief description of a radio-frequency (RF) field strength controller is presented along with an experiment to test the long-term RF field strength stability of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Active control of RF field strengths may be necessary for quantitative measurements of NMR parameters, especially when experiments require days to run. An envelope detector, easily incorporated in any spectrometer, is also presented. The envelope detector provides an easy way to observe the pulse sequence on an inexpensive oscilloscope and can be useful in troubleshooting.
Development of Propositions on Human Cognitive Abilities Matching Impacts on Accounting Job Performance

The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the matching factors between the human expectation of accounting job cognitive ability needed and the actual cognitive ability requirement of those jobs and how this relationship impacts job performance. First, based on the human information processing theory and previous research of cognitive ability analysis related to jobs, this paper proposes a research model to analyze the cognitive abilities’ matching factors between human expectation and actual job requirements of accounting jobs. Secondly, seven propositions are developed based on this research model. Thirdly, an instrument is developed to quantitatively measure these matching factors on job performance. Finally, theoretical and practical implications associated with the accounting job design also presented in this paper.
The impact of a new curriculum on medical students' interest in and knowledge of health systems science.

Abstract In this analysis, we describe medical student interest in and knowledge of health systems science (HSS) during the launching of a new curriculum. We surveyed first year students (MS1s) before and after exposure to a new HSS curriculum. MS1s demonstrated a 16% increase in HSS knowledge post-curriculum. Interest in HSS was high in MS1s before (90%) and after (88%) the curriculum when compared to MS3s (72%). The implementation of a longitudinal HSS curriculum may increase knowledge and maintain interest in the subject.
The Information Content of NAV Estimates

This paper investigates whether analysts’ estimates of firm fundamental value transmit unique information to security markets. Previous work has not studied analyst value estimates because of the scarcity of the release of such data. This study circumvents that limitation by considering the one type of firm for which a large sample of value estimates, known as the net asset value (NAV), exists: Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Using a sample of 200 Equity REITs from 2001 to 2015, we document significant abnormal returns and share turnover on the announcement date of NAV revisions. This response is consistent with market reactions to announcements of other types of analysts’ estimates: earnings forecasts, price targets, and buy/sell recommendations. Our findings remain significant after controlling for these, suggesting the information contained in NAV revisions is incremental to that contained in other analyst estimates. Consistent with efficient information transmission, the market absorbs this new information quickly and completely.
Cytokine Registry In Stroke Patients (CRISP): Protocol of a prospective observational study.

Inflammation is an important pathophysiological process after an acute stroke (AS). Pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules (cytokines and interleukins) are the key players during this mechanism. Emerging evidence indicate that these molecules can serve as biomarkers of stroke progression and outcome and as novel therapeutics agents. The aim of this study is to explore the temporal changes in these molecules and validate them as biomarker of AS progression and neurological outcome.The "Cytokine Registry In Stroke Patients (CRISP)" is a prospective cohort study of 600 AS patients presenting to the tertiary hospital with-in 24 h of the onset of symptoms. Plasma cytokines and interleukins will be collected at admission and 24 h after and will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the difference in their variation among different gender, race and ethnicity and their association with various neurological outcomes. The primary exposures are biological sex (male, female) and race/ethnicity. Confounding variables include age, vascular risk factors, infarct size, stroke onset to presentation time, and identified stroke etiologies. Matched controls will be used for the comparison and evaluation of the difference among gender and race/ethnicities.CRISP is a prospective observational study that investigates the role and relationship of molecular biomarkers identifying specific and relevant targets pertinent for monitoring the progression and outcome in AS patients.Trial Registration: The study is registered on ClinicalTrial.gov: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT03297827).
Online Stochastic Gradient Descent Learns Linear Dynamical Systems from A Single Trajectory.

This work investigates the problem of estimating the weight matrices of a stable time-invariant linear dynamical system from a single sequence of noisy measurements. We show that if the unknown weight matrices describing the system are in Brunovsky canonical form, we can efficiently estimate the ground truth unknown matrices of the system from a linear system of equations formulated based on the transfer function of the system, using both online and offline stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods. Specifically, by deriving concrete complexity bounds, we show that SGD converges linearly in expectation to any arbitrary small Frobenius norm distance from the ground truth weights. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work to establish linear convergence characteristics for online and offline gradient-based iterative methods for weight matrix estimation in linear dynamical systems from a single trajectory. Extensive numerical tests verify that the performance of the proposed methods is consistent with our theory, and show their superior performance relative to existing state of the art methods.
Upgrade of the gated laser entrance hole imager G-LEH-2 on the National Ignition Facility.

A major upgrade has been implemented for the ns-gated laser entrance hole imager on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to obtain high-quality data for Hohlraum physics study. In this upgrade, the single “Furi” hCMOS sensor (1024 × 448 pixel arrays with two-frame capability) is replaced with dual “Icarus” sensors (1024 × 512 pixel arrays with four-frame capability). Both types of sensors were developed by Sandia National Laboratories for high energy density physics experiments. With the new Icarus sensors, the new diagnostic provides twice the detection area with improved uniformity, wider temporal coverage, flexible timing setup, and greater sensitivity to soft x rays (<2 keV). These features, together with the fact that the diagnostic is radiation hardened and can be operated on the NIF for high neutron yield deuterium–triterium experiments, enable significantly greater return of data per experiment.
Critical Involvement of TFIIB in Viral Pathogenesis.

Viral infections and the harm they cause to their host are a perpetual threat to living organisms. Pathogenesis and subsequent spread of infection requires replication of the viral genome and expression of structural and non-structural proteins of the virus. Generally, viruses use transcription and translation machinery of the host cell to achieve this objective. The viral genome encodes transcriptional regulators that alter the expression of viral and host genes by manipulating initiation and termination steps of transcription. The regulation of the initiation step is often through interactions of viral factors with gene specific factors as well as general transcription factors. Among the general transcription factors, TFIIB (Transcription Factor IIB) is a frequent target during viral pathogenesis. TFIIB is utilized by a plethora of viruses including human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, Thogoto virus, hepatitis virus, Epstein-Barr virus and gammaherpesviruses to alter gene expression. A number of viral transcriptional regulators exhibit a direct interaction with host TFIIB in order to accomplish expression of their genes and to repress host transcription. Some viruses have evolved proteins with a three-dimensional structure very similar to TFIIB, demonstrating the importance of TFIIB for viral persistence. Upon viral infection, host transcription is selectively altered with viral transcription benefitting. The nature of viral utilization of TFIIB for expression of its own genes, along with selective repression of host antiviral genes and downregulation of general host transcription, makes TFIIB a potential candidate for antiviral therapies.
Bank Monitoring and Managerial Procrastination: Evidence from the Timing of Earnings Announcements

I examine the role of bank monitoring in the timing of earnings announcements. Managers have been shown to procrastinate and delay the public release of bad news on earnings. I find that banks discipline and prevent such managerial procrastination of earnings disclosures to the public. Moreover, I find that the market is more tolerant of delays in the public release of earnings information in the presence of a bank lending relationship. Thus, the negative abnormal return accompanying late releases of earnings information is observed only when a bank lending relationship is not present.
Freeblock scheduling outside of disk firmware

Freeblock scheduling replaces a disk drive's rotational latency delays with useful background media transfers, potentially allowing background disk I/O to occur with no impact on foreground service times. To do so, a freeblock scheduler must be able to very accurately predict the service time components of any given disk request -- the necessary accuracy was not previously considered achievable outside of disk firmware. This paper describes the design and implementation of a working external freeblock scheduler running either as a user-level application atop Linux or inside the FreeBSD kernel. This freeblock scheduler can give 15% of a disk's potential bandwidth (over 3.1MB/s) to a background disk scanning task with almost no impact (less than 2%) on the foreground request response times. This can increase disk bandwidth utilization by over 6×.
Dissimilation of glucose and gluconic acid by Pseudomonas natriegens

Eagon, R. G. (University of Georgia, Athens) and C. H. Wang. Dissimilation of glucose and gluconic acid by Pseudomonas natriegens. J. Bacteriol. 83:879-886. 1962-When glucose dissimilation of a marine pseudomonad, Pseudomonas natriegens, was studied, enzymes of both the glycolytic pathway and of the hexose monophosphate pathway were detected in extracts of glucose-grown cells. Enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and phosphoketolase were not detected. Data from radiorespirometric experiments indicated that approximately 92 and 8% of glucose actually catabolized were routed via the glycolytic and the hexose monophosphate pathways, respectively. When P. natriegens was induced to utilize gluconate, it was demonstrated that gluconokinase and enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway were induced. Radiorespirometric experiments with cells under growing conditions revealed that gluconate was dissimilated predominantly (80%) via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. This observation was in contrast to the observation that the glycolytic pathway is practically the exclusive catabolic pathway for glucose dissimilation. A minor portion of substrate gluconate was also catabolized by this organism via the hexosemonophosphate pathway. However, the pentose phosphate derived from substrate gluconate is believed not to be catabolized extensively.The important facet uncovered by these experiments was the extensive operation of the glycolytic route of glucose dissimilation. This is in contrast to other pseudomonads studied to date, which have been reported to dissimilate glucose predominantly via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and which do not utilize the glycolytic pathway.