cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of transverse and spin-lattice relaxation based electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen images

Recent experiments have shown that transverse relaxation (TR) T 2 -based in vivo oxygen electron paramagnetic resonance imaging results are confounded by the effects of additional relaxation mechanisms. On the contrary, spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) T1-based oxymetry is more precise and nearly free from those interfering mechanisms. In this article we study the differences between TR and SLR in vivo images by varying the spin probe concentration in an animal. We demonstrate that the dominant mechanism that differentiates TR and SLR images is the spin probe intermolecular interaction. The concentration dependence of TR observed in vivo is up to factor of three stronger than that in phantoms. We hypothesize that this difference is due to spin probe occupying only a small portion of the overall volume of an animal - the extracellular space. This leads to underestimation of the spin probe concentration and, hence, overestimation of concentration dependence coefficient. On the other hand, the imaging of the concentration dependence TR enhancement in vivo may allow investigation of the ratio of extra- and intra- cellular volumes, which is of interest for cancer biology and biomedical applications.
Data-Parallel Compiler Support for Multipartitioning

Multipartitioning is a skewed-cyclic block distribution that yields better parallel efficiency and scalability for line-sweep computations than traditionalb lock partitionings. This paper describes extensions to the Rice dHPF compiler for High Performance Fortran that enable it to support multipartitioned data distributions and optimizations that enable dHPF to generate efficient multipartitioned code. We describe experiments applying these techniques to parallelize serial versions of the NAS SP and BT application benchmarks and show that the performance of the code generated by dHPF is approaching that of hand-coded parallelizations based on multipartitioning.
INFLUENCE OF AGING ON THE ELECTROPHORETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TURKEY BREAST MUSCLE

Electrophoretic patterns of myofibrillar proteins and the ultrastructure of turkey breast muscle aged 0–48 hr were studied. Electrophoretic patterns indicated that protein aggregates were present in aged but not in unaged (0-hr) muscle. Tropomyosin was present in 0-hr muscle but not in muscle aged 3 hr or longer. General structural deterioration was noted as muscle aged. H-zones were absent and M-lines sometimes were displaced in transmission electron micrographs of post-rigor muscle. Z-lines lost their pre-rigor density while corresponding transverse elements in scanning electron micrographs flattened during aging. Spaces developed between fibrils indicating loss of lateral attachments and breaks at the Z-line were noted. Although protein and ultrastructural changes were limited, they possibly account for postmortem decrease in shear values.
A Hierarchical Model-based approach to Systems Health Management

Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) provides the ability to maintain system health and performance over the life of a system. For safety-critical systems, ISHM must maintain safe operations while increasing availability by preserving functionality and minimizing downtime. This paper discusses a model-based approach to ISHM that combines fault detection, isolation and identification, fault-adaptive control, and prognosis into a common framework. At the core of this framework are a set of component oriented physical system models. By incorporating physics of failure models into component models the dynamic behavior of a failing or degrading system can be derived by simulation. Current state information predicts future behavior and performance of the system to guide decision making on system operation and maintenance. We demonstrate our approach on the fluid loop of a secondary sodium cooling loop of a nuclear reactor system. We model the fluid loop at the system level and a generic pump system at the component level. Monitoring and diagnosis at the system level may point to faults and degradation in components, e.g., the pump. A more detailed analysis of the pump using structural and material models may point to physics of failure models that explain degradation in the pump components. This information can form the basis for prognostic analysis that forms the core methodology for monitoring system performance and decision making for maintenance.
Improving consensus structure by eliminating averaging artifacts

Common structural biology methods (i.e., NMR and molecular dynamics) often produce ensembles of molecular structures. Consequently, averaging of 3D coordinates of molecular structures (proteins and RNA) is a frequent approach to obtain a consensus structure that is representative of the ensemble. However, when the structures are averaged, artifacts can result in unrealistic local geometries, including unphysical bond lengths and angles. Herein, we describe a method to derive representative structures while limiting the number of artifacts. Our approach is based on a Monte Carlo simulation technique that drives a starting structure (an extended or a 'close-by' structure) towards the 'averaged structure' using a harmonic pseudo energy function. To assess the performance of the algorithm, we applied our approach to Cα models of 1364 proteins generated by the TASSER structure prediction algorithm. The average RMSD of the refined model from the native structure for the set becomes worse by a mere 0.08 A compared to the average RMSD of the averaged structures from the native structure (3.28 A for refined structures and 3.36 A for the averaged structures). However, the percentage of atoms involved in clashes is greatly reduced (from 63% to 1%); in fact, the majority of the refined proteins had zero clashes. Moreover, a small number (38) of refined structures resulted in lower RMSD to the native protein versus the averaged structure. Finally, compared to PULCHRA [1], our approach produces representative structure of similar RMSD quality, but with much fewer clashes. The benchmarking results demonstrate that our approach for removing averaging artifacts can be very beneficial for the structural biology community. Furthermore, the same approach can be applied to almost any problem where averaging of 3D coordinates is performed. Namely, structure averaging is also commonly performed in RNA secondary prediction [2], which could also benefit from our approach.
Detection of Fatigue Microdamage in Whole Rat Femora Using Contrast-Enhanced Micro-Computed Tomography

Microdamage in bone tissue results from repetitive mechanical loading, and the accumulation of microdamage has been implicated with increased fracture susceptibility, including stress fractures in active individuals and fragility fractures in the elderly [1–3]. Conventional methods used to detect microdamage in bone are limited to thin histological sections, which are inherently invasive, destructive, tedious and two-dimensional [3]. A non-destructive, three-dimensional (3-D) method would enable correlation of the spatial location and accumulation of microdamage with variations in the mechanical loading and morphology of whole bones.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Two Years of Operational Hurricane Synoptic Surveillance

Abstract In 1997, the National Hurricane Center and the Hurricane Research Division began operational synoptic surveillance missions with the Gulfstream IV-SP jet aircraft to improve the numerical guidance for hurricanes that threaten the continental United States, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Hawaii. During the first two years, 24 missions were conducted. Global positioning system dropwindsondes were released from the aircraft at 150–200-km intervals along the flight track in the environment of each tropical cyclone to obtain profiles of wind, temperature, and humidity from flight level (nearly 150 hPa) to the surface. The observations were processed and formatted aboard the aircraft and sent to NCEP to be ingested into the Global Data Assimilation System, which subsequently served as initial and boundary conditions for a number of numerical models that forecast the track and intensity of tropical cyclones. The current study is an attempt to mimic this process to assess the impact of these operat...
Transformation and Stasis: Two Case Studies of Critical Teacher Education in TESOL

Considering the prominent position of critical work in TESOL and Applied Linguistics, there is a need for detailed investigations of apprentice practitioners' formative interactions with critical ideas in graduate programs and how these affect their willingness to cultivate their own critical pedagogical repertories. Adopting a case study design, this study examines 1) the factors that may have structured two novices' situated understandings of criticality as it was constructed in a graduate TESOL course and 2) how extensively they came to incorporate critical principles into their burgeoning pedagogical philosophies. Results indicate that divergent outcomes of critical teacher education were attributable to disparities in student habitus and opportunities for praxis development more so than experiences of enduring oppression. In order to counteract the marginalization of novices who struggle to adopt vocal and disputative critical personas, the study recommends the use of simulated teaching activities an...
LATERAL DISLOCATION OF THE PATELLA

Simultaneous transplantation of the tibial tubercle and semitendinosus tendon for correction of lateral dislocation of the patella is a rational procedure, and not technically difficult. In twenty-three consecutive cases, there has been no recurrence of the dislocation, and satisfactory function has been maintained in all cases. Various other procedures, previously described, have failed to give the same satisfactory results in our hands.
Complex regional pain syndrome type I: disease or illness construction? Commentary on an article by Marlies I. Bodde, MD, et al.: "Therapy-resistant complex regional pain syndrome type I: to amputate or not?".

The phenomenon of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I), once known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is not well understood. Clinicians are left feeling helpless and frustrated by the lack of effective treatment modalities when patients present with unexpected pain and disability. If this occurs after surgery, the event often strains the surgeon-patient relationship. Even patients who receive the most meticulous and well-executed surgical treatment are at some risk. For the most severe cases, when all else fails, some physicians consider amputation of the extremity to be an option. CRPS-I is diagnosed on the basis of nonspecific, subjective observations; lacks a consensus reference standard; and may prove to be an illness construction1 rather than an actual disease (think “whiplash”). …
Development of a Continuous Fluorescence Assay for Rhinovirus 14 3C Protease Using Synthetic Peptides

Rhinovirus 3C protease is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention owing to its important role in virion maturation and infectivity. In order to facilitate the identification of potential 3C protease inhibitors, we have developed a continuous fluorescence assay using 5-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]naphthalene-1-sulphonic acid (Edans) as a fluorescent donor and 4-(4-dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoic acid (Dabcyl) as a quenching acceptor. Several fluorogenic peptide substrates for 3C protease were synthesized by both solution chemistry and solid phase peptide synthesis. One of the synthetic Edans/Dabcyl substrates, with an amino acid sequence derived from the 2C/3A site of the virus polyprotein, yielded a 24-fold increase in fluorescence intensity after 3C cleavage. Data regarding substrate cleavage kinetics, assay sensitivity and optimization are presented. The application of this assay to the evaluation of 3C protease inhibitors is also shown.
Racism and Bioethics: Experiences and Reflections

Marion Danis, Yolonda Wilson, and Amina White argue correctly that “Bioethicists Can and Should Contribute to Addressing Racism” (2016). My daily bioethics work involves racism–health intersections...
Experimental Investigation into the Aerodynamic Properties of a Flexible and Rigid Wing Micro Air Vehicle

The Air Force Research Lab, Munitions Directorate has designed a man-portable Micro-Air-Vehicle (MAV) used for on-the-spot reconnaissance and post-strike Battle Damage Assessment. The wing on this 24′′ span, 6′′ chord MAV consists of a flexible parachute material attached to a rigid carbon-fiber skeleton, and deforms considerably under aerodynamic loading. The effect this flexible structure has on aerodynamic performance characteristics was assessed in wind tunnel tests at the Air Force Institute of Technology. Forces and moments were measured for the flexible wing MAV and a rigid wing counterpart, enabling the isolation of the effect of flexure. Measurements indicated that increased wing flexure delayed stall and increased the maximum value of L/D by approximately 20 to 30 percent for airspeeds ranging from 20 to 50 miles per hour. The flexible wing MAV displayed static stability in all three principal control axes. The vehicle’s response to control surface deflection was also measured. These deflections resulted in predictable and consistent performance between -10° and +10° deflection. Responses declined steadily after ±10°, and in some circumstances, showed slope sign reversal, evidently due to separation effects. Preliminary Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and XFOIL predictions are presented for the 2-D rigid wing and compared to experimental data.
Intracellular Localization of I131 Tagged Lactogenic Hormone in Mammary Gland of Rabbit

SummaryThe lactogenic-I131-tagged hormone was injected intraductally into the mammary glands of rabbits at the end of pseudopregnancy. After 45 to 95 minutes. the glands were removed and the components of the cells were separated. I t was shown that the radioactive lactogenic hormone was localized, to a great extent, in the particulate iractions of the mammary cells. The nuclei and supernatant portions of the cell contained little hormone. These data suggest that the site of activity of the horrnone is primarily in association with the mitochondria and microsomes of the cells and, therefore, that the particulates of the mammary gland cells play important roles in the synthetic activity oi the cells.
Pretreatment nausea in cancer chemotherapy: A conditioned response?

Many patients receiving cancer chemotherapy become nauseated as they anticipate their treatments. We studied this phenomenon in eighteen cancer chemotherapy patients. The eight patients who reported pretreatment nausea had more extensive disease than the other patients and had received twice as much chemotherapy. In most cases pretreatment nausea developed only a after a number of months of treatment. Nausea was usually precipitated by the odor of the clinic and similar odors elsewhere also caused nausea. Patients continued to experience nausea during follow-up visits after treatment was completed. This syndrome of pretreatment nausea can be understood as a classically conditioned response. Clinical recommendations can be made on this basis.
Application of Hemodialysis and Filtration in Children with Acute Renal Failure

Objective To discuss the application of the hemodialysis and filtration(HDF) in children with acute renal failure(ARF).Methods By Branc Dialog hemodialysis machine of double-pump,HDF for 19 times and hemodialysis(HD) for 21 times were given to the children with ARF.The serum blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),β_2 microglobulin(β_2-MG) and the rate of the heart,blood pressure,temperature were observed before and after HD and HDF.Results The clearance rates of BUN,Cr,UA,(β_2-)MG of HDF were markedly higher than those of HD(P0.01).The incidence rate of hypotension in HDF was lower,none in HDF,5/21 times in HD.As to the unbalanced syndrome,none in HD,3/19 in HDF.Conclusions Compared with HD,HDF is more efficient.The clearance rate of low-molecular-weight protein(such as serum β_2-MG) is higher than that of HD;blood pressure is steady,but the unbalanced syndrome shall be prevented.
Emphysematous pyelonephritis: the impact of urolithiasis on disease severity.

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe infection of the kidney associated with formation of gas in the renal parenchyma and/or collecting system. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis in a contemporary cohort and to evaluate the impact of urolithiasis on disease severity. Methods: A search of all imaging reports at University of California San Francisco (UCSF) for the term “emphysematous pyelonephritis” was undertaken from 2003–2014. Patients were included if there was clinical evidence of infection, no recent urologic instrumentation, and computerized tomography (CT) demonstrating gas in the renal parenchyma or collecting system. Clinical and laboratory variables were obtained from medical records. Results: A total of 14 cases were identified. The majority of patients (57%) had gas confined to the collecting system. Three patients (21%) had gas in the renal parenchyma and 3 patients (21%) had gas extending into perirenal tissues. A total of 8 patients (57%) had concomitant urolithiasis. Seven patients (50%) were managed with antibiotic therapy alone while 6 patients (43%) required percutaneous drainage. No patients required immediate nephrectomy. There were no deaths. Patients with urolithiasis had less severe emphysematous pyelonephritis than patients without urolithiasis (P Conclusions: The majority of patients in this study had gas contained within the collecting system and were treated successfully with antibiotics alone. Percutaneous drainage was successfully utilized in patients with more advanced disease. No patients required emergent nephrectomy. Emphysematous pyelonephritis in patients with urolithiasis was less severe than in patients without urolithiasis.
Advances on the coefficients of bi-prestarlike functions

Abstract Since 1923, when Lowner proved that the inverse of the Koebe function provides the best upper bound for the coefficients of the inverses of univalent functions, finding sharp bounds for the coefficients of the inverses of subclasses of univalent functions turned out to be a challenge. Coefficient estimates for the inverses of such functions proved to be even more involved under the bi-univalency requirement. In this paper, we use the Faber polynomial expansions to find upper bounds for the coefficients of bi-prestarlike functions and consequently advance some of the previously known estimates.
BEST MONOTONE APPROXIMATION AND THE HARDY-LITTLEWOOD MAXIMAL FUNCTION

If f∈L2[0, 1] and g*∈L2[0, 1] is the best non-decreasing approximation to f, then it's shown that ‖f−g*‖2=‖f−θ(f)‖2, where θ(f) denotes the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function of f.
Hyper-Active Non-Homologous End Joining Selects for Synthetic Lethality Resistant and Pathological Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The prominent role of Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins involves homologous recombination (HR) repair. Poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase1 (PARP1) functions in multiple cellular processes including DNA repair and PARP inhibition is an emerging targeted therapy for cancer patients deficient in HR. Here we show that PARP1 activation in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in response to genotoxic or oxidative stress attenuates HSPC exhaustion. Mechanistically, PARP1 controls the balance between HR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in double strand break (DSB) repair by preventing excessive NHEJ. Disruption of the FA core complex skews PARP1 function in DSB repair and led to hyper-active NHEJ in Fanca-/- or Fancc-/- HSPCs. Re-expression of PARP1 rescues the hyper-active NHEJ phenotype in Brca1-/-Parp1-/- but less effective in Fanca-/-Parp1-/- cells. Inhibition of NHEJ prevents myeloid/erythroid pathologies associated with "synthetic lethality" and reduces human engraftment. Our results suggest that hyper-active NHEJ may select for "synthetic lethality" resistant and pathological HSPCs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Meeting students’ special needs in Catholic schools: a report from the USA

Students experience a wide array of special needs, from diagnosed disabilities to cultural and linguistic barriers to traumas. Schools around the world and across public and private sectors struggle to provide optimal opportunities to learn for students experiencing special needs. Moreover, schools typically engage in these efforts in isolation from one another. This article suggests a way to foster greater collaboration to reduce this variation and promote sustained improvement in how schools meet students’ special needs. It applies ‘improvement science’ as a conceptual framework that can guide efforts to address this problem, and focuses on one sector, Catholic schools, which is growing internationally and shares a philosophy of education that places a preferential option on traditionally marginalised students.
High-throughput and label-free parasitemia quantification and stage determination for plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells

This work reports a high throughput and label-free cell deformability microfluidic sensor for quantitative parasitemia measurement and stage determination for Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-iRBCs). As a mechanical biomarker, the RBC deformability is highly relevant to the infection status. The cell deformability is measured by evaluating the translocation time when each individual cell squeezes through a microscale constriction. More than 30,000 RBCs can be analyzed for parasitemia quantification in under 1 min with a throughput ∼500 cells/s. Moreover, the device can also differentiate various malaria stages (ring, trophozoite, and schizont stage) due to their varied deformability. As compared to the microscopy and flow cytometry, this microfluidic deformability sensor would allow for label-free and rapid malaria parasitemia quantification and stage determination at a low-cost.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Based Assessment of Concrete Bridge Deck Delamination Using Thermal and Visible Camera Sensors: A Preliminary Analysis

ABSTRACTInfrared and visible cameras were mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to image bridge deck surfaces and map likely concrete delaminations. The infrared sensor was first tested on laboratory validation experiments, to assess how well it could detect and map delaminations under controlled conditions. Field tests on two bridge deck surfaces further extend the validation dataset to real-world conditions for heterogeneous concrete surfaces. Performance of the mapping instrument and algorithms were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, giving acceptable results. To improve the performance of the mapping by reducing the rate of false positives, i.e., areas wrongly mapped as being affected by delamination, visible images were jointly analyzed with the infrared imagery. The potential for expanding the method to include other products derived from the visible camera data, including high density 3D point locations generated by photogrammetric methods, promises to further i...
Online Simulation of a Root Cause Analysis for Graduate Health Administration Students

Abstract Despite increasing online learning popularity, this environment poses special challenges. Online teaching/learning lacks opportunities to teach interpersonal skills necessary for "real life" careers in healthcare administration. Connected synchronously, 14 graduate students including four registered nurses, all provided a role within the simulated root cause analysis team, were able to analyze a sentinel event followed by a debriefing that utilized the PEARLS methods and a submitted reflective assignment. These students expressed much satisfaction with this exercise, finding new insight and experience in this meaningful learning exercise.
The frequency and temperature dependence of the optical effective mass of conduction electrons in simple metals

Abstract In the i.r. frequency regime, renormalization effects of conduction electrons in a simple metal alters the frequency and temperature dependence of the conductivity. This change in conductivity can be described by a frequency and temperature dependent effective mass. The case of aluminum has been calculated as an example. The results obtained indicate that measurements of the i.r. optical constants as functions of the frequency and temperature can be used to study the variation of the optical effective mass.
Byproductive labor: A feminist theory of affective labor beyond the productive–reproductive distinction

My aim in this paper is to introduce a theory of affective labor as byproductive, a concept I develop through analysis of the phenomenology of various affective labor practices in dialog with femin...
Microbiota dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases: in silico investigation of the oxygen hypothesis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, cause chronic inflammation of the digestive tract in approximately 1.6 million Americans. A signature of IBD is dysbiosis of the gut microbiota marked by a significant reduction of obligate anaerobes and a sharp increase in facultative anaerobes. Numerous experimental studies have shown that IBD is strongly correlated with a decrease of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and an increase of Escherichia coli. One hypothesis is that chronic inflammation induces increased oxygen levels in the gut, which in turn causes an imbalance between obligate and facultative anaerobes. To computationally investigate the oxygen hypothesis, we developed a multispecies biofilm model based on genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of F. prausnitzii, E. coli and the common gut anaerobe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Application of low bulk oxygen concentrations at the biofilm boundary reproduced experimentally observed behavior characterized by a sharp decrease of F. prausnitzii and a large increase of E. coli, demonstrating that dysbiosis consistent with IBD disease progression could be qualitatively predicted solely based on metabolic differences between the species. A diet with balanced carbohydrate and protein content was predicted to represent a metabolic “sweet spot” that increased the oxygen range over which F. prausnitzii could remain competitive and IBD could be sublimated. Host-microbiota feedback incorporated via a simple linear feedback between the average F. prausnitzii concentration and the bulk oxygen concentration did not substantially change the range of oxygen concentrations where dysbiosis was predicted, but the transition from normal species abundances to severe dysbiosis was much more dramatic and occurred over a much longer timescale. Similar predictions were obtained with sustained antibiotic treatment replacing a sustained oxygen perturbation, demonstrating how IBD might progress over several years with few noticeable effects and then suddenly produce severe disease symptoms. The multispecies biofilm metabolic model predicted that oxygen concentrations of ∼1 micromolar within the gut could cause microbiota dysbiosis consistent with those observed experimentally for inflammatory bowel diseases. Our model predictions could be tested directly through the development of an appropriate in vitro system of the three species community and testing of microbiota-host interactions in gnotobiotic mice.
Sustainability of Metal Structures via Spray-Clad Remanufacturing

Structural reclamation and remanufacturing is an important future design consideration to allow sustainable recovery of degraded structural metals. Heavy machinery and infrastructure components subjected to extended use and/or environment induced degradation require costly and time-consuming replacement. If these parts can be remanufactured to original tolerances, and returned to service with “as good or better” performance, significant reductions in materials, cost, and environmental impact can be achieved. Localized additive restoration via thermal or cold spray methods is a promising approach in recovering and restoring original design strength of degraded metals. The advent of high velocity spray deposition technologies has allowed deposition of near full density materials. In this review, the fundamental scientific and technological elements of such local additive restoration is contemplated including materials, processes, and methodologies to assess the capabilities of such remanufactured systems. This points to sustainable material reclamation, as well as a route toward resource and process sustainability.
Rehabilitation of Shoulder Arthroplasty

Total shoulder arthroplasty is most frequently used to eliminate pain and restore function for an array of conditions that cause destruction of the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint and surrounding soft tissue [1–5]. Optimizing the patient response to these types of surgeries is multifactorial. A positive surgical experience combined with a well-designed postoperative rehabilitation program, including patient education, is key a component to a positive outcome. Several factors contribute to a successful outcome: the pathological condition of the joint, the quality of the bone and soft tissues, the status of the rotator cuff and deltoid, the overall condition of the patient, and their ability to perform, execute, and comply with the rehabilitation program [6, 7]. The team approach is advocated with ongoing communication between the surgeon, patient, and therapist as the rehabilitation program is developed and implemented at each phase of the progression. Rehabilitation of the shoulder can be challenging. The shoulder is a complex structure that has five articulations, i.e., the glenohumeral joint, the coracoacromial articulation, the acromioclavicular joint, the sternoclavicular joint, the only attachment to the axial skeleton, and the scapular thoracic articulation. With little bony stability at the glenohumeral joint, shoulder function for the upper extremity and hand placement is most reliant on the surrounding soft tissues, the capsule, ligaments, rotator cuff, deltoid, and periscapular muscles for static and dynamic stability. Attaining an optimal outcome, establishing normal motion, dynamic stability, and strength is the result of a well-performed surgery, an adaptive progressive system of rehabilitation directed by the surgeon, implemented and executed by the therapist in concert with a cooperative, engaged, and educated patient.
Horatio as Author: Storytelling and Stoic Tragedy in Hamlet

This essay addresses Horatio’s emotionlessness in light of his role as a narrator, using this discussion to think about Shakespeare’s motives for writing tragedy in the wake of his son’s death. By rationalizing pain and suffering as tragedy, both Horatio and Shakespeare were able to avoid the self-destruction entailed in Hamlet’s emotional response to life’s hardships and injustices. Thus, the stoic Horatio, rather than the passionate Hamlet who repeatedly interrupts ‘The Mousetrap’, is the best authorial avatar for a Shakespeare who strategically wrote himself and his own voice out of his works. This argument then expands into a theory of ‘authorial catharsis’ and the suggestion that we can conceive of Shakespeare as a ‘poet of reason’ in contrast to a ‘poet of emotion’.
ColotypeR gene signature predicts response to cetuximab in colorectal cancer metastases.

599Background: The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4) partition primary colorectal cancer (CRC) into subgroups with distinct molecular characteristics. We previously reported a 20-genes Colotype...
Multiplexed measurement design for fixed Gantry x-ray computed tomography system (Conference Presentation)

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) based systems are widely used for security and industrial inspection applications like passenger baggage and cargo screening at the airports, shipping container screening at ports, and industrial parts inspection. Typically, such CT systems employ a mechanical rotating gantry, with a X-ray source and detector array(s), to collect a large number of angularly diverse projections scans of an object. However, such a mechanical scanning mechanism adds to the system cost and maintenance. In this work, we consider the next generation Rectangular-Fixed-Gantry (RFG) CT system architecture containing several X-ray sources and detector arrays deployed in a fixed geometry. As such, such a RFG CT system architecture affords us the opportunity to explore non-standard multiplex measurement designs employing simultaneous illumination from multiple sources. The goal of our multiplexed measurement design is to minimize the bag reconstruction error (or Mean Square Error (MSE)) for a given source flux budget and/or fixed measurement time. We utilize a Bayesian Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) on reconstruction error as a multiplex measurement design metric, subject to a fixed source flux/measurement time constraint. We find that the resulting optimized multiplexed measurement designs can significantly outperform the sequential measurement design employed in a traditional RFG CT system. We quantify this reconstruction fidelity improvement with multiplexed measurement design using simulation studies and assess its potential benefits in terms of operational system performance metrics such as bag reconstruction fidelity and system throughput.
Places Are Dynamic and Evolving

The main point of Issue C4 is that places are best studied as dynamic and evolving. As Cummins et al [22] state, “[I]t may be just as important for contextual studies to begin to understand not just the life course of individuals, but also the social and economic trajectories of the places which they inhabit” (p. 1832). Or, as Gatrell [31] states, “Complex systems have a history; their past is ’co-responsible’ for their present behavior” ([31], p. 2662). However, while the basic point of Issue C4 is clear enough, the methodological challenge is figuring out how exactly to model these ideas; particularly given the somewhat vague and historical manner in which the Complexities of Place literature uses these terms, in comparison to the more specific and often times precisely mathematical (albeit computational) meaning.
String Perturbation Theory on the Schwinger-Keldysh Time Contour

We perform the large-$N$ expansion in the Schwinger-Keldysh formulation of nonequilibrium quantum systems with matrix degrees of freedom and study universal features of the anticipated dual string theory. We find a rich refinement of the topological genus expansion: In the original formulation, the future time instant where the forward and backward branches of the Schwinger-Keldysh time contour meet is associated with its own world sheet genus expansion. After the Keldysh rotation, the world sheets decompose into a classical and quantum part.
Novel fluorescent GPCR biosensor detects retinal equilibrium binding to opsin and active G protein and arrestin signaling conformations.

Rhodopsin is a canonical class A photosensitive G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR), yet relatively few pharmaceutical agents targeting this visual receptor have been identified, in part due to the unique characteristics of its light-sensitive, covalently bound retinal ligands. Rhodopsin becomes activated when light isomerizes 11-cis-retinal into an agonist, all-trans-retinal (ATR), which enables the receptor to activate its G protein. We have previously demonstrated that, despite being covalently bound, ATR can display properties of equilibrium binding, yet how this is accomplished is unknown. Here, we describe a new approach for both identifying compounds that can activate and attenuate rhodopsin and testing the hypothesis that opsin binds retinal in equilibrium. Our method uses opsin-based fluorescent sensors, which directly report the formation of active receptor conformations by detecting the binding of G protein or arrestin fragments that have been fused onto the receptor's C terminus. We show that these biosensors can be used to monitor equilibrium binding of the agonist, ATR, as well as the noncovalent binding of β-ionone, an antagonist for G protein activation. Finally, we use these novel biosensors to observe ATR release from an activated, unlabeled receptor and its subsequent transfer to the sensor in real time. Taken together, these data support the retinal equilibrium binding hypothesis. The approach we describe should prove directly translatable to other GPCRs, providing a new tool for ligand discovery and mutant characterization.
Possible High-Redshift, Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei in the Hubble Deep Field

In the Hubble Deep Field (HDF), 12 candidate sources of high-redshift (z > 3.5) active galactic nuclei (AGN) have been identified. The color selection criteria were established by passing spectra of selected quasars and Seyfert galaxies (appropriately redshifted and modified for "Lyman forest" absorption), as well as stars, observed normal and starburst galaxies, and galaxy models for various redshifts through the filters used for the HDF observations. The actual identification of AGN candidates also involved convolving a Laplacian-of-Gaussian filter with the HDF images, thereby removing relatively flat galactic backgrounds and leaving only the pointlike components in the centers. Along with positions and colors, estimated redshifts and absolute magnitudes are reported, with the candidates falling toward the faint end of the AGN luminosity function. One candidate has been previously observed spectroscopically, with a measured redshift of 4.02. The number of sources reported here is consistent with a simple extrapolation of the observed quasar luminosity function to magnitude 30 in Johnson B. Implications for ionization of the intergalactic medium and for gravitational lensing are discussed.
Donor Human Milk Use in Populations Other than the Preterm Infant: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for an infant's first 6 months of life. If unable to breastfeed, expressed breast milk, including donor human milk (DHM), is recommended for optimal nutrition. Benefits of DHM in preterm infants have been established by extensive research. However, less is known about DHM use in other populations. Objective: To conduct a scoping review of the literature regarding DHM use in populations other than preterm infants. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov were used to search for articles and clinical trials published between January 1, 2000 and February 29, 2020. In total, 182 articles and reports were identified and screened by 2 independent reviewers. Results: Twenty-six articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Studies were mostly observational in design and included infants born >35 weeks gestational age with health risks (9/26) and healthy infants (14/26). Most studies in infants with health risks (7/9) investigated clinical outcomes, with small, observational studies suggesting potential improvements in feeding tolerance and gastrointestinal health. Regarding healthy infants, no studies addressed growth, only one study measured clinical outcomes, and findings related to breastfeeding outcomes were conflicting. Over half of the studies reviewed (15/26) were not designed to establish a potential relationship between DHM use and relevant health-related outcomes. Conclusion: The current evidence of DHM use in populations other than preterm infants is limited by lack of direct health measures and infrequent use of randomized trials. More research is warranted to investigate clinical, growth, and breastfeeding outcomes.
Real-time lattice gauge theory actions: unitarity, convergence, and path integral contour deformations

The Wilson action for Euclidean lattice gauge theory defines a positive-definite transfer matrix that corresponds to a unitary lattice gauge theory time-evolution operator if analytically continued to real time. Hoshina, Fujii, and Kikukawa (HFK) recently pointed out that applying the Wilson action discretization to continuum real-time gauge theory does not lead to this, or any other, unitary theory and proposed an alternate real-time lattice gauge theory action that does result in a unitary real-time transfer matrix. The character expansion defining the HFK action is divergent, and in this work we apply a path integral contour deformation to obtain a convergent representation for $U(1)$ HFK path integrals suitable for numerical Monte Carlo calculations. We also introduce a class of real-time lattice gauge theory actions based on analytic continuation of the Euclidean heat-kernel action. Similar divergent sums are involved in defining these actions, but for one action in this class this divergence takes a particularly simple form, allowing construction of a path integral contour deformation that provides absolutely convergent representations for $U(1)$ and $SU(N)$ real-time lattice gauge theory path integrals. We perform proof-of-principle Monte Carlo calculations of real-time $U(1)$ and $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory and verify that exact results for unitary time evolution of static quark-antiquark pairs in ($1+1$)D are reproduced.
Racial and ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality

The occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) shows a large disparity among recognized races and ethnicities in the U.S., with Black Americans demonstrating the highest incidence and mortality from this disease. Contributors for the observed CRC disparity appear to be multifactorial and consequential that may be initiated by structured societal issues (e.g., low socioeconomic status and lack of adequate health insurance) that facilitate abnormal environmental factors (through use of tobacco and alcohol, and poor diet composition that modifies one's metabolism, microbiome and local immune microenvironment) and trigger cancer-specific immune and genetic changes (e.g., localized inflammation and somatic driver gene mutations). Mitigating the disparity by prevention through CRC screening has been demonstrated; this has not been adequately shown once CRC has developed. Acquiring additional knowledge into the science behind the observed disparity will inform approaches towards abating both the incidence and mortality of CRC between U.S. racial and ethnic groups.
Hoyle’s Critique of Neo-Darwinian Theory and the Impact of Heavy-Tailed Distributions

Physicist and astronomer Fred Hoyle has repeatedly criticized Neo-Darwinism as a flawed theory because of mathematical and statistical problems. His comments have been used by creationists and other opponents of the theory, even though he himself did not support their views. In this paper Hoyle’s critique of one aspect of Neo-Darwinism is analyzed to see what merits it may have. The conclusion is that while Hoyle’s mathematics is impeccable, and thus his critique based on them has merit, he did not carry his own reasoning far enough and specifically failed to consider the possibility of large variations in selective value. This may have been due to his belief that such variations would be extremely unlikely, due to an assumption that such variations would be governed by a normal distribution. However, if a heavy-tailed distribution is involved, such variations become feasible. The net result is that evolution in its early stages may have involved large jumps, which, though infrequent, would move it along. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of Hoyle’s results and how they are affected by modern knowledge of heavy-tailed distributions.
Abstract TP326: Incremental Cost of an Individualized Telephone Intervention for Stroke Caregivers

Background/Purpose: Informal care represents a substantial part of total lifetime care costs for stroke patients; yet, the literature has focused on the costs of tertiary care for stroke patients. ...
The plateau phase of growth of the L-M strain mouse cell in a protein-free medium : I. Patterns of protein and nucleic acid synthesis and turnover

studies employing L-RI mouse cells [16] in suspension culture revealed that the onset of the plateau phase is accompanied by a depletion of the original glucose in the medium [23]. The cells become smaller in size and viability drops rapidly [21]. The addition of glucose at this point in the growth cycle preserves cell viability and extends the duration of the plateau phase [al]. Since glucose primarily is an energy source, plateau phase cells normally resort to endogenous metabolism and thereby deplete cell reserves, such as amino acids, glycogen, etc. The experiments reported here demonstrate that in the presence of an adequate energy source, cells in the plateau phase of growth not only remain viable for prolonged periods but continue to synthesize protein and nucleic acid in an otherwise depleted medium. Moreover, it is speculated that homologous material such as protein and nucleic acid from lysed cells is degraded and possibly reutilized by the viable cells in the population. The potential for such reutilization is shown.
Quantifying Cradle-to-Farm Gate Life-Cycle Impacts Associated with Fertilizer used for Corn, Soybean, and Stover Production

Fertilizer use can cause environmental problems, particular eutrophication of water bodies from excess nitrogen or phosphorus. Increased fertilizer runoff is a concern for harvesting corn stover for ethanol production. This modeling study found that eutrophication potential for the base case already exceeds proposed water quality standards, that switching to no-till cultivation and collecting stover increased that eutrophication potential by 21%, and that switching to continuous-corn production on top of that would triple eutrophication potential.
Twelve hours of gastric ventilation : a recipe for disaster (a suggested remedy)

A forty-three-day-old infant was intubated by the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) staff. A nasogastric tube was in place for the duration. The patient's vital signs remained stable during 12 h of positive pressure ventilation. A Broviac catheter placement was scheduled in the NICU. The position of the tracheal tube (TT) was not verified prior to induction of anaesthesia. After the induction, the patient's condition deteriorated. The TT was found to be positioned within the oesophagus. A near catastrophe was successfully averted by discovering the malpositioned TT and replacing it with a properly positioned TT. We believe that had we clamped the existing nasogastric tube preoperatively, a noticeable abdominal distention would have occurred alerting us to a malpositioned TT. We suggest that clamping a preexisting nasogastric tube may have merit to alert one to a malpositioned TT.
Angular Symmetry and Hylleraas Coordinates in Four-Body Problems

Abstract The most accurate studies of few-body Coulomb systems have used wavefunctions of forms that are simple in Hylleraas coordinates (those that explicitly include all the interparticle distances). In most studies the wavefunction has been constructed from Slater-type orbitals about a single center (relative to which the other particles are at positions r i ) by adjoining to each orbital product a polynomial in the other interparticle distances r i j . Matrix elements have then usually been evaluated by expanding the r i j in terms of the r i . This type of wavefunction is not ideal for “nonadiabatic” systems in which all the particles are of comparable (finite) mass; a preferable alternative is to use a wavefunction constructed from exponentials in all the Hylleraas coordinates. It is not practical to use the usual expansion methods for Hylleraas exponential wavefunctions, and this paper considers issues arising when four-body systems are treated directly in the Hylleraas coordinates for states of general angular symmetry. The two problems treated here are (1) convenient and compact expression of the kinetic energy for angular eigenstates, and (2) angular integrations in matrix elements. Both these problems differ from their well-known counterparts in orbital formulations, in part because the r i j are not orthogonal coordinates, and in part because the angles of the r i are not all independent variables.