cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The immigration debate and its relationship to the ethnic identity development and well-being of Latino and white youth.

This study collected data from 422 seventh- and eighth-grade adolescents in 2005 and 391 seventh- and eighth-grade adolescents in 2006 in a medium-sized Midwestern community as part of a larger longitudinal study. The 2006 data collection occurred at the height of the national debate about immigration policy and practice. The fortuitous timing of the data collection allowed the authors to compare the responses of seventh- and eighth-grade Latino adolescents surveyed in 2005 with seventh- and eighth-grade students surveyed in 2006 to examine how the debate related to adolescent ethnic identity development and well-being. Using multiple regression analyses the study found evidence that the debate moved eighth-grade Latino students from the undifferentiated stage of ethnic identity development to the exploration stage. Furthermore, it was found that the debate was related to increased levels of acculturative stress and general stress among first-generation eighth-grade Latino students.
Engineering Scaling Requirements for Solid Breeder Blanket Testing

An engineering scaling process is applied to the solid breeder ITER TBM designs in accordance with the testing objectives of validating the design tools and the database, and evaluating blanket performance under prototypical operating conditions. The goal of scaling is to ensure that changes in structural response and performance caused by changes in size and operating conditions do not reduce the usefulness of the tests. Initially, constitutive equations are applied to lay out the basic operating and design parameters that dominate blanket phenomena. The suitability of these similarity criteria for the TBM design is then confirmed by comparing finite element predictions of prototype and scale model responses. The TBM design also takes into account the need to check the codes and data for future design use. Specifically, predictability of tritium production and nuclear heating rates in a complex geometry, tritium release and permeation characteristics under fusion environments belong to this category. We conclude that this engineering scaling design process has maximized the value of ITER testing.
Transmutation and Production Rates of Elements in Flibe and Flinabe with Impact on Chemistry Control

Neutronics calculations were performed for blanket designs using the molten salts Flibe and Flinabe to determine the transmutation rates of constituent elements and the rates of production of other elements. At least from mass balance considerations no free fluorine will be left provided that the recombination reactions with freed Be, Li, Na, and tritium are fast enough. However, more than 95% of the tritium bred will be in the form of TF. In addition, O and N are produced. A REDOX reaction needs to be established to control the TF activities. The Be used for neutron multiplication can be used for the REDOX control to reduce TF to T 2 . The thermodynamics for the reaction between TF and Be is an important process to be demonstrated.
Approximate analytical solution of generalized diode equation

An approximate but very precise analytical solution is derived of a generalized diode equation. This solution can be used in the theory of semiconductor diodes, photodetectors, solar cells, FETs (field-effect transistors), Gunn domain, and other areas of device physics. The proposed analytical solution is in excellent agreement with the results of the numerical calculation. >
Probability and Statistics in Meteorology: a Review of Some Recent Developments

Abstract Recent developments in six areas of statistical meteorology are described and the importance of interdisciplinary research in these areas is indicated. The areas are stochastic-dynamic prediction, assimilation of observed data, time-series analysis, statistical weather forecasting, probability forecasting, and precipitation modification statistics. Several problems are identified within each area and the need for further interdisciplinary research to solve these problems is emphasized.
Role of Credit Resources in Modernisation of Russia's Economy

Abstract More then sixty years the industrial system of Russia consisting of hundred thousands of the highly specialized enterprises, was supported in balance due to the centralized redistribution of resources. Sharp transition to market economy resulted in considerable difficulties which increased up to the main macroeconomic indicators. However, despite activation of the measures undertaken at various levels of management, in development of industrial sector of economy there is a number of the factor constraining its development. In this regard research of the main tendencies and prospects of development of industrial sector of economy and justification of recommendations about increase oа its functionality in modern economic conditions is represented actual. In article the main indicators of economic development of the Russian Federation are considered. The analysis of dynamics of the credits which have been given out by types of economic activity and the separate directions of use of means during 2009-2012 is carried out. In work the assessment of dynamics of an index of industrial production, with the detailed analysis of volume of all types of industrial production of Russian is carried out. Volumes of crediting of various areas of economy are specified.
Does the How Mediate the Why? A Multiple Replication Examination of Drinking Motives, Alcohol Protective Behavioral Strategies, and Alcohol Outcomes

Objective:The present study attempted to assess the evidence of use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as a mediator in the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol outcomes. Specifically, to understand various statistical approaches in modeling this proposed mediation model (e.g., drinking motives to PBS use to alcohol outcomes), we tried to replicate models based on earlier research.Method:To maximize the robustness of our replication attempts, we conducted each replication attempt across two distinct data sets whenever possible. Participants were recruited from psychology department research pools at a large southeastern U.S. university (Sample 1; n = 774) and a large southwestern U.S. university (Sample 2; n = 594). We matched the original articles’ analytic procedures as closely as possible including overall analysis approach, measurement of variables, and inclusion/exclusion criteria.Results:Consistent with previous studies, we found that PBS use may be a mechanism through which both...
Discontinuous Functions and the Laplace Transform

Our focus in this chapter is a study of first and second order linear constant coefficient differential equations $$ \begin{array}{rlrlrl} y\prime + ay & = f(t), & & \\ y\prime\prime + ay\prime + by & = f(t), & & \end{array} $$ where the input or forcing function f(t) is more general than we have studied so far. These types of forcing functions arise in applications only slightly more complicated than those we have already considered. For example, imagine a mixing problem (see Example 11 of Sect. 1.4 and the discussion that followed it for a review of mixing problems) where there are two sources of incoming salt solutions with different concentrations as illustrated in the following diagram.
Phenylthioalkylamines in Experimental Tumor Treatment in Mice

Two phenylthioalkylamines, phenylthioethylamine (PTEA) and phenylthiopropylamine (PTPA), were prepared and tested for cytotoxicity in vitro and as antitumor agents in (C57BL X DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice. Low concentrations of PTEA (median effective concentrations of 8.0, 12.0, and 1.3 micrograms PTEA/ml) inhibited the growth of P388 murine lymphoma, L1210 leukemia, and B16 melanoma cells in culture. PTPA was more effective; concentrations of 0.80, 0.56, and 0.35 micrograms PTPA/ml inhibited the growth of P388, L1210, and B16 in vitro by 50%. PTEA and PTPA treatment increased survival times in BDF1 mice bearing the P388 lymphoma, L1210 leukemia, B16 melanoma, and Lewis lung tumors. Multiple daily administrations of the test compounds were more effective than single daily injections in increasing the life-span in mice bearing the P388 lymphoma and B16 melanoma. Both PTEA and PTPA inhibited the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase.
Remembrance of Early Days: Anchors for My Transactional Teaching

This essay discusses teaching transactional skills as part of traditional non-clinical, substantive law classes. It offers a very personal perspective gleaned from the author’s 40 years of combined experience as a San Francisco transactional law practitioner and law professor. Of necessity, due to length constraints, the author offers only a few selected opinions about what she thinks works in teaching transactional skills in substantive law classes. Despite this limited focus, the author weighs in, at least a bit, on a myriad of subjects, including the current push for law graduates to be more “practice ready,” the importance of skin-in-the-game type mentoring both pre- and post- law school graduation, the different challenges in training transactional lawyers versus litigators, the merits of using multifaceted large drafting projects versus more discrete problems, course advising needs, the teacher as recruiter, balancing desires for breath versus depth of exposure, and using what the author calls factual “side-bars” as accommodation of traditional casebooks to the transactional perspective. The author hopes these offerings of her matured discernment from longevity in the field of transactional law skills training, in the various iterations she notes in the essay, provide some helpful insights to current teachers of transactional law skills, both clinical and non-clinical.
Treatment of burned rats with insulin-like growth factor I inhibits the catabolic response in skeletal muscle

Thermal injury is associated with a pronounced catabolic response in skeletal muscle, reflecting inhibited protein synthesis and increased protein breakdown, in particular myofibrillar protein brea...
Environmental dynamics of metal oxide nanoparticles in heterogeneous systems: A review

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used for many purposes including water treatment, health, cosmetics, electronics, food packaging, and even food products. As their applications continue to expand, concerns have been mounting about the environmental fate and potential health risks of the nanoparticles in the environment. Based on the latest information, this review provides an overview of the factors that affect the fate, transformation and toxicity of MNPs. Emphasis is placed on the effects of various aquatic contaminants under various environmental conditions on the transformation of metal oxides and their transport kinetics - both in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems - and the effects of contaminants on the toxicity of MNPs. The presence of existing contaminants decreases bioavailability through hetero-aggregation, sorption, and/or complexation upon an interaction with MNPs. Contaminants also influence the fate and transport of MNPs and exhibit their synergistic toxic effects that contribute to the extent of the toxicity. This review will help regulators, engineers, and scientists in this field to understand the latest development on MNPs, their interactions with aquatic contaminants as well as the environmental dynamics of their fate and transformation. The knowledge gap and future research needs are also identified, and the challenges in assessing the environmental fate and transport of nanoparticles in heterogeneous systems are discussed.
Modern Times: Discipling the Third Wave

Dans cet article, l'A discute de l'ouvrage Remaking Modernity, consacre a la sociologie historique aux Etats-Unis, et se place d'un point de vue des sciences politiques
The United States confronts Ebola: Suasion, executive action and fragmentation

The United States' experience with the Ebola virus in 2014 provides a window into US public health politics. First, the United States provided a case study in the role of suasion and executive action in the management of public health in a fragmented multi-level system. The variable capacity of different parts of the United States to respond to Ebola on the level of hospitals or state governments, and their different approaches, show the limitations of federal influence, the importance of knowledge and executive energy, and the diversity of both powerful actors and sources of power. Second, the politics of Ebola in the United States is a case study in the politics of partisan blame attribution. The outbreak struck in the run-up to an election that was likely to be good for the Republican party, and the election dominated interest in and opinions of Ebola in both the media and public opinion. Democratic voters and media downplayed Ebola while Republican voters and media focused on the outbreak. The media was a key conduit for this strategic politicization, as shown in the quantity, timing and framing of news about Ebola. Neither fragmentation nor partisanship appears to be going away, so understanding the politics of public health crises will remain important.
Long-Term Results After Combined Radioactive Gold Seed Implantation and External Beam Radiotherapy for Localized Prostatic Cancer

Localized prostatic carcinoma has been treated at Baylor College of Medicine since 1965 primarily by pelvic lymphadenectomy and the insertion of radioactive gold grains followed by supplemental external beam irradiation therapy. The rationale, treatment techniques, complications and initial results of this form of treatment have been previously published (1–6). The reader is directed to these previous publications for those details. The purpose of this manuscript is to update the data presented in previous reports and to present the current results of this form of primary management of localized prostatic carcinoma.
Media Multitasking: Good, Bad, or Ugly?

In this study we analyze studies published since 1990 which tested task performance in a single and multitasking environment where at least one of the tasks was a media use task; we identify theoretical approaches, conceptual, and operational definitions of multitasking research; we critique definitions of successful multitasking; and we analyze published results in terms of task-related complexity and cognitive and perceptual system overlaps. We conclude that complexity and overlaps appear to be important variables underlying multitasking research results and provide recommendations for future research in the area.
Testing osteometric and morphological methods for turkey species determination in Maya faunal assemblages

Abstract Identification of turkey (Meleagris spp.) remains in Maya archaeological deposits is problematic because the two species that co-existed during ancient Maya occupations are extremely difficult to separate osteologically. One species, M. gallopavo, was introduced from northern Mexico possibly multiple times. The other species, M. ocellata, is indigenous and was possibly husbanded though never domesticated. The two species are morphologically very similar, their size distributions overlap, and their responses to environmental conditions and human manipulation may have led to non-species delimited skeletal changes. Limited information has, so far, been available to distinguish the two species, and most analysts prefer to identify this group to the genus level only. However, the turkey is the only domesticated fowl of the New World, and is one of only two domesticated vertebrates in North/Central America. It was a source of food, medicines, feathers, and artifacts, an emblem of status and an actor in pivotal ceremonial events. Thus distinguishing among the two species, and recognizing markers of husbandry and domestication, are essential to our understanding of Maya animal use. In this study we review the key morphological and metric diagnostic features of the species and the methods that we have used to develop and test effective morphological and metric characters for distinguishing the two Maya turkeys. This study is based on our ongoing analysis of 55 modern individuals and over 2000 archaeological specimens from Preclassic through Colonial Maya assemblages.
The Distribution of Intensity Associated with the 1905 Kangra Earthquake and Bounds on the Extent of the Rupture Zone

In his report of the damage caused by the 1905 Kangra earthquake, Middlemiss (1910) reported two zones of relatively high intensity: a major one with a maximum near Kangra and Dharamsala and extending southeast to Mandi, and a minor one centered around Dehra Dun. A re-examination of the information that he gave suggests that the intervening zone of low intensity was not well-defined and that the intensity near Dehra Dun was not markedly higher than that at towns in the plains of northern India. Thus, these observations allow three different possibilities for the extent of the rupture zone. The rupture may have extended southeast 280 km, from west of Dharamsala to southeast of Dehra Dun. In this case the rupture probably occurred on segments of two thrust faults connected by a strike-slip fault in the hanging wall (or by a buried lateral ramp) north of Simla. Possibly there were two separate ruptures: one extending from near Dharamsala southeast to Mandi and the other, poorly defined, near Dehra Dun. Finally the distribution of destruction allows for the possibilities that only the area 100km in extent, from west of Dharamsala to Mandi, ruptured and that the 1905 earthquake did not relieve much strain in the region near Dehra Dun. Accordingly, it probably is safe to assume that Dharamsala will not lie in the epicentral area of the next great earthquake in the Himalaya, but it probably would be unwise to assume that that area will not include Dehra Dun.
LATENT VIRAL INFECTION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE VII. ROLE OF WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS IN PSITTACOSIS VIRUS PROPAGATION IN L CELLS

A study of the metabolic requirements for the growth of psittacosis virus in L cells has been extended to the water-soluble vitamins. In a system in which a balanced salt solution was used to deplete the cells of their vitamin constituents, only thiamine was essential for psittacosis virus production. Extended depletion of cells with media deficient in specific vitamins demonstrated that pantothenate, niacin (niacinamide), pyridoxine (pyridoxal), and choline, in addition to thiamine, were essential for maximal growth of psittacosis virus. No requirement for biotin, inositol, folic acid, or riboflavin was demonstrated, although the possibility of incomplete vitamin depletion of the cells has not been eliminated. In most cases in which a specific vitamin requirement was shown the decreased yield of virus was correlated with a delay in the cytopathic effects produced in the cell cultures by psittacosis virus.
The Impact of Role Conflict on Job Satisfaction of Independent School Athletic Directors

Role conflict and job satisfaction were measured for 56 independent school athletic directors whose schools were members of the New England Preparatory School Athletic Council (NEPSAC). Simple linear regression analysis was used to test if role conflict significantly predicted the NEPSAC athletic directors’ ratings of job satisfaction. Results of the simple linear regression revealed that job satisfaction was significantly predicted by role conflict. Results of a one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the levels of programs served (middle school, high school-only, or combined middle and high school) for role conflict, but not for job satisfaction. It was also determined that no significant differences existed between athletic directors working at boarding schools versus day schools, or co-ed schools versus single-sex institutions, on either role conflict or job satisfaction.
Abstract 5401: TGF-β signaling inhibition as a potential approach to target suboptimally debulked ovarian tumors

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA The current standard of care for all patients with high-grade, advanced-stage serous ovarian cancer is surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Resection of all visible residual disease to less than 1 cm is associated with a favorable prognosis, but this optimal debulking can only be achieved in ∼70% of patients. Patients with suboptimal cytoreduction are presumed to have lower response rates to subsequent chemotherapy and are known to have a poor prognosis. Recently, we performed a meta-analysis of 1,525 publicly available expression profiling assays and identified a 200-gene expression signature of primary ovarian tumors to predict the outcome of debulking surgery. The signature was validated using two independent sets of tumors. This debulking signature consists of transcripts positively regulated by TGF-β, indicating that hyperactivation of TGF-β signaling may be responsible of the aggressive biological and clinical behavior of suboptimally debulked tumors. In this study, we evaluated the potential anti-tumor effect of TGF-β signaling blockade in ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Integrated TGF-β signaling was observed in 8 of 10 ovarian cancer cell lines tested by a SMAD-binding element based luciferase assay. The potential anti-tumor effect of a small molecular TGFBR1 kinase inhibitor LY2157299 was further investigated in SKOV3 cell line, which presents both endogenous and inducible TGF-β signaling and is highly disseminative when inoculated into immunodeficient mice. Although imposing minimum effect on in vitro cellular proliferation, LY2157299 significantly inhibited tumor-dissemination related biological processes in SKOV3 cells including migration, invasion and mesothelial cell adhesion. In an interperitoneal SKOV3 xenograft model, administration of LY2157299 significantly increased cisplatin related cytotoxicity and tumor burden reduction. Taken together, our study has provided evidence for the potential clinical use of LY2157299 to improve the treatment and survival of women with suboptimal surgery. Citation Format: Wei Wei, Michael J. Birrer. TGF-β signaling inhibition as a potential approach to target suboptimally debulked ovarian tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5401. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5401
Risk Taking in Personal Investments

Risk taking in personal investments was investigated. Participants were a heterogeneous group of 59 males and 54 females at least 30 years old and employed. Results show that individual investors can accurately judge risk level of investments for all but the riskiest categories. However, no relationship was found between knowledge of risk and risk level of chosen investments. Participants did not match risk level of their investments to their self-reported risk level. This study also extended the research of Wong and Carducci (1991) beyond undergraduate participants. No relationship was found between level of sensation seeking and risk level of chosen investments.
Imaging characteristics associated with clinical outcomes in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder of cerebrovascular autoregulation that can result in brain edema, hemorrhage, and infarction. We sought to investigate whether certain imaging characteristics in PRES are associated with clinically significant patient outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of PRES occurring between 2008 and 2014 at two major academic medical centers. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were collected. We analyzed imaging studies for vasogenic edema, hemorrhage, and diffusion restriction. We performed univariate analysis and stepwise logistic regression to assess the association between our radiologic findings of interest and clinical outcomes as defined by hospital discharge disposition and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at time of discharge. We identified 99 cases of PRES in 96 patients. The median age was 55 years (IQR 30–65) and 74% were women. In 99 cases, 60% of patients had active cancer, 19% had history of bone marrow or organ transplantation, 14% had autoimmune disease, and 8% were peripartum. Imaging at clinical presentation showed extensive vasogenic edema in 39%, hemorrhage in 36%, hemorrhage with mass effect in 7%, and restricted diffusion in 16%. In our final logistic regression models, the presence of extensive vasogenic edema, hemorrhage with mass effect, or diffusion restriction was associated with worse clinical outcome as defined by both discharge disposition (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.4–36.3; p = 0.047) and mRS (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.2–10.7; p = 0.019). Extensive vasogenic edema, hemorrhage, and restricted diffusion on initial imaging in PRES are associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Analytical Formulas for Mean Gain and Excess Noise Factor in InAs Avalanche Photodiodes

It has been known that McIntyre’s local multiplication theory for avalanche photodiodes (APDs) does not fully explain the experimental results for single-carrier InAs APDs, which exhibit excess noise factor values below 2. While it has been established that the inclusion of the dead-space effect in the nonlocal multiplication theory resolves this discrepancy, no closed-form formulas for the mean gain and excess noise factor have been specialized to InAs APDs in a nonlocal setting. Upon utilizing prior analytical formulation of single-carrier avalanche multiplication based on age-dependent branching theory in conjunction with nonlocal ionization coefficients and thresholds for InAs, closed-form solutions of the mean gain and the excess noise factor for InAs APDs are provided here for the first time. The formulas are validated against published experimental data from InAs APDs across a variety of multiplication region widths and are shown to be applicable for devices with multiplication widths of 500 nm and larger.
Synthesizing Type-Detection Logic for Rich Semantic Data Types using Open-source Code

Given a table of data, existing systems can often detect basic atomic types (e.g., strings vs. numbers) for each column. A new generation of data-analytics and data-preparation systems are starting to automatically recognize rich semantic types such as date-time, email address, etc., for such metadata can bring an array of benefits including better table understanding, improved search relevance, precise data validation, and semantic data transformation. However, existing approaches only detect a limited number of types using regular-expression-like patterns, which are often inaccurate, and cannot handle rich semantic types such as credit card and ISBN numbers that encode semantic validations (e.g., checksum). We developed AUTOTYPE from open-source repositories like GitHub. Users only need to provide a set of positive examples for a target data type and a search keyword, our system will automatically identify relevant code, and synthesize type-detection functions using execution traces. We compiled a benchmark with 112 semantic types, out of which the proposed system can synthesize code to detect 84 such types at a high precision. Applying the synthesized type-detection logic on web table columns have also resulted in a significant increase in data types discovered compared to alternative approaches.
Distal Humerus Fractures

Distal humerus fractures, like many other fractures, occur in a bimodal distribution of young and elderly patients. The difference in mechanism results in a variety of fracture patterns, which can be complex. Classification systems can delineate these fractures and may suggest potential surgical treatment approaches.
Thermal Decomposition of Kraft Lignin under Gas Atmospheres of Argon, Hydrogen, and Carbon Dioxide

The behaviors of thermal decomposition of kraft lignin under three different gases (Ar, CO₂, or H₂) were analyzed and compared using a temperature-programmed decomposition-mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) system. Experimental results indicated that Ar atmosphere produced the highest yield of solid chars, while H₂ atmosphere generated the highest yield of liquids and CO₂ atmosphere had the highest yield of gases. TPD-MS results showed that H₂ atmosphere was consumed at the temperature range from 205 to 810 °C and CO₂ atmosphere was consumed at the temperature range from 185 to 1000 °C. The H₂ promoted the cleavage of lignin side chains and significantly enhanced the formation of CH₄, C₆H₆, HCHO, C₆H₅OH, CH₃OH, and tars. The percentages of water in produced liquids were 90.1%, 85.3%, and 95.5% for Ar, H₂, and CO₂ as atmosphere, respectively. The H₂ yielded more organic chemicals in produced liquids compared to the other two gases. The observed organic chemicals were mainly acetic acid, phenols, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters. BET surface areas of solid products were 11.3, 98.5, and 183.9 m²/g for Ar., H₂, and CO₂ as the atmosphere, respectively. C⁻H⁻O⁻N⁻S elemental and morphology analyses on solid products indicated that the lowest carbon content and the highest oxygen content were obtained if Ar atmosphere was used, while H₂ and CO₂ yielded more carbon in final solid products. Solid products obtained under CO₂ or H₂ atmosphere contained sphere-shaped nanoparticles.
The enzymatic deamination of amphetamine (benzedrine).

Part of long series of research articles on the role played in the body by sympathetic amines, in this paper, Axelrod compared the transformation of amphetamine in rabbits to rats, dogs, and guinea pigs. The subject of the article originated in Axelrod's curiosity as to why when amphetamine was administered to rabbits it disappeared entirely. Axelrod found in this article that one or several enzymes in a rabbit's liver deaminated amphetamine, leading to the formation of phenylacetone and ammonia. He also determined that ephedrine was similarly demethylated to norephedrine and formaldehyde by the microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes.
Making a Case for Two Paths Forward in Light of Gill v. Whitford

Abstract In light of the Supreme Court's ruling in Gill v. Whitford (2018), we propose two paths forward for establishing manageable standards to identify partisan gerrymanders. One is aimed most p...
NO oxidation in dry and humid conditions using hyper-cross-linked polymers: Impact of surface chemistry on catalytic conversion efficiency

Abstract Microporous and hydrophobic polymers were synthesized and tested as NO oxidation catalysts to overcome water co-adsorption in combustion flue gas streams. The self-cross-linked 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl polymer (PBCMBP), with micropore volume of 0.38 cm3/g and surface area of 1430 m2/g, provided 62% NO oxidation efficiency at 25 °C in dry conditions but its performance dropped to 50% in the presence of 1.6 vol% moisture (wet conditions). To decrease performance loss, PBCMBP was modified with benzene (PBCMBP-BZ) to remove pendant chloromethyl groups, improving resistance to surface reactions with NO2 that add hydrophilicity. In wet conditions, PBCMBP-BZ has 59% NO oxidation efficiency, an 18% increase compared to PBCMBP at 25 °C. PBCMBP was also functionalized with dimethylamine (PBCMBP-DMA) to increase surface basicity, increasing NO oxidation by 11% in dry conditions, but decreasing NO oxidation in wet conditions by 30% due to increased proclivity to react with NO2. The combined impact of temperature and humidity was measured up to 100 °C, showing that moisture’s impact decreases with increasing temperature and that PBCMBP-DMA outperforms other catalysts at higher temperatures. Findings suggest that catalyst surface chemistry can be manipulated to further improve NO oxidation performance, especially in the presence of moisture.
PARP2 Is the Predominant Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Arabidopsis DNA Damage and Immune Responses

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the transfer of multiple poly(ADP-ribose) units onto target proteins. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes including, most prominently, auto-activation of PARP at sites of DNA breaks to activate DNA repair processes. In humans, PARP1 (the founding and most characterized member of the PARP family) accounts for more than 90% of overall cellular PARP activity in response to DNA damage. We have found that, in contrast with animals, in Arabidopsis thaliana PARP2 (At4g02390), rather than PARP1 (At2g31320), makes the greatest contribution to PARP activity and organismal viability in response to genotoxic stresses caused by bleomycin, mitomycin C or gamma-radiation. Plant PARP2 proteins carry SAP DNA binding motifs rather than the zinc finger domains common in plant and animal PARP1 proteins. PARP2 also makes stronger contributions than PARP1 to plant immune responses including restriction of pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato growth and reduction of infection-associated DNA double-strand break abundance. For poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) enzymes, we find that Arabidopsis PARG1 and not PARG2 is the major contributor to poly(ADP-ribose) removal from acceptor proteins. The activity or abundance of PARP2 is influenced by PARP1 and PARG1. PARP2 and PARP1 physically interact with each other, and with PARG1 and PARG2, suggesting relatively direct regulatory interactions among these mediators of the balance of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. As with plant PARP2, plant PARG proteins are also structurally distinct from their animal counterparts. Hence core aspects of plant poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are mediated by substantially different enzymes than in animals, suggesting the likelihood of substantial differences in regulation.
Experiment on Over-100-Gbps Wireless Transmission with OAM-MIMO Multiplexing System in 28-GHz Band

We propose an OAM-MIMO multiplexing system that effectively combines orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the advantage of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) based digital signal processing with multiple uniform circular arrays (UCAs) for point to point (P2P) line of sight (LOS) wireless transmission. We also implement transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) antennas with quadruple UCAs, and each UCA has a broadband Butler matrix circuit for generating and separating OAM modes in the 28-GHz frequency band. We experimentally successfully demonstrate 120-Gbps wireless data transmission using five OAM modes (0, ±1, ±2) and 2-Gbaud adaptive modulation and coding with maximum modulation order of 256-QAM in the 27.5-29.5-GHz range. Our experimental results show the first step toward the next stage for super-high-capacity wireless communications.
Cosmic ray acceleration of cool clouds in the circumgalactic medium

We investigate a mechanism for accelerating cool (10$^4$ K) clouds in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) with cosmic rays (CRs), possibly explaining some characteristics of observed high velocity clouds (HVCs). Enforcing CRs to stream down their pressure gradient into a region of slow streaming speed results in significant buildup of CR pressure which can accelerate the CGM. We present the results of the first two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of such `CR bottlenecks,' expanding on simpler simulations in 1D from \cite{wiener17a}. Although much more investigation is required, we find two main results. First, radiative cooling in the interfaces of these clouds is sufficient to keep the cloud intact to CR wave heating. Second, cloud acceleration depends almost linearly with the injected CR flux at low values (comparable to that expected from a Milky Way-like star formation rate), but scales sublinearly at higher CR fluxes in 1D simulations. 2D simulations show hints of sublinear dependence at high CR fluxes but are consistent with pure linear dependence up to the CR fluxes tested. It is therefore plausible to accelerate cool clouds in the CGM to speeds of hundreds of km s$^{-1}$.
Diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast magnetic resonance enterography in detecting active bowel inflammation in pediatric patients with diagnosed or suspected inflammatory bowel disease to determine necessity of gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of gadolinium deposition given the potential need for multiple contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) exams over their lifetime. To determine whether gadolinium-based contrast agents are necessary in assessing active bowel inflammation on MRE in pediatric patients with known or suspected IBD. We conducted a retrospective study of 77 patients (7–18 years; 68.8% male) with known (n=58) or suspected (n=19) IBD and endoscopy with biopsy performed within 30 days of MRE without and with contrast evaluated bowel and non-bowel findings. During three visual analysis sessions, two radiologists reviewed pre-, post-, and pre-/post-contrast MRE images. A third radiologist independently reviewed 27 studies to assess inter-reader reliability. We used Cohen kappa (κ), Fleiss kappa, (κF), McNemar test, and sensitivity and specificity to compare MRE readings to combined endoscopic/histopathological findings (the reference standard). The pre- and pre-/post-contrast-enhanced MRE vs. combined endoscopic/histopathological results had moderate agreement (85.7%; κ 0.713, P<0.001; P-value 0.549). Compared to combined endoscopy/histopathology, pre- vs. pre-/post-contrast sensitivity (67%, confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.79 vs. 67%, CI 0.53–0.79) and specificity (80%, CI 0.59–0.92 vs. 68%, CI 0.46–0.84) varied little (κ 0.42, P<0.001 and κ 0.32, P=0.003, respectively). The three readers had moderate agreement (85.2%; κ 0.695, P=0.001; P-value 0.625). More penetrating complications were identified following contrast administration (P-value 0.04). Use of a contrast agent does not improve the detection of active inflammation in the terminal ileum and colon compared to non-contrast MRE, although use of a contrast agent does aid in the detection of penetrating disease.
A Small Scale Real World like Model of a Smart Grid

The objective of our project was to improve upon a smart grid model developed by a previous group. When originally built, the smart grid design did not feature a substation, which is a key component of a smart grid. In the smart grid model that was already designed, the transformers were present for the voltage drops required at the different structures. When dealing with higher voltages, it is common to see more complicated bus configurations, which is why we have chosen to use the breaker and half configuration for the high side. By choosing this configuration it will provide power to the customer more efficiently and reliably. As for the low side of the substation we have chosen the main bus and transfer bus configuration to ensure reliability while also saving some money. Due to our budget constraints and space within the smart grid we elected to use relays instead of circuit breakers. The other objective of our project was to fix small errors that were present within the smart grid due to budgetary and time constraints of the previous groups work. The main problem was rewiring the negative output of the transformers so that they run to the negative input of the loads instead of ground.
Just friends? Frankenstein and the friend to come

Readers are used to construing Robert Walton’s narrative, relayed in letters to sister Margaret Saville, as framing the life stories of Victor Frankenstein and the unnamed Creature and thereby prep...
The Discovery and Structure—Activity Relationships Leading to CE-156811, a Difluorophenyl Cyclopropyl Fluoroether: A Novel Potent Antibacterial Analogue Derived from Hygromycin A.

SAR studies and optimization of various modified hygromycin A fluoroalkyl ethers, which lead to the discovery of the highly potent antibacterial CE-156811 (I) derived from truncation of the ribose ring and difluorination of the phenyl found in hygromycin A, are discussed.
Abstract 2430: Assessing patient navigation and support services at FQHCs

Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for Latinx followed by African Americans (CDC, 2017). Screening can increase the rate of early detection and treatment success. However, the rates of compliance for screening are typically lower among Latinx, which may contribute to decreased diagnosis and increased risk of disease in comparison to their Euro-American counterparts (ACS, 2015). Access to screening services and ability to pay are among the commonly cited barriers for screening compliance. The IDPH recommends incorporating patient navigator (PN) models in community health clinics and communitywide events to increase health literacy, knowledge, and delivery, and quality of care including compliance with screening methods. The University of Illinois (UI) Cancer Center (UICC) works in partnership with the UI Health Mile Square Health Center (MSHC) to implement a bilingual, bicultural PN model for conducting comprehensive cancer prevention and screening services among Latinx, African Americans, and underserved communities in Chicago. A mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the patients’ perceptions and experiences with patient navigator encounters and support services. The authors conducted a semi-structured interviews and abstracted data from patient records. Provider interviews were conducted to understand provider knowledge and attitudes of navigator services. Navigator interviews captured benefits and challenges of incorporating navigation services at the clinics. Data were entered in REDCap and analyzed using Dedoose v. 8.0.42. This paper validates the implementation of PN models at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) as an asset to patients and providers in facilitating health education, increasing patient screening compliance, and improving access to health care services. Comprehensive cancer screening maximizes resources and improves the quality of life and health outcomes of underserved Latinx and African American patients who are navigated to services. PN-provider partnerships are introduced as a hallmark of the program’s success in identifying at-risk patients and navigating them to appropriate and timely medical screening, diagnostic, and treatment services. Future directions for incorporating and evaluating culturally responsive, bilingual, bicultural PN models at FQHCs, community clinics, and school based clinics are shared to inform public policy for rapid cycle monitoring of protective health cancer interventions and early detection services for Latinx and African American patients in Chicago. Citation Format: Lisa Aponte-Soto. Assessing patient navigation and support services at FQHCs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2430.
California forest die-off linked to multi-year deep soil drying in 2012–2015 drought

Widespread episodes of recent forest die-off have been tied to the occurrence of anomalously warm droughts, although the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. California’s 2012–2015 drought, with exceptionally low precipitation and warmth, and widespread conifer death, provides an opportunity to explore the chain of events leading to forest die-off. Here, we present the spatial and temporal patterns of die-off and moisture deficit during California’s drought, based on field and remote sensing observations. We found that die-off was closely tied to multi-year deep-rooting-zone drying, and that this relationship provides a framework with which to diagnose and predict mortality. Marked tree death in an intensively studied Sierra Nevada forest followed a four-year moisture overdraft, with cumulative 2012–2015 evapotranspiration exceeding precipitation by ~1,500 mm, and subsurface moisture exhaustion to 5–15-m depth. Observations across the entire Sierra Nevada further linked tree death to deep drying, with die-off and moisture overdraft covarying across latitude and elevation. Unusually dense vegetation and warm temperatures accelerated southern Sierran evapotranspiration in 2012–2015, intensifying overdraft and compounding die-off by an estimated 55%. Climate change is expected to further amplify evapotranspiration and moisture overdraft during drought, potentially increasing Sierran tree death during drought by ~15–20% °C−1. Deep soil drying, caused by high evaporation, can explain California forest die-off in the droughts during 2012–2015, according to analyses of patterns of die-off and moisture deficit.
Policy distraction: sentencing reform adoption as a diversion from rising social inequality

Since the mid-1970s, more than two-thirds of U.S. states adopted some combination of sentencing reforms. This paper assessed the possibility that reforms were, at least, partly a reflection of a concerted effort of policymakers to divert attention away from social and economic inequalities. Event History Analysis was used to measure the relative change in the odds of adoption for four main reforms based on changes in several state-level economic, social, political, and demographic indicators. With some mixed findings, the analysis suggests that a number of state characteristics, including higher economic inequality (Gini coefficient), prior reform history, increased percent black, increased percent Hispanic (most models), increased unemployment, and, to a lesser extent, poverty rates significantly increased the rate of adoption for some reforms. The results suggest, among other things, that reforms were more likely to be passed when economic inequality increased.
Mitigating DDoS Flooding Attacks against IoT using Custom Hardware Modules

The increasing number of deployed Internet of Things (IoT) devices is supporting a plethora of new applica-tions that enriches our daily lives. Smart Cities, for instance, leverage IoT to enable new ways of interactions among citizens, government, public services, healthcare, natural resources, waste and energy management. This synergy pushes the participation of individuals and organizations to new levels, strengthening democracy. However, the ubiquity of such devices and their unique characteristics of being numerous, constantly connected to the Internet and having constrained processing capabilities turned IoT into the new target of cyberattacks. Lately, we have witnessed an alarming increase in attack events towards IoT. The most common pattern is usually done in two phases. In the first phase, attackers exploit vulnerabilities in as many devices as possible, turning them into their bots. In the second phase, attackers order bots to dispatch as many request as possible towards a chosen target, flooding them with requests, attempting to exhaust device's computing resources: a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is in place. The traditional targets of massive DDoS attacks are eminent organizations, like financial institutions, governments and online retailers. However, there is space still for small scale DDoS attacks towards IoT devices itself. The main objective would be bringing down IoT devices which firmwares are not easily exploitable, such as security/video surveillance devices. In this paper, we present a study on DDoS flooding attack mitigation where IoT devices are the targets. To that end, we propose a feasible architecture leveraging a CoAP Accelerator to effectively improve device's resilience. The CoAP Accelerator works in cooperation with the device's CPU, having a key role on CoAP message processing. The architecture was prototyped in a System-on-Chip (SoC) Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and evaluations were carried out demonstrating how device’s computing resources are not exhausted, thus allowing it to proper operate while under attack.