cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sustainable attitudes: Protecting tourism with inoculation messages

Abstract This study explored the potential of inoculation messages to protect the pro-destination attitudes of potential tourists. As this study argues, much research has focused on the promotion of destination images, sustainable tourism, and more recently the impact of Tourism 2.0 (i.e., hyper connected, multidimensional consumer knowledge sharing across social media platforms) on the industry. Yet, little attention has been given to communication strategies designed to pre-emptively protect tourist attitudes from negative online peer reviews. Therefore, via a three-phase experiment the current investigation explored the impact of different (i.e., no message, supportive, and inoculation) communication message strategies on tourist pro-destination attitudes when faced with a negative peer review of the destination on social media. Results indicate that for participants exposed to negative peer reviews presented via social media inoculation messages protected pro-destination attitudes better than other message types.
Multicenter Implementation of a Novel Management Protocol Increases the Outpatient Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether a protocol combining risk stratification, treatment with the direct-acting oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban, and defined follow-up is associated with a greater proportion of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) treated as outpatients, without hospital admission. METHODS We performed a multicenter study of patients diagnosed with VTE (pulmonary embolism [PE] or deep vein thrombosis [DVT]) in two urban EDs, 18 months before and 18 months after implementation of an outpatient VTE treatment protocol. Patients with radiographically confirmed acute VTE were eligible. Our primary outcome was the proportion of VTE patients discharged from the ED or observation unit (i.e., without hospital admission). We performed subgroup analyses according to hospital, DVT and PE, and low-risk PE. We also assessed 7- and 30-day mortality, major bleeding, and returns to the ED. We compared proportions using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS We enrolled 2,212 patients, 1,081 (49%) before protocol and 1,131 (51%) after protocol. Mean age (59 years vs. 60 years), female sex (49% vs. 49%), other demographics, comorbid illness, and PE risk stratification were similar before and after. After protocol, more VTE (35% from 26%, p < 0.001), PE (18% from 12%, p = 0.002), low-risk PE (28% from 18%, p < 0.001), and DVT (60% from 49%, p = 0.002) patients were treated as outpatients. Mortality, bleeding, and returns to ED were rare and did not increase after protocol. CONCLUSIONS A treatment protocol combining risk-stratification, rivaroxaban treatment and defined follow-up is associated with an increase in PE and DVT patients treated as outpatients, with no increase in adverse outcomes.
Comments on “Study of thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures of propionitrile with dimethylsulfoxide (or diethylsulfoxide) at temperatures from (298.15 to 323.15) K”

Abstract The negative excess molar volumes reported by Ghazoyan and coworkers for binary propionitrile + dimethyl sulfoxide and propionitrile + diethyl sulfoxide are not thermodynamically consistent with the positive numerical values that the authors give for the partial molar excess volumes for the individual mixture components. Moreover, the authors' calculated partial molar volumes of the individual mixture components are not consistent with the molar volumes of the mixtures based on the experimental densities.
Effect of Pendant Dioxolane Rings in Polymers on Gas Transport Characteristics

Polymers with pendant ring structures often exhibit unique gas transport characteristics. For example, poly(perfluoro-4-methyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane) (poly(PFMMD)) exhibits superior separation ...
Implications of Behavioral Economics for the Costs and Benefits of Fuel Economy Standards

This review focuses on recent developments in the application of behavioral economics to the evaluation of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas regulations. Transportation is the largest source of CO2 emissions from energy use in the US economy and a major and growing source worldwide. Regulating the efficiency of motor vehicles has been a core component of energy policy in the USA, the EU, China, Japan, Canada, and many other nations. Recent findings concerning consumers’ actual decision-making about energy efficiency indicate that the premises of the rational economic model are not appropriate for evaluating energy-efficiency standards. Progress in behavioral psychology and economics has shown that loss aversion, the principle that faced with a risky choice human beings tend to weigh potential losses about twice as heavily as gains, is strongly affected by framing. Simple, risky choices in which there is a status quo option generally provoke loss-averse responses. Recent analyses show that the choice to buy or not buy energy-efficiency technologies induces loss aversion and can result in systematic underinvestment in energy efficiency. Empirical investigation of consumers’ fuel economy decision-making contradicts the rational economic model and is consistent with loss aversion. However, recent economic evaluations of fuel economy and greenhouse gas regulations are explicitly or implicitly premised on rational economic behavior. Insights developed by behavioral psychologists and behavioral economists about the decision-making of real consumers provide a coherent explanation that fundamentally alters the way fuel economy regulations should be evaluated. If consumers are assumed to make decisions according to the rational economic model and markets are reasonably efficient, regulations cannot produce large private fuel savings. The behavioral economic model explains not only why such savings do exist but why consumers strongly support fuel economy regulations. The private savings from fuel economy regulations can be large relative to the social benefits of fuel economy and greenhouse gas regulations.
Quantum computation of magnon spectra

We demonstrate quantum computation of two-point correlation functions for a Heisenberg spin chain. Using the IBM Q 20-qubit quantum machines, we find that, for two sites, the correlation functions produce the exact results reliably. For four sites, results from the IBM Q 20-qubit Tokyo quantum computer are noisy due to read out errors and decoherence. Nevertheless, the correlation functions retain the correct spectral information. This is illustrated in the frequency domain by accurately extracting the magnon energies from peaks in the spectral function.
Response to: 'Correspondence to 'Gender gap in rheumatology: speaker representation at annual conferences' by Monga and Liew-gender discrepancies at annual EULAR congresses: towards the gap narrowing' by Conigliaro et al.

We were pleased to read the correspondence by Conigliaro et al to our letter about the gender gap in the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) annual conference.1 2 The authors provide data on the gender gap in the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) meetings in 2018 and in 2019. Overall, the authors found that female speakers delivered 46% of presentations in 2018, and 44% in 2019—numbers that were similar to our findings for ACR meetings. The authors were able to break down the proportion of female …
The Effect of Systemic Tranexamic Acid on Hypercoagulable Complications and Perioperative Outcomes Following Three-Column Osteotomy for Adult Spinal Deformity.

Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Objective:Thoracolumbar 3-column osteotomy (3CO) is a powerful technique for correction of rigid adult spinal deformity (ASD). However, it can be associated ...
On the 2D Zakharov system with L2 Schrödinger data

We prove local in time well-posedness for the Zakharov system in two space dimensions with large initial data in L2 × H−1/2 × H−3/2. This is the space of optimal regularity in the sense that the data-to-solution map fails to be smooth at the origin for any rougher pair of spaces in the L2-based Sobolev scale. Moreover, it is a natural space for the Cauchy problem in view of the subsonic limit equation, namely the focusing cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The existence time we obtain depends only upon the corresponding norms of the initial data—a result which is false for the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation in dimension two—and it is optimal because Glangetas–Merle's solutions blow up at that time.
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Atrophy in Recessive Stargardt Disease as Measured by Short-Wavelength and Near-Infrared Autofluorescence.

Purpose To compare the detection of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy in short-wavelength (SW-AF) and near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF) images in Stargardt disease (STGD1) patients. Methods SW-AF and NIR-AF images (115 eyes from 115 patients) were analyzed by two independent graders. Hypoautofluorescent (hypoAF) areas, indicative of RPE atrophy, were measured, and the two modalities were compared. Results Patients were segregated into four groups: nascent (6 [5%]), widespread (21 [18%]), discrete (55 [48%]), and chorioretinal atrophy (33 [29%]). The areas of hypoAF were larger in NIR-AF compared to SW-AF images in discrete (3.9 vs. 2.2 mm2, P < 0.001) and chorioretinal atrophy (12.7 vs. 11.4 mm2, P = 0.015). Similar findings were observed qualitatively in nascent and widespread atrophy patients. Using the area linear model (ALM), lesion area increased at similar rates in SW-AF and NIR-AF images of discrete atrophy (0.20 vs. 0.32 mm2/y, P = 0.275) and chorioretinal atrophy (1.30 vs. 1.74 mm2/y, P = 0.671). Using the radius linear model (RLM), the lesion effective radius also increased similarly in SW-AF and NIR-AF images in discrete (0.03 vs. 0.05 mm2/y, P = 0.221) and chorioretinal atrophy (0.08 vs. 0.10 mm2/y, P = 0.754) patients. Conclusions NIR-AF reveals a larger area of RPE atrophy in STGD1 patients compared to SW-AF images, but rates of lesion enlargement in the two modalities are similar. Translational Relevance Measurements of RPE atrophy by AF imaging are crucial for monitoring STGD1 disease progression and given our findings we advocate greater use of NIR-AF for patients.
Discerning the Importance and Nature of the Family System in Relation to the Family Firm: A Paradigm Shift

The importance and nature of the family system relative to the family firm are presented in detail. Family firm definitions highlight the importance of the family system as supported by extant theories. The Sustainable Family Business Theory (SFBT) (Danes et al., Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(3), 229–268, 2008) and the Entrepreneurial Value Creation Theory (EVCT) (Mishra & Zachary, The Theory of Entrepreneurship: Creating and Sustaining Entrepreneurial Value. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) are reviewed. From this conceptual base and known research to date, the family firm’s secrets are explored by delineating and examining the prevailing myths of the family firm along with the apparent and counter dilemmas of such misconceptions. Finally, this chapter suggests possible exemplar nexuses between the family firm and the entrepreneurial firm as well as identifies 13 exemplar secrets or hidden truths of the family firm. The challenge of a paradigm shift is offered along with its implications for researchers, educators, practitioners, owners, and family members.
MOFA: Multi-Objective Flux Analysis for the COBRA Toolbox

Multi-objective Optimization (MO) is an important tool for quantitative examination of the trade-offs faced by biological organisms. Using genome-scale constraint-based models of metabolism (GSMs), Multi-Objective Flux Analysis (MOFA) allows MO analyses of trade-offs among key biological tasks. The leading software package for conducting a plethora of different types of constraint-based analyses using GSMs is the COBRA Toolbox for MATLAB. We have developed a new add-on tool for this toolbox using Normalized Normal Constraint (NNC) that performs MOFA for a number of objectives only limited by computation power (n [≤] 10). This development will facilitate MOFA analyses by COBRAs large user base and allow greater multi-faceted examination of metabolic trade-offs in complicated biological systems. Availability and ImplementationThe MOFA software is freely available for download from https://bbs.llnl.gov under the GPL v2 license. The program runs on MATLAB with the COBRA software on Windows, Linux, and MacOS. It includes a detailed manual explaining the input and output of a simulation, a listing of the codes functions, and an example MOFA run using a well-curated GSM model of E. coli. Contactgriesemer1@llnl.gov or navid1@llnl.gov
Circular RNA CircHIPK3 Promotes Homeostasis of the Intestinal Epithelium by Reducing MicroRNA 29b Function.

Background & Aims Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that form covalently closed circles. Although circRNAs influence many biological processes, little is known about their role in intestinal epithelium homeostasis. We surveyed circRNAs required to maintain intestinal epithelial integrity and identified circular homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3 (circHIPK3) as a major regulator of intestinal epithelial repair after acute injury. Methods Intestinal mucosal tissues were collected from mice exposed to cecal ligation and puncture for 48 hours and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and sepsis. We isolated primary enterocytes from the small intestine of mice and derived intestinal organoids. The levels of circHIPK3 were silenced in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) by transfection with small interfering RNAs targeting the circularization junction of circHIPK3 or elevated using a plasmid vector that overexpressed circHIPK3. Intestinal epithelial repair was examined in an in vitro injury model by removing part of the monolayer. The association of circHIPK3 with microRNA 29b (miR-29b) was determined by biotinylated RNA pull-down assays. Results Genome-wide profile analyses identified ∼300 circRNAs, including circHIPK3, differentially expressed in the intestinal mucosa of mice after cecal ligation and puncture relative to sham mice. Intestinal mucosa from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and sepsis had reduced levels of circHIPK3. Increasing the levels of circHIPK3 enhanced intestinal epithelium repair after wounding, whereas circHIPK3 silencing repressed epithelial recovery. CircHIPK3 silencing also inhibited growth of IECs and intestinal organoids, and circHIPK3 overexpression promoted intestinal epithelium renewal in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that circHIPK3 directly bound to miR-29b and inhibited miR-29 activity, thus increasing expression of Rac1, Cdc42, and cyclin B1 in IECs after wounding. Conclusions In studies of mice, IECs, and human tissues, our results indicate that circHIPK3 improves repair of the intestinal epithelium at least in part by reducing miR-29b availability.
A Simple Synthesis of a Pillar[n]arene Building Block – 1,4-bis(4-Bromobenzyl)benzene†

Recent years have seen a veritable explosion of activity in the synthesis of “pillar[n]arenes”1 (previously known as “[1n]paracyclophanes”) and their application in the construction of host-guest m...
INTRAVENOUS LIPID ADMINISTRATION IN THE PREMATURE INFANT. 1. EFFECT ON ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID STATUS (EFAS)

INTRAVENOUS LIPID ADMINISTRATION IN THE PREMATURE INFANT. 1. EFFECT ON ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID STATUS (EFAS)
Resonant photoprodtuction of the electron-positron pair with photon emission in strong magnetic field

The process of the electron-positron pair production by a photon in external magnetic field has been studied in the case when one additional photon is emitted. Kinematics of the process and the resonance conditions in approximation of the strong magnetic field and weakly excited electron (positron) states (ultraquantum approximation) have been found
Fish consumption and coronary artery disease in China.

To the Editor: As Dallongeville et al1 indicated in the introduction of their article, it has been well established that fish consumption has a protective cardiovascular effect. To the existing theories of this association, the authors added another: fish consumption is associated with decreased heart rate and thus lower risk of sudden death because heart rate is positively associated with risk of sudden death. The protective effect of fish consumption on coronary artery disease was known in China nearly four decades ago. In an epidemiological study on the regional differences in incidence of coronary artery disease in people over 40 years of age in China, which was carried out by the Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, it was noted that the lowest incidence of coronary artery disease (0.6%) was in the fishermen in Choushan archipelago (Table).2 View this table: Regional Differences …
The introduction of early patient rehabilitation in surgery of soft tissue sarcoma and its impact on post-operative outcome

Abstract Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs are implemented in multiple fields of surgery, but not yet in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) surgery. We wondered whether its introduction into STS surgery might have impacted postoperative outcome. Methods Two hundred and fifty seven adult patients with primary limb or trunk wall STS received ERAS from 2008 to 2012 as a part of the intra-operative management. We evaluated, in retrospect, the intra-operative management, post-operative outcomes, functional and oncological results of these patients and compared them with 459 prior patients treated under a standard recovery after surgery (SRAS) program from 1989 to 2007. Results The most visible change from SRAS to ERAS in the perioperative management was decrease of wound drainage (72% vs. 15%, p Conclusion Introducing a rapid recovery program was associated with a shorter hospitalization stay without compromising surgical or oncological outcomes. The program appears to be safe and reliable to use in patients undergoing STS surgery.
Parsing of General Context-Free Languages

Publisher Summary One of the major advances both in the study of natural languages and in the use of newly defined languages, such as programming languages, came with the realization that one required a formal and precise mechanism for generating the infinite set of strings of a language. Both programming linguists and natural linguists independently formulated the notion of a context-free grammar as an important generative schema. This chapter focuses on this recognition problem and its related problem of “parsing,” which means to find a derivation tree of a string in the language. A variety of methods are now known for parsing classes of context-free grammars. In some sense, the crudest method is systematic trial-and-error—that is, a deterministic simulation of the nondeterministic choice of next steps in a derivation. However, such a simulation can require a number of steps, which is exponential in the length of the string being analyzed. The chapter focuses its attention on those classes of grammars that are rich enough to generate all the context-free languages. It concentrates on three algorithms for parsing classes of context-free grammars. It shows that each method parses a class of grammars sufficiently large to generate all the context-free languages. Furthermore, each method has a time bound, which is shown to be at worst cubic in the length of the string being parsed. The three methods are presented within a consistent framework and notation so that it is possible to understand both their similarities and their differences.
Fyn Promotes Th17 Differentiation by Regulating the Kinetics of RORγt and Foxp3 Expression

Th17 cells constitute a proinflammatory CD4 + T cell subset that is important for microbial clearance, but also are implicated as propagators of various autoimmune pathologies. Evidence suggests that Th17 cells share common progenitors with immunosuppressive CD4 + inducible regulatory T cells (T REG ) and that the developmental pathways of these two subsets are reciprocally regulated. In this study, we show evidence that the Src family tyrosine kinase Fyn helps regulate this Th17/T REG balance. When placed under Th17-skewing conditions, CD4 + T cells from fyn −/− mice had decreased levels of IL-17, but increased expression of the T REG transcription factor Foxp3. The defect in IL-17 expression occurred independently of the ectopic Foxp3 expression and correlated with a delay in retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt upregulation and an inability to maintain normal STAT3 activation. Fyn-deficient Th17 cells also exhibited delayed upregulation of Il23r , Il21 , Rora , and Irf4 , as well as aberrant expression of Socs3 , suggesting that Fyn may function upstream of a variety of molecular pathways that contribute to Th17 polarization. The fyn −/− mice had fewer IL-17 + CD4 + T cells in the large intestinal lamina propria compared with littermate controls. Furthermore, after transfer of either wild-type or fyn −/− naive CD4 + T cells into Rag1 −/− hosts, recipients receiving fyn −/− cells had fewer IL-17–producing T cells, indicating that Fyn may also regulate Th17 differentiation in vivo. These results identify Fyn as a possible novel regulator of the developmental balance between the Th17 cell and T REG subsets.
Profile of ceritinib in the treatment of ALK+ metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer has become one of the leading causes of death in both men and women in the United States, with approximately 230,000 new cases and 160,000 deaths each year. Approximately 80% of lung cancer patients are diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a subset of epithelial lung cancers that are generally insensitive to chemotherapy. An estimated 3%-7% of NSCLC patients harbor tumors containing anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement as an oncogenic driver. Subsequent development of the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib demonstrated substantial initial ALK+-tumor regression, yet ultimately displayed resistance in treated patients. The recently approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor ceritinib has been shown to be an effective antitumor agent against crizotinib-naive and -resistant ALK+-NSCLC patients. In this review, we will provide an overview of biology and management of ALK+-NSCLC with a special focus on clinical development of ceritinib.
CT scan and the pediatric trauma patient--are we overdoing it?

Abstract Background Recent literature expresses concern for an increased risk of cancer in children exposed to low-dose radiation during computed tomography (CT). In response, children’s hospitals have implemented the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) concept, but this is not true at most adult referring institutions. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic necessity of CT in the evaluation of pediatric trauma patients. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of the trauma database at a large, level I, freestanding children’s hospital with specific attention to the pattern of CT evaluations. Results From January 1999 to October 2003, 1,653 children with traumatic injuries were evaluated by the trauma team, with 1,422 patients undergoing 2,361 CT scans. Overall, 54% of obtained scans were interpreted as normal. Fifty percent of treated patients were transferred from referring hospitals. Approximately half arrived with previous CT scans with 9% of these requiring further imaging. Of the 897 patients that underwent abdominal CT imaging, only 2% were taken to the operating room for an exploratory laparotomy. In addition, of those patients who had abnormal findings on an abdominal CT scan, only 5% underwent surgical exploration. Conclusions CT scans are used with regularity in the initial evaluation of the pediatric trauma patient, and perhaps abdominal CT imaging is being used too frequently. A substantial number of these scans come from referral institutions that may not comply with ALARA. The purported risk of CT radiation questions whether a more selective approach to CT evaluation of the trauma patient should be considered.
Model studies on the metal-catalyzed protein oxidation: structure of a possible His-Lys cross-link.

Redox active transition metals such as copper and iron contribute to biomacromolecular damage that occurs during oxidative stress in a number of degenerative disorders and results in protein cross-linking. On the basis of suggestive evidence for an oxyradical-induced cross-linking between His and Lys side chains, we investigated the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of 4-alkylimidazoles in the presence of amines, as surrogates for these amino acid side chains, using ascorbic acid as a continual source of reducing equivalents. A model His-Lys cross-link was isolated and structurally characterized as a 5-alkyl-5-hydroxy-4-(alkylamino)-1,5-dihydroimidazol-2-one by NMR and mass spectrometry. Evidence that the 2-imidazolone, the principal oxidation product found in the absence of amine, is an intermediate in the formation of the imidazole−amine adduct was that higher yields of the cross-link adduct were obtained starting with the 2-imidazolone. Possible mechanisms for formation of the cross-link and other observed pr...
Structural analysis and diffusional behavior of molecularly imprinted polymer networks for cholesterol recognition

Novel configurational biomimetic polymers for the recognition of cholesterol were prepared by molecular design of methacrylate-based structures containing poly(ethylene glycol) in moderately and highly cross-linked networks. Preparation in thermodynamically balanced solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide led to recognitive systems with increased recognitive capacity after 30 min. Microporous and nanoporous networks were prepared. Their molecular structure was analyzed using a cross-linked network structure theory. It was determined that the recognitive capacity of these gels would be influenced by the diffusive resistance, as the molecular ratio of the template to the nanopore (mesh) size was in the range of 0.3-0.8. Use of porogens improved the porous structure, while at the same time significantly decreasing the time lag of recognition.
Theory and Analysis of GaAs MESFET Mixers (Short Papers)

A generalized analysis of the GaAs MESFET mixer is presented. Its advantage is that many of the simplifying assumptions in previous approaches have been substantially eliminated. Using this approach, the nonlinearities of any number of elements in the FET equivalent circuit may be included, any number of Iocal oscillator (LO) harmonics and mixing products may he considered, unusual mixers such as subharmonic mixers, upconverters, and mixers with high IF frequencies can be analyzed. The theory has been verified experimentally. Two mixers are described: one exhibits 11.5-dB conversion gain with + 9-dBm LO power, 5.6-dB minimum noise figure and + 15-dBm third-order intermodulation intercept, and another which exhibits 500-MHz bandwidth, 6-dB minimum gain, 5.5-dB maximum noise figure, and + 12-dBm third-order intercept at + 6-dBm LO power.
The role of Ca2+ in maintaining the Na and K content of the amphibian lens.

Abstract The amphibian lens, in vitro, like the mammalian lens, accumulates Na and loses K more rapidly when Ca 2+ is excluded from the bathing solution. Other alkaline earth metal ions, Mg 2+ , Be 2+ and Sr 2+ , could substitute for the Ca 2+ , and maintain lenticular Na and K, but Mn 2+ and La 3+ were only partially effective. Verapamil, lanthanum and A23187, agents which alter the permeability of cells to Ca 2+ , had no effect on lenticular Na and K. Lenses prepared in divided Ussing-type chambers, and electrically short-circuited, also gained Na and lost K more rapidly when bathed on both sides by Ca-free solutions. The Na gain was greater from the anterior than the posterior bathing solution. The loss of K was not related to the Na content of each bathing solution or apparently, to the total uptake of Na. The translenticular p.d. and short-circuit current (s.c.c.) increased in the absence of Ca 2+ and the presence of EGTA. The changes in electrical resistance were usually small and inconsistent. These electrical changes partly reflected an increased translenticular Na flux from the posterior to the anterior bathing solutions. Neither the Na flux in the opposite direction, nor the Cl flux were changed. The results suggest that Ca 2+ exerts a relatively specific type of membrane effect in controlling lenticular permeability to Na and K but the nature of the required divalent ion is not especially unique.
Residual correlation in two-proton interferometry from Λ -proton strong interactions

We investigate the residual effect of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}p$ strong interactions in $\mathrm{pp}$ correlations with one proton from $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ decays. It is found that the residual correlation is about 10% of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}p$ correlation strength, and has a broad distribution centered around $q\ensuremath{\approx}40 \mathrm{MeV}/c.$ The residual correlation cannot explain the observed structure on the tail of the recently measured $\mathrm{pp}$ correlation function in central Pb+Pb collisions by NA49 at the Super Proton Synchrotron.
Odor and flavor contribution of 2-pentyl pyridine to soy protein isolates

Total lipid extracts from two commercial soy protein isolates (SPI) were subjected to analyses by gas chromatography/olfaction by using capillary columns with stationary phases of three different polarities. With Kovats indices to identify the location of the odorous compounds on chromatograms produced with the same lipid extracts by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, the corresponding mass spectra of clearly distinguishable odors were examined. Compounds, tentatively identified by their mass spectra, were confirmed by retention times (on all three stationary phases), odor intensity, and odor description when compared with standards. Major odorous compounds identified included 2-methyl butyric acid methyl ester, hexanal, butyric acid, and 2-pentyl pyridine. Subsequent sensory analyses demonstrated that the mean levels of 2-pentyl pyridine found in two SPI (0.28 and 1.01 ppm), combined with its repulsive flavor profile (throat-catching and grassy in water) and extremely low flavor threshold level (0.000012 ppm), make it a major contributor to the undesirable flavor of SPI. Its mean contents in SPI were 23,333 and 84,167 times greater, respectively, than its flavor threshold. The level of hexanal was 112 and 201 times, respectively, above its flavor threshold, and the level of 2-pentyl furan in each SPI was 433 and 592 times, respectively, above its flavor threshold, which indicates that these two compounds make relatively minor contributions to the flavor of SPI.
Whole-cell voltage clamp and intracellular perfusion technique on single smooth muscle cells.

Using freshly isolated single smooth muscle cells prepared by collegenase treatment, membrane currents were recorded by whole-cell voltage clamp. Intracellular constituents were modified by using an intracellular perfusion technique, i.e., pipette solutions were continuously exchanged from control to test solutions during current recording. In smooth muscle cells, intracellular application of ATP, but not cyclic AMP, enchanced the amplitude of Ca2+ currents and prevented current run-down. In addition, with this stabilization of Ca2+ current recording by ATP, introduction of various chemicals into the cell using the intracellular perfusion technique is useful for investigations of regulation of ion channels in smooth muscle cells.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Current Perspectives

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), characterized by the t(9;22) and BCR/ABL1 fusion, is a disease model for studying the mechanisms of genetic abnormalities in leukemogenesis. The detection of the t(9;22), characterization of the BCR/ABL fusion, and the discovery of imatinib have elegantly reflected the success of our research efforts in CML. However, genomic instabilities that lead to the formation of the BCR/ ABL1 fusion are not fully understood. It is important to understand how various genes that are involved in regulating the signaling pathway and epigenetic deregulation cooperate with the BCR/ABL1 fusion in the initiation and progression of CML.
Mechanisms that generate junctional diversity in α and δ chains that use the Tcrd-V3 gene product

The signals that dictate whether a thymocyte will express the αs or γδ T-cell receptors are unknown. Although it is also not known if these two different cell types use identical recombinational machinery during rearrangement, the same variable (V) region genes can be used by both α and δ chains. By examining the products of rearrangements in αs or γδ thymocytes that express identical V genes, we hoped to determine whether these cell types might differ in particular aspects of their recombinational activity. The polymerase chain reaction was used to show that the Tcrd-V2, Tcrd-V3, and Tcra-V3 genes are expressed as both Tcra and Tcrd transcripts in fetal and adult BALB/c mice. Sequencing of Vδ3 isolates was performed in order to compare the contribution of various mechanisms to the generation of junctional diversity. Extensive junctional diversity was present at all stages of development examined (fetal, newborn, and adult). During early development both α and δ chain junctional diversity is generated primarily by variability in the position of joining two gene segments (i.e., Tcrd-V3 to Tcra-J in α chains; Tcrd-V3 to Tcrd-D2 and Tcrd-D2 to Tcrd-J1 in δ chains). The pattern of base pair deletion from the end of the Tcrd-V3 gene was identical in α and δ chains and deletions occurred in fetal as well as adult T cells. In later development T cells use not only this mechanism for α and δ chains but also the addition of bases at gene segment junctions, presumably through the action of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). Finally, a comparison of the variable domains of these α and δ chains shows that a notable difference is the variability in length of the CDR 3 region which can be significantly longer in δ-chains than in α-chains.
Comparison of Rotordynamic Analysis Predictions With the Test Response of Simple Gas Hybrid Bearings for Oil Free Turbomachinery

Current applications of gas film bearings in high-speed oil-free microturbomachinery (<0.4 MW) require calibrated predictive tools to successfully deploy their application to mass-produced systems, for example, oil-free turbochargers. The present investigation details the linear rotordynamic analysis of a test rotor supported on externally pressurized gas bearings. Model predictions are compared with the test rotordynamic response determined through comprehensive experiments conducted on a small rotor supported on three lobed hybrid (hydrostatic/hydrodynamic) rigid gas bearings. Predictions for the rotor-bearing system synchronous response to imbalance show good agreement with measurements during rotor coastdowns, and manifest a decrease in damping ratio as the level of external pressurization increases. The rotor-bearing eigenvalue analysis forwards natural frequencies in accordance with the measurements, and null damping ratios evidence the threshold speeds of rotordynamic instability. Estimated whirl frequency ratios are typically 50% of rotor speed, thus predicting subsynchronous instabilities at lower rotor speeds than found experimentally when increasing the magnitude of feed pressurization. Rationale asserting the nature of the discrepancies calls for further analysis.
Representation, methods, and circuits for time-based conversion and computation

In this paper, we present an efficient representation of the analog signal using the inter-pulse interval (IPI) time. Based on this representation, methods and circuits for conversion and computation have been developed. To validate these methods and circuits, a test chip has been fabricated using a 0.35µm mixed-signal CMOS process. Together, the circuits occupy 59.52 × 10−3mm2 of chip area and consume 8.8 mW of power from a 3.2 V supply. Test results at 10 MHz and simulations results at 100 MHz show good accuracy over ±600mV range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of vacuum on room-temperature ductility of Ni3Al

There is increasing evidence that grain boundaries in Ni[sub 3]Al are not intrinsically brittle as once thought. Rather, the low ductility commonly encountered when polycrystalline Ni[sub 3]Al is tested in air is due to extrinsic factors such as H[sub 2]O-induced environmental embrittlement, and microcracks introduced during processing. Regardless of whether it is H[sub 2]O, or both H[sub 2]O and H[sub 2], that are responsible for the embrittlement of Ni[sub 3]Al in air, it is of interest to measure the ductility of carefully prepared Ni[sub 3]Al specimens in vacuum as a function of pressure. It is of interest also to determine by how much the ductility increases when the test is performed in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), i.e., when the moisture content is reduced to extremely low levels. Put another way, conventional vacuums may not be good enough to entirely eliminate environmental embrittlement, and testing in ultrahigh vacuum may be necessary to determine the intrinsic properties of grain boundaries in Ni[sub 3]Al. In this paper the authors report the ductility of polycrystalline, B-free Ni[sub 3]Al as a function of pressure, over 12 orders of magnitude, from [approximately]10[sup 5] Pa (in air) to [approximately]10[sup [minus]8] Pa (in UHV).
Gas Phase Kinetics of Neutral Transition Metal Atoms: Reactions of Hf, Ta, Ir, Pt, and Au with Alkanes and Alkenes

The chemical kinetics of the ground-state, neutral transition metal atoms Hf, Ta, Ir, Pt, and Au with alkanes and alkenes is surveyed. Laser-induced fluorescence measures effective bimolecular rate constants at 300 K in 0.5−1.1 Torr of He buffer gas. Pt(5d96s1) is thus far the only ground-state neutral atom in the entire transition metal block that reacts with methane. It also reacts rapidly with linear alkanes, cyclopropane, and the alkenes. Au(5d106s1) reacts only with the largest alkenes studied, and then very slowly. In spite of their 6s2 ground-state configurations, Hf(5d26s2), Ta(5d36s2), and Ir(5d76s2) react rapidly with alkenes including ethene; these atoms do not react with methane and the linear alkanes. An attempt is made to interpret the pattern of reactivity in terms of simple chemical bonding concepts, including electron configuration and spin, guided by earlier extensive electronic structure calculations for the 4d series. It appears that the lanthanide contraction of the 6s orbital strongl...
Root growth inhibition of rice by bensulfuron

Summary Bensulfuron inhibited root growth of waterseeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants in a solution culture system. Rice root growth was more sensitive to bensulfuron than was shoot growth. A1 2.5 × 10-9 M bensulfuron, plant height, number of leaves and number of roots were not significantly affected, while root growth was reduced, Seedlings treated 3 or 4 days after emergence showed a significant reduction of total root length by the second day after treatmeni. Root growth inhibition was proportional to duration of treatment; however, treatment for 2 days was necessary to affect root growth, Bensulfuron decreased the mitotic index and the mitotic height in root tips. At 5 days after treatment, only 0.7% of the cells were dividing and mitotic height was 68% of control
Molecular orbital studies of the NMR hydrogen bond shift

Abstract Magnetic shielding constants are calculated for the protons in XOH and XOH…OH2 (XH, CH3, NH2, OH and F) molecules using a slightly extended set of atomic functions modified by gauge factors. These results are used to determine theoretical values for the NMR hydrogen bond shifts in the XOH…OH2 systems. Such theoretical data are consistent with the few available experimental data. An analysis of the theoretical results reveals that there are three major types of shielding contribution to the NMR hydrogen bond shift; (a) a deshielding change due to the variation of the local currents on the hydrogen bonded proton; (b) a reduction in shielding from currents localized on the oxygen atom of the proton donor; (c) a deshielding contribution from currents induced on the oxygen atom of the proton acceptor. Except for the water dimer, contributions (a), (b) and (c) are of comparable importance for changes in isotropic shielding. For (H2O)2 contributions (a) and (c) are somewhat more important than contribution (b). Contribution (c) is almost totally responsible for the changes in the anistropies of the shielding tensors associated with the hydrogen bonded protons. The proton shielding anisotropy changes which occur on hydrogen bond formation are generally much larger than the corresponding variations in the isotropic values of the shielding tensors. This suggests that proton magnetic shielding anisotropies may be more sensitive measures of features of hydrogen bonding than are isotropic proton shielding constants.
Structure, recognition properties, and flexibility of the DNA-RNA hybrid

Molecular dynamics is used to investigate the properties of the DNA·RNA hybrid in aqueous solution at room temperature. The structure of the hybrid is intermediate between A and B forms but, in general, closer to the canonical A-type helix. All the riboses exhibit North puckerings, while 2‘-deoxyriboses exist in North, East, and South puckerings, the latter being the most populated one. The molecular recognition pattern of the DNA·RNA hybrid is a unique combination of those of normal DNA and RNA duplexes. Finally, the results obtained from essential dynamics and stiffness analysis demonstrate the large and very asymmetric flexibility of the hybrid and the strong predilection that each strand (DNA or RNA) has on the nature of their intrinsic motions in the corresponding homoduplexes. The implications of the unique structural and dynamic properties of the DNA·RNA hybrid on the mechanism of cleavage by RNase H are discussed.
Feminism in modern China

This essay discusses the significances and meanings of the emergence of feminism as a mode of social analysis in the early twentieth century in China. It focuses on a critical examination of some of the more dominant discourses of the time, and seeks to contextualize these in a global perspective. By concentrating in the last part of the essay on He-Yin Zhen (He Zhen), the anarchist–feminist editor of the Tokyo-based journal Natural Justice (Tianyi bao), and in particular on her exposition on female labor, the essay introduces one of the most radical critiques of Chinese and global gender issues written at the time. In so doing, it demonstrates He-Yin Zhen's prescience and the ways in which her analyses can continue to inform feminisms for our day.
Topological excitations in U(1) -invariant theories

A class of U(1) -invariant theories in d dimensions is introduced on a lattice. These theories are labeled by a simplex number s, with 1 < or = s < d. The case with s = 1 is the X-Y model; and s = 2 gives compact photodynamics. An exact duality transformation is applied to show that the U(1) -invariant theory in d dimensions with simplex number s is the same as a similar theory in d dimensions but which is Z /sub infinity/-invariant and has simplex number s = d-s. This dual theory describes the topological excitations of the original theory. These excitations are of dimension s - 1.
The lunar surface and early history of the Earth's satellite system☆

Abstract The hypothesis that most lunar craters and some of the maria are the result of impacts by meteors and larger celestial bodies colliding with the Moon has long been a favorite interpretation of these features. If this hypothesis is correct, many of the structures visible on the lunar surface may be the result of early collisions with other Earth satellites. A method to discriminate between surface structures due to satellite impacts and other impacts is proposed, and several implications concerning the early history of the Moon and the satellite system of Earth are presented. An interpretation of the predominance of maria on the side of the Moon which presently faces towards the Earth and their absence on the far side is obtained by considering that the Moon's distance from the Earth has been steadily increasing in the last few billion years. Under these conditions collisions with Earth satellites moving in orbits external to the Moon's own orbit are likely. The effect this may have on the distribution of maria, and the way in which our results can be used to interpret their present distributions are discussed in Appendices 1 and 2.
Activating peripheral arterial disease patients to reduce cholesterol: a randomized trial.

Abstract Background Peripheral arterial disease patients are less likely than other high-risk patients to achieve ideal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. This randomized controlled trial assessed whether a telephone counseling intervention, designed to help peripheral arterial disease patients request more intensive cholesterol-lowering therapy from their physician, achieved lower LDL cholesterol levels than 2 control conditions. Methods There were 355 peripheral arterial disease participants with baseline LDL cholesterol ≥70 mg/dL enrolled. The primary outcome was change in LDL cholesterol level at 12-month follow-up. There were 3 parallel arms: telephone counseling intervention, attention control condition, and usual care. The intervention consisted of patient-centered counseling, delivered every 6 weeks, encouraging participants to request increases in cholesterol-lowering therapy from their physician. The attention control condition consisted of telephone calls every 6 weeks providing information only. The usual care condition participated in baseline and follow-up testing. Results At 12-month follow-up, participants in the intervention improved their LDL cholesterol level, compared with those in attention control (−18.4 mg/dL vs −6.8 mg/dL, P =.010) but not compared with those in usual care (−18.4 mg/dL vs −11.1 mg/dL, P =.208). Intervention participants were more likely to start a cholesterol-lowering medication or increase their cholesterol-lowering medication dose than those in the attention control (54% vs 18%, P =.001) and usual care (54% vs 31%, P Conclusion Telephone counseling that helped peripheral arterial disease patients request more intensive cholesterol-lowering therapy from their physician achieved greater LDL cholesterol decreases than an attention control arm that provided health information alone. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Charge- 2 e skyrmion condensate in a hidden-order state

A higher-angular-momentum ($\ensuremath{\ell}=2$) $d$ density wave, a mixed triplet and a singlet, interestingly, admits skyrmionic textures. The skyrmions carry charge $2e$ and can condense into a spin-singlet $s$-wave superconducting state. In addition, a charge current can be induced by a time-dependent inhomogeneous spin texture, leading to quantized charge pumping. The quantum phase transition between this mixed triplet $d$ density wave and the skyrmionic superconducting condensate likely leads to deconfined quantum critical points. We suggest connections of this exotic state to electronic materials that are strongly correlated, such as the heavy-fermion ${\mathrm{URu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$. At the very least, we provide a concrete example in which topological order and broken symmetry are intertwined, which can give rise to non-BCS superconductivity.