cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does the Wealth Profile of a Company Matter in Discounted Cash Flow Analysis? Valuation Implications for Investors and Managers

This article examines the prospective valuation relationship between MVA and EVA. The author classified companies in the Stern Stewart Performance 1000 Universe in terms of whether they are in a tier 1 wealth profile (top-100 MVAranked companies), a tier 5 wealth profile, or a tier 10 wealth profile (bottom-100 MVA-ranked companies). Overall, the results that the market discounts economic earnings and that the wealth profile of a company matters in particular. Specifically, indicate the market discounts economic earnings for wealth creators, as opposed to the middle-to-low MVAranked companies. Consistent with financial theory, this implies that reliably positive EVA—such as that evident in the wealth creators—has intrinsic value, whereas relatively lowto-negative EVA—as present in low MVA-ranked companies—has questionable fundamental value. The author argues that wealth creators know how to rationalize capital, as they pursue positive NPV opportunities where the return on capital is higher than the cost of capital. On the other hand, low-to-negative MVA-ranked companies face risk pricing challenges as investors question the efficacy of their ability to create shareholder value. Although caveats apply, this prospective valuation of EVA has important pricing implications for investors and managers.
Refining paracervical block techniques for pain control in first trimester surgical abortion: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial

Abstract Objectives Our objective was to evaluate two different aspects of the paracervical block (PCB) technique for first trimester surgical abortion, to compare a 3-min wait prior to cervical dilation to no wait and to compare four-site with two-site injection. Study design We conducted two consecutive randomized, single-blinded noninferiority trials. In the first trial, women Results Both trials fully enrolled (total n =332). Results were inconclusive as to whether no wait was noninferior to waiting 3-min prior to cervical dilation for dilation pain [VAS: 63 mm (SD, 24 mm) vs. 56 mm (SD, 32mm)] and as to whether a two-site PCB was noninferior to a four-site block [VAS: 68 mm (SD, 21 mm) vs. 60 mm (SD, 30 mm)]. Noninferiority analysis was inconclusive because the confidence interval of the mean pain score difference between groups included the predefined inferiority margin of 13-mm pain difference. Superiority analysis showed the four-site PCB to be superior to the two-site PCB. Conclusion It remained inconclusive whether a 3-min wait time between PCB and cervical dilation provides noninferior pain control for first trimester surgical abortion. However, a four-site PCB appeared to be superior to a two-site PCB. Implications It remained inconclusive whether a 3-min wait time between PCB and cervical dilation or using a two-site instead of a four-site PCB provided noninferior pain control for first trimester surgical abortion. This study did not assess whether the combination of the two separate factors provides additive benefit.
Vapor-enhanced covalently bound ultra-thin films on oxidized surfaces for enhanced resolution imaging

Vapor-phase covalently bound siloxane thin films of various functionalities on a variety of surfaces, including glass, aluminum, and polyester, were demonstrated in a one-step process. Siloxane films a few nanometers thick were deposited on surfaces from the vapor phase using different inert polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) without the use of solvent, initiator, or a crosslinking agent. Functional PDMSs fluoro-polysiloxane (F-PDMS) and amino-polysiloxane (A-PDMS) were also coated on glass substrates, providing functional surfaces for patterned array of microlenses (MLs) for near-field imaging applications. We call our siloxane film deposition method SOLVED which refers to Siloxane-bound Layers through Vapor-Enhanced Deposition. Our ellipsometry data on the PDMS SOLVED surfaces indicated the film thickness was 6.5 ± 0.3 nm. The siloxane–surface binding was a thermally activated reaction with an apparent activation energy of ∼11 kcal mol−1. Our optical spectroscopic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass-spectrometry analysis data provided strong evidence that the SOLVED films retained the chemical nature of the polymers used for the coatings. The redox diffusion coefficients of Fe(CN)64−/3− species on SOLVED films using cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies were comparable with that of highly packed C18-silane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on ITO surfaces – implying high quality pinhole-defect-free SOLVED coatings on the surfaces. Further, both the CV and water contact angle (CA) measurements indicated that the photostability of SOLVED and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) SAM films on the ITO substrates was comparable. Unlike bulk PDMS, our ultra-thin SOLVED films did not exhibit any significant changes in the water CA over two weeks. A reproducible and stable hydrophobicity with tunable water CAs between 30° and 97° was obtained through plasma treatment. By selectively removing the SOLVED films thru oxygen plasma treatment, we demonstrated the fabrication of self-assembled aqueous ZnCl2 ML array. Near-field imaging using MLs yielded much higher spatial resolution than can be obtained using diffraction-limited wide-field imaging.
Conscience and Truthfulness

The conscience of the autobiographer may be seen at work both in the past and the present character of the writer, that is, in the author as protagonist and as narrator of his autobiography. Here I discuss the operation of conscience in the author’s present as it shapes the writing of autobiography, that is, conscience as a component of what theorists call ‘the autobiographical act’.1 Particular attention will be given to the autobiographies of Augustine, Rousseau, and Mary McCarthy as I seek to generalize about some of the ways conscience can shape the writing of autobiography. The discussion is organized in terms of three rubrics. First I suggest ways that conscience can be a vital incentive or motivation for writing an autobiography. Second, I analyze certain difficulties and temptations for conscience which are posed by the attempt to present truthfully one’s own character. Thus the first two sections discuss in turn the ways conscience sponsors and monitors the autobiographical act. Finally, I elaborate my understanding of what truthfulness in autobiography means. The most conscientious autobiographers — those, such as Augustine and McCarthy, to whom we attribute a truthful conscience — are both committed to and yet skeptical about achieving a truthful moral judgment of the self.
Criminal Lawyers -- Not the Defense Kind -- Lawyers Stealing from Clients Part I

Theft by "persons of trust" is a major type of theft crime, and thefts by lawyers from clients are an especially unfortunate activity. This paper begins an exploration of theft by lawyers, responses by the legal profession (including indemnification) and possible strategies for improved deterrence.
Inversion of a glacier hydrology model

The subglacial hydrologic system exerts strong controls on the dynamics of the overlying ice, yet the parameters that govern the evolution of this system are not widely known or observable. To gain a better understanding of these parameters, we invert a spatially averaged model of subglacial hydrology from observations of ice surface velocity and outlet stream discharge at Kennicott Glacier, Wrangell Mountains, AK, USA. To identify independent parameters, we formally non-dimensionalize the forward model. After specifying suitable prior distributions, we use a Markov-chain Monte Carlo algorithm to sample from the distribution of parameter values conditioned on the available data. This procedure gives us not only the most probable parameter values, but also a rigorous estimate of their covariance structure. We find that the opening of cavities due to sliding over basal topography and turbulent melting are of a similar magnitude during periods of large input flux, though turbulent melting also exhibits the greatest uncertainty. We also find that both the storage of water in the englacial system and the exchange of water between englacial and subglacial systems are necessary in order to explain both surface velocity observations and the relative attenuation in the amplitude of diurnal signals between input and output flux observations.
Indications of flow near maximum compression in layered deuterium-tritium implosions at the National Ignition Facility

An accurate understanding of burn dynamics in implosions of cryogenically layered deuterium (D) and tritium (T) filled capsules, obtained partly through precision diagnosis of these experiments, is essential for assessing the impediments to achieving ignition at the National Ignition Facility. We present measurements of neutrons from such implosions. The apparent ion temperatures T_{ion} are inferred from the variance of the primary neutron spectrum. Consistently higher DT than DD T_{ion} are observed and the difference is seen to increase with increasing apparent DT T_{ion}. The line-of-sight rms variations of both DD and DT T_{ion} are small, ∼150eV, indicating an isotropic source. The DD neutron yields are consistently high relative to the DT neutron yields given the observed T_{ion}. Spatial and temporal variations of the DT temperature and density, DD-DT differential attenuation in the surrounding DT fuel, and fluid motion variations contribute to a DT T_{ion} greater than the DD T_{ion}, but are in a one-dimensional model insufficient to explain the data. We hypothesize that in a three-dimensional interpretation, these effects combined could explain the results.
Divacancy Formation by Polyatomic Ion Implantation

The production of the neutral divacancy absorption band (1.8 μm at 300 K) by the polyatomic series C+ (70 keV), CO+ (163 keV), CO 2 + (256 keV), and by O 1 + (85 keV), O 2 + (170 keV), O 3 + (255 keV) has been investigated. The oxygen series is emphasized because equal total energy and impurity deposition can be achieved simultaneously. For fluences significantly less than those required for amorphous layer formation, divacancy formation by 255 keV O 3 + implantation at 300 K is ∿1.5 times that for an equal atomic dose introduced by 85 keV 1 + implantation. Divacancy formation at 80 K followed by heating to 300 K, is ∿1.3 times that for an equivalent implantation at 300 K. An enhanced probability for divacancy formation with increasing initial defect density is suggested to explain the polyatomic and temperature effects. For polyatomic implantation the initial defect density is increased by simultaneous collisions within a cascade, while suppressed annealing allows accumulation of initial defects for low temperature implantation. Defect annealing for energy deposition near the crystalline-to-amorphous transition is especially important in determining the nature of the disorder. The results are compared with previous channeling-backscattering measurements of disorder produced by polyatomic implantation.
AGEs/RAGE-Related Neurodegeneration: daf-16 as a Mediator, Insulin as an Ameliorant, and C. elegans as an Expedient Research Model

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are nonenzymatically glycated proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These compounds both originate exogenously and are formed endogenously, and they are associated, along with one of their receptors (RAGE), with a variety of pathologies and neurodegeneration. Some of their deleterious effects include affecting insulin signaling and FOXO-related pathways in both receptor-dependent and -independent manners. A potential ameliorating agent for these effects is insulin, which is being studied in several in vivo and in vitro models; one of these models is C. elegans, whose maintenance, genetic malleability, and well-described longevity-related pathways make it an optimal complementary model for assessing these objectives. In the realm of neuroscience, this model is currently being used only for general assessment of neurodegeneration and shortened lifespan. We suggest that characterization of (a) the effects of AGEs/RAGE on specific neurotransmitter systems, (b) the role of...
Benchmarking parallel eigen decomposition for residuals analysis of very large graphs

Graph analysis is used in many domains, from the social sciences to physics and engineering. The computational driver for one important class of graph analysis algorithms is the computation of leading eigenvectors of matrix representations of a graph. This paper explores the computational implications of performing an eigen decomposition of a directed graph's symmetrized modularity matrix using commodity cluster hardware and freely available eigensolver software, for graphs with 1 million to 1 billion vertices, and 8 million to 8 billion edges. Working with graphs of these sizes, parallel eigensolvers are of particular interest. Our results suggest that graph analysis approaches based on eigen space analysis of graph residuals are feasible even for graphs of these sizes.
Relationship of Stem Cell Transplant and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Multiple Myeloma: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Clinical observations within our tertiary care setting suggested that atrial arrhythmia is common following hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (SCT). Yet little is known with regard to the incidence of such arrhythmia and factors contributing to its development. We assessed the frequency of first atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/flutter) development in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who underwent SCT at the Mayo Clinic over a 4 year period. Method: Using a case-control design, we compared 395 consecutive patients who underwent SCT at the Mayo Clinic during the period 2002–2005 to control subjects who did not have SCT (2:1 matched by age, gender, and date of MM diagnosis) in terms of the baseline risk factors and the frequency of new AF/flutter after MM diagnosis. Patients who had a prior history or evidence of atrial arrhythmia were excluded from analyses. Factors predictive of atrial arrhythmia in the cases were also determined. Results: First AF/Flutter developed in 38 of 395 cases (mean age 58 ± 9 years) and 47 of 790 controls subjects within 5 years of MM diagnosis (P=0.002). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of the risk of AF/flutter were 17% and 8% for cases and controls, respectively. Amongst the cases who developed new AF/flutter, the onset of the arrhythmia was within 21 days of SCT for the majority (94%). In multivariable analysis, body weight change of ≥3% in the first week post-transplant (HR 2.86; CI 1.13–7.24; P=0.026) and presence of diastolic dysfunction (HR 1.79; CI 0.99–3.23; p=0.054) at MM diagnosis were independent predictors of first AF/flutter in the cases, adjusting for age, sex, and well established clinical risk factors. Conclusion: The risk for new AF/flutter was remarkably high in the early post- SCT period in MM patients. In addition to established risk factors for atrial arrhythmia, a weight change ≥3% during the first 7 days after SCT, and the presence of diastolic dysfunction at baseline, were independent novel risk factors for new AF/flutter. These findings warrant further investigation, as modification of fluid management and diastolic filling may potentially lower the risk of post-SCT atrial arrhythmia.
Intraneural hemorrhage in traumatic oculomotor nerve palsy

Isolated traumatic oculomotor nerve palsy without internal ophthalmoplegia is a rare condition after closed head trauma. The nerve strain leads to intraneural edema with nerve swelling on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and traumatic disruption of the blood peripheral nerve barrier with contrast enhancement on T1-weighted MR images. In this patient, susceptibility-weighted MR imaging allowed the direct visualization of the intraneural hemorrhage after suspected traumatic diffuse neuronal axonal injury.
What Do We Know about Opioids and the Kidney

Evidence suggests a link between opioid use and kidney disease. This review summarizes the known renal manifestations of opioid use including its role in acute and chronic kidney injury. Both the direct and indirect effects of the drug, and the context which leads to the development of renal failure, are explored. While commonly used safely for pain control and anesthesia in those with kidney disease, the concerns with respect to side effects and toxicity of opioids are addressed. This is especially relevant with the worldwide increase in the use of opioids for medical and recreational use.
Who’s uncivil to who? Perceptions of incivility in pre-licensure nursing programs

The purpose of this study was to determine if there were differences in the perceptions of uncivil behaviors among nursing students and faculty according to pre-licensure nursing program types, and if there were any relationships in reported uncivil behaviors to the variables of age, gender, ethnic/racial background, and parental level of education. The sample was a convenience sample of 159 pre-licensure senior nursing students and 14 nursing faculty from four schools of nursing in the northeastern United States: two Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programs, one Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) program, and one hospital-based diploma nursing program. The nursing students and nursing faculty were administered a mixed method, validated survey instrument, the Incivility in Nursing Education (INE) Survey (Clark et al., 2009). The results of the survey identified similarities and differences between the BSN, ADN, and diploma nursing programs for both the perceptions and experiences of uncivil behaviors, however no significant differences were found between the demographic variables and the occurrence of uncivil behaviors.
The effects of leader illegitimacy on leaders' and subordinates' responses to relinquishing power decisions

This research examined how leader illegitimacy affects leaders’ and subordinates’ responses to relinquishing power decisions. The processes underlying responses to leader illegitimacy and relinquishing power were also examined. Across four studies, participants were placed in leader roles (Studies 1a/1b) or subordinate roles (Studies 2a/2b) in an online competition. In Studies 1a/1b, participants assigned a leadership role learned, via a leadership skills test, that their leadership was illegitimate or legitimate. By contrast, in Studies 2a/2b, participants assigned a subordinate role were confronted with either an illegitimate leader who retained their power after performing poorly or a legitimate leader who received the leader role after a poor-performing leader had relinquished their power. Results demonstrated that leaders, who felt they did not belong in their leadership role, relinquished more power when their leadership was illegitimate (vs. legitimate) and subordinates, who felt less in control and greater anger, supported illegitimate (vs. legitimate) leaders less.
The Political Economy of Bots: Theory and Method in the Study of Social Automation

Automated bots play a massive role in many online environments. The security firm Incapsula estimates that over 55 percent of Internet traffic is created by these automated computer programs. Social bots are iterations of this technology that move beyond scraping the Internet for data and toward active communication with human users. These programs generally function on social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, and Reddit. Political actors—politicians, lobbyists, militaries, and hacktivists—are increasingly using politicized social bots (or “political bots”), in attempts to manipulate the opinions of people online. These bots are built to mimic real users and computationally enhance the ability to deploy propaganda. What can the history of bots tell us about the power dynamics that exist between those who build and release social bots and other users active on social networking services? What can traditional political communication theory teach us about social bots? How do new forms of agency in political communication complicate those traditional theories? How might qualitative research methods help researchers to study and understand social bots as a new, and fundamentally technical, political actor? This chapter analyzes a diverse range of literature in order to explore and address these questions. The aim is to (1) identify how uses of social bot technology interact with ideas related to communication, power, and structures of agency and (2) explain how qualitative methods and historical context can help us to understand the phenomenon of the political bot.
"Recognize Our Humanity": Immigrant Youth Voices on Health Care in Arizona's Restrictive Political Environment.

The “DACAmented Voices in Healthcare” project examined the intersection of restrictive immigration policies and health care via photovoice, a participatory action research approach, with immigrant youth living in Arizona, who were recipients of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. These “DACAmented” youth took part in nine photovoice sessions exploring their health care experiences and accessibility to care using documentary photography and narratives. They poignantly illustrated their experiences through images identifying their main health concerns and strengths, facilitating the development of health policy recommendations. This article illustrates the thematic findings and discusses policy recommendations and lessons learned from presentations to policy makers and health care providers. Findings suggest that immigrant youth are knowledgeable of their family’s health care needs and hold a unique and important position within mixed-status households. Health care providers can benef...
The Virtues and Challenges of Multidimensional Analyses of Whole Brains During Aging With Single Cell Resolution

Abstract The aging of brains is an inexorable process marked by a decrease in the overall cognitive performance of individuals and an increased likelihood of neurodegenerative diseases. Whole genome analyses suggest that this process is associated with changes in gene expression that may be of great significance to understand aging phenotypes. However, these analyses average gene expression levels of complex and heterogeneous cell populations subjected to unknown rates of cell death. Thus, it is not clear whether the variation of these averages reflects changes in transcriptional regulation, cell death, or a combination of both variables. Invertebrate models with their small brains, and in particular Drosophila with its arsenal of tools, offer unique advantages to analyze whole brains with single cell resolution to better understand the progression of aging and its phenotypes. Here we discuss the transformative potential of single cell resolution methods to investigate aging of brains and the challenges of this approach.
Environmental indicators and governance

In recent decades, the use of environmental indicators has become ubiquitous across the public, policy, and scientific spheres. Indicators provide information to guide decisions about environmental changes and leverage political power. In line with this special issue, I engage with how indicators are information dissemination interventions. I demonstrate that the reliance of indicators as key metrics for environmental governance should be treated with caution given that indicators are derived from a process of commensuration. This paper reviews some of the assumptions made in the development of indicators, and describes their use and efficacy in environmental governance. In doing so, I argue that there needs to be more careful attention to how environmental indicators are derived and deployed in place-based settings.
A Case Study Seeking Indicators of Coherence in a PETE Program

v LIST OF TABLES x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 PROGRAM COHERENCE 2 LIMITED WORK ON PETE, TEACHER EDUCATION, AND TEACHER EDUCATORS 3 WE CAN BETTER PREPARE TEACHERS 6 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 7 ASSUMPTIONS 8 LIMITATIONS 9 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 11 TEACHER EDUCATORS 11 TEACHER PREPARATION PROGRAMS 16 A CLOSER LOOK IN PETE 22 COHERENCE/SHARED BELIEFS 27 DEFINING COHERENCE 28
Catabolism of tissue-type plasminogen activator by the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. Modulation by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.

Abstract Catalytic activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in plasma is regulated in part by formation of complexes with specific inhibitors as well as by hepatic clearance. Potential interaction of these two regulatory mechanisms was examined in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. These cells secrete plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and initiate catabolism of exogenous t-PA by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Specific binding of 125I-t-PA to cells at 4 degrees C results in dose-dependent formation of a 95-kDa species recognized by monospecific anti-PAI-1 and anti-t-PA antibodies and stable in the presence of low (0.2%) concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Specific binding of 125I-t-PA and formation of the 95-kDa SDS-stable species are inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner following preincubation of cells with anti-PAI-1 antibodies. High and low molecular weight forms of urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) capable of forming specific complexes with PAI-1 complete for 125I-t-PA binding sites. However, the proenzyme form of u-PA (scu-PA), incapable of forming complexes with PAI-1, does not compete for 125I-t-PA binding sites. The role of the serine protease active site of t-PA in mediating both interaction with PAI-1 and specific binding was examined using 125I-t-PA that had been functionally inactivated with D-phenylalanyl-L-propyl-L-arginyl-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK). 125I-t-PA-PPACK, despite a 6-fold lower affinity than active 125I-t-PA, exhibited specific binding to cells without detectable formation of SDS-stable complexes with PAI-1. Both surface-bound 125I-t-PA and 125I-t-PA-PPACK are internalized and degraded by cells at 37 degrees C. 125I-t-PA is internalized as a stable complex with PAI-1, whereas 125I-t-PA-PPACK is internalized with similar kinetics but without the presence of an SDS-stable complex. Thus, PAI-1 appears capable of modulating t-PA catabolism in the human hepatocyte.
Family and neighborhood socioeconomic status and temperament development from childhood to adolescence

OBJECTIVE Children differ in their temperament and these differences predict consequential outcomes, including mental health, peer relations, substance use, academic performance, and adult personality. Additionally, children's temperament develops over time in response to environmental factors, such as the socioeconomic status (SES) of their family and the neighborhood in which they are raised. However, there has been lack on research on the relation between neighborhood SES and the development of temperament or personality. METHOD Using data from two cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N = 9,217) that followed children from 4 to 15 years old, the present analyses examined whether parent income, parent education, and neighborhood disadvantage were associated with three child temperament traits that are precursors to Five-Factor Model (FFM) adult personality traits. RESULTS Longitudinal hierarchical linear models (HLM) generally found that children with lower neighborhood SES or family SES tended to have lower sociability, higher reactivity, and lower persistence and these associations did not decrease over time. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates that both the neighborhood and the family SES in childhood are important for the development of temperament across childhood and adolescence.
BlackMagic: automatic inlining of scalar UDFs into SQL queries with Froid

Relational DBMSs allow users to extend the standard declarative SQL language surface using User Defined Functions (UDFs) that implement custom behavior. While UDFs offer many advantages, it is well-known amongst practitioners that they can cause severe degradation in query performance. This degradation is due to the fact that state-of-the-art query optimizers treat UDFs as black boxes and do not reason about them during optimization.We demonstrate Froid, a framework for optimizing UDFs by opening up this black box and exposing its underlying operations to the query optimizer. It achieves this by systematically translating the entire body of an imperative multi-statement UDF into a single relational algebraic expression. Thereby, any query invoking this UDF is transformed into a query with a nested sub-query that is semantically equivalent to the UDF. We then leverage existing sub-query optimization techniques and thereby get efficient, set-oriented, parallel query plans as opposed to inefficient, iterative, serial execution of UDFs.We demonstrate the benefits of Froid including performance gains of up to multiple orders of magnitude on real workloads. Froid is available as a feature of Microsoft SQL Server 2019 called 'Scalar UDF Inlining'.
Mild Coarctation of Aorta is an Independent Risk Factor for Exercise-Induced Hypertension.

Exercise-induced hypertension is a predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with coarctation of aorta (COA). However, it is unclear whether mild COA diagnosis is an independent risk factor of...
Mitchell v. Wisconsin on Blood Alcohol Tests Under the Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment protects individuals against unreasonable searches by the state without a warrant. The Court has long struggled with questions of what constitutes a search and under what circumstances the acquisition of a warrant by police is an unreasonable hurdle to legitimate safety concerns of the public. Mitchell asks these questions in the context of drawing a blood alcohol test from an unconscious driver. One side argues that drivers have provided implied consent when signing up for a license in order to protect the entire public from harm, while the other side argues that such a personal bodily invasion is not allowed under the Fourth Amendment.
Assessing Genomic Copy Number Alterations as Best Practice for Renal Cell Neoplasia: An Evidence-Based Review from the Cancer Genomics Consortium Workgroup.

Abstract Renal cell neoplasia are heterogeneous with diverse histology, genetic alterations, and clinical behavior that are diagnosed mostly on morphologic features. The Renal Cell Neoplasia Workgroup of the Cancer Genomics Consortium systematically evaluated peer-reviewed literature on genomic studies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including clear cell RCC, papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and the translocation RCC involving TFE3, TFEB and MITF rearrangements, as well as benign oncocytoma, which together comprise about 95% of all renal cell neoplasia. The Workgroup curated recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs), copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (cnLOH), rearrangements, and mutations, found in each subtype and assigned clinical relevance according to established criteria. In clear cell RCC, loss of 3p has a disease-initiating role and most likely also in progression with mutations detected in VHL and other genes mapped to this arm, and loss of 9p and/or 14q has well-substantiated prognostic utility. Gain of chromosomes 7 and 17 are hallmark CNAs of papillary RCC, but patterns of other CNAs as detected by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) afford sub-classification into Type 1 and 2 with prognostic value, and for further sub-stratification of Type 2. Inherent chromosome loss in chromophobe RCC as detected by CMA is useful for distinguishing the eosinophilic variant from benign oncocytoma which in contrast exhibits few CNAs or rearranged CCND1, but share mitochondrial DNA mutations. In morphologically atypical RCCs, rearrangement of TFE3 and TFEB should be considered in the differential diagnosis, portending an aggressive RCC subtype. Overall, this evidence-based review provides a validated role for assessment of CNAs in renal cell neoplasia in the clinical setting to assist in renal cell neoplasm diagnosis and sub-classification within subtypes that is integral to the management of patients, from small incidentally found renal masses to larger surgically resected specimens, and simultaneously identify the presence of key alterations portending outcome in malignant RCC subtypes.
Chapter 9 – Unix and Linux Security

There are many objectives and goals to be considered when securing a operating system. When configuring Unix operating system security, consider the critical principles of security known as the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) triad. In addition to incorporating security controls that relate to the CIA triad, three other security features directly affect CIA and aid the overall site security program: access control, auditing, and backups. Although this chapter covers general Unix considerations, it also addresses several Linux specific items. This chapter is for all Linux variants: file names, directory paths, variable names, and so on, may also have to be taken into consideration. There are numerous versions of Linux, and it would be beyond the scope of this chapter to try to detail them all. All requirements listed within this chapter will pertain to all versions of Linux unless explicitly noted otherwise.
Policies on Consensual Sexual Activity in State Prisons

During times of imprisonment, inmates have limited opportunities to relieve sexual urges. Nearly all sexual behaviors (e.g., coerced, consensual, masturbation) are restricted or outright banned in ...
Patterns of Primary Care Use Among Young Adult Refugees Resettled in Colorado.

Little is known about the prevalence of young adult refugees’ primary care use following resettlement in Colorado. Among a sample of Bhutanese and Burmese young adult refugees resettled in Colorado, proportions with a primary care provider (PCP), physical exam in the last 12 months, and knowledge to make an appointment were calculated across 4 years and compared within the refugee population by demographics using Pearson’s Chi-Squared tests and compared to older refugees and to the general population using two-tailed tests of proportions. Greater than 70% of young adult refugees reported a physical exam in the last 12 months during the 4 years after arrival. Disparities were identified within young adult refugees by sex, marital status and country of origin. Young adult refugees were significantly different than both refugees over 55 and the general population in terms of their primary care use. Young adult refugees need support to identify PCPs earlier in resettlement and maintain primary care use years after resettlement.
A global database of marine isotope substage 5a and 5c marine terraces and paleoshoreline indicators

Abstract. In this review we compile and document the elevation, indicative meaning, and chronology of marine isotope substage 5a and 5c sea level indicators for 39 sites within three geographic regions: the North American Pacific coast, the North American Atlantic coast and the Caribbean, and the remaining globe. These relative sea level indicators, comprised of geomorphic indicators such as marine and coral reef terraces, eolianites, and sedimentary marine- and terrestrial-limiting facies, facilitate future investigation into marine isotope substage 5a and 5c interstadial paleo-sea level reconstruction, glacial isostatic adjustment, and Quaternary tectonic deformation. The open-access database, presented in the format of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5021306 (Thompson and Creveling, 2021).
Pressure Induced Assembly and Coalescence of Lead Chalcogenide Nanocrystals

We report here pressure induced nanocrystal coalescence of ordered lead chalcogenide nanocrystal arrays into one-dimensional (1D) and 2D nanostructures. In particular, atomic crystal phase transitions and mesoscale coalescence of PbS and PbSe nanocrystals have been observed and monitored in situ respectively by wide- and small-angle synchrotron X-ray scattering techniques. At the atomic scale, both nanocrystals underwent reversible structural transformations from cubic to orthorhombic at significantly higher pressures than those for the corresponding bulk materials. At the mesoscale, PbS nanocrystal arrays displayed a superlattice transformation from face-centered cubic to lamellar structures, while no clear mesoscale lattice transformation was observed for PbSe nanocrystal arrays. Intriguingly, transmission electron microscopy showed that the applied pressure forced both spherical nanocrystals to coalesce into single crystalline 2D nanosheets and 1D nanorods. Our results confirm that pressure can be used as a straightforward approach to manipulate the interparticle spacing and engineer nanostructures with specific morphologies and, therefore, provide insights into the design and functioning of new semiconductor nanocrystal structures under high-pressure conditions.
Umbilical cord miRNAs to predict neonatal early onset sepsis.

Objective To determine if miRNA (miR) expression in umbilical cord blood and umbilical cord tissue differs between neonates with early onset sepsis (EOS) versus neonates without true infection. Methods Retrospective case-control study design of human patients with EOS (n = 8), presumed sepsis (N = 12) and non-infected control patients (N = 21). Differential expression of >300 miRs was examined using the MIHS-3001ZE-miScript miRNA PCR Array Human miFinder 384HC. Expression levels of miRs were normalized using the global Ct mean of expressed miR and compared between groups. Data analysis was performed using GeneGlobe data analysis software. Ratios of over and under-expressed miRs were calculated and compared between groups using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Both umbilical cord plasma and umbilical cord tissue revealed several miRs with differential expression with little overlap between the two specimen types. The most overexpressed miR in plasma of EOS patients was miR-211-5p and the most overexpressed in EOS cord tissue was miR-223-5p. ROC curves comparing the ratios of over and under-expressed miRs for EOS patients and controls resulted in an area under the curve of 0.787 for cord plasma (miR-211-5p/miR-142-3p) and 0.988 for umbilical cord tissue (miR-223-5p/miR-22-3p), indicating good discrimination. Conclusions miRs show differential expression in EOS versus non-infected controls and presumed sepsis. A ratio of over and under-expressed miRs can provide a potentially sensitive and specific diagnostic test for EOS.
Correlations of Radiographic and Endoscopic Observations in Subglottic Stenosis

Objective(s):Subglottic stenosis (SGS) represents a constellation of diverse pathologic processes that ultimately lead to narrowing of the subglottic region and can produce significant morbidity. E...
Objective Behavioral Tests of Temperament in Nonhuman Primates

Objective behavioral tests can be useful tools in studies of the causes and consequences of individual differences in the temperament of nonhuman primates. This chapter begins by presenting guidelines for designing effective behavioral tests to produce valid and reliable measures of trait-like individual differences. It follows with a review of several well-characterized procedures for measuring individual differences in nonhuman primates on dimensions of neonatal temperament, anxiety, novelty seeking and impulsivity. Key points that emerge from this review include the value of establishing the test–retest reliability of traits, the importance of context for interpreting behavioral results, and the need for greater attention to specifying and validating the connection between the behavioral measures and the temperament constructs of interest. Attention to these features will enhance our ability to identify genetic, physiological and environmental causes of individual differences in temperament, and the influence of temperament on outcomes of interest in biology, psychology and psychiatry.
Transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated connective tissue growth factor expression during corneal myofibroblast differentiation.

PURPOSE Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta) stimulates the differentiation of myofibroblasts as indicated by the nascent expression of alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin protein and its organization into stress fibers. Downstream messengers of TGF-beta in the conversion from the fibroblast to the myofibroblast phenotype were investigated. Whether TGF-beta increases the transcription of a second growth factor, connective tissue growth factor 1 (CTGF), which could mediate myofibroblast differentiation, was evaluated. CTGF, a newly identified growth factor, is highly expressed in dermal granulation tissue. METHODS In this study, primary cultures of rabbit corneal fibroblasts were exposed to growth factors to investigate CTGF mRNA and protein expression during myofibroblast differentiation. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the impact of growth factor treatment on myofibroblast differentiation. RESULTS . TGF-beta treatment induced both CTGF mRNA and protein in rabbit corneal fibroblasts; in contrast, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF) and heparin led to a decrease in CTGF mRNA. Addition of recombinant CTGF to rabbit corneal fibroblast cultures did not significantly increase alpha-SM actin mRNA or protein nor did it appear to affect assembly of alpha-SM actin stress fibers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to present evidence for the induction of CTGF by TGF-beta treatment of corneal fibroblasts. It is doubtful that CTGF is the TGF-beta mediator of the corneal fibroblast to myofibroblast transition because CTGF does not induce alpha-SM actin in subconfluent fibroblast cultures. CTGF may play a supporting role in myofibroblast differentiation.
Toward a Fairer Model of Consumer Assent to Standard Form Contracts: In Defense of Restatement Section 211(3)

Standard-form contracts permeate our very existence, and now even include contracts we assent to online by way of “clickwrap” and “browsewrap” methods. Notwithstanding the ever-increasing presence and complexity of such standard-form contracts, both offline and online, the law of contracts in this area has remained fairly static since the 18th century and before. The only meaningful salve to this problem thus far has been the unconscionability doctrine, but that doctrine tends to be reserved for the harshest and severest terms. Therefore, a new tool is needed for courts to protect consumers’ interests in this area. Section 211(3) of the Restatement provides such a tool. Section 211(3) provides: “[w]here the [merchant] has reason to believe that the [consumer] would not [assent] if he knew that the writing contained a particular term, the term is not part of the agreement.” This rule has thus far been largely rejected and marginalized by the courts and the commentators because of the traditional duty to read, but in fact the rule is quite sensible. It is squarely grounded in the objective theory of contracts, which provides that a party’s manifestations of assent are taken to mean what a reasonable party would think they mean. Not only is the rule grounded in objective theory, but it also advances contract law by taking into account recent research into the cognitive limitations of human decisionmaking. Businesses should not be allowed to unfairly exploit consumers’ limitations by inserting grossly unfair terms into their contracts. Though the unconscionability doctrine is an important fail-safe, section 211(3) is an important innovation which is needed to help resolve the standard-form contract dissonance which otherwise exists between the fictional duty to read on the one hand, and the reality of cognitive limitations and the objective theory of contracts on the other hand.
Poetry and Emotion

Lyric poetry takes subjective consciousness as a condition of its content, certainly since romanticism, but arguably back to the origins of modernity. In this way, it has served the purposes of a formalist aesthetic in which poetic speech instantiates subjectivity in that larger Hegelian sense of the “ideal becoming the real.” However, this intrinsic conception of lyric presents some obvious difficulties for psychoanalytic interpretation. Pointing to defenses, resistances, and discursive distortions, psychoanalysis exacerbates disparities in the relation of speech and content. It seeks to discover motivations based on unconscious ideas, emotions, and impulses, even if it grants the difficulties of distinguishing various kinds of unconscious articulations. This emphasis on contradictory motivations contrasts with perhaps the most salient generic expectation of lyric: a subjective wholeness in which a speaker reflects on an experience and transforms that reflection into insight, into self-understanding — transforms it, that is, into a lyric “subject.” Put in another way, the pathos of self-presence, of self-understanding, of the subject-who-knowsherself, is central to our generic understanding of lyric, even if that presence is only implicit in the authorial judgment of an objectified speaker of intractable unreliability, as in the dramatic monologue. Hence, vigorously symptomatic readings seem to outrun the subjective closure that formal closure enforces in the lyric. As a result, even though lyric poems present in richly impacted form the deflections and delusions that are the hermeneutic plunder of psychoanalytic interpretation, the interpretation of lyric has lagged behind the kinds of readings suggested by the post-structuralist narrative of fragmentation with which psychoanalysis is so obviously consonant, especially Lacanian psychoanalysis, with its myriad versions of the letter in sufferance.
The Nature and Determination of Non‐Living Sedimentary Organic Matter as a Food Source for Deposit Feeders

Several lines of evidence imply that deposit feeders can and do use non-living food resources in marine sediments. Indeed, non-living food may comprise the bulk of the food for many species. The ability to use such food is indicated by feeding experiments which have shown ingestion selectivity by deposit feeders for protein-coated beads (Taghon 1982; Taghon and Jumars 1984) and demonstrated an ability to absorb non-living organic matter (Lopez et al., this volume). Tenore and coworkers (e.g. Tenore 1983) have also demonstrated the ability of polychaetes to utilize non-living detrital material. The actual use of non-living material in situ has been implied primarily via budgetary calculations (e.g. Canunen 1980; Rice et al. 1986), which show that the required assimilation efficiency of sedimentary organic matter indicates a bioavailable organic pool larger than can be provided by the living component.
Demonstration of an endo-glycosidase acting on a glycoprotein.

Abstract Enzyme preparations from the culture fluid of Diplococcus pneumoniae released a radioactive oligosaccharide containing mannose and glucosamine from radiolabeled mouse myeloma γ-globulin and from its glycopeptide. Glucosaminitol was recovered from the released oligosaccharide after NaBH4 reduction and acid hydrolysis.