cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic features in 10 naturally occurring cases of acute fatal canine leptospirosis

The current report describes the diagnostic features in 10 cases of acute fatal canine leptospirosis with minimal renal and hepatic changes that may present a diagnostic challenge for the pathologist. Most affected dogs were less than 6 months of age and had a biochemical profile consistent with hepatorenal dysfunction. Clinical signs consisted of vomiting, depression, icterus, dehydration, diarrhea, and anorexia. All dogs died or were humanely euthanized within 3-7 days after the onset of clinical disease. Necropsy findings included pulmonary edema with hemorrhages, icterus, renal and hepatic pallor and swelling, and gastric edema with hemorrhage. Despite severe azotemia, histological changes in the kidneys were subtle in all dogs, and included mild renal tubular simplification, with single-cell necrosis and attenuation, along with minimal interstitial lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, edema, and hemorrhage. Hepatic lesions included scattered hepatocellular single-cell necrosis and hepatocellular dissociation. Prominent extrarenal lesions typically associated with uremia including vascular fibrinoid necrosis in multiple organs, pulmonary mineralization with occasional fibrinosuppurative exudation, and gastric mineralization were also present. Postmortem diagnostic confirmation was based on the detection of leptospiral antigen on fresh renal samples by fluorescent antibody test and on the demonstration of intact spirochetes in sections of kidneys using immunohistochemical staining. Acute fatal canine leptospirosis occurred as a fulminant hepatorenal disease affecting mainly young dogs, and the diagnosis was dependent on the recognition of the subtle renal changes with confirmation via fluorescent antibody testing or immunohistochemical staining.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FIFTH METATARSAL FRACTURES

On the basis of the authors' results in treating avulsion fractures of the tuberosity, immobilization in a short leg weightbearing cast for 4 weeks is the preferred treatment. If still symptomatic at 4 weeks, some patients may require further immobilization for an additional 1 to 3 weeks. Rarely do these patients require surgery. In patients with these types of fractures, no angulation or displacement deformity was seen on x-rays, so open reduction was not warranted. Although the study does not strongly support the view that delayed healing of Jones fractures is associated with weightbearing cast treatment, the authors still tend to recommend treatment with a short leg nonweightbearing plaster cast for 6 weeks. Patients may not tolerate such treatment for this amount of time. To encourage better patient compliance, a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks in a nonweightbearing cast followed by 3 weeks in a weightbearing cast is recommended. Although open reduction was indicated in a few cases, all patients with Jones fractures, aged 20, 22, 24, 24, and 27 years, declined that option. Specifically, one patient had a delayed union of the Jones-type fracture (Fig. 4). In spite of being young and athletic, and thus at high risk for refracture, he decided against open reduction internal fixation and opted for prolonged casting.
Pannexin 1 is required for full activation of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes

Objective Defective glucose uptake in adipocytes leads to impaired metabolic homeostasis and insulin resistance, hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Extracellular ATP-derived nucleotides and nucleosides are important regulators of adipocyte function, but the pathway for controlled ATP release from adipocytes is unknown. Here, we investigated whether Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels control ATP release from adipocytes and contribute to metabolic homeostasis.
The Role of One- and Two-Electron Transfer Reactions in Forming Thermodynamically Unstable Intermediates as Barriers in Multi-Electron Redox Reactions

In the aquatic geochemical literature, a redox half-reaction is normally written for a multi-electron process (n > 2); e.g., sulfide oxidation to sulfate. When coupling two multi-electron half-reactions, thermodynamic calculations indicate possible reactivity, and the coupled half-reactions are considered favorable even when there is a known barrier to reactivity. Thermodynamic calculations should be done for one or two-electron transfer steps and then compared with known reactivity to determine the rate controlling step in a reaction pathway. Here, thermodynamic calculations are presented for selected reactions for compounds of C, O, N, S, Fe, Mn and Cu. Calculations predict reactivity barriers and agree with one previous analysis showing the first step in reducing O2 to O2− with Fe2+ and Mn2+ is rate limiting. Similar problems occur for the first electron transfer step in these metals reducing NO3−, but if reactive oxygen species form or if two-electron transfer steps with O atom transfer occur, reactivity becomes favorable. H2S and NH4+ oxidation in a one-electron transfer step by O2 is also not favorable unless activation of oxygen can occur. H2S oxidation by Cu2+, Fe(III) and Mn(III, IV) phases in two-electron transfer steps is favorable but not in one-electron steps indicating that (nano)particles with bands of orbitals are needed to accept two electrons from H2S. NH4+ oxidation by Fe(III) and Mn(III, IV) phases is generally not favorable for both one- and two-electron transfer steps, but their reaction with hydroxylamine and hydrazine to form N2O and N2, respectively, is favorable. The anammox reaction using hydroxylamine via nitrite reduction is the most favorable for NH4+ oxidation. Other chemical processes including photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are considered for these element–element transformations.
The Politics of Home: Dual Citizenship and the African Diaspora

In recent decades, more countries have started to recognize dual citizenship. Although overlooked in the literature, Africa is part of this trend with more than half of its governments now permitting their nationals to naturalize elsewhere while retaining home country rights. Why have some African countries embraced dual citizenship for emigrants, while others have not? We examine demographic, political, and economic data broadly across the continent and identify few clear patterns. We then explore the cases of Senegal, Ghana, and Kenya, finding that dual citizenship policies are driven as much by politics as they are by economic or security concerns.
Fracture toughness characterization of materials under multiaxial loading

The novel concept of generalized fracture toughness characterization of brittle materials subjected to multiaxial loadings is presented. The theory emphasizes the fracture process as the result of the opening action of the crack surfaces. The generalized fracture toughness values describing the failure events due to combined loading systems lie on a Fracture Envelope characteristic for a given material. The Cartesian equation of the Envelope in the K 1 K 2plane is specified by the conventional fracture toughness K 1cand Poisson's ratio ν. A Griffith-type fracture criterion permits the prediction of crack propagation onset and crack growth direction.
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: clinical and kidney biopsy correlations.

Background. Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common glomerular disease in adults and ranks among the top causes of a primary glomerular disease causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Primary FSGS is, however, a diagnosis of exclusion and distinction between primary versus secondary FSGS is not always obvious, resulting in a number of patients with secondary FSGS undergoing unnecessary immunosuppressive therapy. Methods. We reviewed the Mayo Clinic Renal Pathology Database for patients with a diagnosis of FSGS on native renal biopsy and divided the patients into nephrotic syndrome-associated (NSassociated) and non-nephrotic syndrome-associated (NNS-associated) FSGS as a first approximation followed by dividing the lesion according to the degree of foot process effacement (FPE) on electron microscopy (EM) examination. Results. A total of 41 patients with FSGS with complete evaluation were identified. Of these, 18 were classified as having NS and 23 were classified as having NNS. Baseline characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, serum creatinine and hematuria) were not different between the groups. All of the patients with NS showed diffuse FPE ranging from 80 to 100% (mean 96%). On the other hand, of the 23 patients in the NNS group, 22 had segmental FPE and showed patchy effacement, with all cases showing 20–60% FPE (mean of 48%). Conclusion. Adult patients presenting with NS, an FSGS lesion on LM, extensive FPE (≥80%) on EM examination and no risk factors associated with secondary FSGS are likely to have primary FSGS. Conversely, the absence of NS in a patient with segmental FPE on EM stronglysuggests a secondary FSGS. Dividing FSGS into the presence or absence of NS together with the degree of FPE on EM examination is more helpful as it provides a more practical way to separate patients into cases of primary versus secondary FSGS.
High-pressure heat capacity of chromiumnear the néel line*

Abstract An a.c. calorimetric technique has been developed for high-pressure work and used for the study of chromium near its Neel transition line. Heat capacity data were obtained as a function of pressure along four isotherms. At 37·51 and 34·95°C the Cp values showed lambda-like singularities at 490 and 890 bar, respectively. At 32·60°C there was a finite cusp in Cp at a transition pressure of 1060 bar. At 27·75°C there was, surprisingly, no indication of any heat capacity anomaly at an expected transition pressure of ∼2900 bar.
Segmentation of handprinted letter strings using a dynamic programming algorithm

Segmentation of handwritten input into individual characters is a crucial step in many connected handwriting recognition systems. This paper describes a segmentation algorithm for letters in Roman alphabets, curved pre-stroke cut (CPSC) segmentation. The CPSC algorithm evaluates a large set of curved cuts through the image of the input string using dynamic programming and selects a small "optimal" subset of cuts for segmentation. It usually generates pixel accurate segmentations, indistinguishable from characters written in isolation. At four times oversegmentation, segmentation points are missed with an undetectable frequency on real-world databases. The CPSC algorithm has been used as part of a high-performance handwriting recognition system.
Assessment of factors that influence pharmacy residency applicant selection of a specific postgraduate year one (PGY1) program

Abstract Background There is limited recent evidence evaluating factors that influence pharmacy residency applicant selection of a specific PGY1 program. Numerous PGY1 residency programs remain unmatched and although it is now easier to obtain a candidate, programs still aim to attract the best candidates and therefore are interested in the candidates’ desires and needs. Objectives The objective of this study is to assess factors that influence residency applicant selection of a specific PGY1 pharmacy program. Methods This is a prospective, survey-based study in which pharmacy students in their last professional year, current PGY1 pharmacy residents, and unmatched PGY1 candidates were evaluated. Electronic surveys were utilized and contained questions about basic respondent demographic information and about the rating and ranking of factors in relation to their influence in the decision-making process. Results A total of 386 pharmacy students, 411 current PGY1 residents, and 303 unmatched PGY1 candidate responses were analyzed. The majority of respondents in all three groups were females in their mid-twenties. Factors that received the highest mean importance scores within each group were positive interactions with the program, current resident satisfaction, scope of patient care services provided, ASHP accreditation status, and geographic location. The factor that received the lowest mean importance score within each respondent group was the availability of off-site rotations. Conclusion Residency programs, particularly new and unmatched programs, should consider strategies to promote positive interactions, improve current resident satisfaction and program reputation, as well as focus on improving the scope of on-site clinical services.
Experimental observation of solute segregation in longitudinal CoPtCr/Cr magnetic thin films

The gain boundary structure and elemental segregation in longitudinal Co/sub 75/Pt/sub 12/Cr/sub 13//Cr magnetic thin film media were investigated by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and nanoprobe X-ray chemical analysis. The study provides experimental evidence for the segregation of Cr and possibly Pt along the high-angle grain boundaries of Co-alloy grains. The maximum extents of Cr and Pt segregation are reported in terms of Cr/Co peak ratios measured at four grain interior locations and five grain boundary locations. The average Cr/Co peak ratios were 1.35+or-0.64 for the grain boundary and 0.51+or-0.16 for the grain interior. The average Pt/Co peak ratios were 1.10+or-0.22 for the grain boundary and 0.95+or-0.14 for the grain interior. As the extended excitation region and the electron beam broadening during transmission are larger than the boundary width, the actual segregation will be even higher than the values shown here. >
Workplace substance use climate: prevalence and distribution in the U.S. workforce

This study explored the prevalence and distribution of employee exposure to three dimensions of workplace substance use climate – availability, descriptive norms and injunctive norms. Data were collected from a national probability sample of 2148 U.S. wage and salary workers (957 men; 1191 women) using a random digit dialled telephone survey. Approximately 63.09% of the workforce reported that they could easily bring alcohol into work, use alcohol while working, use alcohol during lunch and other breaks, or obtain alcohol at work. Similarly, 59.05% of the workforce reported that they could easily engage in the same behaviours regarding illicit drugs. During the preceding 12 months, 23.00% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who used or was impaired by alcohol during the workday and 12.65% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who used or was impaired by an illicit drug during the workday. Approximately, 7.03% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who approved of alcohol use or impairment during the workday and 3.55% of the workforce reported exposure to a co-worker who approved of using or being impaired by illicit drugs during the workday. The distribution of exposure to a permissive workplace substance use climate differed by gender, age, occupation and work shift.
Long-Term Expression of Proenkephalin and Prodynorphin in the Rat Brain after Systemic Administration of Kainic Acid — an in Situ Hybridization Study

Kainic acid (KA) is a glutamate analog that binds to and activates ionotropic glutamate receptors. Administration of KA causes robust and recurrent seizures in the rat, and produces permanent damage in the CNS, specifically in the limbic system. Systemic injection of kainate results in both short-term and long-term effects on the rat central nervous system (CNS). The excitatory neuronal stimulation by kainate increases the expression of a variety of genes including immediate-early genes, growth factors, and opioid peptides. The short-term effects of kainate in the rat brain have been well characterized1–6. However, the long-term effects of kainate, especially on the opioid peptides, have not been reported.
Cumulative Response to Sequences of Terror Attacks Varying in Frequency and Trajectory

There is a paucity of research examining public response to the cumulative effects of multiple related extreme events over time. We investigated the separate and combined effects of frequency and trajectory of terrorist attacks. A scenario simulation of a series of gas station bombings in Southern California was developed to evaluate respondents' affect, risk perception, and intended avoidance behavior using a 3 (frequency; low vs. medium vs. high) by 3 (trajectory; increasing vs. constant vs. decreasing) factorial design. For each of the nine conditions, three videos were created to simulate news broadcasts documenting the attacks over a three-week period. A total of 275 respondents were included in the analysis. Results from analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) indicate that trajectory of the sequential attacks (increasing or decreasing in frequency) predicts negative affect, risk perception, and avoidance behavior. In contrast, frequency predicts neither negative affect, positive affect, risk perception, nor intended avoidance behavior. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) further indicate that the effect of negative affect on behavioral intention is mediated by risk perception and the effect of trajectory on risk perception is partially mediated by negative affect. In addition, both ANCOVAs and SEM model results suggest that (1) females experience less positive affect and perceive more risk than males, (2) respondents with higher income perceive more risk, and (3) younger respondents are more likely to modify their behavior to avoid the risk of future attacks.
Proof Without Words: Surprising Property of Hyperbolas

(2006). Proof Without Words: Surprising Property of Hyperbolas. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 339-339.
Syria under Vespasian

The history of Syria and Transjordan during the period immediately after the close of the Jewish War is obscure. Yet scattered hints in the sources together with the random evidence of epigraphy and numismatics imply policies and developments of some moment. These may be presumed to have a bearing upon the annexation of Arabia by Trajan. The present investigation emphasizes the land which lies to the east of the great depression which runs from north to south along the River Orontes, the Lebanese Beqa‘, and the River Jordan. When the literary texts are brought into conjunction with the evidence on and from the ground, some progress can be made.Josephus has left us a detailed account of the Jewish War of Vespasian. This emperor's knowledge of the Near East was superior to that of all his predecessors on the throne of the Caesars. Apart from Augustus' and Tiberius' visit in 20 B.C. none had ever seen the Levant. Policy was made at a distance and administered when necessary by persons specially empowered, an Agrippa or a Germanicus.
Ray-Trace Simulation of the Random Ball Test to Improve Interferometric Microlens Metrology

A comprehensive ray-trace simulation of the random ball test was created to allow for further investigation into the relationship between test part curvature, misalignment and interferometer bias during the self-calibration of micro-refractive lens measurements.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with cell culture-attenuated and vaccine strains of Marek's disease virus.

Vaccination is an effective strategy to reduce the loss of chickens in the poultry industry caused by Marek’s Disease (MD), an avian lymphoproliferative disease. The vaccines currently used are from attenuated serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus (MDV) or naturally nononcogenic MDV strains. To prepare for future immunity breaks, functional genomic and proteomic studies have been used to better understand the underlying mechanisms of MDV pathogenicity and the effects induced by the vaccine viruses. In this study, a combined approach of quantitative GeLC–MSE and qualitative ERLIC/IMAC/LC–MS/MS analysis were used to identify abundance changes of proteins and the variations of phosphorylation status resulting from the perturbations due to infection with an attenuated oncogenic virus strain (Md11/75C) and several nononcogenic virus strains (CVI988, FC126 and 301B) in vitro. Using this combined approach, several signal transduction pathways mapped by the identified proteins were found to be altered at both the leve...
Survey of Legionella pneumophila pollution in cooling water and condensate water of centralized air-conditioning system in public places of Changzhou City from 2011-2012

[Objective]To understand the status of Legionella pneumophila pollution in cooling water and condensate water of centralized air-conditioning system in public places of Changzhou City,provide scientific basis for preventing the transmission of Legionella pneumophila in public places.[Methods]The study was conducted according to the detecting methods of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensate water from Appendix A of the Hygienic specifications of centralized air ventilation system in public places( 2006 Edition).[Results]In 2011,41 water samples were detected,and the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensate water was 27. 5% and 41. 6%,respectively. In 2012,65 water samples were detected,and the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water and condensate water was 38. 1% and 34. 8%,respectively. There was no significant difference between two years. 56 water samples from hotel / restaurant were detected,and the positive rate of cooling water and condensate water was 31. 4% and 28. 6% respectively. 50 water samples from shopping mall / supermarket were detected,and the positive rate of cooling water and condensate water was 36. 1% and 50. 0% respectively. The difference between two places was not significant. 71 samples of cooling water and 35 samples of condensate water were detected,and the positive rate was33. 8% and 37. 1% respectively. [Conclusion]The cooling water and condensate water of centralized air-conditioning system in public places in Changzhou City have been polluted by Legionella pneumophila,with high positive rate,and there are some health and safety hazards. The cleaning and disinfection of centralized air-conditioning system should be strengthened.
The Semantic Change of "Guai拐" and the Diachronic Evolution of two Related Semantic-fields

This paper discusses the semantic change of "guai拐" from the original meaning to the meanings of "crutch" and "lame,limp".It also investigates the relationship between "guai" and other members in the two semantic-fields respectively.The author finds that the two kinds of semantic change involve mechanisms of generalization,metaphor,and metonymy.The evolution of "crutch" semantic-field reflects the disyllablization of Chinese.The differences among the members of "lame,limp" semantic-field are attributed to their prototypicality.
Health Service Utilization and Poor Health Reporting in Asthma Patients

The management and treatment of adult asthma has been associated with utilization of health services. Objectives: First, to investigate the likelihood of health service utilization, including primary care, emergency department, and hospital stays, among persons diagnosed with an asthma condition relative to those that do not have an asthma condition. Second, to examine the likelihood of poor physical health among asthma respondents relative to those that do not have an asthma condition. Third, to demonstrate that these relationships vary with frequency of utilization. Fourth, to discuss the magnitude of differences in frequent utilization between asthma and non-asthma respondents. Data Source: Data is derived from a random, stratified sampling of Hampton Roads adults, 18 years and older (n = 1678). Study Design: Study participants are interviewed to identify asthma diagnosis, access to primary care, frequency of emergency department utilization, hospital admissions, and days of poor physical health. Odds-ratios establish relationships with the covariates on the outcome variable. Findings: Those with asthma are found more likely (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05–2.15) to report poor physical health relative to non-asthma study participants. Further, asthma respondents are found more likely (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.56–11.69) to frequently utilize primary care that may be associated with the management of the condition and are also more likely to utilize treatment services, such as the emergency department (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.32–2.65) and hospitalization (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.39–3.50), associated with acute and episodic care. Further, it is a novel finding that these likelihoods increase with frequency of utilization for emergency department visits and hospital stays. Conclusion: Continuity in care and better management of the diseases may result in less demand for emergency department services and hospitalization. Health care systems need to recognize that asthma patients are increasingly more likely to be characterized as frequent utilizers of both primary and emergency department care as the threshold for what constitutes frequent utilization increases. Investments in prevention and better management of the chronic condition may result in less demand for acute care services, especially among high frequency utilizers.
Minimizing the Saponin Content of Alfalfa Sprouts and Leaf Protein Concentrates

Biologically active saponins were found to be concentrated in the white and green alfalfa leaf protein fractions at levels higher than in the original alfalfa. Coagulation and washing of the leaf protein at pH 8.5 resulted in a fourfold decrease in saponin compared to the protein coagulated at pH 6.0 and washed at pH 4.5. The press cakes from high and low saponin alfalfa retained 65 and 87% of the saponin. Protein fractions prepared from a low saponin alfalfa contained saponin levels <0.07%, compared to a saponin level of 1.33% in leaf protein prepared form a high saponin alfalfa. The saponin contents of three varieties of alfalfa sprouts ranged from 1.55 to 7.27% depending upon the maturity of the sprouts. The saponin content rapidly increased after sprouting and reached a maximum after eight days’ growth. Both starch and total sugar decreased with the age of the sprouts while fiber increased from 8 to 18.7%.
Statistical inference with empty strata in judgment post stratified samples

This article develops estimators for certain population characteristics using a judgment post stratified (JPS) sample. The paper first constructs a conditional JPS sample with a reduced set size K by conditioning on the ranks of the measured observations of the original JPS sample of set size $$H \ge K$$ . The paper shows that the estimators of the population mean, median and distribution function based on this conditional JPS sample are consistent and have limiting normal distributions. It is shown that the proposed estimators, unlike the ratio and regression estimators, where they require a strong linearity assumption, only need a monotonic relationship between the response and auxiliary variable. For moderate sample sizes, the paper provides a bootstrap distribution to draw statistical inference. A small-scale simulation study shows that the proposed estimators based on a reduced set JPS sample perform better than the corresponding estimators based on a regular JPS sample.
Seasonal thermal insulation to mitigate climate change impacts on foundations in permafrost regions

Abstract Climate change impact on existing infrastructure built on permafrost is of concern to many engineers and scientists. Some studies predict widespread collapse of the existing infrastructure. Adapting structures in the permafrost region to climate change is an important contemporary issue. In this paper, we analyze impacts of permanent and seasonal thermal insulation on permafrost temperature. An analysis of the available data shows that permanent thermal insulation increases the permafrost temperature when the soil surface is exposed to seasonal air temperature variations and when the mean annual soil surface temperature is below 0 °C (32 °F). We study the thermal impact of seasonal insulation applied in the spring and removed in the autumn to restrict summer heat flow into the ground. The absence of thermal insulation in winter permits soil cooling. We present the results from two-dimensional thermal analyses of a building in the discontinuous permafrost zone. These results show the effectiveness of seasonal thermal insulation. Summer seasonal thermal insulation on the soil surface in a ventilated crawl space decreases permafrost temperature and can be valuable for increasing foundation integrity in a warming climate. The impact of seasonally installed thermal insulation on permafrost increases as the thawing index increases. Seasonal thermal insulation is especially valuable in the discontinuous permafrost zone, where bearing capacity of shallow foundations and adfreeze strength of frozen soil with piles are sensitive to minor soil temperature changes. The method is adaptive and flexible, and the initial cost is low, all of which are important considerations given the uncertainties of climate warming. Using seasonal insulation permits an incremental response to future climate warming conditions as they occur.
Going Online: A Pedagogical Assessment of Bioethics Distance Education Courses for Health Sciences Professionals

Health sciences professionals work on diverse health care teams and often face ethical dilemmas. Bioethics education in a distance-learning environment is one way that such individuals can obtain relevant, easily accessible, and academically rigorous instruction on ethical decision-making and behavior. Drawing on our expertise as distance educators in George Washington University's Health Sciences Programs, we discuss our experiences teaching bioethics online for health sciences professionals, assess the existing evidence of best practices in online bioethics education, and provide recommendations for future pedagogical research relevant to diverse health care professionals.
Characterization and isolation of a bacteriocin produced by a strain of Propionibacterium thoenii

A partially purified bacteriocin produced by Propionibacterium thoenii designated propionicin PLG-1 was found to be active against closely related species and exhibited a broad spectrum of activity against other microorganisms. Propionicin PLG-1 was found to be heat-labile, sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes, and stable at pH 3-9. Propionicin PLG-1 was isolated from solid medium, partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and purified further by gel filtration. Gel filtration experiments revealed that the bacteriocin PLG-1 was present as two different protein aggregates with apparent molecular weights greater than 150,000 and approximately 10,000. Resolution of these protein aggregates by sodium dodecyl sulfate -polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a protein common to both with apparent molecular weight 10,000.
Electrical Safety Concepts And Implementation

The cost-effective and safe design of electrical equipment depends on the reliability of data on electro-biological shock effects on humans. At present, these data are in the process of revision, yet some important aspects remain unresolved, and additional research is needed to address these issues. Once these are addressed, improved but less costly electrical shock safety methods, such as grounding or ground-fault current interruptors, can be implemented.
An easily extendable FFT based four-channel, four-beam receiver with progressive partial spatial filtering in 65nm

This paper presents a novel four-channel, four-beam receiver core based on a FFT core that is easily extended to a larger number of beams. This architecture is particulary well suited for MIMO systems where multiple beams are used for increased throughput. Like the FFT, the proposed architecture reuses computations for multi-beam systems. In particular, the proposed architecture redistributes the computations so as to maximize the reuse of the structure that already exist in a receiver chain. In many fashions the architecture is quite similar to a Butler matrix but unlike the Butler matrix it does not use large passive components at RF. Further, we exploit the normally occurring quadrature down-conversion process to implement the tap weights. In comparison to traditional MIMO architectures, that effectively duplicate each path, the distributed computations of this architecture provide partial spatial filtering before the final stage, improving interference rejection for the blocks between the LNA and the ADC. Additionally, because of the spatial filtering prior to the ADC, a single interferer only jams a single beam allowing for continued operation though at a lower combined throughput. The four-beam receiver core prototype in 65nm CMOS implements the basic FFT based architecture but does not include an LNA or extensive IF stages. This four-channel design consumes 56mW power and occupies an active area of 0.65mm2 excluding pads and test circuits.
KCAD: kinetic cyber-attack detection method for cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems

Additive Manufacturing (AM) uses Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) (e.g., 3D Printers) that are vulnerable to kinetic cyber-attacks. Kinetic cyber-attacks cause physical damage to the system from the cyber domain. In AM, kinetic cyber-attacks are realized by introducing flaws in the design of the 3D objects. These flaws may eventually compromise the structural integrity of the printed objects. In CPS, researchers have designed various attack detection method to detect the attacks on the integrity of the system. However, in AM, attack detection method is in its infancy. Moreover, analog emissions (such as acoustics, electromagnetic emissions, etc.) from the side-channels of AM have not been fully considered as a parameter for attack detection. To aid the security research in AM, this paper presents a novel attack detection method that is able to detect zero-day kinetic cyber-attacks on AM by identifying anomalous analog emissions which arise as an outcome of the attack. This is achieved by statistically estimating functions that map the relation between the analog emissions and the corresponding cyber domain data (such as G-code) to model the behavior of the system. Our method has been tested to detect potential zero-day kinetic cyber-attacks in fused deposition modeling based AM. These attacks can physically manifest to change various parameters of the 3D object, such as speed, dimension, and movement axis. Accuracy, defined as the capability of our method to detect the range of variations introduced to these parameters as a result of kinetic cyber-attacks, is 77.45%.
Contraception and postpartum follow-up in patients with gestational diabetes

Abstract Objectives We sought to review the effect of immediate provision of postpartum contraception on postpartum follow-up and screening for type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study design We performed multivariate logistic regression to identify the association between immediate provision of postpartum contraception and attendance at the 6-week postpartum visit and performance of a 6- to 12-week oral glucose tolerance test, controlling for age, type of insurance, parity and race. Results Women who received contraception prior to hospital discharge were less likely to attend their postpartum visit [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.88], but just as likely to participate in postpartum diabetes screening (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–2.06). Attendance at the postpartum visit was associated with private insurance (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.31–2.99). Conclusion Receiving contraception while admitted postpartum did not affect follow-up for diabetes screening for women with GDM.
Viability of Vibrio choierae 01 on Frog Legs under Frozen and Refrigerated Conditions and Low Dose Radiation Treatment.

Frog legs were contaminated with Vibrio cholera 01, Inaba serotype, ElTor biotype. The organism remained viable for more than 28 and 2 d when stored at -20°C and 4°C, respectively. Exposure to a multicurie 60Cobalt source of 50 and 100 kilorads eliminated V. choierae from both the frozen and fresh frog legs.
Indo-German Contact Through the Lens of Gender: Three Cases of Anti-Imperialist Miscegenation: Dr. Zakir Husain, Virendrenath “Chatto” Chattopadhyaya, and S.C. Bose

This chapter examines the connections between male Hindu nationalists and German women during the first half of the twentieth century. These relationships, subversive for their time, inverted the gendered hierarchy of male colonizers and feminine indigenous subjects. Dr. Zakir Husain had a friendship with Jewish German Gerda Philipsborn that saved her from the Nazis. Virendrenath “Chatto” Chattopadhyaya, leader of the First World War Berlin Committee, had relationships with several European women. Subhas Chandra “Netaji” (Great Leader) Bose had a daughter with the Austrian Emilie Schenkl during the 1930s. These interracial relationships reveal an intersection of anti-imperialist struggle and overcoming racism in public struggles and personal lives.
Thinnest transparent epidermal sensor system based on graphene

We report the first demonstration of a graphene-based epidermal sensor system (GESS) with total thickness below 500 nm. The GESS is manufactured by the cost-effective and rapid “cut-and-paste” method on tattoo paper and can be directly laminated on human skin like a temporary transfer tattoo. Without any tape or adhesive, the GESS completely conforms to the microscopic morphology of human skin via van der Waals interaction. The softness and transparency of the GESS, make it the world's first epidermal sensor system that is invisible both mechanically and optically. The GESS has been successfully applied to measure electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) with signal-to-noise ratio comparable with commercial electrodes, in addition to skin temperature and skin hydration. The thin and transparent graphene epidermal sensor can be used for the first time enable simultaneous electrical and optical epidermal sensing.
Explicit Representation of Classical Damping Matrices by Caughey Series with Rational Fractional Powers

AbstractAn explicit expression for a rational fractional powers Caughey damping series consistent with a set of prescribed modal damping ratios is presented. The result is obtained by use of Adhika...
Contingent Payment Mechanisms for Future Coordination

My research focuses on mechanism design for coordination when assigning resources or tasks to agents, when choosing a plan for a future event, in the presence of uncertainty, self-interest and private information. At the time of planning, each agent has uncertainty in her value in utilizing the resources, completing the tasks or attending the event at each specific times. The uncertainty would later be resolved in a future period, based on which agents decides on which actions to take. The design objective is to determine assignments, plans and also payments that may be contingent on the actions taken, in order to incentivize good outcomes. My past research include resource allocation to maximize utilization, incentivizing reliability demand side response in electric power systems, and possibilities of non-dictatorial mechanisms for the non-quasi-linear social choice problem. Looking forward, many challenges remain for the design and implementation of coordination mechanisms, including better understanding mechanism design with non-quasi-linear utilities, designing simple indirect mechanisms, exploring the effects of temporal preferences and present-bias, and experimenting to study human decisions on uncertain future events.
An Examination of Training Design Strategies in a Pay-For-Performance Appraisal System Online Workshop

The purpose of this study was to examine the design of an online training program about pay-for-performance systems for municipal agencies. The effects of two training design strategies, discussion groups and multiple-formatted content, on participants’ declarative knowledge were examined. The moderating role of experience with technology, technology self-efficacy, and several individual characteristic variables were also examined. Participants for the study were adult learners from four undergraduate courses. Analyses indicated that there were significant differences between an online training workshop with discussion group activities and an online training workshop without discussion groups with regard to participants’ declarative knowledge. Findings from the study are discussed.
Theological discourse and the postmodern condition: the case of bioethics.

Bioethic reflects — like many other disciplines — the cultural fragmentation and the complexity of what has come to be known as the postmodern condition. The case of bioethics is particularly acute because of its epistemological indeterminacy and the moral pluralism characterizing post liberal societies. A provisional solution to this situation is the retrieval of a neo-Kantian version of ethical formalism in which concern for a consensus on rules replaces universal dialogue on moral content. The article analyzes the possible consequences of this solution with reference to theological ethics. In particular, the reduction of ethical rationality to a function of political regulation on the one hand, and the implicit legitimization of ethical relativism on the other, push any theological contribution to bioethics to the margins. The central methodological issue for the articulation of theological discourse in bioethics is how to avoid the pitfall of privatism while creating the conditions for ethical dialogue across different traditions.
Stability and Critical Behavior of Gravitational Monopoles

I dynamically evolve spherically symmetric spacetimes containing gravitational 't Hooft--Polyakov monopoles and determine the stable end states of the evolutions. I do so to study stability and critical behavior of the well-known static gravitational monopole solutions. For the static solutions, there exist regions of parameter space where two static monopole black holes and the static Reissner-N\"ordstrom black hole have the same mass. I find strong evidence that one of the static monopole black hole solutions is a critical solution, to which near-critical solutions are dynamically attracted before evolving to one of the other two static solutions as end states. I also discuss the no-hair conjecture for this model in the context of collapse.
Evidence-Based Medicine

A 59-year-old man presents to your office with a 4 week history of intermittent substernal chest discomfort with exertion, without radiation and relieved by rest. Each of several episodes lasted no more than 5 minutes. He has been in good general health, had no history of prior chest pain, hypertension, diabetes, or serious illness. He is a nonsmoker and takes no medications. Family history reveals that his father died at age 73, probably of myocardial infarction.
Protocol-Driven Revision for Stiffness After Total Knee Arthroplasty Improves Motion and Clinical Outcomes.

Abstract Background Stiffness after revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a difficult problem without a well-defined treatment algorithm. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of revision TKA for stiffness within the context of differential component replacement. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent revision TKA were retrospectively identified and included those who received debridement and polyethylene liner exchange alone, revision of only one of the femoral or tibial fixed components, or revision of all components. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion and Knee Society score (KSS) were collected. Results Sixty-nine knees were included in the study group with a mean follow-up of 43 months (range, 12-205 months). The mean prerevision flexion contracture of 17° improved to 5° after surgical intervention (P Conclusion Revision surgery with or without component revision can improve motion and function in patients with stiffness after TKA. Complete component revision may offer the largest improvements in these outcome measures in properly selected patients.
Copyright Infringement, Sex Trafficking, and the Fictional Life of a Geisha

This article explores the legal issues hidden within Arthur Golden's Memoirs of a Geisha. The geisha tradition has been alternately glorified by Japanese society, and outlawed by Japanese law as a form of prostitution. The leitmotif of Golden's famous novel is this evolving duality of the geisha as both artisan and courtesan. At its worst, the geisha tradition involves force, fraud, and deception, and the horrifying practice of selling one's own children into slavery for purposes of sexual exploitation. In striving for historical accuracy, Golden obtained an intimate interview with a real geisha named Mineko Iwasaki, who consented to reveal to him valuable secrets about the closed geisha society. Using her narrative as source material, Golden wrote a fictional biography of a little girl named Chiyo-chan who is sold by her own father at the age of nine into debt bondage. Like many Japanese girls sold by their parents into forced prostitution and slavery, Chiyo-chan endures a harsh indoctrination and eventually becomes a famous geisha known as Nitta Sayuri. The essence of the novel is the transformation of Chiyo-chan into Nitta Sayuri. The poetic, fairy-tale quality of Golden's prose, and his unusual narrative style, made the novel a literary and financial success upon its publication in 1997. In 2001, however, Mineko Iwasaki shocked the literary world by filing a lawsuit against Golden and his publishers, in New York court under Japanese and New York law, claiming breach of contract, quantum meruit, copyright infringement, unjust enrichment, defamation of character, and violation of her rights to privacy and publicity. It seems that Iwasaki became outraged by the discrepancies between her own life and that of Golden's purportedly fictional geisha. This article asks, and seeks to answer, two questions: First, is the geisha tradition as described by Golden a variant of sex trafficking and sexual slavery which, despite possible cultural justifications, should be abolished by law? Second, does Iwasaki's lawsuit have any merit?
Success and Patient Satisfaction following the Stamey Procedure for Stress Urinary Incontinence

A long-term followup survey to determine patient satisfaction following Stamey endoscopic vesicourethral suspension was obtained by means of a mail-in questionnaire. A total of 284 charts was reviewed and surveys were mailed, 17 of which were returned for lack of a forwarding address. A total of 192 replies was received for a 72% response rate. Overall improvement was found to be 82%, with approximately half of these patients found to be totally dry. When asked if they would be willing to go through the experience again 65% said they would. Criteria for the success or failure of the procedure were determined, weighing the degree of dryness against the previously mentioned question. With these criteria there was an overall success rate of 73%. Pulmonary disease, body weight greater than 86 kg., prior Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure and concomitant abdominal hysterectomy lowered the success rate. Prior hysterectomy and concomitant vaginal hysterectomy had no influence on the success rate.
Coping with Sexuality and Sexual Vulnerability in Developmentally Disabled Individuals

This presentation will focus on the sexuality of retarded persons, including their vulnerability to sexual abuse and exploitation. The material presented here is based on the author’s experience in providing interdisciplinary diagnostic and treatment services to retarded individuals and their families in a large urban developmental disabilities clinic (Developmental Evaluation Clinic at the Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts).