cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing Microfluidic Components for Enhanced Surface Delivery Using a Genetic Algorithm Search

*† ‡ § The Toolbox approach to the automated design of microfluidic components is extended to include a genetic algorithm search of candidate designs. Performance metrics for characterizing surface delivery are described, and the software is applied to choose sequences of grooves to add to a rectangular microchannel in order to optimize surface delivery for pressure-driven flow. Initial searches using five groove shapes identify designs that perform much better than standard mixers found in the literature. These initial searches produced two sets of competing designs, and each set was dominated by a different subset of the allowable groove shapes. Additional targeted searches that limited the groove choices to each of these two subsets produced additional significant improvements in the designs.
Messianic Consciousness as an Expression of National Inferiority: Chaadaev and Some Samizdat Writings of the 1970s

Stalin's death and Nikita Krushchev's unsuccessful attempt at de-Stalinization significantly eroded official Marxist-Leninist ideology in the Soviet Union.' Searching for a new alternative to the fading Communist ideology, many Russians turned toward traditional Russian forms of national and religious identity.2 The Soviet intelligentsia, in particular, reevaluated the Stalinist period and its meaning in Russian history. Once again Russians faced the question of their country's destiny in terms of her relation to other civilizations-the question dramatically articulated by Petr la. Chaadaev more than 150 years ago. Analogies exist between Chaadaev's fluctuating views on Russia's place in world history and the debate about Russia's past and future in Soviet samizdat of the late 1960s and early 1970s. I will argue that the messianic consciousness in a number of samizdat writings is linked to a feeling of national inferiority, first expressed by Chaadaev in his Philosophical Letters. According to Chaadaev, humanity can be understood only in terms of history, "which explains a people." The fundamental supposition for Chaadaev was the universal nature of the historical process. Chaadaev saw the idea of Christianity as the only universal idea in west Euro-
Engineering Method to Select Parameters of Single-Tuned Filter Capacitor

During engineering design there may exist blindness in the selection of rated capacity and rated voltage of single-tuned filter capacitor.To fully utilize the economic effect brought about by increasing rated capacity of filter capacitor and to filtrate harmonics better,the authors derive the relational expression among rated capacity of single-tuned filter capacitor with its rated current and harmonic currents as well as practicable formulae to determine rated parameters of the capacitor.Taking the arithmetic sum of fundamental harmonic and harmonic voltages as verification condition,a formula to select capacitor's lowest rated voltage is given.On the basis of calculation examples,corresponding parameters of the filter capacitor are proposed according to the proposed formulae.The impedance-frequency characteristics of a filter set constituted by three parallel filtering branches shows that the proposed formulae are correct and rational.
Irradiation induced structural change in Mo2Zr intermetallic phase

Abstract The Mo 2 Zr phase has been identified as a major interaction product at the interface of U-10Mo and Zr. Transmission electron microscopy in-situ irradiation with Kr ions at 200 °C with doses up to 2.0E + 16 ions/cm 2 was carried out to investigate the radiation stability of the Mo 2 Zr. The Mo 2 Zr undergoes a radiation-induced structural change, from a large cubic (cF24) to a small cubic (cI2), along with an estimated 11.2% volume contraction without changing its composition. The structural change begins at irradiation dose below 1.0E + 14 ions/cm 2 . The transformed Mo 2 Zr phase demonstrates exceptional radiation tolerance with the development of dislocations without bubble formation.
Air traffic controller utilization of voice and Data Link Communications during Interval Management

A Human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation was conducted to investigate the integration of two advanced aviation capabilities across both the air and ground domains: Interval Management (IM) and Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC). The IM concept was examined in a mixed communication environment. Of particular interest was the communication of the IM clearance as it is expected to be a complex communication. The simulation focused on three levels of IM clearance complexity and two different modes of communication (voice only versus voice and CPDLC). In the HITL, pilots and controllers conducted IM and had communication exchanges that were supported by automation. Controller results from the HITL are provided in this paper. The majority of controllers found the integration of the IM and CPDLC capabilities acceptable. Controllers had the most variability in their replies for the Higher Complexity clearances under both voice and CPDLC. They preferred CPDLC over voice communications. The simulation showed more communication issues when using voice as compared to when using CPDLC. The results of the HITL are expected to be used by the Federal Aviation Administration to develop requirements for IM operations and communications.
Designing a secure e-health network system

Healthcare data breaches are a growing issue, with healthcare security incidents increasing more than 900% in the last 2 years. A large U.S. health insurance provider had a major data breach, which resulted in the theft of more than 80 million patient and employee records. The U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) currently does not require Electronic Personal Health Information (ePHI) to be encrypted, increasing the vulnerability of e-health information. This paper proposes a secure e-health network system architecture which will significantly reduce the risk of data breaches and data theft, with minimal additional cost or network delay. This architecture is reliant on the application client and ensures authorized access to health records through the use of a secure client and a 2-step authentication process. The proposed network design will reduce instances of compromised networks, phishing attacks, or unwanted remote access, while improving authenticity of credentials.
Comparative Static and Computational Methods for an Empirical One-to-one Transferable Utility Matching Model

I show that the equilibrium distribution of matches associated with the empirical transferable utility one-to-one matching (TUM) model introduced by Choo and Siow (2006a, 2006b) corresponds to the fixed point of system of K + L nonlinear equations; with K and L respectively equal to the number of discrete types of women and men. I use this representation to derive new comparative static results, showing how the match distribution varies with match surplus and the marginal distributions of agent types.
Video Recording With a GoPro in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery.

Video recordings of surgical procedures are an excellent tool for presentations, analyzing self-performance, illustrating publications, and educating surgeons and patients. Recording the surgeon's perspective with high-resolution video in the operating room or clinic has become readily available and advances in software improve the ease of editing these videos. A GoPro HERO 4 Silver or Black was mounted on a head strap and worn over the surgical scrub cap, above the loupes of the operating surgeon. Five live surgical cases were recorded with the camera. The videos were uploaded to a computer and subsequently edited with iMovie or the GoPro software. The optimal settings for both the Silver and Black editions, when operating room lights are used, were determined to be a narrow view, 1080p, 60 frames per second (fps), spot meter on, protune on with auto white balance, exposure compensation at –0.5, and without a polarizing lens. When the operating room lights were not used, it was determined that the standard settings for a GoPro camera were ideal for positioning and editing (4K, 15 frames per second, spot meter and protune off). The GoPro HERO 4 provides high-quality, the surgeon perspective, and a cost-effective video recording of upper extremity surgical procedures. Challenges include finding the optimal settings for each surgical procedure and the length of recording due to battery life limitations.
An engineered solvent system for sugar production from lignocellulosic biomass using biomass derived γ-valerolactone

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is a biomass-derived solvent which completely solubilizes all fractions of lignocellulosic biomass, leading to the recovery of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) as soluble carbohydrates at high yields (>70%) without the use of expensive reagents, like enzymes and ionic liquids. Biological upgrading of carbohydrates to biofuels or bio-based chemicals requires that the carbohydrates are separated from GVL. We demonstrate that an engineered solvent system consisting of GVL, water and an organic co-solvent is mono-phasic at the temperatures used for biomass fractionation (e.g., 160 °C) and is bi-phasic at lower temperatures (e.g., room temperature). The advantage of using this engineered solvent system is that the carbohydrates are spontaneously separated from organic solvent components into an aqueous hydrolysate stream, thereby avoiding the need for expensive and potentially hazardous separation processes, such as operation at elevated pressures required for separation using liquid CO2. We also show that the organic co-solvent can be selected from an array of organic components, leading to a trade-off between the efficacy of carbohydrate separation and the ‘greenness’ of the solvent. We show further that toluene is a promising co-solvent component, and techno-economic analyses of the process, wherein toluene is used as a co-solvent, lead to a minimum selling price of ethanol of $3.10 per gallon of gasoline equivalent.
Strategies for Potential Age Dating of Fingerprints through the Diffusion of Sebum Molecules on a Nonporous Surface Analyzed Using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Age dating of fingerprints could have a significant impact in forensic science, as it has the potential to facilitate the judicial process by assessing the relevance of a fingerprint found at a crime scene. However, no method currently exists that can reliably predict the age of a latent fingerprint. In this manuscript, time-of-flight secondary ion imaging mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was used to measure the diffusivity of saturated fatty acid molecules from a fingerprint on a silicon wafer. It was found that their diffusion from relatively fresh fingerprints (t ≤ 96 h) could be modeled using an error function, with diffusivities (mm(2)/h) that followed a power function when plotted against molecular weight. The equation x = 0.02t(0.5) was obtained for palmitic acid that could be used to find its position in millimeters (where the concentration is 50% of its initial value or c0/2) as a function of time in hours. The results show that on a clean silicon substrate, the age of a fingerprint (t ≤ 96 h) could reliably be obtained through the extent of diffusion of palmitic acid.
High-Q silicon nitride microresonators exhibiting low-power frequency comb initiation

Optical resonators with high quality factors (Qs) are promising for a variety of applications due to the enhanced nonlinearity and increased photonic density of states at resonances. In particular, frequency combs (FCs) can be generated through four-wave mixing in high-Q microresonators made from Kerr nonlinear materials such as silica, silicon nitride, magnesium fluoride, and calcium fluoride. These devices have potential for on-chip frequency metrology and high-resolution spectroscopy, high-bandwidth radiofrequency information processing, and high-data-rate telecommunications. Silicon nitride microresonators are attractive due to their compatibility with integrated circuit manufacturing; they can be cladded with silica for long-term stable yet tunable operation, and allow multiple resonators to be coupled together to achieve novel functionalities. Despite previous demonstrations of high-Q silicon nitride resonators, FC generation using silicon nitride microresonator chips still requires pump power significantly higher than those in whispering gallery mode resonators made from silica, magnesium, and calcium fluorides, which all have shown resonator Qs between 0.1 and 100 billion. Here, we report on a fabrication procedure that leads to the demonstration of “finger-shaped” Si3N4 microresonators with intrinsic Qs up to 17 million at a free spectrum range (FSR) of 24.7 GHz that are suitable for telecommunication and microwave photonics applications. The frequency comb onset power can be as low as 2.36 mW and broad, single FSR combs can be generated at a low pump power of 24 mW, both within reach of on-chip semiconductor lasers. Our demonstration is an important step toward a fully integrated on-chip FC source.
Early parenting and depression: The mediating role of anger control

ABSTRACTApplying an attachment theoretical perspective, this study examined the relationship pattern between childhood parenting experience and adulthood depression and how it was mediated by anger control. The data were based on the National Comorbidity Study Replication (2001–2003), in which 1,579 participants met DSM-IV criteria for lifetime major depressive disorder (17%) and 2,242 participants (24.2%) reported that they perceived their anger to be out of control. The mediation hypothesis was tested with logistic regression models. Results showed that childhood parenting experience was significantly related to major depressive disorder and anger control. A significant indirect effect of anger control was detected through bootstrap analysis, supporting the partial mediation hypothesis. This study represents the first attempt to examine the mediating role of anger control in the relationship between early parenting and depressive disorder. The findings of this study suggest that early parenting experien...
3D printing of wearable fractal-based sensor systems for neurocardiology and healthcare

Neurocardiology is the pathophysiological interplay of nervous and cardiovascular systems. The communication between the heart and brain has revealed various methodologies in healthcare that could be investigated to study the heart-brain interactions and other cardiovascular and neurological diseases. A textile based wearable nanosensor system in the form of e-bra, e-shirt, e-headband, e-brief, underwear etc, was presented in this SPIE conferences earlier for noninvasive recording of EEG and EKG, and showing the correlation between the brain and heart signals. In this paper, the technology is expanded further using fractal based geometries using 3D printing system for low cost and flexible wearable sensor system for healthcare.
Molecular imaging for prostate cancer: Performance analysis of (68)Ga-PSMA PET/CT versus choline PET/CT.

Abstract Introduction There is a need for a precise and reliable imaging to improve the management of prostate cancer. In recent years the PET/CT with choline has changed the handling of prostate cancer in Europe, and it is commonly used for initial stratification or for the diagnosis of a biochemical recurrence, although it does not lack limitations. Other markers are being tested, including the ligand of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), that seems to offer encouraging prospects. The goal of this piece of work was to critically review the role of choline and PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer. Evidence acquisition A systematic literature review of databases PUBMED/MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted searching for articles fully published in English on the PET marker in prostate cancer and its clinical application. Evidence synthesis and discussion It seems as 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is better than PET/CT in prostate cancer to detect primary prostate lesions, initial metastases in the lymph nodes and recurrence. However, further research is required to obtain high-level tests. Also, other PET markers are studied. Moreover, the emergence of a new PET/MR camera could change the performance of PET imaging.
Growth and remodeling with application to abdominal aortic aneurysms

In this paper, we apply a mixture theory of growth and remodeling to study the formation and dilatation of abdominal aortic aneurysms. We adapt the continuum theory of mixtures to formalize the processes of production and removal of constituents from a loaded body. Specifically, we consider a mixture of elastin and collagen fibers which endow the material with anisotropic properties. An evolving recruitment variable defines the intermediate configuration from which the elastic stretch of collagen is measured. General formulations of the equations governing homeostatic state and aneurysm development are provided. In the homeostatic state, the idealized geometry of the aorta is a thick-walled tube subject to constant internal pressure and axial stretch. The formation of an aneurysm induces an increase of mass locally achieved via production of new material that exceeds the removal of old material. The combined effects of loss of elastin, degradation of existing and deposition of new collagen, as well as fiber remodeling results in a continuous enlargement of the aneurysm bulge. The numerical method makes use of a purposely written material subroutine, called UMAT, which is based on the constitutive formulation provided in the paper. Numerical results based on patient-based material parameters are illustrated.
Acculturation, acculturative stressors, and family relationships among Latina/o immigrants.

Objectives Family relationships, widely recognized as core to Latino cultures, are known to vary for Latina/o immigrants based on time in the United States. Less is known about (a) how acculturation explains differences in family relationships by time in the US, and (b) whether acculturative stressors influence different aspects of immigrants' family relationships. Drawing on an expanded acculturation framework, we explore whether and how attitudinal familism, family contact, and family conflict among immigrant Latina/os vary based on acculturation and acculturative stressors. Method Using nationally representative data on foreign-born Latina/os (National Latino and Asian American Study; N = 1,618), ordered logistic and OLS regression analyses examined whether differences in family relationships by time in the US are explained by acculturation factors, and whether acculturative stressors are associated with family relationships when controlling for other important sociodemographic factors. Results Accounting for acculturation reduces the effect of time in the US on attitudinal familism and family conflict to nonsignificance. Spanish language proficiency and ethnic identity are associated with higher attitudinal familism, while English proficiency is associated with increased family conflict. Additionally, acculturative stressors (involuntary context of exit, hostile context of reception, limited origin country ties) are associated with lower attitudinal familism and higher conflict. Conclusions Results highlight the importance of (a) examining the ways that migration influences multiple aspects of family relationships, (b) adopting a more comprehensive acculturation framework. Particularly novel are our findings on how acculturative stressors are associated with different family outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record
"Holy John" Wanamaker: Color Cartoon Centerfold

"Holy John" Wanamaker: Color Cartoon Centerfold Known best TO Philadelphians as a founding father of modern American retailing and to students of American reli gion as a major figure in such manifestations of post-Civil War Protestant outreach as the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) and Sunday-school movements, John Wanamaker achieved celebrity of a decidedly different sort during the 1889-1893 presidency of Benjamin Harrison. During his stint as Postmaster General in Harrison's cabinet, Wanamaker became notorious in the minds of many Americans unfamiliar with his entrepreneurial and religious exploits as a symbol of political sleaze and mendacity. The color cartoon art gracing the covers and centerfolds of such dime illustrated humor weeklies as Puck and Judge repeatedly caricatured Wanamaker during the Harrison regime, often casting him in starring roles. The dominant cartoon image of Wanamaker became that of "Holy John" or "Saint" Wanamaker, symbol of spoils statecraft and holier-than-thou hypocrisy. Even within the tradition of a medium renowned for droll defamation?"Many cartoonists would be hired assassins if they couldn't draw," Jeff MacNelly once joked1?the image of Wana maker created by the leading graphic satirists of the day stands out as uncommonly unfair. During Wanamaker's tenure in Washington, political cartooning was dominated by two rival New York dime humor weeklies, Puck and Judge. Begun in a German-language format in 1876 by the
Adaptation of the Aesop's Fable paradigm for use with raccoons (Procyon lotor): considerations for future application in non-avian and non-primate species.

To gain a better understanding of the evolution of animal cognition, it is necessary to test and compare the cognitive abilities of a broad array of taxa. Meaningful inter-species comparisons are best achieved by employing universal paradigms that standardize testing among species. Many cognitive paradigms, however, have been tested in only a few taxa, mostly birds and primates. One such example, known as the Aesop’s Fable paradigm, is designed to assess causal understanding in animals using water displacement. To evaluate the universal effectiveness of the Aesop’s Fable paradigm, we applied this paradigm to a previously untested taxon, the raccoon (Procyon lotor). We first trained captive raccoons to drop stones into a tube of water to retrieve a floating food reward. Next, we presented successful raccoons with objects that differed in the amount of water they displaced to determine whether raccoons could select the most functional option. Raccoons performed differently than corvids and human children did in previous studies of Aesop’s Fable, and we found raccoons to be innovative in many aspects of this task. We suggest that raccoon performance in this paradigm reflected differences in tangential factors, such as behavior, morphology, and testing procedures, rather than cognitive deficiencies. We also present insight into previously undocumented challenges that should better inform future Aesop’s Fable studies incorporating more diverse taxa.
Confocal endomicroscopy and cyst fluid molecular analysis: Comprehensive evaluation of pancreatic cysts.

Confocal endomicroscopy and cyst fluid molecular analysis: Comprehensive evaluation of pancreatic cysts
Utilization of primary care among college students with mental health disorders.

Objective Our goal was to assess whether integration of behavioral and medical services in college settings is associated with decreased use of primary care by patients with mental health diagnoses (MHDs). Method The cohort consisted of 80,219 patients with at least 1 MHD in 21 universities. Two levels of service integration were defined: "standard"-universities with separate electronic health records (EHR) systems and minimal clinical collaboration between services, and "enhanced"-universities with shared EHR and collaborative patient care. Frequency, the total number of primary care visits, and complexity, the total visit length for primary care per unit time, were compared by using multilevel models. Results Nine schools met the criteria of enhanced clinical integration; a tenth school shifted to enhanced service during the study period. Student and patient demographics and clinical diagnoses were similar between the 2 categories. When controlling for variance in age, sex, and total time in school, patients with MHDs in standard systems had 15.72% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.77%-20.44%) more primary care visits and 22.88% (95% CI: 21.42%-24.38%) more time than patients in enhanced systems. Conclusions Students with MHDs have significantly lower utilization of primary care services in integrated health care systems, but only a minority of institutions nationally have adopted this model of care. Although further research is needed to specifically assess differences in health outcomes and perceived suffering, it is possible that reduced primary care visits in enhanced integrative service settings with robust mental health support indicates overall reduction in perceived suffering for patients/clients. (PsycINFO Database Record
Utility of natriuretic peptides to assess and manage patients with heart failure receiving angiotensin receptor blocker/neprilysin inhibitor therapy

Levels of natriuretic peptides (NPs), such as B-type NP (BNP) and the N-terminal fragment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP), are well-established biomarkers for patients with heart failure (HF). Although these biomarkers have consistently demonstrated their value in the diagnosis and prognostication of HF, their ability to help clinicians in making treatment decisions remains debated. Moreover, some new HF drugs can affect concentrations of NPs, such as the prevention of BNP degradation by angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), and may present a challenge in the interpretation of levels of BNP. Use of NT-proBNP measurement has been suggested in the context of ARNI therapy because its concentrations are not affected by neprilysin inhibition. As biomarkers are reconsidered in the context of ARNI therapy, cutoff levels and the effects of individual patient characteristics, such as renal function and age, on biomarker concentrations should be reassessed.
Embodied Neoliberalism: Epidemiology and the Lived Experience of Consumer Debt:

A growing set of epidemiological data links personal financial debt to negative mental and physical health outcomes. These findings point to debt as a potentially significant socioeconomic determinant of population health, especially given rising rates of household and consumer debt in industrialized nations. However, the political and economic contexts in which rising consumer debt is embedded and the ways in which it is experienced in everyday life are underexplored in this epidemiological literature. This gap leaves open questions about how best to situate and understand debt as a health determinant with both psychosocial and neo-material attributes. In this article, we discuss findings from a qualitative study of personal debt experience in Boston, Massachusetts. Participants' debt narratives highlight the powerful feelings of shame, guilt, and personal responsibility that debt engenders. The findings point to the influence of neoliberal ideology in shaping emotional responses to debt and suggest that these responses may be important pathways through which debt affects health. We discuss our findings within the broader landscape of American neoliberal economic policy and its role in shaping trends of consumer debt burden.
Data and Design for Action

This is an interesting era for design in terms of the diverse ways that designers need to work. The advent of cloud computing and the sensors in the mobile phones we carry means that there is a vast amount of data collected about what people do. There is a vast opportunity for designers to leverage this data to create products, services and systems that are tailored to individual needs. At the same time, designers at Google are designing products and services that millions of people use every day. This sets up an interesting dichotomy for today's designers, who need to take into account both personal and adaptive and global and scaled in how they think, design, and take action.
In Search of a Theory of Integrated Marketing Communication

For the most part, the literature base for Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has developed from an applied or tactical level rather than from an intellectual or theoretical one. Since industry, practitioner and even academic studies have provided little insight into what IMC is and how it operates, our approach has been to investigate that other IMC community, that is, the academic or instructional group responsible for disseminating IMC knowledge. We proposed that the people providing course instruction and directing research activities have some basis for how they organize, consider and therefore instruct in the area of IMC. A syllabi analysis of 87 IMC units in six countries investigated the content of the unit, its delivery both physically and conceptually, and defined the audience of the unit. The study failed to discover any type of latent theoretical foundation that might be used as a base for understanding IMC. The students who are being prepared to extend, expand and enhance IMC concepts do not appear to be well-served by the curriculum we found in our research. The study concludes with a model for further IMC curriculum development.
The Trilateral Dilemma in Financial Regulation

In choosing financial products and services, consumers often rely on financial advisers to recommend products or services. With surprising frequency, these advisers receive side payments or other forms of compensation from the firms that provide the products or services the advisers recommend. Many times these payments are not clearly disclosed to consumers; often they are entirely secret. These practices, which I label the trilateral dilemma of financial regulation, raise concerns that advisers may be giving their customers biased advice. Side payments of this sort also have the potential to increase the cost of financial products and services. In this article, I describe how trilateral dilemmas have arisen in many different sectors of the financial services industry, including mortgage lending, retirement savings, investment management, insurance brokering, student loans, and banking services. I then review the many different regulatory strategies that Congress and regulatory agencies have employed to police trilateral dilemmas and assess the efficacy of these techniques in solving the problems that side payments of this sort pose. I also evaluate the possibility that side payments and other forms of indirect compensation may in fact be an efficient or at least innocuous means of financing the cost of distributing financial products and services. The article concludes with a brief discussion of how consumer education might address trilateral dilemmas.
7 – Engineering the corneal epithelial cell response to materials

The epithelial cell layer of the cornea plays an important role not only as a refracting surface and a barrier to pathogens, but also in the maintenance of tear film spreading and stability. Any device used to replace or augment the cornea must support a healthy anterior epithelial cell layer in order to maintain these precorneal functions. The objective is to translate fundamental knowledge from the cell-biology laboratory to the engineering of synthetic corneas that stimulate integrative biological responses when transplanted to a needy eye. Cells rely on the extrinsic meso-, micro-, and nano-scale chemistry and topography of their surroundings to provide the necessary physiological cues for their development and survival. Signals, in the form of peptide sequences, from the extracellular matrix milieu trigger integrins and receptors on the cell membrane to initiate diverse cell functions. The natural immobilization of signaling ligands within the extracellular environment provides a basis to engineer synthetic cell-surface interfaces that enhance cellular migration and proliferation. These surfaces will provide the basis for future clinical interventions that employ the substrates developed as biomimetic surfaces which generate normal corneal epithelial cell wound healing when used for corneal replacement/augmentation.
Issues in the Interpretation of “Altmetrics” Digital Traces: A Review

Researchers leave traces of their behavior during many stages of their research process. Parts of this process were formerly invisible. With scholarship moving online, we can now access various types of altmetrics digital traces such as reading, organizing, sharing and discussing scientific papers, thus develop a more holistic story about researchers and their work. However, a lack of in-depth interpretation of altmetrics digital traces is observed. Therefore, this paper focuses on reviewing some of existing altmetrics research, with a particular emphasis on the issues that need to be taken into consideration in the interpretation of altmetrics digital traces. Taking a preliminary step towards a guideline for more in-depth analysis of digital traces of scholarly acts, this review aims to bring attention to these issues to avoid misuse of altmetrics indicators.
Numerical modeling of heat transfer in open-cell micro-foam with phase change material

The heat transfer behavior of micro-foam impregnated with phase change material (PCM) was investigated. Both microscopic and macroscopic modeling approaches were considered. An open-cell PCM/micro-foam structure under constant heat flux was modeled using an ideal micro-foam structure based on a cubic unit cell with spherical micro-pores arranged in a BCC lattice. Results from direct numerical simulations (DNS) which take into account the intricate foam geometry were compared with those from one- and two-temperature volume-averaged simulations. The enthalpy-porosity method was used for phase change and conjugated heat transfer was applied at the PCM/micro-foam interface. The DNS simulations provided insight into the complicated heat transfer and a three-dimensional PCM melting front and temperature distribution was observed. Along with serving as a benchmark for the less computationally expensive volume average methods, the DNS results were also used to extract thermo-physical parameters such as effective thermal conductivity and interstitial heat transfer coefficients. These coefficients were subsequently used in the volume averaged simulations. The choice of the effective thermal conductivity of the PCM/micro-foam structure was found to be crucial in matching the temperature profile and liquid PCM volume fraction results from volume averaged simulations and DNS. Effective thermal conductivity values based on the nonlinear Progelhoff model with power factor derived from DNS were found to provide an improvement over the more widely used value based on the arithmetic mean.
In Situ Gel of Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Topical Ocular Delivery: Tear Kinetics and Ocular Disposition Studies.

Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), an intermediate acting corticosteroid, is used in the treatment of posterior ocular diseases, such as inflammation, posterior uveitis, and diabetic macular edema. The objective of this investigation was to prepare TA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (TA-SLNs) and in situ gel (TA-SLN-IG) formulations for delivery into the deeper ocular tissues through the topical route. TA-SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization and ultrasonication method using glyceryl monostearate and Compritol® 888ATO as solid lipids and Tween®80 and Pluronic® F-68 as surfactants. TA-SLNs were optimized and converted to TA-SLN-IG by the inclusion of gellan gum and evaluated for their rheological properties. In vitro transcorneal permeability and in vivo ocular distribution of the TA-SLNs and TA-SLN-IG were studied using isolated rabbit corneas and New Zealand albino rabbits, respectively, and compared with TA suspension, used as control (TA-C). Particle size, PDI, zeta potential, assay, and entrapment efficiency of TA-SLNs were in the range of 200–350 nm, 0.3–0.45, −52.31 to −64.35 mV, 70–98%, and 97–99%, respectively. TA-SLN-IG with 0.3% gellan gum exhibited better rheological properties. The transcorneal permeability of TA-SLN and TA-SLN-IG was 10.2 and 9.3-folds higher compared to TA-C. TA-SLN-IG showed maximum tear concentration at 2 h, indicating an improved pre-corneal residence time, as well as higher concentrations in aqueous humor, vitreous humor and cornea at 6 h, suggesting sustained delivery of the drug into the anterior and posterior segment ocular tissues, when compared to TA-SLN and TA-C. The results, therefore, demonstrate that the lipid based nanoparticulate system combined with the in situ gelling agents can be a promising drug delivery platform for the deeper ocular tissues.
Development and Evaluation of Geostatistical Methods for Non-Euclidean-Based Spatial Covariance Matrices

Customary and routine practice of geostatistical modeling assumes that inter-point distances are a Euclidean metric (i.e., as the crow flies) when characterizing spatial variation. There are many real-world settings, however, in which the use of a non-Euclidean distance is more appropriate, for example, in complex bodies of water. However, if such a distance is used with current semivariogram functions, the resulting spatial covariance matrices are no longer guaranteed to be positive-definite. Previous attempts to address this issue for geostatistical prediction (i.e., kriging) models transform the non-Euclidean space into a Euclidean metric, such as through multi-dimensional scaling (MDS). However, these attempts estimate spatial covariances only after distances are scaled. An alternative method is proposed to re-estimate a spatial covariance structure originally based on a non-Euclidean distance metric to ensure validity. This method is compared to the standard use of Euclidean distance, as well as a previously utilized MDS method. All methods are evaluated using cross-validation assessments on both simulated and real-world experiments. Results show a high level of bias in prediction variance for the previously developed MDS method that has not been highlighted previously. Conversely, the proposed method offers a preferred tradeoff between prediction accuracy and prediction variance and at times outperforms the existing methods for both sets of metrics. Overall results indicate that this proposed method can provide improved geostatistical predictions while ensuring valid results when the use of non-Euclidean distances is warranted.
Clinical Utility of an MRI-Based Classification System for Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: A 2-Year Follow-up Study.

Background:A recently introduced classification system of medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears accounting for location and severity has demonstrated high interobserver and intraobserver rel...
Technical Note: Method to Streamline Processing of Livestock Global Positioning System Collar Data

Abstract The use of global positioning system (GPS) technology to study livestock movement has been widely adopted in range and animal sciences; however, the methods for processing GPS collar data are varied among researchers and often involve repetitive, time-consuming steps to get data into a format available to view in geographic information system (GIS) software. The objective of this technical note is to present a method for quickly processing uniform datasets using a commonly available commercial GPS collar and Program R. Data generated by a Lotek 3300LR GPS collar were processed in seconds using “Lotek_Function,” which was developed using R coding. Traditional hand-processing of the same data generally requires 30 or more minutes and is prone to error due to the tedious, repetitive nature of the task. Due to the open-source nature of Program R, base codes can be modified to fit specific researchers’ needs when incorporating GIS data layers or models to assess behavior based on motion sensor data output from collars.
Roles for DNA polymerase δ in initiating and terminating leading strand DNA replication.

Most current evidence indicates that DNA polymerases e and δ, respectively, perform the bulk of leading and lagging strand replication of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Given that ribonucleotide and mismatch incorporation rates by these replicases influence somatic and germline patterns of variation, it is important to understand the details and exceptions to this overall division of labor. Using an improved method to map where these replicases incorporate ribonucleotides during replication, here we present evidence that DNA polymerase δ universally participates in initiating leading strand synthesis and that nascent leading strand synthesis switches from Pol e to Pol δ during replication termination. Ribonucleotide maps from both the budding and fission yeast reveal conservation of these processes. These observations of replisome dynamics provide important insight into the mechanisms of eukaryotic replication and genome maintenance. DNA polymerases epsilon and delta, respectively, perform the majority of leading and lagging strand replication of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Here the authors map the ribonucleotide fingerprints of the polymerases to show the special roles of polymerase delta on both strands during replication initiation and termination.
Cosmogenic 3He exposure ages of basaltic flows from Miller Knoll, Panguitch Lake, Utah: Using the alternative isochron approach to overcome low-gas crushes

Abstract Determining the ages of young volcanic rocks is important for understanding the tectono-magmatic development of geologic terranes. Usually, if rocks are old enough the 40Ar/39Ar or K–Ar techniques can provide reliable ages. However, when rocks are younger, they often lack enough daughter product to resolve an age. Cosmogenic 3He methods provide an alternative for determining the eruption age of relatively recent mafic/intermediate lava flows. We sampled morphologically young basaltic andesite flows south of Miller Knoll, near Panguitch Lake on the Markagunt Plateau in southern Utah. We took two samples in close proximity from two different areas on the flows and separated both olivine and pyroxene. The typical protocol is to crush mineral separates on-line to determine an inclusion-hosted magmatic 3He/4He component. Then the powders are heated in a furnace to release the total 3He and 4He component and the crushed component is subtracted to determine the cosmogenic 3He component. Unfortunately, in the case of the Miller Lake flows, 3He yield from on-line crushes was below detection. An alternative isochron approach, which obviates the need for crush data, was first described by Cerling and Craig (1994) and more fully by Blard and Pik (2008). In this approach the 3He/4He of the total gas released from furnace heating is plotted vs. 1/4He. If the samples plot on a line, then the resulting y-intercept is the magmatic 3He/4He and the slope of the line is the cosmogenic 3He component, which determines the exposure age. Our data create good isochrons (MSWD = 0.76 and 0.14) with magmatic 3He/4He of 4.7–4.9 Ra. Concentrations of cosmogenic 3He are 2.13 and 2.61 × 107 atoms g−1after correction for radiometric 4He using the R correction factor and measured and estimated U and Th concentrations in whole rock and minerals, respectively. Using the LSDn scaling routine and an online exposure age calculator, we determine zero erosion exposure ages of 32 ± 3 ka for the upper part of the flow and 34 ± 4 ka for the lower part of the flow.
Efficient Distributed Graph Analytics using Triply Compressed Sparse Format

This paper presents Triply Compressed Sparse Column (TCSC), a novel compression technique designed specifically for matrix-vector operations where the matrix as well as the input and output vectors are sparse. We refer to these operations as SpMSpV2. TCSC compresses the nonzero columns and rows of a highly sparse matrix representing a large real-world graph. During this compression, it encodes the sparsity patterns of the input and output vectors within the compressed representation of the sparse matrix itself. Consequently, it aligns the compressed indices of the input and output vectors with those of the compressed matrix columns and rows, thus eliminating the need for extra indirections when SpMSpV2 operations access the vectors. This results in fewer cache misses, greater space efficiency and faster execution times. We evaluate TCSC’s performance and show that it is more space and time efficient compared to CSC and DCSC, with up to 11× speedup. We integrate TCSC into GraphTap, our suggested linear algebra-based distributed graph analytics system. We compare GraphTap against GraphPad and LA3, two state-of-the-art linear algebra-based distributed graph analytics systems, using different dataset scales and numbers of processes. GraphTap is up to 7× faster than these systems due to TCSC and the resulting communication efficiency.
Greater delay discounting and cannabis coping motives are associated with more frequent cannabis use in a large sample of adult cannabis users

Abstract Background Self-regulation deficits expressed through a decreased ability to value future rewards (delay discounting (DD)) and impaired emotion regulation (negative urgency (NU), cannabis coping motives (CCM), and anxiety sensitivity (AS)) relate to more frequent or problematic cannabis use. However, there is a need to better understand how self-regulation and emotion regulation constructs reflect competition between deliberative and reactive systems that drive individual differences in cannabis use patterns. Further, few studies assess frequency of cannabis use within and across days of use, which may obscure differentiation of individual differences. Methods In a large national sample of 2545 cannabis users, Latent Class Analysis was used to derive participant sub-classes based on two frequency indices, self-reported cannabis use days and times cannabis was used per day. Three classes emerged: Low (1–9 days/month, 1 time/day; 23 %), moderate (10–29 days/month, 2–3 times/day; 41 %), and high (30 days/month, ≥4 times/day; 36 %). Relationships among frequency classes and emotional regulation and impulsivity were assessed with a multinomial logistic regression. Results Higher frequency use was associated with greater DD (χ2 = 6.0, p = .05), greater CCM (χ2 = 73.3, p Conclusions Identifying meaningful patterns of cannabis use may improve our understanding of individual differences that increase risk of frequent or problematic cannabis use. Excessive delay discounting and using cannabis to cope with negative affect may be relevant targets for treatments designed to reduce cannabis use.
Don’t forget the flies: dipteran diversity and its consequences for floral ecology and evolution

The attention of the global pollination community has been drawn to food safety and other ecosystem services provided by pollinators, in light of decline in social bee populations. Despite intensified research on bees, recent studies have revealed important contributions of flies to pollination success, reproductive isolation and floral diversification. Diptera is a highly diverse insect order, comprising over 125,000 described species in 110 families and representing a broad spectrum of ecological niches beyond the well-known agricultural pests and blood-feeding vectors of human and animal diseases. Flies are most appreciated as generalized pollinators in alpine habitats (anthomyiids and tachinids) and as specialized pollinators in brood-site deceptive plants that mimic fungi (drosophilids), feces (muscids) or carrion (sarcophagids and calliphorids). Syrphid and bombyliid flies visit many of the same flowers as bees and butterflies do, but with different impacts on plant fitness. Guilds of South African plants have evolved specialized relationships with long-tongued nemestrinid and tabanid flies, thanks to geographic isolation and climatic stability. Studies in Japan highlight the evolution of another plant guild, pollinated by sciarid and mycetophilid fungus gnats, whereas Zygothrica flies (Drosophilidae) pollinate mushroom-like Dracula orchids in Andean cloud forests.