cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AGENTIVE VERBS OF MANNER OF MOTION IN SPANISH AND ENGLISH AS SECOND LANGUAGES

This article presents two experiments that examine the effects of the native language (L1) on the second language (L2) acquisition of argument structure. The linguistic focus is on agentive verbs of directed motion (march, walk) and change-of-state verbs (break, melt) in Spanish and English. Agentive verbs of directed motion undergo a transitivity alternation in English when there is a prepositional phrase (The captain marched the soldiers to the tents) but not in Spanish (*El capitan marcho a los soldados hasta el campamento). Two experiments are reported that examine whether Spanish and Turkish learners of English at the intermediate level undergeneralize the transitivity alternation with manner-of-motion verbs, and whether English learners of Spanish overgeneralize the alternation. In both experiments subjects performed a picture judgment task and a grammaticality judgment task. Results confirmed that the L1 constrains the acquisition of argument structure: There were overgeneralization errors with manner-of-motion verbs in the Spanish study and there were undergeneralization errors with these verbs in the English study. Learnability implications are discussed.
An Application of Infrared Lasers to the Selective Detection of Trace Organic Gases

For molecules possessing a permanent electric dipole moment the Stark effect may be used to perturb the molecular energy levels and to "tune" some absorption lines into coincidence with fixed frequency lasers. The same perturbation may also be used to modulate the absorption and allow the use of sensitive ac detection techniques. In this paper we report quantitative results for four organic gases of industrial importance: vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile, and methanol. All have overlapping absorption bands in the CO2 laser region. Because of the modulation techniques used, the observed signal as a function of electric field is the first derivative of the absorption line profile, and the peak-to-peak intensity of the derivative is the measured analytical signal. The analytical curve is a straight line over several orders of magnitude in concentration. In all cases, parts per million or sub-parts per million concentrations of the gases in air and/or nitrogen have been measured using a CO2 laser. The paper will include a discussion of interferences and selectivity of the technique.
Dual anode contact geometries for x-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy and 3D localization

ABSTRACT We report on the continued development and testing of unique types of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors.Using large volume (10 × 20 × 20 mm 3 ) CZT crystals, we contact variou s dual anode detector designs. Weincorporate a segmented cathode with ve regions so that the charge on all seven contacts can be used todetermine the energy and the 3-D interaction location of detected X-ray and gamma-ray photons. We describethe status of the detector development program, emphasize strengths and weaknesses of the dierent contactcongurations, and discuss possible applications of Dual Anode Detectors in radiation detection applications.Keywords: CZT, X-ray Detector , Contact Geometry 1. INTRODUCTION The high average atomic number ( 50) and room temperature operation of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT)detectors make them desirable for Homeland Security a pplications where high eciency of detecting nuclearartifacts is required, such as a stand o detector at a border crossing. We currently are working to developlarge-volume CZT detectors with few re adout channels by exploring novel contact designs. Such designs presentcertain advantages while avoiding the complications, limitations, and requirements of using the standard contactpatterns.The most common CZT detector designs in use today employ either pixel contacts or a coplanar grid (CPG)for the anode.
Probing dark energy using its density instead of its equation of state

Abstract The variation of dark energy density with redshift, ρ X ( z ) , provides a critical clue to the nature of dark energy. Since ρ X ( z ) depends on the dark energy equation of state w X ( z ) through an integral, ρ X ( z ) can be constrained more tightly than w X ( z ) given the same observational data. We demonstrate this explicitly using current type Ia supernova (SN Ia) data [the Tonry/Barris sample], together with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) shift parameter from CMB data (WMAP, CBI, and ACBAR), and the large scale structure (LSS) growth factor from 2dF galaxy survey data. We assume a flat universe, and use Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique in our analysis. We find that, while w X ( z ) extracted from current data is consistent with a cosmological constant at 68% C.L., ρ X ( z ) (which has far smaller uncertainties) is not. Our results clearly show the advantage of using ρ X ( z ) , instead of w X ( z ) , to probe the variation of dark energy.
Food of Blueback Herring and Threadfin Shad in Jocassee Reservoir, South Carolina

Abstract Threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense and blueback herring Alosa aestivalis were introduced into Jocassee Reservoir, South Carolina, in the early 1970s as prey for large piscivores. To assess the potential for trophic competition between these clupeids, we examined their diets and the extent of diet overlap in May, August, and December 1982 and February 1983. The diet of blueback herring consisted mainly of large species of cladocerans and copepods supplemented in August with Chaoborus punctipennis and young fish. Mean length of the organisms eaten by blueback herring was 1.4 mm. Threadfin shad fed on smaller species of cladocerans and copepods, as well as on rotifers and copepod nauplii. The mean length of the organisms eaten by threadfin shad was 0.4 mm, which differed significantly from the mean length of the zooplankton population in Jocassee Reservoir (0.6 mm). Phytoplankton contributed 24 and 32% of the stomach contents of threadfin shad in August and December. Bosmina longirostris was importan...
Cyclic modulation of semi-active controllable dampers for tonal vibration isolation

The present study examines the potential of using a semi-active controllable damper, whose damping coefficient can be modulated in real time, for tonal vibration isolation applications. A frequency-domain control algorithm is developed for determining the damping coefficient variation (at twice the disturbance frequency) that minimizes the force transmitted to the support at the disturbance frequency. The effectiveness of open-loop, closed-loop, and adaptive controllers in rejecting the transmitted disturbances are evaluated. The results of the study indicate that when limits in damping coefficient variation are considered, the support force could be reduced by about an additional 30%, beyond the levels due to the passive isolation characteristics (no cyclic damping modulation). When the disturbance phase changes during operation, the effectiveness of the open-loop controller is rapidly degraded. While the closed-loop controller (with inputs based on current levels of force transmitted to the support) performed better, there was still some degradation in performance, and transmitted support forces were not reduced to levels prior to the change in disturbance phase. The results show that for the semi-active system to retain its effectiveness in rejecting disturbances, a closed-loop, adaptive controller (with on-line system identification) is required; even when there is only a change in disturbance, and no change in basic system properties. An explanation for this phenomenon, related to the bi-linear nature of the semi-active system, is provided. Cyclic modulations in the damping coefficient were more effective in reducing the transmitted forces at the disturbance frequency than simply reducing the baseline damping coefficient (to improve the passive isolation characteristics).
On Evaluating Development Assistance Projects Some Innovations

The scarcity of development funds, combined with the magnitude of development needs, makes diffusion of innovations a crucial process for less developed countries. We reviewed the diffusion of innovation literature in an attempt to identify a general strategy for identifying diffusion that occurs after the introduction of an innovation. The existing literature provides little guidance for the central problem of where to look for diffusion; this article suggests possible solutions. Prior research has relied heavily on a single data-collection strategy: sample surveys. The article reviews advantages and disadvantages of alternative data-collection strategies.
Electron probe analysis of calcium distribution during active transport in chick chorioallantoic membrane.

Abstract The embryonic chick chorioallantoic membrane actively transports calcium and the transported calcium is compartmentalized or sequestered, since it does not mix completely with calcium already contained within the membrane. Correlated electron probe and electron microscope analysis shows that only certain ectodermal cells of the membrane contain concentrations of calcium. We suggest that these are specialized cells which are specifically involved in trans-epithelial transport of calcium and represent the “compartments” containing the sequestered calcium.
Determining patient preferences in using social media.

Dear Editor, Social media (SoMe) is a group of Internet-based applications that allow individuals to connect and to share information.[1,2] It is estimated by 2015 over 3 billion people worldwide will have social media accounts.[2] Social media is being increasingly used in healthcare. Healthcare providers are now using social media in a number of diverse ways from promoting awareness about cancer screening to providing evacuation routes and shelter locations during natural disasters.[2,3] SoMe stands to be a method to strengthen patient–provider relationships, to engage patients, and to help increase patient's knowledge of medical issues.[4,5] However, there is a dearth of studies examining how patients would like to be engaged using these technologies.[4,5] The objective of this study is to determine patient preference for using social media and to identify perceived barriers to using social media. This pilot study used a descriptive survey design. A 12-item survey will be administered to patients during check in at their primary care doctors’ offices. Question on the survey include question about social media use, preference, and perceived barriers to using social media with their health care providers. Patients of all ages with both acute and chronic illnesses are seen at these clinics. Inclusion criteria will be adult English-speaking patients. Over the course of 4 weeks from mid May 2013 to mid July 2013, the questionnaire was offered to patients at appointment check-in. A consent paragraph was placed on the top portion of the survey. Surveys were completed in the waiting room or exam rooms while waiting to see the provider. The total number of clinic visits for the month was one hundred ninety seven. The total number of survey responses was 72 for a response rate of 36.5% which is comparable to other studies.[1,5] The majority of survey respondents were Caucasian, female, and between the ages of 26 and 40. The majority of survey respondents reported daily use of SoMe. While respondents were split on if they wanted to be able to access their providers on SoMe, 87% of respondents wanted to be able to access their providers through text or email. Respondents felt the most comfortable about using SoMe, text, and email with providers to schedule appointments or referrals, to address general health questions, or to request medication refills. The respondents chose privacy/confidentiality as the most important barrier to using SoMe with their provider. The results of this study show respondents did not want to be able to contact their provider through social media but did want increased access to their provider through other electronic means such as text and emails. Several studies have shown that email communication between providers and patient improve patient satisfaction.[5] Given the growing number of patients using SoMe and the growing demand for health care services, study into new methods to increase access to health care using SoMe is warranted.
Ketoacidosis in pregnancy

Ketoacidosis in pregnancy is uncommon and potentially fatal to both mother and fetus. Fetal mortality rates of 90% have been reported (Ref 1). We present a-case in which a fetus survived two distinct episodes of ketoacidosis which were complicated by pre-eclampsia.
Chronic thrombosis of major pulmonary arteries

Chronic massive thrombosis of major pulmonary arteries, usually described in 0.1% of autopsies, was found in 68 of 7,753 autopsies (0.9%) in our hospital. For comparison, 201 of the 7,753 autopsies (2.6%) revealed acute-massive pulmonary emboli. The 68 cases of chronic thromboses by definition had the right, left, or main pulmonary artery occluded or severely stenosed by organized thrombi. The average age was 67; males predominated 3 to 2. Dyspnea and right heart failure were the most common clinical features, though a correct antemortem diagnosis was rare. Severe lung disease was present in 34 cases (50%); one patient (1%) had mitral stenosis. In the remaining patients, clinical thrombophlebitis had been present in 20 cases (29%), and 13 cases (19%) had no recognized related disease. When the lung disease had prominent laterality, thrombi were invariably located on the side of the most serious disease, implying propagation of smaller thrombi in diseased lung retrograde to major arteries. In bilateral lung disease or in patients without lung disease, thromboses were randomly distributed between right or left sides, suggesting an embolic origin. Assessment of the severity of pulmonary arteriosclerosis and distal arterial patency indicated that most patients could have potentially benefited from surgical thromboendarterectomy. The reason for the high incidence of chronic pulmonary artery thrombosis in our autopsy service has not been elucidated. The effects of high altitude may be important in the pathogenesis, although polycythemia was not excessive in our cases.
Social capital and the neighborhood alcohol environment

We examine whether neighborhood alcohol outlet density is associated with reduced social capital and whether this relationship is mediated by perceived neighborhood safety. Hierarchical models from a random sample of Los Angeles, CA and Louisiana residents (N=2881) from 217 census tracts were utilized. Substantial proportions of the variance in collective efficacy (Intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 16.3%) and organizational participation (ICC=13.8%, Median Odds Ratio = 1.99) were attributable to differences between neighborhoods—suggesting that these factors may be influenced by neighborhood-level characteristics. Neighborhood alcohol outlet density was strongly associated with reduced indicators of social capital, and the relationship between collective efficacy and outlet density appears to be mediated by perceived neighborhood safety. Findings support the concept that off-premise alcohol outlets in the neighborhood environment may hinder the development of social capital, possibly through decreased positive social network expansion.
An Effective Urban Summer School: Students' Perspectives on Their Success.

This study describes and analyzes the experiences of four secondary students during an urban summer school program. In the previous summer, over 90% of program participants passed the state course-end exam, compared to the city Department of Education’s summer school pass rate of less than 36%. The study examines the ways in which different components of the program affected the students’ learning and attitudes. It contrasts the students’ descriptions of their past unsuccessful experiences with how they perceive the summer program. Student claims are contextualized by teacher comments and direct observations. Through analysis of multiple data sets, three themes emerge suggesting that what made the program effective was the inclusion of what students referred to as ‘fun’ learning activities, the focus on student understanding, and mutual respect among the participants and teachers. The critical finding of this study is that students who have failed and been failed in their urban schools can thrive when offered meaningful learning experiences by instructors who believe in their potential to succeed.
The LMFBR Fuel-Design Environment for Endurance Testing, Primarily of Oxide Fuel Elements With Local Faults

The U.S. Department of Energy LMFBR Lines-of-Assurance are briefly stated and local faults are given perspective with an historical review and definition to help define the constraints of LMFBR fuel-element designs. Local-fault-propagation (fuel-element-failure propagation and blockage propagation) perceptions are reviewed. Fuel pin designs and major LMFBR parameters affecting pin performance are summarized. The interpretation of failed-fuel data is aided by a discussion of the effects of nonprototypicalities. The fuel-pin endurances expected in the United States, USSR, France, UK, Japan, and West Germany are outlined. Finally, fuel-failure detection and location by delayed-neutron and gaseous-fission product monitors are briefly discussed to better realize the operational limits.
Phosphorus Adsorption by Ceramic Suction Lysimeters

Ceramic tension lysimeters are often used to sample soil water; however, the chemical composition and adsorption capability of the ceramic cup material may introduce uncertainties in the P concentration of the leachate being sampled. The goal of this study was to test a methodology for evaluating ceramic tension lysimeters to sample soil water containing PO 4 –P. Our results indicated varying chemical composition of the three ceramic materials evaluated (referred to here as Ceramics A, B, and C) with Ceramic A having the greatest P, Al, Ca, Mg, and K concentrations. Phosphorus sorption for Ceramics A and C was best described by the Freundlich isotherm, while the P sorption of Ceramic B was best described by the Langmuir isotherm. Ceramic A accurately estimated solutions of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 20 mg P kg −1 , while Ceramics B and C accurately estimated only the 20 mg P kg −1 solution. Ceramics B and C underestimated the 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg P kg −1 solutions by 23 to 89%. This underestimation of the P concentration was attributed to P adsorption due to the presence of Al, Fe, Ca, and Mg in the ceramics. These findings imply that before ceramic lysimeters are used to collect soil water samples, the effect of the ceramic samplers on the composition of the water sample should be assessed to explore the P concentration range appropriate for a given ceramic lysimeter.
Homology of human T-cell leukaemia virus envelope gene with class I HLA gene

Human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), first isolated in the United States from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma1, is a unique2,3 horizontally transmitted2,4 retrovirus which is highly associated with certain adult T-cell malignancies5–11. Also, HTLV can be transmitted in vitro to cord blood T-lymphocytes8. In the accompanying paper12 it was shown that all T cells producing HTLV, whether cultured from infected persons or infected in vitro, bind a monoclonal antibody (4D12)13 which recognizes an epitope shared by certain cross-reactive class I major histocompatibility antigens. This antigen may account for the extra HLA-A and -B specificities detected in HTLV-infected cells using alloantisera4. Because of the unusual findings of apparently inappropriate HLA antigens in HTLV infected cells, we had previously looked for rearrangement of class I-related genes in HTLV infected cells but failed to find any14. Here, using molecular clones of HTLV and human major histocompatibility antigen DNA, we have shown homology between the envelope gene region of HTLV and the region of an HLA-B locus gene which codes for the extracellular portion of a class I histocompatibility antigen.
Growth and Survival of Rainbow Smelt, and Their Role as Prey for Stocked Salmonids in Lake Champlain

Abstract Estimates of mean length at age and survival of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax captured at night during stepped-oblique midwater trawling in Lake Champlain in 1984–1985 were used to examine the condition of the population before a control program for sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus began. Stomach contents of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, and walleye Stizostedion vitreum were analyzed to assess the role of rainbow smelt as prey. Estimates of mean length at age did not differ among six sampling sites, suggesting there is only one population of rainbow smelt in the study area. Mean length-at-age estimates in 1984–1985 were similar to those observed in 1976 but substantially smaller than those observed in 1929 and 1950. Survival estimates of rainbow smelt in Lake Champlain were similar to those for rainbow smelt in the Great Lakes prior to salmonid stocking programs. Rainbow smelt was the dominant prey species identified in the diets of lake trout, Atlantic salmon, and wa...
Dispersion analysis of printed-circuit tensor impedance surfaces

Dispersion analysis of a printed-circuit tensor impedance surface is presented. The tensor impedance surface consists of a periodic, subwavelength-patterned metallic cladding over a grounded dielectric substrate. It is analytically modeled as a tensor sheet impedance over a grounded dielectric substrate. Its dispersion equation and an expression for the group velocity are found. In addition, a method for extracting the tensor sheet impedance of an arbitrarily patterned metallic cladding using a full-wave solver is reported. By combining the extraction method with the dispersion equation, the full dispersion characteristics of the periodic structure can be analytically predicted within the homogenous limit. The results are verified through full-wave eigenmode simulation.
Comparative in vitro activity of the new quinolone sparfloxacin (CI-978, AT-4140) against nosocomial gram-negative bloodstream isolates.

The in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (CI-978, AT-4140), a new quinolone which is active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and nine other broad-spectrum antibiotics was tested against 128 gram-negative nosocomial bloodstream isolates from separate patients. Sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were among the most potent antibiotics againstEscherichia coli (n=40),Enterobacter cloacae (n=18),Klebsiella oxytoca (n=13), andKlebsiella pneumoniae (n=19), with MIC90 values of ≤ 0.25 µg/ml. Ciprofloxacin was slightly more potent than sparfloxacin againstSerratia marcescens (n=14), the MIC90 values being 0.25 and 1.0 µg/ml respectively, although all strains were susceptible to both agents. Sparfloxacin was slightly less potent than ciprofloxacin againstPseudomonas aeruginosa (n=24), the MIC90 values being 4.0 and 0.5 µg/ml respectively. Overall, the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared favorably with that of ciprofloxacin and the other broad spectrum agents tested against nosocomial gram-negative bloodstream isolates.
Echocardiogram in calcified mitral anulus.

Abstract Calcification of the anulus fibrosus of the mitral valve presents a characteristic pattern on the echocardiogram. This pattern may be mistaken for that of a posteriorly situated pericardial effusion. Two illustrative cases are presented.
On a Tollmien-Schlichting wave packet produced by a turbulent spot

Experimental investigations in the region following the passage of an isolated turbulent spot in a laminar boundary layer reveal the existence of a pair of oblique wave packets. These packets are swept at an angle of approximately 40°, and exhibit frequency and wave speed characteristics in agreement with predictions made for oblique Tollmien-Schlichting waves. No waves exist near the centreline of the spot.Several observations of the breakdown of this ordered motion into a new turbulent spot are shown. This breakdown is accompanied by the appearance of an intense shear layer inclined to the wall.
Plauditus cestus (Provonsha & McCafferty, 1982) (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae): New records from Virginia and the Northwest Territories, with notes on color variation

Plauditus cestus (Provonsha & McCafferty, 1982) is widespread in eastern and central North America. We provide new data from Virginia that fill a gap in the range of distribution and new data from the Northwest Territories that extend the range of the species by over 1900 km to the northwest. The Northwest Territories specimen represents a new larval color variant, with pronounced coloration of abdominal segment 6. We emphasize the need for additional sampling of aquatic habitats in the Far North.
Integrative tracking methods elucidate the evolutionary dynamics of a migratory divide

Migratory divides, the boundary between adjacent bird populations that migrate in different directions, are of considerable interest to evolutionary biologists because of their alleged role in speciation of migratory birds. However, the small size of many passerines has traditionally limited the tools available to track populations and as a result, restricted our ability to study how reproductive isolation might occur across a divide. Here, we integrate multiple approaches by using genetic, geolocator, and morphological data to investigate a migratory divide in hermit thrushes (Catharus guttatus). First, high genetic divergence between migratory groups indicates the divide is a region of secondary contact between historically isolated populations. Second, despite low sample sizes, geolocators reveal dramatic differences in overwintering locations and migratory distance of individuals from either side of the divide. Third, a diagnostic genetic marker that proved useful for tracking a key population suggests a likely intermediate nonbreeding location of birds from the hybrid zone. This finding, combined with lower return rates from this region, is consistent with comparatively lower fitness of hybrids, which is possibly due to this intermediate migration pattern. We discuss our results in the context of reproductive isolating mechanisms associated with migration patterns that have long been hypothesized to promote divergence across migratory divides.
Reclamation of deep mine refuse banks with municipal sewage sludge

Abstract Municipal sludge was applied on a deep mine anthracite refuse bank at rates of 80 and 108 dry Mg/ha to facilitate vegetation establishment. A monitoring system was installed to determine the effects of the sludge applications on the quality and growth of the vegetative cover, chemical properties of the soil, and chemical and bacteriological quality of the groundwater. Data collected over a 5-year period indicate that the addition of sludge improved the physical and chemical condition of the black, highly acidic refuse material and promoted establishment and continued growth of a complete vegetative cover. Sludge applications resulted in slight increases in some trace metal concentrations in the surface soil and in the vegetation. However, soil concentrations were within the normal range found in U.S. soils. Vegetation foliar trace metal concentrations were well below plant tolerance levels and no phytotoxicity symptoms were ever observed. In general, the sludge applications had no significant adverse effect on the chemical or bacteriological quality of groundwater. The results indicate that single applications of stabilized municipal sludge, applied at rates up to 108 dry Mg/ha with lime, can be used in an environmentally safe manner to revegetate coal refuse banks in the Appalachian mining region, with a cover that is self-maintaining for the 5-year period mandated under the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977.
Acute cocaine myocarditis: a word of caution

An otherwise healthy 25-year-old male presented to the Emergency Department with new onset severe retrosternal chest pain. Electrocardiogram demonstrated lateral ST-segment elevations in leads I and AVL with inferior ST-segment depression ( Panel A ). Initial troponin I level was 1.8 ng/mL quickly rising to >200 ng/mL within first 8 h. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries (see Supplementary material online, Video S1 ). Echocardiogram showed regional wall motion abnormalities involving inferolateral segment with moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction …
Personal reflections on cautions and considerations for navigating the path of grounded theory doctoral theses and dissertations: a long walk through a dark forest

Grounded theory (GT) has been a popularly used qualitative research methodology in the social sciences and has become increasingly popular for doctoral theses and dissertations. Yet, issues such as the changing nature of grounded theory, time constraints, theses advisors, doctoral committee procedures and Institutional Review Board regulations create challenges for doctoral candidates (researchers) who choose to use GT for their dissertations. In this paper, we present the general and specific challenges of using GT for doctoral theses and dissertations by sharing our personal experiences from our Ph.D. programmes in the USA. We conclude by providing practical suggestions for doctoral researchers who are considering using GT for their theses and dissertations.
Comment on "Protein Sequences from Mastodon and Tyrannosaurus rex Revealed by Mass Spectrometry"

Asara et al. (Reports, 13 April 2007, p. 280) reported sequencing of Tyrannosaurus rex proteins and used them to establish the evolutionary relationships between birds and dinosaurs. We argue that the reported T. rex peptides may represent statistical artifacts and call for complete data release to enable experimental and computational verification of their findings.
Psychological characteristics such as depression, independent from a known genetic risk factor, increase the risk of developing temporomandibular disorder pain.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Influence of psychological factors on risk of temporomandibular disorders. Slade GD, Diatchenko L, Bhalang K, Sigurdsson A, Fillingim RB, Belfer I, et al. J Dent Res 2007;86(11):1120-5. Level of Evidence Level 1 (Good quality, patient-oriented evidence) Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade B (Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence) Purpose/Question The authors aimed to answer 4 questions: 1. Is sensitivity to standardized noxious stimuli (perceived usually as painful) predictive of TMD risk? 2. What psychological characteristics are associated with pain sensitivity? 3. Are those same psychological characteristics predictive of TMD risk? 4. Is the magnitude of TMD risk associated with those psychological factors attenuated after adjustment for variants of the gene encoding COMT? Source of Funding Multiple grants from the National Institutes of Health, US Government. Type of Study/Design Small Cohort Study
Correct developmental expression of a cloned alcohol dehydrogenase gene transduced into the drosophila germ line

We have used P-element-mediated transformation to introduce a cloned Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene into the germ line of ADH null flies. Six independent transformants expressing ADH were identified by their acquired resistance to ethanol. Each transformant carries a single copy of the cloned Adh gene in a different chromosomal location. Four of the six transformant lines exhibit normal Adh expression by the following criteria: quantitative levels of ADH enzyme activity in larvae and adults; qualitative tissue specificity; the size of stable Adh mRNA; and the characteristic developmental switch in utilization of two different Adh promoters. The remaining two transformants express ADH enzyme activity with the correct tissue specificity, but at a lower level than wild type. These results demonstrate that an 11.8 kb chromosomal fragment containing the Adh gene includes the cis-acting sequences necessary for its correct developmental expression, and that a variety of chromosomal sites permit proper Adh gene function.
Derek Walcott's Omeros and the refiguration of the Caribbean Eden

In his 1992 Nobel lecture, Derek Walcott describes “Antillean art” as the “restoration of our shattered histories, our shards of vocabulary, our archipelago becoming a synonym for pieces broken off from the original continent”. His epical Omeros is a journey‐based and transformative gathering of those pieces, emphasizing the significance of language as an anti‐imperial instrument. Its language reflects the power dynamic that shaped the cultural intersections in the Caribbean as well as embeds the notion of time–space transcendence as an important aspect of the healing process. The trajectory of Omeros includes a projective journey into the future as well as a vital reconnection with the renewing past – Africa in this instance – via language and memory. Significantly, and regardless of Walcott's stated inclination towards extending the “mighty line” of Milton, the source field for healing in Omeros is Africa.
Atypical Spitz tumors: facts and opinions on intranodal melanocytes—reply

I likewise appreciate Dr Urso's comments but cannot agree with them. As I said in my editorial of 2006, appended to his article, one cannot make biological assumptions without having definitive data in hand; to do so clearly violates the principles of evidence-based medicine. As intuitively compelling as intranodal melanocytes may seem in studies of Spitz nevus–like melanocytic lesions, one still cannot know their significance in vacuo without first systematically studying the lymph node basins of patients with classic Spitz nevus. That is not a personal opinion; it is a statement of fact. In reference to the “other facts” cited by Dr Urso as support for his approach (eg, local tumor recurrence), one could, it seems to me, rightly ask why sentinel lymph node biopsy would be necessary for interpretation in such cases. Regrowth of bSpitz nevusQ is unusual indeed and would, by itself, constitute important evidence in favor of a diagnosis of melanoma. Res ipsa loquitur.
pxpx Bonding in silicon compounds. Ehmo and cndo calculations

Abstract Extended Hūckel (EHMO) calculations on the molecule H 2 CSiH 2 (silaethylene) and H 2 SiSiH 2 (disilaethylene) have been performed and the results subjected to a Mulliken population analysis to elucidate the factors responsible for the instability of such molecules. These calculations indicate that the CSi π-bond is exceedingly polar, and that energy mismatching of carbon and silicon p -orbitals is in large part reponsible for the weakness of the π-bond. The relatively high overlap population of the SiSi π-bond suggests that compounds containing such bonds might be amenable to isolation. These conclusions were reinforced by calculating barriers to rotation about the π-bond via EHMO and CNDO methods; the barrier increases in the order CSi 2 H 4 and Si 2 H 4 in which the triplet state of the 90°-twisted molecule has lowest energy, the singlet state of twisted H 2 CSiH 2 is lowest and corresponds to the configuration, H 2 C − Si + H 2 . Although Si d -orbitals strengthen π-bonds by the formation of p - d hybrids, inclusion of d -orbitals in the basis set decreases the rotational barrier by providing greatly increased bonding capabilities in the excited states.
A prospective trial on initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) overexpression and cancer recurrence in node-negative breast cancer.

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) plays a crucial role in translation control. High eIF4E increase in tumor specimens independently predicted recurrence by multivariate analysis. This prospective trial of node-negative only breast cancer patients was initiated to test the hypothesis that high eIF4E increase predicts cancer recurrence and death, independent of nodal status. The trial was powered to detect a 2.4-fold increase in relative risk for cancer recurrence in 240 node-negative patients on the basis of high versus low eIF4E increase in tumor specimens (type I error = .05, statistical power = .08). eIF4E level was quantified by using Western blot test. Treatment and surveillance regimens were standardized. Primary endpoints were cancer recurrence and cancer-related death. Of the 242 patients accrued, 112 were in the low eIF4E group ( 15-fold). Patients in the high eIF4E group had a statistically significant higher rate of cancer recurrence and cancer-related death (P = .0001 and P ≤ .0001, log rank test). The relative risk for cancer recurrence was 2.2-fold higher in the high eIF4E group (P = .001, Cox model), and 3.7-fold higher for cancer-related death (P = .0009). In node-negative breast cancer, high eIF4E increase predicted a higher rate of cancer recurrence and death. High eIF4E patients had a >2-fold increase in relative risk for cancer recurrence and nearly a 4-fold increase in relative risk for death. This supports our hypothesis that high eIF4E is an independent predictor for breast cancer outcome independent of nodal status.
Purification and characterization of an antigen involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation using a monoclonal antibody

In a previous study we described an anti-neutrophil monoclonal antibody, which inhibited human neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation without any detectable effect on phagocytosis or oxidative metabolism (Cotter, T. G., Spears, P. and Henson, P. M., J. Immunol. 1981. 127: 1355). This antibody was termed NCD 1. In this study we determined the number of NCD 1-binding sites per neutrophil. Approximately 25 000 NCD 1 IgG-binding sites per cell were found with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 6.5 microM for antibody binding. NCD 1 Fab bound to approximately 39 000 sites per cell with a Kd of 16.5 microM. Affinity chromatography columns prepared by coupling NCD 1 to Sepharose 4B beads were used to purify the antigen which bound this antibody. The antigen was a 110-kDa glycoprotein which was not susceptible to reduction by 2-mercaptoethanol. The antigen was not internalized following phagocytosis of opsonized sheep erythrocytes by neutrophils.
Nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation becomes independent of β-adrenergic receptor activation with increased intensity of hypoxic exercise

Hypoxic vasodilation in skeletal muscle at rest is known to include β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) release. We previously reported that the augmented skeletal muscle vasodilatio...
LARGE ELECTROCALORIC EFFECT IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS

Organic and inorganic relaxor ferroelectrics used for electrocaloric effect (ECE) applications are introduced. Relaxor ferroelectrics offer several advantages for ECE devices, e.g., infinite states without applying electric field, field-induced large polarization, no-hysteresis of heating and cooling, small-hysteresis polarization loss, room temperature phase transition, and broad temperature range. The ECE in relaxor ferroelectrics under a high electric field can be described using a theory similar to that for first-order phase transition materials. Large ECE was observed directly in high-energy electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF–TrFE)) 68/32 mol% copolymers, P(VDF–TrFE–CFE) (CFE-chlorofluoroethylene) 59.2/33.6/7.2 mol% terpolymers, P(VDF–TrFE–CFE)–P(VDF–CTFE) (CTFE-chlorotrifluoroethylene) 95/5 wt% terpolymer blended films, and (PbLa)(ZrTi)O3 (PLZT) ceramic thin films. ECE reported in Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3 (PST), Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) thin films is also summarized. Finally, the perspective of ECE devices is illustrated.
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea induces A:T to C:G transversion mutations as well as transition mutations in SOS-induced escherichiu coli

The fixation of DNA lesions induced in Escherichia coli by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) occurs by both SOS-dependent and SOS-independent pathways. To determine whether these pathways result in differential processing of ENU-induced lesions, we have analyzed the DNA sequence changes of mutations induced at a plasmid-encoded herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene by ENU treatment of plasmid-bearing RecA- and RecA+ bacteria, and by transformation of RecA-, RecA+ and SOS-induced RecA+ bacteria with ENU-modified plasmid DNA. Transition mutations were the predominant types of base substitution mutations observed for wild-type and RecA- E. coli, consistent with the SOS-independent mispairing of O6-ethylguanine and O4-ethylthymine adducts during DNA replication. Under conditions of SOS processing of ENU lesions, however, we observed the frequent induction of A:T----C:G transversion mutations. The proportion of A:T----C:G transversion mutations (42%) observed after transformation of SOS-induced bacteria with ENU modified DNA was approximately equal to that of the G:C----A:T transitions (46%). The frequencies of these mutations were increased 20- and 5-fold respectively over that observed for non-induced RecA+ cells. We suggest that ethylated DNA lesions which normally block DNA replication can be processed to yield A:T----C:G transversion mutations in SOS-induced E. coli.
Improving risk-based decision making for terrorism applications

How can we best allocate limited defensive resources to reduce terrorism risks? Dillon et al.'s Antiterrorism Risk-Based Decision Aid (ARDA) system provides a useful point of departure for addressing this crucial question by exhibiting a real-world system that calculates risk reduction scores for different portfolios of risk-reducing countermeasures and using them to rank-order different possible risk mitigation alternatives for Navy facilities. This comment points out some potential limitations of any scoring system that does not take into account risk externalities, interdependencies among threats, uncertainties that are correlated across targets, and attacker responses to alternative allocations of defensive resources. In at least some simple situations, allocations based on risk reduction scores and comparisons can inadvertently increase risks by providing intelligent attackers with valuable information, or they can fail to reduce risks as effectively as nonscoring, optimization-based approaches. These limitations of present scoring methods present exciting technical challenges and opportunities for risk analysts to develop improved methods for protecting facilities and infrastructure against terrorist threats.
Thinking About Religion and Science

This chapter explores some of the basic concepts and ideas associated with SETI and sets forth the groundwork for considering how these are related to cultural values. The main goal of the chapters is to consider the difficulties in defining three key terms that are widely used both in relation to SETI and more broadly: science, religion, and culture. The chapter concludes with the point that religion and science are products of culture and of a human desire or need to situate ourselves in our surroundings and understand our place in the universe.
EVALUATION OF HEXAGONAL AND SQUARE GEOMETRIES FOR MOTION-FREE ARRAYED-SOURCE X-RAY MICRO-CT

We perform a simulation study of proposed square and hexagonal geometries multi-source X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) system. The systems are based on dense arrays of microfabricated field-emission X-ray sources which are individually addressable. The hexagonal system has three linear arrays of X-ray sources and three area detectors, forming the six sides of a hexagon. Like the square system proposed previously, the hexagonal system requires no motion of source or subject and the angular sampling for tomography is achieved by flashing the individual sources. An iterative reconstruction algorithm is implemented in both geometries. Using data simulated from a realistic mouse phantom, we demonstrate that both geometries can be effectively reconstructed and the hexagonal system has better performance than the square geometry in terms of limited-angle artifacts, resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio. We conclude that the hexagonal geometry improves performance as compared to the square geometry for motion-free micro-CT
Nonlocal optical properties of an ionic crystal film

Abstract The optical absorption due to bulk vibrational modes in an ionic crystal film is calculated using a nonlocal dielectric function ϵ l (Q, Ω) .
The Effect of Structure on the Thermal Conductivity of Plasma Sprayed Alumina

Plasma sprayed deposits of alumina are normally of the metastable gamma phase, which transforms to alpha upon heating to an elevated temperature. The poor thermal conductivity of gamma phase is improved by transforming to alpha, but the improvement is restricted by the fragmented nature of the structure, a consequence of alpha being a denser phase than gamma. Alpha phase has been reported to form when deposits are made on preheated substrates. It was found that reducing the distance between gun and deposition surface, thereby raising the temperature of the latter, resulted in transforming gamma to alpha, and as the temperature continued to rise, alpha formed directly from the liquid. The thermal conductivity of alpha formed directly from the liquid is 0.27 Watt/cm K at 323 K, which approaches the thermal conductivity given for 99.5% pure, 98% dense, poly-crystalline alpha alumina.
How to help hospitals achieve their mission through good design.

In 2003, Princeton HealthCare System (PHCS) completed a strategic plan that called for replacing its 220-bed acute care hospital—a decision driven by the need to serve a growing and aging population and the demand for new programs, services, technologies, and clinical strategies. As hospitals nationwide undertake similar projects to replace aging facilities, they face many of the same challenges. Various factors must be considered when designing a new hospital. Two significant obstacles to great design exist: First, hospital executives understand the economic and clinical drivers that affect hospital care and financial performance but often lack an appreciation for how design decisions can impact these critical factors. Second, CEOs often delegate oversight to others in the organization. The CEO's direct participation is necessary to ensure that the project reflects the organization's values and strategic and operational objectives. Solutions to address this dilemma include increased use of evidence-based...
MYB98 Is Required for Pollen Tube Guidance and Synergid Cell Differentiation in Arabidopsis

The synergid cells of the female gametophyte play a role in many steps of the angiosperm fertilization process, including guidance of pollen tube growth to the female gametophyte. However, the mechanisms by which the synergid cells become specified and develop their unique features during female gametophyte development are not understood. We identified MYB98 in a screen for Arabidopsis thaliana genes expressed in the female gametophyte. MYB98 is a member of the R2R3-MYB gene family, the members of which likely encode transcription factors. In the context of the ovule, MYB98 is expressed exclusively in the synergid cells, and mutations in this gene affect the female gametophyte specifically. myb98 female gametophytes are affected in two unique features of the synergid cell, pollen tube guidance and the filiform apparatus, but are otherwise normal. MYB98 also is expressed in trichomes and endosperm. Homozygous myb98 mutants exhibit no sporophytic defects, including trichome and endosperm defects. Together, these data suggest that MYB98 controls the development of specific features within the synergid cell during female gametophyte development.