cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visualization of membrane-associated folate transport proteins.

Transport of Methotrexate (MTX) into cells, via the “reduced folate” transport system, is a critical factor in the effectiveness of the drug in cancer chemotherapy, and defective transport is one of the principal types of resistance to MTX. Probes capable of detecting membrane-associated folate transport proteins (ftp's) in individual cells are potentially useful for identifying structural and functional domains and for investigating mechanisms of substrate translocation. Polyclonal antibody to highly purified ftp from Lactobacillus casei, in conjunction with a second, gold-labeled antibody, has been used to visualize, via electron microscopy, the protein in Triton-treated membrane fragments and in the membrane and cytoplasm of spheroplasts. To visualize ftp in L1210 cells, the substrate-binding site was first labeled covalently with activated fluorescein-Methotrexate, and the cells were then treated with anti-fluorescein antibody and the gold-labeled antibody.
Toward PrimoGENI Constellation for Distributed At-Scale Hybrid Network Test

PrimoGENI provides a GENI aggregate interface through which experimenters can launch large-scale network experiments on GENI resources consisting of both simulated network and real instances of network applications directly running on either virtual or physical machines. Real network traffic generated by the network applications can be introduced into the simulated network in real time and be subjected to proper delays and losses according to the simulated network conditions. To leverage the previous PrimoGENI prototype activities, PrimoGENI Constellation is a newly launched project, which will focus specifically on facilitating distributed at-scale hybrid experiments for real-world high-impact applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of the major achievements of PrimoGENI, and more importantly, discuss the ongoing efforts in PrimoGENI Constellation aiming to achieve the full potential of the hybrid network experiment approach. The main thrusts of PrimoGENI Constellation include: 1) supporting at-scale network experiments potentially distributed on different types of GENI resources in accordance with the GENI experiment workflow, 2) focusing on target applications supporting prominent and high-impact future Internet research, and 3) building the user community through extensive education and research training, and online archives of experiment results and user experiences.
Spitzer spectroscopy of 3C radio galaxies and quasars

We are conducting a large survey of Fanaroff-Riley class II radio galaxies and quasars at redshift z < 1 with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. The goal is to determine which radio galaxies contain hidden active nuclei with luminosities comparable to quasars. We find that 40% of the radio galaxies have mid-IR power comparable to quasars of matched radio luminosity. These sources show thermal emission spectra from hot dust and silicate absorption from the dusty torus which blocks the optical nucleus from view. The mid-IR bright radio galaxies also show emission lines, such as [SIV], [NeV], and [NeVI], from gas that is highly ionized by the hidden nucleus. However, 60% of the radio galaxies are relatively weak mid-IR emitters, indicating that they do not contain a hidden, powerful accretion disk. Instead, their jets may be powered by a radiatively inefficient accretion flow or black hole spin.
Combining motion blur and stereo

Computer animation consists of a series of images each taken for a specific point in time. This can create temporal aliasing; motion, especially fast motion, appears discontinuous. Motion blur can be used to prevent a strobing effect and to enhance the perception of motion. Motion blur is commonly achieved by one of the following three methods: stretching the object along the path of motion, stochastic sampling in the time domain, and supersampling over time. When creating stereo images while using stochastic sampling, each eye sees different points on the object at a pixel location over time, creating discrepancies in the left and right views. Supersampling produces images that are averages of several disparate images of the same object, making it difficult to fuse the views. Traditional methods for creating motion blur can therefore produce images with ambiguous depth when combined with stereo. The stretched object method works well with stereo as there is consistency in both views. However, it exaggerates sizes of moving objects and lacks the blurring effect of the sampling methods. Our technique for creating motion blur in stereo is to stretch moving objects and then apply functions to give blurring effects such as transparency or fading.
Separation of rare earths by means of porous glass media

Abstract Dissolved rare earth elements can be separated from each other by passing their solutions through columns loaded with porous silica glasses doped with Group IV additives, in particular, zirconium, and pre-treated with basic reagents such as 2-aminoethanol or NaNO 3 /NH 4 OH. The process appears to involve basicity separation, i.e. separation based on differences in the redissolution pH of various rare earths, with the basic reagent attached to a solid support. The best supports are found to be those which lose all or most of their negative surface charge as the pH is lowered to the range where rare earth hydroxides begin to redissolve.
Invariance and the n-body problem

The classical theorem of E. Noether [l] on invariant variational problems states briefly that if the variational integral is invariant under an infinitesimal group of transformations, then a certain number of identities hold true. Under the additional assumption that the Euler equations for the system are satisfied, these identities reduce to expressions which are constant along the extremals. In different words, the Noether identities lead to conservation laws for the system. In this manner, E. Bessel-Hagen [2] in 1921 applied the Noether theorem using the ten parameter Galilean group to derive the ten conservation laws for the classical n-body problem involving gravitational forces. In this paper we shall consider a type of converse problem, namely how the Noether theorem can be used to deduce the general form of a Lagrangian which has specified invariance properties. In particular, we shall characterize the Lagrangians which possess the same invariance properties under the Galilean group as the Lagrangian for the n-body problem. Interestingly enough, there is a large class of Lagrangians which possess these properties. We shall show in Section 3 that these Lagrangians can be written as the difference between the classical kinetic energy and a scalar potential which depends upon the magnitudes of the relative positions, the magnitudes of the relative velocities, and scalar products between the relative positions and velocities.
Toward an Anthropology of Ingratitude: Notes from Andean Kinship

In this article I examine gratitude and ingratitude as valuable analytical tools for determining how social inequalities inform kinship practices. Accusing one's kin of ingratitude reveals the edges and fault lines of kinship, as well as closely related expectations about what should be given, how it should be given, and how it should be received. As such, this essay follows in an esteemed anthropological tradition of unifying analyses of the gift and of kinship. It argues that expressions of and talk about gratitude and ingratitude closely index dimensions of social relations such as gender, generation, and social class, and simultaneously reveal tensions within kinship relations where duty and obligation are contested. Ethnographic examples are drawn from fieldwork in Ayacucho, a small city in the Peruvian Andes, where informal fostering and the fraught relations between grown children and their aging parents provide two related arenas for expressions of ideas about gratitude and ingratitude. Analyzing these two examples, I argue for gratitude and ingratitude as analytical heuristics, useful to identify and focus upon dimensions of relations understood to fall within the domain of kinship, and potentially useful in other settings as well.
The carotid siphon: a historic radiographic sign, not an anatomic classification.

Background After the term carotid siphon was introduced by Moniz in 1927 to describe the radiographic appearance of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA), the concept gained popularity in decades following in both the anatomic and the medical literature. However, as conflicting definitions persist in the delineation of proximal and distal sites, does the term carotid siphon provide the precision needed for current anatomic and clinical studies? Methods A PubMed search of "carotid siphon" detected >400 articles from the anatomic and medical literature during the past 6 decades. Moniz's text and figures in his original Lancet article and a compilation of other seminal historical articles and references were reviewed to trace the use of the term carotid siphon during this period. Results Viewing the radiographic silhouette of a normal ICA, Moniz defined the carotid siphon as the series of bends and curves; an additional curvature was identified as a double siphon . Throughout Moniz's works, in text and figures, the boundaries of the carotid siphon were never delineated. Authors who followed attempted to correlate his original description of this two-dimensional radiographic projection with anatomic documentation. Conclusions Tracing the origin and usage of the term carotid siphon during 6 decades in the medical literature shows continued discrepancy rather than consensus. The term carotid siphon is historically relevant but can now be supplanted by definitive ICA classification systems, which continue to evolve in contemporary medical and anatomic communications.
Instrumental social support, material hardship, personal control and neglectful parenting

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test pathways from perceived instrumental social support to neglectful parenting with two mediating variables-material hardship and personal control. I used a subsample of mothers (n = 2910) who participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study (FFCW) from the birth of their children through age 5. The model fits the data well and the findings supported the proposed pathways among variables. Perceived instrumental social support decreased material hardship and increased personal control. Decreased material hardship and increased personal control in turn decreased neglectful parenting. Decreased material hardship also increased personal control. The study's findings contribute to the design and evaluation of social support prevention programs for child neglect.
Enhanced sympathetic activity in mice with brown adipose tissue transplantation (transBATation)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns calories to produce heat, and is thus relevant to energy balance. Interscapular BAT (IBAT) of donor mice was transplanted into recipient mice (transBATation). To test whether transBATation counteracts high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, some sham-operated and recipient mice were fed a HFD (HFD-sham, HFD-trans) while others remained on a standard chow (chow-sham, chow-trans). HFD-trans mice had lower body weight and fat and greater energy expenditure, but similar caloric intake compared with HFD-sham mice. We hypothesized that HFD-trans mice had elevated sympathetic activity compared with HFD-sham mice, contributing to increased energy expenditure and fuel mobilization. This was supported by findings that HFD-trans mice had greater energy expenditure during a norepinephrine challenge test and higher core temperatures after cold exposure than did HFD-sham mice, implicating enhanced whole-body metabolic response and elevated sympathetic activity. Additionally, transBATation selectively increased sympathetic drive to some, but not all, white adipose tissue depots and skeletal muscles, as well as the endogenous IBAT, heart, and liver. Collectively, transBATation confers resistance to HFD-induced obesity via increase in whole-body sympathetic activity, and differential activation of sympathetic drive to some of the tissues involved in energy expenditure and fuel mobilization.
Oxygen inhibition in the decomposition of NO on metal oxides and platinum

Abstract The decomposition of NO has been studied in a flow reactor on oxides of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zirconium as well as on supported platinum at 780–960 Torr between 450 and 1000 °C. The inlet gas contained from 1.5 to 15% NO and from 0 to 5% O 2 . The exit gas was analyzed for NO, N 2 , O 2 , and N 2 O. Above 450 °C, N 2 and O 2 were the only products. For all catalysts, the reaction was first order with respect to NO, and O 2 had a strong inhibiting effect. From the kinetics, it appears that oxygen inhibition is due to equilibrated chemisorption of oxygen on sites required for the rate-determining process of NO chemisorption.
Does elemental mercury exist in the workplace

Elemental mercury can exist at sites undergoing decontamination and decommissioning operations from instruments containing mercury, mercury vacuum pumps, chemical operations, electrical components, and pharmaceutical production. Elemental mercury has been known to be a severe health hazard. Recent studies, utilizing more sensitive methods, are able to detect subclinical effects from mercury exposure at lower concentrations than in past studies. Precautions must be taken if elemental mercury may be present in the workplace.
Modeling of interfacial phenomena in welding

Analyse de l'influence des phenomenes interfaciaux sur les caracteristiques du metal fondu en soudage (ecouelement de chaleur, ecoulement du metal)
Plasmid incidence in marine bacteria isolated from petroleum polluted sites on different petroleum hydrocarbons

Abstract Oil-degrading bacteria isolated from oil spills, an industrial bay, and an offshore oil field by liquid enrichment on crude oils and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were screened for extra-chromosomal DNA. Plasmids were detected in 21% of the strains isolated on whole crude oil and in 17% of the strains isolated on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Multiple plasmids were observed in 50% of the plasmid-containing strains. Pseudomonas was the predominant genus isolated during the study. Plasmids do not appear to be of importance to these strains during degradation of freshly introduced oil at a nonpolluted site such as might be the case in an ocean oil spill. Plasmids do appear to be significant in the adaptation of Pseudomonas species to chronic petroleum pollution.
On equipotential areas and directional singularities

Abstract It is shown that for the class of Weyl gravitational fields generated by the Newtonian potential of a finite rod, the areas of equipotential surfaces converging on the coordinate location of the singularity become non-zero only when the singularity has directional properties.
Involving Students in Violence Prevention: Anonymous Reporting and the Need to Promote and Protect Confidences.

Researchers queried school counselors throughout the United States 2 months prior to and 2 months following the April 1999 Columbine (CO) High School shootings. The counselors were asked whether or not they would breach a student's confidentiality in 26 specific scenarios. The "before" and "after" groups were demographically similar but differed significantly in their predictions as to whether or not they would breach confidentiality. Resultsfrom two focus groups on school violence prevention provide recommendations for principals and other educators to facilitate student disclosures to trusted adults and to encourage anonymous reporting.
EFFECT OF RADIANT HEAT ON THE METABOLIC COST OF POSTOPERATIVE SHIVERING

Hypothermia and postoperative shivering are uncomfortable and may be dangerous. This study demonstrates that postoperative shivering may be controlled quickly and effectively with radiant heat, thereby reducing oxygen consumption and increasing thermal comfort
The special sensitivity of white-collar offenders to prison: A critique and research agenda

Abstract Due to their class backgrounds and lack of experience with the criminal justice system, white-collar offenders are thought to be specially sensitive to imprisonment. Despite the widespread acceptance of this view, incarcerated white-collar criminals have never been closely studied by criminologists, penologists, or sociologists. In this article, a wide body of theory and research is used to argue against the special sensitivity view. Specifically, the article contends that research on adjustment to prison life as well as research on the relationships between class and personality and vulnerability to stress suggests that advantaged offenders possess personalities and social resources sufficient to enable them to cope with some forms of incarceration. The article concludes by outlining a research agenda to investigate the special sensitivity thesis.
Environmental variation in the monoterpenes of Pinus monticola dougl.

Abstract The concentrations of five monoterpenes in western white pine cortex oleoresin were measured by gas-liquid chromatography to determine how they vary with respect to certain environmental factors. Position on the tree, relative to the sun, and small differences in tissue age are both shown to have a predictable but small effect on terpene levels relative to genetic effects. Large differences in the age of tissues sampled within a single tree result in strikingly different patterns of terpene composition. The repeatabilities or intraclass correlations of monoterpene concentrations in western white pine are high. Genotypically identical plants (clones) growing in three diverse environments in Idaho show negligible differences in monoterpene levels, indicating that monoterpene concentration is quite stable with respect to many environmental factors. The data show that oleoresin from young, foliage-bearing tissue probably gives the most accurate measure of genotypic values for terpene concentrations.
Assessing Impact of Service-Learning Project on Older, Isolated Adults in Rural America

ABSTRACT With help from a grant from the Corporation for National Service, service learning was infused into four classes of a graduate gerontology course, Aging Well. Thirty-one students were paired with 31 older adults for a period of up to twenty hours. The impact on the emotional and social wellness of the older adults was assessed through student journals, electronic e-mail reflection, and the administration of a survey to older adults. A quantitative assessment of the older adults was attempted using the Life Satisfaction in the Elderly Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Analysis indicated that the service provided to the older adult had a positive impact on their emotional and social wellness.
The triplet state IR spectrum of matrix-isolated anthracene

Abstract The lowest triplet state infrared spectrum of matrix-isolated anthracene between 1650 and 550 cm−1 is reported. The seven triplet state bands were tentatively assigned based on frequency proximity to ground state absorptions and comparisons with triplet state features in similar molecules.
A choice of radionuclide: Comparative outcomes and toxicity of ruthenium-106 and iodine-125 in the definitive treatment of uveal melanoma

Purpose: Both iodine-125 ( 125 I) Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study and ruthenium-106 ( 106 Ru) eye plaques can achieve excellent tumor control in patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma. We analyzed our single institutional experience in the management of ocular melanoma treated with either 125 Io r 106 Ru plaque brachytherapy. Methods and materials: The records of 107 patients with uveal melanoma treated with either 106 Ru (n = 40) or 125 I (n = 67) plaque brachytherapy between 2000 and 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor control parameters and toxicity were assessed. Results: Actuarial 5-year rates of local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival with 106 Ru were 97%, 94%, and 92%, respectively. For 125 I, these values were 83%, 65%, and 80%. In the subset of patients with tumor apex height ≤5 mm (36 125 I and 40 106 Ru), there was no difference in overall survival; however, progression-free survival was significantly improved with 106 Ru (P = .02). Enucleation-free survival was significantly different between the 2 subsets, with no enucleations in the 106 Ru cohort (P = .02). Patients treated with 106 Ru experienced reduced
Myositis in a child with murine typhus

A 12-year-old boy presented with fever, lower extremity pain and weakness. Examination revealed paraparesis, thigh and calf tenderness. Labs showed high creatinine phosphokinase and Rickettsia typhi titers. This case illustrates endemic typhus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myositis especially in areas with high prevalence of the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of myositis and paraparesis associated with a case of murine typhus.
Comparison of S, Pt, and Hf adsorption on NiAl(1 1 0)

Abstract First-principles periodic slab density-functional theory (DFT) calculations with a plane-wave basis are used to predict the properties of S, Pt, and Hf adsorption on NiAl(1 1 0). Stable adsorption sites are identified, and adsorbate binding energies and structures are predicted. We find that while S adsorbs in a threefold site, the metals prefer to adsorb in the Ni–Ni twofold bridge site. The latter finding is consistent with scanning tunneling microscopy experiments for adsorption of various transition metals on NiAl(1 1 0) by Ho and coworkers. S is predicted to easily diffuse between threefold sites. We find that Pt and Hf both induce significant changes in the local surface structure, changing twofold bridge sites into fourfold coordination sites by drawing next-nearest-neighbor atoms nearly equidistant with the nearest-neighbor atoms. We find Pt favors interaction with Al slightly more than Ni, while Hf shows a particularly strong affinity for Ni compared to Al. We also predict that Hf may diffuse one-dimensionally along Ni rows with a barrier of ≈0.6 eV.
Effects of risperidone on dopamine receptor subtypes in developing rat brain

Levels of ionotropic glutamate (Glu) N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA), 2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA), and kainic acid (KA) receptors in forebrain regions of juvenile rats (age 42 days) were quantified after 3 weeks of treatment with three different doses of risperidone (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) and compared findings to those in adult rats treated with risperidone (3.0 mg/kg/day) previously. Risperidone (at 0.3 mg/kg/day) did not alter levels of three ionotropic Glu receptors in all brain regions examined. Risperidone (at 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased NMDA binding in caudate-putamen of juvenile and adult animals. In contrast, the same two doses of risperidone decreased NMDA receptors in nucleus accumbens of juveniles and not adults. Risperidone (at 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg/day) increased AMPA receptors in medial prefrontal cortex and caudate-putamen of juvenile animals, whereas risperidone (at 3.0 mg/kg) increased AMPA receptors in caudate-putamen and hippocampus of adults. Kainate receptors were not altered by any dose of risperidone in any brain region examined in developing and mature animals. The findings indicate that risperidone exerts dose-dependent effects on Glu receptor subtypes in developing animals, and that Glu receptor responses to repeated administration of risperidone are different in juvenile animals than adults.
The arrangement of subunits in flagellar fibers

On the basis of high resolution electron micrographs of the fibers of flagella and basal body of Chlamydomonas reinhardi, it is proposed that these fibers are composed of near-spherical subunits of about 45 A diameter, probably a protein of about 40,000 molecular weight, and that these subunits are arranged in straight longitudinal arrays. As with microtubules, these fibers appear to have 13 subunits per subfiber when viewed in cross section, with doublet and triplet subfibers sharing 3 or 4 subunits in a common wall. This model correlates well with published evidence from biochemical analysis and negatively stained preparations. The structural similarities between ciliary and flagellar fibers, bacterial flagella, and other structures concerned with motility are also noted.
Postural stabilization by gripping a stick with different force levels

Abstract Hand contact with a stationary surface reduces postural sway in healthy individuals even when the level of force applied is mechanically insufficient. To make this phenomenon more applicable to a real-life situation, where a stationary support is not available, a mobile stick was used to measure and control grip force. The effect of a supra-postural task of stick gripping on stability was tested in 18 healthy individuals during quiet standing, standing in semi-tandem, and with eyes closed. Subjects stood either holding no haptic stick, or gripping with one of six force levels ranging from 1 to 9 N and a self-selected force in the same range. The path length and velocity of the center of pressure (COP) were measured and compared within and between experimental conditions. Gripping the stick reduced the COP path length and velocity by up to 23% and 25%, respectively, and postural stability was increased at all force levels, including self-selected. The results confirmed the stabilizing effects of gripping an external portable object regardless of the amount of force applied. This knowledge may be useful for counseling people on prevention of stability loss in real life situations where balance is challenged.
Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b have overlapping and distinct functions in hematopoietic stem cells

Epigenetic regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensures lifelong production of blood and bone marrow. Recently, we reported that loss of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a results in HSC expansion and impaired differentiation. Here, we report conditional inactivation of Dnmt3b in HSCs either alone or combined with Dnmt3a deletion. Combined loss of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b was synergistic, resulting in enhanced HSC self-renewal and a more severe block in differentiation than in Dnmt3a-null cells, whereas loss of Dnmt3b resulted in a mild phenotype. Although the predominant Dnmt3b isoform in adult HSCs is catalytically inactive, its residual activity in Dnmt3a-null HSCs can drive some differentiation and generates paradoxical hypermethylation of CpG islands. Dnmt3a/Dnmt3b-null HSCs displayed activated β-catenin signaling, partly accounting for the differentiation block. These data demonstrate distinct roles for Dnmt3b in HSC differentiation and provide insights into complementary de novo methylation patterns governing regulation of HSC fate decisions.
Submillimeter wave detector workshop

A brief report on the results of a workshop concerning submillimeter wave detection held September 34, 1985.
A Procedure for Optimal Stepwise MSAE Regression Analysis

This paper brings together two topics from regression analysis. One is the topic of stepwise regression, a set of commonly used procedures for exploring alternative formulations of the regression model. The other topic is regression by minimizing the sum of the absolute errors about the regression line MSAE. This technique has been found, in a variety of circumstances, to be more attractive than the traditional least-squares method. The paper presents a procedure for selecting from among m regressors the best sets of k, k + 1, ' and m regressors according to the MSAE criterion k â¦ m. Building upon the well known linear-programming formulation of the MSAE problem, the paper develops a partial enumerative search scheme, in which a set of distinct, but related, combinatorial optimization problems corresponding to determination of "best k," "best k + 1," etc. are, in effect, solved simultaneously.
Monitoring stress in captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): behavioral and hormonal responses to ambient noise

Anthropogenic noise may impact captive breeding programs for endangered species. We recorded ambient noise and monitored potential behavioral and hormonal indices of stress in two captive giant pandas for 4 years. Statistical analyses were conducted for each individual separately, which allowed us to generalize only to these two animals. These preliminary findings indicate that ambient noise can have long-lasting effects on stress indices. Days characterized by louder levels of noise were associated with increased locomotion, restless manipulation of the exit door of the enclosure, increased scratching and vocalizations indicative of agitation, and/or increased glucocorticoids excreted in urine. These general effects were modulated by several factors: 1) Brief loud noise evoked behavioral distress, but not pituitary-adrenal activation. More chronic, moderate-amplitude noise was associated with higher levels of glucocorticoids. 2) Some responses were frequency-dependent, with loud low-frequency noise having the greatest impact. 3) Female reproductive condition interacted significantly with noise amplitude for all behavioral measures, with stronger effects for the loudest acute noises. The female appeared especially sensitive to noise during estrus and lactation, and less so during pregnancy/pseudopregnancy and nonreproductive periods. Despite these statistical effects, we found no compelling evidence that these adjustments indicate substantive detrimental effects on well-being or reproduction. Nonetheless, careful monitoring of giant pandas and other captive-held species is advisable, especially during reproductively sensitive periods such as implantation and birth. Zoo Biol 23:147-164, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On a theory of elliptic functions based on the incomplete integral of the hypergeometric function \({_{2}}F_{1}(\frac{1}{4},\frac{3}{4};\frac{1}{2};z)\)

Using the properties of conformal mappings and differential equations, we develop a class of elliptic functions associated with the hypergeometric function ${_{2}}F_{1}(\frac{1}{4},\frac{3}{4};1;z)$ . A detailed comparison is made with the classical Jacobi elliptic functions. Within the frame work of this theory, we provide a proof and new insight into a set of identities of Ramanujan associated with the above hypergeometric function.
Electrolysis-enhanced anaerobic digestion of wastewater.

Abstract This study demonstrates enhanced methane production from wastewater in laboratory-scale anaerobic reactors equipped with electrodes for water electrolysis. The electrodes were installed in the reactor sludge bed and a voltage of 2.8–3.5 V was applied resulting in a continuous supply of oxygen and hydrogen. The oxygen created micro-aerobic conditions, which facilitated hydrolysis of synthetic wastewater and reduced the release of hydrogen sulfide to the biogas. A portion of the hydrogen produced electrolytically escaped to the biogas improving its combustion properties, while another part was converted to methane by hydrogenotrophic methanogens, increasing the net methane production. The presence of oxygen in the biogas was minimized by limiting the applied voltage. At a volumetric energy consumption of 0.2–0.3 Wh/L R , successful treatment of both low and high strength synthetic wastewaters was demonstrated. Methane production was increased by 10–25% and reactor stability was improved in comparison to a conventional anaerobic reactor.
A Pattern Recognition Approach for Manufacturing Facility Compaction by Machining Function Combination Using Flexible Manufacturing Modules

Facility layout and flexible automation are two approaches for reduction of material handling costs and space requirements in a machining facility that have always been implemented independently of each other This paper describes an integrated approach to compaction of existing machining facilities using machine grouping algorithms and multifunction machining centers, also referred to as Flexible Machining Modules (FMMs). First, we decompose a facility into a network of layout modules to reduce product travel distances and simplify material flow control. Then, subject to design feasibility, we identify those sets of machines in each module that could be replaced by multi-function FMMs that could be linked into a Flexible Machining System (FMS). The proposed approach uses a combination of pattern recognition and graph theory algorithms utilized for facility layout. The paper concludes with a description of a validation study conducted in an aerospace machining jobshop.
The child's choice: an essential component in treatment decisions

Asking children for their opinions about and input into treatment decisions is an idea whose time has come. One way to implement this notion with school-aged children and adolescents is through the Participation in Treatment Decisions Model. This model is based on a child's rights and recognizes the varying levels of cognitive development and competency in children. Health professionals have a responsibility to be advocates for child patients, to protect their interests, values, and rights, and to include them in decisions affecting their health.
Sex differences in stimulus expectancy and pharmacologic effects of a moderate dose of alcohol on smoking lapse risk in a laboratory analogue study.

Rationale Alcohol use is often implicated in initial lapses to smoking during quit smoking attempts. Mechanisms explaining this association are unknown but could include (a) learned associations between drinking and smoking or (b) direct pharmacologic effects of alcohol.
The Burning of Heorot

Our knowledge about the burning of Heorot, the royal hall of the Danes built by King Hrothgar, comes from only one source, lines 81b-85 of Beowuif. Not only because of the information there but also because of the curious way it is revealed and the scholarly ingenuity required to detect it, this short passage is of exceptional interest. The text of the passage, as it appears in Klaeber's edition,' is as follows:
Psychological Components of Sustainable Peace: An Introduction

The purpose of The Psychological Components of a Sustainable Peace, a book edited by Peter Coleman and Morton Deutsch (Coleman and Deutsch 2012), is to enhance understanding of sustainable peace by supplementing the standard approach of studying the prevention of destructive conflict, violence, war and injustice with the equally important investigation of the promotion of the basic conditions and processes conducive to lasting peace. For in addition to addressing the pervasive realities of oppression, violence and war, peace requires us to understand and envision what alternatives we wish to construct. Recognizing the ultimate need for multidisciplinary frameworks to best comprehend and foster sustainable peace, we hoped to elicit what contemporary psychology might have to contribute to such a framework. This chapter provides a brief historical and conceptual context for the many fine scholarly chapters that follow in The Psychological Components of a Sustainable Peace (Coleman and Deutsch 2012).
Experience, Expertise, and Teaching Effectiveness with Mainstreamed and Nondisabled Children in Physical Education

Teaching effectiveness with elementary level mainstreamed and nondisabled children was analyzed from the perspective of teacher experience and expertise. There were three analyses: (a) experienced (12.6 yrs) versus less experienced (2.3 yrs) teachers, n=10 each, (b) expert (met 4 of 5 criteria) versus nonexpert (met no criteria) teachers, n=5 each, and (c) expert (met 4 of 5 criteria) versus experienced (no criteria, similar experience) teachers, n=4 each. Classes were matched on activities. Teaching effectiveness was evaluated by analysis of how the teacher allocated class time and how time was spent by the student. Specifically, motor appropriate, on- and off-task data were collected on one mainstreamed and one nondisabled student from each class. Results indicated that teacher behavior differed little as a function of either experience or expertise. Mainstreamed students were significantly less motor appropriate and more off-task than nondisabled students, and neither experience nor expertise significa...
CRF/NPY interactions: a potential role in sleep dysregulation in depression and anxiety.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has neuromodulatory actions on multiple brain functions including endocrine, behavioral, and circadian processes and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both anxiety and depression. Behavioral studies suggest that NPY is a potent anxiolytic, whereas CRF is anxiogenic, thus it seems that a balance of these two peptides may exert important influences on behavioral state regulation. However, little is known about how the NPY/CRF balance affects general arousal, attention, and/or sleep states. The present study evaluated the effects of CRF alone, and co-administered with NPY, on spontaneous brain activity as well as on auditory processing using electrophysiological measures. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained in rats following intracerebroventricular administration of CRF (0.5 μg) and CRF (0.5 μg)/NPY (5.0 or 15 μg). Auditory processing, as assessed by ERPs, was affected most significantly in the frontal cortex where CRF produced increases in the N1 and P3 components of the ERP, and NPY/CRF co-administration produced significant decreases. These data are consistent with a role for CRF in hyperarousal, and further suggest that NPY may be capable of reversing such states. Administration of CRF also produced a significant increase in the time to sleep onset and a decrease in the amount of time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as quantified by scoring the EEG paper records. Co-administration of NPY with CRF reversed the effects of CRF on sleep duration and sleep onset in a dose-dependent fashion. Spectral analysis revealed that CRF produced quantitative changes in the EEG that were similar to what has previously been reported. CRF-induced increases in fast frequency activity were found to be reversed by co-administration of NPY. Taken together these data suggest that “dysregulation” of sleep and arousal states in depression and anxiety may be consistent with an upset of the balance between hypothalamic neuropeptide systems. Depression and Anxiety 6:1–9, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Motivations for Success: Case of U.S. Textile and Apparel Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have been playing an important role in the U.S. economy for a long time. The contribution of SMEs to the textile and apparel industry has been intensified...
Some Aspects of the Endocrine Profile and Management of Hormone-Dependent Male Breast Cancer

The management of hormone-dependent male breast cancer is insufficiently understood by practicing oncologists. This article provides a review of the endocrine profile of male breast cancer, and outlines the differences between hormone-dependent female and male breast cancers. A concise review of the past, present, and possible future management of hormone-dependent male breast cancer is presented. For a better understanding of this disease, more information on the natural history and biological behaviors of patients with male breast cancer is needed. This could be accomplished by the development of a specific multi-institutional tumor registry and execution of prospective clinical trials.
Human tracking in multiple cameras

Multiple cameras are needed to cover large environments for monitoring activity. To track people successfully in multiple perspective imagery, one needs to establish correspondence between objects captured in multiple cameras. We present a system for tracking people in multiple uncalibrated cameras. The system is able to discover spatial relationships between the camera fields of view and use this information to correspond between different perspective views of the same person. We employ the novel approach of finding the limits of field of view (FOV) of a camera as visible in the other cameras. Using this information, when a person is seen in one camera, we are able to predict all the other cameras in which this person will be visible. Moreover, we apply the FOV constraint to disambiguate between possible candidates of correspondence. We present results on sequences of up to three cameras with multiple people. The proposed approach is very fast compared to camera calibration based approaches.
Reporter Alleles that Inform on Differences in Cre Recombinase Expression

Alleles that express reporters after Cre recombination allow for fate-mapping studies when used in combination with appropriate cre alleles. In this study, we describe two fluorescent reporter alleles that differentially mark populations of cells as a function of their level of expression of Cre recombinase. Mice carrying these alleles were generated and used to demonstrate the usefulness of the reporter alleles for informing on prior Cre recombinase expression in lymphocytes. The alleles expand the range of genetic tools available for understanding how differences in gene expression result in divergent developmental fates during the development and differentiation of lymphocytes and other cells.
Enhancing capacity for emergency evacuation through resource matching and coordinated volunteerism

Many disaster-related large-scale evacuations occur each year, however, most local governments do not have the necessary resources, training or plans to transport individuals without a personal automobile out of a disaster zone. An analysis of previous research suggests that this risk could be addressed by a volunteer-supported, community-based disaster organization coordinating regional multi-modal transportation resources for disaster response. This study introduces and tests the idea of a Transportation Reserve Corps (TRC) by refining its objectives and functions while assessing its value and feasibility. Due to an assortment of potential challenges, a TRC as proposed may not be suitable or sustainable in all geographic or political contexts. Key challenges and other considerations are detailed and synthesized to yield key action steps for further inquiry. This research asserts that, if properly organized, a TRC could be an effective means of evacuating those who cannot self-evacuate during an emergency. Keywords: Multi-modal transportation planning, coordinated volunteerism, emergency evacuation, disaster response, disaster preparedness, carless households
The Effectiveness of International Arbitration and Adjudication: Getting Into a Bind

Scholars and policymakers argue that the bias of a third party affects its ability to resolve conflicts. In an investigation of international territorial claims, however, we find that the conflict management technique is much more important for ending disputes than a third party’s level of bias. Binding third-party mechanisms (arbitration and adjudication) more effectively end territorial claims than other conflict management techniques because they provide legality, increased reputation costs, and domestic political cover. The characteristics of the third party, on the other hand, have no effect on the success of a settlement attempt. Bias plays only an indirect role in conflict resolution, as territorial rivals generally turn to unbiased intermediaries to broker binding negotiations. We conclude that impartial third-party conflict management does not directly lead to successful negotiations. Rather, disputants favor unbiased third parties to broker the types of talks most likely to end international dis...
The reliability of a practical Ga 1-x Al x As laser device

A GaAlAs DH-laser hybrid device is described that compensates for temperature variations and laser degradation. Lifetesting in a 55°C ambient for over a year yields a projected room-temperature median lifetime of 6 \times 10^{5} h. Lasers having no aluminum in the active layer have a median lifetime 70 times smaller.
Learning robot motion control with demonstration and advice-operators

As robots become more commonplace within society, the need for tools to enable non-robotics-experts to develop control algorithms, or policies, will increase. Learning from demonstration (LfD) offers one promising approach, where the robot learns a policy from teacher task executions. Our interests lie with robot motion control policies which map world observations to continuous low-level actions. In this work, we introduce advice-operator policy improvement (A-OPI) as a novel approach for improving policies within LfD. Two distinguishing characteristics of the A-OPI algorithm are data source and continuous state-action space. Within LfD, more example data can improve a policy. In A-OPI, new data is synthesized from a student execution and teacher advice. By contrast, typical demonstration approaches provide the learner with exclusively teacher executions. A-OPI is effective within continuous state-action spaces because high level human advice is translated into continuous-valued corrections on the student execution. This work presents a first implementation of the A-OPI algorithm, validated on a Segway RMP robot performing a spatial positioning task. A-OPI is found to improve task performance, both in success and accuracy. Furthermore, performance is shown to be similar or superior to the typical exclusively teacher demonstrations approach.
Novel applications of carbon isotopes in atmospheric CO 2 : what can atmospheric measurements teach us about processes in the biosphere?

Abstract. Conventionally, measurements of carbon isotopes in atmospheric CO2 (δ13CO2) have been used to partition fluxes between terrestrial and ocean carbon pools. However, novel analytical approaches combined with an increase in the spatial extent and frequency of δ13CO2 measurements allow us to conduct a global analysis of δ13CO2 variability to infer the isotopic composition of source CO2 to the atmosphere (δs). This global analysis yields coherent seasonal patterns of isotopic enrichment. Our results indicate that seasonal values of δs are more highly correlated with vapor pressure deficit (r = 0.404) than relative humidity (r = 0.149). We then evaluate two widely used stomatal conductance models and determine that the Leuning Model, which is primarily driven by vapor pressure deficit is more effective globally at predicting δs (RMSE = 1.6‰) than the Ball-Woodrow-Berry model, which is driven by relative humidity (RMSE = 2.7‰). Thus stomatal conductance on a global scale may be more sensitive to changes in vapor pressure deficit than relative humidity. This approach highlights a new application of using δ13CO2 measurements to validate global models.
Event-Oriented Data Models and Temporal Queries in Transaction-Time Databases

Past research on temporal databases has primarily focused on state-based representations and on relational query language extensions for such representations. This led to many different proposals that had did not succeed in making a significant impact on SQL-compliant DBMS.More recently however, there has been significant interest and progress on event sequences,leading to vendor-proposed extensions of SQL standards for pattern queries based on Kleene-closure expressions.In this paper, we first outline these extensions and their uses in dealing with sequence of events, and then show that they can also be used effectively to express more traditional temporal queries, such as coalescing and joins, on state-based representations.Thus, we propose an approach that takes full advantage of the fact that every state-based representation also has a dual representation based on its start-event and its end-event.