cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum‐Mechanical Study of Rotational and Vibrational Transitions in CO Induced by H Atoms

We report rate coefficients for rotational and vibrational transitions in CO induced by H atoms using quantum-mechanical scattering calculations and the H-CO interaction potential of Keller et al. We use the infinite-order sudden approximation for vibrational transitions and the close-coupling method for rotational transitions. Rate coefficients are presented for temperatures 5 K < T < 3000 K. Differences of a factor of 30 are found for rate coefficients for low temperatures below 100 K compared to earlier results of Green and Thaddeus. The discrepancies are attributed to the differences in the details of the interaction potentials, especially the long-range part to which the low-temperature rate coefficients are most sensitive. There is good spectroscopic evidence that the potential-energy surface employed here reproduces the resonance energies and widths of the HCO system better than any previously available HCO interaction potentials.
OOTW impact analysis

The conduct of Operations Other Than War (OOTWs) has become an extremely important part of the US military's responsibility since the end of the Cold War. The factors that influence success and failure in OOTWs are economic, political, sociological, cultural, and psychological factors more often than they are military factors. This paper explores the need for impact analysis support tools, provides a description of the required elements of such tools, and recommends a formal process for creating OOTW impact analysis tools.
Wheat starch effects on the textural characteristics of puffed brown rice cakes

ABSTRACT A process was described for creating puffed wheat starch based or hybrid starch and rice snack foods processed in a rice cake puffing machine. Puffed cakes consisting of wheat starch and whole grain brown rice, created by mixing wheat starch beads with brown rice before processing and puffing for 10 sec (cooking time) at 210°C, exhibited greater flexibility and fracture strength than traditional rice cakes. The density of puffed wheat starch cakes decreased with increasing moisture content independent of particle size for particles 0.8–5 mm in diameter. The addition of sucrose and shortening promoted the formation of lower density puffed cakes at lower moistures, while salt had little effect.
Chromodomain proteins in development: lessons from CHARGE syndrome

In humans, heterozygous mutations in the adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling gene CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome, a common cause of deaf-blindness, balance disorders, congenital heart malformations, and olfactory dysfunction with an estimated incidence of approximately 1 in 10,000 newborns. The clinical features of CHARGE in humans and mice are highly variable and incompletely penetrant, and most mutations appear to result in haploinsufficiency of functional CHD7 protein. Mice with heterozygous loss of function mutations in Chd7 are a good model for CHARGE syndrome, and analyses of mouse mutant phenotypes have begun to clarify a role for CHD7 during development and into adulthood. Chd7 heterozygous mutant mice have postnatal delayed growth, inner ear malformations, anosmia/hyposmia, and craniofacial defects, and Chd7 homozygous mutants are embryonic lethal. A central question in developmental biology is how chromodomain proteins like CHD7 regulate important developmental processes, and whether they directly activate or repress downstream gene transcription or act more globally to alter chromatin structure and/or function. CHD7 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues during development, suggesting that it has tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific roles. Here, we review recent and ongoing analyses of CHD7 function in mouse models and cell-based systems. These studies explore tissue-specific effects of CHD7 deficiency, known CHD7 interacting proteins, and downstream target sites for CHD7 binding. CHD7 is emerging as a critical regulator of important developmental processes in organs affected by human CHARGE syndrome.
Efficient computational algorithms for forward and backward analysis of a dynamic pavement system

Abstract A simple dynamic analysis algorithm is presented in this paper for both forward and backward calculations of a pavement system consisting of an asphalt concrete layer, underlain by a uniform subgrade to a depth H wherein the bedrock is located. The subgrade soil is represented by a higher-order continuum model—the modified Vlasov model. The asphalt concrete layer is represented by a three-parameter complex compliance function in a frequency domain. The governing equations of the dynamic pavement system, along with the solution algorithms for both forward and backward computations, are presented in detail. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the importance of considering dynamic effect in predicting pavement response under dynamic load. In addition, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the use of nondestructive testing data to back calculate the material properties, such as the modulus, damping, creep compliance and fatigue cracking speed for an asphalt concrete layer and the modulus damping for the subgrade layer.
The analytic geometry of genetics: part I: the structure, function, and early evolution of Punnett squares

A square tabular array was introduced by R. C. Punnett in (1907) to visualize systematically and economically the combination of gametes to make genotypes according to Mendel’s theory. This mode of representation evolved and rapidly became standardized as the canonical way of representing like problems in genetics. Its advantages over other contemporary methods are discussed, as are ways in which it evolved to increase its power and efficiency, and responded to changing theoretical perspectives. It provided a natural visual decomposition of a complex problem into a number of inter-related stages. This explains its computational and conceptual power, for one could simply “read off” answers to a wide variety of questions simply from the “right” visual representation of the problem, and represent multiple problems, and multiple layers of problems in the same diagram. I relate it to prior work on the evolution of Weismann diagrams by Griesemer and Wimsatt (What Philosophy of Biology Is, Martinus-Nijhoff, the Hague, 1989), and discuss a crucial change in how it was interpreted that midwifed its success.
Candidate molecular ions for an electron electric dipole moment experiment

This paper is a theoretical work in support of a newly proposed experiment [R. Stutz and E. Cornell, Bull. Am. Soc. Phys. 89, 76 (2004)] that promises greater sensitivity to measurements of the electron's electric dipole moment (EDM) based on the trapping of molecular ions. Such an experiment requires the choice of a suitable molecule that is both experimentally feasible and possesses an expectation of a reasonable EDM signal. We find that the molecular ions PtH{sup +} and HfH{sup +} are both suitable candidates in their low-lying {sup 3}{delta} states. In particular, we anticipate that the effective electric fields generated inside these molecules are approximately 73 and -17 GV/cm, respectively. As a byproduct of this discussion, we also explain how to make estimates of the size of the effective electric field acting in a molecule, using commercially available nonrelativistic molecular structure software.
Bounded rationality and satisficing in young people's Web-based decision making

This study investigated Simon's behavioral decision-making theories of bounded rationality and satisficing in relation to young people's decision making in the World Wide Web, and considered the role of personal preferences in Web-based decisions. It employed a qualitative research methodology involving group interviews with 22 adolescent females. Data analysis took the form of iterative pattern coding using QSR NUD*IST Vivo qualitative data analysis software. Data analysis revealed that the study participants did operate within the limits of bounded rationality. These limits took the form of time constraints, information overload, and physical constraints. Data analysis also uncovered two major satisficing behaviors - reduction and termination. Personal preference was found to play a major role in Web site evaluation in the areas of graphic/multimedia and subject content preferences. This study has related implications for Web site designers and for adult intermediaries who work with young people and the Web.
Maximal radiation therapy by a new treatment technique for stage III ovarian cancer

Abstract A new treatment policy was instituted at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1975 in an attempt to improve survival and decrease treatment time and morbidity in patients with Stage III ovarian cancer. The treatment integrated isotopic therapy with a new technique of abdominal irradiation. Patients with minimal or no residual disease after thorough surgical staging received intra-abdominal "P followed 2 weeks later by split delayed abdominal irradiation. The abdomen was divided into upper and lower halves, separated by a calculated gap and treated through anterior-posterior (AP)-posterior-anterior (PA) portals. It was found that a 2 hour break interposed between the irradiation of the upper and lower abdomen reduced the acute symptoms of irradiation and allowed treatment to proceed without frequent interruptions; daily fractions consisted of 150 rad to the upper abdomen and 200 rad to the pelvis. Eight patients have been treated in the prescribed fashion and have been followed from 3 to 24 months post therapy. Seven of 8 patients (7/8) had no evidence of disease (NED) at this writing.
60.2: Invited Paper: New Technologies for Large-Sized High-Quality LCD TV

We propose a novel impulse driving method for the liquid crystal display, which improves motion picture quality without sacrificing maximum brightness. Moreover, we also propose new evaluation method for flat panel display in the bright environment, which reflect the display quality in the actual light situation.
Performance of second generation airfoil coatings in marine service

Abstract The performances of several production and development LM2500 turbine airfoil coatings were evaluated after various periods of marine service aboard the Gas Turbine Ship Callaghan. In-depth metallurgical analysis has shown that two new coatings, CoCrAlHfPt and CoCrAlHf, afford a significant increase in lifetime over that obtained with standard production coatings.
Regulation and interaction of multiple protein factors with the proximal promoter regions of a rice high pl α-amylase gene

The α-amylase gene is known to be regulated by the plant hormone gibberellin (GA) in cereal aleurone cells. The accumulation of the mRNA corresponding to a rice high pl α-amylase gene, OSamy-c, was stimulated 20-fold by exogenous GA, in half-seeds lacking embryos. Regulatory regions in the promoter of this high pl subfamily were analyzed. The OSamy-c 5′ flanking sequence, spanning positions — 231 to + 29, was fused upstream of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene coding region. The delivery of this plasmid into rice aleurone cells by the biolistic method resulted in a GA-stimulated synthesis of GUS. Gel retardation assays were performed to study protein-DNA interactions between putative regulatory sequences of OSamy-c and partially purified rice seed extracts. We identified multiple seed-specific protein factors that bind to proximal regions of the OSamy-c promoter between positions — 231 and — 162. Five different proteins were distinguished based on competitive binding studies. Three protein binding regions were located by footprinting analyses, one of which is located in the conserved sequence also found upstream of other GA-inducible genes. Two protein factors in rice aleurone cells that interact with the putative regulatory sequence do not require GA induction.
On characterizing some discrete distributions by linear regression

The binomial, negative binomial (and hence geometric) and pisson distributions are characterized, in the context of some well-known bivariate distributions, by the conditional distributionof one random variable (r.v.) given another, and the linear regression of the second, r.v. on the first. The conditional distribution. of the first r.v. given the second is also characterized by each of three sets of conditions.
An interdisciplinary team model for substance abuse prevention in communities

Recognizing the continuing threat of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse and the mandate for health care reform with emphasis on community-based care and prevention, the University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center School of Nursing developed a model to link faculty to communities to provide culturally competent, scientifically based, preventive interventions. Faculty and community associates engaged in individual and group training activities such as seminars, courses, and off-site meetings. The Preventive Intervention Research Cycle was used to structure prevention activities and assure scientific rigor. In addition to the specific outcomes of five preventive interventions, the project resulted in increased faculty scholarship in the field, increased community awareness and sustained interventions related to substance abuse, enhanced curriculum for students, and expanded collaborations with other community-based organizations. Collaborative interdisciplinary partnerships between academic institutions and community organizations are critical to the development of the science of substance abuse prevention.
Conflict Transformation as Counterinsurgency

Specialists in one field sometimes see an attractive concept in use in another field, seize it, drag it, and try to put it on display to enhance or legitimize activities in their own field. The con...
Simulated Herbivory and Vegetation Dynamics in Coal Slurry Ponds Reclaimed as Wetlands

The biodiversity of coal slurry ponds can be inhibited, at least in part, by dense stands of Phragmites australis. In this study, we demonstrate that species richness can be increased in coal slurry ponds if the dominant species (P. australis and Typha latifolia) are removed and that underwater herbivory simulated by cutting will kill emergents. The study was conducted in the greenhouse and the field in both flooded and drawndown conditions. Stems of plants of P. australis and T. latifolia were cut in a greenhouse and the cut plants of both species showed a decline in survivorship (25 and 42% survival, respectively) whereas all uncut plants survived. In a reclaimed coal pond at Pyramid State Park, Illinois, neither P. australis nor T. latifolia survived cutting underwater, but all of the uncut plants survived. Regrowth measured as total biomass of stems was less among flooded versus freely drained plants (0.3 and 2.6 g biomass, respectively). Cut versus uncut plants, combining freely drained and flooded, had less below-ground biomass (99.4 and 254.4 g, respectively). In the greenhouse study, oxygen levels in rhizomes subsequent to cutting were measured using an oxygen electrode and millivolt meter. Oxygen levels in P. australis were lower in cut versus uncut plants both in flooded (15.0 vs. 16.3% ambient O 2 , respectively) and freely drained conditions (14.5 vs. 15.0%, ambient O 2 , respectively). Similar responses to cutting were demonstrated by T. latifolia. In an unreclaimed coal slurry pond with monospecific stands of P. australis, plant species richness increased in cut plots as compared to uncut plots (29 vs. 2 species, respectively) between March and September, 1995. This study demonstrated that species richness can be increased in coal ponds by mechanical cutting and this potentially by herbivory; however, the additional species were mostly exotics.
Incidental Finding in Copy Number Variation (CNV) Analysis

When interrogating the human genome, the most significant finding at times might not even be the one related to the referring diagnosis. Such incidental findings (IFs) can pose challenges with regard to which results should be revealed? Such issues have begun to be addressed with the recent American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommendations for reporting IFs in clinical exome and genome sequencing; however, copy number variants (CNV) were not specifically addressed. The recommendations found that while some incidental CNV findings are currently of uncertain clinical significance, others are medically actionable. The reporting of the incidental CNVs can have a significant impact on risk counseling for future pregnancies and other family members at risk as well as enabling interventions to improve health outcomes. According to the ACMG recommendations, in the course of performing chromosomal microarray analysis in 3,500 “normal” parental samples for interpretation of variants of unknown clinical significance in the proband, we incidentally found 28 (0.8 %) clinically relevant CNVs that were reported back to the physician to be communicated to the patient. Reporting of IFs is not new to medicine, so should reporting IF in whole genome analysis be any different? Should the current ACMG recommendations for reporting IFs be updated to incorporate incidental CNVs?
Asymptotics of the signed-rank estimator under dependent observations

Abstract In this paper, we consider a signed-rank estimator of nonlinear regression coefficients under stochastic errors. These errors include a wide array of applications in economic literature such as serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, autoregression, etc. General conditions for strong consistency and T - asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator are provided.
Ceratomyxa shasta: Epizootiology in Chinook Salmon of Central Oregon

Abstract Infection frequencies were high (47% to 77%) in all groups of juvenile spring chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to Ceratomyxa shasta in water from the Deschutes River (Oregon) during 1973 and 1974. Higher survival after low-level exposures (early spring and short prior exposures) indicates an immune-type resistance in this stock. Infection frequencies for age-0 hatchery smolts of fall chinook salmon increased with exposure time to 50% after 20 days in June 1976, and to 70% after 25 days in June 1977. Mean times until death were inversely related to exposure times through 25 days of exposure in 1977. Juvenile fall chinook salmon periodically captured from the wild populations in the Deschutes River (km 150 to 160) were not infected prior to May in 1978 and June in 1979. After these times, infection frequencies increased to 56% on July 7 in 1978, and to 90% on July 16 in 1979. Infection frequencies then generally decreased with time both years, indicating the wild populations consiste...
Metastatic adenocarcinoma to the brain: An immunohistochemical approach

The diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the brain of unknown primary is problematic, and the role of immunohistochemistry in identifying a source has not been fully characterized. Sixty-eight metastatic adenocarcinomas of the brain with known primaries were immunostained with antibodies to cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), CAM 5.2, wide-spectrum keratin (WSK), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR). True positive staining was defined as CK7 in lung or breast; CK20 in gastrointestinal; and GCDFP-15, ER, and PR in breast carcinomas. CK7 immunoreactivity was present in all 27 lung carcinomas and 14 of 15 breast carcinomas with a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 78%. CK20 stained 15 of 16 GI carcinomas with a sensitivity and specificity of 94%. None of the cytokeratins stained surrounding brain tissue. GCDFP-15, ER, and PR had sensitivities of 33%, 33%, and 87%, with specificities of 92%, 84%, and 28%, respectively. PR often stained nuclei of normal brain tissue and was accentuated in areas of necrosis or cautery artifact. CK7 and CK20 are highly sensitive and specific in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma to the brain of unknown primary. GCDFP-15 and ER are relatively specific, but insensitive markers, and PR is nonspecific and difficult to interpret.
Duplicated origin of a radiculomedullary artery supplying a perimedullary arteriovenous fistula: Angiographic observation and developmental considerations

The angiographic observation of a radiculomedullary artery variation found in a patient with a spinal cord vascular malformation is presented. A posterior radiculomedullary artery arising from the left L2 intersegmental artery had a duplicated origin. Two radicular trunks were seen aiming towards the neural foramen: a dominant anterior one providing a retrocorporeal artery and the anterior limb of the radicular artery, and a smaller posterior one branching off a prelaminar artery and the posterior limb of the radicular artery. The two limbs then joined to continue as a single posterior radiculomedullary artery, which participated in the vascularization of the vascular malformation. The clinical and developmental aspects of this exceptional variant are discussed.
Leptin and body fat in type 2 diabetes and monodrug therapy.

To better understand the relations among leptin, insulin, and body fat during the metabolic progression to diabetes and during drug monotherapy, metabolic parameters were examined in subjects classified as 1) type 2 diabetes; 2) impaired fasting glucose or mild diabetes mellitus; 3) nondiabetic, matched for body mass index (BMI); and 4) nonobese, nondiabetic. Diabetic subjects were also studied during no pharmacological treatment, after 3 months of randomization to metformin or glyburide, and after 3 months of cross-over to the opposite drug. Log leptin correlated more with percent body fat (slope, 0.042; confidence interval, 0.036–0.047; r2 = 0.826; P < 0.0001) than with total fat mass, percent truncal or nontruncal fat, or BMI. When normalized to percent fat, leptin did not differ by gender. Leptin normalized to percent fat was 35% less in untreated diabetes than that in BMI-matched controls (P < 0.001). Leptin normalized to percent fat was increased by 25% (P < 0.01) as a result of glyburide therapy co...
Knowledge and risk behaviors of people seeking HIV antibody testing at a community site.

People seeking HIV antibody testing at a community-based AIDS service organization ( N =342) were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire to determine knowledge of HIV transmission, source(s) of HIV-related knowledge, and recent risk behaviors. The overall knowledge and recent risk behaviors. The overall knowledge level of risk for transmitting HIV associated with 16 related behaviors was relatively high. Yet, 69% of the participants reported engaging in unsafe sex during the previous six months. Poorly informed subjects tended to overestimate their level of knowledge. In a multiple regression analysis, knowledge, age, and gender were the only significant predictors of engaging in unsafe sex in this cohort. Nurses must be on the forefront in developing (1) strategies to reach people at high risk for HIV infection and HIV transmission, (2) culturally relevant and sensitive education, and (3) interventions that will enable people to make appropriate choices concerning high-risk behaviors.
Pressure-induced amorphization in NaLa (MoO4)2; A high pressure Raman and IR absorption study

Abstract The alkali-rare earth double molybdate NaLa(MoO4)2 crystallizing in the orthorhombic pseudo-scheelite structure has been investigated by high pressure Raman technique up to 30 GPa. A pressure-induced amorphization is found to occur near 27 GPa at room temperature, which reverses to the original crystalline phase readily on release of pressure. This behavior is compared with the pressure-induced amorphization in Tb2(MoO4)3. It is proposed that structural complexity and kinetically impeded phase transition play an important role in pressure-induced amorphizations. For the observed changes to the Raman peaks near 10 GPa a disordering of the Na and La cations resulting in a statistically scheelite type lattice is suggested.
Geocomposite edge drain joining

Abstract The integrity of the joints that connect all of the various components of a geocomposite edge drain system plays a significant role in the performance of the system. This paper reviews the need for edge drains, describes what they are and discusses the key performance requirements of the joints of an edge drain system. The geotextile seams, roll-to-roll splices and outlet system connections are the critical joints. These assemblies must remain sealed from soil infiltration and free of flow restrictions both after installation and throughout the edge drain systems' design life.
Organizing the vertebrate embryo--a balance of induction and competence.

In what is usually referred to as the most famous experiment in embryology, Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold (1924) showed that a specific region in early frog embryos called the blastopore lip can induce a second complete embryonic axis, including the head, when transplanted to a host embryo. Most of the axis, including the nervous system, was derived from the host, whose cells were induced to form an axis by the graft, therefore named the organizer. Induction refers to the change in fate of a group of cells in response to signals from other cells. The signal-receiving cells must be capable of responding, a property termed competence. The Spemann–Mangold organizer. which—as the transplantation experiment shows—is able to turn cells whose original fate would be gut or ventral epidermis into brain or somites, is the prototypical inducing tissue. And neural induction has for a long time been regarded as a process by which organizer signals, in their normal context, redirect ectodermal cells from an epidermal towards a neural fate. The nature of the neural inducer or inducers and the mechanism of neural induction have been and remain hot topics in developmental biology.
Dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced 1H–13C double resonance NMR in static samples below 20 K

We demonstrate the feasibility of one-dimensional and two-dimensional 1H–13C double resonance NMR experiments with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at 9.4 T and temperatures below 20 K, including both 1H–13C cross-polarization and 1H decoupling, and discuss the effects of polarizing agent type, polarizing agent concentration, temperature, and solvent deuteration. We describe a two-channel low-temperature DNP/NMR probe, capable of carrying the radio-frequency power load required for 1H–13C cross-polarization and high-power proton decoupling. Experiments at 8 K and 16 K reveal a significant T2 relaxation of 13C, induced by electron spin flips. Carr–Purcell experiments and numerical simulations of Carr–Purcell dephasing curves allow us to determine the effective correlation time of electron flips under our experimental conditions. The dependence of the DNP signal enhancement on electron spin concentration shows a maximum near 80 mM. Although no significant difference in the absolute DNP enhancements for triradical (DOTOPA-TEMPO) and biradical (TOTAPOL) dopants was found, the triradical produced greater DNP build-up rates, which are advantageous for DNP experiments. Additionally the feasibility of structural measurements on 13C-labeled biomolecules was demonstrated with a two-dimensional 13C–13C exchange spectrum of selectively 13C-labeled β-amyloid fibrils.
Peak Velocity and Flow Quantification Validation for Sensitivity-Encoded Phase-Contrast MR Imaging

Rationale and Objectives Phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique has important clinical applications in blood flow quantification and pressure gradient estimation by velocity measurement. Parallel imaging using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) may substantially reduce scan time. We demonstrate the utility of PC-MRI measurements accelerated by SENSE under clinical conditions. Materials and Methods Accuracy and repeatability of a SENSE-PC implementation was evaluated by comparison with a commercial PC sequence with five normal volunteers. Twenty-six patients were then scanned with SENSE-PC at reduction factors (R = 1, 2, and 3). Blood flow and peak velocity were measured in the aorta and pulmonary trunk in 16 patients and peak velocity was measured at the coarctation of 10 patients. Quantitative flow, shunt ratio, and peak velocity measurements obtained with different reduction factors were compared using correlation, linear regression, and Bland-Altman statistics. All studies were approved by an Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was acquired from all subjects. Results The correlation coefficients for all comparisons were >0.962 and with high statistical significance ( P Conclusion SENSE PC-MRI measurements for flow and pressure gradient estimation were comparable to conventional PC-MRI.
Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of β-C-glycoside analogs of the immunostimulant KRN7000

A ring-closing metathesis approach was employed for the synthesis of a β-C-glycoside analog of the immunostimulant KRN7000. The protected C-glycosyl amino acid derivative 18 was converted to amino-olefin 20, and osmylation served to install the diol unit as a mixture of separable syn and anti isomers. Deprotection to the hydroxy-amine 21 was followed by N-acylation and debenzylation to deliver the target compound 5.
The mechanism of cryohemolysis: By direct observation with the cryomicroscope and the electron microscope☆

Abstract Blood films (3–8 μm thick) supported between two glass coverslips were frozen to −20 °C. In the extracellular areas, ice cavities of the order of 0.2 μm separated by bands of dense plasma were evident when examined with the electron microscope; intracellular ice was not observed with the light microscope. Electron microscopy also showed the presence of intracellular ice particles of the order of 0.2–0.7 μm, these appeared as fine reticulations when observed with the light microscope. Upon gradual rewarming the following changes were observed: recrystallization in the extracellular matrix (−18 to −8 °C), intracellular recrystallization (−13 to −10 °C), transfer of water from erythrocytes to extracellular areas (−9 to −7 °C), and melting and hemolysis (−6 to −2 °C). Freezing of blood at −3 °C and subsequent thawing did not cause hemolysis of the red cells. In blood frozen at −3 °C and cooled to −20 °C or frozen by abrupt exposure to 20 °C the erythrocytes hemolyzed in 7/16–11/16 of a second, whereas in blood frozen at −3 °C and cooled to −10 °C the cells hemolyzed in 5–15 sec even though the mode if lysis (i.e., uniform seepage of hemoglobin from the surface of the cell) was similar in all cases. This indicates that the presence of intracellular ice does not seem to play a major role in the injury to the erythrocytes. The mechanism of cryoinjury demonstrated by hemolysis has been discussed.
Techniques for fast instruction cache performance evaluation

Cache performance has become a very crucial factor in the overall system performance of machines. Effective analysis of a cache design requires the evaluation of the performance of the cache for typical programs that are to be executed on the machine. Recent attempts to reduce the time required for such evaluations either result in a loss of accuracy or require an initial pass by a filter to reduce the length of the trace. This paper evaluates techniques that attempt to overcome these problems for instruction cache performance evaluation. For each technique variations with and without periodic context switches are examined. Information calculated during the compilation is used to reduce the number of references in the trace. Thus, in effect references are stripped before the initial trace is generated. These techniques are shown to significantly reduce the time required for evaluating instruction caches with no loss of accuracy.
The thermal decomposition of cerium (III) nitrate hydrate

The thermal decomposition of cerium (III) nitrate hydrate has been measured in the temperature range 190° < T < 300°C. Employing information obtained from the infra-red spectra it was found that the decomposition proceeds via the loss of nitrate from the cerium (III) nitrate sample. The composition of the final intermediate decomposition products was measured and discussed.
Graft-versus-host disease in rhabdomyosarcoma following transfusion with nonirradiated blood products

Graft-versus-host disease is a complication of transfusion of nonirradiated blood products into an immunocompromised patient, and it has been reported in hematologic and lymphoid malignancies as well as in neuroblastoma in children. We report the first case of acute graft-versus-host disease in a child undergoing chemotherapy for a rhabdomyosarcoma, who received transfusions during an intercurrent illness. The graft-versus-host disease was accompanied by an allogeneic lymphoid graft and was diagnosed on the basis of HLA studies on the patient's and her family's circulating lymphocytes and confirmed by HLA typing of the patient's skin fibroblasts.
Random earnings differences, lifetime liquidity constraints, and altruistic intergenerational transfers

Abstract This paper develops a model of private savings behavior in which households care about their descendants, cannot have negative net worth, and have lifetime earnings depending on random draws from an exogenous distribution of abilities. The elements interact: very lucky parents are likely to leave large estates; constrained children are unusually likely to receive intergenerational transfers. The paper proves the existence of a stationary cross-sectional distribution of wealth, endogenously determines where liquidity constraints will bind, and shows that the long-term interest rate must be such that Ricardian neutrality fails. Its last section generates several illustrative numerical simulations.
Viral-induced mutagenesis: tests in Gallus domesticus.

Abstract Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and Rous sarcoma virus were tested for mutagenicity in the common fowl, Gallus domesticus . Adult males were inoculated with the respective viruses, allowed to recover, and periodically mated each to several hens. Among the offspring of these matings the embryonic mortality and the embryonic mortality patterns were compared to that of corresponding controls. While almost 8000 embryos were examned, no evidence suggesting a mutagenic effect was found.
R-CHOP versus CHOP in HIV-associated lymphoma: a meta-analysis of prospective studies

Several recent trials have demonstrated superiority with the addition of rituximab to traditional chemotherapeutic regimens in HIV-negative non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. In HIV-positive patients, the benefit of adding rituximab is less clear. In a randomized controlled trial, the addition of rituximab to CHOP showed no survival advantage. We performed a study-level meta-analysis of prospective studies to ascertain outcomes in HIV+ NHL patients treated with CHOP vs. R-CHOP.
Recurrent Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Complicating Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Atrioventricular Junction

Recurrent ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were observed immediately after RF ablation of the AV junction in a 64-year-old man. This arrhythmia was preceded by ventricular bigeminy and a long-short sequence. It was not associated with prolongation of the QT interval compared to baseline, and recurred 3 months later despite ventricular pacing at 90 beats/min. This is the first reported case of sustained ventricular arrhythmia complicating RF AV junction ablation despite rapid ventricular pacing, and recurring 3 months after discharge. It may explain the rare cases of sudden death complicating this procedure.
Effects of delay, intertrial interval, delay behavior and trimethyltin on spatial delayed response in rats.

Working memory was modeled in rats using a delayed response task with spatial location as the discriminative cue. Rats received food for pressing 1 of 2 retractable levers in the choice phase of a trial if that lever had been presented in the prior sample phase of that trial. When delays of 0–20 sec were imposed between sample and choice, choice accuracy declined with increasing delay. With short intertrial intervals (ITIs), choice accuracy decreased more at long delays than at short delays, showing that interference from previous trials impaired memory but not discrimination. Rats emitted overt mediating responses during delay by pressing the levers in the retracted position. However, the frequency of delay presses was low (<2/trial in all rats) and neither their frequency nor accuracy was related to choice accuracy. Resetting the delay interval for each delay press did not significantly alter choice response accuracy. Trimethyltin (TMT), 7 mg/kg IV, reduced the choice accuracy of one rat to chance levels at all delays; two other rats were affected transiently. TMT reduced choice accuracy during weeks 1 and 4 postinjection, with significant effects on the linear slope and intercept of the mean retention gradient during week 4. TMT did not affect responses to the retracted levers during delays. TMT treatment also elevated levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the CNS, measured 4 weeks after treatment. Hippocampal GFAP correlated highly with the reduction in choice accuracy during week 1 (r = −.903) and week 4 (r = −.797) postTMT. GFAP levels also correlated significantly with TMT-induced changes in the slopes and intercepts of the retention gradients for individual animals at both times after treatment. The delay and ITI effects suggest that the task adequately assessed working memory. The lack of effect of delay presses on choice accuracy suggests that these overt mediating responses did not differentially affect choice responding. The preferential disruption of choice accuracy at long delays by TMT indicates that the compound impaired the retention of spatial information over time, supporting the view that time-dependent processes are particularly vulnerable to this lesion. This spatial delayed response task thus provides a practical analytical tool for the characterization of memory deficits following exposure to neurotoxicants.
Rapid Determination of Chloride Concentration of Cheese by Use of a Pungor Electrode

Abstract When a silicone membrane containing ion exchange granules charged with chloride ion separates an homogenate of cheese in water from a standard potassium chloride solution, a membrane potential is developed proportional to the chloride ion concentration in the homogenate. This effect can be used to determine the chloride concentration in cheese by use of a conventional pH meter equipped with a commercially available chloride electrode. Good agreement was found between results obtained by this method and the standard Volhard titration. The new method proved superior to the direct potentiometric determination of chloride in cheese by using a silver-silver chloride electrode.
Effects of adrenochrome and sodium perborate on isolated fat cell metabolism.

Abstract The effects of adrenochrome, epinephrine and sodium perborate on glucose oxidation in isolated white fat cells were studied. Adrenochrome and sodium perborate were found to preferentially stimulate oxidation of [-1- 14 C]glucose while epinephrine stimulated [-6- 14 C]glucose oxidation. The stimulation by adrenochrome, epinephrine and sodium perborate of glucose oxidation was not appreciably effected by treating fat cells with trypsin. Treatment of the albumin used with the metal chelator 1,10-phenanthroline decreased but did not abolish the effectiveness of these agents. Epinephrine in the presence of bovine serum albumin was converted to a pink-colored product which exhibited an absorbance maximum at 300 nm. However, it is unlikely that the effects of epinephrine on D-[-1- 14 C]glucose oxidation are the result of its conversion to adrenochrome. Adrenochrome was also found to cause an increase in the accumulation of cyclic AMP over a 10-min incubation period. No effects of adrenochrome were observed on the activity of adenylate cyclase stimulation by glucagon and epinephrine, but adrenochrome did inhibit the stimulation of cyclase activity by fluoride ion. Adrenochrome was active as an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase present in fat cells.
Antiproliferation Activity of a Small Molecule Repressor of Liver Receptor Homolog 1

The orphan nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1; NR5A2) is a potent regulator of cholesterol metabolism and bile acid homeostasis. Recently, LRH-1 has been shown to play an important role in intestinal inflammation and in the progression of estrogen receptor positive and negative breast cancers and pancreatic cancer. Structural studies have revealed that LRH-1 can bind phospholipids and the dietary phospholipid dilauroylphosphatidylcholine activates LRH-1 activity in rodents. Here we characterize the activity of a novel synthetic nonphospholipid small molecule repressor of LRH-1, SR1848 (6-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-3-cyclohexyl-1H-pyrimidine-2,4-dione). In cotransfection studies, SR1848 reduced LRH-1-dependent expression of a reporter gene and in cells that endogenously express LRH-1 dose dependently reduced the expression of cyclin-D1 and -E1, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation. The cellular effects of SR1848 treatment are recapitulated after transfection of cells with small-interfering RNA targeting LRH-1. Immunocytochemistry analysis shows that SR1848 induces rapid translocation of nuclear LRH-1 to the cytoplasm. Combined, these results suggest that SR1848 is a functional repressor of LRH-1 that impacts expression of genes involved in proliferation in LRH-1-expressing cancers. Thus, SR1848 represents a novel chemical scaffold for the development of therapies targeting malignancies driven by LRH-1.
Efficacy of a novel IGS system in atrial septal defect repair

Congenital heart disease occurs in 107.6 out of 10,000 live births, with Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) accounting for 10% of these conditions. Historically, ASDs were treated with open heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, allowing a patch to be sewn over the defect. In 1976, King et al. demonstrated use of a transcatheter occlusion procedure, thus reducing the invasiveness of ASD repair. Localization during these catheter based procedures traditionally has relied on bi-plane fluoroscopy; more recently trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) and intra-cardiac echocardiography (ICE) have been used to navigate these procedures. Although there is a high success rate using the transcatheter occlusion procedure, fluoroscopy poses radiation dose risk to both patient and clinician. The impact of this dose to the patients is important as many of those undergoing this procedure are children, who have an increased risk associated with radiation exposure. Their longer life expectancy than adults provides a larger window of opportunity for expressing the damaging effects of ionizing radiation. In addition, epidemiologic studies of exposed populations have demonstrated that children are considerably more sensitive to the carcinogenic effects radiation. Image-guided surgery (IGS) uses pre-operative and intra-operative images to guide surgery or an interventional procedure. Central to every IGS system is a software application capable of processing and displaying patient images, registration between multiple coordinate systems, and interfacing with a tool tracking system. We have developed a novel image-guided surgery framework called Kit for Navigation by Image Focused Exploration (KNIFE). In this work we assess the efficacy of this image-guided navigation system for ASD repair using a series of mock clinical experiments designed to simulate ASD repair device deployment.
Rapid Response to Selection for a Nondiapausing Gypsy Moth

By genetic selection a gypsy moth strain was obtained within eight generations that could be reared continuously in the insectary without its normal "obligatory" diapause. This strain should be useful for making physiological and genetical comparisons with normal diapausing gypsy moths. It could also be used in a genetic control program. However, caution should be exercised, for its release could create a new environmental hazard.
Equation of State and Isentropic Releasem of Aluminum Foam and Fluoropolymer Composites

Abstract There is considerable interest in developing a better understanding of the dynamic behavior of heterogeneous materials. This study investigates and compares the dynamic response of 20 and 47% dense aluminum foam systems with and without a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon) fill. Experiments on 47% foam were conduced in a 60 mm bore gun in a reverse ballistic configuration at velocities ranging from 350 m/s to 2.5 km/s. The particle velocity of the backside of the anvil was monitored with a VISAR system. Mesoscale simulations are in good agreement with the available experimental data. Both the experimental and simulated data are in good agreement with an analytic release isentrope when released from Hugoniot stress levels less than 5 GPa. However there is significant deviation from the analytic isentrope as the Hugoniot stress level is increased.
Ablation of Skeletal Metastases: Current Status

Image-guided percutaneous ablation of bone metastases is an effective, minimally invasive alternative to conventional therapies in the palliation of pain from metastatic disease. Ablative technologies applied in the treatment of skeletal metastases include radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, microwave ablation, laser ablation, ethanol ablation, and, most recently, focused ultrasound. These ablative methods may be performed in combination with percutaneous cementoplasty to provide support and stabilization for metastases in weight-bearing bones at risk for pathologic fracture.
Modeling diameter class removals for thinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations

Loblolly pine plantations are often thinned at mid-rotation to improve the stand quality looking toward a future final harvest that will maximize sawtimber production. Models are needed for estimating removals by dbh class under such assumptions for various stand characteristics and residual thinning targets. The aim of this study was to develop equations for estimating the proportion of basal area or trees removed by dbh class at time of thinning when removals by selection can potentially occur within all dbh classes. Regression models were developed using data from operationally thinned plots across the southern United States. Proportion of trees removed by dbh class was found to be correlated with stand stocking prior to thinning (quadratic mean dbh), intensity of the thinning and whether the thinning is a first or second thin. Tests of the models with data from independent plots thinned under the same assumptions showed good agreement across most dbh classes. The models developed in this study are independent of any diameter distribution assumptions and can be used to predict stand tables for basal area and number of trees removed and remaining at time of thinning when the purpose of the thinning is to emphasize sawtimber production at final harvest.