cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Viewing the Night Sky as a Recreation Experience at Acadia National Park

The National Park Service has recently extended the purview of its management from conventional landscapes (e.g., soil, vegetation, water, wildlife) to include “lightscapes”, or more specifically the night sky. This study was designed to inform management of the recreation activity of viewing the night sky. How important is viewing the night sky to national park visitors? What are potential indicators of quality for viewing the night sky? Indicators of quality are measurable, manageable variables that are important to visitors in defining the quality of night sky viewing. The principal study method was a survey of overnight visitors to Acadia National Park. The survey questionnaire asked visitors a series of questions about the importance of viewing the night sky. Most respondents reported that viewing the night sky is important, but were less certain about how the quality of night sky viewing might affect future visits to the park. The questionnaire also included an “observation/evaluation” exercise to identify potential indicators of qualities for night sky viewing. Respondents were presented with a list of items and asked to report 1) which items had been seen in the park at night and which had not been seen, and 2) how seeing or not seeing these items affected the quality of their recreation experience. Resulting data were organized into an importance-performance format to identify potentially good indicators of quality. Findings suggest the ability to see natural objects in the night sky is a good indicator of quality, with special emphasis on the Milky Way. Minimizing human-caused light may also be an important indicator of quality. Management implications of study findings include placing more emphasis on the night sky as part of the recreation experience in national parks and related areas, formulating indicators and standards of quality for night sky viewing, expanding educational and interpretive programing to sensitize visitors to the night sky, improving park lighting to minimize light pollution, and working with surrounding communities to minimize light pollution from outside parks.
Changing Beliefs to Be Engaged in School: Using Integrated Mindset Interventions to Promote Student Engagement During School Transitions

Abstract An increasing body of studies has demonstrated that brief, school-based psychosocial interventions can change student motivational beliefs, which may improve student engagement and achievement. In this chapter, we integrate three related but separate psychosocial intervention approaches that work to change students’ mindsets, feelings, and beliefs about how they think about stressors, interact with others, and succeed in school and beyond including (1) famous scientists’ struggle stories, (2) belonging mindset intervention, and (3) growth mindset intervention. We first review the theoretical rationale and empirical evidence for why these particular intervention approaches are well suited for interventions to boost student engagement following the transition to secondary school. We then introduce a new mindset intervention model that integrated the key ingredients of these three well-validated psychosocial interventions. Finally, we describe the development and implementation of this integrated mindset intervention and conclude with a discussion of implications.
It’s About the People

This chapter analyzes the findings of the two studies conducted for this book in terms of whether or not sports journalists took a more critical, substantive perspective when covering King, Swoopes and Griner. Some evidence was found that journalists were exploring wider-ranging issues inherent with gay and lesbian athletes. The chapter also compares the results to similar studies of the coming out stories of former NBA player Jason Collins and former football All-American Michael Sam. Collins and Sam were covered much more extensively, suggesting that the coming out stories of male athletes are much more newsworthy. The chapter also features comments and insights about how coming out stories should be covered gleaned from extensive interviews with four prominent gay and lesbian sports journalists.
Chapter 13 – Environmental Analysis: Persistent Organic Pollutants∗

The term persistent organic pollutants (POPs) describes a broad range of anthropogenic compounds present in the environment. Persistent organic pollutants can be grouped into subclasses based on their original intended uses or chemical properties. In this chapter, five such groups of compounds are considered: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated aromatic compounds, pesticides, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The chapter provides an overview of some of the measurement issues and liquid chromatography (LC) methods used in the determination of persistent organic contaminants in environmentally relevant samples. Emphasis has been placed on research carried out since 2000. Purely gas chromatography (GC)–based methods have been excluded from this discussion, as have reports that emphasize sample cleanup and processing research.
Feasibility and applicability of Evenson sedentary behavior cut points applied to children with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Sedentary behavior (SB) is widely studied as it is associated with cardiometabolic health and obesity issues. However, children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) have been unde...
Retail investor attention and the limit order book: Intraday analysis of attention-based trading

Abstract We are the first to examine how intraday changes in retail investor attention, measured by hourly Google searches, affect trading activity and informativeness of trades. High levels of Google search activity are followed in the next hour by more intensive trading in all stocks. The increased trading activity is initiated by retail investors as evidenced by the reduced size of new orders. After googling a company, retail investors do not become informed in the traditional sense; rather, they act as noise traders, who mistake noise for information, as their orders are picked off by truly informed traders.
Adaptive Capacity Determination for Critical Load in Power Systems

Resilience metrics are the cornerstone of implementing resilience-based improvements to the electric utility sector. There is a recognized need in power systems for increased resilience and there are numerous power system devices and methods that aim to improve resilience. These methods and devices need to be evaluated for their actual resilience value for each system they aim to improve to determine their worth for each system. This work presents the resilience metric called adaptive capacity calculated using the available transfer capability (ATC) method. Adaptive capacity determines the maximum incremental amount of power that can be transferred to critical loads in the aftermath of an event. The use of this metric is demonstrated by comparing the adaptive capacity of eight seasonal scenarios of the 2000-bus synthetic transmission network on the footprint of Texas with and without the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs). This work highlights how adaptive capacity can help determine where the integration of DERs in the system will and will not provide a resilience benefit.
“I Quit!”: White Privilege, White Fragility, and White-Hot Rage: A Poetic Response in Five Acts:

This work consists of five narrative poems that correspond to five moments, Acts, related to a lesson about institutional racism and White privilege, presented to preservice teachers, via Zoom. Tha...
Agrogeophysical methods for identifying soil pipes

Abstract The direct contribution of internal soil piping to soil losses or their collapse to form ephemeral gullies is a vital component in understanding total soil loss from agricultural lands. The generation and evolution of soil pipes occur below the surface, where survey-based measurements and analysis often fail to provide a comprehensive image of these crucial phenomena or their erosional evolution. The distribution of soil pipe collapses does not always correlate with surface flow paths, as indicated by surface topography. This lack of correlation makes inferences from traditional remote sensing or manual surveying of surface features subject to significant uncertainty and lack of correspondence to the actual subsurface flow path. Non-invasive geophysical methods provide a better alternative for high spatial resolution imaging to delineate, characterize, and map the distribution of soil pipe networks. In addition to being non-invasive, geophysical methods are more expedient and lower in cost than invasive techniques. In this paper, the feasibility and efficiency of two geophysical methods, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI), for delineating soil pipes in cross-sectional and plan view maps is presented. The evaluations are based on field measurements at a research site with established soil pipes and ephemeral gullies. Geophysical signatures from the two methods are evaluated using a composite (combined) cross-section plot that includes results of an invasive technique known as cone penetrologger testing (CPL). These signatures are then used to construct plan view maps of the area. The EMI results allow for the delineation of larger zones of fields having soil pipe networks. The GPR data provides a much better resolution. The GPR data can be used to construct maps (depth slices) representing different depths. The results demonstrate the high potential of EMI and GPR as useful tools for studying internal soil pipes.
Protein extraction from catfish byproducts and physicochemical properties of the protein isolates

In order to optimize protein recovery from catfish byproducts by alkaline extraction, the effects of different factors, including particle size, mince-to-water ratio, pH, and extraction time were investigated. It was found that a protein recovery of about 30% could be achieved. Increases in pH (pH 10.5, 11, and 11.5) not only improved protein recovery, but also increased protein denaturation evidenced by decreased solubility, decreased α-helix, increased β-sheet, and increased random coil. The color and texture of gels made from protein isolate were greatly affected by the pH values used for protein extraction. For the gels made from fillet mince, and protein isolates extracted at pH 10.5, 11, and 11.5, the "L" values were 78.96, 60.38, 57.74, and 54.39, the breaking forces were 205, 492, 585, and 458 g, and deformation values were 10.59, 8.07, 6.73, and 5.04 mm, respectively. Electrophoresis revealed protein degradation during alkali-aided extraction with MHC, the most predominant band, showing about 50% decrease in comparison with fillet mince. It also demonstrated that gelation not only caused cross-linking, but also autolysis with 53%, 56%, 59%, and 81% decrease in MHC intensity for fillet mince, protein isolates extracted at pH 10.5, 11, and 11.5, respectively. Fillet mince and protein isolates exhibited different storage modulus patterns during temperature sweep, implying different gelation mechanisms. This study proved the protein extracted from catfish byproducts was potential to be utilized as edible food components especially in gel making. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Catfish byproducts, which account for 70% of total weight and 50% of total protein of catfish, are normally used as animal feed, fertilizer, or even waste. This study demonstrated the potential of the utilization of catfish wastes to develop edible food components. This could reduce the total processing waste being discarded into the environment and nutrient loss, therefore increasing profitability of catfish industry.
Heart rate recovery and parasympathetic modulation in boys and girls following maximal and submaximal exercise

This study examined heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) following submaximal and maximal exercise in boys (n = 13; 10.1 ± 0.8 years) and girls (n = 12; 10.1 ± 0.7 years). Participants completed 10 min of supine rest followed by a graded exercise test to maximal effort. On a separate day, participants performed submaximal exercise at ventilatory threshold. Immediately following both exercise bouts, 1-min HRR was assessed in the supine position. HRV variables were analyzed under controlled breathing in the time and frequency domains over the final 5 min of rest and recovery. There were no significant differences in HRR following maximal and submaximal exercise between boys (58 ± 8 and 59 ± 8 beats min−1, respectively) and girls (54 ± 6 and 52 ± 19 beats min−1, respectively). There also were no significant interactions between groups from rest to recovery from maximal exercise for any HRV variables. However, there was a difference in the response between sexes from rest to recovery from submaximal exercise for log transformed standard deviation of NN intervals (lnSDNN) and log transformed total power (lnTP). No differences were observed for lnSDNN at rest (boys = 4.61 ± 0.28 vs. girls = 4.28 ± 0.52 ms) or during recovery (lnSDNN: boys 3.78 ± 0.46 vs. girls 3.87 ± 0.64 ms and lnTP: boys 7.33 ± 1.09 vs. girls; 7.44 ± 1.24 ms2). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed a significant difference between boys and girls for lnTP at rest (boys = 9.14 ± 0.42 vs. girls = 8.30 ± 1.05 ms2). Parasympathetic modulation was similar between boys and girls at rest and during recovery from exercise, which could explain similarities observed in HRR.
Analysis of MeCP2 Function in the CNS

Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP2) have been linked as the causative factor to Rett Syndrome (RTT). The MECP2 gene encodes a DNA binding protein that binds to methylated cytosines in the mammalian genome. The disease-causing mutations found in RTT patients are predicted to result in the loss of function of MeCP2 that then results in genes turned on in an inappropriate manner. Over the past several years, our group has examined the role of MeCP2 in complex behavior as well as neurotransmission. Our behavioral analysis has shown that the forebrain-specific Mecp2 loss-of-function in mice could recapitulate several behavioral and neurological deficits associated with RTT. Interestingly, we could also show that brain region-specific Mecp2 loss-of-function, such as selective knock down of MeCP2 in basolateral amygdala, could trigger a subset of RTT phenotypes such as an increased anxiety-like behavior and deficits in cue-dependent fear conditioning. We have also demonstrated that loss of MeCP2 in neurons results in a decrease in spontaneous excitatory synaptic transmission coupled with an increase in action potential-driven excitatory drive. The combined effort of behavioral and synaptic analysis of MeCP2-associated phenotypes will not only open new avenues for understanding neuronal circuit abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders but also elucidate potential targets for addressing the pathophysiology of several intractable neuropsychiatric disorders.
JobQueue: A Computational Grid-Wide Queueing System

In a Computational Grid, it is not easy to maintain gridwide control over the number of executing jobs, as well as a global view of the status of submitted jobs, due to the heterogeneity in resource type, availability, and access policies. This paper describes the design and implementation of JobQueue, which is a Computational Grid-wide queuing system, or metaqueuing system, implemented in Legion. JobQueue is unique because of its ability to span multiple administrative domains. It can also be reconfigured dynamically along a number of dimensions and in the general case does not require special privileges to create, facilitating new flexibility for Grid users.
Cellular Dynamics in Invertebrate Neurosecretory Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cellular dynamics in invertebrate neurosecretory systems. The chromatographic and electrophoretic microtechniques provide complete information on the range of active factors and their distribution in individual species. Assays of synthetic crustacean chromatophorotropins tend to confirm the impression derived from many partial purification schemes that unique molecules have the potential to affect several target organs. It is likely, however, that organisms possess mechanisms to control separately the responsiveness of individual targets. Such mechanisms might include: local control of target sensitivity mediated through some aspect of the intrinsic metabolism of a particular target; the antagonistic or synergistic control of some targets of a particular hormone by blood-borne factors from other sources, or by nervous input; local differences in hormone concentration occasioned by direct delivery of a hormone to some tissues and broadcast dispersal through the circulatory system to others. Studies on mollusc neurosecretory cells have demonstrated clearly that several peptides are released by the activation of a homogeneous population of neurosecretory cells. The techniques of electron microscope autoradiography have been used only sparingly in studies of invertebrate neurosecretory systems and have the potential to provide valuable information on granule processing and transport, and on the possibility of an extragranular pool of hormone or hormone-associated molecules in the axon terminals. Some invertebrate neurosecretory cells present many of the same experimental advantages for electrophysiological studies as ordinary invertebrate neurons over their counterparts in vertebrates.
Metabolic requirements for infection by Rous sarcoma virus: IV. Virus reproduction and cellular transformation without cellular division

Abstract Vinblastine sulfate, colchicine, or Colcemid effectively prevented division of chick embryo cells, but had little effect on the complete reproduction of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV 0 , Bryan “high titer” strain and Rous associated virus 1 ). About 30% of the vinblastine-treated cells never reached mitosis, and, if infected with high multiplicities of RSV, these cells became morphologically transformed. Vinblastine-treated cells continued to synthesize DNA for at least 24 hr and remained susceptible to infection by RSV during this time. The results demonstrate that cellular division is not a requirement for successful infection of cells by RSV.
Manifestation of forest succession in optical imagery

Forest succession is a fundamental ecological process which has significant implications for natural resource management as well as ecosystem biological, biophysical and biogeochemical processes. Remote sensing is perhaps the only practical option to monitor forest succession for large areas in a timely and cost efficient manner. To improve our understanding of the manifestation of forest succession in optical imagery, we integrate the ZELIG forest ecosystem dynamics model with the GORT canopy reflectance model. Model simulation found that temporal trajectories of forest succession are highly nonlinear in both the rate and the direction of change in spectral space. During the early years of succession, background signatures. have a significant influence on the overall forest canopy reflectance. Analysis of Landsat TM data found the spectral/temporal pattern as simulated by GORT-ZELIG for a young successfully regenerated stand in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Further investigations are needed to validate and test the robustness of the simulated successional trajectories and determine their utility in monitoring forest succession.
Renal function in persons occupationally exposed to pesticides.

Kidney-function tests carried out on 42 pesticideexposed and 23 control subjects failed to identify chronic occupational differences in glomerular function, or in tubular reabsorption of phosphate or total α amino acid nitrogen. In one case of acute organophosphate poisoning, tubular reabsorption of phosphate was initially defective but returned to normal in the course of four months. Certain occupational differences in uric acid excretion are as yet unexplained.
Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of six diverse varieties of whole wheat.

The phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of six diverse varieties of whole wheat are reported. The free phenolic content ranged from 255 (KanQueen) to 499 (Roane) μmol gallic acid equivalents/100 g DW. The bound phenolic content ranged from 582 (Roane) to 662 (Cham1) μmol gallic acid equivalents/100 g DW. The bound fraction contributed 53.8–69.7% of the total phenolic content of the wheat varieties analysed. Ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic acid found in whole wheat. Total ferulic acid content ranged from 310.8 (Caledonia) to 496.1 (KanQueen) μmol ferulic acid/100 g DW. The percentage of ferulic acid found in the insoluble-bound fraction ranged from 87.4% (Caledonia) to 97.2% (KanQueen). Other phenolic acids, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, and caffeic acid were also detected. Lutein was the predominant carotenoid found in the whole wheat varieties analysed. Zeaxanthin, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin were also detected. Mainly α- and β-tocopherols and α- and β-tocotrienols were found in all varieties of whole wheat though γ-tocopherol was detected in all but two varieties. β-Tocotrienol was the predominant form of vitamin E found in all varieties of whole wheat. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The ORAC of the free fraction ranged from 1958 to 3749 μmol Trolox equivalents/100 g DW. The ORAC of the bound fraction ranged from 3190 to 5945 μmol Trolox equivalents/100 g DW. Total phenolic content was correlated with oxygen radical absorbance capacity (R2 = 0.810; p < 0.001). The phytochemicals found in whole grains may be responsible for the health benefit of whole grain consumption.
Regulatory Considerations in the Design of Comparative Observational Studies Using Propensity Scores

In the evaluation of medical products, including drugs, biological products, and medical devices, comparative observational studies could play an important role when properly conducted randomized, well-controlled clinical trials are infeasible due to ethical or practical reasons. However, various biases could be introduced at every stage and into every aspect of the observational study, and consequently the interpretation of the resulting statistical inference would be of concern. While there do exist statistical techniques for addressing some of the challenging issues, often based on propensity score methodology, these statistical tools probably have not been as widely employed in prospectively designing observational studies as they should be. There are also times when they are implemented in an unscientific manner, such as performing propensity score model selection for a dataset involving outcome data in the same dataset, so that the integrity of observational study design and the interpretability of outcome analysis results could be compromised. In this paper, regulatory considerations on prospective study design using propensity scores are shared and illustrated with hypothetical examples.
On the crystal structure of the quasicrystalline approximant YbCd6 at low temperature

Abstract The body-centered cubic (space group I m 3 ¯ , No. 204) crystal structure of the quasicrystalline approximant YbCd6 has been studied by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction at low temperature. These studies suggest that below 120 K, the disorder in the innermost Cd-shell in YbCd6 is best modeled with a 1/3 occupied cube-octahedron representing Cd4-tetrahedron in six possible orientations. The disordered cadmium atoms occupy the Wyckoff position 24g. Above this temperature, the disorder of the Cd4-tetrahedra inside the Cd20-dodecahedra in this “onion”-type structure becomes progressively larger and the Cd site can be further split as to occupy a general position with a Wyckoff letter 48f. These results are in agreement with the disorder model suggested previously from structure refinements of YbCd6 at room temperature.
Final States in Charmed Particle Decays

It is shown how weak decays of charmed particles provide information on the isospin of the charm-changing weak interactions, multi-particle production, enhancement of nonleptonic weak interactions, unseen decay modes of known charmed particles and best ways in which to discover new ones, and possible new weak currents and new fermions.
Core level shifts in Cu–Pd alloys as a function of bulk composition and structure

article i nfo Available online xxxx Composition spread alloy film Electron backscatter diffraction Density functional theory X-ray photoemission spectroscopy CuPd alloys Hydrogen purification CuPd alloys are important materials in hydrogen purification, where they are used as dense Pd-based separation membranes.Cuisaddedtoimpartsulfurtoleranceandimprovedmechanicalproperties.Atintermediate compo- sitions and T b 873 K, a BCC alloy (B2) phase occurs, which has superior separation characteristics to those of the FCCphasesthatformathighCuandhighPdcompositions.Identifying thecompositionandtemperature window where the B2 phase forms is a critical need to enable the design of improved alloys. A composition spread alloy film of Cu and Pd was synthesized. The film was characterized by electron back scatter diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, providing the core level shifts as a function of bulk composition and bulk structure. An anomalous deviation in the Cu core level shift was observed in the composition range 0.33 b xPd b 0.55 over which the B2 phase occurs. Density functional theory calculations were used to simulate core level shifts in the FCC and B2 alloy structures. They suggest that the anomalous deviation in core level shift is due to formation of the ordered B2 phase in this composition range.
Specifying the Semantics of while Programs: A Tutorial and Critique of a Paper by Hoare and Lauer

Abstract : Three kinds of mathematical objects are considered which can be designated as the 'meaning or 'semantics' of programs: binary relations between initial and final states, binary relations on predicates (partial correctness semantics), and functionals from predicates to predicates (predicate transformers). We exhibit various formal specification mechanisms: induction on program syntax, axioms, and deductive systems. We show that each kind of semantics can be specified by several different mechanisms. As long as arbitrary predicates on states are permitted, each kind of semantics uniquely determines the others -- with the sole exception of the weakest pre-condition semantics for nondeterministic programs.
Paramagnetic Relaxation of Trapped Hydrogen Atoms in Irradiated Frozen Aqueous Solutions

The paramagnetic relaxation characteristics of trapped hydrogen atoms in γ‐irradiated acidic and oxyanion ices were studied by power‐saturation techniques. Relaxation times were measured as a function of radiation dose, deuteration, phase, and solute. The EPR linewidth of the trapped hydrogen atom was measured under various conditions. The EPR lineshape and power‐saturation response indicate that the linewidth is due to contributions from both homogeneous and inhomogeneous interactions. The changes in relaxation time with radiation dose indicate that hydrogen atoms are trapped with a uniform distribution near oxyanions in the ice and are not trapped within radiation‐produced spurs. The presence of phase effects on relaxation times supports an interstitial‐defect model for the hydrogen‐atom trapping site and suggests that the trap potential energy well is shallower in the polycrystalline phase than in the glassy phase. In polycrystalline ices the coupling between trapped hydrogen atoms and lattice phonons ...
Effect of Total End Range Time on Improving Passive Range of Motion

The objective of this study was to test the validity of the so-called total end range time (TERT) theory. This theory claims that the amount of increase in passive range of motion (PROM) of a stiff joint is proportional to the amount of time the joint is held at its end range, or total end range time. Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) flexion contractures were chosen as a model upon which to test the theory. Digital extension casts were used to hold the PIPs at the end range of extension. Fifteen patients with 20 PIP flexion contractures between 15 degrees and 60 degrees volunteered for this study. All contractures resulted from primary orthopedic conditions; none arose from a central nervous system lesion. Each joint was treated by two periods of continuous casting in extension: a 6-day period and a 3-day period. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group A subjects wore the initial casts for 6 days and the subsequent casts for 3 days. Group B subjects wore the initial casts for 3 days and the subsequent casts for 6 days. Passive range of motion changes were measured under a controlled torque PROM technique before and after each casting period. The sum of the gains in PROM for all subjects during their 6 days of casting totaled 106 degrees (chi = 5.3 degrees). The total gain during the 3 days of casting was 60 degrees (chi = 3.0 degrees). This finding was significant at the p < 0.005 level of confidence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Disability in Prison Activities of Daily Living and Suicidal Ideation in Older Inmates

Introduction: Successful management of depression in the context of chronic disease hinges on patient patient-primrary care physician (PCP) communication and alliance. Yet patients with multimorbidity frequently report poor communication with the PCP. In fact, the more competing demands patients have (e.g., safety, mobility, function and financial concerns), the less likely the PCPs is to recognize the patient’s priorities. The ICOM-APP (improving communication about patient priorities) intervention is premised on the assumption that patients’ mental health outcomes will be improved if they are empowered and enabled to discuss their priorities with their PCP. This poster presents preliminary data from usability and feasibility studies conducted in primary care. Methods: We recruited patients, aged 40 and older with 2 or more chronic medical conditions (e.g. CAD, DM2, OA, Asthma, COPD) and depression from an urban primary care clinic that serves low income patients. We describe how we developed the components of the ICOMM-APP intervention and present usability data (time, efficiency; patient and provider satisfaction and experience with the computer based discussion prioritization from qualitative interviews) and feasibility data from 10 patient-PCP dyads. Results: Using a method of iterative testing and adaptation of the prototype, we tested several different versions of the intervention components. Feedback resulted in changes ranging from the design and wording of the information in the computer based tool, to changes in the amount of information patients are presented with, and the specific content included. Patients varying in age from 40 to 72 years, and coming from a variety of backgrounds and experiences, were comfortable using the computer based tool. Both patients and PCPs were supportive of using the tool in the waiting room and discussing the results during the office visit. Conclusions: Indirect support has been garnered for the idea that mental health outcomes can be improved by modifying patient-PCP communication and decision-making. To the best of our knowledge this is the first intervention to use a decisionaid to facilitate patient-PCP communication and patient autonomy order to improve mental health outcomes in primary care. Next steps will focus on conducing a randomized controlled trial of the intervention on important patient centered outcomes including patient-PCP communication and alliance.
Reception Training Effects on the Production of Modeled Language Constructions.

Abstract Several previous studies have reported that first-grade-age children increase their usage of prepositional phrases when exposed to novel (inverted) prepositional constructions. The hypothesis was tested that such anomalous increases could be eliminated by discrimination training on the two prepositional forms. One group of first-grade subjects (age 72 months) was trained to respond differentially to sentences containing either familiar or novel prepositional constructions, while a control group received only exposure to the same sentences. As predicted, when later exposed to the modeling of novel constructions, children in the pretrained group did not increase their frequency of familiar prepositional phrases, while those in the control group did.
Descending thoracic aorta-to-femoral artery bypass: Ten years' experience with a durable procedure

Abstract Purpose: Arterial bypass from the descending thoracic aorta to the femoral system provides successful perfusion when an approach to the abdominal aorta is undesirable. This review of a large series with a decade of experience was conducted to better define patency data and the natural history of patients after this operation. Methods: During a 10-year period, 21 patients, 18 men and 3 women (mean age 57 years), underwent descending thoracic aorta to left femoral artery bypass with femorofemoral bypass. These were placed to convert axillopopliteal or axillofemoral grafts (12 patients) to a more permanent inflow source. The axillary bypasses had been previously placed to allow removal of infected aortic grafts and had undergone a total of 14 revisions or thrombectomies before conversion. In addition, patients had this procedure after multiple failed attempts (at least two) at intraabdominal aortic repair (five patients) or to avoid exploration of the abdomen after extensive retroperitoneal dissection or radiation (four patients). Surgical technique involved a seventh interspace thoracotomy with a transdiaphragmatic retroperitoneal anterior axillary line tunnel to the left groin. Results: There was no perioperative morality. The mean hospital visit was 15.1 days and intensive care stay 4.3 days. There was no perioperative myocardial infarction, stroke, or renal failure that necessitated dialysis. With a follow-up period of 1 to 121 months (mean 44), the 4-year patency rate was 100%. A single graft failed at 49 months but was renewed by thrombectomy and femorofemoral bypass. Thus the extended patency rate was 86%, but the secondary patency rate remained 100% throughout. Since the thoracic operations, patients have required five femoropopliteal, three femorotibial, two profunda, and two femorofemoral operations. Conclusions: Descending thoracic aorta-to-femoral artery grafting is a safe, extremely durable arterial bypass configuration. It is an excellent reconstruction for survivors of aortic graft infection, those who have had multiple failures of aortic grafts, and patients for whom abdominal exploration would be hazardous. (J VASC SURG 1993;17:336-48.)
WITHIN-SALE PRICE VARIATION AT CATTLE AND CARCASS AUCTIONS

Price variability within cattle and carcass auction sales is examined through two statistical studies. A substantial element of the price variation at the cattle auction examined is found to be due to differences in the cattle-type factors — sex, carcass weight, fatness and breed, and the factors district of origin, lot size and time of sale. Several of these factors are also found to be important explanators of price variation at carcass auctions.
Major infectious complications after orthotopic liver transplantation and comparison of outcomes in patients receiving cyclosporine or FK506 as primary immunosuppression

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the incidence of major infectious complications after orthotopic liver transplantation and to compare outcomes in patients receiving either cyclosporine (CsA) or FK506 (tacrolimus) as primary immunosuppression. Of 133 transplants performed in 118 patients, 124 transplant episodes were evaluated. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (INF) and disease (DIS), deep fungal infection (DFI), and intraabdominal bacterial infections (IAI) were catalogued. The overall incidences of major infectious outcomes were: CMV INF = 33%; CMV DIS = 19%; DFI = 15%; and IAI = 25%. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified donor seropositivity, OKT3 as secondary immunosuppression and initial intensive care unit (ICU) duration as risk factors for CMV INF and DIS in the overall population. Fungal colonization was the dominant risk factor associated with deep fungal infection. A choledochojejunostomy anastomosis, the number of cellular blood products transfused at the time of transplantation surgery, and prior CMV INF were independent risk factors for both fungal colonization and deep infection. The single risk factor identified for intraabdominal bacterial infections was the number of cellular blood products transfused at the time of surgery. In the Cox proportional hazards model the relative risk (RR) for each category of infection was lower in the FK506 group (CMV: RR = .87, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] = [.32-2.4]; DFI: .58 [.13-2.6]; IAI: .51 [.15-1.7]), but the effect was not statistically significant. Survival was similar in patients receiving FK506 or CsA. CMV INF and DFI were independent predictors of death for all patients. Risk factors identified for CMV INF and DIS support the findings of others. Higher intraoperative blood product requirements and complicated intraoperative or postoperative courses increase the risk for IAI or DFI. The development of effective strategies to prevent CMV and fungal infections in liver transplant recipients remains a priority for future endeavors.
Maternal salivary cortisol differs by fetal sex during the second half of pregnancy

Maternal salivary cortisol was measured at weekly intervals from 24 to 38 weeks gestation. The total sample consisted of 120 women enrolled in staggered intervals in such a way as to generate weekly measures of salivary cortisol during the latter half of pregnancy. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed the expected increase in unbound maternal cortisol during this period, with a slight deceleration in rate of increase at 33 weeks gestation. Women carrying male fetuses had higher levels of salivary cortisol initially as compared to women carrying female fetuses; at 30 weeks gestation there was cross-over such that higher maternal cortisol was observed in women carrying female fetuses beyond this time and through term. Results highlight the importance of considering fetal sex as a moderator of contemporaneous and predictive associations between maternal cortisol and prenatal or postnatal development.
Green's function simulation of terahertz photoconductivity in double quantum well field effect transistors

We present simulations of terahertz photo-response experiments on a double quantum well FET structure, with a periodic metallic grating. When radiation is shed on the device at a certain frequency, measurements show that photo-response peaks appear as the gate voltage is varied, over a range of frequencies and temperatures. To explain the basic physical phenomena at the basis of this experiment, we have developed a non-equilibrium Green's function model for the electron transport problem inside the device structure. Following a semi-empirical approach, we have developed a formulation to express the drag rate inclusive of radiation power absorption and Coulomb drag effects, starting from an existing approach for coupled wells in the absence of radiation. A single calibration factor is evaluated for one experimental condition and left unchanged for all other situations examined. The simulation results follow closely the measured data in the range of frequencies and temperatures covered by the experiments.
Unusual, metastatic, or neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas: a diagnosis with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and immunohistochemistry.

Background/Aim: To determine the yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in combination with immunostains in diagnosing unusual solid pancreatic masses (USPM) in comparison with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ACP). Patients and Methods: All EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic masses performed with a 22-gauge needle were included. Data on clinical presentations, mass characteristics, presence of pancreatitis, yield of tissue, and final diagnosis were compared between the two groups. On site cytopathology was provided and additional passes were requested to perform immunostains. Results : Two hundred and twenty-nine cases with either adenocarcinoma or USPM were included. The median age of the cohort was 65 years. ACP (210/229, 92%) accounted for the majority of the cases. The USPM included neuroendocrine (NET) masses (n=13), metastatic renal carcinoma (n=3), metastatic melanoma (n=1), lymphoma (n=1), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n=1). Subjects with ACP were significantly more likely to present with loss of weight (P=0.02) or obstructive jaundice (P<0.001). Subjects with ACP were more likely to have suspicious/atypical FNA biopsy results as compared with USPM (10% vs 0%). The sensitivity of EUS-FNA with immunostains was 93% in ACP as compared with 100% in USPM. Diagnostic accuracy was higher in USPM as compared with ACP (100% vs 93%). Conclusions: EUS-FNA using a 22-gauge needle with immunostains has excellent diagnostic yield in patients with USPMs, which is comparable if not superior to the yield in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Fluid-Structure Modeling of Lung Epithelial Cell Deformation During the Reopening of Compliant Airways

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe lung disease caused by a variety of direct and indirect insults. During ARDS edema fluid accumulated in the lung inhibits gas exchange between air and blood. The main treatment for ARDS is mechanical ventilation. The ventilation of fluid filled lungs involves the propagation of microbubbles over a layer of epithelial cells as shown in Figure 1. Unfortunately, experimental studies [1,3] have demonstrated that the large shear and normal stress gradients generated by microbubbles cause significant cellular deformation and injury. As a result, the mortality rates for ARDS is high (∼30–40%).Copyright © 2010 by ASME
OCT3/4 regulates transcription of histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) in mouse embryonic stem cells

OCT3/4 is a POU domain transcription factor that is critical for maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal by embryonic stem (ES) cells and cells of the early mammalian embryo. It has been demonstrated to bind and regulate a number of genes, often in conjunction with the transcription factors SOX2 and NANOG. In an effort to further understand this regulatory network, chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to prepare a library of DNA segments specifically bound by OCT3/4 in undifferentiated mouse ES (mES) cell chromatin. One segment corresponds to a region within the first intron of the gene encoding histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4), a Class II histone deacetylase. This region acts as a transcriptional repressor and contains at least two functional sites that are specifically bound by OCT3/4. HDAC4 is not expressed in the nuclei of OCT3/4+ mES cells and is upregulated upon differentiation. These findings demonstrate the participation of OCT3/4 in the repression of Hdac4 in ES cells.
Some numerical results on the diagonalization algorithm for network assignment with asymmetric interactions between cars and trucks

Abstract Numerical experiments are performed to test the applicability of the diagonalization algorithm to problems involving asymmetric interactions between passenger cars and trucks in highway networks. Three test networks are considered, including a representation of the Texas highway network, thus providing a realistic case application. The main aspects of the algorithm's performance addressed in these experiments are its convergence characteristics as well as the effectiveness of some computational streamlining strategies. Although convergence is not guaranteed a priori , it was actually achieved in all test cases. Furthermore, it was shown that shortcut strategies can considerably reduce the algorithm's computational requirements. These strategies involve performing only a few “internal” Frank-Wolfe iterations in solving the sequence of diagonalized subproblems. The results suggest the use of less than four internal iterations, with the use of two such iterations exhibiting the highest frequency of best performance in the tests conducted, followed by one and three internal iterations, respectively.
Hydrogen bonding with aromatic rings

Thermodynamic effects of hydrogen bonding are important in determining the phase behavior in polar fluids. While efforts to understand “strong” donor and “strong” acceptor combinations (H-bonds involving a formation energy more negative than −20 kJ/mol such as alkanol-alkanol H-bonding have been substantial, weak H-bonds involving double bonds or aromatic rings as proton acceptors) have largely been ignored. Using FTIR spectroscopy H-bonding between alcohol donor and aromatic ring-containing acceptor molecules was studied including l-hexanol and cyclohexanol at low concentrations where self-association is negligible (strong donors). H-bonding “weak” acceptors studied include toluene and m-xylene. Clear spectroscopic evidence existed for the formation of H-bonds between the alcohol and aromatic molecules, which are much weaker than conventional “strong donor”–“strong acceptor” H-bonds. Using quantitative FTIR measurements, the percentage of H-bonded alcohol molecules over a range of aromatic concentrations was determined. Ab initio calculations also showed that alcohol–aromatic H-bonds are much weaker than alcohol–alcohol H-bonds. This H-bonding, though weak, will contribute significantly to the chemical potential of the molecules.
Interstitial '92ir flexible catheter radiofrequency hyperthermia treatments of head and neck and recurrent pelvic carcinomas

Abstract Since September 1983, five patients with head and neck cancers and five patients with pelvic or perineal recurrences of colorectal neoplasms received 192 Ir interstitial implants through flexible afterloading catheters that were modified to allow RF hyperthermia treatments of the tumor within 1 hr pre- and post-brachytherapy. Local control in the implant volume was obtained in three of the patients with head and neck cancers (base tongue-24; floor of mouth—11) with follow-up of 9 to 42 months. Two patients had local recurrences after disease-free periods of 8 and 24 months. Two of the five patients treated for pelvic recurrences had complete responses lasting less than 3 months; prolonged stabilization (12 months) of a presacral mass in a third patient also occurred, but the neoplasm eventually regrew. Average temperatures of 39.2°C to 43.7°C were obtained in the implant volumes of these patients during the 45 minute heating periods which took place prior to loading, and just after removal, of the 192 Ir seeds in each patient. No instances of intra or post-operative hemorrhage or necrosis of bone or soft tissues occurred in these patients. However, one individual required a permanent tracheostomy for persistent epiglottic edema after implantation as part of a base-tongue brachytherapy procedure. Interstitial RF hyperthermia in conjunction with brachytherapy appears to be a relatively safe and effective modality, but must be tested prospectively to compare its efficacy to interstitial irradiation alone.