cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Colorectal carcinoma with double somatic mismatch repair gene inactivation: clinical and pathological characteristics and response to immune checkpoint blockade.

Double somatic mismatch-repair-gene mutation/alteration is a recently recognized molecular mechanism that underlies microsatellite instability-high in some colorectal carcinomas. It remains to be determined whether and how microsatellite instability-high tumors with this molecular defect differ from their counterparts caused by other mechanisms, specifically, Lynch syndrome-associated and MLH1-promoter hypermethylated. In this study, we evaluated the clinical and pathological characteristics of a series of 15 double somatic mutation/alteration-associated microsatellite instability-high colorectal carcinomas identified from our genetics service and 68 such cases reported in the literature. We observed that these cases presented at an age similar to MLH1-promoter hypermethylated (n = 20) and microsatellite-stable (n = 39) cases but older than Lynch syndrome-associated cases (n = 20, p 47 mut/megabase), only one had tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes >10/high-power-field, yet all three exhibited measurable response. In summary, microsatellite instability-high colorectal carcinomas caused by double somatic mismatch-repair-gene mutation/alteration may have varied clinical and pathological characteristics, and some may have relatively low tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes; response to immune checkpoint inhibitors can be achieved in this group even when the lymphocytic infiltration is not abundant.
Collaboration Models for Teaching Design Within Specialized Contexts

While there exists a wealth of human-centered design projects in which students can successfully render their creative skills while producing a compelling portfolio piece, it is often problematic for faculty to frame and organize a product design collaboration obscured within a space of limited experience or access. This paper will compare and contrast three collaboration models employed in teaching design to undergraduate students on projects that required an in-depth understanding of unfamiliar contexts. Strengths and weaknesses observed through each of these approaches will be outlined, as well as the learning and design outcomes from projects focused on assistive technologies, commercial construction, and the healthcare sector. Faculty and team leaders will gain insights in how to structure their teaching collaborations to maximize student interactions, learning, and design results on specialized projects.
Effects of storage of wet brewers grains treated with salt or a commercially available preservative on the prevention of spoilage, in vitro and in situ dry matter digestibility, and intestinal protein digestibility

ABSTRACT Objective Two experiments aimed to evaluate the effects of storage of wet brewers grains (WBG) treated with salt or a commercial preservative (PRES) on (1) yeast and mold growth and IVDMD and (2) in situ DM and protein digestibility. Materials and Methods In Exp. 1, control (0%), PRES (0.05, 0.10, 0.15%), or salt (1.4, 2.6, 3.8%) treatments were allocated randomly in duplicate to 14 plastic tubs containing of 48.5 kg of fresh WBG. The tubs were left inside a room with temperature varying from 12.8 to 14.4°C for 28 d. Samples were collected every 2 d and analyzed for yeast and mold concentrations. Subsamples collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 were subjected to IVDMD in a batch culture fermenter. In Exp. 2, 3 cannulated cows were used twice in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square to determine the DM, NDF, ADF, and protein digestibility of WBG preserved for 1 wk with 0 or 0.10% PRES or 2.6% salt. Results and Discussion In Exp. 1, WBG treated with PRES had the least yeast counts. The WBG treated with salt (3.8%) and PRES (0.15%) had the least mold counts. Greater IVDMD was observed in WBG treated with salt. In Exp. 2, treatment with 2.6% salt resulted in greater in situ DM and protein digestibility. Implications and Applications Salt and PRES prevent spoilage of WBG, as indicated by yeast and mold counts, but salt has an advantage of improving DM and protein digestibility.
Coping with infidelity: The moderating role of self-esteem

Abstract Infidelity is one of the most damaging events individuals face in relationships. Given that a partner's infidelity poses serious threats to emotional and mental health, it is critical to understand what contributes to these consequences and to identify individual factors that might reduce the severity of the infidelity. In applying a stress perspective to infidelity, this study examined the links between negative cognitive appraisals, infidelity-related stress, and mental health outcomes, as well as the moderating effects of self-esteem on these associations, among a sample of 232 individuals who were recently cheated on. Analyses revealed that attributing causality and responsibility to the cheating partner was associated with greater infidelity-related stress, which in turn, was linked to heightened depression and anxiety symptoms. Further, moderation analyses identified self-esteem as an important dispositional protective mechanism. For those with high self-esteem, the effects of negative appraisals on infidelity-related stress, as well as infidelity-related stress on both depression and anxiety, were dampened. These findings reveal the importance of individuals’ perceptions of their partners’ infidelity, as well as their own their self-esteem, on the emotional and mental health toll of infidelity.
Sitagliptin-Induced Arthralgias: A Case Report.

On 14 August 2018, B.F., a 56-year-old woman, reported to the clinic for a pharmacist-led diabetes education session secondary to a visit with her provider on the same day. The patient had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on 29 May 2018 after completing routine laboratory testing 5 days earlier and was started on the combination therapy sitagliptin/metformin 50/1,000 mg twice daily. B.F.’s laboratory test values drawn on 24 May 2018 are shown in Table 1, and her medication history through the day of the education session is shown in Table 2. The patient was switched from sitagliptin/metformin to sitagliptin 100 mg once daily on 22 June 2018 because she had symptoms including upset stomach, diarrhea, and indigestion from the metformin component of the combination therapy. View this table: TABLE 1 B.F.’s Laboratory Test Values on 24 May 2018 View this table: TABLE 2 B.F.’s Medication History During her 14 August 2018 diabetes education session, B.F. revealed that she had been experiencing some neuropathy in her feet and that she had been checking her glucose regularly in the morning (with levels usually ∼200 mg/dL). Her last eye exam had been 2 years prior, and she had not yet had a diabetic foot exam. She then reported that 3 weeks into taking the sitagliptin, she began experiencing bad and worsening joint …
Requirements Complexity Definition and Classification using Natural Language Processing

This paper addresses the risks and impacts from use of subjective assessment of requirements complexity in planning, estimation, and test phases of software development. The risks are to delivery schedule and product quality and impacts are significant functionalities planned for later cycles, compressed times for testing and late detection of high severity defects. A solution to objectively determine complexity and ranking of requirements that mitigates these risks and impacts is discussed. Applying natural language processing, key words are identified in the given set of requirements, and their weights measured to determine the complexity class distribution and ranking. This classification and the ranked requirements data is used in estimation, planning, and defining development and test execution sequence. Objectively determined complexity classes improves accuracy in test estimation and planning. The complexity-based test sequencing mitigates risk to product quality and execution schedule by early discovery of high severity defects providing the project team a sufficient time to recover. This also lowers the project risk to subsequent phases as ranked complex requirements are tested early and simpler requirements are tested at the end of the cycle. Results and benefits obtained in applying this solution to several projects are presented contrasting with projects that did not use this.
MERR: Improving Security of Persistent Memory Objects via Efficient Memory Exposure Reduction and Randomization

This paper proposes a new defensive technique for memory, especially useful for long-living objects on Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), or called Persistent Memory objects (PMOs). The method takes a distinctive perspective, trying to reduce memory exposure time by largely shortening the overhead in attaching and detaching PMOs into the memory space. It does it through a novel idea, embedding page table subtrees inside PMOs. The paper discusses the complexities the technique brings, to permission controls and hardware implementations, and provides solutions. Experimental results show that the new technique reduces memory exposure time by 60% with a 5% time overhead (70% with 10.9% overhead). It allows much more frequent address randomizations (shortening the period from seconds to less than 41.4us), offering significant potential for enhancing memory security.
Associations of Reading Knowledge with Kindergarten and First Grade Teachers’ Reported Instructional Strategies

Teacher knowledge of reading is an important aspect of teacher quality, though limited research has investigated its associations with how classroom teachers report using instructional strategies t...
Achieving Sensor Identification and Data Flow Integrity in Critical Cyber-Physical Infrastructures

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are commonly found at National Critical Infrastructures that provide necessary cyber-enable services (e.g., energy) for society. In state-of-art SCADA systems, the physical process is monitored by field sensors, which transmit data to a SCADA master. In general, SCADA communication protocols lack proper security mechanisms to protect the integrity and security of field sensors. Thus field sensors are commonly vulnerable to standard cyber-attacks, e.g., data and identity spoofing. Field sensors are low-end devices, and state-of-art crypto solutions are not suitable. In this paper, we discuss a novel lightweight hardware-based security mechanism, namely, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). We introduce an SRAM-based PUF mechanism, which then we use to design an SRAM PUF Authentication and Integrity (SPAI) protocol. The SPAI protocol aims to ensure the integrity of data flow and protect the identity of field sensors. A prototype of the protocol has been implemented in a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, an SRAM, and a temperature sensor. We describe how a SCADA system emulation is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack using standard eavesdropping techniques. Then we show how our proposed SPAI protocol can prevent the man-in-the-middle attack through the embedded PUF mechanism.
A New Gold Rush: A Review of Current and Developing Diagnostic Tools for Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections in the United States and consequently are responsible for significant healthcare expenditure. The standard urine culture is the current gold standard for diagnosing urinary tract infections, however there are limitations of the test that directly contribute to increased healthcare costs. As a result, new and innovative techniques have been developed to address the inefficiencies of the current standard-it remains to be seen whether these tests should be performed adjunctly to, or perhaps even replace the urine culture. This review aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the newer and emerging diagnostic techniques such as PCR, expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC), and next generation sequencing (NGS).
Do ridesharing services increase alcohol consumption

Recent studies suggest ridesharing services, such as Uber and Lyft, may reduce instances of intoxicated driving. However, such services may reduce the costs, and thus increase the frequency and intensity, of drinking activity. To examine whether ridesharing affects alcohol consumption, we leverage spatial and temporal variation in the presence of Uber's taxi-like service, UberX, across the United States. Using self-reported measures of alcohol consumption in the past 30 days among individuals aged 21 to 64, we find that UberX is associated with a 3.6% increase in number of drinks per drinking day, a 2.7% increase in drinking days, a 5.4% increase in total drinks, a 4.3% increase in the maximum number of drinks in a single occasion, and a 1.3% increase in those who report drinking any alcohol. For certain groups, such as males, individuals aged 21-34, and students, UberX is associated with even larger increases in drinking. For example, among those aged 21-34, total drinks increase by 7.4% and binge drinking instances increase by 9.5%. We also find that the marginal impact of Uber on drinking is larger in areas that have weaker public transit. Using administrative employment data, we find that some of the additional alcohol consumption is occurring at bars. Specifically, we estimate that UberX is associated with a 3.5% increase in employment and a 3.7% increase in total earnings among workers at NAICS-designated "drinking places".
Experimental Acute BVDV Infection in White Tail Deer Fawn

Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) infect a number of domestic and wildlife species besides cattle. Because free ranging cervid populations are frequently in contact with domestic cattle in the US, possible transfer of BVDV between cattle and cervids has significant implications for proposed BVDV control programs. BVDV has been isolated from German roe deer, Scottish deer, white tail deer and mousedeer, but little information is available regarding clinical presentation and progression of infection in these species. Preliminary studies of experimental infection of deer with BVDV have noted seroconversion but no clinical signs. In this study we infected white tail deer fawns, negative for BVDV and antibodies against BVDV, with either a type 1 or a type 2 BVDV The clinical progression following inoculation in these fawns was similar to that seen in BVDV infections in cattle and included fever and depletion of circulating lymphocytes.
Psychosis Biotypes: Replication and Validation from the B-SNIP Consortium

Current clinical phenomenological diagnosis in psychiatry neither captures biologically homologous disease entities nor allows for individualized treatment prescriptions based on neurobiology. In this report, we studied two large samples of cases with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar I disorder with psychosis, presentations with clinical features of hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, affective, or negative symptoms. A biomarker approach to subtyping psychosis cases (called psychosis Biotypes) captured neurobiological homology that was missed by conventional clinical diagnoses. Two samples (called "B-SNIP1" with 711 psychosis and 274 healthy persons, and the "replication sample" with 717 psychosis and 198 healthy persons) showed that 44 individual biomarkers, drawn from general cognition (BACS), motor inhibitory (stop signal), saccadic system (pro- and anti-saccades), and auditory EEG/ERP (paired-stimuli and oddball) tasks of psychosis-relevant brain functions were replicable (r's from .96-.99) and temporally stable (r's from .76-.95). Using numerical taxonomy (k-means clustering) with nine groups of integrated biomarker characteristics (called bio-factors) yielded three Biotypes that were virtually identical between the two samples and showed highly similar case assignments to subgroups based on cross-validations (88.5%-89%). Biotypes-1 and -2 shared poor cognition. Biotype-1 was further characterized by low neural response magnitudes, while Biotype-2 was further characterized by overactive neural responses and poor sensory motor inhibition. Biotype-3 was nearly normal on all bio-factors. Construct validation of Biotype EEG/ERP neurophysiology using measures of intrinsic neural activity and auditory steady state stimulation highlighted the robustness of these outcomes. Psychosis Biotypes may yield meaningful neurobiological targets for treatments and etiological investigations.
Quantitative analysis of tegmen bone mineral density in obese and non-obese patients.

BACKGROUND Certain factors have been linked to lateral skull base demineralisation or erosion, which may predispose to spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak. There are relatively few quantitative reports of skull base changes in patient populations. METHOD A novel refined measurement algorithm for quantification of tegmen bone mineral density was developed, and bone mineral density between obese and non-obese patient groups was compared. Computed tomography scans were analysed by three blinded reviewers, and tegmen bone mineral densities were compared. RESULTS There were 23 patients in the obese group and 27 matched controls in the non-obese group. Inter-rater reliability was 'strong' to 'near complete' (κ = 0.75-0.86). No differences in tegmen bone mineral density were found between the groups (p = 0.64). The number of active blood pressure medications correlated positively with lateral skull base bone mineral density. CONCLUSION A novel, refined, quantitative measurement algorithm for the assessment of tegmen bone mineral density was developed and validated. Obesity was not found to significantly affect tegmen bone mineral density.
The Future of Pluralism Revisited

This chapter explores the future of pluralism from the point of view of social psychology. It examines social-psychological principles relevant to achieving a society that accommodates a variety of cultural groups and at the same time reduces intergroup conflict.
Pathologic physiology and chemotherapy of Plasmodium berghei. III. Renal function in rats infected with Plasmodium berghei.

Abstract Rats infected with Plasmodium berghei show reduction in renal plasma flow and sodium excretion. The following mechanisms are involved in the changes in renal function: (1) release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla; (2) direct action of hematin on the kidney; and (3) direct action of the malarial parasite on renal cells of malarial rats.
The effects of displacement discontinuity derivatives on wave propagation—II: Body force for a half-space

Abstract Displacement discontinuities and inertial forces in an elastic solid can be represented as body forces. Fully dynamic, 3-dimensional treatments of largely arbitrary body force fields in half-spaces with, respectively, traction free and zero-displacement surfaces are given. The effects of the body force at the observation point, its value over the half-space surface, and its divergence and curl in the half-space on each component wave in the displacement signal are studied. The relations of the solution to the unbounded solid problem and the Helmholtz potentials for the body force field are also noted. The results indicate the general effects of body force derivatives on the wave propagation, and will be a guide for future work on displacement discontinuity and inertial force response.
The Mg 24 ( γ , 3 p 3 n ) F 18 Reaction Induced by 70-Mev Bremsstrahlung

${\mathrm{F}}^{18}$ was identified among the products of an irradiation of Mg by 70-Mev bremsstrahlung by means of its chemical and radioactive properties. Considering the ${\mathrm{F}}^{18}$ to be formed solely by the loss of six nucleons from ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}$, the yield of the process ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{F}}^{18}$ was 0.042 on the basis of unity for ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{N}}^{13}+n$. Preliminary experiments have indicated that 70-Mev bremsstrahlung gives the processes ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{Cl}}^{34}$ and ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{35,37}+\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{Si}}^{31}$.
Finding a Voice through Music: Implications for Culturally Responsive Pedagogy

This article will focus on the role music played in the life of a young African American girl growing up in the south during the civil rights movement. Born into an authoritarian household, the young girl found comfort in the sound of singing and in the music she heard in the church. She received lessons singing and playing piano at a very early age; her music helped her feel a sense of self-worth. In 1961, amid the backdrop of civil unrest, the young adolescent was enrolled in what had been an all-white junior high school. For two years, she was the only African American student to attend the school; her life reflected the struggle played out across the country in acts of violence and racial tension. As a young girl struggling in an oppressive school environment, she again found solace in singing. Silenced by teachers who ignored her, and by classmates who taunted her in the halls, the shy student found some sense of relief in the choral classroom where the act of singing gave her a voice. Music continued to play an important role in her life as she grew up in the quickly changing landscape of the south during the 50s and 60s. Drawing upon these experiences, we will explore how music can both reflect and affect a person's life and we will consider a framework for creating a positive, supportive environment for all choral musicians.
Compressibility as the Basis for Soil Bearing Value

Value and practicability of rupture theory as chief basis for bearing value determination is questioned; as alternative it is proposed that contact pressures and footing sizes be selected so as to equalize settlement due to soil compression; procedures for use in practical applications are proposed.
Publicly-Held Private Equity Firms and the Rejection of Law as a Governance Device

A number of large private equity firms have conducted public offerings in recent years. Up to this point, these offerings have been noteworthy primarily for their use of non-corporate forms, such as limited partnerships and limited liability companies. This Article argues that these recent offerings have done something even more significant – they have developed a new governance model for large firms. This new model not only rejects most of the protections that corporate shareholders have become accustomed to, but also rejects most of the partnership and noncorporate governance mechanisms as well. What remains are investor protection devices that do not rely on legal enforcement-mechanisms such as the alignment of managers' and outside investors' economic interests and reliance on reputational constraints to guide managerial behavior. This article investigates in detail the formation documents and regulatory filings of every private equity firm to conduct a public offering in the United States. It describes how these firms have eliminated traditional governance devices, both corporate and non-corporate, presents the primarily extralegal protections on which investors must rely, and raises questions and concerns about the reliability and effectiveness of this new governance model.
The cause of the nova outburst

A large number of models are evolved for thermonuclear runaways in the hydrogen-rich envelopes of 1.00-solar-mass carbon-oxygen white dwarfs. Models characterized by enhanced CNO abundances satisfy the observations of the common nova outburst, ejecting from 10 to the 27th to 10 to the 29th power g at velocities of 200 to 2400 km/s and kinetic energies of 10 to the 44th to 10 to the 45th power erg. The theoretical light curves are similar to the observed light curves of common novae during the early stages of the outbursts. Explanations are given for the continuous ejection of mass which is observed for long times after the initial outbursts, for the relationship between maximum magnitude and the decline to minimum, and for the constant luminosity phase of the outburst and the oval shapes of the ejected nebulae. The analysis is extended to models with extreme enhancements of C-12 and to models which include infalling material in the evolution. The extreme C-12 studies result in outbursts which reach near-supernova proportions, while the accretion models result in light curves which resemble observed light curves quite closely. The accretion studies also demonstrate the need for enhanced abundances.
Measurement of Phosphorus in Metals by RNAA

An RNAA procedure has been developed for measurement of low-level phosphorus in metals. Samples are irradiated at a neutron flux of 2.7·1013 n·cm−2·s−1 then mixed with carrier and dissolved in acid. After chemical separation and purification of the phosphorus and gravimetric determination of carrier yield, 32P is determined using a beta proportional counter. The detection limit for a 0.1 g sample irradiated for 30 minutes is 5 μg/kg. The method has been used to determine 6.4±0.6 mg/kg phosphorus in SRM 2175 refractory alloy.
Long-term follow-up of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis detected in environmental health studies.

Background: Four individuals in whom Monoclonal B cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) had been previously detected were evaluated for the fourth time after 15–18 years since initial testing. All four were environmental health study participants without hematologic malignancies who had elevated absolute B cell counts at initial testing. Methods: The current laboratory evaluation included complete blood counts, lymphocyte immunophenotypes, immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IGHV) gene mutation status, and serum tests for monoclonal immunoglobulins and free light chains. Results from this evaluation were compared with those from the three previous evaluations. Clinical status was assessed by reviewing medical records. Results: B-cell clones with phenotypic characteristics of the original MBL clone were detected in three of the four individuals. Since the last evaluation in 2003, one participant who had a clinical diagnosis of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia had developed a diffuse large cell lymphoma and was treated. Another participant continued to show a decline in lymphocyte and B cell counts, reaching clinical lymphocytopenia and B cell lymphopenia. The MBL clone was still detectable. The remaining two participants had stable blood counts and MBL phenotypes. Neither had been diagnosed with a hematologic malignancy. However, molecular analysis revealed clonal changes in both: one showed a marked decline in the percentage of somatically-mutated B cells, and the other showed a clonal transition from IGHV3-13 to IGHV4-34. Conclusions: A diversity of clonal evolution was observed in these MBL cases. These observations suggest that long-term follow-up studies using standardized MBL subcategories are essential to understanding B-cell pathobiology and optimizing clinical management. Published 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coping with Medical Diagnosis: The Effects of At-Risk Versus Disease Labels Over Time1

We randomly assigned college students to conditions in which they learned that they had gum disease, were at risk of having gum disease, or did not have gum disease. Then we examined their coping responses both immediately after the diagnosis and 2 days later. Students that told they had gum disease saw the disease as more prevalent than students in the other conditions; students identified as at risk saw the disease as more common than students who were told they had no disease. In addition, disease and at-risk diagnosis subjects believed that the disease was less serious but, during the 2-day interval between tests, they reported experiencing more bleeding–a symptom of gum disease. All of these responses to diagnosis were similar immediately after diagnosis and 2 days later. The data support a model of how persons react to illness signs (Ditto, Jemmott, & Darley, 1988) and have practical implications for dental professionals involved in diagnosing gum disease.
Measurement of the Energy Dependence of Neutron Damage in Silicon Devices

An experiment is described which measures the permanent degradation of silicon device parameters as a function of neutron energy. The neutron source is a nuclear weapon with time-of-flight giving energy resolution. The neutron spectrum is measured with a dielectric track detector, and 20,000 transistors measure the neutron caused degradation. An integral equation is unfolded to yield the energy dependence of neutron damage.
Monte Carlo evaluation of specific dose constants in water for 125I seeds

To clinically utilize relative three‐dimensional dose distribution data for 1 2 5I seeds in water, the specific dose constant must be known. This constant is the ratio of absolute dose rate in medium, 1 cm from the source on its transverse bisector, to source strength. We have used the Monte Carlo method to calculate specific dose constants in water for three types of 1 2 5I seeds (models 6711, 6701, and 6702). Our photon transport code realistically models the complex internal structure of these interstitial sources as well as the exposure standardization experiments conducted at the National Bureau of Standards which form the basis of 1 2 5I source strength specification. In addition, relative attenuation factors for the three seed types are presented. Our results indicate that published data overestimate the specific dose constant by 10% to 14%.
Cigarette Smoking in the Adolescent Children of Drug-Abusing Fathers

OBJECTIVE. This study examined the longitudinal predictors of cigarette smoking in a sample of at-risk adolescents whose fathers were drug abusers (N = 296). METHODS. At time 1, structured interviews were administered, separately and in private, to male and female youth (X age = 16.3) and their fathers; adolescents were reinterviewed ∼1 year later (at time 2). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the interrelationship of time 1 paternal tobacco and illicit drug use, father–child relations, adolescent psychological adjustment, and peer group factors and adolescent smoking at time 2. A supplementary analysis assessed the same model with control on the adolescent9s age, gender, frequency of contact with the father, and the father9s treatment status. RESULTS. The structural equation model showed a mediational pathway linking paternal tobacco and drug use to a weak and conflictual father–child relationship, which was associated with greater adolescent maladjustment, which in turn was related to deviant peer affiliations, which predicted adolescent smoking at time 2. There was also a direct path from paternal tobacco and drug use to adolescent time 2 smoking. The supplementary analysis found no significant differences between the models with and without control. CONCLUSIONS. Findings provide evidence of the mechanisms that underlie the association between paternal drug use characteristics and smoking in the adolescent child. Clinical implications suggest the importance of the father–child relationship to smoking prevention programs for at-risk youth.
Hypophysectomy induced hypersensitivity to dopamine: antagonism by estrogen.

Abstract Hypophysectomized (HYPOX) or sham HYPOX (SHAM) and ovariectomized rats were injected with either estradiol benzoate (EB, 10 μg/kg/day × 3) or sesame oil (0.25ml/kg/day× 3). Twenty hours after the last dose of EB or oil all animals were injected with apomorphine and the resulting stereotypy scored. The HYPOX + oil group was more sensitive to the apomorphine than the SHAM + oil group (ED 50 = 0.24 and 0.45mg/kg, respectively). Treatment with EB resulted in a shift to the right of the dose response curves for both the HYPOX and SHAM groups. The ED 50 for the HYPOX group was increased to 0.62 mg/kg, while the SHAM group increased to 0.93 mg/kg. The B max values for [ 3 H]spiroperidol binding to striatal membranes were not significantly different for the HYPOX + EB, SHAM + EB, or SHAM + oil groups. However, the HYPOX + oil group was significantly increased (54%) at 7 days post-HYPOX. By 28 days post-HYPOX, the B max for the HYPOX animals had increased by 94% relative to SHAM animals. The HYPOX induced increase in dopamine sensitivity could be increased by chronic treatment and withdrawal of haloperidol. The haloperidol induced increase in apomorphine induced stereotypy and [ 3 H]spiroperidol binding could be antagonized by EB treatment during the withdrawal phase of the haloperidol treatment. These data indicate that the pituitary has a modulating effect on striatal spiroperidol binding and apomorphine induced stereotypy, but that its presence is not required for estrogen to suppress the efficacy of dopamine or dopamine agonists.
Unusual Constraints in the Quantum Statistical Mechanics of Josephson Junction Systems

In order to apply quantum statistical mechanics to systems composed of Josephson junctions, the unconventional constraint of fixed “macroscopic wave function” magnitudes on either side of a junction must be accommodated. In order to use this information, the density matrix formalism must be extended to deal directly with probability distributions over general quantum states. As a result, in thermal equilibrium, the explicit temperature dependence becomes modified from the trivial 1/kT factors.
Stresses in Adhesive Joints Due To Moisture and Temperature

This paper presents an analysis of the bonding stresses at the interface between an adhesive layer and an adherent when the exposed edges of the adhesive absorb moisture or when the joint is subjec...
Session Search by Direct Policy Learning

This paper proposes a novel retrieval model for session search. Through gradient descent, the model finds optimal policies for the best search engine actions from what is observed in the user and search engine interactions. The proposed framework applies direct policy learning to session search such that it greatly reduce the model complexity than prior work. It is also a flexible design, which includes a wide range of features describing the rich interactions in session search. The framework is shown to be highly effective evaluated on the recent TREC Session Tracks. As part of the efforts to bring reinforcement learning to information retrieval, this paper makes a novel contribution in theoretical modeling for session search.
Grapevine Red Blotch-Associated Virus, an Emerging Threat to the Grapevine Industry.

Grapevine red blotch-associated virus (GRBaV) is a newly identified virus of grapevines and a putative member of a new genus within the family Geminiviridae. This virus is associated with red blotch disease that was first reported in California in 2008. It affects the profitability of vineyards by substantially reducing fruit quality and ripening. In red-berried grapevine cultivars, foliar disease symptoms consist of red blotches early in the season that can expand and coalesce across most of the leaf blade later in the season. In white-berried grapevine cultivars, foliar disease symptoms are less conspicuous and generally involve irregular chlorotic areas that may become necrotic late in the season. Determining the GRBaV genome sequence yielded critical information for the design of primers for polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostics. To date, GRBaV has been reported in the major grape-growing areas in North America and two distinct phylogenetic clades have been described. Spread of GRBaV is suspecte...
From sentence to sequence: Understanding the medical encounter through microinteractional analysis

(1984). From sentence to sequence: Understanding the medical encounter through microinteractional analysis. Discourse Processes: Vol. 7, Physicians and Patients in Social Interaction: Medical Encounters as a Discourse Process, pp. 135-170.
Androgen modification of behavioral responsiveness to estrogen in the male rat.

Abstract Male rats castrated at birth or at 60 days of age were injected every other day with 500 μg testosterone propionate (TP), 10 μg TP, or oil beginning at either birth or 14 days of age until they were 60 days old. At 90 days of age subjects were tested for female behavior during a series of daily injections of 200 μg of estradiol benzoate (EB). It was found that all groups eventually exhibited lordosis responses, but the latency of these responses over the test series varied as did the peak level of estrous behavior exhibited. Exposure to androgen during the neonatal period but not after 14 days of age diminished the maximal level of estrous behavior exhibited and delayed its onset. High dosages of TP during the neonatal period reduced behavioral responsivity to EB to a greater extent than did androgen provided by the neonatal testis. Results are interpreted to support suggestions that a primary modification produced by androgen present neotally is a quantitative decrease in behavioral responsivity to estrogen.
Production of jets and single particles at high p⊥ in 200 GeV hadron-beryllium collisions

Abstract We present results from an experiment studying the production of single particles and jets (groups of particles) with high p ⊥ (transverse momentum) in 200 GeV/ c interactions on a beryllium target. We give a detailed discussion of the ambiguities in the jet definition. The jet and single-particle cross sections have a similar shape but the jet cross section is over two orders of magnitude larger. The events show evidence for the coplanar structure suggested by constituent models, and the momentum distributions of charged particles give strong support to a simple quark-quark scattering model.
Performance of a gallium-cooled 85° inclined silicon monochromator for a high power density X-ray beam

We have made double crstal rocking curve measurements on a gallium-cooled silicon monochromator in both the normal flat geometry and an 85° inclined geometry on the X-25 focused wiggler beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source. At 192 mA ring current, the focused wiggler delivers about 37.7 W of power into a spot size of FWHM 0.4 × 0.8 mm2, resulting in an average power density of about 118 W/mm2. The inclined crystal geometry spreads the beam footprint on the surface of the crystal while maintaining a b = −1 symmetric Bragg reflection. At an 85° inclination angle, the beam footprint is 11.5 times larger than that for the flat geometry. In the case of the flat geometry at a ring current of 156 mA, we see, via an infrared camera, an increase in temperature of 56°C above the nominal silicon temperature. The rocking curve this case were significantly broadened (FWHM for 15 keV Si(333) = 35 arcsec) due to the thermally induced strain in the silicon. In the inclined crystal, the thermal peak on the crystal was only about 2.7°C above the nominal silicon temperature. In this case, the rocking curve width for the 15 keV Si(333) reflection was measured to be FWHM = 2.7 arc sec compared with the theoretical width of FWHM = 1.0 arcsec. The residual strain is totally due to the mounting of the crystals and not the heating from the X-ray beam.
Output feedback economic model predictive control of parabolic PDE systems

We proposed an economic model predictive control (EMPC) system for parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) systems in [17]. The EMPC system assumed the knowledge of the complete state spatial profile at each sampling period. From a practical point of view, measurements of the state variables are available only at a finite number of spatial positions. To address this practical consideration, an output feedback EMPC system that accounts for both manipulated input and state constraints is developed for a quasi-linear parabolic PDE system. The EMPC system is applied to a non-isothermal tubular reactor. Two EMPC systems, each utilizing a different number of measurement sensors and formulated with various degrees of accuracy (i.e., number of modes retained from the infinite-dimensional model), are presented and compared on the basis of model accuracy, and input and state constraint satisfaction.
The Effect of Machine Geometry and Materials on the Starting Torque of the Shaded-Pole Induction Motor

A formula in closed form is presented for the starting torque of constant air-gap shaded-pole motors. The formula involves only the applied voltage, machine geometry, and material characteristics. It is subsequently used to evaluate the effect of geometry and material changes on the starting torque, confirming in a general manner some previously known results, and providing further insight into the design optimization process.
A passive matrix addressed organic electroluminescent display using a stack of insulators as row separators

In order to use the impressive performances of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in high-resolution flat-panel displays (FPDs), ways must be found to circumvent their incompatibility with standard microfabrication techniques. To integrate organic compounds in a passive matrix, one must be able to pattern the top electrode in rows without exposing them to any processing. We deposited a stack of three different insulators in one process in a commercial plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) tool, patterned it in a single lithography step and in a single wet etch step. The top insulator etches slowest, so the stack gets undercut. When organics and the top electrode are thermally evaporated on this pattern, they are physically discontinuous at the edges of the overhanging insulator. The lowest insulator etches slower than the middle one, so it tails out and prevents short circuits when the top electrode flows over the edge of the organic layers. This process combines simplicity and high resolution, two prerequisites for OLEDs to compete with existing FPD technologies.
EFFECT OF WALL CONDUCTION AND RADIATION ON NATURAL CONVECTION IN A RECTANGULAR CAVITY

Numerical results have been obtained for the effects of wall conduction and radiation heat exchange between surfaces on laminar natural-convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional rectangular cavity. Parametric heat transfer calculations have been performed and results are presented In graphic and tabular form. Local and average Nusselt numbers along the cavity walls are reported for a range of parameters of physical interest. The findings suggest that the local or the average Nusselt number may not be a meaningful parameter for use in conjugate heat transfer problems. The results indicate that natural-convection heat transfer in the cavity is reduced by heat conduction in the walls and radiation exchange among surfaces.
Deconstructing death in paleodemography.

In 1992 in this Journal (Konigsberg and Frankenberg [1992] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 89:235–256), we wrote about the use of maximum likelihood methods for the “estimation of age structure in anthropological demography.” More specifically, we presented a particular method (the “iterated age-length key”) from the fisheries literature and suggested that the method could be used in human and primate demography and paleodemography as well. In our paper (section titled “Some Future Directions”), we spelled out two broad areas that we expected to see develop over the ensuing years. First, we felt that the use of explicit likelihood methods would open up interest in basic estimation issues, such as the calculation of standard errors for demographic estimates and the formulation of tests for whether samples differed in their demographic structure. Second, we felt that the time was ripe for hazards analyses that would incorporate the uncertainty in estimation that follows from using age “indicators” rather than known ages. While some of these developments have occurred during the last decade, few have been reported in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. In this paper we resolve some issues from our 1992 paper, and attempt to redress this deficit in the literature by reviewing some recent developments in paleodemography over the past decade. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:297–309, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Genetic demonstration that the mutationally expressed nucleobase transporter of mouse S49 cells is nonconcentrative.

Abstract Somatic cell genetic analysis of purine base transporters in mouse S49 cells has demonstrated the existence of a unique high-affinity purine base transporter, which is mutationally expressed and is not found in wild-type S49 cells or any other cells of the animal kingdom (B. Aronow, et al. (1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6 , 2957). In order to determine whether this nucleobase transport system is active and concentrative, a secondary mutation in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) was inserted into the cell line expressing this novel base transporter. The HGPRTase-deficient cells were capable of transporting hypoxanthine at increased rates but did not accumulate the base to concentrations in excess of that in the culture medium. Moreover, neither sodium azide nor ouabain had significant effects on hypoxanthine transport rates, indicating that energy metabolism and the maintenance of a sodium gradient were not required for transport function. These studies suggest that the novel mutationally expressed base transporter is independent of subsequent metabolism and does not require energy or a functioning Na + -K + -dependent ATPase activity.
Review of "Introduction to IBM OS/JCL, by Still, Russ", Applied MicroSystems, Inc., 1983

This computer assisted instruction diskette for the Apple II computer provides an overview of the job control language structure for the IBM OS system. Almost every employer wants their new programmer trainee to have an exposure to the control language structure. Even if the computer system used by the organization is not an OS IBM system, the concepts provide the beginning fundamentals for control language for other hardware.
Detection and identification of ferricrocin produced by ectendomycorrhizal fungi in the genusWilcoxina

The ectendomycorrhizal fungiWilcoxina mikolae isolates CSY-14 and RMD-947 andW. rehmii isolate CSY-85 were grown in pure culture under iron-limiting conditions. All three isolates tested positive for siderophore formation using both the ferric perchlorate assay and a sensitive HPLC iron-binding assay. A peptide siderophore was isolated from the culture medium by HPLC and shown to contain the amino acids serine, glycine and ornithine in a 1:2:3 ratio. This siderophore was identified as ferricrocin on the basis of electrospray mass spectroscopy and its co-chromatography in two different HPLC systems with ferricrocin isolated fromAspergillus fumigatus. Ferricrocin was the only siderophore isolated from theseWilcoxina cultures. This is the first report of siderophore formation by ectendomycorrhizal fungi.
Traumatic cataract associated with mini glaucoma shunt

We report a case of a 30-year-old woman with aniridia who developed a traumatic cataract related to placement of an Ex-PRESS mini glaucoma shunt. To our knowledge, this potential complication of the device has not been reported. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Consistency among Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior

(1972). Consistency among Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 127-134.
DOES EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CONSPICUOUS COLORATION INCREASE RISK OF PREDATION AND CONSPECIFIC AGGRESSION IN FIRST-YEAR COLLARED LIZARD MALES?

Abstract I used paint to manipulate the coloration of first-year collared lizard males in the field to test whether conspicuous coloration increases risk of predation and/or aggression from dominant same-sex conspecifics, or resulted in decreased activity as a consequence of either or both increased attention from predators or socially dominant conspecifics. First-year collared lizard males are a good system for this study because their coloration is less developed than that of older males, they may suffer significant predation pressure, and instead of defending territories, they use stealthy tactics to avoid aggression from older socially-dominant males. To test these potential costs, I enhanced the coloration of first-year males in a conspicuous group by painting them similar to older territorial males, used brown paint similar to that of conspecific females to alter coloration in an inconspicuous group, and painted a control group with water. I then recorded census and focal observation data on these m...