cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Liquidity Effect of a Money Shock

There is widespread agreement that a surprise injection of reserves by a central bank drives interest rates down, and employment and output up, at least in the short run. Many existing equilibrium business cycle models with money imply exactly the opposite. Lucas and Fuerst recently proposed a model assumption which can increase the strength of the liquidity effect associated with a monetary shock. I use a series of numerical examples to build intuition about the conditions under which the Lucas-Fuerst assumption can successfully reconcile existing money models with the facts.
A broadband waveguide to microstrip-line transition on multi-layered LCP substrate

In this paper, a broadband waveguide WR-15 to microstrip-line (MSL) transition is proposed. The transition is structured on a multi-layered liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate. The substrate has two LCP layers and a metal back-short block is mounted on the substrate and is connected to ground plane. The WR-15 waveguide is directly connected to the substrate and is coupled with the MSL via rectangular apertures formed in the substrate. Small patches are put inside the apertures for enhancing the suppression of reflection. As a result, better mode transition is obtained if compared with one without the patches. A bandwidth of 16% (55–65 GHz) in which |S 11 |< −10 dB is obtained in measurement.
Imaging strategies for vascular rings

Thirty-nine patients have undergone operation for relief of tracheoesophageal compression resulting from vascular rings and related entities at the Mayo Clinic. Nineteen patients had a double aortic arch, 11 patients had a right aortic arch with an aberrant left subclavian artery, 5 patients had a left aortic arch with an aberrant right subclavian artery, 2 patients had a pulmonary artery sling, 1 patient had a right aortic arch with mirror-image branching and a left ligamentum arteriosum, and 1 patient had a left aortic arch, a right descending aorta, and a right ductus arteriosus. Diagnostic examinations included chest radiography, barium esophagography, angiography, and, more recently, transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A comparison among the various diagnostic techniques used in 12 patients during the last 12 years showed that angiography (n = 7), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 5), and computed tomography (n = 3) were the most reliable, as they always accurately delineated the anatomy. However, in the 6 patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography, 1 of whom was an older child and 2 of whom were adults, the vascular abnormality was described correctly only once; in the other 5 patients, the results were false-negative or the technique failed to visualize the relevant vascular structures sufficiently. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging is our imaging technique of choice for the delineation of the vascular and tracheal anatomy in patients suspected of having a vascular ring.
Estimating Soil Hydraulic Parameters of a Field Drainage Experiment Using Inverse Techniques

Accurate assessment of water flow and contaminant transport in unsaturated porous media at the field scale is often hindered by difficulties associated with obtaining reliable estimates of soil hydraulic properties. The unsteady drainage-flux method is one of the commonly used methods to measure in situ unsaturated hydraulic properties of soils. However, the properties obtained by this method using instantaneous profile data analysis may not be the best estimation of actual values of hydraulic properties. We present an improved analysis of the data from drainage experiments using inverse modeling, which uses nonlinear regression methods to estimate hydraulic parameters. Parameter identifiability is evaluated through sensitivity and uniqueness analyses. We used the combination of the inverse modeling program, UCODE, with the flow simulator, STOMP, for inverse modeling. Applying the inverse method to a field drainage experiment in sandy soil showed that all the van Genuchten (1980) hydraulic parameters could be estimated uniquely when both water content (theta) and pressure head (h) data were used. The parameter estimates by inverse technique using both theta and h data simulated the flow better than the parameter values obtained by the conventional instantaneous-profile analysis method. After the spatial and temporal sensitivities were analyzed, a more rational experimental design was recommended.
Sonographic Prenatal Diagnosis of Turner Syndrome

Turner syndrome is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in female fetuses, in which all or part of one of the X chromosomes is absent or has some other abnormality. The syndrome has a number of characteristic sonographic findings such as diffuse fetal edema, cystic hygroma with septations, renal and cardiac anomalies, increased nuchal translucency, and growth retardation. A case is presented of Turner syndrome diagnosed by cytogenic testing after a number of anatomic anomalies, including diffuse edema, cystic hygroma and growth retardation, were found by sonography.
Bromouracil mutagenesis and mismatch repair in mutator strains of Escherichia coli

A screening procedure based on the formation of papillae on individual bacterial colonies was used to isolate mutants of Escherichia coli with high mutation rates in the presence of bromouracil. Most of the mutants obtained had high spontaneous mutation rates and mapped close to the previously known mutators mutT, mutS, mutR, uvrE and mutL. Except for mutants of mutT type, these mutators also showed high mutability by bromouracil. Transfection experiments were performed with heteroduplex lambda DNA to test for mismatch repair. The results suggest a reduced efficiency of repair of mismatched bases in mutators mutS, mutR, uvrE and mutL, whereas mutants mapping as mutT appear normal. The results support a connection between spontaneous and bromouracil-induced mutability and repair of mismatched bases in DNA.
Resting-state cortical connectivity predicts motor skill acquisition

Many studies have examined brain states in an effort to predict individual differences in the capacity for learning, with overall moderate results. The present study investigated how measures of cortical network function acquired at rest using dense-array EEG (256 leads) predict subsequent acquisition of a new motor skill. Brain activity was recorded in 17 healthy young subjects during 3min of wakeful rest prior to a single motor skill training session on a digital version of the pursuit rotor task. Practice was associated with significant gains in task performance (% time on target increased from 24% to 41%, p<0.0001). Using a partial least squares regression (PLS) model, coherence with the region of the left primary motor area (M1) in resting EEG data was a strong predictor of motor skill acquisition (R(2)=0.81 in a leave-one-out cross-validation analysis), exceeding the information provided by baseline behavior and demographics. Within this PLS model, greater skill acquisition was predicted by higher connectivity between M1 and left parietal cortex, possibly reflecting greater capacity for visuomotor integration, and by lower connectivity between M1 and left frontal-premotor areas, possibly reflecting differences in motor planning strategies. EEG coherence, which reflects functional connectivity, predicts individual motor skill acquisition with a level of accuracy that is remarkably high compared to prior reports using EEG or fMRI measures.
The interaction of α-chymotrypsin with 1-acyl-2-(α-aminoacyl)hydrazines

Abstract 1-Acetyl-2-( L -tyrosyl)hydrazine is a particularly effective inhibitor of α-chymotrypsin. The principal obligatory structural requirements for inhibitors of this type have been determined and the nature of their interaction with the enzyme has been examined.
Competitive procurement under demand uncertainty

Stockpilers of commodities in short supply must frequently contend with game-theoretic ramifications arising from the fact that unit purchasing cost increases with aggregate requirements. In this paper, a competitive inventory procurement model for countries facing uncertain demand is analyzed as a game of strategy. Noncooperative and cooperative aspects of the problem are examined. There are significant incentives for cooperating. Some implications of this analysis for strategic petroleum stockpiling models are discussed.
Effects of intravenous isradipine on left ventricular performance during rapid atrial pacing in coronary artery disease

Abstract The effects of isradipine, a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, were evaluated in 24 patients referred for elective cardiac catheterization because of suspected coronary artery disease. Hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV) function (by digi tal subtraction angiography) were measured at baseline and during rapid atrial pacing (mean peak heart rate 135 beats/min), which induced chest pain or electrocardiographic changes in all patients After a control pacing period, intravenous isradipine (0.01 mg/kg, n = 16) or placebo (n = 8) was administered in a double-blind fashion and all variables were measured again at baseline and during pacing to the same maximum heart rate. Before isradipine was given, pacing had no effect on systolic blood pressure, while increasing diastolic blood pressure (68 ± 8 to 87 ± 11 mm Hg, p 2 , p 2 , p
An Algebraic-Geometric Parametrization of the Canonical Basis

Abstract One of the observations of [L4] has been that the canonical basis [L1] of the + part of a quantized enveloping algebra attached to a Cartan matrix of finite type is naturally in bijection with a collection of subsets of the set of “totally positive” elements inG(R((e))) whereGis a semisimple simply connected algebraic group attached to the dual Cartan matrix andeis an indeterminate. (See also [L5].)This collection of subsets is not defined in algebraic-geometric terms since its definition involves positive real numbers. This paper arose from the desire to replace this collection of subsets by some algebraic-geometric objects which make sense over any field and still are in bijection with the canonical basis. For simplicity we will restrict ourselves to the simply laced case. (The general case can be easily reduced to it.) We replaceG(R((e))) byGs=G(C[[e]]/esC[[e]]) wheresis some large integer; this is regarded as an algebraic group overCof dimensions dim G. We replace the collections of subsets above by a finite collection of closed, irreducible algebraic subvarieties ofGs. This collection of subvarieties ofGsis naturally in bijection with a large subset of the canonical basis which becomes the entire canonical basis ass→∞.The bijection is established at the combinatorial level. I do not know how to relate directly the canonical basis with the subvarieties above.
Characterization of a Catalytically Slow AP Lyase Activity in DNA Polymerase γ and Other Family A DNA Polymerases

Mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (pol gamma) is active in base excision repair of AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) sites in DNA. Usually AP site repair involves cleavage on the 5' side of the deoxyribose phosphate by AP endonuclease. Previous experiments suggested that DNA pol gamma acts to catalyze the removal of a 5'-deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) group in addition to playing the conventional role of a DNA polymerase. We confirm that DNA pol gamma is an active dRP lyase and show that other members of the family A of DNA polymerases including Escherichia coli DNA pol I also possess this activity. The dRP lyase reaction proceeds by formation of a covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate that is converted to an enzyme-dRP intermediate following elimination of the DNA. Both intermediates can be cross-linked with NaBH(4). For both DNA pol gamma and the Klenow fragment of pol I, the enzyme-dRP intermediate is extremely stable. This limits the overall catalytic rate of the dRP lyase, so that family A DNA polymerases, unlike pol beta, may only be able to act as dRP lyases in repair of AP sites when they occur at low frequency in DNA.
A direct study of intracellular glycolysis in Ehrlich's ascites tumor.

Abstract The use of high specific activity tracers combined with 2-dimensional paper chromatography and rapid sampling techniques has permitted a direct study of the kinetics of glycolysis within the ascites tumor cell. It has been shown that the glycolytic intermediates undergo characteristic transient concn. changes directly following the feeding of glucose, and that these transient changes give evidence of the manner in which the cell ultimately achieves steady state. The evidence indicates that hexokinase activity is governed by product inhibition, and phosphohexokinase activity by an inhibition which is in accordance with the concn. of ATP.
Structuralism, Indispensability, and the Access Problem

§1: Structuralism and the Problem of Mathematics The central epistemological problem for mathematics is sometimes called the access problem. The access problem arises from a two-realm view, the supposition that the referents of mathematical singular terms inhabit a realm which is separate from us. The history of philosophy is littered with attempts to solve the access problem, which is just the old question of how concrete humans can have knowledge of abstract mathematical objects. Quine’s approach in the philosophy of mathematics, his indispensability argument, dissolves the access problem, though his solution sometimes goes unrecognized, even by those who are sympathetic to his work. This paper shows that the proponent of the indispensability argument can, to a certain extent, deflect criticisms based on the access argument. One way to try to solve the access problem involves positing a special human ability to learn about abstract objects. This rationalist approach is exemplified by Plato, Descartes, Godel, and Jerrold Katz, among many others. The central complaints about rationalism involve accusations of mysticism and desperation, and failure of parsimony, both epistemological parsimony and parsimony of the resulting ontology. 1 A second approach to the access problem denies the supposition that mathematical objects are separate from us. This approach is exemplified by Aristotle and Mill, and by Penelope Maddy’s early work. The central complaints about the Aristotelian approach involve the insufficiency of concrete objects as models of mathematical theories. 2
A Functional Screen for Regulatory Elements that Improve Retroviral Vector Gene Expression

Recombinant retroviruses constitute the most common class of gene delivery vectors used in hematopoietic cell-based gene therapy. However, the use of these vectors can be limited by inadequate levels of transgene expression, often mediated by expression variegation and vector silencing due to chromosomal position effects. Toward the goal of addressing this problem, we sought to identify cis-regulatory elements from the human genome that can improve the level and stability of retroviral vector gene expression. Libraries of size-selected fragments from the human genome were cloned into the “double-copy” position of the gammaretroviral reporter vector MGPN2, and the resulting vectors underwent several rounds of transduction and selection for high-level vector GFP expression. From this screen we identified both enhancer-like elements and vector mutations associated with increased vector expression. One element, H-11, exhibited enhancer activity in a mouse bone marrow progenitor colony assay, a human promoter trap assay, and a long-term mouse bone marrow transplant assay. This element seems to be an orientation-dependent, tissue-independent enhancer.
CYP2J2 epoxygenase membrane anchor plays an important role in facilitating electron transfer from CPR

CYP2J2 epoxygenase is a membrane-bound cytochrome P450 primarily expressed in the heart and plays a significant role in cardiovascular diseases. The interactions of CYP2J2 with its redox partner, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR), and with its substrates are quite complex and can have a significant effect on the kinetics of substrate metabolism. Here we show that the N-terminus of CYP2J2 plays an important role in the formation of CYP-CPR complex for subsequent electron transfer. We demonstrate that when CYP2J2-CPR are pre-incubated before the onset of reduction, the kinetics of reduction is triphasic and is of a similar order of magnitude to previously reported rates in other cytochrome P450 systems. However, when CYP2J2 and CPR form a complex during the time course of the experiment the kinetics of the fastest phase for N-terminus containing full-length CYP2J2 is 200 times faster than the kinetics of reduction of N-terminally truncated CYP2J2. Hence, we show that the N-terminus of CYP2J2 is very important to form a productive CYP-CPR complex to facilitate electron transfer.
A simple, quick, solid-phase method for radioimmunoassay of plasma estradiol in late pregnancy and of plasma cortisol

A method for the rapid measurement of plasma estradiol in late pregnancy and of plasma cortisol is described. It utilizes specific antisera co-polymerized in a solid phase of polyacrylamide gel, thus eliminating the need for chromatography, long incubation times, and the necessity for controlling accurately the time used for separation of bound and free labeled steroid. Interassay precision is satisfactory and only 0.1 ml of plasma is necessary in both cases.
A fine structure study on spermiogenesis in the Arachnida, Leiobunum sp. (Phalangida; Harvestmen).

Spermatids of the Phalangida, Leiobunum sp., contain Golgi bodies, granular endoplasmic reticulum and centrioles. Spermatids are initially spheroid, but become cup-shaped during spermiogenesis. The nucleus undergoes invagination of one surface during spermiogenesis resulting in the engulfment of electron opaque granules and centrioles by the nucleus. Centrioles loose their morphological identity in late spermatids. Inner and outer nuclear membranes fuse during spermiogenesis to form a pentalaminar nuclear membrane. A membranous organelle, derived from the endoplasmic reticulum and outer nuclear membrane, is situated at one pole of the cup-shaped nucleus. Mitochondria, situated lateral to the membranous organelle in early spermatids, become incorporated into the nucleus. Mature spermatozoa are curved, disk-shaped cells. This data is discussed in terms of the possible functional significance of this unusual form of spermatozoon packaging.
Internet interventions to support lifestyle modification for diabetes management: a systematic review of the evidence.

Background The Internet presents a widely accessible, 24-h means to promote chronic disease management. The objective of this review is to identify studies that used Internet based interventions to promote lifestyle modification among adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods We searched PubMed using the terms: [internet, computer, phone, smartphone, mhealth, mobile health, web based, telehealth, social media, text messages] combined with [diabetes management and diabetes control] through January 2013. Studies were included if they described an Internet intervention, targeted adults with type 2 diabetes, focused on lifestyle modification, and included an evaluation component with behavioral outcomes. Results Of the 2803 papers identified, nine met inclusion criteria. Two studies demonstrated improvements in diet and/or physical activity and two studies demonstrated improvements in glycemic control comparing web-based intervention with control. Successful studies were theory-based, included interactive components with tracking and personalized feedback, and provided opportunities for peer support. Website utilization declined over time in all studies that reported on it. Few studies focused on high risk, underserved populations. Conclusion Web-based strategies provide a viable option for facilitating diabetes self-management. Future research is needed on the use of web-based interventions in underserved communities and studies examining website utilization patterns and engagement over time.
The acidity index: a simple approach to the measurement of gastric acidity.

Summary Background : The percentage of time intragastric pH < 4 is a major parameter in evaluating the efficiency of acid-suppressive therapies. This parameter is easy to calculate, but does not identify the actual pH level. Recent studies have recommended the use of the integrated intragastric acidity as a more refined method of assessing intragastric acid control. Aim : To describe a new parameter, the acidity index, based on the logarithmic aspect of pH calculation, which may overcome the limitations of the percentage of time intragastric pH < 4 and the integrated intragastric acidity. Methods : The acidity index was calculated by obtaining the sum of 1000 × % time pH < 1, 100 × % time pH < 2 and ≥ 1, 10 × % time pH < 3 and ≥ 2 and % time pH < 4 and ≥ 3. The total percentage of time pH < 4 and the integrated intragastric acidity were calculated based on previous descriptions. The correlations between these parameters were analysed. Results : The mean ± s.d. values were 60% ± 22% for the percentage of time pH < 4, 172 ± 178 for the acidity index and 1114 ± 1176 mmol/L.h for the integrated intragastric acidity. Both the integrated intragastric acidity (r = 0.63) and acidity index (r = 0.70) showed only fair correlation with the percentage of time pH < 4. In contrast, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.93) between the acidity index and integrated intragastric acidity. Conclusion : The acidity index is easy to calculate, allows a more accurate assessment of the intragastric acidity than does the percentage of time pH < 4, and is comparable with the more complicated integrated gastric acidity in assessing intragastric pH control.
Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometeer experiment: 1971 Mars' dust storm

The brightness of a region on the south polar cap centered at approximately -87 deg S, 10 deg W was observed. Measurements taken at various incidence and emission angles show that the brightness increased with decreasing air mass. The observed intensity consists primarily of a component reflected from the cap and twice attenuated by the atmosphere and a component diffusely reflected from the atmosphere. The dust cloud over the polar cap was moderately thick between Nov. 26 and Dec. 2, 1971. At this time the optical thickness was near unity, and it decreased approximately linearly with time, reaching a value close to that of a Rayleigh atmosphere by mid-February. The optical thickness showed little dependence on the wavelength during the early orbital observations.
Implementing a computer science curriculum merging two curriculum models

While many curriculum recommendations have been proposed, (1,3,4,5,9), there remain gaps in the specification of 4-year programs, one being in the area of the applied B.S. degree. This paper presents one attempt to fill this gap with a program whose goal is to produce competent computer professionals, not candidates for graduate schools. Within the constraints of a limited faculty, the quarter calendar, and an applied orientation, it still incorporates much of the thrust and content of the more theoretically oriented recommendations. We believe that this effort may serve as a model for other schools who share our charge to train applications oriented professionals, and that the curriculum design process which we illustrate may be useful in even broader contexts.
A spin label investigation of some model membrane systems.

Abstract A spin label investigation using small spin labels dissolved in some model membrane systems has been carried out on systems composed of ferricytochrome c , phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine, and water. The same probes have been used in an investigation of the corresponding binary systems consisting of protein and water and of lipid and water with variable composition. The results are consistent with a fluid lamellar structure and clearly indicate two distinct environments in the membrane preparations: (1) a non-polar, essentially pure lipid hydrocarbon environment, and (2) a more polar environment probably consisting of protein, water and the polar head groups of the phospholipids. Temperature investigations of the correlation times in the model membrane systems show that the non-polar region varies smoothly in its properties with temperature as a typical fluid while the polar region undergoes a freezing phenomena between −5 and −10°C. Above the freezing point the polar environment shows an increasing correlation time with increasing temperature contrary to the behavior expected of a simple fluid and to the behavior exhibited by the non-polar region of the membrane.
Forces tending to reduce concentration levels in US industries

This paper reviews and illustrates a variety of growing counterpressures to the long-prevailing trend towards increasing concentration in US industries. Particular attention is given to changes in purchased inputs, in technologies and in market characteristics before discussing some responsive measures.
The consequences of a deuterium exchange test on proposed mechanisms for the purple membrane proton pump.

The capture of radiant energy from the sun by Halobacterium halobium and its ability to use this energy to power its proton pump [l-3] has received much attention recently. Their energy converters, which are purple patches that the bacteria develop in their cell membrane when the dioxygen concentration of the growth medium is reduced, are essentially 75% protein and the rest lipid [4]. The purple pigment, bacteriorhodopsin (bR), results from a combination of retinal and bacterioopsin (mol. wt 26 000), through a Schiff base linkage with a lysine residue [4,5]. It has been shown that the chromophore of light-adapted bR is all-tram retinal while that of the dark-adapted contains equal amounts of 134s and all-tram retinal [3]. Photoexcitation of bacteriorhodopsin @,, 570 nm) produces a red-shifted intermediate, bathobacteriorhodopsin(h,, 610 nm), as the first detectable species [6]. A similar intermediate is formed in the rhodopsin system. Because this initial transformation in rhodopsin [7,8] and bacteriorhodopsin [8] has a low activation energy and exhibits a kinetic isotope effect in D20, it has been suggested that a proton transfer is involved. The Schiff base nitrogen has been proposed as the proton acceptor in rhodopsin [7-91 and implied for bacteriorhodopsin [8]. An alternative view, however, suggests that the formation of the red-shifted intermediate is due to a protein conformational change in the retinal binding region and that the isotope effect results from the attendant proton transfers within the protein [lo].
The Discovery of My Completeness Proofs

§1. Introduction . This paper deals with aspects of my doctoral dissertation which contributed to the early development of model theory. What was of use to later workers was less the results of my thesis, than the method by which I proved the completeness of first-order logic—a result established by Kurt Godel in his doctoral thesis 18 years before. The ideas that fed my discovery of this proof were mostly those I found in the teachings and writings of Alonzo Church. This may seem curious, as his work in logic, and his teaching, gave great emphasis to the constructive character of mathematical logic, while the model theory to which I contributed is filled with theorems about very large classes of mathematical structures, whose proofs often by-pass constructive methods. Another curious thing about my discovery of a new proof of Godel's completeness theorem, is that it arrived in the midst of my efforts to prove an entirely different result. Such “accidental” discoveries arise in many parts of scientific work. Perhaps there are regularities in the conditions under which such “accidents” occur which would interest some historians, so I shall try to describe in some detail the accident which befell me. A mathematical discovery is an idea, or a complex of ideas, which have been found and set forth under certain circumstances. The process of discovery consists in selecting certain input ideas and somehow combining and transforming them to produce the new output ideas. The process that produces a particular discovery may thus be represented by a diagram such as one sees in many parts of science; a “black box” with lines coming in from the left to represent the input ideas, and lines going out to the right representing the output. To describe that discovery one must explain what occurs inside the box, i.e., how the outputs were obtained from the inputs.
The list(3) package: software design and reusability

This paper describes the design, evolution, and application of a reusable software package that implements the ubiquitous doubly-linked list. The motivations and design of the package are discussed. In particular, issues of data abstraction, memory management, and performance are considered.Examples of the package's direct application towards implementing queues and stacks is then presented. A more indirect application towards the construction of a generic cache package follows. Finally, a performance analysis is presented, along with some reflections and a summary.
Three cases of adenocarcinoma following restorative proctocolectomy with hand‐sewn anastomosis for ulcerative colitis: a review of reported cases in the literature

Restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) has been accepted as optimal surgical therapy for most patients with ulcerative colitis. The occurrence of adenocarcinoma adjacent to the ileoanal anastomotic site for ulcerative colitis is a serious but rare outcome. There are 16 reported cases. We report three additional cases and review previous cases in the literature.
Lateralized functional components of spatial cognition in the avian hippocampal formation: evidence from single-unit recordings in freely moving homing pigeons.

Previous research has revealed that the functional components of spatial cognition are lateralized in the forebrain of birds, including the hippocampal formation (HF). To investigate how HF cells in the left and right avian brain may differentially participate in representations of space, we recorded single-units from the HF of homing pigeons as they ran a plus maze for food. The rate maps of left HF cells often displayed elongated regions of increased activity in the center of the maze and along the maze corridors, whereas right HF cells tended to display patches at the ends of maze arms at/near goal locations. Left HF cells displayed a higher degree of spatial-specificity compared with right HF cells, including higher patch-specificity, higher reliability, and a higher incidence of location-correlated activity. Analysis of speed-correlated and trajectory-dependent activity also revealed significant HF-lateralized differences. Right HF cells tended to display significant negative correlations between spike rate and speed, although speed-dependent rate maps indicate that this relationship did not explain their space-specific activity. Left HF cells displayed a significantly higher incidence of trajectory-dependent space-specific activity than was observed in the right HF, suggesting that left HF cells may participate in navigating among goal locations. Differences in the correlates of left and right pigeon HF cells are consistent with unilateral HF-lesion data suggesting that the functional components of spatial cognition are lateralized in the avian brain, and furthermore, provide a basis for hypotheses regarding how the left and right HF support different aspects of spatial cognition. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Applying Total Quality Management in an Interdisciplinary Engineering Course

A Process Engineering certificate program has been developed and conducted utilizing the talents of members from five different engineering departments. Now in its third year, the success of this 12-credit “megacourse” is due in large part to the use of Total Quality Management (TQM) principles and methods in the development and teaching of the course. Students benefit by learning TQM, by seeing it applied, and from an overall improved course.
OX40 signaling directly triggers the antitumor effects of NKT cells

Pathways involving the costimulatory molecule OX40 and OX40 ligand (OX40L) enhance tumor rejection. It was presumed that this effect was mediated by changes in DCs and/or T cells. In this issue of the JCI, Zaini et al. report that, in mice, intratumoral injection of DCs genetically modified to express OX40L suppressed the growth of a preexisting melanoma by directly triggering an antitumor NKT cell response (see the related article beginning on page 3330). This work suggests that the intratumoral NKT cell population may be harnessed for cancer immunotherapy and that OX40 costimulation may be used as a unique trigger of the antitumor activity of these cells.
Nucleation field in synthetic antiferromagnet stabilized with uniaxial or unidirectional anisotropy

Abstract The nucleation field ( H n ) in a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) has been studied. Analytical expressions for H n were derived for a SAF, which was stabilized with uniaxial or unidirectional anisotropy. The analysis showed that using SAF in spin valves (SV) could enhance their stability by an order of magnitude, compared to a regular SV with antiferromagnetic (AF) layers. Micromagnetic calculations were used to model the magnetization distribution and stability in real-life read-back heads using spin valves. Experimental studies showed that SAF increases substantially the thermal stability of spin valves.
Impact of Larry P. on Educational Programs and Assessment Practices in California

The impact of the Larry P. decision on educational programming and assessment in California is examined. The decision and subsequent policy changes, such as implementation of PL 94-142, have result...
Multi-probe-based resonance-frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy for detection of suspicious breast lesions: improving performance using partial ROC optimization

ABSTRACT We have developed a multi-probe resonance-frequency electrical impedance spectroscope (REIS) system to detect breast abnormalities. Based on assessing asymmetry in REIS signals acquired between left and right breasts, we developed several machine learning classifiers to classify younger women (i.e., under 50YO) into two groups of having high and low risk for developing breast cancer. In this study, we investigated a new method to optimize performance based on the area under a selected partial receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve when optimizing an artificial neural network (ANN), and tested whether it could improve classification performance. From an ongoing prospective study, we selected a dataset of 174 cases for whom we have both REIS signals and diagnostic status verification. The dataset includes 66 positive cases recommended for biopsy due to detection of highly suspicious breast lesions and 108 negative cases determined by imaging based examinations. A set of REIS-based feature differences, extracted from the two breasts using a mirror-matched approach, was computed and constituted an initial feature pool. Using a leave-one-case-out cross-validation method, we applied a genetic algorithm (GA) to train the ANN with an optimal subset of features. Two optimization criteria were separately used in GA optimizat ion, namely the area under th e entire ROC curve (AUC) and the partial area under the ROC curve, up to a predetermined threshold (i.e.,  90% specificity). The results showed that although the ANN optimized using the entire AUC yielded higher overall performance (AUC = 0.83 versus 0.76), the ANN optimized using the partial ROC area criterion achieved substantially higher operational performance (i.e., increasing sensitivity level from 28% to 48% at 95% specificity and/ or from 48% to 58% at 90% specificity). Keywords: Electrical impedance spectroscope (EIS), breast cancer, artificial neural network, technology assessment, ROC, AUC, partial AUC.
On the in vitro incorporation of 32P-phosphate into phosphoproteins by lactating mammary gland

1. 1. Suspensions of washed particles of lactating mammary gland were found to be capable of incorporating 32P-phosphate into the phosphoprotein fraction of the tissue. 2. 2. The addition of crystallized bovine serum albumin did not appreciably influence the rate of incorporation. A significant increase of this rate was found, however, when the incubation of the enzyme system was carried out in the presence of serum from a lactating rabbit. Much greater stimulations of the incorporation were observed when casein was added to the enzyme system.
A functional relation between learning and organization in free recall

It is well known that multitrial free recall is accompanied by increased organization of output over learning trials, even when the order of presentation is randomized. We compared the relation between learning and organization in 30 young and 30 older adults as they learned categorized materials to a criterion of 100% recall. The importance of this age manipulation was that it allowed us to examine, using two groups that differ significantly in their learning ability, whether organization and learning follow the same function. As was expected, older adults showed less organization on any given learning trial. However, when equated for degree of learning, the older adults showed approximately the same level of organization as the young. This finding suggests that the organization-learning relation remains invariant in the face of significant differences in participants’ mnemonic abilities.
Assessing Citrus Honey Quality: Pollen and Methyl Anthranilate Content

Methyl anthranilate (MA) contents of 159 samples of Florida honey from 10 crop years are summarized (mean, 2.79; range, 0−5.04 ppm). A highly significant relationship between MA and citrus pollen content is shown for 85 samples from 2 crop years. Sixty-three samples of “monofloral” Florida citrus honeys from two crops averaged 64% citrus pollen and 3.1 ppm of MA. Keywords: Citrus honey; methyl anthranilate; pollen analysis
Commitment to germ tube or bud formation during release from stationary phase in Candida albicans

Abstract Cells of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans accumulate as unbudded singlets at stationary phase in defined medium at 25 °C. When released into fresh medium at 37 °C and pH 6.5, these cells will synchronously form elongate pseudomycelia, and when released into fresh medium at either 25 °C, pH 6.5, or 37 °C, pH 4.5, they will synchronously form buds. Using pH and temperature shift experiments, we have examined when cells become committed to pseudomycelium formation and bud formation under conditions conducive to each growth form respectively. It is demonstrated that in either case commitment occurs long after release from stationary phase, at approximately the same time the first evagination is visible on the cell's surface. In addition, it is demonstrated that once a released cell has formed a bud, it and its progeny lose the capacity to form pseudomycelia until they re-enter stationary phase; on the other hand, elongating pseudomycelia retain the capacity to form buds. The possible relationships of the commitment events to septation and to the cell cycle are discussed.
Na+, K+-ATPase: evidence for the binding of ATP to the phosphoenzyme.

Abstract Highly purified Na+, K+-ATPase of the dog kidney was reacted with Mg2++32Pi or Mg2++32Pi + ouabain. 32P-phosphorylation was terminated by the addition of EDTA, and the effects of various ligands on dephosphoration rate were studied. ATP reduced the dephosphorylation rates of both the native and the ouabain-complexed enzymes. K0.5 for this effect of ATP was about 0.2 mM. ADP also slowed dephosphorylation, but less effectively than ATP. The ATP effect on the native enzyme, but not that on the ouabain-complexed enzyme, was antagonized by Na+. The data establish the binding of ATP to the phosphoenzyme. Since the site that is phosphorylated by Pi is the same that is phosphorylated by ATP, coexistence of two ATP sites on the functional unit of the enzyme is suggested.
Description of phytoplankton and nutrient in spring in the western North Atlantic Ocean

Abundance of diatoms in the northern Sargasso Sea in spring has been observed in a 4-year period between 1981 and 1985 and then again in 1987. A theory is presented that if stratification blocks get-through of deep nutrients to the surface, as in the southern Sargasso, then in-situ cycling via non-diatoms and ammonia dominates
Energy Harvesting Using Substrate Photodiodes

A circuit that is able to harvest energy from substrate/well photodiodes fabricated in standard complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes is presented. The motivation for using substrate/well photodiodes over diffusion/well photodiodes for energy harvesting are the increased quantum efficiency due to deeper junctions, the elimination of the parasitic diode effect, and better silicon area utilization. Moreover, since substrate photodiodes also work as light sensors, they provide a new solution to self-powered image sensors. The proposed circuit uses an inductor to transfer energy from the photodiode to the load and, in the process, boosts the relatively low photodiode voltage to high levels. An analytical model of the proposed energy harvesting circuit is developed. The model is used to gain insight into the factors limiting the conversion efficiency. As a proof of concept, a test microchip was fabricated in the 0.5-μm CMOS technology. Measurements from the test microchip validate the proposed circuit and the developed analytical model.
Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: A consensus approach

Over 11 million Americans have both diabetes and hypertension-comorbid diseases that strongly predispose people to both renal as well as cardiovascular (CV) injury. Hypertension substantially contributes to CV morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Furthermore, hypertension and diabetes are particularly prevalent in certain populations, such as African-Americans and Native Americans. Since the 1994 Working Group Report on Hypertension and Diabetes, a large body of clinical trial data has affirmed the original blood pressure goal of less than 130/85 mmHg recommended to preserve renal function and reduce CV events in people with hypertension and diabetes. Data that are more recent have emerged, however, to support an even lower diastolic blood pressure goal, ie, 80 mmHg, in order to optimally preserve renal function and reduce CV events in people with diabetic nephropathy. A review of clinical trials indicates that more than 65% of people with diabetes and hypertension will require two or more different antihypertensive medications to achieve the new suggested target blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg. The purpose of this report is to update the previous recommendations with a focus on level of blood pressure control, proteinuria reduction, and therapeutic approaches to achieve these goals. We provide an evidence-based approach, integrating data from the major clinical trials that were designed as randomized prospective, long-term studies that had as a primary endpoint either progression of diabetic nephropathy or reduction in CV events. This report also addresses socioeconomic and cultural barriers that hinder achievement of blood pressure goals. Lastly, the report discusses approaches to resolve cultural barriers, both physician- and patient-derived, that interfere with achievement of lower blood pressure goals.
Ontogeny of the behavioral response to dopamine agonists after chronic cocaine.

The behavioral response to separate and combined administration of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists was assessed acutely and after chronic cocaine exposure (30 mg/kg SC b.i.d. for 5 days) in infant (PND11) and weanling (PND20) rats. In infants, quinpirole (quin) and SKF-38393 (SKF) elevated locomotion, mouthing and sniffing acutely. Rearing was increased and mouthing decreased by combined administration. In weanlings, quin increased locomotion, mouthing and sniffing in weanlings, while SKF increased only mouthing. SKF inhibited quin-induced rearing and locomotion. Infants treated chronically with cocaine showed sensitized quin- and quin/SKF-induced locomotion and quin/SKF stimulated rearing and sniffing. In weanlings, locomotion was sensitized with all drug combinations, and rearing with SKF alone. These results indicate a developmental progression in the psychopharmacological response to dopamine receptor stimulation. While both D1 and D2 receptors are active in infants, the full complement of acute responses and complete capacity for sensitization develop later.
Energy transfer in Ni2+:MgO

Abstract Low temperature luminescence spectra of the 3 T 2g → 3 A 2g near infrared (NIR) transition of Ni 2+ :MgO are investigated for two different Ni 2+ concentrations. In dilute crystals, with a 2.0% nominal concentration, the luminescence consists of a single sharp zero phonon band accompanied by a broad Stokes-shifted vibronic sideband. At higher concentrations (2% nominal), additional sharp bands are observed associated with the formation of antiferromagnetically coupled (2 J = -35.5 cm −1 ) next nearest neighbor (nnn) and ferromagnetically coupled (2 J = 2.5 cm −1 ) nearest neighbor (nn) Ni 2+ - Ni 2+ pairs. A fast migration model is used to analyze energy transfer from single ions to pairs. Single ions that transfer energy are treated collectively and it is assumed that the donor decay rate is a single exponential. With this model, it is possible to make a quantitative estimate of the relevant transfer rates.
Function of the inferior vena cava valve of the harbour seal.

THE anatomical descriptions of the venous system of the seal have impressively described the large hepatic venous sinuses and the existence of a sleeve-like valve surrounding the inferior vena cava1. These hepatic venous sinuses are capable of holding a large volume of blood1. It has been tempting in the past to assume that the purpose of this anatomical system was to store a large volume of blood in the hepatic venous sinuses for use during periods of diving. This would require that the inferior vena cava valve impede flow of blood from the abdominal cavity during diving.
Excitation of surface waves in magnetohydrodynamics

Etude du developpement des ondes de surfaces linearisees a deux dimensions generees par une distribution de pression stationnaire localisee a l'interface entre un plasma infiniment conducteur, semi-infini, s'ecoulant uniformement, soumis a un champ gravitationnel, et un champ magnetique de confinement
How might a statistical cloud scheme be coupled to a mass‐flux convection scheme?

The coupling of statistical cloud schemes with mass-flux convection schemes is addressed. Source terms representing the impact of convection are derived within the framework of prognostic equations for the width and asymmetry of the probability distribution function of total water mixing ratio. The accuracy of these source terms is quantified by examining output from a cloud resolving model simulation of deep convection. Practical suggestions for inclusion of these source terms in large-scale models are offered.
Combining gene prediction methods to improve metagenomic gene annotation

Background Traditional gene annotation methods rely on characteristics that may not be available in short reads generated from next generation technology, resulting in suboptimal performance for metagenomic (environmental) samples. Therefore, in recent years, new programs have been developed that optimize performance on short reads. In this work, we benchmark three metagenomic gene prediction programs and combine their predictions to improve metagenomic read gene annotation.