cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic regulation of alpha-dystroglycan in mouse placenta.

Abstract Alpha dystroglycan (α-DG) is a peripheral membrane protein important in cellular interaction with other cells and the extracellular matrix. Recent data suggests that the Dag1 gene, which encodes α-DG, is important for implantation. In addition to its importance in cellular function, α-DG also serves as a cellular receptor for members of the arenaviridae family of viruses, which can cause placental infection. Because of its apparent dual role in implantation and its role as a viral receptor, we sought to determine placental and uterine α-DG expression during mouse pregnancy. Dag1 is expressed throughout gestation in the placenta and to a lesser extent in the uterus, with the highest levels in early gestation. By Western blot analysis, the glycosylated protein is also expressed and the pattern of glycosylation changes to favor the most highly glycosylated forms at mid gestation. These data support the idea that α-DG may be a target for evolutionary host-pathogen interactions at the maternal–fetal interface.
Activity-induced anorexia in rats augments the development of tolerance to morphine.

Restricting food intake (FI) to 1 h/day for rats housed in running wheels can serve as a model for the excessive exercise often observed in individuals with anorexia nervosa. When maintained on this schedule for several days, rats decrease food intake, increase running and can die of starvation. Studies have shown that freely fed rats allowed to run for 3 weeks become tolerant to morphine's pain-relieving actions. To determine if restricting FI in active rats would produce more rapid development of tolerance, active rats were fed for 24 or 1.5 h/day. When active food-restricted rats reached 75% of their free-feeding body weight, testing for morphine-induced antinociception (MIA) began. Ad lib-fed active rats, were tested for MIA after 3 weeks, or after the amount of time taken for food-restricted active rats to reach their target weight. Inactive rats were given ad lib food or pair-fed the amount of food consumed by active food-restricted rats, and tested for MIA after 3 weeks (ad lib fed) or 6 days (pair-fed). Food-restricted active rats increased running, decreased FI and by day 6, reached 75% of their free-feeding weight and were less sensitive to morphine's pain-relieving actions than rats in any of the inactive groups or active rats given free access to food and tested at the same time as the food-restricted rats. Increasing activity in food-restricted individuals may augment stimulation of endogenous opioid peptides, and thus accentuate the development of tolerance to opiate drugs.
Building certified libraries for PCC: dynamic storage allocation

Proof-carrying code (PCC) allows a code producer to provide to a host a program along with its formal safety proof. The proof attests to a certain safety policy enforced by the code, and can be mechanically checked by the host. While this language-based approach to code certification is very general in principle, existing PCC systems have only focused on programs whose safety proofs can be automatically generated. As a result, many low-level system libraries (e.g., memory management) have not yet been handled. In this paper, we explore a complementary approach in which general properties and program correctness are semi-automatically certified. In particular, we introduce a low-level language, CAP, for building certified programs and present a certified library for dynamic storage allocation.
Effect of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Loading on the Thermomechanical Properties and the Machinability of CNT-Reinforced Polymer Composites

The machinability of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polymer composites is studied as a function of CNT loading, in light of the trends seen in their material properties. To this end, the thermo-mechanical properties of CNT composites with different loadings of CNTs are characterized. Micro endmilling experiments are also conducted on all the materials under investigation. Chip morphology, burr width, surface roughness and cutting forces are used as the machinability measures to compare the composites. For composites with lower loadings of CNTs (1.75% by weight), the visco-elastic/plastic deformation of the polymer phase plays a significant role during machining, whereas, at loadings ≥ 5% by weight, the CNT distribution and interface effects dictate the machining response of the composite. The ductile-to-brittle transition and reduction in fracture strength that occurs with an increase in CNT loading, results in reduced minimum chip thickness values, burr dimensions and cutting forces in the CNT composite. The increase in thermal conductivity with the increase in CNT loading, results in reduced number of adiabatic shear bands being observed on the chips and reduced thermal softening effects at high cutting velocities. Thus, overall the increase in CNT loading improves the machinability of the composite.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Identification of a regulated Na/K/Cl cotransport system in a distal nephron cell line.

Abstract Lack of an adequate cell model has limited investigation of Na/K/Cl cotransporter regulation in the kidney. Using A6 cells, an amphibian distal renal cell line, we observed that 63% of rubidium uptake in confluent A6 monolayers was ouabain-insensitive. Ouabain-insensitive rubidium uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by furosemide (IC 50 6.6 μM) or bumetanide (IC 50 1.7 μM). Kinetic studies confirmed that furosemide-sensitive rubidium uptake had features consistent with cotransporter activity in other cell lines. Furthermore, specific binding of [ 3 H]bumetanide occurred with a capacity of 8.6 pmol/mg protein and a K d of 1.6 μM bumetanide. Finally, furosemide-sensitive rubidium uptake was rapidly regulated by a calcium inophore, the phorbol ester PDBu, forskolin, and adenosine. These data demonstrate an Na/K/Cl cotransport system in the A6 cell which will serve as a useful model for studying cotransporter regulation by endogenous signaling pathways.
Decontamination of corn containing aflatoxin by treatment with ammonia

Corn containing aflatoxin can be effectively decontaminated by treatment with gaseous ammonia at atmospheric pressure. Preliminary studies were made of the effect of ammonia level, corn moisture, temperature, and time on the aflatoxin level. Ammonia tolerance tests were carried out on laying hens as were acceptance tests by swine. Toxicity feeding trials with ducklings, broiler chicks, and trout confirmed that the process inactivates the aflatoxin. The process was then applied under farm scale conditions to produce materials for feeding trials with swine, poultry, and cattle under FDA protocols. The process can reduce aflatoxin levels from 1000 parts per billion (ppb) to within the FDA action level of 20 ppb.
On cubic polynomials II. Multiple exponential sums

Letf(x 1,...,x s ) be a cubic polynomial with integer coefficients,q a prime power, ande(z)=e 2πiz . We are going to estimate sums $$\sum\limits_{x_1 = 1}^q { \cdot \cdot \cdot } \sum\limits_{x_S = 1}^q {e(q^{ - 1} f(x_1 ,...,x_S ))} $$ , as well as generalizations of such sums.
Immediate closed antegrade ender nailing of femoral fractures in polytrauma patients

Fifty-four trauma patients with 61 femoral fractures stabilized within the first 24 hours of admission by closed antegrade Ender nailing were included in this study. This technique involves the insertion of Ender nails from a portal at the proximal end of the femur through the piriformis fossa. The curved distal ends of the nails were distributed throughout the distal femur to achieve greater purchase in the enlarged medullary canal of the distal fragment. This technique was used in one proximal, 20 midshaft, 37 distal, and three segmental fractures. There were 51 closed fractures, eight Grade I open, and two Grade II open fractures. The average age of the patient was 26 years, and the majority had polytrauma. The operative procedure was well tolerated by this group of patients. Pulmonary care was improved by avoidance of traction and enhanced capability for mobilization. Forty-two patients with 49 femoral fractures were available for complete follow-up. Forty-five fractures healed with the average time to appearance of bridging callus being 33 days, and average time to full union remodeled callus being 5.9 months. There were four nonunions, one delayed union, and eight malunions. There were nail protrusions in 22 cases (19 proximal and three distal). Fourteen patients required a second operation for reimpaction of the protruding nails or premature nail removal. These results were inferior to those obtained with the use of the retrograde Ender nailing technique or the Kuntscher nail. This technique should be used only if other techniques are unavailable or inappropriate, and only for stable, noncomminuted fractures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Micromechanics of toughened polycarbonate

Abstract Numerical studies are presented on micromechanical and macromechanical aspects of deformation mechanisms in toughened polycarbonate. The dependence of the macroscopic stress–strain behavior, and of the underlying patterns of matrix deformation, on void distribution and triaxiality of the loading conditions are discussed. The presence of voids is shown to create stress fields which favor shear yielding over brittle failure mechanisms and thus provide toughness even in the case of highly triaxial stress states. Additionally, we compare predictions obtained using a micromechanical model based on a traditional axisymmetric unit cell, with predictions obtained with an alternative model based on a staggered array of voids. The new model is an axisymmetric equivalent to the Voronoi tessellation of a Body Centered Cubic array of voids (V-BCC model). The V-BCC model appears to be able to better capture essential features of the mechanical behavior of the blends, and provides a more realistic cell-based representation of particle-filled materials in general.
An Electrochemical Sensor for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Serum Based on a Triple-Stem DNA Probe

We report here an electrochemical approach that offers, for the first time, single-step, room-temperature single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection directly in complex samples (such as blood serum) without the need for target modification, postwashing, or the addition of exogenous reagents. This sensor, which is sensitive, stable, and reusable, is comprised of a single, self-complementary, methylene blue-labeled DNA probe possessing a triple-stem structure. This probe takes advantage of the large thermodynamic changes in enthalpy and entropy that result from major conformational rearrangements that occur upon binding a perfectly matched target, resulting in a large-scale change in the faradaic current. As a result, the discrimination capabilities of this sensor greatly exceed those of earlier single- and double-stem electrochemical sensors and support rapid (minutes), single-step, reagentless, room-temperature detection of single nucleotide substitutions. To elucidate the theoretical basis of the sen...
Caffeine, extended stress, and blood pressure in borderline hypertensive men

Caffeine increases blood pressure (BP), and its pressor effects are larger in borderline hypertensive (BH) men than in controls. This article extends findings of larger caffeine effects on BP at rest and to brief mental stress in BH to a new analysis of caffeine and prolonged mental stress in BH. In a double-blind, crossover study, 24 male BH (140/90 mmHg 140/82 mmHg) relative to controls (< 130/75) during the 100 min after caffeine intake. Caffeine taken by BH at times of extended behavioral stress may elevate BP to a clinically meaningful degree.
Linitis Plastica Presenting as Pouch Outlet Stenosis 13 Years after Vertical Banded Gastroplasty.

A 53-year-old woman, 13 years after vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), presented with recently increased vomiting and high-grade pouch outlet stenosis, and was confirmed at laparotomy to have linitis plastica, for which she underwent total gastrectomy. Her pathology is unfavorable. Question is raised as to the incidence of gastric carcinoma subsequent to VBG and other gastric reductive and/or bypass procedures. Comparison is made of the increased incidence of gastric carcinoma over time, after gastric resective procedures for benign disease, versus the ‘normal’ incidence of gastric carcinoma, and the worse prognosis of gastric stump carcinoma. Noted is the recent observation, in a small series, of worrisome mucosal changes by endoscopic biopsies in patients after VBG, in the area of the pouch outlet. Long-term follow-up, with interval endoscopic biopsies and careful case reporting, will be important if we are to know the risk of eventual gastric carcinoma in these patients.
A study of nonlinear radiation damping by matching analytic and numerical solutions

Abstract A linear oscillator coupled to a nonlinear field was studied using a mixed analytic-numerical matching scheme. An approximate causal solution was constructed in the radiation zone and matched to a numerical solution obtained using a finite differencing scheme in the inner zone. The requirement that the two solutions agree in the overlap region determined the arbitrary function in the retarded solution and at the same time allowed one to extend the numerical scheme arbitrarily into the future. The late time behavior of the system was investigated using a variety of initial conditions. In all the cases studied this behavior was found to be independent of which initial conditions were used. Also, it was shown that the linearized “monopole energy loss formula” breaks down in cases involving either fast motions or strong nonlinearities.
Factors associated with genital human papillomavirus infection among adult females in the United States, NHANES 2007-2010.

Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are at risk of developing cancer later in their life. Current research estimates the prevalence of genital HPV infection and explores the factors that are associated with the infection. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2010 was used in this research study. The study population included females in the United States aged 18–59 years. The weighted prevalence of HPV infection was 41.9%. An estimated 59.4% of non-Hispanic black females had HPV infection. In a multivariate analysis, number of sexual partners, race, age, education level, marital status, income, smoking, and insurance status were associated with HPV infection. HPV infection was 5.77 times more likely for women with >11 sexual partners compared to women with 0–1 partners. Non-Hispanic black females were 1.87 times more likely to have HPV infection compared to non-Hispanic white females. Participants with only a high school degree had a 58% increased prevalence compared to college-educated women. Uninsured women had a 39% increased prevalence compared to those with insurance. This study found that 41.9% of U.S. females aged 18–59 years tested positive for genital HPV infection. We determined that individuals with more sexual partners, with a lower education level, with non-Hispanic black race, and with no insurance were the populations at greatest risk. It is necessary to continue monitoring the prevalence of this infection in the general population to provide a basis for effective treatment and prevention in the target populations.
To Drain or Not to Drain: An Evidence-Based Approach to Palliative Procedures for the Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions

Malignant pleural effusions are often symptomatic and diagnosed late in the course of cancer. The optimal management strategy is controversial and includes both invasive and non-invasive strategies. Practitioners have the option of invasive procedures such as intermittent drainage or more permanent catheter drainage to confirm malignancy and to palliate symptoms. Because these effusions are often detected late in the course of disease in patients who may have limited life expectancy, procedural management may be associated with harms that outweigh benefits. We performed a literature review to examine the available evidence for catheter drainage of malignant pleural effusions in advanced cancer and reviewed alternative management strategies for the management of dyspnea. We provide a clinical case within the context of the research evidence for invasive and non-invasive management strategies. Our intent is to help inform decision making of patients and families in collaboration with their health care practitioners and interventionists by weighing the risks and benefits of catheter drainage versus alternative medical management strategies for malignant pleural effusions.
Embolotherapy of Large Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Long-Term Results

Abstract Background . The purpose of this study was to document the long-term results of transcatheter embolotherapy of large pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). Methods . From a data base of 221 consecutive patients with PAVMs treated by embolotherapy between 1978 and 1995, 45 patients with 52 PAVMs, supplied by feeding arteries 8 mm in diameter or larger, were selected for a retrospective investigation. Results . Of 45 patients with 52 large PAVMs, 38 patients (84%) with 44 PAVMs (85%) were cured by the first embolotherapy (mean follow-up, 4.7 years). Acute periprocedural complications included self-limited pleurisy (31%), angina secondary to air embolus (2%), and paradoxical embolization of a device during deployment (4%). None of these events led to short- or long-term sequelae. Seven patients (16%) had persistence of the PAVM attributable to either recanalization (n = 4) or interim accessory artery growth (n = 3). Two of these patients presented with ischemic stroke several years after the initial treatment. Persistent PAVMs (n = 8) were retreated successfully by a second procedure (n = 7), or a third procedure (n = 1) (mean follow-up, 5.9 and 5.3 years, respectively). Conclusions . Embolotherapy of large PAVMs results in permanent occlusion in an overwhelming majority of patients. Continued patency due to recanalization or accessory artery growth is easily detected and treated.
Tourette's syndrome and ‘PANDAS’ Will the relation bear out?

Despite strong evidence of the importance of hereditary factors in the etiology of Tourette's syndrome (TS), research findings have consistently pointed to a role of environmental influences. A recent line of research has suggested that tic disorders and associated behavioral disturbances, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, might develop following streptococcal infection by the process of molecular mimicry, whereby antibodies directed against bacterial antigens cross-react with brain targets. Such investigations have given rise to the notion that there is a spectrum of childhood neurobehavioral disorders (termed pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection [PANDAS]) that arise by postinfectious autoimmune mechanisms. This article reviews research results supporting the concept of PANDAS and discusses their limitations. Well-designed and adequately controlled studies are needed to determine whether there is a true etiologic relation between streptococcal infection and the onset or exacerbation of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders and whether the use of immune-modifying therapies for these conditions is rational.
919 ALTERATIONS IN IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS IN HUMAN MILK DURING LACTATION

The effects of the duration of lactation upon the concentrations of lactoferrin, lysozyme, total IgA, secretory IgA (SIgA), SIgA antibodies to E.coli somatic antigens and the numbers and functions of leukocytes in human milk were investigated. Milk samples were obtained from mothers 20-35 years of age during the first six months of lactation. Confounding variables such as collection and storage conditions were controlled; longitudinal and cross-sectional surveys were performed. The concentrations of phagocytes, lymphocytes, lactoferrin, total IgA and SIgA and the stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin decreased during the first 12 weeks and then remained unchanged for the next 12 weeks. In contrast, it was found in the longitudinal study that specific SIgA antibodies often increased during lactation (rise in reciprocal titer, mean ± SD, 10.6 ± 18.4). Furthermore, the concentrations of lysozyme, after falling to a nadir of 21-29 μg/ml at 2-4 weeks of lactation, rose progressively to 245 μg/ml at 6 months (p < 0.001). Similar levels of lysozyme were also found in human milk collected at 9 months and 1 year of lactation. Although the in vivo significance of these immunologic factors has not been ascertained, the alterations in the concentrations of these factors during lactation may be specific adaptations that protect the developing infant.
f-Chart - Predictions and measurements

Two general observations can be drawn from this f-chart data. First, there is a general trend of agreement between the measured and predicted seasonal performance of all three types of systems. Second, it appears that there might be an f-chart bias to underpredict the performance of air systems. From the information available on these systems it is not clear why these discrepancies should appear. The difficulty in making good performance measurements may be responsible for the differences. The number of data points is too small for any one type of system to draw firm statistical conclusions. Systems with configurations close to the standard show good agreement between predicted and measured performance, while those with significant differences do not. The collector area to storage ratio has a significant effect, as shown by the discrepancy for system L5. Finally, the control temperatures do not have a major effect on performance air systems, based on data for systems A4-A8. The set temperatures for these systems all differ from those for the standard. The same comments cannot be made for liquid systems, and considerably more information is needed (including more very careful measurements on air systems) before clear conclusions can be reached.
Functional markers for xa5-mediated resistance in rice (Oryza sativa, L.)

The recent cloning of several agronomically important genes has facilitated the development of functional markers. These markers reside within the target genes themselves and can be used with great reliability and efficiency to identify favorable alleles in a breeding program. Bacterial blight (BB) is a severe rice disease throughout the world that is controlled primarily through use of resistant cultivars. xa5 is a race-specific, recessive gene mediating resistance to BB. It is widely used in rice breeding programs throughout the tropics. Due to its recessive nature, phenotypic selection for xa5-mediated resistance is both slow and costly. Previously, marker assisted selection (MAS) for this resistance gene was not efficient because it involved markers that were only indirectly linked to xa5 and ran the risk of being separated from the trait by recombination. Recently, the cloning of the gene underlying this trait made it possible to develop functional markers. Here we present a set of CAPS markers for easy, quick and direct identification of cultivars or progeny carrying xa5-mediated resistance and provide evidence that these markers are 100% predictive of the presence of the xa5 allele. These markers are expected to enhance the reliability and cost-effectiveness of MAS for xa5-mediated resistance.
Micellization of and solute binding to amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide) star polymers in aqueous media

Three-armed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) star polymers were synthesized from tris(p-isocyanatophenyl)methane and methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)s of molecular weight 350, 750, and 1900. The polymers exhibit lower critical solution temperature behavior in water, the cloud points decreasing linearly with the molal concentration of added salts. Surface tension and viscometric data reveal the formation of micelles and the possible existence of smaller aggregates prior to micellization. Similar amphiphilic PEO star polymers but with a larger hydrophobic core were found to strongly interact with the optical probes coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) and 1-pyrenebutyrate (PB-), both below and above the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Klotz-type binding plots reveal clear transition points which for PB- are close to the cmc of the star polymers. The binding data confirm that small aggregates may be present below the cmc of the stars.
A peer-tree based location lookup service in mobile wireless networks

We present a location look-up service for aiding location-based routing in wireless networks with mobile hosts. This location look up service is constructed based on a peer-tree indexing structure which represents the friendship relations among mobile hosts. The friendship is derived from the relations of sharing various-length common suffixes of host identifiers. A friendship relation determines the cooperation relation among mobile hosts. The Peer-Tree indexing structure provides a guideline for propagating location updates and queries in an organized manner. Each host periodically propagates its up-to-date location to a small number of its friends. Location queries are forwarded to and serviced at one of the hosts which hold a copy of the location under query. Paths for forwarding location updates or queries are jointly determined by the Peer-Tree indexing structure and the temporary connectivity in a network. The goals of this location look-up service include achieving a high success rate on location discovery, having low demands on network resources, and being robust to frequent changes of network topology.
QUARKONIA AND PENTAQUARKS

A brief review of the latest developments in the spectroscopy of heavy quarks is presented. The current status of the recently 'discovered' pentaquarks is also discussed.
David Sabatini – a lifelong fascination with organelles

As a pioneer molecular cell biologist, highly skilled in both morphological and biochemical approaches, David Sabatini was a key figure in laying the foundation for the field of intracellular protein trafficking with his seminal studies on cotranslational translocation of nascent polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum and the intracellular sorting of plasma membrane proteins in polarized epithelial cells.
Hydrothermal reactions of 1-nitrobutane in high-temperature water

Abstract Development of a rational basis for the design of safe and reliable methods for the destruction of high-energy materials and explosives motivated the study of the reactions of model explosive compounds in high-temperature water (HTW). Specifically, the reaction of 1-nitrobutane in HTW occurred with a pseudo-first-order-rate constant almost three times greater than that for neat pyrolysis. Water also influenced the product spectrum. The preliminary reaction network included the formation of nitriles and aldehydes as primary products, amides and acids as secondary products, and esters and acids as higher-rank products. In contrast, pyrolysis, under otherwise identical conditions, yielded nitriles, pyrolidine derivatives, and char as products. Free radical and hydrolysis mechanisms explain 1-nitrobutane product formation pathways well.
An evaluation of carboxymethyl cellulose as an absorbable coagulant in oral surgical procedures

Abstract 1. 1. The administration of carboxymethyl cellulose cones for postoperative hemostasis was effective in almost all cases. 2. 2. Postoperative complications were nonexistent except in one case. It is suggested that the cones be manufactured in several sizes to accommodate the smaller sockets of anterior teeth. 3. 3. The cones do not cause any discomfort to the patient and they help to allay apprehension when he is informed of their purpose. 4. 4. No systemic side effects from the use of carboxymethyl cellulose were observed. The basic chemical formula of this material has been used in many forms, both in contact with body tissues and as an ingredient of certain foods.
The extremal function for K 8 - minors

A graph H is a minor of a graph G if H can be obtained from a subgraph of G by contracting edges. Let K8- be the graph obtained from K8 by deleting one edge. We prove a conjecture of Jakobsen that every simple graph on n≥8 vertices and at least (11n-35)/2 edges either has a K8- minor, or is isomorphic to a graph obtained from disjoint copies of K1,2,2.2.2 and/or K7 by identifying cliques of size five.
High growth rate Gallium Phosphide for red LEDs

Growth rates of up to 17 microns per hour for Gallium Phosphide grown by MOCVD are achieved and material doping properties are analyzed.
Nutritional Quality of Great Northern Bean Proteins Processed at Varying pH

Heating whole dry beans at pH well above or below their average protein isoelectric point of 6.3, results in significant increases in protein digestibility, as measured by the rat NPR assay. Yet the nutritional quality of these pH-adjusted beans was lower than that for conventionally cooked dry beans due to the loss of cysteine/cystine (Cys) from the beans during the long pH adjustment step as well as the increased sensitivity of Cys to heat at alkaline pHs. In contrast pH adjusted bean flour slurries, after rapidly drying (40 set) on a double drum drier, yielded products having a high protein digestibility (>80%), low trypsin inhibitor content (< 10mg TI/g protein) and showing little or no loss of Cys.
Isolation of a biologically active fragment from the carboxy terminus of the fetal rat binding protein for insulin-like growth factors

Summary We have purified a 14 kDa fragment of the 30 kDa binding protein for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) from BRL-3A cell conditioned medium. The fragment binds IGF-I and IGF-II with similar specificity to the 30 kDa binding protein, but with lower affinity. It corresponds to the carboxy terminus of the native binding protein (residues 148–270), and is thought to arise by proteolysis. We infer that this region of the native binding protein contains, at least in part, the IGF binding domain.
Protein and RNA inhibitors and protozoan habituation.

A variety of protein and RNA inhibitors were tested on habituation learning in the protozoan Spirostomum. Inhibition of protein synthesis up to values of 95% had no effect upon habituation, and RNA inhibition up to 89% by 5-fluorouracil had only slight effects upon it. Large amounts of protein and RNA synthesis are not necessary for habituation.
Giardia lamblia: absence of cyst antigens and reduced secretory vesicle formation and bile salt uptake in an encystation-deficient subline.

Abstract Encystation of Giardia lamblia entails the appearance of a number of new antigens, as well as formation of a novel class of large encystation-specific secretory vesicles (ESV) that transport stage-specific proteins to the nascent cyst wall. The monoclonal antibody GCSA-1, which was raised against purified cyst walls, recognizes protein species of ~26-46 kDa that are regulated by exposure to bile (plus lactic acid) and alkaline pH, the factors that induce encystation. The GCSA-1 epitope is maximally expressed after ~14 hr of encystation and localizes to the interior, but not the membrane of the ESV as shown by frozen section immunoelectron microscopy. To further understand the process of encystation, we compared two sublines of strain WB that differ in their ability to encyst in vitro. Water-resistant cysts were not detected in subline A6 under conditions in which subline C6 formed ~2 × 105 cysts/ml. Moreover, subline A6 did not form ESV efficiently or detectably express antigens recognized by mAb GCSA-1 or by polyclonal anti-cyst sera. Finally, uptake of the bile salt taurocholate by A6 was reduced 4- to 20-fold, compared with that of C6, although transport by both strains was sodium-dependent and regulated by bile salt starvation. The decrease in bile salt uptake by A6 may be related to its defect in encystation.
A writing‐intensive approach to criminal justice education: The California Lutheran university model

The purpose of a Criminal Justice education is to develop in students the knowledge, judgment, values, and ethical consciousness essential to becoming responsible citizens and leaders in the Criminal Justice system. Equally important is preparing students to critically evaluate and analyze justice issues through a variety of writing assignments. This paper explores writing approaches for Criminal Justice students. More specifically, the paper addresses strategies on how students can become more analytical in preparing written assignments, based upon current justice issues. [Interdisciplinary approaches to writing are explored.] It is important for students to understand how to develop a thesis statement and support or defend the statement. By exposing students to a number of reflective, documentary, and analytical writing assignments, a better understanding of the justice process is achieved
Induction of procoagulant activity in virus infected bovine alveolar macrophages and the effect of lipopolysaccharide

Three viruses known to be associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex were evaluated in vitro for potential impact upon the procoagulant activity (PCA) of bovine alveolar macrophages (bAM). Cultures of bAM were inoculated with bovine parainfluenza virus Type 3 (PI-3), cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpBVDV), non-cytopathic BVDV (ncpBVDV), or bovine herpes virus Type 1 (BHV-1) and incubated for several time periods (24, 48, 72, 96 h). BAM were then exposed to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or LPS with bovine serum. The amount of PCA expressed was quantified using a chromogenic assay. Viral inoculation increased bAM expression of PCA (P < 0.01). The increase in PCA expression was larger at higher rates of viral inoculation (P < 0.01). LPS enhanced PCA expression by bAM at low rates of viral inoculation (P < 0.01). The effect of LPS-serum treatment was greater than the LPS alone (P < 0.01). At high rates of viral inoculation, LPS had no enhancing effect on PCA expression. The effect of LPS on virus inoculated bAM varied with virus type, rate of inoculation, and duration of virus exposure (P < 0.01). The results suggest that these four viruses initiate the production of PCA by bAM independently of LPS. In the field situation, an initial viral infection may induce fibrin deposition in the pulmonary alveoli prior to the establishment of a secondary gram negative bacterial infection.
BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF A PATIENT WITH ZELLWEGER-LIKE SYNDROME WITH NORMAL PTS-1 AND PTS-2 PEROXISOMAL PROTEIN IMPORT SYSTEMS: A NEW PEROXISOMAL DISEASE. ♦ 626

BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF A PATIENT WITH ZELLWEGER-LIKE SYNDROME WITH NORMAL PTS-1 AND PTS-2 PEROXISOMAL PROTEIN IMPORT SYSTEMS: A NEW PEROXISOMAL DISEASE. ♦ 626
Characterization of a Single-chain Antibody to the β-Chain of the T Cell Receptor

In this report the VH and VL genes of the anti-T cell receptor (TCR) antibody KJ16, which recognizes the TCR Vβ8.1 and Vβ8.2 regions in mice, were cloned and expressed as a single-chain antibody (scFv) in Escherichia coli. A 29-kDa protein was obtained after renaturation from inclusion bodies. The KJ16 scFv had a relative affinity for the native TCR that was slightly higher than KJ16 Fab fragments. The scFv and Fab fragments of the KJ16 antibody, together with monovalent forms of two other anti-TCR antibodies, were evaluated as antagonists of the T cell-mediated recognition of a peptide-class I complex or of a superantigen, Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) bound to a class II product. Each of the anti-TCR antibodies was efficient at inhibiting the recognition of the SEB-class II complex. In contrast, only the clonotypic antibody, which binds to epitopes on both the Vβ and Vα regions, inhibited the recognition of peptide-class I complex. We conclude that the TCR binding site for the SEB-class II ligand encompasses a larger surface area than the TCR binding site for the peptide-class I ligand.
Characteristics of Strained GaAsSb(N)/InP Quantum Wells Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition on InP Substrates

GaAsSb (N) superattices (SLs) grown on InP substrates using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy are investigated by high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature photoluminescence (PL), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD shows very sharp satellite peaks and pendellosung fringes, which indicates excellent crystalline quality and abrupt interfaces in the GaAsSb (N)/InP SL, with Sb varies with 0.2 to 0.7. Low temperature PL shows clearly different features between the 25% Sb and 44% Sb samples. A band alignment difference is proposed to explain these behaviors. Experimental data establishes that the transition from a type-I to a type-II heterostructure occurs for a Sb-content of approximately 40%, which agrees well with the prediction by Model Solid Theory. While N incorporation degrades the PL intensity, it also provides the greater electron confinement needed to achieve mid-IR emission from GaAsSbN/GaAsSb type-II QWs
Efficient architectures for implementing the prime-factor Fourier transform modules

Memory intensive architectures are highly suited to VLSI technology. In this paper we present efficient architectures for implementing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the discrete Hartley transform (DHART) based on prime factor decomposition. We use the multiplier-less distributed arithmetic in our architecture. But the look-up table sizes needed for implementing the short DFT/DHART modules are minimized by judiciously decomposing the short DFT/DHART matrices.
Program-Level Influences on the Measurement of Early Communication for Infants and Toddlers in Early Head Start.

Measurement in early childhood is an increasingly large-scale endeavor addressing purposes of accountability, program improvement, child outcomes, and intervention decision making for individual ch...
Influence of solution pH and ionic strength on chromate uptake by surfactant-modified zeolite

In this study, the influence of solution pH and ionic strength on sorption of chromate by surfactant-modified zeolite was tested. The sorption of chromate followed a Langmuir isotherm under different pH and ionic strength conditions. However, as the solution pH and ionic strength increased, the Langmuir sorption coefficient of chromate decreased systematically, reflecting an increased competition of background electrolyte anions against chromate for sorption sites. The chromate sorption maximum also decreased slightly as the solution pH and ionic strength increased. The stoichiometric relationship between chromate sorption and counterion desorption further indicated that chromate sorption on surfactant-modified zeolite surfaces was mainly due to surface anion exchange. In addition, increases in background electrolyte reduced counterion desorption and resulted in a better surfactant bilayer formation.
Multimesa versus annular construction for high average power in semiconductor devices

The thermal resistance performance of and total material area required for various arrangements of three or more active devices in regular patterns are compared to the equivalent quantities for single mesa devices and annular devices of varying ratios of thickness to diameter. Triangular (trimesa), square (quadrimesa), centered-square (pentamesa), and N \times N arrays of mesas are considered. A closed-form solution for the temperature distribution both inside and outside the periphery of each mesa allows consideration of thermal interaction among mesas. Results are presented in the form of plots useful for design.
Cryptococcal sternal osteomyelitis in a healthy woman: a review of Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus, an opportunistic yeast, known to afflict immune-compromised patients is often overlooked in immune-competent patients. This has led to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide. We present a case of Cryptococcus causing sternal osteomyelitis in an immune-competent individual. Till date no case of Cryptococcus causing sternal osteomyelitis in an immune-competent patient has been reported in the English literature since 1946–2011. With the rising incidence of Cryptococcus infection it should be included among the list of infections causing osteomyelitis. Early detection and prompt treatment can decrease both morbidity and mortality.
Further Evidence of the Need for Supplementing Soybean Meal Chick Rations with Phosphorus

Abstract In recent experimental work on the substitution of soybean meal in chick rations for meat scrap and fish meal, a study was made of the effect upon growth and bone development of omitting supplementary phosphorus from the rations which contained no animal protein feedstuffs. Two basal rations were fed in this work. Ration 1 was composed of 2 percent yellow corn meal, 25 percent crushed wheat, 10 percent ground oats, 5 percent dehydrated alfalfa meal, 30 percent soybean meal, 0.5 percent B-Y feed, 2 percent pulverized limestone, 0.5 percent iodized salt, plus 100 A.O.A.C. units of vitamin D per 100 grams in the form of activated animal sterol. Ration 2, except for the use of wheat by-products in the place of crushed wheat, was identical with ration 1. Rations 3 and 4 were the same as rations 1 and 2, respectively, except for the inclusion of 2 percent of steamed . . .
Robust and real-time torsional eye position calculation using a template-matching technique

Abstract Computation of eye rotation about the line of sight (torsion) using image processing techniques has traditionally used cross-correlation of iral signatures sampled from circular arcs centered on the pupil. We have developed a new algorithm that utilizes a template-matching technique to calculate torsional eye position. Iral signatures are obtained from two annuli centered on the pupil center. By assuming that torsional rotation of the eye is constrained between successive video frames (
Shocked quartz found at the K/T boundary

What killed the dinosaurs? This is the most popular question of the “Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) controversy,” which is concerned with the extinction some 65 m.y. ago of more than 75% of the world's existing floral and faunal species [Surlyk, 1980]. A popular hypothesis of their untimely demise is the impact of a meteorite [Alvarez et al., 1980]. However, despite the claim [Alvarez, 1983] that this has been proven, some serious doubts remain [Hallam, 1987; Officer et al., 1987]. A rival claim, that the dinosaurs were done in by a catastrophic volcanic eruption, has attracted some proponents and has some evidence in its favor, but that case is far from proven. However, it does have the advantage of having a definite event to point to the Deccan Traps in India. These are the largest continental flood basalts known from the Phanerozoic. According to recent studies [Courtillot et al., 1986; Feraud et al., 1988], the Deccan Traps were emplaced close to 65 m.y. ago. Is this timing a coincidence or are the two events (the mass extinction and the Deccan volcanism) related?
Effects of problem formulation and process structures on performance and perceptions in a GDSS environment: an experiment

A laboratory study examined the effects of problem formulation and process structuring on group performance and member perceptions within a GDSS environment on a problem-solving task. All groups solved the problem. Control groups had no preceding formulation stage. Half the non-control groups received a simple advocacy treatment, while others were also given a specific formulation heuristic to follow. Full heuristic groups were, significantly better on formulation score and appeared to have an edge on solution score as well. The simple advocacy groups had the more favorable process and outcome perceptions; worst perceptions were expressed by the full heuristic groups. Speculation is offered about GDSS structural restrictiveness and task perceptions as well as about the link between problem formulation and solution. >
Hereditary Colon Cancer Syndromes

Colon cancer is associated with a family history in up to 25% of cases. As many as 5% are associated with an established hereditary syndrome, demonstrating the profound influence of inheritable genetic mechanisms in the development of this disease. These syndromes confer a diverse spectrum of risk, age of presentation, endoscopic and histological findings, extracolonic manifestations, and modes of inheritance. As the molecular characteristics of these disorders become better described, enhanced genotype-phenotype correlations may offer a more targeted approach to diagnosis, screening, and surveillance. While the strategies for diagnosis and management of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome are more established, the approach to newly recognized syndromes such as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) and hyperplastic polyposis syndromes continues to evolve. Effective cancer prevention in affected individuals and at-risk family members first requires timely recognition of these hereditary colon cancer syndromes followed by integration of genetic testing and clinical examinations.
Whole genome sequencing of SIV-infected macaques identifies candidate loci that may contribute to host control of virus replication

A small percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques control virus replication without antiretroviral treatment. The major determinant of this control is host expression of certain major histocompatibility complex alleles. However, this association is incompletely penetrant, suggesting that additional loci modify the major histocompatibility complex's protective effect. Here, to identify candidate control-modifying loci, we sequence the genomes of 12 SIV-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques that experienced divergent viral load set points despite sharing the protective M1 major histocompatibility complex haplotype. Our genome-wide analysis of haplotype-level variation identifies seven candidate control-modifying loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 14. The highest variant density marks the candidate on chromosome 7, which is the only control-modifying locus to comprise genes with known immunological function. Upon closer inspection, we found an allele for one of these genes, granzyme B, to be enriched in M1(+) controllers. Given its established role as a cytotoxic effector molecule that participates in CD8-mediated killing of virus-infected cells, we test the role of variation within gzmb in modifying SIV control by prospectively challenging M1(+) granzyme B-defined macaques. Our study establishes a framework for using whole genome sequencing to identify haplotypes that may contribute to complex clinical phenotypes. Further investigation into the immunogenetics underlying spontaneous HIV control may contribute to the rational design of a vaccine that prevents acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Prioritized sequencing for efficient query on broadcast geographical information in mobile-computing

Broadcasting is an effective and efficient way to disseminate public geographical information to massive users. In this paper, we use R-tree to index broadcast geographical data. Based on our observation that geographical data and their accesses are often concentrated (clustered) in real applications, we propose a novel prioritized sequencing method by considering access frequencies based on application semantics to reduce average access time (latency). The key idea is to put "hot" data items ahead of "cold" ones in the broadcast sequence while still maintain R-Tree indexing structure.We evaluate our method using MapInfo Census 2000 data sample with 576 service locations and 111 of them are hot data items. The average reduction percentages of access time are reduced by 60% for both point queries and range queries based on 10 rounds experiments, each consists 10 hot data items and 5 cold items that are randomly selected. We conclude that our simple method is very effective in improving query efficiency in geographical information broadcast systems.We also proved the linear relationship between wait time and the Aggregate Data Affinity (ADA) (Lee, 2000), a parameter measuring the "eagerness" for data experienced by a client during a query process in broadcast wireless mobile computing environment. Thus our conclusion also holds when using ADA for evaluating broadcast system performance.