cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The genus Ravenelia in Argentina.

A comprehensive account of the 18 species of Ravenelia from Argentina is presented. Each species is described and illustrated. A key to the species of Ravenelia from Argentina is provided based on micromorphology. Ravenelia echinata var. ectypa and R. macrocarpa are recorded for the first time from Argentina. The name Ravenelia argentinensis was determined to belong to an anamorph, therefore the teleomorph is described as a new species, R. argentinica sp. nov. Several new anamorph/teleomorph connections were made. Names and synonyms for teleomorphs and anamorphs are listed for all species.
A model and a system for data-parallel program visualization

Parallel program visualization and debugging require new techniques for gathering and displaying execution trace and profile data. Interaction with the program during execution is also required to facilitate parallel debugging. We discuss the difficulties associated with runtime user/program interaction and how the data-parallel programming paradigm facilitates much more liberal runtime interaction than typical MIMD-based models. We present a model for data-parallel program visualization that addresses both data collection/interaction and visualization issues. We follow our model presentation with the design and implementation of a subset of our visualization model. We discuss our preliminary findings and propose future research directions.
Entropic and electrostatic effects on the folding free energy of a surface-attached biomolecule: an experimental and theoretical study.

Surface-tethered biomolecules play key roles in many biological processes and biotechnologies. However, while the physical consequences of such surface attachment have seen significant theoretical study, to date this issue has seen relatively little experimental investigation. In response we present here a quantitative experimental and theoretical study of the extent to which attachment to a charged—but otherwise apparently inert—surface alters the folding free energy of a simple biomolecule. Specifically, we have measured the folding free energy of a DNA stem loop both in solution and when site-specifically attached to a negatively charged, hydroxylalkane-coated gold surface. We find that whereas surface attachment is destabilizing at low ionic strength, it becomes stabilizing at ionic strengths above ∼130 mM. This behavior presumably reflects two competing mechanisms: excluded volume effects, which stabilize the folded conformation by reducing the entropy of the unfolded state, and electrostatics, which...
Electrostatic "fractional" image methods for perfectly conducting wedges and cones

Engheta (1996) introduced a definition for the electric charge "fractional-order" multipoles using the concept of fractional derivatives and integrals. Here, we utilize that definition to introduce a detailed image theory for the two-dimensional (2-D) electrostatic potential distributions in front of a perfectly conducting wedge with arbitrary wedge angles, and for the three-dimensional potential in front of a perfectly conducting cone with arbitrary cone angles. We show that the potentials in the presence of these structures can be described equivalently as the electrostatic potentials of sets of equivalent "image" charge distributions that effectively behave as "fractional-order" multipoles; hence, the name "fractional" image methods. The fractional orders of these so-called fractional images depend on the wedge angle (for the wedge problem) and on the cone angle (for the cone problem). Special cases where these fractional images behave like the discrete images are discussed, and physical justification and insights into these results are given.
Pancreatic Islet Vasculature Adapts to Insulin Resistance through Dilation and Not Angiogenesis

Pancreatic islets adapt to insulin resistance through a complex set of changes, including β-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. To determine if islet vascularization changes in response to insulin resistance, we investigated three independent models of insulin resistance: ob/ob, GLUT4+/−, and mice with high-fat diet–induced obesity. Intravital blood vessel labeling and immunocytochemistry revealed a vascular plasticity in which islet vessel area was significantly increased, but intraislet vessel density was decreased as the result of insulin resistance. These vascular changes were independent of islet size and were only observed within the β-cell core but not in the islet periphery. Intraislet endothelial cell fenestration, proliferation, and islet angiogenic factor/receptor expression were unchanged in insulin-resistant compared with control mice, indicating that islet capillary expansion is mediated by dilation of preexisting vessels and not by angiogenesis. We propose that the islet capillary dilation is modulated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase via complementary signals derived from β-cells, parasympathetic nerves, and increased islet blood flow. These compensatory changes in islet vascularization may influence whether β-cells can adequately respond to insulin resistance and prevent the development of diabetes.
Glutamine Therapy Improves Outcome of In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Colitis Models

Background: Pharmacologic doses of glutamine (GLN) can improve clinical outcome following acute illness and injury. Recent studies indicate enhanced heat shock protein (HSP) expression is a key mechanism underlying GLN’s protection. However, such a link has not yet been tested in chronic inflammatory states, such as experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: Experimental colitis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via oral 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 7 days. GLN (0.75 g/kg/d) or sham was administered to rats by oral gavage during 7-day DSS treatment. In vitro inflammatory injury was studied using YAMC colonic epithelial cells treated with varying concentrations of GLN and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor–α/interferon-γ). Results: Pharmacologic dose, bolus GLN attenuated DSS-induced colitis in vivo with decreased area under curve for bleeding (8.06 ± 0.87 vs 10.38 ± 0.79, P < .05) and diarrhea (6.97 ± 0.46 vs 8.53 ± 0.39, P < .05). This was associated with enhanced HSP25 and HSP70 in co...
Social influence and the brain: persuasion, susceptibility to influence and retransmission

Social influence is an important topic of research, with a particularly long history in the social sciences. Recently, social influence has also become a topic of interest among neuroscientists. The aim of this review is to highlight current research that has examined neural systems associated with social influence, from the perspective of being influenced as well as influencing others, and highlight studies that link neural mechanisms with real-world behavior change beyond the laboratory. Although many of the studies reviewed focus on localizing brain regions implicated in influence within the lab, we argue that approaches that account for networks of brain regions and that integrate neural data with data beyond the laboratory are likely to be most fruitful in understanding influence.
Evaluation of Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation in Late Gestation on Lamb Survival and Pre-Weaning Growth1

This study was conducted to evaluate vitamin E injection and Se in a mineral supplement in late gestation on lamb survival and pre-weaning growth performance. Ewes were grouped in pens based on their fetal count and BW. The feed provided to ewes in late gestation included alfalfa hay, corn, and protein supplement according to NRC (1985) recommendations. Ewes in late gestation were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments within fetal count (single, twin, and triplet + quad). Treatments were no vitamin E or 900 IU of vitamin E injected i.m. per week and 10 or 90 ppm of Se in a mineral supplement fed ad libitum. Within each pen of ewes (8 to 10 head), approximately one-half of the ewes received injectable E beginning 4 wk before the first expected lambing; the other one-half received no vitamin E. Vitamin E treatments ended at lambing time; however, ewes remained on their respective mineral sources during lactation. Lambs were provided access to creep (16% CP, 83% TDN, and fortified with 35,000 IU of vitamin E, 0.27 g of Se, and 50 g of chlortetracycline/909 kg of creep feed) initiated at an average 10 d of age to weaning. Weekly injection of 900 IU of vitamin E did not affect birth BW (BBW) of lambs. However, 90 ppm of Se fed ad libitum improved BBW of lambs (5.06 vs 4.88 kg, P<0.10) with all of the improvement occurring in lambs born to 6- to 7-yr-old ewes (P<0.01). Vitamin E increased (P<0.05) the pre-weaning performance of lambs from 1- to 2- and 6- to 7-yr-old ewes but did not improve the performance in lambs from 3- to 5-yr-old ewes. Multiple-birth lambs from ewes treated with vitamin E had increased survival in 1 of 2 experimental yr (P<0.05). Survival of single-birth lambs was not effected by vitamin E or Se treatment. These results demonstrate that supplementation of 90 ppm of Se fed ad libitum to ewes during late gestation and throughout lactation improved BBW of lambs from 6- to 7-yr-old ewes, and weekly injection of 900 IU of vitamin E to ewes during late gestation increased the pre-weaning growth of lambs from 1- to 2- and 6- to 7-yr-old ewes and may increase the survival of multiple-birth lambs.
Agonistic Properties of Cannabidiol at 5-HT1a Receptors

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major, biologically active, but psycho-inactive component of cannabis. In this cell culture-based report, CBD is shown to displace the agonist, [3H]8-OHDPAT from the cloned human 5-HT1a receptor in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, the major psychoactive component of cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) does not displace agonist from the receptor in the same micromolar concentration range. In signal transduction studies, CBD acts as an agonist at the human 5-HT1a receptor as demonstrated in two related approaches. First, CBD increases [35S]GTPcS binding in this G protein coupled receptor system, as does the known agonist serotonin. Second, in this GPCR system, that is negatively coupled to cAMP production, both CBD and 5-HT decrease cAMP concentration at similar apparent levels of receptor occupancy, based upon displacement data. Preliminary comparative data is also presented from the cloned rat 5-HT2a receptor suggesting that CBD is active, but less so, relative to the human 5-HT1a receptor, in binding analyses. Overall, these studies demonstrate that CBD is a modest affinity agonist at the human 5-HT1a receptor. Additional work is required to compare CBD’s potential at other serotonin receptors and in other species. Finally, the results indicate that cannabidiol may have interesting and useful potential beyond the realm of cannabinoid receptors.
An Assessment of Simplified vs. Detailed Methodologies for SSI Analyses of Deeply Embedded Structures

Sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is carrying out a research program to develop a technical basis to support the safety evaluation of deeply embedded and/or buried (DEB) structures as proposed for advanced reactor designs. In this program, the methods and computer programs established for the assessment of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects for the current generation of light water reactors are evaluated to determine their applicability and adequacy in capturing the seismic behavior of DEB structures. This paper presents an assessment of the simplified vs. detailed methodologies for seismic analyses of DEB structures. In this assessment, a lump-mass beam model is used for the simplified approach and a finite element representation is employed for the detailed method. A typical containment structure embedded in a soil profile representative of a typical nuclear power plant site was utilized, considering various embedment depths from shallow to full burial. BNL used the CARES program for the simplified model and the SASSI2000 program for the detailed analyses. The calculated response spectra at the key locations of the DEB structure are used for the performance assessment of the applied methods for different depths of burial. Included in the paper are: 1) the description of both the simplified and detailed models for the SSI analyses of the DEB structure, 2) the comparison of the analysis results for the different depths of burial between the two methods, and 3) the performance assessment of the analysis methodologies for SSI analyses of DEB structures. The resulting assessment from this study has indicated that simplified methods may be capable of capturing the seismic response for much deeper embedded structures than would be normally allowed by the standard practice.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Behavioural responses of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) to extracts of larvae, cocoons and brood food of worker and drone honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Abstract.Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite of the honey bee species Apis cerana Fabr. and A. mellifera L. Mature females reproduce on the immature stages of their hosts, producing more viable female offspring on drone hosts than on worker hosts. Thus, immature drones are more likely to be infested with mites than immature workers. To investigate the hypothesis that differences in host chemistries underlie the biased distribution of mites between worker and drone brood, the arrestment responses of mites to solvent extracts of a number of stimuli normally encountered by a mite during its life cycle were measured. Mites were arrested by cuticular extracts of worker and drone larvae obtained at 0, 24 and 48 h prior to the time when cell capping is completed. Mites were also arrested by extracts of worker and drone, brood food and cocoons, and by a blend of synthetic fatty acid esters previously shown to be active in the host acquisition process. In a wind tunnel bioassay, mites were attracted to odours from living fifth-instar worker and drone larvae, but not to volatiles from cocoons, brood food or a blend of fatty acid esters. The sex of the host was not an important factor affecting the behavioural responses of the mites in any assay. We conclude that host kairomones play a role in the host acquisition process, but we found no evidence to support the hypothesis that mites use these substances to differentiate between worker and drone brood.
Gain limitations in narrow width Josephson junction vortex flow transistors

The number of devices required to achieve a practical gain from a Josephson junction vortex flow transistor (JVFT) distributed amplifier is inversely proportional to the gain or the transresistance, r/sub m/ of each active device. A large number of devices means longer transmission line lengths associated with increased loss and size. Reducing the junction width results in increased r/sub m/, however there is a fundamental limit for achievable r/sub m/. This is basically due to two reasons, increased fringing field effects and edge penetration at smaller aspect ratios. Field analyses made on devices with various dimensions show this limitation in the magnitude of r/sub m/ for narrower junctions. The analysis also provides valuable information on parasitic elements in the circuit model for a JVFT. Results of the analyses on devices having different geometries suitable for high frequency operation are presented. >
Critically attained threshold of cerebral hypoperfusion: can it cause Alzheimer's disease?

: After nearly a century of inquiry, the cause of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be found. On the subject of AD pathogenesis, recent basic and clinical evidence strongly argues in favor of the concept that AD is linked to brain circulatory pathology. This concept, when viewed from many different medical disciplines and from close pre-morbid similarities to vascular dementia, assembles and hypothetically explains most of the key pathologic events associated with the development of AD. These pathologic events are triggered in AD by impaired cerebral perfusion originating in the microvasculature which affects the optimal delivery of glucose and oxygen and results in an energy metabolic breakdown of brain cell biosynthetic and synaptic pathways. We propose that two factors converge to initiate cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration as expressed in AD brain: (1) advanced aging, and (2) the presence of a condition that lowers cerebral perfusion. The first factor introduces a normal but potentially deconstructing process that lowers cerebral blood flow in proportion to increased aging, whereas the second factor adds a crucial burden that further lowers brain perfusion to a critical threshold that triggers neuronal metabolic compromise. When age and a condition that lowers cerebral perfusion converge, critically attained threshold of cerebral hypoperfusion (CATCH) results. CATCH is a cyclical and progressive cerebrovascular insufficiency that will destabilize neurons, synapses, neurotransmission, and cognitive ability, eventually evolving into a neurodegenerative process characterized by the formation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and amyloid angiopathy. The concept of impaired cerebral perfusion as the cause of this dementia also explains the heterogeneic profile observed in AD patients, because an extensive list of risk factors for AD are also reported to significantly diminish blood flow to the aging brain.
Affiliation Motivation and Hawaiian-American Achievement

Research was reviewed suggesting that Hawaiian-American achievement is related to affiliation motivation. Fantasy n affiliation (nAff) was correlated with reading achievement test scores, but not math achievement scores, for a sample of 67 males and females. There was no relationship between n Ach and achievement test scores. The process linking nAff and Hawaiian-American achievement was suggested to involve differential responsiveness to teacher social influence. The results support the view that there are cultural variations in the motivational antecedents of achievement.
ColD SPA: a tool for collaborative process model development

Awareness of the need for business analysis has grown faster than the evolution of tools to support collaborative development of business analysis models. Involvement of key personnel is important for model accuracy and buy-in, which is not trivial, especially if they are distributed geographically. Traditionally, models have been developed by individuals or small groups because of the complexity of collaborative modeling. University of Arizona researchers have created specialized electronic meeting systems tools and methods to support several types of collaborative business models. The paper discusses the creation of the Collaborative Distributed Scenario and Process Analyzer (ColD SPA) tool, developed to support collaborative business scenario and process modeling. The ColD SPA prototype serves as "proof-of-concept" that a Web based tool can support collaborative modeling in face-to-face and distributed settings. Flexibility integrated into SPA enables it to support a wide range of problem analysis tasks and has resulted in a type of "build-your-own" collaborative tool.
Teaching Public Issues to Gifted High School Students: The New Jersey Governor's School Approach

The New Jersey Governor's School is described in this article. The school is designed to foster global awareness, be forward-looking, emphasize certain generally accepted values, foster a sense of personal responsibility, provide an experience to enhance student growth and development, and to emphasize student participation. The learning environment is described with reference to the community life, intensive courses, Evening Series, and the Integrative Seminar. The article concludes with a discussion of the futures oriented programatic base.
ON RESEARCH AND ENTOMOLOGICAL EDUCATION VI: FIREFLY SPECIES AND LISTS, OLD AND NOW

Abstract Lists of insect species are useful for insect biologists and students in several fields, including taxonomy, behavioral ecology, conservation, and biological control, and they are useful to the teacher of classical entomology for the insight and drama they can provide to the history and biography of our science. Such lists can be viewed as cooperative projects that have combined the efforts and enthusiasms of naturalist/taxonomists along a time line, and as they evolve they can become ever better guides to observation and identification, and to new and interesting biotaxonomic problems. The list of NA fireflies recorded here gives the number and continental location of working species now recognized after long study of this taxon at the bench, in the library, and afield by many naturalists and taxonomists across more than two centuries, and makes status changes in a few species.
Contextual influences and goal perspectives among female youth sport participants.

Abstract This study investigated two research questions: (1) do goal involvement and state anxiety vary between athletic games and athletic practices? and (2) do goal orientations change over the course of a competitive season as a function of the perceived team motivational climate? Middle school athletes (n = 127) were assessed on goal orientations, goal involvement, state anxiety, and motivational climate. Results indicated that athletes were more task involved and less anxious in practice than in game situations, and task goal orientation changed over the season relative to perceptions of mastery and performance climates. These results may indicate that sport offers an environment different from the academic setting and that mainstream psychology theories need to be adapted for the sport context.
Chemical amplification--cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy measurements of atmospheric peroxy radicals.

We describe a new instrument for the quantification of atmospheric peroxy radicals (HO2, CH3O2, C2H5O2, etc.) using the chemical amplification method. Peroxy radicals are mixed with high concentrations of NO and CO, causing a chain reaction that produces a measurable increase in NO2 which is quantified by cavity attenuated phase shift (CAPS) spectroscopy, a highly sensitive spectroscopic detection technique. The instrument utilizes two identical reaction chambers, each with a dedicated CAPS NO2 sensor. Similar to all dual-channel chemical amplifiers, one reaction chamber operates in amplification or “ROx” mode and the other in background or “Ox” mode. The peroxy radical mixing ratio is determined by the difference between the two channels’ NO2 readings divided by a laboratory-determined chain length. Each reaction chamber alternates between ROx and Ox mode on an anti-synchronized schedule, eliminating the effect of CAPS baseline offsets on the calculated peroxy radical concentrations. The chain length is ...
Privacy Preserving Similarity Evaluation of Time Series Data

Privacy preserving issues of time series databases in financial, medical and transportation applications have become more and more important recently. A key problem in time series databases is to compute the similarity between two different time series. Despite some recent work on time series security and privacy, there is very limited progress on securely computing the similarity between two time series. In this paper, we consider exactly this problem in a twoparty setting (client and server). In particular, we want to compute the similarity between two time series, one from the client and the other from the server, without revealing the actual time series to the other party. Only the value of the similarity should be revealed to both parties at the end. At the same time, we want to do the computation as efficiently as possible. Therefore, we propose practical protocols for computing the similarity (or distance) for time series using two popular and well known functions: Dynamic
Dithiol Aryl Arsenic Compounds as Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals.

Arsenic-72 (72As) and 77As have nuclear properties useful for positron emission tomography (PET) and radiotherapy, respectively. The thiophilic nature of arsenic led to the evaluation of dithioarylarsines for potential use in radiopharmaceuticals. Several dithioarylarsines were synthesized from their arylarsonic acids and dithiols and were fully characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, and X-ray crystallography. This chemistry was translated to the no-carrier-added (nca) 77As level. Because arsenic was available at the nca nanomolar level only as [77As]arsenate, this required addition of an aryl group directly to the As to form the [77As]arylarsonic acid. The [77As]arsenate was reduced from 77As (V) to 77As (III), and a modified Bart reaction was used to incorporate the aryl ring onto the 77As, which was followed by dithiol addition. Various modifications and optimizations resulted in 95% radiochemical yield of nca [77As]p-ethoxyphenyl-1,2-ethanedithiolatoarsine.
Dust Devil Populations and Statistics

The highly-skewed diameter and pressure drop distributions of dust devils on Earth and Mars are noted, and challenges of presenting and comparing different types of observations are discussed. The widely-held view that Martian dust devils are larger than Earth’s is critically assessed: the question is confounded somewhat by different observation techniques, but some indication of a ${\sim} 3\mathrm{x}$ larger population on Mars is determined. The largest and most intense (in a relative pressure sense) devils recorded are on Mars, although the largest reported number density is on Earth. The difficulties of concepts used in the literature of ‘average’ diameter, pressure cross section, and area fraction are noted in the context of estimating population-integral effects such as dust lifting.
Direct vitamin D3 actions on rhesus macaque follicles in three-dimensional culture: assessment of follicle survival, growth, steroid, and antimüllerian hormone production

Objective To investigate the direct actions of active 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD3) upon primate follicular development at specific stages of folliculogenesis. Design Secondary preantral follicles were isolated from rhesus monkeys ovaries, encapsulated in alginate, and cultured for 40 days. Follicles were randomly assigned to experimental groups of control, low-dose VD3 (LVD3; 25 pg/mL), and high-dose VD3 (HVD3; 100 pg/mL). Setting National primate research center. Animal(s) Adult, female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ). Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Follicle survival and growth, as well as oocyte size, were assessed. Progesterone (P 4 ), androstenedione (A 4 ), E 2 , and antimullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations in culture media were measured. Result(s) Compared with the control group, LVD3 increased preantral follicle survival at week 2 by >66%, while HVD3 increased antral follicle diameters at week 5. Follicles with diameters ≥500 μm at week 5 were categorized as fast-growing follicles. Higher percentages of fast-growing follicles were obtained after HVD3 treatment. Although P 4 , A 4 , and E 2 production by antral follicles was not altered by VD3, AMH concentrations were 36% higher in the LVD3 group relative to controls at week 5. Oocytes with larger diameters were retrieved from antral follicles developed in both LVD3 and HVD3 groups compared with controls. Conclusion(s) The addition of LVD3 increased preantral follicle survival and maintained AMH production by antral follicles, while HVD3 improved antral follicle growth. VD3 supplement promoted oocyte growth in in vitro–developed follicles. Direct actions of VD3 on the primate follicle appear to be both dose and stage dependent.
Removing ammonia from air with a constant pH, slightly acidic water spray wet scrubber using recycled scrubbing solution

Previous research on wet scrubbers has only studied highly acidic scrubbing solutions because of their high ammonia capture efficiencies; however, the high acidity created practical problems. Lower acidity solutions would reduce corrosion, maintenance, and cost; however, designers may need to use strategies for increasing scrubber effectiveness, such as using lower air velocities. The objective of this study was to determine if a spray scrubber with slightly acidic and higher pH scrubbing solution (pH from 2 to 8) could effectively remove NH3 from NH3 laden air (such as animal building exhaust air), and also collect this valuable resource for later use as a fertilizer. A bench-scale spray wet scrubber treated 20 ppmv NH3/air mixture in a countercurrent contact chamber. First, the solution pH was varied from 2 to 8 while maintaining constant air velocity at 1.3 m•s–1. Next, air velocity was increased (2 and 3 m•s–1) while solution pH remained constant at pH6. At 1.3 m•s–1, NH3 removal efficiencies ranged between 49.0% (pH8) and 84.3% (pH2). This study has shown that slightly acidic scrubbing solutions are a practical means of removing ammonia from air especially if the scrubber is designed to increase collisions between solution droplets and NH3 molecules. The NH3 removed from the air was held in solution as NH4 + and accumulates over time so the solution should be an excellent fertilizer.
TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR (MITRACLIP) IN UNITED STATES: ETIOLOGIES AND PREDICTORS OF READMISSION AND IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY FROM THE NATIONWIDE READMISSION DATABASE

Background: The primary objective of our study was to evaluate real-world outcomes of Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) (MitraClip) including in-hospital mortality and short-term readmission rates. Methods: The study cohort was derived from the National Readmission Data (NRD) 2013. TMVR was
A CONSTITUIÇÃO: UM GOLPE CONTRA A OPINIÃO PÚBLICA

Mike Klarman discuss the main aspects of the research resulting in his newest book: The Framer’s Coup: the Making of the United States Constitution .
Predicting habitat suitability for eleven imperiled fluvial freshwater mussels

Understanding patterns in freshwater mussel distributions and habitat use, particularly for imperiled species, is critical for their conservation. To aid in management of imperiled mussels, and to demonstrate the utility using both landscape-based and biotic predictors in assessing species habitat suitability, we modeled 11 imperiled mussels in rivers of Michigan, USA. Models were developed with MaxEnt using a combination of host fish richness, natural abiotic reach variables, and landscape-based natural and anthropogenic variables. Because potential host fishes are important biological determinants of mussel distributions, fluvial host fish distributions (n = 37) were modeled and integrated as a predictor in mussel models. Key predictors determining habitat suitability for mussels included host fish richness, a strong positive predictor for 8 of 11 mussel species, stream discharge, urban land use, and upstream dam density. Models predicted 853 to 10,138 stream km of suitable habitat (1.1 to 13.6% of the state’s stream length) for the 11 mussel species, with 54 to 1,382 km (0.1 to 1.8%) being considered highly suitable habitat. Mapping of suitable habitats identified streams with available habitat for multiple listed species, allowing for more informed decisions in conservation planning and management of Michigan’s listed freshwater mussels and their fish hosts.
Review: The Suburban Church: Modernism and Community in Postwar America, by Gretchen Buggeln

Gretchen Buggeln The Suburban Church: Modernism and Community in Postwar America Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015, 368 pp., 144 b/w illus. $140 (cloth), ISBN 9780816694952; $40 (paper), ISBN 9780816694969 The postwar suburban American church is a complicated subject. Religious buildings occupy a typological history largely driven by the interpretation of monuments, yet these churches tend instead toward a kind of mainstream vernacular. Their unassuming modernity challenges presumptions both of a heroic modernism overcoming tradition and of a conception of sacred space reliant on drama and transcendence. That they were built by congregations often newly formed as part of the postwar flight from cities makes relevant the many sources of contemporaneous and later criticism of suburban culture, from racial segregation to alienating sprawl to housewife drudgery and reactionary conformity in the face of a growing counterculture. Without a doubt, sociopolitical critique of suburban culture is part of the story, yet on its own it risks obscuring the actual experiences of those involved in designing, building, and using these places. The full story must engage both. In The Suburban Church: Modernism and Community in Postwar America , Gretchen Buggeln offers a solid, meticulously researched account of how these churches came to be, how their congregations understood and valued them, and (implicitly) how these experiences may complicate negative views of suburban culture driven by sociopolitical critique. Rich in detail, conveyed through lucid narratives and compelling anecdotes, and drawing throughout on archival documents and relevant contemporaneous discourses, this study approaches the subject with multiple frames and at changing scales. As the author clarifies at the outset, her aim is to produce not a “comprehensive history” but a “representative survey of …
Nontraumatic Liver Herniation through a Right–Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia of Morgagni: An Autopsy Case Report with a Review of Liver Herniations through the Defect and a Review of the Defect:

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni (CMH) is a rare developmental defect that develops during the development of the human diaphragm. It is usually right-sided and tends to produce symptoms...
WHAT LESSONS DOES THE RECOMBINANT DNA DEBATE TEACH US A ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the lessons learned by individuals involved in recombinant DNA debate. A very important lesson that all should have learned is that scientists are expected to provide facts and carefully consider logically derived opinions based on the hard facts. Neither facts nor opinions should be colored by their political beliefs and personal anxieties, or by their often naive or perhaps arrogant assessment. In the recombinant DNA controversy, the public had often had the impression that scientists have been disagreeing on the facts, whereas the truth was that they disagreed only on the degree of their personal anxieties and their political theories and they hastily conceived opinions not based on hard facts. The public and its representatives have a very great interest in supporting research and ensuring that good scientists are trained and able to do science. The public and its representatives also must depend on scientists for early and straightforward discussion of the benefits to be expected as well as the possible negative corollaries of particular research.
Building a case for the application of Piaget's theory and research in the classroom

JVA athematics education, like all branches of the educative process, is subject to periodic fads. It is possible for mathematics educators to be taken with ideas that appear, have a brief moment of glory, and then are quietly laid to rest. In recent years, Piagetian research has been given hearty acceptance by many educators, to the point where some have suggested that it may be a fad. The purpose of this article is to argue that Piagetian research is worthwhile for the classroom, that its impact has not yet been fully realized, and that it will continue to expand in influence and relevance to mathematics education.
Sub-Additive 3D Printing of Optimized Double Curved Concrete Lattice Structures

The research presented in this paper investigates architectural-scale concrete 3D printing for the fabrication of rapidly-constructed, structurally-optimized concrete lattice structures. Sub-Additive Manufacturing utilizes a three-dimensional tool path for deposition of material over a mechanically-shaped substructure of reusable aggregate. This process expedites the production of doubly-curved concrete form by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases speed over typical concrete fabrication practices. Utilizing robotics to integrate a streamlined workflow from digital design to physical fabrication, Sub-Additive leverages digital workflows to produce structurally, materially, and spatially optimized building components while dramatically reducing waste material. Addressing digital form finding and optimization, material behaviors (both concrete and supportive aggregate), nozzle design and novel utilization of robotic fabrication, this paper introduces a series of key concepts for Sub-Additive Manufacturing, radically advancing concrete 3D printing at full scale.
Efficient Multirate Filter Bank Structure with Full Spectral Utilization for Multicarrier Communications

An engine for generating FIR filters of bandwidths that are arbitrary multiplications of a particular quantity are proposed. The design is based on first replacing $\pmb{z}$ by $\pmb{z}^{\pmb{L}}$ , where $\pmb{L}$ is an integer, in a low pass filter to result in a multiband filter with arbitrarily sharp transition band. The complement of this multiband filter is also generated. The important step in the proposed design is to feed this into a polyphase filter bank structure to isolate each band. The same is done to the complement of the multiband filter using a second polyphase filter bank structure. This way we have separate bands that could be combined with perfectly flat magnitude response and linear phase. It is shown that all combinations of individual bands could be computed in minimum possible logarithmic time while using the minimum number of additions. In this way, we have a structure to generate any filter response within the smallest band in the multiband structure using few additions. The filters could be left as complex i.e. single band or could be made real with addition to their corresponding conjugates at the cost of losing half the filter bands. The proposed dual filter bank structure could result in a multicarrier communications system that achieves full spectral utilization.
Vitamin D metabolism in dogs with and without hypercalciuric calcium oxalate urolithiasis

Background There are abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism in people with calcium nephrolithiasis, but limited data are available on vitamin D status in dogs with calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis. Objective To compare serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in dogs with and without hypercalciuric CaOx urolithiasis. Animals Thirty-eight dogs with (n = 19) and without (n = 19) a history of CaOx urolithiasis and hypercalciuria. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2 D], and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2 D] were measured. The ratios of 25(OH)D/24,25(OH)2 D and 1,25(OH)2 D/25(OH)D were compared between cases and controls. Results There were no significant differences between cases and controls when comparing 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2 D, 1,25(OH)2 D, or 1,25(OH)2 D/25(OH)D. Cases had higher 25(OH)D/24,25(OH)2 D (median = 1.40, range = 0.98-1.58) compared to controls (median = 1.16, range = 0.92-2.75; P = .01). There was overlap in the ranges for 25(OH)D/24,25(OH)2 D between cases and controls, but 6 cases (32%) had ratios above the control dog range. There was a moderate positive correlation between the ratio of 25(OH)D/24,25(OH)2 D and urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratios (r = 0.40, 95% confidence interval = 0.10-0.64; P = .01). Conclusions and clinical importance These data suggest that decreased conversion of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2 D occurs in a subset of dogs with CaOx urolithiasis. Abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism might contribute to stone risk in dogs.
On Learning to Prove

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning a first-order theorem prover that uses a representation of beliefs in mathematical claims to construct proofs. The inspiration for doing so comes from the practices of human mathematicians where "plausible reasoning" is applied in addition to deductive reasoning to find proofs. Towards this end, we introduce a representation of beliefs that assigns probabilities to the exhaustive and mutually exclusive first-order possibilities found in Hintikka's theory of distributive normal forms. The representation supports Bayesian update, induces a distribution on statements that does not enforce that logically equivalent statements are assigned the same probability, and suggests an embedding of statements into an associated Hilbert space. We then examine conjecturing as model selection and an alternating-turn game of determining consistency. The game is amenable (in principle) to self-play training to learn beliefs and derive a prover that is complete when logical omniscience is attained and sound when beliefs are reasonable. The representation has super-exponential space requirements as a function of quantifier depth so the ideas in this paper should be taken as theoretical. We will comment on how abstractions can be used to control the space requirements at the cost of completeness.
Facing up to Trump administration mercantilism: The 2018 WTO trade policy review of the United States

As one of the largest trading economies in the WTO system, US trade policy is reviewed regularly by WTO members, informed by a Trade Policy Review (TPR) report. This paper discusses the 2018 TPR of the United States, the 14th such review undertaken since the entry into force of the WTO in 1995. It is the first review of trade policy under the Trump administration. While the TPR documents the significant changes in US trade policy, it does not engage with the mercantilist vision that motivates trade policy under President Trump or the apparent desire to engage in trade wars with its major trading partners. The lack of discussion of the existential threat to the liberal trading system implied by the drastic changes to US trade policy reduces the salience of the TPR and makes it unclear exactly what purpose it serves.
Glutamine-requiring mutants of Bacillus subtilis.

Abstract Two glutamine-requiring (Gln−) mutants of Bacillus subtilis SMY were deficient in glutamine synthetase activity in vitro . The Gln− mutants sporulated poorly unless glutamine was provided at high concentrations. The differential rate of histidase synthesis following induction was 4- to 6-fold higher in the Gln− mutants than in wild-type cells. In addition, glucose repression of utilization of alternative carbohydrates appeared to be partially relieved in the Gln− mutants.
What current and missing data can teach us about medication errors.

Medication errors have been a leading cause of preventable harm for decades. Assiri and colleagues report that the cost of medication error worldwide exceeds $42 billion, or approximately 5%–6% of all hospitalisations.1 While this topic has been closely studied since its first appearance in scientific literature in 1953,2 the problems continue to evolve alongside changes to the medication-use system. The medication-use system is a function of many elements. Widespread transitions from paper-based to electronic health records have affected drug ordering and prescribing, documentation, transcribing, dispensing, administering and monitoring in ways that challenge traditional approaches to reducing errors that predate electronic records.3 In addition, the introduction of over 7000 branded small molecules or biologics, generics and biosimilars that overlap numerous therapeutic areas increased dependence on specialty care for people with multiple chronic conditions, and navigating transitions throughout the range of primary to quaternary care have all complicated the ability of health systems to manage individual patient medication needs safely.4 Thus, solutions to address common medication errors 10 or 20 years ago may quickly become outdated in our fast-paced healthcare sector. Medication errors can either be intercepted prior to reaching the patient or produce adverse drug events (ADEs) ranging from benign to life-threatening. Concerning prevalence rates of ADEs in hospitalised patients have been reported at 3.22% in the UK, 4.78% in Germany and 5.64% in the USA.5 For a country the size of the USA, the US Food and Drug Administration reports that this rate represents over 100 000 ADEs per year. However, these data relate only to the more severe ADEs: those resulting in death, a life threatening health state, hospitalisation, disability or birth defect.6 These figures therefore encapsulate pain and suffering as captured in administrative data but do not include the multitude of patients who missed …
Anesthesia Considerations for Operative Laparoscopy in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecological Surgery

The advent and improvement of laparoscopic surgical techniques have led to expanded surgical and diagnostic indications for this technology in the pediatric patient. The anesthetic management in these cases poses special challenges due to pneumoperitoneum and extreme patient positioning (Nezhat et al., Nezhat’s video-assisted and robotic-assisted laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2013; Tanaka et al., Nezhat’s video-assisted and robotic-assisted laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2013). This chapter takes a close look at anesthetic challenges of pediatric and adolescent patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery. It also describes preoperative considerations for pediatric surgery patients, including patient screening and premedication. Specific intraoperative and postoperative issues, including perioperative complications, pain management, and postoperative nausea and vomiting, all which are important for providing quality care and efficient patient experience, are discussed. The knowledge of the patient’s health status, along with the multiple physiologic changes that can occur and specific potential complications, allows the anesthesiologist to provide safer anesthesia care. This chapter provides an evidence-based overview of particular strategies in anesthesia care that have been utilized to improve the experience for pediatric and adolescent patients and their families.
Methylomes in Vegans versus Pescatarians and Nonvegetarians

Epigenetic studies in animal models have demonstrated that diet affects gene regulation by altering methylation patterns. We interrogated methylomes in humans who have different sources of protein in their diet. We compared methylation of DNA isolated from buffy coat in 38 vegans, 41 pescatarians and 68 nonvegetarians. Methylation data were obtained using Infinium HumanMethylation450 arrays and analyzed using the Partek Genomic software. Differences in differentially methylated sites were small, though with the use of relaxed statistical tests we did identify diet-associated differences. To further test the validity of these observations, we performed separate and independent comparisons of the methylation differences between vegans and nonvegetarians, and between vegans and pescatarians. The detected differences were then examined to determine if they were enriched in specific pathways. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of several specific processes, including homeobox transcription and glutamate transport. The detected differences in DNA methylation patterns between vegans, pescatarians, and nonvegetarians enabled us to identify 77 CpG sites that may be sensitive to diet and/or lifestyle, though high levels of individual-specific differences were also noted.