cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Effect of Relative Timing of Diurnal and Large-Scale Forcing on Summer Extreme Rainfall Characteristics over the Central United States

Abstract Impacts of diurnal radiative forcing on flow and rainfall patterns during summer flood and drought conditions (1993 and 1988, respectively) in the central United States were investigated using a regional climate model. The modeling approach, which included evaluation of sensitivity to modification in the solar hour, enabled evaluation of the impact on an event-by-event basis. The effect of the solar hour forward shift of 12 h on boundary layer wind speed over north-central Texas, which is often related to rainfall in the central United States through northward moisture advection, followed almost exactly the shift in solar hour. Domain-averaged daily rainfall in the central United States simulated with 12-h solar shift frequently showed in the flood year a backward or forward time shift of ∼12 h in the timing of its peak, an increase or decrease of rainfall rate, and on a few occasions noticeable formation of short-lived rainfall events. This pattern suggests relatively high sensitivity to the tim...
Other Theories of Trust and Trust Models

A 3-level basic knowledge structure is integrated with two other virtue theories of knowledge to yield a social perspective on the relation between trust and rationality in individual epistemology. One theory allows us to interpret basic trust as an animal competence that is rational but not reason-based, comprised of two different but mutually dependent pre-reflective trust dispositions, self-trust, and trust in other entities. Both competences are members of a class of natural reactions that are part of our first nature. The relative influences of these competences or reactions on the formation of our beliefs at the level of animal knowledge can be moderated at the level of reflective knowledge by reason-based competences such as intellectual virtues. Another theory allows us to anchor this interactive conception of the relation between trust and reason in the notion of epistemic rationality or normativity. The resulting unified theory of trust places practical limitations on the intellectual goals of basing our decisions on the most accurate and comprehensively coherent beliefs at the time the decision is made, and justifying our initial trust in the reliability of other entities or sources of knowledge in the presence of risk or vulnerability.
Toward transparent optical networking in exascale computers

We review the requirements and expectations of future Supercomputer architectures, analyse how transparent optical networking might contribute to these future systems scalable performance, and develop the most immediate challenges for optical system developers in this context.
The Temporal Structure of Equity Compensation

Linking managerial incentives to payoffs to shareholders provides managers with incentives to act in the shareholders' interest and to enhance shareholder value. Such alignment, when achieved through long-term equity stakes, also imposes risks on managers and leads to excessive managerial conservatism with respect to project risk choice. Shorter term equity-linked incentives can mitigate such managerial risk aversion and lead to more efficient risk-taking. Optimal short-term equity-linked compensation never results in excessive risk-taking by managers of an all-equity firm. However, in the presence of potential debt overhang, short-term equity incentives may lead to excessive risk-taking. Thus, the temporal structure of optimal equity incentives differs amongst industrial and financial firms with high implicit leverage through deposit-taking and an one-size-fits-all approach to managerial compensation across firm-types is not optimal.
Validation of Computational Aeroacoustics Algorithms

In most cases of aerodynamically generated noise there is no back reaction of the radiated noise on the flow. However, in some situations this is not the case. These cases can serve as valuable tests of computational aeroacoustic algorithms and boundary conditions. The simple class of problems considered in the present paper involves the radiation of sound by vortex flows. The interesting feature of these flows is that the loss of angular momentum and energy by the flow due to acoustic radiation alters the flow evolution. The general solution involves the matching of a potential flow surrounding a rotational region with an outer acoustic solution. Examples are given of the effects of the acoustic back reaction for point vortex and distributed vorticity solutions. In the latter case the inner solution is described by a general set of hypocycloidal vortex regions. The solutions are scaled in terms of parameters that are time invariant. The applicability of these solutions as tests of computational aeroacoustic algorithms is discussed. Finally, some discussion is given of the computational resources required for the solution of aeroacoustic problems.
A Study of Mexican Immigrant Mothers and Adolescent Daughters in the Heartland: "Mi Mamá Nada Más Me Dice Que Me Cuide Mucho" (My Mom Just Tells Me to Take Care of Myself a Lot)

Using ethnographic and interview data with a sample of Mexican immigrant mothers and their adolescent daughters in the Midwest, this study examines the values, fears, and expectations mothers had with respect to the sexual lives of their U.S.-born and/or raised daughters. Compared to their own experiences growing up in Mexico, immigrant mothers perceived the United States as a place of greater risk for their daughters. In that context, cuidate (take care of yourself) and seguir adelante (get ahead in life) emerged as two important socialization values. Mothers used cuidate as a global ethic attached to all aspects of their daughters' lives, from menstrual hygiene to safe sex. This was a way for mothers to send a message without being too explicit. Their U.S.-raised daughters had a different perception of these messages. Daughters felt that their mothers' messages were elusive. Furthermore, interviews with daughters suggest a level of frustration and anger at the vagueness of their mothers' messages about ...
A Comparison of Liu Meng-yin's "Preface to the Chief of Hansan County " and Liu Zong-yuan's "Preface to Xue Cunyi"

Korean Chinese writer Liu Meng-Yin was greatly influenced by Liu Zong-yuan,a famous Chinese litterateur on the writing style and the theory of essay writing.Therefore,there area lot of similarity among Lee's "Preface to the Chief of Hansan County" and Liu Zong-yuan's "Preface to Xue Cunyi".Both discuss the relationship between the Government and the public to express their own idea of the People;both use the analogy and contrast to make their expressing more distinct.However,in terms of artistic style and significantly different,the former is more detailed,frank,while the later simple and tactful;the former is better on the expressing of feelings and momentum,while the later is slightly advantageous in structure.
Renal Functional Abnormalities in Post-Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Man: A Comparison of these Defects to Post-Obstructive Diuresis

AbstractThe failure of fluid and electrolyte conservation in post-obstructive diuresis has not been demonstrated after release of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Despite this, balance and renal function studies in patients with this disorder indicate similar renal defects. The clinical difference is caused by a markedly low glomerular filtration rate in unilateral problems that prevents the excessive losses found with total obstruction.
Patterns of hemopoietic recovery in irradiated mice.

We have demonstrated three distinct patterns of altered hemopoietic recovery in irradiated mice: 1. That seen in mice given isologous hemopoietic cells, in which granulocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin and platelets all showed an early recovery The time required for granulocyte and lymphocyte recovery was relatively unaffected by the amount of radiation to which the host was exposed (LD1-99). The time between injection and recovery was also relatively constant. 2. That seen in mice given rat bone marrow, in which only granulocytes and hemoglobin showed an early increase in concentration, with lymphocytes and platelets recovering near the control times. 3. That seen in mice given endotoxin or colchicine prior to irradiation in which the lymphocyte recovery was variable while the granulocytes, hemoglobin and platelets compared favorably with mice given isologous bone marrow.
A Prospective Evaluation of the Effects of Prevalent Depressive Symptoms on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Biologic Response Modifiers.

Abstract Purpose Depressive symptoms are common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may affect disease activity and treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine if prevalent depressive symptoms modify biologic treatment response through their effect on RA disease activity. Methods RA patients with depressive symptoms, initiating biologic treatment, were identified from a US RA registry sample. Patients with depression were compared with control subjects (ie, those patients with no reports of depressive symptoms at, or before, initiating therapy) in terms of clinical disease activity index (CDAI) remission and low disease activity (LDA), and the changes in the component measures that comprise this scale at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Inverse probability weighting was used to account for differences in baseline disease severity, concomitant treatment characteristics, and other possible confounders. Logistic and linear regression models estimated differences in response rates and changes in component disease activity measures. Findings Depressive symptoms were associated with a decreased likelihood of CDAI remission at 6 months (odds ratio, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.19–0.96]) but not at 12 months (odds ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.43–1.60]), and there was no effect on CDAI LDA. Adjusted core component measurement changes showed smaller decreases in global assessment ratings in patients with depressive symptoms; these associations were not statistically significant. Implications Poorer treatment outcomes among RA patients with depressive symptoms may be a result of higher baseline disease severity. Adjusted estimates indicated symptoms of depression only affected remission at 6 months’ follow-up through patient and physician global assessments. Thus, any impact of depressive symptoms during biologic treatment might not be due to a definitive impact on joint swelling and tenderness.
The Immunological Basis of Active Specific Immunotherapy (ASI) for Human Melanoma

Over the past 6 years we have studied a therapeutic vaccine (“theraccine”) for human melanoma, while at the same time using this system as an immunological model with which to learn about the mechanisms underlying rejection of a human tumor. We have also attempted to discover which melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) are immunogenic in humans, i.e., which epitopes stimulate human T helper cells, and which epitopes are targets for cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Hyperekplexia; Response to Clonazepam

Sixteen patients, including 1 neonate, in a large 5 generation family with hyperekplexia (startle disease or congenital stiff-man syndrome) were treated with clonazepam at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX.
Effect of Evolocumab on Cholesterol Synthesis and Absorption

The effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs, including those that reduce cholesterol synthesis (statins) and those that reduce cholesterol absorption (ezetimibe), on cholesterol absorption and synthesis are well understood. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a novel class of cholesterol-lowering drugs that robustly reduce LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), but little is known about their effects on cholesterol absorption and synthesis. We evaluated how treatment with evolocumab, a fully human monoclonal IgG2 antibody to PCSK9, affects markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption by measuring these markers in patients from an evolocumab clinical trial. At 2 weeks, changes in β-sitosterol/total cholesterol (TC) from baseline were 4% for placebo, 10% for evolocumab 140 mg (nonsignificant vs. placebo), and 26% for evolocumab 420 mg (P < 0.001 vs. placebo). Changes in campesterol/TC at week 2, relative to baseline between placebo and evolocumab, were all nonsignificant. Evolocumab had a modest effect on markers of cholesterol synthesis. At 2 weeks, changes in desmosterol/TC were 1% for placebo, 7% for evolocumab 140 mg (nonsignificant vs. placebo), and 15% for evolocumab 420 mg (P < 0.01 vs. placebo). Changes from baseline in lathosterol/TC at week 2 between placebo and evolocumab were nonsignificant. These results suggest that evolocumab has a modest effect on cholesterol synthesis and absorption despite significant LDL-C lowering.
Partitioning of Alkali Metal Salts and Boric Acid from Aqueous Phase into the Polyamide Active Layers of Reverse Osmosis Membranes.

The partition coefficient of solutes into the polyamide active layer of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is one of the three membrane properties (together with solute diffusion coefficient and active layer thickness) that determine solute permeation. However, no well-established method exists to measure solute partition coefficients into polyamide active layers. Further, the few studies that measured partition coefficients for inorganic salts report values significantly higher than one (∼3–8), which is contrary to expectations from Donnan theory and the observed high rejection of salts. As such, we developed a benchtop method to determine solute partition coefficients into the polyamide active layers of RO membranes. The method uses a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to measure the change in the mass of the active layer caused by the uptake of the partitioned solutes. The method was evaluated using several inorganic salts (alkali metal salts of chloride) and a weak acid of common concern in water desalinat...
Synthesis, Characterization, and Variable-Temperature NMR Studies of Silver(I) Complexes for Selective Nitrene Transfer

An array of silver complexes supported by nitrogen-donor ligands catalyze the transformation of C═C and C–H bonds to valuable C–N bonds via nitrene transfer. The ability to achieve high chemoselectivity and site selectivity in an amination event requires an understanding of both the solid- and solution-state behavior of these catalysts. X-ray structural characterizations were helpful in determining ligand features that promote the formation of monomeric versus dimeric complexes. Variable-temperature 1H and DOSY NMR experiments were especially useful for understanding how the ligand identity influences the nuclearity, coordination number, and fluxional behavior of silver(I) complexes in solution. These insights are valuable for developing improved ligand designs.
A single session of perturbation-based gait training with the A-TPAD improves dynamic stability in healthy young subjects

Gait and balance disorders are among the most common causes of falls in older adults. Most falls occur as a result of unexpected hazards while walking. In order to improve the effectiveness of current fall-prevention programs, new balance training paradigms aim to strengthen the control of the compensatory responses required after external perturbations. The aim of this study was to analyze the adaptions of reactive and proactive strategies to control stability after repeated exposures to waist-pull perturbations delivered while walking. Eight healthy young subjects participated in a single training session with the Active Tethered Pelvic assisted Device (A-TPAD). Participants were exposed to repeated multi-directional perturbations of increasing intensity. The Antero-Posterior (AP) and Medio-Lateral (ML) Base of Support (BoS) and Margin of Stability (MoS) during the response to diagonal perturbations were compared before and after the training. Results showed that participants adapted both the reactive and proactive strategies to control walking balance by significantly increasing their pre- and post-perturbation stability. The changes were principally accounted for by an increment of the AP BoS and MoS and a reduction of ML BoS. This improved their ability to react to a diagonal perturbation. We envision that this system can be used to develop a perturbation-based gait training aimed at improving balance and control of stability during walking, thus reducing fall risk.
Performing Jewishness in the Croxton Play of the Sacrament

The Croxton Play of the Sacrament opens up when contemplated in a class on Jews and “Saracens” in medieval English literature through a pedagogical focus on genre. What difference, my students ask, does drama make when medieval Christians represent “the Jew”? Such a focus lends itself to addressing contradictions and instability when interpreting “the Jew” and seems especially pertinent to the concerns of the Croxton drama. Awash with an over-the-top theatricality, the Croxton Play of the Sacrament emphatically embraces its generic identity as a play. Drawing on both new historical information and intuitive student knowledge to open up this play, this lesson culminates in a careful look at the outrageous moment in Croxton when a Jew’s hand is nailed to a communion wafer and severed from his body.
Rehabilitation Medicine Approaches to Pain Management

Rehabilitation medicine offers strategies that reduce musculoskeletal pain, targeted approaches to alleviate movement-related pain, and interventions to optimize patients' function despite the persistence of pain. These approaches fall into four categories: modulating nociception, stabilizing and unloading painful structures, influencing pain perception, and alleviating soft tissue musculotendinous pain. Incorporating these interventions into individualized, comprehensive pain management programs offers the potential to empower patients and limit pain associated with mobility and required daily activities. Rehabilitative approach may be particularly helpful for patients with refractory movement-associated pain and functional vulnerability, and for those who do not wish for, or cannot, tolerate pharmacoanalgesia.
The Determinants of Palliative Care Use in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A National Study.

Background:Palliative care is associated with improved survival and quality of life, but its use among patients with colorectal cancer varies nationwide and the determinants of those variations are...
Speckle-free estimation of tissue elasticity with single track location shear wave elasticity imaging

Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) is commonly used to characterize tissue elasticity, but conventional, multiple-track-location SWEI (MTL-SWEI) techniques are resolution-limited by speckle. MTL-SWEI techniques use plane wave ultrasound to monitor an induced shear wave as it propagates across a set of tracking beams within a region of interest. The scattering process creates a random, yet stationary, spatial sensitivity pattern for each beamformed location, called speckle bias, which causes errors in MTL-SWEI shear wave speed estimates that cannot be improved through averaging. Single Track Location SWEI (STL-SWEI) overcomes speckle bias by using a single track beam, subsequently exciting and tracking different push locations, and comparing the timing of the recorded shear wave signals from different push locations to estimate shear wave speed. Two and three-dimensional STL-SWEI imaging techniques are presented and compared to MTL-SWEI and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging in phantoms and in vivo experiments. Tradeoffs and techniques for sequencing, beamforming, shear wave speed estimation, and image formation are discussed. For applications where tissue heating and motion are not limiting factors, STL-SWEI provides superior imaging in terms of lateral resolution and contrast-to-noise ratio compared to MTL-SWEI and ARFI. [This work was supported by NIHR37HL096023 and NIHR01EB01248.]Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) is commonly used to characterize tissue elasticity, but conventional, multiple-track-location SWEI (MTL-SWEI) techniques are resolution-limited by speckle. MTL-SWEI techniques use plane wave ultrasound to monitor an induced shear wave as it propagates across a set of tracking beams within a region of interest. The scattering process creates a random, yet stationary, spatial sensitivity pattern for each beamformed location, called speckle bias, which causes errors in MTL-SWEI shear wave speed estimates that cannot be improved through averaging. Single Track Location SWEI (STL-SWEI) overcomes speckle bias by using a single track beam, subsequently exciting and tracking different push locations, and comparing the timing of the recorded shear wave signals from different push locations to estimate shear wave speed. Two and three-dimensional STL-SWEI imaging techniques are presented and compared to MTL-SWEI and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging in phantoms and ...
Recuperación de solventes de una empresa del sector flexográfico

En este trabajo se realizo el muestreo y caracterizacion de los residuos liquidos de impresion generados por una empresa flexografica. La investigacion empleo el metodo descrito por la NTC 619 para determinar la curva de destilacion y establecer la composicion del destilado de nueve fracciones; posteriormente, usando un modelo de destilacion diferencial con arreglo en diferencias finitas, se calcularon las composiciones instantaneas de fondos. Con el uso del programa Aspen Plus, se calcularon las temperaturas de burbuja bajo dos modelos termodinamicos, en los que se encontro diferencias significativas con los datos experimentales. Tambien se elaboraron los mapas de curvas residuales para las composiciones normalizadas de los tres compuestos organicos volatiles mayoritarios de la mezcla, lo que reporto una buena prediccion de la composicion de fondos con los modelos UNIQUAC y NRTL, frente a los datos obtenidos experimentalmente.
Experimental and numerical investigation of mutual solvents for EOR applications

Abstract More than half of the oil discovered in existing oil reservoirs is left behind after primary and secondary recovery. It is essential to increase oil recovery from existing fields to meet future oil demand. The injection of solvents, an established enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique, has shown significant improvement in oil recovery over conventional water floods. However, injection of pure solvent slugs is expensive for field operators. To mitigate this problem, recent literature has proposed the use of brines that are saturated with mutual solvents (which dissolve in both oil and water phases). In this paper, we investigate the behavior of two mutual solvents, carbon dioxide (CO2) and diethyl ether (DEE). We have performed several core-floods in sandstone and carbonate cores. Injecting CO2-rich brine (carbonated water) into sandstone cores did not improve oil recovery. However, there was an improvement in oil recovery as a result of carbonated water injection in carbonate cores, which also displayed significant plugging during the experiment. There was also a noticeable improvement in oil recovery in the case of DEE-rich brine, but without any plugging issues. Mutual solvents dissolved in oil, swelled oil, and decreased oil viscosity which mobilized the oil. The experimental work was corroborated with numerical modeling to reproduce the results of both the solvents. Although the simulator is capable of handling rock–fluid interactions, such as mineral dissolution, the exact nature of the grain mobilization and pore-throat plugging was not incorporated in the numerical model. As a result, the simulator was unable to fully mimic the experimental observations of carbonated water floods. In contrast, since there was no apparent nor significant rock-fluid interaction in the DEE-rich brine case, it was successfully matched by the simulator.
Characterizing and decomposing the neural correlates of individual differences in reading ability among adolescents with task-based fMRI

Abstract To better characterize the neural correlates of the full spectrum of reading ability, this fMRI study examined how variations in reading ability correlate with task-based brain activity during reading among a large community sample of adolescents (N = 234). In addition, complimentary approaches taking advantage of empirical as well as independent meta-analytic information were employed to isolate neural substrates of domain-general executive processes that are predictive of reading ability. Age-related differences in brain activity were also examined. Better reading was associated with increased activation in left anterior and inferior temporal regions and parts of orbitofrontal cortex, along with reduced activation in the thalamus and left frontal eye field (FEF). Converging evidence suggests that FEF activity corresponds to executive processes during reading. In contrast, activity in temporal regions is likely to reflect cognitive processes specific to reading. Older adolescents also demonstrated increased activation in an orbitofrontal region that overlaps with the aforementioned age-independent, reading-related regions, along with reduced activity in parietal and occipital regions. These results suggest that comparedto poor readers, proficient readers benefit from efficient reading-specific processes and require less executive effort, implemented via the FEF, during a reading comprehension task.
Efficacy of a mentor academy program: a case study

ABSTRACTThe purpose of our study was to report the long-term impact or training efficacy of mentor training from the perspective of mentees at a single institution. Twelve mentees representing seve...
Optimum power analysis of a self-reactive wave energy point absorber with mechanically-driven power take-offs

Abstract This paper studies a self-reactive ocean wave energy converter (WEC) where energy is absorbed through the relative motion between a floating buoy on the ocean surface and a submerged body. Two types of direct-drive power take off (PTO) systems are examined. One adopts a ball screw system in inverse driving mode with mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) that converts the oscillating bi-directional input heave motion into unidirectional rotation to drive an electromagnetic generator, and another one uses a ball screw system to directly drive the generator (called non-MMR). Dynamic models for both types of PTOs are established and integrated with the overall WEC system model in both the time and frequency domains. Numerical simulation is used to investigate the dynamic performance of both PTOs. The influences of the PTO inerter, which is from the rotational inertia of the flywheel and generator, and the WEC drag damping coefficient are discussed and explored. The analytical closed-form solution for the optimum condition of the non-MMR system is derived based on the criterion of maximum power absorption, and numerical simulation yields the optimum condition for the MMR system. The results under regular and irregular waves show that the PTO inerter in the MMR system can improve the power absorption for small wave periods and maintain the same performance for large wave periods. The PTO inerter in the non-MMR system shifts the peak frequency. The WEC drag damping negatively influences the power absorption in both PTO systems, especially at large wave periods.
Show Don’t Tell: Diversity Dishonesty Harms Racial/Ethnic Minorities at Work:

Organizations aim to convey that they are diverse and inclusive, in part, to recruit racial minorities. We investigate a previously unexamined downside of this recruitment strategy: diversity dishonesty, that is, belief that an organization is falsely or incorrectly inflating its actual diversity. In four studies (total N = 871), we found that diversity dishonesty heightened minorities' concerns about fitting in, being authentic, and performing well at the organization. We also found that evidence-based cues (which "show" observers whether the organization has a positive or negative diversity climate), but not expressed cues (which "tell" observers about the organization's diversity), affect these expectations. Using correlational methodologies, Study 1 found these effects were pertinent to African American and Latinx participants' beliefs about their current workplaces, holding other diversity-related measures constant. Studies 2 to 4 used experimental methods to replicate these findings with African American participants, using a hypothetical workplace setting.
Medical Perspectives on Human Trafficking in Adolescent Sex Trafficking: A Review

Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) refers to sex trafficking of minors under the age of 18 and involves engagement in any sexual act in exchange for anything of value, irrespective of force, fraud, or coercion. Force, fraud, or coercion do not have to exist or be proven to consider transactional sexual acts with minors as CSEC. This chapter focuses on the characteristics of CSEC and the medical care for young people who have been trafficked for sex.
False-Negative Rate of Direct Immunofluorescence on Lower Extremities in Bullous Pemphigoid.

ABSTRACT Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disorder of the skin. It is typified by tense blisters with a subepidermal split and mixed dermal inflammatory infiltrate on histology. Biopsy of the perilesional skin for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) has become the gold standard in the diagnosis of BP. Currently there is a pervasive clinical opinion that the lower extremity is a site with a high false-negative rate (FNR) for DIF in the diagnosis of BP. This notion is primarily based on 2 early studies from the 1980s without more recent confirmatory studies. To readdress this question regarding the lower extremities, a retrospective study from 2012 to 2018 was performed in our institution that evaluated the FNR of DIF by an anatomical site in the diagnosis of BP. Cases of BP were identified using standard criteria (clinical and histological data reviewed in cases with negative DIF), and overall, 79 patients were included in the study. A total of 4 false-negative DIF biopsies were verified. Two negative DIF were from the lower extremity yielding a FNR of 10% compared with 4% on the trunk and 3% from the upper extremity, with no statistically significant difference by anatomical sites. Our study fails to demonstrate a high FNR of DIF from the lower extremity in the diagnosis of BP.
Corrigendum: Towards highly efficient thin-film solar cells with a graded-bandgap CZTSSe layer (2020 J. Phys. Energy 2 025004)

Typographical errors in our recently published paper (Ahmad et al. 2020 J. Phys.: Energy 2 025004) are corrected.
Orange Juice Consumers Response to the Covid-19 Outbreak

This 4-page fact sheet written by Yan Heng, Marisa Zansler, and Lisa House and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department presents consumers’ responses to a monthly survey and provides a look at those consumers who have contributed to a surge in orange juice sales since April. It is intended to help the industry understand the possible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and develop marketing plans to sustain orange juice purchases beyond the short run.
Synthesis and characterization of plasmonic peptoid nanosheets

Solvated two-dimensional (2D) arrays of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are versatile plasmonic materials that are not limited by the constraints of a solid support. We report here the assembly of AuNP-embedded peptoid nanosheets via monolayer collapse at the liquid–liquid interface. This synthesis route produces a new class of solvated 2D plasmonic arrays and has the potential to be extended to a variety of different nanoparticle systems.
African Diaspora Foodways in Social and Cultural Context

African diaspora foodways stand at a crossroads between necessity and expression, biology and culture, sustenance and pleasure. Eating is a biological imperative. But foods are also deeply imbued w...
A Quantitative Analysis of Oklahoma Commutations Prior to Mcgirt v. Oklahoma

In Oklahoma, incarceration rates represent near highest rates nationally. Which influences drive this statistic? Solely criminality? Perhaps political stonewalling? Commutation is a small, powerful procedural variable in criminal justice. In attempting to understand the flow of the commutation process, applicant demographics were analyzed using statistical techniques. The results bear out a strong correlation between recidivism and referral of recommendations for commutation to the governor. Parole board behaviors may underscore larger penological or criminological problems. Perhaps, through further studies such as this, there can begin alleviation of current and future problems in correctional and public policy, particularly as relates to adopting evidence-based approaches in commutation considerations in the post-McGirt era.
The Migration Journey: The Ethiopian Jewish Exodus

Between 1977 and 1985, some 20,000 Ethiopian Jews left their homes in Ethiopia and embarked on a secret and highly traumatic exodus to Israel. Due to various political circumstances they had to leave their homes in haste, go a long way on foot through unknown country, and stay for a period of one or two years in refugee camps, until they were brought to Israel. The difficult conditions of the journey included racial tensions, attacks by bandits, night travel over mountains, incarceration, illness, and death. A fifth of the group did not survive the journey.
Affiliation-Hiding Envelope and Authentication Schemes with Efficient Support for Multiple Credentials

We present an efficient implementation of affiliation-hiding envelope and authentication schemes. An envelope scheme enables secure message transmission between two parties s.t. the message can be decrypted only by a receiver who holds a credential from (i.e. is affiliated with) an entity specified by the sender's authorization policy. An envelope scheme is affiliation-hiding if it hides the receiver's affiliation, and if the sender's policy is revealed only to receivers who satisfy it. Similarly, an authentication scheme is affiliation-hiding if it reveals information about affiliations and the authentication policy of a participating party only to counterparties that satisfy this policy. The novelty of our affiliation-hiding envelope scheme is that it remains practical in the multi-affiliation settingwithout relying on groups with bilinear maps. Namely, it requires O(n) modular exponentiations and communicates O(n) group elements, even if each party has ncredentials, and each party's authentication policy specifies nadmissible affiliations. Moreover, our affiliation-hiding envelope is chosen-ciphertext secure, which leads to a provably secure affiliation-hiding authentication scheme with same O(n) efficiency in the multi-affiliation setting.
Inducible Uptake System for β-Carboxy-cis, cis-muconate in a Permeability Mutant of Pseudomonas putida

A procedure for the large-scale enzymatic synthesis of β-carboxymuconate is described. When used as a growth substrate, β-carboxymuconate selected for mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida that were permeable to polycarboxylic acid intermediates of the β-ketoadipate pathway. One mutant organism, strain PRS2110, was investigated in detail. It differed from the parental strain in that it possessed a β-carboxymuconate uptake system that was formed when the compound was supplied exogenously to the cells. The uptake system was not induced by β-carboxymuconate supplied endogenously during growth with p -hydroxybenzoate. These observations suggested that β-carboxymuconate was contained within a physical compartment of enzymes during growth with p -hydroxybenzoate. Support for this hypothesis came from the demonstration that enzymes of the β-ketoadipate pathway were held together by weak chemical interactions during the chromatography of crude extracts of benzoategrown P. putida on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose columns.
Large CDMA random access systems with exploitation of retransmission diversity

This paper considers a large CDMA random access system where a number of users randomly access a basestation through a common CDMA channel. The number of users and spreading gain tend to infinity with their ratio convergent to a constant. An approach is proposed to exploitation of retransmission diversity. Performance of three systems is analyzed: (i) random spreading with exploitation of retransmission diversity; (ii) randomly selected but fixed spreading for each packet with exploitation of retransmission diversity; and (iii) random spreading without exploitation of retransmission diversity. Lower bounds on the limit SIRs of the first two systems and the exact limit SIR of the third system are obtained. User throughput, packet delay, transmission time, and waiting time as well as spectral efficiency in the limit system are obtained as functions of medium access control (MAC). The analytical results are confirmed by simulations. It is shown that out of many system settings, (i) is the most favorable in terms of maximization of spectral efficiency and simplicity of MAC.
Comparative Testing of Slurry Monitors

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has millions of gallons of radioactive liquid and sludge wastes stored in underground tanks. These wastes must be retrieved, transferred to treatment facilities, and processed for disposal. Before removal from the storage tanks, the sludge and liquid wastes will typically be combined to create a mixture of suspended solids, generally referred to as a slurry; the slurry is then pumped from the tank to the treatment facilities by pipelines. Depending on the location of the tank and the treatment facility, the slurries may have to be transported several miles. Since the wastes are radioactive, it is critically important that the slurries are transported safely and successfully.
Design, Development, and Automated Verification of an Integrity-Protected Hypervisor

Abstract : Hypervisors are a popular mechanism for implementing software virtualization. Since hypervisors execute at a very high privilege level, they must be secure. A fundamental security property of a hypervisor is memory integrity -- the hypervisor's memory must not be modified by software running at a lower privilege level. In this paper, we present a methodology -- called DRIVE -- for designing developing, and verifying hypervisors to ensure memory integrity. DRIVE combines the power of architectural constraints (captured by a set of system properties and verification conditions) with that of formal analysis (used to discharge the verification conditions). We prove that any hypervisor satisfying the DRIVE properties and verification conditions has memory integrity. We validate DRIVE by using it to develop a hypervisor called XMHF for multi-core systems. In particular, we show how to ensure the DRIVE properties in XMHF by combining hardware virtualization support with design and development decisions. We also show how to discharge the DRIVE verification conditions on XMHF using the CBMC model checker. CBMC verified XMHF's implementation -- about 4700 lines of C code -- in about 80 seconds using less than 2GB of RAM.
Should We Screen for Familial Intracranial Aneurysm

To the Editor: I read with interest the analysis of Crawley et al1 regarding screening for familial aneurysms. This mathematical modeling concluded that screening is not an effective way of reducing morbidity and mortality from ruptured intracranial aneurysms in individuals with a history of more than one affected first-degree relative with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. I take exception to this paper on one very important account, namely, the authors’ assumption of surgical morbidity for the clipping of intracranial aneurysms. They used a figure of 8.0% for the risk of morbidity that resulted in death or dependence in everyday living from surgery on unruptured aneurysms. They state that this figure was taken from a meta-analysis published in 1998 by Raaymakers et al.2 The study of Raaymakers et al shows that for patients with non-giant anterior circulation aneurysms, the mortality rate was only 0.8% and morbidity was only 1.9%. It was the patients with giant posterior circulation aneurysms who had a mortality rate of 9.6% and a morbidity of 37.9% that skewed the overall figures to the 8% number used by Crawley et al in this study. Statistically, between 92% and 95% of aneurysms identified by routine screening methods will be non-giant anterior circulation aneurysms. The vast majority of the other 5% to 8% of aneurysms will be non-giant posterior circulation aneurysms. The …
The effect of interferon-γ on genetic immunization

Abstract The effect of co-inoculation of a plasmid vector expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein and an additional vector encoding mouse interferon (IFN)-γ on the development of an antigen specific B and T helper cell response was tested upon intramuscular inoculation of mice. The effect of IFN-γ was dependent on the promoter driving expression of the viral antigen. The immune responses to antigen-expressing vector carrying a viral promoter such as the SV40 early promoter or the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I promoter were reduced in presence of IFN-γ while the B and T helper cell response to a vector expressing the antigen under the control of the MHC class II promoter was not affected by this cytokine.
Effects of Pronoun Type and Gender Role Consistency on Children's Recall and Interpretation of Stories.

The pronouns he, she, and they were compared with he and she alternating, to examine recall and gender interpretation of stories. Participants, who were ethnically diverse, were 48 girls and boys aged 6 and 9 from working-class and middle-class areas of San Antonio. Children read stories about imaginary characters of ambiguous gender referred to by varying pronouns and enjoying either stereotypically masculine, feminine, or neutral activities. Recall was higher for girls, older children, and children who heard stories containing she instead of he. Six-year-olds, but not 9-year-olds, recalled more information from stories containing gender-consistent activities. Interpretation of character gender for he, she, and he/she alternating was based largely on pronoun; for stories using they, it was based both on pronoun and activity. The results underscore the nongeneric nature of generic pronouns and the gender differences in recall and interpretation evoked by contact with gender specific reading material.
The Optical Polarization of QSOs

Recent optical polarization studies indicate that there are two distinct types of QSOs — “normal” QSOs with P ≲ 1%, and highly polarized QSOs (HPQs) with P > 3%. The HPQs are very similar to BL Lac objects, yet still share some properties of normal QSO’s (e.g. strong emission lines). Our results generally support the relativistic beaming model for QSOs; however, certain key predictions of this model are not observed.
Yale University Investments Office: February 2011

David Swensen and the Investments Office staff must decide whether to continue to allocate the bulk of the university's endowment to illiquid investments-hedge funds, private equity, real estate-given the impact of the recent market turmoil. The case explores the risks and benefits of a different asset allocation strategy and also considers how to classify some of the different assets. It highlights the issues around allocations across different subclasses, e.g., between venture capital, hedge funds, and real assets.Learning Objective: To introduce students to asset allocation anti fund choice from an LP's perspective.
Monitoring of immiscible contaminants in the vadose zone

The monitoring of nonaqueous-phase fluids in the unsaturated zone can be accomplished with tensiometers or suction lysimeters if care is taken before the instrumentation is installed. In this instance, the porous materialused to monitor fluid pressure, or to sample a fluid, should be prewetted with the fluid of interest. Experiments with three-phase fluid flow of immiscible fluids in a porous medium have shown that there is a small window of fluid contents at which all three fluids are mobile. With this in mind, monitoring/sampling of each phase was accomplished for various liquid contents for each of the liquids. More often than not, though, liquid sampling is preferential towards the wetting fluid. For petroleum hydrocarbons, water, and air in porous media and in porous ceramic cups, the dominant wetting fluid has been found to be water.
TGF‐β in the Immune Response

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a highly evolutionally conserved cytokine that is critical for embryogenesis, cancer and matrix formation and immune responses. Three distinct isoforms, TGF-β1, 2 and 3, are found in mammals. TGF-β is secreted by immune and nonhematopoietic cells and acts on virtually all cell types through ubiquitously expressed receptors, which transduce the TGF-β signal through canonical Smad-dependent pathway and noncanonical Smad-independent pathways. In particular, TGF-β plays a crucial role in immune tolerance and maintains immune homeostasis by inhibiting proliferation, differentiation, activation and effector function of immune cells. On the other side of the coin, TGF-β can display proinflammatory properties, depending on the context. The more complete understanding of the various functions of TGF-β in the immune system, especially in tolerance, will enable us to design more specific and effective therapies for immune disorders. Key Concepts TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine that mainly suppresses immune responses to maintain immune homeostasis. TGF-β signalling is transduced via not only its unique protein, Smad, but also via Smad-independent pathways. T cells are the major targets of TGF-β in immune system and its activation/proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation are regulated by TGF-β. TGF-β is a key mediator for the regulation of autoimmune diseases. Keywords: TGF-β; immune tolerance; autoimmune disease; helper T cell differentiation; regulatory T cell
Interventional Program in Nosocomial Pneumonia Associated to Depressed Consciousness in a Chilean Teaching Hospital, 7-Year Follow-Up

Abstract ISSUE: Pneumonia associated to depressed consciousness (NADC) is an important problem in large hospitals. In our hospital it accounts for 21% of the reported pneumonia with a crude mortality of 26.7%, 18.1 extra days stay (observed mainly at internal medicine and neurosurgery departments). The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of an interventional program in decreasing the rate of NADC. PROJECT: In the period 1996–2002 an interventional program in NADC was instituted. It was based in two strategies: 1) inform regularly to internal medicine and neurosurgery department staff the rates of NADC, and 2) an educational program and evaluation of CDC/HICPAC–recommended practices (position patient upright at 300-450, aspiration of secretions, and verified placement of enteral feeding tube), and feedback of results. Surveillance was done by infection control nurses according to local definitions, and rates were calculated by patient day. RESULTS: In neurosurgery, the rate of NADC during 1996–1999 was 2.0 cases/1000 patients days. This was reduced in the period 2000–2002 to 1.3 (OR 0.65, IC 0.45–0.93, p=0.016). In internal medicine, the rate during 1996–1999 was 0.37 cases/1000 patients days. This was reduced during 2000–2002 to 0.07 (OR 0.19, IC 0.07–0.55, p=0.0012) LESSONS LEARNED: With an evidence-based interventional program, it is possible to reduce NADC rates, prevent deaths, and decrease costs.