cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theatre on the Brink of 2000: Shifting Paradigms

When I accepted the invitation to address this World Congress and first devised my title, I was drawing on a strong conviction that as we approach the century's end, we are living through a period of profound local and global changes which touch every level of our intellectual and emotional lives. The location of this present moment of our inquiries, poised between the markers of termination and origin, the end and the beginning, the twentieth and the twenty first centuries, seemed to me a powerful and widely understandable trope for our shared contemporary situation, at this conference and in our respective countries. But of course, this is a World Congress, and not for all the cultures of the world is this trope of brinkmanship immediately compelling. Assuming the Roman calendar without initial reflection, I have performed in my title one of the very acts which I planned to criticize: I have assumed in language, imagination, and sociality a centredness and primacy for Western discourse which I no longer believe or support. Indeed, the major important revision of the theoretical, historical, and critical apparatus of our time has been to de centre such governing assumptions. The title, then, marks the limits and difficulties of moving beyond historically inherited and inscribed paradigms, even as I struggle to do so, and I offer this revision of the assumptions of this piece: while for many of us, this talk of the millennium may provide a meaningful context for inquiry, for others it may be perceived as a foreign and local concept, in need of translation.
The stratigraphic and climatic significance of Paleogene alluvial paleosols in synorogenic strata of the Denver Basin, Colorado

Paleogene strata in the Denver Basin contain an interval about 10 m thick and distinguished by bright red, purple, and yellow-brown colors. The bright-colored interval has been regarded as a paleosol marking an unconformity in the stratigraphic record. The interval consists of mudrocks that show morphologic features indicating ancient soil development. The mudrocks showing paleosol modification are interbedded with coarser-grained deposits that show little, if any, paleosol development. Thus, the interval can be subdivided into a series of vertically stacked alluvial paleosols indicating that pedogenesis was coeval with deposition of the parent material. This interpretation contrasts with that of workers who have considered the paleosol interval to represent a long-lived (millions of years) episode of landscape stability. Three kinds of paleosols are recognized based on the color of the B horizon: red, purple/red, and purple paleosols. Reddening of the B horizon was an important process in developing the paleosols and indicates that the paleosols formed under moderately well-drained and oxidizing conditions in a warm temperate to subtropical climate. The bright red and purple paleosol intervals directly overlie strata dominated by gray colors and organic-rich deposits. The transition in lithology suggests a change in soil drainage conditions possibly caused by a climate change. A similar lithologic change characterizes continental strata in other sedimentary basins in the Rocky Mountain region. The transition is best known in the Bighorn Basin, where it has been attributed to a combination of local tectonic controls and a global climate change that took place from late Paleocene to early Eocene time. We speculate that the lithologic change in the Denver Basin corresponds to that found in the Bighorn Basin and other basins in the Rocky Mountain region. Thus, development of the paleosol intervals in the Denver Basin may have been caused primarily by a global change to a warmer and drier climate and may have taken place at or about the Paleocene–Eocene boundary.
Salinity and Irrigation Method Affect Mineral Ion Relations of Soybean

Abstract Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] is moderately salt tolerant, but the method of irrigation used for crop production under saline conditions may influence the uptake and distribution of potentially toxic salts. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of application of saline waters by different methods, namely, drip and above‐canopy sprinkler irrigation, on the ion relations of soybean cultivar “Manokin”. Salinity was imposed by adding NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 by weight) to nonsaline irrigation waters. Saline treatments with electrical conductivity (EC i ) of 4 dS m−1 were compared with nonsaline controls (EC i = 0.5 dS m−1). Ion concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and when present, pods were determined at four stages of growth: vegetative, flowering, podding, and grain filling. Both Na+ and Cl− were excluded from the Manokin leaves and stems when plants were drip‐irrigated and the uptake of these ions occurred solely via the root pathway. However, when saline water was applied by...
Acute hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia: a new presentation of disseminated mycobacterial infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

We describe 2 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with acute or subacute splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia secondary to disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). The patients were treated for immune thrombocytopenic purpura without success. Thrombocytopenia may be a prominent feature of MAC. Our experience suggests that disseminated MAC may present with acute splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia in these patients and that a high index of suspicion for disseminated tuberculosis is indispensable in order to avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment in patients presenting with rapidly progressive splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia.
How interactive artifacts "change" over time: a visual analysis

Not only are people or contexts subject to change in the trajectory of artifact use, many interactive products or systems themselves also change over time. Joining the trend of longitudinal studies of user experience with cognitive, behavioral, social or historical perspectives, we propose an artifact-centered temporal approach for analyzing interactive artifacts over time. In this paper we introduce one way to analyze an interaction from a temporal perspective, and how to represent changes over time in a visual way. We present a form of visual diagrams focusing on temporal changes of functions, interfaces and goals. Examples of these diagrams are developed and discussed. We reflect on the use of visual analysis as a tool for developing a better understanding of artifacts and their use over time, and discuss the limitation, advantage, and implications of the proposed visual analysis method. We conclude with the call that, when imagining future use of interactive systems, designers can gain valuable insights by methodologically examine how interactive artifacts change over time.
Localization Precision of Three-Dimensional Superresolution Fluorescence Imaging Using a Double-Helix Point Spread Function

We localize a diffraction-limited fluorescent bead to 10-20 nm in three dimensions using a double-helix point spread function and use this method to track a fluorescently tagged protein in three dimensions within a live cell.
Incompatibilities of professional and religious ideology: Problems of medical management and outcome in a case of pediatric meningitis

Abstract The hospital admission of a 9-month-old black child for treatment of possible meningitis began a 3 1 2 -month encounter of divergent ideologies between the family (devout members of a Holiness Church) on one hand and orthodox health practitioners on the other. These contrasting beliefs led to increasing estrangement among those who had “natural” and/or “legal” sanction to work in the best interests of the child. The struggle ended with a psychiatric evaluation of the mother as “paranoid schizophrenic”. This paper describes the medical and social history as seen through the eyes of the medical team and social worker. It suggests that their interpretation of the situation was influenced by certain values central to the culture of which the orthodox medical system is a part, as well as by others which were learned during medical training. The religious beliefs of the mother are utilized to explain her behavior during the acute stage of the child's illness. Finally, an approach is offered which, in a future situation of like nature, might lead to better communication and greater understanding on the part of both family and medical team.
Peru and the United States: The Condor and the Eagle

While it may appear that the United States and Peru share little more than a hemisphere, Lawrence A. Clayton reveals a long history of interactions between the two countries. In tracking their relations since the early nineteenth century, he tells how each influenced the other and addresses not only political and economic issues but also the social and cultural factors that helped shape relations. Taking a long historical view, Clayton tells of major players like railroad entrepreneur Henry Meiggs and industrialist William Grace; of the role of American firms like Cerro de Pasco and International Petroleum; and of the height of American influence in the 1920s under the leadership of Peruvian president Augusto B. Leguia. In addition, he describes how the War of the Pacific with Chile affected Peru's march toward modernization, and assesses the legacy of the Peruvian Institutional Revolution of 1968. He also covers such contemporary topics as the cocaine trade, the Shining Path guerrilla movement, and President Alberto Fujimori's economic programs, helping readers realize the depth--and future--of Peruvian-U.S. relations."
A relationship between impact sensitivity and the electrostatic potentials at the midpoints of CNO2 bonds in nitroaromatics

Abstract We have modified and extended an earlier relationship between nitroaromatic impact sensitivity and electrostatic potentials at the midpoints of CNO 2 bonds. Because of the anomalous effect of the hydroxyl group on nitroaromatic sensitivities, possibly due to the formation of unstable nitronic acid tautomers, hydroxynitroaromatics have been excluded from the plotted data set. Our results suggest that the instability of an individual CNO 2 linkage may be a key factor in initiating decomposition induced by impact.
Optimum FIR and IIR multistage multirate filter design

A theorem is introduced which is useful in deriving equivalent multirate filter structures. Frequency responses of multistage multirate filters are derived and defined by deriving their equivalent one-stage filters. A design principle is proposed to reduce filtering requirements at each stage and move the filter operations to low-sampling-rate stages and thus result in a lower arithmetic rate. Optimum FIR and IIR multistage multirate filter designs are developed based on this principle. The new design has a one-point passband specification for each decimator and/or interpolator stage resulting in a wider transition region and lower filter order. Examples are given to explain the design procedure, and comparisons are made to show the superiority of the new filters.
Advanced Fission and Fossil Plant Economics-Implications for Fusion

In order for fusion energy to be a viable option for electric power generation, it must either directly compete with future alternatives or serve as a reasonable backup if the alternatives become unacceptable. This paper discusses projected costs for the most likely competitors with fusion power for base-load electric capacity and what these costs imply for fusion economics. The competitors examined include advanced nuclear fission and advanced fossil-fired plants. The projected costs and their basis are discussed. The estimates for these technologies are compared with cost estimates for magnetic and inertial confinement fusion plants. The conclusion of the analysis is that fusion faces formidable economic competition. Although the cost level for fusion appears greater than that for fission or fossil, the costs are not so high as to preclude fusion`s potential competitiveness.
A characterization of metric spheres in hyperbolic space by Morse theory

0. Introduction. Let M be a differentiable manifold of class C°°. By a Morse function / on M, we mean a differentiable function / on M having only non-degenerate critical points. A well-known topological result of Reeb states that if M* is compact and there is a Morse function / on M having exactly 2 critical points, then M is homeomorphic to an ?^-sphere, S (see, for example, [3], p. 25). In a recent paper, [4], Nomizu and Rodriguez found a geometric characterization of a Euclidean ^-sphere SaR in terms of the critical point behavior of a certain class of functions Lp, p e R , on M. In that case, if p e R, x e M, then Lp(x) = (d(x, p))\ where d is the Euclidean distance function. Nomizu and Rodriguez proved that if M {n ^ 2) is a connected, complete Riemannian manifold isometrically immersed in R such that every Morse function of the form Lp, p e R , has index 0 or n at any of its critical points, then M is embedded as a Euclidean subspace, R, or a Euclidean ^-sphere, S. This result includes the following: if M is compact such that every Morse function of the form Lp has exactly 2 critical points, then M = S. In this paper, we prove results analogous to those of Nomizu and Rodriguez for a submanifold M of hyperbolic space, H, the spaceform of constant sectional curvature —1. For p € H, x e M, we define the function Lp(x) to be the distance in H from p to x. We then define the concept of a focal point of (M, x) and prove an Index Theorem for Lp which states that the index of Lp at a non-degenerate critical point x is equal to the number of focal points of {M, x) on the geodesic in H from x to p. In section 2, we prove that a metric sphere S c H can be characterized by the condition that every Morse function of the form Lp, p e H, has exactly 2 critical points. In section 3, we give an example which shows that a result analo-
Heat and mass transfer analysis and modeling in unsaturated ground soils for buried tube systems

Abstract The performance of a single pipe carrying warm fluid buried in a medium wet sand is described in this paper. A finite element model is used to analyze the heat and moisture movement in a pipe-soil cross-section perpendicular to pipe length. System variables included are: pipe diameter, initial soil moisture concentration and temperature, and fluid-tube interface temperature. The time varying soil moisture concentrations and temperatures are graphically presented. Soil moisture profiles evolve at a slower rate than the temperature distribution functions. For fluid-tube interface temperature of 32°C and initial soil moisture concentration of 30%, moisture in pipe velocity will fall below 25% after 48 h.
Social disorganization perceptions, fear of gang crime, and behavioral precautions among Whites, Latinos, and Vietnamese

Gangs were an important media and policy topic during the 1990s, but few studies focused on fear of gangs specifically. Even fewer studies examined ethnic differences in perceptions of community problems, fear, and behavioral precautions due to gangs. Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) techniques, this article examines differences among Whites, Latinos, and Vietnamese in perceptions of community disorder and diversity, perceived risk and fear of gang crime, and resulting behavioral precautions. Results indicated that Vietnamese were most concerned about community problems and felt most at risk and afraid of gang crimes. Latinos also felt more concerned and more at risk and afraid than Whites did. Most people in all three groups practiced avoidance behaviors to avoid gang crime, but few turned to weapons for protection. Results confirmed that minorities were more afraid and point to the importance of focusing limited policy resources on populations most affected by gangs.
Cut Well, Sew Well, Do Well?

Although its origin is uncertain, the expression “cut well, sew well, do well” is known by most physicians and is probably known by every surgeon who received training in this century. It endorses principles espoused by Dr. William Halsted at the end of the 19th century that stressed that gentle handling of tissue, precise dissection, and exact tissue approximation are required to bring about a patient's best recovery. These principles are taught during residency training with the expectation that sufficient skill, knowledge, and judgment will be obtained and any inherent differences in ability among surgeons ultimately will be normalized.1 Even . . .
Carcinoembryonic antigen regulation in human colorectal tumor cells by a site-selective cyclic amp analogue: A comparison with interferon-gamma

Treatment of human colorectal tumor cells (LS174T, HT-29, and WiDr) with analogues of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (dibutyryl-cAMP and 8-Cl-cAMP) selectively enhances the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Dose and temporal kinetics results revealed that 8-Cl-cAMP was approximately 100-fold more potent than dibutyryl-cAMP for increasing CEA expression. Results demonstrated that 8-Cl-cAMP treatment of LS174T quantitatively increased CEA levels in cell extracts 2-fold, increased anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) binding to the tumor cell surface, and induced the appearance of CEA-related mRNA transcripts. The findings suggest that 8-Cl-cAMP is capable of regulating CEA expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels. Other human tumor cells, as well as normal cell types which do not constitutively express CEA, remained CEA-negative following 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. Moreover, the level of expression of other human tumor antigens as well as antigens of the major histocompatibility complex were not changed by 8-Cl-cAMP treatment, suggesting some selectivity for CEA regulation by this cAMP analogue. In vivo administration of 8-Cl-cAMP to athymic mice bearing LS174T tumor xenografts increased the amount of anti-CEA MAb bound to tumor extracts as well as the tumor localization of a radionuclide-conjugated anti-CEA MAb. The results indicate that 8-Cl-cAMP can selectively upregulate CEA expression on human colorectal tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, IFN-gamma treatment of the LS174T cells fails to enhance or induce expression of CEA or any of the histocompatibility leukocyte antigens. Thus, 8-Cl-cAMP treatment regulates CEA expression through another cellular pathway which may involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Commentary: Thoracolumbar spine fractures: is more knowledge better?

COMMENTARY ON Verlaan J-J, Dhert WJA, Oner FC. Intervertebral disc viability after burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine treated with pedicle screw fixation and direct end-plate restoration. Spine J 2013;13:217–21 ( in this issue ).
IS U.S. GROWTH UNDERSTATED BECAUSE OF THE UNDERGROUND ECONOMY? EMPLOYMENT RATIOS SUGGEST NOT

Has the underground economy caused the increase in United States GNP in recent years to be understated relative to earlier periods? The ratio of employment to population provides powerful evidence that it has not. This ratio’ was as high in the middle 1970s as in previous periods and in 1978–80 rose to its highest level of the postwar era, suggesting that employment growth has not been understated. Employment series based on both establishment reports and household surveys yield exceptionally high ratios in recent years. This article provides a step-by-step explanation of why employment data are pertinent to the question raised about GNP. This explanation may be summarized as follows. GNP measured as the sum of final products is not understated unless GNP measured as the sum of national income and other charges against GNP is also understated. Appreciable understatement of the growth of charges against GNP as a result of growth of the underground economy is highly unlikely in the absence of understatement of the growth of wages and salaries, because of the way the estimates are made. Understatement of the growth of wages and salaries without understatement of the growth of employment based on establishment reports is highly unlikely because of the way data are collected. The article explains briefly the relationship between income tax evasion and errors in measuring the various components of charges against GNP. It also explains how illegal activities are meant to be handled in GNP measurement.
Boundless restraint: Performance, reparation, and the daily practice of death in the Life of Daniel the Stylite

This article explores how graphic imagery in the Life of Daniel the Stylite constructs a specular regime that operates performatively to convey particular attitudes toward death and the physical body’s integrity and boundaries. Unlike most vitae that traffic in images of pain and suffering, the gruesome fates depicted in this one are reserved not for Daniel, the holy protagonist, but for those who witness him. Triangulating the text of the Life with Patricia Miller’s work on ‘visceral seeing’ and ascetic performance and Melanie Klein’s psychoanalytic conception of subject formation, the essay argues that Daniel’s simultaneously mild and spectacular asceticism shifts the burden of performance onto his viewers and readers, depicting and scripting an imperative that all of Daniel’s audience members effect a reparative position in order to conquer anxieties about death and dissolution. Through a constant shuttling back-and-forth between what Klein would call the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions (as executed by Daniel’s performance), we are best able to see how Daniel’s Life speaks to early Christological debates and concerns over the nature and veneration of icons.
Goal-oriented hp-adaptivity for elliptic problems

We propose and test a fully automatic, goal-oriented hp-adaptive strategy for elliptic problems. The method combines two techniques: the standard goal-oriented adaptivity based on a simultaneous solution of a dual problem, and a recently proposed hp-strategy based on minimizing the projection-based interpolation error of a reference solution. The proposed strategy is illustrated with two numerical examples: Laplace equation in L-shape domain, and an axisymmetric Maxwell problem involving radiation of a loop antenna wrapped around a metallic cylinder into a conductive medium.
Effects of Monensin-Feeding Regimens on Flock Immunity to Coccidiosis

Feed medication with monensin caused delays in development of immunity in two floor-pen experiments which simulated commercial broiler production. Development of immunity was retarded with the higher level of monensin (120 p.p.m.) but was progressively less delayed as the monensin level was decreased (100, 60 or 0 p.p.m.). Delay was greatest with Eimeria tenella, but also occured with intestinal species including E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, and E. necatrix. Drug withdrawal permitted earlier development of immunity. Plans involving use of monensin on layer replacements which later will be maintained on the floor without medication should consider: 1) prevalence of infective oocyst exposure in the area, 2) the lowest possible level of drug required for protection, and 3) its use for the shortest possible period of time.
TEMPORAL CHANGES IN PRETERM VIABILITY BY RACE. † 1520

Improvements in obstetric and neonatal care over the last several decades have lead to a decline in neonatal mortality. This study utilized South Carolina's linked live birth and infant death records from 1975-1992. We analyzed mortality rates at 7 & 28 days by race, gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW). Neonatal mortality rate decreased from 14.9 to 9.1 (deaths per 1,000) for African-Americans (AA) and from 10.2 to 4.3 for Whites (W). The most dramatic decrease was in 7 day mortality (12.4 to 7.3 for AA; 8.8 to 3.3 for W). Neonatal mortality decreased overtime for both races in each GA category, but the decrease was most dramatic at 26-32 wks GA. The limit of viability (< 50% survival) was lowered from 26 wks in 1975 to 24 wks GA in 1992 for W. For AA, the limit of viability was already 24 wks GA in 1975,& did not change over the time period. Neonatal mortality rates are lower for AA than for W up to 32 wks GA, but by 37 wks GA, W have lower neonatal mortality. There were no appreciable temporal changes for either race in rates of preterm delivery or of infants with BW < 2500g, although AA demonstrated an increase in births with BW < 1500 g (from 1.8/1000 in 1975 to 2.5/1000 in 1992). CONCLUSION: This decline in neonatal mortality over an 18 year period, due primarily to a reduction in GA-specific and 7 day mortality, reflects high risk obstetric and neonatal intensive care efforts. Renewed efforts should be made in devising strategies to change the GA/BW distribution toward term, and to maximize the health and developmental outcome of surviving high risk preterm infants.
Cytotoxic effect and induction of sister chromatid exchange in exponentially growing rat 9L gliosarcoma cells after brief exposure to BrdU

The magnitude of DNA modulation in rat 9L gliosarcoma cells after a brief exposure to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was studied by assaying colony-forming efficiency (CFE) and the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) per metaphase. The CFE assay showed that a 1-hr exposure to BrdU, at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 microM, produced a maximum cell kill of 5%. After a 2-hr exposure to 20 microM BrdU, the surviving fraction was 0.99, and even at a BrdU concentration of 1000 microM, 77% of the 9L cells survived. Compared with control cultures, the relative number of SCEs per metaphase in treated cultures was increased after a 1-hr exposure to BrdU at concentrations of 100 microM or more and after a 2-hr exposure to concentrations of 20 microM or more; no increase was observed in cells treated for 30 min with BrdU at concentrations up to 1000 microM. When the treated cells were allowed to grow in BrdU-free growth medium, the number of SCEs per metaphase returned to the control level within 24 hr, even after exposure to BrdU at concentrations as high as 1000 microM. These results demonstrate that exposure to BrdU at concentrations of up to 1000 microM for 30 min, 100 microM for 1 hr, and 20 microM for 2 hr causes little modulation of DNA.
Attentional styles and stress factors of hotel sales/marketing managers

Abstract Paying attention is critical to performance. However, individual attentional styles vary from broad to narrow focus, and from external environment to internal thoughts. Successful performance requires a proper match between attentional style and the performance demands of the situation. This study examines the attentional styles of hotel sales managers and how those styles may relate to key elements of the job.
Neutral transport simulations of gas puff imaging experiments

Visible imaging of gas puffs has been used on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak to characterize edge plasma turbulence, yielding data that can be compared with plasma turbulence codes. Simulations of these experiments with the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo neutral transport code have been carried out to explore the relationship between the plasma fluctuations and the observed light emission. By imposing two-dimensional modulations on the measured time-average plasma density and temperature profiles, we demonstrate that the spatial structure of the emission cloud reflects that of the underlying turbulence. However, the photon emission rate depends on the plasma density and temperature in a complicated way, and no simple scheme for inferring the plasma parameters directly from the light emission patterns is apparent. The simulations indicate that excited atoms generated by molecular dissociation are a significant source of photons, further complicating interpretation of the gas puff imaging results.
Surface Complexation Modeling of Organic Acid Sorption to Goethite.

Abstract Surface complexation modeling was performed using the Generalized Two-Layer Model for a series of low molecular weight organic acids. Sorption of these organic acids to goethite was investigated in a previous study to assess the influence of particular structural features on sorption. Here, the ability to describe the observed sorption behavior for compounds with similar structural features using surface complexation modeling was investigated. A set of surface reactions and equilibrium constants yielding optimal data fits was obtained for each organic acid over a range of total sorbate concentrations. Surface complexation modeling successfully described sorption of a number of the simple organic acids, but an additional hydrophobic component was needed to describe sorption behavior of some compounds with significant hydrophobic character. These compounds exhibited sorption behavior that was inconsistent with ligand exchange mechanisms since sorption did not decrease with increasing total sorbate concentration and/or exceeded surface site saturation. Hydrophobic interactions appeared to be most significant for the compound containing a 5-carbon aliphatic chain. Comparison of optimized equilibrium constants for similar surface species showed that model results were consistent with observed sorption behavior: equilibrium constants were highest for compounds having adjacent carboxylic groups, lower for compounds with adjacent phenolic groups, and lowest for compounds with phenolic groups in the ortho position relative to a carboxylic group. Surface complexation modeling was also performed to fit sorption data for Suwannee River fulvic acid. The data could be described well using reactions and constants similar to those for pyromellitic acid. This four-carboxyl group compound may be useful as a model for fulvic acid with respect to sorption. Other simple organic acids having multiple carboxylic and phenolic functional groups were identified as potential models for humic substances.
Broadening (and narrowing) the scope of brand relationships

Abstract The Attachment–Aversion Relationship Model proposed by Park, Eisingerich, and Park represents the latest in a series of attempts to expand, refine, and validate the increasingly popular concept of brand relationships. We find much value in the effort. We suggest, however, that researchers should avoid indiscriminate use of the term and focus on identifying the unique contribution that the notion of brand relationships can make to theory and practice. We also note how the present model could be expanded to achieve this objective.
ICD-9 Code-Based Venous Thromboembolism Performance Targets Fail to Measure Up.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication among hospitalized patients. Suboptimal prevention practices have prompted payers to consider hospital-associated VTE as a potentially preventable condition for which financial incentives or penalties exist to drive practice improvement. The authors reviewed all cases of hospital-associated VTE at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2011, that were identified by ICD-9 codes used by a state-run pay-for-performance quality improvement program. Of 157 patients identified as having developed hospital-associated, potentially preventable VTE, only 92 (58.6%) patients developed radiographically confirmed VTE that were potentially preventable. This misclassification of VTE overestimates the marginal additional treatment cost by more than $860 000 and amounts to nearly $200 000 in lost reward in one year alone. ICD-9 codes alone have extremely low positive predictive value to identify true VTE events. The authors recommend linking prov...
Seasonal variation in the apparent number of binding sites for 3H-opioid agonists and antagonists

Abstract Throughout the year, a radioreceptor assay was used to investigate the number of binding sites for several opioid ligands in C57BL/6J mouse brain homogenates. The mean number of sites observed for 3 H-morphine and 3 H-dihydromorphine was about one third less than the mean for 3 H-D-ala 2 -met 5 -enkephalinamide, 3 H-naloxone or 3 H-naltrexone. Some seasonal variation was observed in all the opioids studied; the seasonal fluctuation observed in the apparent number of naloxone binding sites was the greatest. These seasonal alterations may play a role in the annual pattern of several physiological processes in which endorphin systems are directly or indirectly involved.
On the calculation of the activation energy for solid state reactions

Abstract A novel and convenient method for the determination of the activation energy from isothermal kinetic runs has been proposed recently. A significant limitation of this method is discussed and is illustrated with an experimental example. A modification of the proposed method is suggested to circumvent this limitation.
Optimal system design with multiple criteria: De Novo programming approach

Abstract Modern production is increasingly characterized by no-waste, no-buffer, just-in-time operations, full utilization of scarce resources, multiple objectives (quality, worker satisfaction, profits, etc.), and continuous flexibility of design and redesign of systems. De Novo programming is intended to pursue these new requirements explicitly. Using practical examples, the difference is demonstrated between “optimizing a given system” and “designing an optimal system”. New concepts of optimality, new ways of resolving Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) conflicts, and new conditions for optimal and continuous system improvement, are called for and proposed.
Smad3–ATF3 signaling mediates TGF-β suppression of genes encoding Phase II detoxifying proteins

This study provides evidence that in mammary epithelial cells the pluripotent cytokine TGF-beta1 repressed expression of multiple genes involved in Phase II detoxification. GCLC, the gene that encodes the catalytic subunit of the enzyme glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of glutathione, was used as a molecular surrogate for investigating the mechanisms by which TGF-beta suppressed Phase II gene expression. TGF-beta was found to suppress luciferase reporter activity mediated by the human GCLC proximal promoter, as well as reporter activity mediated by the GCLC antioxidant response element, ARE4. TGF-beta downregulated expression of endogenous GCLC mRNA and GCLC protein. TGF-beta suppression of the Phase II genes correlated with a decrease in cellular glutathione and an increase in cellular reactive oxygen species. Ectopic expression of constitutively active Smad3E was sufficient to inhibit both reporters in the absence of TGF-beta, whereas dominant negative Smad3A blocked TGF-beta suppression. Smad3E suppressed Nrf2-mediated activation of the GCLC reporter. We demonstrate that TGF-beta increased ATF3 protein levels, as did transient overexpression of Smad3E. Ectopic expression of ATF3 was sufficient to suppress the GCLC reporter activity, as well as endogenous GCLC expression. These results demonstrate that Smad3-ATF3 signaling mediates TGF-beta repression of ARE-dependent Phase II gene expression and potentially provide critical insight into mechanisms underlying TGF-beta1 function in carcinogenesis, tissue repair, and fibrosis.
Non-existence of the 5.51 MeV and 6.10 MeV levels in 13C

Abstract Levels at 5.51 MeV and 6.10 MeV in 13C have previously been reported in the reaction 11B(3He, p)13C at E( 3 He ) = 1.23 MeV . The corresponding proton groups have been found to come from the proton decay of the 9.48 MeV and 10.37 MeV states in 13N, formed by 11B(3He, n)13N, rather than from states in 13C.
Effects of reversing valves on heat pump performance

Abstract Reversing valves affect the performance of a heat pump due to three effects: heat transfer, pressure drop and mass leakage. This paper describes the development of mathematical models based on the steady-state performance of a heat pump. These models can be used to estimate the expected changes in performance due to the presence of a reversing valve. An example is presented showing the effects observed in both heating and cooling modes.
Detection of thrombus formation on intravascular catheters using 125I-fibrinogen

Abstract 125 I-labeled fibrinogen was used to monitor the formation of venous thrombi on the surface of standard Teflon® and experimental acrylic acid-grafted polyethylene catheters in dogs. By using narrow collimation, it was possible to scan both the indwelling catheter and the vein in increments of 1 cm or less. Both 125 I-canine fibrinogen and 125 I-human fibrinogen were used in these studies, with essentially the same results. The test accurately detected thrombi forming on the catheter, and thrombi weighing as little as 1.8 mg (wet weight) were located without difficulty. We believe that the test is useful for screening blood contact materials, and is well suited for use in human subjects.
Techniques of arterial access

Abstract The only absolute indication for the placement of an arterial line is during cardiopulmonary bypass, when the lack of pulsatile blood flow makes the measurement of blood pressure impossible. However, arterial lines are useful whenever beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring or frequent sampling of arterial blood is indicated. This includes situations such as sepsis, shock, hypertensive crisis, respiratory compromise, prolonged ventilator weans, and other conditions where the use of vasoactive drugs is required. Arterial lines may also aid in the assessment of cardiac contractility by examination of the shape of the waveform and upstroke of the tracing, or as a requisite portion of some techniques for the minimally invasive assessment of cardiac output.
Saccheri's Postulate

L'A. etudie la definition du postulat logique de Saccheri stipulant l'existence de plusieurs types de predicats et determine son importance tant du point de vue de la logique aristotelicienne que de la logique moderne. L'A. propose une interpretation internaliste de la methode plus noble de Saccheri, selon laquelle le meme resultat peut etre obtenu sans le postulat
A novel biomarker for the detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Objectives Proliferating cell nuclear antigen is a component of the DNA synthesome and functions in DNA replication and repair. Our group has recently identified an acidic isoform of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen, that appears to be present only in malignant tissue. We sought to determine the presence of cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen in esophageal dysplasias and invasive adenocarcinomas to assess its potential utility in discriminating malignancy. Methods With a polyclonal antibody to cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen, immunohistochemical staining was performed on samples from a total of 30 patients with Barrett esophagus with varying degrees of dysplasia and 18 patients with invasive adenocarcinoma. We also performed cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemical staining on a commercially available tissue microarray and on specimens obtained from endoscopic biopsies. As controls, immunohistochemical staining for cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen was performed on normal esophageal tissue and immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen was performed on all specimens with a commercially available antibody. Results Of the Barrett esophagus specimen, 14 showed no dysplasia, 8 showed low-grade dysplasia, and 8 showed high-grade dysplasia. None of these specimens stained positively for cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Of the 18 adenocarcinoma specimens, all stained positively for cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen. There was no significant cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in normal esophageal tissue, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was noted to a high degree in all tissues. Conclusions Cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen appears to demonstrate high specificity for esophageal adenocarcinoma. This marker therefore may prove useful in differentiating invasive cancer from high-grade dysplasia. Cancer-specific proliferating cell nuclear antigen also holds future promise as a biomarker for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Neighborhood safety and adipose tissue distribution in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.

Objective Patterns of fat distribution are heavily influenced by psychological stress, sex, and among women, by menopause status. Emerging evidence suggests the lack of perceived neighborhood safety due to crime may contribute to psychological stress and obesity among exposed residents. Our objective is to determine if perceived neighborhood safety is associated with abdominal adiposity among African-American men and women, and among pre- and postmenopausal women in the Jackson Heart Study. Design and Methods We examined associations between perceived neighborhood safety, fat distribution, and other individual-level covariates among Jackson Heart Study participants (N = 2,881). Abdominal adiposity was measured via computed tomography scans measuring the volumes of visceral, subcutaneous and total adipose tissue. We also measured body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference. Multivariable regression models estimated associations between perceived neighborhood safety, adiposity, and covariates by sex and menopause status. Results Adjusting for all covariates, women who strongly disagreed their neighborhood was safe from crime had a higher BMI compared to women who felt safe [Std B 0.083 95% CI (0.010, 0.156)]. Premenopausal women who felt most unsafe had higher BMI, waist circumference, and volumes of visceral and total adipose tissue than those who felt safe [Std B 0.160 (0.021, 0.299), Std B 0.142 (0.003, 0.280), Std B 0.150 (0.014, 0.285), Std B 0.154 (0.019, 0.290), respectively]. We did not identify associations between neighborhood safety and adiposity among men and postmenopausal women. Conclusions Our data suggest that abdominal adipose tissue distribution patterns are associated with perceived neighborhood safety in some groups, and that patterns may differ by sex and menopause status, with most associations observed among pre-menopausal women. Further research is needed to elucidate whether there are causal mechanisms underlying sex and menopause-status differences that may mediate associations between perceived safety and abdominal adiposity and potential protective factors that may modify this risk.
Gendered Reminiscence Practices and Self-Definition in Late Adolescence

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the emotional construction of life-threatening events (LTEs) that were chosen as self-defining by late adolescents. European American college students (41 women, 25 men) whose average age was 19 were selected from a larger sample (n = 139) because they reported at least 1 LTE among 3 self-defining memories. Memory narratives were elicited with a questionnaire (Singer & Moffitt, 1991–1992) and coded for emotional position. As expected, tough, action-packed positions were more prevalent in men's narratives, and compassionate positions were more prevalent in women's narratives. Unexpectedly, narratives that emphasized one's own vulnerability (fear or sadness) were equally prevalent for men and women, and women's emotional discourse was more conditional upon type of event, i.e., deaths vs. assaults. Findings provide the most explicit evidence to date that some gendered reminiscence practices found in prior studies of children are reflected in late adolescents' self-defining reminiscences. Implications are also discussed for a more situated understanding of gendered reminiscence pratices and for theories of identity development.
Social-Evaluative Threat and Proinflammatory Cytokine Regulation: An Experimental Laboratory Investigation

This study experimentally tested whether a stressor characterized by social-evaluative threat (SET), a context in which the self can be judged negatively by others, would elicit increases in proinflammatory cytokine activity and alter the regulation of this response. This hypothesis was derived in part from research on immunological responses to social threat in nonhuman animals. Healthy female participants were assigned to perform a speech and a math task in the presence or absence of an evaluative audience (SET or non-SET, respectively). As hypothesized, stimulated production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased from baseline to poststressor in the SET condition, but was unchanged in the non-SET condition. Further, the increases in TNF-α production correlated with participants' cognitive appraisals of being evaluated. Additionally, the ability of glucocorticoids to shut down the inflammatory response was decreased in the SET condition. These findings underscore the i...
The Environmental Health/Home Safety Education Project: a successful and practical U.S.-Mexico border initiative.

The Environmental Health/Home Safety Education Project (Proyecto de Salud Ambiental y Seguridad en el Hogar) has been developed in response to a wide array of severe and often preventable environmental health issues occurring in and around homes on the U.S.—Mexico border. Utilizing well-trained community members, called promotoras , homes are visited and assessed for potential environmental hazards, including home fire and food safety issues. Data analyzed from project years 2002 to 2005 shows a significant impact in knowledge levels and initial behavior change among targeted participants as it relates to fire and food safety issues. Since the initiation of the project in 1999, hundreds of participants have improved their quality of life by making their homes safer. The project has proven to be sustainable, replicable, flexible, and attractive to funders.
Experimental colitis increases blood-brain barrier permeability in rabbits

Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease are numerous. This study examined the effects of two models of acute colitis on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and permeability of the blood-...
CENTRAL MECHANISMS OF TEMPORAL ANALYSIS IN THE KNOLLENORGAN PATHWAY OF MORMYRID ELECTRIC FISH

Mormyrid electric fish communicate using pulse-type electric organ discharges (EODs). The fine temporal structure of the waveforms of EODs varies widely throughout the 200 or more species of mormyrids. These signals carry information about the species, the sex and even the individual identity of the signaller. Behavioral experiments have shown that some species of fish are capable of using this information. Of the four known types of electroreceptors in mormyrid fish, the knollenorgan electroreceptor is the one most likely to be involved in the detection of conspecific EOD signals. Here, we review some recent advances in understanding how the central knollenorgan pathway might be analyzing the temporal structure of the EOD waveform. Fine temporal analysis appears to take place in the nucleus exterolateralis pars anterior (ELa), where tightly phase-locked inputs from the hindbrain drive a direct, excitatory input through a long axonal delay line and also drive an indirect, inhibitory input with negligible delay through the ELa large cell. These two inputs converge on ELa small cells, where they are hypothesized to interact in a ‘delay-line/blanking’ model. This initial temporal analysis is further refined in the nucleus exterolateralis pars posterior, where units tuned to ranges of pulse durations have been identified physiologically. Summary