cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perivascular Myoma of Myofibromatosis and Myopericytoma‐Type Arising in a Chronic Scar: A Case Report

We describe a case of a cutaneous perivascular myoma with features overlapping between the myofibromatosis and the myopericytoma type. The patient is a 58-year-old female with a painless plaque-like and multinodular lesion in the pretibial dermis. She reported repeated trauma to this site, first in her early youth that left an area of hyperpigmentation, and then again at age 40. She had noticed the appearance of nodules in this area 5 years prior to presentation, which had increased in size and number over the last six months. The biopsy showed a biphasic pattern with a myofibromatosis type component composed of spindle cell myoid nodules and more cellular round cell areas. The myopericytoma-like areas appeared to be infiltrating along vessels. These areas contained aggregates of immature cells arranged concentrically around vascular lumina reminiscent of pericytes. Immunohistochemical stains showed focal positivity for smooth muscle actin. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies have shown these pericyte-like cells to be of a myoid origin. The reason for the neoplastic proliferation of perivascular myoid cells is presently unknown. The association of trauma and neoplastic transformation of the skin is rare. We report the first case of a cutaneous perivascular myoma arising in a chronic scar.
Ethical considerations in the recruiting process: A preliminary investigation and identification of research opportunities

Abstract This article is concerned with an examination of a number of moral philosophies and their application to organizational recruiting efforts. Literature from diverse areas, such as ethics, human resources management, and marketing were integrated so as to operationalize the issue of ethics and its application in the recruiting process. Several traditional moral philosophies were considered in the context of the organizational and individual search for germane information in the organizational recruiting process. It is posited that many of the areas which are covered in this work would be fecund areas for future research.
Relationship of Temperature and Time of Initial Feeding of Atlantic Salmon

Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs were incubated according to 13 different seasonally varying temperature profiles from fertilization through initial feeding. The number of days from fertilization to initial feeding (Y) was related to the mean temperature (X) by the predictive equation loge Y = 6.003e (–0.0307X). By dividing 100% (development to initial feeding) by the predicted Y for a given temperature, I prepared a table of daily percent development for a range of temperatures. By maintaining a sum of percent development to date, culturists can track different lots of Atlantic salmon and manipulate water temperatures to accurately achieve a desired date of initial feeding.
Crystallization data mining in structural genomics: using positive and negative results to optimize protein crystallization screens

Recent efforts to collect and mine crystallization data from structural genomics (SG) consortia have led to the identification of minimal screens and novel screening strategies that can be used to streamline the crystallization process. Two groups, the Joint Center for Structural Genomics and the University of Toronto, carried out large-scale crystallization trials on different sets of bacterial targets (539, JCSG and 755, Toronto), using different sample processing and crystallization methods, and then analyzed their results to identify the smallest subset of conditions that would have crystallized the maximum number of protein targets. The JCSG Core Screen contains 67 conditions (from 480) while the Toronto Minimal Screen contains 6 (from 48). While the exact conditions included in the two screens do not overlap, the major precipitants of the conditions are similar and thus both screens can be used to determine if a protein has a natural propensity to crystallize. In addition, studies from other groups including the University of Queensland, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis SG group, the Southeast Collaboratory for SG, and the York Structural Biology Laboratory indicate that alternative crystallization strategies may be more successful at identifying initial crystallization conditions than typical sparse matrix screens. These minimal screens and alternative screening strategies are already being used to optimize the crystallization processes within large SG efforts. The differences between these results, however, demonstrate that additional studies which examine the influence of protein biophysical properties and sample preparation methods on crystal formation must also be carried out before more robust screens can be identified.
Multi-Focused Geospatial Analysis Using Probes

Traditional geospatial information visualizations often present views that restrict the user to a single perspective. When zoomed out, local trends and anomalies become suppressed and lost; when zoomed in for local inspection, spatial awareness and comparison between regions become limited. In our model, coordinated visualizations are integrated within individual probe interfaces, which depict the local data in user-defined regions-of-interest. Our probe concept can be incorporated into a variety of geospatial visualizations to empower users with the ability to observe, coordinate, and compare data across multiple local regions. It is especially useful when dealing with complex simulations or analyses where behavior in various localities differs from other localities and from the system as a whole. We illustrate the effectiveness of our technique over traditional interfaces by incorporating it within three existing geospatial visualization systems: an agent-based social simulation, a census data exploration tool, and an 3D GIS environment for analyzing urban change over time. In each case, the probe-based interaction enhances spatial awareness, improves inspection and comparison capabilities, expands the range of scopes, and facilitates collaboration among multiple users.
Application and removal of polyanionic microbicide compounds enhances subsequent infection by HIV-1

Continued efforts are being directed toward the development of microbicides that will be used to reduce or eliminate the risk of HIV-1 sexual transmission. Unfortunately, clinical trials involving polyanion-containing microbicide formulations, including Carraguard (λ-carrageenan [LC]) and Ushercell (cellulose sulfate [CS]) demonstrated that these products were ineffective and may have, in some circumstances, increased the risk of HIV-1 infection. These findings prompted reassessments of the in vitro activities of these agents to determine whether variables that can affect agent safety and efficacy had been overlooked during preclinical testing. One such variable is product retention and loss following topical application. In the present studies involving an HIV-1-susceptible cell line and primary human immune cells, product loss was mimicked by introducing and then removing polyanionic compounds prior to HIV-1 infection. In these in vitro "washout" experiments, LC and CS significantly enhanced HIV-1 infection, despite potent antiviral activity when introduced simultaneously with the virus. The presence and magnitude of this effect were dependent on compound identity and concentration; target cell; interval between compound removal and virus challenge; and coreceptor usage. Levels of enhancement (relative to controls) were considerable, exceeding a 200% increase (CS) in P4-R5 MAGI cells and a 300% increase (LC) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These studies, which demonstrate significant increases in HIV-1 infection subsequent to application and removal of LC and CS, support plausible explanations for the failures of microbicides formulated from these compounds. Detailed studies are now underway to determine the mechanism responsible for this enhancement effect and to assess the potential contribution of this effect to the clinical failures of these agents.
Capsomer Dynamics and Stabilization in the T = 12 Marine Bacteriophage SIO-2 and Its Procapsid Studied by CryoEM

We report the subnanometer cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) reconstruction of a marine siphovirus, the Vibrio phage SIO-2. This phage is lytic for related Vibrio species with significant ecological importance, including the broadly antagonistic bacterium Vibrio sp. SWAT3. The three-dimensional structure of the 800 A SIO-2, icosahedrally averaged head of the tailed particle revealed a T = 12 quasi-symmetry not previously described in a bacteriophage. Two morphologically distinct types of auxiliary proteins were also identified; one species bound to the surface of hexamers, and the other bound to pentamers. The secondary structure, evident in the electron density, shows that the major capsid protein has the HK97-like fold. The three-dimensional structure of the procapsid form, also presented here, has no "decoration" proteins and reveals a capsomer organization due to the constraints of the T = 12 symmetry.
Screening for hemoglobin variants with abnormal oxygen affinity.

Rai et al. (1) recently described an elegant method for detecting hemoglobin (Hb) variants that cause erythrocytosis, using electrospray mass spectrometry. Many of these variants are not detectable with conventional electrophoretic techniques. The authors also stated that “functional studies of oxygen saturation curves would be the ideal method to screen for Hb variants …
Of Junk Food and Junk Science

The popular press has triumphantly announced that the cause of the obesity epidemic is “junk food.” After a moment’s reflection, however, it seems likely that the true causal structure of the obesity epidemic can be neither single-equation nor univariate. Therefore, while the hypothesis that “junk food” is the cause of obesity has little a priori plausibility, these articles in the popular press present a testable hypothesis that, in spite of some measurement impossibilities, is tested here. While one can always argue about p values etc., it is safe to say that the results show no evidence to indicate support for a causal link. The second section of the paper explains this result and suggests a rudimentary structural model of obesity that begins to address the issues of specification error, simultaneity, etc., that plague much of the obesity research. This model shows that because of the dynamic nature of weight status, there is no necessary reason to expect to find a statistical relation between a person’s observed weight and the amount he or she is currently eating or exercising. Therefore, studies which regress weight, obesity, or the probability of obesity on eating and exercise patterns have serious specification error. Further development of structural econometric models of obesity may lead to consistent estimates of the partial effects of exogenous variables on obesity levels. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for policy development and industry.
Development of a predictive model describing the growth of Listeria Monocytogenes in Kimbab

This study is to develop mathematical models to predict the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in kimbab as a function of storage temperature. Kimbab which was inoculated with L. monocytogenes were incubated at 4, 10, 15, and 30°C. The primary model showed a good fit (R2=0.9845 to 0.9967) to a Gompertz equation to obtain specific growth rates (SGR) and lag time (LT) at each temperature. The SGR of L. monocytogenes in the kimbab increased and LT decreased by increasing temperature. Secondary polynomial model was developed using PRISM general nonlinear analysis software for SGR and LT. The secondary models were 0.1479−(0.02457×Temp)+(0.001296 ×Temp2) for SGR and 312.8−(30.21×Temp)+(0.6654 ×Temp2) for LT. This secondary polynomial model was judged as appropriate based on the coefficient of determination (R2 of the SGR and LT model=0.9995, 0.9556), the bias factor (B f of the SGR and LT model=0.97, 0.94), and the accuracy factor (A f of the SGR and LT model=1.10, 1.68). Reliable predictions of L. monocytogenes SGR and LT in kimbab were based on temperature.
Increasing Plasma Membrane Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)Bisphosphate Biosynthesis Increases Phosphoinositide Metabolism in Nicotiana tabacum

A genetic approach was used to increase phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] biosynthesis and test the hypothesis that PtdInsP kinase (PIPK) is flux limiting in the plant phosphoinositide (PI) pathway. Expressing human PIPKIα in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells increased plasma membrane PtdIns(4,5)P2 100-fold. In vivo studies revealed that the rate of 32Pi incorporation into whole-cell PtdIns(4,5)P2 increased >12-fold, and the ratio of [3H]PtdInsP2 to [3H]PtdInsP increased 6-fold, but PtdInsP levels did not decrease, indicating that PtdInsP biosynthesis was not limiting. Both [3H]inositol trisphosphate and [3H]inositol hexakisphosphate increased 3-and 1.5-fold, respectively, in the transgenic lines after 18 h of labeling. The inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] binding assay showed that total cellular Ins(1,4,5)P3/g fresh weight was >40-fold higher in transgenic tobacco lines; however, even with this high steady state level of Ins(1,4,5)P3, the pathway was not saturated. Stimulating transgenic cells with hyperosmotic stress led to another 2-fold increase, suggesting that the transgenic cells were in a constant state of PI stimulation. Furthermore, expressing Hs PIPKIα increased sugar use and oxygen uptake. Our results demonstrate that PIPK is flux limiting and that this high rate of PI metabolism increased the energy demands in these cells.
Anaxagoras on Matter, Motion, and Multiple Worlds

In this article, both Anaxagoras’ theory of multiple worlds and the principles of his theory of matter are examined. It is argued that the five principles, which are set out explicitly in the extant fragments, (No Becoming, Indefinite Types, Universal Mixture, Predominance, and Infinite Divisibility) form a consistent set. Further, it is argued that the principle of Homoeomereity, which Anaxagoras attributes to Anaxagoras, is consistent with Anaxagoras’ other principles and is likely to be a genuine principle of Anaxagoras’ physics.
High temperature resistant bonding solutions enabling thin wafer processing (Characterization of polyimide base temporary bonding adhesive for thinned wafer handling)

Recent advanced devices including packaging and substrates required smart solution for wafer thinning and handling techniques. In addition to 3D-TSV packages, CIS, SiP, power devices, MEMS and SI interposer technologies require thinned substrates without any damage during processing or handling. On the other hand, existing thinning and handling technologies face difficulties when high process temperatures or aggressive chemicals are used in processes for via formation, insulation, via filling and re-routings. We propose the use of high temperature- and chemical-resistant polyimides as both temporary and permanent bonding adhesives in a process sequence called “transfer bonding”; this technology eliminates the difficulty of handling thinned substrates. This paper describes details of the bonding process, several techniques for de-bonding and the potential for applying this technology to manufacture of multiple types of advanced devices.
Data in support of NFκB and JNK pathways involvement in TLR3-mediated HIV-1 transactivation, expression of IL-6 and transcription factors associated with HIV-1 replication.

In the present article, using human monocyte-derived macrophages and cell lines containing integrated copies of the HIV-1 promoter, we show the effects of TLR3 ligands on the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. We further show the effects of TLR3 ligands on HIV-1 transactivation and transcription factors involved in HIV-1 replication. This article complements the data reported by the authors, “Toll-Like receptor-3 mediates HIV-1 transactivation via NFκB and JNK pathways, and histone acetylation, but prolonged activation suppresses Tat and HIV-1 replication” (Bhargavan et al., 2015) [1], and the interpretation of these data can be found in the research article published by the authors in Cellular Signaling in 2015 (Bhargavan et al., 2015) [1].
Abstract 50: Impact of Acute Cocaine use on Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Objective: To analyze the impact of acute cocaine use on presentation and outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Background: Acute cocaine use has been temporally associated with aSAH but there are varying reports describing how it affects patient presentation, complications and outcomes. Design/Methods: Data of aSAH patients admitted to our institution between 1991-2009 were reviewed to determine which patients had used cocaine within 72 hours of aSAH based on positive urine toxicology or a history of cocaine use within 72 hours (C). These patients were then compared with aSAH patients without recent cocaine exposure (NC) in relation to their clinical and radiological presentations, complications such as DIND (delayed ischemic neurological deficit defined by vasospasm mediated cerebral infarcts) and outcomes defined by hospital mortality. Results: Data of 1134 patients were reviewed; aSAH in142 patients (12.5%) was associated with cocaine use. Cocaine users were more likely to be younger (mean age: C:49, NC:53, p0.05), admission GCS 0.05), associated IVH (C:56%, NC:51%, p>0.05) or hydrocephalus on admission CT (C:49%; NC:52%, p> 0.05). Cocaine users were more likely to have vasospasm related infarcts when compared to non-cocaine users (C:22%; NC:16%, p Conclusions: Acute cocaine use was associated with a higher risk of aneurysm re-rupture and hospital mortality following aSAH. The various mechanisms for the nearly threefold increased odds of death associated with cocaine use warrants further investigation.
Development of a Tightly Controlled Off Switch for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Regulated by Camphor, a Low-Cost Natural Product

Here we describe the engineering of a distant homolog of the Tet repressor, CamR, isolated from Pseudomonas putida, that is regulated by camphor, a very inexpensive small molecule (at micromolar concentrations) for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The repressor was engineered by expression from a constitutive yeast promoter, fusion to a viral activator protein cassette, and codon optimization. A suitable promoter responsive to the CamR fusion protein was engineered by embedding a P. putida operator binding sequence within an upstream activating sequence (UAS)-less CYC1 promoter from S. cerevisiae. The switch, named the Camphor-Off switch, activates expression of a reporter gene in camphor-free media and represses it with micromolar concentrations of camphor.
Forum Shopping: A Plea for a Broad and Value-Neutral Definition

A negative approach towards forum shopping and the reasons to support it have been criticized by legal scholars. Not even legislators openly refuse forum shopping.Indeed, forum shopping is present in real life as a possibility that litigants have to face or to take Advantage of. In fact, every lawyer has to consider which is the best possible forum before bringing a claim. Such an assessment is a key component when defining an effective litigation strategy in international disputes. Forum shopping is also possible in situations where parties have chosen to submit their disputes to arbitration. It plays a significant role at the stage of the conclusion of the arbitration agreement as well as at a later stage, as in the cases when attempts are being made to have the arbitration agreement invalidated or to delay arbitration proceedings by bringing proceedings before a national court. The paper addresses those instances and proposes a value-neutral - and broad - definition of forum shopping applicable in both a Civil Law and Common Law setting.
Red Raspberries and Their Bioactive Polyphenols: Cardiometabolic and Neuronal Health Links

Diet is an essential factor that affects the risk of modern-day metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer disease. The potential ability of certain foods and their bioactive compounds to reverse or prevent the progression of the pathogenic processes that underlie these diseases has attracted research attention. Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are unique berries with a rich history and nutrient and bioactive composition. They possess several essential micronutrients, dietary fibers, and polyphenolic components, especially ellagitannins and anthocyanins, the latter of which give them their distinctive red coloring. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed various mechanisms through which anthocyanins and ellagitannins (via ellagic acid or their urolithin metabolites) and red raspberry extracts (or the entire fruit) could reduce the risk of or reverse metabolically associated pathophysiologies. To our knowledge, few studies in humans are available for evaluation. We review and summarize the available literature that assesses the health-promoting potential of red raspberries and select components in modulating metabolic disease risk, especially cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer disease-all of which share critical metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory links. The body of research is growing and supports a potential role for red raspberries in reducing the risk of metabolically based chronic diseases.
Product Heterogeneity in Trade: Technical Note

This is a technical appendix to the paper Product Heterogeneity and Cost Allocations in Contingent Trade Protection.The paper to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2328997
Predicting and Comparing C–M and O–M Bond Strengths for Adsorption on Transition Metal Surfaces

Understanding which surface properties control adsorption on metal surfaces has long been a primary goal in surface science and catalysis, for both fundamental and technological reasons. Moreover, for the purposes of designing catalysts for enhanced selectivity, it can be desirable to understand surface properties that lead to significant differences in adsorption energies of hydrocarbons and oxygenates. In this work, expressions for predicting adsorption energies of CH3 and OH are developed, based in part on screening a large number of possible predictors. These expressions include the d-band center, d-band filling, and matrix coupling element, which are well-known in the literature, as well as the relatively unstudied p-band center. These expressions are also applied to other adsorbates, including alkyls, alkoxides, C, O, and H, allowing elucidation of how the adsorbate structure affects the adsorption energy. While all alkyls behave similarly and all alkoxides behave similarly, there are significant di...
Abstract A92: Risk factors for ovarian cancer by tumor aggressiveness

Introduction: A recently proposed model of ovarian carcinogenesis categorizes ovarian tumors into three types. Type I tumors include low-grade serous and mucinous carcinomas, are slower growing, and are characterized by activating mutations in KRAS or BRAF; Type II tumors are characterized by a hormonally-responsive precursor (e.g., endometriosis) and often have PTEN mutations. Type III tumors include high-grade serous, endometrioid and undifferentiated carcinomas, which present at an advanced stage, and are characterized by P53 mutations. Tumor type is an important factor in determining whether the tumor will ultimately be fatal to the patient, with increasing aggressiveness across the three tumor pathway types. In the Nurses9 Health Study (NHS), we used time to death as a surrogate measure of type I/II vs. type III tumors and investigated differences in risk factor associations between the two groups. Methods: If a woman died due to ovarian cancer within 3 years of diagnosis, her tumor was considered rapidly fatal. If a woman died due to ovarian cancer more than 3 years post-diagnosis, died due to any other cause, or did not die during follow-up, her tumor was considered less aggressive. We calculated hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with rapidly fatal and less aggressive tumors using competing risks analysis in Cox proportional hazards models. We considered known or suspected risk factors for ovarian cancer, including age, parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive (OC) use, postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use, age at menopause, age at menarche, tubal ligation, height, and body mass index (BMI). All models were adjusted for these factors as well as age at first birth, menopausal status, smoking, and family history of breast and ovarian cancer. Results: Over 30 years of follow-up, we observed 349 rapidly fatal cases and 404 less aggressive cases. Increased age was associated with greater risk of rapidly fatal cancer compared to less aggressive disease (HR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.06–1.10 vs. HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.04, respectively; p-heterogeneity Conclusion: In the NHS, there are clear differences in risk factors for rapidly fatal vs. less aggressive ovarian tumors, surrogates for type I/II vs. type III tumors. This has important implications for targeting preventive measures. Validation of the observed associations is underway in two case-control studies. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A92.
A comparison of some house fly bioassay methods.

The house fly, Musca domestica L., has been used to compare some bioassay methods involving DDT as the standard insecticide, male, female, and a mixture of male and female flies, topical and film applications of DDT, and two bioassay designs. The results of these experiments were judged on the basis of assay validity, sensitivity, and efficiency. The most satisfactory procedure resulted from the use of 4-duy-old female flies, topical application, and a 4 × 4 design composed of four 50-fly replicates for each of four graded doses of DDT. A computational protocol illustrates the use of the minimum logit chi-square method to obtain estimates of LD50 values and their reliability.
How Empowering Female Directors on Boards Affects Firms' Selection of a Female CEO

In this study, I examine under what conditions a firm is likely to choose a female CEO, by focusing on an organizational factor that is directly associated with the process of hiring a new CEO: the board of directors. Given that in-group dynamics of a board prohibit female directors’ ability to speak up, I argue that enhancing the number of female directors and reducing stereotypes about them have positive effects on their participation in group decision making related to CEO succession, thus increasing the likelihood that a firm will choose a female CEO. I test this by analyzing Fortune 500 firms that had CEO succession from 1998 to 2006. The final sample consisted of 664 succession events. Based on previous studies that viewed three female directors as a critical mass that can exert power in group decision making, I first argue that the likelihood that a firm will choose a female CEO will rise once a board has three female directors, a hypothesis that was supported. Also, I found that two factors reduci...
Comparative genomic analysis of two Burkholderia glumae strains from different geographic origins reveals a high degree of plasticity in genome structure associated with genomic islands

Burkholderia glumae is the major causal agent of bacterial panicle blight of rice, a growing disease problem in global rice production. To better understand its genome-scale characteristics, the genome of the highly virulent B. glumae strain 336gr-1 isolated from Louisiana, USA was sequenced using the Illumina Genome Analyser II system. De novo assembled 336gr-1 contigs were aligned and compared with the previously sequenced genome of B. glumae strain BGR1, which was isolated from an infected rice plant in South Korea. Comparative analysis of the whole genomes of B. glumae 336gr-1 and B. glumae BGR1 revealed numerous unique genomic regions present only in one of the two strains. These unique regions contained accessory genes including mobile elements and phage-related genes, and some of the unique regions in B. glumae BGR1 corresponded to predicted genomic islands. In contrast, little variation was observed in known and potential virulence genes between the two genomes. The considerable amount of plasticity largely based on accessory genes and genome islands observed from the comparison of the genomes of these two strains of B. glumae may explain the versatility of this bacterial species in various environmental conditions and geographic locations.
Latent Perils: Stressed VaR, Elicitability, and Systemic Effects

Model risk, as demonstrated by the gap between VaR and its corresponding values for expected shortfall, is hardly the only threat to proper financial risk assessment. Even if we have properly modeled risk, whether by engaging in thorough nonparametric VaR, by specifying the proper parameters in a more accurate parametric model of value at risk, or by substituting more conservative (and coherent) values for expected shortfall in place of VaR, we cannot eliminate the problem of straightforward mistakes in estimation.1 Despite considerable advances in computation, the “fat finger” persists, in typography and in finance.2
Defect Passivation of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites by Diammonium Iodide toward High-Performance Photovoltaic Devices

The polycrystalline feature of solution-processed perovskite film and its ionic nature inevitably incur substantial crystallographic defects, especially at the film surface and the grain boundaries (GBs). Here, a simple defect passivation method was exploited by post-treating CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film with a rationally selected diammonium iodide. The molecular structure of the used diammonium iodide was discovered to play a critical role in affecting the phase purity of treated MAPbI3. Both NH3I(CH2)4NH3I and NH3I(CH2)2O(CH2)2NH3I (EDBE) induce three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) perovskite phase transformation during the treatment while only NH3I(CH2)8NH3I (C8) successfully passivates perovskite surface and GBs without forming 2D perovskite because of the elevated activation energy arising from its unique anti–gauche isomerization. Defect passivation of MAPbI3 was clearly confirmed by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) studies, which results in th...
Point and wedge tungsten-on-silicon field emitter arrays

The authors have measured 20 mu A/tip from single-tip silicon field emitter array (FEA) cells made from 10/sup 15//cm/sup 3/ n-type silicon. The current-voltage characteristics show a linear Fowler-Nordheim relationship and do not show current saturation. These results indicate that silicon-based FEAs might be able to compete with metal-based FEAs for RF power applications. In addition, the authors report the fabrication of silicon-based wedge, trench, and tungsten-on-silicon FEA structures. These new structures might have advantages and disadvantages compared with the classical point-like structures in some applications such as linear beam tubes. >
A survey on network protocols for wireless sensor networks

Recent advances in MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems), processor, radio, and memory technologies have dramatically enabled development of wireless sensor networks. A sensor network is a large network of small sensor nodes, capable of sensing, communication, and computation. It can be deployed to sense some physical phenomenon for a wide variety of applications. During recent years, research in wireless sensor networks has become more and more active. Network protocols developed for sensor networks are of great importance to meet specific design goals of sensor networks. We present a survey of recent work addressing network protocols, including routing and information dissemination algorithms, for wireless sensor networks. We evaluate them in terms of design goals, assumptions, operation models, energy models, and performance metrics.
The Effect of Primary Care Physician Knowledge of Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines on Perceptions and Utilization of Low-Dose Computed Tomography

Abstract Introduction Lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in high-risk patients, but a minority of eligible people are screened. It is not clear whether knowledge of USPSTF recommendations among primary care physicians (PCP) affects utilization of LDCT. Methods A randomly selected sample of 1384 PCPs in Los Angeles County was surveyed between January and October 2015, using surveys sent by mail, fax, and e-mail. The response rate was 18% (n = 250). Training background, years in practice, practice type, and respondent demographics were collected. We analyzed results based on the response to a question on whether the USPSTF recommends the use of LDCT to screen high-risk individuals for lung cancer. Results A total of 117 (47%) PCPs responded that the USPSTF recommends LDCT for LCS. Of PCPs who were aware of USPSTF recommendations, 97% responded that CT was effective at reducing lung cancer mortality among individuals meeting eligibility criteria, compared with 90% who were unaware of guidelines ( P = .02). A larger proportion of PCPs aware of guidelines ordered LDCT (71% vs. 38%, P P Discussion Awareness of USPSTF recommendations for LDCT is associated with increased utilization of LDCT for screening. Educational interventions for PCPs may improve adherence with LCS recommendations.
Imagining the Radicalized Muslim: Race, Anti-Muslim Discourse, and Media Narratives of the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombers:

The authors explore the production of anti-Muslim racial discourse through a study of media coverage of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings, widely seen as among the most significant acts of “homegro...
Regulatory, Legislative, and Judicial Measures

It is well accepted that the control of police misconduct, like crime itself, is directly related to the performance of the government and to the safety and perceived well-being of citizens in a democratic society (Franklin, 1999). Nevertheless, the picture of policing that emerges thus far is one of the increases in incidences and costs of misconduct because of the use of excessive force, collusion by some officers coupled with failures in transparency, and accountability by agencies charged with police oversight. Current efforts to curb police misconduct can be classified based on whether they are regulatory, legislative, and judicial (Swanson, Territo, & Taylor, 2001).
PRE-CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION SIMULATION TRAINING IN CARDIOVASCULAR FELLOWSHIP: OUTCOMES OVER TWO YEARS

Simulation training is a powerful tool for honing skills in a risk-free environment and is recommended by SCAI for use in maintenance of certification. First year cardiology fellows underwent a 60 minute pre-catheterization simulation training session (STS). Fellows were taught arterial access, use
High-throughput label-free microcontact printing graphene-based biosensor for valley fever.

Abstract The highly prevalent and virulent disease in the Western Hemisphere Coccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley Fever, can cause serious illness such as severe pneumonia with respiratory failure. It can also take on a disseminated form where the infection spreads throughout the body. Thus, a serious impetus exists to develop effective detection of the disease that can also operate in a rapid and high-throughput fashion. Here, we report the assembly of a highly sensitive biosensor using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with Coccidioides(cocci) antibodies as the target analytes. The facile design made possible by the scalable microcontact printing (μCP) surface patterning technique which enables rapid, ultrasensitive detection. It provides a wide linear range and sub picomolar (2.5 pg/ml) detection, while also delivering high selectivity and reproducibility. This work demonstrates an important advancement in the development of a sensitive label-free rGO biosensor for Coccidioidomycosis detection. This result also provides the potential application of direct pathogen diagnosis for the future biosensor development.
Queue Length at a Traffic Light via Flow Theory

Let us consider the following design problem. Suppose we have a road which, under normal operation, has a traffic flow q of 1000 veh/h at a flow concentration k of 20 veh/mi. There are two intersections on this road, 0.2 mi miles apart. We wish to install a stoplight at one of these intersections. Our primary interest is whether the queue which forms at the downstream light backs up to the upstream intersection (see Figure 11.1). Clearly, if the downstream queue does interfere with the operation of the upstream intersection, then other considerations must be made, possibly installing a synchronized light at the upstream intersection.
Venous thromboembolism occurs frequently in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery despite prophylaxis.

Most Neurosurgical Service patients at our hospital receive venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. In 1995–96, the rate of clinically overt venous thromboembolism was 3.7% among patients undergoing neurosurgery. However, rates were much higher when craniotomy was undertaken for brain tumor. Of 497 who underwent craniotomy for primary (429) or metastatic (68) brain tumor, 47 (9.5%) developed clinically overt venous thromboembolism: 7.5% after primary brain tumor resection and 19% after craniotomy for metastatic cancer. The high rate of venous thromboembolism in craniotomy patients with brain tumor warrants study of alternative measures for preventing thrombus, such as prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin.
New Working Fluid Containing Ethylene Glycol for Air Cooled Chiller - 2

ABSTRACT In order to develop a working fluid for use as an air-cooled absorbent, we have taken the working fluid of the H2O/LiBr system, a water-cooled absorbent, and added another inorganic salt, Lil, with ethylene glycol as an anti-solidification additive. The COP of the doule-effect cycle calculated from the thermodynamic properties is 1.52 when the threshold crystallization temperature is set at 20 °C and the circulation ratio is set to 14.2.
Image Quality and Patient-Specific Organ Doses in Stone Protocol CT: A Comparison of Traditional CT to Low Dose CT with Iterative Reconstruction

Objective. To compare organ specific radiation dose and image quality in kidney stone patients scanned with standard CT reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP-CT) to those scanned with low dose CT reconstructed with iterative techniques (IR-CT). Materials and Methods. Over a one-year study period, adult kidney stone patients were retrospectively netted to capture the use of noncontrasted, stone protocol CT in one of six institutional scanners (four FBP and two IR). To limit potential CT-unit use bias, scans were included only from days when all six scanners were functioning. Organ dose was calculated using volumetric CT dose index and patient effective body diameter through validated conversion equations derived from previous cadaveric, dosimetry studies. Board-certified radiologists, blinded to CT algorithm type, assessed stone characteristics, study noise, and image quality of both techniques. Results. FBP-CT (n=250) and IR-CT (n=90) groups were similar in regard to gender, race, body mass index (mean BMI = 30.3), and stone burden detected (mean size 5.4 ± 1.2 mm). Mean organ-specific dose (OSD) was 54-62% lower across all organs for IR-CT compared to FBP-CT with particularly reduced doses (up to 4.6-fold) noted in patients with normal BMI range. No differences were noted in radiological assessment of image quality or noise between the cohorts, and intrarater agreement was highly correlated for noise (AC2=0.873) and quality (AC2=0.874) between blinded radiologists. Conclusions. Image quality and stone burden assessment were maintained between standard FBP and low dose IR groups, but IR-CT decreased mean OSD by 50%. Both urologists and radiologists should advocate for low dose CT, utilizing reconstructive protocols like IR, to reduce radiation exposure in their stone formers who undergo multiple CTs.
10 – Nuclear Bodies

The cell nucleus is nonrandomly organized and lacks defining internal membranes. As such, prominent domains composed of DNA, RNA, and protein complexes within the nucleus are easily detectable by microscopy and are crucial for maintaining spatial and temporal control of cellular homeostasis. Of these domains, nuclear bodies (NBs) are a diverse range of protein and RNA-based structures that regulate gene transcription and silencing, RNA processing and retention, protein modifications, and other key cellular processes. Well-known NBs include the nucleolus, promyelocytic NBs, Cajal bodies, nuclear speckles, and histone locus bodies. These regions are phase separated from the surrounding nucleoplasm and within their confined spaces they concentrate essential but limited factors that accelerate specific catalytic or assembly reactions. Here, we describe how these nuclear structures are assembled and structurally maintained, highlight key NBs and their clinical relevance. We also provide a brief overview of recent developments regarding biophysical studies that are beginning to uncover the dynamics of NB nucleation and function.
Teaching Root Cause Analysis Using Simulation: Curriculum and Outcomes.

Background:Clinicians are key drivers for improving health care quality and safety. However, some may lack experience in quality improvement and patient safety (QI/PS) methodologies, including root...
Bulk Power System Dynamics with Varying Levels of Synchronous Generators and Grid-Forming Power Inverters

Inverters using phase-locked loops for control depend on voltages generated by synchronous machines to operate. This might be problematic if much of the conventional generation fleet is displaced by inverters. To solve this problem, grid-forming control for inverters has been proposed as being capable of autonomously regulating grid voltages and frequency. Presently, the performance of bulk power systems with massive penetration of grid-forming inverters has not been thoroughly studied as to elucidate benefits. Hence, this paper presents inverter models with two grid-forming strategies: virtual oscillator control and droop control. The two models are specifically developed to be used in positive-sequence simulation packages and have been implemented in PSLF. The implementations are used to study the performance of bulk power grids incorporating inverters with gridforming capability. Specifically, simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE 39-bus test system and the microWECC test system with varying levels of synchronous and inverter-based generation. The dynamic performance of the tested systems with gridforming inverters during contingency events is better than cases with only synchronous generation.
Tracers of Chromospheric Structure. I. Observations of Ca II K and Hα in M Dwarfs

We report on our observing program4This paper is based on observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. to capture simultaneous spectra of Ca II and Balmer lines in a sample of nearby M3 dwarfs. Our goal is to investigate the chromospheric temperature structure required to produce these lines at the observed levels. We find a strong positive correlation between instantaneous measurements of Ca II K and the Balmer lines in active stars, although these lines may not be positively correlated in time-resolved measurements. The relationship between Hα and Ca II K remains ambiguous for weak and intermediate activity stars, with Hα absorption corresponding to a range of Ca II K emission. A similar relationship is also observed between Ca II K and the higher-order Balmer lines. As our sample consists of a single spectral type, correlations between these important chromospheric tracers cannot be ascribed to continuum effects, as suggested by other authors. These data confirm prior nonsimultaneous observations of the Hα line behavior with increasing activity, showing an initial increase in the Hα absorption with increasing Ca II K emission, prior to Hα filling in and eventually becoming a pure emission line in the most active stars. We also compare our optical measurements with archival UV and X-ray measurements, finding a positive correlation between the chromospheric and coronal emission for both high and intermediate activity stars. We compare our results with previous determinations of the active fraction of low-mass stars, and discuss them in the context of surface inhomogeneity. Lastly, we discuss the application of these data as empirical constraints on new static models of quiescent M dwarf atmospheres.
The Top 10 List of Gravitational Lens Candidates from the HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE Medium Deep Survey

A total of 10 good candidates for gravitational lensing have been discovered in the WFPC2 images from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Medium Deep Survey (MDS) and archival primary observations. These candidate lenses are unique HST discoveries, i.e., they are faint systems with subarcsecond separations between the lensing objects and the lensed source images. Most of them are difficult objects for ground-based spectroscopic confirmation or for measurement of the lens and source redshifts. Seven are "strong lens" candidates that appear to have multiple images of the source. Three are cases in which the single image of the source galaxy has been significantly distorted into an arc. The first two quadruply lensed candidates were reported by Ratnatunga et al. We report on the subsequent eight candidates and describe them with simple models based on the assumption of singular isothermal potentials. Residuals from the simple models for some of the candidates indicate that a more complex model for the potential will probably be required to explain the full structural detail of the observations once they are confirmed to be lenses. We also discuss the effective survey area that was searched for these candidate lens objects.
Interest Deductibility, Market Frictions, and Price Discrimination.

This study shows that borrowers who benefit from the mortgage interest deduction pay an interest rate that is on average 11.6 basis points higher than that of otherwise similar borrowers. This result implies that mortgage originators capture between 7 to 15 percent of this government subsidy. Consistent with a model of first-degree price discrimination, this additional markup increases with borrowers’ marginal tax rate and with market frictions such as concentration, search cost, and leverage in bargaining. Thus, the study suggests that interest deductibility functions as price support in credit markets characterized by high market frictions.
Health Communication 2020 in Review.

The past year offered numerous global public health communication challenges, centering on the challenge of communicating useful, timely information about the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Health Comm...