cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent library navigation using location-aware systems: the Newman project

Finding resources in an indoor facility can be a difficult task, especially for patrons who are not familiar with what the facility has to offer. Current methods of indoor navigation involve the use of static maps, directions posted on walls and other traditional systems. However, as we see greater mobility of always-connected computing devices, we believe a better solution can be developed. As campuses and facilities begin to be covered with wireless internet access, we can access the web seamlessly from any location. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using a handheld device that can leverage that technology to search for and locate services and resources within a library. By displaying maps with directions and introducing several other features to aid library exploration, we believe we can reduce search and retrieval times as well as enrich the user experience.
Output maximization control for DFIG wind turbines without using wind and shaft speed measurements

Wind turbine generators (WTGs) are usually equipped with mechanical sensors to measure wind speed and turbine shaft rotating speed for system monitoring, control, and protection. The use of these sensors increases the cost and hardware complexity and reduces the reliability of the WTG system. This paper proposes a novel real-time speed estimation algorithm for wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs). In the proposed algorithm, both the wind and turbine shaft speeds are estimated from the measured DFIG output electrical power. The estimated speeds are then used to determine the maximum power point of the DFIG wind turbine. A P-Q decoupled control strategy is developed to continuously regulate the DFIG at the maximum power point without the need of using any wind or turbine shaft speed sensors.
Varied Presentations of Metastatic Pulmonary Melanoma

Four cases of malignant melanoma metastatic to the bronchopulmonary tree demonstrate the wide array of clinical, chest x-ray film and bronchoscopic findings seen in this entity. The clinical presentations described include wheezing, hemoptysis with severe dyspnea, an asymptomatic state, and a generalized systemic illness, with chest pain, fever and respiratory failure. The respective chest x-ray findings are atelectasis of a single lobe, atelectasis of an entire lung, multiple discrete parenchymal nodules and a fine miliary pattern. Bronchoscopic examination in three of the four cases also emphasizes the great variability of this disease in that one patient had amelanotic endobronchial lesions, a second had a darkly pigmented endobronchial tumor and the third had the striking finding of diffuse melanosis of the airways.
Optimal drip irrigation scheduling based on design uniformity, deficit application and crop response

Abstract A computer simulation was conducted to determine emitter flow from a drip irrigation submain unit. Evaluations were made for various commonly used uniformity parameters. The coefficient of variation of emitter flow can be determined from the effects of hydraulics, manufacturer's variation and grouping effect of emitters. A linear cumulative frequency expressed as a straight line can be used to approximate the S-curve from a normal distribution. Simple mathematical equations can be derived from the linear approach for coefficient of variation, per cent of deficit and application efficiency. The optimal irrigation schedule can be determined by considering the cost of water, return of the crops, a linear crop response model and the uniformity of the drip irrigation system.
Dark-matter sterile neutrinos in models with a gauge singlet in the Higgs sector

Sterile neutrino with mass of several keV can be the cosmological dark matter, can explain the observed velocities of pulsars, and can play an important role in the formation of the first stars. We describe the production of sterile neutrinos in a model with an extended Higgs sector, in which the Majorana mass term is generated by the vacuum expectation value of a gauge-singlet Higgs boson. In this model the relic abundance of sterile neutrinos does not necessarily depend on their mixing angles, the free-streaming length can be much smaller than in the case of warm dark matter produced by neutrino oscillations, and, therefore, some of the previously quoted bounds do not apply. The presence of the gauge singlet in the Higgs sector has important implications for the electroweak phase transition, baryogenesis, and the upcoming experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and a Linear Collider.
Apparatus and Method for Low-Temperature Training of Shape Memory Alloys

An apparatus and method for the low-temperature thermo-mechanical training of shape memory alloys (SMA) has been developed. The experimental SMA materials are being evaluated as prototypes for applicability in novel thermal management systems for future cryogenic applications. Alloys providing two-way actuation at cryogenic temperatures are the chief target. The mechanical training regimen was focused on the controlled movement of rectangular strips, with S-bend configurations, at temperatures as low as 30 K. The custom holding fixture included temperature sensors and a low heat-leak linear actuator with a magnetic coupling. The fixture was mounted to a Gifford-McMahon cryocooler providing up to 25 W of cooling power at 20 K and housed within a custom vacuum chamber. Operations included both training cycles and verification of shape memory movement. The system design and operation are discussed. Results of the training for select prototype alloys are presented.
Diagnostic Molecular Genetics

Molecular genetic testing has a unique range of indications, most of which are quite different from the uses of traditional clinical laboratory testing and even molecular biologic testing in other disease classes (e.g. infectious disease, cancer). The technical approaches as well as the psychosocial and ethical implications of molecular genetic tests may vary substantially depending on the reason for testing (e.g. diagnostic, carrier screening). Just as many of the applications are unique, so too the types of patient samples collected for molecular genetic testing may be different from those obtained for other types of clinical laboratory testing. In addition, the choice of technique will depend on the nature of the disease gene being studied (especially its size and mutational heterogeneity), the purpose of the test, and to some extent the condition of the specimen, and examples of specific conditions are discussed. Finally, high complexity laboratories performing molecular genetic testing need to be aware of the specific regulatory considerations involved.
Memory Diagrams: A Consistant Approach Across Concepts and Languages

Hand-drawn memory diagrams are frequently used in computer science to demonstrate new programming concepts and support students' understanding of program functionality. These diagrams often vary among courses, instructors, and languages, which confuse students moving through the curriculum. Consistent memory diagrams throughout a curriculum not only alleviate confusion but offer a scaffold for students to transfer their understanding between courses taught at different levels of complexity and in different languages. We describe our standardized system for memory diagrams as it is used in our curriculum to demonstrate this scaffolding process through multiple concepts and programming languages.
Development of the Stakeholder Engagement Plan as a Mining Social Responsibility Practice

This chapter addresses the development of social responsibility practices for Newmont Mining Corporation’s Emigrant Rain Project in the State of Nevada, USA. It results from Newmont’s concerns related to conflicts on permitting the Emigrant Mine over the past 12 years, which brought the University of Nevada, Reno, and the Newmont Mining Corporation together to investigate the concept of a Good Neighbor Agreement. A Good Neighbor Agreement can be used to understand the relationships between various stakeholders, to improve communication, and to help resolve disagreements. For this purpose, we identified groups of relevant stakeholders based on location, which include the Carlin group, the Twin Creeks Group, and the Long Canyon Group. For the first group, which is geographically close to the examined site, we established levels of influence and their interest in the Emigrant Rain Project, composed stakeholders’ matrixes and maps, and identified the stakeholders’ engagement risks and stakeholders’ engagement methods. For all groups together we conducted a survey to identify the opinions and concerns related to the mining industry in Nevada. The results of this research will be used to develop Good Neighbor Agreements as a general tool for conflict resolution.
The Kress Library of Business and Economics

As the Kress Library of Business and Economics approaches its fiftieth anniversary in 1988, it seems an appropriate time to reflect upon the library's origins. In this essay, Ruth Rogers explains how the foundation of the collection came to the Harvard Business School, what it encompasses, and how it has evolved over the years. Some major changes are evident at the close of the Kress Library's first half-century, but its perspective will always be rooted in the past.
Spectral triangulation molecular contrast OCT with indocyanine green as the contrast agent

We report the use of indocyanine green (ICG), an FDA approved dye, as a contrast agent for molecular contrast optical coherence tomography (MCOCT). We introduce “spectral triangulation” as an enhancement to spectroscopic OCT.
Wife's Status and Family Social Standing

In this article, I analyze the effect of husbands' and wives' statuses on class self-placement. While the effect of wife's occupation is greater for employed wives than it is for their husbands, both employed women and their husbands attribute far greater importance to the husband's occupation. For couples in which the wife is a housewife, the class self-placement of both husbands and wives is far more strongly affected by husband's status than by wife's education. Overall, wives' characteristics make little difference either to husbands' or to wives' estimation of their social standing. The somewhat higher class self-placement of members of couples in which the wife has no paid job suggests the persistence of a patriarchal one-earner norm.
The Oxidation of Cobalt Nanoparticles into Kirkendall-Hollowed CoO and Co3O4: The Diffusion Mechanisms and Atomic Structural Transformations

We report on the atomic structural changes and diffusion processes during the chemical transformation of e-Co nanoparticles (NPs) through oxidation in air into hollow CoO NPs and then Co3O4 NPs. Th...
Simultaneous determination of arsenic and selenium in drinking water by atomic fluorescence sepectrometry

Objective:The hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometric method was adopted for the determination of arsenica and selenium in drinking water.Methods:The water sample was treated by HNO3 and HClO4,in the medium of 5% HCl,to enter for Thiourea and L-Ascorbic acld,to determine the fluorescent light strength by the reducer of 20% NaBH4.Results:In the best conditions of the experimentation,the detection limit,arsenic was 0.526 μg/L and selenium was 0.452 μg/L.Recovery rate of the method was 94.8%～100.3% for arsenic and 95.1%～99.0% for Selenium.Conclusion:This method is simple,fast and accurate.
A weakly labeled approach for breast tissue segmentation and breast density estimation in digital mammography

Breast tissue segmentation is a fundamental task in digital mammography. Commonly, this segmentation is applied prior to breast density estimation. However, observations show a strong correlation between the segmentation parameters and the breast density, resulting in a chicken and egg problem. This paper presents a new method for breast segmentation, based on training with weakly labeled data, namely breast density categories. To this end, a Fuzzy-logic module is employed computing an adaptive parameter for segmentation. The suggested scheme consists of a feedback stage where a preliminary segmentation is used to allow extracting domain specific features from an early estimation of the tissue regions. Selected features are then fed into a fuzzy logic module to yield an updated threshold for segmentation. Our evaluation is based on 50 fibroglandular delineated images and on breast density classification, obtained on a large data set of 1243 full-field digital mammograms. The data set contained images from different devices. The proposed analysis provided an average Jaccard spatial similarity coefficient of 0.4 with improvement of this measure in 70% of cases where the suggested module was applied. In breast density classification, average classification accuracy of 75% was obtained, which significantly improved the baseline method (67.4%). Major improvement is obtained in low breast densities where higher threshold levels rejects false positive regions. These results show a promise for the clinical application of this method in breast segmentation, without the need for laborious tissue annotation.
The Age of the Sword: Norms of Honor and Fashion

On an October Saturday in 1582, two master belt-makers from Rothenburg came to words and then to blows while crossing a field on their way to a country market. One of the men, Leonhard Schiller, apparently instigated the fight by teasing and insulting his colleague Hans Neβer’s journeyman Simon, who was also present at the scene. In response to Neβer’s demand that Schiller leave the boy alone and address his insults to Neβer, Schiller challenged Neβer also to speak what was on his mind, implying that Neβer had a problem with Schiller’s reputation. Schiller then took his gun in his hand. According to Schiller’s apprentice Wolf Stock, who also witnessed the incident, Neβer countered Schiller’s gesture with the accusation, “easy for you, you have a gun, and we don’t.”1 Schiller then laid his gun aside and drew his sword in order to face Neβer on equal terms. Neβer could not ignore the challenge. As the two crossed swords, Simon picked up Schiller’s loaded gun and fired it in order to clear it and ensure that the fight remained fair. The swordplay went badly for Schiller, who suffered a grievous cut to the abdomen. Afterwards he lay in great pain for two days before dying a pious, Christian death. Multiple witnesses to Schiller’s last hours reported that he confessed his sins to a pastor, admitting his own fault in the fight and accepting his pain and suffering as penance for his restless ways. He then forgave his killer and took communion before dying.2
How many roads lead to cohesinopathies

Genetic mapping studies reveal that mutations in cohesion pathways are responsible for multispectrum developmental abnormalities termed cohesinopathies. These include Roberts syndrome (RBS), Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), and Warsaw Breakage Syndrome (WABS). The cohesinopathies are characterized by overlapping phenotypes ranging from craniofacial deformities, limb defects, and mental retardation. Though these syndromes share a similar suite of phenotypes and arise due to mutations in a common cohesion pathway, the underlying mechanisms are currently believed to be distinct. Defects in mitotic failure and apoptosis i.e. trans DNA tethering events are believed to be the underlying cause of RBS, whereas the underlying cause of CdLS is largely modeled as occurring through defects in transcriptional processes i.e. cis DNA tethering events. Here, we review recent findings described primarily in zebrafish, paired with additional studies in other model systems, including human patient cells, which challenge the notion that cohesinopathies represent separate syndromes. We highlight numerous studies that illustrate the utility of zebrafish to provide novel insights into the phenotypes, genes affected and the possible mechanisms underlying cohesinopathies. We propose that transcriptional deregulation is the predominant mechanism through which cohesinopathies arise. Developmental Dynamics 246:881-888, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery Complications

Purpose:Preoperative evaluation with detailed surgical planning is imperative to avoid potential complications in cosmetic eyelid surgery.Materials and Methods:Before undergoing cosmetic upper eyel...
Blunt Cardiac Trauma Review

Patients suffering blunt cardiac trauma vary widely in the severity of their condition on presentation. Although some may present with mild sternal bruising, others may present with acute valvular rupture or malignant arrhythmia. Disposition for these patients ranges from discharge home to admission for urgent cardiac surgery. This article discusses some of the common types of blunt cardiac trauma and reviews the current literature and guidelines for their triage and initial management.
Structure and Dynamics of Cas9 HNH Domain Catalytic State

The bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 immune system has been harnessed as a powerful and versatile genome-editing tool and holds immense promise for future therapeutic applications. Despite recent advances in understanding Cas9 structures and its functional mechanism, little is known about the catalytic state of the Cas9 HNH nuclease domain, and identifying how the divalent metal ions affect the HNH domain conformational transition remains elusive. A deeper understanding of Cas9 activation and its cleavage mechanism can enable further optimization of Cas9-based genome-editing specificity and efficiency. Using two distinct molecular dynamics simulation techniques, we have obtained a cross-validated catalytically active state of Cas9 HNH domain primed for cutting the target DNA strand. Moreover, herein we demonstrate the essential roles of the catalytic Mg2+ for the active state formation and stability. Importantly, we suggest that the derived catalytic conformation of the HNH domain can be exploited for rational engineering of Cas9 variants with enhanced specificity.
Endoscopic ultrasound and the liver: current applications and beyond

The diagnosis and management of many gastrointestinal conditions has been augmented by the development of endoscopic ultrasound. Its role in the diagnosis and management of liver disease has been somewhat limited, but with the rapid development of therapeutic advancements it has quickly emerged as a useful tool in the management of complex hepatic conditions. This includes its use in the management of complications of portal hypertension as well as its use in liver lesions and cancer. In this paper, we review case studies, case series and trials for hepatic applications of endoscopic ultrasound to provide an overview of its utilization in this field and demonstrating its more novel applications for future use.
Unstable Housing and Caregiver and Child Health in Renter Families

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how 3 forms of housing instability relate to caregiver and child health among low-income renter households. METHODS: Caregivers of children 0 to 48 months of age were interviewed in 5 urban medical centers from May 2009 to December 2015. Caregivers reported on the following: caregiver health, maternal depressive symptoms, child’s health, lifetime hospitalizations, developmental risk, and 3 housing circumstances, which were categorized as being behind on rent in the past 12 months, multiple moves (≥ 2 in past 12 months), and child’s lifetime history of homelessness. Associations with caregiver and child health outcomes were examined through multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 22 324 families, 34% had at least 1 of the following adverse housing circumstances: 27% had been behind on rent, 8% had made multiple moves, and 12% had a history of being homeless. Overlap between these was limited; 86% experienced only 1 adverse housing circumstance. Each circumstance was individually associated with increased adjusted odds of adverse health and material hardship compared with stable housing. Households behind on rent had increased adjusted odds of fair and/or poor caregiver health (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77–2.05), maternal depressive symptoms (aOR: 2.71; 95% CI: 2.51–2.93), child lifetime hospitalizations (aOR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10–1.27), fair and/or poor child health (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.28–1.56), and household material hardships. Families with multiple moves and history of homelessness had similar adverse caregiver, child, health, and hardship outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Three forms of housing instability were associated with adverse caregiver and child health among low-income renter households. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends social screening within health care; providers could consider assessing for behind on rent, multiple moves, and homelessness in high-risk practices.
Influence of cyanidin glycosylation patterns on carboxypyranoanthocyanin formation.

Abstract Anthocyanins can condense with compounds having enolizable groups to form pyranoanthocyanins. These pigments are less susceptible to degradation and color changes associated with nucleophilic addition common to anthocyanins. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycosylation patterns of anthocyanins on carboxypyranoanthocyanin formation. Nine cyanidin derivatives were isolated by semi-preparative HPLC. Pyruvic acid was added to induce pyranoanthocyanin formation. Composition (HPLC-MS/MS), spectra (absorbance 380–700 nm), and color (CIEL*c*h*) of solutions were monitored during 31 days storage at 25 °C. Cyanidin-3-glycosides with 1 → 6 disaccharides produced the highest pyranoanthocyanin yield (∼31%), followed by Cyanidin-3-monoglycosides (∼20%); 1 → 2 disaccharides produced the least proportions of pyranoanthocyanins (5–7%). Cyanidin-3-arabinoside converted to pyranoanthocyanins but degraded quickly (3% yield) under these conditions. No pyranoanthocyanins were formed from Cyanidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside. Glycosyl bonds were more critical than the size of the substitution alone, further supported by Cyanidin-3-(glucosyl)-(1 → 6)-(xylosyl-(1 → 2)-galactoside) yield (11%). Pyranoanthocyanins were hypsochromically shifted and had higher hue angles than their respective anthocyanins.
Let's Clear the Air: Enforcing Civil Penalties Against Federal Violators of the Clean Air Act

The Clean Air Act (CAA) includes enforcement provisions by which violators of the Act can be held civilly liable for penalties. When federal agencies violate the CAA, however, the Constitution and the sovereign immunity doctrine serve as obstacles to civil enforcement. Federal agencies contend that the Constitution's separation of powers doctrine, unitary executive theory, and "case or controversy" justiciability requirement bar the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from proceeding against them in civil enforcement actions. This Article addresses these arguments and examines the executive branch's approach to enforcing the Act against federal agencies.Federal agencies also have asserted the sovereign immunity doctrine as a defense to civil suits by states, local governments, and citizens. This doctrine protects the federal government from lawsuits unless Congress has explicitly waived sovereign immunity in a statute. While there is some evidence that Congress has intended to waive federal immunity in the CAA, federal courts have inconsistently applied such waivers. This Article examines the developing judicial applicability of the CAA's sovereign immunity waiver by comparing its language and legislative history to that of other environmental statutes. This Article provides a similar review of federal employee liability for civil penalties under the CAA and concludes that federal employees also enjoy a qualified common law and statutory immunity. Based upon an evaluation of the obstacles various entities face in bringing a civil suit against a federal agency or an agency's employee, this Article concludes that civil liability is not the optimal means of enforcing the Act and proposes an alternate method of gaining federal facility compliance. It recommends that enforcement authorities and federal agencies establish a negotiation system designed to produce bilateral agreements. Through this system, parties could bargain towards the achievement of the ultimate shared goal of environmental preservation.
Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Reproducibility and variability of pH parameters.

If 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring is to be a useful diagnostic tool, it must reliably discriminate gastroesophageal reflux patients despite daily variations in distal esophageal acid exposure. To address this issue, we studied 53 subjects (14 healthy normals, 14 esophagitis patients, and 25 patients with atypical symptoms) with two ambulatory pH tests performed within 10 days of each other. Intrasubject reproducibility of 12 pH parameters to discriminate the presence of abnormal acid reflux was determined. As a group, the parameters of percent time with pH<4 (total, upright, recumbent) were most reproducible (80%). Therefore, a subject was defined as having gastroesophageal reflux disease if at least one of these three values were abnormal. Intrasubject reproducibility for the diagnosis of reflux disease was 89% for the entire sample. Among subsets, the reproducibility was 93% for the normals and esophagitis patients and 84% for the atypical symptom patients. Total percent time with pH<4 was the single most discriminate pH parameter (85%) and nearly equaled that of the three combined parameters (89%). The intrasubject variability of this parameter was determined by the mean ±2sd of the relative differences between the two test results for all 53 subjects. Total percent time with pH<4 may vary between tests by a factor of 3.2-fold or less (218% higher to 69% lower). We conclude: (1) ambulatory 24-hr esophageal monitoring is a reproducible test for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease; and (2) the large intrastudy variability in 24-hr total acid exposure may limit this test's usefulness as a measurement of therapeutic improvement.
Effects of Temperature and pH on Pressure Filtration of Coal Refuse Slurry

Coal refuse slurries stored in tailings impoundments can potentially lead to environmental concerns such as effluent seepage, property devaluation, and in extreme cases, dam failures. Pressure filtration offers an opportunity to reduce the impoundment requirements by providing significantly drier solids. A full-factorial design was used to study the effects of temperature and pH on dewatering a refuse slurry obtained from a coal preparation facility in Pennsylvania, USA. The experimental results indicated a strong effect of temperature on cake moisture as the cake moisture after about 2800 s was 22% at 43 °C and only 36% at 10 °C for tests conducted at pH 3. ANOVA results confirmed the statistical significance of pH, temperature, and their interaction effect. Also, the results showed no significant differences between the tests conducted near neutral and alkaline pH values at low and ambient temperatures. On the other hand, Tukey’s test indicated higher reductions in cake moisture at higher temperatures for lower pH values. This study affirms the need to monitor and control the pressure filtration process as throughput could significantly vary with changes in temperature and slurry conditions.
Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) response to metsulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, and bentazon combinations

Doveweed is a problematic weed species in many agricultural ecosystems as well as on roadsides and rights-of-way. Effective POST chemical control options for doveweed are limited in many cropping systems. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of metsulfuron-methyl dose and the impact of mixtures and sequential applications of either trifloxysulfuron-sodium or bentazon with metsulfuron-methyl for doveweed control. By 14 d after the initial treatment, applying 0.04 kg ai ha–¹ metsulfuron-methyl, either once or sequentially, provided 100% control of doveweed. Application of trifloxysulfuron-sodium at 0.04 kg ai ha–¹ alone or in mixture with metsulfuron-methyl (0.04 kg ha–¹) did not provide consistent doveweed control nor did it reduce biomass. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium applied alone at 0.08 kg ha–¹ or in a mixture with metsulfuron-methyl (0.04 kg ha–¹) provided consistent doveweed control (>80%). A single application of bentazon (0.56 kg ai ha–¹) was ineffective at controlling doveweed. A single application of the bentazon and metsulfuron-methyl mixture (0.56 + 0.04 kg ha–¹, respectively) or sequential applications of either bentazon alone (0.56 kg ha–¹) or in mixture with metsulfuron-methyl (0.04 kg ha–¹) provided excellent doveweed control (100%) by 35 d after treatment. Overall, single applications of metsulfuron-methyl (0.02 to 0.17 kg ha–¹) or mixtures of metsulfuron-methyl with trifloxysulfuron-sodium (0.04 + 0.08 kg ha–¹, respectively) or bentazon (0.04 + 0.56 kg ha–¹, respectively) controlled doveweed and may be useful for enhancing the control spectrum for other weeds. Sequential applications of the bentazon and metsulfuron-methyl mixture (0.56 + 0.04 kg ha–¹, respectively) provided doveweed control and are a resistance-management strategy for doveweed. Nomenclature: Metsulfuron-methyl; trifloxysulfuron-sodium; bentazon; doveweed; Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan MUDNU
Motivated Reading: Text and Image in the Expanded Temple

While generations of scholars have recorded the rock-cut inscriptions found on the walls of southeast Indian temples, not until recently has attention been given to the inclusion of text in murals ...
Prediction of an Extended Ferroelectric Clathrate.

Using first-principles calculations, we predict a lightweight room-temperature ferroelectric carbon-boron framework in a host-guest clathrate structure. This ferroelectric clathrate, with composition ${\mathrm{ScB}}_{3}{\mathrm{C}}_{3}$, exhibits high polarization density and low mass density compared with widely used commercial ferroelectrics. Molecular dynamics simulations show spontaneous polarization with a moderate above-room-temperature ${T}_{c}$ of $\ensuremath{\sim}370\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$, which implies large susceptibility and possibly large electrocaloric and piezoelectric constants at room temperature. Our findings open the possibility for a new class of ferroelectric materials with potential across a broad range of applications.
Inpatient adoption of medications for alcohol use disorder: A mixed-methods formative evaluation involving key stakeholders.

Abstract Background Although the inpatient setting presents an important opportunity for medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) adoption, this infrequently occurs. We aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators of inpatient MAUD adoption. Methods A convergent mixed-method study conducted from April to September 2018 of non-prescribing (registered nurse, pharmacist, and social work) and prescribing (physician or advanced practice provider hospitalist, general internist, and psychiatrist) professionals at a large urban academic medical center. Survey assessed organizational readiness to adopt MAUD and focus groups guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) analyzed using directed content analysis. Results Fifty-seven participants completed surveys and one of seven focus groups. Health professionals perceived clinical evidence (mean 4.0, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 3.9, 4.2) as supportive and patient preferences (mean 3.4, 95 % CI: 3.2, 3.6) and availability of resources (mean 3.1, 95 % CI: 2.8, 3.3) as less supportive of MAUD adoption. Stakeholders identified barriers across CFIR constructs; 1) Intervention characteristics: limited knowledge of MAUD effectiveness and concerns about side effects, 2) Outer setting: perceived patient vulnerability to care interruptions and a lack of external incentives, 3) Inner setting: a lack of organizational prioritization, and 4) Characteristics of individuals: stigma of people with AUD. Facilitators included: 1) Intervention characteristics: adaptation of workflows and 2) Characteristics of individuals: harm reduction as treatment goal. Conclusions This study identified multiple intersecting barriers and facilitators of inpatient MAUD adoption. Implementation interventions should prioritize strategies that increase health professional knowledge of MAUD and organizational prioritization of treating AUD.
Consumer Reported Care Deferrals Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Role and Potential of Telemedicine: Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced many health systems to proactively reduce care delivery to prepare for an expected surge in hospitalizations. There have been concerns that care deferral may have negative health effects, but it is hoped that telemedicine can provide a viable alternative. Objective: This study aimed to understand what type of health care services were being deferred during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the role played by telemedicine to fill in care gaps, and changes in attitudes toward telemedicine. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of survey responses from 1694 primary care patients in a mid-sized northeastern city. Our main outcomes were use of telemedicine and reports of care deferral during the shutdown. Results: Deferred care was widespread—48% (n=812) of respondents deferred care—but it was largely for preventive services, particularly dental and primary care, and did not cause concerns about negative health effects. In total, 30.2% (n=242) of those who delayed care were concerned about health effects, with needs centered around orthopedics and surgery. Telemedicine was viewed more positively than prior to the pandemic; it was seen as a viable option to deliver deferred care, particularly by respondents who were over 65 years of age, female, and college educated. Mental health services stood out for having high levels of deferred care. Conclusions: Temporary health system shutdowns will give rise to deferred care. However, much of the deferrals will be for preventive services. The effect of this on patient health can be moderated by prioritizing surgical and orthopedic services and delivering other services through telemedicine. Having telemedicine as an option is particularly crucial for mental health services.
Philosophies and Decision Making in Parole Board Members

Parole boards have discretion to make prison release decisions by applying a number of factors. While prior research has identified factors that are important, little is known about how parole boar...
Impeaching Lying Parties with Their Statements During Negotiation: Demysticizing the Public Policy Rationale Behind Evidence Rule 408 and the Mediation-Privilege Statutes

Virtually all American jurisdictions have laws-either rules of evidence or mediation-privilege statutes or both-that exclude from evidence statements that parties make during negotiations and mediations. The legislatures (and sometimes courts) that have adopted these exclusionary rules have invoked a public policy rationale: that parties must be able to speak freely to settle disputes, and they will not speak freely if their statements during negotiation can later be admitted against them. This rationale is so widely revered that many courts have relied on it to prohibit the use of negotiation statements to impeach, even when the inconsistency of the negotiation statement reveals that the speaker either lied during the negotiation or is lying at trial. This Article challenges the public policy rationale, arguing that confidentiality has very little effect on an honest party's willingness to speak about the facts during negotiation, and so when the rationale is invoked to prohibit impeachment, it operates only to protect the dishonest. The Article concludes by proposing a specific amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 408, its state counterparts, and the mediation-privilege statutes that would permit impeachment by a prior inconsistent negotiation statement, but only if the statement clearly demonstrated intentional misrepresentation by the speaker.
Acute Coronary Syndrome: STEMI and Non-STEMI Interventions

Acute coronary syndrome is a spectrum ranging from ST-elevation myocardial infarction to troponin-negative unstable angina. Plaque rupture or erosion leads to thrombus formation resulting in ischemic myocardial damage. Current guidelines recommend primary angioplasty for patients with STEMI and early invasive strategy (<72 h) for patients with high-risk ACS.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with CAV/IE for malignant transformation of teratoma to primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET): An institutional analysis from Indiana University.

5026Background: Malignant transformation of teratoma to PNET has an aggressive disease biology and generally poor outcomes when metastasis occurs. The optimal management of patients (pts) with PNET...
Pneumonectomy for Idiopathic Fibrosing Mediastinitis Mimicking Neoplasm in a Child.

The unique case of a child with idiopathic fibrosing mediastinitis mimicking neoplasm is presented. A 5-year-old boy presented with pneumonia and was found to have a complex, heterogeneous, and calcified mediastinal mass along the left hilum. Percutaneous and surgical biopsies, while suggesting a potential epithelial malignancy, were non-conclusive. Due to worsening symptoms of airway obstruction and chest wall invasion, resection was performed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. This ultimately required pneumonectomy on cardiopulmonary bypass. Pathology revealed fibrosing mediastinitis with infiltration of lung parenchyma, and subsequent workup for infectious, neoplastic, granulomatous, and autoimmune etiologies was negative.
Longitudinal examination of peer and partner influences on gender-specific pathways from child abuse to adult crime

Research provides increasing evidence of the association of child abuse with adult antisocial behavior. However, less is known about the developmental pathways that underlie this association. Building on the life course model of antisocial behavior, the present study examined possible developmental pathways linking various forms of child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual) to adult antisocial behavior. These pathways include child and adolescent antisocial behavior, as well as adulthood measures of partner risk taking, warmth, and antisocial peer influences. Data are from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study, a prospective longitudinal study examining long-term developmental outcomes subsequent to child maltreatment. Participant families in the Lehigh Longitudinal Study were followed from preschool age into adulthood. Analyses of gender differences addressed the consistency of path coefficients across genders. Results for 297 adult participants followed from early childhood showed that, for both genders, physical and emotional child abuse predicted adult crime indirectly through child and adolescent antisocial behavior, as well as adult partner and antisocial peer influences. However, for females, having an antisocial partner predicted an affiliation with antisocial peers, and that in turn predicted adult crime. For males, having an antisocial partner was associated with less partner warmth, which in turn predicted an affiliation with antisocial peers, itself a proximal predictor of adult crime. Sexual abuse also predicted adolescent antisocial behavior, but only for males, supporting what some have called "a delayed-onset pathway" for females, whereby the exposure to early risks produce much later developmental outcomes.
Molecular Genetics of Variability in Human Pain

Pain is considered to be an evolutionary-conserved trait and is employed as a necessary means to survival. Although this trait is common in all humans, it shows great variability among individuals. The underlying mechanisms of pain perception are not fully understood. Functional single nucleotide polymorphism and other types of genetic polymorphisms increase or decrease gene function influencing the encoded product. These polymorphisms (alleles) used to analyse the genetic mechanisms of pain perception may account for up to 50% of the total variability in the human pain phenotype. Interestingly, certain genes (e.g. COMT and OPRM1) are reoccurring targets of interest for the variation they cause in experimental and clinical pain perception as well for their effects on analgesia and pain-related psychosocial traits. Current and future genetic studies of human pain will reveal missing risk factors for painful disorders and will aid focussed clinical trials for improved and innovative pain management in patients at risk. Key Concepts: Variability is a common feature for all pain phenotypes in humans. Genetics account for a big portion of overall variability in human pain. Different pain phenotypes have overlapping genetic background. Both common and rare functional genetic polymorphisms contribute to human pain. Candidate gene studies revealed only of a handful of genetic risk and protective factors for human pain. Unbiased genome-wide approaches will provide data on additional genetic factors influencing human pain. Keywords: functional; SNP; polymorphism; genetic; variability; pain; nociception; human; phenotype
Chaos in One-Dimensional Hydrogen

We analyze the effect of a DC electric field on classical chaos in one-dimensional hydrogen in a microwave field. We show that, under ordinary experimental conditions, the system is expected to undergo a transition from a regime of classical behavior to a regime of uniquely quantum behavior as the DC field is increased, for an unclamping DC field. We also show that ionization by classical chaos competes favorably with ionization by tunneling in the transition region, and that tunneling allows very sensitive spectroscopy of this region.
The Law of Misleading Advertising: An Examination of the Difference Between Common and Civil Law Countries

This article uses a new conceptual framework to analyse advertising challenges in exploring the similarities and differences in advertising law and regulation of both common and civil law countries...
Reactor safety for the Space Exploration Initiative

A task force was created by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to conduct a 90‐day study to support efforts to determine requirements to meet the goals of the Space Exploration Initiative. The task force identified the need for a nuclear reactor to provide the electrical power required as the outpost power demands on the Moon and Mars evolve into hundreds of kilowatts. A preliminary hazards analysis has been performed to examine safety aspects of nuclear reactor power systems for representative missions to the Moon and Mars. Mission profiles were defined for reference lunar and martian flights. Potential alternatives to each mission phase were also defined. Accident scenarios were qualitatively defined for the mission phases. The safety issues decay heat removal, reactor control, disposal, criticality, end‐of‐mission shutdown, radiation exposure, the martian environment, high speed impact on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars, and return flyby trajectories were identified.
Indirect, out-of-pocket and medical costs from influenza-related illness in young children.

Abstract Background Studies have documented direct medical costs of influenza-related illness in young children, however little is known about the out-of-pocket and indirect costs (e.g., missed work time) incurred by caregivers of children with medically attended influenza. Objective To determine the indirect, out-of-pocket (OOP), and direct medical costs of laboratory-confirmed medically attended influenza illness among young children. Methods Using a population-based surveillance network, we evaluated a representative group of children aged Results Data were obtained from 67 inpatients, 121 ED patients and 92 outpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Caregivers of hospitalized children missed an average of 73 work hours (estimated cost $1456); caregivers of children seen in the ED and outpatient clinics missed 19 ($383) and 11 work hours ($222), respectively. Average OOP expenses were $178, $125 and $52 for inpatients, ED-patients and outpatients, respectively. OOP and indirect costs were similar between those with and without high risk conditions ( p > 0.10). Medical costs totaled $3990 for inpatients and $730 for ED-patients. Conclusions Out-of-pocket and indirect costs of laboratory-confirmed and medically attended influenza in young children are substantial and support the benefits of vaccination.
Comprehension of nonlexical categories in agrammatism

The focus of the paper is a proposal advanced by Grodzinsky (1984, 1986, 1990) concerning a possible syntactic deficit in agrammatism with respect to nonlexical categories. Eight native speakers of Serbo-Croatian, who presented a clinical picture of Broca's aphasia with agrammatism, were tested. Subject's sensitivity to traces and their knowledge of the inflectional and determiner system was investigated using a grammaticality judgment paradigm. The processing load was further minimized by use of short sentences that unequivocally exemplified different syntactic violations. These steps led to significant improvement in the performance of agrammatic aphasics, a result that is incompatible with the claim that the content of nonlexical elements is lost in agrammatism.
Prostate cancer: PSA testing in older men--are we following the guidelines?

PSA screening for prostate cancer has been a controversial topic for some time, particularly in relation to older men. In 2008, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended against routine screening for men age 76 years or over. But have these guidelines changed screening practice? The short answer is no.
Being an Interculturally Competent Instructor in the United States: Issues of Classroom Dynamics and Appropriateness, and Recommendations for International Instructors

Internationalization of college classrooms challenges international instructors, students, and their relationships. This chapter addresses these challenges and offers strategies for overcoming them.
The role of reflectivity in the scattering of light from surface ripples

Abstract Some earlier theories of scattering of light from surface ripples involved the reflectivity from an unperturbed surface as a fundamental factor in the scattering intensity. This formulation leads to substantial errors in the relative strengths of the Stokes and anti-Stokes intensities, and in the dependence of scattering intensity on polarization of light incident near the Brewster angle. Experimental results are presented to pinpoint the above errors and to demonstrate the validity of new formulations based on correctly considering the optical boundary conditions at a rippled surface.
Business stakeholder analyzer: An experiment of classifying stakeholders on the Web

As the Web is used increasingly to share and disseminate information, business analysts and managers are challenged to understand stakeholder relationships. Traditional stakeholder theories and frameworks employ a manual approach to analysis and do not scale up to accommodate the rapid growth of the Web. Unfortunately, existing business intelligence (BI) tools lack analysis capability, and research on BI systems is sparse. This research proposes a framework for designing BI systems to identify and to classify stakeholders on the Web, incorporating human knowledge and machine-learned information from Web pages. Based on the framework, we have developed a prototype called Business Stakeholder Analyzer (BSA) that helps managers and analysts to identify and to classify their stakeholders on the Web. Results from our experiment involving algorithm comparison, feature comparison, and a user study showed that the system achieved better within-class accuracies in widespread stakeholder types such as partner-sponsor-supplier and media-reviewer, and was more efficient than human classification. The student and practitioner subjects in our user study strongly agreed that such a system would save analysts' time and help to identify and classify stakeholders. This research contributes to a better understanding of how to integrate information technology with stakeholder theory, and enriches the knowledge base of BI system design. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.