cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene Density, Transcription, and Insulators Contribute to the Partition of the Drosophila Genome into Physical Domains

The mechanisms responsible for the establishment of physical domains in metazoan chromosomes are poorly understood. Here we find that physical domains in Drosophila chromosomes are demarcated at regions of active transcription and high gene density that are enriched for transcription factors and specific combinations of insulator proteins. Physical domains contain different types of chromatin defined by the presence of specific proteins and epigenetic marks, with active chromatin preferentially located at the borders and silenced chromatin in the interior. Domain boundaries participate in long-range interactions that may contribute to the clustering of regions of active or silenced chromatin in the nucleus. Analysis of transgenes suggests that chromatin is more accessible and permissive to transcription at the borders than inside domains, independent of the presence of active or silencing histone modifications. These results suggest that the higher-order physical organization of chromatin may impose an additional level of regulation over classical epigenetic marks.
Progressive Historians and the Historical Imagination in Austria: Heinrich Friedjung and Richard Charmatz

“ Alles flieβt ”—All things flow! Thus did the German-Austrian historian Richard Charmatz invoke Heraclitus to convey the sense of flux which characterized Austrian intellectual life before World War I. The sense of chronic, pervasive instability in late nineteenth-century Austrian society was the result of problems released by the solvents of liberal ideology, military defeat (in 1859 and 1866) and industrialization. In Danubian Europe, the discontents of modernity were experienced most acutely by the Germans, socially and culturally the most advanced of the nationalities of the Habsburg Monarchy. After 1848, the traditionally secure position of educated Germandom was threatened by the emergence of rival nationalisms, the growth of popular social protest, and the disintegration of a preindustrial value system. A culture accustomed to denying the Lebensfahigkeit of its neighbors was suddenly challenged by the need to demonstrate its own worth and capacity to survive. The Austro-German community reacted in a variety of ways; the result was a complex and extraordinarily rich cultural matrix which conditioned, on the one hand, the origins of psychoanalysis, logical positivism, musical atonality, and the philosophy of Wittgenstein, and nourished, on the other, the ideologies of Austro-Marxism, Christian Socialism, Zionism, and National Socialism. At the turn of the century, the capital of the backward “China of Europe” witnessed the birth of many of the major forces of contemporary history; cultural fecundity was the reflex of fear of decline and possible extinction.
The Biology of Recent Thymic Emigrants

The generation of the TCRαβ lineage of T cells occurs in the thymus through a series of orchestrated developmental events that result in a carefully selected population of CD4 or CD8 lineage–committed TCR+ thymocytes capable of recognizing foreign antigen in the context of self MHC. T cells first exit the thymus in a phenotypically and functionally immature state and require an approximately 3-week period of post-thymic maturation before transitioning into the mature T cell compartment. A greater understanding of recent thymic emigrant biology has come with the development of methods to exclusively identify and isolate this population for further characterization. I now review current knowledge about the phenotype and function of this key but understudied population of peripheral T cells.
ANDRAGOGY'S DETECTIVES: A CRITIQUE OF THE PRESENT AND A PROPOSAL FOR THE FUTURE

The empirical literature examining thle efficacy of andragogy remains, after over three decades, both inconclusive and beset by considerable variability in definition, resulting in differing approaches to andragogy's implementation. This empirical record, residing largely in unread dissertations, is critiqued svith a vieiv toward establishing criteria for an operational, researchable, consensus-based definition of Knowles'famousformulation. Seven such criteria are offered. Whether these-or other-criteria reach a kind of critical mass of agreementfor future investigators is open forfurther discussion. But the current muddle of definitions and implementations has effectually stalled research. Unless that discussion reaches some approximate consensus, adult education's mostfamiliar and most debated theory wvill remain a fragmented article offaith at best, afond illusion at wvorst.
Altered trans-Regulatory Control of Gene Expression in Multiple Anthocyanin Genes Contributes to Adaptive Flower Color Evolution in Mimulus aurantiacus

A fundamental goal in evolutionary biology is to identify the molecular changes responsible for adaptive evolution. In this study, we describe a genetic analysis to determine whether the molecular changes contributing to adaptive flower color divergence in Mimulus aurantiacus affect gene expression or enzymatic activity. High performance liquid chromatography analysis confirms that flower color differences are caused by the presence versus absence of anthocyanin pigments. Cosegregation analysis and in vitro enzymatic assays rule out mutations that affect enzymatic function in the anthocyanin pathway genes. By contrast, cosegregation of gene expression with flower color suggests that tissue-specific differences in pigment production are caused by the coordinated regulatory control of three anthocyanin pathway genes. We provide evidence indicating that these expression differences are caused by a locus that acts in trans- and explains 45% of the phenotypic variance in flower color. A second locus with sequence similarity to the R2R3 MYB family of transcription factors explains 9% of the variation but does so in a complex fashion. These results demonstrate one of only two examples where we have clear evidence of both the adaptive nature of a flower color transition and evidence for its genetic basis. In both cases, mutations appear to affect expression of the anthocyanin structural genes. Future studies will allow us to determine whether these differences represent a real bias in favor of mutations that affect gene expression.
Prognoseerstellung auf Personalcomputern

Die fortschreitende Verbreitung und gleichzeitige Leistungssteigerung von Personalcomputern ermoglicht sowohl einen zunehmenden Einsatz von Prognoseverfahren als auch die Umsetzung und Erprobung komplexerer Methoden. Oftmals wird jedoch ein Verfahren nur mittels eines verfeinerten Algorithmus realisiert bzw. werden mehrere Verfahren unabhangig voneinander zu einem Programmpaket verknupft. Fur den Anwender ergibt sich daher ein muhsamer Weg von der Erfassung der Rohdaten (Zeitreihenwerte) uber Verfahrensauswahl, Modellspezifikation und Parameterbestimmung hin bis zu seinen gewunschten Prognoseergebnissen.
Lack of Effects of Maternal Salt Intake on Blood Pressure of Offspring in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

Inbred Dahl salt sensitive (S/JR) and salt resistant (R/JR) rats were used to look for effects of varying maternal intake of salt (NaC1) on the blood pressure of the offspring. Neither the blood pressure at weaning nor the blood pressure response to postweaning high salt diet of S/JR or R/JR rat pups was affected whether their mothers had eaten high salt (8% NaCl) or low salt (0.15% NaCl) diet during gestation. Similarly, maternal salt intake during lactation had no effect on the blood pressure of the offspring at weaning or the blood pressure response to salt feeding after weaning. Na+ was higher and K+ was lower in milk of S/JR compared to R/JR mothers during the last half of the lactation period, but dietary salt intake did not influence milk Na+ or K+. Previous cross-fostering experiments show that this strain difference in milk electrolytes does not influence S pups blood pressure. It is concluded that neither maternal salt intake nor the existing changes in milk Na+ have any influence on the blood p...
Vertically Integrated Projects: Improving the Overall University Competition Experience

Beginning in 2009, Vertically Integrated Projects (VIP) courses have been implemented at Georgia Tech. These VIP classes allow undergraduate students to receive academic credit for participating on teams that further faculty research efforts. The teams are multidisciplinary, vertically-integrated, and long-term. Participation on these teams has been shown to help students develop an understanding of project timelines, and effective project communication, while gaining other applicable real-world experience.EcoCAR 3 is the latest in a series of Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions (AVTCs) sponsored by the Department of Energy since 1988. At Georgia Tech, the EcoCAR 3 team has been structured using the VIP program to improve the all-around experience of faculty members and the graduate and undergraduate students. Based on Georgia Tech’s previous experience in EcoCAR 1, the team leadership hoped to increase participation of undergraduate students, improve collaboration between students and faculty members, and raise retention levels. The team has shown improvements in each of these categories through implementation of the VIP program. Some of the primary challenges that the team experienced during the first year of competition are also presented here, along with plans for further improvement in future years of the competition.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Comparison of galectin expression signatures in rejected and accepted murine corneal allografts.

PURPOSE Although members of the galectin family of carbohydrate-binding proteins are thought to play a role in the immune response and regulation of allograft survival, little is known about the galectin expression signature in failed corneal grafts. The aim of this study was to compare the galectin expression pattern in accepted and rejected murine corneal allografts. METHODS Using BALB/c mice as recipients and C57BL/6 mice as donors, a total of 57 transplants were successfully performed. One week after transplantation, the grafts were scored for opacity by slit-lamp microscopy. Opacity scores of 3+ or greater on postoperative week 4 were considered rejected. Grafted corneas were harvested on postoperative week 4, and their galectin expressions were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS As determined by the Western blot analyses, galectins-1, 3, 7, 8 and 9 were expressed in normal corneas. Although in both accepted and rejected grafts, expression levels of the 5 lectins were upregulated compared with normal corneas, there were distinct differences in the expression levels of galectins-8 and 9 between accepted and rejected grafts, as both the Western blot and immunofluorescence staining revealed that galectin-8 is upregulated, whereas galectin-9 is downregulated in the rejected grafts compared with the accepted grafts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that corneal allograft rejection is associated with increased galectin-8 expression and reduced galectin-9 expression, support the hypothesis that galectin-8 may reduce graft survival, whereas galectin-9 may promote graft survival. As a potential therapeutic intervention, inhibition of galectin-8 and/or treatment with exogenous galectin-9 may enhance corneal allograft survival rates.
Persistent staining of lattice lines after intraoperative trypan blue use in patients with lattice corneal dystrophy.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to report the persistent staining of corneal lattice lines resulting from the intraoperative use of trypan blue. METHODS This is a case series. RESULTS Four patients with lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD) who underwent either deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty or cataract extraction with intraoperative trypan blue use demonstrated persistent, postoperative trypan staining of lattice lines on slit-lamp examination out to final follow-up (range, 176 to 541 days postoperatively). CONCLUSIONS This case series demonstrates the previously unreported finding that intraoperative trypan blue stains corneal lattice lines in LCD. Trypan blue staining, localized in previous laboratory studies to amyloid deposits, seems to persist for months or longer and may be permanent in human tissue. Although the staining was not visually significant, animal models suggest a stimulatory effect on progression of amyloidosis. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for permanent corneal staining and possible disease progression with the use of intraoperative trypan blue in patients with LCD.
Correlated-k Distribution Method for Atomic Radiation in Hypersonic Nonequilibrium flows

Radiation from the shock layer during atmospheric entry plays a significant role in the design of modern space vehicles, particularly in the design of the thermal protection system. This makes it necessary to predict the e ects of radiation accurately and, at the same time, e ciently for the optimum design of new generation space vehicles. Line-by-line calculations are the most accurate method to solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE); however, they are not practical because of their large computational cost. In this work a correlatedk distribution method has been developed for the most important atomic species (N and O, as well as their ions), which provides great accuracy with high numerical e ciency for the evaluation of radiative transfer in a hot plasma. Challenges posed by typical nonequilibrium gas conditions in the plasma were overcome by splitting the full spectrum into a number of nonoverlapping part-spectra. Results for one-dimensional inhomogeneous gas slabs are presented and compared with line-by-line benchmarks and the full-spectrum correlated-k (FSCK) model, showing very good accuracy in typical nonequilibrium gas conditions as are found in atmospheric reentry of space vehicles.
Governing Climate Engineering

This chapter traces the history of climate geoengineering over the past fifty years, assesses the promise and perils of solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal options, and briefly discusses options for governance.
Buprenorphine/naloxone addiction in a pharmacist as a result of migraine self-treatment

Abstract Objective: A unique case report is presented to demonstrate addiction in a pharmacist through the use of buprenorphine/naloxone film for the self-prescribed treatment of migraine headaches. Case Summary: A 35-year-old female hospital pharmacist was admitted to treatment for opioid use disorder for using buprenorphine/naloxone film to self-medicate her migraine headaches. After daily use of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone, and several failed attempts to discontinue use, the pharmacist was admitted to a partial hospitalization treatment program. She was prescribed sumatriptan subcutaneous injection for her migraines, while maintaining buprenorphine/naloxone abstinence. Upon completion, the pharmacist transitioned to the aftercare program, where she maintains sobriety and uses her story to help aid in other patients' recoveries at the treatment center. Discussion: Addiction and substance abuse affect a substantial number of health care professionals. Pharmacists are particularly vulnerable to pres...
Study on Hand Foot and Mouth Disease in Erqi District in 2009 Year

Objective To study hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD)epidemiological characteristics and provide a basis for intervention measures.Methods We analyzed the data on HFMD Surveillance System Special Report in 2009.Results The peak incidence of HFMD was from the March to July.Most cases were pre-school children,whose age were most 3 or under 3 years old.The sex ratio was boys significantly more than girls.The main pathogen were EV71 and CA16 infection.Conclusion HFMD occured mainly in younger age groups,so the prevention and control of pre-school children should focus,in particular the management of children in preschools.
The Sexual Stratification Hypothesis Is the Decision to Arrest Influenced by the Victim/Suspect Racial/Ethnic Dyad?

The sexual stratification hypothesis suggests that criminal justice responses to sexual victimization will differ depending on the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad. Previous research examining the sexual stratification hypothesis has primarily focused on court processes, and the small body of literature examining arrest decisions is dated. There remains substantial opportunity for testing the sexual stratification hypothesis at response stages apart from the court level (i.e., arrest). Using quantitative data on 655 sexual assault complaints that were reported to the Los Angeles County Sherriff’s Department (LASD) and the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) in 2008, this study examines the effect of the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad on the decision to arrest. Findings suggest that police consider the victim/suspect racial/ethnic dyad when making arrest decisions. In addition, victim characteristics, strength of evidence indicators, and measures of case factors predict the police decision to make an ...
Renal abscess: a changing concept.

AbstractGram-negative organisms are now the most prevalent bacterial species found in renal abscesses. We postulate an ascending pathway for establishment of gram-negative abscesses. Voiding cystourethrography should be used in search of reflux. Surgical treatment remains the standard but early diagnosis may increase the effectiveness of parenteral antibiotics as definitive therapy.
An implicit three-dimensional model for describing the inelastic response of solids undergoing finite deformation

The aim of this paper is to develop a new unified class of 3D nonlinear anisotropic finite deformation inelasticity model that (1) exhibits rate-independent or dependent hysteretic response (i.e., response wherein reversal of the external stimuli does not cause reversal of the path in state space) with or without yield surfaces. The hysteresis persists with quasistatic loading. (2) Encompasses a wide range of different types of inelasticity models (such as Mullins effect in rubber, rock and soil mechanics, traditional metal plasticity, hysteretic behavior of shape memory materials) into a simple unified framework that is relatively easy to implement in computational schemes and (3) does not require any a priori particular notion of plastic strain or yield function. The core idea behind the approach is the development of an system of implicit rate equations that allow for the continuity of the response but with different rates along different directions. The theory, which is in purely mechanical setting, subsumes and generalizes many commonly used approaches for hypoelasticity and rate-independent plasticity. We illustrate its capability by modeling the Mullins effect which is the inelastic behavior of certain rubbery materials. We are able to simulate the entire cyclic response without the use of additional internal variables, i.e., the entire response is modeled by using an implicit function of stress and strain measures and their rates.
Acceleration and Parallelization of ZENO/Walk-on-Spheres

This paper describes our on-going work to accelerate ZENO, a software tool based on Monte Carlo methods (MCMs), used for computing material properties at nanoscale. ZENO employs three main algorithms: (1) Walk on Spheres (WoS), (2) interior sampling, and (3) surface sampling. We have accelerated the first two algorithms. For the sake of brevity, the paper will discuss our work on the first one only as it is the most commonly used and the acceleration techniques were similar in both cases.WoS is a Brownian motion MCM for solving a class of partial differential equations (PDEs). It provides a stochastic solution to a PDE by estimating the probability that a random walk, which started at infinity, will hit the surface of the material under consideration. WoS is highly effective when the problem's geometry is additive, as this greatly reduces the number of walk steps needed to achieve accurate results. The walks start on the surface of an enclosing sphere and can make much larger jumps than in a direct simulation of Brownian motion. Our current implementation represents the molecular structure of nanomaterials as a union of possibly overlapping spheres. The core processing bottleneck in WoS is a Computational Geometry one, as the algorithm repeatedly determines the distance from query point to the material surface in each step of the random walk.In this paper, we present results from benchmarking spatial data structures, including several open-source implementations of k-D trees, for accelerating WoS algorithmically. The paper also presents results from our multicore and cluster parallel implementation to show that it exhibits linear strong scaling with the number of cores and compute nodes; this implementation delivers up to 4 orders of magnitude speedup compared to the original FORTRAN code when run on 8 nodes (each with dual 6-core Intel Xeon CPUs) with 24 threads per node.
Genetic variation in Pinus strobiformis growth and drought tolerance from southwestern US populations

The persistence of some tree species is threatened by combinations of novel abiotic and biotic stressors. To examine the hypothesis that Pinus strobiformis Engelm., a tree threatened by an invasive forest pathogen and a changing climate, exhibits intraspecific genetic variation in adaptive traits, we conducted a common garden study of seedlings at one location with two watering regimes using 24 populations. Four key findings emerged: (i) growth and physiological traits were low to moderately differentiated among populations but differentiation was high for some traits in water-stressed populations; (ii) seedlings from warmer climates grew larger, had higher stomatal density and were more water-use efficient (as measured by the carbon isotope ratio) than populations from colder climates; (iii) seedlings from the northern edge of the species' distribution had lower water-use efficiency, higher stomatal conductance, slower growth and longer survival in a lethal drought experiment compared with seedlings from more southern populations; and (iv) based on non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses, populations clustered into southern and northern groups, which did not correspond to current seed transfer zones. Our discovery of a clinal geographic pattern of genetic variation in adaptive traits of P. strobiformis seedlings will be useful in developing strategies to maintain the species during ongoing climate change and in the face of an invasive pathogen.
Reactive power compensation for reliability improvement of power systems

This paper investigates the effects of reactive power support limits on power system reliability. In evaluating the reliability of power systems, several load curtailments are caused by voltage limit violations which can be alleviated using reactive power support. The existing methods of estimating the effects of voltage limit violations and reactive power limits do not provide the amount of reactive power support that is required to alleviate the violations. The presented work provides a quantitative measure of reactive power compensation for reliability improvement. This measure is based on constructing a probability distribution function for the required reactive power compensation. Reliability indices of Loss of Load Expectation and Expected Unserved Energy are used to estimate the lack of reactive power support. A non-linear, AC power flow based model is used to accurately represent system load curtailment remedial actions. A state space reduction technique is utilized to reduce the computation time. The proposed method is applied on the modified IEEE RTS and results show the improvement of power system reliability due to reactive power compensation.
Peirce and the Trivialization of the Self-Corrective Thesis

The aims of this chapter are two-fold: first and primarily, to identify and to summarize the development of an important but hitherto unnoticed tradition in 19th-century methodological thought, and secondly, to suggest that certain aspects of the history of this tradition give us a new perspective from which to assess certain strains in contemporary philosophy of science. In Part I below, I attempt to define this tradition, to document its existence, and to note some features of its evolution. In Part II, I briefly indicate the manner in which this history may shed new light on some recent trends in inductive logic.
Specific Transcendental Phenomenological Procedures

Phenomenology was defined in the last chapter as a descriptive, eidetic science of transcendentally purified mental life-processes in the natural transcendental attitude. When seized upon in reflection those processes, moreover, are found to exhibit a noetic-noematic plane of demarcation according to which all actional and secondary passive mental life-processes are founded on and “presuppose” all primary passive mental life-processes (although the converse is not the case). This noetic-noematic plane of demarcation provided a clue for determining the correct methodic order in which the step-by-step transcendental phenomenological refrainings and reductions are to be carried out by means of what Husserl called “abstractive” or, perhaps better expressed, “discriminatory,” procedures that will reveal and objectivate the variously reduced strata of oriented constitution. By making explicit these procedures for refraining from the general positing in which the naturalness of the natural transcendental attitude consists it will be possible at the same time to critically examine the specific context in which Husserl introduces the notion of oriented constitution in the Fifth Cartesian Meditation: objectivation of the constituting of the “primordial quasi-objective world.”
Freshwater inflow requirements for the Nueces Delta, Texas: Spartina alterniflora as an indicator of ecosystem condition

Estuarine wetlands and salt marshes are fundamentally driven by variations in freshwater inflow. However, many estuaries have been subject to a heavily modified hydrology due to flood protection engineering and the construction of upstream dams for municipal water supply. Assessment of the impacts of these activities on the health of estuarine wetlands has traditionally focused on tracking the abundance of economically important shellfish and finfish species. In this study, we examine fluctuations in the abundance of selected salt marsh plants and use this information to develop estimates of freshwater inflow needs. The impact of freshwater inflow events on 3 common emergent plants in the Nueces River Delta ( Spartina alterniflora , Borrichia frutescens , Salicornia virginica ) was determined from long-term monitoring of permanent census plots. Of the 3 species examined, Spartina alterniflora was determined to be the best indicator species because its abundance most closely tracked variations in freshwater inflow. For example, under low salinity conditions S. alterniflora cover approached 66%. However, when salinities exceeded 25‰, S. alterniflora cover declined rapidly. Our results provide clear evidence that the presence or absence of key plant indicator species (in this case S. alterniflora ) is reflective of overall estuarine hydrological condition over time scales exceeding 6 months.
The Issue Preclusive Effect of Arbitration Awards

Courts in the United States have two primary means (in addition to individual adjudication) by which to resolve disputes in which numerous claimants have claims against a defendant that raise the same or similar issues. The first is the class action, in which the class representative brings suit on behalf of similarly situated but absent plaintiffs. A judgment in the class action (assuming that a class has been certified) binds the defendant and the absent class members. Since the Supreme Court’s decisions in Concepcion and Italian Colors, however, businesses can reduce if not avoid the risk of class actions by using arbitration clauses with class arbitration waivers in their standard form contracts with consumers and employees. When businesses use such contract provisions, disputes are to be resolved in individual arbitration, with no aggregation of claims either in arbitration or in court. The second primary means of resolving duplicative litigation of similar claims is the doctrine of issue preclusion (also referred to as collateral estoppel). Issue preclusion bars a party from relitigating an issue that was resolved in a prior case involving the same party or parties. The issue must have been fully and fairly litigated and actually decided in the prior case, and only a party to the prior litigation or one in privity with a party is bound by the prior judgment. But a non-party to the prior case can, in appropriate circumstances, rely on issue preclusion against a party to the prior case (what is called “nonmutual issue preclusion”) and preclude relitigation of the issue — i.e., hold the other party bound by the resolution of that issue in the prior case. This paper examines the extent to which arbitration awards have issue preclusive effect, such that issue preclusion might substitute for class actions when businesses use arbitration clauses with class waivers. It further suggests that the law governing issue preclusion in arbitration might develop in ways parallel to the law governing class actions and arbitration: with businesses using “issue preclusion waivers” to avoid the issue preclusive effect of awards, consumers and employees challenging such waivers as unenforceable, and businesses relying on FAA preemption in response.
Who’s on first? Tracking in real time the growth of multiple crystalline phases of an organic semiconductor: Tetracene on SiO2

We have examined the effect of growth rate on the evolution of two polymorphs of thin films of tetracene on SiO2 using synchrotron X-ray radiation and molecular beam techniques. Ex situ X-ray reflectivity shows that tetracene forms two phases on SiO2: a thin-film phase and a bulk phase. We have used in situ, real-time grazing incidence diffraction during growth to reveal the nature of growth concerning these two phases. We observe that there is initially growth of only the thin-film phase, up to a thickness of several monolayers. This is followed by the nucleation of the bulk phase, growth of both phases, and finally growth of only the bulk phase. We find that the deposited thickness when the bulk phase nucleates increases with increasing growth rate. Similarly, we find that the deposited thickness at which the thin-film phase saturates also increases with increasing growth rate. These apparent dependencies on growth rate are actually a consequence of the local coverage, which depends on growth rate, particularly for the former effect. At low growth rates, there is 3D growth resulting from the upward transport of tetracene at island edges, resulting in tall features where molecules escape the influence of the substrate and form into the bulk phase. Increasing the growth rate leads to growth that is more 2D and uniform in coverage, delaying the formation of the bulk phase.
Keynote address Wednesday: Hardware inference accelerators for machine learning

Machine learning (ML) technologies have revolutionized the ways in which we interact with large-scale, imperfect, real-world data. As a result, there is rising interest in opportunities to implement ML efficiently in custom hardware. We have designed hardware for one broad class of ML techniques: Inference on Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs). In these graphs, labels on nodes encode what we know and “how much” we believe it; edges encode belief relationships among labels; statistical inference answers questions such as “if we observe some of the labels in the graph, what are most likely labels on the remainder?” These problems are interesting because they can be very large (e.g., every pixel in an image is one graph node) and because we need answers very fast (e.g., at video frame rates). Inference done as iterative Belief Propagation (BP) can be efficiently implemented in hardware, and we demonstrate several examples from current FPGA prototypes. We have the first configurable, scalable parallel architecture capable of running a range of standard vision benchmarks, with speedups up to 40X over conventional software. We also show that BP hardware can be made remarkably tolerant to the low-level statistical upsets expected in end-of-Moore's-Law nanoscale silicon and post-silicon circuit fabrics, and summarize some effective resilience mechanisms in our prototypes.
Pain in the Pelvic Rehabilitation Patient

The treatment and rehabilitation of pelvic pain is a relatively new discipline that predominantly affects women of reproductive age. Recognition and treatment of these conditions requires a knowledgeable and sensitive practitioner as well as active coordination with physical therapy co-managing these patients.
Evaluation of European Corn Borer Resistance in Hardy Chrysanthemum

Resistance of 12 yellow and 12 bronze chrysanthemum cultivars to the European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), was evaluated in laboratory studies. Yellow cultivars ‘Freedom’, ‘Classic’, ‘Compatriot’, and ‘Fortune’ and bronze cultivar ‘Pancho’ had significantly lower infestation percentages. In field monitoring of chrysanthemum grown in commercial nurseries, the cultivar ‘Fireside Cushion’ was significantly lower at both nurseries, with cultivars ‘Buckeye’, ‘Grenadine’, and ‘Viking’ also having significantly lower infestation percentages. A significant positive correlation between infestation levels and stem diameters indicated stem thickness may be an indicator of host plant resistance.
P006 The reduced long-term immunological risk in liver-contained visceral allograft recipients

Aim Intestinal transplantation (ITx) with or without liver graft is a valid treatment for patients with intestinal failure. The impact of immune-protective effect of the liver allograft in ITx recipient is not fully understood, necessitating an analysis of immunological response due to extra carriage of donor lymphoid tissues from liver allograft. Methods During 2012–2016, 67 ITx including 11 re-grafting were performed with 11 (16%) liver-contained grafts. Immunosuppressive induction with alemtuzumab or thymoglobulin was used less frequently in 2/11 (17%) liver-contained, compared to 54/56 (96%) liver-free allograft recipients. The outcome measures included acute cellular rejection (ACR), graft survival, de- novo donor specific antibody (dDSA), and acute graft vs. host disease (aGVHD). Results Rejection-free rate of liver-free graft was significantly lower than that of liver-contained (Fig. 1A). However, all the ACR of liver-contained graft was reversible without graft loss. dDSA was detected in 3 (27%) liver-contained, and 7 (13%) liver-free allograft recipients ( p = 0.40). aGVHD occurred and resulted in death in 2 (18%) recipients of liver-contained allograft, opposed to none of liver-free ( p p = 0.50) (Fig. 1B). Conclusions Considering immune-protective effect of liver allograft, reduced immunosuppressive induction was used in liver-contained ITx recipients, resulting in an increased ACR rate with a sustained aGVHD risk. However, the long-term outcome was improved with immune-protective effect of liver allograft. Download high-res image (145KB) Download full-size image
Expansion of the non-classical monocyte pool predicts elevated mood disturbance in post-menopausal women with and without HIV infection

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection is associated with expansion of the non-classical monocyte pool. These monocytes transmigrate across the blood-brain-barrier and induce proliferation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although this expansion has been linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, associations with psychological functioning are unclear. Flow cytometric analysis yielded the proportion of gated non-classical, intermediate and classical monocytes in 22 post-menopausal women (11 HIV+ and 11 HIV-negative) aged 55.77 years (SD = 6.32). A regression model tested variance in the proportion of non-classical monocytes accounted for by HIV status and scores on the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Accounting for HIV status, mood disturbance accounted for 28% of the variance in non-classical monocytes, R2 = 0.275, F(2,21) = 3.69, p = 0.047. For every 1 unit increase in mood disturbance, the proportion of non-classical monocytes increased by nearly 10%, B = 0.096, SE = 0.04, t = 2.59 p = 0.018. However, HIV status did not predict variance in the proportion of mononuclear cells B = 1.18, SE = 2.37, t = 0.498, p > 0.05, suggesting expansion of the non-classical monocyte pool is associated with increasing levels of mood disturbance, independent of HIV infection. More work is needed to determine whether peripheral or neural-inflammation resulting from activation of non-classical monocytes potentially drives and/or may be driven by distress in HIV positive individuals.
Behavior of Symbiotic Fishes and Sea Anemones

Due to a general misunderstanding of de Bary’s (1879) original definition, there has been much confusion during the past century regarding the term “symbiosis” and its subcategories. Fortunately, this situation now seems to have been corrected. Many texts and standard reference works, such as that edited by Henry (1966), now correctly consider symbiosis simply to mean a “living together,” as originally defined by de Bary. Under this allinclusive heading are grouped the three major subdivisions of “mutualism,” “commensalism,” and “parasitism ”(Allee et al., 1949; Davenport, 1955; Noble and Noble, 1964; Henry, 1966).
How many lymph nodes is enough? Defining the optimal lymph node dissection in stage I-III gastric cancer using the National Cancer Database.

4034Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is the primary therapeutic modality. However, the appropria...
Protein profiling of water and alkali soluble cottonseed protein isolates

Currently, there is only limited knowledge on the protein types and structures of the cottonseed proteins. In this work, water-soluble cottonseed proteins (CSPw) and alkali-soluble cottonseed proteins (CSPa) were sequentially extracted from defatted cottonseed meal. Proteins of the two fractions were separated by 4–20% gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); There were 7 and 12 polypeptide bands on SDS-PAGE of CSPa and CSPw, respectively. These individual bands were then excised from the gel and subjected to mass spectrometric analysis. There were total 70 polypeptides identified from the proteins of the two cottonseed preparations, with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 381 kDa. While many proteins or their fragments were found in multiple bands, 18 proteins appeared only in one SDS-PAGE band (6 in CSPa, 12 in CSPw). Putative functions of these proteins include storage, transcription/translation, synthesis, energy metabolism, antimicrobial activity, and embryogenesis. Among the most abundant are legumin A (58 kDa), legumin B (59 kDa), vicilin C72 (70 kDa), vicilin GC72-A (71 kDa), and vicilin-like antimicrobial peptides (62 kDa). This work enriched the fundamental knowledge on cottonseed protein composition, and would help in better understanding of the functional and physicochemical properties of cottonseed protein and for enhancing its biotechnological utilization.
Simple Bounds for the Probability of False Alarm to Design Sensor Detection Systems Using the Scan Statistic

In a distributed sensor system to detect a target emitter in a large region of interest, only a small subset of sensors is close enough to the emitter to collect strong measurements, which motivates the use of fusion rules based on the scan statistic. However, it is difficult to design the scan statistic fusion rule because the analytical derivation of the probability of false alarm is intractable. Elaborate upper bounds for such a probability are available; however, they are difficult to apply and are applicable only in certain scenarios and conditions. Simple upper bounds are also available; however, they are usually dismissed for being too loose and leading to too conservative designs. This paper argues that, when designing sensor detection systems at typical configurations, one of these simple upper bounds (the product bound) is not as loose and the resulting design is not as conservative as generally considered. A simple lower bound is also proposed to allow a designer evaluate how conservative the resulting design is. This paper further shows that, for a large class of distributions, the design based on the product bound becomes less and less conservative as the size of the region increases. Application of the results to scenarios with irregular sensor placement is also presented.
Student Paraprofessionals in School Psychology: Practices and Possibilities.

Paraprofessional program development in school psychology is discussed with a focus on student paraprofessional models. Presented is a rationale for the paraprofessional helper concept, an overview...
Wnt signaling in human cancer.

Activation of the Wnt pathway can proceed through at least three downstream signaling cascades mediating various cellular effects. We have described several findings that suggest important roles for the Wnt pathway in the development of human cancer. This role is not completely surprising considering the critical importance of this pathway in directing cell proliferation, migration and differentiation during vertebrate embryonic development.
Beauty’s radical

If we loosen Western thought’s grip on language, maybe nothing dies—‘death’ is just a name for a change in form (Nhat Hanh, 2016). Nothing dies, and everything changes. So, to claim that postmodern...
Exploring the Attack Surfaces in Blockchain Enabled Smart Cities

With the development of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology, the notion of smart city concept comes to reality. Smart city covers a broad range of scenarios for citizens in their everyday life, such as smart home, smart traffic and smart healthcare. However, considering the IoT technology itself still under security threats, smart city security and resilience is a critical factor for truly embracing the smart age of everyday life. Current technology has a difficult time providing security in smart city architectures because of its decentralized and distributed nature. As a recently new technology, Blockchain uses a decentralized and distributed security approach to adding security to a decentralized and distributed IoT system. This paper presents a blockchain based solution to provide security and resilience in smart cities and analyze potential security concerns in the integration of blockchain technology into smart city infrastructure. Each of the concerns are discussed in detail.
Automatic segmentation of bone surfaces from ultrasound using a filter-layer-guided CNN

Ultrasound (US) provides real-time, two-/three-dimensional safe imaging. Due to these capabilities, it is considered a safe alternative to intra-operative fluoroscopy in various computer-assisted orthopedic surgery (CAOS) procedures. However, interpretation of the collected bone US data is difficult due to high levels of noise, various imaging artifacts, and bone surfaces response appearing several millimeters (mm) in thickness. For US-guided CAOS procedures, it is an essential objective to have a segmentation mechanism, that is both robust and computationally inexpensive. In this paper, we present our development of a convolutional neural network-based technique for segmentation of bone surfaces from in vivo US scans. The novelty of our proposed design is that it utilizes fusion of feature maps and employs multi-modal images to abate sensitivity to variations caused by imaging artifacts and low intensity bone boundaries. B-mode US images, and their corresponding local phase filtered images are used as multi-modal inputs for the proposed fusion network. Different fusion architectures are investigated for fusing the B-mode US image and the local phase features. The proposed methods was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated on 546 in vivo scans by scanning 14 healthy subjects. We achieved an average F-score above 95% with an average bone surface localization error of 0.2 mm. The reported results are statistically significant compared to state-of-the-art. Reported accurate and robust segmentation results make the proposed method promising in CAOS applications. Further extensive validations are required in order to fully understand the clinical utility of the proposed method.
Promising Practices and Challenges: E-advising Special Education Rural Graduate Students:

Rural graduate students face numerous barriers and obstacles in attending higher education. One such obstacle is academic advising from a distance. The intent of the authors was to examine the advi...
Preclassic Maya Houses and Rituals: Excavations at the Karinel Group, Ceibal

The site of Ceibal was founded around the beginning of sedentary life in the Maya lowlands. Excavations at the Karinel Group within the site reveal domestic structures and ritual deposits dating to the Middle Preclassic, Late Preclassic, and Terminal Preclassic periods (c. 1000 BC–AD 300). The results complement data from Ceibal's Central Plaza and publications on early households in other regions of the lowlands, inviting future investigations of temporal and geographic variation in Preclassic Maya domestic rituals.
Islam and sectarian violence in Pakistan: terror within

Nearly three decades ago, the noted political scientist Samuel Huntington started an enduring narrative of clash of civilizations, where the Judeo-Christian world, in particular, is locked in an et...
Study of Dynamic Reactive Power Support of Synchronous Condenser on UHV AC/DC Hybrid Power System

As the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, UHV AC and DC power transmission and transformation projects have been put into operation successively, the Inner Mongolia area power grid has become UHV AC/DC hybrid power system. However, the development of AC and DC projects is not balanced. The characteristics of “strong DC and weak AC” are obvious. Especially, when the sending end auxiliary thermal power unit is connected to the high voltage AC and DC hybrid power grid, it will be bound to affect the safe and stable operation of the UHV power grid, and the stability of the transmission end system is difficult to be guaranteed. The high capacity synchronous condenser can improve the short circuit ratio of DC power transmission system in AC/DC power grid, enhance the dynamic voltage support capacity of the AC power grid and improve the stability of the power grid. This paper takes the regional power grid of the transmission end of the xilinhaote to Taizhou of jiang su ultra-high voltage dc transmission project (hereinafter referred to as the “Xitai DC”) as the research object, using Power System Analysis Software Package simulation software, through simulation to carry out the comparison analysis. From the angle of AC and DC transmission capacity and single end trip of line, it comprehensively evaluates influence of synchronous condenser on the stability level of the power grid. The results show that the synchronous condenser has good dynamic voltage support ability and strong short-time overload ability and can effectively improve the stability level of UHV AC and DC hybrid power grid.