cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arthur Waley and Amy Lowell: A Note

R T H U R Waley's translations from the Chinese attracted widespread attention when some of them were printed in 1917 in the Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies} More followed in other periodicals, both British and American, and in July 1918 his collection A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems was published by Constable. It was shortly to be called "one of the most memorable books of recent years," a judgment amply confirmed by subsequent critics. Alfred Knopf inquired soon afterwards about an American edition. It came out in May 1919, and an advertisement for the book appeared in The New Republic of May 31 quoting from an endorsement which Knopf had obtained from Amy Lowell, and which she authorized him to use in his publicity. (Miss Lowell's letter, dated 22 May 1919, was recently acquired by the Alexander Library on the William Allen Chapman Fund.) The comment heading the advertisement reads: "No better translations have so far appeared of Chinese poetry. He has given the real feeling of Chinese poetry, its clarity, its suggestion, its perfect humanity. There is no other translation of Chinese poetry now available with anything like the merit of this. AMY L O W E L L . " Mr. Knopf did not indicate the ellipsis which he made between the first and second sentences of Miss Lowell's letter to him. The sentence which he excised was: " I have been working lately on Chinese poetry with a friend of mine who lives in China, so I know whereof I speak, and while I do not always agree with Mr. Waley's renderings of those poems with which I am familiar, he has done what nobody else has." Her reservation brings out that she and Florence Ayscough saw themselves as com-
Quantum noise in large-scale photonic circuits

We describe a simulation approach for studying quantum-mechanical noise in large-scale nonlinear optical circuits. We apply this model to predict the behavior of a 4-bit counter circuit containing several hundred optical components.
Role of confrontation in performance and interpretation of nocturnal penile tumescence studies.

Abstract Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) studies were performed in 39 men complainingof erectile impotency. In over half the cases, the tracings alone without the results of monitoring did not allow conclusive determination of cause or suggest a reasonable treatment. Results of technician-monitoring of erections, and the patient's reaction to confrontation with the erections achieved, allowed a rational basis for treatment in most cases. NPT testing should be (1) monitored, and (2) used as an adjunct to planning treatment for, but not to determine cause of, erectile impotency.
Unusual presentation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma with clinical course mimicking fever of unknown origin and sepsis: autopsy study of five cases.

Aim To describe a subset of cases with the unusual clinical and histomorphological presentation of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) mimicking fever of unknown origin (FUO) and sepsis.
A field-sweep/field-lock system for superconducting magnets--Application to high-field EPR.

Abstract We describe a field-lock/field-sweep system for the use in superconducting magnets. The system is based on a commercially available field mapping unit and a custom designed broad-band 1 H NMR probe. The NMR signal of a small water sample is used in a feedback loop to set and control the magnetic field to high accuracy. The current instrumental configuration allows field sweeps of ±0.4 T and a resolution of up to 10 −5 T (0.1 G) and the performance of the system is demonstrated in a high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) application. The system should also be of utility in other experiments requiring precise and reproducible sweeps of the magnetic field such as DNP, ENDOR or PELDOR.
Improved beta detection efficiency with granular aluminum superconducting strips

Abstract Irradiation of granular aluminum (g-Al) superconducting strips by betas with energies in the minimum-ionizing range has demonstrated a high detection efficiency. An efficiency of almost 70% was found for 0.5 μm wide g-Al strips operating at a temperature of 1.4–1.7 K. This is a very encouraging result for this new concept of a high-resolution tracking detector, which could be used in future colliding-beam accelerators such as the proposed Superconducting Super Collider or other large hadron colliders. As was found earlier with X-ray irradiation, the experiments are accurately described by our thermal-propagation model.
High-Resolution X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy as a Probe of Local Atomic Structure: Application to Amorphous Si O 2 and the Si-Si O 2 Interface

The chemical structure of thin Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ films and Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-Si interfaces has been investigated using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The data are consistent with a continuous random network of four-, six-, seven-, and eight-member rings of Si${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ tetrahedra joined together by bridging oxygens. This distribution changes substantially within 30 \AA{} of the Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-Si interface. The near-interface region is comprised of ${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, SiO, and ${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$O. This structure is interpreted by means of a structure-induced-charge-transfer model.
Ideological parallels between the New Left and the New Right

Abstract Antagonistic ideologies often exhibit parallels of thought and action. New Left and New Right ideologies, for example, both attack the bureaucratization of society and an inequality of social and political power. And both the New Left and the New Right call for an end to pervasive alienation and for the re-creation of a genuine community. These ideologies then show striking similarities in their critiques of American society and in their preferred states of affairs. Possible explanations of this parallelism—that the two ideologies are variants of extremism or that both movements emerge from the same class background—are examined and found wanting. Taking a cue from Seliger, I then suggest that this instance of ideological parallelism instead occurs because the New Left and the New Right both confront the basic social and political problems of an advanced industrial society.
Electric quadrupole moments for H2+, H2 and H3+ from a point charge model

Abstract Electric quadrupole moments calculated for H 2 + , H 2 and H 3 + using a point charge model are found to agree, with an average error of about 10%, with accurate values from the literature. The model uses bond lengths and vibrational stretching force constants as input and yields primitive molecular electronic structures as output.
Gastrointestinal digesta passage and fermentation patterns associated with restricted intake of a low-quality forage in ewes

Abstract Six Rambouillet crossbred, rumen cannulated ewes were randomly assigned to either ad libitum (48.8 gDM/day/W 0.75 ) or restricted (18.0 gDM/day/W 0.75 ) intake of wheatgrass hay ( Agropyron spp.) to evaluate the influence of severely restricted forage intake on ruminal fluid kinetics, fermentation and rate of passage. Three trials were conducted with 21 d adaptation and 6 d collection periods. Particulate and fluid passage rates did not differ ( P >0.05) between the restricted and the ad libitum fed ewes, but reflected some intake differences. Gastrointestinal fill was greater ( P P P P >0.05) between treatment groups except for isobutyric and isovaleric which were higher in restricted ewes. Results suggest that severe forage intake restriction caused longer retention time of digesta, greater fill and ruminal ammonia nitrogen but did not influence concentrations of the major ruminal volatile fatty acids.
Evidence for a western extension of the Angaran phytogeographic province in the Early Permian

Abstract A newly described Early Permian fossil plant assemblage in the Mt. Dall conglomerate in the Farewell terrane (Alaska Range, USA) is analyzed from a paleobiogeographic perspective. These data constitute the youngest paleontological dataset yet discovered in this terrane, represent the terrane's only predominantly terrestrial fossil assemblage, and are the only plant macrofossil remains of Early Permian age within a > 1500 km radius today. A suite of multivariate statistical analyses comparing the Mt. Dall paleoflora to similar age (Asselian–Artinskian) collections from the Angaran, Euramerican, and Cathaysian Permian phytogeographic provinces reveals that the Mt. Dall paleoflora has a paleobiogeographic affinity with Sub-Angaran plant fossil assemblages collected from Mongolia and the Primorye region of southeastern Russia. The paleoflora has dual importance in the construction and testing of hypotheses for which there are geographically and temporally few controls. First, these data may be used in association with other faunal and floral remains to test models of the assembly of Alaska, which seek, in part, an understanding of the paleogeographic and lithological origins of accreted terranes. That the Mt. Dall paleoflora indicates mixed Eurasia–North America paleobiogeographic affinity among individual taxa and plots in multivariate space with mid-latitude assemblages on northern Pangea may suggest deposition in that latitudinal belt. Second, contrary to the well-sampled fossil plant-bearing Permo-Carboniferous of the paleotropics and the northeastern temperate Pangean regions (Angaraland), terrestrial biome structure and vegetation type of northwestern Pangea are poorly known. This lack of understanding is due to the paucity of paleofloral collections from this region in this time period and the paleogeographic uncertainty of their position along the ancient active margin of Laurentia. The Mt. Dall paleoflora's phytogeographic affinity to paleobotanical collections from the northeastern Pangea therefore suggests that the Angaran province extended meridionally westward in the Early Permian into what is now northern North America.
Process name resolution in fault-intolerant csp programs

Process Name resolution is an important problem in fault-tolerant CSP programs. This paper gives a solution to the naming problem of reconfigured CSP program. The solution is discussed in the context of super process scheme and is based on a proposed implementation of CSP language. The advantages of the solution are two-fold: first, it does not change the communication conventions of CSP; second, it does not impose any extra overhead on the underlying operating system.
The Effect of Sodium Arsenite on the Respiration of Bovine Semen and the Relation of this Response to the Fertilizing Ability of Semen

Abstract Treatment of bovine semen with a low concentration of buffered sodium arsenite (5×10 –10 M) increased the mean O 2 uptake of the semen studied. A high concentration (10 –5 M) slightly decreased the mean O 2 uptake and a still higher concentration (10 –3 M) decreased O 2 uptake when compared to O 2 uptake of untreated semen. The response of O 2 uptake to sodium arsenite varied greatly according to the individual semen sample. When the individual semen sample response was related to the fertilizing capacity of the semen, a negative relationship was found. The degree of relationship was statistically significant but not close enough to be of practical value for accurate prediction of semen quality.
Critical role of lipid peroxidation in carbon tetrachloride-induced loss of aminopyrine demethylase, cytochrome P-450 and glucose 6-phosphatase.

Abstract Liver microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase. cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine demethylase all decrease rapidly in the CCl4-poisoned rat. It has been suggested that such enzyme loss may be due to direct attack on enzyme catalytic sites by free radical cleavage products of CCl4 metabolism. An alternate view has favored the suggestion that peroxidative decomposition of lipids is an intermediate link between initial homolytic cleavage of the CCl3-Cl bond and eventual loss of these enzymes. We have subjected these two ideas to a critical test. In an anaerobic system in vitro containing liver microsomes supplemented with an NADPH-generating system, and in the presence of EDTA, all added CCl4 is metabolized in 90 min. About one-third appears as CHCl3 amd most of the remainder is covalently bound to microsomal lipids and proteins. In this anaerobic system in vitro there is no evolution of malonic dialdehyde. During the period of conversion of CCl4 to CHCl3, when extensive binding of 14C from 14CCl4 is also taking place, there was no detectable loss of either glucose 6-phosphatase or cytochrome P-450, and aminopyrine demethylase activity decreased minimally. In the same system, under aerobic conditions and without EDTA, there is vigorous lipid peroxidation and all three of these enzyme systems decrease markedly. These experiments demonstrate conclusively that CCl3-Cl bond cleavage and covalent binding of products of CCl4 metabolism do not constitute a mechanism for loss of microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase, cytochrome P-450 or aminopyrine demethylase for the particular anaerobic conditions employed in vitro. By extension they suggest, but do not prove, that covalent binding of CCl4 carbon probably does not constitute a mechanism for CCl4-induced loss of these enzymes in vivo. Rather, these experiments support the view that lipid peroxidation is an obligatory link between initial CCl3-Cl bond cleavage and loss of these enzymes.
Influence of loading conditions and contractile state on pulmonary venous flow. Validation of Doppler velocimetry.

BACKGROUNDAlthough recent studies suggest that pulmonary venous flow velocities may be used to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function, the influence of loading conditions and contractile state on the magnitude and pattern of pulmonary venous flow are poorly understood.METHODS AND RESULTSFourteen anesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs were instrumented with pulmonary venous flow probes, atrial sonomicrometer crystal paris, and high-fidelity micromanometers; transesophageal Doppler echocardiography was used to obtain simultaneous pulmonary venous flow velocities. Measurements were made over a wide range of left atrial pressure obtained by either intravascular volume infusion and inferior vena caval balloon inflation (n = 8), halothane inhalation (n = 6), or phenylephrine infusion (n = 5). There was an excellent correlation for pulmonary venous systolic (J) to diastolic (K) time integral between the Doppler and flow probe signal (r = 0.94; SEE, 0.18). When left atrial pressure was increased by volume inf...
Comparison of the low-contrast detectability of a screen-film system and third generation computed radiography.

Contrast‐detail (CD) analysis was used to compare the low‐contrast detectability of computed radiography (CR) and screen‐film (SF) as applied to the task of adult chest radiography. A phantom was constructed and imaged using the same exposure factors throughout all experiments. Within‐observer variance, between‐observer variance, and image sample variance were calculated and used to estimate the standard error for each experiment. The results of these CD experiments agreed with the predictions of the Rose model. Observers performed equally well for low‐contrast target detection using CR and SF.
The role of phospholipids in the Ca2+ binding of isolated cardiac sarcolemma.

Abstract The major characteristics of the Ca 2+ binding of isolated cardiac sarcolemma can be reproduced by the Ca 2+ binding of vesicles prepared from phospholipids extracted from sarcolemma. The extracted phospholipid vesicles account for a large fraction of the sarcolemmal Ca 2+ binding which suggests that other sarcolemmal components (e.g. protein and sialic acid) bind lesser amounts of Ca 2+ . Removal of sialic acid (57%) with neuraminidase decreases Ca 2+ binding of sarcolemma by about 13%. The ability of different pure phospholipid vesicles to bind Ca 2+ is assessed. This, together with sarcolemmal phospholipid analysis, suggests that phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol are important Ca 2+ -binding molecules in cardiac sarcolemma. The Ca 2+ binding of vesicles prepared from pure phospholipids mixed in the relative proportion in which they are present in sarcolemma is similar to that of vesicles of extracted sarcolemmal phospholipids. The Ca 2+ binding of cardiac sarcolemma has previously been correlated with myocardial contractility. It is speculated that phospholipids have a role in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. In addition the use of deoxyribonuclease in the isolation of sarcolemmal membranes from rabbit ventricles is described. Use of this enzyme results in an increase in both the purity and yield of sarcolemma in a fraction found at a density of 1.11 g/ml on a sucrose gradient.
A Comparative Multinuclear Relaxation Study of Protein-DMSO and Protein-Water Interactions

Abstract A comparative multinuclear relaxation study of DMSO-protein and water-protein interactions has been undertaken to discover whether cross relaxation between water and protein protons proceeds mainly by proton-exchange or direct dipolar interactions. The analysis suggests that the proton-exchange mechanism dominates the cross relaxation from water. In contrast, the high efficiency of dipolar cross relaxation in DMSO-protein gels, which lack exchangeable protons, arises from an unusually long lifetime of DMSO molecules at the protein interface. These results are important for understanding the origin of image contrast in clinical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and the nature of protein-solvent interactions in nonaqueous systems.
Rare association of female pseudohermaphroditism, phallic urethra, and posterior cloaca

We describe a child with the rare clinical entity of female pseudohermaphroditism, accessory phallic urethra, and posterior cloaca who was successfully treated with posterior sagittal anorectovaginourethroplasty. Masculinization was limited to the external genitalia, and no chromosomal, metabolic, or adrenal abnormalities were detected. Associated pathology included bilateral vesicoureteric reflux, a non functioning dysplastic kidney, and bicornuate uterus. The investigation and surgical management of this particularly challenging combination of anomalies is detailed.
Multiple in vivo pathways for Escherichia coli small ribosomal subunit assembly occur on one pre-rRNA

Processing of transcribed precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) to a mature state is a conserved aspect of ribosome biogenesis in vivo. We developed an affinity-purification system to isolate and analyze in vivo-formed pre-rRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles (rRNPs) from wild-type E. coli. We observed that the first processing intermediate of pre-small subunit (pre-SSU) rRNA is a platform for biogenesis. These pre-SSU-containing RNPs have differing ribosomal-protein and auxiliary factor association and rRNA folding. Each RNP lacks the proper architecture in functional regions, thus suggesting that checkpoints preclude immature subunits from entering the translational cycle. This work offers in vivo snapshots of SSU biogenesis and reveals that multiple pathways exist for the entire SSU biogenesis process in wild-type E. coli. These findings have implications for understanding SSU biogenesis in vivo and offer a general strategy for analysis of RNP biogenesis.
Mining iron: Iron uptake and transport in plants

Iron uptake in plants is highly regulated in order to supply amounts sufficient for optimal growth while preventing excess accumulation. In response to iron deficiency, plants induce either reduction-based or chelation-based mechanisms to enhance iron uptake from the soil. Genes involved in each mechanism have been identified from various model plants including Arabidopsis and rice. Iron transport within plants is also tightly controlled. New information has emerged on transporters that play a role in xylem loading and phloem loading/unloading of iron, and on the iron chelators involved in iron homeostasis. Some of the components regulating iron deficiency responses also have been elucidated, demonstrating that iron dependent gene regulation occurs at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
Crossing anxious borders: teaching across the quantitative-qualitative 'divide'

This paper is about teaching and learning across the so‐called quantitative–qualitative divide in light of current debates in the US about the definition and quality of educational research. It draws on the author’s research and teaching experiences, her role in the redesign of qualitative methods coursework and participation in a school‐wide effort to improve doctoral training at Harvard Graduate School of Education. The paper explores institutional, cultural and psychological reasons for why the quantitative–qualitative divide persists, including researchers’ own anxieties. It is argued that epistemological tensions in educational research should be sustained and embraced rather than resolved in favor of one side over the other, as is too often the case. The author identifies how qualitative research departs from the quantitative model, placing distinct demands upon students who are learning the craft, and offers suggestions for what might help the process.
Computationalism and the causal role of content

L'intuition commune postule qu'une action est determinee causalement par le contenu des pensees de l'agent. Contre cette idee, l'A. developpe un argument mecaniste, inspire de l'informatique, dont il defend une a une les premisses
Hard Si–N–C coatings produced by pulsed glow discharge deposition

Abstract Hard Si–N–C films with different concentration of carbon were obtained using pulsed glow discharge deposition (PGD) at 4 kV pulsed voltage. The gases used in this study were silane (SiH4), nitrogen (N2) and acetylene (C2H2). The FTIR analysis of the films showed the existence of bonds between all components of the ternary system. The absence of separation of the structure into binary components such as silicon nitride and carbon nitride leads to the high hardness of the films.
Use of charcoal to minimize end product inhibition in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose

Tests made to improve saccharification of cellulose byTrichoderma cellulases showed that charcoal used as an adsorbent minimized the end product inhibition. Charcoal adsorbed both cellobiose and glucose and did not affect the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Results showed that charcoal is as effective as β-glucosidase in improving the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose.
Subclavian—Pulmonary Artery Shunts with Polytetrafluoroethylene Interposition Grafts

Systemic-pulmonary artery shunts remain an important treatment in cyanotic patients. Central shunts continue to pose early and late problems when standard Blalock-Taussig shunts are not possible. Twenty patients underwent subclavian-pulmonary artery shunt procedures with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prostheses between October, 1980, and August, 1982. Their ages ranged from 1 day to 15 years; 11 patients were less than 14 days old. The arterial oxygen tension rose from 30.7 +/- 11.9 mm Hg to 51.3 +/- 9.1 mm Hg (standard deviation; p less than 0.001) and from 26.4 +/- 7.5 mm Hg to 50.5 +/- 9.3 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) among the 11 neonates. There were no hospital deaths and only 2 late deaths (not shunt related). All patients have patent shunts and excellent relief of cyanosis. The 18 survivors have been followed for an average of 19 months (range, 7 to 29 months). No patient has required reoperation for shunt inadequacy or thrombosis. Recatheterization in 11 patients has demonstrated normal pulmonary pressures and good pulmonary artery growth without vessel distortion. Subclavian-pulmonary shunts using PTFE provide long-term palliation in cyanotic patients. This type of shunt appears to offer important advantages over other shunt procedures, including the classic Blalock-Taussig operation, in newborns.
The discrete Fourier transform algorithm for determining decay constants—Implementation using a field programmable gate array

Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) uses the exponential decay constant of light exiting a high-finesse resonance cavity to determine analyte concentration, typically via absorption. We present a high-throughput data acquisition system that determines the decay constant in near real time using the discrete Fourier transform algorithm on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). A commercially available, high-speed, high-resolution, analog-to-digital converter evaluation board system is used as the platform for the system, after minor hardware and software modifications. The system outputs decay constants at maximum rate of 4.4 kHz using an 8192-point fast Fourier transform by processing the intensity decay signal between ringdown events. We present the details of the system, including the modifications required to adapt the evaluation board to accurately process the exponential waveform. We also demonstrate the performance of the system, both stand-alone and incorporated into our existing CRDS system. Details of FPGA, microcontroller, and circuitry modifications are provided in the Appendix and computer code is available upon request from the authors.
Photocycle and photoreversal of photoactive yellow protein at alkaline pH : Kinetics, intermediates, and equilibria

Since the habitat of Halorhodospira halophila is distinctly alkaline, we investigated the kinetics and intermediates of the photocycle and photoreversal of the photoreceptor photoactive yellow protein (PYP) from pH 8 to 11. SVD analysis of the transient absorption time traces in a broad wavelength range (330-510 nm) shows the presence of three spectrally distinct species (I1, I1', and I2') at pH 10. The spectrum of I1' was obtained in two different ways. The maximal absorption is at 425 nm. I1' probably has a deprotonated chromophore and may be regarded as the alkaline form of I2'. At pH 10, the I1 intermediate decays in approximately 330 micros in part to I1' before I1 and I1' decay further to I2' in approximately 1 ms. From the rise of I2' (approximately 1 ms) to the end of the photocycle, the three intermediates (I1, I1', and I2') remain in equilibrium and decay together to P in approximately 830 ms. Assuming that the spectra of I1, I1', and I2' are pH-independent, their time courses were determined. On the millisecond to second time scale, they are in a pH-dependent equilibrium with a pKa of approximately 9.9. With an increase in pH, the I1 and I1' populations increase at the expense of the amount of I2'. The apparent rate constant for the recovery of P slows with an increase in pH with a pKa of approximately 9.7. The equal pH dependence of this rate and the equilibrium concentrations follows, if we assume that the equilibration rates between the intermediates are much faster than the recovery rate and that the recovery occurs from I2'. The pKa of approximately 9.9 is assigned to the deprotonation of the phenol of the surface-exposed chromophore in the I1'-I2' equilibrium. The I1-I1' equilibrium is pH-independent. Photoreversal experiments at pH 10 with the second flash at 355 nm indicate the presence of only one I2-like intermediate, which we assign on the basis of its lambda(max) value to I2'. After the rapid unresolved photoisomerization to I2'(trans), the reversal pathway back to P involves two sequential steps (60 micros and 3 ms). The amplitude spectra show that I1'(trans) and I1(trans) intermediates participate in this reversal.
Strain differences in the expression of dopamine D1 receptors in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar rats.

Abstract The Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rat is a stress-sensitive strain that is prone to depressive-like behavior in various experimental paradigms. While recent work has highlighted a role for dopamine (DA) in the pathology of depression, research on the WKY rat has also suggested that dysfunction of DA pathways may be an important component of the behavior in this strain. Previous work has demonstrated differential patterns of DA transporter sites, DA D2 and D3 receptors in WKY rats compared to control strains. To further this work, the present study utilized autoradiographic analysis of [ 3 H]-SCH23390 binding to DA D1 receptors in various brain regions of naive male WKY and Wistar (WIS) rats. The results revealed a significant strain difference, with WKY rats demonstrating lower D1 binding in the caudate putamen and regions of the nucleus accumbens ( p p
Two-dimensional transferred-echo double resonance study of molecular motion in a fluorinated polycarbonate

Abstract A two-dimensional version of the transferred-echo double resonance (TEDOR) experiment is introduced to measure strong heteronuclear magnetic dipolar interactions between rare spins. A quantitative description of this 2D-TEDOR experiment is given for an I–S pair of spins undergoing relative motion. 2D-TEDOR calculations are consistent with data for a calibration model: the directly bound 13 C – 31 P pair in [3- 13 C ] glyphosate, HO331P13CH2NHCH2COOH. Analysis shows that the indirect spin–spin interaction and the dipole–dipole interaction have opposite signs in this system. The 2D-TEDOR experiment is then used to measure heteronuclear 13 C – 19 F interactions in a fluorinated polycarbonate in which an aromatic proton is replaced by a fluorine on every fourth ring. Results from the 2D-TEDOR experiment show that the aromatic ring flips that occur in ordinary polycarbonate are blocked for a fluorinated ring.
The cytomegaloviruses: ubiquitous agents with protean clinical manifestations. II.

Epidemiologic Aspects Distribution of CMV Surveys of unselected newborn infants in four cities in the United States and England indicate that some 1 per cent enter the world with an active infectio...
Quality improvement in ambulatory surgery — the US perspective

Abstract Continuous evaluation of performance and outcomes leading to improvement is currently the focus of continuous quality improvement (CQI) programmes in ambulatory surgery. This can be implemented by developing clinical indicators and acceptable thresholds that are relevant to daily practice, easy to measure and can be used to initiate the analytic process. Collection of data without the ability to analyse it or develop corrective measures is futile. A cooperative effort between physicians, nurses, administrators and other personnel is essential in identifying the responsible individuals for facilitating the programme. Steps in developing a hospital-integrated and free-standing facility are provided and several examples described.
Bureaucratic politics in the Soviet Union and in the Ottoman Empire

(1987). Bureaucratic politics in the Soviet Union and in the Ottoman Empire. Comparative Strategy: Vol. 6, Strategy and governmental organization, pp. 333-362.
Characterization of Vertical Interconnects in 3-D System in a Package

A novel RF MEMS integration technology was developed to achieve the three-dimensional integration of microwave and millimeter-wave components and sub-circuits with improved performance using multilayer vertical interconnects. This technology, which allows planar circuits to be monolithically stacked vertically in three dimensions (3D), provides one of the major initial steps in the realization of a “system in a package.” To process high-aspect-ratio via interconnects in 3D MMIC multilayer circuitry, combination of unique microelectronic and traditional MEMS microfabrication technologies were used. Based on these techniques, a set of test structures were successfully fabricated to facilitate the vertical interconnect characterization. Experimental results revealed that at microwave frequencies, e.g. X band (8–12 GHz), the vertical interconnect discontinuities contributed significantly to the insertion loss and the phase change. With the available advanced conductor loss models, lumped-element equivalent circuit models were derived from the via module measurements. Using quarter wavelength T-junction resonator structures, polyimide was also characterized for its microwave properties over a wide frequency range. Multilayer vertically interconnected transmission line circuits were monolithically processed and used to verify the derived electrical models.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Clinical features and risk of recurrence among patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.

Abstract Objective. The best treatment modality and factors affecting recurrence among women with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) are yet to be determined. The aims of the current study were to describe the clinical features, results of treatment, and factors affecting recurrence among patients with VAIN. Methods. We conducted a retrospective review of 121 women with VAIN after confirming the histologic diagnosis. Patient demographics, clinical features, and results of therapy were recorded. Factors affecting recurrence were assessed using the odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals among patients who were followed up for 7 months or more and had at least one posttreatment Papanicolaou smear. Significant univariate odds ratios were assessed jointly in a multivariate model with a stratified analysis. Results. The mean age of the patients was 35.0 (±17), 41% of the patients smoked, 39% had a history of human papillomavirus infection, 27% had history of sexually transmitted diseases, 22% had history of surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 23% had total hysterectomy. The upper third of the vagina was the most common site of VAIN and 61% of the lesions were multifocal. Associated cervical and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) were present in 65 and 10%, respectively. Recurrences of VAIN and progression to invasive vaginal cancer occurred in 33 and 2%, respectively. Recurrences following partial vaginectomy, laser, and 5-fluorouracil were 0, 38, and 59%, respectively ( P = 0.0001). Multifocality and method of treatment were significant independent predictors of VAIN recurrences (odds ratio 3.3, 95% CI 1.2, 9.2, P = 0.02, and 22.4, 95% CI 1.3, 393.6, P = 0.001, respectively), with no interaction, based on a stratified analysis. Conclusions. VAIN occurs most often among women with CIN or VIN, commonly involves the upper third of the vagina, and is often multifocal. Partial vaginectomy provides the highest cure rate and multifocality is a risk factor for recurrence.
Automatically annotating topics in transcripts of patient-provider interactions via machine learning.

Background. Annotated patient-provider encounters can provide important insights into clinical communication, ultimately suggesting how it might be improved to effect better health outcomes. But annotating outpatient transcripts with Roter or General Medical Interaction Analysis System (GMIAS) codes is expensive, limiting the scope of such analyses. We propose automatically annotating transcripts of patient-provider interactions with topic codes via machine learning. Methods. We use a conditional random field (CRF) to model utterance topic probabilities. The model accounts for the sequential structure of conversations and the words comprising utterances. We assess predictive performance via 10-fold cross-validation over GMIAS-annotated transcripts of 360 outpatient visits (>230,000 utterances). We then use automated in place of manual annotations to reproduce an analysis of 116 additional visits from a randomized trial that used GMIAS to assess the efficacy of an intervention aimed at improving communicat...
Volatile constituents of balsam poplar: The phenol glycoside connection

Abstract The volatile metabolites of balsam poplar winter-dormant buds are a complex array of mono- and sesquiterpenoids with 1,8-cineol, trans-nerolidol and (+)-(1R,1′R)-α-bisabolol being the major components. On the other hand the volatiles of internodes (stems between buds) consist mainly of salicaldehyde and (+)-6-hydroxycyclohexanone with minor amounts of cyclohexan-1,2-dione and an unidentified compound. This is the first report of these cyclohexanones as natural products; salicortin, a phenol glycoside, appears to be their biosynthetic precursor. A second phenol glycoside, trichocarpin, is present in poplar internodes; and it is the progenitor of trichocarpigenin (benzyl gentisate), an easily formed artifact.
Trace metal residues in biota and sediments from Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana.

As part of the continuing studies to characterize and identify chemical pollutants in natural bodies of water and as part of a preliminary study of the nutrient and toxic substances chemistry for the three passes into Lake Pontchartrain, the present study was conducted to establish baseline values to twelve USEPA priority pollutant trace metals in indigenous biota and sediment samples from the three passes of Lake Pontchartrain. The twelve metals included arsenic, beryllium, copper, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, thallium, selenium, chromium, silver, and zinc.
Diagnosis and Treatment of the Major Hepatotropic Viruses

The hepatotropic viruses currently include hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, and are associated with a spectrum of acute and chronic liver disease syndromes. The epidemiology and natural history of each are discussed, with emphasis on uncommon or newly recognized clinical presentations. The serodiagnosis of hepatitis A, B, and D is well established; the serodiagnosis of hepatitis C and E continues to evolve as serologic and virologic assays become refined. Hepatitis A and E only cause acute liver injury; current medical approaches therefore focus on vaccination strategies. Hepatitis B, C, and D can cause both acute and chronic liver injury. Sequelae of chronic liver disease, including portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma, are not uncommon. Medical therapy of resulting chronic liver disease currently consists of interferon, though other anti-viral strategies are being explored. Advanced chronic liver disease due to hepatitis B, C, or D can be treated by orthotopic liver transplantation, but viral recurrence is near uniform and can be problematic. Further study of the hepatotropic viruses at the molecular biologic, epidemiologic, and clinical levels will continue to provide greater insight into the diagnosis and management of their associated clinical syndromes.
Modification of Impulsive Visual Discrimination Performance

The present investigation was concerned with the question of whether or not the visual discrimination performances of primary-grade; conceptually impulsive school children could be modified by altering the directions and administration procedures of a visual discrimination match-to-sample test. An experimental/ control group, matched-subjects design was used, with 16 subjects matched for age randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. The data indicated that (a) an impulsive conceptual tempo can successfully be modified to improve visual discrimination test performance, and (b) it is quite possible to underestimate the visual discrimination capacities of young, impulsive children.
Development of quasi half coax lines for wafer level packaging

A 50 ohm micromachined interconnect is designed, fabricated, and measured as a broadband interconnect that is compatible with the standard thickness of wafers. It is developed in two applications: a transition from a commercially available 1 mm connector launch assembly to wafer based systems and an interconnect within wafer level designs. S-parameter measured data is shown for coaxially launched structures up to 35 GHz and for probed launched structures up to 50 GHz. The on-wafer probe launched interconnect exhibits less than 1.1 dB/cm of attenuation at 50 GHz, reflections less than 15 dB across 50 GHz, and 2.5 times less dispersion than a planar microstrip with comparable dimensions.
Freezing Vibrational Energy Flow: A Fitness Function for Interchangeable Computational and Experimental Control†

We develop a fitness functional for freezing molecular energy flow that relies only on experimental observables. The functional allows us to implement a modular control algorithm where simulation data and experimental data can be used interchangeably. This interchangeability could be useful as a spectroscopic tool and for reactive control because the controllability of the experimental system and its model can be compared directly. The fitness functional performs as well as functionals based on complete knowledge of the wave function. We compare our simulation results with an analytical theory of control, and find good agreement between the simulated and predicted times over which the system can be controlled.
Generalized parallel-server fork-join queues with dynamic task scheduling

This paper introduces a generalization of the classical parallel-server fork-join queueing system in which arriving customers fork into multiple tasks, every task is uniquely assigned to one of the set of single-server queues, and each task consists of multiple iterations of different stages of execution, including task vacations and communication among sibling tasks. Several classes of dynamic polices are considered for scheduling multiple tasks at each of the single-server queues to maintain effective server utilization. The paper presents an exact matrix-analytic analysis of generalized parallel-server fork-join queueing systems, for small instances of the stochastic model, and presents an approximate matrix-analytic analysis and fixed-point solution, for larger instances of the model.
Is better best

The revolution in scientists' ability to identify and manipulate genes has spurred all sorts of ethical debates, but an equally profound revolution--in brain science--is attracting amazingly little attention. Progress in many areas of neuroscience promises not only to reveal how the brain works in general but to provide information about intentions, thoughts and feelings as well as the mental aberrations that plague so many. Sophisticated imaging tools are enabling scientists to see which parts of the brain are active at any given time and to observe the effects of drugs, fear or other stimuli. Because the structure and activities of the human brain influences mental health and behavior much more directly than genes do, it is very likely that advances in the ability to "read" the brain will be exploited as much as, or more than, knowledge of genetics for such purposes as screening job applicants, diagnosing and treating disease, determining who qualifies for disability benefits and, ultimately, enhancing the brain. It is hard to argue that anything is fundamentally wrong with trying to detect and ameliorate brain disease. But those efforts nonetheless raise serious issues similar to those arising from the ability to perform genetic testing and therapy.
Characterization of large array of plasmonic nanoparticles on layered substrate: dipole mode analysis integrated with complex image method

In this paper, an efficient analytical method for characterizing large array of plasmonic nanoparticles located over planarly layered substrate is introduced. The model is called dipole mode complex image (DMCI) method since the main idea lies in modeling a subwavelength spherical nanoparticle at its electric scattering resonance with an induced electric dipole and representing the electromagnetic (EM) fields of this electric dipole over the layered substrate in terms of finite complex images. The major advantages of the proposed method are its accuracy and rapid calculation in characterizing various kinds of large periodic and aperiodic arrays of nanoparticles on layered substrates. The computational time can be reduced significantly in compared to the traditional methods. The accuracy of the theoretical model is validated through comparison with numerical integration of Sommerfeld integrals. Moreover, the analytical results are compared well with those determined by full-wave finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. To demonstrate the capability of our technique, the performances of large arrays of nanoparticles on layered silicon substrates for efficient sunlight energy incoupling are studied.
Philosophy and the Practice of Bayesian Statistics in the Social Sciences

We view Bayesian data analysis--the iterative process of model building, posterior inference, and model checking--as fitting well within an error-statistics or hypothetico-deductive philosophy of science, with posterior inference playing the role of "normal science," model checking allowing falsification, and model building providing the potential for progress in normal science (for small changes in a model) or scientific revolutions (for larger re-evaluations). Our practical experience and corresponding philosophy differs in from usual presentations of the philosophy of statistics in two ways. First, we consider posterior probabilities to be a form of scientific measurement rather than as subjective statements of belief. Second, we perform Bayesian model checking by comparing predictions to observed data (in a generalization of classical statistical hypothesis testing), rather than by attempting to compute posterior probabilities of competing models. This chapter presents our own perspective on the philosophy of Bayesian statistics, based on our idiosyncratic readings of the philosophical literature and, more importantly, our experiences doing applied statistics in the social sciences and elsewhere. Think of this as two statistical practitioners' perspective on philosophical and foundational concerns. What we bring to the table are our substantive claims about actual social science research, and we attempt to explain those practices here. We are motivated to write this chapter out of dissatisfaction with what we perceive as the standard view of the philosophical foundations of Bayesian statistics. Here's what we take as the standard view: - Bayesian inference--"inverse probability"--is subjective and inductive, learning about the general from the particular. The expression p(H|y) says it all: the Bayesian learns the probability that a hypothesis H is true, given data. In the conventional view, this is completely different from classical frequentist statistics which is based on null hypothesis testing, that is, falsification. 3
The use of flow cytometry to detect expression of subunits encoded by 11 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium fimbrial operons

The Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) genome contains 13 putative fimbrial operons termed agf (csg), fim, pef, lpf, bcf, saf, stb, stc, std, stf, sth, sti and stj. Evidence for in vitro expression of fimbrial proteins encoded by these operons is currently only available for agf, fim and pef. We raised antisera against putative major fimbrial subunits of S. Typhimurium, including AgfA, FimA, PefA, LpfA, BcfA, StbA, StcA, StdA, StfA, SthA and StiA. Elaboration of StcA on the bacterial surface could be detected by flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy after expression of the cloned stcABCD operon from a heterologous T7 promoter in Escherichia coli. To study the expression of fimbrial antigens in S. Typhimurium by flow cytometry, we constructed strains carrying deletions of agfAB, pefBACDI, lpfABCDE, bcfABCDEFG, stbABCD, stcABC, stdAB, stfACDEFG, sthABCDE or stiABCDE. Using these deletion mutants for gating, expression of fimbrial antigens was measured by flow cytometry in cultures grown in vitro or in samples recovered 8 h after infection of bovine ligated ileal loops with S. Typhimurium. FimA was the only fimbrial antigen expressed by S. Typhimurium after static growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth. Injection of static LB broth cultures of S. Typhimurium into bovine ligated ileal loops resulted in the expression of BcfA, FimA, LpfA, PefA, StbA, StcA, StdA, StfA and StiA. These data show that in vivo growth conditions drastically alter the repertoire of fimbrial antigens expressed in S. Typhimurium.