cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SODIUM RETENTION WITH HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AND ITS SUBFRACTIONS

The administration of 10 mg. of human growth hormone within four hours produced a mean retention of approximately 30 mEq. of sodium and potassium per twenty-four hours in 3 of 5 normal subjects receiving a constant dietary intake; there was no change in urinary aldosterone. In 2 there was slight retention—without the rise in aldosterone that was found in a more prolonged study. Urinary sodium decreased after administration of human growth hormone in 2 patients with primary aldosteronism who had been refractory to daily intramuscular injections of 20 mg. of desoxycorticosterone acetate for four days. The magnitude of sodium retention was increased in primary aldosteronism, possibly because of the potassium-depleted state. Sodium retention was also observed in a bilaterally adrenalectomized subject after human growth hormone was administered. Results indicate that sodium retention with human growth hormone in man is independent of aldosterone secretion.
Progesterone attenuation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulation of phosphoinositol hydrolysis in hypothalamus of estrogen-primed female rats

These experiments examined whether the previously observed abolition by progesterone (P) of alpha 1-adrenergic potentiation of adenylyl cyclase activity in brain slices of estrogen-primed female rats is attributable to a reduced capacity of alpha 1-adrenoceptors to stimulate phosphoinositol hydrolysis. In preoptic area and hypothalamic slices from ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, both norepinephrine (NE) and the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PHE) were robust stimulators of inositol phosphate (IP) formation. The NE response was completely blocked by the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin. PHE-induced IP formation in tissue from OVX females exposed for 48 h to estrogen alone was comparable to that in OVX controls. In hypothalamic tissue from OVX rats given estrogen plus P, NE and PHE activation of phosphoinositol hydrolysis was attenuated. Both chlorethylclonidine, an irreversible antagonist of alpha 1b-adrenoceptors, and 5-methylurapidil, an alpha 1a-selective antagonist, reduced NE-induce...
Sequestering CO2 for Short-Term Storage in MOFs: Copolymer Synthesis with Oxiranes

It is presently well-established that the synthesis of polycarbonates or cyclic carbonates from metal-catalyzed reactions of CO2 and oxiranes provides a viable industrial process for the production of these important chemicals. In this study, we have demonstrated that CO2 collected under aerobic conditions at atmospheric pressure over [Cu3(btc)2(H2O)3] (btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) or HKUST-1, a commercially available metal–organic framework material (MOF), can be utilized to synthesize poly(propylene carbonate) from propylene oxide and CO2 catalyzed by Co(III) salen catalysts at optimal pressure. That is, CO2 thermally released from the MOF material selectively affords copolymer in the pressure range that is not rate-limiting. Similar results were noted for the copolymerization of the much less reactive cis-2-butylene oxide monomer with CO2. Comparative studies using CO2 provided directly from a compressed gas source gave similar results. This investigation provides a baseline study for the practi...
Compensation of progressive radial run-out in face-milling by spindle speed variation

This paper investigates the use of spindle speed variation to compensate for progressive radial run-out in the face-milling process. Machine setup errors like spindle axis tilt, cutter axis tilt and cutter center offset result in radial and axial run-out on the inserts. Cutter center offset, in particular, results in progressive radial run-out on the inserts which can be compensated by continuously varying the spindle speed in a sinusoidal pattern. The amplitude and phase of the sinusoidal trajectory significantly influence the capability of this technique for run-out compensation. A method is proposed for selection of optimal values of the speed variation amplitude and phase based on the idea of matching the chip load pattern under variable speed machining conditions in the presence of progressive radial run-out with that of constant speed machining in the absence of any run-out. Experiments performed with optimal values of the speed variation parameters show a significant reduction in the cutting force component at the spindle frequency and a shift in the frequency content of cutting force from the harmonics of the spindle frequency to those of the tooth passing frequency. An industrial implementation strategy of the proposed scheme is also presented that integrates run-out estimation with its subsequent compensation.
Study of Transcrystallization in Polymer Composites

Transcrystallization of semicrystalline polymers, such as PEEK, PEKK and PPS, in high performance composites has been investigated. It is found that PPDT aramid fiber and pitch-based carbon fiber induce a transcrystalline interphase in all three polymers, whereas in PAN-based carbon fiber and glass fiber systems, transcrystallization occurs only under specific circumstances. Epitaxy is used to explain the surface-induced transcrystalline interphase in the first case. In the latter case, transcrystallization is probably not due to epitaxy, but may be attributed to the thermal conductivity mismatch. Plasma treatment on the fiber surface showed a negligible effect on inducing transcrystallization, implying that surface-free energy was not important. A microdebonding test was adopted to evaluate the interfacial strength between the fiber and matrix. Our preliminary results did not reveal any effect on the fiber/matrix interfacial strength of transcrystallinity.
Parent-Adolescent Problem-Solving Interactions and Drug Use

This study reports on the social problem-solving interactions of young adolescents in single-parent and intact families on substance-specific and nonsubstance-related issues. Although research has shown die impact of families on adolescent substance use, all of die previous results have been based on questionnaire or interview data. A sample of 128 families was selected from a larger sample of 763 within a longitudinal study of adolescent substance use. Parent(s) and one adolescent, aged 11–15, participated in interactions which were videotaped for later coding. In three standard scenarios, the families discussed fictional assignments from a health class teacher about the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. In addition, they discussed an issue salient to diem that was the source of recent conflict. Results showed that aversive affective behavior was more likely to be displayed by substance-using adolescents, whether or not die issue was drug-related. Mothers' and fathers' alcohol use was also shown...
One-gas models with height-dependent mean molecular weight: Effects on gravity wave propagation

Many models of the thermosphere employ the one-gas approximation where the governing equations apply only to the total gas and the physical properties of the gas that depend on composition (mean molecular weight and specific heats) are height-dependent. It is further assumed that the physical properties of the gas are locally constant; thus motion-induced perturbations are nil. However, motion in a diffusively separated atmosphere perturbs local values of mean molecular weight and specific heats. These motion-induced changes are opposed by mutual diffusion of the constituent gases, which attempts to restore diffusive equilibrium. Assuming that composition is locally constant is equivalent to assuming that diffusion instantaneously damps the changes that winds attempt to produce. This is the limit of fast diffusion. In the limit of slow diffusion, gas properties are constant (conserved) following the motion but are perturbed locally by advection. An analysis of the static stability shows that composition effects significantly change the static stability, with greater changes for the slow-diffusion limit than for the fast-diffusion limit. We have used a one-gas full-wave model to examine the effects of wave-perturbed composition on gravity waves propagating through the lower thermosphere. We have augmented the conventional system (fixed gas properties) with predictive equations for composition-dependent gas properties. These equations include vertical advection and mutual diffusion. The latter is included in parameterized form as second-order scale-dependent diffusion. We have found that the fast diffusion implied by locally fixed properties has a significant effect on the dynamics. Predicted temperatures are larger for locally fixed composition than for conserved composition. The simulations with parameterized mutual diffusion gave results that are much closer to the results for conserved gas properties than for fixed properties. We found that the divergence between the fast and slow limits was greatest for fast waves and for colder thermospheres. This is because the propagation characteristics of fast waves are sensitive to changes in the static stability and because compositional gradients are stronger for colder thermospheres. We conclude that future models that use the one-gas approximation for fast waves in the lower thermosphere should include, at minimum, the simplification of conserved rather than fixed properties, especially for colder thermospheres.
The influence of deep trench and substrate resistance on the latchup robustness in a BiCMOS silicon germanium technology

This paper will demonstrate the effect of deep trench (DT) on the latchup robustness of an 0.13 /spl mu/m 200 GHz BiCMOS SiGeC HBT technology. Guard ring efficiency is evaluated using deep trench guard ring structures and compared to standard p+ and n-well guard ring structures. The latchup robustness is evaluated using pnpn structures with a deep trench perimeter on the edge of the well structure. Latchup robustness of pnpn structures is evaluated as a function of trench depth where the deep trench serves as a guard ring for the n-well region. Key latchup metrics, such as turn-on, trigger and sustaining voltage and current conditions, for a range of p+/n+ spacings as a function of trench depth, and external well and external substrate resistance is quantified. Trigger contours in a linear-logarithm space of trench depth and substrate resistance form a design space for optimization of latchup. Experimental results show that utilizing deep trench structure, and substrate contact spacing allows for latchup robustness in a low doped p-substrate wafer technology.
Measuring age-dependent myocardial stiffness across the cardiac cycle using MR elastography: A reproducibility study

Purpose To assess reproducibility in measuring left ventricular (LV) myocardial stiffness in volunteers throughout the cardiac cycle using MR elastography (MRE) and to determine its correlation with age. Methods Cardiac MRE (CMRE) was performed on 29 normal volunteers, with ages ranging from 21 to 73 years. For assessing reproducibility of CMRE-derived stiffness measurements, scans were repeated per volunteer. Wave images were acquired throughout the LV myocardium, and were analyzed to obtain mean stiffness during the cardiac cycle. CMRE-derived stiffness values were correlated to age. Results Concordance correlation coefficient revealed good interscan agreement with rc of 0.77, with P-value < 0.0001. Significantly higher myocardial stiffness was observed during end-systole (ES) compared with end-diastole (ED) across all subjects. Additionally, increased deviation between ES and ED stiffness was observed with increased age. Conclusion CMRE-derived stiffness is reproducible, with myocardial stiffness changing cyclically across the cardiac cycle. Stiffness is significantly higher during ES compared with ED. With age, ES myocardial stiffness increases more than ED, giving rise to an increased deviation between the two. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficacy of Personal Response Systems ("Clickers") in Large, Introductory Psychology Classes.

Four sections of introductory psychology participated in a test of personal response systems (commonly called “clickers”). Two sections used clickers to answer multiple-choice quiz questions for extra credit; 2 sections did not. Even though we used clickers very minimally (mainly to administer quizzes and give immediate feedback in class), their use had a small, positive effect on exam scores. On anonymous course evaluations, students in 1 clicker section reported that regular attendance was more important, but otherwise, students in clicker sections (compared to traditional sections) did not report feeling significantly more engaged during class. We suggest that future researchers might combine clicker technology with other, established pedagogical techniques.
A new species of Celestus from west-central Panama, with consideration of the status of the genera of the Anguidae: Diploglossinae (Squamata)

A recently discovered new species of diploglossine lizard is described from west-central Panama. The distinctiveness of the nominal genera Celestus and Diploglossus is confirmed; the new form represents the southernmost record for the genus Celestus. A summary of selected characteristics and general distribution is presented for all recent species of diploglossines, including members of the Antillean genera Saurisia and Wetmorea and the South American genus Ophiodes. A systematic key to mainland members of the genus Celestus is provided.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism with Drospirenone in Combined Oral Contraceptive Products

OBJECTIVE:To review primary literature regarding the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in users of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing drospirenone compared to COCs containing other progestins.DATA SOURCES:A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (1950-January 2010) was conducted using the following search terms: VTE, thrombosis, thromboembolism, COC, combined hormonal contraceptives, drospirenone, Yasmin, and Yaz. Additional references were retrieved from reference citations.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All English-language primary literature studies were evaluated for relevance. Five studies were identified for evaluation: 1 prescription event monitoring study, 2 prospective postmarketing cohort studies, 1 validation study, and 1 retrospective cohort study.DATA SYNTHESIS:Use of a COC is associated with a 3- to 6-fold increase in VTE risk compared to nonuse. This risk may vary among different oral contraceptives due to the progestin component. Studies evaluated showed that women uti...
High Performance Multi-paradigm Messaging Runtime Integrating Grids and Multicore Systems

eScience applications need to use distributed Grid environments where each component is an individual or cluster of multicore machines. These are expected to have 64-128 cores 5 years from now and need to support scalable parallelism. Users will want to compose heterogeneous components into single jobs and run seamlessly in both distributed fashion and on a future "Grid on a chip" with different subsets of cores supporting individual components. We support this with a simple programming model made up of two layers supporting traditional parallel and Grid programming paradigms (workflow) respectively. We examine for a parallel clustering application, the Concurrency and Coordination Runtime CCR from Microsoft as a multi-paradigm runtime that integrates the two layers. Our work uses managed code (C#) and for AMD and Intel processors shows around a factor of 5 better performance than Java. CCR has MPI pattern and dynamic threading latencies of a few microseconds that are competitive with the performance of standard MPI for C.
Taking, Giving and Taking to Give: Experimental Evidence of Preferences Over Actions

The desirability of an outcome often depends on the action that must be taken to bring it about. Using a within-subject design that permits the identification of individual preferences, I report experimental evidence from disinterested dictator games suggesting that preferences over income distributions depend on whether implementing those distributions requires the allocation of gains, the imposition of losses or the redistribution of pre-existing endowments. Subjects exhibit a stronger preference for equality when the action required to implement it involves the unequal allocation of income or redistribution of wealth than when it requires the unequal imposition of losses, an effect that increases in the amount of initial inequality. The evidence is inconsistent with any model of preferences defined solely over outcomes, but can be explained by existing models of narrow choice bracketing.
Leveraging Peer-to-Peer Technology for Enterprise Communication

In this paper we discuss how peer-to-peer technologies can be used as enterprise communication tool. Various vendors have introduced enterprise grade products based on peer-to-peer technologies. The main technical requirements for these products are security, centralized control mechanisms for network and PC resources and reliability of performance. A survey of vendors and experience with large-scale implementation shows that the enterprise grade peer-to-peer communication products meet the enterprise security, reliability and network control requirements. In terms of business justification the products provide infrastructure cost avoidance, allow central communication control by business administrators, allow sending large communication items such as high quality videos and provide tracking. The WAN segment of many enterprises faces capacity issues and peer-to-peer communication allows as much as 90% of the network traffic load to be transferred to LANs thus avoiding expensive WAN upgrades. The centralized content & user administration and detailed usage tracking is attractive to business administrators; it empowers them to distribute and track customized rich media communication items anywhere. We will look into the various ways in which peer-to-peer communication solutions are implemented and discuss best practices for managing the lifecycle of enterprise communication.
In vivo multi-modality tracking of the regenerative effects of the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs)

Background In vivo multi-modality cellular and molecular imaging of the engrafted iCMs is necessary to characterize the engraftment and the regional effects on the viability of the injured myocardium. Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)mediated integration of the reporter gene into the AAVS1 locus in the iCMs and manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) should allow precise in vivo detection of myocardial regeneration.
A Summary of Next Generation Dispatching Automation System

At present with the development of computer hardware and software,network,database,intelligent control technology and the demand of power market,it is necessary to build up next generation dispatching automation system.New system have new propertie of adopting component,internet,artificial intelligence and considering security of power system in the circumstance of power market.From aspect of fundamental technology,architecture,relations with power market management system and security of power system,the paper gives a brief depict about new generation dispatching automation system.
Lymphoid reconstitution after autologous PBSC transplantation with FACS-Sorted CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors

T-cell and B-cell reconstitution was studied in nine patients who received fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS)-sorted autologous CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). The mean numbers of T cells (CD3+), B cells (CD19+) and CD34+ HPC administered to each patient were .004, .002, and 1.8 x 10(6) cells/kg, respectively. After high-dose myeloablative chemotherapy (busulfan, cyclophosphamide, etoposide) CD34+) HPC were infused and lymphoid reconstitution was monitored using flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of VDJ T-cell receptor (TcR) sequences. Restoration of normal numbers of peripheral blood T cells and B cells among recipients of FACS-sorted CD34+ HPC was delayed compared to recipients of non-T-cell-depleted PBSC autografts. In both patient groups, the circulating T cells were primarily CD4-, CD8+, alphabeta TcR+, and CD45RO+, CD45RA- during the first 2 months after transplant. Subsequent increases in the frequency of CD45RA+ CD45RO- T cells occurred at 2 to 3 months after transplant, suggesting maturation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors to "naive" T cells. Analysis of the TcR repertoire after hematopoietic reconstitution demonstrated decreased diversity of Vbeta TcR expression associated with global decreases in the absolute number of total peripheral blood T cells and most Vbeta TcR+ subsets. Three of nine recipients of FACS-sorted CD34+ HPC demonstrated significant increases in the percentage of gammadelta+ peripheral T cells and CD5+ B cells at 3 to 9 weeks after transplantation, and all patients had transient oligoclonal expansions of T cells expressing specific Vbeta TcR. Transplantation with highly purified CD34+ HPC results in reduced diversity of the peripheral T-cell repertoire during the early post-transplant period compared with patients receiving unmanipulated or MoAb-depleted transplants.
Developmental Interventions in the NICU: What are the Developmental Benefits?

Both the rates of prematurity and survival of preterm infants have increased in the United States over the past 10 years. Preterm infants are at great risk for medical complications and future developmental disabilities. This article reviews the developmental outcomes of studies implementing developmental interventions in the NICU. Interventions include the newborn individualized care and assessment program, massage, oral-motor stimulation, positioning, skin-to-skin care, music, visual stimuli, light, and multimodal stimulation. Results of eight blinded, randomized, controlled trials included in this review demonstrate an effect that consistently favors the intervention group.
Fluidic origami with embedded pressure dependent multi-stability: a plant inspired innovation

Inspired by the impulsive movements in plants, this research investigates the physics of a novel fluidic origami concept for its pressure-dependent multi-stability. In this innovation, fluid-filled tubular cells are synthesized by integrating different Miura-Ori sheets into a three-dimensional topological system, where the internal pressures are strategically controlled similar to the motor cells in plants. Fluidic origami incorporates two crucial physiological features observed in nature: one is distributed, pressurized cellular organization, and the other is embedded multi-stability. For a single fluidic origami cell, two stable folding configurations can coexist due to the nonlinear relationships among folding, crease material deformation and internal volume change. When multiple origami cells are integrated, additional multi-stability characteristics could occur via the interactions between pressurized cells. Changes in the fluid pressure can tailor the existence and shapes of these stable folding configurations. As a result, fluidic origami can switch between being mono-stable, bistable and multi-stable with pressure control, and provide a rapid 'snap-through' type of shape change based on the similar principles as in plants. The outcomes of this research could lead to the development of new adaptive materials or structures, and provide insights for future plant physiology studies at the cellular level.
Laboratory Management Training for Medical Technology Students

An exercise designed to provide effective practice in specified areas of laboratory management is described. This student project was incorporated into an existing course in the medical technology curriculum. Completion of the project required students to prepare work schedules and budgets, order supplies, assign personnel tasks according to varying educational levels, and formulate recommendations concerning equipment, supplies, methods and personnel requirements for a simulated clinical laboratory.
Democratic Consequences of Electoral Protest

Haiti has experienced a string of contentious elections since the late 1980s. Parliamentary elections in May 2000 were marked by violence and administrative irregularities, most typically the late opening of polling stations. Chaotic delivery of the ballot boxes to the electoral commission after the elections (some poll workers simply left ballot boxes outside the commission's building, unguarded overnight, because they could not find room inside) also raised the specter of electoral malfeasance. Despite these problems, observers described the elections, in which incumbent Aristide's Lavalas Party candidates were expected to win, as “generally credible.” However, even before the official results were announced, the Lavalas Party declared victory, and opposition parties called for the election results to be annulled. International donors reacted to these events by threatening to suspend aid to Haiti. Opposition parties objected to the preliminary results that showed Lavalas winning most of the available senate seats and withdrew their candidates from the runoff elections. But it was Lavalas supporters who protested, demanding that the final results be released and that the OAS recognize the Lavalas victory as legitimate. The resulting conflict caused the head of Haiti's election commission to flee to the Dominican Republic and then to the United States. Opposition parties in Haiti boycotted the November presidential election that year on the grounds that the government had cheated in the May parliamentary elections to pave the way for Aristide's reelection. Although the November election appeared to be less violent than some previous contests, bombings still occurred, and the OAS criticized it as being held without attention to “critical deficiencies” of the current system. Aristide won the election, but international aid remained suspended on the grounds that the opposition complaints needed to be resolved. The opposition refused to meet with Aristide in a standoff that persisted for nearly two years, at which point the United States suggested unblocking aid to Haiti in September 2002, with certain conditions, which included the creation of a new election management body. The OAS eventually succeeded in receiving agreement from both the incumbent and the opposition on the terms proposed by the United States. This agreement, however, did not alleviate political tensions in Haiti, and by 2004, Aristide had been forced out of office. UN peacekeepers then occupied Haiti for two years and fresh elections were held in 2006.
When Migrants Return: Who Returns, Why, and How They Reintegrate

Before turning to discuss who has returned and how migrants reintegrate, it is useful to look at the impact of migrants’ absence on their families. This chapter discusses men’s and women’s employment in the United States and Mexico and why men return more than women It goes on to focus on migrant men’s and women’s lives at home, especially with regard to family, in comparison to their lives in the United States, and how gender differences influence how men and women respond to being home.
Comparison of single- and multiple-person mercury exposures.

ABSTRACTElemental and organic mercury are extremely toxic. All mercury exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000–2013 were identified. The cases were divided into multiple- and single-person exposure groups and compared, including identification of statistically significant differences (SSDs). There were 6,521 single-person exposures and 214 multiple-person incidents involving 734 total persons; 45% and 27% of the multiple- and single-person exposures, respectively, involved patients aged 6–19 years (SSD). The multiple- and single-person exposures were, respectively, 87% vs 98% unintentional (SSD). The most frequent routes of multiple- and single-person exposures, respectively, involved ingestion (23% vs 72%, SSD), dermal (52% vs 23%, SSD), and inhalation (43% vs 5%, SSD). The most common site for multiple- and single-person exposures was the patient's own residence (56% vs 91%, respectively, SSD). Multiple-person mercury exposures are more likely to involve school-age children. A greater pro...
Can intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during cervical spine decompression predict post-operative segmental C5 palsy?

Background: C5 nerve root palsy is a known complication after cervical laminectomy or laminoplasty, characterized by weakness of the deltoid and bicep brachii muscles. The efficacy of intraoperative monitoring of these muscles is currently unclear. In the current prospective study, intraoperative monitoring through somatosensory (SSEPs), motor (TcMEPs) evoked potentials and real-time electromyography activity (EMG) were analyzed for their ability to detect or prevent deltoid muscle weakness after surgery. Methods: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing laminectomy/laminoplasty with or without fusion were enrolled. Intraoperative SSEPs, TcMEPs and EMGs from each patient were studied and analyzed. Results: Intraoperative EMG activity of the C5 nerve root was detected in 34 cases, 10 of which demonstrated a sustained and repetitive EMG activity lasting 5 or more minutes. Paresis of the unilateral deltoid muscle developed in 5 patients, all from the group with sustained C5 EMG activity. None of the patients with weakness of deltoid muscle after surgery demonstrated any abnormal change in TcMEP or SSEP. Conclusions: Real-time EMG recordings were sensitive to C5 nerve root irritation, whilst SSEPs and TcMEPs were not. Sustained EMG activity of the C5 nerve root during surgery is a possible warning sign of irritation or injury to the nerve.
2007 Report of the Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer

![Figure][1] We were motivated to create this vision to help guide the profession—specifically the practice of pharmacy in hospitals and health systems . . . As you have heard, the ASHP Board of Directors recently approved an important report, the “ASHP Long-Range Vision for the
Monodentate phosphine substitution in [Pd(κ3-dppf)(PR3)][BF4]2 (dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) compounds

The ligand 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) is commonly employed in a variety of catalytic systems. There are a variety of coordination modes known for dppf, the least studied being the κ3 coordination mode, in which both phosphorus atoms and the iron atom of dppf interact with another metal center. One such compound is the previously reported [Pd(κ3-dppf)(PPh3)]2+. A series of related compounds, [Pd(κ3-dppf)(P(p-C6H4R)3)]2+ (R = OCH3, CH3, F and CF3), has been synthesized and characterized. The X-ray crystal structure of [Pd(dppf)(P(p-C6H4F)3)][BF4]2 was determined. Electrochemical and computational studies indicate that the electron donor ability of the P(p-C6H4R)3 ligands influences the properties of these compounds. Substitution reactions of the P(p-C6H4R)3 ligands have been examined, and, in general, the more electron donating P(p-C6H4R)3 ligands completely replace the less electron donating ones. The kinetics of the reaction of [Pd(κ3-dppf)(P(p-C6H4F)3)]2+ with P(p-C6H4OCH3)3 indicate that the reaction proceeds through a dissociative mechanism, contrary to the associative substitutions prevalent in square planar palladium(II) chemistry.
Impact of high-dose vitamin D3 on plasma free 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and antimicrobial peptides in critically ill mechanically ventilated adults

Abstract Objectives High-dose vitamin D 3 increases plasma total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in critically ill, ventilated patients; however, to our knowledge, the effect on plasma levels of free (nonprotein-bound) 25(OH)D has not been investigated in critical illness. Moreover, the relationship of free 25(OH)D and the regulation of endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remains unknown. The aims of this study were to determine in critically ill adults with respiratory failure the effect of previous high-dose regimens of vitamin D 3 on free 25(OH)D concentrations, the relationship of free 25(OH)D with circulating cathelicidin (LL-37) and human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2), and the associations between plasma levels of free 25(OH)D and these AMPs to alveolar macrophage phagocytosis function. Methods In a double blind, randomized controlled trial, critically ill ventilator-dependent adults (N = 30) received enteral vitamin D 3 (250,000 or 500,000 IU total over 5 d) or placebo. Plasma was obtained serially for concentrations of free 25(OH)D, LL-37, hBD-2, and expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cell human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP18) mRNA. Total 25(OH)D and LL-37 concentrations and alveolar macrophage phagocytosis were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Results Plasma concentrations of free 25(OH)D over time were correlated with total 25(OH)D levels (r= 0.82; P 3 dose than with the lower dose. The percent change in mRNA expression of hCAP18 was positively associated with percent change in free 25(OH)D at days 7 and 14 (ρ = 0.48; P = 0.04 and ρ = 0.59; P = 0.03, respectively). Additionally, plasma LL-37 levels correlated with the percentage of alveolar macrophages exhibiting phagocytosis (ρ = 0.51; P = 0.04). Conclusions The present study found a dose-related increase in plasma free-25(OH)D levels, which was associated with increasing circulating mRNA expression of hCAP18 over time. There were no correlations between changes in total and free 25(OH)D against plasma LL-37 and hBD-2 concentrations. Larger studies appear warranted to determine the impact of high-dose vitamin D 3 administration on endogenous AMPs.
Integrated experimental and modeling evaluation of energy consumption for ammonia recovery in bioelectrochemical systems

Abstract Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) can recover ammonia from wastewater driven by electricity generation. However, energy consumption of such an approach has not been well evaluated. In this study, the effects of several key operating factors including catholyte aeration rate, external voltage, and external resistance on both ammonia recovery and energy consumption were systematically investigated. A mathematical model developed for ammonia removal/recovery in BES was applied to help interpret the experimental results. It was found that a high aeration rate in the catholyte could facilitate ammonia recovery. An aeration rate of 100 mL min −1 resulted in the lowest energy consumption of 4.9 kWh kg −1 N recovery among the tested aeration rates. A low external resistance facilitated the ammonia recovery via higher current generation, while a moderate external voltage (e.g., 0.5 V) helped to achieve low energy consumption. The highest ammonia recovery rate of 7.1 g N m −2 d −1 was obtained with energy consumption of 5.7 kWh kg −1 N recovery. Therefore, there is a trade-off between energy consumption and ammonia recovery.
Cellular computational extreme learning machine network based frequency predictions in a power system

Frequency is one of the most important characteristics in power system monitoring, control and protection. Frequency variations can be observed with significant changes in operating conditions. High penetration levels of renewable energy pose variability and uncertainty challenges for grid operation. It is essential to have innovative methodologies to take necessary actions to overcome these challenges. Power system frequency prediction provides an insight to better system control and protection. In this paper, a cellular computational extreme learning machine network (CCELMN) based frequency prediction approach is presented. Results are compared with those obtained with independent ELM models and persistence model and shown to outperform.
A Complete, Efficient Sentence-Realization Algorithm for Unification Grammar

This paper describes an efficient sentencerealization algorithm that is complete for a very general class of unification grammars. Under fairly modest constraints on the grammar, the algorithm is shown to have polynomial time complexity for generation of sentences whose logical form exactly matches the goal logical form. The algorithm can be extended to handle what is arguably the most important subcase of the logical-form equivalence problem, permutation of logical conjunction. With this extension the algorithm is no longer polynomial, but it seems to be about as efficient as the nature of the problem permits.
The effect of proportional v. value pricing on fountain drink purchases: results from a field experiment.

OBJECTIVE Reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is a public health priority, yet finding an effective and acceptable policy intervention is challenging. One strategy is to use proportional pricing (a consistent price per fluid ounce) instead of the typical value-priced approach where large beverages offer better value. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether proportional pricing affects the purchasing of fountain beverages at a university cinema concession stand. DESIGN Four price strategies for beverages were evaluated over ten weekends of film screenings. We manipulated two factors: the price structure (value pricing v. proportional pricing) and the provision of information about the price per fluid ounce (labels v. no labels). The key outcomes were the number and size of beverages purchased. We analysed data using regression analyses, with standard errors clustered by film and controlling for the day and time of purchase. SETTING A university cinema concession stand in Minnesota, USA, in spring 2015. SUBJECTS University students. RESULTS Over the study period (360 beverages purchased) there were no significant effects of the proportional pricing treatment. Pairing a label with the standard value pricing increased the likelihood of purchasing large drinks but the label did not affect purchasing when paired with proportional pricing. CONCLUSIONS Proportional prices did not significantly affect the size of beverages purchased by students at a university cinema, but adding a price-per-ounce label increased large drink purchases when drinks were value-priced. More work is needed to address whether pricing and labelling strategies might promote healthier beverage purchases.
Stress response regulation and the hemodynamic response

Stress is among the most important risk factors for a variety of mood and anxiety disorders (1, 2), but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, especially in humans. Previous human neuroimaging studies have identified a network of brain regions that exhibit increased activity and blood flow in response to acute stressors (3, 4) and disrupted functional coupling and structural changes after chronic stress (5⇓⇓–8). In PNAS, Elbau et al. (9) report an elegant series of analyses that implicate disrupted neurovascular coupling as an important potential mechanism linking these two phenomena. The authors also explore the complex interplay among the hemodynamic response, the endocrine stress response, and genetic variants related to neurovascular coupling in light of recent evidence that these factors contribute to both cognitive dysfunction (10) and major depression (11). Neurons and other brain cells are highly metabolically active (12). Brain function, therefore, depends critically on neurovascular coupling, a system for regulating local cerebral blood flow to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and other metabolites on an “as-needed” basis in response to signals from neurons, astrocytes, and other local cell types (13, 14). Although neurovascular coupling mechanisms are not yet fully understood, one proposed mechanism is that neuronal activity increases local extracellular K+, … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: col2004{at}med.cornell.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Geospatial Event Detection by Grouping Emotion Contagion in Social Media

Twitter has a significant user base, with reportedly over 300 million active user accounts. Twitter, a micro blog service, limits the length of each tweet, keeping them short and concise. The contents of tweets include news, trending topics, emotions, and opinions. This makes Twitter a (popular) source of data for social science, marketing, psychology and news. Twitter users tend to use emojis, slang, and acronyms in order to fit more content within the character limit. The use of emojis in tweets complicates efforts in text mining and emotion analysis, as such emojis can also be used to express sarcasm when used in different contexts. In this paper, we use Twitter API to mine tweets that were geotagged by users and apply text analytics to the tweets. We also develop a system to detect events using the geospatial emotion vector in the area we are monitoring. Combining graph theory, machine learning semantics, and statistics with the geospatial emotion vectors, we track trending topics during times of extreme emotion. Our system correctly detected ten out of 11 events that we used in our study. Our findings suggest that Robert Parks theory on Expressive Groups and Gustave Le Bons Theory on Social Contagion hold true in the Twittersphere.
Anxiety in geriatrics.

Anxiety is a common psychiatric condition in older people, at a prevalence up to 15% [1,2]. With a lifetime prevalence of 29%, anxiety usually presents initially during youth [3]. While very disabl...
The Impact of Advancement Via Individual Determination on the College Readiness of First-Generation Hispanic Students in an Urban South Texas High School

This study examined the phenomenon of college readiness in Hispanic first-generation college students. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between first-generation Hispanic student participation in an Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) elective course and college readiness. The researchers used logistic regression with a dependent variable, college readiness [measured by passing and failing scores on the Texas Success Initiative (TSI) Assessment in Reading, Writing and Math] and the predictor variables: AVID participation, Average T-scores of Advanced Placement, and Average T-scores of ACT and Dual Enrollment. Findings indicated that high school AVID elective course participation was a function of TSI Reading, Writing, and Math scores; however, middle school AVID elective course participation was not a function of these scores. The results highlight the importance of continued research on AVID participation and college readiness, particularly in the form of college placement exam scores such as the Texas Success Initiative.
Longitudinal crossover and the dynamics of uniform electron ellipsoids focused by a linear chirp.

High-resolution single-shot nonrelativistic ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) relies on adaptive optics to compress high-intensity bunches using radio frequency (RF) cavities. We present a comprehensive discussion of the analytic approaches available to characterize bunch dynamics as an electron bunch goes through a longitudinal focal point after an RF cavity where space charge effects can be large. Methods drawn from the Coulomb explosion literature, the accelerator physics literature, and the analytic Gaussian model developed for UEM are compared, utilized, and extended in some cases. In particular the longitudinal focus may occur in two different regimes, a bounce-back regime and a crossover regime; and we characterize the critical point separating these regimes in the zero-emittance model. Results from $N$-particle simulations using efficient multipole methods are compared to the theoretical models revealing features requiring extensions of the analytic approaches; and in particular mechanisms for emittance growth and transfer are discussed.
Binge Drinking, Non-injection Drug Use, and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males, 3 US Cities, 2015

In 2016, more than 90% of HIV diagnoses among young men aged 13–19 years were attributed to male-male sexual contact. Little is known about how binge drinking and non-injection drug use may be associated with risky sexual behavior among adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM). Using data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, we examined how binge drinking and non-injection drug use may be associated with sexual risk among ASMM. ASMM were recruited for interviews in 3 cities: Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia. Among 16–18-year-olds (N = 488), we evaluated the association between binge drinking (≥ 5 drinks in one sitting in the past 30 days), non-injection drug use (past 12-month use of methamphetamines, powder cocaine, downers, painkillers, ecstasy, poppers, and “other”), and two past 12-month sexual risk outcomes: condomless anal intercourse with a casual partner and having multiple sex partners. We used log-linked Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, 26% of 16–18-year-old ASMM binge drank, and 21% reported non-injection drug use. Among ASMM who binge drank, 34% reported condomless anal intercourse with a casual partner compared with 22% of those who did not (PR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.04–2.26). Similarly, 84% of ASMM who binge drank reported having multiple partners compared with 61% of those who did not (PR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09–1.76). Among ASMM who used non-injection drugs, 37% reported condomless anal intercourse compared with 22% of those who did not (PR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.09–2.50), while 86% of those who used non-injection drugs had multiple partners compared with 62% of those who did not (PR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06–1.80). Our findings suggest that the prevalence of substance misuse is high among sexual minority youth and is associated with sexual risk in this population. Our findings highlight the need for high-quality HIV prevention programs for ASMM especially as HIV prevention programs for this population are scarce.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Smoking-Cessation Interventions Prior to Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion.

Background Smoking cessation represents an opportunity to reduce both short and long-term effects of smoking on complications after lumbar fusion and smoking-related morbidity and mortality. However, the cost-effectiveness of smoking-cessation interventions prior to lumbar fusion is not fully known. Methods We created a decision-analytic Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 5 smoking-cessation strategies (behavioral counseling, nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], bupropion or varenicline monotherapy, and a combined intervention) prior to single-level, instrumented lumbar posterolateral fusion (PLF) from the health payer perspective. Probabilities, costs, and utilities were obtained from published sources. We calculated the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with each strategy over multiple time horizons and accounted for uncertainty with probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) consisting of 10,000 second-order Monte Carlo simulations. Results Every smoking-cessation intervention was more effective and less costly than usual care at the lifetime horizon. In the short term, behavioral counseling, NRT, varenicline monotherapy, and the combined intervention were also cost-saving, while bupropion monotherapy was more effective but more costly than usual care. The mean lifetime cost savings for behavioral counseling, NRT, bupropion monotherapy, varenicline monotherapy, and the combined intervention were $3,291 (standard deviation [SD], $868), $2,571 (SD, $479), $2,851 (SD, $830), $6,767 (SD, $1,604), and $34,923 (SD, $4,248), respectively. The minimum efficacy threshold (relative risk for smoking cessation) for lifetime cost savings varied from 1.01 (behavioral counseling) to 1.15 (varenicline monotherapy). A PSA revealed that the combined smoking-cessation intervention was always more effective and less costly than usual care. Conclusions Even brief smoking-cessation interventions yield large short-term and long-term cost savings. Smoking-cessation interventions prior to PLF can both reduce costs and improve patient outcomes as health payers/systems shift toward value-based reimbursement (e.g., bundled payments) or population health models. Level of evidence Economic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.