cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patent Femoro-Popliteal Bypass Graft with Inflow Occlusion: Report of Three Cases:

Three cases of late femoro-popliteal bypass graft failure have been reviewed. Each case presented with symptoms of limb-threatening ischemia and had an kle-arm indices of 0.12-0.30. In each instance, aortography revealed inflow oc clusion proximal to the graft, a well-developed collateral circulation, and patent grafts . Each of these cases was managed by extra-anatomic bypass . Etiologies of early, intermediate, and late bypass failure are discussed. With the growing popularity of the "in situ" technique of femoro-popliteal bypass, this observa tion may be made more frequently. These cases emphasize the benefit of regular followup, even in the long-term patency group. The durability of vein grafts is likewise noteworthy.
An algorithm for generating nonuniformly spaced correlated samples for simulating a nonselective Rayleigh fading channel

A nonselective Rayleigh fading channel model using a time-variant complex multiplier z(t) is considered. Performing a Monte Carlo simulation of this channel requires samples of z(t) with appropriate correlation (fading power spectrum). For an important f/sup -4/ spectrum, there is a simple digital implementation that generates uniformly spaced samples. However, many communications systems have faded signals which appear only intermittently at the receiver. Nonuniformly spaced samples are better suited to a simulation of this situation. The author presents an algorithm for efficiently generating nonuniformly spaced correlated samples which have a specified f/sup -4/ power spectrum. >
Elucidation of the structures of 3-alkylthio-, 3-benzylthio-, 2-arylthio- and 2-heteroarylthio-N1-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N4-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamines by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.

Nucleophilic addition of alkyl- and benzylthiols to benzoquinone diimine (1) gave the corresponding 3-alkylthio- or 3-benzylthio-1,4-phenylenediamines (2–5). However, addition of aryl- or heteroarylthiols to 1 formed 2-arylthio- or 2-heteroarylthio-1,4-phenylenediamines (6–14). The structures of 2–14, obtained in 55–91% yields, were confirmed in CDCl3 or DMSO-d6 solution using 1D (NOE difference, coupled 13C NMR spectra, APT and DEPT) and 2D NMR techniques [DQCOSY, NOESY, HETCOR and heteronuclear multiple bond coherence (HMBC)] that resulted in unambiguous proton and carbon NMR resonance assignments. The substituent-induced 13C NMR chemical shift differences were calculated in 2–14 relative to carbon atoms in the model compound N1-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N4-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DMBPPD) (15) (a reduced form of benzoquinone diimine). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Making sense of another mind: the role of the right temporo-parietal junction.

Human adults conceive of one another as beings with minds, and attribute to one another mental states like perceptions, desires and beliefs. That is, we understand other people using a ‘Theory of Mind’. The current study investigated the contributions of four brain regions to Theory of Mind reasoning. The right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) was recruited selectively for the attribution of mental states, and not for other socially relevant facts about a person, and the response of the RTPJ was modulated by the congruence or incongruence of multiple relevant facts about the target’s mind. None of the other three brain regions commonly implicated in Theory of Mind reasoning – the left temporo-parietal junction (LTPJ), posterior cingulate (PC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) – showed an equally selective profile of response. The implications of these results for an alternative theory of reasoning about other minds – Simulation Theory – are discussed. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Centrosome Loss in the Evolution of Planarians

The centrosome, a cytoplasmic organelle formed by cylinder-shaped centrioles surrounded by a microtubule-organizing matrix, is a hallmark of animal cells. The centrosome is conserved and essential for the development of all animal species described so far. Here, we show that planarians, and possibly other flatworms, lack centrosomes. In planarians, centrioles are only assembled in terminally differentiating ciliated cells through the acentriolar pathway to trigger the assembly of cilia. We identified a large set of conserved proteins required for centriole assembly in animals and note centrosome protein families that are missing from the planarian genome. Our study uncovers the molecular architecture and evolution of the animal centrosome and emphasizes the plasticity of animal cell biology and development.
β(1-3)-D-glucan affects adipogenesis, wound healing and inflammation

Numerous types of β(1-3)-D-glucans have been isolated from almost every species of yeast, grain, and fungi. These products have been extensively studied for their immunological and pharmacological effects. In this paper we evaluated the possibility whether individual β(1-3)-D-glucans will have an activity in less studied areas such as adipogenesis and inflammation. Our results showed that of the tested β(1-3)-D-glucans, yeast-derived insoluble Glucan #300, strongly inhibited adipogenic differentiation, supported wound healing and significantly lowered skin irritation. The remaining β(1-3)-D-glucans were significantly less active. Taken together, our study showed that with respect to natural β(1-3)-D-glucans, there is a clear yes-or-no effect suggesting that highly purified and highly active β(1-3)-D-glucans will have pleiotropic biological impact, whereas poorly isolated and/or less active β(1-3)-D-glucans will have only mediocre properties.
Design considerations for distributed applications

Probably the hardest part about developing a distributed application is determining where to start. There are multiple hardware and software platforms to understand, network traffic implications, and numerous tools and technologies to consider. One question, however, transcends the importance of what platform to pick or what tool to use: that is, how do you design it? This paper represents the results of two years of work with customers regarding this question. The paper explores some of the implications of working in a distributed environment, reviews some rules for data and function placement, and introduces a methodology for distributed application design.
Political Consequences of Minority Group Formation

Given the global trend of increasing ethnocultural diversity and the outbreak of nationalist movements based on cultural, linguistic, and territorial identities, this review focuses on social and political mechanisms that lead to the emergence of minority group collective action. This kind of collective action is seen as a function of three necessary conditions: the formation of distinctive social identities, the overcoming of free riding, and the development of institutional structures promoting the demand for greater autonomy. The article examines the debates, theories, and empirical evidence concerning these three conditions. We conclude by noting that the most important impediment to progress in this field is the relative paucity of historical and cross-national databases that are required to test many of the theories in the literature.
Evolution of society as influenced by the engineer

The influences of the engineer on society in general are outlined in the following address, which Doctor Merriam presented before a recent meeting of the A.I.E.E. In addition to pointing out the debt of society to the engineer, Doctor Merriam indicates methods whereby the engineer might be of still greater use in the development of a well-informed and intelligent society.
Chemical, electrical, and thermal properties of strontium doped lanthanum vanadate

Abstract Strontium doped lanthanum vanadates, La 1− x Sr x VO 3 (denoted LSV with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0), were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method. The oxidation and reduction behaviors of LSV were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chemical stability of LSV in a reducing atmosphere containing H 2 S up to 10 vol.% at 950 °C was investigated and their electrical conductivity at 500–1000 °C in reducing atmospheres measured with a 4-electrode technique. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was determined by dilatometry. The electrochemical catalytic activity of LSV as anodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was characterized using impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the La 1− x Sr x VO 3 materials with x in the range of 0.3–0.7 exhibit good resistance to H 2 S, high electrical conductivity and acceptable catalytic activity at elevated temperatures in reducing atmosphere. However, the volume change associated with oxidation/reduction cycle may limit their tolerance to re-oxidation when used as anode materials for SOFCs.
ICU-Acquired Weakness

Observational studies of patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation and other forms of critical care support have determined acquired neuromuscular disorders to be extremely common. Early studies used electrophysiologic investigations to diagnose critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and muscle biopsy to confirm critical illness myopathy (CIM). More recent approaches seek to obviate these invasive techniques and build on a standardized bedside neuromuscular examination to identify patients with acquired weakness syndromes. Serial examination in the alert patient may serve as a reasonable prognosticator for most patients. The importance of ICU-acquired weakness syndromes is supported by the observation that muscle wasting and weakness are among the most prominent long-term complications of survivors of ARDS. In addition, a strong association appears to exist between acquired weakness and protracted ventilator dependence, an important determinant of ICU length of stay. Multivariate analysis has identified several risk factors associated with increased incidence for ICU-acquired weakness, including severe systemic inflammation, medications (specifically, corticosteroids and neuromuscular blocking agents), glycemic control, and immobility. We advocate an approach to this common syndrome that identifies risk factors early in the hope of minimizing their impact.
Primary events in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: Torsional vibrational dephasing in the first excited electronic state

Abstract A new model of the primary events of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle is derived from the analysis of vibrational spectroscopic data obtained from native BR (BR-570) and three artificial BR pigments containing structurally modified retinals with carbon rings bridging specific C–C and C C bonds (BR6.11, BR6.9, and BR5.12). Vibrational spectra from the ground-states and from picosecond intermediates appearing in the respective photo-reactions are measured by coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). Special attention is given to an analysis of the time-dependent bandwidth changes in vibrational bands assigned to the C C stretching and hydrogen-out-of-plane (HOOP) modes. The bandwidth analysis reveals an intramolecular, vibrational dephasing mechanism in the lowest-energy electronic excited state, involving a coupling between out-of-plane motion along the retinal backbone and C C stretching modes. The mode-selective coupling plays a significant role as a precursor to the all- trans → 13- cis isomerization in BR and accounts for primary events in the BR photocycle not previously demonstrated.
Performing Accurate Cathodoluminescence Measurements of Phosphor Powders and Screens

In the field of display phosphors, the efficiency of the cathodoluminescence process is a characteristic that is often used to assess the potential of a phosphor for use in flat-panel display applications such as field emission displays (FEDs). Cathodoluminescence characterization in a demountable vacuum chamber is important for preliminary evaluation and lifetesting of phosphor powders and screens prior to incorporation into an actual display device. There are many experimental factors that influence accurate measurement and calculation of the cathodoluminescence efficiency. These include electron beam profile (uniform, Gaussian), current density, electron accelerating voltage, secondary electron collection, and optical detection system. This paper will present some methods for achieving improved accuracy of cathodoluminescence measurements in systems at Sandia National Laboratories, using Y2O3:Eu as a representative phosphor.
Rice bran oil, not fiber, lowers cholesterol in humans

Background:The cholesterol-lowering abilities of rice bran’s fiber and oil apart from its fatty acid composition remain unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of defatted rice bran and rice bran oil in an average American diet on blood lipids in moderately hypercholesterolemic persons. Design: Study 1 used a parallel-arm design. Twenty-six healthy volunteersconsumedadietwith13–22gdietaryfiber/dfor3wk,and then 13 of the volunteers were switched to a diet with defatted rice bran to double the fiber intake for 5 wk. Study 2 was a randomized, crossover, 10-wk feeding study performed in 14 volunteers who consumed a diet with rice bran oil (1/3 of the total dietary fat) substituted for an oil blend that had a fatty acid composition similar tothatofthericebranoil.SerumlipidsandfactorVIIweremeasured in both studies. Results: Defatted rice bran did not lower lipid concentrations. In study 2, total cholesterol was significantly lower with consumption of the diet containing rice bran oil than with consumption of the control diet. Moreover, with consumption of the rice bran oil diet, LDL cholesterol decreased by 7% (P 0.0004), whereas HDL cholesterol was unchanged. Conclusions: Rice bran oil, not fiber, lowers cholesterol in healthy, moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. There were no substantial differences in the fatty acid composition of the diets; therefore, the reduction of cholesterol was due to other components present in the rice bran oil, such as unsaponifiable compounds. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:64–8.
Mechanisms of Amyloid Fibril Formation in Alzheimer’S Disease and Other Dementias

Alzheimer’s disease is one of several dementing conditions in which amyloid deposits represent a major, if not causative lesion. The characteristics of these deposits and their chemical nature may lead to an understanding of the pathogeneses of these disorders.
HC-search for multi-label prediction: an empirical study

Multi-label learning concerns learning multiple, overlapping, and correlated classes. In this paper, we adapt a recent structured prediction framework called HC-Search for multi-label prediction problems. One of the main advantages of this framework is that its training is sensitive to the loss function, unlike the other multilabel approaches that either assume a specific loss function or require a manual adaptation to each loss function. We empirically evaluate our instantiation of the HC-Search framework along with many existing multilabel learning algorithms on a variety of benchmarks by employing diverse task loss functions. Our results demonstrate that the performance of existing algorithms tends to be very similar in most cases, and that the HC-Search approach is comparable and often better than all the other algorithms across different loss functions.
Non-targeted and Delayed Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: II. Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability and Bystander Effects In Vivo, Clastogenic Factors and Transgenerational Effects

The goal of this review is to summarize the evidence for non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation in vivo. Currently, human health risks associated with radiation exposures are based primarily on the assumption that the detrimental effects of radiation occur in irradiated cells. Over the years a number of non-targeted effects of radiation exposure in vivo have been described that challenge this concept. These include radiation-induced genomic instability, bystander effects, clastogenic factors produced in plasma from irradiated individuals that can cause chromosomal damage when cultured with nonirradiated cells, and transgenerational effects of parental irradiation that can manifest in the progeny. These effects pose new challenges to evaluating the risk(s) associated with radiation exposure and understanding radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
Making Fatty Girl Cakes Food and Resistance in a Women’s Prison

This article builds on existing knowledge of inmate resistance by analyzing formerly incarcerated women’s narratives about prison food. Participants described trying to secure extra cafeteria porti...
Yield-Precipitation Relationships and Some Suggested Strategies for the Transition Area of Nebraska

under highly uncertain conditions.' Since precipitation is a major factor in yield uncertainty, resource allocation could be materially improved if allocated on the basis of yield-precipitation relationships. Objectives of this paper are (1) to present a brief description of methodology used to develop yield-precipitation relationships and (2) to demonstrate how these relationships may be used to develop resource allocation strategies for the Corn Belt-Great Plains transition area. This paper is based on a study of two crops in Boone County, Nebraska-winter wheat and corn. Crops were selected because of their historical importance in the area and because of their cultural differences. Boone County was selected because of its location within the transition area.
Contingencias, la textura causal del ambiente y las disposiciones conductuales

Molar behaviorists have long recognized that behavior is affected by what. Tolman and Brunswik (1933) ca Bed "the causal texture of the environment". Translating that recognition into an effective scientific system, however, has been a difficult task. For one thing, the "causal texture" consists of complex relations among events extended over time, and so the significant effects are often hard to detect. Also, it is often not obvious how the causal texture should be classified and measured so as to permit the discovery of an integrated set of fundamental environment-behavior relationships. An important contribution of contingency theory (e.g., Sidman, 1986) is in providing an integrated taxonomy of the environment's causal texture, thus making it possible to relate behavioral effects to the causal texture in a systematic way. Some of the behavioral effects are immediately apparent, but others are not. Some advantages may result from speaking of contingencies as affecting behavioral dispositions
Acute Effects of 30 Minutes Resistance and Aerobic Exercise on Cognition in a High School Sample

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine differences in cognition between acute bouts of resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, and a nonexercise control in an untrained youth sample. Method: Ninety-four participants performed 30 min of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or nonexercise separated by 7 days each in a randomized crossover design. After each exercise intervention, participants were assessed using 2 cognitive tests. The Dot, Word, and Color elements of the Stroop Test (Victoria version) and Parts A and B of the Trail-Making Test were used to measure cognition. Results: Acute resistance and aerobic exercise resulted in similar improvements over nonexercise in all forms of the Stroop Test. Acute aerobic exercise led to improved performance over nonexercise and resistance exercise in Part B of the Trail-Making Test. Neither exercise intervention showed significant changes in time to complete Part A of the Trail-Making Test. Boys outperformed girls on the Stroop Dot and Color Test f...
Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli on broiler carcasses subjected to a high pH scald and low pH postpick chlorine dip

The objective of this study was to determine the individual and combined effects of a high pH scald and a postpick chlorine dip on bacteria present on broiler carcasses. In each of 3 replications, a flock was sampled at several sites within a commercial broiler processing plant. Carcasses were sampled by whole carcass rinse before and after treated scalding at mean pH 9.89 or control scalding at mean pH 6.88. Other carcasses from the same flock run on both the treated and control scald lines were collected and sampled before and after a chlorine dip tank operated at mean total chlorine level of 83.3 mg/kg and pH 6.04. Rinses were cultured for numbers of Campylobacter and Escherichia coli and presence or absence of Salmonella. High pH scald was more effective than standard scald to lessen the prevalence and numbers of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses; a lower prevalence was maintained through the postpick chlorine dip tank. The pH of the scald tank made no difference in numbers of E. coli recovered from broiler carcasses at any tested point on the processing line. High pH scald was not more effective than standard scald to lessen Salmonella prevalence. Furthermore, it is unclear why the postpick chlorine dip effectively lessened Salmonella prevalence on only the control scald line. Although no evidence exists that these treatments have an additive effect when used in series, each treatment shows some promise individually. Further optimization may result in more effective decontamination of broiler carcasses.
A comparison ofCebus albifrons andSaimiri sciureus on oddity performance

Four squirrel and four Cebus monkeys were trained on five-trial oddity problems. Two of each species were then given problems where the odd object was reversed randomly on Trials 2, 3, or 4. They were then given one-trial oddity problems. All reached criterion in initial training. One Cebus reached criterion in reversal training, but the others showed significant improvement. All monkeys receiving one-trial oddity training responded correctly on 80% of 40 consecutive problems within 80 problems. No reliable differences were seen between the species. Discussion concerned the measures required to conclude that an animal has the oddity principle, and it was suggested that no nonprimate has been shown to master oddity.
The "Innocent Eye" and Recent Changes in Art Education.

The notion of an "innocent eye," of a naive "direct" view of visual reality, has a long history in art education. "The whole technical power of painting," writes Ruskin, "depends on our recovery of what might be called the innocence of the eye; that is to say, of a sort of childish perception of these flat stains of colour, merely as such, without consciousness of what they signify-as a blind man would see them if suddenly gifted with sight."'I It would not be difficult to find fault with Ruskin's statement: we know
Arrhythmias in Thoroughbreds During and After Treadmill and Racetrack Exercise

Abstract The objectives of the study were to develop information regarding the frequency of recurrence of exercising arrhythmias and the relationship of arrhythmia development to exercise intensity and type of exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded on nine Thoroughbreds during maximal or submaximal exercise on a racetrack (Ra) and treadmill (Tm). The frequency of arrhythmias on a Ra and Tm was compared, and their relationship to exercise intensity (expressed as HR/HRmax [%]) was evaluated. Sixty-five workouts were analyzed: 46 workouts were on a Tm and 19 on a Ra; median number of workouts/horse was four, and the range was 2–14. Exercising arrhythmias were detected in 4/9 horses (12/65 workouts), and there were postexercise arrhythmias in 7/9 horses (19/65 workouts). Arrhythmias were detected at some point in 8/9 horses. For 7/9 horses, the same rhythm result was obtained during exercise in repeated recordings. For 7/9 horses, the postexercise rhythm was variable: postexercise arrhythmias were present in median: 21%; range: 0%–75% of workouts. The presence of arrhythmias was positively related to exercise intensity ( P = .01; odds ratio = 1.2) and all occurred during workouts at ≥94% of HR/HRmax (%). Arrhythmias during exercise were more frequent on the Ra than on the Tm ( P = .009). A single ECG did not always display all the arrhythmias detected over several exercise tests. The presence/absence of exercising arrhythmias was more consistent than postexercise arrhythmias. Arrhythmias were more likely to be detected at maximal or near-maximal intensities and during gallops on the Ra. A larger population needs to be studied before more definitive conclusions are drawn.
NIM: scalable distributed stream processing system on mobile network data

As a typical example of New Moore's law, the amount of 3G mobile broad-band (MBB) data has grown from 15 to 20 times in the past two years (30TB to 40TB per day on average for a major city in China), real-time processing and mining of these data are becoming increasingly necessary. The overhead of storage and file transfer to HDFS, delay in processing, etc are making offline analysis on these datasets obsolete. Analysis of these datasets are non-trivial, examples include mobile personal recommendation, anomaly traffic detection, and network fault diagnosis. In this talk, we describe NIM - Network Intelligence Miner. NIM is a scalable and elastic streaming solution that analyzes MBB statistics and traffic patterns in real-time and provides information for real-time decision making. The accuracy of statistical analysis and pattern recognition of NIM is identical to that of off line analysis, while NIM can process data at line rate. The design and the unique features (e.g., balanced data grouping, aging strategy) of NIM will be helpful not only for the network data analysis but also for other applications.
Nine original microsatellite loci in prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) and their applicability to other closely related Cottus species

Prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) are a widespread but largely understudied native freshwater fish in coastal and inland rivers of Western North America. Given the extreme anthropogenic changes in this region, prickly sculpin represent a model organism to study historical and contemporary changes. We present nine novel microsatellites and four additional loci developed on a distantly related Cottus species. Loci range in allelic size from one to eleven and expected heterozygosity from 0.08 to 0.65 within a single inland population. Most loci were genotyped on three different prickly sculpin populations and three closely related sympatric Cottus species allowing for future comparative studies between and within species.
Implicit Queries for Email.

Implicit query systems examine a document and automatically conduct searches for the most relevant information. In this paper, we offer three contributions to implicit query research. First, we show how to use query logs from a search engine: by constraining results to commonly issued queries, we can get dramatic improvements. Second, we describe a method for optimizing parameters for an implicit query system, by using logistic regression training. The method is designed to estimate the probability that any particular suggested query is a good one. Third, we show which features beyond standard TF-IDF features are most helpful in our logistic regression model: query frequency information, capitalization information, subject line information, and message length information. Using the optimization method and the additional features, we are able to produce a system with up to 6 times better results on top-1 score than a simple TF-IDF system.
Mitigating the Risk: The Role of Ovarian Transposition and Medical Suppression

While much of the focus within oncofertility is on fertility preservation options that are performed prior to initiation of cancer treatment, there are two fertility preservation measures that can be performed during treatment in an attempt to reduce the gonadotoxicity of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. For women who must undergo pelvic radiation therapy, ovarian transposition, also called oophoropexy, can be used to surgically reposition the ovaries away from the planned field of radiation. Medical suppression of the ovary with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, given concurrent with chemotherapy, is thought to have a protective effect on the ovary and follicles, though the mechanisms and clinical efficacy of this approach remain unproven and controversial. This chapter describes each of these procedures and reviews the clinical data on their use in patients wishing to preserve their fertility.
Adverse Events Associated with Antipsychotic Use in Hospitalized Older Adults After Cardiac Surgery

Objectives To evaluate in-hospital adverse events associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic medications (APMs) after cardiac surgery. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Nationwide inpatient database, 2003 to 14. Participants Individuals (mean age 70) newly treated with oral atypical (n = 2,580) or typical (n = 1,126 APMs) after coronary artery bypass grafting or valve surgery (N = 3,706). Measurements In-hospital mortality, arrhythmia, pneumonia, use of brain imaging (surrogate for oversedation and neurological events), and length of stay after drug initiation Results In the propensity score–matched cohort, median treatment duration was 3 days (interquartile range (IQR) 1–6 days) for atypical APMs and 2 days (IQR 1–3 days) for typical APMs. There were no large differences in in-hospital mortality (atypical 5.4%, typical 5.3%; risk difference (RD) = 0.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −2.1 to 2.3%), arrhythmia (2.0% vs 2.2%; RD = 0.0%; 95% CI = −1.4 to 1.4%), pneumonia (16.1% vs 14.5%; RD = 1.6%, 95% CI = −1.9 to 5.0%), and length of stay (9.9 days vs 9.3 days; mean difference = 0.5 days, 95% CI = −1.2 to 2.2). Use of brain imaging was more common after initiating atypical APMs (17.3%) than after typical APMs (12.4%; RD = 4.9%, 95% CI = 1.4–8.4). Conclusion In hospitalized individuals who underwent cardiac surgery, short-term use of typical APMs was associated with risks of adverse events similar to those with atypical APMs. Moreover, greater use of brain imaging associated with atypical APMs suggests that these drugs may cause oversedation or adverse neurological events. Because of the low event rates, the analysis could not exclude modest differences in adverse events between atypical and typical APMs.
In situ stress measurements during direct MOCVD growth of GaN on SiC

In situ curvature measurements were used to compare the stress evolution of GaN films grown directly on 6H-SiC via a two-step temperature growth to films grown with an AlN buffer layer. The two-step temperature growth consisted of an initial low-temperature and a main high-temperature GaN layer. In the case of GaN grown directly on 6H-SiC, the high-temperature layer initiated growth under compressive stress which transitioned to tensile stress. Films grown directly on 6H-SiC exhibited a reduction in the threading dislocation (TD) density and an improvement in the surface roughness compared to growth on the AlN buffer layer. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy of the GaN grown directly on 6H-SiC revealed predominant (a + c)-type TD along with basal plane stacking faults and $\left\{{11\bar 20} \right\}$ prismatic stacking faults. Channeling cracks were observed in the GaN film when the AlN buffer layer was not utilized. This was attributed to tensile stress induced from the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch.
Proof of concept: Exposing the myth of urethral atrophy after artificial urinary sphincter via assessment of circumferential recovery after capsulotomy and intraoperative pressure profiling of the pressure regulating balloon

Purpose Rate of continence after artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement appears to decline with time. After appropriate workup to exclude inadvertent device deactivation, development of urge or overflow incontinence, and fluid loss, many assume recurrent stress urinary incontinence (rSUI) to be secondary to nonmechanical failure, asserting urethral atrophy as the etiology. We aimed to characterize the extent of circumferential urethral recovery following capsulotomy and that of pressure regulating balloon (PRB) material fatigue in men undergoing AUS revision for rSUI. Materials and methods Retrospective review of a single surgeon database was performed. Cases of AUS removal/replacement for rSUI involving ventral subcuff capsulotomy and intraoperative PRB pressure profile assessments were identified. Results The described operative approach involving capsulotomy was applied in 7 patients from November 2015 to September 2017. Mean patient age was 75 years. Mean time between AUS placement and revision was 103 months. Urethral circumference increased in all patients after capsulotomy (mean increase 1.1 cm; range 0.5-2.5 cm). Cuff size increased, remained the same, and decreased in 2, 3, and 2 patients, respectively. Six of 7 patients underwent PRB interrogation. Four of these 6 PRBs (66.7%) demonstrated pressures in a category below the reported range of the original manufacturer rating. Conclusions Despite visual appearance to suggest urethral atrophy, subcuff capsulotomy results in increased urethral circumference in all patients. Furthermore, intraoperative PRB profiling demonstrates material fatigue. Future multicenter efforts are warranted to determine if capsulotomy, with or without PRB replacement, may simplify surgical management of rSUI with reductions in cost and/or morbidity.
Modeling the Effects of Sensorineural Hearing Loss on Auditory Perception

In the present paper, a compressive nonlinearity, referred to as the modified power law, is incorporated into an excitation-pattern framework to model the effects of sensorineural hearing loss on a variety of masking and loudness phenomena. Implications for the derivation of excitation patterns for complex stimuli and the simulation of sensorineural hearing impairment are discussed.
The Effects of Corporate Governance on Credit Ratings: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility

This study examines the effects of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on credit ratings for firms in Taiwan. We examine this causal relationship using ordered logit regr...
Direct measurements of optical nonlinearity in indium tin oxide nanoparticles

We present measurements of the nonlinear properties of indium tin oxide nanoparticles as we tune the excitation wavelength through the epsilon-near-zero region.
Exploring the Odds: Gender Differences in Departing the Engineering Profession:

Women’s departure or nonentrance into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics professions, particularly engineering, has been a lively source of scholarly inquiry for the past three decad...
Design and development of a low-cost multispectral imager for data fusion with hyperspectral imagers

The fusion of multispectral (MS) and hyperspectral (HS) data has been limited by the availability of space systems that have the capacity to host both imagers simultaneously. High-performing single instrumentation across a large wavelength range is both difficult from an engineering perspective as well as expensive. However, in recent years, external payload platforms on the International Space Station (ISS), such as Bartolomeo and Multi-User System for Earth Sensing (MUSES), have surfaced and created more possibilities for MS/HS data fusion to produce high resolution in both spectral and spatial domains. We present a proof-of-concept and breadboard for a low-cost MS imager that optimally complements a HS imager. Design characteristics of the MS imager prototype include the ability to produce high-spatial resolution images (~2.5m Ground Sample Distance), robust communications allowing seamless integration into the ISS downlink system, data fusion algorithms and methods, on-board computational processing, and ground mission control. A cost-benefit-risk analysis of the MS imager design will provide insight into ideal MS/HS joint operation. As demonstrated by K. Perlmutter et al., a low-cost MS imager adds value to a hyperspectral data stream, thereby increasing the relevance of Earth Observation applications for public policy-makers and humanitarian organizations, a central goal of the John Glenn Humanitarian Observatory program in The Ohio State University Battelle Center for Science, Engineering, and Public Policy.
Older adults' health information behavior in everyday life settings

Abstract Health information seeking is an important part of older adults' everyday lives as they cope with their health conditions. Semi-structured interviews conducted with 21 older adults in the United States were analyzed using Savolainen's everyday life information seeking (ELIS) model, especially its key concepts such as way of life and mastery of life. The interview data revealed that except for health care providers, a spouse or partner was mentioned as a credible interpersonal source of health information among older adults in a marital or romantic relationship. Characteristics of older adults' health information behavior in the ELIS context were identified based on types of way of life and mastery of life. For example, those who had more varied types of hobbies, including cognitive, affective, and social hobbies, were exposed to diverse people as they performed their daily routine, potentially resulting in different sources of useful health information. In couple relationships, those with an optimistic as opposed to pessimistic attitude toward a problem-solving situation played the information provider role rather than information receiver role.
Large-eddy simulation study of unsteady wake dynamics and geometric sensitivity on a skewed bump

Large-eddy simulations of a skewed bump are performed with the bump at angles of bump. The separation bubble and wake oscillate in the spanwise direction. Conditional averaging shows that the vortices are associated with low streamwise velocity and high turbulence. Surface pressures on the bump have negatively skewed distributions in regions on the upstream face and in the separation bubble. In the separation bubble, fluctuations associated with the shedding cycle contribute to the negative skewness.
Disseminating TF-CBT: A Mixed Methods Investigation of Clinician Perspectives and the Impact of Training Format and Formalized Problem-Solving Approaches on Implementation Outcomes.

Background Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) has been established as an evidence-based treatment for youth with traumatic stress symptoms. The versatility of TF-CBT in conjunction with its established effectiveness has led to its widespread dissemination. However, dissemination efforts have not always translated into sustainability, which has prompted a more thorough investigation into those factors that impact implementation and encouraged the development of strategies that promote sustainability. Toward this end, the aims of this study were to: (1) determine which components of TF-CBT clinicians found the most difficult to implement; (2) explore clinicians' perceptions as to why these components were challenging; and (3) examine whether the use of formalized problem-solving approaches (FPSAs) or training format was associated with implementation outcomes. Methods A mixed methods design was utilized to analyse survey data from mental health professionals (N = 85) who received TF-CBT training. Thematic analysis explored responses to questions concerning those TF-CBT components respondents found most difficult to implement, while bivariate analyses helped determine whether training format or the use of FPSAs was associated with training engagement, confidence in delivering TF-CBT, fidelity or sustainability. Results Clinicians perceived the same three components of TF-CBT as most difficult regardless of the type of training they received, and provider, youth, caregiver, and organizational-related themes emerged from thematic analysis. Bivariate analyses indicated more extended training formats and the use of FPSAs were associated with greater implementation success. Conclusion Findings suggest that perceived difficulty of TF-CBT components did not vary by training format, but more extended formats and the use of FPSAs were associated with more favourable implementation outcomes. Implementers should consider ways to utilize FPSAs within training programs, as well as focus on content identified by clinicians as difficult, as this may assist clinicians in developing skills and managing implementation barriers.
The Getty Museum's Non-Victorious Bid to Keep the ‘Victorious Youth’ Bronze

A discussion of the lawsuit involving the Victorious Youth (Getty Bronze).The relationship between the Italian government and the J. Paul Getty Museum, the wealthiest museum in the world, has once again been strained over legal battles concerning items that the Italian government claims were illegally acquired by the museum. Relations between the Getty and Italy have already been tense due to Italy’s forceful request for the return of cultural heritage property scattered around the globe. The public became acutely aware of Italy’s aggressive pursuit against museums and looters with the publication of The Medici Conspiracy by Peter Watson and Cecilia Todeschini. The book recounts the Italian government’s raid on an international crime syndicate dealing in looted antiquities originating in Italy and ending with sales to reputable institutions around the world, including sales to the Getty Museum. In the wake of Italy’s repatriation quest, the Getty has been charged with numerous accusations of irresponsible acquisition practices, questionable provenance and surreptitiously housing looted pieces.
Social Work Response Needed to the Challenge of COVID-19 for Aging People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilties.

Dear Editor The COVID-19 pandemic affects all of us, but consequences are more serious for those who are older or have chronic conditions and immune disorders. Places where numbers of people are li...
Assessment of Health Information Technology-Related Outpatient Diagnostic Delays in the US Veterans Affairs Health Care System: A Qualitative Study of Aggregated Root Cause Analysis Data.

Importance Diagnostic delay in the outpatient setting is an emerging safety priority that health information technology (HIT) should help address. However, diagnostic delays have persisted, and new safety concerns associated with the use of HIT have emerged. Objective To analyze HIT-related outpatient diagnostic delays within a large, integrated health care system. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study involved qualitative content analysis of safety concerns identified in aggregated root cause analysis (RCA) data related to HIT and outpatient diagnostic delays. The setting was the US Department of Veterans Affairs using all RCAs submitted to the Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Patient Safety from January 1, 2013, to July 31, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Common themes associated with the role of HIT-related safety concerns were identified and categorized according to the Health IT Safety framework for measuring, monitoring, and improving HIT safety. This framework includes 3 related domains (ie, safe HIT, safe use of HIT, and using HIT to improve safety) situated within an 8-dimensional sociotechnical model accounting for interacting technical and nontechnical variables associated with safety. Hence, themes identified enhanced understanding of the sociotechnical context and domain of HIT safety involved. Results Of 214 RCAs categorized by the termsdelayandoutpatientsubmitted during the study period, 88 were identified as involving diagnostic delays and HIT, from which 172 unique HIT-related safety concerns were extracted (mean [SD], 1.97 [1.53] per RCA). Most safety concerns (82.6% [142 of 172]) involved problems with safe use of HIT, predominantly sociotechnical factors associated with people, workflow and communication, and a poorly designed human-computer interface. Fewer safety concerns involved problems with safe HIT (14.5% [25 of 172]) or using HIT to improve safety (0.3% [5 of 172]). The following 5 key high-risk areas for diagnostic delays emerged: managing electronic health record inbox notifications and communication, clinicians gathering key diagnostic information, technical problems, data entry problems, and failure of a system to track test results. Conclusions and Relevance This qualitative study of a national RCA data set suggests that interventions to reduce outpatient diagnostic delays could aim to improve test result management, interoperability, data visualization, and order entry, as well as to decrease information overload.
Incidence of Pelvic Floor Disorders in US Army Female Soldiers.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of pelvic floor disorders (PFD) among active-duty US Army female soldiers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 102,015 women for incident PFD using the Stanford Military Data Repository, which comprises medical, demographic and service-related information on all soldiers on active duty in the US Army during 2011-2014. Cox proportional hazards estimated adjusted associations with PFD diagnoses. In the adjusted models, military-specific characteristics and fitness were evaluated alongside known PFD predictors. RESULTS Among 102,015 subjects at risk there was a cumulative incidence of 6.4% over a mean of 27 months (median 29, range 1-42). In adjusted models, obese soldiers were more likely to have a PFD compared to those of normal weight (hazard ratio [HR] 1.23, confidence interval [CI] 1.14-1.34, P CONCLUSION Over a median follow-up time of 29 months, 1 in 15 women in this active-duty cohort was diagnosed with a PFD. Optimizing risk factors including body mass index and physical fitness may benefit the pelvic health of female soldiers, independent of age, children, and years of service.
GitterCom: A Dataset of Open Source Developer Communications in Gitter

Team communication is essential for the development of modern software systems. For distributed software development teams, such as those found in many open source projects, this communication usually takes place using electronic tools. Among these, modern chat platforms such as Gitter are becoming the de facto choice for many software projects due to their advanced features geared towards software development and effective team communication. Gitter channels contain numerous messages exchanged by developers regarding the state of the project, issues and features of the system, team logistics, etc. These messages can contain important information to researchers studying open source software systems, developers new to a particular project and trying to get familiar with the software, etc. Therefore, uncovering what developers are communicating about through Gitter is an essential first step towards successfully understanding and leveraging this information. We present a new dataset, called GitterCom, which aims to enable research in this direction and represents the largest manually labeled and curated dataset of Gitter developer messages. The dataset is comprised of 10,000 messages collected from 10 Gitter communities associated with the development of open source software. Each message was manually annotated and verified by two of the authors, capturing the purpose of the communication expressed by the message. While the dataset has not yet been used in any publication, we discuss how it can enable interesting research opportunities.
SIGNATURE UNDER BIRATIONAL MORPHISMS

We study -signature dropping and Hilbert–Kunz multiplicity increasing under birational maps without these hypotheses.
Police, Sociology of

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by H.-J. Albrecht, D. Nogala, volume 17, pp. 11532–11535, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.