cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rabbit: Frequency of Suckling in the Pup

Rabbit does were given free access to their young, access once a day, and access twice a day. In all three groups the young were nursed only once every 24 hours. Growth curves for the pups from day 2 of age to day 30 were identical for all three groups. The restriction of suckling to once a day appears to depend on the mother and not the pups.
Autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in follicular lymphoma.

Abstract Follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) usually present in advanced stage and although frequently are chemotherapy-sensitive remain incurable using conventional approaches. Treatment options are evolving rapidly and now include targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies. Recent studies, including the EBMTR-sponsored "CUP Trial" (conventional Chemotherapy, Unpurged autograft, Purged autograft), demonstrate that for patients under age 60 years with recurrent chemotherapy-sensitive disease, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) provides a survival benefit over conventional therapy. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has become a more effective option. Although incorporation of TBI into the preparative regimen may increase treatment-related mortality (TRM), relapses appear to be reduced compared to a chemotherapy-alone regimen. Reduced-intensity alloSCT procedures now are being performed at an increasing rate, in part due to a lower risk for TRM. Until more data are available, however, reduced-intensity alloSCT should be considered only in cases where myeloablative conditioninig is contra-indicated. There are no clear means for choosing ASCT versus alloSCT, a decision influenced by amount of residual tumor, disease-responsiveness, degree of marrow involvement and extent of prior chemotherapy. ASCT or alloSCT in first remission remains an investigational procedure. Future considerations include incorporation of novel preparative regimens, in vitro purging techinques, anti-lymphoma vaccines, post-transplant immunotherapy and ex vivo-manipulated donor lymphocyte infusions.
Simulation Of Stray Light In Optical Systems With The Guerap III

The GUERAP III is a sophisticated stray light analysis computer program. It uses the Monte Carlo method with importance sampling to trace random real rays through an optical sensor model. The program is useful for calculating stray light in an existing optical sensor and for determining dominant paths of scattered light to aid in the improvement of an optical baffle. The accuracy of the program depends on the accuracy of the input data for geometry and surface scatter characteristics. The uncertainty in the random ray trace depends on the proper use of importance sampling.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A new octamolybdate: observation of the θ-isomer in [Fe(tpyprz)2]2[Mo8O26] · 3.7H2O (tpyprz=tetra-2-pyridylpyrazine)

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of Fe(CH3CO2)2, tetra-2-pyridylpyrazine (tpyprz) and (NH4)6Mo7O24 · 4H2O yields purple crystals of [Fe(tpyprz)2]2[Mo8O26] · 3.7H2O. The discrete octamolybdate anions represent a new isomeric form, θ-[Mo8O26]4−. The cluster anion consists of four octahedra, two square pyramids, and two tetrahedra in an edge- and corner-sharing arrangement. A computational study of the isomer using both a single-point energy calculation of the crystallographic coordinates and a geometry optimization of the isomer at the Restricted Hartree–Fock level of theory illustrates the similarities of the θ-isomer and the low energy δ-isomer reported previously.
Intraoperative infusion of lytic drugs for thrombotic complications of revascularization.

Abstract Between August 1983 and December 1987, 23 patients received a 30-minute intraoperative, intraarterial infusion of streptokinase (seven patients) or urokinase (16 patients) because of residual thrombus or persistent ischemia or both after thromboembolectomy. Ages ranged from 21 to 77 years (mean, 58 years). In 15 patients intraoperative lytic therapy was part of the initial operation, whereas in eight patients intraoperative lytic therapy was performed during a secondary operation to treat thrombosis of a recently placed graft. Seven patients in the latter group had hypercoagulable conditions (five had heparin-induced thrombosis; one had protein C deficiency; one had polycythemia with thrombocytosis). Improvement after intraoperative lytic therapy was seen on angiography performed after infusion in 13 of 17 (76%) patients in whom angiography was performed both before and after intraoperative lytic therapy. Grafts in 12 of these patients remained patent without additional intervention, and in one graft thrombus formed again. In contrast, among four patients without angiographic evidence of improvement, thrombus formed again in four grafts ( p p
Effect of the Women's Health Initiative on women's decisions to discontinue postmenopausal hormone therapy.

Abstract Objective To examine whether women who were using postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) before publication of Women's Health Initiative findings about risks associated with HT had been informed about the findings once published; and to estimate how knowledge of these findings was associated with their decision to discontinue HT. Methods We performed a telephone survey of 670 female members of a large health maintenance organization, aged 50–69 yr, who had regularly used HT from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002. Results Most women (93%) reported hearing about the new findings; however, only 57% considered the quality of this information to be good, regardless of its source: mass media (21%), the health plan (32%), or a health care practitioner (34%). Women's knowledge of Women's Health Initiative findings was generally poor; 64% did not know what the findings were, 7% were unsure of their knowledge, 6% had incorrect knowledge, and 23% had correct knowledge of Women's Health Initiative findings. On a simple, five-question, true-or-false quiz about HT risks, 30% of respondents answered four to five questions correctly. Although not well informed, 56% reported attempting to discontinue HT in the 6 to 8 months after July 2002. Our multivariable model included five statistically significant predictors of attempting to stop HT: having been sent a letter about Women's Health Initiative findings (odds ratio [OR] 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8, 3.9), reporting good-quality information from media (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.3, 3.3), having started HT for health promotion (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2, 3.3), using a lower-than-standard dosage of estrogen (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1, 3.1), and correctly answering four or more items on the HT quiz (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2, 2.8). Conclusion During the 6–8 months after publication of Women's Health Initiative trial findings, most regular postmenopausal HT users tried to stop using HT, despite not being well informed about the Women's Health Initiative findings.
Reading instruction for diverse classrooms: research-based, culturally responsive practice

by Ellen McIntyre, Mancy Hulan, and Vicky Layne, New York, The Guilford Press, 2011, 300 pp., $30.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-60918-053-9 As student population becomes increasingly diverse in schools ...
The central cavity in trimeric glutamate transporters restricts ligand diffusion

A prominent aqueous cavity is formed by the junction of three identical subunits in the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) family. To investigate the effect of this structure on the interaction of ligands with the transporter, we recorded currents in voltage-clamped Xenopus oocytes expressing EAATs and used concentration jumps to measure binding and unbinding rates of a high-affinity aspartate analog that competitively blocks transport (β-2-fluorenyl-aspartylamide; 2-FAA). The binding rates of the blocker were approximately one order of magnitude slower than l-Glu and were not significantly different for EAAT1, EAAT2, or EAAT3, but 2-FAA exhibited higher affinity for the neuronal transporter EAAT3 as a result of a slower dissociation rate. Unexpectedly, the rate of recovery from block was increased by l-Glu in a saturable and concentration-dependent manner, ruling out a first-order mechanism and suggesting that following unbinding, there is a significant probability of ligand rebinding to the same or neighboring subunits within a trimer. Consistent with such a mechanism, coexpression of wild-type subunits with mutant (R447C) subunits that do not bind glutamate or 2-FAA also increased the unblocking rate. The data suggest that electrostatic and steric factors result in an effective dissociation rate that is approximately sevenfold slower than the microscopic subunit unbinding rate. The quaternary structure, which has been conserved through evolution, is expected to increase the transporters' capture efficiency by increasing the probability that following unbinding, a ligand will rebind as opposed to being lost to diffusion.
Ultrasonic wave visualization using double-exposure holographic interferometry

A technique by which ultrasonic waves are visualized is described. The method uses double- exposure holographic interferometry using iron doped lithium niobate crystals as the storage medium. These photorefractive crystals are self-developing, erasable and reusable, making them attractive for interferometry applications. This paper presents results of: (1) ultrasonic field parameters determined using the holographic method such as ultrasonic wavelength, and true resonance frequency of the transducer, (2) an example of image enhancement using image-substraction by phase modulation, and (3) initial results of visualization of ultrasonic wave fronts using a Nd:YAG laser.
Catch It If You Can How Contagious Motivation Improves Group Projects and Course Satisfaction

This article proposes a theory-based contagious motivation model focusing on enhancing student perceptions of group projects and ultimately course satisfaction. Moreover, drawing from both pedagogi...
A physical-genetic map of the lipid-containing bacteriophage PR4

Abstract A physical map of the bacteriophage PR4 genome was constructed which includes 59 sites for 10 restriction endonucleases. The average size of the phage PR4 genome estimated from the sum of DNA fragments generated with the restriction endonucleases Hph I, Mnl I, Bgl I, Alw NI, and Bst XI is 15, 170 ± 240 bp. A collection of recombinant plasmids containing restriction fragments of PR4 DNA generated with Bgl I, Hph I, Mnl I, and Xmn I inserted into either the low copy number plasmid vector pHSG575 or the high copy number plasmid vector pUC19 was constructed. This collection of recombinant plasmids represents roughly 93% of the PR4 genome. We also constructed a bank of 136 recombinant plasmids containing PR4 DNA fragments resulting from Hpa II partial digestion. We have localized 13 genes on the phage PR4 genome through marker rescue with these phage DNA clones. These genes include the structural genes for the major capsid protein (P2) and a nonstructural protein (P6A) implicated in virus assembly.
Newer approaches to gemcitabine-based therapy of pancreatic cancer: Fixed-dose-rate infusion and novel agents

Abstract Purpose To review the use of gemcitabine-based therapy in pancreatic cancer, including fixed-dose-rate (FDR) infusion and novel combinations. Results On the basis of pharmacokinetic data, studies have been performed using an FDR of gemcitabine of 10 mg/m 2 /min in an effort to maintain a critical plasma concentration of gemcitabine, and thus increase tumor cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy. The dose-limiting toxicities in Phase I studies were mucositis and myelosuppression. A multicenter Phase II study compared two schedules of gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic cancer, a single dose of 2200 mg/m 2 infused for 30 min, and a constant infusion of 1500 mg/m 2 given at 10 mg/m 2 /min. A somewhat improved response rate and survival for the FDR arm compared with the 30-min-infusion arm was observed. In addition, a wide variety of new compounds targeting specific molecules involved in cell control, cell growth, and apoptosis have been used in combination with gemcitabine and are reviewed. Conclusion Further development of FDR gemcitabine in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents is ongoing. Because none of the new compounds investigated has as yet shown improvement compared with single-agent gemcitabine in prospectively randomized trials, gemcitabine remains the standard of care in pancreatic cancer.
A Foggy View from Olympus

In the United States in 1957 a fresh intellectual excitement emerged within the field of educational administration; high hopes were held for the potential contribution of theory‐oriented research. But in retrospect from 1967 the promise of the decade does not appear to have been fulfilled. Vast Federal funding has proven to be only a mixed blessing. An obsessional preoccupation with “change” has diverted efforts away from basic research, has induced intellectual homogenization within the academic community, and has bombarded administrators with so many exigencies that their planning efforts have been increasingly concentrated upon short‐term perspectives, at best. Never before have politics, education and welfare been commingled so incestuously. Four serious concerns that must now be dealt with in our graduate programs are: the mythology of human motivations; the juggernant of “the Technological Society”; the mythology of change; and the impact of existentialism upon modern man.
Uncertainty Analysis of Radiative Heating Predictions for Titan Entry

The objective of this study was to investigate the uncertainty in shock layer radiative heating predictions on the surface of a hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator during Titan entry at peak radiative heating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of planetary entry flows and radiative heating predictions possess a significant amount of uncertainty due to the complexity of the flow physics and the difficulty in obtaining accurate experimental results of molecular-level phenomena. Sources of uncertainty considered include flowfield chemical rate models, molecular band emission, and the excitation/deexcitation rates of molecules modeled with a non-Boltzmann approach. Because of the computational cost of the numerical models, uncertainty quantification was performed with a surrogate modeling approach based on a sparse approximation of the point-collocation nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion. Accurate uncertainty results were obtained with only 500 evaluations of the computational...
Acoustic metamaterial structures based on multi-frequency vibration absorbers

This paper presents a new metamaterial beam based on multi-frequency vibration absorbers for broadband vibration absorption. The proposed metamaterial beam consists of a uniform isotropic beam and small two-mass spring-mass- damper subsystems at many locations along the beam to act as multi-frequency vibration absorbers. For an infinite metamaterial beam, governing equations of a unit cell are derived using the extended Hamilton principle. The existence of two stopbands is demonstrated using a model based on averaging material properties over a cell length and a model based on finite element modeling and the Bloch-Floquet theory for periodic structures. For a finite metamaterial beam, because these two idealized models cannot be used for finite beams and/or elastic waves having short wavelengths, a finite-element method is used for detailed modeling and analysis. The concepts of negative effective mass and effective stiffness and how the spring-mass-damper subsystem creates two stopbands are explained in detail. Numerical simulations reveal that the actual working mechanism of the proposed metamaterial beam is based on the concept of conventional mechanical vibration absorbers. For an incoming wave with a frequency in one of the two stopbands, the absorbers are excited to vibrate in their optical modes to create shear forces to straighten the beam and stop the wave propagation. For an incoming wave with a frequency outside of but between the two stopbands, it can be efficiently damped out by the damper with the second mass of each absorber. Hence, the two stopbands are connected into a wide stopband. Numerical examples validate the concept and show that the structure’s boundary conditions do not have significant influence on the absorption of high-frequency waves. However, for absorption of low-frequency waves, the structure’s boundary conditions and resonance frequencies and the location and spatial distribution of absorbers need to be considered in design, and it is better to use heavier masses for absorbers.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Usage for Behavioral Health Indications

Evidence on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities in the treatment of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and atten- tion-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reviewed. There is strong evidence to support the use of St. John's wort (SJW) in depression, and growing support for the use of omega-3 fatty acids and S-adenosyl-L-methionine as potential adjuncts to conventional therapies. Evidence is insufficient to support the antidepressant benefit of dehydroepiandrosterone, inositol, folate, and saffron. Only kava has high-quality evidence for use in the treatment of anxiety disorders, and its use is discouraged because of safety concerns. There is preliminary supportive evidence for valerian and inositol treatment of anxiety, but SJW and passionflower have achieved little research support. Melatonin is likely to be useful in treating delayed sleep phase, jet lag, or shift work, but there is little evidence for the benefit of valerian compared with placebo. There are currently no evidence-supported CAM treatments for ADHD (zinc and omega-3 fatty acids are reviewed).
Dynamic Factor Model on directional drilling system

Bottom Hole Assemblies (BHA) that operates under downhole drilling conditions, such as directional drilling system containing measurement-while-drilling (MWD) / logging-while-drilling(LWD) module, can experience a significant amount of extremely high vibration stresses and extreme downhole temperature over their lifetimes. With the stress accumulated, it might induce downhole IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors) trip for failure. Failures of drilling systems require tripping the equipment out of the hole to replace it, resulting in ½-2 days of Non-Productive Time (NPT) on drilling rigs costing $100K-$1M/day. Moreover, with Bottom Hole Temperature and Pressure increasing, the reliability requirement on the drilling system is highly in demand.
Banks' Voluntary Adoption of Fair Value Accounting and Interbank Competition ∗

We study the role of interbank competition in shaping banks’ incentives to use fair-value accounting voluntarily and the impact of fair-value discretion on banks’ competing strategies. We find that allowing banks discretion to use fair-value accounting may give rise to multiple equilibria in situations where the equilibrium would be otherwise unique. When the profitability in the banking industry is sufficiently large or bank competition is not intense, a “mild” equilibrium stands as the unique equilibrium; when the profitability is sufficiently small or bank competition is very intense, an “aggressive” equilibrium sustains as the unique equilibrium; when the profitability is intermediate or bank competition is moderate, both mild and aggressive equilibria exist. Furthermore, we show factors that may lead to a shift between the two equilibria. The analysis in this study may provide insights and help us to better understand the role of accounting in the recent crisis.
Forgotten major elements: Hydrogen and oxygen variation in biotite from metapelites

Variations in the H{sup +} and O{sup 2{minus}} content of minerals have been virtually ignored since the advent of the electron microprobe in the mid-1960s. Such studies do not serve as a basis for consideration of the variation of other major constituents such as Fe{sup 3+}, H{sup +}, and O{sup 2{minus}}. The authors report results of a comprehensive study of all major element compositional variation in biotite using samples from a suite of metapelites ranging from lower garnet to sillimanite + K-feldspar grades. The data show that Fe{sup 3+} remains constant within analytical error while percentages by weight of H{sub 2}O and O decrease and increase, respectively, with increasing metamorphic grade. H{sup +} and O{sup 2{minus}} contents of biotite appear to be highly sensitive to temperature and pressure. Samples from low metamorphic grades contain bulk H{sup +} contents > 4 H{sup +}/formula unit. Excess H{sup +} probably occupies vacancies in the interlayer sites as either H{sub 2}O or H{sub 3}O. These results will have an impact on geoscience disciplines that make assumptions about stoichiometry of hydrous phases. For example, the temperature range of reactions involving the breakdown of hydrous phases with more or less H{sup +} than predicted will change,more » in some cases dramatically, and any calculations involving water activities must be modified to consider H{sup +} variation. Partitioning of H{sup +} among coexisting hydrous phases ({delta}D studies) may be affected by both amount of H{sup +} and its location and bonding (interlayer H{sub 2}O or H{sub 3}O vs. OH{sup {minus}}). Ar diffusivities calculated for {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar work will be influenced by the H{sup +} occupancy in the interlayer sites. Cation substitution models for H{sup +}-bearing phases need to consider exchanges involving both H{sup +} and O{sup 2{minus}}.« less
Carotid artery stents for blunt cerebrovascular injury: risks exceed benefits.

Background Carotid stenting has been advocated in patients with grade III blunt carotid artery injuries (hereafter referred to as “blunt CAIs”) because of the persistence of the pseudoaneurysm and concern for subsequent embolization or rupture. Hypothesis Carotid stenting is safe and effective for blunt CAIs. Design Analysis of a prospective database of all patients with blunt CAIs. Setting A state-designated, level I, urban trauma center. Patients and Methods In January 1, 1996, we initiated comprehensive screening for blunt CAIs with angiography based on injury patterns. Patients without contraindications receive anticoagulation therapy immediately for documented lesions. Patients with persistent pseudoaneurysms on a second angiography at 7 to 10 days after injury are candidates for stent placement. Results During the study period (January 1, 1996, to May 1, 2004), 46 patients sustained blunt carotid pseudoaneurysms; 23 (50%) underwent carotid stent placement. There were 4 complications in patients undergoing carotid stent placement: 3 strokes and 1 subclavian dissection. Follow-up angiography was performed in 38 patients (18 patients with stents who received antithrombotic agents, 20 patients who received antithrombotic agents alone); 8 patients had poststent carotid occlusion despite having received concurrent anticoagulation therapy. Carotid occlusion rates were significantly different (45% in patients with stents vs 5% in those who received antithrombotic agents alone). In the patients not undergoing stent placement, the only complication was a middle cerebral artery stroke in a patient not treated with antithrombotic therapy. Conclusions Patients who have carotid stents placed for blunt carotid pseudoaneurysms have a 21% complication rate and a documented occlusion rate of 45%. In contrast, patients treated with antithrombotic agents alone had an occlusion rate of 5%; no asymptomatic patient treated with antithrombotic agents for their injury had a stroke. Antithrombotic therapy remains the recommended therapy for blunt CAIs, but the role of intraluminal stents remains to be defined.
Perinatal Depression Treatment Preferences Among Latina Mothers

The study described here was designed to determine treatment preferences among Latinas to identify treatment options that meet their needs and increase their engagement. Focus group interviews were conducted with 22 prenatal and postpartum Latinas at risk for depression. The group interviews were conducted in Spanish and English using a standardized interview protocol. Focus group transcripts were analyzed to identify themes regarding perinatal depression coping strategies, preferred approaches to treating perinatal depression, and recommendations for engaging perinatal Latinas in treatment. The results suggest that Latinas’ treatment preferences consist of a pathway (i.e., hierarchical) approach that begins with the use of one’s own resources, followed by the use of formal support systems (e.g., home-visiting nurse), and supplemented with the use of behavioral therapy. Antidepressant use was judged to be acceptable only in severe cases or after delivery. The data indicate that to increase health-seeking behaviors among perinatal Latinas, practitioners should first build trust.
Factors influencing use of an e-health website in a community sample of older adults

Objective The use of the internet as a source of health information and link to healthcare services has raised concerns about the ability of consumers, especially vulnerable populations such as older adults, to access these applications. This study examined the influence of training on the ability of adults (aged 45+ years) to use the Medicare.gov website to solve problems related to health management. The influence of computer experience and cognitive abilities on performance was also examined. Design Seventy-one participants, aged 47–92, were randomized into a Multimedia training, Unimodal training, or Cold Start condition and completed three healthcare management problems. Measurement and analyses Computer/internet experience was measured via questionnaire, and cognitive abilities were assessed using standard neuropsychological tests. Performance metrics included measures of navigation, accuracy and efficiency. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, χ2 and regression techniques. Results The data indicate that there was no difference among the three conditions on measures of accuracy, efficiency, or navigation. However, results of the regression analyses showed that, overall, people who received training performed better on the tasks, as evidenced by greater accuracy and efficiency. Performance was also significantly influenced by prior computer experience and cognitive abilities. Participants with more computer experience and higher cognitive abilities performed better. Conclusions The findings indicate that training, experience, and abilities are important when using complex health websites. However, training alone is not sufficient. The complexity of web content needs to be considered to ensure successful use of these websites by those with lower abilities.
NPOESS aircraft sounder testbed-microwave: observations of clouds and precipitation at 54, 118, 183, and 425 GHz

The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Aircraft Sounder Testbed-Microwave (NAST-M) includes spectrometers operating near the oxygen lines at 50-57, 118.75, and 424.76 GHz, and a spectrometer centered on the water vapor absorption line at 183.31 GHz. All four of the spectrometers' antenna horns are collocated, have 3-dB (full-width at half-maximum) beamwidths of 7.5/spl deg/, and are directed at a single mirror that scans cross-track beneath the aircraft with a swath up to 100-km wide. The first part of the paper describes the instrumentation and calibration for the newly installed spectrometers at 183.31 and 424.76 GHz. The second part demonstrates the potential performance of NAST-M, by presenting radiance images and precipitation rate and cell-top retrievals obtained during overflights of isolated convective storm cells, and by comparing these results with coincident visible images. NAST-M radiances are also compared with visible, infrared, and radar images. The nonlinear retrieval method was trained with a simple precipitation model. The data were obtained during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE 2002) and the Pacific THORpex (THe Observing-system Research and predictability experiment) Observing System Test (PTOST 2003).
Wood anatomy and wood density in shrubs: Responses to varying aridity along transcontinental transects

Wood density plays a key role in ecological strategies and life history variation in woody plants, but little is known about its anatomical basis in shrubs. We quantified the relationships between wood density, anatomy, and climate in 61 shrub species from eight field sites along latitudinal belts between 31° and 35° in North and South America. Measurements included cell dimensions, transverse areas of each xylem cell type and percentage contact between different cell types and vessels. Wood density was more significantly correlated with precipitation and aridity than with temperature. High wood density was achieved through reductions in cell size and increases in the proportion of wall relative to lumen. Wood density was independent of vessel traits, suggesting that this trait does not impose conduction limitations in shrubs. The proportion of fibers in direct contact with vessels decreased with and was independent of wood density, indicating that the number of fiber-vessel contacts does not explain the previously observed correlation between wood density and implosion resistance. Axial and radial parenchyma each had a significant but opposite association with wood density. Fiber size and wall thickness link wood density, life history, and ecological strategies by controlling the proportion of carbon invested per unit stem volume.
The university of Minnesota programme in computational science

The University of Minnesota installed a Cray-1A supercomputer in December 1981. In the past five years programmes for research, instruction and public service in computational science and engineering have been developed that utilize the Cray-1A and successive machines. The University currently operates a Cray-2 and a Cyber 205.
BRCMOCRIPTINE INHIBITS COLONY FORMATION BY RAT PITUITARY TUMOR CELLS IN A DOUBLE-LAYERED AGAR CLONOGENIC ASSAY.

In order to assess the possible antiproliferative action of bromocriptine on pituitary tumors, the effects of the drug on colony formation were studied using GH3 cells grown in double-layered agar. Bromocriptine (300 nM) clearly inhibited both the number of colonies arising from single tumor cells as well as the size of the tumor cell colonies (p<0.001). The drug did not inhibit colony formation by cells derived from 2 non-pituitary tumors. The data show that this dopamine agonist blocks proliferation of rat pituitary tumor cells in vitro and lend further support to the preliminary clinical observations of an anti-tumor effect of bromocriptine in man.
Multifocal Synchronous Granular Cell Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare and unusual tumors, which are usually benign and asymptomatic. Only 5–10% of cases involve the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly as singular, non-cancerous lesions in the esophagus. We report a rare case of symptomatic, multifocal, synchronous GCT involving the esophagus, stomach, and cecum.
E-PHEMT, single supply, power amplifier for Ku band applications

The development of enhancement mode PHEMT (E-PHEMT), single supply, 10.5 to 18GHz wide band power amplifier MMICs is described. The amplifier was designed with prematching techniques utilizing a 0.5/spl mu/m GaAs E-PHEMT production process. The designed power amplifier exhibit 13 dB of small signal gain, 26.5dBm 1dB gain compression output power at 16 GHz. This MMIC was fabricated in Agilent's advanced E-PHEMT process and have been demonstrated in fully production capability.
Trichoepithelioma with an adjacent basal cell carinoma, transformation or collision?

Trichoepitheliomas (TEs) are benign follicular neoplasms that can be difficult to separate histologically from basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). It is important to make this distinction, because the treatments and prognoses differ for the two lesions. Previous reports have employed both histologic and immunohistochemical data in order to separate these two lesions. It is believed that transformation from a TE to a BCC is a rare event. We describe a case in which a single lesion with features of TE and BCC is present in a patient with multiple lesions of BCC.
The New Battle of the Brands: Purchase Patterns for Generics after Two Years in the Market

Since their introduction less than three years ago, generics have achieved as much as 15 percent market share in some product categories. The focus of the research presented here is on the characteristics of consumers who are purchasing generics and whether they are switching from national or private brands.
Contemporary methods for evaluating complex project proposals

The ability to evaluate project proposals, assessing future success, and organizational value is critical to overall business performance for most enterprises. Yet, predicting project success is difficult and often unreliable. A four-year field study shows that the effectiveness of available methods for evaluating and selecting large, complex project depends on the specific project type, organizational culture, and managerial skills. This paper examines the strength and limitations of various evaluation methods. It also shows that, especially in complex project situations, the decision-making process has to go beyond the application of just analytical methods, but has to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative measures into a combined rational judgmental evaluation process. Equally important, the evaluation process must be effectively linked among functional support groups and with senior management in order to strategically align the project proposal and to unify the evaluation team and stakeholder community behind the mission objectives. All of this requires leadership and managerial skills in planning, organizing, and communicating. The paper suggests specific leadership actions, organizational conditions, and managerial processes for evaluating complex project proposals toward future value and success.
In‐vivo analysis of angiogenesis and revascularization of transplanted pancreatic islets using confocal microscopy

A technique to measure angiogenesis and revascularization in pancreatic islets transplanted at the renal subcapsular site in the rat has been developed. In-vivo imaging of the microcirculation of transplanted pancreatic islets was conducted using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) to achieve optical sectioning through the graft in order to perform a computer reconstruction of the three-dimensional neovascular morphology. Individual islets were harvested by enzymatic digestion of excised pancreas from Fischer 344 rats. Isolated islets were cultured for 24 h, and approximately 300-350 islets were transplanted at the renal subcapsular site of the left kidney in an anaesthetized rat. Six to 14 days post-transplantation, the animal was anaesthetized and prepared for in-vivo imaging of the microvasculature on a Zeiss LSM-10. Optical contrast of the microvasculature was enhanced by the administration of fluorescein-labelled dextran into the circulating blood. The transplant site was identified and serial sections were obtained through the vascular bed at varying z-intervals. Complementary fluorescence video images were also obtained via a silicon intensifier tube camera mounted on the CSLM. At completion of the imaging procedure, the kidney was returned into the body cavity, the area was sutured and the animal was allowed to recuperate for subsequent examinations. Image processing algorithms, such as grey-level thresholding, median filtering, skeletonization and template matching, were applied to compute the vessel density and diameters and extrapolated to measure 3-D vessel lengths and the tortousity index of the neovasculature.
Measuring the Neutrino-Nucleon Cross Section with SalSA

These proceedings describe a study of the expected sensitivity of the SalSA experiment to the neutrino-nucleon cross section. We expect the measurement to be statistics limited for the events rates expected from SalSA. With 100 measured events, we expect to measure a standard model cross section with a 38% uncertainty that is dominantly statistical.
Ubiquitination of Keap1, a BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor protein for Cul3, targets Keap1 for degradation by a proteasome-independent pathway

Keap1 is a BTB-Kelch protein that functions as a substrate adaptor protein for a Cul3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Keap1 targets its substrate, the Nrf2 transcription factor, for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26 S proteasome. Inhibition of Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2 increases steady-state levels of Nrf2 and enables activation of cytoprotective Nrf2-dependent genes. In this report, we demonstrate that Keap1 and three other BTB-Kelch proteins, including GAN1, ENC1, and Sarcosin, are ubiquitinated by a Cul3-dependent complex. Ubiquitination of Keap1 is markedly increased in cells exposed to quinone-induced oxidative stress, occurs in parallel with inhibition of Keap1-dependent ubiquitination of Nrf2, and results in decreased steady-state levels of Keap1, particularly in cells that are unable to synthesize glutathione. Degradation of Keap1 is independent of the 26 S proteasome, because inhibitors of the 26 S proteasome do not prevent loss of Keap1 following exposure of cells to quinone-induced oxidative stress. Our results suggest that a switch from substrate to substrate adaptor ubiquitination is a critical regulatory step that controls steady-state levels of both BTB-Kelch substrate adaptor proteins and their cognate substrates.
The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety

Converging evidence now indicates that the amygdala plays a crucial role in the development and expression of conditioned fear. Conditioned fear is a hypothetical construct used to explain the cluster of behavioral effects produced when an initially neutral stimulus is consistently paired with an aversive stimulus. For example, when a light, which initially has no behavioral effect, is paired with an aversive stimulus such as a footshock, the light alone can elicit a constellation of behaviors that are typically used to define a state of fear in animals. To explain these findings, it is generally assumed (cf. McAllister & McAllister 1971 ) that during light-shock pair­ ings (training session ), the shock elicits a variety of behaviors that can be used to infer a central state of fear (unconditioned responses-Figure 1 ). After pairing , the light can produce the same central fear state and thus the same set of bchaviors formerly produced by thc shock. Moreover, the behavioral effects that are produced in animals by this formerly neutral stimulus (now called a conditioned stimulus-CS ) are similar in many respects to the constellation of behaviors that are used to diagnose gener­ alized anxiety in humans (Table 1 ). This chapter summarizes data sup­ porting the idea that the amygdala, and its many efferent projections, may represent a central fear system involved in both the expression and acquisition of conditioned fear.
Virtual Realities and Virtual Welters: A Note on the Commerce Clause Implications of Regulating Cyberporn

This Essay draws an analogy between interstate catalog taxation cases such as Quill and National Bellas Hess, and the impact of disparate state obscenity laws on Internet porn. It suggests that the burden of complaying with disparate state obscenity standards could be, like the burden on catalog sellers of complying with disparate sales taxes and classifications, a burden on interstate commerce sufficient to trigger dormant commerce clause scrutiny. It also suggests that First Amendment doctrine should take account of similar concerns and chilling effects.
Integrated approach

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), with its NextGen Air Transportation System (NextGen) and Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) initiatives, is moving towards a concept of integrated procedures implementation. Performance-Based Navigation initiatives include implementing Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) routes and procedures. The integrative concept of implementation of these procedures would mean a migration away from site by site (or runway by runway) procedure implementation process towards a NextGen readiness concept. This concept will include development of an integrated system of PBN routes and procedures by geographic area (incorporating metro areas and outlying airports). This concept delivers optimum benefits for the air traffic and carrier community. In addition, the integrative approach helps in prioritizing and formulating the funding requests to combine airspace, environmental, and procedures development. This paper discusses different aspects of this integrative approach.
Effect of Stress-induced Magnetic Anisotropy on the Properties of Giant Magnetostrictive Single Layer and Multilayer Thin Films

Giant magnetostrictive thin films deposited on nonmagnetic substrates can constitute effective sensors and actuators for microdevices. In this work, we investigated the effects of a stress-induced anisotropy on the magnetic properties of Tb0.4Fe0.6, Fe0.5Co0.5 single layer films and [Tb0.4Fe0.6/Fe0.5Co0.5]n multilayers deposited on Si substrates. The magnetostrictive thin films were fabricated by means of RF sputtering and were subjected to a post-deposition annealing treatment. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was induced by bending the substrate before deposition and then allowing it to resume its original flat shape after depositing the film. The heat treatment was performed in a vacuum system with a vacuum of 10−6 Torr. The magnetic properties of the fabricated specimens were measured using a SQUID. SEM and XRD analyses were performed to ensure that the thermal treatment would relax the internal stresses induced during the deposition process without crystallizing the film. The thickness of the single layer thin films studied was between 300 and 800 nm while multilayer samples consisted of 6 layers with each layer thickness ranged from about 20 to 40 nm. Compared to single layer samples, multilayer samples with stress anneal growth exhibited an improvement in magnetic saturation by a factor of two while maintaining a low coercive field. Manipulations of the magnitude and direction of magnetic anisotropy was observed by introducing various values of tensile and compressive stress into the film.
Abstract P5-06-10: ErbB Signaling Is Required for Activation of Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase and Transformation of Mammary Epithelial Cells by Polyomavirus Middle T Antigen

Summary Polyomavirus middle T (PyVmT) transforms cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Overexpression of ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimers, potent activators of PI3K, occurs in PyVmT-driven mouse mammary tumors, but without known cause and consequence. Inhibition of ErbB2 with lapatinib, or genetically engineered loss of ErbB3, decreased PI3K signaling and tumor growth in mice, suggesting ErbB2/ErbB3 is required by PyVmT. ErbB2/ErbB3 formed signaling complexes containing PyVmT, p85 and Src. EZN-3920, a novel high-affinity oligonucleotide targeting ErbB3 transcripts, impaired ErbB3 expression in vivo, decreased PI3K signaling, cell survival, and growth of tumors, and improved response to lapatinib. Therefore, PyVmT utilizes ErbB2/ErbB3 overexpression to drive PI3K signaling. Furthermore, the challenge of ErbB3 as a kinase-inactive therapeutic target can be overcome by targeting ErbB3 mRNA transcripts in vivo. Significance Given the widespread use of, and knowledge gained from the MMTV-PyVmT transgenic mouse breast cancer model, understanding how PyVmT utilizes existing cell signaling programs is necessary to interpret how results impact our understanding/treatment of human breast cancers. We found that ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimers were a necessary part of PyVmT signaling complexes involving Src and PI3K, and that PyVmT depends on ErbB3 in the breast epithelium for PI3K activity and tumor growth. Because ErbB3 harbors a weak/inactive tyrosine kinase, therapeutic anti-ErbB3 interventions present with challenges. Further, anti-ErbB3 antibodies that block ligand interaction with ErbB3 do not alter ligand-independent ErbB3 signaling. However. these challenges were overcome using high-affinity oligonucleotides targeting ErbB3 mRNA. Use of the oligonucleotide EZN-3920 effectively reduced ErbB3 expression, inhibited PyVmT tumor growth, and improved the response of tumors to lapatinib. These results support oligonucleotide knock-down of targets as potential therapeutic strategy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-10.
Does the Type of Material Information Matter to CEO Turnover

Using hand-collected data to obtain the nature of material information, I examine whether and how the likelihood of CEO turnover is associated with material information disclosures. I find the likelihood of CEO turnover increases following different types of material information announcements. Further, I partitioned the sample into the various stages of company life cycle in order to determine whether life cycle stage affects the relationship between the disclosure of material information and CEO turnover. The results show that the disclosure of material information by companies only in maturity and decline is associated with high CEO turnover.
Circuit lower bounds ag la Kolmogorov

Abstract In a recent paper, Razborov ( in "Feasible Mathematics II" (P. Clote and J. Remmel, Eds.), gave a new combinatorial proof of Hastad′s switching lemma ( in "Randomness and Computation" (S. Micali, Ed.), pp. 143-170, 1989) eliminating the probabilistic argument altogether. In this paper we adapt his proof and propose a Kolmogorov complexity-style switching lemma, from which we derive the probabilistic switching lemma as well as a Kolmogorov complexity-style proof of circuit lower bounds for parity.
Prediction of prospective medical claims and absenteeism costs for 1284 hourly workers from a manufacturing company.

Multivariate regression models were developed to predict the employer's economic costs (medical claims payments and loss from employees' absenteeism) from selected health-related measures among 1284 hourly employees. Twelve health-related measures, mainly from a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) completed in 1985, were selected as predictors. Regression models were developed according to the economic measures for the three subgroups (men under 35, men 35 or older, and women). All the regression models significantly predicted economic costs from selected health-related measures with a multiple R2 range of .23 to .13 (P less than .001).
Behavioral Therapy for Tourette Disorder: An Update

The past decade has realized substantial progress in understanding and treating Tourette disorder (TD). The goal of this review is to highlight recent research on behavioral approaches for treating TD and to identify limitations to this treatment approach and directions for future research. Two large randomized controlled trials provide the most compelling evidence to date of the efficacy of behavior therapy for reducing tic severity in both children and adults with TD. Historical concerns regarding adverse treatment side effects have been examined and are not supported. However, treatment response remains incomplete and studies have shown that access to trained providers and the burden associated with treatment are significant barriers to utilization. Abbreviated treatment protocols and remote delivery have been investigated and have shown promise for addressing these issues. Behavior therapy is an efficacious treatment for TD, a better understanding of the behavioral and biological mechanism(s) by which behavior therapy operates will likely lead to improved outcomes. Additionally, it is critical to continue to identify barriers to implementation and improve dissemination of this efficacious treatment option.