cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunoassay for quantitative determination of morphine in capsules of Papaver somniferum

Abstract A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the determination of pmol quantitites of morphine in capsule samples of Papaver somniferum was developed. An antiserum developed against a conjugate of morphine-3-hemisuccinate-BSA was relatively specific for morphine and possessed moderated cross-reactivity with codeine and mild cross-reactivity with thebaine, but none with narceine, papaverine, or noscapine. The standard curve was linear over a range of 0.01–0.20 ng. This assay allows for the rapid, sensitive and precise determination of morphine in unpurified aqueous extracts of capsule samples. The amounts of morphine in the aqueous extracts determined by radioimmunoassay were validated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The two methods show a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.98) with no significant difference in determinations of morphine content by RIA and HPLC.
Types of assessment for young children with special needs

Types of assessment for young children with delays and disabilities can include the following approaches: norm‐referenced, criterion referenced/curriculum based, adaptive to handicap, process oriented, and ecologically based evaluation. An explanation of each approach is given with a description of possible advantages and/or disadvantages in a holistic assessment of the young child.
Endovascular stenting of suture line supravalvular pulmonic stenosis after orthotopic heart transplantation using rapid pacing stabilization

A 61-year-old woman, 6 months after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), presented with gradual-onset class III dyspnea and fatigue for 4 months. Her transplantation procedure was significant for right ventricular sternal adhesions after left ventricular assist device placement and significant
Survival and recovery of Mallards and Gadwalls banded in eastern Washington, 1981–1998

Abstract Current estimates of annual survival, an important process affecting population dynamics, are lacking for breeding-waterfowl populations in Washington. I used hunting-season recoveries in conjunction with band-recovery models (program MARK) to estimate survival and recovery probabilities of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and Gadwalls (A. strepera) banded in eastern Washington during 1981–1998. I also evaluated hypotheses about sources of variation in these rates and described the geographical and temporal distribution of band recoveries. Mallard survival and recovery probabilities were sex and age-specific, and recovery rates were year-specific but not strongly correlated with harvest regulations. Survival probability of Mallards was 0.661 for adult males, 0.660 for immature females, 0.606 for adult females, and 0.560 for immature males. Average recovery rates were generally highest for immature males (0.083) followed by adult males (0.050), immature females (0.050), and adult females (0.029). Sur...
Model-based diagnosis and prognosis of a water recycling system

A water recycling system (WRS) deployed at NASA Ames Research Center's Sustainability Base (an energy efficient office building that integrates some novel technologies developed for space applications) will serve as a testbed for long duration testing of next generation spacecraft water recycling systems for future human spaceflight missions. This system cleans graywater (waste water collected from sinks and showers) and recycles it into clean water. Like all engineered systems, the WRS is prone to standard degradation due to regular use, as well as other faults. Diagnostic and prognostic applications will be deployed on the WRS to ensure its safe, efficient, and correct operation. The diagnostic and prognostic results can be used to enable condition-based maintenance to avoid unplanned outages, and perhaps extend the useful life of the WRS. Diagnosis involves detecting when a fault occurs, isolating the root cause of the fault, and identifying the extent of damage. Prognosis involves predicting when the system will reach its end of life irrespective of whether an abnormal condition is present or not. In this paper, first, we develop a physics model of both nominal and faulty system behavior of the WRS. Then, we apply an integrated model-based diagnosis and prognosis framework to the simulation model of the WRS for several different fault scenarios to detect, isolate, and identify faults, and predict the end of life in each fault scenario, and present the experimental results.
Tariffs, The Terms of Trade and Domestic Prices in a Monetary Economy: A Further Analysis

The purpose of this note is to re-examine the recent Batra-Ramachandran (B-R, 1980) investigation of the effects of tariffs in a monetary economy. In particular, we show that under flexible exchange rates the Metzler condition is necessary and sufficient for avoiding the Metzler tariff paradox, as in the usual barter model, thus extending B-R's discussion. Furthermore, we show that the Metzler condition is sufficient for both a tariff-induced appreciation of the exchange rate (under flexible exchange rates) and a tariff-induced payments surplus (under fixed exchange rates). These results can be contrasted with B-R's negative contention that such effects are "indeterminate". This note thus reconciles B-R's results with those we reported elsewhere (Anderson and Takayama 1978).
Wage Discrimination and Comparable Worth: A Legal Perspective

Federal law, as currently written, is theoretically capable of redressing widespread sex- and race-based wage discrimination. However, courts are not now applying these laws in ways that will attain that goal. In legal terms, comparable worth does not describe a legal problem or a theory of liability. The problem is sex- and race-based wage discrimination, and the theories of liability are classic employment discrimination theories. Comparable worth studies may be used as part of the proof that wage discrimination exists, and wages based upon the comparable worth of jobs may be ordered as a remedy if plaintiffs prove discrimination. This article discusses several ways to close the gap between courts' current approach and the law's potential to change wage inequities.
Reactivation and Dedifferentiation of Differentiated Murine Erythroleukemic Cell Nuclei

A murine erythroleukemic cell line, 745 A4-TG, deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase, can be induced with 3 mM hexamethylene bisacetamide to yield at least 50% of cells undergoing irreversible erythroid differentiation and finally losing capacity for cell divisions. The effects of such induced differentiation of 745 A4-TG on its ability to form viable and proliferating hybrids when fused with 3T3 1T22 fibroblasts were investigated. We found that when the induced 745 A4-TG cells were used, more continuously proliferating hybrids were obtained than could be accounted for by the residual uninduced cells which remained in these induced preparations. This suggests that some of the induced 745 A4-TG cells, when fused with 3T3 1T22 reverted from the induced phenotype of a limited capacity for cell proliferation to an uninduced state of continuous proliferation. This observation was further confirmed with the use of fully differentiated 745 A4-TG cells, which were obtained after selection with a bromodeoxyuridine suicide treatment to eliminate the uninduced and the partially differentiated cells in the preparations. When these selected, fully differentiated cells, as characterized by their lack of proliferation capacity and thymidine kinase activity, were fused with 3T3 1T22 (also deficient in thymidine kinase), it was found that not only were viable hybrid colonies obtained in a selection medium, which precluded the proliferation of either parental cells, but these hybrids continued to proliferate for more than two months in selection medium. These data thus confirmed that some fully differentiated erythroleukemic nucleus components in the hybrids were reactivated to regain capacity for cell proliferation and to dedifferentiate to synthesize thymidine kinase for survival in the selection medium. The lack of hemoglobin synthesis by these hybrids also indicates dedifferention of these murine erythroleukemic components in the hybrids.
Metabolic Proximity in the Order of Colonization of a Microbial Community

Microbial biofilms are often composed of multiple bacterial species that accumulate by adhering to a surface and to each other. Biofilms can be resistant to antibiotics and physical stresses, posing unresolved challenges in the fight against infectious diseases. It has been suggested that early colonizers of certain biofilms could cause local environmental changes, favoring the aggregation of subsequent organisms. Here we ask whether the enzyme content of different microbes in a well-characterized dental biofilm can be used to predict their order of colonization. We define a metabolic distance between different species, based on the overlap in their enzyme content. We next use this metric to quantify the average metabolic distance between neighboring organisms in the biofilm. We find that this distance is significantly smaller than the one observed for a random choice of prokaryotes, probably reflecting the environmental constraints on metabolic function of the community. More surprisingly, this metabolic metric is able to discriminate between observed and randomized orders of colonization of the biofilm, with the observed orders displaying smaller metabolic distance than randomized ones. By complementing these results with the analysis of individual vs. joint metabolic networks, we find that the tendency towards minimal metabolic distance may be counter-balanced by a propensity to pair organisms with maximal joint potential for synergistic interactions. The trade-off between these two tendencies may create a “sweet spot” of optimal inter-organism distance, with possible broad implications for our understanding of microbial community organization.
Diagnosis of hematopoietic processes by fine-needle aspiration in conjunction with flow cytometry: A review of 127 cases.

Although fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is accepted as the method of choice for the initial evaluation of lymph nodes for metastatic carcinomas, its utility as the initial diagnostic procedure for hematopoietic processes is less established. We review our experience over a 3-year period with 127 FNA cases accompanied by flow cytometric (FC) analysis from 117 patients. Fifty cases had subsequent histologic examination. A hematopoietic process was identified in 85 cases, a reactive process in 27 cases, and a nonhematopoietic process in 15 cases. All non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were B-cell processes except for one T-cell lymphoma. By FNA/FC, 44 NHL had sufficient findings to be subtyped; of these, 27 had subsequent histologic examination. The correlation between the FNA/FC and histologic classification in these cases of NHL was 100%. One case was insufficient for diagnosis by FNA and six cases were inadequate for FC. We conclude that FNA in conjunction with FC can be used as the initial diagnostic approach for both primary and recurrent hematopoietic processes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;24:1–10. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and reactions of aminooxy carbene complexes of rhenium

Abstract The reaction of Re(CO) 5 Br and H NCH 2 C H 2 , in the presence of Br − , gives the aminooxycarbene complex cis -Re(CO) 4 (Br)( COCH 2 CH 2 N H) (I) at room temperature, but fac -Re(CO) 3 (Br)(= COCH 2 CH 2 N H) 2 (II) is obtained in refluxing CH 3 CN. Refluxing I with PPh 3 in toluene gives fac -Re(CO) 3 (PPh 3 )(Br)( COCH 2 CH 2 N H) (III). Both I and III are deprotonated by n-BuLi to give the imine complexes, Re(CO) 4 (Br)( CNCH 2 CH 2 O ) − Li + and Re(CO) 3 (PPh 3 )(Br)( CNCH 2 CH 2 O ) − Li + , respectively, whose nitrogen atoms are methylated with Me 3 O + to yield the N -methyl carbenes, Re(CO) 4 (Br)( COCH 2 CH 2 N Me) (V) and Re(CO) 3 (Br)(PPh 3 )( COCH 2 CH 2 N Me) (IV). The reaction of V with MeLi yields Re(CO) 4 ( COCH 2 CH 2 N Me) − Li + which then reacts with MeI to generate the carbene alkyl compound Re(CO) 4 (CH 3 )( COCH 2 CH 2 N Me) (VI). Upon reaction with potassium hydrotris(1-pyrazolyl)borate, KHB(pz) 3 , I yields fac -[η 2 -HB(pz) 3 ] Re(CO) 3 ( COCH 2 CH 2 N H) (VII), in which the HB(pz) 3 is only bidentate. Under UV Photolyis VII loses a CO thereby allowing the third pyrazolyl group to coordinate in [η 3 -HB(pz) 3 ]Re(CO) 2 ( COCH 2 CH 2 N H) (VIII). All of the new compounds are characterized by their IR, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR spectra.
Intentions, Gestures, and Salience in Ordinary and Deferred Demonstrative Reference

: In debates about the proper analysis of demonstrative expressions, ostensive gestures and speaker intentions are often seen as competing for primary importance in securing reference. Underlying some of these debates is the mistaken assumption that ostensive gestures always make the demonstrated object maximally salient to interlocutors. When we abandon this assumption and focus on an object’s mutually-recognized salience itself, rather than on how the object came to be salient, we can work towards a more promising analysis with a uniform treatment of demonstrative reference whether or not there is an ostensive gesture, and whether reference is ordinary or deferred.
Molecular weight distributions of tars produced by flash pyrolysis of coals

Abstract The molecular weight distributions of tars produced during flash pyrolysis of coal have been determined by a combination of gel permeation chromatography and vapour phase osmometry. Small particles (62–88 μm) of two high-volatile and one low-volatile bituminous coal, and a lignite have been pyrolysed at heating rates of ≈1000 K s −1 at temperatures from 600 to 1300 K in a heated wire mesh apparatus. The molecular weight distributions range from ≈100 to 4000 and peak in the range from 250 to 750 in all cases. The evidence gathered on a softening bituminous coal clearly indicates a selective evaporation of light fractions of the metaplast.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from carrot

Abstract A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase has been isolated and partially purified from carrot tap-root tissue. The properties of this enzyme are very different from cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases found in mammalian cells. A dialyzable inhibitor of carrot cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was also isolated from carrot tissue. Because the inhibitor behaved like inorganic phosphate on ion-exchange chromatography and inhibited the enzyme in proportion to its inorganic phosphate content, the inhibitor was tentatively identified as inorganic phosphate.
Cages, baskets, ladders, and tubes: conformational studies of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes.

The conformational flexibility of a series of cage, basket, ladder, and tube polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) has been examined using the Low Mode:Monte Carlo conformational search method in conjunction with the MM3*/GBSA(CHCl3) surface. An ensemble of low energy structures was generated and used to explore the molecular shape and flexibility of each system. The results indicate that, except for the ladder molecule, the incompletely condensed systems that are studied are relatively rigid. Even in cases where the molecule is able to adopt numerous low energy conformations, the overall shape remains cage-like and the conformations differ only by small angles or substituent orientations. The ladder molecule is the most flexible and this ensemble clusters into two families: one that is cage-like and the other that is more open and ladder-like. The conformational flexibilities in the gas and solvent phases, as approximated using the GBSA continuum solvent model, are very similar.
Making sense of sensemaking

INTRODUCTION Making sense of the world is a common activity. It happens whenever you confront a new, complex problem. At work, your boss says, “Can you give a presentation next week on how wireless will affect our business?” Or perhaps, you join a new committee, and wonder “Who are these people? Who is in charge? What is our mission? What are we really going to do?” Maybe you move to a new neighborhood, and you try to make sense of the streets, schools, parks, shopping, and neighbors. Or you say to yourself, “I really need to get an updated cellphone--what has been happening with the current set of features, costs, plans and new gadgets?”
Heat units, solar radiation and daylength as pepper harvest predictors

Abstract Daily maximum and minimum air temperature, total solar radiation and daylength data from seven locations during three seasons of 3 years were used to compare 52 heat unit accumulation models with counting days as a harvest prediction method for pepper. The best model was defined as the one with the least variation, i.e. smallest coefficient of variation (CV). CV's were calculated for each method over all seasons and locations, for each method over all locations for each season, and for each method in each season at each location. In all cases heat unit accumulation methods were better than counting days. The location and season specific model was the most accurate, but the analysis over all seasons and locations did result in smaller CV's than counting days, so improved harvest prediction can be achieved by using regionally developed models.
Serine transhydroxymethylase: Mechanism of aldolase activation by folate

Abstract Affinity chromatographic methods have been developed to purify beef liver serine transhydroxymethylase. This enzyme catalyzes both the transfer of aldehydic groups from β-hydroxy amino acids to tetrahydrofolate and the cleavage of β-hydroxy amino acids yielding the free aldehyde. Tetrahydrofolate, folate, and a quinazoline analog of isofolate were found to be activators of the β-phenylserine aldolase reaction catalyzed by serine transhydroxymethylase. Activation by folate was maximal at 20 μ m and higher concentrations diminished the activation. Evidence is presented suggesting that folate does not activate by providing an acceptor site for the aldehydic groups. Equilibrium binding studies showed that folate and tetrahydrofolate can bind the enzyme with essentially the same affinity. Double-reciprocal plots with β-phenylserine from steady-state kinetic experiments did not yield a 1 v 1 , intercept effect except at high folate concentrations. A mechanism is proposed in which folate binds readily to the enzymic active site, facilitating β-phenylserine binding. Folate is subsequently lost, at least partially, prior to product release and complete enzymic turnover.
Is there a relationship between seismic velocity and heat production for crustal rocks

Abstract Several investigators proposed an empirical relationship between heat production and seismic velocity for rocks typical of the continental crust. These relationships could allow for indirect resolution of the distribution of heat-producing elements with depth. New heat production data for rock samples from the Pikwitonei granulite domain and the Sachigo granite-greenstone subprovince of the Superior Province do not follow these relationships indicating that heat production cannot be reliably predicted from seismic velocity. These two parameters are not likely to be related as velocity depends upon the major mineral constituents of rocks whereas heat production results from radiogenic components concentrated in both major and trace minerals in rocks.
Geometric methods for two-point nonlinear boundary value problems

On considere une classe d'equations differentielles de la forme x=F(x˙)+G(x) avec des conditions aux limites soit de Dirichlet soit de Neumann. On etudie l'existence de la solution triviale
Diversity and Software Development

Scott E. Page's diversity framework provides useful insights regarding software engineering research, practice, and education. This editorial discusses the concepts and implications of diversity in this context.
Facile synthesis of (3as)-1,3a-dimethyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7- hyxahydroinden-4(5h)-one, an intermediate for steroid synthesis

Abstract The optically active Wieland-Miescher ketone 2 has been converted in six steps to the enone 9 , a potentially useful synthon for optically active steroid and terpene synthesis.
Langmuir-probe characteristic in the presence of drifting electrons.

The electron current to a negatively biased, cylindrical Langmuir probe is computed for the case of drifting, Maxwellian electrons in a low-pressure discharge. The degree of drift is characterized by ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{d}}$/${\mathit{v}}_{\mathrm{th}}$, where ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{d}}$ and ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ are the electron drift and thermal speeds, respectively. We find that the inflection point of the characteristic underestimates the plasma potential, for ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{d}}$/${\mathit{v}}_{\mathrm{th}}$g1.25. Further, for ${\mathit{v}}_{\mathit{d}}$/${\mathit{v}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ greater than about 0.1, an analysis assuming stationary electrons computes an erroneously high temperature. Probe data from a sputtering magnetron discharge are fitted with the drifting model, giving a concrete example of its use.
A major role for host MHC class I antigen presentation for promoting islet allograft survival.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the role for CD8 T cells versus generalized MHC class I–restricted antigen presentation in islet allograft rejection and tolerance. Diabetic C57BI/6 (B6, H-2b) controls, C57BI/6 CD8-deficient (CD8 KO), or MHC class I–deficient C57BI/6 (β2m KO) recipients were grafted with allogeneic BALB/c (H-2d) islets. Islet allografts were acutely rejected in untreated B6, CD8 KO, and in β2m KO mice, indicating that neither CD8 T cells nor host MHC class I is required for allograft rejection. We then determined the efficacy of costimulation blockade in these same strains. Costimulation blockade with anti-CD154 therapy facilitated long-term islet allograft survival in both B6 and in CD8 KO recipients. However, anti-CD154 treated β2m KO recipients were completely refractory to anti-CD154 therapy; all treated animals acutely rejected islet allografts with or without therapy. Also, anti-NK1.1 treatment of wild-type B6 mice abrogated graft prolongation following anti-CD154 therapy. Taken together, results show a dramatic distinction between two forms of MHC class I–restricted pathways in allograft prolongation. Although anti-CD154-induced allograft survival was CD8 T-cell independent, an intact host MHC class I-restricted (β2m-dependent) pathway is nevertheless necessary for allograft survival. This pathway required NK1.1+ cells, implicating NK and/or NKT cells in promoting allograft prolongation in vivo.
A Resizing Method to Minimize Effects of Hardware Trojans

Due to emerging threats of hardware Trojan insertion, many techniques to detect Trojans and protect the original design have been developed. However, an intelligent adversary is expected to be aware of every state-of-the-art detection technique and develop new countermeasures to make a majority of these obsolete. In this paper, we propose and analyze a new attack scenario that targets every known non-destructive detection method and imposes negligible impact on every measurable circuit parameter. We start by introducing our key ideas for hiding the delay impact of the Trojan via gate resizing. The gate resizing problem is then formulated and implemented. Our method redesigns the circuit at minimal cost without affecting the functionality of the circuit, can be applied in conjunction with any other attack scenario, and maintains its benefit independent of the type and functionality of Trojan circuitry. Finally, via extensive experiments on benchmarks we demonstrate that our method greatly increases the difficulty of detecting Trojans via any combination of delay, current, and power measurements and has very small area overhead.
A New Neighborhood Function for Discrete Manufacturing Process Design Optimization Using Generalized Hill Climbing Algorithms

Discrete manufacturing process design optimization can be difficult, due to the large number of manufacturing process design sequences and associated input parameter setting combinations that exist. Generalized hill climbing algorithms have been introduced to address such manufacturing design problems. Initial results with generalized hill climbing algorithms required the manufacturing process design sequence to be fixed, with the generalized hill climbing algorithm used to identify optimal input parameter settings. This paper introduces a new neighborhood function that allows generalized hill climbing algorithms to be used to also identify the optimal discrete manufacturing process design sequence among a set of valid design sequences. The neighborhood function uses a switch function for all the input parameters, hence allows the generalized hill climbing algorithm to simultaneously optimize over both the design sequences and the inputs parameters. Computational results are reported with an integrated blade rotor discrete manufacturing process design problem under study at the Materials Process Design Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base (Dayton, Ohio, USA). @S1050-0472~00!01002-3#
ADVANCES IN PAIN RESEARCH

In the past 15 years, there have been extraordinary advances in understanding of the systems that process nociceptive information. The major advances up through the first half of the twentieth century were notable for several principal components: (1) the definition of the role of the small-diameter primary afferent (C fiber) in peripheral afferent transmission, (2) the characterization of the connectivity of the dorsal horn and the role of the crossed ascending pathways, and (3) the connectivity of the ascending systems with brain stem and thalamic nuclei. The period since the late 1950s has been characterized by insights that evolved from several major areas of endeavor, including the evolution of single-unit electrophysiology; a better understanding of the pharmacology of central and peripheral receptor systems; and the development of refined techniques of behavioral analyses in animals and humans, which permitted the establishment of the response properties of several of these systems and the functional definition of classes of spinal neurons. These approaches have permitted studies that have led to several important areas of understanding.
Diurnal and seasonal cold lands signatures in SSM/I-scale microwave radiometry of the North Slope of Alaska

Data assimilation of satellite remote sensing observations into hydrologic and meteorological models holds great promise for our ability to estimate and understand a variety of land surface process parameters. Near-surface soil temperature and moisture (quantity and frozen/thawed state) conditions are the most basic parameters needed, and microwave radiometry offers several advantages over other approaches. Radiometry is directly sensitive to temperature and moisture conditions, solar illumination is not required, and clouds do not prevent observations. These are even greater advantages in the climatologically and ecologically sensitive arctic where climate changes are expected to be strongest and to be evident earliest. However, satellite radiometers such as the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/) have relatively coarse spatial resolution (10s of km). And, when the area within a footprint is not homogeneous, disaggregation becomes a major issue. Thus, for example, it can be difficult to study the performance of assimilation techniques in mid-latitude areas. This study expands on our earlier Radiobrightness Energy Balance Experiment-3 (REBEX-3), which featured a tower-based SSM/I simulator deployed on the North Slope of Alaska in 1994-95. In that study, a comparison of tower and satellite signatures at 19 & 37 GHz strongly suggested that the North Slope is radiometrically homogeneous for spatial scales up to SSM/I footprints-an unusual and valuable characteristic that could be exploited for assimilation studies. Here we examine the SSM/I signatures of five North Slope sites.
A Naturally Thermolabile Activity Compromises Genetic Analysis of Telomere Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The core assumption driving the use of conditional loss-of-function reagents such as temperature-sensitive mutations is that the resulting phenotype(s) are solely due to depletion of the mutant protein under nonpermissive conditions. However, prior published data, combined with observations presented here, challenge the generality of this assumption at least for telomere biology: for both wild-type yeast and strains bearing null mutations in telomere protein complexes, there is an additional phenotypic consequence when cells are grown above 34°. We propose that this synthetic phenotype is due to a naturally thermolabile activity that confers a telomere-specific defect, which we call the Tmp− phenotype. This prompted a re-examination of commonly used cdc13-ts and stn1-ts mutations, which indicates that these alleles are instead hypomorphic mutations that behave as apparent temperature-sensitive mutations due to the additive effects of the Tmp− phenotype. We therefore generated new cdc13-ts reagents, which are nonpermissive below 34°, to allow examination of cdc13-depleted phenotypes in the absence of this temperature-dependent defect. A return-to-viability experiment following prolonged incubation at 32°, 34°, and 36° with one of these new cdc13-ts alleles argues that the accelerated inviability previously observed at 36° in cdc13-1 rad9-Δ mutant strains is a consequence of the Tmp− phenotype. Although this study focused on telomere biology, viable null mutations that confer inviability at 36° have been identified for multiple cellular pathways. Thus, phenotypic analysis of other aspects of yeast biology may similarly be compromised at high temperatures by pathway-specific versions of the Tmp− phenotype.
Automatic Set Instance Extraction using the Web

An important and well-studied problem is the production of semantic lexicons from a large corpus. In this paper, we present a system named ASIA (Automatic Set Instance Acquirer), which takes in the name of a semantic class as input (e.g., "car makers") and automatically outputs its instances (e.g., "ford", "nissan", "toyota"). ASIA is based on recent advances in web-based set expansion - the problem of finding all instances of a set given a small number of "seed" instances. This approach effectively exploits web resources and can be easily adapted to different languages. In brief, we use language-dependent hyponym patterns to find a noisy set of initial seeds, and then use a state-of-the-art language-independent set expansion system to expand these seeds. The proposed approach matches or outperforms prior systems on several English-language benchmarks. It also shows excellent performance on three dozen additional benchmark problems from English, Chinese and Japanese, thus demonstrating language-independence.
A Peculiar Sample: The Selection of Slaves for the New Orleans Market

Domestic slave traders selected taller slaves for shipment to the New Orleans market in order to increase their profits. Because traded slaves made up a large share of the slaves shipped coastwise, age/height profiles constructed from the shipping manifests are biased upwards. The extent of the bias appears to be small for adult slaves but not for children; those listed on the manifests were taller than the general population of a comparable age. A great deal of work has been done to estimate the heights of American slaves from the coastwise manifests. The resulting age/ height profiles have been used to infer the age of menarche, the determinants of antebellum health conditions, the treatment of female slaves during pregnancy, the rate of infant mortality, the profit motive behind the diet of slave children, and the net nutritional status of slaves after they entered the plantation labor force. 1 In this article, we explore the relationship between the heights of slaves chosen for shipment and the motivation behind their shipment. We argue that slave traders chose taller slaves for the New Orleans market in order to increase their profits. Based on data collected from a previously unutilized source, we show that the average heights of imported slaves sold in New Orleans exceeded that of slaves imported coastwise to New Orleans. Furthermore, when we confine our analysis to the coastwise manifests, we find that the slaves shipped by traders were taller than those shipped by nontraders. Finally, we show that the effects of selection on the heights of slaves shipped by traders was greatest among the youngest slaves.
Femoral Catheters Increase Risk of Infection in Total Parenteral Nutrition Patients

Central venous access for the administration of total parenteral nutrition is usually achieved via the subclavian or internal jugular veins. Although a high incidence of complications has been reported with the use of femoral catheters for central venous access, this route has been used when traditional central venous access is contraindicated. We retrospectively reviewed 171 patients who received total parenteral nutrition via a central venous triple-lumen catheter and compared the rates of infections in femoral vs nonfemoral access. A literature review was performed to identify associated complications of and appropriate indications for femoral catheter use. In the 171 patients studied, 355 triple-lumen catheters were placed; these included 331 nonfemoral catheters and 24 femoral catheters. Femoral catheters were placed in nine patients. Femoral catheters had a greater incidence of positive tips (42% vs 6.9%, p < .001) and related bacteremia (16.7% vs 1.8%, p = .002) than did nonfemoral catheters. The organisms most commonly isolated from the blood and catheter tips of both catheter access sites were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida. The use of femoral catheters for central venous access for total parenteral nutrition administration results in an increased risk of infectious complications.
Hormonal Responses to Short Term Fasting in Postmenopausal Women

Urinary excretion of gonadotropins increases during fasting. We investigated whether this increase results from increased pituitary secretion of LH and FSH or from altered renal excretion of protein molecules. To this end, we studied urinary gonadotropin excretion, serum gonadotropin levels, and pituitary responsiveness of LHRH during control, 10-day fasting, and refeeding periods in 10 mildly obese postmenopausal women. Additionally, we measured urinary cortisol and estriol excretion and circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, estradiol, estrone, melatonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine during the control, fasting, and refeeding periods. While urinary excretion of gonadotropins increased markedly during fasting, there were no significant changes in serum gonadotropin levels or in the pituitary sensitivity to LHRH. Plasma norepinephrine and serum melatonin increased significantly during fasting, but serum and urinary estrogens, indices of adrenal activity, and plasma levels of epinephrine and dopamine did not change. These results show that the stress of short term fasting selectively activates only certain components of the neuroendocrine system without any appreciable changes in the function of the gonadotropin-secreting system. Fasting-induced gonadotropinuria is probably explained by altered renal handling of gonadotropin molecules.
Simulation of STF Kevlar shielding performance in a stuffed Whipple configuration

*† High strength fabrics are used to protect the Destiny module of the International Space Station from orbital debris impact damage. They are used in a stuffed Whipple shield configuration, with the fabric positioned between an outer aluminum bumper and the exterior module wall. In recent research, the authors have developed a membrane particleelement method for application in the computer aided design of fabric impact protection systems. This method has been extended and applied to simulate the hypervelocity impact performance of stuffed Whipple shields incorporating shear thickening fluid treated Kevlar.
TLR Agonists Downregulate H2-O in CD8α− Dendritic Cells

Peptide loading of MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is catalyzed by the nonclassical MHCII-related molecule H2-M. H2-O, another MHCII-like molecule, associates with H2-M and modulates H2-M function. The MHCII presentation pathway is tightly regulated in dendritic cells (DCs), yet how the key modulators of MHCII presentation, H2-M and H2-O, are affected in different DC subsets in response to maturation is unknown. In this study, we show that H2-O is markedly downregulated in vivo in mouse CD8α(-) DCs in response to a broad array of TLR agonists. In contrast, CD8α(+) DCs only modestly downregulated H2-O in response to TLR agonists. H2-M levels were slightly downmodulated in both CD8α(-) and CD8α(+) DCs. As a consequence, H2-M/H2-O ratios significantly increased for CD8α(-) but not for CD8α(+) DCs. The TLR-mediated downregulation was DC specific, as B cells did not show significant H2-O and H2-M downregulation. TLR4 signaling was required to mediate DC H2-O downregulation in response to LPS. Finally, our studies showed that the mechanism of H2-O downregulation was likely due to direct protein degradation of H2-O as well as downregulation of H2-O mRNA levels. The differential H2-O and H2-M modulation after DC maturation supports the proposed roles of CD8α(-) DCs in initiating CD4-restricted immune responses by optimal MHCII presentation and of CD8α(+) DCs in promoting immune tolerance via presentation of low levels of MHCII-peptide.
Longitudinal evaluation of Journal of Athletic Training author credentials: implications for future research engagement in athletic training.

Abstract Purpose: To employ retrospective trend analysis in an attempt to provide a layered description of the relative contribution (per credential) of clinical athletic trainers (those without te...
In Vivo Effects of Prostaglandin F2α and E2 on Contractility and Diameter of the Rabbit Oviduct Using Intraluminal Transducers

Donut-shaped conductive Silastic micro-transducers were used to study the effects of intravenous administration of prostaglandin (PG) F2a and E2 on contractility and internal diameter of the oviductal isthmus in unanesthetized rabbits. The characteristic response to PGF2 a was an abrupt increase in internal diameter and a concomitant increase in frequency of contractions. In a few animals there was either no change in baseline diameter or only a gradual decrease in diameter. In all animals responding to PGF2 a there was a consistent increase in frequency of contractions, but normally little increase in amplitude of contractions. Simultaneous cinematographic recordings during acute experiments indicated that abrupt increases in internal diameter were associated with contraction of longitudinal muscles and/or mesentery. The effect of epinephrine was similar to that of PGF2 a. Prostaglandin E2 blocked spontaneous activity of the longitudinal and circular muscles but produced little change in internal diameter. Response to PGE2 was similar to that observed for isoproterenol. Measurement of contractility and internal diameter suggests that PGF2 a increases the rate of egg transport by increasing oviductal diameter as well as increasing the rate of contractions. No change in diameter and blockage of spontaneous activity could explain why PGE2 has little effect on egg transport rates.
First evidence for the formation of technetium oxosulfide complexes: synthesis, structure and characterization.

The reaction of tetrabutylammonium pertechnetate with bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide in solution was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Experimental results and density functional calculations provide the first evidence for the formation of a TcO3S− precursor. Larger scale synthesis afforded a solid that was characterized by EDX and XANES spectroscopy. XANES showed the presence of technetium in tetravalent state. EDX indicated the solid contained technetium, sulfur and oxygen.
Site Selection by Migratory Shorebirds in Oregon Estuaries Over Broad and Fine Spatial Scales

i Acknowledgements iii List of Tables vi List of Figures viii Background and Objectives 1 Chapter 1. Shorebird site quality and selection among Pacific Northwest Estuaries 4 Chapter 2. Shorebird numerical responses to prey distribution within Oregon estuaries 24 Chapter 3. Small tidal channels improve foraging opportunities for Calidris shorebirds 51 Conclusions 72 References 74
Effect of Sialoadenectomy on the Ability of Mouse Serum to Induce Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Mammary Epithelial Cells: Possible Role of Epidermal Growth Factor

Abstract Serum was collected from sham-operated or sialoadenectomized mice and added to serum starved cultures of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells. Synthesis of DNA, estimated with a pulse of 1 μmI/cro;Ci/ml [ 3 H]thymidine between 17 and 18h after adding serum, was increased by serum. Sialoadenectomy did not affect the ability of low serum concentrations (
Improved lesion detection in SPECT using MLEM reconstruction

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine if the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) reconstruction algorithm improves lesion detectability in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) when compared with a filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm. The performance of the reconstruction algorithms was evaluated based on cold lesion detection by human observers. Simulated SPECT projection data with added Poisson noise were constructed using the MLEM and the FBP algorithms. The parameters of the study, including lesion size and total counts, were chosen to maximize the statistical power of the test. Three hundred images were generated and nine observers were employed for the study. The average ROC curves for both reconstruction methods were measured. Diagnostic performance was quantified using the area under the ROC curves. MLEM showed improved detectability for all the observers. Observer P-values were calculated, and Student's t-test was performed in order to verify the statistical significance of the observed improvement. >
H2O2 Is a Novel, Endogenous Modulator of Synaptic Dopamine Release

Recent evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) might act as modulators of neuronal processes, including synaptic transmission. Here we report that synaptic dopamine (DA) release can be...
Adaptive Dynamic Programming Boundary Control of Uncertain Coupled Semi-Linear Parabolic PDE

This paper develops an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) based near optimal boundary control of distributed parameter systems (DPS) governed by uncertain coupled semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations (PDE) under Neumann boundary control condition. First, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation is formulated without any model reduction and the optimal control policy is derived. Subsequently, a novel identifier is developed to estimate the unknown nonlinearity in PDE dynamics. Accordingly, the sub-optimal control policy is obtained by forward-in-time estimation of the value functional using a neural network (NN) online approximator and the identifier. Adaptive tuning laws are proposed for learning the value functional online. Local ultimate boundedness (UB) of the closed-loop system is verified by using Lyapunov theory. The performance of proposed controller is verified via simulation on an unstable coupled diffusion reaction process.
The Amaranth Debacle: What Really Happened

The speculative activities of hedge funds are a hot topic among market agents and authorities. In September 2006, the activities of Amaranth Advisors, a large-sized Connecticut hedge fund sent menacing ripples through the natural gas market. By September 21, 2006, Amaranth had lost roughly $4.35B over a 3-week period or one half of its assets due to its activities in natural gas futures and options in September. Shortly thereafter, Amaranth funds were being liquidated. This paper presents a brief investigation of the possible causes behind this spectacular hedge fund failure and draws lessons by assessing Amaranth's trading activities within a standard risk management framework. Even by very conservative measures, Amaranth was engaging in highly risky trades which (in addition to high levels of market risk) involved significant exposure to liquidity risk - a risk factor that is notoriously difficult to manage.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Akuammiline Alkaloids (+)-Strictamine, (-)-2(S)-Cathafoline, and (-)-Aspidophylline A.

The akuammiline alkaloids are a family of natural products that have been widely studied for decades. Although notable synthetic achievements have been made recently, akuammilines that possess a methanoquinolizidine core have evaded synthetic efforts. We report an asymmetric approach to these alkaloids, which has culminated in the first total syntheses of (−)-2(S)-cathafoline and the long-standing target (+)-strictamine. Moreover, the first enantioselective total synthesis of aspidophylline A is described.
Florida’s First Coast Manufacturing Innovation Partnership Between Industry and Academia

Joint industry-academia projects with regional industry have influenced creation of Florida’s First Coast Manufacturing Innovation Partnership (MIP). The development of MIP has the primary goals of project-centered innovations for technology transfer, training the regional workforce with relevance to industry, and sustainability of technology transfer through creation of high-technology jobs. The region known as Florida’s First Coast is one of the fastest growing in the nation and has received recent acclaim as a top location for new and emerging businesses and industries to relocate or expand. The importance of manufacturing to the economy is crucial. Every individual and industry depends on manufactured goods. This sector continues to account for 14% of US GDP and 11% of total US employment. One way to help expand the regional industrial base is to develop a shared resource support facility in the fields of manufacturing engineering and design. The first objective of MIP is to stimulate transformation of knowledge in design and manufacturing occurring in the academic domain to applied research and development in industry. This is accomplished with project-centered innovations developed using a shared manufacturing and design resource. The second objective of MIP is to develop partnerships with additional academic institutions with the common goal of producing students whose education satisfies the needs of the regional workforce with scientific and technological training with relevance to industry. This also includes a mentorship facet to attract and retain engineering students for the future. The third objective is to implement MIP for long-term sustainability of technology transfer and creation of high-technology jobs in the manufacturing engineering and design professions. Technology tools for innovation in advanced manufacturing, for example, robotics and automation, modular robotics, advanced manufacturing process development, manufacturing systems modeling, and simulation; and advanced design, for example, computer aided engineering including finite element modeling, design analysis, and rapid prototyping are used in support of projects in partnership with regional industrial companies. Joint industry-academic projects require the integration of research and the technical need of the partnering company. A critical level of innovation is accomplished with the outcomes of projects while providing a distinguishing educational background for the engineering graduates. Several partnership projects have been initiated under the auspices of MIP. These projects with local industry are outlined and serve as a platform for new and emerging projects for joint mutually beneficial collaboration between industry and academia.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Old English Beot and Old Icelandic Heitstrenging

In his “Introduction” to Beowulf (p. lvii) Klaeber makes the following remark: That some of the speeches follow conventional lines of heroic tradition need not be doubted. This applies to the type of the gylpcwide before the combat (675 ff., 1392 ff., 2510 ff.), the ‘comitatus’ speech or exhortation of the retainers (2633 ff., cp. Bjarkamal [Par. §7: Saxo ii.59 ff.,] Maldon 212 ff., 246 ff., Finnsb. 37 ff.).