cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Design as HyperSketching

Hand-done design drawing still has a several advantages over current, CAD-based approaches to generating form, especially in the early stages of design. One advantage is the indeterminacy of hand drawings—i.e. its abstractness and ambiguity. Another is a non-destructive drawing process, where new drawings are created without modifying old ones. A third is designers’ creation of large collections of inter-related drawings—i.e. graphical hyperdocuments. A fourth is the unobtrusive character of conventional drawing tools. These advantages might be taken as reasons for continuing to do early design on paper, but they also suggest ways in which CAD might be improved. We have created software prototypes that incorporate these features into a new type of CAD based on sketching with electronic pens on LCD tablets. One prototype, which we call HyperSketch II, simulates tracing paper in the sense that it enables the user to trace over previous drawings and to build stacks of traced over drawings. It also enables the user to create a hypermedia network in which the nodes are sketches and the links represent various relationships between sketches.
A Geomagnetic Variation Anomaly Across the Northern Gulf of California

Summary Variations in the geomagnetic field have been observed along a profile perpendicular to the northern Gulf of California. The profile extends from the Pacific Ocean (including two sea-floor stations off the coast) to Tucson, Arizona, and includes stations at San Felipe and Puerto Penasco on opposite sides of the Gulf. At these two stations there is a large anomaly in the vertical component variations in the frequency range 0.025–4 c hr-1 which amounts to almost complete reversal from one station to the other at the higher frequencies. Analysis of the variations demonstrates that the anomaly is due to induced currents flowing in or beneath the Gulf of California. Using a modelling technique developed by Greenhouse, Parker and White the anomaly may be interpreted either in terms of very high Gulf sediment conductivity or an uplifted zone of hot mantle material beneath the Wagner basin. A suitable combination of these models is compatible with the horizontal field observations. Both of these factors support the suggestion that the Wagner basin is the site of a spreading centre similar to those found at ocean ridges. Observations along a profile of stations across the Imperial Valley indicate that the upwelling of mantle material does not necessarily occur continuously along the Gulf of California—Salton Trough axis and is probably a local phenomenon associated only with such spreading centres. Because of the consequent lack of two-dimensionality in the actual situation, the predicted height of the upwelling will be too small. It is thought that a conductivity of 0.02 (Ωm)-1 could be present at 20–30 km depth in such areas.
The Risks and Impacts of Portering on the Well-Being of Children in Nepal

A variety of underlying conditions increase the likelihood of children entering the labor force. Nearly half of Nepal's population between 5 and 14 years of age is economically active, many in conditions classified by the International Labor Organization as 'the worst forms of child labor'. In order to assess the relationship between portering and well-being outcomes, including diet, nutrition status, injury and social and behavioral risks, a cross-sectional study was conducted among long distance child porters in Eastern Nepal. Porters were consistently less well off than their non-portering peers according to a variety of indicators. Porters were 2.2 (95% CI: 1.4-3.4) times as likely not to have attended school in the past month and frequency of attendance was significantly lower among porters. Porters had worse diets and significantly lower Body mass indexes than controls; prevalence of anemia was 30% and the risk of anemia was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1-3.1) times greater for porters as compared with controls. Injury rates within the past year were similar between the two groups, with 88% of participants reporting being injured. Prevalence of alcohol use among porters was 38% and porters were 2.9 (95 CI: 1.7-4.9) times more likely to consume alcohol than controls. Risk of sexual assault was 10.1 (95 CI: 2.3-43.9) times greater among porters as compared with their non-portering peers, and 91% indicated they felt portering negatively impacted their general well-being. Findings indicate that despite the Nepalese government's legislative efforts to regulate to the portering industry, portering children experience a substantially increased risk of negative physical, emotional and educational outcomes due to their involvement in exploitive and dangerous work. The long-term ramifications of portering are harmful to the well-being of children, and in the long run, lack of education may reduce employment options and the chance to escape from a life of continued poverty.
Donald Black's Positivism in Law and Social Control

Donald Black's third major book, the collection of essays titled The Social Structure of Right and Wrong, follows methodically from his The Behavior of Law and Sociological Justice.1 A body of interrelated work is rare among theorists today and compelling in itself. It already distinguishes Black's contribution from that of contemporary theorists who too often move from issue to issue. More than this, Black has developed his major theoretical works with such rigor at a conceptual level that, in my view, they merit comparison to the major works of Parsons, Luhmann, Habermas, and then to those of the classics. I find the three works cited above, for instance, to be more than worthy successors to Durkheim's Division of Labor (1893) and Suicide (1897).2 They are driven, actually, by an aspiration that is grander than that driving Durkheim's two works, and Black more fully realizes his aspiration. Durkheim explored how individuals' degree of interdependence-organic solidarity-affects their behavior, and he endeavored to predict and explain the suicide rate both in comparative and historical perspective. He also sug-
Interpersonal Confrontation and Basic Third Party Functions: A Case Study

This study centers on a conflict between directors of two interdependent groups in a government agency and interventions by a third party consultant who helped them confront their intergroup and interpersonal differences. The third party (a) enhanced the parties' willingness to confront each other, because they perceived him as possessing skills which could prevent the process from deteriorating; (b) synchronized the parties' readiness and efforts to confront, because of the signal value of his presence and his limited availability to them; (c) increased their candidness in expressing views about the issues and reactions to each other, because each party associated the consultant with a prior experience in which openness had been normative. In addition, the third party (d) increased their feelings of social-emotional support and (e) helped clarify and diagnose the issues.A significant aspect of this episode is that because of the nature of the third party's professional identity and the clients' prior exp...
AURKA regulates JAK2–STAT3 activity in human gastric and esophageal cancers

Aurora kinase A is a frequently amplified and overexpressed gene in upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (UGCs). Using in vitro cell models of UGCs, we investigated whether AURKA can regulate Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Our data indicate that overexpression of AURKA in FLO-1 and AGS cells increase STAT3 phosphorylation at the Tyr705 site, whereas AURKA genetic depletion by siRNA results in decreased phosphorylation levels of STAT3 in FLO-1 and MKN45 cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that AURKA overexpression enhanced STAT3 nuclear translocation while AURKA genetic knockdown reduced the nuclear translocation of STAT3 in AGS and FLO-1 cells, respectively. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that AURKA expression induces transcriptional activity of STAT3. Pharmacological inhibition of AURKA by MLN8237 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation along with down-regulation of STAT3 pro-survival targets, BCL2 and MCL1. Moreover, by using clonogenic cells survival assay, we showed that MLN8237 single dose treatment reduced the ability of FLO-1 and AGS cells to form colonies. Additional experiments utilizing cell models of overexpression and knockdown of AURKA indicated that STAT3 upstream non-receptor tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is mediating the effect of AURKA on STAT3. The inhibition of JAK2 using JAK2-specific inhibitor AZD1480 or siRNA knockdown, in presence of AURKA overexpression, abrogated the AURKA-mediated STAT3 activation. These results confirm that the AURKA-JAK2 axis is the main mechanism by which AURKA regulates STAT3 activity. In conclusion, we report, for the first time, that AURKA promotes STAT3 activity through regulating the expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2. This highlights the importance of targeting AURKA as a therapeutic approach to treat gastric and esophageal cancers.
Missing Data and Interpretation of Cancer Surgery Outcomes at the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

Background The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) has become an important surgical quality program in the United States, yet few studies describe their methods for handling missing data. Our study examines the impact of missing data on predictive models for short-term operative outcomes after cancer surgery in the ACS NSQIP database. Study Design We identified 97,230 patients who underwent oncologic resections for neoplasms in the 2005–2009 ACS NSQIP. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the impact of pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors on short-term operative outcomes by type of procedure where missing values were included as a variable category, excluded, and imputed. Results A large proportion (72.8%) of patients had one or more missing pre-, intra-, or postoperative characteristics, particularly preoperative laboratory values. Missing data were more frequent in healthier patients and those undergoing lower-risk procedures. Although data were not missing at random, the impact of preoperative risk factors on adverse operative outcomes after cancer surgery was similar across methods for handling missing data. However, analytic approaches using only patients with complete or imputed information risk basing the analysis on a potentially nonrepresentative sample. Conclusions Missing data present challenges to interpreting predictors of short-term operative outcomes after cancer surgery at ACS NSQIP hospitals. Similar to best practices for other data sets, this study highlights the importance of using missing values carefully when using ACS NSQIP. Given its potential to introduce bias, the approach to handling missing values should be detailed in future ACS NSQIP studies.
Stride frequency in relation to allometric growth in ghost crabs

Body size has significant impacts on fundamental processes of locomotion, including the operational frequency of skeletal muscle contraction, which declines systematically with increasing size. Although this shift in operation frequency and contractile kinetics is well documented in the literature, the mechanisms responsible for these changes are still incompletely understood. One important factor is that the mechanical properties of the musculoskeletal system possess resonant properties that favor higher frequencies in small animals. Another significant element is the physiological properties of the skeletal muscles, which may be tuned for faster contractions in smaller animals. These two components are interrelated, but precisely how muscle physiology and musculoskeletal mechanics interact to shape patterns of locomotion is complex. Ghost crabs Ocypode quadrata present an interesting model to study these processes because they are proficient runners that exhibit systematic changes in stride frequency as they grow. In the current study, we focused on anatomical changes that might occur with allometric growth in ghost crabs to test the hypothesis that changes in mechanical parameters contribute to the slowing of stride frequency. We paired basic anatomical measurements with kinematic analyses of crabs running at top speeds on a treadmill and experimentally weighted crabs to determine if the relative mass of larger crabs affects running frequency. We found that biologically relevant mechanics of the leg joints do not change with growth, as mechanical advantage and muscle fiber length relative to joint moment arm were unaffected by body size. Loading crabs had similar effects on stride frequency in both large and small animals alike. In contrast, muscle shortening velocity, estimated directly from angular velocity of the leg joints, decreased significantly with increasing body size. These data suggest that fundamental changes to the contractile properties of skeletal muscles during growth are primarily responsible for the changes in stride frequency observed in ghost crabs.
RELATION BETWEEN PARAMETERS OF MYOCARDIAL MECHANICS AND VENTRICULO-ARTERIAL COUPLING: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING STUDY IN HEALTHY ADULTS

Background: Understanding the relation between ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) and myocardial mechanical parameters could offer an adjunctive perspective on left ventricular function. Objectives: Our aim was to study the relation between VAC and the parameters of myocardial mechanics using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE). Patients and Methods: We studied 68 normal participants (mean age, 35 ± 12.2 y; 36 [53%] males). VAC was measured by the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular elastance (Ees). The peak systolic value of longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain (CS), radial strain, three-dimensional global strain (3DGS), apical rotation, torsion, and twist and their time to peak were calculated. Results: Almost all deformation indices were higher in the women than in the men. LS (r = -0.41, P < 0.01), twist (r = 0.26, P < 0.03), rotation (r = 0.41, P < 0.01), and 3DGS (r = - 0.39, P < 0.01) were associated with age. Although significant associations were found between VAC and Ea or Ees in the men and women, no relation was found between Ea and Ees in both sexes (r = 0.07 in men and r = 0.08 in women). Indeed, VAC had a stronger association with Ea than with Ees (r = 0.708 vs. r = -0.537). Ees and VAC were related to torsion (r = 0.30 vs. r = -0.37; both P < 0.05); and Ea, Ees, and VAC were also associated with CS (r = 0.64, r = -0.45, and r = 0.79; all P < 0.05) and 3DGS (r = -0.55, r = 0.38, and r = -0.64; all P < 0.01). Conclusions: Amongst all myocardial mechanical parameters, VAC was related to CS and 3DGS as well as torsion.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in tissues with a diagnosis of childhood lymphoma.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes involved in the reconfiguration of the microenvironment by means of degrading the extracellular matrix and have more than 20 subgroups containing zinc. Proteins that serve as the inhibitors of these enzymes are called tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP). These enzymes have been shown to be active in a wide range of processes, from wound recovery to fetus development, heart diseases, and spread of malignant diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the type, stage, and prognosis of childhood lymphoma subjects and matrix metalloproteinase type-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type-1 (TIMP-1). Paraffin blocks of childhood patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 23), Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 14), or reactive lymphadenopathy (n = 12) were retrospectively immunohistochemically stained with MMP-9 and TIMP-1 stains and whether there was a relationship betwee...
Arthroscopic treatment of partial scapholunate ligament tears in children with chronic wrist pain.

Background: Scapholunate ligament injury is rare in the adolescent and pediatric population, and the results of treatment have not been well described. The purpose of the present study was to review the outcomes of arthroscopic management of patients with persistent wrist pain and scapholunate ligament injury as documented on arthroscopic examination who had had a failure of at least six months of nonoperative management. Methods: The medical records of thirty-two pediatric and adolescent patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment of scapholunate ligament injuries were retrospectively reviewed to obtain preoperative and postoperative modified Mayo wrist scores, radiographic data, and intraoperative findings, including the classifications of interosseous ligament injury, chondral injury, and other abnormalities. Patients were contacted after a minimum of two years of follow-up for reevaluation of the Mayo wrist scores. Results: Arthroscopic evaluation revealed thirty Geissler type-II tears and two Geissler type-III tears. In addition to these scapholunate ligament injuries, seven of the thirty-two patients had partial tears of the short radiolunate ligament that appeared to be at the site of impaction from carpal subluxation, twelve had a triangular fibrocartilage complex injury, and twenty-seven had a chondral injury. The modified Mayo wrist scores showed improvement following arthroscopic debridement of partial-thickness tears and associated chondral injuries. The average wrist score was 66.3 preoperatively and 91.6 at an average of forty-three months of follow-up. Eight patients required subsequent surgery because of deterioration in their clinical status. After a mean duration of follow-up of 30.8 months, the average wrist score was 87.1. Conclusions: The majority of pediatric and adolescent patients with wrist pain who have a failure of nonoperative management and who have a Geissler type-II scapholunate ligament tear on arthroscopic examination can have substantial long-term improvement following arthroscopic debridement of the tear combined with treatment of other associated injuries. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Social support and psychopathology in homeless patients presenting for emergency psychiatric treatment

We compared homeless to domiciled psychiatric patients' symptomatology and perceived level of social support (PSS) within hours of psychiatric emergency service (PES) arrival. Homeless patients experienced less PSS and more negative symptoms, but not more psychosis, than their domiciled counterparts. Domiciled patients' PSS was highly related to their clinical presentation: less support predicted increased psychopathology. Homeless patients' clinical symptoms, although as common and severe, were unassociated with PSS. These findings suggest that homeless psychiatric patients may be less reactive to positive environmental influences like social support and manifest more severe and refractory symptoms than domiciled patients presenting for emergency treatment.
Comparative study of parallel algorithms for 3-D capacitance extraction on distributed memory multiprocessors

Very fast and accurate 3-D capacitance extraction is essential for ultra deep sub-micron design (UDSM) of integrated circuits. Parallel processing provides an approach to reducing the simulation turn-around time. In this paper, we present two parallel formulations for 3-D capacitance extraction, based on the fast multipole method (FMM) and the direct boundary element method (BEM), respectively. We report detailed comparison results on parallel efficiency and memory scalability, on three different distributed memory platforms, including a 16 processor IBM SP2, and ATM network of 16 HP workstations, and an Ethernet network of 16 HP workstations.
Late Evolution of Cataclysmic Variables

We study the evolution of hydrogen-rich cataclysmic variables (CVs) near minimum orbital period at ~78 minutes. As has been known for many years, these are among the most intrinsically common CVs, but they hide fairly well because of their faintness and low incidence of eruptions. We discuss their number and observational signatures, paying special attention to those that may have passed minimum orbital period—the "period bouncers." The status of binaries near minimum period is best determined by the mass ratio, and this is best constrained by measuring the accretion disk precession frequency, because that frequency is readily accessible to observation and proportional to the secondary star's mass. This method reveals four stars that are good candidates to have survived period bounce; two appear to have secondaries as puny as 0.02 M⊙. But each star can have bounced only recently if at all. There is still no strong evidence of any long era of evolution in a state of increasing period. This conflicts sharply with discussions of observational data that have identified dozens of known CVs with this state. The total space density of cataclysmic variables is ~10–5 pc–3, with short-period systems constituting ~75% of the total. Both estimates are far less than predicted by simple theories of evolution. It is probably necessary to have some means of destroying CVs before they reach the predicted very high space densities. This can be done by invoking an angular momentum loss mechanism that does not quickly subside as the mass ratio becomes very low.
Nucleon resonances with double polarization observables of pion photoproduction

The role of the nucleon resonances in the double polarization observables of pion photoproduction is investigated by using the resonance parameters predicted by Capstick and Roberts. As an example, we show that the not-well-determined two-star resonance N$^{-}_{3/2}$(1960) can be examined by performing experiments on beam-recoil polarization at large angles.
Concentrate on Management Points Make a Breakthrough at Supervision——The Countermeasure Suggestions for Govern the Puzzledom that the Difference Between the mark and the Registration and Approval in Medicinal Instrument Area

In recent years,There is an tendency that the criminal product at medicinal instrument area is becoming multiplex,complicated and cryptic.One of the typical problem is that The mark and The registration and approval is not accordant in medicinal instrument area.These product not only misleading the consuming of people and impact the rule of the market,but also arise the health risk of consumers,Even hurt the authority of the government.But due to the lacuna of the law and the supervision system,it is difficult to strike those products.After careful considering,the author thought it should increase the criminal cost and to perfect the law and the supervision system to solve this problem step by step and come to a satisfied result.
Employers’ changing economic incentives to offer health insurance under the affordable care act

AbstractThe employer's decision to offer health insurance depends on how much workers value insurance relative to wages, and that value is likely to vary, given the composition of the establishment's workforce and economic incentives such as the preferential tax treatment of premiums for employer-sponsored insurance (ESI). Using the 2008–10 MEPS Insurance Component augmented with information from other sources, we generate new estimates of employers’ price-sensitivity of offering insurance. Our results suggest that small and medium-size employers are sensitive to changes in the tax price of insurance, with small employers exhibiting the largest price-sensitivity. Workforce composition and local labor market conditions also influence employer offers. With these model estimates, we predict how provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)—including the employer shared-responsibility requirement, premium tax credits for exchange-based coverage, and the individual mandate—affect the probability of offering ESI....
Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by calvarial cells. Characterization of the enzyme systems.

The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25(OH)2D3] from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] has previously been shown to occur in cells isolated from bone. The main findings of the present study are that the enzyme systems which catalyse these syntheses are: (1) active at ‘in vitro’ substrate concentrations over the range of 2-50 nM; (2) regulatable in a complex way by 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 25(OH)D3, but not by cholecalciferol (‘vitamin D3’); and (3) have relatively short half-lives (approx. 5 h).
Swarm-based heterogeneous aerial sensor network for monitoring indoor applications

Aerial monitoring applications can be characterized by constantly changing operating conditions, and need for adequate resources to maintain stability, mobility and communication. Heterogeneous aerial sensor network has the ability to move nodes based on application specific goals that can provide three-dimensional sensing, and data distribution using hierarchical communication strategy. In this research paper, swarm based heterogeneous aerial sensor network is deployed on the fly using off-the shelf copters to provide increased sensing accuracy and reliability in comparison networks that require a prior knowledge of the infrastructure. The robustness of swarm approach makes it a suitable algorithm for aerial monitoring environment.
Imaging of Oligodendrogliomas

Oligodendrogliomas typically appear as cortically based, heterogeneous, infiltrating masses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and frequently are shown to contain coarse calcification on computed tomography. They are often large at presentation. MR spectroscopy and positron-emission tomography may be used in an attempt to differentiate low-grade tumor from high-grade tumor and tumor from other entities. Restricted diffusion may indicate hypercellularity. Dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MRI may show increased relative cerebral blood volume, even in some low-grade oligodendrogliomas. A proposed explanation for this is their unique vasculature, which appears as a “chicken-wire” or “honeycomb” pattern on histopathology.
Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy with Hemiconvulsions

Three adolescent patients with hemiconvulsive seizures and 3-cps generalized spike-and-wave discharges on EEG are reported from the National Hospital, Queen Square, London, UK.
Measuring Physical Activity in Youth Settings: Considerations for Instrument Selection

Increasing physical activity participation has become one of the primary strategies for prevention of early-onset health conditions including obesity and Type II diabetes. Youth programs including summer camps and after-school programs are premium providers of physical activity opportunities, but researchers and administrators of these programs must be able to effectively collect and interpret physical activity data to make program adjustments and communicate results. This article reviews existing methods for physical activity measurement including self-reports and objective instruments and makes suggestions for their applicability. Pedometers are covered in-depth as they may be the method of choice in many youth settings. These devices are unobtrusive, have a relatively low cost, and provide excellent data quality. Proper physical activity measurement in youth settings can provide information about effective intervention strategies and may also encourage on-site participants to increase their physical activity frequency.
Solutions of p -Laplace Equations with Infinite Boundary Values: The case of Non-Autonomous and Non-Monotone Nonlinearities

For a non-negative and non-trivial real-valued continuous function h Ω × [0, ∞) such that h ( x , 0) = 0 for all x ∈ Ω , we study the boundary-value problem where Ω ⊆ ℝ N , N ⩾ 2, is a bounded smooth domain and Δ p := div(| Du | p –2D D u ) is the p -Laplacian. This work investigates growth conditions on h ( x, t ) that would lead to the existence or non-existence of distributional solutions to (BVP). In a major departure from past works on similar problems, in this paper we do not impose any special structure on the inhomogeneous term h ( x, t ), nor do we require any monotonicity condition on h in the second variable. Furthermore, h ( x, t ) is allowed to vanish in either of the variables.
Outcomes of Referrals for Mild and Moderate Thrombocytopenia

Abstract Thrombocytopenia is a common reason for referral to a Pediatric Hematologist Oncologist. However, the need for acute intervention in patients with mild or moderate thrombocytopenia is likely a rare event. Because mild and moderate thrombocytopenia is less likely to need intervention and could resolve, the potentially stressful impact of referral to an Oncology center needs consideration. But with minimal literature to support the hypothesis that mild to moderate thrombocytopenia is unlikely associated with severe or progressive hematologic diseases, our ability to provide evidence based recommendations for need for referral is limited. To better understand the course for patients with mild and moderate thrombocytopenia, we conducted a retrospective chart review to assess the prevalence, outcomes, and need for intervention among patients referred for thrombocytopenia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 1,140 patients referred to a large Pediatric Hematology Oncology program over a three year period (2012-2014). The diagnosis and demographics were recorded for every patient. Platelet counts at time of referral, lowest platelet count, and current platelet count were recorded and categorized as mild (plt: 100-149x103/mL), moderate (plt: 50-99 x103/mL), severe (plt: 20-49 x103/mL), and very severe (plt: Results: In a three year period (2012-2014), 1140 patients were referred to Pediatric Hematology Oncology, 902 of these patients for hematologic diagnoses. One hundred and three (11.4%) of 902 Hematology patients were referred for thrombocytopenia. The mean age of patients with thrombocytopenia was 9.2 years (s.d. 5.8yrs) and 58% were male. At the time of referral, 29% were categorized as mild, 33% were moderate, 17% severe and 21% very severe. The mean platelet count was 68 x103/mL (range 3-143). Younger patients had lower platelet counts (p Conclusion: Mild and moderate thrombocytopenia does not often progress or require interventions. Pediatricians should evaluate for Rheumatologic disorders in their initial work-up for mild to moderate thrombocytopenia as well as consider medication-induced thrombocytopenia. A safe and cost-effective approach to a patient with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia could be to observe repeat laboratory data (including ANA) in lieu of any other co-morbid condition. This approach could save families time, money, effort, and emotional stress in making appointments at large referral institutions. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Clean Power Politics: The Democratization of Energy

The United States has been experiencing an energy transition for over four decades, and now - thanks to the Clean Power Plan of the Obama Administration and the Paris climate agreement - a clean energy future is moving closer to reality. In Clean Power Politics, Joseph Tomain describes how clean energy policies have been developed and, more importantly, what's necessary for a successful transition to a clean energy future, including technological innovation, new business models, and regulatory reforms. The energy system of the future will minimize the environmental costs of traditional energy production and consumption, and emphasize expanded use of natural resources and energy efficiency. Because many new energy technologies can be produced and consumed at smaller scales, they will shift decision-making power away from traditional utilities and empower consumers to make energy choices about consumption and price. In this way, a clean energy future embodies a democratization of energy.
PARP1 restricts Epstein Barr Virus lytic reactivation by binding the BZLF1 promoter

The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) genome persists in infected host cells as a chromatinized episome and is subject to chromatin-mediated regulation. Binding of the host insulator protein CTCF to the EBV genome has an established role in maintaining viral latency type, and in other herpesviruses, loss of CTCF binding at specific regions correlates with viral reactivation. Here, we demonstrate that binding of PARP1, an important cofactor of CTCF, at the BZLF1 lytic switch promoter restricts EBV reactivation. Knockdown of PARP1 in the Akata-EBV cell line significantly increases viral copy number and lytic protein expression. Interestingly, CTCF knockdown has no effect on viral reactivation, and CTCF binding across the EBV genome is largely unchanged following reactivation. Moreover, EBV reactivation attenuates PARP activity, and Zta expression alone is sufficient to decrease PARP activity. Here we demonstrate a restrictive function of PARP1 in EBV lytic reactivation.
Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Gallbladder: A Population-based Analysis.

Background/aim Primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gallbladder (PNHL-GB) is extremely rare and data on clinical characteristics, optimal management and outcomes of these patients are limited to anecdotal reporting. We, therefore, sought to examine these patients using a population-based database. Materials and methods Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database was queried between 1973 and 2013. Results One hundred and six cases with PNHL-GB were identified (mean age=70.5 ±15 years, whites 92%, male: female 1.03:1). The majority of patients had loco-regional disease (61%) and DLBCL histology (33%). Ninenty cases (85%) had undergone surgical resection, 6 (5.6%) received radiotherapy. Median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 41 months with a 5-year survival rate of 40%. Patients receiving adjuvant RT had superior OS compared to surgery alone (140 ±27 vs. 86 ±16 months, respectively) and patients with DLBCL demonstrated lower survival compared to other histologies (13 vs. 53 months, respectively, p=0.034). Conclusion Our study presents the largest dataset of PNHL-GB describing clinical features and outcomes of these patients in addition to summarizing the literature.
Myofibrils in Cardiomyocytes Tend to Assemble Along the Maximal Principle Stress Directions

The mechanisms underlying the spatial organization of self-assembled myofibrils in cardiac tissues remain incompletely understood. By modeling cells as elastic solids under active cytoskeletal contraction, we found a good correlation between the predicted maximal principal stress directions and the in vitro myofibril orientations in individual cardiomyocytes. This implies that actomyosin fibers tend to assemble along the maximal tensile stress (MTS) directions. By considering the dynamics of focal adhesion and myofibril formation in the model, we showed that different patterns of myofibril organizations in mature versus immature cardiomyocytes can be explained as the consequence of the different levels of force-dependent remodeling of focal adhesions. Further, we applied the mechanics model to cell pairs and showed that the myofibril organizations can be regulated by a combination of multiple factors including cell shape, cell-substrate adhesions, and cell-cell adhesions. This mechanics model can guide the rational design in cardiac tissue engineering where recapitulating in vivo myofibril organizations is crucial to the contractile function of the heart.
Microtubules as a Quantum Hopfield Network

Penrose and Hameroff’s orchestrated objective (Orch OR) theory CHEXX[14] suggests the existence of quantum computation in microtubule protein assemblies inside living cells. To investigate this suggestion numerically, we model this system as a quantum Hopfield network (QHN) with qubits representing the tubulins and interacting coulombically with each other, at finite temperatures. The effects of energy losses, dissipation, and other environmental factors are not considered, or are considered to be screened. Simulations are carried out on this computational model, and we look for stable states (local minima) of the network. We find that quantum information processing in microtubules is feasible, though at temperatures (5.8 K) lower than physiological temperatures.
Reviving Person-Centered Inquiry in Psychology: Why it's Erstwhile Dormancy?

Just a few short years ago one of the co-editors of this volume published an article in the journal Measurement under the title: “A Manifesto on Psychology as Idiographic Science: Bringing the Person Back Into Scientific Psychology, This Time Forever” (Molenaar, 2004). To one who himself has long advocated just such a development, this bold manifesto was most welcome indeed. But the very claim to lately be bringing the person back into scientific psychology begs the questions: why has this proved necessary? and: where had the person been for all of those previous years?
Flow Cytometric Measurements of Physiologic Cell Responses

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of flow cytometry to the real-time study of lymphocyte cell physiology. Understanding mechanisms of immunoregulation—how lymphocytes sense relevant ligands in their environment and transfer this information across the cell membrane to control gene translation—is currently a significant challenge to immunologists. This process of signal transduction, which is actually of general interest to cell physiologists, has been approached by conventional biochemical analysis of cell lysates and by single-cell micropuncture or patch-clamp techniques. However, the recent development of probes that report a physiologic parameter of the cell in terms of fluorescence is rapidly expanding the understanding of cellular regulatory responses. The quantitative method of flow cytometry is ideally suited to the use of these probe reagents, as it provides both resolution at the level of individual cells and the capability of identifying subsets in complex cell mixtures by simultaneously labeling them with fluorescent monoclonal antibodies emitting at a different wavelength than the physiologic probe.
Miscellany drawer assignment

The Miscellany Drawer is an introductory project for learning modeling in 3D software for CGI animation that incorporates collaboration and 3D printing. It gives students the opportunity to recreate a real-life object while learning about the software interface and modeling tools before getting into actual animation. Traditionally the modeling of the object was the extent of the exercise but the 3D printing and collaborative aspects have been added to help students see the possibilities of new technologies, draw connections to 3D printing used in stop motion animation, draw connections with fine artists like Louise Nevelson and Claes Oldenburg, and draw connections to the collaborative nature of animation production pipelines. Students will sketch, model, and 3D print a hard surface object approved by the class to promote variety and complexity in the final composition. The class will combine all the individual prints into a shoebox using stick-tac and superglue to adhere the pieces into a well-designed artwork. To ensure it is not just a few students arranging the box but everyone contributing, each student can only touch or move their own 3D print. With multiple sections of the class, doing the project over the course of a few years the boxes can be arranged to create an large installation art piece.
A comparison of urban and non-urban African American older adults on health-related characteristics

Although residential geographic health disparities have been noted in the previous literature, studies are specifically lacking on intra-group health comparisons of African American older adults by residential geography. The purpose of this study was to determine if health-related characteristics of African American older adults varied by residential geography. Socioeconomic demographics, medical conditions, primary care use, and self-ratings of general health, social activity, and physical activity were compared in a community-dwelling sample of 327 urban and non-urban African American older adults. Urban and non-urban African American older adults were compared on health-related factors. Compared to urban African American older adults, those in non-urban areas had lower incomes, lower self-ratings of general health, social activity, and physical activity, and a higher frequency of arthritis and gastroenterological and urological conditions. Despite poorer general health and medical conditions, non-urban African American older adults were less likely to visit the doctor when needed. Study findings suggest residential geography may be an underappreciated underlying contributing factor to inter-group health disparities between African American and white older adults and not race alone. Therefore, social workers in public health, health care, and clinical settings should be aware of the interaction between race and residential geography.
Muscle Biopsy and Electromyography Correlation

Introduction: In myopathies, the correlation of individual electromyographic and histopathologic findings remains poorly explored, as most previous studies have focused on the ability of muscle biopsy and electromyography to distinguish the neuropathic vs. myopathic nature of the underlying neuromuscular disease. Methods: We identified 100 patients who had a muscle biopsy and electromyography performed on identical muscles. We used a detailed grading system ranging from 0- normal to 4- severe; and graded 16 histopathologic findings in each biopsy. Electromyography findings were also graded from 0 to 4 according to the standard protocol in our EMG laboratory. We used Kendall's tau for non-parametric ordinal correlation analysis. Results: Fibrillation potentials correlated with atrophic, necrotic, and regenerating fibers, fibers harboring vacuoles, fiber splitting, fibers reacting for non-specific esterase, fibers with congophilic inclusions, inflammation (endoymysial and perimysial), and increased endomysial connective tissue. Short-duration motor unit potentials correlated with atrophic, necrotic, and regenerating fibers, increased endomysial connective tissue, and perimysial inflammation. Long-duration motor unit potentials correlated with fiber-type grouping. Increased phases of motor unit potentials correlated with atrophic fibers, increased endomysial connective tissue, and fibers reacting for non-specific esterase; while increased turns correlated with atrophic and regenerating fibers, increased endomysial connective tissue and target formations. Rapid recruitment correlated with regenerating fibers, perimysial inflammation, and increased endomysial connective tissue. Discussion: By demonstrating a clear correlation of various electromyographic and histopathologic findings, this study improves interpreting electrodiagnostic testing in myopathies, and serves as the basis to further assess the correlation between clinical, electromyographic, and histopathologic findings.
Ehrenfest and classical path dynamics with decoherence and detailed balance

We present a semiclassical approach for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics based on the Ehrenfest method with corrections for decoherence and detailed balance. Decoherence is described via a coherence penalty functional that drives dynamics away from regions in Hilbert space characterized by large values of coherences. Detailed balance is incorporated by modification of the off-diagonal matrix elements with a quantum correction factor used in semiclassical approximations to quantum time-correlation functions. Both decoherence and detailed balance corrections introduce nonlinear terms to the Schrodinger equation. At the same time, the simplicity of fully deterministic dynamics and a single trajectory for each initial condition is preserved. In contrast, surface hopping is stochastic and requires averaging over multiple realization of the stochastic process for each initial condition. The Ehrenfest-decoherence-detailed-balance (Ehrenfest-DDB) method is adapted to the classical path approximation and ab initio time-dependent density functional theory and applied to an experimentally studied nanoscale system consisting of a fluorophore molecule and an scanning tunneling microscopy tip and undergoing current-induced charge injection, cooling, and recombination. Ehrenfest-DDB produces time scales that are similar to those obtained with decoherence induced surface hopping, which is a popular nonadiabatic molecular dynamics technique applied to condensed matter. At long times, Ehrenfest-DDB dynamics slows down considerably because the detailed balance correction makes off-diagonal elements go to zero on approach to Boltzmann equilibrium. The Ehrenfest-DDB technique provides efficient means to study quantum dynamics in large systems.
Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Reactions to Snooping: The Role of Attachment Characteristics:

Although snooping is common in romantic relationships, there has been limited research on reactions to being snooped by a romantic partner. This study was designed to examine the role of attachment...
Elastic Path2Path: Automated Morphological Classification of Neurons by Elastic Path Matching

In the study of neurons, morphology influences function. The complexity in the structure of neurons poses a challenge in the identification and analysis of similar and dissimilar neuronal cells. Existing methodologies carry out structural and geometrical simplifications, which substantially change the morphological statistics. Using digitally-reconstructed neurons, we extend the work of Path2Path as ElasticPath2Path, which seamlessly integrates the graph-theoretic and differential-geometric frameworks. By decomposing a neuron into a set of paths, we derive graph metrics, which are path concurrence and path hierarchy. Next, we model each path as an elastic string to compute the geodesic distance between the paths of a pair of neurons. Later, we formulate the problem of finding the distance between two neurons as a path assignment problem with a cost function combining the graph metrics and the geodesic deformation of paths. ElasticPath2Path is shown to have superior performance over the state of the art.
Intraoperative graft flow profiles in coronary artery bypass surgery: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Conduits used in coronary artery bypass artery grafting (CABG) have different properties and flow profiles. We compared intraoperative mean graft flow (MGF) between arterial and venous conduits, off-pump CABG (OPCABG) and on-pump CABG (ONCABG) procedures, skeletonized and pedicled internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts, and pulsatility index (PI) between OPCABG and ONCABG, in pairwise meta-analyses. METHODS Following a systematic literature search, all studies comparing MGF in arterial and venous grafts, were included. The primary endpoint was comparison of pooled MGF between arterial and venous grafts. Secondary endpoints were comparisons of pooled MGF in OPCABG vs ONCABG, anastomosed skeletonized vs pedicled IMA grafts, free skeletonized vs pedicled IMA grafts and PI in OPCABG versus ONCABG. RESULTS A total of 25 studies with 4443 patients were included. Compared with venous grafts, arterial grafts had lower MGF (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI, -0.34; -0.22]; P < .001). OPCABG was associated with significantly lower MGF compared to ONCABG (SMD, -0.29; 95%CI, -0.50; -0.08]; P = .01). No differences were found in MGF between skeletonized vs pedicled IMA after anastomosis (SMD, 0.32; 95%CI [-0.08; 0.71]; P = .11) or in free flow (SMD, 0.76; 95%CI [-0.14; 1.65]; P = .10). No difference was found in PI between OPCABG and ONCABG. At meta-regression, age was associated with higher MGF, while OPCABG was associated with lower MGF. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative flow of venous conduits is higher than that of arterial grafts. Compared to OPCABG surgery, graft flow is higher in ONCABG. In skeletonized and pedicled IMA conduits, no difference in flow profiles was found.