cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of Modeling Biological Information for Genome Databases

A gene can be defined as a basic unit of heredity and genetics as the study of genes and their properties. In a broad sense, genetics can be thought of as the construction of models based on information about genes and populations and the seeking of relationships between pieces of information. Information science can be applied here to collect and manage the data, model it, and mine it for relationships. This paper will focus primarily on the former two aspects. As a field of study, genetics can be divided into three branches: Mendelian genetics, molecular genetics, and population genetics. Mendelian or "classical" genetics is the study of the transmission of traits between generations. Molecular genetics is the study of the chemical structure of genes and their mechanism of function from a molecular perspective. Population genetics is the study of the variation in genetic information across populations of organisms. This paper discusses domain specific issues in modeling biological and genomic data and their importance in information system implementations. In particular, it focuses on the use of the mitochondrial genome as a model genomic system for the development of human genome databases. At the outset it is worthwhile reviewing the scope and aims of the Human Genome Project.
What Drives Wine Expenditure in the United States? A Four-State Wine Market Segmentation and Consumer Behaviors Study

This study explores wine expenditure driven factors for consumers in the United States by employing a four-state consumer behaviors study. A market segmentation method is applied to investigate spending patterns of 1,609 wine consumers in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Determinants including wine consumption frequency, preference of differently priced wines, wine knowledge, past wine experience, and “local” involvement are investigated and compared for their significance in driving expenditure on wine in general, as well as on locally produced wine specifically. This study also investigated the effect of the determinants on local wine to total wine expenditure ratio. Finally, this study recommends market strategic insights for wine business in general and local wine in specific.
Ergodic Exploration of Distributed Information

This paper presents an active search trajectory synthesis technique for autonomous mobile robots with nonlinear measurements and dynamics. The presented approach uses the ergodicity of a planned trajectory with respect to an expected information density map to close the loop during search. The ergodic control algorithm does not rely on discretization of the search or action spaces and is well posed for coverage with respect to the expected information density whether the information is diffuse or localized, thus trading off between exploration and exploitation in a single-objective function. As a demonstration, we use a robotic electrolocation platform to estimate location and size parameters describing static targets in an underwater environment. Our results demonstrate that the ergodic exploration of distributed information algorithm outperforms commonly used information-oriented controllers, particularly when distractions are present.
Multipartite Entanglement and Firewalls

Black holes offer an exciting area to explore the nature of quantum gravity. The classic work on Hawking radiation indicates that black holes should decay via quantum effects, but our ideas about how this might work at a technical level are incomplete. Recently Almheiri-Marolf-Polchinski-Sully (AMPS) have noted an apparent paradox in reconciling fundamental properties of quantum mechanics with standard beliefs about black holes. One way to resolve the paradox is to postulate the existence of a ``firewall'' inside the black hole horizon which prevents objects from falling smoothly toward the singularity. A fundamental limitation on the behavior of quantum entanglement known as ``monogamy'' plays a key role in the AMPS argument. Our goal is to study and apply many-body entanglement theory to consider the entanglement among different parts of Hawking radiation and black holes. Using the multipartite entanglement measure called negativity, we identify an example which could change the AMPS accounting of quantum entanglement and perhaps eliminate the need for a firewall. Specifically, we constructed a toy model for black hole decay which has different entanglement behavior than that assumed by AMPS. We discuss the additional steps that would be needed to bring lessons from our toy model to our understanding of realistic black holes.
Parallel and distributed block-coordinate frank-wolfe algorithms

We study parallel and distributed Frank-Wolfe algorithms; the former on shared memory machines with mini-batching, and the latter in a delayed update framework. In both cases, we perform computations asynchronously whenever possible. We assume block-separable constraints as in Block-Coordinate Frank-Wolfe (BCFW) method (Lacoste-Julien et al., 2013), but our analysis subsumes BCFW and reveals problemdependent quantities that govern the speedups of our methods over BCFW. A notable feature of our algorithms is that they do not depend on worst-case bounded delays, but only (mildly) on expected delays, making them robust to stragglers and faulty worker threads. We present experiments on structural SVM and Group Fused Lasso, and observe significant speedups over competing state-of-the-art (and synchronous) methods.
Political rumoring on Twitter during the 2012 US presidential election: Rumor diffusion and correction

Social media can be a double-edged sword for political misinformation, either a conduit propagating false rumors through a large population or an effective tool to challenge misinformation. To understand this phenomenon, we tracked a comprehensive collection of political rumors on Twitter during the 2012 US presidential election campaign, analyzing a large set of rumor tweets (n = 330,538). We found that Twitter helped rumor spreaders circulate false information within homophilous follower networks, but seldom functioned as a self-correcting marketplace of ideas. Rumor spreaders formed strong partisan structures in which core groups of users selectively transmitted negative rumors about opposing candidates. Yet, rumor rejecters neither formed a sizable community nor exhibited a partisan structure. While in general rumors resisted debunking by professional fact-checking sites (e.g. Snopes), this was less true of rumors originating with satirical sources.
Distinct responses to reduplicated chromosomes require distinct Mad2 responses.

Before a cell divides, it duplicates all its genetic information, which is stored on chromosomes. Then, each chromosome evenly divides into two new cells so that each cell ends up with identical copies of the genetic information. Because the cellular machinery that evenly divides chromosomes is built to recognize chromosomes that were duplicated exactly once, it is important to maintain this pattern of alternating one round of duplication with one round of division. Cells that instead duplicate their chromosomes more than once can make mistakes during division that are associated with diseases such as cancer. Chromosomes with extra duplications are present in normal tissues such as the placenta of mammals. They can also occur in human diseases and may even result from chemotherapy treatment. However, we know almost nothing about how cells respond to these problematic chromosomes when dividing. By studying cells from the Drosophila melanogaster species of fruit fly, Stormo and Fox discovered two distinct ways in which cells respond to extra chromosome duplications. One response occurs in cells that were experimentally engineered to undergo an extra chromosome duplication. These cells delay division so that the chromosome separation machinery can somehow adapt to the challenge of separating more than two chromosome copies at once. The second response occurs in cells that naturally undergo extra chromosome duplications before division. In these cells, Stormo and Fox discovered a new type of chromosome separation, whereby the extra chromosome copies move apart from each other before cell division. In doing so the chromosomes can better interact with the chromosome separation machinery during division. Stormo and Fox also found that a protein named Mad2 is important in both responses, and gives the cell enough time to respond to extra chromosome copies. Without Mad2, the separation of chromosomes with extra duplications is too hasty, and can lead to severe cell division errors and cause organs to form incorrectly. Having uncovered two new responses that cells use to adapt to extra chromosomes, it will now be important to find other proteins like Mad2 that are important in these events. Understanding these processes and the proteins involved in more detail could help to prevent diseases that are associated with extra chromosomes.
Investigating the Role of the Psychopathy Checklist–revised in United States Case Law

Although the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 2003) appears to be the most widely used measure of psychopathic traits in forensic settings around the world, relatively little is known about how often it is introduced into legal cases and the types of cases in which it is being used. DeMatteo and Edens (2006) first summarized the extant U.S. case law on the PCL-R, identifying 87 cases in which it had been introduced since its publication in 1991 through 2004. Using an identical search strategy employed in the earlier review (LexisNexis legal database), we identified 348 cases involving the PCL-R from 2005 through 2011. Notably, the PCL-R appeared to be primarily a “prosecution tool” in these cases in that it was rarely first introduced into evidence by the defense. In most cases it was used to assess offenders with significant histories of violence in the context of risk assessments—with resulting risk statements being strongly associated with the results of the PCL-R evaluation (i.e., high psychopathy equating with high recidivism risk, low psychopathy equating with low recidivism risk). Challenges to the admissibility of PCL-R evidence in these cases were rare and typically unsuccessful, even though some assertions, particularly in relation to the PCL-R's predictive validity, appeared to have questionable scientific support. On average, prosecution examiners reported PCL-R scores that were 7 points higher than defense examiners. We discuss these findings in the context of the appropriate roles for the PCL-R in court and its potential for misuse when evaluating psycho-legal issues.
A Field Evolves: Introduction to the Special Section on Law and Emotion

Law and emotion has evolved into a vibrant and diverse field, drawing in legal scholars and interdisciplinary partners from across the social sciences, hard sciences, and humanities. This introduction to the special section on law and emotion traces the history and theoretical underpinnings of this movement and situates the special section within it. The insights of emotion research can help legal scholars and practitioners to better calibrate law to human realities and to foster a desired set of emotional experiences among law’s subjects. Law, in turn, offers to researchers a forum within which to explore emotion in a dynamic and influential real-world setting. The introduction ends with a call to disciplined interdisciplinarity.
Carbenicillin and Ticarcillin

Carbenicillin and ticarcillin are penicillins which were initially developed as agents to treat serious Pseudomonas infections in the seriously ill hospitalized patient. These drugs have made a major contribution to improved survival in the neutropenic patients with Pseudomonas infection, the burn patient and to the care of the patient with cystic fibrosis. Areas of use for the compounds have enlarged to include aspiration pneumonitis in hospitalized patients, intra-abdominal and pelvic sepsis, and infections due to Proteus and Enterobacter species. Careful attention to the pharmacology of the agents is necessary to achieve clinical and bacteriologic success and to avoid the toxic side-effects such as bleeding and hypokalemia associated with the use of these agents. A decade of use has shown that the agents have remained effective agents in institutions in which their use has not been abused. It is too early to clearly position azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin. In the next few years the role of these potent compounds will be established. As noted in this review, these three agents have been used with success to treat all of the aforementioned infections. With these drugs it is also essential that the physician closely correlate in vitro data and the human pharmacology of the drugs if he or she wishes to achieve the most effective response from the agents.
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Wind Generation for Optimal Energy Storage Sizing

Ever increasing penetration of wind power generation along with the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs) makes the successive states of the power system interdependent and more stochastic. Appropriate stochastic modeling of wind power is required to deal with the existence of uncertainty either in observations of the data (spatial) or in the characteristics that drive the evolution of the data (temporal). Particularly, for capturing spatiotemporal interdependencies and determining energy storage requirements, this paper proposes a versatile model using advanced statistical modeling based on the vine-copula theory. To tackle the complexity and computational burden of modeling high-dimensional wind data, a systematic truncation method is utilized that significantly reduces computational burden of the method while preserving the required accuracy. By constructing a graphical dependency model, unlike existing autoregressive and Markov chain models, the proposed method can replicate the exact autocorrelation function (ACF) and cross-correlation function (CCF), while retaining the correct distribution of the original data as well as the effective dependence between different sites under study. The practical importance of the proposed model is demonstrated through an example of ESS sizing for wind power.
Hydrogen-carbon complexes and the blue luminescence band in GaN

The blue luminescence band with a maximum at 3.0 eV and the zero-phonon line at 3.33 eV (labeled BL2) is observed in high-resistivity GaN. Under prolonged ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, the BL2 band transforms into the yellow luminescence (YL) band with a maximum at 2.2 eV. Our hybrid functional calculations suggest that the BL2 band is related to a hydrogen-carbon defect complex, either CNON-Hi or CN-Hi. The complex creates defect transition level close to the valence band, which is responsible for the BL2 band. Under UV illumination, the complex dissociates, leaving as byproduct the source of the YL band (CNON or CN) and interstitial hydrogen.
Electron shell ionization of atoms with classical, relativistic scattering.

We investigate forward scattering of ionization from neon, argon, and xenon in ultrahigh intensities of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Comparisons between the gases reveal the energy of the outgoing photoelectron determines its momentum, which can be scattered as far forward as 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the laser wave vector ${k}_{\mathrm{laser}}$ for energies greater than 1 MeV. The shell structure in the atom manifests itself as modulations in the photoelectron yield and the width of the angular distributions. We arrive at an agreement with theory by using an independent electron model for the atom, a dipole approximation for the bound state interaction, and a relativistic, three-dimensional, classical radiation field including the laser magnetic field. The studies provide the atomic physics within plasmas, radiation, and particle acceleration in ultrastrong fields.
Cine Substitution of Arenes Using the Aryl Carbamate as a Removable Directing Group

An efficient and controlled means to achieve a rare cine substitution of arenes is reported. The methodology relies on the strategic use of aryl O-carbamates as readily removable directing groups for arene functionalization. The removal of aryl carbamates is achieved by employing an air-stable Ni(II) precatalyst, along with an inexpensive reducing agent, to give synthetically useful yields across a range of substrates. The net cine substitution process offers a new strategy for analogue synthesis, which complements the well-established logic for achieving arene functionalization by ipso substitution.
The Interactive Role of Emotional Intelligence, Attachment Style, and Resilience in the Prediction of Time Perception in Doctoral Students

Date Presented 04/05/19 Emotional intelligence, attachment style, and resilience were found to work together to predict time perception, which literature has shown to predict academic achievement in doctoral students. OT academicians can use these results to enhance admission criteria by screening for emotional intelligence, attachment style, and resilience and help at-risk students in online distance doctoral programs strengthen these predictors. Primary Author and Speaker: Pat Precin
Land Use and Runoff Uncertainty

Data from about 160 neighborhoods in six Jefferson County, AL drainage areas were intensively investigated to determine the surface covers for each land use type. The data shows that the watersheds are highly impervious, with three of them having more than 50% of the watershed area composed of impervious cover. However, TR-55 (USDA 1986) guidance still shows that the impervious cover for all land uses investigated to be much greater than we observed for our area. It was also concluded that the variabilities of the surface covers within the different land uses for the investigated areas was small, especially for the impervious covers. The percent of directly connected impervious cover (DCIA) was determined by direct field observations and was also estimated by empirical equations. Equations for determining DCIA developed as part of several different studies were use to predict DCIA for our data, but did not give good estimates especially when analyzed at land use level. There was a similarity between “highly connected basins” Sutherland equation and the fitted equation for our overall data. However, the residual analysis for the regression model failed, suggesting that the power equation is not the proper equation to be used for those six drainage areas. Consequently, equations for each existing land use were developed, concluding that a single equation cannot accurately estimate DCIA for all regions and land uses.
Fully motorized optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy

Fully motorized optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy integrates five complementary scanning modes and simultaneously provides a high imaging speed (2 kHz B-scan rate) and a large field of view (10×8 mm2) for fast quantitative imaging.
Applicability and limitations of impact echo in bridge deck condition monitoring

A010 Applicability and Limitations of Impact Echo in Bridge Deck Condition Monitoring P. Shokouhi * (The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)) N. Gucunski (Rutgers University) & A. Maher (Rutgers University) SUMMARY Near Surface 2006 — Helsinki Finland 4 - 6 September 2006 One of the most common problems in concrete bridge decks is a corrosion-induced deck delamination. A number of nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques have been utilized to map delaminated zones in concrete bridge decks (Scott et al. 2003). Impact echo (IE) an ultrasonic seismic method has proved successful in detection of delaminations in concrete bridge decks at
Bot-based collective blocklists in Twitter: the counterpublic moderation of harassment in a networked public space

This article introduces and discusses bot-based collective blocklists (or blockbots) in Twitter, which have been developed by volunteers to combat harassment in the social networking site. Blockbots support the curation of a shared blocklist of accounts, where subscribers to a blockbot will not receive any notifications or messages from those on the blocklist. Blockbots support counterpublic communities, helping people moderate their own experiences of a site. This article provides an introduction and overview of blockbots and the issues that they raise about networked publics and platform governance, extending an intersecting literature on online harassment, platform governance, and the politics of algorithms. Such projects involve a far more reflective, intentional, transparent, collaborative, and decentralized way of using algorithmic systems to respond to issues like harassment. I argue that blockbots are not just technical solutions but social ones as well, a notable exception to common technologically determinist solutions that often push responsibility for issues like harassment to the individual user. Beyond the case of Twitter, blockbots call our attention to collective, bottom-up modes of computationally assisted moderation that can be deployed by counterpublic groups who want to participate in networked publics where hegemonic and exclusionary practices are increasingly prevalent.
The Economics of Public Beta Testing

A growing number of software firms now rely on public beta testing to improve the quality of their products before commercial release. While the benefits resulting from improved software reliability are well recognized, some important market-related benefits have not been studied. Through word-of-mouth, public beta testers can accelerate the diffusion of a software product after its release. Additionally, because of network effects, public beta testers can increase users’ valuation of a product. In this study, we consider both reliability-related and market-related benefits, and develop models to determine the optimal number of public beta testers and the optimal duration of testing. Our analyses show that public beta testing can be profitable even if word-of-mouth and network effects are the only benefits. Furthermore, when both benefits are considered, there is significant “economies of scope”—the net profit increases at a faster rate when both word-of-mouth and network effects are significant than when only one benefit is present. Finally, our sensitivity analyses demonstrate that public beta testing remains highly valuable to software firms over a wide range of testing and market conditions. In particular, firms will realize greater profits when recruiting public beta testers who are interested in the software but unable to afford it.
Invited Talk I

Licensure of certain software engineers in the United States will be required in at least 10 states by 2013 and, likely, by all US states and jurisdictions within a few years. States license engineers to ensure that those who offer services directly to the public are minimally competent. But what kinds of software systems affect the health, safety and welfare of the public? Which software engineers will need to be licensed? The answers to these two questions are both a matter of law and of science. This paper introduces some of the scientific aspects of these two questions from the perspective of reliability engineering and suggests new research directions to help answer these questions.
Product Concept Demonstrations in Trade Shows and Firm Value

AbstractTrade shows are a popular venue for firms to demonstrate their portfolio of market-ready new products as well as product concepts under different stages of development. Utilizing auto shows as a context, the authors investigate the effects of concept and product demonstrations on the demonstrating firm’s value. Event study results show that abnormal returns follow an inverted U-shaped effect of product development stages: that is, previously demonstrated concepts approaching potential launch have the strongest positive effect, followed by early-stage concepts demonstrated for the first time to the world (i.e., debuts), and then market-ready new products. Trade show locations mediate these effects. The effects of early-stage debut demonstrations appear only when concepts are presented in trade shows located in the home country of the demonstrating firm. However, the effects of displaying previously demonstrated concepts, which have survived product development hurdles, are present in venues within ...
A Supervised Learning Algorithm for Binary Domain Classification of Web Queries using SERPs

General purpose Search Engines (SEs) crawl all domains (e.g., Sports, News, Entertainment) of the Web, but sometimes the informational need of a query is restricted to a particular domain (e.g., Medical). We leverage the work of SEs as part of our effort to route domain specific queries to local Digital Libraries (DLs). SEs are often used even if they are not the "best" source for certain types of queries. Rather than tell users to "use this DL for this kind of query", we intend to automatically detect when a query could be better served by a local DL (such as a private, access-controlled DL that is not crawlable via SEs). This is not an easy task because Web queries are short, ambiguous, and there is lack of quality labeled training data (or it is expensive to create). To detect queries that should be routed to local, specialized DLs, we first send the queries to Google and then examine the features in the resulting Search Engine Result Pages. Using 400,000 AOL queries for the "non-scholar" domain and 400,000 queries from the NASA Technical Report Server for the "scholar" domain, our classifier achieved a precision of 0.809 and F-measure of 0.805.
Discriminative Structure Learning of Arithmetic Circuits

The biggest limitation of probabilistic graphical models is the complexity of inference, which is often intractable. An appealing alternative is to use tractable probabilistic models, such as arithmetic circuits (ACs) and sum-product networks (SPNs), in which marginal and conditional queries can be answered efficiently. In this paper, we present the first discriminative structure learning algorithm for ACs, DACLearn (Discriminative AC Learner), which optimizes conditional log-likelihood. Based on our experiments, DACLearn learns models that are more accurate and compact than other tractable generative and discriminative baselines.
Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior.

The subject of this commentary represented the intersection of two important lines of neuroscience research. On the one hand was the increasing attention to neuropsychiatric syndromes occurring in patients with basal ganglia disorders. It was apparent that Huntington’s disease patients suffered from depression, mania, psychosis, and irritability; Parkinson’s disease patients manifested anxiety and depression; and other movement disorders were frequently accompanied by a variety of neuropsychiatric changes. These observations suggested that the basal ganglia played an important role in cognition and emotion, but no satisfactory framework for understanding this relationship had been identified; similarly, there was no explanation of the features shared by frontal lobe syndromes and basal ganglia disorders. Simultaneously, movement disorder experts and neuroanatomists described a set of five frontal-subcortical circuits projecting from specific regions in the frontal lobe through the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra and then through the thalamus and back to the frontal lobes. The frontal cortical regions originating the frontal-subcortical circuits included the supplementary motor areas mediating somatomotor activity; the frontal eye fields mediating extraocular movements; and three frontal-subcortical circuits originating in prefrontal regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and medial frontal anterior cingulate region. The three prefrontal sites participating in the prefrontal subcortical circuits had known associated neurobehavioral syndromes. Dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex produces executive cognitive dysfunction; disorders of the orbitofrontal cortex produce disinhibition and tactless impulsive behavior; and disorders of the anterior cingulate are associated with apathy and reduced motivation. The projections from the prefrontal regions through the basal ganglia and thalamus suggested that the frontal-subcortical circuitry could provide an anatomical basis for explaining both the frequent occurrence of neuropsychiatric disturbances in pa-
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: strengthening the links in the chain of survival.

The major determinants of survival after witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation include whether a bystander initiates cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and how quickly defibrillation is accomplished. The now-classic observations of Eisenberg et al. were that among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, 43 percent survived to leave the hospital if CPR was initiated by a bystander within four minutes and if definitive therapy was delivered within eight minutes.1 Survival decreased to less than 7 percent if basic CPR was not initiated until 8 minutes, and no patient survived after 16 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation. . . .
Description and pathogenesis of late stages of retinopathy of prematurity.

The retinal and vitreous changes seen in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can be explained by proliferation and contraction of tissue originating in the shunt area. Avascular retina is stretchable, and therefore much of it stays attached, while vascular retina is nonstretchable and detaches. When the shunt area forms a circular ring, one of three distinct patterns of retinal detachment develops, according to whether the shunt area is anterior, equatorial, or posterior in location. The detachments of ROP are, typically, traction detachments. [
Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 Deficiency Results in Amplification of the Liver Fat-Lowering Effect of Estrogen

Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates multiple biologic processes, including hepatic lipid metabolism. Estrogen exerts actions affecting energy homeostasis, including a liver fat-lowering effect. Increasing evidence indicates the crosstalk between these two molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Nrf2 modulates estrogen signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was induced in wild-type and Nrf2-null mice fed a high-fat diet and the liver fat-lowering effect of exogenous estrogen was subsequently assessed. We found that exogenous estrogen eliminated 49% and 90% of hepatic triglycerides in wild-type and Nrf2-null mice with NAFLD, respectively. This observation demonstrates that Nrf2 signaling is antagonistic to estrogen signaling in hepatic fat metabolism; thus, Nrf2 absence results in striking amplification of the liver fat-lowering effect of estrogen. In addition, we found the association of trefoil factor 3 and fatty acid binding protein 5 with the liver fat-lowering effect of estrogen. In summary, we identified Nrf2 as a novel and potent inhibitor of estrogen signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism. Our finding may provide a potential strategy to treat NAFLD by dually targeting Nrf2 and estrogen signaling.
Precision direct photon spectra at high energy and comparison to the 8 TeV ATLAS data

The direct photon spectrum is computed to the highest currently available precision and compared to ATLAS data from 8 TeV collisions at the LHC. The prediction includes threshold resummation at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order through the program PeTeR, matched to next-to-leading fixed order with fragmentation effects using JetPhox and includes the resummation of leading-logarithmic electroweak Sudakov effects. Remarkably, improved agreement with data can be seen when each component of the calculation is added successively. This comparison demonstrates the importance of both threshold logs and electroweak Sudakov effects. Numerical values for the predictions are included.
Multilateral Institutions and Conflict Resolution

States have a multitude of tools for territorial dispute resolution at their disposal ranging from direct bilateral negotiations to third-party states to international organizations (IOs). While the literature explores when states are more likely to accept a third party in their negotiations and when they are more likely to seek a resolution to their disputes bilaterally, we have little understanding of why states are more likely to seek IOs for such tasks. We examine the disputants that prefer certain conflict managers, with a focus on the distinguishing characteristics of IO-led conflict management. We derive a set of hypotheses based on our expectations that, due to the institutional and multilateral characteristics of IOs, certain states will turn to them to resolve their disputes while others will avoid them. Using the Issue Correlates of War data, we find support for our hypotheses. We conclude that the institutional and multilateral characteristics of negotiations indeed affect states’ conflict resolution choices.
Lateralization and performance asymmetries in the termite fishing of wild chimpanzees in the goualougo triangle, republic of Congo.

The nearly universal right hand preference manifested by human populations is one of the most pronounced manifestations of population-level lateralization. Morphological and archeological evidence indicate that this behavioral specialization may have emerged among our hominin ancestors. Whether population-level behavioral asymmetries are evident in non-human animals remains a topic of considerable scientific debate, with the most consistent evidence of population-level trends emerging from studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). However, previous studies of population-level lateralization in wild apes have relied upon data sets pooled across populations to reach adequate sample sizes. Our aim was to test for population-level handedness within a single wild chimpanzee population, and also to determine if performance asymmetries were associated with handedness. To address these questions, we coded handedness and duration of fishing probe insertions from remote video footage of chimpanzee visitation to termite nests (totaling 119 hr) in the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo. Similar to reports from other populations, chimpanzees in the Goualougo Triangle showed robust individual hand preferences for termite fishing. There were 46 right-handed, 39 left-handed, and 4 ambiguously-handed individuals. Though we did not detect an overall significant population-level handedness (t(88) = 0.83, n.s.) in this study, males showed a greater right hand preference than females. Further, we found that average dipping latencies were significantly faster for right- compared to left-handed chimpanzees. Possible explanations and evolutionary implications of taxa- and task-specific patterns of population-level laterality are discussed. Am. J. Primatol. 78:1190-1200, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pelvic Pain in Women

In the majority of cases, pelvic pain in women has no anatomic basis, yet the desire to eliminate pelvic pain motivates more gynecologic surgery than any other single reason. Only a few of the female genitalia actually have end organs for pain. True causes of pelvic pain arising from the genitalia and other sources are irritation of the peritoneum, traction on a mesentery, distention of a viscus or tissue space, pressure, and spasm or rupture of a viscus.Physicians cannot always diagnose the cause of pelvic pain, but they can refuse to operate when a pelvic lesion is not found. Only in this way can the common neurotic fixations and chronic pelvic invalidism be prevented.
On Surfaces that are Intrinsically Surfaces of Revolution

We consider surfaces in Euclidean space parametrized on an annular domain such that the first fundamental form and the principal curvatures are rotationally invariant, and the principal curvature directions only depend on the angle of rotation (but not the radius). Such surfaces generalize the Enneper surface. We show that they are necessarily of constant mean curvature, and that the rotational speed of the principal curvature directions is constant. We classify the minimal case. The (non-zero) constant mean curvature case has been classified by Smyth.
An application of the 4-parameter controller to the robot payload variation problem

A diagnostic system is designed to maintain high performance of robotic manipulators during payload variations. The novel application of failure diagnostic methods to the problem of detecting abrupt payload variations in robots is utilized. The application of the four-parameter controller to the simultaneous design of the feedback control and diagnostic systems using a computed torque controller is based on the key concept of treating the study of payload variations as a failure diagnostic problem. Simulation results that demonstrate the promise of the methodology are presented. >
Imperfect-Recall Abstractions with Bounds in Games

Imperfect-recall abstraction has emerged as the leading paradigm for practical large-scale equilibrium computation in imperfect-information games. However, imperfect-recall abstractions are poorly understood, and only weak algorithm-specific guarantees on solution quality are known. We develop the first general, algorithm-agnostic, solution quality guarantees for Nash equilibria and approximate self-trembling equilibria computed in imperfect-recall abstractions, when implemented in the original (perfect-recall) game. Our results are for a class of games that generalizes the only previously known class of imperfect-recall abstractions for which any such results have been obtained. Further, our analysis is tighter in two ways, each of which can lead to an exponential reduction in the solution quality error bound. We then show that for extensive-form games that satisfy certain properties, the problem of computing a bound-minimizing abstraction for a single level of the game reduces to a clustering problem, where the increase in our bound is the distance function. This reduction leads to the first imperfect-recall abstraction algorithm with solution quality bounds. We proceed to show a divide in the class of abstraction problems. If payoffs are at the same scale at all information sets considered for abstraction, the input forms a metric space, and this immediately yields a $2$-approximation algorithm for abstraction. Conversely, if this condition is not satisfied, we show that the input does not form a metric space. Finally, we provide computational experiments to evaluate the practical usefulness of the abstraction techniques. They show that running counterfactual regret minimization on such abstractions leads to good strategies in the original games.
ExSurv: A Web Resource for Prognostic Analyses of Exons Across Human Cancers Using Clinical Transcriptomes.

Survival analysis in biomedical sciences is generally performed by correlating the levels of cellular components with patients' clinical features as a common practice in prognostic biomarker discovery. While the common and primary focus of such analysis in cancer genomics so far has been to identify the potential prognostic genes, alternative splicing – a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism that affects the functional form of a protein due to inclusion or exclusion of individual exons giving rise to alternative protein products, has increasingly gained attention due to the prevalence of splicing aberrations in cancer transcriptomes. Hence, uncovering the potential prognostic exons can not only help in rationally designing exon-specific therapeutics but also increase specificity toward more personalized treatment options. To address this gap and to provide a platform for rational identification of prognostic exons from cancer transcriptomes, we developed ExSurv (https://exsurv.soic.iupui.edu), a web-based platform for predicting the survival contribution of all annotated exons in the human genome using RNA sequencing-based expression profiles for cancer samples from four cancer types available from The Cancer Genome Atlas. ExSurv enables users to search for a gene of interest and shows survival probabilities for all the exons associated with a gene and found to be significant at the chosen threshold. ExSurv also includes raw expression values across the cancer cohort as well as the survival plots for prognostic exons. Our analysis of the resulting prognostic exons across four cancer types revealed that most of the survival-associated exons are unique to a cancer type with few processes such as cell adhesion, carboxylic, fatty acid metabolism, and regulation of T-cell signaling common across cancer types, possibly suggesting significant differences in the posttranscriptional regulatory pathways contributing to prognosis.
A note on jointly modeling edges and node attributes of a network

Abstract We are interested in modeling networks in which the connectivity among the nodes and node attributes are random variables and interact with each other. We propose a probabilistic model that allows one to formulate jointly a probability distribution for these variables. This model can be described as a combination of a latent space model and a Gaussian graphical model: given the node variables, the edges will follow independent logistic distributions, with the node variables as covariates; given edges, the node variables will be distributed jointly as multivariate Gaussian, with their conditional covariance matrix depending on the graph induced by the edges. We will present some basic properties of this model, including a connection between this model and a dynamical network process involving both edges and node variables, the marginal distribution of the model for edges as a random graph model, its one-edge conditional distributions, the FKG inequality, and the existence of a limiting distribution for the edges in an infinite graph.
Correctness Guarantees for the Composition of Lane Keeping and Adaptive Cruise Control

This paper develops a control approach with correctness guarantees for the simultaneous operation of lane keeping and adaptive cruise control. The safety specifications for these driver assistance modules are expressed in terms of set invariance. Control barrier functions (CBFs) are used to design a family of control solutions that guarantee the forward invariance of a set, which implies satisfaction of the safety specifications. The CBFs are synthesized through a combination of sum-of-squares program and physics-based modeling and optimization. A real-time quadratic program is posed to combine the CBFs with the performance-based controllers, which can be either expressed as control Lyapunov function conditions or as black-box legacy controllers. In both cases, the resulting feedback control guarantees the safety of the composed driver assistance modules in a formally correct manner. Importantly, the quadratic program admits a closed-form solution that can be easily implemented. The effectiveness of the control approach is demonstrated by simulations in the industry-standard vehicle simulator Carsim. Note to Practitioners —Safety is of paramount importance for the control of automated vehicles. This paper is motivated by the problem of designing controllers that are provably correct for the simultaneous operation of two driver assistance modules, lane keeping and adaptive cruise control. This is a challenging problem partially, because the lateral and longitudinal dynamics of the vehicles are coupled, with few results known to exist that provide formal guarantees. In this paper, we employ an assume-guarantee formalism between these two subsystems, such that they can be considered individually; based on that, we use optimization to design safe sets that serves as “supervisors” for vehicle behavior, such that the trajectories of the closed-loop system are confined within the safe sets using predetermined bounds on wheel force and steering angle. The feedback controller is constructed by solving convex quadratic programs online, which can also be given in closed form, making the implementation much easier. One particular advantage of this control approach is that the safety set and the performance controller can be designed separately, which enables the integration of a legacy controller into a correct-by-construction solution.
Integrable Nonlocal Nonlinear Equations

A nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation was recently found by the authors and shown to be an integrable infinite dimensional Hamiltonian equation. Unlike the classical (local) case, here the nonlinearly induced “potential” is PT symmetric thus the nonlocal NLS equation is also PT symmetric. In this paper, new reverse space-time and reverse time nonlocal nonlinear integrable equations are introduced. They arise from remarkably simple symmetry reductions of general AKNS scattering problems where the nonlocality appears in both space and time or time alone. They are integrable infinite dimensional Hamiltonian dynamical systems. These include the reverse space-time, and in some cases reverse time, nonlocal NLS, modified Korteweg-deVries (mKdV), sine-Gordon, (1 + 1) and (2 + 1) dimensional three-wave interaction, derivative NLS, “loop soliton,” Davey–Stewartson (DS), partially PT symmetric DS and partially reverse space-time DS equations. Linear Lax pairs, an infinite number of conservation laws, inverse scattering transforms are discussed and one soliton solutions are found. Integrable reverse space-time and reverse time nonlocal discrete nonlinear Schrodinger type equations are also introduced along with few conserved quantities. Finally, nonlocal Painleve type equations are derived from the reverse space-time and reverse time nonlocal NLS equations.
Minimizing blood loss at cesarean-hysterectomy for placenta previa percreta.

Preventing blood loss at the time of a cesarean delivery during a scheduled, nonemergent cesarean hysterectomy for placenta percreta may reduce the need for crystalloid and blood product transfusion. Commonly a classical hysterotomy is created and this can result in as much as a 500-800 mL blood loss before the hysterotomy is closed. Our technique involves placement of 4 full-thickness interrupted sutures in a box pattern to create an unperfused area of upper uterine segment. Diathermy is used to open the uterus to the membranes in the center of the "box" without blood loss. A finger is then inserted between the membranes and uterus to create a space into which 1 side of an 80-mm linear cutting stapler is introduced. The other side of the stapler is then attached and clamped closed, and the stapler is activated. Forward motion of the lever lays down 2 rows of staples, and backward movement of the lever divides the uterine muscle between the 2 staple lines. The stapler is removed and reloaded and reintroduced 1 or 2 times as needed to create an avascular hysterotomy large enough to atraumatically deliver the baby. The membranes are then opened and the baby is delivered. Following this the umbilical cord is clamped and cut without any attempt to remove the placenta, replaced in the uterine cavity, and the hysterotomy is closed with a running locked suture that incorporates the membrane edges. The hysterectomy then proceeds. In most cases there is minimal blood loss (usually
Analyzing the I/O behavior of supercomputer applications

The authors describe the collection and analysis of supercomputer I/O (input/output) traces on a Cray Y-MP. Analyzing these traces, which came primarily from programs with high I/O requirements, shows the file system I/O patterns that these applications exhibit. The authors classify application I/Os into three categories, required, checkpoint, and data staging, and show how memory size and CPU speed are likely to affect each category. An analysis of the data shows that data staging I/O dominates when it is present. >