cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in ECG lead aVR is a useful indicator of significant left main or ostial LAD coronary artery stenosis.

Objectives The authors tested the hypothesis that exercise treadmill testing (ETT)–induced ST-segment elevation (STE) in electrocardiographic lead aVR is an important indicator of significant left main coronary artery (LMCA) or ostial left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis. Background Although STE in lead aVR is an indicator of LMCA or very proximal LAD occlusion in acute coronary syndromes, its predictive power in the setting of ETT is uncertain. Methods Rest and stress electrocardiograms, clinical and stress test parameters, and single photon-emission computed tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) data, when available, were obtained in 454 subjects (378 with MPI) who underwent cardiac catheterization and standard Bruce ETT ≤ 6 months before catheterization. Patients were selected for LMCA or ostial LAD disease (≥50% stenosis) with or without other coronary artery disease (CAD), CAD (≥70% stenosis) without significant LMCA or ostial LAD, or no significant CAD. Univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses of clinical, electrocardiographic, stress test, and single photon-emission computed tomographic MPI variables were used to identify significant correlates of LMCA or ostial LAD stenosis. Bayesian analysis of the data also was performed. Results LMCA (n = 38) or ostial LAD (n = 42) stenosis occurred in 75 patients (5 patients had both). The remainder had CAD without LMCA or ostial LAD stenosis (n = 276) or no CAD (n = 103). In multivariate analysis, the strongest predictor was stress-induced STE in lead aVR (p Conclusions Stress (ETT)–induced STE in lead aVR is an important indicator of significant LMCA or ostial LAD stenosis and should not be ignored.
Functional Variant in the Autophagy-Related 5 Gene Promotor is Associated with Childhood Asthma

Rationale and Objective Autophagy is a cellular process directed at eliminating or recycling cellular proteins. Recently, the autophagy pathway has been implicated in immune dysfunction, the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders, and response to viral infection. Associations between two genes in the autophagy pathway, ATG5 and ATG7, with childhood asthma were investigated.
Ashkenazi Jewish Population Frequency of the Bloom Syndrome Gene 2281Δ6ins7 Mutation

Bloom syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized clinically by small size, sun-sensitive facial erythema, and immunodeficiency, and cytogenetically by increased chromosome breakage and sister chromatid exchange. Genomic instability renders Bloom syndrome patients at elevated risk for multiple cancers. Bloom syndrome occurs most commonly in the Ashkenazi Jewish population due to an apparent founder effect. The BLM gene on chromosome 15q26.1 was identified to encode a RecQ DNA helicase. Multiple mutations were identified, with Ashkenazi Jewish Bloom syndrome patients almost exclusively homozygous for a complex frameshift mutation (6-bp deletion/7-bp insertion at BLM nucleotide 2,281). This molecular genetic study seeks to verify the Ashkenazi Jewish carrier frequency of the BLM 2281 delta 6ins7 allele using semiautomated allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) analysis. Anonymized DNA samples from 1,016 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals and 307 non-Jewish individuals were screened. Ten Ashkenazi heterozygote carriers for the 2281 delta 6ins7 mutation were identified, giving a carrier frequency estimate of 0.98%, or approximately 1 carrier out of 102 individuals in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. These results are consistent with previous estimates, and combining our findings with the published molecular data collectively yields an Ashkenazi Jewish carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 104. Given its high population frequency and detection rate among Ashkenazi Jewish patients, the blmAsh mutation constitutes an appropriate addition to screening panels for Ashkenazi Jewish disease testing.
π+n→ η p: A Regge parametrization over a large energy range using Veneziano-type residue functions

Abstract A low-background sample of approximately 350 events from the reaction π + n→ η p has been obtained from a study of the reaction π + d→p pπ + π − π o in a bubble chamber experiment with indicent pion momentum between 1.1 and 2.4 GeV/ c . The η production angular distributions and the total η cross section are well fitted by a simple two-parameter Reggeized A 2 -exchange model with Veneziano-type residue functions and a normal-slope A 2 trajectory. The parametrization is also compared with data from other experiments spanning the incident momentum range from near threshold to 18.2 GeV/ c . Although agreement is very good for the total cross section, present data indicate that the parametrization exhibits too much shrinkage at the highest energies.
Phase Stability and Electronic Structure of NaMnO2

Lithiated transition metal oxides are known for their use as cathodes in lithium-ion batteries. Most studies since 1990 have focused on LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , and LiMn 2 O 4 . Over the last few years, there have been considerable experimental and theoretical studies conducted on LiMnO 2 , whose layered form bears a structural similarity to the parent compound. NaMnO 2 . First principle ab initio studies have therefore been conducted in this system. Results of the simulation show that the monoclinic phase of the compound is stable in the antiferromagnetic state similar to the experimental studies. Density of states and hand structure calculations reveal that the antiferromagnetic monoclinic structure is a semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.3 eV. Both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states of the metastable hexagonal polymorph are metallic. Arguments based on the atomic size and magnetic interactions have been made to justify the stability of the monoclinic phase of NaMnO 2 . It is envisaged that these fundamental studies on the structure and electronic properties of NaMnO 2 will play an important role in understanding the stability of the layered form of NaMnO 2 .
Photo-acoustic measurement of thermal conductivity of thin films and bulk materials

Thermal property data are important for every material that is exposed to thermal loading. Due to the microstructures of thin films such as grain size, amorphousness, and concentration of foreign atoms and defects, and also due to the physical dimensions of thin films, thermal conductivity of thin films may differ significantly from the bulk value. Because of the complexity of the thin film microstructure, experiments are often needed to determine thermal conductivity of thin films. The photoacoustic technique is one of the many techniques for measuring thermal conductivity of thin films. Compared with other techniques for thermal conductivity measurement, the photoacoustic method is relatively simple, yet is able to provide accurate thermal conductivity data for many types of thin films and bulk materials. In this work, a general analytical expression is developed, which relates the photoacoustic signal with the thermal properties, optical properties, and thermal contact resistance of a multi-layer system. Thermal conductivity of SiO{sub 2} with thicknesses from 0.05 to 0.5 {micro}m on Si wafer, e-beam evaporated thin nickel film on Si wafer and thermal barrier coatings on alloys is measured using the photoacoustic method up to a frequency of 20 kHz. In addition to the commonly used phasemore » shift fitting method, an amplitude fitting method is also employed. Using amplitude fitting, thermal conductivity for both thin films and bulk materials with smooth or rough surface are obtained, while phase shift fitting can only be used for films which are not thermally thick. Applications of the photoacoustic technique are discussed based on the experimental results.« less
Molecular thermodynamics of precipitation

Abstract Using a simple theory for fluids and a simple theory for a solid, it is possible to construct a semi-quantitative corresponding-states phase diagram where a reduced temperature is plotted as a function of a reduced density. The reducing parameters are molecular size ( σ 3 ) and molecular potential energy ( e / k B ); the phase diagram includes both low-density and high-density fluid regions and the solid region. These calculations apply to a pure substance or, of more interest, to a solute dissolved in a continuous solvent. The qualitative nature of the phase diagram depends strongly on the range of attractive intermolecular forces as indicated by an exponential parameter n ; when coordination number z =8 and n is about 6, we obtain the usual phase diagram where the fluid–solid region lies to the right of the fluid–fluid coexistence curve. But when n is about 7 or 8, the fluid–solid region lies above the fluid–fluid coexistence curve. Applications are discussed for aqueous solutions of a colloid or a globular protein that may also contain a salt or a polymer to induce precipitation.
Analyzing Software Piracy from Supply and Demand Factors The Competing Roles of Corruption and Economic Wealth

This study analyzes the competing roles of economic wealth and corruption on software piracy based on the supply-demand perspective. The study argues that even though greater economic wealth may encourage people to buy legal software instead of using pirated software, the ease of access to pirated copies in the open market as a result of corruption can have a stronger influence on the decision to use pirated software. The empirical results also reveal that while an increase in economic wealth can reduce software piracy, its effect tends to be moderated by the level of corruption in a country. These results indicate that a pricing strategy that makes software more affordable is not a sufficient policy for combating software piracy. Additional policies aimed at combating corruption should be implemented concomitantly for effective resolution of this problem.
A Microwave Study of Moving Striations Using Cavity Techniques

Variation of charge density in the positive column of a dc discharge due to the presence of a moving striation is investigated. A microwave cavity operating in the TM010 mode is used to measure the effects of the striation on the resonant frequency of the cavity. The results of the microwave measurements are compared with the photomultiplier data and the probe characteristics. Although no quantitatively accurate data could be obtained from the microwave measurement, some interesting results which contradict qualitatively previous observations of the striation are presented.
An analytical model of the surface roughness of an aluminum alloy treated with a surface nanocrystallization and hardening process

Abstract An analytical model is developed to predict the surface roughness of Al-5052 plates treated with the surface nanocrystallization and hardening process. The peak-to-valley distances calculated using the analytical model compare reasonably well with the experimental data as well as those predicted using the finite element analysis.
Hold-up of fine particles in the packed dense bed of the multisolid pneumatic transport bed

Abstract The hold-up of fine particles in the packed bed of dense particles in the multisolid pneumatic transport bed was experimentally examined. In the experiments, three types of fine particles were used including FCC particles (65 μm), glass beads (105 μm) and fine sand (155 μm), while three types of dense particles were used including aluminum particles (5.50 mm and 6.96 mm) and iron oxide particles (11.08 mm). The hold-up of fine particles in the packed bed of dense particles was found to be higher by a factor as large as 6 compared with that observed in systems without dense particles. An interaction coefficient between fine particles and dense particles was defined based on the momentum balance equation of fine particles in the packed bed. This interaction coefficient, which is empirically correlated, was utilized to account for the hold-up of fine particles in the packed bed.
General theory of vibrational mode mixing and frequency shifts in resonance raman scattering

Abstract A general formalism is given for treating vibrational mode mixing, frequency shifts, and atomic equilibrium position shifts under electronic excitation in resonance Raman scattering. The theory is exact for first-order scattering at T = 0 K for all linear and quadratic electron-phonon coupling strengths. Numerical results illustrating mode mixing are presented.
Empowering science and mathematics education in urban schools

This book adds to the surge in the last few years of publications addressing issues in the teaching and learning of mathematics and science within a social justice perspective. Its seven chapters g...
A modified technique of orthotopic transplant of the kidney in rabbits

In this study kidneys were harvested from bred-for-research cats weighing 4 to 5 kg. General principles of donor bilateral nephrectomy en bloc with aorta, vena cava, renal vessels, and ureters were followed. After the harvest the grafts were placed in lactated Ringer slush. A cuff was prepared on the renal vein over a 10 French plastic tube. The aorta was divided and left in connection with the renal artery at each side. Twenty female checkered Flemish giant rabbits weighing 4.0–6.0 kg served as recipients. After pre-medication with 40 mg/kg of ketamine, anesthesia was maintained with repeated doses (every 10–15 min) of a 0.1-mL mixture of 5 parts ketamine and 1 part acepromazine diluted 50% in a normal saline. Arterial pressure, CVP, blood gases, and temperature were monitored. Through a limited midline incision a native left nephrectomy was performed. The venous anastomosis was performed with a cuff technique without clamping the vena cava (which causes severe hemodynamic instability); the anastomotic time was 2–3 min. The arterial anastomosis was performed with an end-to-side aorta-to-aorta anastomosis; the anastomotic time was 5 to 7 min. There were no episodes of venous or arterial thrombosis. The donor procedure took approximately 40 min, and the backtable preparation of the graft an additional 45 to 60 min. Preparation of the recipient for the anastomosis took 15 min and the anastomotic time (warm ischemia) was 13 ± 5 min. In this model suitable for xenograft research the duration of the surgery in the recipient has been greatly reduced because of (1) the previous backtable preparation of the graft, and (2) the cuff technique used for venous anastomosis. The present anesthesia regimen and careful hemodynamic monitoring were also important in the success of this model.
Making Hay While the Sun Shines: Using the Cause of Equine Welfare as a Platform for Teaching the Skills of Information Literacy

This paper will tell the story of how a librarian's involvement in a cause served as a catalyst for a whole new way of thinking about teaching, learning and the entire information seeking process. Grounded in community service, this teaching model is based on the principles of service learning and embedded librarianship, continuing to evolve as it literally carries its tools "out in the field", using mobile technology to teach new skills to users in unexpected environments.Having begun her career as a public librarian, Elizabeth Lorenzen was always interested in outreach. During her undergraduate years at the Herron School of Art, IUPUI, she came up with the idea of having "a place in the country where I could take in horses that no one wanted, giving them a wonderful life." Her concept finally came to fruition when she founded Peacefield Equine Sanctuary, Inc. (PES) in 2008. While realizing that "we could never save all the horses that needed us, our only hope was through education, and teaching the right way to care for our equine friends." When the Philosophy Department at Indiana State University reached out to Peacefield in 2011 to allow students to receive classroom credit for community service at an animal shelter, the concept continued to evolve, and Lorenzen has not looked back. Youth groups all over the Wabash Valley have participated in PES's ever-expanding volunteer program, from Scouts and 4-H clubs, to at-risk youth in the schools and members of substance abuse rehab programs. Participants learn, not just about the cause of equine welfare, but how to care for these majestic animals while using different types of technology to mine and gather the information, increasing their information literacy skills in exciting and stimulating ways.Peacefield has been honored nationally for the impact it has made on its community, and beyond. In addition, a new contribution to the community is developing as Peacefield is assisting with training and information dispersal for large animal disaster response.
Exploring new uses for measures of fit of phylogenetic hypotheses to the fossil record

Abstract Intrinsic features of organisms, such as morphology or DNA sequences, and the stratigraphic occurrence of fossils provide distinct evidence of the phylogenetic history of life. Because there is only one true history, we expect the historical signals preserved by these data sets to be similar, and several metrics have been developed to measure the fit of phylogenetic hypotheses to the fossil record. However, a variety of biases affect these metrics, and it is unclear whether they can provide more than an estimate of whether one tree fits the fossil record better than another when used on their own. Here we explore two novel applications of stratigraphic fit metrics when they are used with a combination of phylogeny reconstruction methods that do and do not directly include stratigraphic occurrence data (e.g., cladistics and stratocladistics). In particular, we are interested in whether differences in the stratigraphic fit of cladistic and stratocladistic trees can be used to identify cases in whic...
LASER BACKSCATTER CORRELATION WITH TURBULENT REGIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

A number of light scattering methods have been used to investigate the molecular and particulate content of the atmosphere. They include the searchlight probe studies of Elterman (1954) and Friedland, Katzenstein, and Zatzick (1956), the twilight scattering studies of Volz and Goody (1962) and the aureole photometry of Newkirk and Eddy (1964). With the advent of the high powered ruby laser, optical radar studies of the atmosphere have been made by Fiocco and Smullin (1963), Fiocco and Grams (1964), Clemensha, et al (1965), Bain and Sandford (1966), and Collis and Ligda (1964). Collis (1964) using a ground-based laser radar system observed “ghost” returns from apparently clear air and suggested that they were caused by stratified aerosol layers. It was also suggested that these returns could be used to map effects of air motion and possibly provide an indication of clear air turbulence (CAT). Franken et al (1965) used an airborne system to investigate the correlation between laser returns and clear air turbulence with inconclusive results.
A new hardware/software codesign environment and senior capstone design project for computer engineering

This paper describes a design environment and platform developed to support senior capstone design projects in computer engineering that incorporates the concept of hardware/software codesign. A proposed capstone design project which utilizes this environment is also presented. This project is being undertaken by senior computer engineering students for the first time this year at the authors' university.
Pulse Detonation Engine Characterization and Control Using Tunable Diode-Laser Sensors

One of the phenomena limiting the performance of pulse detonation engines (PDEs) is detonation failure due to pulse-to-pulse interference. To better understand and control such interferences, two novel laser diagnostic techniques, based on absorption spectroscopy, have been developed and then used to demonstrate effective realtime control. The e rst technique utilizes a tunable diode-laser (TDL) sensor to measure H 2O temperature and concentration in the tube tail end at the Naval Postgraduate School’ s (NPS) PDE facility and in the tube head end at Stanford University’ s (SU) PDE facility. This sensor, capable of measuring temperatures from 300 to 1300 K at 3.33 kHz, reveals the temporal history of temperature for multipulse engines. In its application to the NPS facility, the sensor shows a distinct change in temperature proe le when the engine pulserate is changed from 5 Hz, where successful detonations are achieved, to 7 Hz, where interference produces undesirable e ame holding and subsequent dee agrations on some pulses. We observed that the geometry evaluated possessed excess recirculation at the higher pulse rates resulting in e ame holding at or near the point of injection. In its application to the SU PDE, this sensor reveals a temperature proe le characteristic of detonation failure that could be used in future control schemes. The second diagnostic technique developed is used to monitor fuel and is employed in an active, real-time control scheme. For this sensor, we monitor the C 2H4 (ethylene) concentration at the tail end of the NPS PDE initiator tube, which is operating at 20 Hz. When fuel is detected at the tail end, the sensor sends a signal to e re the ignitor. Compared to e xed-timing ignitor actuation, this control promotes more consistent detonation initiation and reduces mise re events. These two new laser diagnostic techniques provide useful tools for studying pulse-to-pulse interference and lay the groundwork for future, more advanced TDL-based PDE control strategies.
Dendritic Cells: Arbiters of Immunity and Immunological Tolerance

Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate immune sensing of the environment to the initiation of adaptive immune responses. Given their supreme capacity to interact with and present antigen to T cells, DCs have been proposed as key mediators of immunological tolerance in the steady state. However, recent evidence suggests that the role of DCs in central and peripheral T-cell tolerance is neither obligate nor dominant. Instead, DCs appear to regulate multiple aspects of T-cell physiology including tonic antigen receptor signaling, priming of effector T-cell response, and the maintenance of regulatory T cells. These diverse contributions of DCs may reflect the significant heterogeneity and "division of labor" observed between and within distinct DC subsets. The emerging complex role of different DC subsets should form the conceptual basis of DC-based therapeutic approaches toward induction of tolerance or immunization.
An exact line search method for solving generalized continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations

We present a Newton-like method for solving algebraic Riccati equations that uses an exact line search to improve the sometimes erratic convergence behavior of Newton's method. It avoids the problem of a disastrously large first step and accelerates convergence when Newton steps are too small or too long. The additional work to perform the line search is small relative to the work needed to calculate the Newton step.
Design of Control System for Mobile Robot Based on DSP Processor

To improve the control system for autonomous mobile contest robot, a high-performance DSP processor is adopted. The system is designed with modular structure to form a flexible platform. Multiple sensors are used for environment detection in order to provide synthetic information. Considering the discrete arrangement of infrared sensor, fuzzy logic control is introduced into the navigating control to implement accurate navigation-line tracking. Singular vision unit is added to acquire higher intelligence in the field. To make the algorithm easy for DSP, a simplified formula is used and good experimental result is acquired in the field. The excellent contest result shows that the system owns good real-time response and robustness.
The Phosphoprotein (P) Binding Site Resides in the N Terminus of the L Polymerase Subunit of Sendai Virus

Sendai virus encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which is composed of the L and P proteins. Site-directed mutagenesis of the N terminus of L has identified amino acids important for binding P. Seven of nine mutants in amino acids 1 to 350 of Sendai L lost the ability to bind to Sendai P, although they were still able to bind the viral C protein. Loss of P binding correlated with the loss of all RNA synthesis activities. Two L mutants gave limited P-L complex formation and limited viral transcription and replication.
C. albicans Colonization of Human Mucosal Surfaces

Background Candida albicans is a low level commensal organism in normal human populations with the continuous potential to expand and cause a spectrum of clinical conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings Using ex vivo human organ cultures and populations of primary human cells, we have developed several related experimental systems to examine early-stage interactions between C. albicans and mucosal surfaces. Experiments have been conducted both with exogenously added C. albicans and with overtly normal human mucosal surfaces supporting pre-existing infections with natural isolates of Candida. Under different culture conditions, we have demonstrated the formation of C. albicans colonies on human target cells and filament formation, equivalent to tissue invasion. Conclusions/Significance These organ culture systems provide a valuable new resource to examine the molecular and cellular basis for Candida colonization of human mucosal surfaces.
Three Case Studies of Large-Scale Data Flows

We survey three examples of large-scale scientific workflows that we are working with at Cornell: the Arecibo sky survey, the CLEO high-energy particle physics experiment, and the Web Lab project for enabling social science studies of the Internet. All three projects face the same general challenges: massive amounts of raw data, expensive processing steps, and the requirement to make raw data or data products available to users nation- or world-wide. However, there are several differences that prevent a one-sizefits- all approach to handling their data flows. Instead, current implementations are heavily tuned by domain and data management experts. We describe the three projects, and we outline research issues and opportunities to integrate Grid technology into these workflows.
γ-MSH, sodium metabolism, and salt-sensitive hypertension

α-, β-, and γ-melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSHs) are melanotropin peptides that are derived from the ACTH/β-endorphin prohormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC). They have been highly conserved thro...
Electron Microscopic Study of the Anterior Midgut in Cenocorixa bifida Hung. (Hemiptera: Corixidae) with Reference to Its Secretory Function

The epithelium of anterior midgut of adult Cenocorixa bifida was examined with light and electron microscopy. The folded epithelium is composed of tall columnar cells extending to the lumen, differentiating dark and light cells with interdigitating apices and regenerative basal cells in the nidi surrounded by villiform ridges that penetrate deeply into the epithelium. The columnar cells display microvilli at their luminal surface. Microvilli lined intercellular spaces and basal plasma membrane infoldings are associated with mitochondria. These ultrastructural features suggest their role in absorption of electrolytes and nutrients from the midgut lumen. The columnar cells contain large oval nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Their cytoplasm is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes and electron-dense secretory granules indicating that they are also engaged in synthesis of digestive enzymes. The presence of secretory granules in close proximity of the apical plasma membrane suggests the release of secretion is by exocytosis. The presence of degenerating cells containing secretory granules at the luminal surface and the occurance of empty vesicles and cell fragments in the lumen are consistent with the holocrine secretion of digestive enzymes. Apical extrusions of columnar cells filled with fine granular material are most likely formed in response to the lack of food in the midgut. The presence of laminated concretions in the cytoplasm is indicative of storageexcretion of surplus minerals. The peritrophic membrane is absent from the midgut of C. bifida.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Is There a Correlation?

Context: The link between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has long been a topic of controversy. There are conflicting reports; some suggest that these two are positively correlated, whereas other studies report no relationship. Evidence Acquisition: We performed a systematic literature review of original studies that investigated the correlation between HT and PTC. The two main search engines used to identify articles were OVID Medline and PubMed. The included studies were categorized into a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) group and an archival thyroidectomy specimen group. Evidence Synthesis: There is no clear evidence to support the correlation between HT and PTC. Population-based FNAB studies report no linkage, whereas many of the studies of thyroidectomy specimens report a positive relationship. The average prevalence rate of PTC in patients with HT was 1.20% in 8 FNA studies of 18 023 specimens and 27.56% in 8 archival thyroidectomy studies of 9 884 specimens. The...
Does market volatility impact presidential approval

Recently, market volatility has been used as an explanatory variable for presidential job approval. Our research builds on such an approach by first extracting the economic and non-economic components of market volatility using the Eta® (c4cast.com, Inc., 750 E. Walnut St., Pasadena, CA 91101) model, which considers 18 economic factors, far more than the unemployment and inflation factors used in most similar studies. Further, our results suggest that it is not aggregated market volatility but rather disaggregated market volatility that has a causal effect on presidential job approval ratings. In addition, the market's expectation of economic and non-economic market volatility exhibits different patterns, in terms of direction and timing, in their relationship to presidential job approval ratings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Representing “Awarishness”: Burlesque, Feminist Transgression, and the 19th-Century Pin-up

Co-winner, 1998 TDR student essay contest. Nineteenth-century actresses--especially as represented photographically--show many parallels to today's feminist identities. These women rejected the binary “wife-whore” as they sought to define in and for popular culture more varied and nuanced sexualroles for women in society.
Uncovering the Circumstances of Performance Information Use Findings from an Experiment

ABSTRACTThe diffusion of quantitative measures of performance has been one of the most widespread trends in government in past decades. This trend is motivated partly by the hope that policymakers will use performance data, but we know little about the basic tendency of individuals to incorporate and use performance information. This article draws from interactive dialogue theory to argue that the connection between data and decisions will not be automatic, but will depend upon circumstances, such as the nature of the data and how they are presented. Because observational studies have limited ability to identify such circumstances, this article argues for an experimental approach that offers greater flexibility in designing theory-based treatments. A vignette experiment methodology approach is used, providing subjects with a variety of budget scenarios, varying the amount and type of information they receive, and asking them to make budget decisions. The results provide evidence that conditions of goal am...
CD4-dependent generation of dominant transplantation tolerance induced by simultaneous perturbation of CD154 and LFA-1 pathways.

CD154 and LFA-1 (CD11a) represent conceptually distinct pathways of receptor/ligand interactions (costimulation and adhesion/homing, respectively) that have been effectively targeted to induce long-term allograft acceptance and tolerance. In the current study, we determined the relative efficacy and nature of tolerance induced by mAbs specific for these pathways. In vitro analysis indicated that simultaneous targeting of CD154 and LFA-1 resulted in profound inhibition of alloreactivity, suggesting that combined anti-CD154/anti-LFA-1 therapy could be highly effective in vivo. Thus, we evaluated combining mAb therapies targeting CD154 and LFA-1 for inducing transplantation tolerance to pancreatic islet allografts. Monotherapy with either anti-CD154 or anti-LFA-1 was partially effective for inducing long-term allograft survival, whereas the combination resulted in uniform allograft acceptance in high-responder C57BL/6 recipients. This combined therapy was not lymphocyte depleting and did not require the long-term deletion of donor-reactive T lymphocytes to maintain allograft survival. Importantly, combined anti-CD154/anti-LFA therapy uniquely resulted in “dominant” transplantation tolerance. Therefore, simultaneous perturbation of CD154 and LFA-1 molecules can result in profound tolerance induction not accomplished through individual monotherapy approaches. Furthermore, results show that such regulatory tolerance can coexist with the presence of robust anti-donor reactivity, suggesting that active tolerance does not require a corresponding deletion of donor-reactive T cells. Interestingly, although the induction of this regulatory state was highly CD4 dependent, the adoptive transfer of tolerance was less CD4 dependent in vivo.
Changes in Appearance in the Presence of Major Stress Events

The relationship between experiencing major stress events (MSEs) and changes in appearance (CAs) was studied in a sample of 128 participants. All participants completed the Major Stress Event and Changes in Appearance Inventory. Results indicated a significant correlation between experiencing MSEs and considered or actual CAs (r = .50 p < .01). Scores on the Changes in Appearance Inventory were significantly higher in groups with moderate to high scores on the Major Stress Event scale. This relationship between MSEs and CAs was affected by age but not gender. These results suggest that stressful life events may prompt body image dissatisfaction and underlie motivations for changes in body appearance to promote self-image. Successive or dramatic appearance changes may be an important signal of stressful experiences.
Between Phenomenology and Psychology

This essay reflects on what it means to bring together the disciplines of Husserlian philosophy and psychology in light of current thinking about interdisciplinarity. Drawing from Allen Repko’s (2012) work on the interdisciplinary research process, aspects highlighted include justifying using an interdisciplinary approach, identifying conflicts between disciplinary insights, creating common ground between concepts, and constructing a more comprehensive understanding. To focus the discussion and provide an example, I use Aron Gurwitsch’s (1964, 1966) work of extending the concepts and theories of Gestalt psychology to phenomenology. Gurwitsch’s writings can be seen as an attempt to first construct common ground for conflicting insights within psychology and within phenomenology, then create common ground for conflicting insights between psychology and phenomenology. Gurwitsch’s work can be taken as a kind of case study or adaptable model of how to find convergence. The ultimate goal is to bring interdisciplinary studies into productive conversation with phenomenological psychology.
The protein nutrition of rice and its status of genetic improvement

Protein in rice grains is the second most abundant storage components just fewer than starch,and is easy to be digested and assimilated by human being and animals,so it is a major food of human being and animals.But the protein content of rice grains and its lysine component are poor for human being,and the proportion of the nutritional components is not on the balance,so it's important to the rice nutritional quality breeding that how we could increase the contents of protein and its lysine component.On the other hand,we can breed low-glutelin rice cultivars through improving germplasm of low glutelin content which specially provide food for the patients with diabetes and nephropathy.In this paper,the progresses of the rice genetic improvement in the high protein content,high lysine component and low-glutelin content were reviewed.
Deep Responsibility for the Deep Future

This article enters into dialogue with Laudato Si’. Part one examines the gap between the social imagination of the future and the long-term climate effects of our actions: the “deep future.” Part ...
Augmentation cystoplasty complicated by postoperative ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection.

AbstractWe report 2 cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection that complicated an otherwise uneventful cystoplasty in 2 girls with myelomeningocele. (J. Urol., 144: 955–956, 1990)
The rapid development of solid organ transplantation in North Carolina.

The first successful solid organ transplant between two individuals occurred in Boston in 1954 involving a living-related kidney transplant between twin brothers. The ensuing three decades were filled with dramatic stories of basic science and clinical research resulting in the successful performance of transplants, mostly with cadaver (brain dead) donors, involving the liver, pancreas, heart, heart-lung, and finally isolated lungs. Despite these successes, the overall survivals were largely measured in months and the procedures were only available in a select few transplant facilities. Clinical transplantation did not become a reliable therapy until the work to develop effective immunosuppressant medications resulted in the release of Cyclosporine in 1982. Thereafter, an explosion of activity occurred, with transplant centers opening at many major academic medical centers across the country. The clinical results achieved led transplantation to become standard therapy for endorgan disease of the organs noted above. At the present time, there are 260 transplant centers in the United States, which encompass a total of 835 individual transplant programs (Table 1).
Intracranial Pressure in Preterm Infants: Effects of Nursing and Parental Care

Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH) is a major cause of both short and long term morbidity and increased mortality in small (<1500 gm) preterm (<34 wks G.A.) infants (Papile et al. 1978). The etiology of PVH-IVH in the preterm remains unclear. The incidence of PVH-IVH is increased in the presence of events that lead to changes in cerebral vascular hemodynamics. The preterm is also vulnerable because of impaired vascular autoregulatory mechanisms and the fragility of the highly vascular periventricular germinal matrix (Brann 1985). Changes in cerebral hemodynamics are reflected in changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) which can be measured non-invasively using a transfontanel pressure monitor (Bada 1983). Various activities, many related to nursing care, are associated with transient or sustained changes in ICP in adults and children (Mitchell 1986), but have not been studied in preterm infants.
Global Trade Regimes

A functioning international economy is a prerequisite for continued economic and social advancement. Still, such an economy may or may not be at its efficient or ‘optimal’ levels of operation. A mere functioning economy is one of several conditions necessary for a sustainable economy and sustainable development (SD); such a functioning economy cannot lead to a sufficiency requirement for SD. A constellation of economic institutions and operations which are oriented toward these goals at the global, regional, national and local levels are necessary in order to put SD in place. International trade and finance are the two foremost significant aspects of the international economic linkages. Whether or not deeper economic integration is important for the international economy is not the main issue. Rather, it should be seen as a derivative of the objective of global welfare maximization: enhancement of the wealth and welfare of the current and future generations. The role of trade in this context remains important. In order that trade remains sustainable, the imperatives of sustainable development must be incorporated for sustainable trade regimes and policies. This holds well in the context of the popular attempts toward trade liberalization. The congruity as well as conflict in free trade and environmental protection need to be elucidated.
Survey of barriers to breast cancer screening among Navajo Nation women

A107 Background: Very little is known about factors influencing prevention and treatment decisions of breast cancer in Navajo women. The Navajo Nation Breast and Cervical Cancer Program (NNBCCP) has received funding from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1996. Although cancer screening is increasing, the staff is seeking new strategies for reaching those women who have never been screened for breast cancer or are screened insufficiently. Methods: A survey was developed to measure logistical and personal barriers to breast cancer screening. The questionnaire was developed in collaboration with Program staff and university researchers using focus groups and pilot testing. The revised survey was then completed by a random sample of women who were registered in the Indian Health Service system for the Chinle service area. Participants were 200 Navajo women (40-64 years of age) who were randomly selected from women who were identified as ‘Never screened’ or ‘Rarely screened’ (>5 years since last mammogram) for breast cancer. Interviews were conducted by NNBCCPP staff in fall 2006. Approvals from the University of Arizona Human Subject’s protection program as well as from the Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board and the Chinle agency council were obtained prior to initiation of the study. Results: These Navajo women identified many barriers to cancer screening with transportation barriers most frequently reported, as well as not having time to be screened and fear of screening results. Breast cancer knowledge was fairly high, although ‘Rarely Screened’ women had more knowledge than ‘Never Screened’ women. Women showed interest in learning more and 81% preferred receiving cancer education at an Indian Health Service clinic. Over 76% of women had examined their breasts for lumps, but only 58% thought that mammograms could detect breast cancer and that cancer could be cured (32%). Conclusion: Navajo women who had no history or only a past history of receiving mammography identified many screening barriers, with ‘Never Screened’ women identifying more barriers than ‘Rarely Screened’ women. More outreach is needed, particularly about breast cancer and the need for regular screenings. This information will help NNBCCP Program develop new strategies for increasing appropriate cancer screening.
Measuring Soil and Tissue Potassium with a Portable Ion-Specific Electrode in Cotton

ABSTRACTMost laboratories make potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations based on field research calibrated with soil K from atomic absorption spectroscopy, flame emission spectroscopy, or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Information is needed to interpret readings from K+ meters on cotton. The objective was to compare soil and cotton plant sap potassium content from a Laqua Twin™ K+ meter to results from standard tests. Aluminum sulfate solution was used with the meter to extract K from 10 soil samples from the North America Proficiency Testing program. A linear relationship (R2 = 0.86) was found between K measured with a K+ meter and K measured with 138 labs using ammonium acetate or Mehlich-3. Using a factor of 1.4754 to adjust readings, fertilizer recommendations with the K+ meter were similar to results from atomic absorption spectroscopy. A linear relationship was found between petiole K measured in the lab and petiole sap measured with the K+ meter.
Ultra-wideband: Very simple printed antennas with Windows in K, Ka and Q bands

New shape designs monopole antennas are investigated for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications in the K, Ka and Q bands (S 11 < −10dB). Reference antennas were studied before. The antennas size is about (40mm×40mm). Different shapes holes printed to the reference antennas are examined. This antennas are: simple square and circular used as references one and these reference with holes with different shapes and dimensions similar to fractal design. Simulated reflection coefficient curves are provided along with beam pattern and gain for 9 antennas between squared and circular ones. Simulations have been carried out by two softwares: the IE3D from Zeeland and ADS2008 from Agilent.
Tropical Cyclone Multiscale Wind Features from Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar

This study presents multi-scale wind features observed in space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in tropical cyclones. Examples of eyewall mesovotices, spiral rainbands, fine-scale-band features, arc clouds, and boundary layer rolls are documented. Although these wind features are strongly tied to tropical cyclone dynamics and intensity based on previous numerical studies, they are not well-observed due to high rainfall and cloudiness that limits remote sensing instrument and severe environment for in-situ observations to survive. Since SAR images view the actual ocean surface responses to the storm-forced winds, they provide clear evidence for the presence of these wind features below clouds and their interaction with the sea surface. Analyses of the characteristics of boundary layer rolls based on SAR images show good agreement with in-situ aircraft observations, suggesting that a SAR image has a great potential to be utilized to study tropical cyclone low-level structure.
Measuring HIV-related stigma among healthcare providers: a systematic review

In the United States, HIV-related stigma in the healthcare setting is known to affect the utilization of prevention and treatment services. Multiple HIV/AIDS stigma scales have been developed to assess the attitudes and behaviors of the general population in the U.S. towards people living with HIV/AIDS, but fewer scales have been developed to assess HIV-related stigma among healthcare providers. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the measurement tools used to assess HIV stigma among healthcare providers in the U.S. The five studies selected quantitatively assessed the perceived HIV stigma among healthcare providers from the patient or provider perspective, included HIV stigma as a primary outcome, and were conducted in the U.S. These five studies used adapted forms of four HIV stigma scales. No standardized measure was identified. Assessment of HIV stigma among providers is valuable to better understand how this phenomenon may impact health outcomes and to inform interventions aiming to improve healthcare delivery and utilization.