cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interrelationship between cardiac output and vascular resistance as determinants of effective arterial blood volume in cirrhotic patients.

Interrelationship between cardiac output and vascular resistance as determinants of effective arterial blood volume in cirrhotic patients. The effect of head-out water immersion (HWI) in decompensated cirrhotic patients to correct sodium and water excretion has been found to be incomplete and variable. The explanation may be that the efficacy of HWI in correcting a decreased effective arterial blood volume (EABV) in decompensated cirrhotic patients is limited by an accompanying decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and thus a relative increase in arterial vascular holding capacity. The present studies were undertaken to examine this possibility by maintaining SVR (dynes · sec · cm −5 ) nearly constant during HWI with an exogenous infusion of norepinephrine (HWI + NE). In six decompensated cirrhotic patients, neither HWI nor NE infusion alone significantly increased sodium excretion (U Na V, 13 vs. 19 and 13 µEq/min, respectively), but each maneuver increased the excretion of a 20 ml/kg water load (28 to 60 and 61%, respectively, both P Na V to 70 µEq/min (P 2 , P −5 , P 2 , P −5 , P
Fine structure of the stellate cell in the pars distalis of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis

The stellate cell in the pars distalis of Anolis carolinensis has been studied with the electron microscope. This cell type is characterized by the lack of secretory granules, and it possesses elongate processes that insert between secretory cells. Few cytoplasmic filaments are present in these processes, and desmosomes linking them to adjacent stellate cells or to secretory cells are seen infrequently in control animals. Stellate cells are often encountered in the caudal half of the pars distalis, but they are less commonly found in the rostral half. In animals undergoing thyroidal depression, thyroidectomy cells arise in the caudal pars distalis. Concurrently, stellate cells of that region hypertrophy and exhibit increased numbers of desmosomes, complex intercellular junctions, and micropinocytotic vesicles. Injected horseradish peroxidase penetrates the intercellular spaces, enters the micropinocytotic vesicles, and is transported to the interior of the stellate cell. It is suggested that stellate cells in Anolis under certain conditions may transport materials between the bloodstream and secretory cells.
Crossed Lines in the Racialization Process: Race as a Border Concept

Abstract The phenomenological approach to racialization needs to be supplemented by a hermeneutics that examines the history of the various categories in terms of which people see and have seen race. An investigation of this kind suggests that instead of the rigid essentialism that is normally associated with the history of racism, race predominantly operates as a border concept, that is to say, a dynamic fluid concept whose core lies not at the center but at its edges. I illustrate this by an examination of the history of the distinctions between the races as it is revealed in legal, scientific, and philosophical sources. I focus especially on racial distinctions in the United States and on the way that the impact of miscegenation was negotiated leading to the so-called one-drop rule.
Comparison of the economics of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of newsprint

In order to compare the process economics of making glucose from cellulose, a plant design is presented using acid hydrolysis which can be compared with a published design using enzyme hydrolysis. A common design basis is used; namely, an input capacity of 885 ton/day newsprint with a common technique of cost estimation. The cost of making glucose is in the range of 1.75 to 2.45 cents/lb, depending on the slurry concentration fed to the reactor for the acid hydrolysis. This cost range is less than the published estimate of 5.2 cents/lb for enzymatic hydrolysis.
The vectorcardiogram in anterior myocardial infarction. III

Abstract 1. 1. The planar vectorcardiograms obtained from thirty-five patients with anteroseptal and/or localized mid-anterior myocardial infarction were described and measurements of the QRS and T loops were made. 2. 2. Anterior wall infarction results in a new orientation of the initial and early vectors of the QRSsE loop in a posterior and inferior direction. This new orientation produces characteristic abnormalities which are clearly evident in the horizontal planar projection. 3. 3. Although the general morphology and measurement of the sagittal and frontal planar projections suggest left ventricular hypertrophy, the irregularities of contour in the early part of the loop corresponding to those mentioned in (2) make possible the differentiation between left ventricular hypertrophy and anterior myocardial infarction. In addition, these several features permit the combined diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy and anterior myocardial infarction to be made. 4. 4. Diagnostic features in the horizontal plane loops were present in all but three of thirty-five cases. However, the frontal plane loops in the exceptions disclosed abnormally large initial vectors diagnostic of localized infarction high on the anteroseptal or anterior wall. 5. 5. The S-T junction (J) is always oriented to the right and, usually, anteriorly. The TsE loop is oriented to the extreme right, slightly anteriorly, and inferiorly; and is often inscribed in a direction opposite to the QRSsE loop.
High-affinity uptake of an ammonium analogue by two marine microflagellates from the oligotrophic Pacific

Two marine microflagellates, isolated from the North Pacific Central Gyre, and tentatively identified as Platymonas sp. and Mantoniella sp., were examined for uptake of 14C-methylamine, a non-metabolizable analogue of ammonium. Half-saturation constants (Km) for ammonium transport, estimated from competitive inhibition of methylamine transport by ammonium, were 50 nM for Platymonas sp. and 2.9 nM for Mantoniella sp. These values are the lowest so far reported, indicating that the transport systems are well adapted to extremely low ammonium environments. The ratio of the Km for methylamine to the Km for ammonium was 17 for Platymonas sp. and 41 for Mantoniella sp. The observed ratios fell within the relatively narrow range reported for various organisms, including bacteria, fungi and phytoplankton (25.0±15.5, \(\bar x\)± SD, n=9), although the reported Kmvalues for both ammonium and methylamine vary over a thousand-fold range. The use of 14C-methylamine may therefore be a promising technique for studying the kinetics of ammonium transport by marine microorganisms, particularly those in oligotrophic environments.
Development of the chorioallantoic placenta in Octodon degus—a model for growth processes in caviomorph rodents?

The degu Octodon degus is one of the very few members of caviomorph or hystricognath Rodentia that possesses a simply arranged chorioallantoic placenta without advanced lobulation. Therefore this species was used as a model to study regional development and growth processes of the placenta, based on the examination of 20 individuals by light and electron microscopy as well as by using markers for proliferation, trophoblast and endometrial stroma. The results were interpreted by comparison with other hystricognaths in the light of their evolutionary history. It was found that trophoblast derived from the trophospongium is essential for extension of the placenta including the labyrinth: extensive proliferation is restricted to trophoblast cells at the outer margin of the placenta and along internally directed, finger-tip like protrusions of fetal mesenchyme towards the labyrinth. This kind of placental development is regarded as part of the stem species pattern of hystricognaths, evolved more than 40 million years ago. It is indicated for the first time that the replenishment of the syncytiotrophoblast is similar to corresponding processes in the human placenta. In conclusion, the degu is a useful model for placental growth dynamics, particularly because of its simply arranged placental architecture, and may also serve as an animal model in comparison to human pregnancies.
Post-classification version of Jordan's theorem on finite linear groups.

Abstract Using classification of finite simple groups, I show that a finite subgroup G of GLn(C), where C = the complex numbers, contains a commutative normal subgroup M of index at most (n + 1)!nalogn+b. Moreover, if G is primitive and does not contain normal subgroups that are direct products of large alternating groups, then the factor (n + 1)! can be dropped. I further show that similar statements hold also in characteristics p ≥ 2, if one takes M to be an extension of a group of Lie type of characteristic p by a solvable group that has a normal p-subgroup with commutative p′-quotient. These results improve the celebrated theorems of Jordan and of Brauer and Feit.
Restoration of spermatogenesis by exogenously administered testosterone in rats made azoospermic by hypophysectomy or withdrawal of luteinizing hormone alone.

The major objective of the studies presented herein was to compare the extent to which exogenously administered testosterone is able to restore spermatogenesis in adult rats made azoospermic by withdrawal of all pituitary hormones (hypophysectomy for 4 weeks) vs. withdrawal of LH alone [testosterone- and estradiol-fllled (TE) polydimethylsiloxane implants of 2.5 and 0.1 cm, respectively, for 8 weeks]. In hypophysectornized (Hypox) rats, serum LH and FSH were both undetectable; in the rats that received TE implants, serum LH was undetectable, but FSH was unaffected compared to control values. Seminiferous tubule fluid testosterone concentrations were reduced significantly from their control values of 60-65 to 1.4-1.7 ng/ml in the azoospermic Hypox and TE rats. These rats then received testosterone-filled implants of 4, 12, 18, or 24 cm and were killed 2 months later. In both the Hypox and TE rats, seminiferous tubule fluid testosterone concentrations rose linearly with increasing capsule sizes, and with ea...
Implementation of Evidence-Based Literacy Practices in Middle School Response to Intervention: An Observation Study

The authors report findings from a systematic observational study of middle school educators (Grades 6–8) in two states who provided reading interventions within Tier 2 and Tier 3 of a Response to Intervention (RTI) framework. Intervention sessions were coded and analyzed to understand (a) the frequency and type of evidence-based strategies implemented for students with learning disabilities and reading difficulties, and (b) whether observed practices within secondary and tertiary intervention settings align with researcher recommendations regarding middle school reading instruction based on extant research. The findings indicated that more than 12% of time was devoted to logistical and non-academic activities, and evidence-based interventions including explicit instruction, cognitive strategy instruction, content enhancements, and independent practice opportunities were reported infrequently, although instructional differences across sites were demonstrated. Encouraging findings include evidence of peer-...
The Work Function of Copper

The work functions and aging characteristics of fourteen copper surfaces have been determined by measurement of their contact differences of potential with respect to barium reference surfaces of known work function. Measurement was by the retarding potential method in tubes sealed from the pumps and gettered with vaporized barium. The copper surfaces were prepared by subjecting Hilger's "spectroscopic standard" copper to forty vacuum fusions followed by fractional distillation, redistillation of the fractions, and condensation of the vapor on glass. The barium films were prepared by a similar, standardized technique which yields surfaces reproducible and constant to 0.01 ev or better. The time interval between the deposition and initial measurement of the metal films was of the order of ten seconds, obtained conveniently with a tube in which the target is returned to the measuring position automatically after deposition of a metal film upon it.The copper surfaces, formed from successive fractions of the distillate, showed marked variability of the initial work function and marked drift toward lower work function in films 1-4, progressive improvement in films 5-8 and, finally, good reproducibility and negligible drift in films 9-14 inclusive. The range of variation in films 1-8 coincides almost exactly with the range of divergent values reported in the literature. Copper evidently retains dissolved gases, in free or combined form, with extraordinary tenacity and these contaminants, evaporated with the copper and reabsorbed by the condensing film, appear to be responsible for the variations observed in films 1-8. The work function value given by films 9-14 is 4.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 ev, and this value is to be taken as representative of the present work.
All-optical switching using optical bistability in nonlinear photonic crystals

We demonstrate optical bistability in a class of non-linear photonic crystal devices, through the use of detailed numerical experiments, and analytical theory. Our devices are shorter than the wavelength of light in length, they can operate with only a few mW of power, and can be faster than 1ps.
Carboxylmethylation affects the proteolysis of myelin basic protein by Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase.

Bovine myelin basic protein (MBP), charge isoform 1 (C1) was carboxylmethylated by the enzyme d -aspartyl/ l -isoaspartyl protein methyltransferase (EC. 2.1.1.77) and the carboxylmethylated protein was subjected to proteolysis by sequencing grade staphylococcal V 8 proteinase at pH 4.0 to identify its carboxylmethylated modified aspartate and/or asparagine residues which are recognized by this methyltransferase. Native MBP, C1 was treated similarly and the proteolysis products were compared, using electrophoretic, chromatographic and amino acid sequencing techniques. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed differences in the kinetics of proteolysis between the native and the carboxylmethylated MBP, C1 which were confirmed using HPLC. Partial sequencing of the native and carboxylmethylated fragments eluting at about 29 min (P 29 ) revealed cleavage of native MBP, C1 at Gly-127-Gly-128 and of the carboxylmethylated MBP, C1 at Phe-124-Gly-125. Additional evidence including tryptic subdigestion of carboxylmethylated P 29 disclosed the following partial sequence for this peptide: Gly-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Ser-Ala-His-Lys-Gly-Leu-Lys-Gly-His-Asp-Ala-Gln-Gly-Thr-Leu-Ser-Lys-Ileu-Phe-Lys-. This sequence matches MBP residues 125–154. As a result of these findings, Asp-132 and Asp-144 were identified as two of the modified (isomerized or racemized) methyl-accepting l -aspartates in MBP. The results of the proteolysis experiments wherein the sequencing grade staphylococcal V 8 proteinase was used at the rarely tested pH of 4.0, rather than at its commonly tested pH of 7.8, also disclose that the proteinase totally failed to recognize and hence cleave the two Glu-X bonds (Glu-82-Asn-83 and Glu-118-Gly-119) of MBP, preferring to cleave the protein at a number of hitherto unreported sites.
The role of modern control theory in the design of controls for aircraft turbine engines

ONTROL systems for early aircraft turbine engines performed a rather simple task: metering the fuel to the combustor at the proper fuel-to-air ratio for both transient and steady-state operating conditions. More recently, however, things have changed significantly. To achieve higher thrust-to-weight ratios and to improve specific fuel consumption, many additional manipulated engine inputs have been added. Figure 1 shows the trend in complexity in terms of the number of controlled engine variables. Noted are a number of operational engines that have been put into service. Typical of the added engine manipulated inputs are afterburner fuel flow, variable compressor-inlet guide vanes, variable compressor stators, and variable exhaust-nozzle area. The task of designing a control algorithm for an engine having a number of inputs and outputs now becomes a formidable problem. Traditional single-input/single-output techniques can be used, but are often inadequate and require many judgmental interactions to get even close to a suitable engine control law. The designer would really like a direct, straightforward method for handling the multivariable problem. This procedure should be able to eliminate unwanted interactions between the different variables, while bringing into play those interactions that are favorable. Faced with these needs, in the early 1970s the engine control community began to investigate what new design methodologies were available. As a result, a number of researchers began to apply to the engine control design problem tools from the evolving methodology generally termed " modern control theory" (MCT). This paper reviews what has been accomplished in applying MCT to the aircraft turbine engine control design problem over the last 10 or so years and what work yet remains to be done. This review is organized as follows: first is a brief discussion of the evolution of control design methodology, followed by a description of the problems that must be faced in applying MCT to the engine control design task. The past accomplishments in applying MCT to engine control is the subject of the third and most detailed section. The paper concludes with a discussion of the future requirements for advanced engine control design. Evolution of Control Design Methodology In the early 1960s, control theoreticians began to use linear state-space methods to design closed-loop controls for large complex physical systems. At the same time, computers that could easily solve the numerical problems associated with large linear system problems were rapidly evolving and becoming readily accessible. Thus began the era of "modern control theory." This terminology was used to differentiate the new methods from the traditional linear system, single
New fabrication techniques of SU-8 fiber holder with cantilever-type elastic microclips by inclined UV lithography in water using single Mylar mask

In contact UV lithography, a pair of cantilever beams fabricated by two inclined exposures at ±45° in SU-8 using a single mask will form a connected end on the top of SU-8 layer. These beams made of SU-8 with fixed-end have been used as optical fiber holders (Ling and Lian in Microsyst Technol 13(3–4):245–251, 2007). Recently, a two-mask, two-step process to fabricate free-end cantilever beams from SU-8 using inclined UV lithography has been developed (Ling et al. in Microsyst Technol 15(3):429–435, 2009), which has been successfully applied to fabricate SU-8 optical fiber holders with long free-end cantilever beams. In this process, two masks are needed in order to obtain free-end beams and the alignment between two exposures is always time consuming with limited accuracy. Two new techniques, inclined UV shadow mask lithography and inclined UV proximity lithography, have been illustrated here for fabricating free-end SU-8 cantilever beams, which eliminate the precise alignment step required in our previous work (Ling et al. in Microsyst Technol 15(3):429–435, 2009). In the inclined UV shadow mask lithography approach, the SU-8 cantilever beams without connected ends are formed by using one main mask and two shadow masks. Each shadow mask is used to selectively transfer one of the two separated patterns on main mask into SU-8 layer at +45° and −45°, respectively. In the inclined UV proximity lithography approach, a proper proximity gap between mask and SU-8 surface is obtained by using a 50 μm thick Mylar sheet, so that the exposing light paths that formed connected beam ends will fall inside the proximity layer instead of the SU-8. In this way, the desired open-end cantilever structures can be achieved. In this paper, the principles and the fabrication procedures of the proposed techniques are demonstrated and the preliminary results are discussed.
The True False Negative Rates of Esophageal and Endobronchial Ultrasound in the Staging of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Accurate false negative rates for endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and esophageal ultrasound (EUS) for mediastinal (N2) lymph nodes are unknown. Methods A retrospective review of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underwent integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) and CT scan. All suspicious N2 lymph nodes were biopsied before thoracotomy. The EBUS was performed for suspicious nodes in stations 2R, 4R, 4L, 5, and 7; the EUS was performed for 4L, 4R, 5, 7, 8, and 9. Mediastinoscopy was performed in selected patients if they were negative by EUS/EBUS; if N2 negative, all patients underwent thoracotomy with complete thoracic lymphadenectomy. Results There were 425 patients over a 2-year period, and 234 had suspected N2 disease. Of these patients, 72 had an EBUS; 16 were positive for N2 disease and 12 were false negative (7 patients at station 4R/4L, 4 patients at station 7; patient sensitivity 57%, negative predictive value 79%, accuracy 83%). Seventy-nine patients had EUS; 20 patients were positive for N2 disease and 12 were false negative (4 patients at station 4R/4L, 4 patients at station 7; patient sensitivity 63%, negative predictive value 80%, accuracy 85%). One hundred and forty-six patients had mediastinoscopy, which revealed N2 or N3 disease in 42 patients, and 7 were false negative (patient sensitivity 88%, negative predictive value 93%, accuracy 95%). Conclusions Both EBUS and EUS are useful initial tests to biopsy suspicious N2 mediastinal lymph nodes; however, as EBUS and EUS have high false negative rates, especially at stations 4R and 7, mediastinoscopy is still required for patients with suspicious nodal disease in these stations.
Derived and modified nouns in French slang

Abstract The Lexical Hypothesis of Chomsky 1970 as extended by Jackendoff 1975 seems to apply to all classic cases of derived nominals in Standard French. In French slang, the Hypothesis may be adapted to cases where truncation, with or without affixation, arbitrarily occurs in a lexical item other than at stem boundaries, by means of a morphological via rule (MV rule). When semantic properties of determiners are taken into account, use of the X Bar Convention makes the role of derived nominals more transparent. The French slang possessive contruction is syntactically innovative and resembles certain non-standard versions of other languages.
On ‘Credo 2004’ as Viewed Under the ‘Development-Context’ Model of Colin Anderson

In analysing the Zinkernagel and Hengartner's 'Credo 2004,' Anderson introduces his 'development-context model' for the immunity-tolerance discrimination. He compares this model with the 'geographical model of Credo 2004' and our 'time-based two-signal model'. The discussion here deals with the advantages and limitations of the Anderson model considered largely at the level of principle. A meaningful discussion requires that we agree on the principle which separates the pathway of the effector output into two decision steps, the sorting of the repertoire and the regulation of effector class. The mechanism for the sorting of the repertoire is what might be referred to as the Self-Nonself discrimination. The black box approach, antigen-in, effector response-out, is what is referred to as the immunity-tolerance discrimination which includes the sorting of the repertoire. If this point of principle is accepted then we are left with a 'time-based two signal default model'.
Magnetomotive optical coherence elastography using magnetic particles to induce mechanical waves

Magnetic particles are versatile imaging agents that have found wide spread applicability in diagnostic, therapeutic, and rheology applications. In this study, we demonstrate that mechanical waves generated by a localized inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles can be used for assessment of the tissue viscoelastic properties using magnetomotive optical coherence elastography. We show these capabilities in tissue mimicking elastic and viscoelastic phantoms and in biological tissues by measuring the shear wave speed under magnetomotive excitation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the extraction of the complex shear modulus by measuring the shear wave speed at different frequencies and fitting to a Kelvin-Voigt model.
Exact theory of secondary supercritical solutions for steady surface waves over a bump

Abstract Two-dimensional steady surface waves on an ideal fluid over a small and symmetric bump are studied when the Froude number F of the uniform flow far upstream is greater than unity. Recent numerical results for a symmetric bump indicate that corresponding to F > 1 there may exist two solutions for the problem. One approaches the uniform flow and the other a solitary wave, as the bump size goes to zero. In this paper we use a two-parameter asymptotic expansion to derive an explicit approximate expression for the later solution and show that the expansion is indeed an asymptotic approximation to the solution of the exact nonlinear equations.
Continuous Disreefing Method for Parachute Opening

Although round parachutes have been used for airdrop for over 60 years, damage to canopy fabric and suspension lines still occurs during parachute opening due to the rapid canopy opening and the associated high opening force. Continuous disreefing of round parachutes to slow down the opening and decrease the peak opening force has been discussed in the literature, but no viable continuous disreefing method has ever been developed. In this paper, we present a practical, effective, and low-cost continuous disreefing method that does not use any external electrical or power source, only the opening force and the weight of the payload. The method was successfully demonstrated in a full-scale test from an aircraft using a 10.7-m (35-ft) diameter round parachute. The kinetic energy of the payload at parachute deployment of that test was 11 times higher than that of the standard deployment that the parachute is designed for. In spite of the severe deployment condition, no damage to the parachute was observed after ground impact.
Conversion of uniform broadleaved stands to an uneven-aged structure

The conversion of an even-aged (single tiered canopy) stand to a multi-tiered (uneven-aged) structure can be accomplished by vertically partitioning growing space among canopy layers. A successful example of this methodology was accomplished in an upland oak stand in the Ozark Highlands of Missouri, USA. The conversion process on the study area was initiated in 1961 and completed with the establishment of a third cohort resulting from a harvest in 2000. The prescription calls for allocating growing space among three canopy tiers (overstory, midstory, and understory) at a ratio of 3:2:1 based on regional stocking charts. This distribution ensures full site utilization and maintains approximately 60% of stand basal area in the sawtimber size classes while reserving sufficient growing space for the recruitment of new cohorts as needed. Further, the conversion prescription facilitates transition of the stand into a maintenance phase of management following completion of stand conversion; the 3:2:1 ratio equates to a negative-exponential diameter distribution defined by a q-value of 1.7 (for 5 cm diameter classes). During conversion, however, a q-value based target diameter distribution should never be used to determine the cut. Rather, each cohort is treated as a separate even-aged entity where proper spacing, species, and stem form are the factors determining removal.
Adenine Nucleotide Analogues Locked in a Northern Methanocarba Conformation: Enhanced Stability and Potency as P2Y1 Receptor Agonists

Preference for the Northern (N) ring conformation of the ribose moiety of nucleotide 5‘-triphosphate agonists at P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, and P2Y11 receptors, but not P2Y6 receptors, was established using a ring-constrained methanocarba (a 3.1.0-bicyclohexane) ring as a ribose substitute (Kim et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 208−218.). We have now combined the ring-constrained (N)-methanocarba modification of adenine nucleotides with other functionalities known to enhance potency at P2 receptors. The potency of the newly synthesized analogues was determined in the stimulation of phospholipase C through activation of turkey erythrocyte P2Y1 or human P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors stably expressed in astrocytoma cells. An (N)-methanocarba-2-methylthio-ADP analogue displayed an EC50 at the hP2Y1 receptor of 0.40 nM and was 55-fold more potent than the corresponding triphosphate and 16-fold more potent than the riboside 5‘-diphosphate. 2-Cl−(N)-methanocarba-ATP and its N6-Me analogue were also highly selective, full agonists...
Free tissue reconstruction of traumatic soft-tissue defects

Soft tissue trauma to the head and neck is most often managed by local tissue debridement and rearrangement. In rare instances it may require free tissue transfer to bring composite tissue into the field. In cases of massive composite tissue loss, a free tissue transfer may be the only method of reconstructing the patient. Traumatic injuries to the head and neck can be one of those instances that requires major tissue rearrangement. The loss of vital structures results in severe malfunction of speech and deglutition with cosmetic sequelae. This article demonstrates the utility of free tissue transfer in the reconstruction of massive composite defects in the head and neck following trauma.
Autonomic correlates of sensation seeking and monoamine oxidase activity: using confirmatory factor analysis on psychophysiological data.

A negative relationship between platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and Sensation Seeking (SS) has been reported in several studies. This study evaluates the possible contribution of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity to this relationship. Additionally, confirmatory factor analysis was used to create models of ANS concepts from a larger number of psychophysiological variables. Skin conductance (SC) and heart rate (HR) were recorded from 46 men and 49 women during a two-session protocol that included rest periods, a balloon stress, a series of tones, and two tasks: two-flash threshold and tachistoscopic recognition. Results showed that the best-fitting models for both rest and task periods included concepts of SC base levels (“arousal”), SC lability, and HR, and were quite similar for men and women. MAO activity correlated positively with SC concepts, most strongly for women. Women showed negative relationships between sensation seeking and both SC arousal and HR concepts. In contrast, men showed evidence of positive relationships between SC concepts and an active life style. The sex differences and response specificity in these relationships make it unlikely that ANS activity mediates the negative MAO-SS relationship.
Electric time-domain reflectometry sensor for online flow sensing in liquid composite molding processing

This paper describes the development of a new sensor type for resin flow detection in liquid composite molding (LCM) processing. The sensor can be applied in any LCM process where lineal and high-resolution flow front detection is required, i.e. during prototyping or as a feedback sensor during flow front control. The operating principle of the embedded sensor is based on electrical time domain reflectometry (E-TDR). The system analyzes changes in the transmission line response during wet-out of the preform. The flat band transmission line, which is interrogated by E-TDR changes its dielectric properties when the resin is on or near the sensor resulting in reflection of the electrical signal. The signal is evaluated in the time-domain by mapping the areas of resin on the sensor. The study illustrates an analytical model to predict the TDR response for different resin systems, validates the accuracy and resolution of the system in a lab-scale set-up and implements the sensor in several different injection scenarios.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (Ab R ) OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE (Hi). 1971–76

The prevalence, basis and epidemiology of AbR in the 283 Hi causing essentially all Hi disease at CHMC has been studied. AbR by year, no. of strains and patterns of resistance to 10 Ab were: 1971-1972. 81, 0: 1973. 42, 2 AmpR: 1974, 50, 0: 1975, 87, 13 AmpR. 1 AmpTcR, 2 TcR, 1 TcCmR; 1976-77, 21 AmpR, 2 TcR. Patients with AbR and AbS Hi did not differ significantly in prior antibiotic exposure, type of disease, or clinical course. The incidence of AbR was greater among non-typeable than type b Hi. Amp and CmR were mediated by Ab-inacting enzymes. Plasmids capable of conjugal transfer to Hi in vitro mediated AmpR in 34 of 36 resistant Hi and all AmpTcR, TcR and TcCmR. Arsenite resistance (ArsR) was found in 60% of Hi independent of year of isolation or AbR. It was mediated by a previous unrecognized, conjugally fertile plasmid(s). Genes mediating AbR in 90% of resistant Hi were associated with an ArsR plasmid. Plasmids differed widely in the kinetics of conjugal transfer. Properties, i.e., amount of capsule, of donor and recipient Hi also affected plasmid transfer. These data provide important insights into the present and future of AbR in Hi: it involves more Ab than previously recognized and is mediated by genes which apparently have only recently become associated with native, occult Hi plasmids. The genetics of Hi and its plasmids appears to hold the key to the natural prevalence and patterns of AbR.
Application of CAPRI to the ASIS file management exercise

The CAPRI file management system was designed to handle document references as well as more regular data such as that found in administrative or fact files. The ASIS file problem exercised several significant features of this system, including a powerful input processor, definition control, and its file maintenance and retrieval-output modules.
Hyperscaling inequalities for percolation

A set of critical exponent inequalities for independent percolation which saturate under the hyperscaling hypothesis is proved. One of the consequences of the inequalities is the lower bounddC≧6 for the upper critical dimension. The proof is based on a rigorous version of the finite size scaling argument which extends easily to other systems such as Ising ferromagnets.
Turbulent Flow through Idealized Emergent Vegetation

This paper presents results of several large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulent flow in an open channel through staggered arrays of rigid, emergent cylinders, which can be regarded as idealized vegetation. In this study, two cylinder Reynolds numbers, RD=1,340 and RD=500, and three vegetation densities are considered. The LES of the lowest density and at RD=1,340 corresponds to a recently completed laboratory experiment, the data of which is used to validate the simulations. Fairly good agreement between calculated and measured first- and second-order statistics along measurement profiles is found, confirming the accuracy of the simulations. The high resolution of the simulations enables an explicit calculation of drag forces, decomposed into pressure and friction drag, that are exerted on the cylinders. The effect of the cylinder Reynolds number and the cylinder density on the drag and hence on the flow resistance is quantified and in agreement with previous experimental studies. Turbulence structures are visualized through instantaneous pressure fluctuations, isosurfaces of the Q-criterion and contours of vertical vorticity in horizontal planes. Analysis of velocity time signals and distributions of drag and lift forces over time reveals that flow and turbulence are more influenced by the vegetation density than by the cylinder Reynolds number.
High performance reversed phase chromatography of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters of human plasma lipoproteins

Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were separated according to their carbon number and number of double bonds by high performance reversed-phase chromatography (HPRC) using acetonitrile/chloroform/methanol (1∶1∶1, v/v) as a mobile phase. It was found that within the same equivalent carbon number (ECN) category, cholesterol esters with the highest number of double bonds eluted ahead of those with a lower number of double bonds, and with thecis isomers eluting ahead of theirtrans partners. Thus, cholesteryl oleate (C27-18∶1c) elutes ahead of cholesteryl palmitate (C27-16∶0) and ahead of cholesteryl elaidate (C27-18∶1t). Human lipoprotein, as well as rat liver cholesteryl esters, were separated using this technique.
Thermogravimetric analysis of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with Fourier transform infrared analysis of the pyrolysis products

Abstract Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAc) copolymers were examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The method permitted rapid and reproducible determination of the vinyl acetate content of the copolymer. The weight loss profile for low density polyethylene, i.e., ethylene-vinyl acetate with a 0% vinyl acetate content, showed a single-step decomposition from 460 to 560°C that accounts for 100% of the observed weight loss of the sample. The heating of ethylene-vinyl acetate with vinyl acetate contents from 9 to 40% resulted in a two-step decomposition in the ranges 360–450°C and 450–550°C. A TGA-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) coupled system permitted the identification of the pyrolytic products in the effluent gas as acetic acid for the first-step product, and a mixture of 1-butene, carbon dioxide, ethylene, methane, and carbon monoxide.
A phase I trial of SJG-136 (NSC#694501) in advanced solid tumors

SJG-136 is a pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimer that forms DNA crosslinks and has demonstrated broad antitumor activity. We undertook this trial to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of SJG-136 in patients with an advanced solid tumor. In this phase I study, patients were treated with SJG-136 on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Dose levels studied were 10, 20, 40 and 60 μg/m2. PK parameters of SJG-136 were assessed following the intravenous administration of SJG-136 on days 1 and 15 of cycle 1. Twenty-one patients with advanced solid tumors were treated. Patients had a median of two prior chemotherapy regimens. Fatigue was dose-limiting with SJG-136 60 μg/m2/day administered on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia and delayed onset liver toxicity were seen in one patient each. PK parameters of SJG-136 indicated dose-proportional increases in systemic exposure with increasing doses. No objective responses were seen. For patients with advanced solid tumors, the MTD of SJG-136 is 40 μg/m2/day administered on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The major dose limiting toxicity was fatigue. Alternative dosing strategies are now being evaluated.
Adequacy, inequality, and cash for grades:

Some political philosophers have recently argued that providing K–12 students with an adequate education suffices for social justice in education provided that the threshold of educational adequacy...
Effects of estrogen on dopamine turnover, glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and lordosis behavior in septal lesioned female rats.

Abstract Estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment (2.0 μg/day × 3) of septal lesioned adult female rats produces a marked increase in lordosis behavior over similarly treated sham operated animals. In these animals endogenous dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured and turnover rates were estimated following tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition with α-methyltyrosine, in both EB and oil (0.05 ml × 3 days) treated groups. No consistent pattern of change in the level or rate of turnover of NE was noted for any of the treatment groups. No differences in either the level or turnover of DA were seen in the oil treated septal lesioned group, relative both to EB and oil treated sham operated groups. However, in the amygdala, corpus striatum and nucleus accumbens septi of the septal lesioned animals primed with EB there was both a reduction in endogenous levels (20–50%) and a decrease in synthesis rates (30–70%) of DA relative to both EB and oil treated sham operated groups and the oil treated septal lesioned group. The EB treated septal lesioned animals showed a significant negative correlation between DA levels in the corpus striatum and the level of lordosis behavior ( r = −.850), supporting the concept of a possible inhibitory role for DA on female sexual receptivity. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) activity was measured in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental region from the same animals. GAD activity was reduced in both areas in the EB primed sham operated animals, while the EB and oil treated septal lesioned groups remained comparable to the oil treated sham operated animals. Because of the proposed existence of a GABA mediated inhibitory neuronal feedback on DA cell bodies in the midbrain, the reduction in DA turnover in the EB primed septal lesioned female rat and thus the increase in behavioral receptivity could be due in part to the failure of the septal lesioned animal to show a compensatory decrease in GAD activity.
Stress-only SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging: A review

Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has enjoyed considerable success for decades due to its diagnostic accuracy and wealth of prognostic data. Despite this success several limitations such as lengthy protocols and radiation exposure remain. Advancements to address these shortcomings include abbreviated stress-only MPI (SO MPI) protocols, PET and both hardware and software methods to reduce radiation exposure and time. SO MPI has advantages in protocol time and radiation reduction with a wealth of supporting data in terms of diagnostic validity and prognostic value. Newer technologies such as attenuation correction, and advanced camera technologies have enabled SO MPI to be more efficient in reducing the time of acquisition and radiation dose and improving accuracy. This review examines the literature available, regarding accuracy, patient outcomes, implementation strategies, and newer developments associated with SO MPI.
Weighted rank aggregation via relaxed integer programming

We propose a new family of algorithms for bounding/approximating the optimal solution of rank aggregation problems based on weighted Kendall distances. The algorithms represent linear programming relaxations of integer programs that involve variables reflecting partial orders of three or more candidates. Our simulation results indicate that the linear programs give near-optimal performance for a number of important voting parameters, and outperform methods based on PageRank and Weighted Bipartite Matching.
Three Concepts Shape the New Roles of Principals in Administrator Preparation

As principal preparation programs evolve, so do the roles of established administrators who want to play a part in training prospective principals. The new roles center on mentoring, field- based preparation, and collaboration.
Regional Market Integration and Decentralization in Europe and North America Implications for Business-Government Relations and Corporate Public Affairs

Regional market integration in Europe and North America has grown increasingly extensive. This integration has created institutions and structures to guide pancontinental political, economic, and social policies. At the same time, both regions are experiencing pressures of decentralization. These competing trends are transforming relationships between and among business, society, and government. This article compares and contrasts integration in North America and Europe, and discusses the implications of political, economic, and institutional changes in these two regions for business-government relations and the structure and strategic orientation of the corporate public affairs (PA) function. This article reviews recent literature on comparative political economy, business and public policy, and corporate PA, and it presents a conceptual model and research propositions, supported by case illustrations, of how integration and decentralization affect business-government relations and corporate PA in Europe...
Thermostressed state of an infinite cylindrical shell with coordinate-dependent heat exchange coefficients and ambient temperature

We investigate the stress-strain state of an infinite cylindrical shell caused by a difference between the temperatures of the surrounding medium on the faces and the dependence of the coefficients of heat exchange from them on the coordinate. The contour of the shell at infinity is free from forces and moments, and the influence of the curvature of the shell on the temperature distribution and stress distribution is also taken into account. The problem of heat conduction is reduced to a system of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, which is solved numerically by the method of quadrature formulas. We present results of a numerical analysis of distributions of temperature characteristics, the deflection, stresses, force, and bending moments.
Measuring Teacher Attitudes Toward Instructional Technology: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the TAC and TAT

In this article the authors present a confirmatory factor analysis of the Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Computers (TAC) and the Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Information Technology (TAT) scales by Christensen and Knezek (1996, 1998) using large samples from three states. The TAC was reduced from 98 items and nine factors to 35 items and eight factors, while maintaining superior psychometric properties. The TAT was reduced from 50 items and five factors to 20 items measuring five factors, similarly maintaining excellent psychometric properties. The authors also developed a combined short form of both instruments using 42 items to measure 11 factors for use in situations where parsimony is critical.
Recent Innovations in Minimally Invasive Surgery and Implications for Gynecology

Abstract Advances in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) have dramatically changed the approach to many gynecologic diseases. Three MIS innovations that have recently been introduced or reintroduced are robotic surgery, natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES), and single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). All three offer both advantages and disadvantages, compared to traditional laparoscopy. Of these three developing technologies, robotic surgery is likely to have the largest impact on clinical care. Despite a long history of MIS in gynecology, technologic advances are finding more clinical applications in the fields of general surgery and urology. Gynecologists should continue to be engaged in the development and application of advances in MIS. (J GYNECOL SURG 25:67)
Development of the gonads and gametes in the soft‐shell clam (Mya arenaria)

The clam Mya differs from other pelecypods which have been investigated in this respect in having most of the reserve nutritive materials formed within the vacuolated follicle cells of the gonads instead of within the very limited amount of mesenchymatous connective tissue of the visceral mass. The profusely branching tubular gonads originate from two groups of primordial germ cells situated in the position of the future genital apertures. The germinal primordia soon become differentiated into two types of nuclei, one of which becomes associated with the large, vacuolated follicle cells, which form the principal volume of the gonadal tissue, while the other type proliferates to form the primary gonia which become widely scattered along the walls of each alveolus. There is much degeneration and cytolysis during gametogenesis in both sexes, with the accumulation of characteristic inclusions within the follicle cells. Atypical spermatogenesis followed by cytolysis occurs throughout the year but the normal method only in preparation for spawning. No evidence of protandry or change of sex was obtained; only three hermaphrodites were found in the examination of more than 1000 individuals.