cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Semiautomated Assay of Pyrrobutamine Phosphate, Cyclopentamine Hydrochloride, and Methapyrilene Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Mixtures

Antihistamine preparations containing methapyrilene hydrochloride, pyrrobutamine phosphate, and cyclopentamine hydrochloride were assayed by introducing an aqueous sample solution into the appropriate automated system. Methapyrilene hydrochloride was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Pyrrobutamine phosphate was extracted as an ion-pair and quantitated colorimetrically by forming the bromcresol purple acid-dye complex. Cyclopentamine hydrochloride was determined colorimetrically by using the copper dithiocarbamate reaction for secondary amines.
Sums of dependent random variables

We obtain limit theorems for certain probabilities and expected values related to sums of identically distributed random variables with values in an amenable unimodular group, A (additive notation is used although A is not necessarily commutative). Our results apply to the case of independent random variables (the random walk case) but are not quite as good as the usual random walk results, since our limits are obtained in the generalized Cesiro sense, i.e., limits of the average over a set A,, in a summing sequence for A. Accordingly, the main advantage for our methods (which come from the development of the theory of Mackey’s virtual groups) is that they work well in the case of dependent random variables. The sums of random variables define generalized random walks (GRWs), just as random walks are defined in the independent case. The use of Cesiro type convergence makes unnecessary the distinction between periodic and aperiodic random walks. Unless A is countable, our approach is not able to formulate the condition that the GRW S at step k, S,, is in a Bore1 subset E of A-instead we measure the overlap of D + S, and E, where D can be taken to be a small neighborhood of 0 in A. Our results are mostly twosided, i.e., concerned with the values attained by a GRW walking backward or forward. The basic material on Mackey’s virtual groups is established in (81 and [9]. However, our range closure homomorphism of Theorem 3Sa requires Ramsay’s more complicated definition of a homomorphism in [ lOJ, unless A is countable. Most of our results do not require familiarity with the technicalities of virtual group theory. To describe transient GRWs we will introduce two parameters, r(S; E) in Theorem 2.4, which describes the range of values reached by S, and k(S; E) in Definition 3.3, which describes how often E is sent to E-the kernel of S. The product of these two parameters leads to Z(S), which is of significance in the theory of virtual group homomorphisms. We obtain rather specific results regarding k(S; E) and r(S; E) in the case where A is the real numbers and S, > 0. For transient S we obtain a way of 120 0022-247X/80/090120-12$02.00/0
A framework for supplier-supply chain risk management: Tradespace factors to achieve risk reduction — Return on investment

The growing trend in information and communications technology (ICT) globalization and outsourcing provides opportunities for adversaries to attack the supply chains of critical information systems and networks in order to gain unauthorized access to data, alter data, disrupt operations, or interrupt communications by inserting malicious code into or otherwise corrupting components; or to obtain knowledge of the uses and users of systems. A challenging issue is the ability to assure that articles of supply and the suppliers can be trusted to do only that which is expected or specified and to do so reliably and dependably. This paper describes a framework for discovering, defining, learning, and establishing capabilities to manage the risks of suppliers and supply chains of ICT.
Gender and elevated albumin excretion in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort: Role of central obesity

Background: Microalbuminuria (MA), a predictor of cardiovascular disease in subjects without diabetes and with type 2 diabetes, is more common in men than women in some studies. MA has been linked to central obesity–related traits, including increased waist-hip ratio (WHR), suggesting visceral adiposity might contribute to elevated albumin excretion rate (AER). These relationships have been examined less thoroughly in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: We examined the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications database obtained 4 years after the end of the DCCT to determine whether sex was related to AER in patients with type 1 diabetes and how WHR, a surrogate for visceral adiposity, affected the sex-MA relationship. We fitted models with ln(AER) as the response, adjusted for age, hemoglobin A1c level, smoking status, diabetes duration, and blood pressure, plus WHR, body mass index (BMI), or sex, alone or in combination. Results: Men had greater AERs. WHR was associated with AER, whereas neither sex nor BMI alone was associated with AER when adjusted for WHR. For women, but not men, AER was associated with waist circumference. Conclusion: Sex is associated with AER in patients with type 1 diabetes, a relationship accounted for by WHR, consistent with a role for visceral adiposity in this process. Whether this observation is caused by a direct effect of sex hormones on the kidney and WHR or the effect of sex hormones on body fat distribution leading to differences in AER remains to be determined.
A versatile sample‐environment cell for non‐ambient X‐ray scattering experiments

A compact reaction cell is described for in-situ experiments requiring control of both the temperature of the sample and the atmosphere over the sample. The cell incorporates an optional furnace capable of temperatures of up to ∼1273 K. The compact design and ability of the cell to mount directly on a standard goniometer head allows portability to a large number of diffraction instruments at synchrotron sources.
The depth, duration, and degree of outpatient pediatric polypharmacy in Colorado fee‐for‐service Medicaid patients

Background and Objectives Outpatient pediatric polypharmacy is poorly characterized. Identification of at-risk populations has clinical implications for pharmacy case management programs. We described the degree of exposure to polypharmacy using parameters of depth (concurrent medication count) and duration, reported commonly dispensed medications and exposure to three example potential drug–drug interactions by different depths of polypharmacy, and determined patient characteristics associated with exposure to increased degrees (a function of depth and duration) of polypharmacy. Methods Retrospective cohort study of Colorado fee-for-service Medicaid patients aged <18 years with 12 months of continuous enrollment. We calculated depth of polypharmacy using daily concurrent medication counts and duration of polypharmacy using days exposed to a certain depth. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess patient characteristics associated with different degrees of polypharmacy. Results Of 242 230 patients, 35% percent were exposed to any depth of polypharmacy, most commonly to anti-infective medications. Patients with higher depth polypharmacy were exposed to less common medications (psychotropic drugs, anticonvulsants, cardiovascular agents, and opioids) and to higher rates of exposure to potential drug–drug interactions. Of 47 972 patients exposed to ≥3 concurrent medications, 50% were exposed for <15 days, 25% for 15–38 days, 15% for 39–111 days, and 10% for 112–327 days. High-degree polypharmacy was associated with increasing age, male gender, and presence of a complex chronic condition. Conclusions Outpatient pediatric polypharmacy occurs to a substantial degree for a small but vulnerable population of children, who may be candidates for pharmacy case management. We must determine whether increased exposure to high-degree polypharmacy causes harm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved Analytical Expressions for Avalanche Breakdown in 4H-SiC

A new power law is approximated for effective impact ionization in 4H-SiC, which is then used to generate one-dimensional equations for critical electric field, avalanche breakdown voltage, and depletion layer width that match both simulation and published device results better than previous published equations.
Selection on X-Linked Genes during Speciation in the Drosophila Athabasca Complex

We present the results of a restriction site survey of variation at five loci in Drosophila athabasca, complimenting a previous study of the period locus. There is considerably greater differentiation between the three semispecies of D. athabasca at the period locus and two other X-linked genes (no-on-transient-A and E74A) than at three autosomal genes (Xdh, Adh and RC98). Using a modification of the HKA test, which uses fixed differences between the semispecies and a test based on differences in Fst among loci, we show that the greater differentiation of the X-linked loci compared with the autosomal loci is inconsistent with a neutral model of molecular evolution. We explore several evolutionary scenarios by computer simulation, including differential migration of X and autosomal genes, very low levels of migration among the semispecies, selective sweeps, and background selection, and conclude that X-linked selective sweeps in at least two of the semispecies are the best explanation for the data. This evidence that natural selection acted on the X-chromosome suggests that another X-linked trait, mating song differences among the semispecies, may have been the target of selection.
RATE CONSTANTS FOR INTERACTION OF 1O21Δg) WITH AZIDE ION IN WATER

— The rate constant for quenching of 1O2 by azide ion in water was determined to be (5.0 ± 0.4) × 108M−1 s−1 using a variety of sensitizers (including humic acids) and 1O2 acceptors. The apparent second-order rate constant decreases with pH below pH 5.5 in accordance with the protonation of azide ion to form hydrazoic acid (pKa= 4.6). Quenching by hydrazoic acid is at least 2 orders of magnitude slower than by azide ion. Greater than 99% of all interactions between 1O2 and azide ion involve physical quenching rather than chemical reaction. Humic acid triplets are not significantly quenched by azide ion at concentrations less than 2 mM, allowing azide ion quenching to be used as a diagnostic test for the intermediacy of 1O2 in photosensitized oxidations in natural surface waters.
Cholic acid for hepatic steatosis in patients with lipodystrophy: a randomized, controlled trial

Objective: Hepatic steatosis is a common complication in patients with lipodystrophies and can lead to cirrhosis. There is no proven effective therapy for hepatic steatosis, but cholic acid (CA), a farnesoid X receptor agonist, has previously been shown to reduce hepatic triglyceride (TG) content in mice and serum TG in humans. Our objective was to assess clinical efficacy and tolerability of CA therapy in patients with lipodystrophy and hepatic steatosis. Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Methods: Eighteen patients with genetic or autoimmune lipodystrophies and elevated hepatic TG content participated in the study. The intervention was CA (15 mg/kg per day) compared with placebo for a period of 6 months each. Hepatic TG content, the primary outcome variable, was measured with 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at baseline and at 3 and 6 months during each study period. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and TG were secondary end points of the study. Results: Compared with placebo, CA did not reduce (median (interquartile range) hepatic TG content (14.8% (9.4–19.0%) vs 15.9% (10.5–26.5%) respectively; PZ0.42) or serum TG ((340 mg/dl (233–433 mg/dl) vs 390 mg/dl (233–595 mg/dl) respectively; PZ0.45)). CA therapy also did not change AST, ALT, or GGT levels. Two patients developed diarrhea and excessive flatus while taking CA and these symptoms resolved after reducing the dose of CA. Conclusion: CA was well tolerated but did not reduce hepatic TG content in patients with lipodystrophy.
Photo time-stamp detection and recognition

This paper addresses the problem of photo time-stamp detection and recognition, which determines the time a photo was taken. Since the time-stamp is exposed together with the scene, the main challenge comes from complex background and saturation of the time-stamp. An MAP (maximum a posterior probability) based template matching method is proposed to detect and recognize the time-stamp simultaneously from a photo. A key step of this method is a skeleton-matching algorithm for individual digits, which supports partial matching and deals with complex background and saturation. Practically, to avoid exhaustive search, a saliency map is obtained by applying a set of morphologic operators on a photo. Proposals can be generated from the saliency map and the proposed method calculates the probability for each proposal. An application with strong prior knowledge is also given in which the proposed method achieves high accuracy in almost real time.
The use of side‐chain packing methods in modeling bacteriophage repressor and cro proteins

In recent years, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that the coordinates of the main-chain atoms alone are sufficient to determine the side-chain conformations of buried residues of compact proteins. Given a perfect backbone, the side-chain packing method can predict the side-chain conformations to an accuracy as high as 1.2 A RMS deviation (RMSD) with greater than 80% of the chi angles correct. However, similarly rigorous studies have not been conducted to determine how well these apply, if at all, to the more important problem of homology modeling per se. Specifically, if the available backbone is imperfect, as expected for practical application of homology modeling, can packing constraints alone achieve sufficiently accurate predictions to be useful? Here, by systematically applying such methods to the pairwise modeling of two repressor and two cro proteins from the closely related bacteriophages 434 and P22, we find that when the backbone RMSD is 0.8 A, the prediction on buried side chain is accurate with an RMS error of 1.8 A and approximately 70% of the chi angles correctly predicted. When the backbone RMSD is larger, in the range of 1.6-1.8 A, the prediction quality is still significantly better than random, with RMS error at 2.2 A on the buried side chains and 60% accuracy on chi angles. Together these results suggest the following rules-of-thumb for homology modeling of buried side chains. When the sequence identity between the modeled sequence and the template sequence is > 50% (or, equivalently, the expected backbone RMSD is < 1 A), side-chain packing methods work well. When sequence identity is between 30-50%, reflecting a backbone RMS error of 1-2 A, it is still valid to use side-chain packing methods to predict the buried residues, albeit with care. When sequence identity is below 30% (or backbone RMS error greater than 2 A), the backbone constraint alone is unlikely to produce useful models. Other methods, such as those involving the use of database fragments to reconstruct a template backbone, may be necessary as a complementary guide for modeling.
Coded Error Probability Evaluation for Antijam Communication Systems

We present a general union-Chernoff bound on the bit error probability for coded communication systems and apply it to examples of antijam systems. The key feature of this bound is the decoupling of the coding aspects of the system from the remaining part of the communication system which includes jamming, suboptimum detectors, and arbitrary decoding metrics which may or may not use jammer state knowledge.
Defending the Pious: Melanchthon and the Reformation in Albertine Saxony, 1539

With the death of Duke George of Saxony on 17 April 1539, the Reformation lost one of its fiercest enemies, a leader of great prestige who not only resisted the Reformation, but actively campaigned against it.1 With the accession of his brother Heinrich, the Reformers gained an important ally, for the new duke had converted to Lutheranism in 1537. The union of Saxony, which had been divided a half-century before, under the banner of Protestantism would have been one of the great political triumphs of the new religious movement.2 The Reformers themselves certainly considered it a good sign.3
Optimal seismic analysis of degrading planar frames using a weighted energy method to associate inelastic mode shapes: Part I optimal parameters

Abstract The objective of this paper is to compute three optimal parameters that are subsequently used to formulate the pre-yielded and post-yielded portions of an equivalent single degree of freedom system (E-SDOF) that is used to predict the seismic target demands in planar frames. The procedure uses an optimal number of inelastic mode shapes from a structure’s capacity (pushover) curve to account for any significant higher-mode effects (HME) and predict the inelastic demands. Using a variant inertial load pattern, weighted energy gradients under the capacity curve are used to define an optimal ductility parameter, which is in turn used to combine the inelastic (and elastic) mode shapes into a single mode shape. This is used to determine the pre-yielded portion of the E-SDOF system, where the post-yielded portion is determined using an inelastic modes parameter. The procedure also utilizes a reduction factor parameter to adjust the one-second spectral acceleration demand. The three optimal parameters are established using several buildings, whose responses are generally influenced by specific material strain hardening and plastic flow rules, and by the dissipated energy due to the yielding of the individual members. Using this methodology, the predicted target displacement demands are very reasonably predicted when compared to a nonlinear time-history analysis, which enables the parameters to later be used in the formulation of other buildings’ E-SDOF systems.
The Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: An Update

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the indications, outcomes, complications, patient selection, and technical aspects of creating a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). CONCLUSION. The best available evidence supports the use of TIPS in secondary prevention of variceal bleeding and in refractory ascites, although TIPS is also commonly used for other indications such as Budd-Chiari syndrome, hepatic hydrothorax, and acute variceal hemorrhage. The TIPS procedure was revolutionized by the introduction of covered stents, which dramatically improved long-term shunt patency.
Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Human Cancer

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a ubiquitous and essential regulator of cellular and physiologic processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell survival, angiogenesis, and immunosurveillance. Alterations in the TGF-β signaling pathway, including mutation or deletion of members of the signaling pathway and resistance to TGF-β-mediated inhibition of proliferation are frequently observed in human cancers. Although these alterations define a tumor suppressor role for the TGF-β pathway in human cancer, TGF-β also mediates tumor-promoting effects, either through differential effects on tumor and stromal cells or through a fundamental alteration in the TGF-β responsiveness of the tumor cells themselves. TGF-β and members of the TGF-β signaling pathway are being evaluated as prognostic or predictive markers for cancer patients. Ongoing advances in understanding the TGF-β signaling pathway will enable targeting of this pathway for the chemoprevention and treatment of human cancers.
Digital distrust: Uzbek cynicism and solidarity in the Internet Age

In this article, I examine how Uzbek exiles have used the Internet to attempt to forge solidarity in a political culture of cynicism and distrust. Tracing the development of internal divisiveness in the Uzbek political opposition, I show how cynicism has been reconstituted as an essential part of Uzbek political integrity, and then I examine how some dissidents have attempted to counteract this cynical political culture through the online promotion of a new political repertoire. I argue that the Internet changes patterns of political dissent by allowing greater interaction between geographically dispersed, like-minded parties but also allows the doubts and antagonisms that existed within those parties to be more easily perceived and, in some cases, exacerbated.
Moderate to severe depressive symptoms among adolescent mothers followed four years postpartum

Abstract Purpose To examine race/ethnic differences in depressive symptoms among adolescent mothers during the first four years postpartum. Methods A prospective study of 623 adolescent mothers, 18 years or younger followed four years after delivery. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). These analyses focused on data collected at 3, 12, 24 and 48 months postpartum. Results Overall, 57% of the sample reported moderate to severe depressive (MSD) symptoms during the four-year period. The steepest increase in the percent reporting new MSD symptoms occurred during the first 12 months after delivery. The prevalence of MSD symptoms was highest at three months (36.7%) and steadily declined through 48 months (21.1%) for all race/ethnic groups with one exception: a slightly higher percentage of African-Americans reported MSD symptoms at 48 (20.0%) than at 24 months (16.9%). Logistic regression analysis used to calculate the relative odds of experiencing MSD symptoms revealed higher odds of depressive symptoms for Caucasians (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–3.4) at three months, and for Mexican-Americans at both 12 (AOR 2.6; 95% CI 1.4–4.8) and 24 (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.1–4.4) months. MSD symptoms at three months were significantly related to MSD symptoms at 48 months for all race/ethnic groups ( p Conclusions More than 50% of adolescent mothers experience MSD symptoms during the first postpartum year. As a group, African-American adolescent mothers appear to have the lowest rates of MSD symptoms, but higher rates of recurrence, when compared with Mexican-Americans and Caucasians.
Sequential monte carlo point-process estimation of kinematics from neural spiking activity for brain-machine interfaces

Many decoding algorithms for brain machine interfaces' (BMIs) estimate hand movement from binned spike rates, which do not fully exploit the resolution contained in spike timing and may exclude rich neural dynamics from the modeling. More recently, an adaptive filtering method based on a Bayesian approach to reconstruct the neural state from the observed spike times has been proposed. However, it assumes and propagates a gaussian distributed state posterior density, which in general is too restrictive. We have also proposed a sequential Monte Carlo estimation methodology to reconstruct the kinematic states directly from the multichannel spike trains. This letter presents a systematic testing of this algorithm in a simulated neural spike train decoding experiment and then in BMI data. Compared to a point-process adaptive filtering algorithm with a linear observation model and a gaussian approximation (the counterpart for point processes of the Kalman filter), our sequential Monte Carlo estimation methodology exploits a detailed encoding model (tuning function) derived for each neuron from training data. However, this added complexity is translated into higher performance with real data. To deal with the intrinsic spike randomness in online modeling, several synthetic spike trains are generated from the intensity function estimated from the neurons and utilized as extra model inputs in an attempt to decrease the variance in the kinematic predictions. The performance of the sequential Monte Carlo estimation methodology augmented with this synthetic spike input provides improved reconstruction, which raises interesting questions and helps explain the overall modeling requirements better.
Standardized Patient Encounters and Individual Case-Based Simulations Improve Students' Confidence and Promote Reflection: A Preliminary Study

Context: Simulations and standardized patient (SP) encounters are used to provide clinical experiences for students. In athletic training, no research has examined the perceived educational benefit...
Transformational Leadership - Shaping the Future of the Biopharmaceutical Industry

The biopharmaceutical industry is undergoing deep structural changes in the marketplace as is the legacy business model that supports it. To succeed in this turbulent climate, organizations will need “transformational” leaders, at all levels, skilled at adapting to rapid socio-technical change, anticipating disruptive events in the marketplace, and setting a shared inspirational vision for all colleagues.
Beyond Disclosure: Seeking Forgiveness

In a Boston hospital delivery unit, a series of small mistakes—compounded by everyday stressors, personality conflicts, and the harried schedules familiar to every health care professional—culminated in the loss of a newborn and the serious compromise of the mother's health. Sachs, who tells this extraordinary story in JAMA ,1 should be commended for his discussion of mistakes in health care, the costs to everyone involved, and this particular medical team's generative approach to improving their practices. But what makes the article extraordinary is its focus on offering an apology. In doing so, the involved health care professionals moved into a position of seeking forgiveness . Forgiveness themes have surfaced, albeit infrequently, in the health care literature. One notable example is a widely read study—written by medical sociologist Charles Bosk and published in the book titled Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failures 2—documenting surgical error in the 1970s. The term “forgiveness” might be stumbled upon, rarely if at all, in professional ethics texts, especially those few that are virtue-based in approach or written within the context of particular religious ethics approaches. The concept of forgiveness is glaringly absent, however, in the medical and nursing literature and in the curricular materials of those professional education programs. But the medical and nursing professions are not unique. Apology and forgiveness themes are seldom, if ever, the focus of ethics cases in professional physical therapist education or plenary sessions at APTA meetings. Apology just isn't in the clinical vocabulary or, for that matter, in the clinician's line of vision. Why is the idea of apologizing absent from the health care professions at a time when taking precautions to prevent mistakes, being reflective, and being accountable are increasing in the literature and guidelines about professionalism? I believe that apology is largely absent from the …
Dirty Words: The Rhetoric of Public Sex Education, 1870–1924

Robin E. Jensen, Dirty Words: The Rhetoric of Public Sex Education, 1870–1924 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010), xxiv + 201 pp. $75.00 (cloth), $25.00 (paper). What should Americans know...
Occurrence of Ethylvanillic Acid in Human Urine and its Metabolism.

SummaryEthylvanillic acid (3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) occurs occasionally in human urine. Its presence follows ingestion of ethylvanillin, a component of some artificial vanilla flavorings. After ingestion of ethylvanillin or of ethylvanillic acid, free ethylvanillic acid, a glucuronide conjugate, and a glycine conjugate are excreted.
Geochemistry and early diagenesis of mammal-bearing concretions from the Sucker Creek Formation (Miocene) of southeastern Oregon

In situ concretions are important sources of fossil mammals in the Sucker Creek Formation (middle Miocene) in southeastern Oregon. Three discrete mammal-bearing concretion horizons occur within a 20-m volcanogenic paleosol sequence in the Devil9s Gate area. Approximately 35% of collected concretions contain visually discernible bone. Concretions may also contain root casts or inorganic nuclei (e.g., pumice clasts, volcanic clays); or may be internally homogenous. The concretions themselves are mineralogically distinct from marine-derived concretion types (i.e., siderite and calcium carbonate) that more commonly preserve vertebrate remains, such as fish and sharks. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction, and Microprobe techniques were used to infer geochemical interactions that occurred between bone and enclosing volcaniclastics during early concretion diagenesis. Both concentrations and distributions of chemical phases and minerals have been used to suggest that the following events occurred during their development: (1) partial dissolution of bone hydroxyapatite by groundwater and diffusion into adjacent volcaniclastic material; (2) filling of bone voids by calcite, quartz, hematite, and zeolites; (3) development of a porous fabric around the bone by the precipitation of dissolved bone hydroxyapatite, seeded by inorganically derived hydroxyapatite and calcic zeolites derived from volcanic ash; (4) deposition of a secondary zeolite fabric into voids of the dominant fabric; and (5) development of bentonitic clays around concretions during pedogenesis. Although some superficial bone was consumed during concretion diagenesis, relatively fast concretion development in this volcanic environment reduced the chance of prolonged chemical and physical destruction during later soil development. Consequently, bone-volcaniclastic interactions played an important role in the preservation of large mammal skeletal remains and rare skeletal elements of small mammals.
Benchmarking of Computational Models For Adiabatic Film-Cooling Effectiveness For Large Spacing Compound Angle Full Coverage Film Cooling Arrays

This study aims to benchmark CFD methods against experimental data on both the local and overall adiabatic film cooling effectiveness of a full-coverage film cooling array. The two geometries used for benchmarking comparison varied in their cylindrical hole inclination angle of either 30 or 45 degrees while both maintaining a lateral and axial spacing of 14.5 hole diameters. For both these geometries, the local film cooling effectiveness was analyzed using CFD techniques for an array of 30 rows of film holes while varying the blowing ratio between 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6. A total of 7 different turbulence model cases were tested and it was determined that the k-ω SST turbulence model provided the best adiabatic film cooling effectiveness representation for the experimental results being benchmarked. From the results of this study, k-ω SST provided predictions that were within the 10% uncertainty range of the experimental data for lower blowing ratios for both geometries and approxiatly 15% difference for higher blowing ratios.
Sterilization of Pink Bollworm Adults with Metepa

Sterilization studies of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), were begun after screw-worms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were eradicated from the Island of Curacao (Lindquist 1955, Baumhover et al. 1955) and from the Southeastern United States (Knipling 1960) through the release of males sterilized by gamma irradiation. The pink bollworm also can be sterilized by gamma irradiation (Ouye et al. 1964a), but the sterilized males do not compete well for females with nonsterile males (M. T. Ouye, unpublished data). Therefore, another method of sterilizing pink bollworms was desirable.
COMPARISON OF SEVERAL METHODS OF SCORING DRAW-A-PERSON TESTS

In order to compare several methods of scoring Draw-a-Person tests, 46 second-grade boys with a mean age of 7 yr. 9 mo. were asked to draw a boy and a man and 46 secondgrade girls of the same mean age were asked to draw a girl and a woman. The mean Otis IQ of the children was 109.7, with a range from 82 to 149. The mean IQ of the girls (113.3) was significantly higher (t test, p = .05) than that of the boys (106.6). Consistent with this is the fact that the girls scored significantly higher than the boys on both the Goodenough-Harris and the McCarthy scales. The product-moment correlation coefficient computed between the scores obtained by the 46 boys on the 73-point Goodenough-Harris Draw-a-Man Scale and the 26-point McCarthy Draw-a-Boy Scale was .43. When corrected for restriction of range of the Drawa-Man Scale, however, this correlation was estimated to be .62. The r between the scores obtained by the 46 girls on the 71-point Goodenough-Harris Draw-a-Woman Scale and the 26-point McCarthy Draw-a-Girl Scale was .83. Inter-scorer reliability of the four scales was obtained by having two similarly trained graduate students of psychology independently score 10 drawings by each of the four scales. The reliability coefficients were .87, .89, .91, and .93 for the drawings of a man, a woman, a boy, and a girl, respectively. Twenty per cent of the drawings of a girl and 20% of the drawings of a boy received the same total score when scored by the two scorers, but none of the drawings of the man or of the woman was given the same total score by the two scorers. The reliability coefficients agree with those obtained on the original Goodenough by McCarthy ( 1944) and Sweeney ( 1964). Data on scoring time were also obtained for 144 drawings, 36 scored by each of the four scales. It took an appreciably longer time on the average to score the drawings by the Goodenough-Harris Scales (209.3 sec. for the Man and 155.7 sec. for the Woman) than by the McCarthy Scales (69.5 sec. for the Boy and 74.3 sec. for the Girl). These differences may be attributed to the varying lengths of the four scales. However, drawings scored by the Draw-a-Woman Scale took the least time per item and those scored by the other three scales took approximately the same amount of time per item.
On the Main characteristics and the Singnificanceof the contitution 1954——In commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of the Enactment of the 1954s constitution

The 1954 constitution is the outcome of the combination of the leadership of the Party and the mass line,of the experience of China and other countries,of principle and flexibility,of science and popularity.It is the symbol of the shift of China's Socialist legal system from "transitional period"to"mature period".It has laid the foundation for the basic mode for the democratic constitutionalism of New China.Its basic spirit finds expression in the present constittution.with Striking characteristics,far-reaching influence and significant constitutionalism,it still has unneglectful limitations.
Safety responsibilities for owner and example in public works

It has become one headstream leading to construction accident frequently for owner's violating action according to accident statistics,especially for public work owner.However,it is difficult to inspect owner's action for its strength situation.In this paper the best safety management practice of the abroad owner participating in safety management was concluded,cooperating with the present situation of domestic owner on safety,and how the owners could assume safety responsibilities with focusing on safety management was proposed.It was recommended that higher legal standards should be set forth for public work and also take safety example of public works as breakthrough so as to promote and develop construction industry safety and health.
Optimization Control Method of Wind/Storage System for Suppressing Wind Power Ramp Rate

To comply with the national standard of wind power integration,the fluctuations of wind power must be mitigated.An optimization control method of wind/storage hybrid system is proposed,which can suppress the wind power ramp rate and meet the ramp rate requirement in the standard.A mathematical expression for wind power ramp rate is presented as per the definition of active power change in the national standard.Based on the ultra-short-term/short-term wind power prediction,a rolling optimization model which adopts wind curtailment control and storage control is established to maximize the total profit of wind/storage hybrid system.The model is solved by genetic algorithm.A test case is developed based on the parameters of a practical wind plant to show its effectiveness.
Subject-based rating of hand-wrist stressors

Subject-based rating (SBR) methods (eg, Borg Scales) have been applied to lifting and exertion estimation. SBR methods were applied to hand-wrist motions in this controlled experimental study of rapid motion. Seven normal volunteers performed lift actions with several combinations of wrist position (flexion-extension), repetition frequency, force, and grip type (precision vs power) using an experimental apparatus. Wrist position and frequency were confirmed using an electrogoniometer. Subjects rated the tasks along 5 scales. Analysis showed that grip type had the predominant effect on the subjective ratings, but the other factors were also rated. However, cycle times between 3 and 8 seconds were not well differentiated. The study indicates that SBR does validly reflect actual stressors and suggests that SBR may be useful for "screening" jobs for more intensive study.
Prenatal hemoglobinopathy screening: receptivity of Southeast Asian refugees.

Because of the availability of safe, accurate prenatal diagnosis for hemoglobinopathies, we wanted to know if pregnant women identified as carriers of a hemoglobinopathy by prenatal screening use this information to determine whether their fetus is at risk. Blood from all pregnant women served by a 40 percent sample of prenatal care providers in Rochester, New York, over 51 months underwent Hb electrophoresis and MCV ± Hb A2 determination. The frequency of positives was 33/229 (14 percent) for Southeast Asians versus 567/15,824 (3.6 percent) for non-Southeast Asians. Of the positives, 29 (88 percent) Southeast Asians came for counseling versus 348 (61 percent) others. Of those counseled, 26 (90 percent) Southeast Asians had their partners tested, as did 211 (61 percent) others. Of the partners tested, 17 (65 percent) Southeast Asians were also positive compared to 44 (21 percent) others. Of couples offered prenatal diagnosis, 50 percent of each group (4/8 and 17/34) accepted. Of those accepting, all Southeast Asians actually underwent the procedure, while seven (41 percent) others miscarried or failed to keep their appointment. Thus, in our pregnant population, Southeast Asians are four times more likely to be hemoglobinopathy carriers than non-Southeast Asians, and Southeast Asian carriers are four times more likely to warrant, want, and undergo prenatal diagnosis for a hemoglobinopathy than non-Southeast Asian carriers.
American Indians and National Forests. By Theodore Catton

American Indians and National Forests. By Theodore Catton. Foreword by Joel D. Holtrop. (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2016. x + 374 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95; ebook.) This book was commissioned by the US Forest Service (USFS) and is important scholarship on USFS-tribal relationships and Indian forestry. The first part of the book brings together secondary sources to highlight conservation history and the development of the USFS-tribal relationships. These relationships changed through the major eras of US tribal policy: treaty, removal, Indian New Deal, allotment, termination, and self-determination. The establishment of National Forests co-occurred with the loss of Indian land and Catton argues Indian forestry developed in part to stop “further diminishment of the Indian estate” … mdockry{at}fs.fed.us
A magnetically driven PDMS peristaltic micropump

We present a robust low-cost PDMS peristaltic micropump with magnetic drive. The fabrication process is based on the soft molding and bonding of three PDMS layers. A base layer incorporates the microchannel while a middle layer contains the actuation membrane. The top layer encapsulates three small permanent magnetic rods (Ni-plated-NdFeB) in three small chambers. A small DC motor (6 mm in diameter and 15 mm in length) with three permanent magnets stagger-mounted on its shaft is used to pull down and actuate the membrane-mounted magnets to generate a peristaltic waveform. A maximum pumping rate of about 24 /spl mu/L/min at the speed of 1700 rpm with power consumption of 11 mW was demonstrated. A preliminary numerical analysis of the peristaltic pump was performed, which showed the characteristic membrane deflection and fluid flow of pumping.
Prejunctional modulation of norepinephrine release in the human iris-ciliary body.

Purpose. To characterize the prejunctional mechanisms that control the impulse-evoked release of norepinephrine in the isolated, superfused human iris-ciliary body. Methods. Human iris-ciliary body tissue segments were preincubated with 3 H-norepinephrine, superfused and electrically-stimulated in vitro to evoke the discharge of 3 H-norepinephrine. The effects of prejunctional modulators on evoked s H-norepinephrine overflow were evaluated. Results. Stimulation-evoked (but not spontaneous) 3 H-norepinephrine release was inhibited by a2-adrenergic, muscarinic, dopaminergic, neuropeptide Y, and prostaglandin agonists and was enhanced by angiotensin II. Agonist-induced effects on 3 H-norepinephrine overflow were blocked by selective antagonists, where available. Yohimbine and atropine alone enhanced 3 H-norepinephrine output, suggesting that prejunctional a 2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors undergo tonic activation by endogenously released neurotransmitters. Conclusions. Human ocular sympathetic nerves express inhibitory cv2-adrenergic, muscarinic, dopaminergic, prostaglandin, and neuropeptide Y receptors and facilitator)' angiotensin II receptors that control the impulse-evoked release of 3 H-norepinephrine. These receptors may be useful targets for pharmacologic manipulation of the adrenergic system in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34:2790-2793.
Electronic serials: Administrative angst or answer

The librarians are still surrounded by books, but those ubiquitous computer terminals and printers are proliferating rapidly. Being a librarian today is hard. The choices we must make are many and the decisions are tough. We live in a world today where we must compete and we must compete effectively. One answer for the problems confronting libraries today being widely espoused is the electronic serial. It is suppose to solve out funding problems, our space problems, our universal aceess problems, and a host of other issues ranging from the timeliness of the information, to the spiralling costs of postage, to preservation issues
Pulmonary Hypertension and Cancer: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Pulmonary hypertension is caused by cancer and its therapeutic agents including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and even the targeted therapies. Ironically, some of the cancer therapies that cause one type of pulmonary hypertension (PH) could potentially be employed in the treatment of another PH type. Greater awareness on the role of cancer therapeutic agents in causing PH is required. Conversely, since PH is mostly incurable, the potential role of some of these cancer therapeutic agents in the cure of PH should be recognized. In short, the relationship between cancer, cancer therapy, and PH is an interesting one requiring further attention, education, and research.
Modeling Nonstationary Time Series and Inferring Instantaneous Dependency, Feedback and Causality: An Application to Human Epileptic Seizure Event Data

Abstract The parametric modeling of nonstationary covariance time series and the determination of the instantaneously changing structure of the interdependencies between those time series, inferred from the fitted model are treated. The nonstationary time series are modeled by a multivariate time varying autoregressive (AR) model. The time evolution of the AR parameters are expressed as linear combinations of discrete Legendre orthogonal polynomial functions of time. The model is fitted by a Householder t|ransformat ion least squares-Akaike AIC order determination, regression subset selection method. The computation of the instantaneous dependence, feedback and causality structure of the time series, from the fitted model, is discussed. An example of the modeling and determination of instantaneous causality in a human implanted electrode seizure event EEG is shown.
Performance of acoustic radiation force impulse ultrasound imaging for carotid plaque characterization with histologic validation

Abstract Objective Stroke is commonly caused by thromboembolic events originating from ruptured carotid plaque with vulnerable composition. This study assessed the performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, a noninvasive ultrasound elasticity imaging method, for delineating the composition of human carotid plaque in vivo with histologic validation. Methods Carotid ARFI images were captured before surgery in 25 patients undergoing clinically indicated carotid endarterectomy. The surgical specimens were histologically processed with sectioning matched to the ultrasound imaging plane. Three radiologists, blinded to histology, evaluated parametric images of ARFI-induced peak displacement to identify plaque features such as necrotic core (NC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), collagen (COL), calcium (CAL), and fibrous cap (FC) thickness. Reader performance was measured against the histologic standard using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, linear regression, Spearman correlation (ρ), and Bland-Altman analysis. Results ARFI peak displacement was two-to-four-times larger in regions of NC and IPH relative to regions of COL or CAL. Readers detected soft plaque features (NC/IPH) with a median area under the curve of 0.887 (range, 0.867-0.924) and stiff plaque features (COL/CAL) with median area under the curve of 0.859 (range, 0.771-0.929). FC thickness measurements of two of the three readers correlated with histology (reader 1: R 2 = 0.64, ρ = 0.81; reader 2: R 2 = 0.89, ρ = 0.75). Conclusions This study suggests that ARFI is capable of distinguishing soft from stiff atherosclerotic plaque components and delineating FC thickness.
Patterns of failure in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: Implications of TNM stage for prophylactic cranial irradiation.

Abstract Background and purpose The relationship between tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and patterns of failure in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) remains unclear. We hypothesized that TNM stage predicts brain metastasis risk, and could inform the use of prophylactic cranial irradiation. Material and methods We reviewed 283 patients with stage I–IIIB SCLC. Competing-risks regression was used to analyze local, distant, and brain failure. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the effect of treatment and clinical factors on failure and OS. Results Patients with stage I or II SCLC (35% of cohort) had significantly better survival and lower risk of distant and brain metastasis, compared with stage III patients. The 5-year cumulative incidence of brain metastasis for stage I/II and III were 12% and 26%, respectively. Stage had no correlation with local failure. On multivariate analysis, stage was independently prognostic for survival, distant metastasis risk, and brain metastasis risk. Conclusions TNM staging predicts likelihood of distant metastasis, brain metastasis, and survival in LS-SCLC. This supports the routine use of TNM staging in clinical practice. The lower risk of brain metastasis in stage I and II SCLC suggests that prophylactic cranial irradiation could play a more limited role in treatment of early-stage disease.