cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide absorption and desorption in a packed tower using water and solutions of sodium carbonate and of triethanolamine

The relative efficiencies of water, sodium carbonate solutions (0.025 to 0.4 M), and triethanolamine solutions (0.05 to 1.0 M) for the removal of carbon dioxide from air containing up to 12% of the gas, at 40–50°F., was determined using 12 in. diameter towers packed to a depth of 40 in. with 1-in. Raschig rings. Coefficients of absorption for sodium carbonate and triethanolamine solutions were 30–60% less than comparable coefficients for water. Desorption coefficients for sodium carbonate and triethanolamine solutions were larger than absorption coefficients under comparable conditions but somewhat less than desorption coefficients for water, except for dilute conditions. Desorption coefficients for dilute solutions (less than 0.15 M) were up to three times as large as those for water. These results indicate that the use of sodium carbonate or triethanolamine solutions instead of water (as frequently used at present) would permit the use of smaller desorption equipment in applications such as scrubber systems for the removal of carbon dioxide from controlled atmosphere storage rooms for fruits and vegetables. Solubility data for carbon dioxide in sodium carbonate and triethanolamine solutions at temperatures and carbon dioxide partial pressures of interest in this study were also determined. L'efficacite relative de l'absorption du gaz carbonique jusqu'a des concentrations de 12% dans l'air, a l'aide d'eau, de solutions aqueuses de carbonate de sodium (0.025 a 0.4 M) et de triethanolamine (0.05 a 1.0 M) a ete determinee pour des temperatures de 40–50°F. dans une tour d'absorption d'un diametre de 12” contenant des anneaux de Raschig (1”) sur une profondeur de 40′. Les coefficients d'absorption dans les solutions de carbonate de sodium et de triethanolamine sont de 30 a 60% moindres que dans le cas de l'eau. Les coefficients de desorption pour ces deux premieres solutions sont superieurs aux coefficients d'absorption sous des conditions comparables mais inferieurs cependant au coefficient de desorption pour l'eau, sauf pour les solutions diluees (inferieures a 0.15 M) lesquels sont jusqu'a trois fois ceux de l'eau. Ces resultats indiquent que l'utilisation du carbonate de sodium ou de triethanolamine plutǒt que l'eau (tel qu'utilise frequemment) permet l'utilisation d'equipement de desorption de plus faibles dimensions dans des applications telles que les systemes d'epuration pour l'enlevement du CO2 de l'air provenant des chambres d'entreposage des fruits et legumes. La solubilite du CO2 dans des solutions de carbonate de sodium et de triethanolamine aux temperatures et pression et de vapeur du CO2 concernees dans cette elude, est determinee.
Local complications after surgical resection for thyroid carcinoma.

Background: One of the issues in the debate surrounding the extent of thyroid excision for localized, well-differentiated thyroid cancer is the low morbidity rate reported after all degrees of thyroid resection. This study was conducted to determine morbidity and mortality after surgical resection for thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one patients with thyroid carcinoma were identified from tumor registries at a university, veterans administration, and private hospital over a 36-year period. Forty-five patients (49%) underwent total thyroidectomy, 28 (31%) subtotal thyroidectomy, and 18 (20%) thyroid lobectomy. Results: Permanent postoperative local complications occurred in 4% of patients. Forty-four patients (48%) experienced temporary local complications: transient hypocalcemia in 38 (42%), airway obstruction in 3 (3%), postoperative bleeding in 2 (2%), and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 1 (1%). The local complication rate increased in direct relationship to the extent of thyroid resection. There were no postoperative deaths. Conclusion: The most frequent underreported morbidity after thyroid resection is transient hypocalcemia. Compared to other life-threatening or permanent postoperative complications that could occur, transient hypocalcemia is relatively less important, and the significance of its identification is predominantly economic.
Use of naltrexone for alcohol use disorders in the Veterans’ Health Administration: A national study

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with alcohol use disorders who were prescribed naltrexone in Veterans Administration (VA) Healthcare system for fiscal year (FY) 2010 and socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with its use. Methods VA national administrative data were used to identify all veterans who had an alcohol use disorder diagnosis ( ICD-9-CM codes 303.9x or305.0x) in fiscal year (FY 2010) and were not prescribed any opioids ( n = 224,319). Patients in this group who filled a naltrexone prescription during this period were identified. Bivariate analysis was used to evaluate differences between veterans who received naltrexone prescription and those who did not on baseline characteristics and diagnoses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified measures that were independently related to receipt of naltrexone. Results 6172 (2.75%) of the 224,319 patients with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder who did not receive a prescription for opioid medications received naltrexone prescription. Bivariate analyses showed that patients taking naltrexone were 69 times more likely to have a co-morbid axis I diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of any substance abuse outpatient visit, any psychiatric outpatient visit or any mental health inpatient hospitalization, were significantly related to filling a prescription for naltrexone. Conclusions The rate of use of naltrexone by clinicians and patients remains low and having a co-morbid axis I diagnosis and receiving specialty mental health care were strong predictors of receiving a naltrexone prescription. Understanding the reasons for these findings may further naltrexone's clinical usefulness.
Multi-level configuration management with fine-grained logical units

The ability to manage the evolution of logical structures in software artifacts is crucial to the success in developing software systems. However, many existing version control systems often manage artifacts as files and have little or no knowledge of their logical structures. Therefore, the development and maintenance process of a system becomes less efficient. We have developed an object-oriented configuration management (SCM) infrastructure that can be used to build SCM services in any development environment. This paper describes the application of that infrastructure to construct a multi-level SCM system for source code and structured documents. The key contribution is the structure-oriented product versioning model that enables flexible management of the evolution of fine-grained logical units at any structural level in a software artifact.
Phase calibration and water vapor radiometry for millimeter-wave arrays

Correcting for the fluctuations in atmospheric path length caused by water vapor is a major challenge facing millimeter- and submillimeter-wave interferometers, and one that must be overcome to obtain routine sub-arcsecond resolution. Using the model for the power spectrum of phase fluctuations developed in Lay (1997), the existing technique of phase referencing to a bright calibrator object is analysed. It is shown that the phase errors after calibration have comparable contributions from both the target and calibrator measurements. The technique of water vapor radiometry, where the amount of emission from water vapor in the beam of each antenna is used to estimate a path correction, is also examined. It is found that there are two levels on which a correction can be made. The simplest corrects just the fluctuations within each on-source period; the calibration requirements for the radiometers are modest, and this partial correction can give a substantial improvement in the resolution and coherence time of an interferometer. The atmospheric fluctuations on longer timescales remain uncorrected, however, and are significant. To remove these, a full correction is required, which measures the change in the path difference that occurs when moving between the calibrator and the target, in addition to the on-source fluctuations. Since there can be a large difference in airmass between the calibrator and the target, measuring this change requires that the radiometers have the same response to a given column of water vapor to within ~0.1 %. Two possible methods of achieving this very stringent limit are outlined. For reasonable observing conditions at 230 GHz, it is predicted that the effective atmospheric "seeing" (the apparent smearing of the sky brightness distribution due to the atmosphere) is improved from 0.6" (phase referencing every 25 minutes) to 0.3" (phase referencing and partial radiometric correction). A full radiometric correction would, in principle, restore perfect seeing.
Theoretical and Empirical Implications of Attitude Strength

Attitude strength is defined as the extent to which an attitude is stable, resistant to change, impacts information processing, and guides behavior. Several concepts, such as accessibility, ambivalence, and importance relate to the broader concept of strength. For many years, both social psychology and political science ignored the differences across these various concepts, though in different ways. Social psychologists treated them as interchangeable, as indicators of the same latent concept. Political scientists treated them in isolation, focusing on one type of strength and ignoring the other, possibly relevant types. Recent research in both fields, however, challenges these approaches. Indicators of attitude strength are distinct concepts, and these differences are important empirically and theoretically. In this essay, we review the developments in both disciplines and make suggestions for how scholars should use and operationalize these concepts.
Different Hosts, “Same Database”: Differences that Must be Known by the Professional Searcher

Subscribing to information hosts is no longer expensive, having access to several is not unusual for the information professional. Completeness may so be enhanced, with duplicate access to some databases. Host influence on the database is examined for Data-Star, Dialog, Dimdi and Ovid Online on Medline, Embase, Biosis Previews and SciSearch (not available on Ovid Online).
The Socioemotional Outcomes of Young Children of Teenage Mothers by Paternal Coresidence

To date, no study has examined the implications of biological fathers’ coresidence for the socioemotional development of children of teenage mothers. Previous research suggests competing hypotheses. Men who father children with teenage women have low education and earnings and are disproportionately likely to be antisocial. However, teenage mothers are less distressed when fathers are more involved caregivers. The current study follows a multicity sample of children born to teenage women (n = 509) for their first 3 years of life in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Children whose biological father coresided continuously (20%) were more likely to be securely attached to their mother and had fewer externalizing problems than other children at age 3. Paternal coresidence did not increase household income, and it only marginally lowered maternal parenting stress.
The Fragility of Imperialist Ideology and the End of Local Traditions, an Inca Example

Imperial expansions tend to be legitimated by myths of empire that support the position of a particular group of ruling elite. In order to maintain their power, these elites must take this ideology seriously or risk losing their positions to those that will. In the Inca Empire of the Andes, expansion was justified in large part as a divine mandate to spread a true religion to the people. Although the Inca generally strove to maintain local religions, a long-standing ritual tradition involving painted tablets ended with the Inca conquest of southern Peru. The demise of this practice suggests a greater imperial concern for providing proper gifts to the gods than can be gleaned from the historical records.
Mythologies of Conquest

Despite centuries of scholarship regarding Amerindian warfare, both academic and public narratives that address the European conquest of the Americas privilege the absolute and total conquest and subjugation of the American Indian. As such, the legitimate Amerindian role in the conquest of the New World empires has entered the fray, and this in large part is due to the academy’s failure to consider more fully the role of Indian militias and allies, or indios amigos. In those contexts where Indian militias are discussed, their role is generally treated as cursory, or in the case of Mexican nationalist narratives, as an utter betrayal of Amerindian self determination. In an effort to reassert the role of the Amerindian warrior in assuring self-autonomy and assuming defense against European forces throughout the Americas, this essay will address three primary themes. First, we introduce that pervasive mythology of conquest that reifies the wholesale destruction of the Amerindian past, and one defined solely in terms of its relevance to European triumphalism, and Amerindian subjugation, subordination, and cultural annihilation or extinction. Second, we address the implications of an ascendant body of new and revisionist scholarship that clearly chronicles and privileges the pervasive role of Amerindian militias and allied indigenous kingdoms in the authentic conquest of the Americas. Finally, we review a select sampling of those military engagements in which Amerindian forces won decisive military contests against European belligerents in the Americas. Ultimately, we contend that prevailing public and scholarly narratives that seek to pacify the Amerindian past are in effect predominantly Eurocentric creations that continue to tout an Amerindian past borne of little more than collective martyrology over substance and historical authenticity.
Interactive and Historical Processes of Distributing Statistical Concepts Through Work Organization

In this article, we analyze interactive processes through which research groups and their statistical advisors insert new (for researchers) statistical concepts into existing research practice. Through processes of talk-in-interaction (speaking, gesture, and inscription), they assemble specimens, research workers, devices, algorithms, and texts, in alternative representations of future work. Alternate assemblies are compared, edited, and projected into future activity, in clients' projects and in publications, where they are viewed over a longer project history. As achievements of local interaction, assemblies have an interactive structure that builds from, and contrasts with, accounts of historically prior practice, involves joint imagination of new combinations of human judgment, with technology (e.g., statistical algorithms), and includes deliberate efforts to evaluate and edit future work activity. Speakers animate orders of work as laminar, narrative structures that deploy time, place, and human/tech...
Reproduction within marmotine ground squirrels (Sciuridae, Xerinae, Marmotini): patterns among genera

Abstract The sciurid tribe Marmotini has a distinctive, highly specialized reproductive profile characterized by annually produced litters of many offspring, each of small mass and fast growth rate. However, not all genera of marmotines follow the reproductive profile of the tribe. In fact, included in the tribe are squirrels with the highest and lowest energetic investment into reproduction of the entire family. Because of its large litter size, Ammospermophilus has the largest energetic investment into reproduction of nearly all squirrels. Also, Ammospermophilus is not limited to 1 litter per year. At the opposite extreme, Marmota has the smallest energetic investment into reproduction of all squirrels. Of the other 4 marmotine genera, reproduction in Cynomys is similar to that of Marmota, whereas that of Tamias is similar to that of Ammospermophilus; reproduction in Sciurotamias and Spermophilus may reflect their phylogenetic positions. Litter size in the basal Sciurotamias (2.5) is the lowest for all ...
Resolving seismic anisotropy: Sparse matrix methods for geophysical inverse problems

Two techniques for the singular value decomposition (SVD) of large sparse matrices are directly applicable to geophysical inverse problems: subspace iteration and the Lanczos method. Both methods require very little in-core storage and efficiently compute a set of singular values and singular vectors. A comparison of the singular value and vector estimates of these iterative approaches with the results of a conventional in-core SVD algorithm demonstrates their accuracy. Hence, it is possible to conduct an assessment of inversion results for larger sparse inverse problems such as those arising in seismic tomography. As an example, we examine the resolution matrix associated with a crosswell seismic inversion of first arrival times for lateral variations in anisotropy. The application to a set of first arrival times from a crosswell survey at the Grimsel Laboratory emphasizes the utility of including anisotropy in a traveltime inversion. The isotropic component of the estimated velocity structure appears to be well constrained even when anisotropy is included in the inversion. In the case of the Grimsel experiment, we are able to resolve a fracture zone, in agreement with borehole fracture intersections. Elements of the resolution matrix reveal moderate averaging among anisotropy coefficients as well as between anisotropy coefficients and source-receiver static terms. The information on anisotropy, such as the directions of maximum velocity, appears sensitive to lateral variations in velocity and must be interpreted with some caution.
Client Attachment Status and Changes in Therapeutic Alliance Early in Treatment.

Several studies have examined associations between client attachment status and therapeutic alliance. Most, however, measure alliance at a single time point only. This study is among the first to examine how client attachment relates to changes in the therapeutic alliance early in treatment. Forty-six outpatients from a university-based community clinic participated. Attachment status was assessed with the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) prior to beginning treatment. Participants rated therapeutic alliance after an evaluation feedback session and again early in psychotherapy. Fearful insecurity was associated with declines in therapeutic alliance, while attachment security was associated with increasing client–therapist bonds. Although unrelated to global alliance, preoccupied insecurity was associated with greater confident collaboration at both time points and declines in idealized relationship from the evaluation to the early therapy time point. Results are discussed in light of prior theoretical formulations and previous research. Limitations of the study are reviewed, implications for clinical practice are noted, and suggestions for future research are made. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message Assessing client attachment status can provide clinicians with information that helps them identify clients at risk for difficulties establishing a therapeutic alliance. Clients high in attachment security are more likely to develop strong bonds with therapists during the early portion of treatment. Clients high in fearful insecurity are at risk for developing weaker alliances early in treatment. Such clients appear more likely to experience declines in client–therapist bond, goal-task agreement and overall alliance early in the treatment process. Clients high in preoccupied insecurity may enter therapy with great confidence in the therapist and willing to engage in therapy but report more conflicts with therapists in the early phase of treatment.
An Explanation for Reflex Blink Hyperexcitability in Parkinson’s Disease. I. Superior Colliculus

Hyperexcitable reflex blinks are a cardinal sign of Parkinson’s disease. We investigated the neural circuit through which a loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) leads to increased reflex blink excitability. Through its inhibitory inputs to the thalamus, the basal ganglia could modulate the brainstem reflex blink circuits via descending cortical projections. Alternatively, with its inhibitory input to the superior colliculus, the basal ganglia could regulate brainstem reflex blink circuits via tecto-reticular projections. Our study demonstrated that the basal ganglia utilizes its GABAergic input to the superior colliculus to modulate reflex blinks. In rats with previous unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the dopamine neurons of the SNc, we found that microinjections of bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, into the superior colliculus of both alert and anesthetized rats eliminated the reflex blink hyperexcitability associated with dopamine depletion. In normal, alert rats, decreasing the basal ganglia output to the superior colliculus by injecting muscimol, a GABA agonist, into the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) markedly reduced blink amplitude. Finally, brief trains of microstimulation to the superior colliculus reduced blink amplitude. Histological analysis revealed that effective muscimol microinjection and microstimulation sites in the superior colliculus overlapped the nigro-tectal projection from the basal ganglia. These data support models of Parkinsonian symtomatology that rely on changes in the inhibitory drive from basal ganglia output structures. Moreover, they support a model of Parkinsonian reflex blink hyperexcitability in which the SNr–SC target projection is critical.
Mind and morality.

The author suggests that theory of mind can help the moral developmental field uncover children's concepts of persons and psychological systems. Conversely, moral developmental theory can help theory of mind move toward nonreductionistic theorizing and research.
AN ENERGETIC COMPARISON BETWEEN VALVELESS AND VALVE CONTROLLED ACTIVE VIBRATION DAMPING FOR OFF-ROAD VEHICLES

This paper presents a comparison of the energetic consumption of a valveless and a valve controlled active oscillation damping system for off-road machinery. Today only passive oscillation damping systems are subject to off-road machine series production. These systems offer the advantage of no additional primary energy use for damping. However, the disadvantages are the high costs and no adaptation possibility to the operating parameters. The recent developments where valve controlled linear actuators have been used for active damping had to face several problems with too low dynamics of today’s implemented control valves and the high additional energy need. These disadvantages can be avoided by using valveless linear actuators for working functions and for active damping. In fact, throttling losses are omitted and, energy recovery is possible. It will be shown based on measurement and simulation results that a suitable damping quality can be achieved with valveless linear actuators. Therefore, some aspects of the controller design will be given. Hereby, a simple acceleration sensor and standard control hardware are used. The main part will describe the energetic modelling, whereby especially precise pump loss models have been developed. The energy consumption of both systems performing active damping is compared in detail.
The Importance of Terrestrial Dispersal for Connectivity Among Headwater Salamander Populations

Many organisms are primarily constrained to the channels of the upstream terminus of river networks with limited capacities for both in-stream and overland dispersal. Dispersal is believed to contribute to gene flow and the demographic stability of headwater populations. While assumed, the importance of overland dispersal to gene flow is largely unexplored in headwater salamanders. Six microsatellite markers were used to assess patterns of genetic population structure for a headwater salamander, Desmognathus fuscus. Tissue samples were collected using a nested hierarchical study design, which specifically addressed the contribution of overland movements to the genetic connectivity of headwater populations. Genetic divergence was significant among all populations (Fst = 0.027–0.405) and at all hierarchical spatial scales. However, lower degrees of genetic population structure were observed among proximal streams that shared no downstream hydrologic connections. Mantel tests indicated a significant relation...
Speech recognition using the modulation model

A set of features and classification metric based on the modulation model (MM) for speech recognition are presented. The MM decomposes speech into amplitude and frequency modulated components. Computer simulations are presented that demonstrate the robustness to aging of the MM-based features when these features are employed for speech recognition. >
Intestinal ion transport in NKCC1-deficient mice.

The Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) located on the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelia has been postulated to be the major basolateral Cl− entry pathway. With targeted mutagenesis, mice ...
Efficient Conversion of Astrocytes to Functional Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Using a Single Polycistronic Vector

Direct cellular reprogramming is a powerful new tool for regenerative medicine. In efforts to understand and treat Parkinson's Disease (PD), which is marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, direct reprogramming provides a valuable new source of these cells. Astrocytes, the most plentiful cells in the central nervous system, are an ideal starting population for the direct generation of dopaminergic neurons. In addition to their potential utility in cell replacement therapies for PD or in modeling the disease in vitro, astrocyte-derived dopaminergic neurons offer the prospect of direct in vivo reprogramming within the brain. As a first step toward this goal, we report the reprogramming of astrocytes to dopaminergic neurons using three transcription factors – ASCL1, LMX1B, and NURR1 – delivered in a single polycistronic lentiviral vector. The process is efficient, with 18.2±1.5% of cells expressing markers of dopaminergic neurons after two weeks. The neurons exhibit expression profiles and electrophysiological characteristics consistent with midbrain dopaminergic neurons, notably including spontaneous pacemaking activity, stimulated release of dopamine, and calcium oscillations. The present study is the first demonstration that a single vector can mediate reprogramming to dopaminergic neurons, and indicates that astrocytes are an ideal starting population for the direct generation of dopaminergic neurons.
Assessment of Intelligence Complexity in Embedded Intelligent Real Time Systems

Intelligent systems and their applications are proliferating. Embedded Intelligent Real-Time Systems (EIRTS) are one type of intelligent system. Defining and measuring the complexity of this kind of system may help with better design, development, maintenance, and performance of EIRTS. In this paper, we propose a set of evaluation criteria to measure the complexity of Embedded Intelligent Real-Time Systems (EIRTS). We show an operationalization of the criteria with a sample EIRTS. 1. INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS Many next generation real-time systems are expected to be large, complex, distributed, intelligent, and able to operate in increasingly uncertain environments (Grosv & Davis, 1994; Stoyen, Marlowe, Younis, and Petrov, 1999). These real-time systems must be intelligent and flexible enough to react and respond quickly to changing and unexpected system conditions, must evolve over time as requirements change, and must keep development, testing, and verification costs low. Embedded Intelligent Real-Time Systems (EIRTS) are one example of such systems. EIRTS process data quickly, reason about the processed data, and use the results to provide decision support, system monitoring, or system management capabilities. EIRTS have been deployed in a wide range of systems to solve complex problems, to speed up data processing, and to enhance system reliability and usability. One of these deployment areas is the realm of safety-critical large-scale systems. Examples of these systems include intelligent highway systems, nuclear power plants, vessel traffic control systems, distributed manufacturing systems, battle management, and patient monitoring systems. Successful measurement and interpretation of complexity in intelligent systems can assist with the development of more reliable and safer systems, significantly reduced cost of maintenance, and better design and performance for both the EIRTS and for the large-scale safety-critical systems within which they are embedded. In this study, we focus on assessing the complexity of EIRTS deployed in safety-critical large-scale systems. We start with a literature review as background to this research. After proposing a set of evaluation criteria, we operationalize the set with a sample EIRTS. The last section includes conclusions and contributions of this study and a conference presentation plan.
Upper airway function during maximal exercise in horses with obstructive upper airway lesions. Effect of surgical treatment.

Upper airway pressure was measured during maximal exercise in 10 Thoroughbred racehorses with naturally occurring upper airway obstruction. Left laryngeal hemiplegia and arytenoid chondropathy resulted in substantial increases (30–40 cm H2O) in inspiratory upper airway pressure (P1), whereas complicated aryepiglottic entrapment and subepiglottic cysts produced only modest increases (15 cm H2O) in P. Uncomplicated aryepiglottic entrapment and grade IV pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia produced only slight increases (3–5 cm H2O). In general, surgical procedures restored airway pressures to within normal limits. Subtotal arytenoidectomy improved but did not normalize airway pressures in horses with arytenoid chondropathy. Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia appeared to have little effect on upper airway function.
A high ratio of plasma and platelets to packed red blood cells in the first 6 hours of massive transfusion improves outcomes in a large multicenter study.

Abstract Background In trauma, most hemorrhagic deaths occur within the first 6 hours. This study examined the effect on survival of high ratios of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and platelets (PLTs) to packed red blood cells (PRBCs) in the first 6 hours. Methods Records of 466 massive transfusion trauma patients (≥10 U of PRBCs in 24 hours) at 16 level 1 trauma centers were reviewed. Transfusion ratios in the first 6 hours were correlated with outcome. Results All groups had similar baseline characteristics. Higher 6-hour ratios of FFP:PRBCs and PLTs:PRBCs lead to improved 6-hour mortality (from 37.3 [in the lowest ratio group] to 15.7 [in the middle ratio group] to 2.0% [in the highest ratio group] and 22.8% to 19.0% to 3.2%, respectively) and in-hospital mortality (from 54.9 to 41.1 to 25.5% and 43.7% to 46.8% to 27.4%, respectively). Initial higher ratios of FFP:PRBCs and PLTs:PRBCs decreased overall PRBC transfusion. Conclusions The early administration of high ratios of FFP and platelets improves survival and decreases overall PRBC need in massively transfused patients. The largest difference in mortality occurs during the first 6 hours after admission, suggesting that the early administration of FFP and platelets is critical.
Model-based ternary phase-amplitude feature correlation filters

Ternary phase-amplitude filters (encoding only -1, 0, and +1 modulation values) have been designed to respond to geometric features oftargetobjectsin scenes, forexample thewhecls on atruck. The filtersarebasedongenenc models involving only a few parameters, whose adjustment allows the model to be matched to different instances ofthe feature (e.g., different size wheels). The formulation ofthe model-based filtersand theircorrelation performance usingrealistic images ofvehicles in clutter backgrounds willbepresented. Candidatepost-processing approaches to exploitthe correlation results fortargetrecognition will be discussed.
Perceptions of masculinity and self-image in adolescent and young adult testicular cancer survivors: implications for romantic and sexual relationships.

Objective To examine adolescent and young adult (AYA) testicular cancer survivors’ subjective understanding of the impact of cancer in adolescence and young adulthood, with a particular emphasis on romantic and sexual relationships.
A Reinterpretation of the Staminate Flowers of Haptanthus

Haptanthus hazletii is an enigmatic broad-leaved angiosperm of uncertain affinities. Previous research indicated that the staminate flowers had a morphology unique within the angiosperms, consisting of a single stamen with latrorse dehiscence. Re-examination of the morphology and anatomy of the staminate flowers does not support this interpretation but shows that the two elliptic flattened structures bearing the anthers are atop a solid pedicel-like stalk and are appressed to one another. These structures can be interpreted as either tepals with adnate bilocular introrse stamens or as foliose introrse stamens, either interpretation being unlike conventional floral structures. The anatomy of the flower reveals a siphonostele in the pedicel that divides into two arcuate traces supplying the anther-bearing structures. The vascular bundle runs up between the thecae giving off small branches to them; it terminates towards the apex of the flattened structure. Each theca is surrounded internally by massive tissue with endothecial thickenings. The unusual combination of floral characters does not easily fit into any known group, although the suite of characters indicates that the genus is probably amongst the basal eudicots, perhaps near Buxaceae.
The Russian Banking Sector in Q3 2013

In Q3 2013, the banking sector faced a shortage of customer resources. The major source of liabilities became refinancing on the part of the Bank of Russia and MinFin’s deposits. Meanwhile, by results of the lending market’s performance in Q3, it was for the first time this year that lending to corporate borrowers consumed volume of resources greater than loans to individuals.
On the Nature and Specificity of DNA-Protein Interactions in the Regulation of Gene Expression

In this paper we describe a number of approaches to the nature and specificity of DNA-protein interactions involved in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. We discuss primarily the binding of “single-specific-site” regulatory proteins to DNA targets. This involves consideration of several aspects of the specificity of DNA-protein interactions, including: (i) the combinatorial specification of the number of base pairs required to define a unique binding site in a genome of given size; (ii) the structure of DNA and protein binding sites, including structural complementarity and steric aspects; (iii) the energetics of the binding interaction, including both specific and nonspecific binding; (iv) the thermodynamics and kinetics of the overall interaction, as determined by the net binding free energy of specific complex formation and the effects of competing sites; and (v) equilibrium binding selection, which determines the actual level of saturation of the specific (regulatory) target under various environmental conditions. These aspects are all interdependent, and a coherent picture of the specificity of such interactions can only be obtained by considering them all in context. Such an approach has been set forth by us previously in von Hippel and Berg (1986), and portions of this overview are taken directly from that treatment. In conclusion, we consider how these ideas modulate the evolutionary “design” of regulatory proteins, as well as the formulation of purification procedures and binding assays for these proteins, and how these approaches may apply in vivo.
From the continuum to large cardinals

Continuity is one of the most important concepts of mathematics and physics. This has been recognized since the time of Euclid and Archimedes, but it has also been understood that continuity raises awkward questions about infinity. To measure certain geometric quantities, such as the diagonal of the unit square, or the area of a parabolic segment, involves infinite processes such as forming an infinite sum of rational numbers. For a long time, it was hoped that “actual” infinity could be avoided, and that the necessary uses of infinity could be reduced to “potential” form, in which infinity is merely approached, but never reached. This hope vanished in the 19th century, with discoveries of Dedekind and Cantor. Dedekind defined the points on the number line via infinite sets of rational numbers, and Cantor proved that these points form an uncountable infinity—one that is actual and not merely potential. Cantor’s discovery was part of his theory of infinity that we now call set theory, at the heart of which is the discovery that most of the theory of real numbers, real functions, and measure takes place in the world of actual infinity. So, actual infinity underlies much of mathematics and physics as we know it today. In the 20th century, as Cantor’s set theory was systematically developed, we learned that the concept of measure is in fact entangled with questions about the entire universe of infinite sets. Thus the awkward questions raised by Euclid and Archimedes explode into huge questions about actual infinity.
Modeling Exchange Rate Pass-Through after Large Devaluations

Large devaluations are generally associated with large declines in real exchange rates. We develop a model which embodies two complementary forces that account for the large declines in the real exchange rate that occur in the aftermath of large devaluations. The first force is sticky nontradable goods prices. The second force is the impact of real shocks that often accompany large devaluations. We argue that sticky nontradable goods prices generally play an important role in explaining post-devaluation movements in real exchange rates. However, real shocks can sometimes be primary drivers of real exchange rate movements.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the effortful swallow.

Objective:The effortful swallow was designed to improve posterior mobility of the tongue base and increase intraoral pressures. We characterized the effects of this maneuver via dynamic magnetic re...
A Perception and Mapping Approach for Plume Detection in Payload Directed Flight

Payload Directed Flight (PDF) is a research task under NASA Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate, Fundamental Aeronautics Program, Subsonic Fixed Wing Project. In recent years, the capabilities, cardinality, and utilization of onboard sensor and payload suites have been greatly increasing throughout the aviation industry in various flight applications. Through intelligent coupling between the autopilot, onboard and payload sensors, next generation aircraft can take advantage of greater data availability to better achieve their mission objectives. Whether the objectives are mapping, tracking, or surveillance, the ability to close the loop around payload and non-traditional sensors using intelligent variably-autonomous algorithms enables increased efficiency and performance as well as exciting next-generation capabilities to vehicle platforms. Mapping and surveillance of dynamic and amorphous phenomena remains a difficult problem in the perception area of PDF research. As an example application, this research examines an algorithm for wildfire plume mapping by extending recent work in computer vision and robotic mapping. In a realistic simulation of a plume-tracking mission, results demonstrate that the vehicle was able to successfully map and track a dynamic plume in real-time to approximate visual accuracy.
Simplified Method for Quantifying Sulfur Mustard Adducts to Blood Proteins by Ultrahigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Sulfur mustard binds to reactive cysteine residues, forming a stable sulfur-hydroxyethylthioethyl [SHETE]adduct that can be used as a long-term biomarker of sulfur mustard exposure in humans. The digestion of sulfur mustard-exposed blood samples with proteinase K following total protein precipitation with acetone produces the tripeptide biomarker [S-HETE]-Cys-Pro-Phe. The adducted tripeptide is purified by solid phase extraction, separated by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography, and detected by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. This approach was thoroughly validated and characterized in our laboratory. The average interday relative standard deviation was ≤ 9.49%, and the range of accuracy was between 96.1 and 109% over a concentration range of 3.00 to 250. ng/mL with a calculated limit of detection of1.74 ng/mL. A full 96-well plate can be processed and analyzed in 8 h, which is 5 times faster than our previous 96-well plate method and only requires 50 μL of serum, plasma, or whole blood. Extensive ruggedness and stability studies and matrix comparisons were conducted to create a robust, easily transferrable method. As a result, a simple and high-throughput method has been developed and validated for the quantitation of sulfur mustard blood protein adducts in low volume blood specimens which should be readily adaptable for quantifying human exposures to other alkylating agents.
A “CLARION” Call for Embracing IPE as the Status Quo for Preparing Health Professionals to Engage in Interprofessional Health Research

Complex health conditions and the social-economic determinants that contribute to disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and health inequalities require multifaceted evidence-based interventions that only interprofessional research teams who collaborate across traditional disciplinary lines can generate. Interprofessionally driven and derived research evidence is the method of du jour. Nonetheless as a whole, health professionals who are often members of interprofessional health research teams are products of educational systems wherein they were educated in disciplinary silos. Health professionals that learn about, with, from each other during their foundational education will be better prepared to function as interprofessional research team members. With the impetus of policy-makers, and accrediting bodies as well as support from funders, educational institutions are cautiously adopting interprofessional education (IPE). However, there remains a lack of empirical evidence about the downstream results of IPE, namely health and health systems outcomes. Thus, the IPE arena is ripe with opportunities for health and health services researchers.
Bacterial Genome Editing with CRISPR-Cas9: Deletion, Integration, Single Nucleotide Modification, and Desirable “Clean” Mutant Selection in Clostridium beijerinckii as an Example

CRISPR-Cas9 has been demonstrated as a transformative genome engineering tool for many eukaryotic organisms; however, its utilization in bacteria remains limited and ineffective. Here we explored Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing in Clostridium beijerinckii (industrially significant but notorious for being difficult to metabolically engineer) as a representative attempt to explore CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing in microorganisms that previously lacked sufficient genetic tools. By combining inducible expression of Cas9 and plasmid-borne editing templates, we successfully achieved gene deletion and integration with high efficiency in single steps. We further achieved single nucleotide modification by applying innovative two-step approaches, which do not rely on availability of Protospacer Adjacent Motif sequences. Severe vector integration events were observed during the genome engineering process, which is likely difficult to avoid but has never been reported by other researchers for th...
Resistant Clustering Analysis of Primary Core Collection of Chinese Rice Germplasm to Rice Bacterial Leaf Blight

Resistance of the primary core collection of Chinese rice germplasm (including 203 accessions) to rice bacterial leaf blight was evaluated. There were eight (3.96%) varieties resistant to at least 62.5% of eight tested strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and 188 varieties (92.61%) resistance to less than 50% of the tested strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. According to the results of clustering analysis, japonica rice from the primary core collection could be classified into six groups, the first group including 12 varieties (Tieganwu, et al.) which resistant to OS 198 and JS 49-6 with the resistance spectrums from 25.0% to 62.5%; indica rice could be classified into four groups, the fourth group including 11 varieties (Taizhongxianxuan, et al.) which high resistant to OS 198 with the resistance spectrums from 12.5% to 62.5%.
Research on Application of Real Time Database in Electric Energy Data Acquire System

Aiming at large-scale data collection points and intensive collecting characteristics of power users in our country,the demands on database of electric energy data acquire system are analyzed in the construction of smart grid.The construction plans of real time database in electric energy data acquire system are discussed from the system composition,technical architecture,database deployment,and the construction models etc.The program can ensure the reliability of data collection,enhance the agility of data applications,have universal data interface with plug and play,show the innovative application of data flow,and have the function of unique data nanny.The application of the construction plan is pre-research of implementing time-of-use(TOU) and makes the basis of guiding the social scientific and rational use of electricity.
Introduction and Analysis of Software Method of Rough Road Detection

In this article,the theory of software method of rough road detection was studied.Starting from the principle of influence of rough road on engine roughness,achieve rough road detection by analyzing the negative dection of rough road on engine roughness.At the same time,in order to ensure detect misfire truly,distinguish multiple misfire、continuous misfire from detection of rough road.At last,illustrate goodness and badness detection of rough road.
The ovary in endometrial carcinoma: With notes on the morphological history of the aging ovary

Abstract Routine sections of the ovary from 331 cases of carcinoma of the endometrium were studied, and the findings compared with a control group of approximately the same number and age distribution obtained from selected autopsy material. Sections of the ovary from early infancy to old age obtained at autopsy were also studied with the aid of connective tissue, reticulum and nuclear stains, to determine the changes in the stroma throughout life.