cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Finishing Diet and Enhancement on the Composition and Objective Measures of Tenderness of Honduran Beef

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of finishing diet and enhancement on the composition and objective tenderness of Honduran beef.Materials and MethodsBos indicus cross bred bulls (n = 105) were fed experimental finishing diets in Honduras, consisting of either a traditional grass-finished control (CON; n = 15) or a diet with the inclusion of distiller’s dry grain (DDG; n = 15), palm kernel meal (PKM; n = 15), a PKM replication (PKMR; n = 15), sorghum (SORG; n = 15), soybean meal and corn (SBMC; n = 15), or sugarcane (SC; n = 15). After finishing, cattle were harvested at a commercial beef abattoir in Honduras and chilled for 18 h at 0 to 4°C. Paired strip loins were collected from each carcass. One loin was enhanced (ENH) to 112.5% of green weight with water, 0.5% NaCl, 0.25% sodium tripolyphosphate, and 0.02% maltodextrin, and the other remained untreated and was designated as non-enhanced (NE). Both loins were fabricated into steaks, aged for 21 d, and the second most anterior steak was transported frozen to the Texas Tech University Gordon W. Davis meat science laboratory for slice shear force (SSF), raw ultimate pH, cooked proximate, and cooked sarcomere length analyses. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS (version 9.4, SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with fixed effects of diet, enhancement, and their interaction at a significance level of ɑ = 0.05. Cooking loss was included as a covariate for SSF (P 0.05) on SSF values of steaks from the remaining diets. No interaction was observed (P > 0.05) for raw ultimate pH, cooked sarcomere length, or cooked proximate components. However, pH was influenced (P 0.05). Sorghum and SC had shorter sarcomeres than SBMC (P 0.05) to all other diets. Enhancement had no effect (P ≥ 0.07) on proximate composition; however, fat, protein, moisture, and ash were each impacted by finishing diet (P 0.05) to SBMC. Distiller’s dry grain had a lower (P 0.05). Distiller’s dry grain had greater moisture (P 0.05). Lastly, SORG had the greatest (P 0.05).ConclusionResults from this study indicated that the dietary inputs fed to cattle influence the physiochemical composition of beef. Although enhancement of beef has the potential to reduce slice shear force values and increase ultimate pH, it had no impact on cooked composition of beef.
Patient attitudes toward prenatal diagnostic testing during antenatal care in an urban population.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate factors that influence the decision to accept or decline diagnostic testing for pregnant women referred for genetic counseling. METHODS: Cross sectional anonymous survey of pregnant women undergoing genetic counseling at a tertiary care referral center. Subjects' perceived risk of procedure related loss and fetal chromosomal problem were obtained via survey where patients rated risk from 0 (no risk) to 10 (highest risk). RESULTS: There were no differences in sociodemographic factors between women undergoing a diagnostic procedure compared to those not undergoing a procedure. As the perceived risk for having a baby with genetic problem increased by one point, the estimated odds of having the diagnostic procedure increased by 43% controlling for the perceived risk of procedure related loss (p < .0001). Similarly, as the perceived risk of miscarriage increased by one point, the odds of having the diagnostic procedure decreased by 40%, controlling for the perceived risk of having a baby with a genetic problem (p < .0001). The main reason women cited for not undergoing a procedure was fear of procedure related loss. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women that decline diagnostic testing have a higher perceived risk of procedure related loss and lower perceived risk of fetal chromosomal abnormality than those who accept.
People living with HIV and the emerging field of chronic pain-what is known about epidemiology, etiology, and management.

Chronic pain is common in people living with HIV (PLWH). It causes significant disability and poor HIV outcomes. Despite this, little is understood about its etiology and management. Recent studies suggest that chronic pain in PLWH is caused by inflammation that persists despite viral load suppression. This coupled with central sensitization and psychosocial factors leads to chronic pain that is difficult to manage. PLWH with chronic pain often feel that their pain is incompletely treated, and yet there are few evidence-based options for the management of chronic pain in PLWH. Recent studies suggest that an approach pairing pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacologic therapy may address the complex nature of chronic in PLWH. Chronic pain in PLWH is common yet poorly understood. Further research is needed in order to better understand the etiology of chronic pain and its optimal management.
Fusion of Fully Integrated Analog Machine Learning Classifier with Electronic Medical Records for Real-Time Prediction of Sepsis Onset

ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to develop a fusion artificial intelligence (AI) model that combines patient electronic medical record (EMR) and physiological sensor data to accurately predict early risk of sepsis. The fusion AI model has two components - an on-chip AI model that continuously analyzes patient electrocardiogram (ECG) data and a cloud AI model that combines EMR and prediction scores from on-chip AI model to predict fusion sepsis onset score. The on-chip AI model is designed using analog circuits for sepsis prediction with high energy efficiency for integration with resource constrained wearable device. Combination of EMR and sensor physiological data improves prediction performance compared to EMR or physiological data alone, and the late fusion model has an accuracy of 93% in predicting sepsis 4 hours before onset. The key differentiation of this work over existing sepsis prediction literature is the use of single modality patient vital (ECG) and simple demographic information, instead of comprehensive laboratory test results and multiple vital signs. Such simple configuration and high accuracy makes our solution favorable for real-time, at-home use for self-monitoring.
The Significant Role of Depression in Elderly Patients with Bladder Cancer.

Background Considering the relatively high 5-yr survival rate (76.9%) for bladder cancer (BC), its overall prevalence will probably continue to increase. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of BC diagnosis and management, including psychological sequelae. Objective To determine the prevalence of depression among elderly patients with BC and identify patient characteristics associated with depression. Design setting and participants Survey responses from a population-based sample of 5787 patients older than 65 yr with a history of BC were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey registry, spanning 1999-2014. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis The primary outcome measured is the prevalence of a positive depression screen. Cancer characteristics and demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, and activities of daily living (ADL)-related data were reviewed. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify correlation between a positive depression screen and patient characteristics. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of depression. Results and limitations The prevalence of a positive depression screen was 14.0%. Poor general health (p < 0.001), impairment of ADL (p < 0.001), greater number of comorbidities (p < 0.001), and income <$30 000 (p < 0.001) were identified as correlates of depression. Univariate analysis found no association between a positive depression screen and time since the initial cancer diagnosis (p = 0.858) or cancer stage (p = 0.90). Multivariate analysis showed higher levels of education (p = 0.0097), increasing age (p = 0.0027), and marriage (p < 0.0001) were protective against the development of depression. Limitations include the lack of consideration of treatment outcomes and whether patients have active disease or only a history of cancer. Conclusions Depression affects a substantial percentage (14%) of elderly patients with BC. Poor general health and impaired ability to complete ADL were the greatest risk factors for depression. Acknowledgment of sociodemographic factors may improve awareness of depression in patients with BC and a potential need for psychosocial support. Patient summary Depression affects a significant proportion of patients with bladder cancer. Social and demographic factors influence a patient's risk of depression. Acknowledgment of these factors may improve the detection of depression and a possible need for intervention.
Coalitional literacies of digital safety and solidarity: A white paper on nextGEN international listserv

Abstract nextGEN, a listserv and advocacy collective founded and maintained by graduate students across the international field of writing studies, 1 kairotically begun in response to controversial interactions on the WPA-Listserv in March 2018 (Laughner, 2019; “Where We Are,” 2020; Beare, 2021). Following the release of Vershawn Ashanti Young's 2019 CCCC Call for Papers, the backlash on WPA-L discussed, and in many ways perpetuated, the on-going racialized, linguistic discrimination within writing studies, writ large. As graduate students contributed to these conversations, this situation clearly illustrated their systemic dismissal from disciplinary conversations. In this white paper, we highlight four tactical strategies used by nextGEN since its inception to demonstrate the importance of coalitional literacies in digital advocacy spaces. Finally, we conclude by briefly looking forward to future challenges and possibilities for the next generation of nextGEN. Overall, we offer this argument as a “white paper” because it is our–the authors–understanding and situating of the systemic problems that defined the emergence and early work of nextGEN. 2 We offer readers a specific history, scholarly framework, and model for building and sustaining an international listserv and advocacy space for and by graduate students through coalitional literacies of digital safety and solidarity.
Thermodynamic Linkage and Nonlinear Regression Analysis: A Molecular Basis for Modeling Biomacromolecular Processes

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the way biochemical processes, such as the enzyme kinetics of homogeneous and heterogeneous preparations, as well as functional properties of proteins, such as solubility, colloidal stability, and gelation, can be thermodynamically linked to the addition of various cosolutes. The quantitation of this linkage process yields equilibrium constants for the interaction of these cosolutes with the biomacromolecular property via nonlinear regression analysis. In the biochemical area, the variation of enzyme kinetics with substrates, cofactors, mono and divalent salts, as well as various inhibitors and activators has been used as a model for in vitro studies of metabolic pathways. However, in many instances, these compete with one another for activation or inhibition sites on the enzyme and may also form complexes with each other. In some cases, cosolutes must complex before the activation of the enzyme can occur. Hence, a complex and cumbersome network of cooperative interactions exists in biologically active processes. These interactions must be quantified by the biochemist before relevant changes in the enzyme structure, through genetic engineering, or by the addition of other cosolutes such as drugs can be successfully accomplished.
Global Atmospheric Chemistry of Reactive Hydrocarbons

Publisher Summary The chemistry of the global troposphere is controlled by its most abundant hydrocarbon, methane. Ozone can be considered to be the principal product of tropospheric chemistry, and understanding the relative importance of the two main sources of ozone in the troposphere—transport from the stratosphere versus local photochemistry—is one of the major problems in atmospheric chemistry. A critical nitrogen oxide NOx concentration exists below which ozone is consumed and above which ozone is produced. Although the chemistry of the background troposphere is controlled by CH4 and its oxidation product CO, a number of other organic species play important roles in global-scale chemistry. These include alkane molecules—with lifetimes longer than a few days—acetone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate.
A novel approach to real time multimedia forwarding over heterogeneous networks

The Internet today is a heterogeneous network, and its bi-directional connectivity property is impaired by various network agents, such as Network Address Translators (NAT) and HTTP proxy servers. With the rapid growth of the Internet, users are increasingly seeking real-time video communication services which mostly require bi-directional connections. To meet this requirement, we propose a novel approach for transmitting real-time multimedia data over heterogeneous networks. The key idea is to design a multimedia gateway to forward audio/video streams between clients in different types of networks. This paper describes the methods for bi-directional communications between various network hosts, and introduces a multimedia gateway prototype. Experiments show that real-time video communication can work well with the proposed gateway in heterogeneous environments. The proposed approach is very suitable for corporate intranet users and Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) users.
The role of the fetal back in atypical occiput posterior positions

Abstract 1. 1. Two cases of occiput posterior positions are reported in which the occiput occupied the opposed side of the maternal pelvis from the fetal back. 2. 2. Successful rotation in each case described an are greater than 180 degrees toward the side of the fetal back. 3. 3. The importance of recognizing the position of the fetal back before embarking upon operative rotation is emphasized.
Financial Disclosure and Speculative Bubbles: An International Test of Asymmetry

This paper applies two tests of asymmetry to examine if the quality of a country's financial disclosure system affects the likelihood of speculative bubbles. We examine the hypothesis that stock prices of firms in countries with a low level of financial disclsoure are more likely to experience bubbles. The countries, ranked in order of disclosure levels, are the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, Japan, Germany, and Switzerland (Saudagaran and Biddle (1992)). The findings based on the third-order Markov chain test suggest the presence of asymmetry in dollar-denominated quarterly real returns of Japan, a country with a relatively low level of disclosure. The asymmetric pattern is due to the non-random walk return pattern of Japan. The results based on the time reversibility test indicate that monthly real returns in both dollar-denominated and local currencies of Germany increase slower than they decrease. Such "slow-up and fast-down" dynamic is consistent with the presence of a bubble.
A Framework for Context-Sensitive Coordination of Human Interruptions in Human-Computer Interaction

Recent trends in software development directed toward intelligence, distribution, and mobility need to be followed by an increased sophistication in user interface design. Employment of theoretically sound methods for managing and coordinating complex information, and supporting graceful switching between tasks is especially critical for information-intensive and safety-critical tasks. This paper presents a framework for computer- mediated coordination of human interruptions. As a basis for the framework a new Interruption Taxonomy is outlined to categorize a variety of traceable information needed to exhaustively describe the context space. An exploratory user study is underway to calibrate the kind of benefit gained with the formulated Interruption Model. The expressiveness of the proposed Interruption Model is demonstrated by concretizing the general approach using the particularities of the selected problem domain. The initial results have shown that taxonomy-based coordination of interruption resulted in statistically significant improvement of the primary task resumption time.
High School Employment and Youths' Academic Achievement

This paper asks whether employment during high school impacts youths' grade point average. Unlike much of the prior literature, it allows for the endogeneity of the hours and dropout decisions, uses ASVAB test scores, and tests whether youth employment is dynamic. The results indicate that high school employment and its lag have small, negative impacts on academic grade point average for both males and females. The hours effects diminish when a fixed person effect is included, and they become statistically insignificant when hours are instrumented.
Immunological release of histamine and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis from human lung : I. Modulation by agents influencing cellular levels of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.

The sensitization of human lung with atopic serum is both time and temperature dependent. Highly purified IgE myeloma protein is capable of blocking sensitization of human lung with atopic serum whereas myeloma proteins of the IgG subgroups are inactive. Drugs capable of increasing cellular levels of CAMP such as beta-adrenergic agents and methylxanthines inhibit the antigen-induced release of both histamine and SRS-A from human lung and these agents demonstrate synergism when used together. The beta-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, prevents epinephrine-induced inhibition of the immunologic release of the mediators. Diethylcarbamazine also inhibits the antigen-induced release of histamine and SRS-A from human lung and a synergism between this drug and epinephrine is observed. Predominantly alpha-adrenergic stimulation achieved by combining propranolol with epinephrine or norepinephrine not only prevented the inhibitory activity of the sympathomimetic amines but also resulted in an enhanced release of histamine and SRS-A. These observations suggest that whereas increases in cellular levels of CAMP are inhibitory, decreases in cellular levels of CAMP enhance the antigen-induced release of the mediators.
Round and round gets you somewhere: collective cell migration and planar polarity in elongating Drosophila egg chambers

Planar polarity is a developmental mechanism wherein individual cell behaviors are coordinated across a two-dimensional plane. A great deal of attention has been paid to the roles that the Frizzled/Strabismus and Fat/Dachsous signaling pathways play in this process; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that planar polarity can also be generated through alternate mechanisms. This review focuses on an unconventional form of planar polarity found within the follicular epithelium of the Drosophila egg chamber that helps to create the elongated shape of the egg. We highlight recent studies showing that the planar polarity in this system arises through collective migration of the follicle cells and the resulting rotational motion of the egg chamber.
Isaacs' syndrome: Clinical and electrophysiological response to gabapentin

A patient with Isaacs' syndrome had generalized muscle spasms, twitching, and progressive muscle stiffness for 21 years. Electrodiagnostic study showed continuous spontaneous motor-unit activity and the presence of M-wave afterdischarges. He responded dramatically to treatment with carbamazepine but developed a drug rash; his treatment was changed to gabapentin with continued improvement. Subsequent nerve conduction studies showed decreased amplitude and later an absence of M-wave afterdischarges. Gabapentin thus appears to be an effective treatment for Isaacs' syndrome. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Automated electroencephalographic analysis as a prognostic indicator in stroke.

A method of automated electroencephalographic (e.e.g.) analysis has been developed. Patients suffering from cerebrovascular accidents (c.v.a.) were tested and up to six serial e.e.g.s were obtained from each. The quantified e.e.g. parameters showed changes which preceded associated clinical changes by nearly four weeks. With this method quantifiable parameters have been demonstrated to be effective clinical measures not only of ongoing e.e.g. activity, but also of impending clinical changes in the patient's condition.
Hoshin kanri and critical success factors in quality management and lean production

Hoshin kanri (HK) is a management methodology commonly practiced in Japan. It co-evolved in the 1960s with concepts and practices associated with total quality management (TQM) and lean production as a way to focus the organisation, align goals and plans among all levels and functions, integrate objectives and strategies into daily operations, and review progress to facilitate learning. Although some respected sources consider HK as a component of TQM/lean production (QM/LP), for the most part HK has been relatively ignored by Western academics and practitioners. This paper surveys the empirical literature to show that, among the factors found to be related to successful implementation and sustainment of QM/LP initiatives, many of them are contained within HK methodology and practices. The paper discusses how HK addresses these factors, ponders the reasons for Westerners' ignorance of or lack of interest in HK, and offers suggestions for future research.
New system for activation analysis with thick-target, 110-MeV electron bremsstrahlung

Abstract We present a new approach to photon bombardment by means of a pneumatic transfer system of original design. The rabbit is an aluminum sphere — carrying four sample capsules — which is supported at the irradiation position by an air upstream; this air flow also cools the sphere and induces it to spin, thus helping to achieve homogeneous bombardments. We first study the scarce theoretical and semi-empirical photon angular distribution information available for thick-target, high-energy electron bremsstrahlung, to assess qualitatively its bearing on the performance of our system; we then describe experiments that confirm this assessment and provide a quantitative measure of the sphere's satisfactory operation.
Family assessment: Systems theory and the genogram

General systems theory principles are used as a basis for assessment of a family system. The genogram is developed as a clear diagrammatic method of obtaining relevant information. Family genograms are demonstrated from case histories and the systems theoretical approach is utilized to interpret information. It is suggested that adoption of this assessment method will promote holistic health care for a child and his/her family.
Substrate preference of eastern red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus: A comparison of deciduous and coniferous substrates

Forest tree composition can affect the distribution and abundance of terrestrial salamanders. We examined the effect of leaf litter type (deciduous or coniferous) and soil type (deciduous and coniferous) on red-backed salamander ( Plethodon cinereus ) substrate choice using a series of laboratory experiments. Salamanders preferred deciduous leaves over coniferous pine needles and the deciduous soil/deciduous leaf litter combination over all others. In addition, our results suggest that leaf litter type may be more important than soil type in influencing salamander substrate preference in our study. Our results suggest that behavioural avoidance may partially explain differences in P. cinereus abundances in deciduous and coniferous forest habitats.
Branching ratios of the A2+ meson observed in 7 GeV/c π+p interactions

Abstract The observed branching fractions of the A 2 + produced in the reaction π + p→A 2 + p at 7 GeV/ c and decaying to ϱπ, ηπ, K K and η′π are presented. The data show no convincing evidence for the decay A 2 + → η ′ π + , the branching fraction being less than 3%. For the other decay modes the values obtained for ϱπ, ηπ and K K are 0.744 ± 0.029, 0.183 ± 0.026 and 0.072 ± 0.012 respectively.
Scheduling with QoS in parallel I/O systems

Parallel I/O architectures are increasingly deployed for high performance computing and in shared data centers. In these environments it is desirable to provide QoS-based allocation of disk bandwidth to different applications sharing the I/O system. In this paper, we introduce a model of disk bandwidth allocation, and provide efficient scheduling algorithms to assign the bandwidth among the concurrent applications.
Potassium-Uranium Systematics of Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 Samples: Implications for Lunar Material History

Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 lunar rock suites differ in their potassium-uranium abundance systematics. This difference indicates that relatively little exchange of regolith material has occurred between Mare Tranquillitatis and Oceanus Procellarum. The two suites appear to have been derived from materials of identical potassium and uranium content. It appears unlikely that bulk lunar material has the ratio of potassium to uranium found in chondrites. However, systematic differences in the potassium-uranium ratio between Apollo samples and crustal rocks of the earth do not preclude a common potassium-uranium ratio for bulk earth and lunar material.
MULTIBAND-96: A PROGRAM FOR VARIABLE-BANDWIDTH PROGRESSION OPTIMIZATION OF MULTIARTERIAL TRAFFIC NETWORKS

Progression schemes are widely used for traffic signal control in urban arterial streets. Commonly available programs such as the MAXBAND or PASSER programs use the traditional approach, which consists of a uniform bandwidth design for each arterial. The multiband criterion, on the other hand, has the ability to adapt the progressions to the specific characteristics of each link in the network and thus obtain improved performance. The development and application of the multiband signal optimization scheme in multiarterial grid networks are described. The MULTIBAND-96 model optimizes all the signal control variables, including phase lengths, offsets, cycle time, and phase sequences, and generates variable bandwidth progressions on each arterial in the network. It uses the MINOS mathematical programming package for the optimization and offers considerable advantages compared with existing models. Simulation results using TRAF-NETSIM are given.
Late onset iatrogenic limb ischaemia after deployment of an Angio-Seal vascular closure device.

It is common practice to deploy a vascular closure device for access site closure after percutaneous angiography or cardiovascular interventions for immediate haemostasis and to facilitate early discharge. We encountered two octogenarian women who underwent and had subsequent vascular access site closure with Angio-Seal (St Jude) and who later presented with limb ischaemia needing surgical revascularisation. Our patients had undergone uneventful deployment of the Angio-Seal vascular closure device (VCD) at the right common femoral artery (CFA) access site with successful haemostasis. About 3 weeks later they presented with features of limb ischaemia needing further diagnostic work-up including repeat angiography, which revealed subtotal occlusion of right common femoral artery at the level of prior access and Angio-Seal deployment site. Both the patients underwent successful surgical repair with restoration of distal flow and resolution of symptoms. These cases illustrate the late presentation of VCD-related complications with limb ischaemia, needing surgical revascularisation.
Observation of linewidth narrowing in erbium-doped silicon nitride coupled to photonic crystal nanobeam cavities

One-dimensional nanobeam photonic crystal cavities are fabricated in an Er-doped amorphous silicon nitride layer. Photoluminescence from the cavities is studied at cryogenic and room temperatures at different optical pump powers.
Meson-nucleon interaction in the (1010÷1012) eV energy range

Twenty-nine charged and ten neutral secondary interactions with dip angle <77° were located in nuclear emulsion by scanning the inner cone of the primary interaction of charged and neutral jets of energy ~ 1012 eV per nucleon. The angular distributions of the shower particles of these secondary events are presented. The angular distributions of these secondary events have been transferred into a system in which they are roughly symmetric. The measurements made include the energy determination of the secondaries, the multiplicities of the showers, the inelasticity of the collision, their anisotropy, slopes of their Duller and Walker diagrams and the characteristics of their angular distribution in the center of mass system. Analysis of individual as well as of composite events shows that the angular distribution of the shower particles for charged and neutral secondaries at an energy range of (1010÷1012) eV is anisotropic in the center of mass system, the anisotropy increasing with the increase of energy. The detailed analysis of individual and composite events also shows that the angular distribution in c.m.s. of the shower particles of charged secondary events is given by a « twocenter » model, for all values of σ ≥ 0.40, whereas in the case of neutral secondaries the angular distribution is also given by a « two-center » model but perhaps for events with a slightly higher value of σ than shown by charged secondaries.
Application of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation of deuterium and hydrogen analogs of aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract Substitution of hydrogen by deuterium in aromatic hydrocarbons can alter various properties significantly. Benzene, toluene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, biphenyl and durene are separated from their deuterium analogs by reversed-phase (C 18 liquid chromatography with acetonitrile/water mobile phases and ultraviolet detection. Deuterium compounds always elute before the hydrogen analog; possible explanations are given. The elution pattern and retention times of anthracene and phenanthrene were unchanged when D 2 O replaced H 2 O as the mobile phase component.
The effect of ethanol and aging on the transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid into the brain

Abstract A significant decrease in brain/plasma ratio (b/p) of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AAIB) was found in mice while blood ethanol concentrations were above 100 mg/100 ml blood. This decrease, in comparison with saline-treated controls, was present whether ethanol was administered by gastric intubation or by intraperitoneal injection. In animals fed diets containing 35% of calories in the form of ethanol for 4 months and in their sucrose- and laboratory chow-fed controls, no persistent decrease in b/p was found 2 weeks after the discontinuation of ethanol. There was no significant difference in b/p ratio among groups of mice ranging in ages from 4 to 14 months.
Waves associated with quasi-parallel shocks: Generation, mode conversion and implications

Ions that are energized at quasi-parallel collisionless shocks and move back upstream generate low-frequency waves, largely on the fast/magnetosonic branch. At sufficient Mach number, the waves are convected back into the shock, lead to shock re-formation, and are mode-converted into downstream (magnetosheath) Alfvenic turbulence. Other waves are generated more locally at the interface of the incoming solar wind and the partially thermalized plasma. This paper reviews how recent simulation studies of collisionless shocks in conjunction with linear kinetic theory and proper wave diagnostics have aided in our understanding of the upstream and magnetosheath waves.
Angular distribution of ejected electrons in resonant Auger processes of Ar, Kr, and Xe

Angle-resolved electron spectroscopy with the help of synchrotron radiation has been used to study resonant Auger processes near the core shells of Ar 2p, Kr 3d, and Xe 4d. Results for the lowest-energy resonances have received special attention: argon (Ar 2p/sub 3/2/..-->..4s) at a photon energy of 244.4 eV, krypton (Kr 3d/sub 5/2/..-->..5p) at 91.2 eV, and xenon (Xe 4d/sub 5/2/..-->..6p) at 65.1 eV. The angular distribution parameters ..beta.. are evaluated for each of the resolved Auger peaks. Most striking is the occurrence of large negative ..beta.. values for some of the higher kinetic energy peaks. The results are most apparent under high electron resolution. The theoretical basis for having ..beta.. values near -1 is discussed. In particular, the experimental results for argon are found to be in general agreement with the prediction of -1 ..beta.. values by using either angular momentum transfer theory or normal Auger theory. However, a better understanding of the range of ..beta.. values will have to await explicit calculations. Experimental results on the Auger spectra are also given at lower kinetic energies, for shakeup states, and for higher-energy resonances, especially those involving vacancies in the core shells of the lower spin states. It is shownmore » that, although transitions having the same final state of the singly charged ion frequently have similar relative intensities and ..beta.. values, occasionally they differ quite markedly. The theoretical consequences of variant behavior for processes having the same final states are also discussed.« less
"Just be respectful of the primary doc": teaching mutual respect as a dimension of teamwork in general pediatrics.

Abstract Objective Although others have reported on teamwork training, little is known about what pediatric residents in inpatient settings learn implicitly about respectful working relationships with community-based general pediatricians. The purpose of this brief report is to examine how pediatric residents on an inpatient general pediatric rotation regard "the other" (community-based general pediatricians), and how academic, hospital-based general pediatric attending physicians respond. Methods We conducted a case study on one general pediatrics floor, which entailed 143 hours of observation over 8 months (January to August 2006), as well as in-depth interviews with 25 residents and 14 general pediatric attending physicians whom we observed as they worked on the floor. Data were derived from >1000 pages of field notes and interview transcripts. We systematically reviewed the data and inductively derived codes related to explicit and implicit education. In this brief report, we focused our analysis on data relevant to the concept of boundary crossing: when members of the group talk about members of another group in the process of inquiring about or negotiating patient care. Results Residents' comments tended to reveal a neutral or somewhat negative regard for their general pediatric community counterparts, whom they typically referred to as PMDs (primary medical doctors). Attending physicians' responses to these comments varied, but often explicitly taught residents about dimensions of teamwork, including mutual respect. Conclusions Explicit teamwork training in pediatric education should not be limited to partnering with other disciplines or other specialties, but expanded to enhance positive regard and mutual respect for general pediatricians in hospital- and community-based settings alike. Attending physicians in general pediatrics are ideally positioned to implicitly teach respectful working relationships within the specialty.
The sequence of changes in testicular responsiveness to HCG stimulation and FSH priming in rats during sexual maturation

Testicular responsiveness to HCG alone and with FSH priming in intact rats of 26,35,45,56,65 and 76 days of age has been systematically investigated. Circulating levels of testosterone and its two potent androgenic metabolites, 5α-dihydrotestosterone(DHT) and 3α,5α-androstanediol(Adiol)before and after various doses of HCG (10,20 and 40 IU per 100 g b.w.) were taken as the index of testicular responsiveness and measured by radioimmunoassay. The effects of FSH priming before HCG administration were also studied. Testicular responsiveness to HCG progressively increased during maturation recording maximum (average 4600% of the basal values) at age 35 and 45 days. 20 IU of HCG per 100 g b.w. was enough to provoke maximum stimulation which was indistinguishable from that due to a larger dose. DHT and Adiol were maximally stimulated with HCG at 45 days showing no further increment with maturity. The magnitude of the response for DHT and Adiol appeared to be neither related to the dose of HCG nor to the pretreatment with FSH. This study postulates that changing androgen response to HCG may be a major factor in sexual maturation in the male rat and it is influenced by the FSH pretreatment only in the mature animals.
The Use of State Tax Incentives to Promote Forest Preservation on Private Lands in Tennessee: An Evaluation of Their Equity and Effectiveness Impacts

This study of Tennessee's tax incentive program for nonindnstrial forest preservation on private lands provides perhaps the most thorough empirical analysis available of this type of public program. First, the program's equity consequences are analyzed by examining both the concentration of land ownership and of subsidy benefits among program participants. Second, its effectiveness is evaluated by estimating the impact of the program under differing sets of assumptions about preferred selling prices and through a survey and comparison of a matched set of program participants and nonparticipants concerning their land use practices and attitudes. The study concludes with recommendations for tax policy reforms to create a better balance between public and private benefits, especially the expansion of program objectives to include biological diversity conservation and other non-commodity-based values.
RNA folding: models and perspectives

Intrinsic events during RNA folding include conformational search and metal ion binding. Several experimentally testable models have been proposed to explain how large ribozymes accomplish folding. Future challenges include the validation of these models, and the correlation of experimental results and theoretical simulations.
Consequences of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain symptoms on women's work participation and income: Results from a national household sample

Purpose: We describe differences in work participation and income by bladder symptom impact and comorbidities among women with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional data from 2,767 respondents younger than 65 years identified with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms were analyzed. The data were taken from the RAND Interstitial Cystitis Epidemiology (RICE) survey, and included retrospective self-reports of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome impact, severity, years since onset, related comorbidities (depressive symptomatology, number of conditions), work participation and income, and personal characteristics. Multiple regressions predicted 5 current work outcomes of works now, kept from working by pain, missed work days, days worked when bothered by symptoms and real income change since symptom onset.Results: Controlling for work status at symptom onset and personal characteristics, greater bladder symptom impact predicted a greater like...
A game-theoretic comparison of the utilitarian and maximin rules of social choice

I will characterize the utilitarian and maximin rules of social choice game-theoretically. That is, I will introduce games whose solutions are the utilitarian and maximin distributions respectively. Then I will compare the rules by exploring similarities and differences between these games. This method of comparison has been carried out by others. But I characterize the two rules using games that involve bargaining within power structures. This new characterization better highlights the ethical differences between the rules.
Metabolic Pathways in Acid Production by the Yeast Hansenula anomala

When D-fructose was used as a carbon source for Hansenula anomala instead of D-glucose, an apparent inhibition of glycolysis in early stages of yeast growth was observed. There was an increase in the unidentified nonvolatile acid, previously reported in this yeast, which is thought to be produced through a hexose-monophosphate shunt. In later stages of growth, products of the glycolytic pathway increased. The results indicate a possible interaction between the two pathways. Acid production in H. anomala may be influenced by the permeability of the cell membrane to substrates and inhibitors used in this study, by the intracellular transport of sugars and their effect on permeability of intracellular membranes, and by the interaction of glucose and fructose.
Catalytic phosphorylation of Na,K-ATPase drives the outward movement of its cation-binding H5-H6 hairpin.

The Na,K-ATPase undergoes conformational transitions during its catalytic cycle that mediate energy transduction between the phosphorylation and cation-binding sites. Structure−function studies have shown that transmembrane segments H5 and H6 in the α subunit of the enzyme participate in cation binding and transport. The Ca-ATPase crystal structure indicates that the H5 helix extends into the cytoplasmic ATP binding domain, finishing 4−5 A from the phosphorylation site. Here, we test whether the phosphorylation of the Na,K-ATPase leads to conformational changes in the cation-binding H5−H6 hairpin. Using as background an enzyme where all wild-type Cys in the transmembrane region were replaced, Cys were introduced in the joining loop and extracellular ends of H5 and H6. Mutated proteins were expressed in COS cells and probed with Hg2+, [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate (MTSET), and biotin-maleimide, applied to the extracellular media while placing the cells in two different media (K-medium an...
Estimates on level set integral operators in dimension two

Both oscillatory integral operators and level set operators appear naturally in the study of properties of degenerate Fourier integral operators (such as generalized Randon transforms). The properties of oscillatory integral operators have a longer history and are better understood. On the other hand, level set operators, while sharing many common characteristics with oscillatory integral operators, are easier to handle. We study L2-estimates on level set operators in dimension two and compare them with what is known about oscillatory integral operators. The cases include operators with non-degenerate phase functions and the level set version of Melrose-Taylor transform (as an example of a degenerate phase function). The estimates are formulated in terms of the Newton polyhedra and type conditions.
Differential accessibilities of dibasic prohormone processing sites of proenkephalin to the aqueous environment revealed by H-D exchange mass spectrometry.

Proenkephalin (PE) is a prohormone containing dibasic sites that are cleaved by proteases to generate peptide neurotransmitters and hormones. Little is known about the conformational features of such protease cleavage sites within prohormone substrates. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the relative accessibilities of multiple dibasic processing sites of PE by peptide amide hydrogen−deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (DXMS). DXMS demonstrated differences in the relative accessibilities of the KR, KK, and RR cleavage sites of PE to the aqueous environment. DXMS assesses relative rates of exchange of hydrogens of the polypeptide backbone of PE with deuterium atoms from D2O (heavy water) in solvent. Analyses of peptides spanning each of the 12 dibasic PE cleavage sites illustrated differences in H−D exchange rates that reflect relative solvent accessibility. The mid-domain cleavage sites (dibasic sites 4−8) exhibited greater accessibility to the aqueous solvent compared to regions of the...
Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predicts Intimate Partner Victimization in Young Women.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with interpersonal dysfunction during childhood and adolescence, yet little is known about the romantic relationships of young women with childhood ADHD. In the present study, we draw from a longitudinal sample of girls followed prospectively into young adulthood, comparing those with (n = 114) and without (n = 79; comparisons) childhood ADHD in terms of their risk for physical victimization by an intimate partner (physical IPV; e.g., slapping, punching) by 17–24 years of age. We examined ADHD both diagnostically and dimensionally, at the same time establishing reliable indicators of young adult physical IPV. Externalizing and internalizing problems, and academic achievement during adolescence, were tested as potential mediators. Overall, participants with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD experienced more physical IPV than did comparisons (30.7 % vs. 6.3 %). In parallel, IPV was associated with higher levels of childhood ADHD symptomatology (d = 0.73). Young women with persistent ADHD stood the highest risk of experiencing IPV (37.3 %), followed by those with transient ADHD (19.0 %) and those never-diagnosed (5.9 %). Academic achievement measured during adolescence was a significant partial mediator of the childhood ADHD symptomatology-young adult IPV relationship, even with control of sociodemographic, psychiatric, and cognitive factors, including childhood reading and math disorders. Findings indicate that in young women, childhood ADHD is a specific and important predictor of physically violent victimization in their intimate relationships. This vulnerable population requires IPV prevention and intervention, with academic empowerment as a key target.
The coupling of bem and fem for the two-dimensional viscous flow problem

In this paper we propose a numerical scheme for treating the problem of sJow viscous flow past an obstacle in the plane. This scheme is a combination of boundary element and finite element methods. By introducing an auxiliary boundary curve, we divide the region under consideration into two subregions, an inner and an outer region. In the inner region, we employ a finite element method (FEM) for solving a system of simplified field equations with proper natural boundary conditions. In the outer region, the solution is expressed in the form of a simple-layer potential with density function satisfying a system of modified integral equations of the first kind. The latter are solved by a boundary element method (BEM). Both solutions are matched on the common auxiliary boundary curve. Error estimates in suitable function spaces are derived in terms of the mesh widths as well as the small parameters, the Reynolds numbers
The corona associated with solar filaments

Spectroheliograms in high temperature ions such as Fe XV show the existence of both filaments that are brighter than the ambient corona and filaments that are darker than the ambient corona. The relationship of the filaments to photospheric magnetograms is described, and a possible physical mechanism to explain the differences is discussed.
Additional experimental tests of the Bonner sphere neutron spectrometer

Abstract In a continued effort to experimentally test Bonner sphere spectrometer systems, the results reported in this paper include: (1) a new partial illumination correction factor which has been determined to correct an error in the previous work, (2) a new spectral unfolding code, BONABS, which has been included in these tests (in addition to the previously used SWIFT code) and (3) scandium and uranium filtered beams which have been measured. The results indicate a small improvement in energy prediction capabilities due to the corrected partial illumination factor and reasonable agreement between the SWIFT and BONABS unfolding codes for the spectra tested.