cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Work and family programs and productivity: Estimates applying a production function model

This paper provides statistical evidence about the effect of work and family programs on productivity using a sample of large Fortune 500 companies in 30 industries in the US economy. Cross‐sectional firm‐level data on work and family programs are combined with financial data on companies to estimate production functions. Alternative specifications and estimation techniques are applied, including ordinary least squares and two‐stage least squares, with controls or corrections for union status, capital quality, heteroskedasticity, and possible endogeneity of company work‐family programs. The empirical results suggest that work‐family support programs succeed in improving productivity. The positive effects on firm performance may help to explain the growth and spread of work and family programs among US corporations in recent years. Further research is needed to evaluate the economic costs of work and family programs and to identify the mechanisms whereby work and family programs result in improved productivity.
Digital tapestry [automatic image synthesis]

This paper addresses the novel problem of automatically synthesizing an output image from a large collection of different input images. The synthesized image, called a digital tapestry, can be viewed as a visual summary or a virtual 'thumbnail' of all the images in the input collection. The problem of creating the tapestry is cast as a multi-class labeling problem such that each region in the tapestry is constructed from input image blocks that are salient and such that neighboring blocks satisfy spatial compatibility. This is formulated using a Markov random field and optimized via the graph cut based expansion move algorithm. The standard expansion move algorithm can only handle energies with metric terms, while our energy contains non-metric (soft and hard) constraints. Therefore we propose two novel contributions. First, we extend the expansion move algorithm for energy functions with non-metric hard constraints. Secondly, we modify it for functions with "almost" metric soft terms, and show that it gives good results in practice. The proposed framework was tested on several consumer photograph collections, and the results are presented.
An Extended Hierarchical Task Analysis for Error Prediction in Medical Devices

This paper introduces an extended hierarchical task analysis (HTA) methodology devised to evaluate and compare user interfaces on volumetric infusion pumps. The pumps were studied along the dimensions of overall usability and propensity for generating human error. With HTA as our framework, we analyzed six pumps on a variety of common tasks using Norman's Action theory. The introduced method of evaluation divides the problem space between the external world of the device interface and the user's internal cognitive world, allowing for predictions of potential user errors at the human-device level. In this paper, one detailed analysis is provided as an example, comparing two different pumps on two separate tasks. The results demonstrate the inherent variation, often the cause of usage errors, found with infusion pumps being used in hospitals today. The reported methodology is a useful tool for evaluating human performance and predicting potential user errors with infusion pumps and other simple medical devices.
Immunocytochemical localization of protein kinase C isozymes in rat brain

Recently, we isolated 3 protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes from rat brain (Huang et al., 1986a). Using isozyme-specific antibodies for immunoblot, we have determined the relative levels of each isozyme in various regions of the rat brain (Huang et al., 1987b). The present paper describes the cellular distributions of PKC isozymes in rat brain as determined by light microscopic immunocytochemistry. Staining with PKC antibodies revealed strong immunoreactivities in neuronal somata and their dendrites and weak to no reaction in axon and the astroglial structures. In the cerebellum, the type I PKC antibodies stained the Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites; the type II PKC antibodies stained the granule cells; and the type III PKC antibody stained both Purkinje and granule cells. In the cerebral cortex, all antibodies stained neurons resembling pyramidal cells and their apical dendrites in layers II to VI, while layer I was nearly devoid of staining. However, the various isozyme-specific antibodies revealed distinct laminar distribution patterns of the positively stained neurons, and the type III PKC-positive neurons exhibited a higher density than those of type I or II PKC-positive ones, especially in layer II of cingulate (retrosplenial) and piriform cortices. In the hippocampal formation, both pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and granule cells of the dentate gyrus were stained by all PKC antibodies. Subcellularly, type III PKC appeared mostly in the cytoplasm of these neurons, whereas type I and II PKC seemed to associate with the nucleus as well. In the olfactory bulb, both type II and III PKC antibodies stained the periglomerular and granular cells, and the latter also stained the mitral cells. The distinct cellular and subcellular distribution of PKC isozymes suggests that each isozyme plays a unique role in the various neural functions.
Population Dynamics of Naive and Memory CD8 T Cell Responses after Antigen Stimulations In Vivo

The extent to which the progeny of one primary memory CD8 T cell differs from the progeny of one naive CD8 T cell of the same specificity remains an unresolved question. To explore cell-autonomous functional differences between naive and memory CD8 T cells that are not influenced by differences in the priming environment, an experimental model has been developed in which physiological numbers of both populations of cells were cotransferred into naive hosts before Ag stimulation. Interestingly, naive CD8 T cells undergo greater expansion in numbers than do primary memory CD8 T cells after various infections or immunizations. The intrinsic ability of one naive CD8 T cell to give rise to more effector CD8 T cells than one memory CD8 T cell is independent of the number and quality of primary memory CD8 T cells present in vivo. The sustained proliferation of newly activated naive CD8 T cells contributed to their greater magnitude of expansion. Additionally, longitudinal analyses of primary and secondary CD8 T cell responses revealed that on a per-cell basis naive CD8 T cells generate higher numbers of long-lived memory cells than do primary memory CD8 T cells. This enhanced "memory generation potential" of responding naive CD8 T cells occurred despite the delayed contraction of secondary CD8 T cell responses. Taken together, the data in this study revealed previously unappreciated differences between naive and memory CD8 T cells and will help further define the functional potential for both cell types.
Systems-Based Approach to Interdependent Electric Power Delivery and Telecommunications Infrastructure Resilience Subject to Weather-Related Hazards

AbstractAccording to NOAA, eleven billion-dollar weather disasters occurred in the United States in 2012. One of the predominant reasons that storms become disasters is the failure of civil infrastructure systems, also known as “lifelines,” on which communities rely. The approach to modeling resilience herein is through the use of systems-based models of performance. The models are based on empirical evidence of the ability of the underlying structural delivery system to provide essential infrastructure services to the community. For example, electric power delivery performance, subject to extreme storms, is sensitive to the combined system of mounted electrical and mechanical equipment, substations, and poles and towers that comprise the distribution and transmission systems. Interdependency is assessed first through previously derived input-output models of recovery to storm hazards and then significantly expanded in this paper. Further, the research results, based upon examination of extensive geocoded...
A framework for building cell libraries with novel devices

The decade of the nineties has witnessed a rapid growth in device technologies. Emerging devices can provide higher packaging density through vertical packing of lowered feature sizes, as well as allow fabrication using experimental materials with sub-threshold switching, opto-electronic, and superconducting properties. A lack of suitable simulation framework at the circuit level impedes the progress in rapidly developing circuit level models for putative applications. Circuit realization and simulation using commonly available suites of EDA tools is therefore desirable for the advancement of research in novel devices. A technique for overcoming this limitation using the currently available IC design tools is outlined in this paper. A "component library" consisting of primitive cells is developed and used for the automated development of higher level optimized cells. The higher level cells are generated using automated place and route tools and subsequently annotated with the pin delays obtained from the SPICE simulation. The optimized high level cells can be used in designing higher level systems and also be used in functional and timing verification on a digital simulation kernel. The only pre-requisite to the outlined approach is the existence of the SPICE models for devices that can allow modeling annotation of delays on the pins of the standard cells.
Teaching the importance of communication in IT

Many IT employers complain that their employees, especially new graduates, have a solid technical background but lack adequate oral and written communications skills, a critical attribute. In this study, communication skills include: possessing strong written and spoken English; helping customers understand their requirements; asking questions (for example, in an interview situation); responding to questions quickly and concisely; establishing trust with the customer; and, clearly illustrating a systems purpose. Communication skills are crucial for a successful IT career. Many IT students feel they must only know the nuts and bolts of their profession. But to move up the ranks of management, and even for those more interested in the technology side, proper communication skills are essential. Educators can integrate communication skills into an information systems core course to provide cohesion within the IS discipline.
Space-based telescopes for actionable refinement of ephemeris pathfinder mission

The Space-based Telescopes for Actionable Refinement of Ephemeris (STARE) program will collect the information needed to help satellite operators avoid collisions in space by using a network of nanosatellites to determine more accurate trajectories for selected space objects orbiting the Earth. In the first phase of the STARE program, two pathfinder cube-satellites (CubeSats) equipped with an optical imaging payload are being developed and deployed to demonstrate the main elements of the STARE concept. We first give an overview of the STARE program. The details of the optical imaging payload for the STARE pathfinder CubeSats are then described, followed by a description of the track detection algorithm that will be used on the images it acquires. Finally, simulation results that highlight the effectiveness of the mission are presented.
Physiological bases of genetically determined variation in growth of marine invertebrate larvae: A study of growth heterosis in the bivalve Crassostrea gigas

Abstract Many species of marine animals have larval stages whose rates of growth in the plankton are regulated by complex combinations of biological and environmental factors. In this study, we focus on the physiological bases that underlie endogenous variation in growth potential of larvae. Our approach was based on experimental crosses of gravid adults from pedigreed families of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. This produced large numbers of larvae with different growth rates when reared under similar environmental conditions of food and temperature. A total of 35 larval families were reared to test hypotheses regarding the physiological bases of growth variation. Growth rate of these larval families varied over a five-fold range, from 3.4 (± 0.5, S.E.) to 17.6 (± 0.6) μm day− 1. The suite of integrated measurements applied to study growth variation included size, biochemical compositions, rates of particulate and dissolved nutrient acquisition, absorption efficiencies, respiration rates and enzyme activities. We show that a complex set of physiological processes regulated differences in genetically determined growth rates of larvae. One-half of the energy required for faster growth came from an enhanced, size-specific feeding ability. Differences in absorption rates were not significant for slow- and fast-growing larvae, nor were differences in size-specific respiration rates. Metabolic processes accounted for the additional 50% of the energy “savings” required to explain enhanced growth rates. We propose that different protein depositional efficiencies could account for this energy saving. Quantitative analyses of the endogenous physiological factors that cause variation in growth rate will allow for a more sophisticated understanding of growth, survival and recruitment potential of larvae.
Effects of nitrogen sources on growth responses and magnesium and manganese leaf concentrations of snap beans

The effects of 3 N sources, ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium nitrate (AN), and sodium nitrate (SN) in combination with P, K, Ca, and Mg on vine weight, leaf Mg and Mn concentrations in Bush Blue Lake 274 snap beans were studied in 3 greenhouse experiments using a Hagerstown silt loam soil. In NP treatments, regardless of N source, plants were more vigorous, by 29% or more when compared to those of Check or N treatment. SN resulted in slightly less vigorous plants with higher Mg and lower Mn concentrations compared to those of AS. AN treatments had intermediate effects. Addition of K resulted in increased vine weight and decreased leaf Mg concentrations. Adding both K and Mg to the NP treatment did not affect the leaf Mg concentration.
Role of the Escherichia coli Recombination Hotspot, χ, in RecABCD-dependent Homologous Pairing

Abstract Genetic recombination occurring in wild type Escherichia coli is stimulated at DNA sequences known as χ sites, 5′-GCTGGTGG-3′. In vitro, homologous pairing between duplex DNA substrates dependent upon the RecA, RecBCD, and SSB proteins is stimulated by the presence of a χ sequence in the donor linear double-stranded DNA. We show that this stimulation is due to two factors: 1) the enhanced production of χ-specific single-stranded DNA fragments and 2) their preferential use in the RecA protein-promoted pairing step. Furthermore, under conditions of limiting Mg2+ concentration, joint molecule formation does not occur, even though DNA unwinding and χ-specific single-stranded DNA fragment production are observed. Also, under these conditions, χ-specific fragments derived from both the upstream and downstream regions of the DNA strand containing χ and from cleavage of the non-χ-containing DNA strand are detected. Finally, the behavior of mutant RecBCD enzymes (RecBC*D and RecBCD−) in this in vitro reaction is shown to parallel their in vivo phenotypes with respect to χ stimulation of recombination. Thus we suggest that, in addition to its ability to regulate the degradative activities of RecBCD enzyme, χ itself may be a preferred site for initiation of homologous pairing in this concerted process.
Health-Related Quality of Life After Lung Volume Reduction Surgery

Many studies have demonstrated short-term physiologic benefits and improvements in various measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). However, LVRS involves short-term risks of morbidity, disability, and mortality. Few reports describe the longterm effects of LVRS on patients with emphysema. Rational decision making about LVRS depends on whether the expected improvement in quality of life from LVRS outweighs the expected disability and morbidity and the potential mortality from the procedure. This report describes the HRQOL and survival outcomes of patients with emphysema after LVRS.
Unsteady crossflow on a delta wing using particle image velocimetry

5has shown that the vortex breakdown response is typically an order of magnitude slower than the convective time scale; in essence, this means that the location of breakdown substantially lags that expected from quasistatic considerations. In view of these observations of the phase lag of vortex breakdown location, one expects the cross-sectional development of the leading-edge vortices to exhibit an analogous phase lag. Such lag has been demonstrated using qualitative flow visualization.6 For this type of lag, the overall features of the velocity field during pitching maneuvers have been characterized separately.5 Therein, the velocity field at several instants during the wing motion is compared with its quasistatic counterpart to show the consequence of the movement of the location of vortex breakdown through the plane of interest. The unsteady loading in relation to the foregoing features of the flow structure has been reviewed independently7 and illustrates that corresponding phase lags and hysteresis of the unsteady forces are induced during a typical maneuver. The emergence of particle image velocimetry (PIV) provides the potential for detailed characterization of the unsteady velocity field past a moving delta wing with an accuracy comparable to laser-Doppler anemometry (LD A) but without the necessity of phase referencing. This high-resolution optical method allows detailed definition of the flow structure at a given instant, thereby providing a more accurate representation of the flowfield than can be accomplished with phasereferencing techniques. The objective of this note is to report on the first characterization of the unsteady flow structure past a pitching delta wing via particle imaging techniques and to reveal new features of the flow structure during pitch-up and pitch-down maneuvers. The major challenge of applying PIV to this class
Calculation of the total energy and pressure of compressed cesium.

The results of a self-consistent $X\ensuremath{\alpha}$ augmented-plane-wave calculation of the cohesive energy, pressure, and enthalpy of bcc and fcc cesium metal are presented. The exchange factor used was approximately the one which made the total atomic $X\ensuremath{\alpha}$ energy equal to the total atomic Hartree-Fock energy. The maximum value of the cohesive energy was calculated to be 0.062 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0015 Ry, and it occurs when the volume of the primitive unit cell is 780 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 30 cubic atomic units. These results can be compared with the experimental values of 0.062 Ry and 745 cubic atomic units. The computed pressure and enthalpy predict that the isomorphic transition of the fcc phase of cesium should occur at 26 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2 kbar at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The computed isomorphic transition is accompanied by severe distortion of the Fermi surface, as suggested by Yamashita and Asano and by Kmetko.
Body Conditions and Stomach Contents of Subadult Trout during Fall and Winter in Three Wyoming Tailwaters

Abstract We studied three tailwaters in Wyoming from October 1997 through February 1998 to determine whether body conditions of stocked, subadult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss or cutthroat trout O. clarki declined from fall through winter and to assess whether lack of food in stomachs might be related to any declines. Body conditions of rainbow trout in two tailwaters remained high through the winter. Body conditions of cutthroat trout in a third tailwater declined between October and February but not to levels anticipated to affect the overwinter survival of the fish. Trout with substantial amounts of food in their stomachs were found throughout the fall and winter in all three tailwaters. In no subadult trout in any of the three tailwaters did we observe rapid declines in body conditions during fall or continuous declines in body conditions to very low levels by the end of winter in association with low biomass of food in stomachs.
Advanced turboprop technology development

The efficiency of high-speed turboprop propulsion systems is considered with emphasis on fuel savings. Specific topics discussed include: (1) high efficiency and low noise of propeller design; (2) fuselage noise attenuation; (3) propeller and gear box maintenance; and (4) engine-airframe integration.
Temporal behavior of the number density of particles during Ostwald ripening

Abstract The kinetic behavior of the number of particles per unit volume or area, N , is examined theoretically for different dimensionalities of the dispersed phase ( d ) and the diffusion field ( D ). For particles that are either perfectly spherical ( d =3) or circular ( d =2) a kinetic equation for N is presented which is valid for D = 3, 2 and 1. The temporal exponents are also presented in terms of d and D . It is shown that the conventionally accepted kinetic law for N , i.e. N ∝ t−, where m = d/(3 + d − D), be replaced by an equation containing two terms. This equation has the form N = At− +Btu−p, where A and B are constants related to the physical parameters of the system, and p = (d+1)/(3 + d − D). The second term is not negligible with respect to the first, and arises because the volume fraction is not constant during Ostwald ripening. This equation is evaluated for self-consistency by the analyses of data on four systems: 1. Coarsening of γ′ (Ni 3 Al) precipitates in an Ni-Al alloy ( d = D = 3); 2. The results of a computer modeling experiment ( d = D = 2); 3. Coarsening of ‘islands’ in a diblock copolymer film ( d = D = 2); 4. Coarsening of droplets of succinonitrile on a quartz substrate ( d = 3; D = 2). Self-consistency is tested by comparing values of A predicted using data on the kinetics of growth of the average particle with those obtained from the analysis of data on the temporal behavior of N . Self-consistency also demands that B be non-zero, and that different estimates of B obtained from different methods of data analysis be nearly equal. All the data sets examined fulfill these self-consistency requirements. Moreover, the values of B for the γ′/Ni-Al alloy are in excellent agreement with that calculated using reasonably well-known physical constants. The importance of the second term in the equation for N can also account for the discrepancy that is often observed between values of m obtained from plots of log N versus log t and the values expected on the basis of conventional theory.
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract We studied 70 patients (48 women and 22 men) with either rheumatic disease (n = 25) or lung disease (n = 45) who had been treated with glucocorticoids for at least 6 months (mean cumulative dose, 24.2 ± 27.1 g of prednisone; mean current dose, 11.0 ± 8.6 mg/d, mean duration of therapy, 8.1 years. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip (femoral neck) and spine (L2-L4) using dualphoton absorptiometry and BMD of the distal one third radius using single-photon absorptiometry. Compared with age-matched controls, the study population had decreased BMD of the spine (87.0%), hip (87.2%), and radius (90.6%). Current dose, cumulative dose, and duration of therapy were not correlated with BMD in the spine or hip in the total study population. The most significant correlations with low bone mass at the hip and spine were short height and low weight. There was a high incidence of hypercalciuria (30%) as compared with an age- and sex-matched control group (6.4%). Glucocorticoids are known to decrease vertebral and radial bone density. We conclude that glucocorticoids also decrease hip bone density as measured at the femoral neck. The high incidence of hypercalciuria may have implications for therapy of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Pancreas Club Meeting

The 46th annual Pancreas Club meeting was held on May 18 and 19 at the Hyatt Regency Mission Bay in San Diego, California. A brief summary of the meeting including an overview in table form is presented below.
LEFT VENTRICULAR CONSTRICTION DUE TO MYOCARDITIS IN A CHILD.

Abstract A case (followed for six years) is reported of an 8 year old child with syncopal episodes presumed due to acute left ventricular failure. Electrocardiograms showed progressive left ventricular hypertrophy while radiographically there was evidence of left atrial and right ventricular enlargement. Hemodynamic data obtained at left heart catheterization revealed markedly elevated mean left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In the absence of gross left ventricular enlargement this suggested a constrictive phenomenon involving the left ventricle. The etiology of the latter was found at postmortem examination to be due to chronic myocarditis and coronary vasculitis.
Ordinary chondrites: Multivariate statistical analysis of trace element contents☆

The contents of mobile trace elements (Co, Au, Sb, Ga, Se, Rb, Cs, Te, Bi, Ag, In, Tl, Zn, and Cd) in Antarctic and non-Antarctic populations of H4-6 and L4-6 chondrites, were compared using standard multivariate discriminant functions borrowed from linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression. A nonstandard randomization-simulation method was developed, making it possible to carry out probability assignments on a distribution-free basis. Compositional differences were found both between the Antarctic and non-Antarctic H4-6 chondrite populations and between two L4-6 chondrite populations. It is shown that, for various types of meteorites (in particular, for the H4-6 chondrites), the Antarctic/non-Antarctic compositional difference is due to preterrestrial differences in the genesis of their parent materials.
COMPLICATIONS OF A CABLE GRIP SYSTEM

From a group of 643 total hip arthroplasties, 98 patients required trochanteric osteotomies, and in 68 the trochanteric osteotomies were repaired with the Dall-Miles cable grip system (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ). Trochanteric nonunion occurred in 17 of these patients (25%), with fraying and fragmentation of the cable present in 15 (88%). Of the 51 patients with radiographic union, 18 (35%) also had signs of fraying and fragmentation. Bone destruction around the cable in the area of the lesser trochanter was seen in seven patients (10%). Large deposits of metal debris at the inferior border of the acetabulum were seen in eight hips (12%). Multifilament cable did not appear to offer significant advantages over standard monofilament wire, and the potential problems of fraying, fragmentation, and free-floating metallic debris must be considered.
Efficient LUT-based FPGA technology mapping for power minimization

We study the technology mapping problem for LUT-based FPGAs, targeting at power minimization. The problem has been proved to be NP-hard previously. Hence, we present an efficient heuristic to compute low-power mapping solutions. The major distinction of our work from previous ones is that while generating a LUT, we look ahead at the impact of the mapping selection of this LUT on the power consumption of the remaining network. We choose the mapping that results in the least estimated overall power consumption. The key idea is to compute low-power K-feasible cuts by an efficient incremental network flow computation method. Experimental results show that our algorithm reduces both power consumption and area over the previous algorithms reported in the literature.
Limiting conditions for flame spread in fire resistant fabrics

Fire resistant (FR) fabrics are used for astronauts, firefighter and racecar driver suits. However, their fire resistant characteristics depend on the environmental conditions and require study. Particularly important is the response of these fabrics to varied environments and radiant heat from a source such as an adjacent fire. In this work, experiments were conducted to study the effect of oxygen concentration, external radiant flux and oxidizer flow velocity on the concurrent flame spread over two FR fabrics: Nomex HT90-40 and a Nomex/Nylon/Cotton fabric blend. Results show that for a given fabric the minimum oxygen concentration for concurrent flame spread depends strongly on the magnitude of the external radiant flux. At increased oxygen concentrations the external radiant flux required for flame spread decreases. Oxidizer flow velocity influences the external radiant flux only when the convective heat flux from the flame has similar values to the external radiant flux. The results of this work provide further understanding of the flammability characteristics of fire resistant fabrics in environments similar to those of future spacecrafts.
Symmetry-Based Compliance Model of Multisegment Notch Flexure Hinges

An analytical procedure is proposed to calculate the compliances of planar-motion notch flexure hinges with transverse or/and axial symmetry by employing base segments of known compliances. Mirroring, translation, and serial combination of individual segments are used to obtain the flexure hinge compliances that are necessary to evaluate its capacity of deformation and precision of rotation. Two case studies are illustrated: one derives the compliances of the known right circular flexure hinge while the other introduces a new flexure hinge with both axial and transverse symmetry. For the latter flexure design, the numeric values of compliances are confirmed by finite element simulation.
Unique in Vivo Modifications of Coagulation Factor V Produce a Physically and Functionally Distinct Platelet-derived Cofactor CHARACTERIZATION OF PURIFIED PLATELET-DERIVED FACTOR V/Va

Platelet- and plasma-derived factor Va (FVa) serve essential cofactor roles in prothrombinase-catalyzed thrombin generation. Platelet-derived FV/Va, purified from Triton X-100 platelet lysates was composed of a mixture of polypeptides ranging from ∼40 to 330 kDa, mimicking those visualized by Western blotting of platelet lysates and releasates with anti-FV antibodies. The purified, platelet-derived protein expressed significant cofactor activity such that thrombin activation led to only a 2–3-fold increase in cofactor activity yet expression of a specific activity identical to that of purified, plasma-derived FVa. Physical and functional differences between the two cofactors were identified. Purified, platelet-derived FVa was 2–3-fold more resistant to activated protein C-catalyzed inactivation than purified plasma-derived FVa on the thrombin-activated platelet surface. The heavy chain subunit of purified, platelet-derived FVa contained only a fraction (∼10–15%) of the intrinsic phosphoserine present in the plasma-derived FVa heavy chain and was resistant to phosphorylation at Ser692 catalyzed by either casein kinase II or thrombin-activated platelets. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analyses of tryptic digests of platelet-derived FV peptides detected an intact heavy chain uniquely modified on Thr402 with an N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, whereas Ser692 remained unmodified. N-terminal sequencing and MALDI-TOF analyses of platelet-derived FV/Va peptides identified the presence of a full-length heavy chain subunit, as well as a light chain subunit formed by cleavage at Tyr1543 rather than Arg1545 accounting for the intrinsic levels of cofactor activity exhibited by native platelet-derived FVa. These collective data are the first to demonstrate physical differences between the two FV cofactor pools and support the hypothesis that, subsequent to its endocytosis by megakaryocytes, FV is modified to yield a platelet-derived cofactor distinct from its plasma counterpart.
A pattern-based approach to excitation diagnostics for adaptive process control

Abstract To maintain desired controller performance in the presence of process nonlinearity and non-stationarity, linear model-based control strategies become dependent upon the regular updating of a process model. This paper explores the use of a passive adaptive algorithm which updates the process model in a closed loop by taking advantage of naturally occuring dynamic events rather than by injecting perturbations into the system to create dynamic events. Such closed-loop identification is possible, but it requires that these events contain process information that is not masked by measurement noise or unmeasured disturbances. Presented here is a pattern-based excitation diagnostic tool (EDT) that determines when sufficient process excitation exists for model updating. The EDT consists of vector quantizing neural networks (VQNs) similar to the ART2-A and a decision maker that is a simple set of rules. The VQNs are trained to recognize to local dynamic behavior in the recent histories of each process variable. The decisin maker uses the outputs from these VQNs to diagnose when sufficient dynamics exist for model updating. Details of the EDT are presented along with several challenging demonstrations on both simulated and real single-input-output processes.
Validation of a predictive model for postoperative pulmonary complications

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To test or validate a previously reported model for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after elective abdominal surgical procedures. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive. SETTING: Four midwestern hospitals serving a diverse population of patients. PATIENTS: Two hundred seventy-six adult patients who had undergone abdominal surgery (51% men, 49% women; mean age 54.1 ± 5.3 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: PPC developed in 26.4%. DATA COLLECTION: Data were collected preoperatively during a brief interview and a pulmonary physical examination and on the first 6 postoperative days. RESULTS: A six risk-factor model was tested in this sample of subjects. The model validated relatively well in the sample of 276 subjects with use of the basic criteria of correct classification, sensitivity, and specificity. However, when a new model was developed from this sample, differing risk factors emerged as significant independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed to assess the stability of the risk factors and test the models in differing settings and populations of patients.
Intertextuality and Other Analogues in J. M. Coetzee's Slow Man

most salient ideas, upon realizing that its methodology is no mere decoration but thematically functional. Among the typical characteristics of Coetzee's work that one finds here are questions of "authorship," more than one existential dilemma, "autrebiography" (in one of Coetzee's own literary terms), several doublings (of characters within this novel and of these characters with some in his other works), much use of fabulism, more than one level of reality, and, most pertinently for this essay, considerable and functional use of derivation, allusion, and other analogues. It is hardly the first time that Coetzee's work has been highly intertextual and intratextual, but the theme that such tactics serve varies slightly here. Coetzee is a philosophical writer and one interested in people's religious positions. As James Wood puts it, "Coetzee has always been an intensely metaphysical novelist, and in recent years the religious coloration of his metaphysics has become more pronounced" (143). Characters are consoled, confused, and/or tormented by theological concerns in Foe, Age of Iron, Elizabeth Costello, and elsewhere in the Coetzee canon. In Slow Man, however, theology and psychology are inseparably merged, to the point that the reader cannot readily distinguish the one from the other nor can the characters. Additionally, Slow Man repeats, and extends, a device that Coetzee has used, notably in Foe and
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: some practice implications for social workers

The medical and psychosocial complexities involved in cases of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy typically necessitate carefully organized interdisciplinary responses. The role of social work in the effectiveness of such responses is both crucial and historically under-considered in the existing literature. This article presents the historical and specific diagnostic components of this complex and perplexing condition, along with practice guidelines for clinical responses, with information relevant to child protection issues across multiple settings.
CO, CS, and HCN in a clustering of reflection nebulae in Monoceros

Observations are reported of the 2.6-mm line of CO from an extended region in Monoceros containing a complex of dust clouds as well as a group of reflection nebulae (Mon R2) and where a source of relatively strong millimeter emission from CS and HCN has been found. Lower limits are obtained for the CO and H2 column densities in this region, and five CO emission peaks are identified, each of which is approximately coincident with at least one reflection nebula. Around the position of the strongest peak, extended emission is observed from CS and HCN, suggesting the existence of a rotating core with an H2 density which corresponds to a mass of 5500 solar masses. The CO profiles in the direction of the strongest peak appear to show self-absorption, which may indicate a collapsing cloud.
Acid-base status of a pulmonate land snail (Helix aspersa) and a prosobranch amphibious snail (Pomacea bridgesi) during dormancy.

Changes in metabolism and acid-base status were compared during dormancy in the pulmonate land snail Helix aspersa and a prosobranch amphibious snail Pomacea bridgesi. The typical condition of higher blood PCO2 and bicarbonate levels for air-breathing versus water-breathing vertebrates was shown for the two snail species. When exposed to dry air for 24 hr, both species depressed oxygen uptake by about 65%. In Pomacea, hypercapnia (increase in hemolymph PCO2 from 5.5 to 18 torr) resulting from dormancy produced no significant change in pH due to large increases in bicarbonate (over 17 mmol/l). In Helix, on the other hand, hypercapnia (increase in hemolymph PCO2 from 13 to 18 torr) resulting from dormancy produced a significant decrease in pH and a less than 7 mmol/l increase in bicarbonate. Pre-existing high levels of bicarbonate in Helix may prevent compensation of hypercapnia resulting from dormancy, similar to the case described for air-breathing vertebrates. Complete compensation of respiratory acidosis during the first 24 hr of dormancy in Pomacea suggests that metabolic rate suppression is independent of pH. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
99m)Tc antigranulocyte monoclonal antibody imaging for the detection and assessment of inflammatory bowel disease newly diagnosed by colonoscopy in children.

Objective: This prospective study evaluated a 99mTc antigranulocyte monoclonal antibody Fab' imaging agent (Sulesomab) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) newly diagnosed by colonoscopy.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE WOODY PORTION OF THE ROOT SYSTEM OF BETULA PAPYRIFERA

A B S T R A C T Our ontogenetic analysis of paper birch root systems shows that the fate of a root tip is related to its relative primary xylem diam (PXD). Lateral root tips with an initial PXD less than about 25 % of the parent root PXD are ephemeral. Some tips having a PXD of more than about 25 % of the parent root PXD become the permanent portions of the root system, enlarging over time as they elongate. In seedling root systems, the primary root and first-formed laterals are initially about the same size, and their PXD's all enlarge with increasing distance from the stem as the tips elongate to form the initial horizontal woody framework. Permanent lateral root branches with a large relative PXD develop after root tip injury, when the root tip is forced to grow in a curve, or from other unaccountable causes. Our observations show the importance of using relative diameters when classifying roots and when applying the concept of heterorhizy to paper birch root systems. Evidence points to the existence of some form of apical dominance in roots.
Navigation Solutions for Low-Cost, Man-Portable AUVs: Iver2 Lightweight NSW AUV

Abstract The Lightweight NSW AUV was developed for US Navy Special Warfare operations from the baseline commercial Iver2 AUV built by OceanServer Technology, Inc. The platform capability and performance met search and survey requirements for shallow and very shallow water operations. Tactical applications have expanded in breadth with field validation and experience, and precise navigation solutions for the new missions are being explored. The secondary processor and supporting architecture which complement the Iver2 AUV primary vehicle controller and share data through open APIs provide an efficient and economical pathway for the development, test, and integration of these solutions. The Naval Undersea Warfare Center, the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, and OceanServer Technology, Inc. have targeted navigation initiatives that utilize the Iver2 Lightweight NSW AUV as a development and test platform, and allow for rapid delivery of these new capabilities into the Fleet.
Kinetics of Contaminant Degradation by Permanganate

To provide a more complete understanding of the kinetics of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate (MnO4-), we measured the kinetics of oxidation of 24 contaminants-many for which data were not previously available. The new data reported here were determined using an efficient method based on continuous measurement of the MnO4- concentration by absorbance spectrometry. Under these conditions, the kinetics were found to be first-order with respect to both contaminant and MnO4- concentrations, from which second-order rate constants (k") were readily obtained. Emerging contaminants forwhich k" was determined (at 25 degrees C and pH 7) include 1,4-dioxane (4.2 x 10(-5) M(-1) s(-1)), methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) (1.0 x 10(-4) M(-1) s(-1)), and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (9.1 x 10(-5) M(-1) s(-1)). Contaminants such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), the pesticides aldicarb and dichlorvos, and many substituted phenols are oxidized with rate constants comparable to tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) (i.e., 0.03-1 M(-1) s(-1)) and therefore are good candidates for remediation with MnO4- in the field. There are several--sometimes competing--mechanisms by which MnO4- oxidizes contaminants, including addition to double bonds, abstraction of hydrogen or hydride, and electron transfer.
The muscle ryanodine receptor and its intrinsic Ca2+ channel activity.

In skeletal and cardiac muscle, contraction is initiated by the rapid release of Ca2+ ions from the intracellular membrane system, sarcoplasmic reticulum. Rapid-mixing vesicle ion flux and planar lipid bilayer-single-channel measurements have shown that Ca2+ release is mediated by a high-conductance, ligand-gated Ca2+ channel. Using the Ca2+ release-specific probe ryanodine, a 30 S protein complex composed of four polypeptides ofM r ∼ 400,000 has been isolated. Reconstitution of the purified skeletal and cardiac muscle 30 S complexes into planar lipid bilayers induced single Ca2+ channel currents with conductance and gating kinetics similar to those of native Ca2+ release channels. Electron microscopy revealed structural similarity with the protein bridges (“feet”) that span the transverse-tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum junction. These results suggest that striated muscle contains an intracellular Ca2+ release channel that is identical with the ryanodine receptor and the transverse-tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum spanning feet structures.
Some Measures of Interpersonal Attraction and Group Cohesiveness

The computation and determination of the statistical significance of three coefficients of interpersonal attractiveness or cohesiveness in task-oriented or social groups are described. The approach is based on ratings made by each member of a group by all other members of the group. Tests of the significance of the difference between coefficients computed on the same group over time or in different groups, and experience in using this approach in various types of academic and therapy groups, are also considered.
Analysis and its discontents: Nonlinearity and the way things aren’t

Abstract This essay examines the concept of analysis, which has been a fundamental component of Western thought, particularly since the beginning of the modern era. Analysis as applied to the natural world has always involved the search for “simples”: For entities (atoms, mass particles) which cannot be divided or otherwise changed. In the world of thought it has involved the search for axiom sets: Absolutely fundamental assumptions never to be displaced. The great achievement of Sir Isaac Newton for a time supported the idea that a final triumph of analysis had been reached. Subsequent discoveries (the divide between relativity and quantum physics, the independent status of thermodynamics) have cast doubt on the ultimate success of analysis. The rise of nonlinear dynamics involves a fundamental shift away from the “analytical” viewpoint. Nonlinear dynamics are (1) holistic, (2) gives up predictability-in-principle, (3) describes a world in constant creative activity, (4) specifies no final level of reality. This essay ends with a plea for the application of nonlinear dynamics to fundamental physics, evolutionary biology, and genetics.
A Meta‐Analytic Review of Child‐Centered Play Therapy Approaches

The authors explored the overall effectiveness of child-centered play therapy (CCPT) approaches through a meta-analytic review of 52 controlled outcome studies between 1995 and 2010. Hierarchical linear modeling techniques estimated a statistically significant moderate treatment effect size (.47) for CCPT, as well as statistically significant relationships between effect size and study characteristics, including child's age, child's ethnicity, caregiver involvement, treatment integrity, publication status, and presenting issue.
A process model for silicon carbide growth by physical vapor transport

Abstract A heat and mass transfer model is proposed for the physical vapor transport growth of SiC crystals with the kinetics represented by the Hertz–Knudsen equation. The growth rate is assumed to be proportional to the supersaturation of the rate-limiting agent. A numerical algorithm has been developed that consists of the calculations of radio-frequency, time-harmonic magnetic field by induction heating, radiation and conduction heat transfer in the system, as well as the growth rate. The generated heat power density in the graphite susceptor is obtained by solving the magnetic vector potential equations. Radiative heat transfer is obtained by solving the integrated equations for radiation. The theoretical growth rate compares well with the published experimental data.
GSK3β is a new therapeutic target for myotonic dystrophy type 1

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), an incurable, neuromuscular disease, is caused by the expansion of CTG repeats within the 3' UTR of DMPK on chromosome 19q. In DM1 patients, mutant DMPK transcripts deregulate RNA metabolism by altering CUG RNA-binding proteins. Several approaches have been proposed for DM1 therapy focused on specific degradation of the mutant CUG repeats or on correction of RNA-binding proteins, affected by CUG repeats. One such protein is CUG RNA-binding protein (CUGBP1). The ability of CUGBP1 to increase or inhibit translation depends on phosphorylation at Ser302, which is mediated by cyclin D3-CDK4. The mutant CUG repeats increase the levels of CUGBP1 protein and inhibit Ser302 phosphorylation, leading to the accumulation of CUGBP1 isoforms that repress translation (i.e., CUGBP1(REP)). Elevation of CUGBP1(REP) in DM1 is caused by increased GSK3β kinase, which reduces the cyclin D3-CDK4 pathway and subsequent phosphorylation of CUGBP1 at Ser302. In this review, we discuss our recent discovery showing that correction of GSK3β activity in the DM1 mouse model (i.e., HSA(LR) mice) reduces DM1 muscle pathology. These findings demonstrate that GSK3β is a novel therapeutic target for treating DM1.