cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microvascular pressures in the isolated, perfused dog lung: Comparison between theory and measurement

Abstract Measurements by direct micropuncture of subpleural pulmonary vessels in the isolated, perfused dog lung indicated that 46% of pulmonary vascular resistance is in the anatomical capillaries. Are these data applicable to the whole lung? We applied parallel tube, sheet flow, and capillary network models to calculate the pressure drop for Zone III conditions, as in the micropuncture experiments. We used published data for the following capillary parameters: volume, 50 ml; blood flow, 20 ml/sec; viscosity, 2 cP; length, 510 μm; mean thickness, 4.8 μm; vascular-space/tissue ratio (for the sheet-and-post model), 0.92; width (for the tube flow models), 10 μm. The capillary network and distensible sheet-and-post models predict that the fraction of total resistance due to the capillaries should be 45 and 50%, respectively. Since the models are for the whole lung, the agreement between theoretical and measured values suggests that pleural surface microvascular pressures may be representative of microvascular pressures in the interior of the lung and that capillaries may account for about half of the total resistance to flow. Uncertainty in capillary parameter values, however, render such conclusions somewhat tentative. Improved measurements of capillary volume, path length, and thickness would greatly aid our understanding of pulmonary blood flow.
Collective estimation: Accuracy, expertise, and extroversion as sources of intra-group influence

Although estimations typically possess correct answers, these answers may be difficult to demonstrate to others. However, providing external information may increase their demonstrability. In this experiment, individuals (N = 60) and 6-person groups (N = 360) generated estimations with or without frames of reference. We hypothesized that estimations involving frames of reference would be best fit by models predicting intra-group influence based on the accuracy of alternatives or of members in general. Conversely, we hypothesized that estimations not involving frames of reference would be best fit by models predicting influence based on member extroversion or proposal centrality. Results indicate that groups outperformed individuals and that estimations generated in the presence of frames of reference were superior to those generated in their absence. Accuracy and expertise schemes provided the best fit when frames of reference were provided, whereas an extroversion scheme provided the best fit when they were not.
Heat Transfer Augmentation of Parallel Flows by Means of Electric Conduction Phenomenon in Macro- and Microscales

Electrohydrodynamic conduction phenomenon takes advantage of the electrical Coulomb force exerted on a dielectric liquid generated by externally applied electric field and dissociated charges from electrolytes. The electric conduction phenomenon can be applied to enhance or control mass transport and heat transfer in both terrestrial and microgravity environments with advantages of simplicity and no degradation of fluid properties for isothermal as well as nonisothermal liquids. This paper numerically studies the heat transfer augmentation of externally driven macro- and microscale parallel flows by means of electric conduction phenomenon. The electric conduction is generated via electrode pairs embedded against the channel wall to mainly enhance the heat transfer and not necessarily to pump the liquid. Two cases of Poiseuille and Couette parallel flows are considered where for the former, a constant external pressure gradient is applied along the channel and for the latter, the channel wall moves with a constant velocity. The electric field and electric body force distributions along with the resultant velocity fields are presented. The heat transfer enhancements are illustrated under various operating conditions for both macro- and microscales. DOI: 10.1115/1.4000977
Cervical Approach for Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of Pancoast Tumors

Aspiration needle biopsy techniques have simplified the cytohistological diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions, particularly those close to or involving the chest wall. In the past, the inaccessibility of some Pancoast tumors in the thoracic inlet posed difficulty in obtaining histological proof before combined therapy was instituted, except in the case of large apical tumors. A safe and accurate technique for percutaneous needle biopsy of tumors in the superior pulmonary sulcus using a cervical approach has been developed. We have found that this technique is easy to perform and more productive for small or shallow lesions at the extreme apex than are needle biopsies performed through a posterior approach, and that it makes open biopsy unnecessary.
Earnings Management at Large US Bank Holding Companies

This paper examines earnings management at the largest publicly traded bank holding companies in the United States. We find that the use of discretionary loan loss provisions is positively related to a bank's unmanaged cash flow returns, capital ratios, and asset size. In contrast, the use of discretionary loan loss provisions is negatively related to a bank's non-discretionary loan loss provisions and market-to-book ratios. Further, the use of discretionary loan loss provisions to manage earnings is significantly related to the fraction of shares owned by the bank's CEO, the fraction of shares owned by all directors, the existence of CEO/chair duality, and the CEO's pay-for-performance sensitivity. However, this practice is found to be significantly reduced when the board is composed of more independent outside directors. For the sample of large banks examined in this paper, the majority of earnings management results in an increase in net income. Thus, while bank managers appear to use discretionary loan loss provisions to increase earnings and, subsequently, their own personal wealth, corporate governance mechanisms can be incorporated to effectively constrain discretion in earnings management.
Mechanisms of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial apoptosis

Gram-negative bacterial sepsis remains a common, life-threatening event. The prognosis for patients who develop sepsis-related complications, including the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), remains poor. A common finding among patients and experimental animals with sepsis and ARDS is endothelial injury and/or dysfunction. A component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of much of the endothelial cell injury and/or dysfunction associated with these disease states. LPS is a highly proinflammatory molecule that elicits a wide array of endothelial responses, including the upregulation of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and tissue factor. In addition to activation, LPS induces endothelial cell death that is apoptotic in nature. This review summarizes the evidence for LPS-induced vascular endothelial injury and examines the molecular signaling pathways that activate and inhibit LPS-induced endothelial apoptosis. Furthermore, the role of apoptotic signaling molecules in mediating LPS-induced activation of endothelial cells will be considered.
Some remarks on the geometry of contact formation cells

The contact formation cells of a polygonal planar system of rigid bodies in contact have been studied in Farahat et al. There, it was shown that the CF-cells are smooth manifolds, but the methods used were too complicated to extend to three-dimensional polygonal rigid body systems. In this paper, the authors develop an alternative way to define contact formation cells. Under the new definition, the authors show that the contact formation cells are smooth manifolds, and further that all intersections of contact formation cells are smooth manifolds. The simplicity of the new definition makes it easy to prove the smoothness results for three-dimensional systems. Also, the authors investigate other extensions of the results in Farahat et al.
Free tissue transfer reconstruction of the head and neck at a Veterans Affairs hospital

Background The Veterans Affairs (VA) population is considered to have generally poorer health than its non-VA counterpart. Methods We reviewed our experience with 55 consecutive patients undergoing free tissue transfers for head and neck reconstruction at the Dallas VA Hospital between July 2000 and September 2006, with 6 months' follow-up. Results The overall success rate was 93% (51 of 55 flaps). Factors affecting flap survival were fasciocutaneous flap versus others (p = .01) and minimal versus excessive intraoperative crystalloid administration (p = .03). Nine different flaps were used. Major and minor complications occurred in 33% (n = 18) and 31% (n = 17) patients, respectively. Average intensive care unit and hospital stays were 7.4 and 16.0 days, respectively. Conclusions Free flaps for head and neck reconstructions in the VA population can be performed with excellent success rates. Complication rates and hospital days in this population are similar to those of the non-VA populations. Flap selection and administration of minimal intraoperative fluids are important. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Diagnostics on Steady-State Cross-Flow Arcs

A novel cross-flow arc system has been developed which permits the attainment of repeatable arc configurations, oriented in the vertical plane containing the horizontal upstream flow vector, symmetrical in cross section, and symmetrical with respect to the midlocation between the electrodes. A bow-shaped arc is found at lower currents (less than about 20 amperes); a cusp-shaped arc is obtained at higher currents (greater than about 40 amperes). A transition regime is observed at intermediate levels. A unique optical system has been developed in order to observe the arc simultaneously at many different azimuthal locations. With this system, and with the aid of an inversion method developed in [8], isotherm distributions within the arc have now been obtained for the first time. These isotherms, obtained in a horizontal plane near midlocation between the electrodes, indicate that the arc may be divided into a central core region, nearly circular in cross section, and an outer region wherein convective exchange probably predominates. For a given average through-flow velocity, the extent of the central core becomes greater as the current is increased. The cross-flow arc appears noncircular in cross section, with the major axis oriented in the direction of flow. The experiments were conducted in argon (at atmospheric pressure), at constant speed (43.8 cm/s), and constant electrode spacing (6.64 mm); arc current was varied in the range between 17.2 and 34.1 amperes.
High-Gain Amplifiers With Amorphous-Silicon Thin-Film Transistors

This letter demonstrates amplifier design with amorphous-hydrogenated-silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) for high dc gain. High dc gain is achieved by using positive feedback to improve load impedance. The transfer characteristics of the amplifier are resistant to threshold voltage shift in the TFTs.
The Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis MAP3464 Gene Encodes an Oxidoreductase Involved in Invasion of Bovine Epithelial Cells through the Activation of Host Cell Cdc42

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of cattle takes place through the intestinal mucosa. To identify M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes associated with the invasion of bovine epithelial cells in vitro, we screened a library of transposon mutants. Several mutants of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were identified which invaded Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) epithelial cells less efficiently than wild-type (wt) M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The ΔOx mutant had the transposon located in the MAP3464 gene, a putative oxidoreductase gene whose expression is upregulated upon bacterial contact with MDBK cells. Complete restoration of invasion comparable to that for the wt bacterium was achieved by introducing a copy of the complete oxidoreductase operon into the ΔOx mutant. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis indicated that wt M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis activates Cdc42 and RhoA pathways of internalization 15 and 60 min after infection of the host cell, respectively. The ΔOx mutant, however, failed to activate the Cdc42 pathway. To determine whether an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis protein delivered to the host cell mediates the entry of the wt bacterium by activation of the Cdc42 pathway, affinity precipitation of active Cdc42 from MDBK-infected cells followed by mass spectrometry was carried out. We identified a 17-amino-acid bacterial peptide associated with the Cdc42 of cells infected with wt M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis but not with the ΔOx mutant. The sequence of the peptide matches MAP3985c, a hypothetical protein, possibly functioning as a putative Cdc42 effector. These findings reveal a novel signaling pathway activated during M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis entry that links the product of MAP3464 gene to activation of Cdc42 in the host cell.
Government and Opposition in the Argentine Congress, 1989-2007: Understanding Inter-Party Dynamics through Roll Call Vote Analysis

This article employs roll call vote data and Bayesian ideal point estimation to examine inter-party dynamics in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies between 1989 and 2007. It highlights the presence in the Argentine Congress of a strong government vs. opposition dimension as well as identi- fies the relative position on this dimension, vis-a-vis the governing party, of the most prominent non-governing parties. Special attention is paid to the evolution of inter-party legislative dynamics during Argentina's brief experi- ence with coalition government (1999-2001) and to party behavior in the Chamber during the final two years of President Nestor Kirchner's term in office (2005-07).
Total Circulating Erythrocyte and Plasma Volumes of Ducks Measured Simultaneously With Cr51

Abstract EARLIER reports of total blood, plasma, and erythrocyte volumes in birds have been reviewed by Sturkie (1965). There are large differences in values with different species and with different methods of analysis. In many cases, dye-dilution procedures for plasma volume have not included a correction for the dye lost from circulation between injection and sampling. Most determinations of total blood volume have been indirect, through a calculation using venous hematocrit and either plasma volume or erythrocyte volume. Since in mammals the whole-body hematocrit is different from the venous hematocrit (Ebert and Stead, 1941), such indirectly-determined blood volumes in birds may be in error by perhaps 10%. No simultaneous determinations of erythrocyte and plasma volumes, and no ratios of whole-body hematocrit to venous hematocrit, have been reported for birds. An unsuccessful Cr51 tag-dilution procedure for total plasma and erythrocyte volumes in man (Read and Gilbertsen, 1957; Lajtha, personal communication) has been . . .
A capacitively-loaded MEMS Slot element for wireless temperature sensing of up to 300°C

In this paper we present a new slot antenna with an embedded temperature sensor for remote sensing in harsh environment applications. When the antenna is illuminated with a plane wave it returns a signal. The returned signal's frequency is modulated by the loaded capacitance formed by an array of MEMS bimorph (metal-dielectric) cantilevers. The MEMS cantilevers deflect downwards when the temperature is changed from 20°C to 300°C. As a result, the resonant frequency of the slot is linearly tuned from 19.45 to 19.30 GHz. The design yields a totally passive and integrated antenna/sensor. The MEMS fabrication is inherently robust, does not suffer from the creep or fatigue problems of traditional bimorph temperature sensors, and has a very high manufacturing yield, even in an academic clean room environment.
Experience with 45 Consecutive Patients with Neobladders Undergoing Retrograde Ureteroscopy for Upper Tract Abnormalities

Abstract Introduction In this study we reviewed the feasibility, technique, complications and outcomes of retrograde ureteroscopy in patients with orthotopic neobladders. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our retrograde ureteroscopic experience in patients with orthotopic ileal neobladder diversions. Data were collected and analyzed regarding patient characteristics, indications, technique, success and complications of the procedure. Results Between 1995 and 2013, 45 patients with neobladders underwent 77 retrograde ureteroscopy sessions on 97 renal units for filling defects (47 cases), urothelial thickening (9), calculi (4), positive cytology (27) and/or positive fluorescence in situ hybridization (15) on followup. The ureter and renal pelvis were successfully instrumented in 78 of 97 units (80.4%), with 85.3% success in Hautmann-type neobladders (75 renal units attempted), 50% in Studer-type neobladders (8 renal units attempted) and 71.4% in unascertained-type neobladders (14 renal units attempted). Causes of failure involved the inability to locate the ureteral orifice (8 cases), to cannulate the orifice (6 cases) or to advance the ureteroscope due to tortuosity (5 cases). Among the successful attempts with appropriately documented findings 35.9% of cases with filling defects (39) were confirmed malignant and 61.5% were confirmed benign by ureteroscopy. All cases with a positive cytology (23) and 85.7% of cases with positive fluorescence in situ hybridization (14) were confirmed malignant by retrograde ureteroscopy, and 2 of the 4 cases of calculi were successfully managed retrogradely. Conclusions Retrograde ureteroscopic evaluation of upper tract abnormalities is feasible and practical in patients with orthotopic neobladders. Identification and cannulation of the ureteral orifice are challenging, particularly in tortuous situations, but difficulties can be overcome with fluoroscopic techniques. Retrograde ureteroscopy avoids the morbidity of percutaneous access with minimal complications.
Coordinated Control of dCTCF and gypsy Chromatin Insulators in Drosophila

CTCF plays a central role in vertebrate insulators and forms part of the Fab-8 insulator in Drosophila. dCTCF is present at hundreds of sites in the Drosophila genome, where it is located at the boundaries between bands and interbands in polytene chromosomes. dCTCF colocalizes with CP190, which is required for proper binding of dCTCF to chromatin, but not with the other gypsy insulator proteins Su(Hw) or Mod(mdg4)2.2. Mutations in the CP190 gene affect Fab-8 insulator activity, suggesting that CP190 is an essential component of both gypsy and dCTCF insulators. dCTCF is present at specific nuclear locations, forming large insulator bodies that overlap with those formed by Su(Hw), Mod(mdg4)2.2, and CP190. The results suggest that Su(Hw) and dCTCF may be the DNA-binding components of two different subsets of insulators that share CP190 and cooperate in the formation of insulator bodies to regulate the organization of the chromatin fiber in the nucleus.
Organizational Structure, Determinants of Promotion, and Gender Differences in Attainment

Abstract In this paper, we differentiate between merit and vacancy driven promotion regimes. In the former, a vacancy at a higher level is not necessary for promotion; in the latter, a job opening is required. Using work histories from a large insurance company we investigate the implications for individual attainment from exposure to each of the advancement systems. We also examine how organizational structures differentially generate the two kinds of advancement regimes. Vacancy-based moves represent discontinuities in an otherwise orderly career progression; they become relevant when an employee reaches the ceiling grade of a job ladder or wishes to change work location. We conclude by examining the ability of this formulation of promotion regimes to account for the lower rates of attainment by women, relative to men, in large corporate settings.
Comparison of methods for fitting data using Johnson translation distributions

The Johnson translation family of distributions provides a variety of distributional shapes for the modelling of empirical data that are readily used in simulation models. We compare a number of methods for estimating the parameters of these distributions, including moment matching (MM), least squares (ordinary- (OLS), weighted- (WLS) and diagonally weighted- (DWLS) least squares), and maximum likelihood (MLE). A sampling study is made to determine the properties of the fitted parameters and estimates based on the fitted parameters, such as the quantiles of the distribution. We restrict attention to the case that the analyst knows the correct distribution when fitting the parameters.
Applying pseudonimity for anonymous data delivery in location-aware mobile ad hoc networks

Privacy is becoming a major issue in ad hoc networks. In this paper, using pseudonimity for achieving communication anonymity in networks that apply geographic-routing algorithms is explored. An Anonymous Receiver-Contention POsitioning (ARCPO) routing algorithm is proposed. Node identities (IDs) are kept anonymous. Pseudonyms, i.e., the positions of destinations, are used for data-packet delivery. The anonymity for a destination relies on the difficulty of matching its position to its ID by any observer. Position servers that provide node position information act as trusted third parties and handle identity management. Node mobility makes the use of the pseudonym momentary, and therefore can further improve privacy. The anonymity for the source and intermediate nodes in the path is also achieved because they are not required to reveal any identity information. A receiver-contention mechanism is proposed so that a next hop can be generated without local position information exchange, which otherwise may lead to severe privacy degradation. Analysis and simulation show that while ARCPO guarantees anonymous communication in ad hoc networks, its routing performance degrades moderately compared with other position routing algorithms
Leadership Development in Service-Learning: An Exploratory Investigation

The purpose of this investigation was to understand how six students, an alumna, and a faculty member at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro perceived their space to emerge as leaders in service-learning endeavors, and to gain insight into how universities create that space. The results indicated that providing support, resources, and space for students to integrate their studies, values, and civic commitment in a systematic and logical fashion helped them to feel better prepared for leadership roles in communities as well as in their future professions.
Rat hepatic stellate cells produce cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in culture and in vivo

Hepatic stellate cells are widely recognized for their contribution to liver fibrosis. This study investigated whether these cells also promote hepatic inflammation by producing neutrophil chemoatt...
Development of an undergraduate structured laboratory to support classical and new base technology experiments in communications

This paper describes an effective method of teaching a communications laboratory course that supports classical as well as new base technology experiments to undergraduate electrical engineering students. Primarily, experiments dealing with the design of the basic building blocks of analog and digital communications systems are targeted, which provides an opportunity for the student to become familiar with various signal processing techniques applied in modern communications systems, to learn how to operate the communication laboratory test equipment, and to obtain exposure to some hardware/software design and implementation of these subsystems. The second level of experimentation involves a small system in which discrete or integrated devices are used to build small systems. Level three involves experimentation with a complete communications system, such as a fiber optics communications system or a simulated satellite link. Four sample experiments are described in some detail. >
Paleoreconstruction of cool season precipitation and warm season streamflow in the Pacific Northwest with applications to climate change assessments

[1] Long-term streamflow reconstructions help characterize climate variability and extreme climatic events, such as droughts, which play a crucial role in water resource planning. Dendrohydrological reconstructions generally build on indirect associations between streamflow and radial tree growth, both of which depend on cool season precipitation in the Pacific Northwest. We develop a new approach that integrates a tree ring reconstruction of cool season precipitation with historical meteorological data and a physically based hydrologic model to reconstruct warm season streamflow and streamflow uncertainty. The Upper Yakima Basin in Washington state is used as a test case. We applied objective screening, principal components analysis, and multiple linear regression to reconstruct 366 years of basin-average cool season precipitation. The reconstruction was integrated with five temporally and spatially distributed cool season precipitation patterns spanning the historical range of natural variability. These distributed meteorological reconstructions were used as inputs to the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model over the Yakima basin to produce an ensemble of warm season streamflows for each reconstructed year. The resultant streamflow reconstruction retains dendroclimatic information and quantifies the inherent uncertainty in warm season streamflow associated with historical meteorology. Finally, the meteorological reconstructions were systematically perturbed and used to drive the VIC to examine the potential impacts of climate change on warm season streamflow over the 366-year record. Despite projected wetter conditions in the future, less precipitation is stored as snowpack (due to warmer winter temperatures) and consequently warm season streamflow will be systematically reduced. The combination of long records of variability and systematic changes related to climate change provides useful information about the combined effects of natural variability and projected systematic changes in climate to support 21st-century water planning.
Human phagocytes have multiple lipid A-binding sites.

Abstract Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent stimulus of cells, yet a target protein for LPS has not been defined. We used two approaches to define LPS-binding sites on cell surfaces: one assay measured binding of LPS-coated erythrocytes (ELPS) to cultured human cells, and a second measured binding of a radiolabeled probe, [32P]lipid IVA, to intact leukocytes. The first approach identified the CD11-CD18 family of integrins as lipid A-binding sites in human phagocytes, and the latter approach demonstrated saturable lipid A binding to intact murine macrophages, as well as to an approximately 95-kDa binding protein in purified membrane preparations. Because CD18 has a known molecular mass of 95 kDa, we sought to determine whether the [32P]lipid IVA-binding site was CD18. Binding of ELPS and [32P]lipid IVA to human macrophages was found to differ with respect to temperature, divalent cation dependence, cellular specificity, and susceptibility to competition by polyanions. To determine whether the previously described 95-kDa lipid A-binding protein was CD18, nitrocellulose-immobilized RAW264.7 membrane proteins were probed with [32P]lipid IVA and subsequently immunoblotted with a monoclonal antibody to murine CD18. The lipid A-binding protein has an electrophoretic mobility slightly different from that of CD18. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antiserum to the CD11-CD18 family of proteins did not inhibit lipid IVA binding to intact human macrophages. Finally, mononuclear cells from two patients with CD18 deficiency failed to form rosettes with ELPS but bound [32P]lipid IVA normally. Thus, different LPS preparations may bind to cells in a CD18-dependent or -independent manner. Since ELPS is particulate and lipid IVA is a fine dispersion, the identity of the binding site may depend on the physical state of the LPS.
Improved implantation rates of day 3 embryo transfers with the use of an automated time-lapse–enabled test to aid in embryo selection

Objective To determine if an automated time-lapse test (TL-test) combined with traditional morphology for embryo selection and day 3 transfer results in improved clinical outcomes. Design Prospective concurrent-controlled pilot study. Setting IVF clinic and laboratory. Patient(s) A total of 319 female patients Intervention(s) Automated time-lapse embryo assessment combined with morphologic assessment in the study (test) group compared with morphologic assessment only (control group). Main Outcome Measure(s) Embryo implantation, pregnancy, and multiple pregnancy rates. Subanalysis of implantation potential of embryos based on the TL-test (TL-high vs. TL-low) scores. Result(s) Implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the test group compared with the control group (implantation rates 30.2% vs. 19.0%, clinical pregnancy rates 46.0% vs. 32.1%, respectively). Multiple pregnancy rates were not statistically different (26.7% vs. 18.3%). Test group patients receiving at least one TL-high embryo had significantly higher implantation rates than patients receiving only TL-low embryos (36.8% vs. 20.6%). TL-high compared with TL-low embryos had significantly higher implantation rates (44.7% vs. 20.5%). Among morphologically good embryos, TL-high embryos were more likely to implant than TL-low embryos (44.1% vs. 20.6%). Conclusion(s) This is the first report demonstrating improved implantation rates in patients receiving day 3 embryo transfers based on the combined use of a TL-test along and traditional morphology. Our findings confirm that the noninvasive TL-test adds valuable information to traditional morphologic grading. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT01671657.
Factors modifying protective effect of anti-CD18 antibodies on myocardial reperfusion injury in dogs

Anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) have demonstrated variable protection against neutrophil (PMN)-mediated myocardial reperfusion injury. To identify factors contributing to this variability, open-chest dogs underwent coronary artery occlusion for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 3.5 h. Ten minutes before reperfusion the dogs received saline (n = 18) or one of three anti-CD18 MAb: MHM.23, R15.7, or PLM-2 (2, 1, and 1 mg/kg and n = 19, 8, and 4, respectively). Collateral flow was measured with radioactive microspheres, area at risk was assessed with monastral blue dye, and infarct size was measured postmortem by triphenyltetrazolium chloride. In vitro, all three MAb bound to canine PMNs, but only MHM.23 and R15.7 inhibited their adherence to keyhole limpet hemocyanin-coated plastic. In vivo, only MHM.23 and R15.7 significantly reduced infarct size after adjusting for the effect of collateral flow. MHM.23 afforded protection in dogs with moderate ischemia (epicardial collateral flow > 0.1 ml.min-1.g-1, infarct size reduced 46%) but not in dogs with more severe ischemia. Only R15.7 was effective in dogs with severe ischemia. Although MHM.23 and R15.7 produced similar inhibition of tissue PMN accumulation, as reflected by myeloperoxidase activity. R15.7 markedly inhibited H2O2 production by PMNs after exposure to platelet-activating factor, whereas MHM.23 had only a minimal effect. The effectiveness of different anti-CD18 MAb in preventing reperfusion injury appears to be 1) highly dependent on the specific anti-CD18 MAb employed, 2) predicted only partially by in vitro binding to PMNs, static in vitro tests of PMN adherence, or the extent of inhibition of PMN accumulation in vivo, 3) related more to their ability to inhibit oxidant release from activated PMNs, and 4) strongly influenced by the severity of myocardial ischemia before reperfusion.
The Unreliability of Prognostic Criteria in Osteosarcoma

A study of the cases of seven long-term survivors from a series of 39 cases of osteosarcoma has been analyzed. Parameters considered were age, sex, location and size of tumor, duration of symptoms, histologic grading, and treatment. The authors were unable to identify any differences between survivors and non-survivors except for a direct relationship between average duration of symptoms prior to definitive diagnosis and survival. The five-year and tenyear survival rates were 23.3 and 16.7%, respectively, consistent with other recently-reported studies. An unusual case of long-term survival with osteosarcoma in a patient with Paget’s disease is included.
REPLICATION OF RNA VIRUSES I. CHARACTERIZATION OF A VIRAL RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE.

An enzyme which catalyzes the RNA-dependent synthesis of RNA from the ribonucleoside triphosphates has been purified 100-fold from extracts of Escherichia coli infected with the RNA bacteriophage f2, su -11. For this synthesis, Mg 2+ , RNA, and each of the four ribonucleoside triphosphates of adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine are required. Bacterial ribosomal and soluble RNA and viral RNA all satisfy the requirement for RNA. The enzyme also catalyzes an exchange between inorganic pyrophosphate and ribonucleoside triphosphates in the presence of a relatively high concentration of inorganic pyrophosphate. The RNA product of the synthetic reaction has an average polymer length of at least 300 to 400 ribonucleotide units and contains each of the four different ribonucleotides in internal phosphodiester linkage. The requirements of the reaction distinguish this RNA virus RNA polymerase from other enzymes catalyzing the DNA- or RNA-dependent synthesis of RNA.
Studying Federal District Courts Through Published Cases: A Research Note'

This article questions the appropriateness of using only published cases for social science research on federal district courts. First, the process of filtering cases from disposition to reporting is described. Then a sample of all civil cases terminated in one district court is traced to see which are reported in Lexis. Published cases tend to over-represent civil rights and government regulatory cases and to under-represent most other categories. They still, however, include only a small minority of the important cases, as measured by class action, interest group presence, or plaintiffs’ attorneys’ perception. Thus, published cases are neither a representative sample of district court cases nor a selection of all important cases.
A Review of “Born Under Auschwitz. Melancholy Traditions in Postwar German Literature.“: Mary Cosgrove. Rochester: Camden House, 2014. 234 pp.

Cosgrove's tightly written volume traces the rich European traditions of melancholy as applied to memory work and Vergangenheitsbewaltigung in German post-World War II literary texts, especially in...
Therapy of migraine by electrolytes affecting the blood volume

Abstract The results of therapy of migraine over a period of three years with a mixture of calcium lactate and potassium chloride are reported. Of 150 patients 24 per cent had excellent results, 39 per cent good results, 27 per cent fair results (still require ergotamine tartrate) and in 10 per cent the therapy was noneffective. The detailed study revealed that spontaneous diuresis may precede the scotoma as the initial sign of an impending attack. Relaxation or "let down" in activity may be a precipitating factor in the migraine syndrome. In this series a better therapeutic response was obtained in patients with left-sided headaches than in those with right-sided headaches.
Waiting to Become: Adjunct Faculty Experiences at Multi-Campus Community Colleges

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of adjunct faculty who aspire to full-time positions at multi-campus community colleges. A paucity of research on this topic revealed the need to examine the experiences of adjunct faculty working at multi-campus community colleges (Wolfe & Strange, 2003). The notion that adjunct faculty choose part-time teaching to earn extra money, give back to the community, or are retirees was not a reality (House Committee on Education and the Workforce Democratic Staff, 2014). Descriptive phenomenology was employed to conduct this study. Seven adjunct faculty members, two men and five women, were selected as research participants, utilizing a purposive sampling technique involving two multi-campus community colleges in the Midwest. Data gathered from 21 semi-structured interviews were analyzed to identify emergent themes. Ten distinct themes and two subthemes were discussed and contextualized within the literature. Implications for practice, policy, a...
Synaptotagmin isoforms confer distinct activation kinetics and dynamics to chromaffin cell granules.

Adrenomedullary chromaffin cells respond to sympathetic nervous system activation by secreting a cocktail of potent neuropeptides and hormones into the circulation. The distinct phases of the chromaffin cell secretory response have been attributed to the progressive fusion of distinct populations of dense core granules with different activation kinetics. However, it has been difficult to define what distinguishes these populations at the molecular level. Functional segregation of granule pools may depend on selective sorting of synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1) and synaptotagmin-7 (Syt-7), which our previous work showed are rarely cosorted to the same granule. Here we assess the consequences of selective sorting of Syt isoforms in chromaffin cells, particularly with respect to granule dynamics and activation kinetics. Upon depolarization of cells expressing fluorescent Syt isoforms using elevated K+, we find that Syt-7 granules fuse with faster kinetics than Syt-1 granules, irrespective of stimulation strength. Pharmacological blockade of Ca2+ channels reveals differential dependence of Syt-1 versus Syt-7 granule exocytosis on Ca2+ channel subtypes. Syt-7 granules also show a greater tendency to fuse in clusters than Syt-1 granules, and granules harboring Syt-1 travel a greater distance before fusion than those with Syt-7, suggesting that there is spatial and fusion-site heterogeneity among the two granule populations. However, the greatest functional difference between granule populations is their responsiveness to Ca2+. Upon introduction of Ca2+ into permeabilized cells, Syt-7 granules fuse with fast kinetics and high efficacy, even at low Ca2+ levels (e.g., when cells are weakly stimulated). Conversely, Syt-1 granules require a comparatively larger increase in intracellular Ca2+ for activation. At Ca2+ concentrations above 30 µM, activation kinetics are faster for Syt-1 granules than for Syt-7 granules. Our study provides evidence for functional specialization of chromaffin cell granules via selective expression of Syt isoforms with different Ca2+ sensitivities.
Coupling in a dual metallo-dielectric nanolaser system

To achieve high packing density in on-chip photonic integrated circuits, subwavelength scale nanolasers that can operate without crosstalk are essential components. Metallo-dielectric nanolasers are especially suited for this type of dense integration due to their lower Joule loss and nanoscale dimensions. Although coupling between optical cavities when placed in proximity to one another has been widely reported, whether the phenomenon is induced for metal-clad cavities has not been investigated thus far. We demonstrate coupling between two metallo-dielectric nanolasers by reducing the separation between the two cavities. A split in the resonant wavelength and quality factor is observed, caused by the creation of bonding and anti-bonding supermodes. To preserve the independence of the two closely spaced cavities, the resonance of one of the cavities is detuned relative to the other, thereby preventing coupling.
Arc Mapping: A Critical Review

Arc mapping is a method for graphically documenting a fire pattern which comprises arc marks on the wiring of a structure due to the effects of fire, with the goal of using this information to assist in establishing the area of origin of the fire. The concept was initially presented in 1955, but without any published science (experimental, theoretical, or modeling) basis. By the 1990s, the method was being widely used by fire investigators. Meanwhile, the first paper containing substantive research did not appear until 2005. In this first-ever critical review of the subject, careful consideration of engineering principles and large-scale experimental studies on the subject indicate that the relevance and prominence of arc mapping as a leading indicator of fire origin have been notably overstated. The technique is valid and applicable only in some very limited scenarios. Yet it has seen increased use in recent years by investigators preparing fire reports. In many cases, such attempted use of arc mapping is based on incorrect and invalid hypotheses, which are often implicitly assumed to be true instead of being explicitly stated. Fire patterns are subdivided into directionality (movement) patterns and intensity patterns. Analysis of the research indicates that valid conditions can be expected for use of arc mapping as a directionality indicator in less than 1% of building wiring circuits which sustain arcing. For intensity patterns created by arc sites, propensity is governed by three main variables: fuel loading, ventilation, and burning duration. Only the last is potentially associated with a location being the area of fire origin. But experiments show that fuel and ventilation effects are likely to dominate, instead. In the best-documented study so far, only 23% of arc beads were found to be located near the area of origin, while 61% were found at areas of heavy fuel concentration. This indicates that, in the general case, arc mapping results cannot be used to draw conclusions as to the fire origin. Only in rare cases where it might be demonstrated that fuel concentration or ventilation effects were not governing, would it be possible to use arc mapping results as pointers to the area of fire origin. Since arc mapping is used almost exclusively for forensic purposes, it must be emphasized that methods should not be used, unless it can be demonstrated that they are reliable indicators of what is claimed, and that they are being used properly.
ZHANG ZAI'S (1020–1077) CRITIQUE OF THE SENSES

Often termed as wenjian zhizhi 聞見之知 (knowing from hearing and seeing), sensory knowing was a prominent topic in Song (960–1279) writings. Zhang Zai 張載 (1020–1077) developed a systematic critique of sense perception in the broad context of learning. While endorsing its utility, Zhang considered this way of knowing to be partial, superficial, and prone to error. He located the source of sensory errors inside the human body, arguing that the sense organs’ vulnerability to pathological changes constituted the cause for perceptual fallibility. This line of argument had solid corroborating evidence in contemporaneous medical knowledge, a field of study Zhang was interested in pursuing. In sum, Zhang's critique demonstrated the importance of the senses and the different ways in which middle-period Chinese literati conceptualized the problem of perception in comparison with Western epistemological traditions.
Little's test of missing completely at random

In missing-data analysis, Little's test (1988, Journal of the American Statistical Association 83: 1198–1202) is useful for testing the assumption of missing completely at random for multivariate, ...
The Levi Problem and the Solution of ∂̅ on Strictly Pseudoconvex Domains

In the preceding chapter we developed a general integral representation formula for differential forms, and we saw, in the case of convex domains, some of its major applications whenever there is a generating form which is globally holomorphic in the parameter z. In this chapter we apply these techniques to a strictly pseudoconvex domain D. Here the geometric information is only local, and there is no simple way to find a globally holomorphic generating form.
I. Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). Aquation equilibria and isotopic exchange of chloride ligands with free chloride and tetrachloroplatinate(II). II. The Szilard--Chalmers effect in solid-state systems containing the octa-. mu. /sub 3/-chloro-octahedro-hexamolybdenum(II) cluster

A titration technique was utilized to determine the equilibrium quotients for the first and second aquation steps of cis-Pt(NH/sub 3/)/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/. At 25.0/sup 0/C and an ionic strength of 0.318 M the first and second aquation equilibrium constants are: K/sub 1/ = 3.63 +- 0.22 x 10/sup -3/ M, ..delta..H/sub 1//sup 0/ = 3.4 kcal and K/sub 2/ = 1.11 +- 0.14 x 10/sup -4/ M, ..delta..H/sub 2//sup 0/ = 10 kcal. In the ternary system, cis-Pt(NH/sub 3/)/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/:PtCl/sub 4//sup 2 -/:Cl/sup -/, the kinetics of isotopic exchange of chlorine was investigated. In addition to the expected route of exchange via aquation, a direct exchange of chlorine ligands between cis-Pt(NH/sub 3/)/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ and PtCl/sub 4//sup 2 -/ occurred which is described by the rate expression. Separation procedures were devised for partial resolution of component yields resulting from dissolving a neutron-irradiated sample of (H/sub 3/O)/sub 2/((Mo/sub 6/Cl/sub 8/)Cl/sub 6/) . 6H/sub 2/O in 1.5 N HCl. A recrystallization procedure was formulated to determine the retention of activity in the parent compound of molybdenum(II) chloride clusters after neutron irradiation. The retention found in an aqueous 1.5 N HCl solution containing 1 percent (H/sub 3/O)/sub 2/((Mo/sub 6/Cl/sub 8/)Cl/sub 6/) .more » 6H/sub 2/O is 0.64 percent. For a solid sample of (H/sub 3/O)/sub 2/ ((Mo/sub 6/Cl/sub 8/)Cl/sub 6/) . 6H/sub 2/O aged 24 hours in Dry Ice after neutron irradiation, a retention of 7.0 percent was observed. Under the same conditions, a sample of (Mo/sub 6/Cl/sub 8/)Cl/sub 4/ with 0.8 percent and 2.7 percent water had retentions of 25.0 percent and 11.1 percent, respectively. Effects of thermal annealing and gamma ray treatment on solid samples of ((Mo/sub 6/Cl/sub 8/)Cl/sub 4/) . 2H/sub 2/O were investigated.« less
Focused Ion Beam Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (FIB-SIMS)

Focused ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry (FIB-SIMS) is a material identification technique that combines the high spatial resolution of FIB with the high elemental sensitivity of SIMS. FIB-SIMS has generated important elemental analysis data in the form of ion images for a wide range of applications including minerals, metal alloys, semiconductors, and biological materials. Quantitative imaging is possible by analysis of cross sections of reference samples in which elements are ion implanted or present at known concentrations in the substrate of interest. Elemental information on complex materials can be obtained using the high mass resolution capability of magnetic sector or time of flight analyzers. This technique will provide improved elemental sensitivity as new methods for enhancement of secondary ion yields can be developed.