cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The reality of unreal situations: Caveats and insights

The specifics of the case (the context) are highly important to how different theorists will react in conducting an evaluation. By this, we think of contexts in a very broad sense. A context is not only a disciplinary field (say, education) or a specific kind of program within that field (Head Start, for example), but also all the particularities that relate to the organization, the individuals within that organization, and those who are affected by the program. The context is also influenced by how broadly the evaluator chooses to view the program. In the instance of Bunche‐Da Vinci, we have an elementary school in a low-income, heavily bilingual area. We also have a program that is a unique partnership of the school and the Da Vinci Learning Corporation. Each of the theorists has done evaluations related to education, though not necessarily elementary schools. The four theorists admittedly have differential levels of experience in dealing with instances like Bunche‐Da Vinci. King and Greene have had the most firsthand experience with situations like that presented to them. Henry has dealt with the evaluation of educational programs, but within the context of public policy. Thus, his experience with evaluating education is at a more macro level. Donaldson has performed evaluations in a variety of fields, with his primary exposure to education outside the context of K‐12. What impact does this have on the way in which the theorists deal with Bunche‐Da Vinci? The way this exercise was constructed also has implications for how the theorists might approach the evaluation. Some theoretical approaches
Rapid Ventricular Response Due to Treatment of Atrial Flutter or Fibrillation with Class IC Antiarrhythmic Drugs

The Class IC antiarrhythmic drugs, propafenone and flecainide, may slow the atrial rate during atrial flutter permitting 1:1 AV conduction. This effect is well known to occur soon after starting treatment for atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter with these Class IC drugs. We report two patients who had adverse effects after prolonged treatment with either propaienone or flecainide. In addition, we illustrate that this adverse effect can occur despite concomitant treatment with drugs that act on the AV node to prevent rapid AV conduction. A.N.E. 2000;5(1):101–104
Measurement of the Socioeconomic Impact of Lake Restoration: An Assessment Model Employing a Benefit/Cost Cross-Impact Probabilistic Approach

. A number of lake restoration demonstraton projects have been launched by the Environmental Protection Agency as a result of Public Law 92-500. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these public investment projects requires the development of an assessment model. The proposed Benefit/Cost Cross-Impact Probabilistic Approach (BCCIPA) is one attempt at assessing the interdependent socioeconomic and environmental impacts of the lake restoration project over time, both quantitatively and qualitatively, so that various changes brought about by the project can be investigated and evaluated in two comparative stages for three points in time—before, during and after project implementation.
Bank on the Currency Principle

Since 1980, over 130 countries, almost three-quarters of the IMF member countries, have experienced significant money and banking problems. Indeed, most emerging and many developed countries have endured the pain of full-blown financial crises that have, in some cases, required taxpayer-financed bank bailouts equal to 10 to 20% of GDP. The cures offered for emerging economies have, alas, been wide of the mark. The prescriptions would require the emerging economies simply to mimic the money and banking systems in the OECD countries. These cures are wrongheaded in principle, and in practice, they are not feasible. That is why financial crises continue to occur regularly, if not with increased frequency, in emerging economies.
Standard of care and novel treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Purpose The standard of care and novel treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are reviewed. Summary Recent advances in the treatment of CLL have dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape for both patients and health care professionals. The majority of conventional first-line therapies are noncurative and are only used to treat disease that is symptomatic or progressive and include chlorambucil, monotherapy with purine analogues, and combination chemotherapy. Immunotherapeutic agents such as rituximab and alemtuzumab may be indicated in select patient populations. However, because clinical trials have found that overall survival does not depend on the initial therapy, selection of first-line therapy should be based on patient-specific factors and the patient’s goals for therapy with respect to response, survival, and symptom palliation. Progression-free survival time and time to treatment are critical endpoints for CLL treatment. An increasingly important endpoint is minimal residual disease (MRD), as it is considered to be the major cause of relapse in CLL. Finally, comparison of toxicities between different therapies is critical in CLL, as it is in other disease states. Several new agents are currently being evaluated for use in CLL, including alvocidib, oblimersen, and lumiliximab. Conclusion Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for the majority of patients with CLL. The introduction of rituximab, alemtuzumab, and bendamustine has improved the current outlook for patients with CLL. As overall survival does not appear to depend on the initial therapy, treatment should be selected based on patient-specific factors and goals. Challenges in CLL include determining when to initiate therapy, eradicating MRD, and managing therapeutic resistance.
Quaestio disputata: when does quality of life count? A response to Gilbert Meilaender.

The author argued earlier that the distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means is essential to quality-of-life considerations. Gilbert Meilaender responded that quality-of-life considerations are not appropriate for incapacitated patients or those relying on others. Wildes insists that these considerations are inescapable for any patient and are a constitutive element in assessing the efficacy of treatment for any patient. He suggests that Meilaender has failed to distinguish between useless treatment and burdensome treatment.
Utility of pre- and post-MR arthrogram imaging of the shoulder: effect on patient care.

Objective:MR arthrogram imaging of the shoulder is considered more accurate in assessing shoulder pathology than conventional MRI. Arthrography is a minimally invasive procedure. However, most patients prefer to have conventional MRI rather than MR arthrogram imaging. We report the benefit of assessing pre-arthrogram conventional MRI, to determine whether an MR arthrogram is needed for further evaluation.Methods:100 consecutive conventional shoulder MR and MR arthrography examinations performed on the same patients were reviewed retrospectively by independent reading of 2 musculoskeletal radiologists. Both conventional MR and MR arthrogram examinations were performed on each patient on the same day. Conventional MR and MR arthrogram examinations were assessed for labral tears and supraspinatus tendon tears. All patients went on to arthroscopy.Results:Of these 100 patients, 43 patients had superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears, 28 patients had posterior labral tears, 23 patients had anterior l...
The Proper Attitude toward Death: Windowpanes Designed for the House of Canon Sixtus Tucher

A pair of stained-glass trefoils dating from 1502 presents an iconography unique within the vast field of late medieval art and literature focusing on death. Recent discoveries confirm the provenance of the glass as the Tucher House in the Grassersgasse in Nuremberg and the identity of the patron as Canon Sixtus Tucher. The roots of this commission can be traced through several channels: Sixtus Tucher's reaction against the very popular theme of the Dance of Death, his immersion in certain late medieval mystical texts, and — perhaps most important — his opposition to the new humanist tenets dismissing death as a motivating force for life.
The dermatopathologist's role in genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes: Utility versus patient liberty

You are a dermatopathologist at a large academic medical center. A clinician in your department submits a shave biopsy specimen from a 33-year-old woman with a yellow papule on the nasal ala, concerning for basal cell carcinoma. According to the requisition, she has no personal or family history of skin cancer; no other family history is recorded. On review of the biopsy specimen, you find a dermal tumor comprised of basaloid germinative cells with admixed sebocytes. You sign out the case as sebaceous adenoma. Several days later, your clinician colleague calls you asking to have microsatellite instability (MSI) testing performed on the specimen. Although many dermatopathology laboratories may perform this testing reflexively, yours does not. Upon review of the chart, you notice that the patient has not yet been notified of the histologic diagnosis, nor the implications of a possible hereditary cancer syndrome, namely Muir-Torre. When asked about this, your colleague states that the patient is recently married and planning to conceive. He does not want to discuss the potential reproductive ramifications of this syndrome with her until it is confirmed with genetic testing.
228 TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR INHIBITION WITH ECTEINASCIDIN-743 FOR THE EWING FAMILY OF TUMORS

The Ewing family of tumors [EFT] (Ewing9s sarcoma [ES] and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor [PNET]) are the second most common cancers in childhood and adolescence, and despite improvements in the treatment of these cancers with multi-agent chemotherapy, patients with recurrent disease, certain poor prognostic indicators, or suboptimal response to first line chemotherapy have few options for successful treatment of their disease and a low 5-year survival rate. Prior research established expression of the tyrosine kinase receptors c- kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α) on EFT cell lines and the value of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibition in EFT with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). The marine tunicate-derived agent ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743) has been found to be active in advanced, pretreated soft-tissue sarcoma and osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. This study sought to determine the therapeutic value of the combination of ET-743 and imatinib mesylate against EFT. Incubation with ET-743 for 4 hours in the ES cell lines, SK-ES-1, RD-ES, TC-71, and the PNET cell line, SK-N-MC showed cell death evident by light microscopy and reduced colony formation in clonogenic assays in all cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion. However, the combination of ET-743 and imatininib mesylate showed an antagonistic effect in the ES and PNET cell lines at all dose level combinations. These results suggest that ET-743 has cytoreductive anti-tumor activity in EFT, and warrants evaluation in clinical trials for patients with advanced ES and PNET. Further, caution should be exercised in evaluating the combination of ET-743 with a tyrosine kinase inhibitior in vivo. Additional investigation into the mechanism(s) underlying drug resistance encountered with this drug combination are warranted.
Study on Control of Smoke and Dust in the Coking Enterprises

Because pollutants of coking enterprises were released in the form of the unorganized and in many places of the production process,so it is difficult to get a comprehensive and effective governance.Coke oven smoke and dust were eliminated through the combination of drawing out and recycling,coal transportation system used micron-scale dust suppression facilities.Enterprise's environment had greatly been improved.
The analyst's authority in the psychoanalytic situation.

(1996). The Analyst’s Authority in the Psychoanalytic Situation. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 65, Knowledge and Authority in the Psychoanalytic Relationship, pp. 137-157.
C1-C2 cryptic cerebrospinal fluid leak directly identified by pressurized radionuclide cisternography: Case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic postural headaches may suffer from spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Trauma, degenerative disc spurring and connective tissue disorders are documented risk factors; in most cases there is no inciting event. Despite sophisticated means of evaluating the neuraxis, many cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are radiographically occult and treatment is focused on thoracic and cervical-thoracic regions. Although lumbar epidural blood patch (EBP) is the initial treatment of choice after failed conservative management, several studies document the need for treatment aimed at the specific leak area. CASE DESCRIPTION: This report describes the case of a 42-year-old female with scleroderma and sudden onset postural headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement suggestive of intracranial hypotension. Computed tomographic myelography demonstrated a collection of fluid ventral to the cervical thecal sac; an exact location for CSF egress was not identified. Conservative measures followed by lumbar EBP failed to alleviate her symptoms. The patient underwent placement of a lumbar drain and dynamic radionuclide cisternography (RIC). Panoramic images of the spine were taken at the time of the pressurized saline injection. The CSF leak was clearly visualized at C1-2. Treatment was focused at this region using percutaneous injection of autologous blood and fibrin glue. CONCLUSION: SIH is disabling if left untreated. Spinal CSF leaks are often discrete and difficult to identify using static imaging. The use of pressurized, RIC by lumbar drain injection allows for the real-time evaluation of CSF dynamics and can more precisely identify slow flow leaks often missed with static imaging.
Childhood gonorrhoea in Auckland.

AIM To review the Auckland experience of childhood gonorrhoea, with particular regard to inter-agency management and medicolegal outcome. METHODS Retrospective review of medical records at a specialist child abuse assessment unit, and follow up with other agencies involved. RESULTS Twelve cases of genital gonorrhoea in pre-pubertal children in five years, in contrast to two cases in the preceding six years. Major problems in inter-agency coordination, and an inability to identify the source of the infection in most cases. CONCLUSIONS Gonorrhoea in the pre-pubertal child is an increasing problem, and is often poorly handled. Proposals for an inter-agency guideline are discussed.
Mao Tse-Tung: The Man and His Time

Man is an historical being. He is born, lives, and passes away in a definite period of history. He is part of that history. Thus, it is no wonder that ‘historicity’1 has received ever-increasing attention in our time; it is indispensable in almost all fields of study involving man and society.
Auditory Processing Disorder in Dyslexia Reversed by Audiovisual Training

Auditory processing skills of 23 children with dyslexia and 23 average readers were compared at the Hopital Edouard Herriot, University of Lyon, France.
Black Women and the Biographical Method: Undergraduate Research and Life Writing

If Black women are compelled to conceal their life stories, as Darlene Clark Hine suggests, how can biographers of Black women's lives, who work closely with student researchers, do justice to thei...
Modeling bias and variation in the stochastic processes of small RNA sequencing

The use of RNA-seq as the preferred method for the discovery and validation of small RNA biomarkers has been hindered by high quantitative variability and biased sequence counts. In this paper we develop a statistical model for sequence counts that accounts for ligase bias and stochastic variation in sequence counts. This model implies a linear quadratic relation between the mean and variance of sequence counts. Using a large number of sequencing datasets, we demonstrate how one can use the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) distributional regression framework to calculate and apply empirical correction factors for ligase bias. Bias correction could remove more than 40% of the bias for miRNAs. Empirical bias correction factors appear to be nearly constant over at least one and up to four orders of magnitude of total RNA input and independent of sample composition. Using synthetic mixes of known composition, we show that the GAMLSS approach can analyze differential expression with greater accuracy, higher sensitivity and specificity than six existing algorithms (DESeq2, edgeR, EBSeq, limma, DSS, voom) for the analysis of small RNA-seq data.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Complex I Biogenesis in Drosophila Flight Muscles

Summary The flight muscles of Drosophila are highly enriched with mitochondria, but the mechanism by which mitochondrial complex I (CI) is assembled in this tissue has not been described. We report the mechanism of CI biogenesis in Drosophila flight muscles and show that it proceeds via the formation of ∼315, ∼550, and ∼815 kDa CI assembly intermediates. Additionally, we define specific roles for several CI subunits in the assembly process. In particular, we show that dNDUFS5 is required for converting an ∼700 kDa transient CI assembly intermediate into the ∼815 kDa assembly intermediate. Importantly, incorporation of dNDUFS5 into CI is necessary to stabilize or promote incorporation of dNDUFA10 into the complex. Our findings highlight the potential of studies of CI biogenesis in Drosophila to uncover the mechanism of CI assembly in vivo and establish Drosophila as a suitable model organism and resource for addressing questions relevant to CI biogenesis in humans.
Control over Silica Particle Growth and Particle-Biomolecule Interactions Facilitates Silica Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells with Thickness Control.

Over the past 20 years, many strategies utilizing sol–gel chemistry to integrate biological cells into silica-based materials have been reported. One such strategy, Sol-Generating Chemical Vapor into Liquid (SG-CViL) deposition, shows promise as an efficient encapsulation technique due to the ability to vary the silica encapsulation morphology obtained by this process through variation of SG-CViL reaction conditions. In this report, we develop SG-CViL as a tunable, multi-purpose silica encapsulation strategy by investigating the mechanisms governing both silica particle generation and subsequent interaction with phospholipid assemblies (liposomes and living cells). Using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements, linear and exponential silica particle growth dynamics were observed which were dependent on deposition buffer ion constituents and ion concentration. Silica particle growth followed a cluster–cluster growth mechanism at acidic pH, and a monomer-cluster growth mechanism at neutral to basic pH. ...
On Automated Source Selection for Transfer Learning in Convolutional Neural Networks.

Abstract Transfer learning, or inductive transfer, refers to the transfer of knowledge from a source task to a target task. In the context of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transfer learning can be implemented by transplanting the learned feature layers from one CNN (derived from the source task) to initialize another (for the target task). Previous research has shown that the choice of the source CNN impacts the performance of the target task. In the current literature, there is no principled way for selecting a source CNN for a given target task despite the increasing availability of pre-trained source CNNs. In this paper we investigate the possibility of automatically ranking source CNNs prior to utilizing them for a target task. In particular, we present an information theoretic framework to understand the source-target relationship and use this as a basis to derive an approach to automatically rank source CNNs in an efficient, zero-shot manner. The practical utility of the approach is thoroughly evaluated using the Places-MIT dataset, MNIST dataset and a real-world MRI database. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ranking method for transfer learning.
Some Ethical Concerns about Placebo Operations.

Placebo controls n surgical research can be performed ethically when certain criteria are met. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Effects of Black Raspberries on UV-Induced Cutaneous Inflammation and Tumor Development

Sunlight is the most common carcinogen that we are exposed to on a daily basis. Unfortunately, the target of this complete carcinogen is our skin. In recent years, the frequency of skin cancer has increased due to both to a decrease in the ozone layer as well as changes in tanning practices, including increased tanning bed use. In fact these skin tumors are by far the most common form of cancer in humans, with over 1 million new cases identified in the United States each year. More Americans will be diagnosed with some form of skin cancer than all other cancers combined. Repeated severe sunburns or intense sun exposure in a short time period have been shown to be risk factors for development of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Current treatment modalities for nonmelanoma skin cancers include surgical excision, cryotherapy, radiotherapy or topical treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs, immune response modifiers or anti-inflammatory agents. These treatments range in severity of side effects including (but not limited to); ulceration, scarring, long duration of inflammation and pain at site of application. In addition, long treatment periods reduce compliance, and often have limited clinical efficacy. Therefore, alternative preventive and treatment strategies are needed. Increasing evidence suggests that natural compounds derived from functional foods can be use as a safe alternative to prevent or treat diseases. This chapter discusses the efficacy of using black raspberry extracts as a potential chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent against NMSC.
Genetic Correction for Gene Therapy

The development of gene targeting systems has been enabled by the great advances in molecular genetics and cell culture technology. The success of producing genetic knock-outs in mice through the use of embryonic stem cells allowed the conception of efficient targeting in mammalian cells to become a distinct possibility. The availability of cloned genes and DNA sequences, combined with the ability to transfer and express genes in mammalian cells, forms the basis of gene targeting strategies. The challenges of gene targeting in mammalian cells are enormous, however, and they fall into three general categories.
Accelerator Systems for Activation Analysis—A Comparative Survey

Accelerator systems for neutron activation analysis have become increasingly common in recent years. Some of these are simple systems designed specifically for activation analysis, while others are primarily sophisticated instruments for nuclear physics research, which may be adapted for the activation method. Most of these accelerators have used the radio frequency or Penning ion sources for deuteron production. Recently, however, increased attention has been focused on the Dio-Plas- matron ion source, which is capable of producing much larger beam currents. The beam from the Duo-Plasmatron ion source can be magnetically and electrostatically analyzed to produce an intense monatomic beam at the target.
An Enhanced Mechanistic Model For Capnography, With Application To CHF-COPD Discrimination

Capnography records CO 2 partial pressure in exhaled breath as a function of time or exhaled volume. Time-based capnography, which is our focus, is a point-of-care, noninvasive, effort-independent and widely available clinical monitoring modality. The generated waveform, or capnogram, reflects the ventilation-perfusion dynamics of the lung, and thus has value in the diagnosis of respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Effective discrimination between normal respiration and obstructive lung disease can be performed using capnogram-derived estimates of respiratory parameters in a simple mechanistic model of CO 2 exhalation. We propose an enhanced mechanistic model that can capture specific capnogram characteristics in congestive heart failure (CHF) by incorporating a representation of the inertance associated with fluid in the lungs. The 4 associated parameters are estimated on a breath-by-breath basis by fitting the model output to the exhalations in the measured capnogram. Estimated parameters from 40 exhalations of 7 CHF and 7 COPD patients were used as a training set to design a quadratic discriminator in the parameter space, aimed at distinguishing between CHF and COPD patients. The area under the ROC curve for the training set was 0.94, and the corresponding equal-error-rate value of approximately 0.1 suggests classification accuracies of the order of 90% are attainable. Applying this discriminator without modification to 40 exhalations from each CHF and COPD patient in a fresh test set, and deciding on a simple majority basis whether the patient has CHF or COPD, results in correctly labeling all 8 out of the 8 CHF patients and 6 out of the 8 COPD patients in the test set, corresponding to a classification accuracy of 87.5%.
Quantifying forest loss and forest degradation in Myanmar’s “home of teak”

The Bago Mountain Range in Myanmar is known as the “home of teak” (Tectona grandis L. f.) because of its bountiful, naturally growing teak-bearing forests. Accelerating forest loss and degradation ...
Adverse events associated with gender affirming vaginoplasty surgery.

Background There is an abundance of reports on the surgical techniques for vaginoplasty surgery. However, careful review reveals a paucity of evidence-based data in addition to few reports on outcomes related to all of the varying techniques. Objective This study aimed to describe the perioperative adverse events related to vaginoplasty surgery for transgender women and to determine a threshold case number needed to reduce adverse events. Study Design This was a retrospective study of all women who underwent vaginoplasty surgery for gender affirmation at a tertiary care center. All cases were performed by a single board-certified female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery specialist. Women were included if 6-month outcomes were available. Once patients were identified, perioperative data were collected. Comparisons of adverse events and perioperative outcomes were made between varying threshold case numbers to determine the case number needed to significantly reduce adverse events. An a priori review of the literature was done to determine the incidence of commonly reported adverse events, and these incidences were used as a frame of reference to determine a threshold case number needed to replicate these reported incidence rates. Once this threshold was determined, outcomes were compared between cases performed before and after this threshold. Results Between December 2015 and March 2019, 76 vaginoplasty surgeries were performed. Six-month outcomes data were available for all patients. Mean age and body mass index of all patients were 41 (±17) years and 27.3 (±5.1) kg/m2, respectively. Median (range) time on hormone therapy preceding surgery was 36 (12–360) months, and 7.9% (6) of patients had undergone previous orchiectomy. Of the patients, 83.4% (71) underwent full-depth vaginoplasty, whereas the remaining patients underwent a zero-depth procedure. Median (range) surgical time was 210 (138–362) minutes. Median (range) follow-up for all patients was 12.5 (6–50) months. The incidence of any intraoperative adverse event was 2.6% (95% confidence interval, 1.8–4.1) for all patients, whereas the incidence of any immediate ( 30 days and Conclusion The incidence of serious adverse events related to vaginoplasty surgery is low, whereas minor events are common. After a threshold of 50 vaginoplasty surgeries, these events were reduced, including the need for revision surgery.
Viruses and renal carcinoma of Rana pipiens. I. The isolation and properties of virus from normal and tumor tissue.

Abstract Properties of a virus, frog virus 1 (FV 1), isolated from plaques appearing in uninoculated frog kidney cell monolayers were studied. The virus multiplied at 24 ° in frog, fish, chick embryo, and hamster cell monolayers with cytopathology resulting in cell death. Although each cell system could be used for plaque assay the efficiency of plating was higher (10- to 100-fold) in chick embryo and hamster cells. Growth curves in cultured cells from both poikilothermic and homothermic animals were similar with a latent period between 6 and 10 hours. Most of the virus (50–99%) remained cell-associated. Virus multiplication was temperature dependent. At 33 ° plaques did not develop and little or no infectious virus was produced although adsorption and penetration occurred. Virus multiplication ceased when infected cultures were removed from 24 ° to 33 ° at any time during the growth cycle, a phenomenon suggesting that virus maturation was thermosensitive. The site of virus synthesis appeared to be the cell cytoplasm where DNA, identified by cytochemical stains and isotope incorporation, accumulated during infection. Infectivity was lost by exposure of virus to lipid solvents or to pH 3.0. It was stable to storage at low temperature (−20 ° to −60 °) but was rapidly inactivated at 50 °. Additional virus isolations were made from spontaneously degenerating frog kidney cell cultures and from homogenates of frog livers and frog renal tumors (Lucke adenocarcinoma). There was no correlation between the presence of intranuclear inclusions or virus particles (as observed by light and electron microscopy) and the ability to isolate virus from tumor homogenates. Comparative tests showed no distinguishing differences between properties of an isolate from a Lucke tumor, FV 3, and FV 1. The results are discussed as they relate to a viral etiology of the Lucke tumor.
Moral Self-Reflection and Leaders’ Virtuous Behaviors

Self-reflection, defined as the extent to which a person inspects and evaluates his/her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, has been considered as part of self-consciousness in philosophy and the ps...
The Community-Led Open Publication Infrastructures for Monographs (COPIM) project: A transformative open access monograph initiative

In an era of transformative agreements for journals, the article examines the Community-Led Open Publication Infrastructures for Monographs (COPIM) project through a transformative lens. How might we apply transformativeness to open access monograph publishing? Is transformativeness measured in strictly financial and transactional terms, or should more qualitative measures be considered; and, if so, what might those measures be? Centering academic values, scaling small, fostering communities of practice, production efficiencies, and collaboration are characteristics of the COPIM Project. Libraries and universities committed to academic values are called on to align both the direction of their scholarly communication programs and the principles underlying their collection development policies around a reimagined and transformative open access monograph publishing system that aims higher, beyond transaction-based cost transparencies.
Evaluating and comparing profiles of burglaries developed using three statistical classification techniques: cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling, and latent class analysis

While there are a variety of statistical classification techniques available, the most prominent in the behavioral sciences are Cluster Analysis (CA), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), and Latent Cla...
Community responses to international trade policy: A Newfoundland case study

Abstract Fisheries in Atlantic Canada are going through a period of transition due to environmental, economic, and policy changes that are impacting resource sustainability and community viability. One change is the Canada-European Union (EU) Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), which came into effect in December 2017, offering increased market access for fishery-reliant provinces such as Newfoundland and Labrador. How CETA is locally perceived, how it plays out on the ground, and the effect it may have on the sustainability of the province's fisheries and communities is not yet known. Through interviews with key informants, including representatives of the fishing industry and government officials, this paper examines stakeholders' perceptions and initial responses to CETA in the Great Northern Peninsula (GNP) region, Newfoundland and Labrador. Our research shows that while tariff reductions for seafood products into the EU are considered a positive change, there are concerns that the phasing-out of a provincial policy that protects local employment may enhance vulnerabilities of coastal communities. Further, domestic funding support created to bolster the fishery sector is inadequate in addressing long-term issues. Considering that the coastal communities of the GNP are facing both market pressures and a lack of adequate resource access, it is unclear the extent to which CETA influences the existing situation or induces further change effecting local viability. A principled governance of seafood trade policy is imperative to elevate local protections over the homogenizing effect of free trade.
Securitising an international humanitarian crisis: news framing of the Syrian refugee crisis in the US

This study examined how the 2016 Syrian refugee crisis was framed in by US news outlets. Upon applying the concept of securitisation to framing theory, the results from a content analysis indicate ...
Ensemble Kalman filter for vortex models of disturbed aerodynamic flows

We use an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to sequentially estimate low Reynolds number aerodynamic flows using an inviscid vortex model and distributed surface pressure readings. We look at two scenarios: an impulsively translating plate subject to flow actuation near the leading edge or placed in a cylinder wake. In each case, the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) - a deterministic version of the EnKF - is consistently more robust than the stochastic EnKF and is qualitatively better at representing the coherent structures of the true flow. We analyze the mapping from pressure discrepancies to state update through a singular value decomposition of the Kalman gain.
X-ray studies of clusters of galaxies with the Einstein Observatory

With the advent of imaging in X-ray astronomy, we can, for the first time, study extended sources with the same detailed spatial and spectral resolution employed by radio and optical astronomers. As in other fields of astronomy, the study of the X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies is beginning to feel the tremendous impact of this advance. The accompanying contributions by Murray and by Grindlay show that the division of clusters into classes based solely on X-ray morphology holds clear implications for the origin of the intracluster medium and the evolution of the cluster as a whole. Comparisons with optical and radio data, along with detailed X-ray studies of nearby objects and the extension of cluster observations to redshifts greater than 0.5, will help connect these ideas to a sound theoretical base. In this report on the cluster observations performed by the Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory with the Einstein Observatory, we restrict ourselves to three brief comments concerning the following areas: (1) The correlation of X-ray brightness with cluster morphology, (2) the detection of a spiral-rich cluster at z ˜ 0.4, and (3) detailed observations of Coma, the nearest rich cluster.
Photoacoustic monitoring of angiogenesis predicts response to therapy in healing wounds

Chronic wounds are a major health problem that cause the medical infrastructure billions of dollars every year. Chronic wounds are often difficult to heal and cause significant discomfort. Although wound specialists have numerous therapeutic modalities at their disposal, tools that could 3D-map wound bed physiology and guide therapy do not exist. Visual cues are the current standard but are limited to surface assessment; clinicians rely on experience to predict response to therapy. Photoacoustic (PA) ultrasound (US) is a non-invasive, hybrid imaging modality that can solve these major limitations. PA relies on the contrast generated by hemoglobin in blood which allows it to map local angiogenesis, tissue perfusion and oxygen saturation - all critical parameters for wound healing. This work evaluates the use of PA-US to monitor angiogenesis and stratify patients responding vs. not-responding to therapy. We imaged 19 patients with 22 wounds once a week for at least three weeks. Our findings suggest that PA imaging directly visualizes angiogenesis. Patients responding to therapy showed clear signs of angiogenesis and an increased rate of PA increase (p = 0.002). These responders had a significant and negative correlation between PA intensity and wound size. Hypertension was correlated to impaired angiogenesis in non-responsive patients. The rate of PA increase and hence the rate of angiogenesis was able to predict healing times within 30 days from the start of monitoring (power = 88%, alpha = 0.05) This early response detection system could help inform management and treatment strategies while improving outcomes and reducing costs.
AF64A-induced cholinergic hypofunction.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the AF64A-induced cholinergic hypofunction. AF64A is structurally similar to choline, except that two of the methyl groups on the quaternary nitrogen are converted to the aziridinium moiety, and the third methyl group is elongated to the ethyl structure. The findings obtained by using AF64A at the neuropharmacological, electrophysiological, behavioral, and cell-culture levels are presented in the chapter. These results provide considerable information suggesting that AF64A may induce a selective cholinotoxicity in animals. In addition, AF64A treatment results in memory and learning deficits in experimental animals, which are reversed by cholinergic agonists, providing further support for the cholinospecificity of AF64A. The high-affinity system is responsible for the uptake of choline into the cholinergic nerve terminal and its subsequent conversion into acetylcholine. The low-affinity system involves choline incorporation into phospholipids and other components of the cell membrane, and thus is more generalized and not necessarily cholinospecific. The dose-dependent cholinoselective function of AF64A is described by its concurrent effects on central cholinergic, serotonergic, and adrenergic mechanisms.
Radio Frequency and Wireless Communications

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview and summary of the fundamental meaning and concepts of radio-frequency and wireless communication systems. It begins with a summary of the history of wireless communications in general, from the first radio-frequency communication to current cellular mobile radio systems. It then presents the concept of radio wave propagation, forms of wireless communication systems and techniques, and the basic concept of cellular mobile radio communication. It classifies wireless communications into categories of related technology by grouping related concepts together. Finally, it reviews the current wireless technologies as well as emerging technologies. Keywords: cellular mobile radio; frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS); propagation; radio frequency; spectrum; wireless communication
Nationality, Naturalization and Dual Nationality Under Mexican Law

Resulting from a complex combination of factors, the sociological notion of nationality developed by most Mexicans may be described as an intense sentiment closely linking them with Mexico's history, culture, traditions, language and value system. From a legal perspective, for over a century, the concept of nationality has been recognized and articulated in Mexico's Constitutional documents dating back to 1836, 1857 and 1917. Given this enhanced notion of nationality, Mexico adhered for over a century to the most traditional policy in this area: each individual has the right to a given nationality but to only one nationality in order to avoid conflicts with other States. Therefore, it came as a surprise when Mexico in 1997 amended Articles 30, 32 and 37 of its Federal Constitution of 1917 - and an array of over 65 pieces of secondary legislation - to adopt the notion of indelible nationality, similar to the current English doctrine of Indelible allegiance. In other words, the Mexican nationality is never lost. As a consequence, this new policy sometimes leads to situations whereby a Mexican may have a dual nationality. This article is divided into five parts. Part One discusses the legal regime applicable to Mexican nationality under Mexican law. Part Two analyzes in detail Mexico's Nationality Act of 1998 focusing Mexican nationality by birth and Mexican nationality by naturalization. Parts Three and Four extend the discussion to embrace the nationality of legal entities, as well as aircraft and vessels, respectively. And Part Five comments on some legal effects of dual nationality produced upon Mexicans in Mexico and those in the United States. The article offers some conclusions.
First successful prediction of a convective equatorial ionospheric storm using solar wind parameters

[1] One of the major challenges of the National Space Weather Program in the United States is to predict the generation of intense turbulence in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. We term this a convective equatorial ionospheric storm since, much like a thunderstorm, low-density media erupt upward, releasing stored gravitational energy. This is an important phenomenon since both communication and navigational systems can be severely affected by the associated turbulence. Here, for the first time, we use solar wind data obtained upstream of the Earth and a physics-based assimilative model to successfully predict such an event during a strong magnetic storm in November 2004.
African Americans and Consumption

African American consumerism deals with the meanings, beliefs, and values that African Americans associate with individual or group consumption. African Americans have a deep, complicated, and at times tumultuous relationship with consumerism that engages topics which include culture, citizenship, and identity. African American consumerism engages a unique historical context, which includes goals related to access to material goods/services, a desire for acknowledgement and treatment as first-class citizens within the United States, and political and entrepreneurial endeavors. African Americans have a long history of engaging consumerism and consumer spaces as a way of expressing identities, protesting inequities, and resisting distorted narratives. Keywords: African American; citizenship; consumerism; culture; race
Plasma glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose with chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy.

The hyperglycemic effect of massive doses of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) was noted in rabbits in 1965.1 The following year Klein2 described a patient with DPH-induced hyperglycemia: a child of 20 months who had ingested 800 mg of the drug during 24 hours. The peak plasma glucose level was 726 mg/100 ml and returned to normal a few days after the cessation of DPH. Later, a dose of 100 mg of DPH was shown not to affect oral glucose tolerance in this child. Dahl3 described a 47-yearold-man who increased his own anticonvulsant dose of DPH to 700 mg daily; he had a blood glucose level of 230 mg/100 ml two hours after eating. Two days after reduction of the dose to 200 mg daily, the blood glucose was normal and while he was taking 300 mg daily he had a normal oral glucose tolerance test and no side effects. A 26-month-old retarded child receiving 300 mg DPH daily was the next to be reported to have hyperglycemia.1 Two fatal instances of hyperosmolar coma related to DPH induced hyperglycemia were described in seriously ill elderly patients given large amounts of DPH intravenously.5 Peters and Samaan6 observed relative hypoinsulinism and abnormal oral glucose tolerance four days after stopping DPH (500 to 700 mg daily) in a 17-year-old girl with lethargy, headache, and nystagmus. Her plasma DPH level at the time of glucose tolerance testing was 65µg/ml. Several studies have shown the dose dependency of the hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic effect of DPH. In a 42-year-old woman blood glucose was elevated on 400 mg/day.7
Crisis Phones – Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects

Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.
Incremental and comparative health care expenditures for head and neck cancer in the United States.

Objectives/Hypothesis Determine the incremental costs associated with head and neck cancer (HNCa) and compare the costs with other common cancers. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a healthcare expenditure database. Methods The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey is a national survey of US households. All cases of HNCa were extracted for 2006, 2008, and 2010. The incremental expenditures associated with HNCa were determined by comparing the healthcare expenditures of individuals with HNCa to the population without cancer, controlling for age, sex, education, insurance status, marital status, geographic region, and comorbidities. Healthcare expenditures for HNCa were then compared to individuals with lung cancer and colon cancer to determine relative healthcare expenditures. Results An estimated 264,713 patients (annualized) with HNCa were identified. The mean annual healthcare expenditures per individual for HNCa were $23,408 ± $3,397 versus $3,860 ± $52 for those without cancer. The mean adjusted incremental cost associated with HNCa was $15,852 ± $3,297 per individual (P < .001). Within this incremental cost, there was an increased incremental outpatient services cost of $3,495 ± $1,044 (P = .001) and an increased incremental hospital inpatient cost of $6,783 ± $2,894 (P = .020) associated with HNCa. The annual healthcare expenditures per individual fell in between those for lung cancer ($25,267 ± $2,375, P = .607) and colon cancer ($16,975 ± $1,291, P = .055). Conclusions Despite its lower relative incidence, HNCa is associated with a significant incremental increase in annual healthcare expenditures per individual, which is comparable to or higher than other common cancers. In aggregate, the estimated annual costs associated with HNCa are $4.20 billion. Level of Evidence 2b. Laryngoscope 124:2305–2308, 2014
The architecture, logic, and circuit design of a bipolar, 200 Mbyte/sec, serializing data mover IC, with 32-bit TTL-compatible parallel I/O and unique 1.8 Gbit/sec 'cutoff driver' differential PECL serial I/O

This paper discusses the architecture, logic design, and circuit design of the Autobahn Spanceiver-a serializing transceiver IC that facilitates movement of arbitrarily large blocks of 32-bit parallel TTL data at data rates up to 200 MBytes/sec, between two or more nodes on a shared, controlled-impedance, half-duplex, 1.8 Gbit/sec, differential-PECL serial channel.