cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solid acid clay mediated copolymerization of methyl acrylate and 1-octene: 2D NMR substantiation of predominant alternating comonomer sequence

Montmorillionite K10 powder presence during radically initiated copolymerization of methyl acrylate (M) and 1-octene (O) gave copolymers with higher incorporation of alkene unit. Highly viscous and transparent copolymers showed alternation irrespective of the copolymer composition. Increasing the amount of K10 powder increased the total percentage conversion, as well as 1-octene incorporation. The monomodal curves obtained in gel permeation chromatography (GPC) substantiated that true copolymers were formed. The alternation in the copolymers was authenticated through Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Correlation (HMQC) experiments in conjugation with Total Correlated Spectroscopy (TOCSY). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2156–2162, 2009
Haptic modules for training in palpatory diagnosis

We have developed and evaluated a novel tool based on haptics and virtual reality technology for augmenting the teaching of palpatory diagnosis. This novel tool illuminates palpatory diagnosis concepts by touch on a laptop PC using affordable haptic interfaces. There are six training modules each targeting a specific aspect of palpation. The difficulty level for all modules is adjusted automatically by measuring user's performance in real-time. The haptic interface used in this study was the PHANTOM Omni® (SensAble Tech., Inc.) and it was modified to enable manipulation with only one finger. 22 osteopathic medical students (16 first- and 6 second-year) participated in the evaluation of the system. The majority of the participating students (>90.9%) thought that future practice with the system may help them develop their palpatory skills. The majority (>77.3%) of the students also thought that the instructions on the module screens were clear. When the students were asked about the user interface, most of the students (>86.4%) responded that it was clear and easy to interpret. Evaluation results also showed that when the students were asked whether they would like to use the modules in the future for training at least 90.9% of them answered “Yes” or “Maybe”. The achievement of purpose ratings for individual modules changed between 6.27 and 8.82 on a 10-point scale. This system can be used for unlimited student practice for improving skills from Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine laboratory and also as a repeatable and objective measure of palpatory skill to track student progress.
The Three Worlds, or the Division of Social Scientific Labor, circa 1950–1975

Our ideas of tradition, culture, and ideology found their places in the social scientific discourse of the 1950s and 1960s as part of modernization theory. This supposed theory was heir to ancient occidental habits of mythological thinking about history, as is well known.1 But the reorientation of these ideas in the postwar years was guided more specifically by the novel division of the globe into three conceptual “worlds” in response to the Cold War.
Two Methods for Determining the Fertility Status of Early-Stage American Lobster, Homarus americanus, Eggs

Abstract The American lobster (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837) is the focus of the most important commercial fishery in New England, which relies on a variety of biological monitoring programs and surveys to guide the development of appropriate management plans. One key piece of information provided by these surveys is the number of females that are carrying eggs (ovigerous) that will subsequently contribute new recruits to the fishery. A major assumption is that all eggs carried by ovigerous females are fertilized and will thus result in viable recruits. However, because some lobsters extrude, and briefly carry, unfertilized eggs, this assumption needs to be re-evaluated. In particular, it is important to determine the approximate proportion of newly extruded eggs that are either fertilized, or not. The major goal of this project was to develop reliable methods for determining if early-stage lobster eggs (live and preserved) were in fact fertilized. One method involved using a nucleic acid stain ...
Subdivision of Holocene glacial deposits, Ben Ohau Range, New Zealand, using relative-dating methods

Relative-dating methods measure post-depositional alteration of surficial deposits. Measured in this study are the size of the yellow-green Rhizocarpon lichen, percent lichen cover, weathering-rind thickness, quartz-vein height, surface oxidation, and pitting of clasts. The data are used to subdivide Holocene deposits in the Ben Ohau Range and to suggest correlation with moraines in other parts of the Southern Alps. Glacial and/or rock-glacier deposits of five different ages are identified in the Ben Ohau Range. Ages can be approximated mainly from the rind-development curve of Chinn (1981). From youngest to oldest the deposits are: Dun Fiunary (∼ 100 yr); Whale Stream (∼ 250 yr); Jacks Stream (∼ 3,000 yr); Ferintosh (∼ 4,000 yr); and Birch Hill (∼ 9,000 yr). All but the Whale Stream have been previously named, but data presented here result in improved definitions of mapping units and more accurate age assignment. The present climate of the Ben Ohau Range is increasingly continental to the south. A similar climatic gradient existed for much of the post-Birch Hill Holocene, as shown by the glacial depositional facies: moraines are common to the north, whereas rock glaciers, especially of Jacks Stream and Ferintosh ages, are common to the south. In some areas, rock glaciers that have long been inactive have recently been reactivated. Data from moraines in the Waimakariri Drainage and the Mount Cook, Cameron Valley, and Rakaia River areas improve previous correlations, as relative-dating methods provide age information where 14C ages are either lacking or limiting, or when a single relative-dating method is subject to erroneous interpretation.
Prevention of sudden infant death syndrome

During the 1980s a high sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) incidence was reason for concern among paediatricians in many countries. In Sweden, the SIDS incidence in 1973 was 0.3 per 1000. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, it increased and reached a maximum in 1991 of 1.1 per 1000. Much effort was devoted to research on SIDS pathogenesis, but effective proposals how to bring the incidence down were scarce.
Evidence-Based Fuzzy Approach for the Safety Analysis of Uncertain Systems

The application of Dempster Shafer theory for combining multiple sources of evidence to handle the uncertainties present in engineering systems is well established. In this work, a fuzzy approach is presented for the safety analysis of uncertain engineering systems in the presence of multiple sources of evidence. The αcut approach is used to represent the fuzzy membership functions of the uncertain parameters. The existence of large epistemic uncertainty information for each of the uncertain parameters is assumed to be available in the form of interval-valued data from multiple sources. The fuzzy membership function of the response of the system (such as the margin of safety) is computed by applying fuzzy arithmetic to the mathematical formulation of the system. A new procedure is introduced to calculate bounds on the response of the system such as the margin of safety. A new methodology, termed the Weighted Fuzzy Theory for Intervals (WFTI), is proposed for combining evidence when different credibilities are associated with the various sources of evidence. The application of the proposed methods is illustrated by considering the design of a welded beam involving multiple uncertain parameters. The results obtained using the proposed WFTI method are verified to converge to those obtained using the fuzzy approach when all the credibilities tend to have an identical value of unity.
Validity of self-report of pubertal maturation in early adolescents.

Abstract Self-report measures of sexual maturation continue to be used to classify pubertal development even though their reliability remains in question. This study examined the accuracy of self-report measures by early adolescents in two settings. Standardized figure drawings depicting Tanner's sexual maturation scale (SMS) were shown to early adolescents at school (S 1 ) and again in a clinical sitting (S 2 ), and subjects were asked to rate their own pubertal development. Physical examination by a physician at S 2 was used to corroborate sexual maturation. Participating in the study were 46 males, age 11–14 years (mean, 12.4, SD, 1.9), and 37 females, age 11–14 years (mean, 12.7, SD, 0.7). Concordance rate between physical examination and self-report of pubic hair development (males) at S 1 was 58% (κ = 0.35, p 2 . Concordance rate of self-report of genital development at S 1 and S 2 was 27% (κ = − 0.06, p 1 and 72% (κ = 0.59, p 2 . Concordance rate for selfreport of pubic hair development in females was 58% at S 1 (κ = 0.42, p 2 (κ = 0.64, p
Best Practices in Clinical Supervision: Evolution of a Counseling Specialty

A number of developments have marked the evolution of clinical supervision as a separate specialty since publication of the Standards for Counseling Supervisors in 1990, including accreditation and counselor licensure standards, supervisor credentials, and research on supervision practice and supervisor training, nationally and internationally. Such developments culminated in the development of a statement of Supervision Best Practices Guidelines. The Guidelines are described, followed by suggestions for their implementation and further evolution through research.
Disparities in Mental Health Treatment Following the World Trade Center Disaster: Implications for Mental Health Care and Health Services Research

To assess disparities in mental health treatment in New York City (NYC) after the World Trade Center Disaster (WTCD) reported previously related to care access, we conducted analyses among a cross-sectional survey of adults who had posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression (N = 473) one year after the event. The dependent variables examined were use of mental health services, in general, and use of mental health services related to the WTCD. Similar dependent variables were developed for medication usage. Although a number of bivariate results were statistically significant for postdisaster mental health visits, in a multivariate logistic regression model, only WTCD exposure remained significant. For service utilization related to the WTCD, the multivariate results indicated that African Americans were less likely to have had these visits compared to Whites, while those with a regular doctor, who had greater exposure to WTCD events, and those who had a perievent panic attack were more likely to have had such visits. In terms of medication use, multivariate results suggested that African Americans were less likely to use postdisaster medications, whereas persons 45 + years old and those with a regular doctor, were more likely to use them. For WTCD-related medication use, multivariate models indicated that African Americans were less likely to use medications, relative to Whites, while those between 45 and 64 years old, those with a regular doctor, those exposed to more WTCD events, and those who had a perievent panic attack, were more likely to have taken medications related to the disaster. The primary reason respondents gave for not seeking treatment (55% of subsample) was that they did not believe that they had a problem (73%). Other reasons were that they wanted to solve the problem on their own (5%), had problems accessing services (6%), had financial problems (4%), or had a fear of treatment (4%). Despite the availability of free mental health services offered in a supportive and potentially less stigmatizing environment post disaster, there still appeared to be barriers to receiving postdisaster services among those presumably in need of care.
Zero-shot Entity Extraction from Web Pages

In order to extract entities of a fine-grained category from semi-structured data in web pages, existing information extraction systems rely on seed examples or redundancy across multiple web pages. In this paper, we consider a new zero-shot learning task of extracting entities specified by a natural language query (in place of seeds) given only a single web page. Our approach defines a log-linear model over latent extraction predicates, which select lists of entities from the web page. The main challenge is to define features on widely varying candidate entity lists. We tackle this by
Differential effects of GLUT-1 or GLUT-4 overexpression on insulin responsiveness in transgenic mice

The effect of glucose transporter expression on insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disposal was examined in transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT-1 or GLUT-4. Transgenic mice and their control littermates were subjected to a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia using an insulin infusion rate of 20 mU.kg-1.min-1 and a variable glucose infusion rate (GIR). Fasted mice overexpressing GLUT-1 in skeletal muscle exhibited a GIR that was only 54% that of controls (19.3 +/- 1.8 vs. 36.0 +/- 3.9 mg.kg-1.min-1) when blood glucose was clamped at euglycemic values. In contrast, fasted mice overexpressing GLUT-4 in fat and muscle exhibited a GIR that was 40% higher than controls (53.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 39.1 +/- 2.5 mg.kg-1.min-1). At the end of the clamp, beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were 10-fold higher in the GLUT-1 transgenic mice relative to nontransgenic littermates (2.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 0.2 +/- 0.1 mM) but did not differ between the GLUT-4 transgenic mice and their control littermates (0.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.1 mM). These data demonstrate that the level of expression of a glucose transporter in muscle and fat can have marked effects on whole body glucose homeostasis and fuel metabolism. Insulin responsiveness was enhanced by overexpression of GLUT-4. Strikingly, however, overexpression of GLUT-1 in muscle induced a profound reduction in insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disposal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Religion and Spanish film. Luis Buñuel, the Franco Era, and contemporary directors

El peso de la religion en la construccion de Espana como nacion y en su evolucion historica encuentra un claro reflejo en la produccion cultural del pais. El arte, la musica, la literatura y el cin...
Can Big Data Analyses Help Speed Up the Clinical Development of Mucoactive Drugs for Symptomatic RTIs

This paper highlights the need for validated models to demonstrate mucoactive drug efficacy in relieving respiratory tract infection (RTI) symptoms and suggests new concepts to further ongoing research. The review is based on the analyses of studies published on mucoactive drug in respiratory diseases, data supporting FDA's expectorant monograph, and related US consumer use and attitude surveys. The changes in the volume and consistency of respiratory mucus during RTIs may result in ciliary dysfunction, mucus accumulation, and symptoms like cough and chest congestion. Mucoactive drugs can provide relief, but limited choices exist in the US, due to the unavailability of validated clinical models and unequivocal efficacy results. Ongoing developments have not provided definitive solutions, and Big Data analysis techniques may help overcome current clinical research limitations by identifying differentiating disease and patient factors to speed up the development process to substantiate the effectiveness of expectorant/mucoactive drugs in relieving RTI symptoms.
Personal Interviews or Mail Panels

Blind allegiance to a particular marketing research technique is frequently the cause of survey inefficiency. According to Mr. O'Dell, the never deviating adherence of many practitioners to the mai...
Prevalence of growth twins among anhedral plagioclase microlites

Crystal textures of volcanic rocks record the processes involved in magma storage and eruptive ascent. Syn-eruptive crystallization, in which groundmass crystals form and grow according to environmental factors such as thermodynamic undercooling, strongly influences the texture of erupted magma. This stage is difficult to isolate for study in natural rocks, but well-suited for laboratory experiments because the chemical compositions and crystallization timescales of eruptive processes can be emulated. This study examines the incipient stages of plagioclase crystallization in hydrous rhyodacite magma undergoing decompression-driven degassing. Experimental samples in which crystal growth at both near-equilibrium and far-from equilibrium conditions were examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis to ascertain crystallographic lattice orientations of individual crystals. The crystal orientation investigation affirms a common assumption invoked in textural studies of crystal number density: contiguous crystals with parallel faces are crystallographically continuous, whereas contiguous crystals with non-parallel faces have unrelated crystal lattice orientations and as such, represent separate crystals. In the highly undercooled sample, twinning is identified in ~87% of the crystals examined; in the near-equilibrium sample, 38% of the crystals are twinned. We find that the observed twinning is unlikely to be the result of deformation, transformation, or synneusis, but rather a result of growth defects introduced during the incipient stages of crystallization. We suggest internal structural defects (twins) control macroscopic morphological defects (embayments, swallowtails, and melt inclusions) as a result of the high energy of the twin plane boundary. Formation of twins during the incipient stages of plagioclase crystallization is the single most important factor contributing to anhedral morphologies of feldspar microlites growing during magma decompression, and plays a role in the development of some plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions.
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators

Over 60 years ago, Selye1 recognized the paradox that the physiologic systems activated by stress can not only protect and restore but also damage the body. What links these seemingly contradictory roles? How does stress influence the pathogenesis of disease, and what accounts for the variation in vulnerability to stress-related diseases among people with similar life experiences? How can stress-induced damage be quantified? These and many other questions still challenge investigators. This article reviews the long-term effect of the physiologic response to stress, which I refer to as allostatic load.2 Allostasis — the ability to achieve stability through change3 — . . .
Birth Mass Scaling in Elk (Cervus elaphus)

Abstract Scaling studies on phenotypic characteristics like birth mass are useful to understanding life history attributes within species. The wide range in body mass of elk (Cervus elaphus) in North America and Europe allows robust estimation of scaling relationships. Our goal was to estimate the scaling relationship of maternal body mass and offspring birth mass. Data were extracted from the literature, which included captive elk fed a readily digestible diet rich in nutrients. The mass of the mother at birth and the birth mass of the young were recorded for 11 groups of mothers and their offspring. A simple linear regression was used to estimate an allometric relationship between maternal body mass and offspring birth mass (R2 = 0.90). Birth mass scaled to the 0.78 power of maternal body mass. Understanding scaling relationships affecting maternal investment might have implications for understanding body size variation across the geographic range of elk.
Selection and breeding of new rice variety Jiudao 56

The new rice variety Jiudao56 was selected through sexual hybridization by pedigree technique,which had such advantages as high quality,disease resistance, steady yield,wide adaptability,middle or late maturing,and broad application value to production.
Codes in the Clouds Observing New Design Strategies

Looking at architecture through the lens of currently emerging, advanced architectural design tools, strategies and techniques in the 21 st century are as questionable as looking through the lens of a 2-dimensional Rapidograph drawing. Architecture is neither determined by complex geometries digitally established through scripting, nor by the one dimensional perception through a hard line drawing. The role of architecture is currently being challenged through almost overwhelming advanced digital techniques merged with traditional strategies in order to find its new identity within a post-mechanical towards a biological computing age of construction. We are seemingly fooled by the understanding that we do conquer the boundaries of geometry and form production. The paper discusses the connection point of advanced digital architecture as tool to complement and bring forward professionally and culturally established parameters, such as material tectonics, perception or architectural pattern.
Complications and Cost of Syndactyly Reconstruction in the United States: Analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System:

Background: Syndactyly is one of the most common congenital differences of the upper extremity and offers an exceptional opportunity to evaluate value-based care in pediatric orthopedic surgery. We...
Massive transfusion in pediatric trauma: analysis of the National Trauma Databank.

Abstract Background Massive transfusion (MT) in pediatric trauma has been described in combat populations and other single institutions studies. We aim to define the incidence of MT in a large US civilian pediatric trauma population, identify predictive parameters of MT, and the mortality associated with MT. Methods Data from the National Trauma Databank (2010-2012), a trauma registry maintained by the American College of Surgeons, were analyzed. We included pediatric trauma patients ≤14 y that underwent MT, as defined by 40 mL/kg of blood products within the first 24 h after admission. We compared the MT group with children receiving any transfusion within the same time frame. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. Results Of 356,583 pediatric trauma patients, 13,523 (4%) received any transfusion in the first 24 h and 173 (0.04%) had a MT. On multivariate analysis, factors predicting MT were: older patients (5-12: OR 2.71, P = 0.006, and ≥12: OR 5.14, P Conclusions MT in pediatric trauma is an uncommon event associated with a significant mortality. Patients undergoing MT are older, more likely to be hypothermic and have sustained more severe injuries as measured by traditional trauma scoring systems than transfused trauma patients.
The Relationship between Religion and Deviance in a Largely Irreligious Country: Findings from the 2010 China General Social Survey

ABSTRACTWe examined the religion–deviance relationship in China, analyzing the 2010 China General Social Survey data to estimate ordinary least squares, logistic, and negative binomial regression models. First, we found respondents who followed some form of religion to be no different from those without religion in law or rule violation. Second, respondents of folk religion were more favorable to unconventional sex than those without religion, and those of organized religion were less so. Finally, respondents of organized religion were less likely to report daily drinking and smoking than their irreligious counterparts, whereas those of folk religion were not different from the religious nones.
IR and Raman Spectroscopies, Matrix Isolation Studies☆

Matrix isolation is a technique for maintaining molecules in an inert medium at very low temperature for spectroscopic study. This method is particularly well suited for preserving reactive species in a solid environment. Elusive molecular fragments, such as free radicals that may be important intermediates for chemical transformations used in industrial reactions, molecules that are in equilibrium with solids at very high temperatures, weak molecular complexes that may be stable at low temperatures, and molecular ions that are produced in plasma discharges or by high-energy radiation, can all be observed and characterized using infrared absorption and laser-excitation spectroscopies. Metal bearing molecules can be produced using laser ablation as a source of reactive metal atoms. With use of a cryogenic refrigerator capable of 4 K, pure hydrogen can be used as a reactive matrix.
Preliminary results on the use of GFRP as an external reinforcement for autoclaved aerated concrete

Publisher Summary This chapter investigates the bond strength between glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheets and autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) surface. The test specimen consists of two AAC prisms connected together by two GFRP strips, which are attached to two opposite faces of the AAC prisms. In order to apply tension to the GFRP strips, a loading jack is placed between the two AAC blocks such that it can push them apart. The loading jack that is operated by a hydraulic pump has 88kN capacity. Displacements of the prisms are recorded using potentiometer and also an oscilloscope connected to the potentiometer. The GFRP strips used had a width of 50 mm, but the bond length was varied from 50mm to 200mm at 50mm increments. The results showed that bond strength between GFRP and AAC surface for longer contact surface approaches 0.83MPa from a high value of 2.16MPa for the short bond length of 50mm. The bond strength values are only nominal values obtained by diving the failure load by the bond area regardless of the mode of failure.
Development of children's understandings of physical disabilities and stigmatization in a Japanese cultural context: Reflections of children in second through sixth grades

Abstract Stigmatization associated with disability is a culturally widespread social justice issue. Elementary school age is an important period for children to develop positive attitudes toward people with disabilities. This study examines Japanese elementary school-aged children's developing perceptions of disability and stigmatization. Following interactions and discussion about disabilities with the author, a guest teacher who uses a wheelchair, 118 typically-developing Japanese children in second through sixth grades provided written reflections on physical disability and stigmatization. Children in all grade levels described both positive and negative aspects of disability. Younger children's responses, however, were relatively positive, focusing on concrete examples of life in a wheelchair. Older children's responses focused more on challenges, and articulated their feelings and thoughts about disability in greater detail. Some older children also used the author's disability narratives to describe how they had overcome their own challenges that were not necessarily related to disability. Such differences in children's responses by grade levels are discussed in the context of Japanese socialization practices that emphasize sensitivity to stigmatization as well as empathy to maintain interpersonal relationships. Implications of Japanese cultural cases to professionals in Western countries also are discussed.
Refining the Definitions of Biochemical and Clinical Cure for Primary Aldosteronism Using the Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcome (PASO) Classification System.

Determination of outcomes after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism (PA) is limited by the lack of standardized definitions of cure. The Primary Aldosteronism Surgical Outcomes (PASO) group recently established new consensus definitions for biochemical and clinical cure of PA. We hypothesize that utilization of PASO definitions will better stratify patient outcomes after surgery compared to original and current criteria utilized to document cure. Patients undergoing adrenalectomy for PA from 1996 to 2016 were studied. Clinical data were reviewed. Three different sets of criteria (original, current, and PASO) were evaluated for differences in documentation of cure. Demographic data were reported as median (range). Comparisons were made using the Mann–Whitney U test; p < 0.05 is significant. A total of 314 patients with PA were identified. Ninety patients (60 males) elected to proceed with surgery. In Group 1 (35 patients), 30 patients had clinical follow-up and 29 (97%) were cured using original criteria. In Group 2 (55 patients), cure was recorded in 98% when original criteria for cure were applied, 89% cured applying current criteria, and 6% had complete biochemical and clinical cure by PASO criteria. Aldosterone rose 3.6 ng/dL (0.1–34.8) in five patients during extended follow-up, with two patients changing from complete to partial or missing biochemical success. Significant heterogeneity exists in outcomes criteria utilized to document cure or clinical improvement after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism. Aldosterone levels change over time after adrenalectomy. PASO definitions of cure appear to allow for improved stratification of short- and long-term outcomes.
Correlation of sociodemographic and clinical parameters with depression and distress in patients with hematologic malignancies

A quarter of cancer patients struggle with distress or depression during their illness. Multiple organizations including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend universal screening for distress and depression. Herein, we describe a universal screening program in patients with hematologic malignancies and factors associated with distress and depression. Between December 2013 and February 2015, patients with hematologic malignancies took the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and Distress Thermometer (DT) prior to receiving their first outpatient parenteral chemotherapy. Patient demographic information as well as information regarding visit burden and baseline use of psychiatric medications were recorded. A PHQ-9 score of ≥ 9 and a DT score ≥ 4 suggested a high risk of major depression and distress. Intergroup comparisons of categorical and continuous variables were performed via chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Multivariate models were constructed using the stepwise selection technique using all potential variables. Two hundred forty-six patients with a median age at diagnosis 65 years (range 18–94 years) were included. In the multivariate analysis, a PHQ-9 score ≥ 9 was associated with living alone (P = 0.007), positive PHQ-2 (P = 0.003), and high Charlson comorbidity index (CCI; P = 0.02), while a DT score ≥ 4 was associated with being married (P = 0.03) and female (P = 0.03). There was no other association with high scores on either questionnaire. Patients with hematologic malignancies often have prolonged treatment and surveillance. We identified subpopulations within this group who may be at high risk of developing distress and depression and who should be aggressively screened even when universal screening programs are not available.
(Un)doing Transmisogynist Stigma in Health Care Settings: Experiences of Ten Transgender Women of Color

Transgender women of color face numerous barriers to accessing quality health and human services due to intersecting systems of oppression. Using transmisogyny as a conceptual tool, the current stu...
Optimal Treatment of Stage B Heart Failure in Cardio-Oncology?: The Promise of Strain∗

OBJECTIVE Direct medical cost of diabetes in the U.S. has been estimated to be 2.3 times higher relative to individuals without diabetes. This study examines trends in healthcare expenditures by expenditure category in U.S. adults with diabetes between 2002 and 2011. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed 10 years of data representing a weighted population of 189,013,514 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. We used a novel two-part model to estimate adjusted mean and incremental medical expenditures by diabetes status, while adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and time. RESULTS Relative to individuals without diabetes ($5,058 [95% CI $4,949–$5,166]), individuals with diabetes ($12,180 [$11,775–$12,586]) had more than double the unadjusted mean direct expenditures over the 10-year period. After adjusting for confounders, individuals with diabetes had $2,558 ($2,266–$2,849) significantly higher direct incremental expenditures compared with those without diabetes. For individuals with diabetes, inpatient expenditures rose initially from $4,014 in 2002/2003 to $4,183 in 2004/2005 and then decreased continuously to $3,443 in 2010/2011, while rising steadily for individuals without diabetes. The estimated unadjusted total direct expenditures for individuals with diabetes were $218.6 billion/year and adjusted total incremental expenditures were approximately $46 billion/year. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that compared with individuals without diabetes, individuals with diabetes had significantly higher health expenditures from 2002 to 2011 and the bulk of the expenditures came from hospital inpatient and prescription expenditures.
Deciphering the Functions of O-GlcNAc Glycosylation in the Brain: The Role of Site-Specific Quantitative O-GlcNAcomics

The dynamic posttranslational modification O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is present on thousands of intracellular proteins in the brain. Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation is inducible and plays important functional roles in both physiology and disease. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) and bioconjugation methods are now enabling the mapping of O-GlcNAcylation events to individual sites in proteins. However, our understanding of which glycosylation events are necessary for regulating protein function and controlling specific processes, phenotypes, or diseases remains in its infancy. Given the sheer number of O-GlcNAc sites, methods for identifying promising sites and prioritizing them for time- and resource-intensive functional studies are greatly needed. Revealing sites that are dynamically altered by different stimuli or disease states will likely go a long way in this regard. Here, we describe advanced methods for identifying O-GlcNAc sites on individual prot...
Acute hepatic disease

Acute hepatobiliary dysfunction in children may occur as the result of trauma, infectious hepatitis, biliary obstruction, benign and malignant tumors, and acute vascular obstruction. The targeted and integrated use of modern imaging techniques has made a significant impact in the diagnosis and management of these disorders.
Chlorine Tolerant Bacteria in Water Supplies

Apparently the first definite study of the minimal " Chlorine Death Points" of bacteria has been reported by Tonney, Greer and Danforth.1 These authors have stated, " Although chlorine gas is universally used in the treatment of water supplies .... little, if any, work has been done to determine the least amount of chlorine required to kill known numbers of known species of bacteria under fixed conditions that admit of comparison of their relative resistance. " The object of their work was to select an organism that could be used as a safe index of effective chlorine disinfection with special reference to pathogenic bacteria or those organisms considered to be of sanitary importance. They have found "B. coli," of which most strains were killed in chlorine concentration of 0.2 to 0.25 p.p.m. in 15 seconds, to be more resistant than the other vegetative forms studied.
Issues in Psychological Assessment

Conventional intelligence tests are currently the subject and focus of much controversy, and are integrally involved in contemporary litigation and legislation. Polarization on the issues seems to prevail, as the views of outspoken advocates of standardized intelligence tests (e.g., Jensen, 1976) are diametrically opposed to the claims of vocal critics such as Hilliard (1975) and Williams (1972, 1974), who stress racial bias as an inherent property of the measuring instruments. The dichotomy in the affective reaction of many individuals toward intelligence tests also has its practical component. At the same time that critics are demanding a moratorium on intelligence tests (Bosma, 1973; Williams, 1970), or the replacement of norm-referenced measures with criterion-referenced tests (Bransford, 1974; Reynolds, 1974, 1975), many practitioners are forced to use the precise values of the obtained IQs (without regard to errors of measurement or the influence of behavioral variables on test scores) in order to make a diagnostic or placement decision.
Abstract 5303: Identification of myelofibrosis from electronic health records with novel algorithms and JAKextractor

Myelofibrosis (MF) is a devastating myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) hallmarked by marrow fibrosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, vascular thromboembolism, and ~50% incidence of JAK2V617F. MF is difficult to study in large EHR datasets due to clinical heterogeneity and unreliable ICD coding. The Synthetic Derivative is a cloned and de-identified research EHR with 2.9 million unique patients linked to BioVU, a DNA biorepository. To develop phenotype-genotype associations, we created an algorithm to classify MF, using NLP with negation detection of MF keywords, medications, and ICD coding. To enrich our cohort, we developed JAKextractor, an algorithm to identify patients tested clinically for JAK2V617F across all 248,000 BioVU patients. For MF identification, we trained a supervised learning algorithm to learn decision rules that encode counts of MF-specific ICD codes, medications, text mentions, as well as the assertion status of MF and JAK2 mentions in patient notes. Experiments were evaluated using a 10-fold cross validation scheme. JAKextractor used pattern matching to extract the status (WT vs MUT) of each JAK2 text mention. Machine learning predicted a JAK2V617F patient based on the information extracted in the previous step from patient notes. We subsequently genotyped banked DNA on an enriched subset of MF cases via a Illumina® TruSight myeloid NGS panel to validate JAKextractor. The top performing MF algorithm combined all sources of clinical information and achieved an F1-measure (F1) of 96% and identified 309 MF patients in BioVU. The extracted decision rule for predicting an MF patient was [JAK2V617F ^ ICD>1] v [JAK2WT ^ ICD>1 ^ TXT>3]. ICD is necessary but not sufficient to predict MF identification. Utilizing only ICD counts created a detrimentally lower F1 of 88% (P Our results demonstrated successful identification of MF and JAK2V617F within an EHR. We established the feasibility of creating a MPN database with retrospective genotyping of biobanked DNA. We plan for scaled implementation of similar algorithms across all myeloid disease within BioVU with the ability to retrospectively genotype each case. Citation Format: Cosmin A. Bejan, Andrew Sochacki, Shilin Zhao, Yaomin Xu, Michael Savona. Identification of myelofibrosis from electronic health records with novel algorithms and JAKextractor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5303.
Advancing Enhanced Oil Recovery as a Sequestration Asset

Download : Download high-res image (98KB) Download : Download full-size image Sally M. Benson is a professor of energy resources engineering in the School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences, co-director of the Precourt Institute for Energy, and Director of the Global Climate and Energy Project at Stanford University. Formerly, Benson was at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where she held a variety of key positions, including Deputy Director, Associate Director for Energy Sciences, and Director of the Earth Sciences Division. Benson is regarded as an authority on carbon capture and storage. She also uses energy systems analysis to help guide decisions about the most promising pathways for clean energy development. Download : Download high-res image (46KB) Download : Download full-size image John Deutch is an emeritus Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he has been a member of the faculty since 1970. He has served as Chairman of the Department of Chemistry, Dean of Science, and Provost. In the Carter Administration, he served as Director of Energy Research (1977–1979), Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Technology (1979), and Undersecretary (1979–1980) in the US Department of Energy. He has been a member of the President's Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee (1980–1981), the White House Science Council (1985–1989), the President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology (1997–2001), and the Secretary of the Energy Advisory Board (2008–2016). John Deutch has published widely on technical and policy aspects of energy and the environment and has been a member of the board of directors or of the technical advisory committees of several energy companies.
Terminal position of a tibial intramedullary nail: a computed tomography (CT) based study.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the distal anatomic end-point of a tibial intramedullary nail placed using modern surgical techniques. The goal is to improve reduction of distal tibia fractures. An intramedullary nail was placed in 14 skeletally mature legs. This included 8 patients with mid-shaft tibial fractures and 6 intact cadaveric legs. Each nail was a titanium cannulated tibial nail, size 10- or 11-mm. The nails were placed using a suprapatellar or transpatellar approach with an ideal starting point. All legs received post-nail insertion CT scans and fluoroscopy. The main outcome measure was the terminal location of the nail just proximal to the distal tibial physeal scar, as seen on axial CT and fluoroscopic views of the ankle (mortise and lateral). The end-point was measured as the (1) ratio of medial–lateral tibial width (ML ratio) and (2) ratio of anterior–posterior tibial width (AP ratio). Two-tailed Welch’s t tests were used to compare the actual, observed position of the nail to the hypothesized center–center position (H0 = ML and AP ratio of 0.5). All enrolled patients (n = 8) and cadaveric legs were included (n = 6). On axial CT, the average distance from the medial tibial cortex to the nail center as a ratio of medial–lateral tibial width was 0.63, 95% CI 0.60–0.67, p 0.05). The distal end-point of a tibial intramedullary nail is lateral (ML plane) and center (AP plane) in both cadaveric legs and patients with midshaft tibia fractures. These results suggest that the treatment of distal tibia fractures with intramedullary nails may be improved by positioning the nail slightly lateral in the distal segment. Diagnostic level I.
Changing Through Relationships and Reflection: An Exploratory Investigation of Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of Young Children Experiencing Homelessness

One in 30 American children experience homelessness, and yet educators are often unaware of the challenges these students face. Drawing on a qualitative study of 21 pre-service teachers (PSTs) interviewed at the completion of their early childhood/ESL teacher education program, the overall purpose of this study was to ascertain PSTs’ reported attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and self-identified skills for working with young homeless children in schools with the goal of identifying opportunities for teacher education programs to better prepare PSTs for work with children experiencing homelessness. Findings suggest that PSTs enter teacher preparation with many misconceptions about children and families experiencing homelessness. Incorporating specific information about homelessness into coursework and supervision, nurturing PSTs’ capacity for critical self-reflection, and creating opportunities for PSTs to develop positive teacher–student relationships with children experiencing homelessness were identified as essential in fostering PST self-efficacy, and, by extension, the resilience of homeless children. By illuminating the processes through which PSTs make sense of children’s experiences of homelessness and its impacts on schooling, these findings have important implications for the education of young children and the design of professional development opportunities and structured learning for preservice teachers.
Neutrophil Elastase Activates Macrophage MMPs, Promotes Cell Adhesion And Cytokine Production Via Integrin-Src Kinases Pathway

There are a number of diseases characterized by the presence of neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in tissues including cystic fibrosis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency induced lung destruction. It is generally accepted that NE actively contributes to this pathological process, but the precise mechanisms has yet to be determined. We hypothesized that NE activates the macrophages (M{phi}) pro-inflammatory program. We demonstrate that following NE exposure, monocyte-derived M{phi} release proteolytic activity composed of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which could contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. NE upregulates expression of M{phi} derived pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1{beta}, and IL-8. Thus, NE-activated M{phi} can contribute to tissue destruction through the proteolytic activity of metalloproteinases and by supporting chronic inflammation through expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also demonstrate that NE increases M{phi} adhesion that is attenuated by antibodies specific to integrin subunits. We show that the effects of NE on M{phi} can be mediated through an activation of integrin pathways. In support of integrin involvement, we demonstrate that NE activates the Src kinase family, a hallmark of integrin signaling activation. Moreover, pretreatment of macrophages with a specific Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, completely prevents NE-induced inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together these findings indicate that NE has effect on lung destruction that extends beyond direct proteolytic degradation of matrix proteins.
Predicting Imminent Suicidal Thoughts and Nonfatal Attempts: The Role of Complexity:

For decades, our ability to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has been at near-chance levels. The objective of this study was to advance prediction by addressing two major methodologic...