cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Children's nutritional status in female-headed households in the Dominican Republic

Abstract A national representative household survey of food consumption, income, and expenditure was conducted in the Dominican Republic in 1986 by Tufts University School of Nutrition in cooperation with USAID Office of Nutrition [1: Rogers B.L. and Swindale A. Determinants of Food Consumption in the Dominican Republic . USAID/S & T/Nutrition, Washington, DC, 1988]. Out of 1440 families surveyed 706 had children under 6 years of age. Anthropometric indicators of height and weight were collected for all 1251 children in the sample in a follow-up study conducted from December 1986 to January 1987 by Tufts with USAID/Santo Domingo Mission funding. Anthropometric measurement were converted to (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ). Earnings in families with children having males as heads-of-household were roughly one-third greater than in thosse with females as household head; total income was also greater in these families, though not significantly. More calories and protein per adult equivalent were available in male-headed families as well. In spite of this economic and dietary situation there was a trend throughout the entire sample for children of female-headed households to be taller and heavier for their age than those of two parent homes; all three anthropometric measures showed differences in the same direction. In the lowest expenditure quartile, WAZ and WHZ were significantly greater to children in female-headed households than their counterparts in male-headed households (WAZ: P = 0.01, WHZ: P = 0.00). This finding remained significant even when controlling for the mother's employment outside the home. Multivariate regression analysis of children from households in the lowest quartile revealed a significant positive association between the percentage of household earnings from women and nutritional status, particularly HAZ. The percentage of income from women was highly significant, and its beta coefficient was high compared with other significant variables included in the model. This positive effect remained strong even when controlling for income, mother's schooling, and such child characteristics as birthweight, birth order and age. It is concluded that at low income level in the Dominican Republic, children from female-headed households are at least as well nourished as children living in male-headed households of the same income class; this may be explained in part, by female-generated income.
Quetiapine-induced peripheral edema

Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic with relatively benign side-effect profile. Here we report a rare side-effect of quetiapine use. This is the second reported case of peripheral edema with quetiapine use. Unaware of this rare side-effect, patient had to endure extensive investigations.
Fibroelastoma presenting as an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with distal embolization of the left coronary circulation.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4][![Graphic][5] ][5][![Graphic][6] ][6] A 50-year-old African American woman presented with severe substernal chest pain and was found to have significant ST-segment elevations in the anterolateral leads. She underwent a
Local Control and Long-Term Disease-Free Survival for Stage D1 (T2-T4N1-N2M0) Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy in the PSA Era

Objectives With the advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, the number of lymph node metastases found after radical prostatectomy (RP) has been decreasing. Although it has been shown in this population that immediate adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improves survival compared with initiating ADT at clinical recurrence, the effect of starting ADT at biochemical recurrence is unknown. We examined a series of patients with Stage D1 (T2-T4N1-N2M0) prostate cancer discovered after RP, most of whom started ADT at biochemical recurrence. Methods A total of 2121 patients underwent RP and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection from January 1990 and December 2000. Of these men, 28 had lymph node metastases (1.3%), 24 of whom had adequate follow-up data for analysis. Results No perioperative or long-term complications, such as pelvic recurrence, gross hematuria, urinary retention, or hydronephrosis, developed. With a median follow-up of 74 months, the estimated 5-year survival rate was 94%, similar to the average life expectancy of age-matched men in the United States. The 5-year biochemical disease-free survival rate was 15%. A total of 18 patients who did not start immediate ADT had an estimated 100% overall survival rate at 5 years. Conclusions The results of our study have shown that survival for patients with Stage D1 prostate cancer after RP is excellent and equivalent to that of age-matched controls. Long-term pelvic morbidity due to primary tumor progression was prevented by RP. By waiting until PSA failure to initiate ADT, we found that a small percentage of patients (15% at 5 years) were rendered disease free with surgery alone and could avoid the side effects of ADT, with excellent overall survival maintained for those starting ADT at biochemical progression.
Acute small bowel bleeding: a distinct entity with significantly different economic implications compared with GI bleeding from other locations.

Abstract Background: Historically, acute lower intestinal bleeding has incorporated small bowel with colonic sources. This potentially obscures the unique characteristics of small bowel bleeding, which are eclipsed by the attributes of the much more common colonic bleeding. Separating acute lower intestinal bleeding into small bowel and colonic sources may delineate characteristics of each, thereby making it possible to determine whether clinical outcomes vary by anatomic level of bleeding. Methods: A total of 29 consecutive patients (15 women, 14 men; age 68.6 ±2.4 years) with acute small bowel bleeding were compared with two other groups, each with 29 consecutive patients, with either acute colonic bleeding or acute upper GI bleeding. Clinical presentation, outcomes, and resource utilization for small bowel bleeding were compared with similar parameters for acute colonic bleeding and upper GI bleeding. Results: Although the clinical presentation did not always distinguish the 3 groups, resource utilization was significantly higher in the small bowel bleeding group. The latter group required a higher number of diagnostic procedures ( p p p p p Conclusions: Small bowel bleeding ("mid-intestinal bleeding") is a distinct clinical entity with significantly worse outcomes compared with colonic bleeding and upper GI bleeding. The focus of the investigation should be directed to the small bowel, with enteroscopy or capsule endoscopy, when 3 investigative procedures fail to localize recurrent overt GI bleeding.
Enterprise resource planning systems and its implications for operations function

Abstract Over the last decade, our world has changed dramatically due to the growing phenomenon of globalization and revolution in information technology. There is tremendous demand on companies to lower costs, enlarge product assortment, improve product quality, and provide reliable delivery dates through effective and efficient coordination of production and distribution activities. To achieve these conflicting goals, companies must constantly re-engineer or change their business practices and employ information systems. In 1990s, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have emerged as an enabling technology, which integrates various functional (operations, marketing, finance) information systems into a seamless suite of business applications across the company and thereby, allowed for streamlined processing of business data and cross-functional integration. Thus, ERP systems provide an enticing solution to managers who have struggles with incompatible information systems and inconsistent operations policies. However, successful implementation of ERP systems requires active participation from senior-level managers from various functional areas so as to delineate its impact on the business level as well as functional level strategies. In this paper, we have endeavored to provide operations managers a brief overview of ERP systems and highlight its implications for operations function. Specifically, the objective of this paper is to give a broad based overview of enterprise resource planning systems. Using SAP R/3 as an example system, we discuss how an ERP system can assist in enhancing strengthening business strategy and making consistent operations decisions: process design, production planning and scheduling, inventory management, quality management, human resource management.
Rectifiers for electronic D-C motor drives

THE USE of rectifiers for d-c motor control is a natural development because of their ease of control, high speed of response, and use of all static components. The economics of d-c motor drive applications showed that 550 volts direct current would give the best return. Standard rectifier equipment has been developed which delivers 550 volts direct current directly from a 460-volt 3-phase power system by using a 3-phase double-way (full-wave) rectifier power circuit. The majority of d-c motor drive applications can be supplied from 150-kw, 300-kw, or 500-kw power units.
Guardrail Runout Lengths Revisited

The guardrail runout length recommendations contained in AASHTO's Roadside Design Guide were reevaluated to determine optimal guardrail length of need. Encroachment data collected along Canadian highways were evaluated in a manner similar to that used with other encroachment data to reproduce the procedures contained in AASHTO's Roadside Design Guide. A cost-benefit analysis of extending guardrails was also conducted as an alternative procedure for defining appropriate guardrail runout lengths. Both analysis procedures indicate that the guardrail runout lengths recommended by the Roadside Design Guide are excessive. Highway agencies are advised to select one of the two new procedures for identifying appropriate guardrail runout lengths.
Impediments and Innovation in International Rivers: The Waters of South Asia

Abstract International cooperation over the major rivers in South Asia has recently become much closer. Five agreements, signed in 1996 and 1997 against a background of greater regional economic and nongovernmental contact, could facilitate significant progress to mitigate flooding and drought, to provide a basis for greater regional cooperation, and to sustain irrigation expansion and industrial development. This paper identifies past impediments to cooperation. It examines how new agreements seem to offer negotiation on a wider range of issues than previously, and to expand the range of potential negotiating bodies beyond national governments to include subnational governments, private corporations, and nongovernmental organizations.
Breast-conserving therapy in patients with bilateral breast cancer: Do today’s treatment choices burn bridges for tomorrow?

Purpose: To determine how often initial treatment choices limit treatment options for subsequent breast cancer management in patients undergoing breast-conserving therapy (BCT), in particular with treatment of internal mammary nodes. Methods and Materials: Between January 1985 and June 2001, 464 women with pathologic Stage 0, I, and II (T0-2, N0-1) breast cancer underwent BCT at our institution. All 464 patients had computed tomography-based treatment planning. In patients with bilateral breast cancer, the planning computed tomography scans were used to determine the impact initial radiation therapy fields had on treatment options for subsequent contralateral breast cancer. Results: There were 500 breast cancers diagnosed in 464 patients. Thirty-six patients (8%) had bilateral breast cancer with 9 (2%) synchronous and 27 (6%) metachronous primaries. In 80 patients, the ipsilateral internal mammary nodes were explicitly treated. Initial breast cancer treatment choices impacted subsequent treatment decisions for the contralateral breast in only 2 of 464 patients (0.4%) in the study: 2 of 80 patients (2.5%) whose internal mammary nodes were treated, and 2 of 27 patients (7.4%) who developed metachronous bilateral breast cancer. Conclusions: Initial BCT, including internal mammary node irradiation, rarely compromised future contralateral breast-conserving therapy.
Prevalence, incidence, and implications of silent myocardial infarctions in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Together with a thorough history and physical examination, a simple 12-lead ECG is perhaps the most inexpensive and accessible cardiovascular assessment available. For the evaluation of coronary heart disease, the ECG is indispensable as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapy-guiding tool in the evaluation of acute ischemic symptoms. For example, in a patient with ongoing angina, the presence of ST-segment elevation identifies a potential acute myocardial infarction (MI), categorizes a patient at high risk of death, and prompts a strategy of immediate reperfusion. Article see p 980 In contrast, among stable, asymptomatic patients, the role of a screening ECG to detect prior MI is less clear. A screening test is only as good as its diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity), the prevalence of the disease in the population, and the clinician’s pretest suspicion or probability that the patient has the disease. Thus, what testing criteria we use, in which population we use it, and how we approach the actual patient can dramatically alter the utility of a test like the ECG for detecting ischemic heart disease. Pathological Q waves are the most well-accepted marker of myocardial damage on a surface ECG and, when discovered incidentally, are often called silent, or unrecognized, MI.1,2 Since the Framingham Study reported >40 years ago that silent MIs accounted for almost one quarter of all MIs during 20 years of follow up and carry a poor prognosis similar to that of symptomatic MI,3 the prevalence and prognostic implications of Q waves have been evaluated in many cohort and clinical settings.4,5 The data supporting universal ECG screening, however, remain inconclusive, and the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against the use of screening ECGs in the general population, in which the …
Children's Talk about Conflict: An Exploration of the Voices and Views of the `Experts':

The research reported in this paper is an exploration of children's understandings of the concept and experience of interpersonal conflict. Data were gathered at focus group discussions with 7- to 16-year-old children. The analysis which is presented focuses on the children's metaphors of conflict as a place, conflict as an explosion and conflict as betrayal. Children's own descriptions of their experiences and understandings are emphasized. Thus, to the extent possible, what is presented is an examination of children's perspectives/voices as opposed to adult-centered analyses of children's experiences.
Sternal-manubrial separation as a complication of marrow aspiration in a patient with protein-calorie malnutrition and osteoporosis.

A simple needle aspiration of marrow from the sternum was performed in a middle-aged woman with severe protein-calorie malnutrition and osteoporosis. Though carefully performed, a separation of the st
Orthogonal digital filters for VLSI implementation

In this paper, an algorithm is developed for the realization of any stable, passive digital rational transfer function in a cascaded interconnection of similar processors with only nearest neighbor links. Extremely high throughput rates are shown to be achievable since the realization yields a pipelineable architecture. By appropriately choosing some normalization constants, limit cycle and overflow oscillations can also be eliminated. Experimental evidence is presented to show the low sensitivity of the structure with respect to perturbations of its parameters. The realization algorithm is extremely simple to implement, particularly for Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic Selective Filters. The procedure presented here is an outgrowth of certain results in stochastic estimation theory, involving in particular, the so-called fast Schur algorithm for lattice filters.
Effects of deposition process parameters on exchange coupling of /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//NiFe bi-layers and GMR of /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//NiFe/Cu/NiFe spin valves

Effects of deposition process parameters on the exchange coupling of /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//NiFe bi-layers and GMR characteristics of /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3//NiFe/Cu/NiFe spin-valves using optimized anti-ferromagnetic /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ layer have been investigated. The exchange bias field was increased in /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/(50 nm)/NiFe (7 nm) bi-layers by increasing oxygen partial pressure to 14.7%, substrate bias to 125 V, and input sputtering power up to 800 W of RF reactively sputtered /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films. The thickness of NiFe and /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ layers also had an influence on the exchange coupling characteristics. By decreasing NiFe thickness from 35 nm to 5 nm and increasing /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ thickness from 550 nm, the exchange bias field dramatically increased up to 62.5 Oe. However, in the /spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ thickness range of 50-100 nm, the exchange bias field decreased from 62.5 to 21.5 Oe. The GMR performance of as-deposited Si//spl alpha/-Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/(50 nm)/NiFe(3.25 nm)/Cu(2 nm)/NiFe(3.25 nm)/Au (5.4 nm) spin valve structures was characterized. The CMR ratio and MR sensitivity was 5.2% and 0.6%/0e, respectively.
The adductor magnus "mini-hamstring": MRI appearance and potential pitfalls.

To examine the anatomic MRI characteristics of the adductor magnus mini hamstring (AMMH) and explore its involvement in cases of hamstring avulsion. An IRB-approved retrospective review of patients undergoing “hamstring protocol” MRI between March 2009 and June 2014 was performed. Two musculoskeletal radiologists recorded multiple AMMH anatomic characteristics and involvement in cases of hamstring avulsion. Seventy-six AMMHs were analyzed in 66 patients [35 females and 31 males, mean age 49.3 ± 15.2 years (range 17–81)]. Eleven percent of AMMHs were poorly visualized, 51 % visualized, and 37 % well visualized. Seven percent demonstrated round, 73 % ovoid, and 21 % flat/lenticular tendon morphologies. Most (88 %) demonstrated typical origins. Average cross-sectional area (CSA) was 22.4 ± 10.6 mm² (range 6–56), diameter was 7.2 ± 2.5 mm (range 2.9–15), medial distance from the semimembranosus tendon was 7.5 ± 2.5 mm (range 3–14), and tendon length was 6.8 ± 3.3 cm (range 1.2–14.1). There was no gender difference in AMMH anatomic measurements or correlation between age and CSA or diameter. Of 17 complete hamstring avulsion cases, the AMMH was intact in 13, partially torn in 3, and completely torn in 1. The AMMH is a constant finding with variable anatomic characteristics. It is visualized or well visualized by MRI in 88 % of cases and is a sizable tendon located in close proximity to the semimembranosus tendon. Because it is uncommonly completely torn (6 %) in cases of complete hamstring avulsion, radiologists should be aware of its presence and appearance to avoid diagnostic confusion.
Evaluation of replicon particle vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) causes significant economic, food production, and animal welfare problems for the world swine industry. The immune factors responsible for prevention of PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection are poorly understood. Further exploration of the factors responsible for PRRSV’s evasion of host defenses may contribute to improved vaccine design. We hypothesized that vaccination of pigs with a replicon particle (RP) derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (strain, TC-83) would interfere with the natural progression of PRRSV viremia due to the robust innate immune responses induced by the replicon system immediately after RP injection. To test this, we vaccinated young pigs with an RP vaccine against swine influenza virus and challenged with PRRSV at 24 or 72 hours post-vaccination. Compared to placebo, RP-vaccinated pigs had reduced viremia at various time points post-challenge, as well as a reduction in total viral load. The use of RP to modulate the immune system may prove useful for further study of PRRSV and other pathogens.
Carotid and Vertebral Intervention

Stroke represents the third most common cause of death in the United States, and nearly 20% of strokes are caused by atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. During the past two decades, significant advances in medical therapy and prevention, surgical revascularization, and endovascular treatment options have revolutionized the approach to the management of patients with cerebrovascular disease. Through careful review of the clinical trials literature – both historical and contemporary – we explore areas of controversy and those where consensus exists, enabling the identification of “best practice,” tailored to suit the individual patient and clinical scenario.
Predictors of lower extremity arterial injury after total knee or total hip arthroplasty.

Objective Lower extremity arterial injury is a rare complication following total knee (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). To date, no multi-institutional study has identified preoperative factors that may portend increased risk for these injuries. We queried a large clinical database for the incidence and predictors of arterial injury and/or compromise following lower extremity arthroplasty. Methods Prospectively collected preoperative and postoperative data by the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) of the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers were analyzed. All patients from 1996 to 2003 in the NSQIP database who underwent TKA or THA were identified via CPT codes. NSQIP defined, 30-day, postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Data were compared using bivariable analysis, as well as limited multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 41,633 arthroplasties (24,029 TKA, 2077 redo-TKA, 13,494 THA, 2033 redo-THA) were identified in the NSQIP database. A total of 34 (0.08%) lower extremity arterial injuries were recognized (0.08% TKA, 0.19% redo-TKA, 0.04% THA, 0.20% redo-THA). Eighteen injuries were repaired on the same day of surgery (seven intraop, 11 postop), eight between postoperative days 1 and 5, and 8 between days 6 and 30. Only two patients underwent lower extremity amputation (overall limb loss rate of 5.9% of patients who had arterial injury). Statistically significant predictors of lower extremity arterial injury identified on logistic regression analysis included redo procedure (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-6.0, P = .013) and African American race (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.3, P = .02). Conclusion Lower extremity arterial injury was exceedingly rare after total knee or total hip arthroplasty. There is an increased incidence in African American patients and those undergoing redo arthroplasty. Among patients who sustain vascular injury, excellent limb salvage rates can be achieved with close postoperative surveillance to achieve early detection and repair of injuries.
Aspirin-Exacerbated Asthma

This review focuses on aspirin-exacerbated asthma (AEA). The review includes historical perspective of aspirin, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of AEA. The pathogenesis of AEA involves the cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase pathway. Aspirin affects both of these pathways by inhibiting the enzyme cycooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Inhibition of COX-1 leads to a decrease in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The decrease in PGE2 results in an increase in cysteinyl leukotrienes by the lipooxygenase pathway involving the enzyme 5-lipooxygenase (5-LO). Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase is the enzyme responsible for the production of leukotriene C4, the chief cysteinyl leukotriene responsible for AEA. There have been familial occurences of AEA. An allele of the LTC4 synthase gene in AEA is known as allele C. Allele C has a higher frequency in AEA. Clinical presentation includes a history of asthma after ingestion of aspirin, nasal congestion, watery rhinorrhea and nasal polyposis. Treatment includes leukotriene receptor antagonists, leukotriene inhibitors, aspirin desinsitaztion and surgery. AEA is the most well-defined phenotype of asthma. Although AEA affects adults and children with physician-diagnosed asthma, in some cases there is no history of asthma and AEA often goes unrecognized and underdiagnosed.
Linear-scaling density-functional-theory calculations of electronic structure based on real-space grids: design, analysis, and scalability test of parallel algorithms

We have implemented parallel algorithms for density-functional-theory (DFT) based electronic-structure calculations. These include a plane-wave based algorithm, a real-space-grid algorithm based on a high-order finite difference method, and a linear-scaling real-space algorithm using localized orbitals. Parallelization schemes are described for these algorithms, and the computational complexity and the communications involved in the resulting parallel algorithms are analyzed. Scalability tests of these algorithms on massively parallel computers show that the linear-scaling DFT algorithm is highly scalable. For a 110,592-atom gallium arsenide system on 1024 IBM SP3 processors, the parallel efficiency is as high as 93%.
Listening to consumers and HIV vaccine preparedness.

As the HIV/AIDS pandemic rages globally into a third decade one of our best hopes for reversing the pandemic is the development evaluation and dissemination of safe and effective preventive HIV vaccines. An important challenge on this arduous journey is the recruitment of volunteers for trials of such vaccines. Edward Mills and colleagues’ recent article is an important milestone in this Herculean battle. They provide a comprehensive systematic review of existing studies on barriers to participation in HIV vaccine trials. They identify several key barriers to participation in HIV vaccine trials: safety concerns mistrust of clinical research and fear of social discrimination. They recommend that vaccine trialists use these findings to anticipate and mitigate barriers to trial participation. (excerpt)
Parameter estimation and the importance of phase in acoustic microscopy

The proper operation of the scanning laser acoustic microscope depends on the determination of many parameters, such as the depth of subsurface structures and the velocity and wavelength of sound in the specimen. Two methods of determining these parameters are presented which use the contrast and the variance of the subsurface images formed from the detected wavefields to provide a quantitative measure of parameter accuracy. This microscope is capable of detecting both the magnitude and phase of the received wavefield. The importance of the phase information in image reconstruction and specimen evaluation is described. >
Prehistory, Identity, and Archaeological Representation in Nordic Museums

In this article, I examine the variable representation of Saami (Lapp) prehistory in several Nordic museums. The analysis is situated at the intersection of (1) the examination of the ideology of archaeological practice, (2) the discourse about creation of indigenous identity, and (3) the visual culture of museum exhibitions. I describe and analyze displays about archaeology and prehistory from seven museums in Sweden, Finland, and Norway. The presentation of Saami prehistory differs significantly between majority community museums and those run by Saami communities. These presentations reflect ideologies implicated in building indigenous, nationalist, and pannational identities as well as in establishing legitimacy of Saami claims to land and heritage. Representations of the past are inevitably political because they are about linking people, place, and legitimacy. Ambiguities in these uses of prehistory are discussed, as is the globalizing role of the European Union.
HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AND NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS: A REVIEW

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is generated during methionine metabolism. It has a physiologic role in DNA metabolism via methylation, a process governed by the presentation of folate, and vitamins B6 and B12. Physiologic Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake and vitamin status. Elevated plasma levels of Hcy (eHcy) can be caused by deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folate, or a combination thereof. Certain genetic factors also cause eHcy, such as C667T substitution of the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. eHcy has been observed in several medical conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, minimal cognitive impairment, dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and eclampsia. There is evidence from laboratory and clinical studies that Hcy, and especially eHcy, exerts direct toxic effects on both the vascular and nervous systems. This article provides a review of the current literature on the possible roles of eHcy relevant to various neurologic disorders.
Ammonite fossil portrayed on an ancient Greek countermarked coin

The image on a Greek coin of the second-first century BC is identified as an ammonite fossil and linked to the eponymous Ammon, the Egyptian ram-headed god.
'Cowboy Economics' versus 'Spaceship Ecology': Constructing a Sustainable Environmental Ethic

In order to improve and protect the environment while keeping in mind economic realities that constrain action it is essential to devise an ethical approach amenable to both economics and environmental ethics. This paper endeavors to provide a framework for achieving such a compromise by: (1) Defining critical tenets of neoclassical economics and deep ecology; (2) Reframing the policy problem; (3) Reviewing the weaknesses of regulative, normative, and cognitive institutionalist perspectives on economics and the environment; and (4) Suggesting a normative analytical framework that allows for a dialogue between economics and environmental ethics. I conclude that a more sustainable environmental ethic which promotes both efficiency and justice should be based on three principles: regulation, education, and participation.
Multistage Continuous Mixed-Suspension, Mixed-Product Removal (MSMPR) Crystallization with Solids Recycle

Continuous crystallization process has potential advantages such as lower cost and improved flexibility in pharmaceutical production when compared to batch crystallization. A good continuous crystallization process should achieve a high product yield and purity comparable to current batch crystallization processes. For compounds that have low growth rates, a high yield is difficult to achieve without long residence times. Solids recycle is a potential solution for this problem as it can increase the surface area of crystals in the crystallizer thus increasing the mass deposition rate. In this study, solids recycle was used in a two-stage continuous mixed-suspension, mixed-product removal (MSMPR) cooling crystallization. Manual solids recycle and the use of a designed column for automatic slurry concentration were employed. The crystallization of cyclosporine, which has very low growth rate (about 0.1 μm/min) at low temperatures in acetone, showed only 65.0% yield in a two-stage MSMPR without solids recycl...
SRC family kinase FYN promotes the neuroendocrine phenotype and visceral metastasis in advanced prostate cancer

FYN is a SRC family kinase (SFK) that has been shown to be up-regulated in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and cell lines. In this study, we observed that FYN is strongly up-regulated in human neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) tissues and xenografts, as well as cells derived from a NEPC transgenic mouse model. In silico analysis of FYN expression in prostate cancer cell line databases revealed an association with the expression of neuroendocrine (NE) markers such as CHGA, CD44, CD56, and SYP. The loss of FYN abrogated the invasion of PC3 and ARCaPM cells in response to MET receptor ligand HGF. FYN also contributed to the metastatic potential of NEPC cells in two mouse models of visceral metastasis with two different cell lines (PC3 and TRAMPC2-RANKL). The activation of MET appeared to regulate neuroendocrine (NE) features as evidenced by increased expression of NE markers in PC3 cells with HGF. Importantly, the overexpression of FYN protein in DU145 cells was directly correlated with the increase of CHGA. Thus, our data demonstrated that the neuroendocrine differentiation that occurs in PCa cells is, at least in part, regulated by FYN kinase. Understanding the role of FYN in the regulation of NE markers will provide further support for ongoing clinical trials of SFK and MET inhibitors in castration-resistant PCa patients.
The Need for New Emphasis on Batterers Intervention Programs

Although Batterers’ Intervention Programs (BIPs) remain a crucial part of victim safety and coordinated community responses, they have received less support and less attention by scholars than other parts of the domestic violence system. Research on BIPs also suggests that they have not been particularly effective at preventing recidivism, are prone to attrition, and increasingly lack the support and confidence of the courts. Nevertheless, BIPs remain one of the few viable alternatives to incarceration for perpetrators of domestic violence. This article examines the historical and empirical reasons for the apparent lack of effectiveness of BIPs. New research suggests avenues for improvement. This begins with incorporating existing research findings, consistency in implementation of best practice models, better diagnosis of personality characteristics of perpetrators and of types of violence that characterize their relationships as well as better funding and support for research. In addition, differentiate...
Guided Waves In GPR Data: Depth Imaging And Analysis of Phase And Group Velocities

We present a two-dimensional (2D) profile of subsurface permittivity structure derived from GPR guided waves. Although we work with multi-channel GPR data, we analyze the GPR guided waves using single-channel techniques. Single-channel analysis sidesteps assumptions regarding lateral homogeneity within receiver arrays and, as a result, we invert for detailed 2D structure along an acquisition line. The processing consists of three steps: (1) picking group traveltime as a function of frequency for many source-receiver pairs, (2) tomography in the lateral direction for a model of group velocity as a function of lateral position and frequency, and (3) inversion of the local group velocity dispersion curve at each lateral position for a local depth model of permittivity. We construct a 2D image of permittivity from a GPR survey taken near the Kuparuk River, Alaska, and interpret the lateral transition from a dry channel to a peat layer along the acquisition line.
Cross-sectional Study on AIDS-related Behaviors Among Female Sexual Workers Serving in Different Kinds of Entertainment Places

Objective To understand the knowledge level about AIDS and the condition of high risk behavior among female sexual workers serving in different kinds of entertainment places. Methods We administered an anonymous questionnaire among the 124 female sexual workers serving in different kinds of entertainment places and then analyzed the data by the SPSS11.0 software. Results Most of the female sexual workers did not realize the risk of engaging in sexual service and the rate of condom-using was low. Compared with kind B sexual workers, the income of kind A was higher, the condition of condom-carrying and-using was better, and the subjects they served were also different. Conclusion There are many problems in the AIDS prevention among these particular population. The female sexual workers serving in hair-dressing saloons, parks and let rooms are the key and difficulty points of AIDS education and intervention.
On the Different Essences Between the Prefaces of Ode of the Two Han Dynasties

It is quite common for a ode with a preface.There are some arguments on the prefaces of ode of the two Han dynasties for the concept of those prefaces are mixed up in《WenXuan》.It is more credible that all the pefaces of West Han dynastyg have historical phrasedogies,which was suggested by Wang Guan Guo.The fact that most of the poems and odes of West Han dynasty have story background assured Wang's describing history theory.The prefaces of East Han dynasty show a strong trait of independence.
Thorstein Veblen, Heterodox Economist, in Retrospect

Contrary to the conventional disregard and denigration of Thorstein Veblen, his work is deep, important and multifaceted, and thus amenable to many diverse commentaries and interpretations. Space restrictions require that I be selective in assessing his work. I shall concentrate on three interrelated facets: Veblen’s status in economics, his conception of the economy and his role in demystification. Perhaps this last is the central theme — its challenge to orthodoxy, its role in social science and the conditions of its use.
Dynamical Unstable Processes in the Brain: A Biologically Inspired Communication Mechanism from “Unconscious” to “Conscious” Actors

Abstract The specific aim of this article is to illustrate a possible model to explain and better define in future, the emergence of a conscience like ability from the normal brain operations. We consider the normal behavior of the brain to be highly dynamic and use the chaos theory to formalize it. The emergence mechanism is explained in terms of the synchronization and filtering capabilities of the single computational units (from single neurons to specific brain regions). To obtain such results we suggest the use of the filtering operation as a read/write operation that uses the unstable dynamics as a distributed processing and memorization device. The main focus of this article, though, is only on the read operation. These mechanisms provides the basic building block to go from an unconscious, purely biological and physical, behavior to a pre-conscious (“core consciousness”) one in which the single elements of the conscious perception can be altered according to a specific target that can violate the underlying biological/physical laws. In other words, it is possible to define the emergence of the basic building block of the conscious behavior (qualia?): that is the simultaneous presence of the elements from different perceptual systems (vision, tact, smell etc.). These lists of simultaneously present elements, that changes in time according to the interaction with the external world, form the lists of elements to be brought in a Global Workspace Theory based system.
Front-Tracking Methods

Abstract Front tracking is the use of surfaces or lower dimensional manifolds as computational degrees of freedom in a numerical algorithm. Its purpose is to improve the resolution of discontinuities or steep gradients in the solution variables or in the laws of physics which describe them. Thermal or concentration discontinuities, and thermodynamic phase discontinuities, often poorly handled by Eulerian advection schemes, may benefit from the use of front tracking. Other examples include discontinuities or strong gradients in opacity, conductivity, permeability and material strength. We present the front-tracking algorithm in a formulation which includes two important recent developments, namely (cell-by-cell) conservation and an application programming interface for ease of insertion of tracking into client codes. Ongoing work to improve the late time robustness of the solution, still in progress, is outlined here. We also present an overview of solved problems, based on the front-tracking algorithm. We discuss in general terms the problem classes for which the algorithm is beneficial as well as those for which it seems to offer little benefit. This important distinction is the topic of ongoing research.
Neoliberalism as Social Necrophilia

In this paper, I am drawing on Erich Fromm’s work in order to rethink and explain the current economic, political, and humanitarian crisis in Greece and cast some light on the discussion of “what is to be done.” More specifically, I am discussing the ongoing neoliberal experiment in Greece as a case of “social necrophilia” drawing on Fromm’s work on “human destructiveness.”
Predicting Deformation Limits of Dual-Phase Steels Under Complex Loading Paths

In this study, the deformation limits of various DP980 steels are examined with the deformation instability theory. Under uniaxial tension, overall stress–strain curves of the material are estimated based on a simple rule of mixture (ROM) with both iso-strain and iso-stress assumptions. Under complex loading paths, an actual microstructure-based finite element (FE) method is used to resolve the deformation compatibilities explicitly between the soft ferrite and hard martensite phases. The results show that, for uniaxial tension, the deformation instability theory with iso-strain-based ROM can be used to provide the lower bound estimate of the uniform elongation (UE) for the various DP980 considered. Under complex loading paths, the deformation instability theory with microstructure-based FE method can be used in examining the effects of various microstructural features on the deformation limits of DP980 steels.
Single-layer antireflection coatings on transparent substrates: Polarization-dependent response at oblique incidence

Abstract The polarization-dependent reflection properties of single-layer antireflection coatings (ARCs) on transparent substrates at oblique-incidence are examined in detail. This includes the intensity reflectances | R p | 2 and | R s | 2 for incident p- and s-polarized light as functions of angle of incidence φ and substrate refractive index n2. For unpolarized or circularly polarized light incident at φ = 45°, we find that the average reflectance is R D = | R s | 2 − | R p | 2 exhibits a maximum near φ = 80°, whose magnitude and exact location are functions of n2. At φ = 45°, the RD is a function of n2 that has its own peak of 0.009 at n2 ≈ 2.0. A non-trivial differential reflection phase shift Δ = δp − δs near-normal incidence (φ = 0.1°) is calculated as a function of n2. Finally, the principal angle, principal azimuth, and second Brewster angle that are usually defined for bare absorbing substrates, are determined for single-layer ARCs on transparent substrates as functions of n2.
A Rogue Foxp3 Mutant Undermines Treg Cell Function.

Hayatsu et al. (2017) reveal that a FOXP3 mutant found in some patients afflicted with the autoimmune disease IPEX has broadened DNA-recognition specificity, directly repressing the expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor Batf. Their findings identify Batf as critical to tissue regulatory T cell function and suggest that polymorphisms that impact FOXP3 DNA-binding specificity may contribute susceptibility to autoimmune disease.
A Conditional Process Analysis of the Teacher Confirmation–Student Learning Relationship

Students enter college with varying degrees of academic self-efficacy, which influences how they respond to effective teaching behaviors. Teacher confirmation is one behavior that has received increased attention because it is thought to indirectly enhance students’ learning by reducing their receiver apprehension in the classroom. Findings from 208 college students supported the hypothesized indirect effects between teacher confirmation and students’ perceived learning through reduced receiver apprehension, but conditional process analyses revealed these indirect effects were moderated by students’ academic self-efficacy. These findings suggest the effectiveness of teacher confirmation behaviors varies among students, with those who lack academic self-efficacy deriving fewer of the intended educational benefits.
Droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces fully decorated with cylindrical macrotextures.

Abstract Hypothesis Impacting on a superhydrophobic surface, water droplet spreads to a pancake shape and then retracts and bounces off. Although the collision time is mostly in the order of couple of 10 ms for millimetric droplets, researchers have shown recently that decorating the superhydrophobic surface with a single macrotexture or intersecting ridge reduces this contact time if the droplet hits the texture or the intersection exactly in the center. Hence, covering the surface with ridges should address this hitting point restriction. Experiments Using an extruder-type 3D printer, we fabricated a superhydrophobic surface fully decorated with cylindrical ridges. The dynamic of water droplet impact on this surface at different impact velocities has been studied for varied droplet volumes and ridge sizes. Findings Our data show that regardless of the location of the contact point, when the kinetic energy of the drop is sufficient to completely wet the ridges, the contact time reduces ∼13% as the consequence of ∼20% faster retraction. For higher impact velocity, the contact becomes shorter since the flattened drop splashes from the periphery. Moreover, the simplified, time-efficient and inexpensive method of fabricating the surfaces presented in this paper can be implemented in fabricating many versatile superhydrophobic surfaces with complex geometries.
Seismic Performance of Buildings with Viscous Damping Systems Designed by the Procedures of ASCE/SEI 7-16

AbstractThis study investigates the seismic performance of buildings with fluid viscous damping systems designed in accordance with the procedures of ASCE/SEI 7-16. The study examines the effect of...
Micropipet Aspiration for Measuring Elastic Properties of Lipid Bilayers

Micropipet aspiration of giant unilamellar vesicles can be used to determine the mechanical properties of area compressibility modulus, bending modulus, and lysis tension of lipid bilayers. In this technique, giant (approximately 25-microm diameter) single bilayered vesicles are aspirated into a pipet of inner diameter approximately 8 microm. The changes in projection length of each vesicle inside of the pipet in response to changes in aspiration (suction) pressure are used to determine mechanical moduli. The suction pressure of vesicle rupture (lysis) is used to determine the membrane tension of lysis (lysis tension). Micropipet aspiration of giant unilamellar vesicles is highly specialized, requiring custom laboratory fabrication of most components (e.g., micropipets, chambers, and manometer). Herein, methods for fabrication of each of these components and instructions for measurements are described.
"Out of Children's Needs, Children's Rights": The Child's Voice in Defining the Family

In Hatching the Egg: A Child-Centered Perspective on Parents’ Rights, 1 I advocated a new approach to thinking about families, which I termed a “generist perspective.” A generist perspective views nurturing of the next generation as the touchstone of the family. This perspective views an adult’s relationship with children as one of trusteeship rather than as one of ownership. Adult “rights” of control and custody yield to the less adversarial notions of obligation to provide nurturing, authority to act on the child’s behalf, and standing to participate in collaborative planning to meet the child’s needs. A generist perspective involves taming the expression of adult power known as “rights talk” in order to redirect the discussion in terms of meeting children’s needs.