cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FOXO1 Competes with Carbohydrate Response Element-binding Protein (ChREBP) and Inhibits Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (TXNIP) Transcription in Pancreatic Beta Cells

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has emerged as an important factor in pancreatic beta cell biology, and tight regulation of TXNIP levels is necessary for beta cell survival. However, the mechanisms regulating TXNIP expression have only started to be elucidated. The forkhead boxO1 transcription factor (FOXO1) has been reported to up-regulate TXNIP expression in neurons and endothelial cells but to down-regulate TXNIP in liver, and the effects on beta cells have remained unknown. We now have found that FOXO1 binds to the TXNIP promoter in vivo in human islets and INS-1 beta cells and significantly decreases TXNIP expression. TXNIP promoter deletion analyses revealed that an E-box motif conferring carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP)-mediated, glucose-induced TXNIP expression is necessary and sufficient for this effect, and electromobility shift assays confirmed FOXO1 binding to this site. Moreover, FOXO1 blocked glucose-induced TXNIP expression and reduced glucose-induced ChREBP binding at the TXNIP promoter without affecting ChREBP expression or nuclear localization, suggesting that FOXO1 may compete with ChREBP for binding to the TXNIP promoter. In fact, a FOXO1 DNA-binding mutant (FOXO1-H215R) failed to inhibit TXNIP transcription, and the effects were not restricted to TXNIP as FOXO1 also inhibited transcription of other ChREBP target genes such as liver pyruvate kinase. Together, these results demonstrate that FOXO1 inhibits beta cell TXNIP transcription and suggest that FOXO1 confers this inhibition by interfering with ChREBP DNA binding at target gene promoters. Our findings thereby reveal a novel gene regulatory mechanism and a previously unappreciated cross-talk between FOXO1 and ChREBP, two major metabolic signaling pathways. Background: Control of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression is critical for pancreatic beta cell survival. Results: FOXO1 binds to the TXNIP promoter; blocks ChREBP occupancy, and inhibits glucose-induced beta cell TXNIP transcription. Conclusion: FOXO1 controls glucose-induced gene expression by competing with ChREBP at target promoters, e.g. TXNIP and L-PK. Significance: This represents a novel gene regulatory mechanism and is the first demonstration of FOXO1-ChREBP cross-talk.
The design and implementation of a digitally based remote cardiac monitoring system

This paper gives an overview of the remote cardiac monitoring system developed at the University of Southern Mississippi in conjunction with NASA through the National Space Technology Laboratory. An overview of the proposed system along with details of the completed parts of the project will be discussed. The project encompasses such areas as satellite telemetry, real-time data collection and transmission, monitoring from a moving vehicle and the human interface with the system. Future goals including a medical data network are proposed.
Harnessing the PD-1 Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a recognized immune checkpoint. It is frequently upregulated on the T cells that infiltrate tumors, providing an inhibitory signal, which may facilitate immune escape. Blocking antibodies have been developed to interrupt the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2, with the goal of increasing the host antitumor immune response. Initial results have been encouraging, with durable responses in both treatment-naive and pretreated patients, along with an acceptable toxicity profile. This tolerability makes PD-1 blockade an excellent potential partner for combination strategies with the approved targeted agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibodies, as well as other investigational immune checkpoint inhibitors or agonist antibodies that may costimulate an immune response. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells is also being evaluated as a predictive biomarker of response to treatment. This review summarizes the biological basis, preclinical studies, ongoing trials, and future challenges associated with targeting the PD-1 pathway in renal cell carcinoma.
Stent implantation of saphenous vein graft aorto-ostial lesions in patients with unstable ischemic syndromes: immediate angiographic results and long-term clinical outcome.

Objectives. This study examined the immediate angiographic and long-term clinical results of stenting saphenous vein graft aorto-ostial stenosis at a single center. Background. Data on the feasibility, safety and short- and long-term clinical results of stent implantation in aorto-ostial lesions in patients with unstable angina are limited. Methods. Palmaz or Palmaz-Schatz stents were deployed in 29 patients (mean [±SD] age 70 ± 10 years) with complex (B2 or C) vein graft aorto-ostial lesion morphology. All patients had angina at rest; 23 (79%) had a previous myocardial infarction; and 13 (45%) had two previous bypass operations (mean graft age 9 ± 5 years). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 42 ± 13%. Results. Thirty-two stents were deployed in 25 new and 4 restenotic aorto-ostial lesions. Ten additional stents were implanted in five patients for eight lesions other than at ostial locations. Stent implantation was successful in all patients. There was no death, Q wave myocardial infarction, bypass surgery or stent thrombosis in the first 30 days. Stenting improved minimal lumen diameter from 0.7 ± 0.5 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5 to 0.8) to 3.3 ± 0.5 mm (CI 3.2 to 3.5) and percent diameter stenosis from 80 ± 13% (CI 75% to 85%) to 1 ± 12% (CI −3% to 6%) (p Conclusions. Palmaz or Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation for saphenous vein graft aorto-ostial stenosis has a high likelihood of immediate success and is associated with a large immediate gain in lumen diameter. Thirty-day and long-term adverse event rates are low. These data suggest that stenting saphenous vein graft aorto-ostial lesions is an acceptable therapeutic option in selected elderly patients with unstable angina and large-diameter vessels.
Electrical breakdown in vacuum

Theories and experimental facts of vacuum breakdown are reviewed. Measurements with gap spacings of 0.015 inch indicate little or no variation of breakdown with tube pressure between approximately 10-5and 10-7torr and with frequency of the applied voltage from 0 to 6 Mc/s. Variation of electrode materials, geometry, and surface preparations provide no marked improvements, but high voltage aging or conditioning does improve the breakdown characteristics by a factor of as much as 2 to 1. Enhanced field emission, from whisker-like protrusions on the cathode surface, causes individual beams of field-emission prebreakdown current to flow from cathode to anode. This prebreakdown current can cause resistive heating of the protrusion and localized electron-bombardment anode heating both of which produce vaporization and destructive effects which could lead to breakdown.
Technical Note-Computational Comparison among Three Multicommodity Network Flow Algorithms

This note presents our computational experience using specialized techniques for solving multicommodity network flow problems. The algorithms investigated include a price-directive decomposition procedure, a resource-directive decomposition procedure using subgradient optimization, and a primal partitioning procedure.
Implementing evidence-based practice: evaluation of an opinion leader strategy to improve breast-feeding rates

Abstract Objective The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of opinion leaders in raising breast-feeding rates. Study design A randomized controlled trial of an opinion leader strategy in 18 hospitals in Central New York State compared mothers' intention to breast-feed during baseline and study years. Multivariate logistic regression with a mixed model analyzed the effects on breast-feeding exclusively and on breast- and formula-feeding combined. Results Obstetric clinicians had a high degree of knowledge about breast-feeding benefits and of perceived responsibility to recommend breast-feeding. Obstetricians, family practitioners, and midwives agreed on the person identified as the opinion leader, in each case an obstetrician who was chief of obstetrics or obstetrics-gynecology. Breast-feeding rates in hospitals with the opinion leader intervention did not differ significantly from those in control-group hospitals during the study year. Conclusion The opinion leader strategy in this case did not improve breast-feeding rates during the study year. Opinion leader strategies may make assumptions about clinician control that are not justified in situations such as breast-feeding.
Correlated, relativistic, and basis set limit molecular polarizability calculations to evaluate an augmented effective core potential basis set

Initial investigations have demonstrated that an augmented ECP basis set can be used to calculate valence electronic properties with deviations of less than 1% from all-electron basis sets. Past work has largely focused on molecules with relatively light atoms (Z<18) examined with time-dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF) theory. In this work, the dipole moment and polarizability of a number of well-studied molecules are examined with HF, MP2, CCSD, and CCSD(T) correlated wave functions. Additionally, systems not as thoroughly studied due to the difficulty of all-electron calculations when Z=50–85 are included. The SBK ECP basis set, augmented with optimized valence functions, performs well across a broad range of methods, less than 3% different from all electron relativistic and correlated wave functions. Orders of magnitude time savings (101–104) are exchanged for a minimal difference from all-electron basis sets. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Altering surface charge nonuniformity on individual colloidal particles.

Charge nonuniformity (σζ) was altered on individual polystyrene latex particles and measured using the novel experimental technique of rotational electrophoresis. It has recently been shown that unaltered sulfated latices often have significant charge nonuniformity (σζ = 100 mV) on individual particles. Here it is shown that anionic polyelectrolytes and surfactants reduce the native charge nonuniformity on negatively charged particles by 80% (σζ = 20 mV), even while leaving the average surface charge density almost unchanged. Reduction of charge uniformity occurs as large domains of nonuniformity are minimized, giving a more random distribution of charge on individual particle surfaces. Targeted reduction of charge nonuniformity opens new opportunities for the dispersion of nanoparticles and the oriented assembly of particles.
Bank Entry and the Low Issue of National Bank Notes: A Re-examination

Economic historians have long been puzzled by the low issue of national bank notes between 1882 and 1891. Circulation fell over 50 percent from $360 million in 1882 to $171 million in 1891 (see Table 1). Yet over that same period the number of national banks more than doubled. In 1890, when circulation had almost reached its lowest point, a confused Comptroller of the Currency wrote that new banks "are now being organized with greater rapidity than in any time for the past twenty-five years."1 Since bank note issue was the major privilege associated with a national bank charter, the anomaly of record numbers entering the system and ignoring note issue has puzzled historians. There are two long-standing theories explaining low note issue. The comptroller's theory links bank note profitability to the price of U.S. government bonds used as collateral to back note issue. Bond prices began rising in the mid-1880s, making note issue less profitable. Banks sold their bonds at a premium and circulation contracted. Note issue rebounded when the bond premiums disappeared after the treasury ran deficits for four consecutive years following the Panic of 1893. This theory was unchallenged until John James focused on the local lending rate as the key variable in determining profitability.3 James argued that a national bank faced two options after accepting a deposit: loan the deposit directly or purchase U.S. bonds as collateral and issue notes. The wider the spread between the loan rate and the bond rate, the more likely a bank would loan the deposit directly rather than tie up funds in low earning bonds. This opportunity-cost approach predicts that note issue should have been lower in regions with higher local lending rates (the South, Midwest, and Pacific). As regional interest rate differentials narrowed, around the turn of the century, note issue became more profitable in the South and West and circulation increased. Local lending rates and bond prices were important variables in determining profitability, but they ignored bank entry and have not adequately explained changes in circulation. I argue that changes in the regulatory environment help greatly to explain the movements in circulation and increased bank entry. The reduction in circulation can be traced to an 1882 change in the law that allowed banks to divest their bond holdings. The law also reduced barriers to entry and made national banking attractive to potential entrants. Circulation rebounded in 1900 when another change in the law made note issue more profitable and induced new banks to enter the system.4
Structural investigations of solid proteins at natural abundance using 2D multiple-pulse NMR

Results from multiple-pulse 2D 1H−13C correlation experiments are described for natural proteins in the solid state. Detailed HETCOR experiments on the complex silk fibroin proteins Samia cynthia ricini (S. c. ricini) and Bombyx mori (B. mori) demonstrate that while the expected dipolar-mediated 13C and 1H correlations are observed, additional chemical shift and coupling information involving amide linkages and dilute peptides are also detected indirectly. This is an important result since we show that the 1H chemical shifts for −NH groups in S. c. ricini are not resolved in the CRAMPS experiments, thereby preventing their direct measurement. Chemical shifts via dipolar couplings (two-spin and multiple-spin interactions) are also detected for dilute peptides in the silk fibroins, again providing key structure information for these functional residues that is completely absent in the CRAMPS data. Relative dynamics of bulky side groups from dilute amino acid residues are apparent from the 2D multiple-pulse ...
Formation of a More Noble Underpotentially Deposited Silver Layer on Gold by the Adsorption of Chloride

The repetitive electrochemical underpotential deposition (upd) and stripping of Ag on Au(111) in sulfuric acid in the presence of small amounts of chloride produce a substantially more noble Ag upd adlayer than that formed during initial depositions. The evidence for this increase in nobility is a gradual and direct replacement of the primary upd and stripping peaks in initial cyclic voltammograms by peaks at anodic potentials higher by roughly 80 mV. The transformation is quantitative and reversible and occurs with a smoothing of the gold substrates, as observed by scanning probe microscopies. The amount of transferred charge increases by about 20% from the initial depositions (92 ± 2 μC/cm2) to the more noble state (110 ± 2 μC/cm2), indicating a change in the Ag adlattice from its initial 3 × 3 structure to a more densely packed structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the more noble Ag adlayer includes a stoichiometric amount of chloride and that its amount varies directly with the ...
Major free fatty acids of Feta cheese.

Abstract A determination of the major free fatty acids (FFA), acetic through oleic, was carried out in ten samples of imported Feta cheese. Representative variants of Teleme and also mild- and sharp-flavored Feta were analyzed, using liquid partition and gas-liquid chromatography. A low total FFA value characterized all Teleme samples. The dominant acid (25–46%) was acetic. In the mild-flavored Feta samples the FFA varied considerably, but their total value was generally low. Again, the acetic acid comprised a high portion of the total acids (28–43%). In the sharp-flavored samples, moderate to excessive amounts of FFA were detected. The acetic acid content did not change but its ratio to the total FFA showed a sharp decrease (5–12%). The butyric acid content increased and its weight percentage was more than four times the reported average for the esterified acid. Increased levels of caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids also were encountered. With the exception of palmitic and stearic, found in lower percentages, the relative concentrations of all other acids approximated the ratios of their esterified counterparts in the milk fat. Relevance of the data to the flavor of the cheeses is discussed.
The electrophysiology of feeding circuits

Obesity is quickly becoming one of the most common and debilitating disorders of the developed world. More than 60% of American adults are now overweight or obese, predisposing them to a host of chronic diseases. To understand the etiology of obesity, and to discover new therapies for obesity, we must understand the components of energy balance. In simple terms, energy intake (feeding) must equal energy expenditure (physical activity, basal metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis) for body weight homeostasis. To maintain homeostasis, neurocircuitry must sense both immediate nutritional status and the amount of energy stored in adipose tissue, and must be able to provide appropriate output to balance energy intake and energy expenditure. The brain receives various signals that carry information about nutritional and metabolic status including neuropeptide PYY(3-36), ghrelin, cholecystokinin, leptin, glucose and insulin. Circulating satiety signals access the brain either by "leakage" across circumventricular organs or transport across the blood-brain barrier. Signals can also activate sensory vagal terminals that innervate the whole gastrointestinal tract.
Effect of cell arrangement and interstitial volume fraction on the diffusivity of monoclonal antibodies in tissue

We present theoretical calculations relating the effective diffusivity of monoclonal antibodies in tissue (Deff) to the actual diffusivity in the interstitium (Dint) and the interstitial volume fraction phi. Measured diffusivity values are effective values, deduced from concentration profiles with the tissue treated as a continuum. By using homogenization theory, the ratio Deff/Dint is calculated for a range of interstitial volume fractions from 10 to 65%. It is assumed that only diffusion in the interstitial spaces between cells contributes to the effective diffusivity. The geometries considered have cuboidal cells arranged periodically, with uniform gaps between cells. Deff/Dint is found to generally be between (2/3) phi and phi for these geometries. In general, the pathways for diffusion between cells are not straight. The effect of winding pathways on Deff/Dint is examined by varying the arrangement of the cells, and found to be slight. Also, the estimates of Deff/Dint are shown to be insensitive to typical nonuniformities in the widths of gaps between cells. From our calculations and from published experimental measurements of the effective diffusivity of an IgG polyclonal antibody both in water and in tumor tissue, we deduce that the diffusivity of this molecule in the interstitium is one-tenth to one-twentieth its diffusivity in water. We also conclude that exclusion of molecules from cells (an effect independent of molecular weight) contributes as much as interstitial hindrance to the reduction of effective diffusivity, for small interstitial volume fractions (around 20%). This suggests that the increase in the rate of delivery to tissues resulting from the use of smaller molecular-weight molecules (such as antibody fragments or bifunctional antibodies) may be less than expected.
Lexicality effects in word and nonword recall of semantic dementia and progressive nonfluent aphasia

Background: Verbal working memory is an essential component of many language functions, including sentence comprehension and word learning. As such, working memory has emerged as a domain of intense research interest both in aphasiology and in the broader field of cognitive neuroscience. The integrity of verbal working memory encoding relies on a fluid interaction between semantic and phonological processes. That is, we encode verbal detail using many cues related to both the sound and meaning of words. Lesion models can provide an effective means of parsing the contributions of phonological or semantic impairment to recall performance. Methods & Procedures: We employed the lesion model approach here by contrasting the nature of lexicality errors incurred during recall of word and nonword sequences by three individuals with progressive nonfluent aphasia (a phonological dominant impairment) compared to that of two individuals with semantic dementia (a semantic dominant impairment). We focused on psycholing...
Biodegradable bone plates and screws for orthognathic surgery: Five year experience

Statement of the Problem: Polylactate bone plates and screws represent a new technology with applications to oral and maxillofacial surgery. The major appeals are adequate strength to permit bone healing followed by biodegradation and excretion of the product. Complications include material breakage and exaggerated inflammatory response associated with biodegradation. The author has placed these materials in more than 300 patients over 5 years for a variety of applications including orthognathic/ craniofacial, facial trauma, and stabilization of bone grafts to the facial skeleton. This abstract will focus on analysis of the experience with the orthognathic/craniofacial patients. Materials and Methods: The products of 3 manufacturers have been used. Demographic data and an analysis of usage, and complications are determined by retrospective review of records. Variables such as systemic disease, age, gender, site of placement, patient size, manufacturer, etc, are tested for association with complications. Method of Data Analysis: The majority of experience has been 2 vendors (Bionx and Inion). Minimal experience is with another (Macropore). The mean age of the population is 23.28 12.05 years. The range is 7-62 years, and 70 percent of the populations are women. Of the 258 orthognathic/craniofacial patients, 175 had the material used to stabilize Le Fort I or higher level osteotomies. Also, 328 sagittal osteotomies, 87 genioplasties and 52 other mandibular osteotomies were stabilized, and 102 patients had simultaneous mobilization of the maxilla and mandible. Results: Complications consisted of material breakage requiring replacement or an intense inflammatory response requiring removal. The failure rate was 7 percent with 3 percent for material breakage and 4 percent because of inflammation. All material failure occurred in the mandible either at sagittal osteotomy sites or at the genioplasty sites. All intense inflammatory changes were observed at maxillary osteotomy sites where the quantity of material used is greatest and the overlying tissue is the thinnest. No association between material failure or inflammation was observed with the variables other than patient size (greater than 200 lb). Of the patients treated, 93 percent had successful outcomes, and 7 percent required another surgery to replace broken hardware or because of an intense inflammatory response. Also, 98 percent of the patients who were offered this technology desired its use. Conclusion: Polylactate bone plates and screws are promising technology with high patient appeal that have been used successfully in an orthognathic/craniofacial surgery population. The complication rate (7 percent) is acceptable and with improved delivery systems and instrumentation the technology will become popular.
Fodor on davidson on action sentences

Selon Fodor l'analyse proposee par Davidson des modifications adverbiales (les adverbes modifient des evenements sur lesquels les phrases adverbiales quantifient implicitement) ne permet pas de rendre compte des adverbes qui modifient des phrases entieres. L'A. montre que la theorie davidsonienne du discours indirect (qui decompose une phrase au discours indirect en une enonciation et une reference demonstrative a cette enonciation) permet de repondre a cette objection.
Upper Particle Size Limit for High-Speed Analysis by Sedimentation/Steric Field-Flow Fractionation in Thin Channels

This work describes some of the limitations encountered when sedimentation/steric field-flow fractionation is used to separate and analyze particles whose diameters approach a substantial fraction of the thickness of the FFF channel. Results obtained for a thin (127 μm thick) channel indicate a departure from linear calibration for particle diameters that approach 25−30% of the channel thickness and a substantial loss of selectivity for diameters at 50% of the channel thickness. These results are explained by a simple theoretical model. In addition, our measurements show that the larger particles (in this case polystyrene latex beads of 60 μm diameter) are subject to peak distortion and sample loss unless high flowrates and low field strengths are employed.
A comparison of three two-dimensional electrostatic plasma simulation models

Abstract Three two-dimensional plasma simulation models have been compared using an electrostatic two-stream instability as a test case. In one model the usual five-point Laplacian was used in Poisson's equation, and the field was smoothed by interpolation with a bilinear spline function. In another model the difference approximation to the Laplacian was the nine-point operator prescribed by Hamilton's variational principle, and the electric field was computed as the exact negative gradient of the potential. In the third model the nine-point Laplacian was used with the smoothed field. The test problem was an unstable double-streaming plasma that was initially cold in the streaming direction. The major result is that the evolution of electric field energy did not depend strongly on the choice of model. There was a much stronger dependence on the random numbers that were selected to represent the initial velocity distribution.
Shell morphology of larval and post-larval mytilids from the north-western Atlantic

Comparison of early shell morphological features of six mytilids from the north-western Atlantic revealed differences useful for species identification and classification. Brachidontes exustus, lschadium recurvum, Geukensia demissa, Amygdalum papyrium, Mytilus edulis, and Modiolus modiolus larvae and post-larvae were cultured in the laboratory. Scanning electron micrographs of the shell and hinge during early ontogenetic stages showed that all species had a long provinculum with taxodont dentition. In addition, provinculum length and number of teeth increased during the larval period in the six species. The small, numerous provincular teeth of Mytilus edulis and the bold, comparatively few provincular teeth of Amygdalum papyrium clearly differentiated these two species. Most species had a low umbo, round posterior margin, and more pointed anterior margin, although Amygdalum papyrium was distinguished by a high, prominent umbo. Distinction of Geukensia demissa and lschadium recurvum larval shells was difficult due to similarity in their shapes and hinge dentition. However, discriminant analysis using larval shell length, shell height, provinculum length, and number of teeth aided in classification of these and other sympatric species.
Communication regimes: A conceptual framework for examining IT and social change in organizations

This paper defines and extends Kling’s concept of communication regimes by identifying the concept’s origins and offering a definition that will allow further research using this framework. The terminology used here originates in political science; in translating these concepts for information science, however, much of the original meaning can be maintained and fruitfully applied. The paper outlines the definition and illustrates it using examples from photojournalism as a communication regime undergoing change. A communication regime is: 1) a loosely coupled social network in which the communication and the work system are highly coupled; 2) a system with a set of implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge; 3) a system in which the types of communication are tightly coupled to the production system in which they are embedded; 4) a system with institutions which help to support and to regulate the regime; and 5) a system within which there are conflicts over control, over who enforces standards, over who bears the costs of change and who reaps the benefits of change. This example suggests other areas where a communication regime framework may help understand the relationship between IT and social change.
Future of anticathepsin K drugs: dual therapy for skeletal disease and atherosclerosis?

Background: Until fairly recently, cathepsin K was recognized solely as a bone-resorbing enzyme expressed selectively in the osteoclast. Evidence of its requirement for normal bone remodeling has resulted in this protease receiving considerable attention from the pharmaceutical industry. In the last decade, intense research efforts were aimed at development of cathepsin K inhibitors for treatment of osteoporosis and other skeletal disorders associated with pathological bone loss. Emerging new evidence suggests that in addition to bone resorption, cathepsin K is involved in the turnover of extracellular matrix proteins in organs, such as the lung, thyroid and skin, and plays important roles in cardiovascular disease, inflammation and obesity. Discussion: This review highlights the physiological and pathophysiological implications of this potent protease, with a focus on recent developments in the design and use of cathepsin K inhibitors to target skeletal pathologies. Therapeutic implications of anticathep...
Critical locus, (vapor + liquid) equilibria, and coexisting densities of (carbon dioxide + propane) at temperatures from 311 K to 361 K

Abstract Isothermal (vapor + liquid) equilibria and coexisting densities for (carbon dioxide + propane) have been measured at (311.05, 327.75, 344.43, and 361.15) K from the vapor pressure of propane to the critical pressure of the mixture, and the critical locus has thus been determined. Away from the critical locus, our measurements agree within combined experimental uncertainties with those of Reamer, Sage, and Lacey. The measurements confirm the observation of Roof and Baron that the critical pressures reported by Poettmann and Katz and by Reamer et al. are substantially in error. The critical pressures from this study are lower than those of Reamer et al. by as much as 0.785 MPa and of Roof and Baron by as much as 0.034 MPa. The dew- and bubble-points are correlated by three methods, the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equation, the DDMIX program of Ely, and the Leung-Griffiths model as modified by Moldover and Rainwater. Except for poor predictions of liquid densities by the SRK equation, all three models provide good correlations of the measurements, but the modified Leung-Griffiths model is superior very near the critical locus.
Verifying spatial queries using Voronoi neighbors

With the popularity of location-based services and the abundant usage of smart phones and GPS enabled devices, the necessity of outsourcing spatial data has grown rapidly over the past few years. Nevertheless, in the database outsourcing paradigm, the authentication of the query results at the client remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we focus on the Outsourced Spatial Database (OSDB) model and propose an efficient scheme, called VN-Auth, that allows a client to verify the correctness and completeness of the result set. Our approach can handle both k nearest neighbor (kNN) and range queries, and is based on neighborhood information derived by the Voronoi diagram of the underlying spatial dataset. Specifically, upon receiving a query result, the client can verify its integrity by examining the signatures and exploring the neighborhood of every object in the result set. Compared to the current state-of-the-art approaches (i.e., methods based on Merkle hash trees), VN-Auth produces significantly smaller verification objects (VO) and is more computationally efficient, especially for queries with low selectivity.
Elevated threat levels and decreased expectations: How democracy handles terrorist threats

Abstract A persistent concern in democracies is that terror threats make the public willing to restrict freedoms for increased safety. But a large literature has struggled to determine how terrorist threats affect the public's policy preferences. To more credibly estimate the effects of terror threats, we exploit elevations of the U.S. government's color coded alert system. Using this design, a statistical model for texts and a new collection of news stories, we show that media outlets allocate substantially more attention to terrorism after an alert. The alerts have, however, only a limited effect on the public. The terror alerts raise the public's perceived likelihood of a terror attack, but opinion about President Bush's job performance, preferences for foreign intervention, or willingness to restrict civil liberties changes little in response to the alerts. Rather, the only consistent result is decreased economic expectations—consistent with the strong economic downturn after the 9/11 attacks and the types of stories published after the terror alerts are elevated. Terror alerts, then, did not exercise direct influence on the public's policy preferences. Instead the alerts changed the topic of conversation.
Estimation of the residual volume of the right ventricle of the dog's heart.

The measurement of right ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and stroke volume by means of the electric conductivity technic is described. The right ventricle empties in a "fractional" manner, as does the left ventricle, and on the average 39 per cent of its end-diastolic volume is ejected with each stroke, leaving a residual volume of 61 per cent.
Simultaneous measurement of structural and hydrodynamic forces between colloidal surfaces in complex fluids

An AFM study was performed to measure the effect of approach/retraction speed on the interaction force between a colloidal particle and a flat substrate in aqueous solutions containing silica nanospheres at concentrations of 4.5 and 6.5 vol.%. The total force consisted of contributions of electrostatic, depletion, structural and hydrodynamic forces. The hydrodynamic component of the force could be isolated by comparing the force profiles measured upon approach and retraction. It was found that when the hydrodynamic component was subtracted from the total force, the resulting force profiles measured at scan speeds of 80, 800, 2400, 4800 and 11,200 nm/s all overlaid, indicating that the surface forces (electrostatic, depletion and structural) were not affected by the scan speed. This result was further supported by an approximation of the rates of viscous and diffusive motion in the gap region. In addition, the variation of the hydrodynamic force with particle/plate separation distance agreed relatively well with a prediction made using the mobility correction factor developed for simple fluids, suggesting that the nanoparaticles do not alter the flow in the lubrication layer at these concentrations.
The joint impact of job complexity, autonomy, and personality differences on employee job stress

This paper extends our understanding on how job complexity influences employees’ job stress. Prior research on job complexity suffers from inconsistent conceptualizations and vagueness in its theor...
Further observations of stroh‐cracks in magnesium oxide single crystals

(1959). Further observations of stroh‐cracks in magnesium oxide single crystals. The Philosophical Magazine: A Journal of Theoretical Experimental and Applied Physics: Vol. 4, No. 37, pp. 137-138.
George Bush and Executive Branch Domestic Policymaking Competence

This article critiques the George Bush domestic policymaking process and argues that Bush had the second-lowest level of policy competence among postwar presidents, ranking above only Ronald Reagan. Although not overtly antianalytic like Reagan, Bush gave little thought and effort to restoring the badly damaged executive branch domestic policymaking process. The article closes with suggestions about the steps needed for, and the difficulties in establishing, a strong White House policymaking process that generates fruitful interaction among key policy advocates over time and that establishes sufficient Executive Office of the President (EOP) capacity to monitor the implementation and management of presidential policies.
Learning disabilities and psychological development in childhood and adolescence

The relationship between learning disabilities and psychological development is a complex, ongoing intrapsychic and psychosocial process. The results of two clinical-psychological investigations about a group of learning-disabled children and a group of learning-disabled adolescents is summarized. Although the learning-disabled youngsters were psychologically more heterogeneous than homogeneous, several common configurations emerged that characterized these children and adolescents: (1) problems in work and learning (due to the learning disability itself and to psychogenic factors related directly and/or indirectly to the disability); (2) chronic, low-level depression and relatively high, free floating anxiety; (3) characteristic unconscious concerns about self and others. In addition, learning disabilities organize psychological development in determining strengths, weaknesses, interests, and defensive strategies. And, the intermittent nature of mild to moderately severe learning disabilities seems to contribute to a sense of being traumatized and to character riqidity. The educational and clinical implications are briefly discussed.
Normalization of prolactin with aripiprazole in a patient with psychotic depression and a comorbid pituitary microadenoma.

Received April 11, 2006; revised April 23, 2006; accepted May 5, 2006. From the Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA. Send correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Steinhagen. e-mail: steinhck@evms.edu 2007 The Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine Antipsychotic medications are thought to exert their benefit on psychosis by the mechanism of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism in the mesolimbic pathway. Antipsychotic medications also indiscriminately cause dopamine-receptor blockade in the tuberoinfundibular pathway, which can lead to elevated prolactin levels. Hyperprolactinemia can lead to clinical presentations that include galactorrhea. Pituitary adenomas, which secrete prolactin, can cause hyperprolactinemia, and, by virtue of the pituitary’s location, enlargement of this gland can also cause symptoms such as headaches and visual disturbances. Treatment includes dopamine agonists. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic medication that is a dopamine D2-receptor partial agonist. It has been shown to effectively treat psychosis and decrease serum prolactin levels. This case report illustrates the use of aripiprazole to effectively treat a patient with psychotic depression, hyperprolactinemia, and a pituitary microadenoma.
Testing the morphed potential of Ar:HBr using frequency and phase stabilized FASSST with a supersonic jet

Abstract The lowest frequency Σ bending vibration of Ar:HBr has been recorded using frequency and phase stabilized Fast Scan Submillimeter Spectroscopic Technique (FASSST) coaxially with a supersonic jet. The fitted band origin was ν 0 =329611.4482(16) MHz, the excited stated rotational constant was B =1236.41359(22) MHz, the distortion constants were D J =0.0124740(36) MHz and H J =−2.503(17)×10 −6 MHz and the quadrupole constants were χ aa =260.9552(79) MHz and D χ =−0.03174(35) MHz for Ar: H 79 Br . Corresponding values have also been determined for the Ar: H 81 Br isotopomer. χ aa and D χ are compared with values predicted from a recently determined morphed potential of Ar:HBr.
Dendritic branching patterns in lateral geniculate nucleus following deafferentation

Abstract A quantitative study of dendritic branching patterns of lateral geniculate neurons was carried out in 31-day-old mice that had been enucleated at birth. Although the deafferented geniculate neurons showed the classical cellular changes of transneuronal atrophy, their dendritic branching pattern did not differ visibly from normal. Afferent innervation apparently does not determine the general structure of the dendritic tree in this nucleus.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of increased cardiometabolic risk in people with schizophrenia and other severe mental illnesses

Summary Patients with schizophrenia have increased mortality and morbidity compared with the general population. These patients have a 20-year shorter lifespan than peers without schizophrenia, mainly due to premature cardiovascular disease, suicide, and cancer. Patients with severe mental illness are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease related to increased incidence of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, poor diet, obesity, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, low physical activity, and side-effects of antipsychotic drugs. Some second-generation antipsychotics (eg, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) are associated with an increased risk of weight gain and obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and new-onset diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms by which schizophrenia and patients with severe mental illness are susceptible to cardiometabolic disorders are complex and include lifestyle risks and direct and indirect effects of antipsychotic drugs. An understanding of these risks might lead to effective interventions for prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders in schizophrenia and severe mental illness.
SIR Functions Are Required for the Toleration of an Unrepaired Double-Strand Break in a Dispensable Yeast Chromosome

Unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) typically result in G2 arrest. Cell cycle progression can resume following repair of the DSBs or through adaptation to the checkpoint, even if the damage remains unrepaired. We developed a screen for factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that affect checkpoint control and/or viability in response to a single, unrepairable DSB that is induced by HO endonuclease in a dispensable yeast artificial chromosome containing human DNA. SIR2, -3, or -4 mutants exhibit a prolonged, RAD9-dependent G2 arrest in response to the unrepairable DSB followed by a slow adaptation to the persistent break, leading to division and rearrest in the next G2. There are a small number of additional cycles before permanent arrest as microcolonies. Thus, SIR genes, which repress silent mating type gene expression, are required for the adaptation and the prevention of indirect lethality resulting from an unrepairable DSB in nonessential DNA. Rapid adaptation to the G2 checkpoint and high viability were restored in sir− strains containing additional deletions of the silent mating type loci HML and HMR, suggesting that genes under mating type control can reduce the toleration of a single DSB. However, coexpression of MATa1 and MATα2 in Sir+ haploid cells did not lead to lethality from the HO-induced DSB, suggesting that toleration of an unrepaired DSB requires more than one Sir+ function.
Janus phenomenon: the interrelated tradeoffs inherent in therapies designed to enhance collateral formation and those designed to inhibit atherogenesis.

normous advances have occurred in the understanding ofthe molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible forboth collateral development (collaterogenesis*) and athero-genesis. This advancement has been accompanied by paralleladvances in therapies designed to enhance collaterals and toinhibit the development and progression of atherosclerosis.Our laboratory has been interested in both areas, and duringour work, we noticed a consistent tradeoff: Whatever inter-vention enhanced collaterals increased atherogenesis and visaversa. We refer to this tradeoff as the Janus phenomenon.†This observation, if correct, is of more than passing interestgiven the many antiatherosclerotic interventions used inpatients and the proangiogenic interventions being tested thatmay soon be used therapeutically. Therefore, if the Janusphenomenon is real, its clinical implications would be ofcritical importance. Equally as important, the concept mightprovide mechanistic insights into both atherogenesis andcollaterogenesis.Consequently, we began to track phenomena compatiblewith the Janus concept. Table 1 lists a few molecules forwhich reasonable evidence exists relating to both their ath-erosclerotic and collaterogenic effects and the actions ofwhich are compatible with the Janus phenomenon.
Phenotypic variation of colonic motor functions in chronic constipation.

Background & Aims Colonic motor disturbances in chronic constipation (CC) are heterogeneous and incompletely understood; the relationship between colonic transit and motor activity is unclear. We sought to characterize the phenotypic variability in chronic constipation. Methods Fasting and postprandial colonic tone and phasic activity and pressure-volume relationships were assessed by a barostat manometric assembly in 35 healthy women and 111 women with CC who had normal colon transit (NTC; n=25), slow transit (STC; n=19), and defecatory disorders with normal (DD-normal; n=34) or slow transit (DD-slow; n=33). Logistic regression models assessed whether motor parameters could discriminate among these groups. Among CC, phenotypes were characterized by principal components analysis of these measurements. Results Compared with 10th percentile values in healthy subjects, fasting and/or postprandial colonic tone and/or compliance were reduced in 40% with NTC, 47% with STC, 53% with DD-normal, and 42% with DD-slow transit. Compared with healthy subjects, compliance was reduced ( P ≤ .05) in isolated STC and DD but not in NTC. Four principal components accounted for 85% of the total variation among patients: factors 1 and 2 were predominantly weighted by fasting and postprandial colonic phasic activity and tone, respectively; factor 3 by postprandial high-amplitude propagated contractions; and factor 4 by postprandial tonic response. Conclusions Fasting and/or postprandial colonic tone are reduced, reflecting motor dysfunctions, even in NTC. Colonic motor assessments allow chronic constipation to be characterized into phenotypes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship among these phenotypes, enteric neuropathology, and response to treatment in CC.
The association between sexual satisfaction and body image in women.

Introduction Although sexual functioning has been linked to sexual satisfaction, it only partially explains the degree to which women report being sexually satisfied. Other factors include quality of life, relational variables, and individual factors such as body image. Of the few studies that have investigated the link between body image and sexual satisfaction, most have considered body image to be a single construct and have shown mixed results.
Perfect set-and-forget alignment of silicon photonic resonators and interferometers

Permanent tuning of C- and L-band silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometers and microrings is demonstrated by oxidizing the silicon waveguide core with Angstrom-level precision. Such tuning may lower the power consumption of photonic circuits by an order-of-magnitude.