cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic topology based network energy-saving mechanism

With the rapid development of networks and constant renewal of network devices, the energy problem of network attracts more and more attention. High energy consumption and low efficiency have become an important factor of obstructing the network further development. In this paper, a dynamic topology based network energy-saving mechanism is proposed. It consists of three parts: data acquisition module, traffic prediction module and information decision module. The data acquisition module is responsible for collecting the network topology, the traffic and the routers' load. It is the basis of the other two parts. The traffic prediction module is responsible for forecasting the traffic of network in real-time. And it also sends the result to the decision module. The information decision module will process information send by the collection module and the traffic prediction to make a good decision, which let some route to be sleeping or wake-up state. This mechanism will save network energy effectively without affecting the quality of network service. The simulation and performance evaluation show that the proposed algorithm has better performance.
The Science Teaching Self-Efficacy of Prospective Elementary Education Majors Enrolled in Introductory Geology Lab Sections.

This study examined prospective elementary education majors' science teaching self-efficacy while they were enrolled in an introductory geology lab course for elementary education majors. The Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument Form B (STEBI-B) was administered during the first and last lab class sessions. Additionally, students were asked an open-ended question to describe their experience in the education majors' geology lab. The results of the STEBI-B were analyzed using paired t-tests to determine whether the students changed their personal science teaching efficacy (PSTE) and science teaching outcome expectancy (STOE). Results of this study indicate a significant increase in PSTE. No significant differences were found in STOE. This study suggests that science content courses designed for education majors may lead to a positive change in science teaching self-efficacy and has implications for teacher educators in preparing science content courses for their teacher preparation program.
Star Formation in Magnetic Interstellar Clouds: I. Interplay between Theory and Observations

We summarize the recent interplay between theoretical calculations and observations of interstellar magnetic fields, and the current understanding of the role of magnetic fields in (and a scenario for) star formation. This includes the relation between the magnetic field strength and the gas density in self-gravitating clouds; support of molecular clouds against self-gravity; rotation of clouds and fragments and magnetic braking; molecular line widths and hydromagnetic waves versus supersonic turbulence; core-envelope separation in molecular clouds and the inefficiency of star formation; ambipolar diffusion in cloud cores and thermalization of line widths. A scenario for star formation (binary, single, and planetary) is given which accounts properly for the redistribution of angular momentum by magnetic braking and of magnetic flux by ambipolar diffusion in clouds and fragments; it includes both subAlfvenic (the most common case) and Alfvenic or superAlfvenic collapse, with consequent different efficiencies of star formation in each case. Key problems remaining unsolved are emphasized. The rigorous calculations on which these conclusions are based are summarized in the accompanying paper, where a number of exact mechanical analogies are employed to interpret the MHD solutions physically and where further contact with observations is made.
Leveraging Strategic Institutional Partnerships: Creating a Phased Learning Commons at the University of Idaho Library

Following an energizing reorganization of the first floor, the University of Idaho Library sought additional strategies to support student learning and success. Building on previous successful collaborations with the Dean of Students Office, the Library and Tutoring Services created a model to offer peer-tutoring services in the library. Several philosophical and practical guidelines were considered, and implementation of the service, while challenging, was ultimately successful. Strategies for proposing, building, and maintaining similar partnerships with student services units are discussed, with best practices offered for other institutions seeking similar collaboration.
Microbiological studies on a water management subsystem for manned space flight.

Microbiology of water management subsystem for manned space flight, discussing sterilization by heat and tests inside Integrated Life Support System /ILSS/
Study of e-O 2 and e-H 2 Scattering by Electron Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy

Electron time-of-flight measurements have been employed to study such fundamental problems as the identification of cathode rays1, verification of the relativistic mass formula2, and free-fall studies on single electrons3. For studies of electron-atom and electron-molecule scattering, however, time-of-flight spectroscopy has been tried only recently4,5.
Developments in Macro-Finance Yield Curve Modelling: The Federal Reserve's response to the financial crisis: what it did and what it should have done

This paper analyzes the Federal Reserve’s major policy actions in response to the financial crisis. The analysis is divided into the pre-Lehman and post-Lehman monetary policies. Specifically, I describe the pre- and post-Lehman monetary policy actions that I believe were appropriate and those that were not. I then describe the monetary policy actions the Fed should have taken and why those actions would have fostered better financial market and economic outcomes. Had these actions been taken, the Fed’s balance sheet would have returned to normal and the FOMC’s target for the federal funds rate would be a level consistent with a positive real rate and an inflation target of 2 percent.
Standardized handoff report form in clinical nursing education: An educational tool for patient safety and quality of care

Effective change-of-shift handoff communication is a core competency in the generalist education of nurses. The use of a standardized handoff tool that fosters higher order thinking and clinical reasoning is fundamental in clinical education and nursing practice (AACN, 2008). A checklist that prompts students to implement evidence-based safety alerts will increase students' confidence and autonomy, prevent errors, promote patient safety, and successfully transform theoretical learning into competent practice. High-quality handoffs and contextualized post-conference debriefing using key items in the handoff form will help increase students' feelings of precision, accuracy, improve their self-image, and enhance their sense of professional belonging.
Multiple scattering in reflection nebulae. IV. The multiplicity of scattering.

The characteristics of higher order scattering in plane-parallel reflection nebulae of finite optical thickness have been examined. Measured both by the mean number of scatterings and the effective multiplicity, the importance of multiple scattering in such systems varies strongly with position as well as direction, and the effects cannot be taken into account by simple corrections only. It is found that the amount of higher order scattering is relatively insensitive to the shape of the phase function over a wide range of asymmetries, while the dependence of multiplicity on particle albedo, optical thickness of the nebula, and other geometrical factors is as expected. Pronounced asymmetries in the surface brightness distribution of strongly tilted plane-parallel nebulae are explained by different radial variations of the effective multiplicity along opposite radii on the projected nebular face.
Comment on “Generation of broadband noise in the magnetotail by the beam acoustic instability” by P. B. Dusenbery

It is shown here that of the three plasma models for the generation of broadband noise in the magnetotail proposed by Dusenbery and Lyons (1985), two result in the same types of instabilities that are also excited in the Grabbe and Eastman (GE, 1984) model, while the third model introduces other modes not present in the GE model. For the plasma parameters given in the GE model, the ion/ion acoustic instability is a nonresonant one, even though the phase velocity of the excited waves falls within the distribution function of the core ions. The nonlinear saturation mechanism of the ion/ion acoustic instability is the trapping of both the core and the beam ions. In a reply, Dusenbery addresses several ongoing controversies which have resulted from studies of wave particle interactions in the plasma sheet boundary layer.
Must sociology be qualitative

This article addresses the question of whether sociology can in principle become a quantitative science. I distinguish several senses in which a contrast between quantitative and qualitative science might be understood. I focus on the central — and traditional — sense: can sociology become a nomological science, in the way physics is? I argue that it cannot, on the ontological ground that the determinants of human actions cannot be analyzed in purely causal terms. In the article I try to characterize this difference.
Automatic extraction of objects from technical drawings

In this paper, a methodology to extract the constituent parts from a noisy line drawing is presented. The image is decomposed into primitives and a heuristic search is performed to identify meaningful aggregates of primitives. Separation of overlapping entities and robustness against noise were the principal objectives of the project while object-oriented programming allowed us to design a system very flexible to change and additions. Results of experimentation on different types of objects are reported.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Metaphysical presuppositions and the description of biological systems

Professor Woodger somewhere remarks that scientists who consider themselves above all metaphysical beliefs are merely up to their necks in them. This is not a popular opinion nowadays. The conception of the nature of metaphysical statements which prevails, at least among philosophers and scientists who are likely to be interested in the logic of science, entails the view that metaphysical statements, even though they have discernible logical relations among themselves, are completely disengaged from all systems of scientific statements. While science moves ahead, the metaphysical engine, which at one time was regarded as a source of motion, merely idles.
Assessment of influence of land use-transportation system on travel behavior

An empirical assessment of the interaction between the land use—transportation system and travel behavior is presented. A methodology for identifying a range of land use—transportation systems by a clustering technique with network and land use inputs was developed. Twenty neighborhoods from Orange County, California, were considered in this process. Three groups, or themes, were found to best represent the neighborhoods in the sample area: one each associated with the conventional definition of traditional and neotraditional neighborhood design (TND) and planned unit development (PUD) neighborhoods and one representing neighborhoods that blend characteristics of TND and PUD. Conventional measures of individual travel behavior were compared with an analysis of variance between the themes to identify significant differences, controlling for socioeconomic characteristics. Research results include the development of (a) a systematic methodology to identify a more explicit land use—transportation dimension, (...
Robustness of Fisher's Linear Discriminant Function under Two-Component Mixed Normal Models

Abstract Robustness of Fisher's linear discriminant function is evaluated when the distributions of the two populations are characterized by two-component mixed normal distributions with known parameters. The results suggest that the linear discriminant function is rather robust when the two distributions do not markedly deviate from normality and are moderately distant, particularly if they are similar in shape.
The asymmetry in the 176Yb(p, t)174Yb reaction using polarized protons at 16 MeV

Abstract The vector analyzing power, as well as the differential cross sections, were measured for the 176Yb(p, t)174Yb reaction with Ep = 16 MeV, leading to the 0+, 2 +, and 4+ states of the ground band. It was found that the CCBA explains both measurements rather well, while the DWBA also explains the data for the analyzing power, but not the (p, t) angular distributions particularly those for the excited states.
Oceanographic observations during gale

Results of oceanographic observations during GALE (Genesis of Atlantic Lows Experiment) are shown. The response of the thermohaline structure of the winds and cooling on the southeast U.S. shelf is described. The mean vertical heat flux over the shelf was calculated at certain stations. However, no attempt was made, in the absense of current meter data, to determine how much of the flux was due to advection or how much due to cooling or other causes.
Angular spectrum representation for partially coherent beams in turbulence

An angular spectrum representation is applied for a description of beamlike fields of arbitrary intensity profile and coherence properties propagating through atmospheric turbulence. The new method is illustrated by examples.
‘Going Evaluative’ to Save Justice from Feasibility—a Pyrrhic Victory

I discuss Gheaus' argument against the claim that the requirements of justice are not constrained by feasibility concerns. I show that the general strategy exemplified by this argument is not only dialectically puzzling, but also imposes a heavy cost on theories of justice-puzzling because it simply sidesteps a presupposition of any plausible formulation of the so-called 'feasibility requirement' and costly because it deprives justice of its normative implications for action. I also show that Gheaus' attempt to recover this normative force presupposes an epistemic dimension to the feasibility requirement that most proponents of that requirement would reject. © 2014 The Author.
An extended chain structure formed by covalently linking polyoxovanadate cages with tetrahedral six rings.

The compound Cs10.5[(V16O40)(Si4.5V1.5O10)]·3.5H2O is the first example of an extended structure in which a polyoxometallate anion is linked by an extended tetrahedral unit.
Melatonin does not "directly scavenge hydrogen peroxide": demise of another myth.

Abstract We have reexamined claims that melatonin directly scavenges hydrogen peroxide and shown them to be unfounded. Relative hydrogen peroxide concentrations were determined in the absence and presence of melatonin using both an isoluminol-based chemiluminescence assay (with measurements at circa 40 s, 6 h, and 24 h after mixing) and the phenol red/horseradish peroxidase assay employed by two earlier groups of workers (with measurements at 5 s, then every minute for the first 5 min, and then every hour to 5 h). Both assay procedures were in agreement. There was no significant change in the hydrogen peroxide concentrations over 24 h, and, furthermore, the concentrations of H 2 O 2 in the presence and absence of melatonin were the same within experimental error. Our results were obtained in metal ion-free systems. It therefore appears likely that the claims for a direct melatonin/H 2 O 2 reaction were due to contamination by traces of transition metal ions.
Reversible Olefin-Hydride Insertion in the Cationic Ruthenium Complexes [(eta^6-C~6H~5CH~2CH~2PR~2)RuH(CH~2=CH~2)]^+

Ruthenium-hydride olefin complexes having the formula [(η 6 -C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 PR 2 )RuH(CH 2 = CH 2 )][PF 6 ], where R = Cy (1) and Ph (2), were prepared via the reaction of triphenylcarbenium hexafluorophosphate (Ph 3 CPF 6 ) withthe corresponding (η 6 -C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH 2 PR 2 )Ru(CH 3 ) 2 complexes. Reversible olefin-hydride insertion reactions were directly observed for both 1 and 2 by 2D EXSY magnetic resonance experiments. The structure of complex 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Cibenzoline attenuates upregulation of Kv1.5 channel gene expression by experimental paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Antiarrhythmic drugs exert their effects by inhibiting the ion channels of cardiomyocytes. However, these effects could also modify the ionic environment around them, and thereby affect the expression of ion channels, leading to biochemical enhancement or attenuation of the antiarrhythmic effects. To test this hypothesis, the physiological and biochemical effects of cibenzoline were evaluated in a rapid atrial pacing model in rats. In rats with rapid atrial pacing, pretreatment with cibenzoline significantly inhibited the increases in Kv1.5 mRNA at 2 hours and immunoreactive protein at 4 hours by 35 ± 15% and 30 ± 10%, respectively. These effects were observed only in the rapid atrial pacing group, not in the sham-operated group. With cibenzoline pretreatment, 4-hour rapid atrial pacing resulted in significant prolongation of the atrial refractory period compared to the untreated group even after removal of cibenzoline. In contrast, the sham and rapid atrial pacing model with and without cibenzoline pretreatment showed similar acute physiological responses to cibenzoline. In conclusion, in addition to the acute physiological effects, pretreatment with cibenzoline exerted pleiotropic effects of inhibition of Kv1.5 channel upregulation by rapid pacing, implying differences in the cibenzoline effects when administered before and after onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
UNA MUJER SIN FRONTERAS

Making strategic choices regarding her class and ethnic identiÞcation for the cause of social justice, Luisa Moreno was the most visible Latina labor and civil rights activist in the United States during the Great Depression and World War II. Vice-president of the United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA-CIO), this charismatic Guatemalan immigrant organized farm and cannery workers across the Southwest, achieving particular success among Mexican and Russian Jewish women in southern California plants. In 1939 she was also the driving force behind El Congreso de Pueblos de Hablan Espa–ola (the Congress of Spanish-speaking Peoples), the Þrst national Latino civil rights assembly. A feminist and leftist, she faced government harassment and red-baiting in the late 1940s, especially for her past Communist Party membership.
The home reliner materials: The significance of the problem

Abstract A denture that requires relining to be comfortable for the wearer must be considered an ill-fitting denture. An ill-fitting denture may be relined and corrected by a dentist to become a useful appliance, or it may be home relined by an untrained individual and continue to be an ill-fitting denture.
The ecological value of constructed wetlands for treating urban runoff.

The Sweetwater Authority9s urban runoff diversion system (URDS) comprises constructed wetlands on a hillside between the town of Spring Valley and the Sweetwater Reservoir, California, USA. The URDS were designed to divert dry-weather and first-flush urban runoff flows from the Sweetwater reservoir. However, these constructed wetlands have developed into ecologically valuable habitat. This paper evaluates the following ecological questions related to the URDS: (1) the natural development of the species present and their growth pattern; (2) the biodiversity and pollutant stress on the plants and invertebrates; and (3) the question of habitat provided for endangered species. The URDS wetlands are comprised primarily of rush ( Scirpus spp.) and cattails ( Typha spp.). This vegetative cover ranged from 39–78% of the area of the individual wetland ponds. Current analyses of plant tissues and wetland sediment indicates the importance of sediment sorption for metals and plant uptake of nutrients. Analyses of URDS water following runoff events show the URDS wetlands do reduce the amount of nutrients and metals in the water column. Invertebrate surveys of the wetland ponds revealed lower habitat quality and environmental stress compared to unpolluted natural habitat. The value of the wetlands as wildlife habitat is constrained by low plant biodiversity and pollution stress from the runoff. Since the primary Sweetwater Authority goal is to maintain good water quality for drinking, any secondary utilization of URDS habitat by species (endangered or otherwise) is deemed an added benefit.
Floristic knowledge and needs in Pacific Tropical America

The tropical American region of the Pacific Basin is undoubtedly the Basin’s most poorly known region floristically. It is probably also the richest in number of species. I present here a brief history of floristic work in the area, a review of the region’s ecological geography and a summation of the interaction of history and ecology which has led to the present day situation. The current status of floristics in the region is assessed from this perspective and some proposed directions of future floristic research are suggested.
Ultrafast Genration of Dense Dirac Fermions in Graphene Monolayer: Evidence for Three-Particle Coulomb Scattering

A power law dependence I1/3of the amplitude of femtosecond diffenrential relfecltivity in highly photo-excited graphene monolayer indicates three-particle decay, allowing for generation of dense Dirac fermions beyond phase space filling within 35 fs.
The salivary glands of adult female Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), an ectoparasite of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

ABSTRACT Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman 2000, an ectoparasite of honey bees, causes huge economic losses to apiculture annually. Its role as a vector of diseases is thought to involve the salivary glands as the terminal organs of transmission. The salivary glands are paired, oval, non-acinar organs, closely attached to the base of the gnathosoma and enveloped in a sheath of unknown embryological origin. Ultrastructurally, they are characterized by the surrounding sheath, and cells that have a strong presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum, irregular-shaped nuclei, and secretory spheres surrounded by an otherwise electron-lucent cytosol. Secretory spheres are sparse in most peripheral cells and heavily converged about the apical membranes of interior cells. Interior cells are positioned radially about the internal duct cells. The internal ducal lumen is narrow and brush-bordered. The membranes between the ducal lumen and the gland cell cytoplasm are fused and ruptured, allowing the salivary spheres...
DESIGNING ADAPTIVE, DIAGNOSTIC MATH ASSESSMENTS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH AND WITHOUT VISUAL DISABILITIES

This report summarizes the design and development of an adaptive e-learning prototype for middle school mathematics for use with both sighted and visually disabled students. Adaptation refers to the system's ability to adjust itself to suit particular characteristics of the learner. The main parts of the report describe the system's theoretical foundation, architecture, models, and adaptive algorithm. We also review approaches for making assessment systems accessible to students with visual disabilities. Finally, we conclude with a summary of upcoming studies in relation to important research questions concerning micro- and macroadaptation. Using a design approach like the one described in this report may set a new precedent for environments that adapt to support student learning based on larger sets of incoming abilities and disabilities than have been considered previously.
Characterization of the Austin Chalk producing trend

Fracture patterns and reservoir dual characteristics are presented for a portion of the fractured Austin Chalk producing trend. The production histories of 1,235 wells from Giddings Field covering portions of Lee, Burleson, Washington, and Fayette counties were analyzed by decline curve analysis. Production of the average Austin Chalk well is usually characterized by an early rapid decline and a later slow decline. The average initial effective decline rate is about 90% per year, and lasts about six months to one year. For the later, less dramatic decline, the average is about 35% per year. Statistical results of well performance indicate no difficulty in finding oil in the Austin Chalk producing trend. However, areas of high fracture density must be encountered for a well to be profitable. A contour map of the iso-reserves was prepared for a better understanding of the fracture system and reservoir characteristics. Besides the general northeast-southwest production trend, the map shows anomalies in the fracture system and reservoir characteristics. A simple, rapid technique to estimate reservoir parameters directly from the double-decline behavior of log (rate) versus time curves is given. Values of flow capacity, storage capacity, dimensionless fracture storage parameter (..omega..), and dimensionless interporosity flow parameter (lambda)more » can be estimated by this technique.« less
The relationship of criminal victimization, police per capita and population density in twenty-six cities

This study examines the relationship between indicators of environmental control and criminal victimization rates in twenty-six large American central cities. Using a typology of criminal victimization that classifies crimes as property crimes with contact, property crimes without contact, and nonproperty assaultive crimes, it is found that both the number of police per capita and population density are negatively related to property crimes without contact and nonproperty assaultive crimes. However, the number of police per capita (controlling for population density) is not related to property crimes with contact, while population density (controlling for number of police per capita) is positively related to these crimes. Possible explanations for these patterns of relationships are discussed.
Synthesis and 19F spectra of tetra-L-alanine analogs containing selectively incorporated 3-fluoro-L-alanine residues.

The synthesis of analogs of tetra-l-alanine containing 3-fluoro-l-alanine selectively incorporated at each position is described. The standard procedures in the literature used to couple l-alanine peptides together were often found to lead to undesired products, or elimination reactions when corresponding 3-fluoro-l-alanine peptide analogs were used. Several modified procedures have thus been developed for the synthesis of fluorine-substituted analogs. In addition, the pH-dependence of 19F n.m.r. spectra of 3-fluoro-l-alanine and the tetrapeptide analogs is presented.
A note on the relationship between frequency-domain linear feedback measures of multivariate time series representations

In the present paper, relationships between frequency-domain linear feedback measures of multivariate time series representations will be derived.
The pilH gene encodes an ABC transporter homologue required for type IV pilus biogenesis and social gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus

Type IV pilus genes have been shown to be required for social gliding motility in Myxococcus xanthus. We report the discovery of four additional pil genes: pilD, a homologue of type IV prepilin leader peptidases; and pilG, pilH and pilI, which have no known homologues in other type IV pilus systems. pilH encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter homologue, the first such homologue to be required for the biogenesis of any bacterial pilus type. pilG and pilI are co-transcribed with pilH and appear to be functionally related to pilH. Null mutants of pilG, pilH and pilI all lack social motility, are deficient in pilus production, have elevated sporulation efficiencies and display similar developmental abnormalities. In addition, all three mutations reduced the amount of PilA found in the supernatant after cells were sedimented from liquid culture. We suggest that the products of these three genes form a single ABC exporter complex, in which pilI is an integral membrane protein with membrane-spanning domains, and pilG is an accessory factor. The complex may participate in pilus assembly and/or the export of PilA pilin.
Delivery of an EBV episome by a self-circularizing helper-dependent adenovirus: long-term transgene expression in immunocompetent mice

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) evolved an episomal system for maintaining life-long, latent infection of human B lymphocytes. Circular episomes engineered from EBV components required for this latent form of infection have the capacity to persist in most types of replicating mammalian cells without DNA integration and the pitfalls of insertional mutagenesis. EBV episomes are typically transduced using low-efficiency methods. Here we present a method for efficient delivery of EBV episomes to nuclei of hepatocytes in living mice using a helper-dependent adenoviral vector and Cre-mediated recombination in vivo to generate circular EBV episomes following infection. Cre is transiently expressed from a hepatocyte-specific promoter so that vector generation and transgene expression are tissue specific. We show long-term persistence of the circularized vector DNA and expression of a reporter gene in hepatocytes of immunocompetent mice.
Grain Boundary Penetration of Oxygen in Nickel and the Effect of Boron Additions

Oxygen penetration of grain boundaries in nickel and nickel base alloys may produce severe intermediate temperature embrittlement. In the present study, several simple nickel alloys have been doped with sulfur prior to directional solidification. For specimens taken perpendicular to the growth direction, intergranular fracture at room temperature was readily achieved. By exposing these specimens in air and vacuum, direct confirmation of preferential grain boundary oxygen penetration was obtained. Complex oxides were identified on the boundaries at depths roughly an order of magnitude greater than those for matrix internal oxidation. It was shown that boron was effective in preventing the preferential grain boundary precipitation during air exposure although the experiment was complicated by dissolution of boride and associated void formation. Coatings which prevent oxygen penetration also prevent embrittlement.
An application of holographic interferometry for dynamic vibration analysis of a jet engine turbine compressor rotor

. Such applications of holographic technique offer some of the most effective methods of modal and dynamic analysis available. Real-time dynamic testing of the modal and mechanical behavior of jet engine turbine, rotor, vane, and compressor structures has always required advanced instrumentation for data collection in either simulated flight operation test or computer-based modeling and simulations. Advanced optical holography techniques are alternate methods which result in actual full-field behavioral data in a noninvasive, noncontact environment
Marlex mesh suspension of the floor of mouth in the glossectomee

Oncological resections for advanced oral cavity malignancies can result in communicative defects into the neck. Reconstitution of the volume loss with bulky myocutaneous flaps frequently results in poorly positioned soft tissue mounds that provide inadequate lingual-palatal valving for speech and swallowing. The combined forces of gravity, wound contraction, and dependent muscular vectors, together with denervation atrophy, often result in poor functional outcomes. A simple static technique of Marlex mesh suspension of the floor of mouth is described, which anatomically replaces the mylohyoid muscular sling, and thereby favorably repositions the neotongue in the glossectomee patient. A clinical case summary highlights the technical details and application in this desperate population.
Study of the performance of physical water treatment with a solenoid coil to prevent mineral fouling. Part 1: Effect of a side-stream filtration

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical water treatment (PWT) with a solenoid coil on the fouling prevention in a heat exchanger with cooling-tower water. Five different tests were conducted in a concentric-tube heat exchanger at 12 cycles of concentration: no-treatment, PWT only, PWT plus 10% filtration, PWT plus 40% filtration, and 10% filtration only. A small flow velocity of 0.83 m/s and a high heat flux of 22.5x104 W/m2 were chosen to accelerate the fouling in the heat exchanger. The fouling resistance in the case with PWT plus 40% filtration was approximately 78% less than that in the no-treatment case.
The double life of the prion protein.

The function of the cellular prion protein PrPC, which is anchored to the cell-surface by a glycolipid attachment, is unknown. Its sequence is highly conserved, which usually implies that a protein has some important function. But the mild phenotype observed in some PrP knockout mice — reduced long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission, which is normally associated with learning, and sleep pattern abnormalities — suggests that whatever the normal role of PrPC, it can be at least partially fulfilled by other proteins.Point mutations in the PrP gene can lead to inherited human neurological diseases which resemble transmissible scrapie, such as Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker disease and fatal familial insomnia. It is difficult to understand why a gene sequence that is only a single mutation away from protein aggregation and neurological disaster should be conserved. We propose a solution to this paradox. The normal function of PrPC may require its controlled oligomerization under conditions which prevent the uncontrolled polymerization that would lead to PrPSc formation. The oligomerized normal protein could be involved in cell–cell interactions, synapse formation or membrane protein recycling. The elucidation of this normal function could hold the key to understanding the pathogenesis of scrapie and related spongiform encephalopathies.
THE IRREDUCIBLE ROLE OF DERIVED MARGINAL UTILITY IN DYNAMIC STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING

. Using the important case of multi-period investing between a safe asset with a low mean return and an equity basket with a higher total return but a riskier one, this analysis demonstrates that the relevant stochastic programming involves irreducibly recursive variational relations. The “direct” Lagrange-Chow procedure is related to the derivatives of the Bellman “indirect”’algorithms and shown to require essentially the same computations save only for standard integrations or taking of first derivatives. To demonstrate that the comparison is unchanged when a vector of control variables must be optimized in a many-period stochastic scenario, the problem is solved for a rentier to both decide how much to save in each period and how much to put of each period's investment into risky securities.
Addressing Cultural Variables in Parent Training Programs With Latino Families

Abstract There has recently been increased attention given to understanding how cultural variables may have an impact on the efficacy of treatments with Latino families seeking psychological services. Within parent training programs, understanding the extent to which culture can affect parenting practices is vital to providing quality care. The focus of this article is to discuss how different cultural variables such as respeto , personalismo , machismo , marianismo , and acculturation can impact the efficacy of parent training programs for Latino families. Recommendations for addressing these cultural variables in parent training programs are provided.
"Partial-birth abortion" and the Supreme Court.

Abortion has long been, and remains, the most politicized medical procedure in the United States. It has been the subject of more state and federal legislation than all other medical procedures combined. The U.S. Supreme Court, which almost never hears cases about medical procedures, has regularly heard cases over the past 25 years concerning the constitutionality of various state laws designed to limit abortion. Thus, it was only a matter of time before the Court would hear a case on the constitutionality of laws restricting so-called partial-birth abortion.1 When the Court heard a challenge to Nebraska's law, statutes relating to . . .
Physiological fitness measures and sensory and motor performance in aging.

This study investigated relationships between a multivariate index of physiological fitness and the degree of age-related sensory and motor performance deterioration observed in a group of 70 male subjects (age 63 +/- 12 years). Physiological fitness was determined by reducing a battery of resting pulmonary, hemodynamic and biochemical variables to a single score, the Index of Physiological Status (IPS). In addition, where possible, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was predicted from submaximal values using a standard treadmill procedure. Both IPS and VO2 scores were significantly correlated with age (p less than .01). High scores on the IPS were associated with faster reaction times, improved hearing at high frequencies, greater phonatory control and improved lens accommodation. In contrast, VO2 measures were found to be insensitive to changes in sensory and motor performance. While all subjects were able to complete the tests required for the generation of the IPS, 33% of the participants were unable to complete the treadmill protocol required for estimation of VO2max. These data suggest that a simple noninvasive instrument for the evaluation of physiological fitness, which is applicable to almost all elderly subjects, may be more sensitive to age-related sensory and performance changes than more traditional exercise based measures which require the exclusion of less healthy subjects.
Open Enrollment, Take Two

The Affordable Care Act’s long and rocky first open enrollment period is over. Now the Marketplaces prepare to do it all over again.
Influence of moisture content and cultivation duration on Clostridium thermocellum 27405 end-product formation in solid substrate cultivation on Avicel.

Avicel serves as a model microcrystalline cellulose substrate for investigations of cellulolytic microbial performance and cellulase enzyme systems in submerged liquid cultures. Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium capable of degrading lignocellulose and fermenting it to ethanol and other products, suggesting the native growth environment is similar to that supported by solid substrate cultivation. Few studies have examined the effects of process parameters on the metabolism of thermophilic anaerobes in solid substrate cultivation, however. The effects of solid substrate cultivation (SSC) substrate moisture content (30%, 50% and 70% wet-basis) and cultivation duration (2, 4 and 8 days) on the metabolic activity of C. thermocellum 27405 on Avicel was studied. The 70% substrate moisture content SSC culture yielded total end-product concentrations that were comparable to submerged liquid cultures. The SSC cultivation conditions with the highest end-product formation on Avicel were the combination of 70% substrate moisture content and cultivation duration period of 4 days, producing approximately 100 mM of total end-products. The ethanol and lactate concentrations were fairly constant and did not change significantly over time in SSC. Acetate production was more dependent on the cultivation conditions in SSC and was significant for both the 70% substrate moisture content SSC and liquid cultivation experiments, making up on average 56% and 86% of total end-products, respectively. Performance of C. thermocellum 27405 in SSC was more dependent on the kinetic properties rather than the thermodynamic properties of substrate moisture content. High substrate loadings in C. thermocellum cultivation affected product ratios, resulting in the higher observed acetate production. In addition, cessation of metabolism was observed prior to complete Avicel conversion; the mechanisms involved need further investigation.
RNA synthesis of the fat body of adult Tenebrio molitor.

Abstract The pattern of uridine incorporation into the RNA of the fat body was similar for mated and unmated females of Tenebrio molitor for the first 10 days after emergence being significantly greater (P P>0·01). The 3 hr level of nuclear incorporation for unmated females was lowest at emergence, increased generally for the next 4 days, at which time it remained stationary until day 6, and dropped on day 7 to a value lower than that attained on day 2. On days 8 to 10 after emergence, there was a net increase in the rate of incorporation for unmated females which was similar to that observed on days 2 to 4 after emergence. In mated females the nuclear rate of incorporation increased from emergence to day 3, dropping on day 4 to a level similar to day 2, increased to day 6, dropping again on day 7 to a lower level than that reached on day 2, and fluctuated until day 10 being slightly higher on day 10 than on day 7. During the first 10 days after emergence the 3 hr level of nuclear and cytoplasmic labelling followed a similar pattern in both mated and unmated females. However, there was a noticeable increase in nuclear over cytoplasmic labelling on days 4 to 6 for unmated females.
Clustering by aphasics in free recall

Abstract Aphasic performance was compared to normal and left hemiplegic controls in the use of clustering to aid recall of a list of words in a multitrial free recall experiment. Use of clustering correlated with increased recall scores. Left hemiplegic performance was superior to aphasic and inferior to normal suggesting that the presence of brain damage decreased clustering but that this decrease was greater in the presence of aphasia. A second experiment examined the possibility of remediating aphasic clustering behavior by providing cues as a training device. Cues, which aided normals, did not benefit the majority of aphasics. Results are interpreted in terms of their relationship to cognitive functioning.
The plant cell/microbe coincubation assay for the analysis of plant-activated promutagens.

Abstract The preincubation and suspension procedures of the plant cell/microbe coincubation assay are described and the activation of 2-aminofluorene and m -phenylenediamine by cultured tobacco, cotton, carrot and maize cells is compared. The assay measures the plant activation of promutagens into genotoxins detected in Salmonella typhimurium as well as toxicity in plant and microbial cells. At concentrations of 2-aminofluorene 0–0.5 μmoles/reaction tube, the rank order of the efficiency of activation by plant cells was tobacco ⪢ cotton > carrot. Cultured maize cells did not activate 2-aminofluorene. The tobacco cell activation of 2-aminofluorene was inhibited 50% by 750 μM diethyldithio-carbamate under conditions that did not affect the cell viability. Tobacco cells were also the most efficient plant cells in activating m -phenylenediamine (0–5 μmoles/reaction tube). The ‘biological affinity’ of m -phenylenediamine for the activation system in tobacco cells was approximately 100 μM.
Industrial salespeople as a source of market information

Abstract Marketing scholars have suggested that salespeople can play an important role in firms' ongoing efforts to understand their customers' perceptions and preferences. However, very few studies have examined the accuracy of the information which salespeople are able to provide. This article reports the results of a survey of an industrial marketer's customers, outside salespeople, and telemarketing salespeople about market information. Salespeople can accurately assess the importance of various product and service attributes to their customer. However, salespeople are unable to gauge the specific performance levels expected by their customers. Interestingly, telemarketing salespeople are approximately as accurate as outside salespeople with respect to both types of information. The article explains these results and discusses their managerial implications.
Effect of cholesterol on structural and dynamic properties of tripalmitoyl glyceride. A high-pressure infrared spectroscopic study

The infrared spectra of tripalmitoyl glyceride confirm the tuning fork configuration previously attributed to trilauroyl glyceride (Small, D. M. 1986. Handbook of Lipid Research. Vol. 4). The acyl chains in solid tripalmitoyl glycerol, either within each molecule or between neighboring molecules, are oriented parallel to each other with the sn-3 acyl chains extended toward the opposite direction of the sn-1 and sn-2 chains. The presence of cholesterol increases the orientational disorder of the tripalmitoyl glyceride molecules in terms of increased reorientational fluctuations and twisting/torsion motions of the acyl chains. In the solid mixture, cholesterol is embedded in the tripalmitoyl glyceride lattice which results in a reorientation of the acyl chains within each molecule from a parallel packing to a nonparallel packing. No evidence was found for hydrogen bond formation between the OH group of cholesterol and any of the three C = O groups of tripalmitoyl glyceride.
In Vivo and In Vitro Pharmacokinetics and Fate of Furaltadone in Meat- and Milk-Producing Animals

The metabolism of furaltadone was examined by an in vitro hepatic study in cows and goats and an in vivo study in goats using 14C-labeled and unlabeled drug. The half-life of furaltadone was 13 min in the homogenates of caprine and bovine liver and 35 min in the in vivo study of the goat. Less than 2% of the parent drug was present in the urine of animals dosed either intravenously or intramammarily. No furaltadone was detected in the milk after 24 h. Overall, the parent compound was rapidly absorbed, distributed, and widely degraded in the lactacting goat. The compound, labeled at the 2-formyl carbon of the furan ring, had a radioactivity recovery of 81% in the feces and urine. Of the total radioactivity, 99.4% infused into the udder had been absorbed after 72 h. Tissue distributions of radioactivity in decreasing order of abundance were: kidney, udder, liver, duodenum, muscular tissue, adipose tissue, and bile.
Society and self‐managing teams

This article addresses social dimensions and implications of the rise of the information, skill‐intensive economy based on self‐managing teams. The basis of the paper is an historical analysis of how “Taylorist” industrialization suppressed the self‐directing, team‐based labour process which had characterized pre‐industrial America, in the process inflicting deep long‐term economic and social costs even as it helped produced unprecedented prosperity. Extrapolating from the historical analysis, in the second section of the paper social trends are discussed which seem likely to emerge in the future with the establishment of an information‐ and skill‐intensive economic organization based on self‐managing teams.
Case report: MRI diagnosis of multifocal epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver

Epitheloid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a vascular tumor of intermediate malignancy that arises in soft tissues, liver, lung, bone, and spleen.[1] The hepatic form of multifocal EHE is a rare, less aggressive, slowly progressive tumor, with malignant cells showing dendritic and epitheloid appearances.[2] The tumor is often misdiagnosed because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations and biochemical parameters, the prolonged clinical course, and variable imaging findings. In our patient, characteristic liver contour abnormalities on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and histopathological confirmation with appropriate immunohistochemical markers facilitated a correct diagnosis. The only definitive treatment is surgical resection or orthotopic liver transplantation after dedicated radiological and histopathological examination.[3–5]