cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Migration of seismic data by the WKBJ method

Migration is a term used in reflection seismology to describe the process of moving the recorded reflection events to their correct spatial positions by backward projection or depropagation. Although seismic records have been migrated since the very first reflection survey in 1921 in Oklahoma, it was the paper by Loewenthal, Lu, Robertson, and Sherwood [1] in 1976 that introduced the exploding-reflector model and numerical wave-equation methods that developed into the time migration techniques in use by the petroleum exploration industry today. Despite the fact that Hubral [2] introduced the more advanced topic of depth migration in 1977, the time migration methods have been the subject of so many research papers that an integrated treatment is warranted. The time migration methods can be described as various ways of implementing the classical WKBJ approximation (i.e., geometrical acoustics), well known in theoretical seismology and other areas of applied physics. The exploding reflectors hypothesis depends on an inherent (but, in fact, incidental) assumption that the amplitude of the seismic pulse is invariant as it is transmitted through the earth layers. Loewenthal et al. based this assumption on the requirement that the medium be weakly inhomogeneous as well as on the paper by Foster [3] in 1975, who had concluded that transmission effects in the continuous one-dimensional seismic model are unsubstantial, and at the surface (where the reflection seismograms are recorded) transmission effects are not present at all. Although Foster regarded this as a general result, the work of Gray [4] in 1984 shows that it is indeed a consequence of the WKBJ approximation, and so is valid only in those situations where the WKBJ approximation is applicable. The phase term which makes up the essential element of time migration (as well as various other types of migration methods) is the WKBJ phase correction factor, so time migration methods such as the conventional versions of Kirchhoff migration, finite-difference migration, and frequency-wavenumber (f-k) migration are not general wave-equation methods but are simply aspects of the WKBJ approximation. In fact, it can be said that most of conventional seismic processing in general is none other than WKBJ (i.e., geometrical acoustics).
Analysis and design modifications for upgrade of storage ring bump pulse system driving the injection bump magnets at the ALS

A fast (4.0 ms half period) resonant discharge pulse system, using SCRs, was designed and constructed to drive the injection bump magnet system at the Advanced Light Source (ALS). The commissioning process revealed a high frequency resonance (T=800 NS) superimposed on the driver discharge wave form. In addition, the peak amplitude of the magnet load recovery current exceeded design specifications. A SPICE analysis confirmed the suspected mechanisms for the parasitic ringing and the excessive load current "undershoot". This paper will address the subsequent analysis, measurements, and modifications carried out during the maintenance shutdown in June 1993.
Confidence Interval for the Total Advertising Impact and Its Mean Duration under Koyck Models

The estimates of total advertising impact and of its mean duration in distributed lag models are important in budgeting and planning decisions. The typical approach to assessing the short and long term impact of advertising is to perform a sequential test, one on the short term coefficient and one on the lag parameter. However, estimate of the effect of advertising on sales involves the ratio of estimated regression parameters. The estimates of these parameters are known to be correlated. Generation of confidence intervals on such key estimates is possible, using information that is typically discarded. This paper develops and illustrates a method for developing these confidence intervals which specifically accounts for the correlation between the standard regression estimates. Examples are used to illustrate that the conclusion from standard sequential testing procedures can be erroneous. An empirical application then demonstrates the application of the suggested procedure. Finally, we provide insights on the length of this interval as the sample size and other characteristics are varied.
Neoliberalism, Race, and the American Welfare State

Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race. By Joe Soss, Richard C. Fording, and Sanford F. Schram. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. 368p. $75.00 cloth, $25.00 paper. It is more than 15 years since the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act was passed in 1996, famously described by then-President Bill Clinton as “the end of welfare as we know it.” In Disciplining the Poor , Joe Soss, Richard Fording, and Sanford Schram analyze recent changes in US welfare policy as reflections of broader transformations of the “governance” of poverty, arguing that these transformations represent a new form of “neoliberal paternalism” in which race continues to be an important element. In this symposium, a diverse group of political scientists working on welfare issues have been asked to critically assess the book's account and to comment more broadly on the importance of the “governance of poverty” to the future of American politics.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
Theoretical Aspects of Potential Modulation Normal Incidence Reflection Absorption UV‐Visible Spectroscopy under Forced Convection

A theoretical treatment is presented for the quantitative analysis of potential-modulated normal-incidence reflection absorption UV-visible spectra of solution-phase, optically absorbing species produced at the surface of a rotating disk electrode (RDE). This novel technique is based on the application of a sinusoidal voltage of small amplitude to the RDE to enerate in turn, a perturbation in the concentration profile of the absorbing species, C. Such changes introduce a modulation in the absorptivity of the solution along the axis of rotation of the RDE, and these can be monitored by (near)-normal-incidence UV-visible reflection absorption spectroscopy
A KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION SCHEME FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF COMPOSITE COMPONENTS

This paper presents efforts to formalize the knowledge domain of nondestructive quality control of automotive composite components with organic (resin) matrices and to develop a prototype knowledge-based system, called NICC for Nondestructive Inspection of Composite Components, to help in the quality assurance of individual components. Geometric and bonding characteristics of parts and assemblies are taken into account, as opposed to the better understood evaluation of test specimens. The reasoning process was divided in two stages: in the first stage all flaws that might be present in the given part are characterized; in the second stage appropriate nondestructive testing procedures are specified to detect each of the possible flaws. The use of nondestructive techniques in the inspection of composites is fairly recent and hence, the knowledge required to develop an expert system is still very scattered and not fully covered in the literature. This study tries to prove both the feasibility of compiling and representing this domain knowledge and the possibility of translating it into an efficient automated tool capable of giving reliable expert-like advice at low cost. For the covering abstract of the proceedings see IRRD 860832.
Gandhi's Synthesis of Liberal and Communitarian Values: Its Basis and Insights

It is well known that notions of individual sovereignty, universal rights, and the duty to follow one’s own conscience are central to the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. The importance Gandhi places on community, tradition, and fulfilling duties particular to one’s place in life is no less noticeable in his writings. That such is the case may indicate an uneasy tension among different elements in Gandhian thought (especially from the perspective of the Western political philosophical tradition). In the first section of this paper, I argue that an underlying harmony in Gandhi’s philosophy can be noticed among such seemingly contradictory liberal and communitarian values given his overall views on self-realization. Crucial to my arguments in this section will be an exposition of Gandhi’s views on religious conversion and caste identity. I will then show the value Gandhi’s understanding has for contemporary philosophical debates between liberals and communitarians. Before concluding, I will consider a problem that arises for my interpretation of Gandhi’s thought given perceived universal duties we have toward others.
A Characteristic-based constitutive law for dispersed fibers

Biological tissues are typically constituted of dispersed fibers. Modeling the constitutive laws of such tissues remains a challenge. Direct integration over all fibers is considered to be accurate but requires very expensive numerical integration. A general structure tensor (GST) model was previously developed to bypass this costly numerical integration step, but there are concerns about the model's accuracy. Here we estimate the approximation error of the GST model. We further reveal that the GST model ignores strain energy induced by shearing motions. Subsequently, we propose a new characteristic-based constitutive law to better approximate the direct integration model. The new model is very cost-effective and closely approximates the "true" strain energy as calculated by the direct integration when stress-strain nonlinearity or fiber dispersion angle is small.
Using Innovative Technologies to Analyze for Similarity between Musical Works in Copyright Infringement Disputes

Courts continue to struggle with discerning the level of substantial similarity between musical compositions in infringement analyses, which is related to their difficulty in determining the portion that is available for the public to use, and where that permission stops. This paper argues that, under the current policies regarding copyright protection and unauthorized copying, the current test is inadequate and a new infringement test should be considered. Two alternatives are proposed. The first test uses objective mapping of a song’s artistic elements. The second considers the link between wave motion theory of physics and music and proposes comparing the mathematical algorithms that model the physics of the songs in dispute. Either test has advantages over the current test, and should be considered as ways to improve the analysis of songs in music infringement suits.
Cyber-intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes in a sample of high school girls

Interpersonal violence is a prevalent public health issue. Cyberbullying and intimate partner violence (IPV) are two types of interpersonal violence that have major health consequences. This study examines the relationship between adolescent girls’ involvement in cyber-IPV and two types of self-efficacy: general self-efficacy and coping self-efficacy. Secondarily, this study explores the association between cyber-IPV and depression, anxiety, and childhood trauma. Participants were 51 high school girls. No significant relationships were found between perpetration and either type of self-efficacy. Trends towards significance were found for the relationship between victimization and coping self-efficacy. There was a significant relationship between both victimization and perpetration and childhood trauma, such that childhood trauma predicted victimization and trended towards predicting perpetration. There was also a relationship between victimization and anxiety. Results of this study can be used to develop age- and gender-appropriate interventions for adolescent girls.
The Size of the Nation and Its Vulnerability to Economic Nationalism

Orthodox economic advice is once more being spurned by the statesmen. The common market treaty has already been signed, and negotiations on the establishment of a European free trade area are moving rapidly towards a successful conclusion. The spectres of discrimination and trade diversion have been unable to block the path towards regional liberalization and to push the nations towards the high-road of world-wide liberalization under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or of the International Trade Organization.
Systematic Program Design: From Clarity to Efficiency

A systematic program design method can help developers ensure the correctness and performance of programs while minimizing the development cost. This book describes a method that starts with a clear specification of a computation and derives an efficient implementation by step-wise program analysis and transformations. The method applies to problems specified in imperative, database, functional, logic, and object-oriented programming languages with different data, control, and module abstractions. Designed for courses or self-study, this book includes numerous exercises and examples that require minimal computer science background, making it accessible to novices. Experienced practitioners and researchers will appreciate the detailed examples in a wide range of application areas including hardware design, image processing, access control, query optimization, and program analysis. The last section of the book points out directions for future studies.
Architects’ and interior designers’ perspectives on hospital patient rooms designed by the people who work in these rooms

Increasing interest in acuity-adaptable patient rooms, performing more services in patient rooms, and the increasing size of the population all have implications for the patient room as a workspace, including the number of people working in the room, types of tasks performed, and amount and layout of the space in which tasks are performed. This presentation describes an analysis of the opinions of professionals who typically control the design of hospital patient rooms, concerning five med/surg patient room designs developed through a participatory process involving mixed groups of hospital staff members, all of whom work in patient rooms. Ratings and comments provided by the design professionals identified clear preferences for one of the designs, as well as rooms and design elements for which there were more mixed or negative opinions. It is important for architects and designers to understand how room size, layout, and organization of features can be used to facilitate work for the full spectrum of hos...
Darinaparsin in T-Cell Lymphoma (TCL) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) Cells Lines and SCID Xenograft Mouse Models: Single-Agent Activity and Synergistic Cell Death Combined with a PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor

Abstract 1646 Background: Darinaparsin is a novel organic arsenical compound with potent anti-neoplastic activity. Preliminary clinical studies reported encouraging activity in patients with relapsed/refractory TCL and HL. We investigated the molecular mechanisms of action of darinaparsin in HL and TCL cell lines, the degree and method of cell death, and we investigated rational drug combinations for enhancement of therapeutic activity. Methods: TCL (Jurkat, Hut78, HH) and HL cell lines (L428, L540, L1236) were treated with darinaparsin at increasing time and concentrations. MAPK, AKT/PI3K, mTOR and relevant pathways were analyzed by Western blot. Cell viability was assessed by MTT and apoptosis with Annexin V/PI flow cytometric analysis; this was confirmed by Western for caspase activation and PARP cleavage. In vivo tumor growth inhibition and survival of SCID mice was determined using xenografts derived from Jurkat (TCL) or L540 (HL) cell lines. The in vivo studies started with 7–8 mice for each control and treatment group. Once tumor volume average reached 100–250 mm3, treatment groups were injected (5 days/week) with darinaparsin SQ daily for 3 weeks. For drug combinations, varied novel agents were rationally combined with darinaparsin (BEZ-235 [PI3K/mTOR dual kinase inhibitor], PXD101 [HDAC inhibitor], olaparib [PARP inhibitor], MG132 [proteasome inhibitor], MK-2206 [pan-AKT inhibitor], SP600125 [JNK inhibitor], SB203580 [p38 MAPK inhibitor] and PD98059 (anti-MEK small molecule). We also interrogated pertinent signaling pathways with shRNA stable knock outs (KO) +/− darinaparsin. Results: Treatment with 1–5μM Darinaparsin for 72 hours resulted in time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in all TCL and HL cell lines. IC50 observed with 72-hour treatment in the TCL lines Jurkat, HH, and Hut87 were 2.7μM, 3.2μM, and 6.7μM, respectively, and for the HL clines L540, L1236, and L428 were 1.3μM, 2.8μM, and 7.2 μM, respectively. Darinaparsin treatment also resulted in a dose dependent increase in apoptosis, detected by Annexin-V positivity and cleavage of PARP and caspases 3, 8 and 9 in all TCL and HL cell lines. In vivo experiments with lymphoma tumor xenografts derived from Jurkat showed significant inhibition of tumor growth (P Conclusions: Collectively, these data show that the novel organic arsenical, darinparsin, induced significant cell death in TLC and HL cell lines and in lymphoma SCID xenograft models. Cell death with darinaparsin appeared to be dependent in part on the MAPK pathway, however this was cell line dependent. Additionally, we identified synergistic cell death in TCL and HL cell lines when darinaparsin was combined with a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor. Continued study of darinaparsin in TCL and HL is warranted either as a single agent or through co-targeting with PI3K/mTOR-based therapy. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Darinaparsin for the treatment of T cell lymphoma and Hodgkin9s disease.
A personalized time-bound activity Recommendation System

Activity-listing services like TripAdvisor, Foursquare and Facebook events make use of community opinions/reviews to help users identify ‘points of interest’ from a large search space and typically make use of collaborative filtering algorithm. These algorithms analyze reviews from a group of people to find correlations between users and/or items in order to suggest top items to a querying user. The main issues with collaborative filtering are scalability and sparsity. Data sparsity creates a problem in scenarios where, a new location or activity that has not been reviewed by enough users is less likely to turn up as a recommendation. Also, users with unique interests do not benefit from such a model since the recommendations are irrespective of how relevant they may be to the user. There is also no system known to the authors, which recommends activities taking into consideration the time available with the user. Hence, a content based approach to generate a time-bound, relevant, personalized feed of ‘activities’ in the nearby area is proposed in this paper. If the user is a die-hard trekker, into indie bands, or dislikes pub hopping, the system will always take that into consideration. Similarly, if someone only wants to spend a couple of hours and is interested in outdoor activities, he/she would be recommended ice-skating instead of hiking.
Abstract 145: MiR-15a/16-1 Mediates Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains a stable brain microenvironment, and is a primary target of ischemic stroke. Breakdown of BBB integrity has been shown to initiate a devastating cascade of events and eventual neuronal loss in cerebral ischemia. Thus, it is important to identify mechanisms by which BBB integrity can be maintained or loss of BBB integrity can be reduced under ischemic stroke conditions. MicroRNAs (miRs) function as a novel class of small noncoding RNAs that negatively modulate protein expression. We and others have recently shown the involvement of miRs in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. However, the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of miRs in regulating cerebrovascular pathology are poorly understood in ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigate the essential role of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster in the regulation of post-ischemic BBB dysfunction. We demonstrated that expression of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster is significantly increased in the cerebral vasculature and cultured BMECs after in vivo and in vitro ischemic stimuli. EC-selective miR-15a/16-1 genetic deficiency leads to reduced BBB leakage and smaller brain infarct in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In contrast, EC-selective miR-15a/16-1 transgenic overexpression aggravates BBB damage and brain infarct. Mechanistically, we found that the miR-15a/16-1 cluster can bind to the 3’-UTRs of major BBB tight junctions, Claudins, and inhibit their translation. Genetic manipulation of miR-15a/16-1 level by lentivirus significantly alters the expression of Claudin 2, 5 and 12 in BMECs under the Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (OGD) conditions. Accordingly, EC-selective miR-15a/16-1 transgenic overexpression remarkably inhibits cerebral expression of Claudins in mice following MCAO. These findings suggest that the miR-15a/16-1 cluster functions as a novel master regulator in BBB pathologies and increases brain injury after ischemic stroke. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of miR-15a/16-1-mediated BBB dysfunction may lead us to discover novel pharmaceutical targets for the development of effective therapies against ischemic stroke.
Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts

There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.
Full-Field Functional Imaging of Acoustic Waves Using Tabletop High Harmonics

We report the first stroboscopic full-field EUV microscope using high harmonics. Specifically, we demonstrate nanoscale movies of acoustic wave propagation in nanostructures with ≈0.1nm axial resolution, 90nm lateral resolution, and 10fs time resolution.
Crowding tunes 3D collagen fibrils and reveals matrix regulation of cancer cell morphogenesis

Author(s): Han, A; Ranamukhaarachchi, S; Velez, DO; Kumar, A; Engler, AJ; Fraley, SI | Abstract: Abstract It is well established that the collagenous extracellular matrix surrounding solid tumors significantly influences the dissemination of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, in part because of a lack of methods to modulate collagen fibril topology in the presence of embedded cells. In this work, we develop a technique to tune the fibril architecture of cell-laden 3D collagen matrices using PEG as an inert molecular crowding agent. With this approach, we demonstrate that fibril length and pore size can be modulated independently of bulk collagen density and stiffness. Using live cell imaging and quantitative analysis, we show that matrices with long fibrils induce cell elongation and single cell migration, while shorter fibrils induce cell rounding, collective migration, and morphogenesis. We conclude that fibril architecture is an independent regulator of cancer cell phenotype and that cell shape and invasion strategy are functions of collagen fibril length.
A Review of Tertiary Referrals for Management of Pediatric Esophageal Eosinophilia.

Background:Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and > 15 eosinophils/high-powered field (eos/hpf). Proton pump inhibitor responsive esophageal eosinophilia 1 is an entity of esophageal eosinophilia that responds to PPI therapy and is thought to be clinically and histologically similar to EoE. Current guidelines suggest therapy with PPI prior to endoscopy and use of PPI as first line for esophageal eosinophilia. In order to gain a better understanding of community practice patterns and to try differentiate between these two entities, we sought to evaluate the clinical presentations, treatment and final diagnoses of patients presenting to our institution for second opinions of esophageal eosinophilia. Methods: A search of our electronic medical record yielded a list of patients presenting for a second opinion of esophageal eosinophilia. Charts were reviewed for clinical information. Results: A total of 187 charts were included. Patients ranged from 1-19 years old with 75% being male and 74% being Caucasian. Of the patients who had documentation of their medications at the time of initial endoscopy, 70% were not on any PPI prior to their endoscopy, and 94% were on < 2mg/kg/day. Of the 19 patients who had full response to PPI therapy and were diagnosed with PPI-REE, close to half had previously been treated with diet, steroids, or both. Patients with final diagnosis of EoE had significantly higher eos/hpf on initial endoscopy compared to those with diagnosis of PPI-REE (51.9±30.6 v. 35.8±16.4. p=0.027), as well as higher likelihood of having IgE-mediated food allergy (79% v. 47%, p=0.003). Conclusions: Diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are needed for esophageal eosinophilia to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary procedures and therapies.
Early Predictors of Onset and Course of Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Spectrum

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of early predictors of the onset and course of schizophrenia, with special emphasis on the results from the temporally most advanced prospective study of children of schizophrenic mothers, launched in Copenhagen in 1962 by Mednick and Schulsinger (1965), the so-called Copenhagen High Risk Project. The focus will be on predictors of onset rather than those related to course.
Wine, viticulture, and enology: Resources for study

If it weren’t for wine, I might not be a librarian. No, not because the rigors of graduate school sometimes demand a glass of wine after finishing an arduous project like completely redoing the CSS for a public library’s website, or writing a grant proposal for an Administration and Management course.
Determinants of Children's Primary Health Care Use

We review factors that influence children's use of primary health care services. Predictors of pediatric health care use include child health status, child mental health, parent and family functioning, demographic characteristics, and access to health care services. Health services research is marked by inconsistencies due to varying approaches to measurement, population sampling, and analysis, and models that do not incorporate situational factors. We present recommendations for practicing clinicians and discuss suggestions for future research to help identify additional factors that may influence a parent's decision to seek help from pediatric physicians. Health care use is determined by multiple factors, and complex models will lead to improved strategies for maximizing health status and establishing optimal pediatric care.
Crowdsourcing for information retrieval experimentation and evaluation

Very recently, crowdsourcing has emerged as a viable alternative for conducting different types of experiments in a wide range of areas. Generally speaking and in the context of IR, crowdsourcing involves outsourcing tasks to a large group of people instead of assigning such tasks to an employee or editor. The availability of commercial crowdsourcing platforms offers vast access to an on-demand workforce. This new approach makes possible to conduct experiments extremely fast, with good results at a low cost. However, like in any experiment, there are several implementation details that would make an experiment work or fail. For large scale evaluation, deployment in practice is not that simple. Tasks have to be designed carefully with special emphasis on the user interface, instructions, content, and quality control. In this invited talk, I will explore some directions that may influence the outcome of a task and I will present a framework for conducting crowdsourcing experiments making some emphasis on a number of aspects that should be of importance for all sorts of IR-like tasks. Finally, I will outline research trends around human computation that promise to make this emerging field even more interesting in the near future.
Risks of upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia in patients with multiple myeloma receiving Daratumumab: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

e20005Background: The addition of human anti CD38 IgGκ monoclonal antibody Daratumumab (DARA) to standard multiple myeloma (MM) regimen significantly improves response rates, progression-free survi...
Dealer Markets, Deriviative Expirations and a Call

Institutional investors commonly use derivatives to enhance their portfolio performance, and the trading of derivative products such as futures and options is an important adjunct to the cash market in major market centers around the world. For a futures market to operate successfully, the derivative and cash markets must be linked by means of arbitrage. Yet, given cash settlement and the present structure of the Nasdaq and London Stock Exchange dealer markets, arbitrageurs cannot be assured of unwinding their positions at contract expiration at the prices used to calculate the value of the index. Thus, basis convergence risk is increased, the arbitrage bands are wider, and the markets are less attractive. This article reviews the nature of the problem and presents a solution in the form of a call market at contract expiration that enables the arbs to secure the contract closing price.
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in cancer patients

Background Malignancy-associated secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (MSSP) poses significant challenges due to limited survival. By assessing risk factors associated with a MSSP recurrence, there is potential to identify patients who could benefit from early intervention intended to prevent recurrence. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with MSSP. The primary outcome was time to MSSP recurrence. We used a competing risk model to identify risk factors associated with MSSP recurrence. Results A total of 2,532 patients were diagnosed with pneumothorax, with 114 having MSSP but only 96 were evaluable for the time-to-recurrence analysis. Of the 96 patients, 9 (9.4%) patients experienced recurrent MSSP, and 58 (60.4%) patients died during the study's follow-up period. The estimated cumulative incidence (CI) of MSSP considering death as a competing risk was 10.1% at 15 months. The univariable model identified the following covariates as associated with MSSP recurrence: mediastinal shift (HR 12.30, 95% CI: 3.44-43.91, P<0.001), distance from lung apex to thoracic cupola (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P=0.003), and distance between visceral and chest wall at the hilum (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P=0.026). Conclusions Although the incidence of MSSP recurrence was found to be low, clinical factors such as sarcoma, the associated mediastinal shift, greater distance from lung apex to thoracic cupola, greater distance between visceral and chest wall at the hilum were found to be risk factors for MSSP recurrence.
Delayed Identification of Cortical Superficial Siderosis in a Patient with Recurrent Transient Focal Neurological Symptoms: A Case Report.

Cortical superficial siderosis (cSS), also referred to as sulcal siderosis, is a neurological condition characterized by hemosiderin subpial deposits in the cortical sulci over the convexities of cerebral hemispheres. These deposits are further found sparingly in the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum. Patients typically present with transient focal neurological symptoms that make cSS challenging to differentiate from other acute neurological processes such as transient ischemic attacks (TIA), focal seizures, and acute convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH). This condition is presently recognized as a characteristic feature of the age-associated disorder referred to as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). This paper describes a patient who presented with transient neurologic symptoms, first suspected to be secondary to acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), found to have cSS and cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Interaction and Harmony in Faith Communities: Predicting Life Purpose, Loneliness, and Well-Being among College Students.

AbstractThis study seeks to understand how faith community involvement, specifically faith community harmony (sense of belonging and lack of conflict within one’s faith community), and faith commun...
Detection of C-Reactive Protein using network-deployable DNA aptamer based optical nanosensor

Aptamer based sensors have been observed to have excellent recognition capacity towards various types of target molecules such as metal ions, proteins and other biomolecules. In this study, we report an optical ‘turn off’ nanosensor, which consists of a deoxyribonucleic acid aptamer attached to a quantum dot on the 5’ terminus and gold nanoparticle on the 3’ terminus. The sensor uses the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer to detect C - reactive protein. With an increase in the target concentration in the sensor, the photoluminescence intensity decreases resulting in an increase in quenching efficiency. The nanosensor has a limit of detection as low as 1.77 picomolar and is observed to be highly specific to C-reactive protein. It also successfully detects the target protein in clinical samples exhibiting around 10% quenching at 10 picomolar target concentration. Future work on this sensor will involve investigation of this sensor in an in vivo environment so that it can be deployed for inflammatory disease management.
Democratic Leadership and Places to Practice It.

The renewal or reform of public schools and their communities calls for a moral democratic concept of leadership, which includes the principles and practices of caring, trust, social justice and co...
Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Reentry to School and Community for Young Offenders With Disabilities: An Ecological Approach:

Reentry services for young offenders need to be youth-focused and inclusive of the multiple entities that support a youth’s return to the community. The purpose of this study was to gain a better u...
Novel Method to Estimate the Octane Ratings of Ethanol–Gasoline Mixtures Using Base Fuel Properties

Ethanol blending into gasoline yields a wide range of octane rating responses, most frequently synergistic (i.e., greater than expected by linear blending), but also linear or antagonistic. A new a...
Attention allocation to subliminally presented affective faces in high and low social anxiety.

Abstract Attention bias to affective stimuli, particularly threatening stimuli, has been well documented, with attention bias to affective faces often reported in populations with social anxiety (SA). However, inconsistencies exist in the literature regarding the direction of the bias, with some studies reporting a bias to attend toward social threat, and others reporting a bias to avoid social threat. This variability in the attention bias literature could be related to fluctuations in how attentional resources are allocated toward social stimuli over time. This study aimed to isolate early processing of affective faces using a backward masking paradigm in participants with high and low levels of subclinical SA. We used prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle to index the amount of early attention allocated to masked affective faces. There was greater PPI to masked angry faces compared to neutral faces across all participants, suggesting that more attention was allocated to threatening faces. This effect was similar across face genders and participant SA levels. There was also a trend for more attention to be allocated to masked affective faces (angry and happy) compared to neutral faces across all participants. These findings demonstrate that attention bias to subliminal affect, and threat specifically, may not be modulated by subclinical levels of SA at very early stages of attention processing.
Liberalizing the killing of endangered wolves was associated with more disappearances of collared individuals in Wisconsin, USA

Although poaching (illegal killing) is an important cause of death for large carnivores globally, the effect of lethal management policies on poaching is unknown for many populations. Two opposing hypotheses have been proposed: liberalizing killing may decrease poaching incidence (‘tolerance hunting’) or increase it (‘facilitated poaching’). For gray wolves in Wisconsin, USA, we evaluated how five causes of death and disappearances of monitored, adult wolves were influenced by policy changes. We found slight decreases in reported wolf poaching hazard and incidence during six liberalized killing periods, but that was outweighed by larger increases in hazard and incidence of disappearance. Although the observed increase in the hazard of disappearance cannot be definitively shown to have been caused by an increase in cryptic poaching, we discuss two additional independent lines of evidence making this the most likely explanation for changing incidence among n = 513 wolves’ deaths or disappearances during 12 replicated changes in policy. Support for the facilitated poaching hypothesis suggests the increase (11–34%) in disappearances reflects that poachers killed more wolves and concealed more evidence when the government relaxed protections for endangered wolves. We propose a refinement of the hypothesis of ‘facilitated poaching’ that narrows the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms underlying wolf-killing.
Abstract P156: Fiber-rich Diet Suppresses Lactobacillus And Increases Blood Pressure In The Shr Independently Of T-lymphocyte Immune Responses

Introduction: Gut dysbiosis has been linked to hypertension in both rodents and humans. Microbial metabolites such as propionate have been shown to regulate blood pressure (BP), while butyrate, one...
Data-Driven Transit Network Design at Scale

Mass transit remains the most efficient way to service a densely packed commuter population. However, reliability issues and increasing competition in the transportation space have led to declining...
Thymic malignancies treated with active scanning proton beam radiation and Monte Carlo planning: early clinical experience.

Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are rare neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum [1]. They are managed with upfront surgical resection, if feasible, followed by adjuvant recommendations dictated primari...
Enteric Fever Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Directions

Enteric fever is a life-threatening systemic febrile disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi (S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi). Unfortunately, the burden of the disease remains high primarily due to the global spread of various drug-resistant Salmonella strains despite continuous advancement in the field. An accurate diagnosis is critical for effective control of the disease. However, enteric fever diagnosis based on clinical presentations is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other febrile illnesses that are also prevalent in endemic areas. Current laboratory tests display suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, and no diagnostic methods are available for identifying asymptomatic carriers. Several research programs have employed systemic approaches to identify more specific biomarkers for early detection and asymptomatic carrier detection. This review discusses the pros and cons of currently available diagnostic tests for enteric fever, the advancement of research toward improved diagnostic tests, and the challenges of discovering new ideal biomarkers and tests.
E. coli 0157:H7 Shedding in Beef Calves Vaccinated with E. coli 0157:H7 SRP® Vaccine Born to Cows Vaccinated Prepartum with E.coli 0157:H7 SRP® Vaccine

Cattle are the reservoir for E. coli O157:H7 which is a contaminant of beef products and has been associated with food-borne illnesses in humans. Recently an E. coli O157:H7 SRP® vaccine extract received conditional licensure in the United States for the control of E. coli 0157 in cattle. Cattle are believed to become colonized with E. coli 0157 around the time of birth. The majority of existing research and control strategies attempt to control E.coli 0157 at the feedyard and harvest stages of production. These approaches are addressing the problem post-colonization. The objective of this study was to determine the shedding characteristics and performance of E. coli O157:H7 SRP-vaccinated beef calves born to E. coli O157:H7 SRP-vaccinated dams.
Analysis of visual features and classifiers for Fruit classification problem

Abstract Analysis of visual cues for fruit classification and sorting allows to automate the visual inspection and packaging process in agricultural applications that is performed so far by human workers. Challenges for automated multi-class sorting systems are similarity in color and shape of different fruit varieties and variation among the same category of fruit. A major constraint in using well known deep neural networks for fruit classification arises because deep neural networks require large training datasets for achieving high accuracies which are generally not available in case of agricultural products especially various fruits and vegetable varieties. A thorough analysis is required to find an appropriate combination of various handcrafted features that could give precise and accurate classification results for small datasets. This paper investigates the use of various handcrafted visual features for fruit classification using traditional machine learning techniques. Different color, shape and texture features are analyzed by comparing the results obtained from six supervised machine learning techniques including K nearest neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Decision Trees and Feed forward back propagation neural network. We propose a novel combination of Hue, Color-SIFT, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Haralick features in fruit classification problem that outperforms other handcrafted visual features. This feature combination is found to be invariant to rotation and illumination effects and works well with intra class variations providing good results for identifying subcategories of fruits along with high classification accuracies obtained for difficult fruit categories that are visually similar. It is found that Color-SIFT features alone work very well for fruit classification problem by outperforming other individual handcrafted features. Our approach is trained and tested on publicly available Fruits 360 dataset. Out of different classifiers best results are obtained using Back Propagation Neural Network, SVM and KNN classifier with classification accuracies between 99% and 100%.
Use of the Colostrum-Deprived Piglet to Evaluate Parenteral Feeding Formulas

Several different neonatal and infant piglet models have been invaluable as animal models in nutrition research. A preterm colostrum-deprived piglet model has been developed that is delivered at the desired gestational age, is cared for using the standard of care provided preterm human neonates including procedures for nutritional support and can be studied during pathological conditions induced under controlled conditions. The absolute values for each nutrient requirement would not be expected to be identical for preterm piglets and preterm human neonates. However, the effect of different levels of gestational maturity and superimposed pathophysiologies on nutrient requirements should be similar in the piglet and human neonate.
Epstein-Barr virus-malaria interaction models for Burkitt's lymphoma: implications for preventive trials.

Summary Infections with both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and malaria have been implicated as causal factors in the pathogenesis of Burkitt9s lymphoma (BL). Proposed trials of preventive measures for both infections are receiving serious consideration as possible means of establishing a causal relationship with BL. In this paper we examine certain models for the interaction of EBV and malaria in the induction of BL, and also review the aims of the longitudinal, population-based study being conducted in the West Nile District of Uganda. Given existing knowledge, the outcome of preventive trials, even for the most simple interaction models, is unpredictable and, under certain circumstances, trials of an EBV vaccine could actually increase the incidence of BL. It is suggested that trials of an EBV vaccine at this time would be premature and should be delayed at least until the results from the West Nile prospective study are clear.
Therapeutic radiation for lymphoma: risk of malignant mesothelioma.

BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation has been used since the 1950s to treat a variety of cancers. Cancer patients who are treated with radiotherapy have shown increased risks for a variety of second malignancies, including mesothelioma, in several recent reports. The only existing study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and subsequent mesothelioma had a short observation period. METHODS The authors used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data over a 30-year period to identify patients with HL and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who also were diagnosed with mesothelioma. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks were calculated by sex and treatment modality for both types of lymphoma. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were identified who had mesothelioma as second primaries based on 21,881 diagnoses of HL and 101,001 diagnoses of NHL. There was a statistically significant increase in mesothelioma (4 diagnoses; SIR, 6.59; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.79–16.87) among men with HL who received radiation, but no women survivors were identified who had a diagnosis of mesothelioma. For NHL survivors, there was a nonsignificant excess of mesothelioma among men (SIR, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.77–3.93) and women (SIR, 3.75; 95% CI, 0.77–10.95) who had received radiation treatment. There were no increases among patients who were unirradiated. CONCLUSIONS Mesothelioma rates for patients who had received radiotherapy were increased for survivors of HL and NHL. No increases were observed among the unirradiated. These findings and the existing body of supporting studies confirmed that radiotherapy is a cause of mesothelioma. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Testing Confluence of Nonterminating Rewriting Systems

A key problem in the implementation of equational logic programming is how to check that an equational program is confluent. The current version of the equation compiler allows no critical pairs, or overlaps, between left-hand sides of rules. Normal approaches to proving confluence in the presence of critical pairs require that all reductions terminate, but many of the most useful techniques in equational logic programming involve lazy evaluation of terms with nonterminating reductions. In this paper, we give a theorem, showing how confluence can be determined only by critical pairs and their relations in left-linear term rewriting system.