cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Network-based functional enrichment

Background Many methods have been developed to infer and reason about molecular interaction networks. These approaches often yield networks with hundreds or thousands of nodes and up to an order of magnitude more edges. It is often desirable to summarize the biological information in such networks. A very common approach is to use gene function enrichment analysis for this task. A major drawback of this method is that it ignores information about the edges in the network being analyzed, i.e., it treats the network simply as a set of genes. In this paper, we introduce a novel method for functional enrichment that explicitly takes network interactions into account.
The role of Fis1p-Mdv1p interactions in mitochondrial fission complex assembly.

Mitochondrial division requires coordinated interactions among Fis1p, Mdv1p, and the Dnm1p GTPase, which assemble into fission complexes on the outer mitochondrial membrane. The integral outer membrane protein Fis1p contains a cytoplasmic domain consisting of a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)–like fold and a short NH2-terminal helix. Although it is known that the cytoplasmic domain is necessary for assembly of Mdv1p and Dnm1p into fission complexes, the molecular details of this assembly are not clear. In this study, we provide new evidence that the Fis1p–Mdv1p interaction is direct. Furthermore, we show that conditional mutations in the Fis1p TPR-like domain cause fission complex assembly defects that are suppressed by mutations in the Mdv1p-predicted coiled coil. We also define separable functions for the Fis1p NH2-terminal arm and TPR-like fold. These studies suggest that the concave binding surface of the Fis1p TPR-like fold interacts with Mdv1p during mitochondrial fission and that Mdv1p facilitates Dnm1p recruitment into functional fission complexes.
Diagnosis and management of mood disorders during the menopausal transition

Recent census data indicate that, in the United States, an increasing number of women—almost 1.5 million each year—are reaching menopause. The menopausal transition is marked by intense hormonal fluctuations, and may be accompanied by vasomotor complaints, sleep disturbances, changes in sexual function, and increased risk for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. In addition, there is evidence of increased risk for developing depression, even among women who never experienced depressive symptoms before. Thus depression during the perimenopause may have a substantial impact on personal, family, and professional spheres of life. A challenge to clinicians and health professionals lies in the identification of the most tolerable treatments to manage depression and improve quality of life in an aging population. Any treatment strategy should take into account not only the spectrum of side effects that may complicate treatment but also other menopause-related factors (e.g., vasomotor symptoms, psychosocial stressors) that may modulate risk for the development of mood disturbance. This article reviews the current literature on the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression during the menopausal transition. The benefits and risks of using hormonal and nonhormonal strategies for the management of depression and other menopause-related somatic symptoms are critically reviewed.
Two new species of myrmecophytic Tococa (Melastomataceae) with unusually large floral bracts

Abstract Two new species of Tococa with large bracts and ant domatia are described. Tococa leticiana has caducous acuminate floral bracts that enclose the young inflorescence and is known only from Leticia, Colombia. Tococa costoides has persistent broadly ovate floral bracts and is known from Amazonas State in Brazil.
Cost efficiency in an Indian bank branch network: A centralized resource allocation model

Abstract In the present study we evaluate the overall cost efficiency of a network of branches of a single large public sector bank in India within the city of Calcutta using the data for the year 2012. Our objective is to determine the optimal number of branches within a postal district that could provide the observed amounts of banking services to the customers in that area at the minimum operating cost. Our DEA results show that there is an evidence of ‘over-branching’ and for the entire network reducing the total number of branches would be more cost efficient. However, there are numerous instances, where increasing the number of branches within a market area would be optimal.
The Choice Process for Graduate Business Schools

The college choice behavior of graduate business school applicants is studied. A stochastic utility model is proposed and estimated by use of a sample of students admitted to Carnegie-Mellon Univer...
Hexagonal Boron Nitride‐Based Electrolyte Composite for Li‐Ion Battery Operation from Room Temperature to 150 °C

Batteries for high temperature applications capable of withstanding over 60 °C are still dominated by primary cells. Conventional rechargeable energy storage technologies which have exceptional performance at ambient temperatures employ volatile electrolytes and soft separators, resulting in catastrophic failure under heat. A composite electrolyte/separator is reported that holds the key to extend the capability of Li-ion batteries to high temperatures. A stoichiometric mixture of hexagonal boron nitride, piperidinium-based ionic liquid, and a lithium salt is formulated, with ionic conductivity reaching 3 mS cm−1, electrochemical stability up to 5 V and extended thermal stability. The composite is used in combination with conventional electrodes and demonstrates to be stable for over 600 cycles at 120 °C, with a total capacity fade of less than 3%. The ease of formulation along with superior thermal and electrochemical stability of this system extends the use of Li-ion chemistries to applications beyond consumer electronics and electric vehicles.
Salicornia: evaluating the halophytic extremophile as a food and a pharmaceutical candidate

Food insecurity is a major issue in current scenario where a large section of mankind is at risk of insufficient diet. As food productivity has its limits, the prospecting of unutilized or underutilized flora as food candidates is collectively recognized as a sustainable option. In the past decade, a number of obscure plants have been identified to be rich in dietary components and deemed fit for integration into the food platter. This review discusses a candidate Salicornia, belonging to family Amaranthaceae. This halophyte has a broad geographical distribution, and phytochemical profiling has indicated its food relevance. An array of functional nutrients as fibers, polyphenols, and flavonoids have been detected in Salicornia. Though high salt, oxalate and saponin content in the plants are anti-nutrients, they can be removed to justify usage of Salicornia as a 'sea vegetable'. Apart from culinary relevance, medicinal attributes like immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, antiproliferative, osteoprotective, and hypoglycemic render this lesser-known marsh plant significant for phytochemical studies. This appraisal is expected to be useful towards further research and popularization of this extremophile halophyte.
414 ALTERED EXPRESSION OF RENAL NA/K ATPASE IN HYPERTENSIVE PREGNANT RATS TREATED WITH METOLAZONE

We have developed a model of preeclampsia in the rat that has several phenotypic characteristics of human preeclampsia, including hypertension, proteinuria and intrauterine growth restriction. Metolazone (M) is a thiazide-like diuretic/antihypertensive agent that can reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients without causing a natriuresis. We administered the drug in dosages of 0.05 mg/kg BW to pregnant rats weighing 250-300 g rendered “preeclamptic” by the administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate and replacement of their drinking water with 0.9% saline. The preeclamptic (PDS) group attained mean tail cuff blood pressures (BP) of 128 ± 9 mm Hg at day 17 of pregnancy as compared to a mean value of 92 ± 14 mm Hg in a group given M (PDS + M) in a daily non-natriuretic dose by gastric gavage (p
Adult Nephroblastoma With Glomerular Intracapillary Deposits Of IgM in the Contralateral Kidney

A 43-year-old man who presented with hematuria had a nephroblastoma in the right kidney. After nephrectomy the patient was treated with irradiation and chemotherapy. Despite the development of pulmonary metastases he remained reasonably well for several years. He died of metastatic disease 8 years after presentation. Histological study of the contralateral kidney at autopsy revealed intracapillary glomerular deposits of IgM.
Plasmonic Cup Resonators for Single-Nanohole-Based Sensing and Spectroscopy

We fabricate a new type of plasmonic resonator, called a cup resonator, consisting of a single nanohole and a cylindrical surrounding reflector. This device is made using template stripping, which creates a smooth silver surface for the base along with a sidewall mirror in one step to form a compact plasmonic microcavity. When a cup resonator is illuminated, surface plasmon waves, launched by a nanohole in all directions, are reflected off of the cylindrical sidewall, generating cavity resonances that can be observed as interference patterns in the optical transmission spectra. Since the resonances inside the cup depend on the local refractive index, this device can function as a compact optical sensor. With this sensor we observe a bulk index sensitivity of 390 nm/refractive index unit (RIU). A major advantage of this system over other propagation-based plasmonic sensors is that the energy is confined within a single cup, which is on the order of 1 μm2. This means that large arrays can be fabricated and ...
Bayesian Hierarchical Multi-Population Multistate Jolly–Seber Models With Covariates: Application to the Pallid Sturgeon Population Assessment Program

ABSTRACTEstimating abundance for multiple populations is of fundamental importance to many ecological monitoring programs. Equally important is quantifying the spatial distribution and characterizing the migratory behavior of target populations within the study domain. To achieve these goals, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical multi-population multistate Jolly–Seber model that incorporates covariates. The model is proposed using a state-space framework and has several distinct advantages. First, multiple populations within the same study area can be modeled simultaneously. As a consequence, it is possible to achieve improved parameter estimation by “borrowing strength” across different populations. In many cases, such as our motivating example involving endangered species, this borrowing of strength is crucial, as there is relatively less information for one of the populations under consideration. Second, in addition to accommodating covariate information, we develop a computationally efficient Markov cha...
Nanoindentation of ZrO2 and ZrO2/Zr systems by molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract The deformation behaviors of cubic zirconia and a cubic zirconia thin film on top of an hcp zirconium substrate are investigated using molecular dynamics nanoindentation simulation. Interatomic interactions are described by the previously developed Charge Optimized Many Body (COMB) potential for the Zr-ZrO2-O2 system. The load-displacement curves, deformation processes and hardnesses of zirconia and the zirconia/zirconium systems are characterized. In addition, by comparing with a previous nanoindentation simulation on zirconium, the effects of the zirconia layer on top on the mechanical properties of the zirconium substrate are determined.
The Role of mTORC1 in Regulating Protein Synthesis and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Response to Various Mechanical Stimuli

Skeletal muscle plays a fundamental role in mobility, disease prevention, and quality of life. Skeletal muscle mass is, in part, determined by the rates of protein synthesis, and mechanical loading is a major regulator of protein synthesis and skeletal muscle mass. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), found in the multi-protein complex, mTORC1, is proposed to play an essential role in the regulation of protein synthesis and skeletal muscle mass. The purpose of this review is to examine the function of mTORC1 in relation to protein synthesis and cell growth, the current evidence from rodent and human studies for the activation of mTORC1 signaling by different types of mechanical stimuli, whether mTORC1 signaling is necessary for changes in protein synthesis and skeletal muscle mass that occur in response to different types of mechanical stimuli, and the proposed molecular signaling mechanisms that may be responsible for the mechanical activation of mTORC1 signaling.
Abstract 528: Angiotensin-ii Induces Strain-dependent Renovascular Remodeling in Mice

Activation of renin-angiotensin system and production of Angiotensin-II plays an important role in several pathological processes leading to end stage renal disease. Sustained hypertension induces renovascular remodeling in both intra and extra-renal vasculature by altering extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Recent studies in vascular remodeling have shown strain-dependent phenotypic variation in carotid artery and in pulmonary hypertension indicating a genetic basis for disease susceptibility. We hypothesized that sensitivity to develop hypertension to angiotensin-II infusion and subsequent renovascular remodeling will vary depending on the genetic background. C57BL/6J (WT) and TIMP2 -/- mice were used in this study. Osmotic pumps loaded with Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) were introduced into a dorsal subcutaneous pocket for delivery at 250 ng. kg -1 . min -1 . Pumps loaded with saline served as controls for both groups. Blood pressure, renal vascular blood flow, renal vascular density, collagen and elastin deposition, oxidative stress and tissue levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined. Results: TIMP2 -/- mice had higher baseline mean blood pressure (130.5±6.4 mm Hg) compared to WT mice (111.07±7.3 mm Hg). After 4 weeks of Ang-II treatment, mean arterial pressure increased to 150.33±11.9 in TIMP2 -/- mice compared to 129.9±5.7 mm Hg in WT mice. The renal cortical blood flow was reduced in TIMP2 -/- mice (1125 flux units) compared to WT (1350 flux units) and untreated controls. Barium angiography demonstrated decreased renal vascular density in TIMP2 -/- mice compared to WT group. Peri-glomerular and vascular collagen deposition was increased in TIMP2 -/- and WT, whereas elastin was reduced and disrupted in TIMP2 -/- renal vasculature. Intracellular reactive oxygen species production was predominant in TIMP2 -/- group than in WT or control animals. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in Ang-II induced hypertension, renovascular response is strain dependent and TIMP2 -/- mice appear to be more susceptible to end organ damage than WT mice.
Abstract 243: The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin Mediates Clearance of Damaged Mitochondria via Two Distinct Pathways

Damaged mitochondria release reactive oxygen species and pro-death factors which can lead to loss of cardiac myocytes. To protect against such damage, myocytes have developed several mechanisms of quality control that act both on the protein and organelle levels. We have previously identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin as an important regulator of mitochondrial clearance via autophagy in the myocardium. Here, we report that Parkin can also mediate clearance of mitochondria via the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. We found that Parkin promotes clearance of damaged mitochondria in both wild type (WT) and autophagy-deficient Atg5 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) treated with the mitochondria uncoupler FCCP. Mitochondrial damage leads to rapid activation of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway in both WT and Atg5-/- MEFs. We further observed increased activation of Rab5, a protein involved in early endosome formation, in both WT and Atg5-/- MEFs after treatment with FCCP. In addition, we observed sequestration of damaged mitochondria in Rab5+ and Rab7+ early and late endosomes, respectively. Mitochondria also colocalized with Lamp2+ vesicles in Atg5-/- MEFs indicating that the mitochondria are ultimately being delivered to the lysosomes for degradation. Overexpression of Rab5S34N, a dominant negative of Rab5, reduces FCCP-mediated clearance and increases cell death in Atg5-/- MEFs. Pharmacological inhibition of the endosomal-lysosomal pathway also results in increased FCCP-mediated cell death. Furthermore, we confirmed that FCCP treatment or simulated ischemia reperfusion exposure induces Rab5 activation with subsequent mitochondrial sequestration in early endosomes in neonatal myocytes. Interestingly, the activation of Rab5 is abrogated in the presence of the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo, suggesting that mitochondrial ROS is involved in the activation the endosomal pathway. Mitochondrial clearance via this pathway is also dependent on Parkin, as FCCP treatment fails to activate Rab5 and induce mitochondrial clearance in both WT and Atg5-/- MEFS in the absence of Parkin. Thus, our data suggest that Parkin can mediate clearance of damaged mitochondria via two distinct pathways in cells.
Survival outcomes for postoperative chemoradiation in intermediate-risk oral tongue cancers.

Background The survival outcomes for surgery + postoperative radiotherapy (S+RT) or surgery + postoperative chemoradiation (S+CRT) was compared in patients having oral tongue cancers with intermediate-risk pathological features. Methods Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), overall survival (OS) for S+RT or S+CRT was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models in the entire population (n = 2803) and in a propensity-matched cohort (n = 1136). Results The 3-year OS was 73.3% for S+CRT versus 66.7% for S+RT (P = .02). The S+CRT improved the 3-year OS for patients with 2 or more involved metastatic lymph nodes (≥2 MLNs; P = .01) but not for patients with <2 MLNs (P = .73). Undergoing S+CRT improved the 3-year OS for patients with pathologic T classification (pT) pT3-pT4 disease (P = .01) but not for patients with pT1-pT2 disease (P = .18). Conclusion Undergoing S+CRT was associated with improved survival for patients with tongue cancers with ≥2 MLNs and/or pT3-pT4 suggesting that specific intermediate-risk pathological features benefit from treatment intensification.
Molecular Treatment of High-Grade Gliomas

Abstract There is increased understanding of the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular abnormalities that drive gliomagenesis and tumor progression. These molecular pathways constitute intertwined, redundant signaling networks that may contribute to escape mechanisms in response to molecularly targeted therapies. In addition, high-grade gliomas (HGGs) also undergo constant evolutionary changes in response to treatments. To date, the response of HGGs to molecularly targeted agents has been modest at best. When select patients do respond, validated predictive biomarkers are often missing. Nonetheless, because of the successes seen in other cancers, targeted agents remain an attractive treatment strategy. Increasingly, clinical trials of these molecularly targeted agents in HGG are restricting eligibility based on their molecular profiles. This review focuses on the status of clinical trials for drugs targeting pathways implicated in gliomagenesis such as IDH, Notch, p53, Rb, EGFR, PI3K, MET, PDGFR, and FGFR.
Plasmonic Heterodyne Terahertz Spectrometry

We demonstrate a new class of terahertz spectrometers that use plasmonic photomixers as frequency downconverters to offer quantum-level sensitivity at room temperature. We demonstrated double-sideband noise temperatures of 120-270 K (10hv/k -2hv/k) over 0.1-2 THz, equivalent to 10-2 photons.
Psychoanalysis: Current Status

Psychoanalysis is (a) a personality theory, and, more generally, a theory of psychological functioning that focuses particularly on unconscious mental processes; (b) a method for the investigation of psychological functions based on the exploration of free associations within a special therapeutic setting; and (c) a method for treatment of a broad spectrum of psychopathological conditions, including the symptomatic neuroses (anxiety states, characterological depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, conversion hysteria and dissociative hysterical pathology), sexual inhibitions and perversions (‘paraphilias’), and the personality disorders. Psychoanalysis has also been applied, mostly in modified versions, that is in psychoanalytic psychotherapies, to the treatment of severe personality disorders, psychosomatic conditions, and certain psychotic conditions, particularly a sub-group of patients with chronic schizophrenic illness.
Toward a Model of Adolescent Empowerment: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence

Empowering adolescents can serve as a preventive intervention for many of the problems that confront this population. While much of the literature on empowerment has focused on adults, this paper offers a model of empowerment for adolescents that draws from appropriate developmental theory, bonding and social control theory, and rolelessness. Literature that supports the adolescent empowerment model is reviewed. Popular interventions and activities are assessed using their “empowerment potential” as a yardstick. Common features that are consistent with the adolescent empowerment model are identified; and future directions for research are discussed.
MPI Derived Datatypes: Performance and Portability Issues

This paper addresses performance-portability and overall performance issues when derived datatypes are used with four MPI implementations: Open MPI, MPICH, MVAPICH2, and Intel MPI. These comparisons are particularly relevant today since most vendor implementations are now based on Open MPI or MPICH rather than on vendor proprietary code as was more prevalent in the past. Our findings are that, within a single MPI implementation, there are significant differences in performance as a function of it reasonable encodings of derived datatypes as supported by the MPI standard. While this finding may not be surprising, it is important to understand how fundamental vs. arbitrary choices made in early implementation impact the use of derived datatypes to date.A more significant finding is that one cannot reliably choose a single derived datatype format and expect uniform performance portability among these four implementations. That is, the best-performing path under one of the MPI code bases is not the same as the best-performing path under another. Users have to be prepared to recode for a different formulation to move efficiently among MPICH, MVAPICH2, Intel MPI, and Open MPI. This lack of uniformity presents a significant gap in MPI's fundamental purpose of offering performance portability.Specific examination of internal implementation details indicates why performance is different among the implementations. Proposed solutions to this problem include i) revamping datatypes; ii) providing a common, underlying datatype standard used by multiple MPI implementations; and iii) exploring new ways to describe derived datatypes that are optimizable by modern networks and faster than MPI implementations' software-based marshaling and unmarshaling.
Science Considered Helpful.

As the interactive narrative community continues to mature, discussions are beginning in which we debate the relative merits of differing methodologies, discuss priorities around classes of problems and look at epistemological questions that arise from what we perceive as limitations of our work. Horswill’s Science Considered Harmful initiated a conversation around the role of science in the advancement of knowledge in our field, putting forward the idea that a scientific mindset restricts our ability to progress. In this paper, I respond, arguing that science, and more generally scientific rigor and the kind of results that it produces, are well served by a discourse that makes productive distinctions between such things as science and not science. In particular, I argue that such a thing as a science of narrative exists, that scientific work is an important way to advance our knowledge of computational models of narrative and that scholarly practice around interactive narrative research does not need to be viewed as only scientific or as only artistic/aesthetic.
Retrospective dosimetry at the natural background level with commercial surface mount resistors

Abstract A single aliquot regenerative (SAR) protocol utilizing thermoluminescence demonstrated precise and accurate retrospective dosimetry capability using common commercial surface mount resistors at levels able to discriminate the age of resistors based on background dose accrual. Detection limits below 10 mGy can be realized with this method having precision at the 1 Gy level in the range of only 3% which is substantially better than that required for emergency response dosimetry. Moreover, these dose estimates could be obtained in mere hours rather than current biodosimetry methods which can take weeks.
Rapid relapse to smoking following hospital discharge.

Abstract Many of nearly 7 million smokers who are hospitalized each year plan to stay quit after they leave the hospital. Most, however, relapse after discharge. This is a secondary analysis of a large Midwestern hospital-based smoking cessation trial that occurred between July 2011 and May 2013 to better understand how quickly smokers relapse and the predictors of rapid relapse. Of 942 participants who completed follow up, 25% returned to smoking within a day after hospital discharge. Among these rapid relapses, 36.6% relapsed within one-hour of leaving the hospital, 35.3% between one and 24 h, and 28.1% relapsed one-day post-discharge. Predictors with the highest odds for rapid relapse (within a day of hospital discharge) included tobacco use during hospitalization (OR, 7.37, [95% CI, 3.85–14.13], P Clinical Trials Registration NCT01305928
Current Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus in Treatment-Naive Patients

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most commonly transmitted blood-borne diseases in the United States and the world with a high percentage of infected individuals leading to persistent infection and progression of hepatic inflammation. Patients who fail to clear the virus spontaneously will develop chronic HCV, ultimately leading to the development of cirrhosis in 10–20% of patients over the following 2–3 decades. The goal of therapy is to prevent HCV-related complications with early detection and prevention to substantially impact the prognosis. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for staging fibrosis but, with recent advances in noninvasive methods, serum biomarkers and imaging techniques can be utilized first to avoid complications from biopsy. Given recent advances in treatment options with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), data shows increased SVR rates, along with simpler regimens and less severe side effect profiles.
West of Eden with B. H. Carroll, George W. Truett, and J. Frank Norris: The lifelong feud between the First Baptist pastors of Dallas and Fort Worth:

For the first half of the twentieth century, two Baptist pastors “squared off” with one another from the First Baptist Church pulpits of two rival Texas towns. In Dallas, George W. Truett led what ...
Simultaneous upgrading of biomass-derived sugars to HMF/furfural via enzymatically isomerized ketose intermediates.

Recently, exploring fermentative or chemical pathways that convert biomass-derived sugars to fuels/chemicals has attracted a lot of interest from many researchers. We are investigating a hydrocarbon pathway from mixed sugars via 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and furfural intermediates. To achieve this goal, we must first convert glucose and xylose to HMF and furfural in favorable yields. Current processes to produce HMF/furfural generally involve the use of acid catalysts in biphasic systems or solvents such as ionic liquids. However, the yield from transforming glucose to HMF is lower than the yield of furfural from xylose. In this study, we present an efficient chemical pathway simultaneously transforming glucose and xylose to HMF and furfural via ketose intermediates, i.e., fructose and xylulose, which were generated from glucose and xylose via enzymatic isomerization. In the enzymatic isomerization, by adding sodium borate to complex with the ketoses, xylose conversion reached equilibrium after 2 h with a conversion of 91% and glucose conversion reached 84% after 4 h. By enzymatically isomerizing the aldoses to ketoses, the following dehydration reactions to HMF and furfural could be performed at low process temperatures (i.e., 110–120 °C) minimizing the side reactions of the sugars and limiting the degradation of furfurals to humins and carboxylic acids. At 120 °C, pH 0.5, and 15 min reaction time, mixed ketose sugars were converted to HMF and furfural in yields of 77% and 96%, respectively (based on starting aldose concentrations). Taken together, our results demonstrate that this combined biological and chemical process could be an effective pathway to simultaneously convert biomass-derived glucose and xylose to HMF and furfural, for use as intermediates in the production of hydrocarbons.
The political economy of renewable portfolio standards in the United States

Abstract We investigate the political economy of Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) adoption, the most commonly used policy tool by U.S. states to curb greenhouse gas emissions. A growing body of research examines the drivers of RPS adoption, but this work has given scant attention to the ways in which the fossil fuel industry potentially moderates the effects of the other drivers of adoption. Therefore, we use discrete-time logistic regression analysis to estimate models of RPS adoption that include an interaction between fossil fuel production levels, and a commonly observed driver of adoption — state government ideology. We find that conservative, moderate, and liberal state governments are likely to adopt an RPS in states with no fossil fuel production. However, only moderate and liberal governments are likely to adopt in major fossil fuel producing states.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement 24 years after cardiac transplantation

As patient survival after cardiac transplantation has improved over the course of the last several decades, clinicians are now faced with late complications. This includes aortic stenosis which, traditionally, has been treated with reoperative sternotomy and aortic valve replacement. Transcather aortic valve replacement (TAVR) offers a minimally invasive alternative in this high-risk population. A small but growing number of cases of TAVR after heart transplantation in high-risk patients have been reported in the last 10 years; we now present a case of aortic valve replacement via a transcatheter approach 24 years after cardiac transplantation.
Using machine learning to identify karst sinkholes from LiDAR-derived topographic depressions in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky

Abstract Information about the distribution and characteristics of existing sinkholes is critical for understanding karst aquifer systems and evaluating sinkhole hazards. LiDAR provides accurate and high-resolution topographic information and has been used to improve delineation of sinkholes in many karst regions. LiDAR data also reveal many topographic depressions, however, and identifying sinkholes from these depressions through manual visual inspection can be slow and laborious. To improve the efficiency of the identification process, we applied six machine learning methods (logistic regression, naive Bayes, neural network, random forests, RUSBoost, and support vector machine) to a dataset of morphometric characteristics of LiDAR-derived topographic depressions. Sinkhole data from Bourbon, Woodford, and Jessamine Counties in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky were used to derive the dataset for training and testing the machine learning methods. The dataset consisted of 22,884 records with 10 variables for each record. For each method, a random subset of 80% of the records was used for training and the remaining 20% was used for testing. The test receiver operating characteristic curves showed that all six methods were applicable to the dataset, as demonstrated by all area under the curves (AUCs) being greater than 0.87. Neural network emerged as the method that performed best, with an AUC of 0.95 and a testing average accuracy of 0.85. To further improve the sinkhole mapping process, we subsequently developed a two-step process that combined the trained neural network classifier and manual visual inspection and applied the process to Scott County, also in the Bluegrass region. We were able to locate 97% of the sinkholes in the county by manually inspecting only 27% of the topographic depressions the neural network classified as having relatively high probabilities of being sinkholes. This study showed that machine learning is a promising method for improving sinkhole identification efficiency in karst areas in which high-resolution topographic information is available.
A role for external Ca2+ in maintaining muscle contractility in periodic paralysis.

Calcium gluconate has been empirically administered to hasten recovery of force during an episode of periodic paralysis. By using a genetically engineered mouse model, Uwera and colleagues show that low Ca2+ clearly promotes a loss of force in affected muscle, thereby providing the first evidence for the benefit of maintaining normal Ca2+ levels in this disorder.
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR Imaging before prostatectomy: correlation with surgical pathology and two-year follow up

187 Objectives: To examine the diagnostic utility of 68Ga PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in pre-surgical evaluation of newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma for assessment of extent of disease and prognosis. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven Gleason score (GS) ≥7 prostate adenocarcinoma underwent imaging prior to radical prostatectomy. All available clinical and pathological data and PSA levels within 2 years after PET/MR was analyzed to determine the extent of disease and short-term prognosis and concordance between imaging findings and clinico-pathological data. Results: Of 38 consecutively scanned patients, 33 with follow up data were included in the analysis (29 more than 2 years, 2 for less than 1 year). Thirty patients had focal radiotracer uptake in one or both prostate lobes concordant with the involved lobe(s) on pathology. Two patients had diffuse uptake. There was a positive correlation between SUV and either PSA (R2 = 0.41) or percent prostate cancer volume (R2 = 0.38). The average SUVmax for patients with a GS of 3+4 was 8.4 g/mL (n=14) vs. 17.4 for GS of 4+3 or higher (n=19, p 0.2 ng/mL) at 4 months. Three other patients had detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy: one with osseous metastasis at the time of imaging, and the other two had nodal metastasis. Of 27 patients who had no nodal uptake on PET, undetectable PSA after surgery, and at least 24 months follow up, only two had confirmed biochemical recurrence during follow up period (at 21 and 28 months after imaging). Conclusions: 68Ga PSMA-11 PET/MR is overall highly concordant with surgical pathology and provides complementary information to multiparametric MR for assessment of extent of cancer involvement in prostate gland and pelvic nodes. Patients without nodal involvement on PET in our cohort had a low probability of biochemical recurrence in two years after imaging.
A lottery test of the effect of dispensaries on emergency room visits in Arizona

In August 2012, the Arizona Department of Health Services conducted a lottery to allocate licenses for the state's first medical marijuana dispensaries. The lottery randomly selected an applicant within each of 69 contested Community Health Analysis Areas to open a dispensary. By comparing 36 zip codes with winning applications to 48 zip codes with losing applications and weighting using propensity scores based on the true probability of winning, we estimate the causal effect of the allocation of a dispensary on the emergency room visits of residents of that zip code. Outcomes of interest are emergency room visits for acute symptoms caused by cannabis, opioids, alcohol, and cocaine. Using emergency room discharge data from 2010 to 2016, we find evidence of an increase in visits for acute cannabis-related causes for the winning set of zip codes and weak evidence of an increase in visits for opioid-related causes. The results indicate that in the four years following the lottery, emergency room visits for acute cannabis causes rose by approximately 45% in allocated zip codes relative to non-allocated zip codes. Because of the high likelihood of spillovers to neighboring zip codes, these effects are likely underestimates.
Writing Oneself Into the Curriculum: Photovoice Journaling in a Secondary Ethnic Studies Course:

The writing of transnational youth has continued to emerge as a promising area of research in writing and literacy studies, and yet despite the breadth of this work, few studies have examined trans...
Treatment of Early Stage Tonsil Cancer in the Age of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Malignancies

ObjectiveTo investigate the patterns of care and outcomes of treatment of early stage tonsil cancers, controlling for human papillomavirus (HPV) status.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingNa...
US rejection of the Kyoto Protocol: the impact on compliance costs and CO2 emissions

Abstract Despite the US rejection of the Kyoto Protocol, the meeting of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in July 2001 has increased the likelihood that the Protocol will be ratified. This raises a number of issues concerning mitigation costs, particularly for the buyers and sellers of emission permits. In this paper, we examine how the US decision is likely to affect compliance costs for other Annex B countries during the first commitment period. We also explore the implications for US emissions. Key findings include: 1. Participating Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries may experience a decline in mitigation costs, but because of the banking provision contained in the Protocol, the decline may not be as great as some would suggest; 2. If the majority of “hot air” is concentrated in a small number of countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, these countries may be able to organize a sellers’ cartel and extract sizable economic rents; and 3. Even in the absence of mandatory emission reduction requirements, US emissions in 2010 may be lower than their business-as-usual baseline because of expectations regarding future regulatory requirements.
COVID-19 Crisis Management at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs): A Contemporary Approach to Governance and Leadership

COVID-19 has forever changed the trajectory of higher education institutions and the delivery of their services, particularly at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). This unprecedented pandemic necessitated HBCUs to undergo rapid, significant alterations to their academic, instructional, and technological infrastructures in order to remain operational and to continually provide students with academic support services and a conducive environment for higher learning. Therefore, how HBCUs approach the strategic transformation of their campus operations with limited resources in order to remain competitive is vital to their organizational continuity. Considering these challenges, this study examined the role of crisis management as well as investigated the efficacy of decision-making processes of the governing boards and leadership at four (4) HBCUs.
Skin Deep Disclosures: Motivations Driving Visible Forms of Disclosure among People Living with a Concealable Stigmatized Identity.

Individuals with invisible disabilities continually undergo decision-making processes regarding whether or not, and if so, how to disclose their disability to others. While a great deal of theoriza...
Prestressed Concrete Girders after 20 Years in Service

An experimental investigation of four prestressed bridge girders was conducted at the University of Minnesota. The girders were standard AASHTO Type III, cast in July 1967, and subsequently placed in an interstate overpass. The girders became available for testing after nearly twenty years of service, when they were removed in 1986. The principal objectives of the investigation were fourfold: (1) to determine the prestress losses incurred over the life of the girders and compare them with those given by code-prescribed equations; (2) to determine the current material properties using nondestructive techniques (NDT) and compare the results with core samples; (3) to examine the performance of the girders under various fatigue loading levels; and (4) to determine the amount of impact damage the girders could sustain before repair is required, and to evaluate the fatigue performance of strand splice and external post-tensioning repair schemes.
Non-ignorable Non-response Models for Time-ordered Categorical Variables

SUMMARY This paper presents an analysis of time-ordered categorical variables with incomplete data. The models allow for either an ignorable or a non-ignorable non-response model and take into account the time ordering of the categorical variables. All the necessary computations can be done with standard statistical software. In addition, we present a Bayesian analysis which uses information from previous years in the priors. The methods are presented in the context of an example, using data from the National Crime Survey. Although this paper deals with two-way tables, the methods are readily extended to higher dimensional tables.
Adaptive Self‐Tuning Fuzzy Controller for a Soft Rehabilitation Machine Actuated by Pneumatic Artificial Muscles

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) have the highest power to weight and power to volume ratios of any actuator. Therefore, they can be used not only in rehabilitation engineering, but also as actuators in robots, including industrial and therapy robots. Because PAMs have highly nonlinear and time‐varying behavior associated with gas compression and the nonlinear elasticity of bladder containers, achieving excellent tracking performance using classical controllers is difficult. An adaptive self‐tuning fuzzy controller (ASTFC) including adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control (AFSMC) and functional approximation (FA) was developed in this study for overcoming the aforementioned problems. The FA technique was used to release the model‐based requirements and the update laws for the coefficients of the Fourier series function parameters were derived using a Lyapunov function to guarantee control system stability. The experimental results verified that the proposed approach can achieve excellent control performance despite external disturbance.
National Survey of Fieldwork Educators: Implications for Occupational Therapy Education

Objective The purpose of this study was to gain information on the current status of fieldwork training facilities to understand facilitators of and barriers to fieldwork education, including fieldwork educators' perceptions of benefits, challenges, and valued supports. Method A descriptive, nonexperimental exploratory design was used. A pilot survey was conducted, and a revised online survey, consisting of 49 items, was distributed nationwide in Fall 2013. Results Opportunity to update practice was the most commonly perceived benefit associated with fieldwork, and workload or time was the greatest perceived challenge. Readiness and high-quality preparation of students by academic programs were the most valued supports. Participants also identified preferred time frames and supervisory models of fieldwork education. Conclusion Interpretation of these data provides valuable information for the profession, notably academic programs, regarding needs and resources to foster collaborative relationships with fieldwork facilities to meet the growing need for fieldwork education.
Structural--functional relationships in experimentally induced brain damage.

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to introduce some of the themes of neuroteratology by tracing its historical connections to the study of somatic malformations. This is most easily done by discussing studies of general teratogens, that is, ones which affect all cells. Antimitotic agents are a classic example of teratogens with general effects. The availability of antisera to growth hormone, growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) and somatostatin, the fact that the feedback loops of this system do not automatically adjust hormone levels to normal, and the fact that the target tissue includes most or all parts of the body. The pattern of growth in the absence of growth hormone is distinctive. In the mouse and rat, growthhormone-deficient animals begin to diverge from normal animals after about two weeks of postnatal life, as seen in mutants such as the dwarf mouse, which lacks somatotropes. One teratological syndrome that appears to exhibit this pattern of growth is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
Moraxella catarrhalis is susceptible to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with Photofrin

Background and Objective Moraxella catarrhalis is a significant cause of pediatric otitis media (OM), which is the most prevalent bacterial infection in children and primary reason for antibiotic administration in this population. Moreover, biofilm formation has been implicated as a primary mechanism of chronic or recurrent OM disease. As bacterial biofilms are inherently resistant to most antibiotics and these complex structures also present a significant challenge to the immune system, there is a clear need to identify novel antimicrobial approaches to treat OM infections. In this study, we evaluated the potential efficacy of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with porfimer sodium (Photofrin (PF)) against planktonic as well as biofilm-associated M. catarrhalis. Materials and Methods The bactericidal activity of aPDT with PF was assessed against multiple recent clinical isolates of M. catarrhalis grown planktonically as well as in biofilms. The bactericidal activity of PF-aPDT was quantified by enumeration of colony forming units post-treatment. The effect of aPDT on M. catarrhalis biofilms was further investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. Results aPDT with PF significantly reduced M. catarrhalis viability. Although PF-aPDT caused higher killing in planktonic grown organisms (5–6 log kill), biofilm grown bacteria also demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in viable organisms (3–4 log decrease in recoverable bacteria) following treatment as compared to saline only controls (P < 0.01). SEM studies indicated the PF-aPDT treated bacteria exhibited prominent morphological changes with visibly distorted cell membranes. Conclusions aPDT with PF elicits significant bactericidal activity against both planktonic and biofilm-associated M. catarrhalis, suggesting this technology warrants further analysis as a potential novel antimicrobial treatment for acute or recurrent OM. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:712–717, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time Resolved Infrared Radiometry for Subsurface Interface Imaging

While most thermal NDE methods concentrate on defect detection and imaging, time-resolved infrared radiometry (TRIR) [1,2,3] has also been used successfully to determine material parameters such as thermal diffusivity and thickness. This has allowed information about material structure such as presence of corrosion, porosity or voids to be obtained. In the TRIR technique, the surface temperature of a sample is monitored via infrared emission during application of a heating pulse from an optical, microwave or induction source. Smaller heating intensities result with this technique as compared to the more common short pulse methods [4,5]. Furthermore, the early time behavior in the temperature-time response allows a self calibration to be performed for each pixel in the image, thus removing emissivity and heating beam intensity variations. The development of infrared focalplane arrays with their full field imaging capabilities at high speeds and current image processing equipment allows the TRIR algorithms which have so far have been used only on single point measurements to be applied to full images.