cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired Renal Vasodilation and Urinary cGMP Excretion in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats

We previously have shown that Dahl salt-sensitive rats increase renal vascular resistance in response to excessive salt feeding before total peripheral resistance increases and hypertension occurs. Failure of renal vasculature to dilate, as normally occurs in Dahl salt-resistant rats fed a high salt diet, may play a role in the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. We also showed that renal vasculature in salt-sensitive rats is hyperreactive to vasoconstrictors and hyporeactive to vasodilators. Atrial natriuretic peptide, by stimulating cell-bound receptors, and nitroprusside, by generating nitric oxide, cause renal vasodilation by generating cGMP. Studies were undertaken to determine whether defective renal vasodilation in Dahl salt-sensitive rats is due to impaired production of cGMP. We examined the influence of nitroprusside infusion and salt intake on renal vascular resistance and cGMP excretion in salt-sensitive rats. Results demonstrate that salt feeding and nitroprusside infusion increase cGMP excretion and decrease renal vascular resistance in salt-resistant rats (P < .01), and, although this relationship was less clear in salt-sensitive rats, there was a reciprocal relationship between renal vascular resistance and cGMP excretion in all animals studied. Salt feeding and nitroprusside infusion caused less of an increase in cGMP excretion in salt-sensitive than in salt-resistant rats (P < .01). In conclusion, these studies support the concept that impairment in cGMP generation may play a primary role in the inability of the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive rats to vasodilate in response to increased salt intake. Such an impairment could contribute to salt retention and the development of hypertension.
An Exploratory Analysis of Gender Differences in Punitiveness in Two Countries

Although social scientists have long studied attitudes toward severity of punishment, theoretically driven, validated measures that gauge a female—male gap in punitiveness are rare and those tested in different countries are even more so. Studies conducted in different geographical locations and/or at different times reveal inconsistent findings on whether such a gap in fact exists and, if so, whether women or men are more punitive. As a result, it is not clear whether individual differences in punitiveness are due to the differences between men and women or to the type of measures used. To address this shortcoming, the current study explored the putative female—male gap in punitiveness by using the same multi-item measure of individual punitiveness with two very different samples, one selected in Georgia (country) and the second in the New York metropolitan area (NYC). The results showed that while females and males were not distinctly different in their views on punishment and sentencing laws in either ...
Modulation of growth factor induced fiber outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by a fibronectin receptor antibody.

Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells respond to the binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by extending neurites in a manner resembling sympathetic neurons. This response requires cell attachment to an appropriate substratum (Fujii et al., J. Neurosci., 2:1157, 1982); attachment factors which function in this capacity include the adhesive proteins fibronectin and laminin. Incubating PC12 cells with a ployclonal antiserum directed against a putative 140-kDa fibroblast cell surface fibronectin receptor (anti-gp140) perturbed spreading but not attachment of the cells to fibronectin and laminin substrates. However, in the presence of anti-gp 140 or its Fab fragments, NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth was dramatically reduced. The antibody also caused a retraction of previously extended neurites. SDS-PAGE analysis of immunoprecipitates of PC12 cells surface labeled with 125I identified a prominent 120–140-kDa band, suggesting that the site of anti-gp 140 action in PC12 cells is also through a fibronectin receptor.
Gut Reactions Moral Conviction, Religiosity, and Trust in Authority

Theory and research point to different ways moral conviction and religiosity connect to trust in political authorities to decide controversial issues of the day. Specifically, we predicted that stronger moral convictions would be associated with greater distrust in authorities such as the U.S. Supreme Court making the "right" decisions regarding controversial issues. Conversely, we predicted that stronger religiosity would be associated with greater trust in authorities. We tested these hypotheses using a survey of a nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 727) that assessed the degree to which people trusted the U.S. Supreme Court to rule on the legal status of physician-assisted suicide. Results indicated that greater religiosity was associated with greater trust in the U.S. Supreme Court to decide this issue, and that stronger moral convictions about physician-assisted suicide were associated with greater distrust in the U.S. Supreme Court to decide this issue. Also, the processes underlying religious trust and distrust based on moral convictions were more quick and visceral than slow and carefully considered.
The effect of weekend and after-hours surgery on morbidity and mortality rates in pediatric neurosurgery patients.

OBJECT Several studies have indicated that the 30-day morbidity and mortality risks are higher among pediatric and adult patients who are admitted on the weekends. This “weekend effect” has been observed among patients admitted with and fora variety of diagnoses and procedures, including myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, stroke, peptic ulcer disease, and pediatric surgery. In this study, morbidity and mortality outcomes for emergency pediatric neurosurgical procedures carried out on the weekend or after hours are compared with emergency surgical procedures performed during regular weekday business hours. METHODS A retrospective analysis of operative data was conducted. Between December 1, 2011, and August 20, 2014, a total of 710 urgent or emergency neurosurgical procedures were performed at Texas Children’s Hospital in children younger than than 18 years of age. These procedures were then stratified into 3 groups: weekday regular hours, weekday after hours, an...
A Proposal for Modeling Intermittent Transitional Pulsatile Flows

The principal requirements in a turbulence model to be valid for the prediction of arterial flows are the ability to capture the consequences of laminar–turbulent transition that occur at various phases of the cardiac cycle and to yield accurate predictions of the wall shear stresses. These requirements are not immediately met by the majority of turbulence models since these have largely been formulated with reference to data from fully turbulent flows in approximate local equilibrium. The purpose of this paper is to report on recent progress in the development of a turbulence model that overcomes some of these limitations. The model is based on the solution of transport equations for two turbulence parameters that are zero–valued at a solid wall and an additional equation for intermittency. Comparisons with measurements obtained in oscillatory transitional flows in circular pipes show substantial improvements over existing closures.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
A Discrete-Time Input $\Delta\Sigma$ ADC Architecture Using a Dual-VCO-Based Integrator

This brief presents a hybrid analog-digital ΔΣ analog-to-digital converter architecture with a pseudodifferential integrator based on current-controlled oscillators (CCOs). Two oscillators driven by differential input signals and followed by digital counters are used to form a quantizer whose output is digitally integrated. This pseudodifferential circuit configuration reduces the relative quantization step size and also improves linearity by canceling even-order distortion. Instead of driving a CCO with a continuous-time current input or a V-I converter, a double-sampled switched-capacitor circuit is used to dump charge packets proportional to the signal voltage into the input of each oscillator. A hybrid analog-digital modulator allows for further signal processing in the digital domain to produce a low-resolution output suitable for a feedback digital-to-analog converter and an all-digital excess-loop-delay compensation feedback path. Simulation results show a signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio of 83.9 dB in a 2-MHz bandwidth.
Soft x-ray absorption cross section of argon determined by a variable absorber technique

The x-ray absorption cross section of argon was measured in the 1.3-3.8-nm wavelength region. To correct for the presence of higher orders in the monochromator output, a variable pressure technique is used. The results are in good agreement with semiempirical calculations and earlier measurements.
Upper Canopy Collection and Identification of Grapevines (Vitis) from Selected Forests in the Southeastern United States

Woody grapevines (Vitis spp.) are common in the deciduous forests of the southeastern United States. Their growth habit makes leaf collection challenging and polymorphic leaves make identification of species difficult. Mature grapevines can grow up to 48 cm in diameter at breast height and reach the upper canopy of trees more than 35 m in height. Leaf morphology is the most readily available character used for species identification. However, most mature grapevines do not produce leaves below the upper canopy and if they do, these leaves are morphologically indistinguishable from other species. In order to sample leaves from mature grapevines, the doubled rope climbing method was used to access the canopy in Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee, Daniel Boone National Forest and Berea College Forest in Kentucky, and Ha Ha Tonka State Park in Missouri. Leaf voucher specimens were collected from the upper canopy and used to create a modified key to species for those regions. The purposes of this paper are to report a new method for collecting grapevine leaf vouchers from the upper canopy of trees, to present a modified key used for identifying dried leaf vouchers of Vitis species, and to present a discussion of the possible utility of this research for future studies.
Speech Emotion Analysis: Exploring the Role of Context

Automated analysis of human affective behavior has attracted increasing attention in recent years. With the research shift toward spontaneous behavior, many challenges have come to surface ranging from database collection strategies to the use of new feature sets (e.g., lexical cues apart from prosodic features). Use of contextual information, however, is rarely addressed in the field of affect expression recognition, yet it is evident that affect recognition by human is largely influenced by the context information. Our contribution in this paper is threefold. First, we introduce a novel set of features based on cepstrum analysis of pitch and intensity contours. We evaluate the usefulness of these features on two different databases: Berlin Database of emotional speech (EMO-DB) and locally collected audiovisual database in car settings (CVRRCar-AVDB). The overall recognition accuracy achieved for seven emotions in the EMO-DB database is over 84% and over 87% for three emotion classes in CVRRCar-AVDB. This is based on tenfold stratified cross validation. Second, we introduce the collection of a new audiovisual database in an automobile setting (CVRRCar-AVDB). In this current study, we only use the audio channel of the database. Third, we systematically analyze the effects of different contexts on two different databases. We present context analysis of subject and text based on speaker/text-dependent/-independent analysis on EMO-DB. Furthermore, we perform context analysis based on gender information on EMO-DB and CVRRCar-AVDB. The results based on these analyses are promising.
Placebo surgery for Parkinson's disease: do the benefits outweigh the risks?

In April 1999, Dr. Curt Freed of the University of Colorado in Denver and Dr. Stanley Fahn of Columbia Presbyterian Center in New York presented the results of a four-year, $5.7 million government-financed study using tissue from aborted fetuses to treat Parkinson’s disease at a conference of the American Academy of Neurology. The results of the first government-financed, placebo-controlled clinical study using fetal tissue showed that the symptoms of some Parkinson’s patients had been relieved. This research study involved forty subjects, nineteen women and twenty-one men; all suffered from Parkinson’s disease for an average of 13.5 years. In the study, each subject underwent neurosurgery: “four tiny burr holes, drilled through the wrinkle lines above the eyebrows into the skull, to clear a pathway to the brain. But only half received injections of fetal cells into the putamen, the region of the brain that controls movement; the other half received nothing. One year later, three members of the placebo group said their symptoms had improved.” In two-thirds of the transplant recipients, the fetal tissue took hold and seemed to establish a new network to produce the missing neurochemical dopamine.
Accurate solution of the Orr–Sommerfeld stability equation

The Orr-Sommerfeld equation is solved numerically using expansions in Chebyshev polynomials and the QR matrix eigenvalue algorithm. It is shown that results of great accuracy are obtained very economically. The method is applied to the stability of plane Poiseuille flow; it is found that the critical Reynolds number is 5772·22. It is explained why expansions in Chebyshev polynomials are better suited to the solution of hydrodynamic stability problems than expansions in other, seemingly more relevant, sets of orthogonal functions.
A Higher-Complex Carbohydrate Diet in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Achieves Glucose Targets and Lowers Postprandial Lipids: A Randomized Crossover Study

OBJECTIVE The conventional diet approach to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) advocates carbohydrate restriction, resulting in higher fat (HF), also a substrate for fetal fat accretion and associated with maternal insulin resistance. Consequently, there is no consensus about the ideal GDM diet. We hypothesized that, compared with a conventional, lower-carbohydrate/HF diet (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% protein), consumption of a higher-complex carbohydrate (HCC)/lower-fat (LF) Choosing Healthy Options in Carbohydrate Energy (CHOICE) diet (60/25/15%) would result in 24-h glucose area under the curve (AUC) profiles within therapeutic targets and lower postprandial lipids. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a randomized, crossover design, we provided 16 GDM women (BMI 34 ± 1 kg/m2) with two 3-day isocaloric diets at 31 ± 0.5 weeks (washout between diets) and performed continuous glucose monitoring. On day 4 of each diet, we determined postprandial (5 h) glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acids (FFAs) following a controlled breakfast meal. RESULTS There were no between-diet differences for fasting or mean nocturnal glucose, but 24-h AUC was slightly higher (∼6%) on the HCC/LF CHOICE diet ( P = 0.02). The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) revealed modestly higher 1- and 2-h postprandial glucose on CHOICE (1 h, 115 ± 2 vs. 107 ± 3 mg/dL, P ≤ 0.01; 2 h, 106 ± 3 vs. 97 ± 3 mg/dL, P = 0.001) but well below current targets. After breakfast, 5-h glucose and insulin AUCs were slightly higher ( P < 0.05), TG AUC was no different, but the FFA AUC was significantly lower (∼19%; P ≤ 0.01) on the CHOICE diet. CONCLUSIONS This highly controlled study randomizing isocaloric diets and using a CGMS is the first to show that liberalizing complex carbohydrates and reducing fat still achieved glycemia below current treatment targets and lower postprandial FFAs. This diet strategy may have important implications for preventing macrosomia.
The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis

The LysE superfamily consists of transmembrane transport proteins that catalyze export of amino acids, lipids and heavy metal ions. Statistical means were used to show that it includes newly identified families including transporters specific for (1) tellurium, (2) iron/lead, (3) manganese, (4) calcium, (5) nickel/cobalt, (6) amino acids, and (7) peptidoglycolipids as well as (8) one family of transmembrane electron carriers. Internal repeats and conserved motifs were identified, and multiple alignments, phylogenetic trees and average hydropathy, amphipathicity and similarity plots provided evidence that all members of the superfamily derived from a single common 3-TMS precursor peptide via intragenic duplication. Their common origin implies that they share common structural, mechanistic and functional attributes. The transporters of this superfamily play important roles in ionic homeostasis, cell envelope assembly, and protection from excessive cytoplasmic heavy metal/metabolite concentrations. They thus influence the physiology and pathogenesis of numerous microbes, being potential targets of drug action.
Ground-penetrating Radar Soil Suitability Maps

The USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) has developed groundpenetrating radar (GPR) soil suitability maps (GPRSSM) for most areas of the USA at different scales and levels of resolution.
The Covert Design of The Brothers Karamazov: Alesha's Pathology and Dialectic

A future revolutionary, Alesha Karamazov is, at nineteen, an inexperienced boy who lives in a monastery and who has been considered strange since birth. Fedor Dostoevskii endows him with hysteria—then a serious psychopathology with convulsions that were clinically seen as analogous to epilepsy, the morbus sacer from which Dostoevskii himself suffered. Recognized as an epidemic problem, hysteria in this novel is elaborately deployed as a symbol of Russia's social ills and the underlying cause of farreaching personality changes in Alesha (for better or worse), preparing him for a heroic destiny. Although hysteria was soon altered and later eliminated as a clinical syndrome, James L. Rice enables us to read the novel for the first time in the light of documented medical history.
Elevated extracellular volume and arterial stiffness are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive heart disease

Background: To determine interconnection between serum none heme iron levels and different functional classes of chronic heart failure (CHF) in hypertensives with anemia. Methods: This study included 79 hypertensives (28 male, 51 female; age 53.11 7.97 years) with CHF Class II-III NYHA with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF >50%). All patients were divided into 2 groups accordingly to the presence symptoms and signs of anemia: 24 patients without anemia (group I) and 55 patients with anemia (group II). There were patients with CHF Class II (NYHA) (subgroup A) and CHF Class III (subgroup B) in each group. Complete blood count [haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocytes (Er)], serum iron, ferritin and transferrin levels by ELISA methods were measured. Control group consisted of 20 healthy people. Results: Patients in group I have normal blood Hb and Er levels in the range of 123.71 7.42 g/L and 4.27 0.69 1012/L vs. 120.35 2.05 g/L and 3.79 0.93 1012/L in the control group (p>0.05). Patients in group II have Hb and Er levels lower by 26.19% and 28.98% accordingly vs. the control group (p0.05). In group IB serum iron, ferritin and transferrin levels were lower by 19.95%; 22.32% and 10.12% accordingly vs. the patients in group IA (p<0.05). In group IIA serum iron, ferritin and transferrin levels were equal to 10.56 3.88 mmol/L; 61.14 8.26 mcU/L and 2.18 0.18 g/L accordingly and were lover vs. group IA and IB (p<0.05). In group IIB serum iron, ferritin and transferrin levels were lower by 25.37%; 12.87% and 16.05% accordingly vs. the patients in group IIA (p<0.05). Conclusions: The serum non heme iron levels depend on the functional class of CHF. There is a necessity to identify the iron deficiency states by measuring not only the indexes of serum iron, but also ferritin and transferrin levels. Serum concentration of none heme iron is useful marker in the diagnostic and treatment effectiveness of anemia in hypertensives with CHF.
The Importance of Considering Sex Differences in Translational Stroke Research

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and differences between men and women have been documented in incidence, prevalence, and outcome. Here, we reviewed the literature on sex differences in stroke severity, mortality, functional outcome, and response to therapies after ischemic stroke. Many of the sex differences in stroke severity and mortality are explained by differences in baseline demographics such as older age in women. However, women account for more stroke deaths, consistently suffer from worse stroke outcomes, and are more often institutionalized and permanently disabled than men. These sex differences in functional outcome are equalized after treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and women may benefit more from treatment than men. However, this may depend on race, as African-American women have less of a response to tPA than other groups. Regarding endovascular treatments, the few existing studies that have investigated sex differences in stroke outcome point to equal benefit in both sexes; however, many clinical trials are relatively underpowered to detect sex differences. Further, we considered sex-specific effects in animal models of stroke and present recommendations for the performance of stroke studies in female animals. The male-biased use of research animals is distinguished from the clinical situation where there is a disproportionate and growing female stroke population. Stroke in women is greatly understudied, and including both sexes is especially important in both preclinical and clinical studies that evaluate potential stroke therapies.
Innovation in Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care: An Exponential Convergence Toward Transformation of Care.

The word innovation is derived from the Latin noun innovatus, meaning renewal or change. Although companies such as Google and Apple are nearly synonymous with innovation, virtually all sectors in our current lives are imbued with yearn for innovation. This has led to organizational focus on innovative strategies as well as recruitment of chief innovation officers and teams in a myriad of organizations. At times, however, the word innovation seems like an overused cliche, as there are now more than 5,000 books in print with the word "innovation" in the title. More recently, innovation has garnered significant attention in health care. The future of health care is expected to innovate on a large scale in order to deliver sustained value for an overall transformative care. To date, there are no published reports on the state of the art in innovation in pediatric health care and in particular, pediatric cardiac intensive care. This report will address the issue of innovation in pediatric medicine with relevance to cardiac intensive care and delineate possible future directions and strategies in pediatric cardiac intensive care.
Diagnostic model of crack for tunnel lining based on gray and catastrophe theories

In order to evaluate the stability of crack for tunnel lining by using finite monitoring data,wavelet transform was applied to analyze the monitoring data of cracks for tunnel lining,the high frequency part caused by environmental change and test error was eliminated,and the low frequency part caused by surrounding rock pressure variation was kept,thus,the timedependent deformation of lining crack was decomposed.The GM(1,1)gray prediction model of time-dependent deformation of lining crack was built based on gray theory to predict the later development of lining crack by using early monitoring data.The stability criterion of lining crack was established based on the equilibrium conditions of cusp catastrophe model.The diagnostic model of lining crack was established based on gray and catastrophe theories,and two typical lining cracks were analyzed based on the model.Analysis result indicates that the stability criterion values of two cracks are larger than 0,so,they do not meet the instability condition.The measuredvariations of crack widths are less than 0.2 mm,the variation rates are less than 0.002 mm·d-1,which shows that two cracks are basically stable.Obviously,this diagnostic model can predict the development tendency of lining cracks correctly.6figs,19 refs.
Research on Subfamily Olethreutinae Resources of Baxianshan Nature Reserve(Jixian County,Tianjin,China)

Olethreutinae belongs to Tortricidae of Lepidoptera,comprising about 4 385 species worldwide.Many Olethreutinae members are important pests on agriculture,forestry and fruit trees.The research of the subfamily has much economic significance.In this paper,12 species of the subfamily are recorded through two researches of Baxianshan Nature Reserve in July and September,2006.Among them,8 species are described as the new in Tianjin.For each species,the detail references,host plants and the distribution at home and abroad are given.
Quantitating Defective Ribosome Products

The fidelity of the protein production process is monitored by quality control machinery, which ensures that aberrant proteins are not deployed throughout the cell. A significant fraction (upwards of 30%) of proteins are degraded by proteasomes shortly after their synthesis, and we have termed such proteins defective ribosomal proteins (DRiPs). It is of interest and importance to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively this cohort of rapidly degraded nascent proteins. Quantitating DRiPs entails employing a standard pulse-chase protocol using radiolabeled amino acids. Protein degradation kinetics can be determined by either acid precipitation or SDS-PAGE. The introduction of proteasome inhibitors enables quantitation of proteasome-mediated protein degradation in vivo.
β-Phenylethylamine Requires the Dopamine Transporter to Release Dopamine in Caenorhabditis elegans

Previous data showed that β-phenylethylamine (βPEA) causes short-lasting behavioral effects in mammals likely by increasing the concentration of extracellular dopamine. However, the mechanism through which βPEA releases dopamine has not been completely elucidated yet. Recent data showed that βPEA causes behavioral and in vitro effects in Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) as well. In cells transfected with the C. elegans dopamine transporter, βPEA-induced increase of extracellular dopamine is completely blocked by RTI-55, a cocaine homolog and dopamine transporter inhibitor. Interestingly, in C. elegans neuronal cultures, RTI-55 only partly inhibits the effect of βPEA, suggesting that in native systems other mechanisms are required by βPEA to increase extracellular dopamine. Amperometric recordings demonstrated that βPEA causes oxidative currents, that is, dopamine release, only in a subset of dopaminergic neurons. βPEA, however, did not generate oxidative currents in neurons isolated from mutants that do not express the dopamine transporter. Moreover, the increase in extracellular dopamine by βPEA does not involve the monoamine vesicles as genetic ablation of cat-1 , the C. elegans homolog of the vesicular monoamine transporter, had no effect on the ability of βPEA to increase extracellular dopamine. Taken together, these data suggest that βPEA releases dopamine in the synaptic cleft via the dopamine transporter.
Scalable nearest neighbor based hierarchical change detection framework for crop monitoring

Monitoring biomass over large geographic regions for changes in vegetation and cropping patterns is important for many applications. Changes in vegetation happen due to reasons ranging from climate change and damages to new government policies and regulations. Remote sensing imagery (multi-spectral and multi-temporal) is widely used in change pattern mapping studies. Existing bi-temporal change detection techniques are better suited for multi-spectral images and time series based techniques are more suited for analyzing multi-temporal images. A key contribution of this work is to define change as hierarchical rather than boolean. Based on this definition of change pattern, we developed a novel time series similarity based change detection framework for identifying inter-annual changes by exploiting phenological properties of growing crops from satellite time series imagery. The proposed framework consists of three components: hierarchical clustering tree construction, nearest neighbor based classification, and change detection using similarity hierarchy. Though the proposed approach is unsupervised, we present evaluation using manually induced change regions embedded in the real dataset. We compare our method with the widely used K-Means clustering and evaluation shows that K-Means over-detects changes in comparison to our proposed method.
Evaluation of multiwalled carbon nanotube cytotoxicity in cultures of human brain microvascular endothelial cells grown on plastic or basement membrane

There is a growing interest in the use of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to treat diseases of the brain. Little is known about the effects of MWCNTs on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), which make up the blood vessels in the brain. In our studies, we evaluate the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs and acid oxidized MWNCTs, with or without a phospholipid-polyethylene glycol coating. We determined the cytotoxic effects of MWCNTs on both tissue-mimicking cultures of HBMECs grown on basement membrane and on monolayer cultures of HBMECs grown on plastic. We also evaluated the effects of MWCNT exposure on the capacity of HBMECs to form rings after plating on basement membrane, a commonly used assay to evaluate angiogenesis. We show that tissue-mimicking cultures of HBMECs are less sensitive to all types of MWCNTs than monolayer cultures of HBMECs. Furthermore, we found that MWCNTs have little impact on the capacity of HBMECs to form rings. Our results indicate that relative cytotoxicity of MWCNTs is significantly affected by the type of cell culture model used for testing, and supports further research into the use of tissue-mimicking endothelial cell culture models to help bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo toxicology.
Abstract 4143: Mastl, a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer

Combining chemoradiation with agents that modulate tumor-specific pathways such as cell cycle checkpoints has shown immense promise in preclinical and clinical studies. To ensure that only healthy cells proliferate, checkpoints have evolved that induce cell-cycle arrest in response to the detection of defects that may have arisen during DNA replication or other steps leading to mitosis. The G2/M checkpoint Mastl in mammals (and Greatwall in Xenopus and Drosophila) prevents cells from premature entry into mitosis, and thus minimizes chromosome mis-segregation. Our preliminary data demonstrate that Mastl not only plays a key role in regulating cell cycle and mitosis but also regulates key oncogenic signaling pathways and assists therapy resistance in cancer cells. Interestingly, genetic elimination of Mastl expression in vivo compromised survival in young mice, however, only mild alterations were found when deleted in adult mice. Here we show using two clinical and genomic databases using a total of 265 patient samples that Mastl expression increases in colon cancer across all cancer stages compared with the normal colon tissue (P Additional studies, where colon cancer cells were subjected to 5-FU treatment sharply induced Mastl expression and combinational therapy using 5FU and (targeting) Mastl resulted in significantly increased death among these cells (P>0.0025; versus control). Taken together, we here report a novel and previously undescribed role of Mastl in colon cancer progression, malignancy and therapy resistance potentially by regulating cell survival in manners dependent on β-catenin/c-Myc/Survivin/Bcl-xl signaling. Citation Format: JayaPrakash Uppada, SaiPrasad Gowrikumar, Rizwan Ahmad, Steven Chen, J Joshua Smith, Amar B. Singh, Punita Dhawan. Mastl, a novel therapeutic target in colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4143
Lipotoxicity in Non-parenchymal Liver Cells

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) includes lipotoxic injury to the liver with alterations in cell death, activation, and function for hepatocytes as well as non-parenchymal liver cells. Non-parenchymal cells in the liver include cholangiocytes, Kupffer cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. This chapter will discuss the activation and killing of non-parenchymal cells in NASH, especially related to lipid mediators. Evidence of cell death of cholangiocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells will be discussed as well as activation of Kupffer and stellate cells. Induction of Kupffer and/or stellate cell apoptosis as a potential therapeutic strategy (as yet unrealized) is covered. In contrast, preserving survival of cholangiocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells in NASH (as well as hepatocytes, covered elsewhere) would potentially help limit liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis.
Probing the interface strain in a 3D-2D van der Waals heterostructure

The interaction at a van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial interface is perceived to be too weak to induce substantial elastic strain in films due to the weak nature of dipole-dipole interactions. Recent research on discovering giant strain in vdW heterostructures in 2D-2D configurations has reformed such an understanding. In this letter, the study on strain was extended to the regime of 3D-2D vdW heterostructures. Using temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy, the strain behaviors were revealed, through the change of phonon frequency, at a vdW epitaxial interface of CdS-mica. Although the interface was free of interactions for relatively thick CdS films, it was found that at least 0.4% strain can be borne at the interface when the film was only 6 nm thick and the strain was estimated to be 1.2% if a two-monolayer can be grown. The finding suggests that non-trivial strain could be enabled in 3D-2D vdW heterostructures if the thickness can be well-controlled, providing an avenue for strain engineering. This work ...
A Mobile Health Platform for Clinical Monitoring in Early Psychosis: Implementation in Community-Based Outpatient Early Psychosis Care

Background: A growing body of literature indicates that smartphone technology is a feasible add-on tool in the treatment of individuals with early psychosis (EP) . However, most studies to date have been conducted independent of outpatient care or in a research clinic setting, often with financial incentives to maintain user adherence to the technology. Feasibility of dissemination and implementation of smartphone technology into community mental health centers (CMHCs) has yet to be tested, and whether young adults with EP will use this technology for long periods of time without incentive is unknown. Furthermore, although EP individuals willingly adopt smartphone technology as part of their treatment, it remains unclear whether providers are amenable to integrating smartphone technology into treatment protocols. Objective: This study aimed to establish the feasibility of implementing a smartphone app and affiliated Web-based dashboard in 4 community outpatient EP clinics in Northern California. Methods: EP individuals in 4 clinics downloaded an app on their smartphone and responded to daily surveys regarding mood and symptoms for up to 5 months. Treatment providers at the affiliated clinics viewed survey responses on a secure Web-based dashboard in sessions with their clients and between appointments. EP clients and treatment providers filled out satisfaction surveys at study end regarding usability of the app. Results: Sixty-one EP clients and 20 treatment providers enrolled in the study for up to 5 months. Forty-one EP clients completed the study, and all treatment providers remained in the study for their duration in the clinic. Survey completion for all 61 EP clients was moderate: 40% and 39% for daily and weekly surveys, respectively. Completion rates were slightly higher in the participants who completed the study: 44% and 41% for daily and weekly surveys, respectively. Twenty-seven of 41 (66%) EP clients who completed the study and 11 of 13 (85%) treatment providers who responded to satisfaction surveys reported they would continue to use the app as part of treatment services. Six (15%; 6/41) clients and 3 providers (23%; 3/13) stated that technological glitches impeded their engagement with the platform. Conclusions: EP clients and treatment providers in community-based outpatient clinics are responsive to integrating smartphone technology into treatment services. There were logistical and technical challenges associated with enrolling individuals in CMHCs. To be most effective, implementing smartphone technology in CMHC EP care necessitates adequate technical staff and support for utilization of the platform.
THE HOW AND WHY OF THE MOVEMENT SYSTEM AS THE IDENTITY OF PHYSICAL THERAPY.

The Movement System was adopted as the identity of physical therapy as one of the 8 guiding principles accompanying the Vision Statement of 2013. At its inception physical therapy was considered more of a technical field rather than that of a professional field. Physicians were to diagnose the patient's problem and the therapist was to follow the prescription provided by the physician with the primary purpose being to relieve symptoms such as pain or muscle weakness. Even by the 1960's, the prescription became more of a referral and there was recognition that therapists were making decisions about the patient's treatment and discharge disposition. The role of the physical therapist in pathokinesiologic problems has been well accepted over the years but as insights are gained about the role of movement in musculoskeletal pain, the concept of kinesiopathologic problems is being defined. Whether the movement dysfunction is from a pathokinesiologic or a kinesiopathologic mechanisms, the underlying physiologic process is movement which is the composite action of the movement system. This article provides a brief discussion of the steps leading to promotion of the identity and the reasons that further defining and promoting the movement system as the body system for which physical therapists are responsible is necessary for the full recognition of the profession. As suggested by the kinesiopathologic concept of movement inducing pathology, physical therapists can address the cause of musculoskeletal problems and not just symptoms or consequences such as the pathoanatomic problem. Level of Evidence: 5
Rating Procedures for Improving Identification of Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events When Using Checklist Measures

ABSTRACTAlthough interviews provide the best assessment of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), their use is not always feasible in research or clinical settings when time and other resources are scarce. Relying alternatively on checklists to identify PTE histories is problematic, however, as they will overestimate PTE rates. Thus, this study aimed to develop new rating procedures that could be used quickly and easily to enhance the accuracy of PTE assessment when use of interviews is prohibitive. A large (N = 640) college sample completed a PTE checklist and follow-up questions designed to gather details about each endorsed event. The new rating procedures were applied to follow up responses, allowing comparison of participants with PTE histories identified by (1) checklist alone and (2) the new rating procedures. Results indicated that the new rating procedures were efficient and demonstrated adequate-to-good inter-rater reliability for all trauma types. The checklist substantially overestimated the PTE...
Percutaneous salvage of a thrombosed immature arteriovenous fistula using a long segment stent graft across the juxta-anastomotic and outflow vein

The role for stent grafting in the juxta-anastomotic segment for nonmaturing arteriovenous (AV) fistulas is not well understood. We report a case in which a long segment stent-graft of nearly the entire venous limb of a brachiocephalic AV fistula was stented to salvage an access that would likely otherwise have been abandoned. The patient went on to mature his fistula 3 months later and access it for hemodialysis through percutaneous puncture of the stent graft.
Dynamic Failure Investigation in Ultrafine Grained AA2219: Mechanical and Microstructural Analysis

In this study, the high strain rate behavior of ultrafine grained (UFG) AA2219 alloy processed via multi axial forging at cryogenic temperature was investigated. Room temperature forged sample was used as a reference to determine the effects of significant grain size refinement on the dynamic response of the materials. The initial microstructure characterization indicated that severe plastic deformation in the cryogenically process alloy resulted in its grain size reduction to ~ 270 nm and the second phase breakage to finer particles. The results of the dynamic impact tests show that the strain hardening and thermal softening are substantially less significant in the UFG materials, whereas the maximum flow stress and the strain rate sensitivity increased. Furthermore, the grain size reduction led to the absorption of higher portion of the deformation energy and an increase in the toughness of the fabricated UFG material when compared to the conventionally forged samples. This improvement is approximately 56% at a strain rate of 4000 s−1 obtained via the grain structure refinement. Microstructure analysis of the post-deformed samples revealed two fully transformed adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) in the coarser grained material due to intense localized strain and thermal instability during the impact tests which caused the pushing off of the second phases and cracks formation inside the ASBs. However, low-intensity deformed ASBs and a notable enhancement in crack initiation strength were observed by morphology and final configuration of the post-deformed UFG samples. In addition, no considerable hardness variations were experienced in the impacted UFG material due to the saturation of grain size during the cryogenically forging process. In contrary to the UFG alloys, significant hardness increase was observed in the deformed coarse grained material which was associated with softening in the adjacent regions providing a zone prone to cracks initiation.
An indolent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with psammoma bodies and a coincidental neuroendocrine tumor

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a very aggressive neoplasm with a low survival rate, comprising the majority of pancreatic malignancies. Psammoma bodies have rarely been reported in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and their clinicopathologic significance is unclear. In this report we will discuss a case of a very slow-growing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma arising in the neck/body with a coincidental neuroendocrine tumor in the tail. Prominent psammoma bodies are observed in the ductal carcinoma (absent in the neuroendocrine tumor). The presence of psammoma bodies within an indolent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is very unusual and suggests a possible association with a favorable clinical course. Further study would be warranted to make a firm conclusion.
Fully-Tensorial Modeling of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Photonic Waveguides

A thorough study of elastic waves in waveguides, taking into account the full tensorial nature of the stiffness tensor, is presented in the context of stimulated Brillouin scattering. Various approximations of the elastic wave equation used in the stimulated Brillouin scattering literature are implemented and their validity and applicability are discussed. The developed elastic wave mode-solver is also coupled with an electromagnetic counterpart to study the influence of elastic anisotropies on Brillouin gain.
Papaya Ringspot Virus Isolates From Papaya in Bangladesh: Detection, Characterization, and Distribution

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the major constraint to papaya (Carica papaya) production in Bangladesh. Disease symptoms occurred in 90 to 100% of the plants surveyed. Full-length genomes of PRSV strains from severely infected papaya plants were determined using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform, followed by Sanger DNA sequencing of viral genomes obtained by reverse-transcription PCR(RT-PCR). The genome sequences of two distinct PRSV strains, PRSV BD-1 (10,300 bp) and PRSV BD-2 (10,325 bp) were 74 and 83% identical to each other, respectively, at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. PRSV BD-1 and PRSV BD-2 were 74 to 75% and 79 to 88% identical, respectively, to other full-length PRSV sequences at the nucleotide level. Based on phylogenetic analysis, PRSV BD-2 was most closely related to PRSV-Meghalaya (MF356497) from papaya in India. PRSV BD-1 formed a branch distinct from the other PRSV sequences based on nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons. Comparisons of the genome sequences of these two strains with other sequenced PRSV genomes indicated two putative recombination events in PRSV BD-2. One recombinant event contained a 2,766-nucleotide fragment highly identical to PRSV-Meghalaya (MF356497). The other recombinant event contained a 5,105-nucleotide fragment highly identical to PRSV-China (KY933061). The occurrence rates of PRSV BD-1 and PRSV BD-2 in the sampled areas of Bangladesh were approximately 19 and 69%, respectively. Plants infected with both strains (11%) exhibited more severe symptoms than plants infected with either strain alone. The full-length genome sequences of these new PRSV strains and their distribution provide important information regarding the dynamics of papaya ringspot virus infections in papaya in Bangladesh.
An Ecological Model of Environmental Justice for Recreation

Socioeconomic and racial-ethnic inequities in access to recreation settings are widely considered environmental justice (EJ) issues. Researchers in leisure, geography, urban planning, and other dis...
Improving hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells through hydraulic connection with thermoelectric generators

Abstract Using alternative power sources to drive hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) is important to implementation of MEC technology. Herein, thermoelectric generators (TEG) were to power MECs using simulated waste heat. With the MEC anolyte as a cold source for TEG, current generation of the MEC increased to 2.46 ± 0.06 mA and hydrogen production reached 0.14 m3 m−3 d-1, higher than those of the TEG-MEC system without hydraulic connection (1.16 ± 0.07 mA and 0.07 ± 0.01 m3 m−3 d-1). A high recirculation rate of 30 mL min-1 doubled both current generation and hydrogen production with 10 mL min-1, benefited from a stronger cooling effect that increased the TEG voltage output. However, the optimal recirculation rate was determined as 20 mL min-1 because of comparable performance but potentially less energy requirement. Reducing anolyte hydraulic retention time to 4 h has increased hydrogen production to 0.25 ± 0.05 m3 m−3 d-1 but decreased organic removal efficiency to 69 ± 2%. Adding three more TEG units that captured more heat energy further enhanced hydrogen production to 0.36 m3 m−3 d-1. Those results have demonstrated a successful integration of TEG with MEC through both electrical and hydraulic connections for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy recovery.