cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tectonic implications of finite strain variations in Baraboo-interval quartzites (ca. 1700 Ma), Mazatzal orogen, Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA

Abstract Variably deformed Baraboo-interval quartzites (1750–1630 Ma) are now correlated by detrital zircon ages [Holm, D., Schneider, D., Coath, C.D., 1998. Age and deformation of Early Proterozoic quartzites in the southern Lake Superior region: implications for extent of foreland deformation during final assembly of Laurentia. Geology 26, 907–910] and were analyzed using finite strain techniques which document a SE–NW tectonic shortening orientation from the Baraboo syncline (south) to the Flambeau syncline (north). Fabric interpretations using bedding and the principal strain axis orientations indicate there was a mix of layer-parallel and layer-normal (synfolding) shortening in the plane of tectonic transport (SE–NW) in the thrust belt. Finite strain magnitudes increase from the foreland Barron–Sioux quartzites south toward the Baraboo syncline. Electron backscatter device (EBSD) fabric diagrams (pole figures) of quartz optic axes also demonstrate an increasingly penetrative strain to the south. Anisotropy of [low-field ac] magnetic susceptibility (AMS), as a strain proxy, preserve Kmin measurements in the Baraboo syncline quartzites that are sub-horizontal, E–W and intersect bedding. AMS measurements in underlying rhyolite on opposite limbs of the Baraboo syncline are clean, appear to be primary (magmatic) as Kmax intersects bedding, but require a complex folding interpretation that is inconsistent with field kinematic indicators. The flat-lying foreland Barron and Sioux Quartzites preserve a mix of results: quartzites with no strain (finite strain and EBSD measurements) or small strains that preserve vertical shortening. AMS measurements in the foreland preserve Kmin axes that are sub-horizontal and parallel to the regional shortening orientation in the adjacent thrust belt. The Mazatzal orogen produced a thrust belt that is orders of magnitude wider (∼500 km) and of higher metamorphic grade, than most thrust belts, where both the thrust belt and foreland are quartzites.
Complex consequences: Substituent effects on metal⋯arylmethylium interactions

Abstract Metal complexation to aryl (Ph, Cp, cyclobutadienyl) methylium cations, radicals, and anions was investigated using hybrid density functional theory methods (B3LYP/LANL2DZ), with a focus on the effects of substituents. The results of these calculations, in which both geometric and energetic consequences of adding substituents were examined, indicate that metal–methylium interactions are most sensitive to substituent effects for complexed cations.
Endothelin-1 Stimulates Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation Through Activation of Protein Kinase C

After myocardial ischemia, circulating levels of the mitogen endothelin-1 (ET-1) increase. The effects of ET-1 on cardiac fibroblasts are poorly characterized. Therefore we examined the influence of ET-1 on cardiac fibroblast proliferation with a view to elucidating the signal transduction mechanisms underlying this effect. ET-1 (10 n m) stimulated [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation in cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, consistent with its activity as a mitogen. We examined the role of protein kinase C (PKC) on this function. Inhibition of PKC activation with either chelerythrine (1 microm) or staurosporine (1 n m) attenuated ET-1-induced increases in DNA synthesis and cell number. Downregulation of PKC by chronic pretreatment with 10 n m phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also prevented ET-1-induced mitogenesis. In contrast to previous reports that cardiac fibroblast proliferation stimulated by angiotensin II acts independently of PKC, the ET-1 mediated mitogenic effect requires activation of PKC in these cells. Findings in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts were identical. In addition, we noted that concurrent treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta which, like ET-1, is released after myocardial ischemia, attenuated the ET-1-induced increases in DNA synthesis and cell number. This effect was not mediated through a nitric oxide synthase pathway.
Distributed sliding mode control design for a class of positive compartmental systems

We concern ourselves with flow control of a class of positive compartmental systems, which represent interconnected networks of reservoirs and the flow of material between these reservoirs. Using a sliding mode control approach, we design controllers which, using only knowledge of the amount of material in their own section and the flow out of the network, match a desired throughput profile between the inlet and outlet ports. One of the advantages of this control strategy is that, since it is not required that each section have knowledge of the states of all other sections, it requires only a limited amount of communication between sections. Exploiting the particular compartmental structure of the system, we give proofs of asymptotic stability of the control scheme, along with an upper bound on the time needed for the tracking error to fall below a prescribed level. We also analyze the role of the positivity constraints on the state and control variables of the system on closed-loop performance.
ADAM/DDD-an application-specific database design tool for dynamic distributed decision-making

A dynamic distributed decision-making (DDD) environment for US Naval command and control is being utilized for experimentation on the cooperation of human decision-makers as they attempt to attain common goals. ADAM/DDD is a design tool that promotes the specification of a complete and accurate scenario for a given experiment. From conceptually structured designs, ADAM/DDD generates the information and facts that are required to conduct an experiment. Whenever updates are made to the scenario, ADAM/DDD automatically cascades each change throughout the scenario to all other appropriate or relevant data values in a process referred to as propagation. The authors report on ADAM/DDD, focusing on its support for propagation. >
Measurement of Temperature and Reaction Species in the Cathode Diffusion Layer of a Free-Convection Fuel Cell

Micron- and millimeter-scale sensors were employed to acquire first-of-their-kind experimental measurements of the spatial and temporal distributions of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and relative humidity in the mass transport layer immediately above the planar, horizontal cathode of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell PEMFC driven by natural convection. The sensors provide approximately 1 mm or better spatial resolution and 1 s temporal resolution. Substantial changes in temperature and reaction species concentrations were observed with increasing current density during a current-voltage I‐V scan. A linear decrease in oxygen partial pressure and a linear increase in water vapor partial pressure were observed with increasing current density, consistent with a flux balance analysis. Spatially resolved profiles normal to the surface indicate that thermal and reaction species gradients extend up to 6 mm above the horizontal cathode surface. Complementary horizontal profiles parallel to the surface reveal that the cell’s cathode rib structure visibly influences oxygen distribution. Most significantly, these data show that thermal and species concentration effects are not confined to the gas diffusion layer GDL, but extend well beyond the cathode surface, into the surrounding space. The measurements were used to estimate diffusion and/or convection mass transfer coefficients above the cathode surface. Transient data reveal substantial differences in the time constants associated with oxygen, water, and heat transport. The insights provided by this study should prove useful to inform and validate future physical models of air-breathing fuel cell systems. © 2007 The Electrochemical Society. DOI: 10.1149/1.2752971 All rights reserved. Passive air breathing fuel cells rely on natural convection to deliver oxidant and remove water and heat from the cathode surface. During operation, heat and water production and oxygen consumption give rise to temperature and concentration gradients above the cathode surface. These gradients induce changes in air density, thus driving the natural convection process. Although these coupled mass and heat transfer processes play a crucial role in determining performance, they have not been studied carefully in the context of passive air breathing fuel cell systems.
LEARNING FROM LAZARUS: THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY LUTHERAN ART OF DYING

The story of the Rich Man and Lazarus is the foundation upon which German composers of the seventeenth century experimented with longer musical forms. Composers interpolate new poetic material to a higher degree than with any other scriptural story, apart from the Passion. Additions to the story range from simple funeral songs for Lazarus to elaborate contrapuntal drinking songs for the Rich Man and his five brothers. We would expect the meaning imposed on the story in musical settings to be in line with local theology and exegesis. However, a close look at musical settings reveals how much they diverge from common theological explications. Onto the story of poverty, wealth, mercy and the fate of the soul are welded other topoi of Lutheran theology, including vanitas, penitence and the art of dying (Sterbekunst or ars moriendi), which effectively reinterpret the story in a direction not typically undertaken by writers of sermons and devotional volumes.
Regional cerebral blood flow with manual internal cardiac massage versus direct mechanical ventricular assistance.

Study hypothesis: Previous studies have not discerned the best method for generating regional cerebral blood flow during internal cardiac massage. We hypothesized that regional cerebral blood flow generated by a mechanical method — direct mechanical ventricular assistance (DMVA) — would be superior to manual internal cardiac massage (MAN). Study population: Twelve adult Yucatan minipigs weighing more than 44 kg each were studied. Methods: Swine were instrumented for regional cerebral blood flow measurements using tracer microspheres. After 15 minutes of ventricular fibrillation, swine were randomized to receive either MAN or DMVA. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured during normal sinus rhythm and at one minute (VF-1) and six minutes (VF-2) after initiation of circulatory support Regional cerebral blood flow values were compared using a Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: During VF-1, there was a tendency for DMVA to produce greater regional cerebral blood flow than MAN, although these differences were not statistically significant (DMVA vs MAN as mL/min/100 g): cerebral cortex, 28 versus 11; cerebellum, 49 versus 22; midbrain, 43 versus 16; pons, 55 versus 18; medulla, 55 versus 19; and spinal cord, 33 versus 10. During VF-2, DMVA produced greater regional cerebral blood flows than were produced by MAN: cerebral cortex, 39 versus 12 ( P P P P P P Conclusion: DMVA produces greater regional cerebral blood flow than is produced during MAN after 15 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. DMVA is effective at maintaining regional cerebral blood flow after a prolonged cardiac arrest.
A New Cryptic Species of Diatraea (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Crambinae) Feeding on Eastern Gama Grass and a Novel Host Association with a Braconid (Hymenoptera) in the United States

ABSTRACT A new species, Diatraea mitteri Solis, that had been residing cryptically as Diatraea crambidoides (Grote), feeding on eastern gama grass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L., is described. D. crambidoides occurs in the southern United States and Mexico and is an economic pest of corn (Zea mays L.). It has been reported to also feed on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Persoon), and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). We confirm that D. crambidoides also feeds on eastern gama grass. Morphological and molecular characters support the status of D. mitteri as a new species. Parsimony analysis resulted in two clades corresponding to D. crambidoides and D. mitteri. We confirm the distribution of D. mitteri from Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, but its distribution could be as broad as the remaining range of eastern gama grass in the eastern United States. All the life stages are described and illustrated. A novel host association, Alabagrus imitatus Cresson (Hymenopt...
An extensible test framework for the Microsoft StreamInsight query processor

Microsoft StreamInsight (StreamInsight, for brevity) is a platform for developing and deploying streaming applications. StreamInsight adopts a deterministic stream model that leverages a temporal algebra as the underlying basis for processing long-running continuous queries. In most streaming applications, continuous query processing demands the ability to cope with high input rates that are characterized by imperfections in event delivery (i.e., incomplete or out-of-order data). StreamInsight is architected to handle imperfections in event delivery, to generate real-time low-latency output, and to provide correctness guarantees on the resultant output.On one hand, streaming operators are similar to their well-understood relational counterparts - with a precise algebra as the basis of their behavior. On the other hand, streaming operators are unique in their non-blocking nature, which guarantees low-latency and incremental result delivery. While our deterministic temporal algebra paves the way towards easier testing of the streaming system, one unique challenge is that as the field evolves with more customers adopting streaming solutions, the semantics, behavior, and variety of operators is constantly under churn. This paper overviews the test framework for the StreamInsight query processor and highlights the challenges in verifying the functional correctness of its operators. The paper discusses the extensibility and the reusability of the proposed streaming test infrastructure, as the research and industrial communities address new and constantly evolving challenges in stream query processing.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulation of basal permeability and acute inflammatory responses in rat venular microvessels

Aims Although several cultured endothelial cell studies indicate that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), via GTPase Rac1 activation, enhances endothelial barriers, very few in situ studies have been published. We aimed to further investigate the mechanisms whereby S1P modulates both baseline and increased permeability in intact microvessels. Methods and results We measured attenuation by S1P of platelet-activating factor (PAF)- or bradykinin (Bk)-induced hydraulic conductivity ( L p) increase in mesenteric microvessels of anaesthetized rats. S1P alone (1–5 µM) attenuated by 70% the acute L p increase due to PAF or Bk. Immunofluorescence methods in the same vessels under identical experimental conditions showed that Bk or PAF stimulated the loss of peripheral endothelial cortactin and rearrangement of VE-cadherin and occludin. Our results are the first to show in intact vessels that S1P pre-treatment inhibited rearrangement of VE-cadherin and occludin induced by PAF or Bk and preserved peripheral cortactin. S1P (1–5 µM, 30 min) did not increase baseline L p. However, 10 µM S1P (60 min) increased L p two-fold. Conclusion Our results conform to the hypothesis that S1P inhibits acute permeability increase in association with enhanced stabilization of peripheral endothelial adhesion proteins. These results support the idea that S1P can be useful to attenuate inflammation by enhancing endothelial adhesion through activation of Rac-dependent pathways.
Decision Factors That Influence Hospital Foodservice Director's to Implement a Waste Management Program

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify, as perceived by hospital foodservice directors, the decision factors that influence the implementation of waste management programs. Economic, environmental, social and political influences are making the management of solid waste or garbage an important issue for all foodservice directors, including those in health care facilities. The study objectives were to: (1) identify what components of integrated waste management programs were being used in hospital foodservice facilities in Oregon, Washington and Idaho, (2) identify decision making factors for implementing or not implementing components of a solid waste management (SWM) program, (3) determine which of the decision factors were perceived to be the greatest barriers to implementing a SWM program, and (4) determine if demographic characteristics influenced the foodservice director's decision regarding SWM. A survey was sent to all (n=199) hospital foodservice directors in the three state region. Of the 164 returned surveys, 75% of the directors reported they had recycling programs, 51% participated in source reduction and 6% used incineration. Foodservice labor, space to store recyclables, corporate support, monetary return and the director's personal feelings were identified as decision factors (Likelihood ratio Chi-square significance p=
Evidence for Losses of Free Fatty Acids in Heated Milk

Abstract The loss in total free fatty acid content of heated milk was studied with gas-liquid chromatography and shown to be greater than 13% at all levels of commercial thermal processing. Evidence indicates that milk subjected to forewarming and ultra-high-temperature treatment shows a loss of total free fatty acids when compared to the unheated control, but a gain when compared to milk only forewarmed.
The Management and Outcome of Stage IA sub E Nonhodgkin's Lymphoma of the Testis

AbstractPurpose: The initial management of stage I nonHodgkin's lymphoma of the testis is by orchiectomy but the role and efficacy of adjuvant strategies are uncertain. We reviewed cases of lymphoma at our institution to determine whether adjuvant treatment was beneficial.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of outcome was conducted on 26 patients who presented to our institution. Median followup for the group was 54 months. Kaplan-Meier actuarial analyses were performed on the entire group and subsets.Results: Actuarial 5 and 10-year overall survival rates were 79 percent and 63 percent, and relapse-free survival rates were 61 percent and 46 percent, respectively. In patients who received adjuvant combination chemotherapy the 5-year relapse-free survival rate improved (75 percent versus 50 percent) but effect did not achieve statistical significance and was lost by 10 years. No relapse-free survival advantage was noted for patients receiving adjuvant irradiation to the pelvic and para-aortic nod...
Comparison of survival in primary and repeat heart transplantation from 1987 through 2004 in the United States.

Background The purpose of this study was to identify predictors for survival after primary and repeat heart transplantations, and to compare their survival. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database provided 20,787 primary heart transplants and 594 repeat heart transplants (for those patients who had previously undergone a primary heart transplant). Cox regression models were used to separately determine predictors of survival in primary and retransplant patients and to compare their survival distributions. Propensity score matching was then used to compare the survival between primary and retransplant patients adjusted for potential confounders. Results Similar predictors of survival were found for primary and retransplant patients. The overall increased risk of death was 71% higher for retransplant versus primary transplant patients. Propensity score analysis showed that, in patients with characteristics most similar to primary transplant patients, the increased risk of death was 133%; however, for patients with characteristics most like retransplant patients, the increased risk of death was only 34%. Conclusions Survival after retransplantation is significantly reduced relative to survival after primary transplantation. The difference in survival between primary and repeat transplants is smallest among recipients who fit the profile of the typical repeat transplant patient. In general, these are younger patients with better functional status prior to listing, who received an organ from a younger donor.
Deployment of better than worst-case design: solutions and needs

The advent of nanometer feature sizes in silicon fabrication has triggered a number of new design challenges for computer designers. These challenges include design complexity and operation in the presence of environmental and device uncertainty. To make things worse, these new challenges add to the many challenges that designers already face in order to scale system performance while meeting power and reliability budgets. Current design objectives are being met by applying even more engineers and increasing overall design times, an unsustainable trend. This paper overviews a novel design strategy, called better than worst-case design, that addresses these challenges through a methodology based on separating the concerns of performance and reliability by coupling complex design components with simple reliable checker mechanisms. We present the key aspects of better than worst-case design and cover some recently proposed solutions that deploy this technique in application domains ranging from microprocessors to digital signal processors. We then highlight a few aspects that need to be addressed to make this approach more practical in general contexts and suggest possible solutions.
Cystic Fibrosis, Nutrition in

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disorder characterized by a defect in a chloride channel resulting in viscous secretions in multiple organ systems. In the pancreas, this results in pancreatic insufficiency, which leads to malabsorption of fat, protein, and fat soluble vitamins. Manifestations of these nutritional deficiencies will be discussed in this review.
Electroluminescence-a technique to detect the initiation of degradation in polymeric insulation

The EL technique is at least two orders of magnitude more sensitive than PD detection and can detect the initiation of polymeric ageing. It can also detect the conversion of a water tree to an electrical tree.
A coherent optical correlator and matched filter maker

Experimental work with a compact, coherent, real-time optical correlator and a matched-filter-maker system is described. Attributes of the correlator include small size, the ability to correlate an input image with multiple references, and operation over a wide range of input light levels. The input scene enters the correlator by a system of lenses while the matched filters are prerecorded on a photographic plate that is inserted into the correlator. The correlator contains a miniature CCD (charge-coupled device) television camera upon which the correlations are projected. The output of the camera is a standard composite video signal that can be displayed on a simple monitor. A match between the input scene and one of the stored filters is indicated by the appearance of a bright correlation spot on the output monitor. Experimental results obtained with the system are given. It is found that correlator alignment drift with changes in temperature is a problem. >
Compact full-motion video hyperspectral cameras: development, image processing, and applications

Emergence of spectral pixel-level color filters has enabled development of hyper-spectral Full Motion Video (FMV) sensors operating in visible (EO) and infrared (IR) wavelengths. The new class of hyper-spectral cameras opens broad possibilities of its utilization for military and industry purposes. Indeed, such cameras are able to classify materials as well as detect and track spectral signatures continuously in real time while simultaneously providing an operator the benefit of enhanced-discrimination-color video. Supporting these extensive capabilities requires significant computational processing of the collected spectral data. In general, two processing streams are envisioned for mosaic array cameras. The first is spectral computation that provides essential spectral content analysis e.g. detection or classification. The second is presentation of the video to an operator that can offer the best display of the content depending on the performed task e.g. providing spatial resolution enhancement or color coding of the spectral analysis. These processing streams can be executed in parallel or they can utilize each other’s results. The spectral analysis algorithms have been developed extensively, however demosaicking of more than three equally-sampled spectral bands has been explored scarcely. We present unique approach to demosaicking based on multi-band super-resolution and show the trade-off between spatial resolution and spectral content. Using imagery collected with developed 9-band SWIR camera we demonstrate several of its concepts of operation including detection and tracking. We also compare the demosaicking results to the results of multi-frame super-resolution as well as to the combined multi-frame and multiband processing.
The SSM/I Estimated Rainfall Amounts of Tropical Cyclones and Their Potential in Predicting the Cyclone Intensity Changes

Abstract An algorithm converting satellite-measured microwave radiances to rainfall rates was used to analyze the rainfall patterns of western North Pacific tropical cyclones (typhoons) mainly of the 1987 season. Having realized that these rainfall rates were reasonable and compared favorably with those existing in the tropical cyclone climatology, they were correlated to the 24-h Dvorak intensifies of typhoons in search of diagnostic insights and prognostic aids. Special Sensor Microwave/Imager rainfall rates from 27 map times of 12 typhoons were computed. Mean rainfall rates were computed for various rectangular areas within a typhoon. Those storms filled the mean areal rainfall-rate distributions along an x axis that showed several maxima. Rain volume rates within boxes of various sizes centered an the storms correlated differently with the future 24-h pressures. Correlation between these two parameters was −0.68 for a 444-km box, −0.38 for a 666-km box, and 0.10 for a 888-km box. Results further showe...
Comparing perineal repairs for rectal prolapse: Delorme versus Altemeier

Data comparing surgical outcomes and quality of life (QOL) following perineal repair of rectal prolapse are limited. The aim of our study was to compare the short-term outcome and QOL of two perineal procedures in patients with rectal prolapse. All patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse admitted to our institution and undergoing Delorme and Altemeier procedures from 2005 to 2013 were identified using an institutional, IRB-approved rectal prolapse database. Short-term outcomes and QOL were compared. Seventy-five patients (93 % female) underwent rectal prolapse surgery: 22 Altemeier and 53 Delorme, mean age 72 ± 15 years. Sixty-six percentage of patients were ASA grade III or IV (Table 1). The median hospital stay was longer in Altemeier’s group [4 (1–44) days vs. 3 (0–14) days; p = 0.01]. After a median follow-up of 13 (1–88) months, the rate of recurrent prolapse was 14 % (n = 11) [Altemeier 2 (9 %) vs. Delorme 9 (16 %) p = 0.071]. Postoperative complication rate was 12 % (n = 9) [Altemeier 5 (22 %) vs. Delorme 4 (7 %), p = 0.04]. There was no mortality. The Cleveland Global Quality of Life scores in each group were 0.6 ± 0.2 and 0.5 ± 0.3, respectively (p = 0.59), and were not changed by the surgery. In patients where abdominal repair of rectal prolapse is judged to be unwise, a Delorme procedure offers short-term control of the prolapse with low risk of complications and with reasonable function. In addition, patients that recur after a Delorme procedure can undergo another similar transanal procedure without compromising the vascular supply of the rectum.
Decolonization as a Cold War Imperative

Legal and social historians typically think of the 1955 Bandung conference as the point of origin of the non-aligned movement in that the conference explicitly positioned itself between the Soviet and Western power blocs. This chapter seeks to problematize this premise by relating the genesis of Bandung to some of the core tenets of interwar Soviet conceptions of international law. This allows us to think of interwar ‘Soviet international law’ as a precursor to Bandung, or even as an earlier iteration of the political postures later attributed to Bandung. If there was such obvious prima facie alliance between the Soviets and the participants at Bandung, what went wrong? Why were the Soviets excluded from participating? Does the formal absence of the Soviets from Bandung actually conceal a deeper presence? To speak of Interwar ‘Soviet international law’ as a precursor to Bandung in even the most general terms suggests an inquiry into the dual role that Soviet international legal doctrine played in enabling independence movements that culminated in statehood and recognition for former colonies, while simultaneously constraining internal self-determination movements within its vast territory. Revisiting this history is important for, at least, two main reasons. First, it adds to the growing empirical account of decolonization generally, and Soviet participation (direct and indirect) in particular decolonization projects. Second, it helps to understand the complex role of the Soviet Union as both a peripheral post-imperial subject and neo-colonial actor in its own right.
Effect of Switch Delays on Piezoelectric-Based Semi-Active Vibration Reduction Techniques

Piezoelectric transducers have been used for semi-active vibration reduction in structures by altering the stiffness state and dissipating electrical energy. Common approaches include state switching, synchronized switch damping on a resistor (SSDS), and synchronized switch damping on an inductor (SSDI). Each of these methods requires four switches per vibration cycle, so any delay in the switch from the ideal moment could have a significant effect on the vibration reduction. An experimental investigation into the effect of switch delays on these techniques reveals that the abrupt change in piezoelectric voltage from the switch has the effect of a step input on the structure, which may excite higher order modes and increase the peak strain. This non-ideal switching of boundary conditions has implications towards the design and performance of these state switching techniques. Switching at the peak is classically considered the ideal switch time, but the influence of the switch on the local strain may actually result in a higher peak strain for the structure than with a delayed switch. This paper will examine switch times that lead and lag the ideal case for state switching, SSDS, and SSDI to quantify the level of vibration reduction achieved under non-ideal peak sensing.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Polymer‐Based Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Chromophores on TiO2 for Solar Energy Conversion

A polychromophoric light-harvesting assembly featuring a polystyrene (PS) backbone with ionic carboxylate-functionalized Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes as pendant groups (PS-Ru-A) was synthesized and successfully anchored onto mesoporous structured TiO2 films (TiO2 //PS-Ru-A). Studies of the resulting TiO2 //PS-Ru-A films carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the ionic carboxylated Ru(II) complexes from PS-Ru-A led to the surface immobilization on the TiO2 film. Monochromatic light photocurrent spectroscopy (IPCE) and white light (AM1.5G) current-voltage studies of dye-sensitized solar cells using the TiO2 //PS-Ru-A photoanode give rise to modest photocurrent and white light efficiency (24 % peak IPCE and 0.33 % PCE, respectively). The photostability of surface-bound TiO2 //PS-Ru-A films was tested and compared to a monomeric Ru(II) complex (TiO2 //Ru-A), showing an enhancement of ∼14 % in the photostability of PS-Ru-A. Transient absorption measurements reveal that electron injection from surface-bound pendants occurs on the picosecond time scale, similar to TiO2 //Ru-A, while time-resolved emission measurements reveal delayed electron injection occurring in TiO2 //PS-Ru-A on the nanosecond time scale, underscoring energy transport from unbound to surface-bound complexes. Additionally, charge recombination is delayed in PS-Ru-A, pointing towards intra-assembly hole transport to complexes away from the surface. Molecular dynamics simulations of PS-Ru-A in fluid solution indicate that a majority of the pendant Ru(II) complexes lie within 10-20 A of each other, facilitating efficient energy- and charge transport among the pendant complexes.
Vibrational State Dependence of Interfacial Electron Transfer: Hot Electron Injection from the S1 State of Azulene into TiO2 Nanoparticles

Strong dependence of the quantum yield of electron injection, Φinjection, on the excess vibrational energy of the short-lived S1 excited state of the donor was observed for a carboxyazulene chromophore, 6-MeAz-2-COOH, bound to the surface of colloidal TiO2. The oxidation state of 6-MeAz-2-COOH was aligned with the CB of TiO2 in such manner that the lowest vibrational levels of the S1 state were below the band edge. Two distinct electron injection regimes were observed: a long wavelength one which was attributed to a low yield direct injection into trap sites and a short wavelength one corresponding to a much higher yield injection into the bulk CB of the TiO2 nanoparticles. There is a 9-fold increase of Φinjection as λexcitation decreases from 690 to 525 nm, with the steepest, 4-fold rise occurring between 585 and 550 nm, that is, when the excess energy is approximately equivalent to 3 quanta of skeletal vibrations of the donor. The charge recombination kinetics in the 6-MeAz-2-COOH@TiO2 system is also di...
Analysis of a Deep-Seated Landslide in Permafrost, Richardson Highway, South-Central Alaska

A portion of the Richardson Highway near Glennallen, Alaska, is threatened by slope movement in an area where the highway travels along a bluff overlooking the Copper River. Analysis of aerial photographs indicates that portions of the bluff have experienced an average of 1.5 m of retreat per year since 1979, and gully erosion has completely obliterated portions of the pre-1965 highway alignment. The subsurface consists of a 1.5-m-thick surficial silt layer underlain by frozen, ice-rich clayey soils with an average annual temperature of −0.56°C. At 16 m below the ground surface, the soils become ice-poor and coarser grained. In situ measurements, soil creep tests, and slope stability analysis indicate that the ice-rich clayey soils are experiencing movement, with creep velocities of up to 2.5 cm per year. This deep-seated creep results in fracturing of the near-surface soil layer that is manifested at the surface by cracks, scarps, and back-tilted blocks. Groundwater perched above the permafrost table and seeping toward the bluff face facilitates the rapid retreat of the bluff edge through the formation of gullies.
Microbiological Examination of Ingredients of Eastern-Type Turkey Rolls

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE cooked, boneless turkey roll, a relatively new poultry product, is gaining popularity due to minimum waste, lower transportation costs, ease in handling and ease of portion control (Joule, 1957). Essentially, two types of cooked turkey rolls are produced in the United States; the Western and the Eastern types. Western and Eastern type rolls differ in method of cooking, packaging, and subsequent storage. The Western-type roll is packaged in a plastic casing prior to cooking. Most of the natural juices resulting from the cooking are retained within the wrapper and no juice is added. After hot-water cooking, the rolls are usually frozen immediately. During subsequent shipment and storage, this type of roll remains frozen. The Eastern roll, the only type considered in the present report, is wrapped and oven-cooked in aluminum foil. In accordance with USDA Poultry Regulations, all poultry rolls not cured or smoked must be cooked to . . .
Suppression of an antibody to factor VIII by a combination of factor VIII and cyclophosphamide.

A 54-year-old woman with a 20-year history of generalized, severe psoriasis presented with diffuse ecchymoses, melena, and vaginal bleeding. The whole blood clotting time was 59 minutes and the plasma factor VIII concentration was less than 1 per cent of normal. Incubation of the patient’s plasma with cryoprecipitate containing one unit of factor VIII resulted in the rapid disappearance of factor VIII activity from the mixture. The major antifactor VIII activity of the patient’s plasma was associated with an immunoglobulin of the IgG class. The patient was initially treated with a combination of methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide. No improvement occurred, and after 6 weeks of therapy the drugs were discontinued. Eight months later, she presented with an expanding sublingual hematoma. Bleeding was controlled by the rapid administration of 10,000 units of factor VIII, and an intravenous dose of cyclophosphamide given concurrently resulted in a prompt decline in antibody titer. Factor VIII levels subsequently became normal and have remained normal during 7 months of follow-up observation.
Myeloperoxidase is involved in Vincristine resistance in human myeloblastic leukemia

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been shown to destroy Vincristine (VCR) by oxidation [1]. HRP is a member of the heme peroxidase family of enzymes, all of which share similar substrate specificities. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase expressed in AML, but not in ALL. We have investigated the hypothesis that oxidative destruction of VCR by MPO determines VCR resistance in AML. We were able to show that: (1) VCR was more cytotoxic in a subcloned MPO-negative HL-60 cell line (IC50: 3.5 nM) than in the MPO-positive HL-60 cell line (IC50: 13 nM). (2) 100 μM of VCR were almost completely degraded by 0.1 mg (2-U) of MPO plus H2O2 in a cell-free system monitored by HPLC analysis. (3) VCR was more completely degraded by the MPO-positive HL-60 cell line than by the MPO-negative HL-60 cell line. (3) The differential resistance to VCR observed between the cell lines could be increased by increasing the concentration of H2O2 available to the enzyme. (4) VCR was more efficiently degraded in MPO-positive cells from AML patients in comparison with the MPO-negative cell lines KG-1a and U-937. These data support the hypothesis that MPO could be responsible, at least in part, for the VCR resistance of some AMLs.
The Frontiers of the Remarks

The findings of the previous two chapters — that the concept of perspicuous representation is not wholly adequate as a anthropological tool, and that Wittgenstein has only idiosyncratic reasons for rejecting explanation — raise a significant question about the project of the Remarks on Frazer’s Golden Bough. Attention to these discrepancies may lead us to think that, as an alternative to the intellectualist programme of a Frazer, Wittgenstein’s suggestions for anthropology are rather poor. Indeed, a number of writers have gone so far as to suggest that Wittgenstein’s purpose in writing on ritual is radically discontinuous with Frazer’s; that while Frazer is trying to understand why primitive peoples engage in magical activity, Wittgenstein is not interested in this matter at all, and that his aims lie elsewhere. If this contention were true, it would mean that it would be futile to attempt to extricate an interpretation of religion from the Remarks on Frazer. As my intention in this book is to do precisely that, it will, therefore, be crucial to devote some attention to the discontinuity thesis in order to see whether my plans are torpedoed. I want here to consider two very different discontinuity theses, those of Rush Rhees and Frank Cioffi.
Single-Cell RNAseq Reveals That Pancreatic β-Cells From Very Old Male Mice Have a Young Gene Signature.

Aging improves pancreatic β-cell function in mice. This is a surprising finding because aging is typically associated with functional decline. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of β-cells from 3- and 26-month-old mice to explore how changes in gene expression contribute to improved function with age. The old mice were healthy and had reduced blood glucose levels and increased β-cell mass, which correlated to their body weight. β-Cells from young and old mice had similar transcriptome profiles. In fact, only 193 genes (0.89% of all detected genes) were significantly regulated (≥2-fold; false discovery rate 5). Of these, 183 were down-regulated and mainly associated with pathways regulating gene expression, cell cycle, cell death, and survival as well as cellular movement, function, and maintenance. Collectively our data show that β-cells from very old mice have transcriptome profiles similar to those of young mice. These data support previous findings that aging is not ass...
Dysregulation of redox pathways in liver fibrosis

Reactive oxygen species are implicated in physiological signaling and cell fate decisions. In chronic liver diseases persistent and increased production of oxidative radicals drives a fibrogenic response that is a common feature of disease progression. Despite our understanding the biology of the main prooxidant enzymes, their targets, and antioxidant mechanisms in the liver, there is still lack of knowledge concerning their precise role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. This review will examine the role of physiological redox signaling in the liver, provide an overview on recent advances in prooxidant and antioxidant pathways that are dysregulated during fibrosis, and highlight possible novel treatment targets.
Tapping the Power of Crustacean Transcriptomics to Address Grand Challenges in Comparative Biology: An Introduction to the Symposium

Crustaceans, and decapods in particular (i.e., crabs, shrimp, and lobsters), are a diverse and ecologically and commercially important group of organisms. Understanding responses to abiotic and biotic factors is critical for developing best practices in aquaculture and assessing the effects of changing environments on the biology of these important animals. A relatively small number of decapod crustacean species have been intensively studied at the molecular level; the availability, experimental tractability, and economic relevance factor into the selection of a particular species as a model. Transcriptomics, using high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS, coupled with RNA sequencing or RNA-seq) is revolutionizing crustacean biology. The 11 symposium papers in this volume illustrate how RNA-seq is being used to study stress response, molting and limb regeneration, immunity and disease, reproduction and development, neurobiology, and ecology and evolution. This symposium occurred on the 10th anniversary of the symposium, "Genomic and Proteomic Approaches to Crustacean Biology", held at the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology 2006 meeting. Two participants in the 2006 symposium, the late Paul Gross and David Towle, were recognized as leaders who pioneered the use of molecular techniques that would ultimately foster the transcriptomics research reviewed in this volume. RNA-seq is a powerful tool for hypothesis-driven research, as well as an engine for discovery. It has eclipsed the technologies available in 2006, such as microarrays, expressed sequence tags, and subtractive hybridization screening, as the millions of "reads" from NGS enable researchers to de novo assemble a comprehensive transcriptome without a complete genome sequence. The symposium series concludes with a policy paper that gives an overview of the resources available and makes recommendations for developing better tools for functional annotation and pathway and network analysis in organisms in which the genome is not available or is incomplete.
Advances in the development and applications of organic-silica hybrid monoliths

This review will concentrate on recent progress (since 2013) toward preparation of organic-silica hybrid monoliths and their latest applications as extraction and separation media largely focusing on capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography. Main emphasis will be given to advancement of approaches relying on the sol-gel chemistry of tetra- and tri-alkoxysilanes, sol-gel chemistry of alkoxysilanes and free-radical copolymerization with organic monomers, and free radical and ring-opening copolymerization of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes with organic monomers. Hybrid molecularly-imprinted polymer monoliths and hybrid monoliths made with non-silica-based precursors or in combination with metal alkoxides will be included as well.
Virtue, the Common Good and Self-Transcendence

Aristotle apparently thought that work on virtue had a profoundly political aspect. According to Aristotle, our capacity to perceive good and bad is inextricably linked to the complexities of our sociality, and it is hard to imagine a sound reading of Aristotle (or any other good philosopher) on such topics as virtue and practical reason that did not involve our capacity to distinguish good from bad. Human beings, Aristotle thought, are at home in ordered communities, and our very capacity to track practical good and bad and right and wrong (even to engage in means-end reasoning, interestingly) is properly exercised in society:
Comparison of Cyclosporine and Methotrexate with Cyclosporine and Mycophenolate Mofetil for Gvhd Prophylaxis in Myeloablative Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Abstract Cyclosporine (CSA) and methotrexate (MTX) is a standard, effective regimen for prophylaxis of GVHD following allogeneic BMT. However, MTX increases mucosal injury and delays hematopoietic recovery in myeloablative allografts. We demonstrated in a prospective, randomized trial that CSA and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) decreased mucositis and permitted more rapid neutrophil engraftment versus CSA/MTX in 40 patients undergoing myeloablative allogeneic BMT from matched sibling donors, with similar rates of acute and chronic GVHD, relapse, and 6-month survival. We subsequently adopted CSA/MMF as our preferred regimen for GVHD prophylaxis in matched sibling donor allografts. The objective of this analysis is to describe peri-transplant and long-term outcomes in an expanded cohort, comparing CSA/MMF with CSA/MTX. Inclusion criteria: adult patients (18 years or older) who underwent allogeneic BMT with myeloablative conditioning from a matched sibling donor with either CSA/MTX (n=76) or CSA/MMF (n=89) for GVHD prophylaxis. Median age was 45 years (range, 18–65). Diagnoses: AML (50%), CML (15%), ALL (15%), MDS (9%), NHL (6%), other (8%). Only 21% of patients had more than 2 prior regimens, and 9% had prior radiotherapy. Preparative regimens included busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) (64%), Bu/Cy + etoposide (19%), TBI-based (13%), or other (4%). All but 1 patient who received Bu/Cy + etoposide also received CSA/MTX. No other baseline characteristic differed between the groups. Median CD34+ cell dose: 1.78 x 10E6/kg overall, no difference between groups; CD3+ cell doses were incomplete for most patients who received CSA/MTX, but median values were equal between CSA/MMF and CSA/MTX patients with available data. Compared with CSA/MMF patients, those who received CSA/MTX had worse mucositis (median score 0.17 versus 1.0, P 500, median 11 versus 19 days, P 20,000, median 19 versus 24 days, P CONCLUSION: GVHD prophylaxis with CSA/MMF in matched sibling donor allografts reduces mucositis, time to engraftment, length of stay, and the risk of chronic GVHD compared with CSA/MTX, without adversely influencing rates of relapse, non-relapse mortality, or overall survival. The protective effect of CSA/MMF against chronic GVHD may be related to the fact that MMF is administered for a longer period post-transplantation than MTX, or the reduction in peri-transplant mucosal injury with MMF could result in decreased activation of potentially alloreactive T-cells. CSA/MMF is a safe and effective regimen for prophylaxis against GVHD in matched sibling donor allogeneic BMT with myeloablative conditioning.
Using Mediation to Resolve Conflicts Involving Religious Accommodation in the Workplace

This article examines how mediation is an appropriate tool to resolve conflicts involving religious accommodation in the workplace.