cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of Salmonella enteritidis in incubated pools of egg contents by fluorescence polarization and lateral flow immunodiffusion

ABSTRACT Efficient detection of Salmonella enteritidis inside eggs is critical for confirming that individual commercial laying flocks present a risk to public health. In most standard bacteriological culturing protocols, an initial incubation step is necessary to allow the typically very small population of S. enteritidis cells in pools of egg contents to multiply to more easily detectable levels. In the present study, two rapid methods were evaluated as alternatives to plating on selective media for detecting S. enteritidis in incubated egg pools. By using either fluorescence polarization or lateral flow immunodiffusion assays, S. enteritidis could be consistently detected in egg pools at 10(8) cfu/mL (and in most pools at 10(7) cfu/mL). Although the rapid assays were significantly less sensitive than culturing, they both were consistently able to detect contamination when pools of 10 eggs were inoculated with approximately 10 cfu of S. enteritidis and incubated for 72 h at 25 degrees C.
New methods for analyzing vibration of structural components

Two approximate methods, which have not previously been used for structural dynamics problems, are applied to the free vibration analysis of various structural components. The first method is a new version of the complementary energy method. It is shown to be considerably more accurate than the conventional Rayleigh and Rayleigh-Schmidt methods when applied to spatially one-dimensional free vibration problems: prismatic and tapered bars, prismatic beams, and axisymmetric motion of circular membranes. The second method is the differential quadrature method introduced by Bellman and his associates. It is applied successfully here to all of the problems mentioned plus square membranes and circular and square plates.
Sulfur Isotope Studies in Solid Organics: A Protocol for Utilizing Heterogeneous Standards and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

We present sulfur isotope compositions (34S/32S) for nine solid organics—six petroleum cokes and three solid bitumens—demonstrating a reliable method using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) fo...
Physical and Chemical Mechanism for Increased Surface Area and Pore Volume of CaO in Water Hydration

The present work explores the fundamental mechanism behind the increased surface area and pore volume of CaO after hydration. First, a widely believed mechanism, the “physical attrition theory”, is...
Simulation to Study the Dynamic Performance of Multi-infeed AC/DC Power Systems Including UHVDC

To study the dynamic performance of the Southern China Power Grid in 2010,the system equivalence,model treatment,electromagnetic transient modeling method are presented for the multi-infeed AC/DC power system including ±800 kV UHVDC.The PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation software is used to establish the simulation model of 5 HVDC transmission lines,including ±800 kV UHVDC from Yunnan to Guangdong.Detailed converter model is used in the study.The work has focused on the dynamic performance when various kinds of faults occur in the AC/DC system.Result presented in the paper provides the theoretical foundation for system planning and system security study in the Southern China Power Grid.
Structural Basis for the Failure of the C1 Domain of Ras Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Protein 2 (RasGRP2) to Bind Phorbol Ester with High Affinity

The C1 domain represents the recognition module for diacylglycerol and phorbol esters in protein kinase C, Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein (RasGRP), and related proteins. RasGRP2 is exceptional in that its C1 domain has very weak binding affinity (Kd = 2890 ± 240 nm for [(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. We have identified four amino acid residues responsible for this lack of sensitivity. Replacing Asn(7), Ser(8), Ala(19), and Ile(21) with the corresponding residues from RasGRP1/3 (Thr(7), Tyr(8), Gly(19), and Leu(21), respectively) conferred potent binding affinity (Kd = 1.47 ± 0.03 nm) in vitro and membrane translocation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in LNCaP cells. Mutant C1 domains incorporating one to three of the four residues showed intermediate behavior with S8Y making the greatest contribution. Binding activity for diacylglycerol was restored in parallel. The requirement for anionic phospholipid for [(3)H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding was determined; it decreased in going from the single S8Y mutant to the quadruple mutant. The full-length RasGRP2 protein with the mutated C1 domains also showed strong phorbol ester binding, albeit modestly weaker than that of the C1 domain alone (Kd = 8.2 ± 1.1 nm for the full-length protein containing all four mutations), and displayed translocation in response to phorbol ester. RasGRP2 is a guanyl exchange factor for Rap1. Consistent with the ability of phorbol ester to induce translocation of the full-length RasGRP2 with the mutated C1 domain, phorbol ester enhanced the ability of the mutated RasGRP2 to activate Rap1. Modeling confirmed that the four mutations helped the binding cleft maintain a stable conformation.
Intratidal Overdistention and Derecruitment in the Injured Lung: A Simulation Study

Goal: Ventilated patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are predisposed to cyclic parenchymal overdistention and derecruitment, which may worsen existing injury. We hypothesized that intratidal variations in global mechanics, as assessed at the airway opening, would reflect such distributed processes. Methods: We developed a computational lung model for determining local instantaneous pressure distributions and mechanical impedances continuously during a breath. Based on these distributions and previous literature, we simulated the within-breath variability of airway segment dimensions, parenchymal viscoelasticity, and acinar recruitment in an injured canine lung for tidal volumes( $V_{T}$ ) of 10, 15, and 20 mL·kg−1 and positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEP) of 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O. Acini were allowed to transition between recruited and derecruited states when exposed to stochastically determined critical opening and closing pressures, respectively. Results: For conditions of low $V_{T}$ and low PEEP, we observed small intratidal variations in global resistance and elastance, with a small number of cyclically recruited acini. However, with higher $V_{T}$ and PEEP, larger variations in resistance and elastance were observed, and the majority of acini remained open throughout the breath. Changes in intratidal resistance, elastance, and impedance followed well-defined parabolic trajectories with tracheal pressure, achieving minima near 12 to 16 cm H2O. Conclusion: Intratidal variations in lung mechanics may allow for optimization of ventilator settings in patients with ARDS, by balancing lung recruitment against parenchymal overdistention. Significance: Titration of airway pressures based on variations in intratidal mechanics may mitigate processes associated with injurious ventilation.
Self-assembled gold nanostar–NaYF4:Yb/Er clusters for multimodal imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy

A grand challenge for medicine is to develop tools to selectively image and treat diseased cells. Rare earth doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been extensively studied for imaging applications because of their ability to absorb near infrared radiation (NIR) and emit visible light, but these particles cannot induce therapy alone. Recently, we developed methods to couple the UCNPs to visible and NIR-absorbing gold nanostructures through nucleic acid interactions. Here, we show that gold–UCNP clusters with optimized plasmon resonance and particle compositions provide both in vitro imaging contrast and combination cell killing through simultaneous photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) therapy. PDT was induced by embedding singlet oxygen photosensitizers in silica shells on the UCNPs. Upon photoexcitation with 980 nm light, the NIR absorbing gold–UCNP clusters both increased the local temperature and generated singlet oxygen, increasing cell killing relative to either modality alone. The multifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold–NaYF4:Yb/Er clusters exhibited high biocompatibility without irradiation but synergistic cell killing of MCF-7 cancer cells under light excitation. Finally, we also demonstrate that an optimal gold plasmon resonance is critical for minimizing absorbance overlap with the photosensitizers.
A Posture-Productivity Index: A Proposed Methodology:

The working posture of an individual influences his working efficiency and working efficiency significantly affects productivity. An index of productivity as a function of posture-related variables...
Abnormal pap tests among women living in a Hispanic migrant farmworker community: A narrative of health literacy.

This study explored narrative responses following abnormal Pap tests among Hispanic migrant farmworkers (N = 18; ages 22–50 years) via in-depth interviews in Florida. Qualitative analyses utilized health literacy domains (obtain/process/understand/communicate) as a conceptual framework. Participants described how they (1) obtained information about getting a Pap test, (2) processed positive and negative reactions following results, (3) understood results and recommended health-promoting behaviors, and (4) communicated and received social support. Women had disparate reactions and understanding following an abnormal Pap result. Health literacy was a meaningful conceptual framework to understand assets and gaps among women receiving an abnormal Pap test result. Future interventions should incorporate health literacy domains and facilitate patient–provider communications and social support to assist women in decision-making and health-promoting behaviors, ultimately decreasing cancer disparities.
Multiple interpretations of long-term working memory theory: Reply to Delaney and Ericsson (2016).

This reply is in response to Delaney and Ericsson (2016), who argue that the results of our recent research (Foroughi, Werner, Barragan, & Boehm-Davis, 2015) can be explained by Ericsson and Kintsch's (1995) long-term working memory (LTWM) theory. Our original work was designed to test the prediction made by LTWM theory that interruptions of up to 30 s in duration would not disrupt reading performance. We conducted the work following the method and outcome measures recommended by Ericsson and Kintsch (1995). Our data were clear: interruptions disrupted reading comprehension. We believe that these data do not support predictions made by LTWM theory. Although we appreciate Delaney and Ericsson's (2016) comments, we are unsure how best to move forward because it appears that some of their comments are not consistent with the published work on LTWM theory. Because of the inconsistent and contradictory claims surrounding LTWM theory, the theory does not appear to be falsifiable, or is in danger of becoming unfalsifiable. Creating and testing theory is vital for the advancement of psychological science, but it appears that testing predictions made by LTWM would be very difficult, if not impossible, given the fluid state of the theory. (PsycINFO Database Record
Asymmetry in dynamics of action potential duration transition between steady states: a simulation study

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) contributes importantly to sudden cardiac death, however, exact mechanisms of VF remain elusive. Action potential duration (APD) restitution is widely used to predict dynamics of VF. Restitution of APD is a multi-modal phenomenon, with contributions from previous diastolic intervals (DI), as well as from activation history. We investigated dynamics of change in APD with contributions from memory by using a feedback-based protocol. A Luo-Rudy ionic model of cardiac activation was used to simulate activation. We used four levels of DI, 150, 450, 700, and 1000 msec, to compose a DI sequence which included all possible switches among these DIs. By abruptly changing the DI after APD reached a steady state, we analyzed the transient dynamics of change in APD. As expected, our results showed that for sufficiently long activation, the steady state of APD was unique for each DI. Transient changes in APD showed an asymmetric pattern that was dependent on direction of change in DI, the absolute level of change and the operating level of APD. These results further support the notion that restitution of APD is a multi-modal phenomenon, and that multiple factors need to be considered in using restitution to predict activation dynamics.
David Oliver: Hotel chains are no answer to hospital bed crises

Roy Lilley, the ubiquitous health pundit, wrote in January of the need for radical solutions to current NHS crises rather than medical colleges endlessly campaigning for more resources.1 Lilley then set out some big, audacious ideas of his own. One was that, to “get the thousands [of people] marooned in hospital home safely,” we should “Block-book Premier Inns; create step-down care. It’s £45 a night. Include a matron and some care assistants and you’ll do it for £150. Hospitals cost £400.”2 Does this idea bear scrutiny? Who are these patients stranded in hospital, and will it …
Novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy (NTKI) prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients (pts) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): No evidence for increased transplant-related toxicity

16515 Background: Patients undergoing ASCT for CML are increasingly likely to have received a NTKI after failing imatinib mesylate. It is unknown whether the use of these NTKIs prior to ASCT increa...
Epidemiological characteristics of pediatric epistaxis presenting to the emergency department

Abstract Objective Investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric epistaxis in the emergency department setting. Study design Cross-sectional study using national databases. Methods Children (age Results There were 18,745 cases of pediatric epistaxis (mean age 7.54 years, 57.4% male). Overall, 6.9% of patients underwent procedures to control epistaxis, of which 93.5% had simple anterior epistaxis control. The distribution of pediatric epistaxis was highest in spring and summer months (p Conclusions Most emergency department presentations of pediatric epistaxis are uninvolved cases that do not require procedural intervention. The overrepresentation of low socioeconomic status patients may suggest an overutilization of emergency services for minor cases of epistaxis, and perhaps a lack of access to primary care providers. This is the first study to evaluate racial and socioeconomic factors in relationship to pediatric epistaxis. Further investigation is needed to better elucidate these potential disparities.
Downstream Signaling Pathways: Modular Interactions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the impact of modular interaction domains on the logic and organization of signaling pathways and the general properties relevant to their role in signal transmission. These domains can be divided into two fairly distinct groups based on their mode of interaction. The prominence of modular interaction domains in signaling proteins is explained by the critical role played by subcellular localization in signaling, particularly in multicellular organisms. A critical aspect of interactions mediated by such domains is the extent to which each domain recognizes distinct specific targets. Interactions mediated by modular binding domains can be either constitutive or dependent on the posttranslational modification of the binding partner. The most general role of modular protein binding domains in signaling is to bring proteins together at the proper time and place in the cell to promote downstream transmission of the signal. A second notable property conferred by modular binding domains on signaling complexes is heterogeneity in their composition. This property allows the signaling process to be very sensitive to the potential binding partners available in the cell, their local concentrations, and their state of posttranslational modification that is ideal for a system that must integrate many inputs and generate outputs that are precisely controlled in time and space. Another potential advantage is flexibility, in that a limited number of component parts can respond to and generate a diverse array of signals depending on cellular context.
Collaborating to Reduce Violence: The Impact of Focused Deterrence in Kansas City:

This research examines the impact of focused deterrence on homicide and gun violence in Kansas City, MO. In 2014, a coalition of police, prosecutors, city officials, researchers, and others impleme...
Cross-linked cytochrome P450 BM3 aggregates promoted by Ru(II)-diimine complexes bearing aldehyde groups.

Abstract Cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) methodology has been applied to immobilize cytochrome P450 BM3 variants (F87A and 21B3) with peroxygenase activity. Several Ru(II)-diimine complexes were found to be suitable cross-linking agents, surpassing the traditional glutaraldehyde and dextran aldehyde. They offer modular numbers of aldehyde functionalities and a more rigid framework than their organic counterparts. The F87A CLEAs display significant activity loss compared to the protein in solution. Meanwhile, for the 21B3 CLEAs, high activity recovery (up to 95%) is obtained. In order to minimize enzyme leaching from the CLEA, sodium cyanoborohydride was used to reduce the CLEAs imine bonds. The reduced CLEAs were active for several rounds of reactions leading to an overall increase in protein activity of 170% compared to the free protein in solution.
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud: Its relation to other papillomatoses

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) of Gougerot and Carteaud is the least common occurring of the papillomatoses. Its recognition as a distinct disease entity has long been questioned. Four new cases are presented, and the literature is reviewed. It is our conclusion that CRP is a definite disease entity.
Mutations in Surfactant Protein C and Interstitial Lung Disease

Less than 5% of all cases of idiopathic interstitial lung disease (ILD) are due to familial pulmonary fibrosis. The clinical manifestations of familial pulmonary fibrosis are indistinguishable from the presenting symptoms in sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mutations in SFTPC, the gene encoding surfactant protein C (SP-C), have been identified in kindreds with familial ILD as well as individuals with sporadic IPF. SP-C is a surfactant-associated protein that is essential for the reduction in surface tension at the air–liquid interface within the alveolus and the prevention of end-expiratory alveolar collapse. Because of its hydrophobic properties, SP-C is synthesized as a proprotein that is processed within the secretory pathway of alveolar type II cells as it is conducted to the lamellar body, the intracellular storage site of surfactant. The carboxy terminus of the proprotein appears to function as an intramolecular chaperone that guides posttranslational processing of the SP-C protein and the majority of mutations associated with ILD occur within this domain. Over 50 distinct SFTPC mutations have been identified and individuals with SP-C mutations range in age from infants to adults. The clinical manifestations extend from fatal respiratory failure to no clinically apparent respiratory symptoms. The pattern of inheritance appears to be autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. In infants and children, the most common histopathological pattern is nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis with features of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. In contrast, usual interstitial pneumonitis is the most frequent pattern in adults. These mutations may cause lung fibrosis through protein misprocessing within the endoplasmic reticulum activating the unfolded protein response, proteasome dysfunction, and alveolar epithelial cell death. Alveolar type II cells expressing SP-C mutant proteins may be more susceptible to environmental factors that may trigger epithelial cell injury, death, and the development of parenchymal fibrosis. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms by which mutations in SP-C cause pulmonary fibrosis provides unique insights into the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of the idiopathic interstitial lung diseases.
World of Warcraft: The Viability of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games as Platforms for Modeling and Evaluating Perfect Competition

The objective of the study was to determine whether the virtual economy of World of Warcraft in fact behaves like a real world economy, whether it is a competitive free market approaching the ideal of perfect competition, and if so, whether it constitutes a suitable platform for further economic research. What makes this research feasible is that World of Warcraft exists on hundreds of servers, each of which is a replica of the same world, but with its own unique player population varying in size and experience level. The research makes the following three predictions about how the economy of World of Warcraft would behave if in fact it were perfectly competitive. The predictions are: 1) Servers with larger populations will yield greater price stability; 2) Servers with a higher concentration of players of a given experience level will yield higher prices for the goods most in demand by that set of players, and; 3) Arbitrage exists only to a very minor extent across all server economies. Data was collected detailing the prices at which selected virtual goods were sold in World of Warcraft auction houses, over a period of thirty days. Using statistical methods, the predictions were tested against the data drawn from economic interactions within the game. The research concludes that the virtual economy of the World of Warcraft in most respects behaves like a highly competitive real world market, and in fact approaches the ideal of perfect competition.
Management of trachea-innominate artery fistula

The case histories of three patients with trachea-innominate artery fistula are presented. Low tracheostomy was the etiologic factor producing the fistula in two patients. In both cases, the neck was hyperextended by placing a large roll behind the patient's shoulders and thereby elevating the trachea out of the mediastinum. In one patient a balloon cuff eroded the innominate artery. Management of these patients includes control of hemorrhage by cuff overinflation and/or by endotracheal intubation and packing of the tracheostomy site. The best surgical approach is via a right anterior thoracotomy and a separate neck incision to isolate the blood vessels involved. Median sternotomy should be avoided to prevent mediastinal infection and sternal dehiscence. Carotid stump pressures are a useful guide to determine the efficacy of innominate artery ligation. One patient was saved and is a long-term survivor.
The movement of tritiated water in plants

Photosynthate translocation in the soybean was studied using tritiated water as the only isotopic compound. Data obtained for the distribution of THO and T-photosynthate of the intact soybean plants under the semi-closed system were similar to that of the closed system (petiole and stem sections were greased by lanolin). Though the soybean petiole was found to be capable of water exchange with the surrounding moisture via the stomata, there was little or no THO loss since the THO was never present at any significant distance from the leaflet. In the absence of light, trans­ piration was observed at a very slow rate as judged by the THO administration of soybean petiole. THO transport in ex­ cised petiole sections was studied by means of an agardiffusion technique. The pattern of this transport can be best described by the model of THO self-diffusion in a path 2 mm in diameter. An attempt was made to distinguish between diffusion and mass flow of water during photosynthate translocation by means of the following mathematical models. Model I: Selfdiffusion of THO, using Pick's Law. The water and photosyn­ thate are considered as moving independently. The former is considered as an equilibrated single pool, in an environment of constant specific activity, generating a radioactive pro­
Tootling With a Randomized Independent Group Contingency to Improve High School Classwide Behavior

The present study examined the effects of tootling, a peer-mediated positive behavior intervention, on students’ classwide disruptive and academically engaged behavior in three general education hi...
Prism, a Game to Promote Autism Acceptance Among Elementary School Students

Prism was developed to help neurotypical children aged 8 to 10 empathize with their peers who have autism. It is a digital game for the children to play, paired with a discussion framework for instructors that takes the children through the game and how it relates to the children’s everyday life. In this paper we describe the development of the game and discussion framework, iteratively working with the stakeholders and interacting with a subject matter expert to create the full experience within 15 weeks.
Oxidative stress induces release of 2'-AMP from microglia.

Abstract Background Microglia metabolize exogenous 2’-AMP and 3’-AMP (non-canonical nucleotides) to adenosine and exogenous 2’-AMP and 3’-AMP (via conversion to adenosine) inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines by microglia. This suggests that if microglia release endogenous 2’-AMP and/or 3’-AMP in response to injurious stimuli, this would complete an autocrine/paracrine mechanism that attenuates the over-activation of microglia during brain injury. Here we investigated in microglia (and for comparison astrocytes and neurons) the effects of injurious stimuli on extracellular and intracellular levels of 2’,3’-cAMP (2’-AMP and 3’-AMP precursor), 2’-AMP, and 3’-AMP. Methods Experiments were conducted in primary cultures of rat microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Cells were exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation, iodoacetate plus 2,4-dinitrophenol (metabolic inhibitors), glutamate, or H2O2 for one hour, and extracellular and intracellular 2’,3’-cAMP, 2’-AMP, and 3’-AMP were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. Key results In microglia, H2O2 increased extracellular levels of 2’-AMP, but not 3’-AMP, by ∼16-fold (from 0.17 ± 0.11 to 2.78 ± 0.27 ng/106 cells; n = 13; mean ± SEM; P Conclusions Oxidative stress (but not oxygen/glucose deprivation, energy deprivation, or excitotoxicity) induces microglia (but not astrocytes or neurons) to release 2’-AMP, but not 3’-AMP. The 2’,3’-cAMP/2’-AMP/adenosine pathway mechanism may serve to prevent over-activation of microglia in response to oxidative stress.
iBreaker: Intelligent Tri-mode Solid State Circuit Breaker Technology

Power electronics enabled DC microgrids mandate fast and low-loss protection against circuit faults. This paper discusses the major challenges and potential solid state circuit breaker (SSCB) solutions to address this need. It proposes a new SSCB methodology comprising four key elements: use of wide bandgap semiconductor (WBG) switches, tri-mode operation, combined digital and analog control, and universal hardware/software architectures. We report the design of a 380V/20A intelligent tri-mode SSCB (iBreaker) based on these design principles. We use SiC MOSFET and GaN HEMT in the iBreaker, which features three distinct operation modes: ON, OFF, and PWM Current Limiting (PWM-CL). While the conventional ON/OFF states allow the iBreaker to conduct normal load currents or interrupt fault currents, the PWM-CL state allows the iBreaker to gradually charge the input capacitors of electronic loads at a limited current level during load startup. The iBreaker can switch from the PWM-CL state to the OFF state if a true short circuit fault is detected. In the PWM-CL state, a variable frequency PWM control technique is proposed to optimally operate a buck converter for soft start and short fault detection. The new iBreaker is prototyped and experimentally verified.
Defect Problems in Piezoelectric Ceramics

The problem of a piezoelectric ceramic containing a defect such as a hole or crack is addressed from a two-dimensional point of view with general coupling taking place between the electrical and mechanical variables. Complex potentials are derived to describe the general electromechanical response of piezoceramics. The particular problem of a piezoelectric body containing an elliptical cavity is considered, and closed formed solutions are provided for the stresses and electric fields in the neighborhood of the hole. The case of recovering the crack-like defect problem from the elliptical hole solution is also discussed.
Accounting for subsurface uncertainty in enhanced geothermal systems to make more robust techno-economic decisions

Abstract It has been estimated that Enhanced Geothermal Systems could supply 100 GWe (10%) of total electric capacity in the U.S. An Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is created by stimulating an impermeable hot rock, injecting cold water into the hot reservoir, and extracting the heated water to generate electricity. EGS projects are still not commercially feasible, however, due to many challenges, including subsurface uncertainty. There are many uncertain structural and geological features when creating an EGS. With uncertain reservoir properties, it is difficult to optimize decisions that will greatly improve EGS profitability. Currently, a common method of optimizing an EGS is choosing the most representative subsurface reservoir model and optimizing the engineering parameters for this single reservoir model, or Single-Model Optimization (SM-Opt). Due to availability of larger computational power, another feasible option is accounting for subsurface uncertainty by optimizing an EGS given an ensemble of reservoir models, or Multiple Model Optimization (MM-Opt). This option is less common in practice within the geothermal industry since it lags in harnessing computational power. This study compares these two methods for optimizing eight common EGS engineering decisions, including well configuration and fracture spacing. The decisions were optimized to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) of an EGS. We have found that using SM-Opt, the optimal engineering decisions led to an EGS with a NPV estimate of $32.7 million. This contrasts with the MM-Opt results where the optimal engineering decisions led to a median NPV value of $11 million and a standard deviation of $15 million. This comparison illustrates how ignoring subsurface uncertainty and heterogeneity leads to over-optimistic NPV forecasts. For this study, the SM-Opt optimum decisions were similar to the robust decisions identified using MM-Opt. Yet, in contrast to SM-Opt, the MM-Opt workflow provided an analysis of the influential engineering parameters and a NPV uncertainty range, which was used to ensure decision robustness.
Statin therapy: does sex matter?

Objective Statins are a class of drugs that competitively bind to the active site of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, thereby inhibiting the initial steps in cholesterol synthesis. Originally approved for use in lowering serum cholesterol, a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, statins have subsequently been noted to have myriad extrahepatic effects, including potential effects on cognition, diabetes, breast cancer, bone, and muscle. This narrative review assesses the current state of the science regarding the risks and benefits of statin therapy in women to identify areas where additional research is needed. Methods Basic and clinical studies were identified by searching PubMed with particular attention to inclusion of female animals, women, randomized controlled trials, and sex-specific analyses. Results Statin therapy is generally recommended to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. None of the current clinical guidelines, however, offer sex-specific recommendations for women due to lack of understanding of sex differences and underlying mechanisms of disease processes. In addition, conclusions regarding efficacy of treatments do not consider lipid solubility for the drug, dosing, duration of treatment, interactions with estrogen, or comorbidities. Pleiotropic effects of statins are often derived from secondary analysis of studies with cardiovascular events as primary outcomes. Conclusions Many of the trials that have established the efficacy and safety of statins were conducted predominantly or entirely in men, with results extrapolated to women. Additional research is needed to guide clinical recommendations specific to women. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A462.
Mary Shelley’s Monstrous Abortion

This article considers what Mary Shelley means when she has the monster call himself an ‘abortion’, as well as unpacks the kinds of lostness an abortion represents. To be lost is a claim or feel of retroactive value, one where lostness enables the recognition of value but only in the face of the lost object’s absence, which initiates awareness around absence. In the monster’s case, he claims to have lost his potential, which means quasi-value consolidates around quasi-presence. Is the monster justified in calling himself an abortion? More crucially, what kinds of lostness does the monster represent? To address these questions, I consider the material and intellectual histories surrounding abortion. Briefly sketched, these include teratology, or the science of monsters, the medical and legal contexts of abortion, along with the histories of autonomy, perfectibility, and sensibility. The bottom line is that the claim of lostness enables humanity to hold onto a potentiality that makes it possible to remain at home in a world that is indifferent to the idealisms that make it inhabitable.
Bilateral serous retinal detachments associated with burkitt lymphoma.

Abstract Purpose To report a case of bilateral serous retinal detachments in a patient found to have burkitt lymphoma. Observations A patient who presented with bilateral serous retinal detachments and “B” symptoms underwent extensive workup and was found to have burkitt lymphoma. Multiagent chemotherapy was initiated with resolution of the serous retinal detachments and visual recovery occurring in parallel to disease remission. Conclusions and Importance Burkitt lymphoma can present with serous retinal detachments and should be included in the differential for a patient with bilateral serous retinal detachments along with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.
A Role for the Adenosine ADORA2B Receptor in Midazolam Induced Cognitive Dysfunction

Background We recently reported a role for the circadian rhythm protein Period 2 (PER2) in midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction. Based on previous studies showing a critical role for the adenosine A2B receptor (ADORA2B) in PER2 regulation, we hypothesized that hippocampal ADORA2B is crucial for cognitive function. Methods Midazolam treated C57BL/6J mice were analyzed for Adora2b hippocampal mRNA expression levels, and spontaneous T-maze alternation was determined in Adora2b-/- mice. Using the specific ADORA2B agonist BAY-60-6583 in midazolam treated C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed hippocampal Per2 mRNA expression levels and spontaneous T-maze alternation. Finally, Adora2b-/- mice were assessed for mRNA expression of markers for inflammation or cognitive function in the hippocampus. Results Midazolam treatment significantly downregulated Adora2b or Per2 mRNA in the hippocampus of C57BL/6J mice, and hippocampal PER2 protein expression or T-maze alternation was significantly reduced in Adora2b-/- mice. ADORA2B agonist BAY-60-6583 restored midazolam mediated reduction in spontaneous alternation in C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of hippocampal Tnf- or Il-6 mRNA levels in Adora2b-/- mice did not reveal an inflammatory phenotype. However, C-fos, a critical component of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, was significantly downregulated in the hippocampus of Adora2b-/-mice. Conclusion These results suggest a role of ADORA2B in midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction. Further, our data demonstrate that BAY-60-6583 treatment restores midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction, possibly via increases of Per2. Additional mechanistic studies hint towards C-FOS as another potential underlying mechanism of memory impairment in Adora2b-/- mice. These findings suggest the ADORA2B agonist as a potential therapy in patients with midazolam induced cognitive dysfunction.
FDG-PET/CT in autoimmune encephalitis: metabolic patterns, MRI correlation, and relevant paraclinical findings

1568 Introduction: The diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) remains challenging due to the lengthy time required for autoantibody testing and significant clinical overlap with other autoimmune and infectious diseases of the nervous system. In 2016, consensus diagnostic criteria were established to facilitate rapid diagnosis using neurological exam findings, EEG, MRI, and serum and CSF testing. However, studies have shown that FDG-PET/CT may be more sensitive than MRI in detecting abnormalities in AE. Objectives: To determine how AE affects FDG uptake in the brain, and evaluate possible correlations between FDG-PET uptake and the different types of autoimmune encephalitis. To correlate brain FDG-PET abnormalities with brain MRI, EEG, and CSF used in the initial evaluation and assessment of this patient population. Methods: Retrospective review identified 49 patients with clinical suspicion for AE who received both brain MRI and FDG-PET/CT imaging. Consensus diagnostic criteria by Graus et al. (2016) were used to identify patients with definite AE and specific subtypes. Each MRI and FDG-PET/CT study was evaluated in consensus by two radiologists. The brain FDG-PET/CT images were spatial and intensity normalized, and a statistical analysis comparing each patient’s image to a database of normals was performed. For each brain region, the Z-score was used to quantitatively assess differences in FDG uptake compared to a database of 43 healthy controls (19 females and 24 males, age range 41- 80 years). Results: Seventeen patients met consensus criteria for AE and underwent FDG-PET/CT imaging at median 10 weeks of symptoms and median 4 days from MRI. The most common subtypes were limbic encephalitis (n=8) and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (n=5). CSF pleocytosis was found in 11/15 (73.3%) patients, while EEG abnormalities were present in 12/15 (80%) patients. FDG-PET/CT and MRI were both consistent with AE in 10/17 (58.8%) patients each. Either MRI or FDG-PET/CT findings supported the diagnosis of AE in 15/17 (88.2%) patients, while only 5/17 (29.4%) patients had supportive findings in both. Equal numbers of patients only had supportive imaging findings in one modality (5/17, 29.4% each). Most AE patients demonstrated mixed hypermetabolism and hypometabolism (6/10, 60%) on FDG-PET/CT, while fewer demonstrated only hypermetabolism or hypometabolism (2/10, 20%, each). Definite AE patients had significant hypermetabolism, given as (Z-score ± standard error, p value), in the temporal lobe (Z=2.425 ± 0.747, p=0.002) while the subtype of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis patients demonstrated hypometabolism in the parietal (Z=-1.528 ± 0.749, p=0.044) and occipital (Z=-2.069 ± 0.475, p<0.0001) lobes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that FDG-PET/CT was equal to MRI, and comparable to EEG and CSF studies in patients with criteria-defined AE. FDG-PET/CT most often demonstrated mixed hypometabolism and hypermetabolism in AE patients, while significant hypometabolism was seen in the parietal and occipital lobes of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
Assessing the Influence of Attending Surgeon Continuity on Free Flap Outcomes Following Unplanned Returns to the Operating Room.

Background Unplanned returns to the operating room (OR) may be necessary at times to salvage a compromised free flap. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of attending surgeon continuity on free flap outcomes following a return to the OR. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent free flap reconstruction and experienced an unplanned return to the OR within 30 days from 2002 to 2017. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine factors that predict unplanned returns to the OR. Results Of the 1,177 patients were identified, 267 (22.5%) had an unplanned return to the OR. Of these, 69 (5.9%) patients experienced total flap loss. Overall, 216 take-back procedures were performed by the primary surgeons (80.2%), while 50 were performed by covering surgeons (18.8%). Flap loss occurred more frequently during a weekend procedure (p = 0.013). Additionally, when the take-back procedure was performed within 5 days of the original surgery by the primary as opposed to a covering surgeon, patients experienced lower estimated blood loss (75 vs. 150 cc, p = 0.04). Overall, there was a significantly lower incidence of flap loss when the take-back procedure was performed by the primary, as opposed to the covering, surgeon (20 vs. 47%, p = 0.0001). Conclusion Higher rates of flap loss occur when a covering surgeon performs a take-back procedure in comparison to the primary surgeon. It is important to ensure the availability of the primary surgeon in the first few postoperative days following free flap reconstruction. When transfer of care is necessary, photographic or video documentation of the microvascular anastomosis may be helpful in addition to a verbal sign out.
Emotion regulation flexibility and disordered eating.

Abstract Research suggests that individuals with eating disorders use more putatively maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and fewer putatively adaptive strategies. However, there is growing theoretical and empirical support for the notion that the efficacy of emotion regulation strategies varies across situations. Thus, successful emotion regulation is characterized by the ability to flexibly choose between emotion regulation strategies in order to fit one's situational needs. Despite growing support for this conceptualization of successful emotion regulation, no research has investigated it in relation to disordered eating. Using the emotion regulation choice paradigm, this study investigated the association between emotion regulation flexibility and disordered eating. Women (N = 50) completed self-report questionnaires and a laboratory-based emotion regulation choice task to assess emotion regulation flexibility. Results indicated that lower emotion regulation flexibility was associated with more frequent purging and excessive exercise. Emotion regulation flexibility was not significantly associated with binge eating or overall eating disorder psychopathology. These findings suggest that individuals who engage in unhealthy compensatory behaviors exhibit reduced emotion regulation flexibility. If replicated in clinical samples, treatment for eating disorders characterized by compensatory behaviors may benefit from incorporating additional strategies to help people utilize emotion regulation strategies in a flexible, situationally appropriate manner.
Disrupting the ArcA regulatory network increases tetracycline susceptibility of TetR Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for strategies to discover secondary drugs to prevent or disrupt antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is causing >700,000 deaths annually. Here, we demonstrate that tetracycline resistant (TetR) Escherichia coli undergoes global transcriptional and metabolic remodeling, including down-regulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle and disruption of redox homeostasis, to support consumption of the proton motive force for tetracycline efflux. Targeted knockout of ArcA, identified by network analysis as a master regulator among 25 transcription factors of this new compensatory physiological state, significantly increased the susceptibility of TetRE. coli to tetracycline treatment. A drug, sertraline, which generated a similar metabolome profile as the arcA knockout strain also synergistically re-sensitized TetRE. coli to tetracycline. The potentiating effect of sertraline was eliminated upon knocking out arcA, demonstrating that the mechanism of synergy was through action of sertraline on the tetracycline-induced ArcA network in the TetR strain. Our findings demonstrate that targeting mechanistic drivers of compensatory physiological states could be a generalizable strategy to re-sensitize AMR pathogens to lost antibiotics.
Invariant Filter Based Preintegration for Addressing the Visual Observability Problem

tightly coupled Visual Inertial Navigation Systems (VINS) implementations have proven their superiority due to their ability to jointly optimize all state variables. While many approaches employ an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for optimization given their simplicity and efficiency, they suffer from inconsistencies associated with state uncertainty. This is due to the observability of the system which is not invariant for all transformations when state is filtered through an EKF. In this paper, we address this issue through the use of an Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (I-EKF) to address the observability challenge. We derive an IMU factor that does not depend on the assumption that the biases are the same between two sequential keyframes and that the VINS, when given the preintegrated measurements, does not have to separately estimate the state variables. After integrating our algorithm with the open-source parallel tracking and mapping system ORB-SLAM [1], experimental results confirm that our derivation is computationally efficient while demonstrating superior accuracy compared to other state-of-the-art filtering and graph optimization based VINS.
Ultrafast manipulation of topologically enhanced surface transport driven by mid-infrared and terahertz pulses in Bi2Se3.

Topology-protected surface transport of ultimate thinness in three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) is breaking new ground in quantum science and technology. Yet a challenge remains on how to disentangle and selectively control surface helical spin transport from the bulk contribution. Here we use the mid-infrared and terahertz (THz) photoexcitation of exclusive intraband transitions to enable ultrafast manipulation of surface THz conductivity in Bi2Se3. The unique, transient electronic state is characterized by frequency-dependent carrier relaxations that directly distinguish the faster surface channel than the bulk with no complication from interband excitations or need for reduced bulk doping. We determine the topological enhancement ratio between bulk and surface scattering rates, i.e., γBS/γSS ~3.80 in equilibrium. The ultra-broadband, wavelength-selective pumping may be applied to emerging topological semimetals for separation and control of the protected transport connected with the Weyl nodes from other bulk bands. It remains challenging on how to selectively control terahertz conductivity at surface from the bulk contribution in topological insulators. Here, Luo et al. discover and manipulate topologically enhanced surface transport due to helical spin structure using mid-infrared and terahertz ultrafast photoexcitations.