cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Policy on Housing Across the Level of Development

We study the eects of money growth in a neoclassical growth model with wealth eects. As the capital stock is the only component of wealth which contributes to an individual's utility, the model should be inter- preted as a model of housing production and housing wealth since the capital stock aects utility. Consistent with empirical evidence on the relationship between residential investment and GDP across countries, there are signi…cant non-linearities between housing market activity and aggregate income in our framework. We demonstrate that the presence of the non-linearity leads to multiple steady-states in which the eects of monetary policy on the housing stock vary. In the steady-state with a low housing stock, a higher rate of money growth is associated with a reverse-Tobin eect in which in‡ation further lowers the housing stock. In contrast, in‡ation promotes housing activity in the high housing steady- state. Thus, the model indicates that the eects of monetary policy on housing market activity vary considerably across the stages of economic development.
Testimony Before the Senate Finance Committee: 'Tax Reform Options: Incentives for Charitable Giving'

The Congressional testimony provides a framework for thinking about the role of the charitable deduction in the federal income tax. As changes to the deduction are weighed by policymakers, it is important to consider: (1) the existing characteristics and policy tenets of the charitable deduction; (2) in practical terms, the allocation of the benefits of the charitable deduction; (3) in theoretical or policy terms, what the charitable deduction is for and whether the theory of the deduction is consistent with expectations; and (4) how existing proposals to change the deduction (including floors, caps, and credits) fit into the current law framework.
Minithoracotomy versus sternotomy for mitral surgery in patients with chronic renal impairment: a propensity-matched study.

ObjectiveCompared with median sternotomy, a right thoracotomy (RT) approach to mitral surgery is associated with decreased postoperative acute renal failure. Therefore, we examined propensity-match...
Assessing social vulnerability to climate change in human communities near public forests and grasslands: a framework for resource managers and planners

Public land management agencies have incorporated the concept of vulnerability into protocols for assessing and planning for climate change impacts on public forests and grasslands. However, resource managers and planners have little guidance for how to address the social aspects of vulnerability in these assessments and plans. Failure to assess social vulnerability to climate change during management planning could compromise land management agencies’ adaptation strategies as well as public support for these strategies. We provide a framework for understanding and assessing social vulnerability to climate change in US public lands contexts. We describe types of information that can be used in social vulnerability assessments and ways this information can be gathered. The practical information that we provide is intended to help resource managers and planners meet current policy requirements for assessing potential impacts of climate change across diverse local social and ecological conditions for which one-size-fits-all approaches are not likely to be useful.
Serial Studies of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Content of Human Cord Blood.

SummaryA method is described by which repeated samples of human cord blood can be obtained over a short period of time. Undue prolongation increases the risk of the operation. The oxygen content of fetal blood is appreciably increased by the administration of oxygen to the mother.
Affiliation, dominance and friendship among companion dogs

Dog social behaviour has been well studied, but little is known about affiliative relationships between dogs. We report a yearlong study of dominance and affiliation in 24 dogs at a dog daycare facility and provide additional details on dog relationships through long-term observations of pairs of dogs who lived together in the same household or met frequently for years. Companion dogs formed highly differentiated relationships with one another. At daycare, some dyads affiliated and displayed one-way submission (formal dominance), others affiliated without a dominance relationship (egalitarian), and the majority of dyads did not affiliate at all (agonistic or non-interactive). The dogs in household environments showed formal and egalitarian relationships, and two dyads exchanged two-way agonism without submission (unresolved). Sex influenced the types of relationships dogs formed, with mixed sex dyads more likely to affiliate and less likely to exhibit dominance than same-sex pairs. Dominance influenced the nature of affiliation in relationships; egalitarian dyads were more likely to play and showed more equitable gentle affiliation. Gentle affiliation was reciprocal in the group as a whole, but it was highly skewed in many dyads, especially those with dominance relationships. Gentle affiliation was usually, but not always, directed up the hierarchy. Certain dyads affiliated at much higher rates than others, indicating that the dogs formed friendships. Most friends were mixed sex and/or egalitarian pairs, but friendships occurred in all of the sex class/dominance combinations. Long-term observations demonstrated how dyadic relationships can change over time. Such highly differentiated relationships suggest significant social complexity in dogs.
Hugh of St Victor, Isaiah’s Vision, and De arca Noe

Hugh of St Victor’s two treatises on Noah’s Ark, De arca Noe morali and De arca Noe mystica, are major twelfth-century writings on the contemplative life with a significant relationship to the medieval iconographie tradition. Both refer to a drawing that symbolically presents the spiritual teaching of the treatises. Unfortunately this drawing no longer exists, but De arca Noe mystica describes it in detail. That description and passages in De arca Noe morali show that the drawing had three major iconographie elements: (1) a figure of Christ ‘seated in majesty’ as seen in a vision by the prophet Isaiah (Isaiah 6); (2) a symbolic cosmos, with the earth at the centre, surrounded by the regions of aer and aether; and (3) a schematized drawing of Noah’s Ark, depicting it as a three-storeyed, pyramidal vessel viewed from above. These three ‘units’ were arranged so that the figure of Christ held the symbolic cosmos in front of his body (with only his head, hands, and feet visible), while the diagram of the Ark was placed in the centre of the symbolic cosmos so that the earth surrounded the Ark.
Analysis of Clonorchis sinensis and Geohelminthes prevalence in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2010

Objective To study Clonorchis sinensis and Geohelminthes infection status in Guangzhou,assess the control and prevention effect and provide basis for setting the strategy for prevention and treatment.Methods Samples were collected by means of the stratified random cluster method from 2006 to 2010.Parasite eggs were detected by the method of kato-katz thick pachy-smear of stool samples.Results 11 477 stool samples were test and the total infection rate was 9.31%.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 7.46%.The average infection rate was 24.39% in 2009;Panyu has the highest infection rate of 34.48%,followed by the Nansha and Huangpu.Rural areas of Zengcheng and Nansha were still has a considerable infection of Geohelminthes.The infection rates among different districts were significantly different(P0.01).Conclusion Clonorchis sinensis infection is still at a higher level and Geohelminthes infection is significantly decreased,Effective integrated control measures should be taken to reduce the infection of parasite.
The Impact of Inappropriate Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Shocks on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality.

BACKGROUND The impact of inappropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) shocks on cardiac outcomes is controversial. Shocks due to lead noise are unique in that they are not an outcome of worsening rhythm status. In this study, we compared the outcome of patients with and without inappropriate shocks who underwent Sprint Fidelis lead (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) extraction. METHODS We retrospectively identified 147 patients who underwent Sprint Fidelis lead extraction in our institution between May 2007 and August 2012. The patients were separated into those with (Group 1) and without (Group 2) inappropriate shocks due to lead noise. Pertinent data were obtained from chart review. RESULTS There were 57 and 90 patients in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation number of inappropriate shocks in Group 1 was 16 ± 22. There was no difference in the baseline demographics, risk factors, and cardiac history between the groups. There were no extraction-related deaths and there was no difference in the rate of periprocedural complications between the groups. The mean total hospital length of stay (LOS) was longer for Group 1 versus 2; however, the mean postprocedure LOS was the same between the groups. During follow-up, there was no difference in the cardiac readmission rate over a 1-year period (four vs seven patients in Group 1 vs 2, respectively; P = 0.8). Long-term follow-up revealed similar mortality rates in both groups. (18 patients in Group 1, and 21 patients in Group 2; P = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS Inappropriate shocks due to lead noise do not seem to predispose to a worse clinical outcome after ICD lead extraction.
Mission 1: Assembling and Documenting the Data

Historical data, often of great value, lie widely dispersed and in inconsistent forms — previously inaccessible and unreadable. Digitization projects have begun to process historical data, and CHIA provides a way to coordinate this work. Print resources such as the British Parliamentary Papers and archival records from Lisbon, Rome, and Beijing await inclusion. The crowdsourcing infrastructure, Col*Fusion, may be a great step forward in linking datasets. The Col*Fusion process records data plus detailed metadata on source, place, time, specifics of the topic, and on modifications to the data. Each dataset, as incorporated, benefits from a program of digital stewardship, carefully preserving it and ensuring that users of a dataset will cite the author.
Stripping and Transforming Alloyed Semiconductor Quantum Dots via Atomic Interdiffusion

We report the transformation of near-infrared CdSeTe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) that are exposed to water. When the colloidal QDs with 840 nm emission wavelength and 75 nm spectral line width are self-assembled on water surface and transferred to an oxide-coated silicon wafer using a Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) procedure, two prominent relatively sharp photoluminescence (PL) bands are observed at ∼630 and ∼660 nm peak wavelengths with line width of ∼23 and ∼39 nm, respectively. On the other hand, the PL spectrum of the QDs as they are assembled on the water surface is essentially the same as that of the solution phase. Structural analysis of the LB films shows that the QDs are stripped off the stabilizing excess surfactant molecules by the preferential interaction at the water–air interface. After the film is transferred, the QDs are interfaced with each other and with the substrate directly, while covered with the stack of surfactant molecules from the top. Based on analysis of the chemical composition using X-ra...
Abstract 2947: MicroRNA 10b, 27a and 27b are involved in the resistance to treatment with epidermal growth factor tyrosine inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in EGFR mutant lung cancer cell line

EGFR TKIs are now standard of care in lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation. Invariably, these patients develop resistance and require treatment with another EGFR TKI or chemotherapy. The gate-keeper mutation T790M is responsible for about 50% of resistance. Rocelitinib(R) is a third generation EGFR TKI active in lung cancer cells with T790M mutation. Other mechanisms may also confer resistance in these patients. High expression of microRNA (miR)-10 is associated with worse prognosis in resected lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation. Both miR-27a and 27b are associated with increased expression of c-met which is a potential mechanism of resistance to EGFR TKI. We hypothesized that miR 10b and 27a and 27b modulate resistance in E-resistant lung cancer cells. Material and Methods Lung cancer cell lines with EGFR mutation HCC827 and HCC4006 were treated with 5 nM of Erlotinib (E) for 72 hours. E-resistant cells were then treated with R at 21.5 nM for 72h. The cells were harvested and microRNA profiling was performed by real time PCR. HTB177 cell line without EGFR mutation was used as control. Results We observed increased expression of miR-10b and miR-27a in HCC4006 compared to control cells HTB 177 cells; miR-27b is upregulated in HCC827 cell line. The increased expression of miR-10b and miR 27a were higher in CRL-2871 than the control cells 9-fold and 8-fold, respectively. MicroRNA- 27b was increased 300-fold in HCC827 compared with control. Treatment with R reduced the proliferation in HCC827 to 30% and in HCC4006 to 50% compared to control. It did not inhibit the proliferation of HTB177 cells. R increase miR-10b in HCC4006 by 3-fold, miR-27a by 1.5-fold; in HCC827 it reduced miR-10b to 0.4, miR-27a to 0.4 and miR-27B 0.5. Conclusion We observed upregulation of miR-10b, 27a and 27b in lung cancer cells lines with EGFR mutation that were resistant to E treatment. Treatment of E resistant cells with R reduced proliferation and changed the expression of miR-10b, 27a and 27b. Our results suggest an epigenetic mechanism of resistance in addition to the T790M mutation. MicroRNAs may be studied as targets for developing novel approach for to treating patients with EGFR TKI resistance. Citation Format: Hannah Montes, Emma B D Reyes, Mukut Sharma, Chao H. Huang. MicroRNA 10b, 27a and 27b are involved in the resistance to treatment with epidermal growth factor tyrosine inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in EGFR mutant lung cancer cell line. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2947.
Convex synthesis of optimal policies for Markov Decision Processes with sequentially-observed transitions

This paper extends finite state and action space Markov Decision Process (MDP) models by introducing a new type of measurement for the outcomes of actions. The new measurement allows to sequentially observe the next-state transition for taking an action, i.e., the actions are ordered and the next action outcome in the sequence is observed only if the current action is not chosen. The sequentially-observed MDP (SO-MDP) shares some properties with a standard MDP: among history dependent policies, Markovian ones are still optimal. SO-MDP policies have the advantage of producing better rewards than standard optimal MDP policies due to additional measurements. Computing these policies, on the other hand, is more complex and we present a linear programming based synthesis of the optimal decision policies for the finite horizon SO-MDPs. A simulation example of multiple autonomous agents is also provided to demonstrate the SO-MDP model and the proposed policy synthesis method.
The history of artificial insemination: Selected notes and notables

Artificial insemination (AI) was the first great biotechnology applied to improve reproduction and genetics of farm animals. It has had an enormous impact worldwide in many species, particularly in dairy cattle. The acceptance of AI technology worldwide provided the impetus for developing other technologies, such as cryopreservation and sexing of sperm, estrous cycle regulation, and embryo harvesting, freezing, culture and transfer, and cloning. New, highly effective methods of sire evaluation were developed. The history of development of AI is reviewed, particularly in dairy cattle, in which the impact on genetic improvement and control of venereal diseases have been greatest. Other
Design Concept of a Reverse Osmosis Reject Irrigated Landscape: Connecting Source to Sabkha

Feasibility studies in Arizona (U.S.A.) have determined that ocean delivery is a viable disposal option for saline waste water when sourced from near coastline regions. Use of open canals to transport waste water and use of evaporation ponds to reduce waste water volume are standard engineering practices. Engineered designs tend to focus on practicality and efficiency without regard to principles of landscape ecology. The concept of a saline ecosystem with landscape pattern incorporated as the vehicle for an evapotranspiration induced sequence of ecotopes along a directional saline gradient is proposed. This model will serve as a constructive, ecologically-based method to reduce reverse osmosis concentrate waste volume while increasing salinity during transport from source (RO facility) to sink (sabkha). In the process, biota is allowed to self-organize into marsh habitat and the system of pattern creates potential for plant and microbial crops. Potential for research use of the ecosystem is illustrated in light of a conceptual plan for the Santa Clara Slough, located at the northern end of the Sea of Cortez in the Gulf of California.
Application of Circumferential Compression Device (Binder) in Pelvic Injuries: Room for Improvement.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION The use of a noninvasive pelvic circumferential compression device (PCCD) to achieve pelvic stabilization by both decreasing pelvic volume and limiting inter-fragmentary motion, has become commonplace and is a well-established component of ATLS protocol in the treatment of pelvic ring injuries. The Purpose of this study was to evaluate 1) how consistently a PCCD was placed on patients who arrived at our Hospital with unstable pelvic ring injuries 2) if they were placed in a timely manner and 3) if hemodynamic instability influenced their use . METHODS An IRB approved retrospective study was preformed on 112 consecutive unstable pelvic ring injuries, managed over a 2 year period at our Level 1 Trauma center. Our Hospital Electronic Medical Record was used to review EMT, Physician , Nurse’s , Operative notes and radiographic images in order to obtain information on the injury and PCCD application. The injuries were classified by an Orthopaedic Trauma Surgeon and a senior Orthopaedic Resident. Proper application of a pelvic binder using a sheet is demonstrated. RESULTS Only 47% of unstable pelvic fractures received PCCD placement, despite being the standard of care according to ATLS. Lateral Compression mechanism pelvic injuries received PCCDs in 33% of cases, while AP Compression and Vertical sheer injuries had applications in 63% of cases. Most of these PCCD devices were applied after imaging (72%) Hemodynamic instability did not influence PCCD application. CONCLUSION PCCD placement was missed in many (37%) of APC and VS mechanism injuries, where their application can be critical to providing stability. Furthermore, in order to provide rapid stability, Pelvic circumferential compression devices should be applied after secondary examination, rather than after waiting for imaging results. Better education on, exam of the pelvis during the secondary survey, timing and technique of PCCD placement at our institution is required in order to improve treatment of pelvic ring injuries.
Simple and Efficient Weighted Minwise Hashing

Weighted minwise hashing (WMH) is one of the fundamental subroutine, required by many celebrated approximation algorithms, commonly adopted in industrial practice for large -scale search and learning. The resource bottleneck with WMH is the computation of multiple (typically a few hundreds to thousands) independent hashes of the data. We propose a simple rejection type sampling scheme based on a carefully designed red-green map, where we show that the number of rejected sample has exactly the same distribution as weighted minwise sampling. The running time of our method, for many practical datasets, is an order of magnitude smaller than existing methods. Experimental evaluations, on real datasets, show that for computing 500 WMH, our proposal can be 60000x faster than the Ioffe's method without losing any accuracy. Our method is also around 100x faster than approximate heuristics capitalizing on the efficient ``densified" one permutation hashing schemes~\cite{Proc:OneHashLSH_ICML14,Proc:Shrivastava_UAI14}. Given the simplicity of our approach and its significant advantages, we hope that it will replace existing implementations in practice.
Bioconversion of sorghum and cowpea by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.)) larvae for alternative protein production

The larvae and prepupae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) have been explored as a means for alternate protein production for feed for animals that are raised for human food. However, processes for production of these and other insects must be refined if cultivation is to become widespread and efficient. In this study, black soldier fly larvae were fed one of six diets, consisting of the Gainesville house fly diet (control), and five diets of varying ratios of sorghum and cowpea. Effects on life-history traits and nutritional content of prepupae were observed. Flies were able to successfully complete larval development on all diets tested. There were significant differences in development rates based on diet, particularly the diets containing a higher percentage of sorghum. In general, larvae reared on the sorghum diets (which were lower in protein than that of the cowpea diets), developed slower (3-9 days longer from larval eclosion to the prepupal stage) than those...
Tourism and crime: A conference

Abstract This conference did not solve the problem of crime in tourist-recreation destination regions. It did, however, allow interested participants an opportunity to inventory and generalized the crime problems and prospects as they related to a few destination regions in the Southeast. Differing criminal laws, law enforcement, gun-control laws, sentencing practices, and jury selection leave little doubt as to the truth of the statement that punishment for a crime is dependent on where the crime takes place. ∠ Further study of deceptive crime statistics and criminal characteristics for rural America is a much needed research goal for the planning and design of more viable tourist-recreation destination regions.
HDS of dibenzothiophene with CoMoS2 synthesized using elemental sulfur

Abstract An unsupported cobalt molybdenum sulfide catalyst was prepared using ammonium heptamolybdate, cobalt nitrate and elemental sulfur under reflux in ammonium hydroxide. The crystal structure of the precursor was identified using XRD and was determined to be a mix of CoMoO 4 and elemental sulfur. The refluxed samples were decomposed in a tube furnace at 450 °C under a constant flow of 10% H 2 :90% Ar gas mix. The freshly prepared catalyst was characterized using XRD and the LeBail fitting procedure, which confirmed the sample was a biphasic mixture of Co 9 S 8 MoS 2 . The synthesized sample was tested for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene at 350 °C. The removal of the dibenzothiophene was found to follow pseudo zeroth order reaction with two catalytic rates of 1.63 × 10 −5 mol L −1 ·s −1 for the first 3.5 h and 6.81 × 10 −5 mol L −1 ·s −1 observed in the second 1.5 h (or catalytic activities of 24.5 and 9.27 mol g −1 s −1 ). After 5 h of reaction, the catalyst showed approximately 93% conversion of the dibenzothiophene. The primary product of the hydrodesulfurization of the dibenzothiophene was biphenyl, which was approximately 80% of the products, and the minor product was cyclohexylbenzene at approximately 13%.
Robust Residual Generation for Fault Diagnosis Thru Pattern Classification

Abstract A new residual generation methodology using pattern classification is proposed for fault detection and isolation (FDI). This methodology also benefits from feedback training so as to provide robustness to modeling uncertainty and noise in residual transformation and fault signature estimation. Residual transformation in this methodology is performed by a neural network that represents the dynamics of the process, and fault signature estimation is performed by another network that maps the transformed residuals to faults. To demonstrate the concept, in this paper a time-delay net is used for residual transformation, and a multi-valued influence matrix (MVIM) for fault isolation. A salient feature of MVIM is its ability to provide measures of uniqueness and repeatability for fault signatures. These measures are used here as feedback for training the time-delay net based on a batch of measurement-fault data obtained by simulation from a perturbed model of the process. The results indicate that the proposed methodology can perform effective diagnostics in presence of modeling uncertainty and noise.
The Structure, Growth and Application of Scientific Knowledge: Reflections on Relevance and the Future of Philosophy of Science

I would like to make it clear at the outset that this paper is not about a problem in the philosophy of science; it is about the philosophy of science itself. Furthermore, the discussion will not be confined to developments internal to philosophy of science but will include considerations of external factors and their possible relations to the philosophy of science. The justification for this departure from standard practice is simply that the issues to be discussed seem to be enough on many peoples’ minds to justify bringing them out into the public arena.
Feather-Eating In Grebes: A 500-Year Conundrum

ABSTRACT Grebes are unique among birds in ingesting their own feathers. This behavior and the subsequent ejection of feathers as pellets have long puzzled ornithologists, who have tended to treat feather-eating and pellet-casting as independent behaviors rather than as complementary components of the digestive process. The diet of many grebes, including those with the most ancestral traits, is dominated by small invertebrates whose exoskeletons are resistant to digestion. Most birds eat grit to mechanically break down hard foods. Not so with grebes, which are chemical digesters. Feather-eating performs two main functions. The first is to retain food until it is fully digested; this is accomplished by a large feather bolus in the gizzard. The second, provided by a distinct group of feathers in the pyloric pouch, is to filter undigested or indigestible items from entering the intestine. Some of the gizzard bolus is probably regurgitated nightly, but the process is incomplete and undigested food can persist ...
The Federal Rules of Inmate Appeals

The Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure turn fifty in 2018. During the Rules’ half-century of existence, the number of federal appeals by self-represented, incarcerated litigants has grown dramatically. This article surveys ways in which the procedure for inmate appeals has evolved over the past 50 years, and examines the challenges of designing procedures with confined litigants in mind. In the initial decades under the Appellate Rules, the most visible developments concerning the procedure for inmate appeals arose from the interplay between court decisions and the federal rulemaking process. But, as court dockets swelled, the circuits also developed local case management practices that significantly affect inmate appeals. And, in the 1990s, Congress enacted legislation that produced major changes in inmate litigation, including inmate appeals. In the coming years, the most notable new driver of change in the procedure for inmate appeals may be the advent of opportunities for electronic court filing within prisons. That nascent development illustrates the ways in which the particulars of procedure in inmate appeals are shaped by systems in prisons, jails, and other facilities – and underscores the salience of local court practices and institutional partnerships.
Diverse Impacts of HIV Latency-Reversing Agents on CD8+ T-Cell Function: Implications for HIV Cure.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens durably suppress HIV replication, but do not cure infection. This is partially attributable to the persistence of long-lived pools of resting CD4+ T-cells harboring latent replication-competent virus. Substantial clinical and pre-clinical research is currently being directed at purging this viral reservoir by combining pharmacological latency reversal with immune effectors, such as HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells, capable of eliminating reactivated targets – the so called ‘shock-and-kill’ approach. However, several studies indicate the latency reversing agents may affect CD8+ T-cell function. The current review aims to frame recent advances, and ongoing challenges, in implementing ‘shock-and-kill’ strategies from the perspective of effectively harnessing CD8+ T-cells. We review and contextualize findings indicating that latency reversing agents often have unintended impacts on CD8+ T-cell function, both detrimental and beneficial. We identify and attempt to bridge the gap between viral reactivation, as measured by the detection of RNA or protein, and bona fide presentation of viral antigens to CD8+ T-cells. Finally, we highlight factors on the effector (CD8+) and target (CD4+) cell sides that contribute to whether or not infected cell recognition results in killing/elimination. These perspectives may contribute to an integrated view of ‘shock-and-kill’, with implications for therapeutic development.
Applying the Theory of an Epistemological Belief System to the Investigation of Students' and Professors' Mathematical Beliefs

This is an investigation of university students’ beliefs about the nature of mathematical knowledge and learning. Twenty undergraduates and four mathematicians were asked to describe their beliefs using analogies and percentages. Comparisons between groups revealed that students were somewhat similar to mathematicians in beliefs about the control and speed of learning, and the source of knowledge. Students were dissimilar to mathematicians in beliefs about the structure, certainty, and justification of knowledge. Students who believed mathematical knowledge is a linear and unchanging, reported using superficial study habits.
Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions.

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
Old fibroblasts secrete inflammatory cytokines that drive variability in reprogramming efficiency and may affect wound healing between old individuals

Age-associated chronic inflammation (inflammaging) has emerged as a central hallmark of aging1-3, but its impact on specific cells is still largely unknown. Fibroblasts are present in all tissues and contribute to wound healing4-6. They are also the cell type that is mostly used for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) reprogramming7 - a process that has implications for regenerative medicine and rejuvenation strategies8-17. Here we show that primary fibroblasts from old mice secrete inflammatory cytokines and that there is an increased variability in reprogramming efficiency between fibroblast cultures from old individuals. Individual-to-individual variability is emerging as a key feature of old age18-21, which could reflect distinct aging trajectories, but the underlying causes remain unknown. To identify drivers of this variability, we perform a multi-omic assessment of young and old fibroblast cultures with different reprogramming efficiency. This approach, coupled with single cell transcriptomics, reveals that old fibroblast cultures are heterogeneous and show a greater proportion of "activated fibroblasts" that secrete inflammatory cytokines, which correlates with reprogramming efficiency. We experimentally validate that activated fibroblasts express inflammatory cytokines in vivo and that their presence is linked to enhanced reprogramming efficiency in culture. Conditioned-media swapping experiments show that extrinsic factors secreted by activated fibroblasts are more critical than intrinsic factors for the individual-to-individual variability in reprogramming efficiency, and we identify TNFα as a key inflammatory cytokine underlying this variability. Interestingly, old mice also exhibit variability in wound healing efficiency in vivo and old wounds show an increased subpopulation of activated fibroblasts with a unique TNFα signature. Our study shows that a switch in fibroblast composition, and the ratio of inflammatory cytokines they secrete, drives variability in reprogramming in vitro and may influence wound healing in vivo. These findings could help identify personalized strategies to improve iPSC generation and wound healing in older individuals.
Pediatric Office Delivery of Smoking Cessation Assistance for Breast-Feeding Mothers.

INTRODUCTION National and international organizations have done an excellent job of advocating and promoting breast feeding for all mothers. This study assessed to what extent an intervention increased delivery of cessation assistance to breast-feeding mothers who smoke. METHODS Data were collected between April and October 2015 in five US states as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial in 10 pediatric practices. Practices were randomized to the Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure (CEASE) intervention or usual care control arms. Mothers were asked about their smoking status and breast-feeding history during a screening interview upon exiting the practice and eligible mothers who agreed to participate in an enrollment interview were asked if they received smoking cessation assistance during their child's visit. Mothers with a child 1 year old and younger were included in the analyses. RESULTS Current breast feeding was associated with a reduced likelihood of current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.38, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.25 to 0.57) and a greater likelihood of quitting smoking (aOR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.29 to 4.21) after controlling for known confounders. Mothers who concurrently smoked and breast-fed were more likely to be asked about smoking (66.7% vs. 28.6%, p = .01), advised to quit (61.1% vs. 21.4%, p < .01), prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (50.0% vs. 0%, p < .001), and enrolled into the quitline (27.8% vs. 0%, p < .01) at CEASE practices compared to control practices. CONCLUSION Breast-feeding mothers were less likely to be current smokers and more likely to have recently quit smoking. Among mothers who continue to smoke and breast feed, the CEASE intervention enhances delivery of smoking cessation assistance. IMPLICATIONS Breast feeding and eliminating infants' exposure to tobacco smoke are important protective factors for serious pediatric health risks including sudden infant death. This study shows that breast feeding was positively associated with desirable tobacco control outcomes, specifically that breast feeding was associated with a lower likelihood of smoking among ever smokers and a greater likelihood of recently quitting smoking. This is also the first study to look specifically at delivery of smoking cessation assistance to breast-feeding mothers seen at pediatric offices and demonstrates the effectiveness of delivering evidence-based smoking cessation assistance to them in this context. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01882348).
Mechanical energy dissipation in polydomain nematic liquid crystal elastomers in response to oscillating loading

Abstract Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit exotic mechanical behaviors such as reversible actuation, elevated loss tangent above the glass transition, and soft elasticity; however, LCEs have yet to be thoroughly investigated under high-strain cyclic loading. This study explores a main-chain polydomain nematic elastomer synthesized from a thiol-acrylate Michael-addition reaction in the nematic state. Low-strain (i.e.,
Ternary Device using Graphene Memcapacitor for Post Binary Era

Ternary logic devices are expected to lead to an exponential increase of the information handling capability, which binary logic cannot support. Memcapacitor is an emerging device that exhibits hysteresis behavior, which can be manipulated by external parameters, such as, the applied electric field or voltage. One of the unique properties of the memcapacitor is that by using the percolation approach, we can achieve Metal-Insulator-Transition (MIT) phenomenon, which can be utilized to obtain a staggered hysteresis loop. For multivalued logic devices staggered hysteresis behavior is the critical requirement. In this paper, we propose a new conceptual design of a ternary logic device by vertically stacking dielectric material interleaved with layers of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) between the two external metal plates. The proposed device structure displays the memcapacitive behavior with the fast switching metal-to-insulator transition in picosecond scale. The device model is later extended into a vertical-cascaded version, which performs as a ternary device.
Predictors of Donor/Host (D/H) Lineage Specific Chimerism Trends in Pediatric Patients Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

The outcome of allogeneic HCT is dependent on several pre-transplant variables. We hypothesize that these pre-transplant factors may influence the donor/host chimerism post HCT, which in its turn may affect the outcome. We performed an analysis to study lineage specific D/H chimerism patterns of total blood leukocytes, myeloid cells/neutrophils, B-cells, NK-cells and T-cells. All consecutive patients who underwent an allogeneic HCT between 01/2010 to 06/2015 on the Pediatric BMT Service at MSKCC were reviewed. Chimerism analyses were performed by short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphism analysis at the American Red Cross Blood Services (Philadelphia, PA). Lineage specific donor chimerism post HCT was studied including donor chimerism trend, and factors with potential impact on chimerism including: age, disease, graft source, and T-cell depletion (TCD). Preliminary analyzes performed on this cohort included Wilcoxon Rank Test and cox proportional hazard analyses. 140 patients with a median age of 11.5 years were included. They included 97 patients with hematologic malignancies, 27 patients with non-malignant hematologic disorders and 16 patients with immunologic disorders. Cytoreduction included TBI in 48 patients or chemotherapy only in 98 patients. 105 patients received T-cell depleted grafts, 28 patients unmodified marrow or peripheral blood grafts, and 7 patients unrelated cord blood grafts. No patients received donor leukocyte infusions (DLI). Observational studies revealed that full donor chimerism of myeloid cells, B-cells and NK-cells, but not T-cells occurred early post-transplant. In Wilcoxon Rank Test, there was no difference in the percentage of total donor leukocytes at 3 months vs 12 months post HSCT (n=30), while the median of donor T-cell chimerism was 51% at 3 months and 91% at 12 months post HSCT (p The studies of the impact of different factors on chimerism were performed, including age, disease, and type of graft. Loss of donor total leukocytes chimerism between 3 and 12 months post-transplant was significantly more pronounced for patients This preliminary analysis of lineage specific chimerism post-transplant showed that donor T-cells may take one year to fully recover post-transplant, mostly following T-cell depleted grafts, without intervention. Cord blood grafts were associated with high donor chimerism throughout the post-transplant period. Lastly, factors associated with loss of donor chimerism post-transplant were younger age and non-malignant disorders. More in-depth analyses are being performed.
Connecting Strategies to Resources: Scale Development of a Resource Bundle for Internet Retailing

AbstractService strategy literature emphasizes the alignment of target market, service concept, and service delivery system. This article reports scale development of a resource bundle that is usef...
Structure Moisture Monitoring of an 8-Story Mass Timber Building in the Pacific Northwest

AbstractThe use of mass timber structural products (such as glulam and cross-laminated timber) in commercial buildings is increasing in prevalence around the world. Whereas moisture management duri...
Soluble ST2 Is Associated With New Epileptiform Abnormalities Following Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose- We evaluated the association between 2 types of predictors of delayed cerebral ischemia after nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, including biomarkers of the innate immune response and neurophysiologic changes on continuous electroencephalography. Methods- We studied subarachnoid hemorrhage patients that had at least 72 hours of continuous electroencephalography and blood samples collected within the first 5 days of symptom onset. We measured inflammatory biomarkers previously associated with delayed cerebral ischemia and functional outcome, including soluble ST2 (sST2), IL-6 (interleukin-6), and CRP (C-reactive protein). Serial plasma samples and cerebrospinal fluid sST2 levels were available in a subgroup of patients. Neurophysiologic changes were categorized into new or worsening epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) or new background deterioration. The association of biomarkers with neurophysiologic changes were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid sST2 were further examined longitudinally using repeated measures mixed-effects models. Results- Forty-six patients met inclusion criteria. Seventeen (37%) patients developed new or worsening EAs, 21 (46%) developed new background deterioration, and 8 (17%) developed neither. Early (day, 0-5) plasma sST2 levels were higher among patients with new or worsening EAs (median 115 ng/mL [interquartile range, 73.8-197]) versus those without (74.7 ng/mL [interquartile range, 44.8-102]; P=0.024). Plasma sST2 levels were similar between patients with or without new background deterioration. Repeated measures mixed-effects modeling that adjusted for admission risk factors showed that the association with new or worsening EAs remained independent for both plasma sST2 (β=0.41 [95% CI, 0.09-0.73]; P=0.01) and cerebrospinal fluid sST2 (β=0.97 [95% CI, 0.14-1.8]; P=0.021). IL-6 and CRP were not associated with new background deterioration or with new or worsening EAs. Conclusions- In patients admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage, sST2 level was associated with new or worsening EAs but not new background deterioration. This association may identify a link between a specific innate immune response pathway and continuous electroencephalography abnormalities in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
The Role of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Skin cancers remain the most common group of cancers globally, and the incidence continues to rise. Although localized skin cancers tend to have excellent outcomes following surgical excisions, the less common cases that become surgically unresectable or metastatic have been associated with poor prognosis and suboptimal treatment responses to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Development of monoclonal antibodies to programmed cell death-1 receptor and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) have transformed the management of metastatic melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma. These agents, as monotherapies, are associated with response rates of approximately 40-60%, many of which persist durably. Further efficacy is observed with combination immunotherapy in advanced melanoma. Early reports suggest similar activity in locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma. In this review, we describe common molecular features of skin cancers that may render them particularly susceptible to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and detail results from key clinical trials of these agents across skin cancers. Overall, the superior response rates of skin cancer to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 compared with other solid tumor types are likely due, at least in part, to a high mutational burden and, in Merkel cell carcinoma, viral etiology. Although melanoma has been rigorously studied in the setting of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, more research is needed for the other skin cancer types to establish toxicity profiles, responses, and quality-of-life outcomes.
Training providers at Children’s Advocacy Centers to treat early childhood trauma: Perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and sustainability

Abstract Nearly half of child maltreatment victims are under the age of six, yet mental health providers are rarely trained in evidence-based treatments for this population. As interdisciplinary agencies that coordinate responses to child maltreatment, Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs) are well-positioned to facilitate access to trauma-focused treatment for an early childhood population, provided the proper training. The present study was a qualitative evaluation of the implementation of Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), a treatment that addresses traumatic stress and child-parent attachment in children ages 0–5, in a statewide network of seventeen CACs. Participants were 17 clinicians, supervisors, and senior leaders from ten CACs who completed qualitative interviews about their experiences with implementation of CPP and their plans for sustainment of CPP. They were interviewed after approximately 8 months of an 18-month CPP training initiative and again approximately 2 months after the training initiative ended. Interview transcripts were coded using a conventional content analysis approach. We identified 11 major themes related to barriers and facilitators in the implementation and sustainment of CPP in CACs. Facilitators included meaningful expansion of services and certain aspects of the training process (e.g., group supervision). Barriers included difficulties with caregiver engagement and clinicians feeling “lost” during the extended learning process for CPP. Factors anticipated to affect future sustainment of CPP included staff turnover at CACs and the availability of CPP training in the future. Our results have implications for clinicians, administrators, and policymakers interested in the use of evidence-based treatments for specialty populations in multidisciplinary settings like CACs.
A Markovian Queueing Model of Multiple Access Communications in Space

This paper describes a Markovian queueing network model of multiple access communication that captures considerations for both spacecraft operations and data transmissions duty cycle. Several performance metrics were presented to measure bandwidth efficiency and latency from both the communications and operations perspectives. Leveraging the mathematical framework derived from Jackson queueing theory, we demonstrate the use of this model by applying it to notional relay networks envisioned for Mars, Lunar, and Earth environments and analyzing the performance between frequency and code division multiple access approaches. We conclude this paper with discussions on the modeling results and the pros and cons of our model.