cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous pharmacodynamic modeling of the non-steady-state effects of three oral doses of 1,3-glyceryl dinitrate upon blood pressure in healthy volunteers.

The organic nitrate 1,3-glyceryl dinitrate (1,3-GDN) is one of the primary dinitrate metabolites of the antianginal agent nitroglycerin (GTN). Investigational New Drug Approval was sought to administer oral solution doses of 1,3-GDN to a small number (n=3) of healthy volunteers; each subject receiving three doses at 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 mg. With volunteers confined to a semirecumbent posture for the duration of each treatment (4-hr period postdose), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was recorded and plasma samples collected for 1,3-GDN concentration analysis. Appreciable concentration-related decreases in DBPwere observed, with maximal decreases from predose baseline values approximating 11 to 25 mm Hg. For each subject parametric pharmacodynamic modeling was performed with simultaneous analysis utilizing the DBPvs. time data from all three doses; an inhibitory Emaxpharmacodynamic model was adopted. The temporal relationship between plasma 1,3-GDN concentrations and DBPdisplayed rapid equilibration. For subjects 1, 2 and 3,respectively, Emaxwas predicted as 12.9, 23.4, and 29.7 mm Hg, representing 21.5, 31.6, and 39.5% decreases in DBPfrom predose baseline values;plasma concentrations at half Emax (C50)were 2.75, 2.43, and 5.93 μg/L. Utilizing pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling, 1,3-GDN plasma concentrations appear to relate to a systemic “effect measure” that is mechanistically representative of the therapeutic actions of organic nitrates as peripheral vasodilators. The establishment of a GDN plasma concentration-effect relationship together with the relatively high plasma levels of GDN achieved following GTN dosing supports the hypothesis that the GDNs contribute significantly to the hemodynamic effect observed with GTN.
Small-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of the Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) in the inshore Gulf of Maine revealed using AFLPs

Despite long planktonic durations, many species of broadcast spawning invertebrates exhibit genetic structure at small spatial and temporal scales. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms were used to assess genetic variation in the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, among four inshore and one offshore location in the Gulf of Maine and temporal genetic variation among age classes of sea scallops at one site. Our results indicated that genetic structure for P. magellanicus exists on smaller spatial scales (tens to hundreds of kilometers) than expected given the 40-day planktonic larval period. In addition, genetic differences among age classes may be influenced by inter-annual differences in larval supply or reproductive success. Future genetic studies should sample multiple age classes prior to comparison among locations.
Spouses' experiences in heart transplantation.

In this phenomenological study, in-depth interviews were used to obtain a description of spouses’ experiences in heart transplantation. Thematic analysis of the transcripts revealed four major, interrelated themes: death-life, vigilance, change, and gift. The experience was contextualized by the existential grounds of time and other people. Findings suggested that the changes inherent in the transplant experience have not been fully described in previous studies. The theme of death-life was dominant and pervasive in all interviews. As the threat of their husbands’ deaths became less prominent, wives reported difficulty letting go of their vigilance. Although the most outstanding gift was that of the donor organ, spouses also gratefully remembered the donor and donor family. Time was not perceived as a boundary separating periods of the transplant experience; all aspects of time seemed to be woven seamlessly from the past through the present and into the future. Spouses were adamant that health care person...
Clioquinol and other Hydroxyquinoline Derivatives Inhibit Aβ(1-42) Oligomer Assembly

Soluble oligomeric amyloid-beta (Abeta) species are toxic to many cell types and are a putative etiological factor in Alzheimer's disease. The NINDS-Custom Collection of 1040 drugs and biologically active compounds was robotically screened for inhibitors of Abeta oligomer formation with a single-site biotinylated Abeta(1-42) oligomer assembly assay. Several quinoline-like compounds were identified with IC(50)'s <10 microM, including the antiprotozoal clioquinol that has been reported to have effects on metal ion metabolism. The 2-OH, 4-OH, and 6-OH quinolines do not block Abeta oligomer formation up to a concentration of 100 microM. Analogs of clioquinol have shown activity in reducing Abeta levels and improving behavioral deficits in mouse models of Abeta pathology. The inhibitory effects of clioquinol and other 8-OH quinoline derivatives on oligomer formation in vitro are unrelated to their chelating activity. Crosslinking studies suggest that clioquinol acts at the stage of trimer formation. These preliminary data may suggest that 8-OH quinolines have the potential for suppressing Abeta oligomer formation which should be considered when assessing the effects of these compounds in animal models and clinical trials.
Search result diversification in resource selection for federated search

Prior research in resource selection for federated search mainly focused on selecting a small number of information sources that are most relevant to a user query. However, result novelty and diversification are largely unexplored, which does not reflect the various kinds of information needs of users in real world applications. This paper proposes two general approaches to model both result relevance and diversification in selecting sources, in order to provide more comprehensive coverage of multiple aspects of a user query. The first approach focuses on diversifying the document ranking on a centralized sample database before selecting information sources under the framework of Relevant Document Distribution Estimation (ReDDE). The second approach first evaluates the relevance of information sources with respect to each aspect of the query, and then ranks the sources based on the novelty and relevance that they offer. Both approaches can be applied with a wide range of existing resource selection algorithms such as ReDDE, CRCS, CORI and Big Document. Moreover, this paper proposes a learning based approach to combine multiple resource selection algorithms for result diversification, which can further improve the performance. We propose a set of new metrics for resource selection in federated search to evaluate the diversification performance of different approaches. To our best knowledge, this is the first piece of work that addresses the problem of search result diversification in federated search. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches has been demonstrated by an extensive set of experiments on the federated search testbed of the Clueweb dataset.
Clinical and microbiological findings in elderly subjects with gingivitis or periodontitis

The objective of the present study was to study the supra- and subgingival microflora by culture and cDNA probe methods in 20 elderly subjects who were between 62 and 93 years of age. 10 of them had gingivitis only, and 10 had periodontitis. B. forsythus (BF), P. gingivalis (PG), P. intermedia (PI), P. nigrescens (PN), A. actinomycetemcomitans (AA), T. denticola (TD), and pathogen-related oral spirochetes (PROS) were studied. Oral hygiene was similar and poor in both groups. The mean probing depth at sample sites was 6.7 mm (S.D+/-1.3) in the periodontitis group and 2.2 mm (S.D.+/-1.5) in the gingivitis group (F=17.75, p 1.0x10(5) in supra-gingival plaque samples were found in all periodontitis and in eight gingivitis subjects. 70x more black-pigmented organisms were found in supra-gingival and 185 times more in sub-gingival plaque from the periodontitis group (p 1x10(5) anaerobes. The total count of black-pigmented organisms was significantly greater in the periodontitis elders (p<0.001). cDNA probes by the Affirm DP test identified subgingival presence of BF (80%) PG (80%), PI (80%), AA (0%), TD (50%) in periodontitis subjects with BF (70%), PG (40%), PI (30%) and TD (20%) in gingivitis subjects. PROS were found in (80%) samples from periodontitis and in (60%) of gingivitis elderly. Only the quantities of PI (r=0.48, p<0.01) and TD (r=0.37, p<0.01) were associated with the disease definition. The smoking habit in the periodontitis group was significantly higher (p<0.01). A history of smoking may contribute significantly to periodontitis in the presence of pathogens.
Heat Stability and Allosteric Properties of the Maize Endosperm ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Are Intimately Intertwined

ADP-glucose (Glc) pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis, is highly regulated. Transgenic approaches in four plant species showed that alterations in either thermal stability or allosteric modulation increase starch synthesis. Here, we show that the classic regulators 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) stabilize maize (Zea mays) endosperm AGPase to thermal inactivation. In addition, we show that glycerol phosphate and ribose-5-P increase the catalytic activity of maize AGPase to the same extent as the activator 3-PGA, albeit with higher Ka (activation constant) values. Activation by fructose-6-P and Glc-6-P is comparable to that of 3-PGA. The reactants ATP and ADP-Glc, but not Glc-1-P and pyrophosphate, protect AGPase from thermal inactivation, a result consistent with the ordered kinetic mechanism reported for other AGPases. 3-PGA acts synergistically with both ATP and ADP-Glc in heat protection, decreasing the substrate concentration needed for protection and increasing the extent of protection. Characterization of a series of activators and inhibitors suggests that they all bind at the same site or at mutually exclusive sites. Pi, the classic “inhibitor” of AGPase, binds to the enzyme in the absence of other metabolites, as determined by thermal protections experiments, but does not inhibit activity. Rather, Pi acts by displacing bound activators and returning the enzyme to its activity in their absence. Finally, we show from thermal inactivation studies that the enzyme exists in two forms that have significantly different stabilities and do not interconvert rapidly.
Development of the center for living donation: incorporating the role of the nurse practitioner as director.

For decades, live organ donors have been cared for within the transplant program by the same team that cared for the recipient without any standardization, practice guidelines, or evidence-based evaluation. In an effort to improve the care of living donors, regulations and guidelines to dictate care and follow-up have been instituted. Practices still vary from center to center, and the quality of care that live donors receive also varies. A "Living Donor Center" focused solely on the care of actual and potential donors before and after donation is one way to provide the infrastructure to comply with regulatory mandates and deliver high-quality care to this specialized population of patients. A Center for Living Donation was developed within a Transplantation Institute to address the short- and long-term needs of live donors and confine all donor care to a team of experts led by a doctorally prepared nurse practitioner as the director. A transplant nurse practitioner is uniquely poised to assume such a rol...
Medical Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Children

Chronic heart failure (CHF) in children occurs mostly as a result of systolic dysfunction of the systemic ventricle or of congenital defects leading to large left-to-right shunts and pulmonary overcirculation. The ensuing symptoms and signs are similar in both cases, and include respiratory distress, poor feeding and growth, and hepatic congestion. Grading the severity of the symptoms accurately and reproducibly is important for studying CHF and the response to therapy. The Ross classification for young children and the New York Heart Association classification for older children are frequently utilized for such grading.
Scheduling partitioned algorithms on processor arrays with limited communication supports

It is important that array designs, especially the scheduling of partitioned arrays, must cope with various kinds of communication constraints such as interconnection topology, channel bandwidth, and inhomogeneous communication delay. The interprocessor communication requirements can be dictated by the dependence vectors and size of the partitioned tiles. A folded constraint graph is created to describe timing constraints between computation and communication events. An integer-programming based method can then be adopted to find an optimal execution schedule, including offset between the start times of processors, which satisfies these constraints. >
The short-term regulation of foraging in harvester ants

In the seed-eating ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus, the return of successful foragers stimulates inactive foragers to leave the nest. The rate at which successful foragers return to the nest depends on food availability; the more food available, the more quickly foragers will find it and bring it back. Field experiments examined how quickly a colony can adjust to a decline in the rate of forager return, and thus to a decline in food availability, by slowing down foraging activity. In response to a brief, 3- to 5-min reduction in the forager return rate, foraging activity usually decreased within 2‐3 min and then recovered within 5 min. This indicates that whether an inactive forager leaves the nest on its next trip depends on its very recent experience of the rate of forager return. On some days, colonies responded more to a change in forager return rate. The rapid colony response to fluctuations in forager return rate, enabling colonies to act as risk-averse foragers, may arise from the limited interval over which an ant can track its encounters with returning foragers. Key words: foraging dynamics, interaction network, risk sensitivity. [Behav Ecol]
Multi-monitor mouse

Multiple-monitor computer configurations significantly increase the distances that users must traverse with the mouse when interacting with existing applications, resulting in increased time and effort. We introduce the Multi-Monitor Mouse (M3) technique, which virtually simulates having one mouse pointer per monitor when using a single physical mouse device. M3 allows for conventional control of the mouse within each monitor's screen, while permitting immediate warping across monitors when desired to increase mouse traversal speed. We report the results of a user study in which we compared three implementations of M3 and two cursor placement strategies. Our results suggest that using M3 significantly increases interaction speed in a multi-monitor environment. All eight study participants strongly preferred M3 to the regular mouse behavior.
Modal reflection of quarter-wave mirrors in vertical-cavity lasers

Very high plane-wave reflection coefficients can be obtained with practical semiconductor quarter-wave mirrors, but for beams of finite width, the reflection coefficient of a mirror with no lateral guiding and hence the finesse of cavities that use such structures will be limited by diffraction loss. The authors analytically and numerically study the modal reflection of practical semiconductor quarter-wave mirrors. They introduce a quantity called the diffraction range of a quarter-wave mirror as a means of exact analytical comparison between infinite lossless mirrors (and approximate comparison for finite mirrors) in the Fresnel diffraction limit. The exact modal reflection coefficient for an arbitrary incident mode pattern is determined by vector plane-wave decomposition. The modal reflection coefficients of two representative semiconductor quarter-wave mirrors used in vertical cavity laser technology, AlAs/GaAs and InGaAsP/InP, are studied. >
Curriculum for a Bachelor of Science degree with a major in information systems engineering

The authors propose a curriculum for a bachelor's degree in information systems engineering that is coherent and starts from basic sciences as appropriate for an undergraduate engineering program. Besides the basic sciences and mathematics, areas of engineering sciences and design selected from digital electronics, computer science, and electrical engineering are integrated to achieve the desired program coverage and coherence. >
Trachoma, antibiotics and randomised controlled trials

Role of randomised clinical trials in public health: distribution of mass antibiotics for trachoma control In this issue, Wright et al 1 discuss the role of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in public health. They suggest that not all decisions can be based on evidence from RCTs, and they use the distribution of mass antibiotics for trachoma control as an example. The authors refer to several reports in which the prevalence of infection was dramatically lower after mass azithromycin distributions, but which had no control groups for comparison.2–5 They contend that a large RCT which randomised communities to different treatment strategies would be too difficult, too expensive and too unethical to conduct, and that treatment recommendations are needed immediately to prevent blindness. The particular example that the authors choose is an interesting one. Antibiotics are clearly effective in eliminating chlamydia.6–8 Infection has stayed low for months, if not years, after a single community-wide antibiotic distribution.2–4 But the long-term efficacy of mass treatment had not been rigorously shown in a group-randomised trial, at least not in time for a Cochrane Collaboration report on the topic (most recently updated in 2005).9,10 The report highlighted the fact that many studies have been uncontrolled and non-blinded. For an outcome, several have relied on clinical activity, which has never been shown to be a particularly good marker for ocular chlamydial infection.11–13 Those trials that did randomise by group typically included far too few …
A computer-mediated assessment of the salmon smolts' spring migration

This article explains the design and use of a computer-mediated assessment of the spring migration of salmon smolts on the Snake and Columbia rivers. It begins with a discussion of the students and their program of study. It then describes the assignment, which calls for a simulation analysis of various proposals to increase the number of smolts that survive the migration. The article explains three software programs that permit a large number of undergraduates to perform the required analyses. It then concludes with observations on students' learning and the author's plans to expand the exercise.
Approaches to tobacco control: the evidence base

Tobacco production, distribution, and use are international issues with significant health and economic implications. This paper provides an overview of the effective approaches to tobacco control including decreasing demand for tobacco products through taxation, consumer education, research, bans on advertising and promotion, warning labels, and restrictions on public smoking. The effectiveness of reducing the supply of tobacco products through prohibition, restrictions on youth access, crop substitution, trade restrictions, and control of smuggling, will also be discussed. Decreasing smoking, particularly among young people, by preventing or delaying initiation, preventing regular use, and increasing cessation through behavioural approaches for all ages is reviewed. Cessation methods including pharmacological approaches, 'quitlines', Internet programmes, and the targeting of specific populations are discussed. Internet availability of tobacco products and sustainability of current efforts are presented as continuing challenges to tobacco control.
Enabling active engagement in e-tutelage using interactive multimedia system

Computer and multimedia technology plays an increasingly important role in education. However, current educational multimedia systems suffer from a major drawback that they do not support active engagement from users. In this paper we present a system that overcomes the hurdle. Our system offers rich user interactivity; it naturally supports and invites user involvement in a multimedia presentation. In the paper we first categorize the different levels of user interactivity that we deem vital for an interactive multimedia system, and then we describe a system design that enables active engagement.
Biosynthesis of Prostaglandin E2 and F2a in Gingiva of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

The biosynthesis of radioactive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and F2 alpha from (1-14C) arachidonic acid has been demonstrated in the microsomal fraction of gingiva of patients with chronic periodontitis in vitro. 14C corresponding to unmetabolized arachidonic acid in three separate incubations was 83, 66, and 83%, and that corresponding to both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was 8, 22, and 9% of the total radioactivity recovered after chromatography. The ratios of PGE2 to PGF2 alpha were found to be 6:1, 6:1, and 3:1, respectively.
like a mexican wedding: Psychosocial intervention needs of predominately hispanic low-income female co-survivors of cancer

Although recent work has recognized that the influence and consequences of cancer extend beyond the individual receiving the diagnosis, no studies have focused on the specific psychosocial intervention needs of female co-survivors in low-income populations. In this qualitative study, the co-survivors, 16 women, representing 10 low-income families and predominately Hispanic, were interviewed about their experience of having someone in their family diagnosed with cancer. Several themes emerged from the data, including family stress, lack of skill in coping with the effects of cancer (e.g., depression of their loved one), a need for financial help, a willingness to share with others, and reliance on faith to see them through the cancer experience. Whereas no agreement existed as to where and how to provide an intervention, participants reported that tailoring an intervention to family needs and delivering it in a way that was accessible to them was important.
Demonstration of a high-sensitivity 1550-nm optical communication link using pulse-position modulation and a wavelength-converter-based receiver

In this paper, we demonstrate a 1550-nm photon-counting optical communications channel using pulse-position modulation and an optical receiver utilizing a periodically-poled lithium niobate wavelength converter and a silicon Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode.
Correction to "Sinusoidal burst generator for auditory evoked response research''

Summary form only given, as follows. In a recent short communication named above (ibid., vol. BME-17, pp. 74-76, January 1970), there are several corrections to be made in the figures. In Fig. 1, page 75, in the base circuit of Q4 of the modulator, the 6.8 kΩ resistor, presently returned to -12 volts, should have been returned to ground. The junction of the 2 kΩ resistor in the Q4 base circuit and the 2.4 kΩ emitter resistor should have been +12 volts instead of ground. In Fig. 3, page 76, the HD1810 diode connected to the kQ2 input of the flip flop and to the base of the 2N3638 transistor should have been inverted.
WASTEWATER CONTROL TECHNOLOGY IN STEAM-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

The Tennessee Valley Authority has been monitoring surface water discharges from its 12 coal-fired power plants since 1967. The first discharges to be monitored were the effluents from ash settling ponds. Then, discharges from other sources (e.g., boiler blowdown, chemical cleaning wastes, coal pile drainage, cooling tower blowdown, and wet scrubber wastes) were included in this monitoring. Samples from these discharges were analyzed for about 30 parameters including trace metals. Several contaminants in these discharges, unless treated, may have potential for causing adverse environmental effects. The characteristics of these discharges are delineated. The wastewater treatment, including water recycle and reuse, for reducing pollutants contained in waste streams are evaluated in order to conform with the current and future restrictions. An inexpensive control technology for treating several power plant waste streams is the combined treatment with ash pond water. The advantage of this combined treatment process is the overall simplicity and low cost as compared to dry disposal of ashes and treatment of individual waste streams. Trace metals leaching from the ash disposal pond into the ground water are high in concentrations; but due to low permeability rates, the mass flow of trace metals in the surface discharge is much greater than that through ground water leaching.
Chapter 7 – Service Discovery

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Bluetooth service discovery. Service discovery is the process of identifying the services offered by nearby Bluetooth devices by retrieving their service records. A Bluetooth client application communicates with a Bluetooth server application on another device to use the services provided by the server. The chapter also describes the JABWT methods used for locating service records that contain a particular collection of UUIDs and for retrieving some of the attributes of those service records. Service registration is the process of creating a service record describing a service and adding it to the SDDB, where it can be discovered by clients. For many server applications, developers do not need to be concerned about service records. The JABWT implementation creates and registers a service record automatically. This service record advertises the service to potential clients and provides the information needed to construct a connection string that clients can use to access the service. In many cases, this automatically generated service record is sufficient.
The Zuni Sequence: Middle Jurassic—Upper Cretaceous

Craton. The Zuni cratonic sequence contains strata ranging in age from Early Jurassic (Sinemurian) through latest Cretaceous (Maestrichtian). The principal areas of Zuni sedimentation were: in the western craton and Cordillera, reaching from Alaska to Mexico; on the eastern continental margin, where the Atlantic Coastal Plain first developed during this time; and on the Gulf Coastal Plain, along with the birth of the Gulf of Mexico.
Vascular cognitive impairment: Modeling a critical neurologic disease in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract Background Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a complex form of dementia, combining aspects of vascular disease and other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease. VCID encompasses a wide spectrum of cerebrovascular-driven cognitive impairment, from mild cognitive impairment to fully developed dementia. This disease state is further complicated by metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and lifestyle factors, like obesity and high fat diets. Scope of review This manuscript is meant to both define VCID and review the in vitro and in vivo models of the disease state. This includes in vitro models of the neurovascular unit, models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, animals with NOTCH3 mutations as a model of small vessel disease, large animals with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and animal models of mixed dementia. Major conclusions Synthetic microvessels are a promising technique to study the neurovascular unit and canines, despite the cost, are an excellent model to study CAA. While there are several good models of individual aspects of VCID, the heterogeneity of the disease states prevents them from being a model of all aspects of the disease. Therefore, VCID needs to be further defined into disease states that exist within this umbrella term. This includes specific guidelines for stroke counts and stroke locations and further categorization of overlapping cerebrovascular and AD pathologies that contribute to dementia. This will allow for better models and a more thorough understanding of how vascular disease contributes to dementia. General significance VCID is the second most common form of dementia and is expected to increase in coming years. The heterogeneity of VCID makes it difficult to study, but without better definitions and models, VCID presents a major public health problem for our aging population. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia, edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau and Donna M. Wilcock.
The Legacy of Vincent Chin: A Twentieth Anniversary Commemoration

June 19, 2002 marked the twentieth anniversary of the killing of Vincent Chin in Detroit, Michigan. On that day in 1982, Chin, a twenty-seven-year-old Chinese American engineer, was brutally murdered by two white men, Ronald Ebens and his step-son, Michael Nitz. Ebens and Nitz had argued with Chin in a bar, where the latter had gone with friends to celebrate his upcoming wedding. Upon leaving the bar, Ebens and Nitz chased Chin to a nearby parking lot and then beat him to death with a baseball bat. Ebens and Nitz claimed that the killing was the accidental consequence of men drinking and fighting. But witnesses testified that Ebens, a foreman at an automobile plant, had called Chin a "Jap" and accused him of taking their jobs. The two men, who pleaded guilty to manslaughter, received sentences of three years probation and a fine of $3,000. In 1984 a federal trial determined that Ebens had violated Chin's civil rights, but the conviction was overturned on appeal, and in 1987 a re-trial resulted in an acqui...
Land Surface Temperature and Surface Air Temperature in Complex Terrain

Land surface temperature (LST) is a fundamental physical property relevant to many ecological, hydrological, and atmospheric processes. There is a strong relationship between LST and near surface air temperature ( ${\mathbf {T}_{\mathbf {air}}}$ ), although the two temperatures have different physical meaning and responses to atmospheric conditions. In complex terrain, these differences are amplified; yet it is in these environments that remotely sensed LST may be most valuable in prediction and characterization of spatial–temporal patterns of ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ due to typical paucity of meteorological stations in mountainous regions. This study presents an analysis on the suitability and limitations of using LST as a proxy or an input variable for predicting ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ in complex mountainous topography. Explicitly, we investigated the influence of key environmental, topographic, and instrumental factors on the relation between LST and measured ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ in two mountainous ecoregions of Nevada. The relation between LST and ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ was found to be strongest during late summer and fall, and weakest during winter and early spring. Increasing terrain roughness was found to diminish the relation between between LST and ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ . There was a strong agreement between nighttime ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ lapse rates and LST lapse rates. Given the inadequacy of several gridded ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ products in capturing minimum temperature cold-air pooling and inversions, using LST as an input variable in the interpolation process would enhance capture of temperature inversions in gridded data over complex terrain. Crucially, the relationship between LST and ${\text{T}_{\text{air}}}$ did not differ significantly across the two distinct mountainous ecoregions.
CT imaging signs of surgically proven bowel trauma.

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and interobserver agreement of individual CT findings as well as the bowel injury prediction score (BIPS) in surgically proven bowel injury after blunt abdominal trauma. This HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was IRB approved and consent was waived. All patients 14 years or older who sustained surgically proven bowel injury after blunt abdominal trauma between 1/1/2004 and 6/30/2015 were included. Admission trauma MDCT scans were independently interpreted by two abdominal fellowship-trained radiologists who recorded the following CT findings: intraperitoneal fluid, mesenteric hematoma/fat stranding, bowel wall thickening/hematoma, active intravenous contrast extravasation, free intraperitoneal air, bowel wall discontinuity, and focal bowel hypoenhancement. Subsequently, the electronic medical records of the included patients, admission abdominal physical exam results, admission white blood cell count, and findings at exploratory laparotomy of the included patients were recorded. Thirty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. The incidence and interobserver agreement of the CT findings were as follows: intraperitoneal fluid 93.9 %, kappa = 0.784 (good); mesenteric hematoma/fat stranding 84.8 %, kappa = 0.718 (good); bowel wall thickening/hematoma 42.4 %, kappa = 0.491 (moderate); active IV contrast extravasation 36.3 %, kappa = 1.00 (perfect); free intraperitoneal air 21.2 %, kappa = 0.904 (very good), bowel wall discontinuity 6.1 %, kappa = 1.00 (perfect); and focal bowel hypoenhancement 6.1 %, kappa = 0.468 (moderate). An absence of the specified CT findings was encountered in 9.1 % with surgically proven bowel injuries (kappa = 1.00, perfect). In our study, 9/16 patients or 56.3 % had a bowel injury prediction score (BIPS) of 2 or more as defined by McNutt et al. (J Trauma Acute Care Surg 78(1):105–111, 2014). The presence of intraperitoneal fluid and mesenteric hematoma/fat stranding are the most common CT findings in bowel injuries proven at laparotomy. A small percentage of patients have no abnormal CT findings. This grading system did not prove to be useful in our study likely due to our inherently small patient population; however, the use of BIPS deserves further investigation as it may help in identifying blunt bowel and mesenteric injury patients with often subtle or nonspecific CT findings.
Changing Law Firm Economics

Litigation has transformed over the past two decades from discovering documents in file cabinets to discovering a smoking gun in an email or twitter post. Nearly all information in today's digital world is created and maintained exclusively in electronic form. This deluge of data has created a document review tsunami. Currently keyword search is the primary means of document retrieval during discovery even though various studies have concluded that keyword search has limited reliability at returning the most responsive documents in a litigation matter. However, condemning keyword search technology is unfair in this context, as keyword search was the only viable means of retrieval until recently. Furthermore, Rule 1 of the Federal Rule of Civil Procedure does not require perfection, instead a balance of efficiency, cost, and justice are taken into account. Fortunately a new toolset called predictive coding is coming online. It stands to offer a solution to the overwhelming amount of data and is likely to transform some component underlying the economics of discovery. With the right business model, law firms and corporate counsel can implement an e-discovery or litigation readiness program using predictive coding, which can simultaneously act as a source of revenue and cut out the middleman vendors, and ultimately lessen the added expenses for the client.
Weakly semi-simple finite-dimensional algebras

Let A be a finite-dimensional (associative) algebra over an arbitrary field F. We shall say that a semi-group S is a translate of A if there exist an algebra B over F and an epimorphism ϕ: B → F such that A = 0→ -1 and S = 1→-1. It is shown in (2) that any such semi-group S has a kernel (defined below) that is completely simple in the sense of Rees. Following Stefan Schwarz (4), we define the radical R(S) of S to be the union of all ideals I of S such that some power In of I lies in the kernel K of S. First we prove that the radical of a translate of A is a translate of the radical of A. It follows that A is nilpotent if and only if it has a translate S such that R (S) = S.
Donald Brinkman on Digital Humanities at Microsoft Research

DB: You could say that my research career started at Eastern Michigan University, where I decided to forego my nearly complete education in English composition, painting and sculpture to pursue a computer science degree. Definitely not the typical course for a computer science engineer, but I was always fascinated with humanities before starting my career in technology. After altering my course, and within a year of finishing college, I secured a DARPA grant to develop an assembly language for quantum computation followed by a second grant to develop protocols for quantum cryptography. This early work eventually led to research in signals intelligence, asymmetrical warfare simulations, behavioral economics and game theory. After eight years working in these fields of research, I developed a particular interest and passion for disruptive technologies that leverage crowdsourcing, social computing, culture jamming, transmedia, and other non-traditional approaches. I also wanted to blend my humanities and computer science knowledge together and follow a path toward impacting education. Some of my proposals caught the attention of the Microsoft education group; then eventually evolved into managing external programs in digital humanities, digital heritage and games for learning at Microsoft Research.
Verfahren zur Herstellung und verlustlosen Dosierung von Derivaten für die Gas-Chromatographie. Ein Beitrag zur gas-chromatographischen Aminosäure-Analyse

Es wird ein Verfahren fur die Probenhandhabung in der Gas-Chromatographie beschriben, bei dem eine Kapsel aus Aluminium oder Gold as Mikroeaktor fur chemische Umsetzungen zur Herstellung von fluchtigen Derivaten verwendet wird. Diese Kapsel dient gleichzeitig zur Probenuberfuhrung in den Gas-Chromatographen. Damit lassen sich geringe Substanzmengen verlustlos derivatisieren und vollstandig in den Gas-Chromatographen zur weiteren Analyse uberfuhren. Als Beispiel fur die vielfaltigen Moglichkeiten wird die Verwendung dieses Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Aminosaurederivaten angegeben.
Serotype distribution and drug resistance of food-born and human orign Salmonella in Foshan

Objective To investigate the serotypes and drug resistance of food-born and human orign Salmonella,and provide the reference basis for clinical treatment.Methods The Salmonella was detected by the national standard methods.Drug sensitivity test was detected by K-B disk diffusion method.Results Seventeen serotypes from six groups of Salmonella were isolated from 48 strains Salmonella,in which 13 serotypes were isolated from 6 gropus of 23 strains and 12 serotypes from 5 groups of 25 strains.There are 8 common serotypes from 2 sources.B and C1 were the dominant serogroups.Food-borne Salmonella showed drug resistance on 13 kinds of 10 families of antibiotics.The human orign Salmonella showed drug resistance on 7 kinds of 7 families of antibiotics.The drug resistance rates of food-borne and human orign Salmonella were 72.2% and 38.9%,respectively.There are five kinds of same drug sensitive spectrum.14 strains were resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs,and 10 strains were multiple drug-resistant.Conclusions There are no obvious differences of serotypes between food-borne and human orign Salmonella in Foshan.Some strains showed multiple drug resistance,therefore guidance of rational use of antibiotics on animals and humans and the surveillance and control systems must be established.
The Historicity of Understanding in Hermeneutic Reading ——Speaking from Schleiermacher and Hegel

From the angle of hermeneutics,Schleiermacher and Hegle stand for two ways about the Understanding.The former leads to "Reconstruction" by reconstructing the original meaning of writer,while the latter to"Synthesis" by thoughtfully conneting life in the past and at present.The conflict between them shows the key status of the historicity of understanding in Hermeneutics,and the difference in historical consciousness,the object of understanding and the subject of understang.
Expression of C/EBPε Restores G-CSF-Induced Granulocytic Differentiation of Myeloid Cells Expressing the Carboxy Truncated G-CSF Receptor Associated with AML/SCN.

Mutations in the G-CSF receptor gene causing carboxy terminal truncation of the G-CSF receptor have been associated with the development of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). The truncated G-CSF receptors mediate augmented cell proliferation and survival, but are defective in inducing granulocytic differentiation in myeloid cell lines and transgenic mice. Little is known about the mechanism by which the carboxy terminus of the G-CSF receptor regulates granulocytic differentiation. It has been shown that myeloid transcription factors including C/EBPα, C/EBPe and PU.1 are critically involved in granulopoiesis. Of the three transcription factors, expression of C/EBPe was dramatically upregulated upon G-CSF treatment of myeloid 32D cells expressing the wild type G-CSF receptor (32D/WT). C/EBPe upregulation by G-CSF was abolished in 32D cells expressing the G-CSF receptor mutant D715 (32D/D715), which lacked a region of 98 amino acids in the carboxy terminus. Forced expression of C/EBPe in 32D/D715 cells at levels comparable to those in G-CSF-treated 32D/WT cells resulted in markedly attenuated cell proliferation and survival, and rapid terminal granulocytic differentiation in response to G-CSF. These data indicated that the functional defect of the D715 mutant in mediating granulocytic differentiation may arise from its inability to upregulate C/EBPe expression. Notably, forced expression of C/EBPe failed to induce terminal granulocytic differentiation of 32D/D715 cells cultured in IL-3, suggesting that the D715 receptor acted in collaboration with C/EBPe to drive granulocytic differentiation. Of the four cytoplasmic tyrosine (Tyr) residues of the G-CSF receptor, the D715 mutant contains only Tyr 704 that is involved in Stat3 activation. Because Stat3 is an important regulator of granulopoiesis, experiments are under way to address whether Tyr 704 in the D715 mutant is required for granulocytic differentiation driven by C/EBPe.
Agreement and the Icelandic Passive: A Smuggling Account

1 Background and Overview of the Data Since Zaenan, Maling, Thrainsson 1985, the Icelandic passive has been of interest to syntacticians. In particular, the Icelandic passive illustrates case-preservation with datives. An object that is accusative is the active surfaces as a nominative subject in the passive. However, an object that is dative in the active, surfaces as a dative subject in the passive. Icelandic also has active sentences with dative subjects, and if there is an object, it bears nominative. This paper explores two dichotomies in agreement in dative-nominative constructions. First, in actives, verbs obligatorily agree with nominative subjects, but optionally agree with nominative objects. (Icelandic verbs do not agree with datives.) The default form of the verb is allowed in (1)b, but not allowed in (1)a.
Developing Dyadic Evaluation for Supervision: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

This study addresses the need for empirically validated tools to support the training, supervision, and the discovery of best practices in Marital and Family Therapy (MFT). This project represents a first step in developing the Dyadic Supervision Evaluation (DSE), an assessment tool that is grounded in developmental and systemic theory and is psychometrically strong. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) approach was applied to data from 88 trainee-supervisor dyads across four time periods during the first year of clinical training, resulting in 20 factors, including 9 factors for trainees and 11 factors for supervisors with internal reliabilities ranging from α’s = .82–.98. Discussion addresses the utility of the DSE in documenting the developmental and dyadic progression of supervision during the first year of MFT training.
Penetration of Nylon Ballistic Panels by Fragment-Simulating Projectiles1: Part II: Mechanism of Penetration

The purpose of this report is to present evidence supporting the thesis that the major mode of penetration of nylon ballistic panels by fragment-simulating projectiles is a cutting, shearing mechan...
PMAnalyzer: a new web interface for bacterial growth curve analysis

Summary Bacterial growth curves are essential representations for characterizing bacteria metabolism within a variety of media compositions. Using high-throughput, spectrophotometers capable of processing tens of 96-well plates, quantitative phenotypic information can be easily integrated into the current data structures that describe a bacterial organism. The PMAnalyzer pipeline performs a growth curve analysis to parameterize the unique features occurring within microtiter wells containing specific growth media sources. We have expanded the pipeline capabilities and provide a user-friendly, online implementation of this automated pipeline. PMAnalyzer version 2.0 provides fast automatic growth curve parameter analysis, growth identification and high resolution figures of sample-replicate growth curves and several statistical analyses. Availability and implementation PMAnalyzer v2.0 can be found at https://edwards.sdsu.edu/pmanalyzer/ . Source code for the pipeline can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/dacuevas/PMAnalyzer . Source code for the online implementation can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/dacuevas/PMAnalyzerWeb . Contact dcuevas08@gmail.com. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Alcohol: Psychosocial Effects

Alcohol use has significant effects on behavior; these can be both acute (e.g., drunken comportment) and chronic (e.g., alcohol-induced depression). However, it is well established that there are large, individual differences in how drinkers react to alcohol. Additionally, different types of drinking contexts tend to elicit different effects and are associated with different harms. Consequently, characterizing the effects of alcohol consumption requires an understanding of the drinker and the drinking context, in addition to the drink (i.e., beverage alcohol) itself.
Exam Question Sequencing Effects and Context Cues.

Providing two or more versions of multiple-choice exams has long been a popular strategy for reducing the opportunity for students to engage in academic dishonesty. While the results of studies com...
Abstract P342: Demographic and Risk Factor Profiling of Patients With Abnormally High and Low Ankle Brachial Index in a Nationally Representative Cohort

Background: Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is widely used for diagnosis and prognostication in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Both abnormally high and low ABIs have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Although multiple demographic and other risk factors have been linked to high and low ABI, differences and distribution in a national cohort has not been described previously. Methods: We did a descriptive cross sectional analysis on the cohort of continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between the years 1999-2006 (n=31124). We included only those with baseline ABI data on both extremities (n= 6819). Chi-square test and ANOVA were used to measure the differences for categorical and continuous variables. Results: We found 6577 people with normal ABI (0.9 to 1.4), 214 with abnormally low ABI ( Conclusion: Patients with both high and low ABI have increased prevalence of risk factors compared to cohort with normal ABI. The prevalence and distribution of these differences could be helpful for targeted health interventions.
Incident Reporting in Emergency Medicine: A Thematic Analysis of Events.

BackgroundIncident reporting is a recognized tool for healthcare quality improvement. These systems, which aim to capture near-misses and harm events, enable organizations to gather critical information about failure modes and design mitigation strategies. Although many hospitals have employed these