cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and Strategy for the Cardionome Project

The Physiome Project has the goal of providing the quantitative description of the integrated functions of the living organism. This is too large an undertaking to be begun all at once. What needs to be developed first are large comprehensive databases containing genomic, biochemical, anatomical and physiological information that can be searched and retrieved via the Internet. A more modest and achievable goal is the Cardiome Project, whose goal is to describe the functioning heart. Since it is impractical to develop this from the genetic and molecular level, we begin it as a multicenter collaborative effort at the level of the functioning organ. The work of Hunter, Noble, and others provides a central scheme, a description of the spread of excitation and contraction through an anatomically detailed cardiac model with fiber directions. This will be augmented by the additions of regional blood flows, substrate uptake and metabolism, and energy production and utilization in serving contraction and ionic balances. Later stages will involve cellular regulation and responses to interventions. The organization of such projects is by the assembling of components whose linkages one to another are first minimized and then augmented to improve the approximation to reality.
The Annotation Editor

One of the central issues in basing an integrated environment on independent tools is providing a consistent interface to the program source.. When each tool has its own source display, as is common under UNIX, the user thinks of the environment as a set of independent tools. A common source interface for all tools, on the other hand, gives the user the feel of a truly integrated environment.
Cultural Patterns and Individual Differences in the Child’s Emotional Meaning System

To observe the variety of ways in which children around the world learn to be human is to observe, among other things, the socialization of emotion. This variety, however, has not been explored by those interested in affect. Virtually all of the existing studies of emotional development have been conducted in American settings. Although these studies of the development of emotional repertoires in American children have found fascinating and important types of subcultural variation (e.g., Miller, 1982), the range of variation is nonetheless quite narrow when compared with that found outside our own society. An anthropological shibboleth has it that the world’s cultures present a “natural laboratory” in which the parameters of child development have been varied and the human psychosocial possibilities have been explored. This is no less the case in the area of emotional development than it is in the area of what is called social development. In this chapter, I would like to demonstrate not only that emotional development is a central aspect of social development, but that it is also importantly involved in the development in the child of a culturally specific world view.
Local and Systemic Ophthalmic Pharmacology and Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Anticholinesterases

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the nature of toxic and pharmacological effects produced by anticholinesterases (anti-ChEs) as a result of their topical and/or systemic exposure to the eye, their investigation by laboratory in vitro and in vivo tests and by human clinical studies, and their practical and clinical implications. Human subjects may be exposed to carbamate (CM) or organophosphate (OP) anti-ChEs topically and/or systemically as a consequence of the wide range of their uses, which may result in exposures from deliberate, incidental, or accidental situations. The eye may be a local target organ for toxic and/or pharmacological effects of anti-ChEs that are applied by direct (topical) contact to the eye or that reach the eye from blood circulation. The various circumstances and conditions that determine the site and nature of effects are presented. ChEs, both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), are widely distributed in the eye. Many of the ocular pharmacological effects and some of the ocular toxic effects of anti-ChEs are attributable to their inhibitory effect on ChEs, and the resultant cholinergic response, but some toxic effects may be related to other properties of the molecule that are not a function of its anti-ChE potency. ChE inhibitors may produce varying types of corneal and ocular injury because of their chemical structure that is unrelated to anti-ChE activity, and for this reason, it is necessary to undertake eye irritation studies on the OP or CM pesticides and medical products, and their formulations.
Clinical Aspects of Palliative Sedation for Refractory Symptoms

[The patient stated], ‘Let me up, get out of my way, I’m leaving. Get your hands off of me.’ Delirium had settled in with a vengeance now, and I wondered if it was the underlying disease, an infection, or an assemblage of causes that tangled his synapses and made us the enemy.
Divorce and Gender

This article examines recent trends in divorce in Europe and the USA, and then considers the case of the USA in more depth. Divorce has a significant impact on the lives of both women and men. Typically, however, it is women who experience economic decline after divorce and some divorced mothers fall into poverty. Child support is a critical resource for enabling divorced women to live at an adequate standard of living. Unfortunately, a majority of women do not receive the child support they are due and divorce laws frequently fail to provide for the economic needs and interests of divorced women with children. The article concludes with proposals for changes in social policy that would address the economic hardship of divorced women with children.
The "aids to Penetration" (Nirvedhabhāgīya) According to the Vaibhāsika School

On peut dire que les ecoles Vaibhasikas ont developpe une approche retrospective de la soteriologie. C'est un systeme qui commence avec l'illumination du Bouddha et qui reinterprete tous les autres experiences a la lumiere de cet evenement unique. Dans cette orientation theorique, leur interpretation du marga prend inevitablement un tour scolastique. Leur effort de synthese a conduit a une description de presque tous les aspects du combat de l'individu dans sa quete de l'illumination. Cette ecole se differencie des autres ecoles philosophiques indiennes ou bouddhistes
Spectral learning

We present a simple, easily implemented spectral learning algorithm which applies equally whether we have no supervisory information, pairwise link constraints, or labeled examples. In the unsupervised case, it performs consistently with other spectral clustering algorithms. In the supervised case, our approach achieves high accuracy on the categorization of thousands of documents given only a few dozen labeled training documents for the 20 Newsgroups data set. Furthermore, its classification accuracy increases with the addition of unlabeled documents, demonstrating effective use of unlabeled data. By using normalized affinity matrices which are both symmetric and stochastic, we also obtain both a probabilistic interpretation of our method and certain guarantees of performance.
151 – Available Software

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the software's for numerically approximating the solution to a differential equation. The routines commonly available software for ordinary differential equations is adequate for nearly all types of problems. The routines commonly available for partial differential equations are not as well developed. For linear problems with no singularities, however, the available software is very good. There are a multitude of commercially available computer libraries and isolated computer routines available. Taxonomy for differential equation software has been developed as part of the GAMS project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. GAMS have taxonomy of computer routines and a listing of some available software. It is suggested that when using a prepared software package, it is always useful to test the package on real time problems.
Prognosis of Severe Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis With and Without Surgery.

Background This study sought to determine outcomes in patients with severe, asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS), stratified by treatment recommendation. Methods Between January 2005 and December 2013, 4,998 patients had severe AS by echocardiography, of whom 308 were identified as asymptomatic by medical record review. Five patients were deemed inoperable, and 38 were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 265 patients, aortic valve replacement (AVR) was recommended in 104, and watchful waiting (WW) was recommended in 161. Probabilities of undergoing surgery and of death from recommendation date were estimated using a multistate model. Cox regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for death. Results Probability of death at 1 year after recommendation was 5.2% in the WW group and 4.7% in the AVR group. At 2 years after recommendation, survival in the AVR-recommended group was 92.5% versus 83.9% in the WW group (p = 0.044). In the WW group, the probability of dying or undergoing surgery was 43.9% by 2 years. Undergoing surgery was independently associated with higher survival in the AVR-recommended group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.17; p = 0.038) and in the WW group (HR, 0.39; p = 0.044). A higher ejection fraction (HR, 0.58; p Conclusions The strategy of early AVR is associated with improved survival in asymptomatic patients.
Abstract 117: Improving Efficiency in a Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Background: The cardiac catheterization lab (CCL) can be a fast-paced and unpredictable setting, as the staff must balance inpatient, emergent, and outpatient cases, which can make the CCL suscepti...
Effect of Sweep on Dynamic Stall of a Pitching Finite-Aspect-Ratio Wing

An investigation of the effect of moderate sweep on three-dimensional (3D) dynamic stall of a pitching finite-aspect-ratio wing is performed by means of large-eddy simulations. The wings have an as...
Compelling Reasons for Using Digital Stories to Teach: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Abstract This descriptive qualitative study shares why 12 nurse educators chose to use digital stories in their classrooms. Compelling reasons for change in practice included the ability to capture student attention through media, the need to change things up a bit, and the desire to provide students a sharing experience to enhance learning through seeing, hearing, and feeling. Participants described being led by intuition and feelings when determining what might facilitate meaningful learning connections with today’s students.
Spatial accessibility to hospital facilities: the case of Kumasi, Ghana

Despite official introduction of the universal national health insurance scheme (NHIS) and Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) in Ghana since 2003, most Ghanaians still don’t seem t...
A Multi-Trip Vehicle Routing Problem for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems-Based Urban Delivery

With the emergence of new technologies for small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS), such as lightweight sensors and high-efficiency batteries, the operation of small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAVs)...
Calibration in Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems: a User-Centered Analysis

Recommender systems learn from past user preferences in order to predict future user interests and provide users with personalized suggestions. Previous research has demonstrated that biases in user profiles in the aggregate can influence the recommendations to users who do not share the majority preference. One consequence of this bias propagation effect is miscalibration, a mismatch between the types or categories of items that a user prefers and the items provided in recommendations. In this paper, we conduct a systematic analysis aimed at identifying key characteristics in user profiles that might lead to miscalibrated recommendations. We consider several categories of profile characteristics, including similarity to the average user, propensity towards popularity, profile diversity, and preference intensity. We develop predictive models of miscalibration and use these models to identify the most important features correlated with miscalibration, given different algorithms and dataset characteristics. Our analysis is intended to help system designers predict miscalibration effects and to develop recommendation algorithms with improved calibration properties.
Simulation Based Assessment of Epistemological Beliefs About Science.

Comprehensive science education includes increasing content knowledge, teaching skills and practices like inquiry or argumentation, and fostering sophisticated beliefs about the nature of science knowledge (epistemological beliefs about science, EBAS). EBAS are difficult to define and assess. Prior work suggested that student practices in authentic activities may be reflective of underlying EBAS. Therefore, one potential solution is to assess EBAS via student science practices. We previously examined student inquiry practices in the simulated authentic science inquiry environment, SCI (Science Classroom Inquiry). We extend this prior work to examine a different science practice situated in the SCI environment: concluding arguments. We found that students who performed more scientifically authentic investigations also made more sophisticated scientific arguments. We also noted that performance on the EBAS assessment predicted not only inquiry quality, but argument quality as well. This suggests that argumentation, in addition to inquiry, is a practice that can be captured with technology and used as a proxy for assessing latent constructs like EBAS.
Computer-Assisted Prediction of Toxicity

By using statistical structure-activity relationship (SAR) models of toxicological endpoints, it is possible to estimate the expected toxicity from structural and physical characteristics of untested chemicals. Thus, these models can be used for setting testing and developmental priorities, obtaining additional information on given compounds, and, to a lesser degree, determining what substructural factors are most involved in a particular toxicological effect.
A review of the Southern African species of Kinixys Bell (Reptilia: Testudinidae)

Examination of all the Kinixys Bell material from Southern Africa south of 22Â° S available in museum collections has shown that four species occur in this region. On the basis of its poorly developed plastral hinge and gular lip, K. natalensis Hewitt is considered the most primitive species in the genus. It has a restricted distribution along the eastern escarpment of South Africa from the Transvaal south to Natal. Kinixys spekii Gray seems to be the next most primitive species, but its depressed carapace is an adaptation that enables it to find refuge in rock crevices. It has a very extensive distribution on the central African plateau. Kinixys belliana Gray is a larger species with a more convex carapace and a black radial pattern on the shields. Its distribution is restricted to the coastal plain. Kinixys lobatsiana Power differs from the other savanna species, and resembles the forest species K. erosa (Schweigger) and K. homeana Bell, in having the posterior marginal shields recurved and serrated. Its distribution is limited to the Transvaal Bushveld and southeastern Botswana.
Dislocation core properties of β-tin: a first-principles study

Dislocation core properties of tin (β-Sn) were investigated using the semi-discrete variational Peierls–Nabarro (SVPN) model. The SVPN model, which connects the continuum elasticity treatment of the long-range strain field around a dislocation with an approximate treatment of the dislocation core, was employed to calculate various core properties, including the core energetics, widths, and Peierls stresses for different dislocation structures. The role of core energetics and properties on dislocation character and subsequent slip behavior in β-Sn was investigated. For instance, this work shows that a widely spread dislocation core on the {110} plane as compared to dislocations on the {100} and {101} planes. Physically, the narrowing or widening of the core will significantly affect the mobility of dislocations as the Peierls stress is exponentially related to the dislocation core width in β-Sn. In general, the Peierls stress for the screw dislocation was found to be orders of magnitude higher than the edge dislocation, i.e., the more the edge component of a mixed dislocation, the greater the dislocation mobility (lower the Peierls stress). The largest Peierls stress observed was 365 MPa for the dislocation on the {101} plane. Furthermore, from the density plot, we see a double peak for the 0° (screw) and 30° dislocations which suggests the dissociation of dislocations along these planes. Thus, for the {101} slip system, we observed dislocation dissociation into three partials with metastable states. Overall, this work provides qualitative insights that aid in understanding the plastic deformation in β-Sn.
ON THE GROWTH OF SUPERHARMONIC FUNCTIONS NEAR AN ISOLATED SINGULARITY. II

In this paper we continue our study began in [10] of the growth near the origin of C 2 positive solutions u(x) of where Ω ⊂ n is a punctured neighborhood of the origin, a ∈ [0, 1) is a constant, an...
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding selectively accelerates substrate-specific catalytic activity of ACE2.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that has given rise to the devastating global pandemic. In most cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection results in the development of viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, known as "coronavirus disease 2019" or COVID-19. Intriguingly, besides the respiratory tract, COVID-19 affects other organs and systems of the human body. COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of death, and SARS-CoV-2 infection itself may cause myocardial inflammation and injury. One possible explanation of such phenomena is the fact that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor required for viral entry. ACE2 is expressed in the cells of many organs, including the heart. ACE2 functions as a carboxypeptidase that can cleave several endogenous substrates, including angiotensin II, thus regulating blood pressure and vascular tone. It remains largely unknown if the SARS-CoV-2 infection alters the enzymatic properties of ACE2, thereby contributing to cardiovascular complications in patients with COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that ACE2 cleavage of des-Arg9-bradykinin substrate analog is markedly accelerated, while cleavage of angiotensin II analog is minimally affected by the binding of spike protein. These findings may have implications for a better understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Patients affected by Type 2 Diabetes & Atrial fibrillation with history of systolic heart failure have a higher risk for cardiogenic shock & death during hospitalization.

Abstract Introduction Several studies show a strong correlation between diabetes (DM) & atrial fibrillation (AF). Similarly, heart failure (HF) is associated among patients with AF. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of systolic (SHF) vs diastolic heart failure (DHF) on clinical outcomes in patients with concomitant AF & DM. Methods We queried the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2017 & 2018 for patients with DM & AF as a principal diagnosis with SHF or DHF as a secondary diagnosis. The primary outcome was mortality and cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock (CS), & length of stay (LOS) were secondary. A multivariable logistic regression analysis estimated clinical outcomes & a p-value of Results 107,530 patients with DM & AF were admitted with 48% having HF (66% SHF & 34% DHF). SHF vs DHF cohorts were mean age of 71.2 years [CI 70.9-71.5] vs 73.3 years [CI 72.9-73.6], Males (70.2% vs 53.8%), Females (29.8% vs 46.2%), Whites (70.5% vs 71.2%), Black (17% vs 16%), & Hispanic (8.7% vs 8.5%) . SHF showed a significantly higher mortality (2.65% vs 2.13%, p
Projected increases in western US forest fire despite growing fuel constraints

Escalating burned area in western US forests punctuated by the 2020 fire season has heightened the need to explore near-term macroscale forest-fire area trajectories. As fires remove fuels for subsequent fires, feedbacks may impose constraints on the otherwise climate-driven trend of increasing forest-fire area. Here, we test how fire-fuel feedbacks moderate near-term (2021–2050) climate-driven increases in forest-fire area across the western US. Assuming constant fuels, climate–fire models project a doubling of forest-fire area compared to 1991–2020. Fire-fuel feedbacks only modestly attenuate the projected increase in forest-fire area. Even models with strong feedbacks project increasing interannual variability in forest-fire area and more than a two-fold increase in the likelihood of years exceeding the 2020 fire season. Fuel limitations from fire-fuel feedbacks are unlikely to strongly constrain the profound climate-driven broad-scale increases in forest-fire area by the mid-21st century, highlighting the need for proactive adaptation to increased western US forest-fire impacts. Reduced fuel availability will only moderately diminish projected near-term increases in climate-driven forest fire area in the Western US, according to a macroscale climate–fire model.
Errata-"An Experimental Study of Natural Vibrations of Cantilevered Triangular Plates"

Experimental results are obtained for the lowest six natural frequencies and the associated nodal lines of triangular plates of uniform thickness clamped on one edge. Two series of plates are examined. In one series, a delta-wing plan form of fixed span is maintained, and five plates are examined having aspect ratios ranging from 2 to 20. In the other series, a fixed span and a fixed root chord are maintained, and five plates are examined having mean chord-line sweepback angles ranging from 0 to 45°. Test results are presented by graphs and photographs. These results show that in the delta-wing plan form of fixed span, the frequency of each of the six modes increases as the aspect ratio increases—that is, as the root chord is made smaller. No such general property is exhibited by the plates in the sweepback series, except for the ' 'bending'' modes, where the frequencies decrease with increasing angle of sweepback. A simple method is described for finding the natural frequencies of a plate of any size, thickness, and material as long as its plan form is similar to one of the plates used in the experiments, or any other plate whose frequencies are known.
High resistivity LT-In 0.47 Ga 0.53 P grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy

Low-temperature (LT) growth of In0.47Ga0.53P was carried out in the temperature range from 200 to 260°C by gas source molecular beam epitaxy using solid Ga and In and precracked PH3. The Hall measurements of the as-grown film showed a resistivity of ∼106 Ω-cm at room temperature whereas the annealed film (at 600°C for 1 h) had at least three orders of magnitude higher resistivity. The Hall measurements, also, indicated activation energies of ∼0.5 and 0.8 eV for the asgrown and annealed samples, respectively. Double-crystal x-ray diffraction showed that the LT-InGaP films had ∼47% In composition. The angular separation, Δθ, between the GaAs substrate and the as-grown LT-InGaP film on (004) reflection was increased by 20 arc-s after annealing. In order to better understand the annealing effect, a LT-InGaP film was grown on an InGaP film grown at 480°C. While annealing did not have any effect on the HT-InGaP peak position, the LT-InGaP peak was shifted toward the HT-InGaP peak, indicating a decrease in the LT-InGaP lattice parameter. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy indicates the presence of phase separation in LT-InGaP films, manifested in the form of a “precipitate-like” microstructure. The analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis of the LT-InGaP film revealed a group-V nonstoichiometric deviation of ∼0.5 at.% P. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the growth and characterization of LT-InGaP films.
Testing the feasibility of DNA typing for human identification by PCR and an oligonucleotide ligation assay

The use of DNA typing in human genome analysis is increasing and finding widespread application in the area of forensic and paternity testing. In this report, we explore the feasibility of typing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by using a semiautomated method for analyzing human DNA samples. In this approach, PCR is used to amplify segments of human DNA containing a common SNP. Allelic nucleotides in the amplified product are then typed by a colorimetric implementation of the oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA). The results of the combined assay, PCR/OLA, are read directly by a spectrophotometer; the absorbances are compiled; and the genotypes are automatically determined. A panel of 20 markers has been developed for DNA typing and has been tested using a sample panel from the CEPH pedigrees (CEPH parents). The results of this typing, as well as the potential to apply this method to larger populations, are discussed.
Region-dependent attenuation of μ opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation in mouse CNS as a function of morphine tolerance

Background and purpose: Chronic morphine administration produces tolerance in vivo and attenuation of m opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated G-protein activation measured in vitro, but the relationship between these adaptations is not clear. The present study examined MOR-mediated G-protein activation in the CNS of mice with different levels of morphine tolerance. Experimental approach: Mice were implanted with morphine pellets, with or without supplemental morphine injections, to induce differing levels of tolerance as determined by a range of MOR-mediated behaviours. MOR function was measured using agonist-stimulated [ 35 S]guanylyl-5 0 -O-(g-thio)-triphosphate ([ 35 S]GTPgS) and receptor binding throughout the CNS. Key results: Morphine pellet implantation produced 6-12-fold tolerance in antinociceptive assays, hypothermia and Straub tail, as measured by the ratio of morphine ED50 values between morphine-treated and control groups. Pellet implantation plus supplemental injections produced 25-50-fold tolerance in these tests. In morphine pellet-implanted mice, MOR-stimulated [ 35 S]GTPgS binding was significantly reduced only in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and spinal cord dorsal horn in tissue sections from morphine pellet-implanted mice. In contrast, MOR-stimulated [ 35 S]GTPgS binding was significantly decreased in most regions examined in morphine pellet þ morphine injected mice, including nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus, NTS and spinal cord. Conclusions and implications: Tolerance and the regional pattern of apparent MOR desensitization were influenced positively by the level of morphine exposure. These results indicate that desensitization of MOR-mediated G-protein activity is more regionally widespread upon induction of high levels of tolerance, suggesting that this response contributes more to high than low levels of tolerance to CNS-mediated effects of morphine. British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 1324–1333; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707328; published online 18 June 2007
In vivo and in vitro studies of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in a mouse mammary carcinoma by 31P NMR spectroscopy

The effect of cyclophosphamide on the metabolic profile of a mammary carcinoma implanted on the foot of mouse was studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy both in vivo and in perchloric acid extracts. The ratio nucleotide triphosphate:P(i) was significantly elevated in cyclophosphamide treated tumours relative to untreated tumours after 96 h in vivo (p < 0.05). Phosphocreatine:P(i) was similarly elevated from 48 to 168 h (p < 0.01). Resolution of the phosphomonoester peak into two distinct resonances allowed us to estimate the ratio of PME' to phosphocholine (PC), where PME' is a composite peak consisting, in part, of phosphoethanolamine (PE). PME':PC was found to be significantly higher in treated animals relative to control animals in vivo (p < 0.01 from 48 to 168 h). Perchloric acid extract spectra suggest that the increase in PME':PC was in part due to a decrease in PC concentration and also due to an increase in a previously unidentified resonance which was coresonant with PE. Extract data show that there was a significant increase in the concentration of the phosphodiesters, glycerophosphocholine (p < 0.01) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (p < 0.05) in treated relative to control tumours. The changes in the phosphomonoester resonances are qualitatively similar to previously described changes following radiation and suggest that they may be a marker of cell kill or lack of cell growth after antineoplastic therapy.
Quantization in generalized coordinates

The operator form of the generalized canonical momenta in quantum mechanics is derived by a new, instructive method and the uniqueness of the operator form is proven. If one wishes to find the correct representation of the generalized momentum operator, he finds the Hermitian part of the operator —iħ ∂/∂q, whereq q is the generalized coordinate. There are interesting philosophical implications involved in this: It is like saying that a physical structure is composed of two parts, one which is real (the measurable quantity) and one which is pure imaginary. However, in order to understand the theoretical generation of the physical structure, one must look at the imaginary part as well as the real part since the sum of these two parts gives the simplified physical theory. That is why we can choose the total generalized momentum operator as simply —iħ ∂/∂q, but in order to arrive at the “measurable” momentum operator, we must choose the real (Hermitian) part, the other part being anti-Hermitian (corresponding to pure imaginary eigenvalues). We also discuss the operator form of the generalized Hamiltonian and show that the primary focus in developing fundamental concepts and prescriptions in quantum mechanics should be on the generalized momenta rather than on the Hamiltonian.
The Impact of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Carcinosarcoma of the Uterus

Abstract Background. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in the setting of uterine carcinosarcoma has not been clearly established. Methods. A retrospective review of 60 patients receiving definitive therapy for carcinosarcoma of the uterus was undertaken at a single institution. Twenty-nine of 60 patients were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. Results. The addition of radiotherapy significantly reduced the local recurrence rate from 55% (17 patients) to 3% (1 patient). Adjuvant radiotherapy reduced the risk of distant failure and death in patients with disease confined to the uterus but did not impact distant recurrence or survival in stage III patients. Increasing stage and depth of myometrial tumor invasion were negatively associated with overall survival and disease-free survival but had no impact on local recurrence rates. The nuclear grade of the epithelial component was predictive of local recurrence ( P = 0.0592), but epithelial architectural grade, grade of stromal component, and stromal versus epithelial predominance did not provide prognostic information. The relative risk of local recurrence of unirradiated patients versus irradiated patients was 17.54 ( P = 0.0055) after adjusting for nuclear grade of the epithelial component. Conclusions. Local failure represents a significant site of failure in the absence of adjuvant radiotherapy. The improvement in local failure rates with the addition of radiotherapy translates into an improvement in distant failure rates and survival only for patients with stage I/II disease. Epithelial nuclear grade, in addition to depth of myometrial invasion and stage, provides important prognostic information. Epithelial architectural grade, stromal grade, type of stromal component (homologous versus heterologous), and predominance of either stromal or epithelial component were not found to be significant prognostic factors.
Cardiac Troponin I (CTnI) as a Prognostic Indicator following Open Heart Surgery in Children 216

Cardiac Troponin I (CTnI) as a Prognostic Indicator following Open Heart Surgery in Children 216
Changes in postural sway as a consequence of wearing a military backpack

Military personnel are often required to carry all of their personal supplies and equipment for long distances during both training and combat situations, creating many biomechanical and postural challenges for these individuals. In addition to other problems such as generalized fatigue and the development of stress fractures, significant external loads may also affect a soldier's postural sway. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in postural sway as a consequence of wearing a military backpack in females. Forty-three female subjects between the ages of 18 and 25 volunteered to participate. There were two conditions: unloaded and while wearing an 18.1 kg military backpack. Each subject stood with two feet on a force platform for 30 s under both conditions while center of pressure (COP) data were collected. COP path length increased 64%, medial-lateral excursion increased 131%, anterior-posterior excursion increased 54%, and COP area increased 229% with addition of the backpack (p < 0.0001 for all of these measures). These data show that wearing 18.1 kg of external weight in a military backpack increases the postural sway of females, which may in turn increase the likelihood of falls and injury.
QUBIT-QUBIT INTERACTION IN QUANTUM COMPUTERS

Limitations to the performance of a quantum computer arising from direct interaction between qubits are considered, and the basic scaling laws (with the computation time and the number of qubits) are established for the specific example of the quantum Fourier transform algorithm. These results should be relevant for several of the currently proposed quantum computer systems, where the dominant interaction is of the magnetic dipole-dipole type, in the limit of many qubits and long computation times.
Characterization of heparin-binding growth-associated factor receptor on NIH 3T3 cells.

Summary Scatchard plot analysis of the binding of 125 I-labeled heparin binding cell growth-associated factor ( 125 I-HBGAF) to NIH 3T3 cells revealed a single class of high affinity receptors (−5000/cell) with Kd of −0.6 nM. 125 I-HBGAF was covalently cross-linked to the cell surface receptor on NIH 3T3 cells with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS). Two 125 I-HBGAF-cross-linked complexes of 170 kDa and 142 kDa were observed on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing and nonreducing conditions. The 125 I-HBGAF-cross -linked complex formation was completely abolished in the presence of ≥ 100-fold excess of unlabeled HBGAF but not PDGF, EGF, aFGF, bFGF, or insulin. 125 I-HBGAF appeared to undergo rapid internalization and relatively slow degradation following binding to the HBGAF receptor on NIH 3T3 cells. These results suggest that NIH 3T3 cells express a high affinity HBGAF receptor which shows two different estimated molecular masses of −155 kDa and −127 kDa. This high affinity HBGAF receptor was also found to express in other cell types.
The marital fertility of American whites before 1920.

Marital fertility of US whites before 1920 produced the greatest impact on declining fertility over changes in age at marriage and the proportion of the population marrying. This article reviews previous studies and provides a reanalysis of published data from other studies for trends in marital fertility up to 1910 and geographic differentials for 1905-10. David and Sandersons Cohort Parity Analysis results are also examined. Fertility differences are also studies for immigrants and native born women. The article is divided into 4 sections. The 1st is concerned with the evidence for parity specific control of fertility. Evidence is presented for national trends in increased control at older ages and for geographic differentials. Evidence is taken from Massachusetts Pennsylvania and the northeastern states (Ohio Michigan and western New York) and the western states. The earliest evidence of fertility control increasing with age occurs in the 1820s among the native born of the northeast. Family limitation spread after 1865 and was part of the national picture by 1880. The 2nd reviews the evidence on fertility control at young ages or low parities and estimates the prevalence of childlessness and 1 child families. Estimates in the 3rd section are provided on the average interval among low parity births based on an extension of the Coale and Trussell model. The 4th is devoted to the strategies for childbearing reported in the preceding sections. Regionally in 1910 there were high values in the South and very low levels in the West due to long spacing and moderately low levels in the Northeastern and Northcentral areas due to childlessness and 1 child families. Migration and changing populations complicates the analysis during this period. The 3 complications were the movement of people from the Atlantic Coast to the West the rapid growth of the cities and the rapid increase in the proportion of immigrants from 1880-1910. Further research should take into consideration the following: the spread of fertility limitation from the Northeastern to Northcentral regions and to urban areas 1860-1900; small study areas in comparison to the general region; extrapolation from nonrepresentative groups; the extent of childlessness in different areas at different times; a reexamination of low M values in the Mountain states; and the rapid proliferation of new research on this period.
Critical magnetic-field angle for high-field current transport in YBa2Cu3O7 at 76 K

Abstract High magnetic field (0.5 T to 9 T) measurements of the in-plane transport critical current density Jc of YBa2Cu3O7 at liquid nitrogen temperature are reported as a function of the orientation of magnetic field B with respect to the a,b-plane. In contrast to earlier results at lower fields (
A kinematic determination of the structure of the double ring planetary nebula NGC 2392, the Eskimo

Slit spectra and existing 'velocity cube' data have been used to determine the structure of the double ring PN NGC 2392. The inner shell is a stellar wind-sculpted prolate spheroid with a ratio of axes of 2:1 and the approaching end of the long axis pointed 20 deg from the line of sight in P.A. = 200 deg. The outer ring is caused by an outer disk with density dropping off with distance from the central star and with distance from its plane, which is the same as the equatorial band of high density in the inner shell. The outer disk contains a ring of higher density knots at a distance of 16 arcsec and is losing material through free expansion, forming an outer envelope of increasing velocity. Forbidden S II spectra are used to determine the densities in all of the major regions of the nebula. It is argued that the filamentary cores at the centers of the knots seen in the outer ring originate in the sublimation of bodies formed at the same time as the parent star.
Proton and boron-11 magnetic resonance studies of some potassium tetraarylborates

Proton and boron-11 magnetic resonance spectra for several potassium para-substituted tetraarylborate compounds [KB(C6H4-pX)4, where X is H, OCH3, CH3, Br, Cl, F, CF3] have been obtained. The chemical shift between the centers of the AA′ and XX′ multiplets for the ring proton multiplets, relative to a reference chemical shift of 0·39 ppm for potassium tetraphenylborate, correlated with the corresponding Hammett σ values for the para-substituent. Additionally, the boron-11 chemical shifts gave a good correlation with corresponding σ values for the substituents. Electronegativities of para-substituted phenyl rings were calculated and found to be approximately 2·70 for all compounds studied. It was shown that electronic substituent effects do not greatly influence the electron density surrounding the central boron atom in the tetraarylborate ions.
Evaluation of functionalized isoreticular metal organic frameworks (IRMOFs) as smart nanoporous preconcentrators of RDX

Abstract Classical molecular dynamics (MD) and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations were used to generate self-diffusivities, adsorption isotherms and density distributions for hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in five isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (IRMOFs), which varied in the cage size and in the presence and location of amine groups. These simulations were performed at room temperature (300 K) and low pressures (up to 1 ppm RDX). The atomic charges required for MD and GCMC simulations were calculated from quantum mechanical (QM) calculations using two different charge generation methods—Lowdin Population Analysis and Natural Bond Orbital Analysis. Both charge sets show that the presence of amine groups increases the amount of RDX adsorbed. The cage size and the location of amine groups also affect the loading of RDX. The amount of RDX adsorbed is correlated with the energy of adsorption. The activation energy for diffusion of RDX is not positively correlated with the energy of adsorption. The density distributions identify the location of the adsorption sites of RDX-exclusively in the big cage around the metal complex vertices and between benzene rings. In the absence of amine groups on the framework, one of nitro groups on RDX interacts closely with the metal complex. In the IRMOFs functionalized with amine groups, a second nitro group of the RDX interacts with an amine group, enhancing adsorption. With regard to the application as a smart nanoporous preconcentrator, these IRMOFs are found to concentrate RDX up to 3000 times compared to the gas phase, on a volumetric basis. From a simple Langmuir estimation, the selectivity of RDX over butane is up to 5000. The diffusion of RDX is sufficiently high for real time sensor applications. These results indicate IRMOFs can be tailored with functional groups to be highly selective nanoporous preconcentrators.
Workshop — Designing signals and systems laboratories using Java-DSP

The participants of this workshop will be exposed to the utility of the Java-DSP education software in multidisciplinary signal and data analysis applications. The session will be interactive and participants will use and assess an exercise that involves step-by-step online simulations using Java-DSP. Examples of prepackaged online laboratory exercises generated in 2010 that can be disseminated in certain types of data related courses will also be presented. A newly developed interactive learning environment, involving online quiz synchronized with multiple JavaDSP simulations, will be of special interest to the participants. Apart from basic modules that will be useful for DSP courses, new modules in music and audio signal processing, wireless communications, and power systems will also be demonstrated. The workshop will be useful to instructors and practitioners with interests in signals and systems, DSP, data analysis for earth systems and geology, signal analysis for music courses and other applications.
Identification of a New Enhancer in the Promoter Region of Human TR3 Orphan Receptor Gene A MEMBER OF STEROID RECEPTOR SUPERFAMILY

Human TR3 orphan receptor is a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily and is the human homologue of the proteins encoded by the rat NGFI-B and mouse nur77 genes. These genes are induced rapidly by androgens/growth factors and may have functions related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. To investigate the TR3 orphan receptor gene transcriptional regulation, a 2.3-kilobase genomic DNA fragment containing the TR3 orphan receptor gene promoter region was isolated, sequenced, and characterized. Sequence homology search within this promoter region revealed some potential cis-acting elements such as cAMP response element, interleukin-6 response element, estrogen response element, and GC box. Deletion analysis and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay also showed a novel cis-acting element of TR3 orphan receptor gene (NCAE-TR3), 200-181 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site. Gel retardation assay further demonstrated that some nuclear factors can bind to this NCAE-TR3. Together, our data suggest that NCAE-TR3 could be a new enhancer element associated with the transcription of an early response gene for mitogenesis and apoptosis.
Endophenotypes, Dimensions, Risks: Is Psychosis Analogous to Common Inherited Medical Illnesses?

Psychiatric illnesses are perceived as fundamentally different from common medical disorders, a view arising from the mind-body problem and difficulties relating the brain's emergent properties to its physiological substrates. However, schizophrenia and many common medical illnesses are heritable and result from the influence of both genetic and environmental sources. Unlike illnesses such as Huntington's disease, which are caused by a fully penetrant dominant mutation, no single "schizophrenia gene" has been identified. Instead, schizophrenia is likely caused by common variants of many genes, each contributing a subtle effect. Schizophrenia genetically resembles common medical illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and familial hypercholesterolemia, that have an associated genetic variant, but that are also influenced by other factors such as diet, culture and habits. Just as these illnesses operate through complex gene/environment interaction, schizophrenia is likely caused by several gene variants, neurodevelopmental processes, and learned behavioral response biases. These clinical diseases, however, represent severe forms of the phenotype for both psychiatric and medical illnesses. From a dimensional perspective, individuals possessing the same genotype could express milder forms of the clinical disorder along a spectrum of related traits. We discuss this perspective in the context of an endophenotypic and biological marker approach to understanding schizophrenia and present a research strategy to compare schizophrenia endophenotypes to risk for common medical illnesses.
Baryon fluctuations from the QCD phase transition

Extraordinary baryon fluctuations can signal a nearly first order phase transition at RHIC. We discuss how these fluctuations can be measured. Next, we apply a dissipative-hydrodynamic formulation used in condensed matter physics to simulate the formation_— though spinodal decomposition_— and subsequent evolution of these fluctuations.
Fractal-like patterns in DNA films, B form at 0% relative humidity, and antiheteronomous DNA: an IR study.

This report details the observation of (a) the intact double helix of DNA at 0% relative humidity in poly(dA) · poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) · poly (dA-dT) films, (b) the fractal-like growth of DNA crystals in films of poly (dA) · poly(dT), and (c) poly(dA) · poly(dT) with adenines in the B form and thymines in the A form. Observation (a) is based on the behavior of the middle ir signature of double-helical base stacking, the 1714 cm−1 peak, at low water activity. This observation is modeled as a trapping of water in the polycrystalline part of these films. We interpret the glycosidic region of the middle ir spectra of the polycrystalline films of poly (dA) · poly (dT) at 0% relative humidity to indicate that at least part of the adenine strand in is the B conformation and the thymine strand is in the A form, whereas previous assignments of poly (dA) · poly (dT) films at 75% relative humidity indicated the opposite strand conformation assignment [E. Taillandier et al. (1987) Biochemistry, Vol. 26 p. 3361]. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.