cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Film Review: Teaching Transformative Jurisprudence

The Road to Brown is a film that deals with the transformative judicial ruling of Brown v. Board of Education. Many regard this case as the most important holding ever made by a United States court. The Road to Brown offers law professors a superb vehicle for bringing to the classroom the attention to persons, sense of history, and focus on litigation strategy that a great decision demands. The Road to Brown provides a rich socio-legal-historical perspective on the events that culminated in the 1954 Supreme Court ruling barring racial segregation in public elementary schools. The program blends together photographs, news footage, artistic renderings, and music of the times, recollections of participants in the litigation struggle, and present-day commentary by judges, historians, and others. The result is a visual presentation that conveys more than information. It reaches the viewer on an affective level, offering to renew the spirit as well as inform the mind. The film does much to accurately locate a great case within its historical context, chart its litigation strategy, and vividly present its human dimensions. Law professors who cover Brown should use the film in class or require students to view it as an out-of-class assignment. The Road to Brown offers great potential for effectively teaching transformative jurisprudence.
Perceptions from Athletic Training Students Involved in an Intentional Peer-Assisted Learning Pedagogy

Context: Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been shown to benefit students across educational levels. Current research has investigated perceptions of PAL, postgraduate impact, as well as prevalence....
Hip-Hop Cypher in Group Work

ABSTRACTGroup work holds significant value in communities that face mental health disparities. Although there is an array of research that supports the use of group therapy as a therapeutic medium, populations such as urban youth of color are often unable to access these services or fully benefit from them. To compensate, some communities have developed their own cultural methods of healing. In this article, the authors argue that by using expressive methods of healing social workers can accentuate the power and potential of groups with these populations.
SO(10) SUSY GUT for fermion masses: Lepton flavor and CP violation

We discuss the results of a global ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ analysis of a simple $SO(10)$ supersymmetric grand unified theory (SUSY GUT) with ${D}_{3}$ family symmetry and low energy $R$ parity. The model describes fermion mass matrices with 14 parameters and gives excellent fits to 20 observable masses and mixing angles in both quark and lepton sectors, giving six predictions. Bi-large neutrino mixing is obtained with hierarchical quark and lepton Yukawa matrices, thus avoiding the possibility of large lepton flavor violation. The model naturally predicts small 1--3 neutrino mixing, with $\mathrm{sin}﻿{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{13}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.05--0.06$. In this paper we evaluate the predictions for the lepton flavor violating processes, $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and also the electric dipole moment of the electron (${d}_{e}$), the muon, and the tau, assuming universal squark and slepton masses (${m}_{16}$) and a universal soft SUSY breaking $A$ parameter (${A}_{0}$) at the GUT scale. We find $\mathrm{Br}(\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma})$ is naturally below present bounds, but may be observable by MEG. Similarly, ${d}_{e}$ is below present bounds, but it is within the range of future experiments. We also give predictions for the light Higgs mass (using FeynHiggs). We find an upper bound given by ${m}_{h}\ensuremath{\le}127\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, with an estimated $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ theoretical uncertainty. Finally we present predictions for SUSY particle masses in the favored region of parameter space.
Model-based falsification of an artificial pancreas control system

We present a model-based falsification scheme for artificial pancreas controllers. Our approach performs a closed-loop simulation of the control software using models of the human insulin-glucose regulatory system. Our work focuses on testing properties of an overnight control system for hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia minimization in patients with type-1 diabetes. This control system is currently the subject of extensive phase II clinical trials.We describe how the overall closed loop simulator is constructed, and formulate properties to be tested. Significantly, the closed loop simulation incorporates the control software, as is, without any abstractions. Next, we demonstrate the use of a simulation-based falsification approach to find potential property violations in the resulting control system. We formulate a series of properties about the controller behavior and examine the violations obtained. Using these violations, we propose modifications to the controller software to improve its performance under these adverse (corner-case) scenarios. We also illustrate the effectiveness of robustness as a metric for identifying interesting property violations. Finally, we identify important open problems for future work.
Physicians Report Sleep Apnea Infrequently in Older and Older Vulnerable Adults

Objectives To determine how often outpatient physician visits detect sleep apnea (SA) in older persons in the United States. Design Retrospective Analysis. Setting US non hospital and hospital based clinics. Participants US physicians. Measurements National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1993 to 2011 were used to assess the frequency of physicians' coding diagnoses of SA in persons aged 65 and older. Which specialties are most likely to report SA, the most-common comorbid conditions reported with SA, and the likelihood of reporting SA in patient visits for dementia and preoperative care were assessed. Results From 1993 to 2011, physicians reported SA in 0.3% of all office visits in persons aged 65 and older. SA reported in visits increased from 130,000 in 1993 to 2,070,000 in 2011, with an annual per capita visit reporting rate of 0.07% to 0.74%. In older populations, the proportion of documented SA visits by specialists rose, and that of primary care providers decreased. Older adults with a diagnosis of SA had higher average number of comorbidities than those without SA (1.8 vs 1.3). Reporting SA was low in visits with a diagnosis of dementia and classified as a preoperative visits. Conclusion In two nationwide surveys, SA reporting by physicians in elderly adults was 16 as greater in 2001 as in 1993, although reporting of SA remains infrequent (<1% of visits) even in vulnerable populations.
Large-caliber metal stents versus plastic stents for the management of pancreatic walled-off necrosis

Background and Aims Symptomatic pancreatic walled-off necrosis (WON) may be managed by endoscopic transmural drainage and endoscopic transmural necrosectomy, with stent placement at endoscopic drainage sites. The optimal stent choice is yet to be determined. We compared outcomes after endoscopic management of WON using either large-caliber fully covered self-expandable metal stents (LC-SEMSs) or double-pigtail plastic stents (DPPSs). Methods We performed a retrospective comparison of outcomes among patients who received LC-SEMSs or DPPSs before endoscopic transmural necrosectomy for WON. Results Among 94 patients included, WON resolution rates did not differ between the DPPS (36 patients) and LC-SEMS (58 patients) groups, whether concomitant percutaneous drainage was considered a failure (75% vs 82.8%; P = .36) or not (91.7% vs 94.8%; P = .55). Of 75 patients (80%) successfully treated without percutaneous drainage, 37 (49%) underwent endoscopic transmural drainage without subsequent endoscopic transmural necrosectomy. WON was more likely to resolve without subsequent endoscopic transmural necrosectomy in the LC-SEMS group than the DPPS group (60.4% vs 30.8%; P = .01). WON resolution without subsequent endoscopic transmural necrosectomy remained more likely with LC-SEMSs (odds ratio, 4.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.5-15.5]) after adjusting for patient age and size and location of WON. Rates of adverse events were similar except for clinically significant bleeding requiring endoscopic intervention, which was higher with DPPSs than LC-SEMSs (14% vs 2%; P = .02). Conclusion Management of pancreatic WON with LC-SEMSs appears to decrease both the need for repeated necrosectomy procedures and the risk of intervention-related hemorrhage.
The Galois variance of constacyclic codes

Abstract This paper studies the Galois images of constacyclic codes over F q m of length relatively prime to q, and determines when those images are equal and when they intersect only at the zero codeword. The subfield subcodes and trace codes of constacyclic codes are also determined.
Plant Water δD and δ18O of Tundra Species from West Greenland

ABSTRACT Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (δD and δ18O) of archived plant tissues can be used in paleoenvironmental reconstructions, assuming a well-grounded understanding of the environmental drivers of stable isotope variation in plant waters. Previous plant water calibration studies have focused on lower latitudes, but given the importance of arctic climate reconstructions, it is necessary to understand the drivers of isotope fractionation in plants that are unique to high latitudes. Here, we present δD and δ18O values of plant waters from the Kangerlussuaq area in West Greenland. We use the evaporation line created by the xylem waters to estimate the hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of local meteoric source water and find values that are lower than modeled estimates. We also apply the modified Craig-Gordon leaf water model, using local climate parameters and xylem water values to model leaf water values. We find that measured plant water values are generally in good agreement with model est...
Increasing Transplant Mass Results in Long-Term Allograft Survival and Recovery from Transplant Vasculopathy

Late allograft rejection due to transplant vasculopathy continues to be a major clinical problem. Increasing the ratio of donor transplant size to recipient weight has been shown to reduce the incidence of late allograft failure. Using a murine pancreas transplant model we have tested the hypothesis that increasing the donor transplant size in a recipient can promote long-term allograft survival by promoting recovery from transplant vasculopathy. Recipients of an allograft that showed extensive vasculopathy were transplanted with a second donor transplant. The effect of the second allograft on the vasculopathy present in the first graft was measured. Transplanting a second allograft reversed all signs of ongoing rejection, including transplant vasculopathy, resulting in long-term survival of the first graft. Vasculopathy was only reversed if the first and second grafts were from the same mouse strain, suggesting an antigen-specific mechanism. However, the recovery of the first graft was not associated with antigen-specific peripheral tolerance.
Newborn electroencephalographic correlates of maternal prenatal depressive symptoms.

Maternal perinatal depression exerts pervasive effects on the developing brain, as evidenced by electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns that differ between children of women who do and do not meet DSM or ICD diagnostic criteria. However, little research has examined if the same EEG pattern of right-frontal alpha asymmetry exists in newborns and thus originates in utero independent of postnatal influences, and if depressive symptoms are associated with this neural signature. Utilizing 125-lead EEG (n=18), this study considered clinician-rated maternal prenatal depressive symptoms in relation to newborn EEG. Maternal depressive symptomatology was associated with greater relative right-frontal alpha asymmetry during quiet sleep. These results suggest that even subclinical levels of maternal depression may influence infant brain development, and further support the role of the prenatal environment in shaping children’s future neurobehavioral trajectories.
Activation and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells and exhibit two main characteristics that define stem cells: self-renewal and differentiation. MSCs can migrate to sites of injury, inflammation, and tumor. Moreover, MSCs undergo myofibroblast like differentiation, including increased production of α-SMA in response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a growth factor commonly secreted by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance. Based on our previous finding hMSCs become activated and resemble carcinoma-associated myofibroblasts upon prolonged exposure to conditioned medium from MDAMB231 human breast cancer cells. Here, we show that keratinocyte conditioned medium (KCM) induces differentiation of MSCs to resemble dermal myofibroblast like cells using immunofluorescence techniques demonstrating punctate vinculin staining, and F-actin filaments.
Neuralized mediates asymmetric division of neural precursors by two distinct and sequential events: Promoting asymmetric localization of Numb and enhancing activation of Notch-signaling

In the CNS, the evolutionarily conserved Notch pathway regulates asymmetric cell fate specification to daughters of ganglion mother cells (GMCs). The E3 Ubiquitin ligase protein Neuralized (Neur) is thought to activate Notch-signaling by the endocytosis of Delta and the Delta-bound extracellular domain of Notch. The intracellular Notch then initiates Notch-signaling. Numb blocks N-signaling in one of the two daughters of a GMC, allowing that cell to adopt a different identity. Numb is asymmetrically localized in a GMC and is segregated to only one of the two daughter cells. In the typical GMC-1→RP2/sib lineage, we found that loss of Neur activity causes symmetric division of GMC-1 into two RP2s. We further found that Neur asymmetrically localizes in a late GMC-1 to the Numb domain and Neur mediates asymmetric division via two distinct, sequential mechanisms: by promoting the asymmetric localization of Numb in a GMC-1 via down-regulation of the transcription factor Pdm1, followed by enhancing the Notch-signaling via trans-potentiation of Notch in a cell committed to become a sib. In neur mutants the GMC-1 identity is not altered but Numb is non-asymmetrically localized due to an up-regulation of Pdm1. Thus, both its daughters inherit Numb, which prevents Notch from specifying a sib identity. Neur also enhances Notch since in neur; numb double mutants, both sibling cells often adopt a mixed fate as opposed to an RP2 fate observed in Notch; numb double mutants. Furthermore, over-expression of Neur can induce both cells to adopt a sib fate similar to gain of function Notch. Our results tie Numb and Notch-signaling through a single player, Neur, thus giving us a more complete picture of the events surrounding asymmetric division of precursor cells. We also show that Neur and Numb are interdependent for their asymmetric-localizations.
Role of Organotellurium Species in Tellurium Neuropathy

Exposure of weanling rats to a diet containing 1% elemental tellurium causes segmental demyelination of peripheral nerve, and an inhibition of squalene epoxidase. This inhibition is thought to be the mechanism of action leading to demyelination. Tellurite appears to be the active inhibitory species in a cell-free system but the active species in vivo is unknown. We examined potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) and three organotellurium compounds for their ability to inhibit squalene epoxidase in Schwann cell cultures and to induce demyelination in weanling rats. K2TeO3 had no effect on squalene epoxidase activity in cultured Schwann cells and caused no demyelination in vivo. All three organotellurium compounds caused inhibition of squalene epoxidase in vitro and caused demyelination in vivo. (CH3)2TeCl2 was the most potent of these compounds and its neuropathy most resembled that caused by elemental tellurium. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that tellurium-induced demyelination is a result of squalene epoxidase inhibition and suggest that a dimethyltelluronium compound may be the neurotoxic species presented to Schwann cells in vivo.
Relationship between structure and function of lower vertebrate immunoglobulins.

In order to elucidate both macromolecular and genetic bases for the functional diversity expressed by immunoglobulins, extensive studies of their primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure have been undertaken (1–3). Early in the course of these investigations, it became apparent that antibody function was associated with a heterogeneous group of multimeric glycoproteins and that more than one gene controlled the synthesis of individual immunoglobulin subunits. The mechanism whereby the separate gene products are generated (somatic mutation or germ line accumulation) and ultimately integrated are not fully understood (4, 5). As biologic processes such as antibody formation may have become more complex during the passage of evolutionary time, one major direction in the investigation of adaptive humoral immunity has been to evaluate the immune response and antibody structure in phylogenetic perspective. Although the characterization of lower vertebrate immunoglobulins is not as complete as that of the mammalian counterparts, sufficient detail of their structure is known to permit meaningful phylogenetic comparisons. This presentation will first outline the central structural features of mammalian IgM and IgG, compare the structures of lower and higher vertebrate forms of immunoglobulins, relate immunoglobulin structure to active site formation and expression and discuss the origins of non-immunoglobulin mediated “immune-like” recognition in invertebrate and vertebrate species.
Molecular regulation of tumor angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Angiogenesis, the process of new capillary formation from a pre-existing vessel plays an essential role in both embryonic and postnatal development, in the remodeling of various organ systems, and in several pathologies, particularly cancer. In the last 20 years of angiogenesis research, a variety of angiogenic regulators, both positive and negative, have been identified. The discovery of several anti-angiogenic factors has led to the development of novel cancer therapies based on targeting a tumor’s vascular supply. A number of these new therapies are currently being tested in clinical trials in the U.S.A. and elsewhere. A major advance in the field of anti-angiogenic therapy occurred recently when the FDA approved Avastin (bevacizumab), the first solely anti-angiogenesis therapy approved for treatment of human cancer. While it has long been appreciated that tumor growth and progression are dependent on angiogenesis, it is only recently that progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate the earliest stage in the angiogenic program, the angiogenic switch. This checkpoint is characterized by the transition of a dormant, avascular tumor into an active, vascular one. Anti-angiogenic therapies to date have essentially been designed to suppress the neovasculature in established tumors. However, identifying the mechanisms that cause a tumor to acquire an angiogenic phenotype may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic modalities and complementary diagnostics that could be used to block the angiogenic switch, thereby preventing subsequent tumor progression. In this chapter on the role of angiogenesis in cancer, we (1) provide an overview of the process of angiogenesis with special regard to the molecules and physiological conditions that regulate this process, (2) review recent studies describing the use of anti-angiogenic approaches in the treatment of a variety of human cancers, and (3) discuss the recent literature focused on the study of the molecules and molecular mechanisms that may be regulating the initiation of the angiogenic phenotype in tumors, and the clinical impact that this knowledge may have in the future.
Radiographic sarcopenia measurements to predict overall survival in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

e15700Background: Sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients (pts) planning surgical resection. Minimal data is available regarding the predictive value of sarco...
Packed and fluidized bed absorber modeling for carbon capture with micro-encapsulated sodium carbonate solution

Abstract Micro-Encapsulated CO2 Sorbents (MECS) are a promising technology for post-combustion carbon capture because they enable slow-reacting solvents like carbonate solution to compete with traditional amine solvents. Before scaling up MECS for pilot testing, modeling is needed to design a MECS absorber and quantify its size and energy penalty. To that end, a multi-scale model for MECS- that ranges from a single capsule to a 500 MWe power plant absorber- is developed and presented here. First, the individual capsule model is developed and fitted to experimental CO2 absorption data collected on a 0.1 g sample of capsules filled with sodium carbonate solution. This capsule model is then validated against data collected on a 25 g batch of capsules exposed to flue gas conditions in a fluidized column. This model is then scaled up to represent two absorber designs: a multi-stage, counter-flow fluidized bed and a hollow, cylindrical packed bed with radial gas flow. These two absorber bed models are first optimized for a 1 MWe pilot-scale absorber, and then optimized for a 500 MWe coal plant. This model predicts absorbers of similar dimensions and smaller energy penalties than previously modeled absorbers filled with amine solvent capsules. Furthermore, it is demonstrated here that a few reasonable improvements to capsule design would result in absorber sizes and energy penalties lower than those of a benchmark amine solvent tower. These results demonstrate that micro-encapsulated carbonate solution can compete with faster-acting amine solvents for post-combustion carbon capture.
It Should Be There, but It Is Hard to Find: Economic Impact of ICT in Sub-Saharan Economies

This study relies on a modified framework of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) to investigate the presence of relationships between the impact of ICT on innovation and productivity and on micro- and macroeconomic outcomes. The context of the study is a 3-cluster sample of sub-Saharan (SSA) economies, and the time frame is 2012–2015. The results indicate that SSA economies, as a whole, are efficient in translating ICT capabilities into ICT impacts; however, the evidence of efficient translation of ICT impacts into micro- and macroeconomic impacts remains inconclusive. Furthermore, there is no evidence to suggest that higher levels of relative wealth of SSA economies are associated with higher levels of ICT capabilities. The results of the data analysis suggest that the framework of NRI should be supplemented by other constructs if an investigation targets micro- and macroeconomic impacts of ICT capabilities.
Reducing Coronary Heart Disease Risk Through Treatment of Insomnia Using Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Methodological Approach.

Objective: Observational data demonstrate increased risk of recurrent acute coronary syndrome in patients with comorbid insomnia. We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled pilot study to addre...
NEWS, NON-INVERTIBILITY, AND STRUCTURAL VARS $

A state space representation of a linearized DSGE model implies a VAR in terms of observable variables. The model is said be non-invertible if there exists no linear rotation of the VAR innovations which can recover the economic shocks. Non-invertibility arises when the observed variables fail to perfectly reveal the state variables of the model. The imperfect observation of the state drives a wedge between the VAR innovations and the deep shocks, potentially invalidating conclusions drawn from structural impulse response analysis in the VAR. The principal contribution of this chapter is to show that non-invertibility should not be thought of as an “either/or” proposition – even when a model has a non-invertibility, the wedge between VAR innovations and economic shocks may be small, and structural VARs may nonetheless perform reliably. As an increasingly popular example, so-called “news shocks” generate foresight about changes in future fundamentals – such as productivity, taxes, or government spending – and lead to an unassailable missing state variable problem and hence non-invertible VAR representations. Simulation evidence from a medium scale DSGE model augmented with news shocks about future productivity reveals that structural VAR methods often perform well in practice, in spite of a known non-invertibility. Impulse responses obtained from VARs closely correspond to the theoretical responses from the model, and the estimated VAR responses are successful in discriminating between alternative, nested specifications of the underlying DSGE model. Since the non-invertibility problem is, at its core, one of missing information, conditioning on more information, for example through factor augmented VARs, is shown to either ameliorate or eliminate invertibility problems altogether.
Recruitment, Employment, Retention and the Minority Teacher Shortage

This study examines and compares the recruitment, employment, and retention of minority and nonminority school teachers over the quarter century from the late 1980s to 2013. Our objective is to empirically ground the ongoing debate regarding minority teacher shortages and changes in the minority teaching force. The data we analyze are from the National Center for Education Statistics’ nationally representative Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) and its longitudinal supplement, the Teacher Follow-up Survey (TFS). Our data analyses document the persistence of a gap between the percentage of minority students and the percentage of minority teachers in the US. But the data also show that this gap is not due to a failure to recruit new minority teachers. In the two decades since the late 1980s, the number of minority teachers almost doubled, outpacing growth in both the number of White teachers and the number of minority students. Minority teachers are also overwhelmingly employed in public schools serving high-poverty, high-minority and urban communities. Hence, the data suggest that widespread efforts over the past several decades to recruit more minority teachers and employ them in disadvantaged schools have been very successful. But, these efforts have also been undermined because minority teachers have significantly higher turnover than White teachers and this is strongly tied to poor working conditions in their schools.
A literary review of MANET security

Mobile ad-hoc network is a wireless network that can be formed without any pre-existing infrastructure. MANET consist of both that is the legalized node and the malicious node and every node within the network acts as a router to relay packets to the destination. In this paper, current security threats and the various attacks in the MANET are investigated and various attacks such as active attack, passive attack, external attack, and internal attack.
Continuous Time Multi-Stage Stochastic Unit Commitment With Storage

Decision models used in wholesale electricity markets are advancing to manage adequately distributed storage on the grid and grapple with increasing stochasticity and variability in net-load. The goal of this paper is to address these three issues jointly, by introducing a continuous-time stochastic multi-stage reserve unit commitment. Compared to the conventional unit commitment (UC) formulation, the one we propose a) accommodates storage devices with limited energy capacity, b) addresses load uncertainty through a multi-variate scenario tree, and c) models, through a piece-wise polynomial approximation, continuous-time changes in load and generation. In numerical simulations, we compare the system operating cost of our approach relative to relaxations of our proposed formulation, including the conventional UC. The comparisons show the relative impact of the three modeling pillars of our formulation, aimed at capturing storage constraints, uncertainty, and ramping events with inter-hourly variations.
Drawing Upon Medicine to Teach Complex Systems to Business School Students: 1. Networks

Ending up as a faculty member of a business school teaching a class on complex systems is an example of the influence of contingent events and the weak ties in social networks. The course focused on helping students to: (1) Fashion a complexity lens – i.e., to be able to view problems or issues from a complexity frame of reference; and (2) examine a problem of practice (something that the students came with) through a complexity lens and develop an approach that respects the complex nature of the problem. The work of the course began with a consideration of the nature of complexity and some of the approaches underlying theories of complexity. I planned to begin by addressing the basic concepts and principles of complex systems and how they related to real world problems including the students’ management practice and research. However, I had to start with medical issues; that is what I knew. The Ghost Map by Steven Johnson which tells the story of a cholera epidemic in London provides an engaging way to introduce the topic of complexity and its characteristics and the nature of networks.
Buoyancy Forced Circulation and Cross-Gyre Flow

This chapter discusses two subjects which appear at first sight unconnected, but which in fact are linked by the underlying question of the way in which information is propagated in the dynamics of the ocean circulation.
Unraveling Alzheimer’s Disease Using Drosophila

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects people aged over 65 years. AD is marked by cognitive deficits and memory problems that worsen with age and ultimately results in death. Pathology of AD includes aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide into extracellular plaques and the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Given that many factors are involved in the disease along with the ability to study individual aspects of disease pathology under controlled conditions, several genetically tractable animal models have been developed. Despite years of research, treatments remain limited and many therapies that yield promising data in animal models fail to translate it in humans. Here, we discuss the use of a highly versatile Drosophila melanogaster (aka fruit fly) model to study AD. The genetic machinery is conserved from fly to humans. The Drosophila eye has proved to be a genetically tractable model to study neurodegenerative disorders and for genetic and chemical screens. We highlight the utility of modeling AD by expressing human Aβ42 in the developing Drosophila retina. This system has been used recently to uncover new factors involved in the pathological activation of cell death pathways in AD. We discuss these findings and their role in the search for new disease treatments.
Improved Magnetic Attitude Control

Magnetometer measurements periods are usually different from magnetic rods activation periods, in order to lessen the effect of the rods’ generated magnetic field on the measurements. Magnetic field estimation methods are proposed to be utilized in the control feedback, to estimate the magnetic field, at times, instead of real measurement. This proposed approach results in reducing the maneuver time and the power consumption.
The Urban Department Store in America, 1850‐1930 Louisa Iarocci. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2014.

The Urban Department Store in America, 1850-1930 Louisa larocci. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2014.Recent theoretical debates concerning the increasingly complex and unstable relationships among today's urban commercial, transactional, interstitial, or even community spaces and places have inevitably produced a flurry of scholarly books on the commercial walking spaces of the modernist city, and, in particular, the department store-the synecdoche for female engagement with all of the above. Louisa larocci's book differs from many previous studies in a number of ways. Her research is impeccable, both longitudinally and latitudinally, and her arguments cross disciplines with ease and skill. Yet, her primary arguments, that the department store in America functioned, until the 1929 crash, as both a "solid building block within the modern city" and as "a more ephemeral aggregation of consumer practices" are fresh and innovative; and she asks the reader to re-imagine the place of this comfortable and well-trod institution within American urban culture (8).Iarocci's book is divided into three parts: "The City and the Store, 1850-1880"; "The Department Store, 1880-1910"; and "Utopias and Distopias, 1900-1930." Part One consists of Chapters 1 and 2. Chapter 1 examines the relationship between the city and the store; it locates the department store within the nineteenth-century American city, street architecture, and American mercantile culture through an analysis of the changing foci of urban mapping companies from landmarks and public buildings to mercantile structures that represent a pivoting of narrative from public to commercial community. Chapter 2 then describes the mercantile house as having a narrow facade, where it met the public but was emblazoned with the store's name, but great depth to accommodate the floor and stockroom. Part Two begins with the description of the department store's emergence in the 1890s as a distinctive entity, usually as goods stores expanded into larger all-purpose enterprises that, in their expansive scope, fantastic and spectacular displays, typography and spatial arrangements, mimicked in miniature the display strategies of wildly popular international expositions. Department stores were paradoxically both "glittering palacefs]" (71) that enticed shoppers to spend and retailed mass-produced, relatively inexpensive, ready-made, personal and household goods with the new practice of low-pressure sales strategies, clearly marked and fixed prices, and even liberal return policies. As such, larocci argues, department stores functioned as both agents and products of a distinctly feminized modern urban American retailing practice. Chapter 4 concludes Section Two and details the many-layered ways in which the department store could thus function as a "civic institution and business concern" (6). …
Regulation of lymphatic function and injury by nitrosative stress in obese mice.

Abstract Objective Obesity results in lymphatic dysfunction, but the cellular mechanisms that mediate this effect remain largely unknown. Previous studies in obese mice have shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing (iNOS+) inflammatory cells accumulate around lymphatic vessels. In the current study, we therefore tested the hypothesis that increased expression of iNOS results in nitrosative stress and injury to the lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In addition, we tested the hypothesis that lymphatic injury, independent of obesity, can modulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods We compared the metabolic changes and lymphatic function of wild-type and iNOS knockout mice fed a normal chow or high-fat diet for 16 weeks. To corroborate our in vivo findings, we analyzed the effects of reactive nitrogen species on isolated LECs. Finally, using a genetically engineered mouse model that allows partial ablation of the lymphatic system, we studied the effects of acute lymphatic injury on glucose and lipid metabolism in lean mice. Results The mesenteric lymphatic vessels of obese wild-type animals were dilated, leaky, and surrounded by iNOS+ inflammatory cells with resulting increased accumulation of reactive nitrogen species when compared with lean wild-type or obese iNOS knockout animals. These changes in obese wild-type mice were associated with systemic glucose and lipid abnormalities, as well as decreased mesenteric LEC expression of lymphatic-specific genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and antioxidant genes as compared with lean wild-type or obese iNOS knockout animals. In vitro experiments demonstrated that isolated LECs were more sensitive to reactive nitrogen species than blood endothelial cells, and that this sensitivity was ameliorated by antioxidant therapies. Finally, using mice in which the lymphatics were specifically ablated using diphtheria toxin, we found that the interaction between metabolic abnormalities caused by obesity and lymphatic dysfunction is bidirectional. Targeted partial ablation of mesenteric lymphatic channels of lean mice resulted in increased accumulation of iNOS+ inflammatory cells and increased reactive nitrogen species. Lymphatic ablation also caused marked abnormalities in insulin sensitivity, serum glucose and insulin concentrations, expression of insulin-sensitive genes, lipid metabolism, and significantly increased systemic and mesenteric white adipose tissue (M-WAT) inflammatory responses. Conclusions Our studies suggest that increased iNOS production in obese animals plays a key role in regulating lymphatic injury by increasing nitrosative stress. In addition, our studies suggest that obesity-induced lymphatic injury may amplify metabolic abnormalities by increasing systemic and local inflammatory responses and regulating insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that manipulation of the lymphatic system may represent a novel means of treating metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity.
Musculoskeletal Issues and Care for Pregnant and Postpartum Women

This paper seeks to review the important musculoskeletal issues that arise for pregnant and postpartum women. It outlines the background, diagnosis, and management of these musculoskeletal issues; reviews the existing and recent literature; and offers clinical opinions from the perspective of women’s health PM&R physicians. Existing and recent literature on pelvic girdle pain, lumbosacral back pain, pubic symphysis separation, transient osteoporosis, rectus diastasis, and postpartum neuropathy offer some new insights on management, which is often context-dependent. Management requires individualized physical therapy and precautions for delivery and postpartum. Emerging alternatives like acupuncture for pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and surgical reconstruction for diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) may be considered. The various musculoskeletal pathologies that occur in the peripartum period can produce significant disability for women. With timely diagnosis and treatment, however, these musculoskeletal issues are often transient in nature and do not result in long-term functional deficits.
Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Financial Stress and Metabolic Abnormalities.

Background Financial stress is associated with higher prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease, but the extent to which this association differs by type of metabolic abnormalities or gender is unclear. Objectives The study aims were to: (a) examine the association between financial stress and the prevalence of common metabolic abnormalities; and (b) test the association for gender differences. Methods A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Retirement and Sleep Trajectories (REST) study, an ancillary study of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC) study. Composite indicator structural equation alpha modeling with a stacking approach was applied in the data analysis. Results After controlling for covariates, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia, with significant gender differences. Among men, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Among women, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of prediabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion Men living with financial stress are more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia, a specific metabolic abnormality and risk factor for acute cardiovascular events. However, financial stress in women is associated with a broader array of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., dyslipidemia, prediabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome), highlighting a potential risk of multiple chronic conditions later in life.
Sequence of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. IV. Cyanogen bromide peptides.

Bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase that had been carboxymethylated was cleaved with cyanogen bromide. From the methionine content of 14 residues, 15 peptides were expected to be produced; 13 of these were isolated. These fragments ranged in size from 4 to 135 residues. In addition, three peptides representing incompletely cleaved products were also obtained. The methods of isolation of the peptides included preliminary separation by gel filtration followed in some cases by additional gel filtration steps, by countercurrent distribution, by ion exchange chromatography, and, for many of the smaller fragments, by chromatography or electrophoresis on paper. The CNBr peptides were used to obtain parts of the sequence which had not been previously represented in peptides isolated after other hydrolytic procedures, to determine overlapping regions of the sequence, and to confirm parts of the sequence previously deduced by studies on other peptides.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Subsequent Risk of Premature Mortality

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. However, it is uncertain whether HDPs are associated with long-t...
SY5.7. Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring for pain surgeries

Pain is a very common symptom that is most often treated medically. However, when medical treatment fails, surgical options for pain management become necessary. Many types of pain surgeries involve destruction or modulation of various parts of the nervous system. In this presentation, pain surgeries that have used neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring (NIOM) to help optimize outcomes will be discussed. Initially a brief description of pain pathways will be presented. This will be followed by a brief description of a few of the common types of pain surgeries and the type of NIOM that can be used in these procedures. Data for value of using NIOM in these surgeries will also be presented.
Diffuse Ionized Gas in Edge-on Spiral Galaxies: Extraplanar and Outer Disk H-alpha Emission

(Abridged) We present H-alpha images of five edge-on galaxies: NGC 891, NGC 4631, NGC 4244, NGC 3003, and UGC 9242. We also analyze [SII] 6717+6731A and [OIII] 5007A images of NGC 4631. We analyze the ionized gas content, with particular attention to the diffuse ionized gas (DIG). The DIG layer in NGC 891 is traced out to at least 5 kpc from the midplane, confirming an earlier spectroscopic detection. The DIG in four of these galaxies contributes 40 to 50% of the total H-alpha luminosity, similar to face-on galaxies, but in NGC 891 the DIG contributes 80 to 90%. This is likely due to the higher dust content in the disk of NGC 891 which obscures the HII regions. Our very deep image of UGC 9242 shows very low surface brightness emission, as low as 0.3 pc cm^-6, reaching 4 to 5 kpc above the midplane. This galaxy also exhibits filaments near the bright H-alpha nucleus, an indication of a starburst superwind. In NGC 4631 we see a very large shell of emission extending 3.5 kpc into the halo. The [SII]/H-alpha and [OIII]/H-alpha ratios in NGC 4631 are consistent with the ratios seen in other galaxies, and with photoionization models. There is a region on the SE side of disk where the [OIII]/(H-alpha+[NII]) ratio reaches over 1.0 in the DIG, which coincides with an HI supershell. We use our very deep images of NGC 3003 and UGC 9242 to search for ionized gas in the outer disk. We find no outer disk emission down to our 1-sigma limit of 0.13 pc cm^-6 on scales of 1.5 kpc in NGC 3003. Based on this limit we rule out a metagalactic ionizing radiation field stronger than 11x10^-23 ergs/cm^2/s/Hz/sr. There is an indication of extended disk emission in UGC 9242 which would imply a stronger radiation field, but various concerns lead us to question this feature.
Cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure: Indications for exercise training based on heart failure phenotype.

Abstract Exercise intolerance with dyspnea and fatigue is pervasive amongst individuals with heart failure (HF) due to both central and peripheral mechanisms. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a cornerstone therapy for numerous cardiovascular disease (CVD) processes, and it's use in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has shown significant benefit in improved mortality and quality of life (QoL). Less is known about the benefit of CR in the setting of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and optimal exercise therapy (ET) may vary based on underlying disease phenotype. Here we offer review of existing data for ET in both HFrEF and HFpEF with proposed exercise treatment modalities based on underlying comorbidities and variable phenotypes.
Relating Programs of Professional Laboratory Experiences and Staff Development.

(1976). Relating Programs of Professional Laboratory Experiences and Staff Development. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 402-405.
Harm reduction-the cannabis paradox

This article examines harm reduction from a novel perspective. Its central thesis is that harm reduction is not only a social concept, but also a biological one. More specifically, evolution does not make moral distinctions in the selection process, but utilizes a cannabis-based approach to harm reduction in order to promote survival of the fittest. Evidence will be provided from peer-reviewed scientific literature that supports the hypothesis that humans, and all animals, make and use internally produced cannabis-like products (endocannabinoids) as part of the evolutionary harm reduction program. More specifically, endocannabinoids homeostatically regulate all body systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune, nervous, musculo-skeletal, reproductive). Therefore, the health of each individual is dependant on this system working appropriately.
Kinetic and Molecular Properties of Lysine-sensitive Aspartokinase FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LYSINE-MEDIATED ASSOCIATION REACTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE COOPERATIVITY OF LYSINE INHIBITION

Abstract The sedimentation coefficient of the lysine-sensitive aspartokinase of Escherichia coli B in sucrose gradients containing lysine increases with increasing temperature and ionic strength. Sedimentation equilibrium molecular weight determinations provide the basis for interpreting the sedimentation velocity results as being due to a rapidly reversible, lysine-mediated association reaction predominantly of the monomer-dimer type. The dependencies of dimerization and lysine binding on lysine concentration are almost identical, with the half-maximal response occurring around 30 µm. Hill coefficients for lysine inhibition demonstrate a temperature dependence which parallels that for dimerization. Maximum dimerization and maximum Hill coefficients are obtained at temperatures above 20°. Arrhenius plots of enzyme activity are biphasic with a break occurring at 20°. The response of the kinetics of lysine inhibition to the parameters influencing enzyme structure together with the stoichiometry of lysine binding (2 lysines per protein dimer or per 4 subunits) suggest that the association reaction is related to the cooperativity of lysine inhibition.
Matrix-mediated mechanical regulation of tissue morphogenesis (79.1)

Tissues develop into their mature three-dimensional (3D) forms via the process of morphogenesis. Using lithographic approaches in combination with 3D traction force microscopy, we have elucidated t...