cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground state and phase transitions in solid C 60

A simple model is developed to describe the intermolecular interactions in solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. The model correctly predicts the observed ground-state structure Pa3\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} and the first-order transition to the high-temperature fcc phase. The calculated transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}270 K and its pressure dependence ${\mathit{dT}}_{\mathit{c}}$/dP=11.5 K/kbar agree very well with recent experiments. Below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, there exist nearly degenerate orientations that are separated by potential barriers of order \ensuremath{\sim}300 meV, leading to a glassy behavior with ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{g}}$\ensuremath{\sim}90--130 K. It is suggested that similar orientational disorder exists in ${\mathrm{K}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and other fullerides.
On the Role of Tin Catalysts in Step-Growth Polymerization Reactions

Organotin compounds have been used to catalyze the condensation of various α,ω-dihydroxyl terminated organosiloxane diols. This tin catalyzed reaction extends the length of siloxane chains and it also produces narrow molar mass distribution polyorganodisilanols (Mw/Mn = 1.4). The reaction occurs between a variety of siloxanes that are terminated with hydroxyl groups and it does not depend on the organic side groups connected to silicon for the systems studied here. These systems include silicon atoms bearing dimethyl, methylphenyl or methyl 1,1,1 trifluoropropyl substituents. The organotin catalyst in the reaction facilitates the organosilanol condensation releasing water as a byproduct. However it does not appear to facilitate the opening of siloxane bonds nor the redistribution of siloxane bonds under the conditions employed here. Copolymerization of linear oligomeric dimethylsiloxane diol and linear oligomeric methylphenylsiloxanediol was found to give a relatively equal reactivity of homo polymerization and hetro polymerization in the condensation and randomly alternating segmented block copolymers that were formed. The reaction kinetics of the polymerization was used to experimentally verify the fact that there is a chain length dependence of the reacting silanol end-groups. The molar mass values during the polymerizations were determined using gel permeation chromatography. The chromatography, viscosity and FTIR results demonstrate that the reactivity of the hydroxyl end-groups in the polycondensation reaction decreases upon increasing the chain length of the siloxane. It therefore appears that these tin catalyzed siloxane systems deviate from the widely demonstrated hypothesis of Paul Flory on the “equal reactivity of functional groups” for step-growth polymerizations.
Hyperfine spectra and molecular constants of D2S

Abstract A millimeter wave molecular beam maser has been used to resolve the nuclear hyperfine structure of the 1 10 → 1 01 transition of D 2 S at 91.4 Gc/sec. This data, combined with that previously obtained for H 2 S and HDS, allows a determination of the molecular constants of hydrogen sulfide. The quadrupole coupling constants for D 2 S are ( eQq j ) 1 10 = 17.83 ± 0.15 kc/sec and ( eQq j ) 1 01 = −10.82 ± 0.28 kc/sec. The components of χ ii = eQ D q ii in its principal axis system are χ xx = 149.0 kc/sec, χ yy = −59.8 kc / sec , and χ zz = −89.2 kc/sec, where the z axis is perpendicular to the plane of the molecule and the x axis is rotated 1°35′ from the DS bond in the direction away from the D-S-D obtuse angle.
Sources and dispersal patterns of clay minerals in surface sediments from the continental-shelf areas off Alaska

The Three mineral suites were recognized in the Gulf of Alaska. The glaciomarine sediments of fjords and the eastern shelf consist typically of the primary phyllosilicates, micas, and chlorites, derived locally from argillite, graywacke, and metavolcanics under conditions of mild chemical weathering. More glycol-expandable clay minerals (GECM) in the north Gulf substantiate clay supply to that region primarily from the Yakataga and Poul Creek Formations, and to a lesser extent from the Copper River. The northern Gulf clay-mineral suite is transported to central Prince William Sound and northeast Kodiak Shelf by the Alaska coastal current. In the western Gulf, clay minerals adjacent to the Alaska Peninsula are derived principally from the Susitna River via Cook Inlet, whereas those of the outer shelf presumably have their provenance in Kodiak Island and the Katmai Ash submarine deposit. In the southeast Bering Sea, a progressive northwestward decrease in GECM, from 65% to 11%, is caused by a gradually decreased sediment export from the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutians, with a possible minor increase in illite from the Kuskokwin River. The Yukon River is the predominant clay source for the north Bering Sea, as signified by an abrupt increase in that area of GECM (20% to 35%) and of kaolinite/chlorite ratios. Clay mineralogy indicates that the central Chukchi Sea is the major repository of the Yukon clays, suggesting that clay-mineral stratigraphic studies have implications for interpretation of the Quaternary paleogeography of “Beringia.” In the Beaufort Sea nearshore, influence of different fluvial inputs and their dispersals by currents are sharply defined. The lack of a definite pattern to the distribution of clay minerals in the outer continental shelf may be due to haphazard transport of clays by ice rafting and/or reworking and redistribution of sediments resulting from ice gouging of the sea substrate. Movement of sediment to the west in the Alaskan portion of the inner shelf of Beaufort Sea is evident. An apparent seaward increase in illite/GECM ratio in the Colville Delta is tentatively ascribed to regeneration of degraded illite-micas by K + fixation in saline waters. An isolated area of sediment rich in expandable clay minerals in the central Beaufort Shelf presumably is relict.
Type IV collagen and fibronectin enhance human keratinocyte thymidine incorporation and spreading in the absence of soluble growth factors

In various cell culture systems, extracellular matrix components have been demonstrated to be mitogenic and, in some cases, to substitute for growth factors. In order to study the effects of various matrices on keratinocyte growth, we assessed the incorporation of tritiated thymidine and cell number on short-term cultures of human keratinocytes plated on different substrata. For determination of whether thymidine incorporation by keratinocytes was related to the ability of the cells to attach and spread on the substratum, experiments to determine the percentage of attached and spread cells on each matrix surface were performed. High levels of attachment and incorporation of thymidine with no preferential attachment to a given matrix were evident when the cells were cultured in the presence of growth factors. When growth factors were absent, keratinocytes likewise showed no preferential attachment to a given matrix component, but demonstrated enhanced thymidine incorporation when apposed to type IV collagen or fibronectin in comparison with tissue culture plastic or laminin. In the absence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bovine pituitary extract (BPE), increased spreading on type IV collagen and fibronectin was associated with enhanced incorporation of thymidine. In agreement with the thymidine incorporation results, when keratinocytes were cultured for 7 d, cell numbers were increased in cultures plated on type IV collagen only if growth factors were excluded from the medium. When attachment of cells to substrata with or without growth factors was compared, either EGF or BPE enhanced attachment to all of the substrata tested. It is concluded that under suboptimal growth conditions extracellular matrix components can modulate keratinocyte growth. Also, under these conditions, spreading, but not attachment, correlates with growth potential.
Effects of Simulation Training on Making Purchases with a Debit Card and Tracking Expenses

This study used a multiple probe design across participants to examine the effects of classroom simulation using static picture prompts on students’ ability to acquire, maintain, and generalize ski...
Factors affecting supplier quality performance

Abstract The interest among practitioners and researchers in quality management and other factors that may affect quality performance reflects the understanding that a firm's output (i.e., performance) can be only as good as the quality of its inputs. However, studies of the quality management-quality performance relationship have led to mixed results regarding the existence of a positive correlation between the two. The results of a survey of 348 aerospace component manufacturers are examined here to provide new insights into factors that affect supplier quality performance. In this study, the inconsistent association between practice and performance is accounted for by considering the process view of quality management. Process management links quality management with process optimization to address both effectiveness and efficiency concerns. Performance is also affected by transaction-specific investments (asset specificity) in the buyer/supplier relationship that lead to poorer component quality and higher transaction costs. Asset specificity and organizational efficiency at implementing Total Quality Management hold great promise for resolving the mixed practice-performance findings in the quality management literature.
Review Article: A Critical Review of the Influence of Lubricants on the Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Refrigerants, Part 1: Lubricant Influence on Pool and Flow Boiling

The influence of refrigeration lubricants on pool and flow boiling of refrigerant-oil mixtures is a complex subject, and a consistent relationship cannot be identified. Instead, the influence varies greatly depending on oil concentration, operating parameters, and application. This paper intends to present a comprehensive summary of the various studies that have been conducted in this area and tries to identify some general relationships. In addition, the research methods and correlations presented on each of these subjects are summarized. Finally, technical recommendations regarding the lubricant influences on these aspects are provided in this paper.
Should there be Separate Justice Systems for Special Needs Populations? Results from the Penn State Public Opinion Poll

Changing population demographics and the aging of the baby boom generation will affect the structure of all the institutions of our society. An aging and increasingly disabled correctional populati...
The role of cystine-glutamate exchange in nicotine dependence in rats and humans.

Background The present study determined if, akin to cocaine, nicotine self-administration in rats induces adaptations in the expression of glutamate transporters and cystine-glutamate exchangers in brain nuclei implicated in reinforcement and if treating cigarette smokers with a drug that restores cystine-glutamate exchange affects the number of cigarettes smoked. Methods Rats self-administered nicotine intravenously for 12 hours/day or received nicotine through osmotic minipumps for 21 days. Somatic signs of withdrawal were measured and immunoblotting was performed 12 hours after the last nicotine exposure to determine if the catalytic subunit of the cystine-glutamate exchanger, xCT, or the glial glutamate transporter, GLT-1, were altered in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, or amygdala. For the smoking reduction study in humans, nicotine-dependent smokers were treated for 4 weeks with N-acetylcysteine (2400 mg daily) to promote cystine-glutamate exchange or placebo. Participants provided weekly ratings of withdrawal symptoms, craving, and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements and logged daily cigarette and alcohol use. Results Rats receiving nicotine via self-administration or minipumps displayed somatic signs of withdrawal, but only nicotine self-administering rats showed decreased xCT expression in the nucleus accumbens and VTA and decreased GLT-1 expression in the nucleus accumbens. Human smokers treated with N-acetylcysteine reported a reduction in cigarettes smoked, and there was no effect of N-acetylcysteine on estimates of CO levels, craving, or withdrawal. Conclusions These results indicate that the cystine-glutamate exchanger and the glial glutamate transporter are downregulated after nicotine self-administration, and augmenting exchanger activity with N-acetylcysteine reduced the number of cigarettes smoked in nicotine-dependent individuals.
A phase II multicenter study of CAMPATH-1H antibody in previously treated patients with nonbulky non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

CAMPATH-1H is a humanized antilymphocyte monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against the CD52 antigen expressed on normal and malignant lymphocytes. We report the results of a multicenter phase II trial using intravenous CAMPATH-1H in previously treated patients with nonbulky non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or minimal residual NHL. Sixteen previously treated patients with nonbulky NHL and two patients with minimal residual NHL, were treated with CAMPATH-1H. Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometric techniques in eleven patients. The 18 patients enrolled in the studies received CAMPATH-1H for a median duration of 6 weeks (range, 3 to 14 weeks), and a median cumulative dose of 470 mg (range, 180 to 1185 mg). Two of the sixteen patients with nonbulky NHL achieved a complete response (CR) and one patient achieved a partial response (PR). One of the two patients with minimal residual NHL achieved a molecular CR. Infusional complications were seen with the majori...
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PAY, RACE, SEX, OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE, SUPERVISION, WORK AUTONOMY, AND JOB SATISFACTION IN A NATIONAL SAMPLE

Published evidence, based largely on bivariate methods of analysis, generally suggests that pay, race, occupational prestige, supervisory status, and work autonomy are associated with job satisfaction and that sex is not. Regression analysis of a representative sample of U.S. workers, which partialled out the effects of a number of other variables, affirms that supervisory status makes an independent contribution to job satisfaction and that sex is unrelated, but suggests that the zero-order effects of pay, race, occupational prestige, and work autonomy are spurious.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTAL EDUCATION AND SCHOOL INVOLVEMENT OF MEXICAN-AMERICAN PARENTS

The relationship between education and involvement in school among Mexican-American parents was examined. Self-reports were collected from 396 Mexican-American parents of children attending an elem...
Infrasonic Signals from Large Mining Explosions

We study infrasonic signals from large surface mining explosions in Wyoming. Detections at the Pinedale Infrasound Array (PDIAR) (obtained using a conventional array-processing technique) are automatically associated with ground- truth mining explosions at a range of 368 km. We then focus on four clear signals from mining explosions. By performing a detailed noise study and modeling the propaga- tion of infrasound using a raytracing algorithm and ground-to-space (G2S) atmo- spheric models, we assess the factors that contribute to the detectability of mining explosions. We find that we can explain most of the observations by propagation and noise effects alone, but that there are at least two notable outliers. Because of high noise levels at the PDIAR array, which places significant constraints on the sizes of mining explosions that can be detected, these results are strongly biased and must be reassessed for lower-noise infrasound arrays.
IMPACTS OF ROAD DEICING SALT ON THE DEMOGRAPHY OF VERNAL POOL-BREEDING AMPHIBIANS

Deicing agents, primarily road salt, are applied to roads in 26 states in the United States and in a number of European countries, yet the scale of impacts of road salt on aquatic organisms remains largely under-studied. The issue is germane to amphibian conservation because both adult and larval amphibians are known to be particularly sensitive to changes in their osmolar environments. In this study, we combined survey, experimental, and demographic modeling approaches to evaluate the possible effects of road salt on two common vernal-pond-breeding amphibian species, the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). We found that in the Adirondack Mountain Region of New York (USA), road salt traveled up to 172 m from the highway into wetlands. Surveys showed that egg mass densities of spotted salamanders (A. maculatum) and wood frogs (R. sylvatica) were two times higher in forest pools than roadside pools, but this pattern was better explained by road proximity than by increased salinity. Experiments demonstrated that embryonic and larval survival were reduced at moderate (500 muS) and high conductivities (3000 muS) in A. maculatum and at high conductivities in R. sylvatica. Demographic models suggest that such egg and larval stage effects of salt may have important impacts on populations near roads, particularly in the case of A. maculatum, for which salt exposure may lead to local extinction. For both species, the effect of road salt was dependent upon the strength of larval density dependence and declined rapidly with distance from the roadside, with the greatest negative effects being limited to within 50 m. Based on this evidence, we argue that efforts to protect local populations of A. maculatum and R. sylvatica in roadside wetlands should, in part, be aimed at reducing application of road salt near wetlands with high conductivity levels.
Design and implementation of a decimation filter for hearing aid applications

In this paper we deal with the design and implementation of a decimation filter used for hearing aid applications. We implement the decimation filter using the canonic signed digit (CSD) representation. Each digital filter structure is simulated using Matlab, and its complete architecture is captured using DSP Blockset and Simulink. The filter has been implemented on Xilinx FPGA using Virtex-2 technology. The resulting architecture is hardware efficient and consumes less power compared to conventional decimation filters. Compared to the comb-FIR-FIR architecture, the designed decimation filter architecture contributes to a hardware saving of 69%; in addition, it reduces the power dissipation by 83%, respectively.
Cortical surface modeling reveals gross morphometric correlates of individual differences

Advances in human neurobiology are now made possible through methods which combine structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), three-dimensional reconstruction, and statistical analysis. MRI-based reconstruction enables the in vivo quantification of regional cortical surface area (rCSA) while inter-group comparisons uncover relationships of cortical morphometry with genotype, sex, and developmental abnormalities. In studies on normals we have found strong associations between the rCSA of monozygotic twins as compared to unrelated pairings. Further analysis of this data uncovered significant differences between the male and female twins in left hemisphere rCSA. When these methods were applied to brains of dyslexic subjects and controls, we identified a pattern of differences involving all major subdivisions of both hemispheres. Taken together, these techniques can illuminate structure- function issues in both normal and diseased brains. o 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In the Shadow of the Ruins: Globalization and the Rise of Corporate Universities.

The term ‘corporate university’, which has come into wide use in the last decade, is applied to three kinds of organizations: (1) established, mainstream, non-profit universities adapting to economic and technological pressures by adopting managerial practices of modern for-profit corporations; (2) newly established, highly innovative universities that operate as for-profit corporations, but satisfy the political and legal requirements for university status, and meet the standards of accrediting bodies (e.g. the University of Phoenix); and (3) new educational organizations operating within, and providing education and training services for, for-profit corporate firms (e.g. Marriott University). Organizations of types (2) and (3) provide a different ‘product’ than traditional universities, but nonetheless are subverting traditional academic practices in areas of recruitment and retention, academic standards, pricing, and managerial culture, thus making mainstream institutions corporate universities of type...
Minimum-norm least-squares estimation: magnetic source images for a spherical model head

The minimum-norm least-squares inverse approach to a local spherical model for the conductivity geometry of the human head is extended. In simulations of cortical activity of the human brain, the magnetic field pattern across the scalp is interpreted with prior knowledge of anatomy, and the properties of intraneuronal current flow to yield a unique magnetic source image across a portion of cerebral cortex. Influences on the quality of magnetic source images from the noise in measurements, the position errors in determining the image surface, and the number of sensors are evaluated in detail. >
The Frontiers of Physics and Their Roles in Society

The paper presents a broad overview of the most recent developments in all the major subfields of physics together with illustrations of recent societal applications of these subfields and developments. It is argued that the past five years have been among the most exciting and productive of any in the history of the science in terms both of fundamental discoveries concerning the structure and dynamics of the natural universe and of practical application of these and other discoveries to the alleviation of human problems. Emphasis is placed on the unity of the science and on the challenges that lie ahead. The Nature of Physics "Science is knowing. What man knows about inanimate nature in physics, or rather the most lasting and universal things that he knows make up physics. As he gains more knowledge, what would have appeared complicated or capricious can be seen as essentially simple and in a deep sense orderly. And, to understand how things work is to see how, within environmental constraints and the limitations of wisdom, better to accommodate nature to man and man to nature." Physics in Perspective, Vol. 1, p. 55. US National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C., 1972
Multiple-object detection with a chirp-encoded joint transform correlator

We investigate the performance of a chirp-encoded joint transform correlator in the presence of multiple input objects. We show that, for an input scene containing multiple targets, the chirp-encoding technique focuses the desired cross correlations between the reference signal and the input targets and the undesired self-correlations between the targets in the input scene in separate output planes. The output of the chirp-encoded joint transform correlator is mathematically analyzed for an input scene containing multiple targets. Both the linear joint transform correlator and the nonlinear joint transform correlator in the presence of multiple input targets are considered. For the nonlinear joint transform correlator, the chirp-encoding focuses the higher-order correlation terms, including the higher-order terms of the self-correlations between the targets in the input scene onto separate output planes. The separation requirements of the conventional and the chirp-encoded joint-transform correlator in the presence of multiple input targets are discussed. Computer simulations and experimental results of the chirp-encoded joint transform correlator for a scene containing multiple input targets are presented. The results are compared with a conventional joint transform correlator for an input scene containing multiple targets.
Initiation and management of a pediatric multicenter drug trial by an academic center

Abstract Background: Although the number of prospective pediatric drug trials has increased in the past few years, there are still fewer studies done in pediatric patients than in adults. Such studies are critical for determining the safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosing of drugs in children. Objectives: This article outlines the difficulties encountered in initiating and performing multicenter drug studies in children and offers recommendations for developing and conducting such studies. Methods: We reviewed existing literature in pediatric drug trials, searching PubMed and reviewing topics in such trials, and analyzing our own experience. Results: Recent legislation offers financial incentives to pharmaceutical companies to conduct clinical trials in pediatric patients; however, obstacles to the successful initiation and completion of such trials still exist. Pediatric centers are often inexperienced at developing clinical trial protocols and applying for research grants. In addition, many drugs cannot be administered at appropriate doses to smaller patients in tablet or capsule form, making it necessary to develop new formulations. Furthermore, parents may be reluctant to allow their children to participate in placebo-controlled trials. Pediatricians interested in developing drug trials must plan carefully to anticipate all of the budgetary, staffing, regulatory, and enrollment problems that may arise over the course of such a trial. Conclusions: More trials are needed to determine the safety, efficacy, and optimal doses of new drugs and of drugs already used off-label to treat pediatric patients. The financial incentives offered by legislation provide additional reasons for pediatricians and industry to work together to perform drug trials in pediatric patients.
Learning Team Theories and Measurement through the Game Pandemic

Teamwork is paramount in many modern day career fields. It is important for HF students and professionals to understand the knowledge, skills, and attitudes requisite for excellent teamwork and to grasp the many hurdles that exist in appropriately measuring its major constructs. Although theories can be imparted didactically, and ideas for measurement discussed, conducting team based research continues to be extremely difficult in particular for measuring team behaviors. This article discusses a potential remedy to this issue through the team-based game “Pandemic©”. This game has players work together on teams of 2-4 individuals whose goal is to cure the world from a set of 4 diseases that are eradicating humanity. It forces individuals to be resourceful and work together - and exemplifies many of the behavioral, attitudinal and cognitive components of teamwork. This article will discuss a) the major theories of teamwork that should be taught alongside this game as an in-class activity, b) the KSAs, team ...
Reflections of Women in Legal Education: Stories from Four Decades of Section Chairs

An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss stories of women legal educators, who have served as Chair of the Association of American Law Schools' (AALS) Women in Legal Education Section in the U.S. and what that service meant to them over the years.
Analysis of a parallel machine scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times and job availability intervals

Abstract In this study, we propose constraint programming (CP) model and logic-based Benders algorithms in order to make the best decisions for scheduling non-identical jobs with availability intervals and sequence dependent setup times on unrelated parallel machines in a fixed planning horizon. In this problem, each job has a profit, cost and must be assigned to at most one machine in such a way that total profit is maximized. In addition, the total cost has to be less than or equal to a budget level. Computational tests are performed on a real-life case study prepared in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Our initial investigations show that the pure CP model is very efficient in obtaining good quality feasible solutions but, fails to report the optimal solution for the majority of the problem instances. On the other hand, the two logic-based Benders decomposition algorithms are able to obtain near optimal solutions for 86 instances out of 90 examinees. For the remaining instances, they provide a feasible solution. Further investigations show the high quality of the solutions obtained by the pure CP model.
Annotation of Clinically Important Follow-up Recommendations in Radiology Reports

Communication of follow-up recommendations when abnormalities are identified on imaging studies is prone to error. The absence of an automated system to identify and track radiology recommendations is an important barrier to ensuring timely follow-up of patients especially with non-acute incidental findings on imaging studies. We are in the process of building a natural language processing (NLP) system to identify follow-up recommendations in free-text radiology reports. In this paper, we describe our efforts in creating a multiinstitutional radiology report corpus annotated for follow-up recommendation information. The annotated corpus will be used to train and test the NLP system.
Brine Discharge Load Design and Optimization Framework for Desalination Process Using Mixing Plume Criteria and Discharge Pipe Length Augmentation

The operation of the desalination plants leads to a continuous step loading of the brine, typically in a double salinity mass concentration of the ambient receiving water. Currently there is no federal or state regulations in the United States except the state of California or no worldwide standard that regulate brine discharge and resultant brine dilution condition. In this study, the 10% rule regulated under the California Salinity Control was applied to the sourcesink design process for optimizing brine outlet conveyance and release configuration. Objectives of the proposed the source-sink design process are to keep the ambient coastal environment protected from excessive salinity spikes triggered by the brine discharge and to optimize the outlet conveyance dimensions and release configuration subjected to the implementation cost. Reflecting these two objectives simultaneously, a risk analysis was incorporated to solve a constrained minimization optimization problem, and Monte Carlo simulation technique was formulated based on the analysis results from Huntington Beach, California on the maximum allowable time of exposure to the high salinity. The brine plume dispersion and spatiotemporal dilution were correspondingly simulated using advection-diffusion equation on sloping seabed. As a result, the outlet length was optimized to minimize the excessive salinity spikes compliant to 10% rule regulated under the California Salinity Control. The methodology has been applied to five different case studies around world where each site has very diverse mixing characteristics. In addition, a nomograph has been developed to relate the outlet conveyance length as a function of mixing and dilution characteristic of the study area. The results indicate that the risk analysis in some cases can decrease the outlet conveyance length up to 100%.
The Use of Self-Modeling to Promote Social Interactions Among Young Children

Video self-modeling (VSM) has been used to teach social skills to children with autism older than 4 years of age. Attempts to use VSM with younger children with disabilities have produced less than...
Effect of Body Weight on Lethal Dose Estimates for the Western Spruce Budworm

Procedures for calculating lethal dose and confidence interval estimates for larvae of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman of a given body weight based on multiple probit or logit regression techniques are described. Results of experiments with mexaearbate, pyrethrins, and DDT were similar for both probit and logit methods. Estimated LDs and their 95% confidence limits increased with increasing body weight. When the hypothesis of proportionality is rejected, use of the proportional model may produce estimates of LDs which are too low and 95% confidence limits which are too narrow, particularly in higher weight classes. These results suggest that topical application experiments should be done with a uniform application volume, and the hypothesis of porportional response should be tested. Since grouping tends to mask departures from proportionality in the data, the use of the basic model as a standard procedure for data analysis is recommended.
Is your staff wise in waste management

All laboratorians must learn their labs' protocols for hazardous waste disposal, including emergency plans and comprehensive procedures for storage, packing, and hauling.
Opinion paper: Information, persuasion and freedom: Implications of communications technology

By examining what constitutes persuasive communication and when it can be considered to be an obstacle to freedom, the author discusses the implications of communications technology for human decision-making. An argument is made that information overload can restrict freedom by affecting man's capacity to process and evaluate information by short-circuiting the rational thought process. Because the control and dissemination of information can be used to alter human behavior, it is important to start investigating the impact of information management in terms of its economic, political and sociological aspects.
ACTIVE STAND-OFF DETECTION OF GAS LEAKS USING A SHORT RANGE HARD-TARGET BACKSCATTER DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL ABSORPTION SYSTEM BASED ON A QUANTUM CASCADE LASER TRANSMITTER

Fugitive gas emissions from agricultural or industrial plants and gas pipelines are an important environmental concern as they can contribute to the global increase of greenhouse gas concentration. Moreover, they are also a security and safety concern because of possible risk of fire/explosion or toxicity. This study presents gas concentration measurements using a quantum cascade laser open path system (QCLOPS). The system retrieves the pathaveraged concentration of N 2 O and CH 4 by collecting the backscattered light from a scattering target. The gas concentration measurements have a high temporal resolution (68 ms) and are achieved at sufficient range (up to 40 m, ~ 130 feet) with a detection limit of 2.6 ppm CH 4 and 0.4 ppm for N 2 O. Given these characteristics, this system is promising for mobile/multidirectional remote detection and evaluation of gas leaks. The instrument is monostatic with a tunable QCL emitting at ~ 7.7 μm wavelength range. The backscattered radiation is collected by a Newtonian telescope and focused on an infrared light detector. Puffs of N 2 O and CH 4 are released along the optical path to simulate a gas leak. The measured absorption spectrum is obtained using the thermal intra-pulse frequency chirped DFB QCL and is analyzed to obtain path averaged gas concentrations.
Acetylcholinesterase Structural Perturbations Examined Through Cysteine Substitution Mutagenesis

In order to investigate characteristics of the solution structure of mAChE, we generated mutants of mouse acetylcholinesterase (mAChE) in which a cysteine residue replaces the natural amino acid. Two functional regions of the molecule were examined: the active center and the peripheral site. Active center mutants included D74C, W86C, and F297C. Mutants of the peripheral site included Y72C, Y124C, W286C, and Y341C. In addition, we exposed the mutant mAChEs to methanethiosulfonyl compounds possessing positive or negative charges or an aromatic moiety. We have characterized these mutants and their derivatized counterparts kinetically using the substrate acetylthiocholine and inhibitors trifluoroketone (TFK), fasciculin, and BW284C51. The introduction of the cysteine residue was well tolerated with respect to acetylthiocholine binding (Km) and rate of hydrolysis (kcat) in the peripheral site mutants Y72C, Y124C, W286C, and Y341C. As expected, acetylthiocholine binding and hydrolysis rates were particularly compromised in the active center mutants D74C and W86C. While the mutant F297C showed an increase in Km and a decrease in kcat, these changes were not as large as found for D74C and W86C. The effect of the introduction of a positive charge was most surprising in the peripheral site mutant Y124C, causing a 100-fold increase in Km without changing Kss (secondary substrate binding site) or kcat. The mutant enzyme Y124C was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and further investigated by conjugation of the cysteinyl thiol group with fluorophores. Active center accessibility of the extrinsically fluorescent enzyme was then explored by means of the fluorescence quenchers nitromethane, iodide, and thallium. Using these results, we have begun to dissect the roles of charge, steric bulk, aromaticity, and active center accessibility as they relate to the solution structure and function of mAChE. (Supported by USPHS Grant GM18360).
The Theological Virtues According to Bruce Springsteen

Bruce Springsteen’s relationship to his Roman Catholic background is complex and multifaceted. This paper seeks to analyze the artist’s understanding of the theological virtues of faith, hope, and love as seen in the album Wrecking Ball (2012). By juxtaposing Springsteen’s understanding of these virtues with Catholicism’s Thomistic tradition, scholars can see how he draws upon this tradition while creating a more robust role for the virtue of hope. This analysis of Springsteen’s engagement in a theological discourse around the virtues of faith, hope, and love offers a fuller understanding of the artist’s commitment to visions of the American Dream.
Signature of Hanle precession in trilayer MoS 2 : Theory and experiment

Valley-spin coupling in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can result in unusual spin transport behaviors under an external magnetic field. Nonlocal resistance measured from two-dimensional materials such as TMDs via electrical Hanle experiments is predicted to exhibit nontrivial features compared with results from conventional materials due to the presence of intervalley scattering as well as a strong internal spin-orbit field. Here we report the all-electrical injection and nonlocal detection of spin-polarized carriers in trilayer ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ films. We calculate the Hanle curves theoretically when the separation between spin injector and detector is much larger than spin diffusion length ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{s}$. The experimentally observed curve matches the theoretically predicted Hanle shape under the regime of slow intervalley scattering. The estimated spin lifetime was found to be around 110 ps at 30 K.
Editorial: Mentoring Graduate Students

Digital scholarship is rapidly transforming the traditional mentoring relationship between faculty members and graduate students. ITET seeks to assist in this transition by providing a forum for graduate students and newer faculty members. DOI:10.2458/azu_itet_v4i1_czerkawski
A new characterization of simultaneous Lyapunov diagonal stability via Hadamard products

Abstract A well-known characterization by Kraaijevanger [14] for Lyapunov diagonal stability states that a real, square matrix A is Lyapunov diagonally stable if and only if A ∘ S is a P -matrix for any positive semidefinite S with nonzero diagonal entries. This result is extended here to a new characterization involving similar Hadamard multiplications for simultaneous Lyapunov diagonal stability on a set of matrices. Among the main ingredients for this extension are a new concept called P -sets and a recent result regarding simultaneous Lyapunov diagonal stability by Berman, Goldberg, and Shorten [2] .
Thirst Increases Chorda Tympani Responses to Sodium Chloride

In nature, water is present as a low-salt solution, thus we hypothesized that thirst would increase taste responses to low-salt solutions. We investigated the effect of thirst on the 2 different salt detection mechanisms present in the rat chorda tympani (CT) nerve. The first mechanism is dependent upon the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), is blocked by benzamil, and is specific to the cation sodium. The second mechanism, while undefined, is independent of ENaC, and detects multiple cations. We expected thirst to increase benzamil-sensitive sodium responses due to mechanistically increasing the benzamil-sensitive ENaC. We recorded CT whole-nerve electrophysiological responses to lingual application of NaCl, KCl (30, 75, 150, 300, 500, and 600 mM), and imitation rainwater in both control and 24-h water-restricted male rats. NaCl solutions were presented in artificial saliva before and after lingual application of 5µM benzamil. Water restriction significantly increased the integrated CT responses to NaCl but not to KCl or imitation rainwater. Consistent with our hypothesis, only the benzamil-sensitive, and not the benzamil-insensitive, CT sodium response significantly increased. Additionally, CT responses to salt were recorded following induction of either osmotic or volemic thirst. Both thirsts significantly enhanced the integrated CT responses to NaCl and KCl, but not imitation rainwater. Interestingly, osmotic and volemic thirsts increased CT responses by increasing both the benzamil-sensitive and benzamil-insensitive CT sodium responses. We propose that thirst increases the sensitivity of the CT nerve to sodium.
Assessing years of life lost versus number of deaths in the United States, 1995-2015.

Objectives. To assess years of life lost to each cause of death in the United States between 1995 and 2015, and compare it with the number of deaths.Methods. We used Vital Statistics mortality data and defined “life-years lost” as remaining life expectancy for each decedent’s age, sex, and race. We calculated the share of life-years lost to each cause of death in each year, and examined reasons for changes.Results. In 2015, heart disease caused the most deaths, but cancer caused 23% more life-years lost. Life-years lost to heart disease declined 6% since 1995, whereas life-years lost to cancer increased 16%. The increase for cancer was entirely attributable to population growth and longer life expectancy; had these factors remained constant, life-years lost to heart disease and cancer would have fallen 56% and 38%, respectively. Accidents (including overdoses), suicides, and homicides each caused twice the share of life-years lost as deaths. Measuring life-years lost highlighted racial disparities in hear...
Tests for the Eye-Color Hormones of Drosophila in Other Insects

SummaryThe diffusible substances concerned in eye color development in Drosophila are widely distributed throughout the insect group. They are probably normal constituents of insect tissues only, since tests in other animals have been entirely negative.Tissues producing a modification of v bw eyes also produce a modification of cn bw eyes. In all cross comparable cases there has resulted a greater modification of v bw eyes than of cn bw eyes.
Mesoscale ballistic damage mechanisms of a single-layer woven glass/epoxy composite

Abstract Understanding damage mechanics across multiple length scales is necessary for design of enhanced protection by composite armor systems. In this work, we investigated the perforation mechanics of a single layer, woven composite target transversely impacted below and above the ballistic limit by a rigid projectile sized on the order of a tow width. To visualize mesoscale damage mechanisms of woven composites, a thin translucent composite target was used providing access to both impact and back-face surfaces. High-speed video, high-speed digital image correlation, high-resolution photography, and X-ray computed tomography were used to gather data. Impact and residual velocity data, ballistic limit velocity, and projectile impact location relative to the weaving architecture were quantified. It was found that impact on a tow-tow crossover requires more energy to perforate than impact on a matrix-rich interstitial site or on adjacent, parallel tows. Dynamic deflection and the transverse deformation cone wave-front velocity of the thin composite were measured. Meso-mechanical damage in thin, woven composites was characterized for impact velocities below and above the ballistic limit. Four mesoscale damage modes were identified: transverse tow cracks, tow-tow delamination, 45° matrix cracks, and punch-shear. These damage modes were observed both on the surface and inside the composites. The data presented here are useful for mesoscale modeling of woven composites, and this work provides new insight into meso‑mechanical modes of damage in thin composite structures under dynamic impact.
Healthy Sisters: A Feasibility study of a health behavior intervention for women of color breast cancer survivors.

There is strong evidence for the need to educate and empower women of color breast cancer survivors (WCBCS) to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore feasibilit...
Using Guided Inquiry Tools with Online Geosciences Data from the Great Lakes

All major science education reform documents call for a shift from traditional structured lessons to more inquiry-based instruction in science classrooms. This shift requires teachers to generate new methods to present students with the opportunity to engage in scientific experiences through observations and data analysis. One approach is to use inquiry-based activities with online research. To ensure that teachers have the data necessary to conduct investigations, a website entitled Teaching with Great Lakes Data was developed. Given the emphasis on incorporating more inquiry-based instruction into science classrooms, the Virtual Vee Map guided inquiry tool is used.
Eicosanoid regulation of oosporogenesis by Lagenidium giganteum

Cell proliferation is inhibited in many biological systems by lipid peroxides and related products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Using developmentally synchronized cultures of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a facultative parasite of mosquito larvae, it has been documented that oxidative lipid metabolism is necessary for the induction and subsequent maturation of its sexual stage, the oospore. Addition of lipoxygenase inhibitors to liquid cultures of the fungus results in the stage-specific disruption of antheridial induction, gametangial fusion, induction of meiosis and spore cell wall formation. Oosporogenesis is inhibited by these compounds at concentrations which have no discernible effect on mycelial viability or asexual reproduction. Cyclooxygenase inhibition had comparable effects using ibuprofen and to a lesser extent with indomethacin. Phenylbutazone and the salicylates affected oosporogenesis only at concentrations which decreased asexual reproduction or mycelial viability. The inhibitory effects of NDGA on oosporogenesis could be reversed using partly purified eicosanoid extracts from growth media.
104. Geiäßanatomische Grundlagen der Chirurgie des terminalen Ileums

Das terminale Ileum gilt als schlecht durchblutet. Bei gutartigen Lasionen sollte aus funktionellen Grunden eine maximale Erhaltung des terminalen Ileums und der Vulva ileocaecalis angestrebt werden. Wir fuhrten deshalb eine Studie an 200 Leichen durch Praparation der A. mesenterica superior und A. ileocolica und ihrer Aste durch. Wir benutzten die Klassifikation der Arterienmuster des terminalen Ileums von Chevrel und Gueraud. Wir fanden in 56% einen tiefen Ursprung der Anastomose zwischen der A. mesenterica superior und der A. ileocolica, in 44% einen hohen Ursprung. Eine A. ileus recurrens war in 84% nachweisbar. Aus dieser Untersuchung konnen Schlusfolgerungen fur die Chirurgie gezogen werden.