cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein is associated with progression of human non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are naturally occurring inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It has been shown that TIMP-1 may be a multifunctional protein. Little is known about the role of TIMP-1 in progression and metastasis of human lung cancer (tumor inhibiting or tumor promoting), although studies using a variety of techniques have analyzed the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA and/or protein in human cancers. Patients and Methods We examined the expression of TIMP-1 protein by immunohistochemistry in patients (n = 160) with primary respectable (stage I to IIIA) non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results Twenty-seven percent of the tumors (43 of 160) demonstrated elevated expression of this protein. We demonstrate that overexpression of TIMP-1 protein is associated with an adverse outcome. In addition, disease stage, patient's age, and performance status were all significantly related to survival. In multivariate analyses, patients with high TIMP-1 expression had a 90% in...
Alternative Splicing Regulates the Subcellular Localization of a-Kinase Anchoring Protein 18 Isoforms

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is localized to specific subcellular compartments by association with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). AKAPs are a family of functionally related proteins that bind the regulatory (R) subunit of PKA with high affinity and target the kinase to specific subcellular organelles. Recently, AKAP18, a low molecular weight plasma membrane AKAP that facilitates PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the L-type Ca2+ channel, was cloned. We now report the cloning of two additional isoforms of AKAP18, which we have designated AKAP18β and AKAP18γ, that arise from alternative mRNA splicing. The AKAP18 isoforms share a common R subunit binding site, but have distinct targeting domains. The original AKAP18 (renamed AKAP18α) and AKAP18β target the plasma membrane when expressed in HEK-293 cells, while AKAP18γ is cytosolic. When expressed in epithelial cells, AKAP18α is targeted to lateral membranes, whereas AKAP18β is accumulated at the apical membrane. A 23-amino acid insert, following the plasma membrane targeting domain, facilitates the association of AKAP18β with the apical membrane. The data suggest that AKAP18 isoforms are differentially targeted to modulate distinct intracellular signaling events. Furthermore, the data suggest that plasma membrane AKAPs may be targeted to subdomains of the cell surface, adding additional specificity in intracellular signaling.
Traditional Papermaking and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico

Traditional Papermaklng and Paper Cult Figures of Mexico. A. R. Sandstrom and P.E.Sandstrom Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. 336 pp. $24.95 (cloth) ISBN 0-8061-1972-1
Current therapy for bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is a common, self-limiting, seasonal viral respiratory tract infection in infancy accounting for the majority of hospital admissions in this age group. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment, concentrating on fluid replacement, gentle suctioning of nasal secretions, prone position (if in hospital), oxygen therapy and respiratory support if necessary. There is a long history of pharmacological agents offering no benefit in acute bronchiolitis. More recently, nebulised epinephrine has been demonstrated to offer short term benefits, while two stratagems have shown promise in decreasing risk of hospitalisation and length of hospital stay. The combination of oral dexamethasone with nebulised epinephrine potentially decreases the need for hospitalisation, while nebulised 3% hypertonic saline mixed with a bronchodilator decreases the length of hospitalisation. Although both stratagems appear safe and well tolerated, their role in clinical practice remains unclear.
European solvent industry group generic exposure scenario risk and exposure tool

The European Solvents Industry Group (ESIG) Generic Exposure Scenario (GES) Risk and Exposure Tool (EGRET) was developed to facilitate the safety evaluation of consumer uses of solvents, as required by the European Union Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) Regulation. This exposure-based risk assessment tool provides estimates of both exposure and risk characterization ratios for consumer uses. It builds upon the consumer portion of the European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) Targeted Risk Assessment (TRA) tool by implementing refinements described in ECETOC TR107. Technical enhancements included the use of additional data to refine scenario defaults and the ability to include additional parameters in exposure calculations. Scenarios were also added to cover all frequently encountered consumer uses of solvents. The TRA tool structure was modified to automatically determine conditions necessary for safe use. EGRET reports results using specific standard phrases in a format consistent with REACH exposure scenario guidance, in order that the outputs can be readily assimilated within safety data sheets and similar information technology systems. Evaluation of tool predictions for a range of commonly encountered consumer uses of solvents found it provides reasonable yet still conservative exposure estimates.
Phase Space Reconstruction of Nonlinear Time Series Based on Kernel Method

A phase space reconstruction method KPCA-CA was proposed based on Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and Correlation Analysis (CA) for nonlinear time series. On the basis of KPCA, the correlation was analyzed between every kernel principal component and output variable, and some kernel principal components were discontinuously chosen according to their correlation degree to form the phase space of nonlinear time series. The method was compared with other methods of phase space reconstruction. The experimental results show that modeling accuracy for nonlinear time series is highest based on the phase space reconstruction method proposed by the paper, proving the efficiency of the method.
The Scaling of Uphill and Downhill Locomotion in Legged Animals

Synopsis Animals must continually respond dynamically as they move through complex environments, and slopes are a common terrain on which legged animals must move. Despite this, non-level locomotion remains poorly understood. In this study, we first review the literature on locomotor mechanics, metabolic cost, and kinematic strategies on slopes. Using existing literature we then performed scaling analyses of kinematic variables, including speed, duty factor, and stride-length across a range of body sizes from ants to horses. The studies that examined locomotion on inclines vastly outnumbered those focusing on declines. On inclines, animals tend to reduce speed and increase duty factor, but a similar consensus could not be reached for declines. Remarkably, stride-length did not differ between locomotion on inclines and on level terrain, but this may have resulted from data only being available for low slopes (5308). On declines there appears to be a shift in locomotor strategy that is size-dependent. At masses 51–10 kg, animals tended to use shorter strides than on level terrain, and the opposite occurred at larger body masses. Therefore, possibly due to stability issues, body mass plays a significant role in the locomotor strategy used when traveling downhill. Although we currently lack sufficient data, differential leg function is likely to be critical for locomotion on slopes, with mechanical demands differing on limbs during movement on level, inclined, and declined surfaces. Our scaling analysis not only highlights areas that require future work, but also suggests that body size is important for determining the mechanics and strategies animals use to negotiate non-level terrain. It is clear that selection has resulted in an incredible range of body size among animals, both extant and extinct, and it is likely that the ability to move up and down slopes has constrained or relaxed these mechanical pressures. Given the lack of integration of ecological data with laboratory experiments, future work should first determine which inclines animals actually use in nature, as this likely plays a key role in behaviors such as predator–prey interactions.
Surviving physical and sexual abuse: what helps low-income women?

OBJECTIVES: This paper contributes to the growing literature on help-seeking among women who experience violence. METHODS: We interviewed 390 low-income women who reported experiencing physical or sexual violence during adulthood, half of whom were infected with HIV. We obtained information on actions taken in response to episodes of violence and for leaving abusive relationships. RESULTS: A substantial proportion of women could predict an oncoming episode of violence; although the majority took some action either before or during the violent episode, almost 20% took no action at that time to protect themselves. Although family and friends were the greatest source of help for leaving violent relationships, the majority of women who left their abusers, 70%, did not receive assistance. Jobs and education were identified services that would help women leave abusive relationships. CONCLUSIONS: There is need for more services for low-income women experiencing violence that focus on safety and on supporting and promoting financial independence. Language: en
Integration of emotion and cognition in the lateral prefrontal cortex

We used functional MRI to test the hypothesis that emotional states can selectively influence cognition-related neural activity in lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), as evidence for an integration of emotion and cognition. Participants (n = 14) watched short videos intended to induce emotional states (pleasant/approach related, unpleasant/withdrawal related, or neutral). After each video, the participants were scanned while performing a 3-back working memory task having either words or faces as stimuli. Task-related neural activity in bilateral PFC showed a predicted pattern: an Emotion × Stimulus crossover interaction, with no main effects, with activity predicting task performance. This highly specific result indicates that emotion and higher cognition can be truly integrated, i.e., at some point of processing, functional specialization is lost, and emotion and cognition conjointly and equally contribute to the control of thought and behavior. Other regions in lateral PFC showed hemispheric specialization for emotion and for stimuli separately, consistent with a hierarchical and hemisphere-based mechanism of integration.
Unconstrained optimal control of regular languages

This paper formulates an unconstrained optimal policy for control of regular languages realized as deterministic finite state automata (DFSA). A signed real measure quantifies the behavior of controlled sublanguages based on a state transition cost matrix and a characteristic vector as reported in an earlier publication. The state-based optimal control policy is obtained by selectively disabling controllable events to maximize the measure of the controlled plant language without any further constraints. Synthesis of the optimal control policy requires at most n iterations, where n is the number of states of the DFSA model. Each iteration solves a set of n simultaneous linear algebraic equations. As such, computational complexity of the control synthesis is polynomial in n.
Current loop models for the circumstellar matter in SN 1987A

Some properties of current-loop models are explored, and some implications are discussed. The elliptical ring observed to be centered on the supernova can be interpreted as light from ions trapped in the magnetic field of a circular current loop. The current is 1.5*10/sup 12/ A for a model where gravitational force on 0.03 solar masses of trapped matter balances the electrodynamic expansion of the loop. The magnetic energy of the loop is 2*10/sup 41/ erg. Consideration of the magnetized clouds in the solar wind as an analogous source for such a loop leads to the conclusion that the loop formed over the lifetime of the progenitor star. >
Competing Manufacturers in a Retail Supply Chain: On Contractual Form and Coordination

It is common for a retailer to sell products from competing manufacturers. How then should the firms manage their contract negotiations? The supply chain coordination literature focuses either on a single manufacturer selling to a single retailer or one manufacturer selling to many (possibly competing) retailers. We find that some key conclusions from those market structures do not apply in our setting, where multiple manufacturers sell through a single retailer. We allow the manufacturers to compete for the retailer's business using one of three types of contracts: a wholesale-price contract, a quantity-discount contract, or a two-part tariff. It is well known that the latter two, more sophisticated contracts enable the manufacturer to coordinate the supply chain, thereby maximizing the profits available to the firms. More importantly, they allow the manufacturer to extract rents from the retailer, in theory allowing the manufacturer to leave the retailer with only her reservation profit. However, we show that in our market structure these two sophisticated contracts force the manufacturers to compete more aggressively relative to when they only offer wholesale-price contracts, and this may leave them worse off and the retailer substantially better off. In other words, although in a serial supply chain a retailer may have just cause to fear quantity discounts and two-part tariffs, a retailer may actually prefer those contracts when offered by competing manufacturers. We conclude that the properties a contractual form exhibits in a one-manufacturer supply chain may not carry over to the realistic setting in which multiple manufacturers must compete to sell their goods through the same retailer.
Affective Modification of the Startle Eyeblink Response During Sexual and Emotional Infidelity Scripts

The sex difference in jealousy has been demonstrated to occur in response to actual experiences with infidelity, continuous measures of jealousy, as well as cross-culturally. However, to date, the evidence for physiological correlates of jealousy has been limited and mixed. As such, the purpose of this study was to explore the sex difference in jealousy using multiple physiological measures of jealousy. In our study, we demonstrate that the sex difference in jealousy occurs using self-report measures of jealousy in addition to occurring with the affective modification of startle response (but not in response to facial electromyography (EMG), skin conductance, or heart rate). As such, this study demonstrates that the sex difference in jealousy is a replicable finding that occurs when using self-report measures of jealousy in addition to manifesting itself in physiological correlates.
THE PREVENTION OF DEFORMITY OF THE SPINE VERTEBRAL FUSION

Vertebral fusion has a definite preventive influence over deformity of the spine following injury to the epiphyseal plate or vertebral body. There is a definite tendency toward lordosis after fusion of the spine in growing animals. This is due to the fact that there is some inhibition in longitudinal expansion with compensatory growth anteriorly toward the place of least resistance. The lordosis may exert a corrective influence over an existing kyphosis. In tuberculosis of the spine there may be a lessening of the deformity after the fusion operation. This corrective influence should be borne in mind in the treatment of vertebral epiphysitis (kyphosis dorsalis juvenilis). The preventive influence of fusion over scoliosis is also possibly of clinical value. In paralytic scoliosis the problem is quite complex, because of the multiplicity of forces and the difficulty in knowing the exact site and amount of fusion.
You Have One Friend Request

Local governments in the Phoenix metropolitan area have begun to create official government Facebook pages as an additional way to reach citizens. Using social media at the local government level s...
Latent growth modeling with domain-specific outcomes comprised of mixed response types in intervention studies

Objective When several continuous outcome measures of interest are collected across time in experimental studies, the use of standard statistical procedures, such as multivariate analysis of variance or growth curve modeling, can be properly used to assess treatment effects. However, when data consist of mixed responses (e.g., continuous and ordered categorical [ordinal] responses), traditional modeling approaches are no longer appropriate. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the use of a more suitable modeling procedure when mixed responses are collected in longitudinal intervention studies. Method Problems with traditional analyses of such data are discussed, as are potential advantages provided by the proposed modeling approach. The application of the multiple-domain latent growth modeling approach with mixed responses is illustrated for experimental designs with data from the SeniorWISE study (McDougall et al., 2010). This multisite randomized trial assessed memory functioning of 265 elderly adults across a 26-month period after receiving either a memory or health promotion training program. Results The latent growth models illustrated allow one to examine treatment effects on the growth of multiple mixed outcomes while incorporating associations among multiple responses, which allows for better missing data treatment, greater power, and more accurate control of Type I error. The interpretation of parameters of interest and treatment effects is discussed using the SeniorWISE data. Conclusions Multiple-domain latent growth modeling with mixed responses is a flexible statistical modeling tool that can have substantial benefits for applied researchers. As such, the use of this modeling approach is expected to increase.
PHOTOBIO: Modeling the Stomatal and Biochemical Control of Plant Gas Exchange

Simulation models are increasingly being used to describe physiological processes in the plant sciences. These models, while useful for research purposes, also offer tremendous potential for demonstrating a wide array of scientific concepts to students. We have developed an educational software package that illustrates the stomatal and biochemical control of transpiration and photosynthesis. The simulation program uses a biochemical model of C assimilation that, when coupled to an empirical submodel describing stomatal conductance, can be solved iteratively for leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration. Graphic and tabular presentations, combined with on-screen requests for student input, serve to effectively convey the basic fundamentals of plant gas-exchange, and the diurnal patterns of photosynthesis and transpiration in response to fluctuating environmental conditions. More advanced topics focus on the biochemical limitations imposed on photosynthesis by Rubisco activity, electron transport capacity, and the regeneration of inorganic P. Also included is an exercise that challenges students to use the lessons learned to optimize C assimilation, while minimizing water losses, over a 3-d simulation period. Application of the program can assist instructors in illustrating important concepts regarding stomatal and biochemical control of plant gas-exchange.
Botulinum Toxin A: Evolving Treatment Strategies for the Chronic Pelvic Pain Patient

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is defined as pain perceived within the structures of the male or female pelvis of at least 6-month duration. The management of CPPS in both men and women poses a challenge to both the clinician and the patient. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is known to block the release of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction but also appears to have anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. BoNT-A has been used for over two decades to treat conditions associated with pathological muscle hyperactivity. There is emerging evidence that BoNT-A may play a role in treating CPPS when alternate treatments and more conservative measures have been ineffective. Moving forward, well-designed clinical trials are needed to further investigate the utility of BoNT-A use in the treatment of CPPS.
Feeling left out, but affirmed: Protecting against the negative effects of low belonging in college

Abstract Evaluative domains such as work and school present daily threats to self-integrity that can undermine performance. Self-affirmation theory asserts that, when threatened, people can perform small but meaningful acts to reaffirm their sense of competency. For instance, brief self-affirmation writing interventions have been shown in numerous studies to boost the academic achievement of those contending with negative stereotypes in school because of their race, gender, or generational status. The current paper tested the protective effects of self-affirmation for students who have the subjective sense that they do not belong in college. Such a feeling is not as visible as race or gender but, as a pervasive part of the students' inner world, might still be as debilitating to the students' academic performance. Among a predominantly White sample of college undergraduates, students who felt a low sense of belonging declined in grade point average (GPA) over three semesters. In contrast, students who reported low belonging, but affirmed their core values in a lab-administered self-affirmation writing activity, gained in GPA over time, with the effect of affirmation sufficiently strong to yield a main effect among the sample as a whole. The affirmation intervention mitigated—and even reversed—the decline in GPA among students with a low sense of belonging in college, providing support for self-affirmation theory's contention that affirmations of personal integrity can lessen psychological threat regardless of its source.
An Application of Series Representations to Zero - One Laws for Infinitely Divisible Random Vectors

In this paper we give an application of series representations of infinitely divisible random vectors to the zero-one laws for measurable subgroups. In Proposition 2 of Section 1 we provide a series representation of Poissonian-type random vectors suitable for this purpose. Then the zero-one dichotomy is a consequence of the observation that either all terms of the series representing an infinitely divisible measure μ are members of a subgroup G or infinitely many of them lie outside of G. In the first case the zero-one law follows from Hewitt-Savage zero-one law and in the second case the whole sum lies outside of G, so μ(G) = 0. The latter assertion is justified by a generalization of a theorem of P. Levy which we prove in Section 2. This provides a transparent probabilistic argument for the zero-one law due to A. Jannsen [2] (Section 3 of this paper). Jannsen’s result, which gives a complete answer to the zero-one dichotomy problem for infinitely divisible measures, relies on special topological and algebraic techniques which are not needed here, due to series representations originated by Ferguson - Klass [1] and LePage [4], and developed by the author [7].
Wood Anatomy of Buxaceae: Correlations with Ecology and Phylogeny

Summary The family Buxaceae consists of four genera, with the desert shrub Simmondsia dubiously included in the family as a fifth genus. Styloceras (Andean rain forest) has the most mesomorphic and primitive wood features, followed by Sarcococca and then by Buxus, which can be grouped closely with Notobuxus in terms of wood anatomy. Pachysandra was excluded from this study because of its essentially herbaceous habit. For a small family, Buxaceae have a wide span in expression of wood features. Characters in Buxaceae s.s. which show a range within the family probably explainable in terms of ecology include vessel element length, number of vessels per mm2, vessel diameter, number of bars per perforation plate, presence or absence of helical thickenings in vessels and tracheids, and presence or absence of growth rings. The woods in the family can be ranked as highly mesic (Styloceras, Sarcococca) to moderately mesic (Buxus, Notobuxus), with a few species in the latter pair of genera notably more mesomorphic in wood construction. Retention of scalariform perforation plates throughout Buxaceae s.s. may be due to compensatory low transpiration capabilities of the foliage, which may have very thick cuticles and tend toward microphylly. Features which are susceptible to evolutionary interpreation but which do not bear as direct a relationship to ecology include ratio of tracheid length to vessel element length, presence of tracheids with fully bordered pits, degree of aggregation of axial parenchyma cells (diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates, abaxial) and degree of cellular heterogeneity in ray histology. The ray types of Sarcococca reflects a type of juvenilism, and scarcity of axial parenchyma in the genus also seems related to innovation of numerous shoots, each with limited duration. Simmondsia differs from Buxaceae s.s. in its desert habitat, its successive cambia, and its anemophily. Distinctive features of wood anatomy (lack of acial parenchyma, juvenilism in ray histology, and presence of very short vessel elements with helical thickenings) can be attributed to the first two factors. No features of wood anatomy clearly rule out relationship to Buxaceae. Presence of tracheids in wood of Simmondsia may be related to the high selective value for tracheids in a desert environment; this feature (and the encyclocytic stomata) suggest affinity to Buxaceae, even if the genus is segregated in Simmondsiaceae. Buxaceae have been claimed to be related to four major groups of dicotyledons: Celastrales, Euphorbiales, Hamamelidales, and Pittosporales. Of these, Euphorbiales shows the least degree of resemblance to Buxaceae in terms of wood anatomy. The placement of the isolated Madagascan genus Didymeles may be related to the problem of placement of Buxaceae, and is discussed in this context.
Enhancing Glycemic Control via Detection of Insulin Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Background:Currently, glycemic management for individuals with diabetes mellitus involves monitoring glucose only, which is insufficient as glucose metabolism involves other biomarkers such as insu...
Abstract 436: Association Between Coffee Consumption and Hypertension in Asians

Background: A link between coffee consumption and hypertension had been investigated over many years. Studies had shown that coffee-drinking is associated with small immediate increase in blood pressure, however long-term association between coffee consumption and hypertension is not clear. Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we evaluated the association of coffee consumption and hypertension in Korean population on a population-based level. Methods: Caffeinated coffee is one of the popular beverages in South Korea whereas decaffeinated coffee consumption is limited. We used the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES 2007-2009), a nationally representative sample of Korean adults. All adult population (>=18 y.o.) was divided into those who drink coffee 2-3 times per month or less (light consumption) and those who drink coffee at least once a week (regular consumption). Hypertension was identified by subject self-report. Hierarchical survey weights were employed to generate population-based prevalence. Odds ratio of having hypertension was calculated from a logistic regression model. Results: The final dataset included 14,853 participants from whom 79.6% drank coffee at least once a week. The following groups had higher coffee consumption: males (82.0%), age 46-65 years (81.6%), more than 12 years of education (82.2%), current smokers (87.7%), heavy drinkers (84.5%), and those with BMI ≥ 25 (84.2%). Hypertension prevalence in the regular coffee consumption group (15.3%) was significantly (p Conclusions: More frequent coffee drinkers have lower hypertension prevalence in Korea. This association remained significant after adjusting for socio-demographic and health behavior factors.
Metallic nanocomposites as next-generation thermal interface materials

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are an integral and important part of thermal management in electronic devices. The electronic devices are becoming more compact and powerful. This increase in power processed or passing through the devices leads to higher heat fluxes and makes it a challenge to maintain temperatures at the optimal level during operation. Herein, we report a free standing nanocomposite TIM in which boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) are uniformly dispersed in copper matrices via an organic linker, thiosemicarbazide. Integration of these metal-organic-inorganic nanocomposites was made possible by a novel electrodeposition technique where the functionalized BNNS (f-BNNS) experience the Brownian motion and reach the cathode through diffusion, while the nucleation and growth of the copper on the cathode occurs via the electrochemical reduction. Once the f-BNNS bearing carbonothioyl/thiol groups on the terminal edges come into the contact with copper crystals, the chemisorption reaction takes place. We performed thermal, mechanical, and structural characterization of these nanocomposites using scanning electron microcopy (SEM), diffusive laser flash (DLF) analysis, phase-sensitive transient thermoreflectence (PSTTR), and nanoindentation. The nanocomposites exhibited a thermal conductivity ranging from 211 W/mK to 277 W/mK at a filler mass loading of 0–12 wt.%. The nanocomposites also have about 4 times lower hardness as compared to copper, with values ranging from 0.27 GPa to 0.41 GPa. The structural characterization studies showed that most of the BNNS are localized at grain boundaries — which enable efficient thermal transport while making the material soft. PSTTR measurements revealed that the synergistic combinations of these properties yielded contact resistances on the order of 0.10 to 0.13 mm2K/W, and the total thermal resistance of 0.38 to 0.56 mm2K/W at bondline thicknesses of 30–50 pm. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposite is 11 ppm/K, which lies between the CTEs of aluminum (22 ppm/K) and silicon (3 ppm/K), which are common heat sink and heat source materials, respectively. The nanocomposite can also be deposited directly on to heat sink which will simplify the packaging processes by removing one possible element to assemble. These unique properties and ease of assembly makes the nanocomposite a promising next-generation TIM.
Why allometric variation in mammalian metabolism is curvilinear on the logarithmic scale.

Studies performed over the last 20 years have repeatedly documented a slight convex curvature (relative to the x-axis) in double-logarithmic plots of basal metabolic rate (BMR) versus body mass in mammals. This curvilinear pattern has usually been interpreted in the context of a simple, two-parameter power function on the arithmetic scale, y = a × xb , with the exponent in the equation supposedly increasing systematically with body size. An equation of this form has caused concern among ecologists because a variable exponent is inconsistent with an assumption underlying the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE). However, the appearance of an exponent that varies with body size is an artifact resulting from the widespread use of logarithmic transformations in allometric analyses. Curvature in the distribution on the logarithmic scale actually is caused by a requirement for an explicit, non-zero intercept-and not a variable exponent-in the model describing the distribution on the arithmetic scale. Thus, the MTE need not be revised to accommodate an exponent that varies with body size in the scaling of mammalian BMR, but the theory may need to be tweaked to accommodate an intercept in the allometric equation. In general, any bivariate dataset that is well described by a three-parameter power equation on the arithmetic scale will follow a curvilinear path when displayed on the logarithmic scale. Consequently, reports of curvilinearity in log domain (i.e., "complex allometry") need to be revisited because conclusions from those investigations are likely to be flawed.
Optimal Demand Response Scheduling for Water Distribution Systems

As energy intensive infrastructures, water distribution systems (WDSs) are promising candidates for providing demand response (DR) and frequency regulation services in power systems operation. However, models that tap the full flexibility of WDSs to provide the services while respecting the operational constraints of water networks are remained scarce. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for optimizing the participation of water distribution system operators (W-DSOs) in DR and frequency regulation markets, which captures the joint flexibility of variable frequency pumps and water tanks and takes into account the underlying hydraulic operating constraints of WDSs. The proposed framework consists of two optimization models, where the first-step model optimizes the operation of water pumps and tanks for minimizing the W-DSO's water procurement cost, and the second-step model optimizes the DR and frequency regulation up and down offers by modifying the operation of water pumps and tanks, such that the W-DSO's profit of providing the services is maximized. The proposed model ensures the availability of services by taking into account the interdependence and compatibility of the DR load reduction and load recovery and the frequency regulation up and down services. In addition, the proposed models incorporate a detailed formulation of water distribution networks and the associated hydraulic constraints, ensuring deliverability of the services to power systems. The nonlinear terms appearing in the WDS constraints are linearized to convert the proposed models to instances of mixed-integer linear programming problems. The proposed model is implemented on a 15-node WDS, using the energy and ancillary service prices of the California ISO. The results reflect significant profit opportunities for the W-DSO by providing DR and frequency regulation services in the markets.
Decreasing triage time: effects of implementing a step-wise ESI algorithm in an EHR.

Objectives To determine if adapting a widely-used triage scale into a computerized algorithm in an electronic health record (EHR) shortens emergency department (ED) triage time. Design Before-and-after quasi-experimental study. Setting Urban, tertiary care hospital ED. Participants Consecutive adult patient visits between July 2011 and June 2013. Intervention A step-wise algorithm, based on the Emergency Severity Index (ESI-5) was programmed into the triage module of a commercial EHR. Main Outcome Measures Duration of triage (triage interval) for all patients and change in percentage of high acuity patients (ESI 1 and 2) completing triage within 15 min, 12 months before-and-after implementation of the algorithm. Multivariable analysis adjusted for confounders; interrupted time series demonstrated effects over time. Secondary outcomes examined quality metrics and patient flow. Results About 32 546 patient visits before and 33 032 after the intervention were included. Post-intervention patients were slightly older, census was higher and admission rate slightly increased. Median triage interval was 5.92 min (interquartile ranges, IQR 4.2-8.73) before and 2.8 min (IQR 1.88-4.23) after the intervention (P < 0.001). Adjusted mean triage interval decreased 3.4 min (95% CI: -3.6, -3.2). The proportion of high acuity patients completing triage within 15 min increased from 63.9% (95% CI 62.5, 65.2%) to 75.0% (95% CI 73.8, 76.1). Monthly time series demonstrated immediate and sustained improvement following the intervention. Return visits within 72 h and door-to-balloon time were unchanged. Total length of stay was similar. Conclusion The computerized triage scale improved speed of triage, allowing more high acuity patients to be seen within recommended timeframes, without notable impact on quality.
Rotational Level Structure of SF 6 -Doped 4 He N Clusters

We present diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of low-lying rotational states of ${}^{4}{\mathrm{He}}_{N}{\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ which confirm recent experiments suggesting that dopant molecules trapped inside ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ clusters behave as free rotors. Analysis of the rotational wave functions leads to a clear physical explanation for this effect based on angular momentum coupling arguments; a fraction of the helium density is found to follow the rotation of the ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ molecule adiabatically. This leads to a free-rotor spectrum and to a reduction in the effective rotational constant that is in excellent quantitative agreement with experiment.
Quality and Productivity: Contradictory and Complementary

Is superiority in quality compatible with superiority in productivity, or do the two conflict? One stream of research argues that they are compatible, another argues that there are inherent trade-offs, while still another finds little or no relationship..
Palmitoylation alters protein activity: blockade of G(o) stimulation by GAP-43

The addition of palmitate to cysteine residues enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins, and consequently their membrane association. Here we have investigated whether this type of fatty acylation also regulates protein-protein interactions. GAP-43 is a neuronal protein that increases guanine nucleotide exchange by heterotrimeric G proteins. Two cysteine residues near the N-terminus of GAP-43 are subject to palmitoylation, and are necessary for membrane binding as well as for G(o) activation. N-terminal peptides, which include these cysteines, stimulate G(o). Monopalmitoylation reduces, and dipalmitoylation abolishes the activity of the peptides. The activity of GAP-43 protein purified from brain also is reversibly blocked by palmitoylation. This suggests that palmitoylation controls a cycle of GAP-43 between an acylated, membrane-bound reservoir of inactive GAP-43, and a depalmitoylated, active pool of protein.
New Molecular Markers with Diagnostic and Prognostic Values in Bladder Cancer

Immunohistochemical markers may be of value in the workup of urothelial lesions in some situations: (1) distinguishing reactive atypia from urothelial carcinoma in situ, (2) differentiating urothelial carcinoma from other carcinomas secondarily involving the urinary bladder, (3) confirming urothelial differentiation at a metastatic site, (4) determining the nature of spindle cell lesions of the bladder, (5) staging of bladder cancer, and (6) assessing the presence of lymphovascular invasion.The prognostic or predictive role of immunohistochemical or molecular markers in urothelial carcinoma remains limited, although promising. A number of urine-based assays may be utilized in the diagnostic workup of bladder cancer.
Advances in Integrative Health

A yogic six sigma perspective on integrative health is presented. This perspective identifies vibrational characteristics (photonic energy) as the fundamental attribute of health and wellness. Disturbances in our vibrational characteristics are suggested to be root causes of illnesses. Recent scientific progress makes it possible to measure our photonic energy giving a feedback signal for improvement. Meditation is proposed as a means to restoring photonic energy levels toward normalcy. The opportunity for integrative health is to use yogic practices to restore our photonic energy levels toward normalcy for better health and wellness in conjunction with standard medical care. Scientific yoga is “Science of Internal Excellence” [1a]. Because the outcome of the yogic process is now measurable in real-time, progress toward normalcy can be audited. Minimum variance is a theoretical standard, meaning that better performance beyond minimum variance is not possible. The wherewithal of how to achieve minimum variance in external activities is “Science of External Excellence” [1b]. Six sigma, a topnotch quality initiative, is appropriate for the pursuit of minimum variance in all repetitive processes and transactions including hospitals and patient related services. Interestingly, the two components of excellence are interlinked. In the absence of an adequate level of internal excellence, the best of the external excellence initiatives, including six sigma, do not, and cannot, deliver satisfactory performance [2]. Raise internal excellence and the performance will zoom. The linkage of external excellence to internal excellence is an additional impetus for introducing both components of excellence in medical curricula. The paper concludes with a proposal on a new four-credit course to teach medical students the science and practices of external and internal excellence.
A Public University’s Balancing Act: Institutional Possibilities, Pedagogical Advancement, Individual Benefit, and State Economic Development

As a land grant, flagship American public institution, the University of Wyoming’s (UW) transformation to connect the University’s values with Wyoming’s twentyfirst century needs while fostering a harmonious balance in the state takes place in a unique context. UW, the sole university serving the country’s ninth largest state, holds distinction as the nation’s least populous state with fewer than 600,000 residents dispersed across its 97,914 square miles. UW is charged with meeting the needs of this broadly dispersed population living in small cities and vast rural regions, including Wind River, the nation’s seventh largest Native American reservation, the home of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho nations. UW initiatives to support this transformation include: science education and research; engineering education, research and economic development; and professional educator preparation. These initiatives coincide with the creation of UW’s Native American Education Research and Cultural Center, formalized articulation agreements between UW and the state’s seven community colleges, and the development of UW’s comprehensive strategic enrollment plan. This chapter explores: (1) US flagship, land grant institutions and UW’s unique role as the state’s sole university; (2) the renewal of UW’s connections throughout the state in service to its people; and (3) UW enterprises created to reinvigorate the embodiment of its institutional virtues. In exploring these themes, this chapter reveals the hopeful ways that reinvigorating institutional virtues while connecting to current, relevant service can provide a joyful, positive and meaningful role for higher education in the current era.
Pig Data and Bayesian Inference on Multinomial Probabilities

Bayesian inference on multinomial probabilities is conducted based on data collected from the game Pass the Pigs®. Prior information on these probabilities is readily available from the instruction...
MRI Detection of Cerebral Infarction in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (S12.003)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of cerebral infarction (CI) in patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). BACKGROUND: CI is a well-known complication of SAH that is typically detected on CT. MRI has improved sensitivity for acute CI over CT (particularly with small asymptomatic lesions). DESIGN/METHODS: With IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive SAH patients admitted to our institution between August 2006 to March 2011. Traumatic SAH were excluded. Data was collected on demographics, cause of SAH, Fisher Grade, and neuroimaging results. MRIs were reviewed by study authors to categorize pattern of CI as Single Cortical (SC), Single Deep (SD), Multiple Cortical (MC), Multiple Deep (MD), and Multiple Cortical and Deep (MCD). RESULTS: Among 400 SAH patients, the mean age was 56.9 years (range 21 to 96). Fisher Grade was 2 in 17.5%, 3 in 75%, and 4 in 7.5%. The most common causes of SAH was aneurysmal in 292 (73%) and angiogram negative in 65 (16%). When using CT modality only, CI was detected in 101 patients (25%). When MRI was included, this increased detection of CI to 141 patients (35%). Among the cohort, 123 (30.8%) had MRIs during their hospitalization and approximately half of these MRIs (64) demonstrated acute CI. Most of the MRI visible lesions (61%) were not detectable on CT. The mean time from admission to MRI was 5.7 days (range 0 to 29 days). Among the 64 patients with MRI infarcts, the CI pattern included MC in 20 (31%), MCD in 18 (28%), SC in 16 (25%), SD in 5 (8%), and 5 (8%) had unavailable images. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MRI can increase the detection of CI after SAH. MRI-detected CI after SAH tends to involve multiple vascular territories. Studies that rely on CT may underestimate the burden of CI after SAH. Disclosure: Dr. Korbakis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prabhakaran has nothing to disclose. Dr. John has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garg has received research support from the AHA. Dr. Conners has nothing to disclose. Dr. Temes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bleck has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose.
Review of High Throughput Satellites: Market Disruptions, Affordability-Throughput Map, and the Cost Per Bit/Second Decision Tree

In this paper, we provided an overview of throughput Satellites, integrating both market and technical considerations, and we examine important metrics and tradeoffs for these satellites, including their cost per bit/second decision tree and their positioning in the affordability-performance map. Ground segments and gateways, important considerations for HTS, were not within the scope of this paper (see for example Jeannin et al. [30] for an analysis of these issues).
Social and behavioral science at the forefront of genomics: Discovery, translation, and health equity.

Abstract This special issue highlights the unique role that social and behavioral science has to play at the forefront of genomics. Through the introduction of papers comprising this special issue, we outline priority research areas at the nexus of genomics and the social and behavioral sciences. These include: Discovery science; clinical and community translation, and equity, including engagement and inclusion of diverse populations in genomic science. We advocate for genomic discovery that considers social context, neural, cognitive, and behavioral endophenotypes, and that is grounded in social and behavioral science research and theory. Further, the social and behavioral sciences should play a leadership role in identifying best practices for effective clinical and community translation of genomic discoveries. Finally, inclusive research that engages diverse populations is necessary for genomic discovery and translation to benefit all. We also highlight ways that genomics can be a fruitful testbed for the development and refinement of social and behavioral science theory. Indeed, an expanded ecological lens that runs from genomes to society will be required to fully understand human behavior.