cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of tryptophan oxidation in peroxynitrite-dependent protein chemiluminescence.

Bovine serum albumin oxidation by peroxynitrite is accompanied by chemiluminescence (Wattset al., Arch. Biochem. Biophys.317, 324–330, 1995). Peak chemiluminescence during the reaction between bovine serum albumin (with or without fatty acids) and peroxynitrite was not modified in the presence of D2O, suggesting that light emission arising from lipid or protein oxidation was not the result of singlet oxygen formation. Light emission from fatty acid-free albumin increased in the presence of diphenylanthracene (DPA), suggesting that it is a consequence of the fluorescent decay of excited species. Exposure of individual amino acids to peroxynitrite in 50 mM potassium phosphate at pH 8.0 showed that tryptophan is the one that emits most light during oxidation, followed by phenylalanine. Tryptophan chemiluminescence correlated with oxygen consumption. The spin trapN-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) inhibited both oxygen consumption and chemiluminescence during tryptophan oxidation, suggesting that the reactions leading to light emission start with the abstraction of a H atom, forming a C-centered radical which in turn adds oxygen. When the oxidation of tryptophan by peroxynitrite was carried out in Tris-HCl instead of potassium phosphate, there was a second oxidative reaction between the peroxide and Tris. Chemiluminescence and oxygen consumption during the oxidation of tryptophan by peroxynitrite was 50% lower in the presence of Tris and in this case PBN did not inhibit chemiluminescence, suggesting that the new radicals formed during the reaction of Tris with peroxynitrite reacted with the amino acyl radicals inhibiting the formation of excited intermediates. Exposure of Tris but not phosphate to peroxynitrite (in the absence of amino acids) also resulted in light emission. In summary, these results suggest that tryptophan is one of the amino acids responsible for light emission during protein oxidation. In addition, this study confirms that Tris buffer is a target for strong oxidants and shows that its oxidation also is accompanied by light emission.
Imaging of oscillatory cortical activity using combined MEG and fMRI

Abstract. We introduce a method of combing MEG and fMRI to generate estimates of synchronized oscillations on the cortex. This method suppresses locations without concordant fMRI activity to avoid over estimation of phase-locking values. Simulations suggest 80% fMRI provides optimal detection power. We demonstrate this method in human somatomotor data to characterize beta-band oscillations.
CORRECTION FOR RHIEL'S THEORY FOR THE RANGE ESTIMATOR OF THE COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION FOR SKEWED DISTRIBUTIONS

Summary.—In 2007, Rhiel presented a technique to estimate the coefficient of variation from the range when sampling from skewed distributions. To provide an unbiased estimate, a correction factor (an) for the mean was included. Numerical correction factors for a number of skewed distributions were provided. In a follow-up paper, he provided a proof he claimed showed the correction factor was independent of the mean and standard deviation, making the factors useful as these parameters vary; however, that proof did not establish independence. Herein is a proof which establishes the independence.
Computer sizing of composite laminates for strength

This report presents a procedure to design laminated composite panels subjected to bending loads and in plane loads. The procedure takes advantage of the directionality of the mechanical properties of the composite material using the laminated plates theory.
A comparative study of the inhibiting effects of anionic polyelectrolytes on deoxyribonucleases.

Abstract Anionic polyelectrolytes inhibited beef spleen DNase II but not DNase I when the activities of these enzymes were determined at their respective pH optima. Blocking carboxyl groups on these acidic polymers diminished the inhibitory activity toward DNase II. When all free carboxyl groups were blocked in amide linkage, no inhibitory activity remained. Inhibition of DNase II activity was dependent upon the concentration of salt in the incubation mixture. Higher salt concentration decreased the inhibitory effects seen at low salt concentrations.
Aging and Spatial Navigation: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?

Spatial navigation is a complex cognitive skill that is necessary for everyday functioning in the environment. However, navigational skills are not typically measured in most test batteries assessing cognitive aging. The present paper reviews what we know about behavioral differences between older and younger adults in navigational skill and reviews the putative neural mechanisms that may underlie these behavioral differences. Empirical studies to date clearly identify navigation as an aspect of cognitive function that is vulnerable to the aging process. The few functional and structural neuroimaging studies that speak to neurological correlates of these age-related differences point to the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus (retrosplenial cortex), parietal lobes and pre-frontal cortex as structures critically involved in age effects on navigation. Outstanding issues in the field are addressed and productive avenues of future research are suggested. Among these outstanding issues include the necessity of performing longitudinal studies and differentiating between hippocampal and extra-hippocampal contributions to aging in navigation. The field may also be advanced by empirical assessment of navigational strategies and investigations into the multisensory nature of navigation including assessing the relative contributions of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive function to age differences in navigational skill.
The primate foveal local electroretinogram: An indicator of photoreceptor activity

Abstract The primate foveal local electroretinogram (LERG) is investigated with the aim of assessing its ability to accurately portray receptor functioning as otherwise indicated by the late receptor potential (LRP). Correlations between the foveal LERG and LRP are studied with regard to (1) response shape, (2) recording depth, (3) light adaptation, (4) spectral sensitivity, and (5) incremental stimuli. The two responses are found to be well correlated and it is concluded that the foveal LERG may be used as a stable and reliable indicator of receptor function.
Correlation between protein kinase-mediated stimulation of calcium transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and phosphorylation of a 22 000 dalton protein

Abstract Increases in protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of a 22 000 dalton protein correlated closely with increases in phosphate-facilitated calcium transport measured concurrently in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum under similar conditions in the presence of varying concentrations of bovine cardiac protein kinase. A correlation coefficient of 0.93 and a P value of were obtained. Protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the 22 000 dalton microsomal protein may mediate the abbreviation of systole seen in the mammalian heart in response to inotropic agents like catecholamines.
A photochemical rearrangement of β,γ-unsaturated cyclic ketones

Abstract Irradiation of the β,γ-unsaturated cyclic ketones I and IV results in an unusual rearrangement yielding the conjugated cyclopropyl ketones IIa and Va. The structures of the photoproducts were deduced from their spectroscopic properties and proved by converting the photoproducts to compounds of known structure. The photoproduct Va has been converted to a 10α methyl A-nor steroid. A possible mechanism for the reaction is discussed.
Release from informational masking in children: Effect of multiple signal bursts

This study examined the degree to which increasing the number of signal presentations provides children with a release from informational masking. Listeners were younger children (5–7 years), older children (8–10 years), and adults. Detection thresholds were measured for a sequence of repeating 50-ms bursts of a 1000-Hz pure-tone signal embedded in a sequence of 10- and 50-ms bursts of a random-frequency, two-tone masker. Masker bursts were played at an overall level of 60-dB sound pressure level in each interval of a two-interval, forced choice adaptive procedure. Performance was examined for conditions with two, four, five, and six signal bursts. Regardless of the number of signal bursts, thresholds for most children were higher than thresholds for most adults. Despite developmental effects in informational masking, however, masked threshold decreased with additional signal bursts by a similar amount for younger children, older children, and adults. The magnitude of masking release for both groups of children and for adults was inconsistent with absolute energy detection. Instead, increasing the number of signal bursts appears to aid children in the perceptual segregation of the fixed-frequency signal from the random-frequency masker as has been previously reported for adults [Kidd, G., et al. (2003). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2835–2845].
Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol Myristoylation in African Trypanosomes NEW INTERMEDIATES IN THE PATHWAY FOR FATTY ACID REMODELING

Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors in the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei are unusual in that their two fatty acids are myristate. The myristates are added in the final stages of GPI biosynthesis in a remodeling reaction. Remodeling occurs first at the sn-2 position of glycerol, involving removal of a longer fatty acid and subsequent attachment of myristate. The second myristate is then incorporated into thesn-1 position, but the mechanism has been unclear due to the unavailability of a reliable cell-free system supporting complete remodeling. Here, we first refined the cell-free system (by removing Mn2+ ions), thereby allowing efficient production of the dimyristoylated GPI precursor. Using this improved system, we made three new discoveries concerning the pathway for fatty acid remodeling. First, we discovered a monomyristoylated GPI (known as glycolipid θ′) as an intermediate involved in remodeling at the sn-1 position. Second, we found an alternative pathway for production of glycolipid θ, the first lyso intermediate in remodeling. The alternative pathway involves an inositol-acylated GPI known as glycolipid lyso-C′. Finally, we found that there is significant breakdown of GPIs during remodeling in the cell-free system, and we speculate that this breakdown has a regulatory role in GPI biosynthesis.
Hispanic acculturation: a concept analysis.

Although acculturation has been widely used as a health research variable among Hispanics, several inconsistencies exist in the definitions of this concept. The work of Walker and Avant is used as ...
Startle reactivity and PTSD symptoms in a community sample of women

Exaggerated startle and PTSD symptoms have been investigated primarily in relation to acute or Type I stressors. The present study examined PTSD symptoms and startle eyeblink response in relation to chronic or Type II stressors. Type II stressors were operationally defined as high levels of childhood corporal punishment and high levels of current partner aggression. This study recruited a sample of 52 women from a metropolitan community and administered several questionnaires assessing experience of corporal punishment in childhood, current intimate partner aggression and level of PTSD symptoms. Following questionnaires, women were presented with eight auditory startle probes (white noise). Results showed that both childhood corporal punishment and intimate partner aggression were associated with women's PTSD symptom scores. However, only PTSD symptom scores were associated with reduced startle. Results are discussed in light of Type I and Type II stressors, and recent suggestions in the PTSD literature that a subgroup of individuals may experience physiological suppression rather than heightened physiological reactivity.
Three-dimensional numerical simulations of unsteady reactive square jets☆☆☆

Abstract Results of finite-difference, time-dependent numerical studies of the near field of subsonic, reactive square jets were presented. The simulations model space/time-developing compressible (subsonic) jets, using species- and temperature-dependent diffusive transport, and finite-rate chemistry appropriate for H2 combustion. Comparative measurements of entrainment for square jets were obtained based on evaluations of streamwise mass-flux to obtain an assessment on how the jet development is affected by chemical exothermicity and density differences between the jet and the surroundings. Depending on initial conditions (i.e., on the chemical exothermicity level implied by the initial reactant concentration), chemical energy release and expansion effects can be significant in determining reduced entrainment and initial jet growth relative to corresponding nonreactive jets. The instantaneous product formation rates are closely correlated with the local entrainment rates controlled by the vorticity bearing fluid. Instantaneous entrainment rates—based on the rate of increase of mass flux of rotational fluid—were found to be significant in the regions of roll-up and initial self-deformation of vortex rings, and then farther downstream, in the vortex merging region, where fluid and momentum transport between the jet and its surroundings are considerably enhanced by the presence of hairpin vortices aligned with the corners. Analysis of the combustion dynamics in terms of scalar mixing fraction diagnostics previously used in laboratory reactive turbulent jet experiments, was shown to be also potentially useful in characterizing their transitional regime by bringing out the relation between product formation rates and underlying fluid dynamical events.
Right Cerebral Dominance in Spatial Attention: Further Evidence Based on Ipsilateral Neglect

• Tasks based on visuomotor scanning and tactile exploration were used to quantitate neglect behavior in patients with unilateral brain damage and in normal control subjects. The results confirm previous observations that contralateral neglect is markedly more severe following right-hemisphere injury and that it is independent of the modality of sensory input or motor output. In addition, patients with right-hemisphere injury also showed multimodal neglect for targets in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the brain lesion. The emergence of both contralateral and ipsilateral neglect in these patients strongly supports a model of right-hemispheric dominance for the distribution of attention within the extrapersonal space.
Medical image perception issues for PACS deployment.

SEEING, RECOGNIZING, and interpreting— these are the 3 basic phases involved in reading medical images whether they are displayed hardcopy on film or softcopy on some type of electronic display. It sounds so simple; yet the potential for failure at any one of these 3 stages is actually quite high and, as is well known, errors are made. Lesions can be missed altogether, interpreted incorrectly (eg, benign instead of malignant), or lesions can be reported that do not actually exist (ie, false positives). How do we avoid such errors? One way is to improve the imaging system itself or develop new types of imaging and image analysis systems that will provide new and important information to the radiologist that were not available with traditional imaging methods. Improvements have been made (and continue to be made) and new technologies have been developed (eg, functional magnetic resonance imaging, helical and multidetector computed tomography, PACS), and although more and new types of information are available with digitally displayed images (eg, computer-aided detection and diagnosis [CAD and CADx] prompts), errors are still made. Thus, technology development for acquiring and presenting images is not the ultimate answer. Why? Because the radiologist still needs to sit in front of the images and see, recognize, and interpret the information that is there. A diagnostic decision has to be rendered, and the consequences of that decision will affect patient treatment and care. Therefore, it is imperative that we understand not only the images and the technologies used to acquire and display them, but we need to understand the interpreter of those images—the radiologist. This becomes even more important as radiology makes the transition from film to filmless displays because the reading environment has completely changed. This chapter will review some of the basic issues associated with medical image perception research, especially in the context of PACS.
Live-Cell Imaging of Midchannel Proteolysis of Neuronal Surface L-Type Calcium Channels

We recently identified midchannel proteolysis as a novel homeostatic mechanism of negative feedback regulation of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs): the main body of the pore-forming alpha1 subunit of L-type VGCCs, Cav1.2, is cleaved, resulting in Cav1.2 fragment-channels that separate but remain on the plasma membrane, and can be detected by confocal microscopy in fixed neurons [Michailidis et al, Neuron, 82 (2014), 1045-57]. The proteolysis is bidirectionally regulated by channel activity, depends on calpain and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and increases with age. To investigate the kinetics of midchannel proteolysis and the fate of the resulting fragment-channels, we performed live-cell confocal microscopy. In live cultured rat hippocampal neurons, we visualized surface Cav1.2 labeled with extracellular fluorescent probes placed in different internal repeat domains of the alpha1 subunit. The results reveal robust movements of surface Cav1.2 and its domains, suggesting midchannel proteolysis and continuous dynamic regulation of surface channels.
Race, Interests, and Beliefs About Affirmative Action : Unanswered Questions and New Directions

Studies of public opinion on affirmative action have focused heavily on the views of White Americans. Two contending schools of thought tend to concur that Whites generally oppose affirmative action, but sharply disagree over whether the hostility to affirmative action rests on cherished American values of individualism or on anti-Black racism. This article questions both perspectives and the assumptions about public opinion that they share. It is important to examine the views of Whites and of racial minority group members and to recognize that group interests play an important part in the politics affirmative action. The analysis focuses on beliefs about the effects of affirmative action. The results point to real but far from irreconcilable race-based differences in opinion, a clear dependence of Whites' views on perceived threats from Blacks, and no influence of individualism on Whites' beliefs about the effects of affirmative action. The research suggests ways of moving beyond the political stalemate...
Inhibition of glycine-serine interconversion in cultured human fibroblasts by products of isoleucine catabolism.

Extract: Preincubation of fibroblasts with isoleucine before freeze-thawing inhibited the interconversion of glycine and serine. Inhibition was not seen when isoleucine was added after the cells were broken, which suggests that isoleucine must be metabolized to form an inhibitor substance. Tiglic acid was shown to accumulate during this preincubation period and was demonstrated to inhibit interconversion. Methylene tetrahydrofolate production was also reduced by preincubation with isoleucine or incubation with tiglic acid but this decreased production could not be proven to be related to inhibition of serine-glycine interconversion. Speculation: The metabolic consequences of the three enzyme deficiencies associated with the “ketotic hyperglycinemia” syndrome are protean. The data presented in this paper suggest that some of the problems may be related to secondary inhibition of tetrahydrofolate metabolism. Folate therapy may be of some value in the clinical management of patients with this syndrome.
A new procedure for gastrostomy tube replacement verification : A case report

Abstract Burke DT, Hoberman CJ, Morse LR, Pina BD. A new procedure for gastrostomy tube replacement verification: a case report. A man in his late twenties with multiple injuries presented to a dedicated brain injury unit. A percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube was inserted for enteral feedings and medication delivery. During his inpatient course, the patient's PEG tube was inadvertently removed. House officers quickly replaced the tube by using 300mL of room air as a contrast medium along with plain film radiography to verify correct placement. To our knowledge, this method has not previously been presented in the literature. The procedure significantly decreases the cost and eliminates the risks associated with endoscopic replacement or radiographic verification by using more common contrast media.
Empowering Schools to Serve as Safety Nets for Children with Behavior Problems in Serbia.

Abstract Children with special needs have been a focus of institutional reforms in Serbia for nearly two decades. Historically, as in other Eastern European countries, children with severe developmental, emotional, and/or behavior disorders in Serbia were often placed in institutions far from their families for much of their lives. Since the fall of communism, extensive government reforms in Serbia, guided by Western development agencies, have focused on deinstitutionalizing youth, but only with modest results. Underdeveloped special education programs within the Serbian public school system, have also contributed to children with special needs being at increased risk for leaving school and having legal problems. However, newly passed legislation is empowering Serbian schools and communities to serve as safety nets for vulnerable youth.
A novel approach to studying the transformation of human stem cells into cardiac cells in vivo

Stem cell transplantation has been proposed as a novel means of regenerating new myocardium following cardiac damage. Many laboratories have demonstrated that stem cells from different sources have the potential to transform into cardiomyocytes. Human peripheral blood CD34+ cells were transplanted into the hearts of mice with severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, and it was demonstrated that human stem cells could transform into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Using single cell preparation, cell sorting and fluorescent in situ hybridization, human peripheral blood CD34+ cells were transformed into cardiomyocytes mainly through cell fusion, whereas endothelial cells were derived through direct differentiation of the transplanted stem cells. This analytical method should provide a novel approach to identifying the mechanisms of stem cell transformation into cardiomyocytes in vivo.
Conceptualizing Outcomes with Street-living Young Adults Grounded Theory Approach to Evaluating the Social Enterprise Intervention

This qualitative evaluation of the Social Enterprise Intervention (SEI), a vocational training program for homeless young adults, used summative focus-group data to understand clients' perceptions of outcomes as a result of SEI participation. Data from formative focus-group discussions were also used to assess the intervention process and make necessary changes during the program. Over four months, two process- and one outcomes-oriented focus-group discussions were conducted with street-living young adults in the SEI Program. Open-ended questions were used to explore perceptions of project implementation and client outcomes. Emergent outcomes-related themes include family respect, self-esteem, goal-orientation, labor and social networks, delinquent behavior and societal perceptions of homeless youth. Grounded theory is used to interpret findings and develop working hypotheses to guide future studies of vocational interventions for street-living youth.
Retinal input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus before and after puberty in Djungarian hamsters

Retinal projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) mediate the effect of photoperiod to entrain circadian rhythms and to control reproductive maturation in the Djungarian hamster. To determine whether the retinal innervation of the SCN had fully developed by the onset of puberty in this hamster species, prepubertal and postpubertal hamsters received an intraocular unilateral injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and after 24 h, the anterograde transport of HRP to the SCN was studied. In prepubertal hamsters, the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) was found to project to the medial and caudal SCN, principally the ventrolateral regions and, to an extent, the dorsomedial portion of the nucleus. RHT innervation was asymmetric; the SCN contralateral to the monocular injection received the dominant projection. A similar pattern of retinal projections was found postpubertally; however, the ipsilateral SCN was less extensively labelled with HRP and smaller as determined by Nissl counterstain compared to that in prepubertal hamsters. These findings indicate that modifications in the retinal innervation of the SCN occur as late as puberty, and may be part of a developmental change in the mechanism which processes photoperiodic information during sexual maturation.
Importance of long-time simulations for rare event sampling in zinc finger proteins.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods have seen significant improvement since their inception in the late 1950s. Constraints of simulation size and duration that once impeded the field have le...
Airborne Fiber Levels During Asbestos Operations and Maintenance Work in a Large Office Building

Abstract While there is growing interest in the management of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) in buildings using operations and maintenance (O&M) programs, very little data are yet available on the effectiveness of such programs in reducing airborne fiber exposures of workers and other building occupants. This article presents and analyzes air sampling data collected in conjunction with O&M work over a 5-year period in a large Washington, DC, office building. ACM present in the building included pipe insulation, air handling unit insulation, acoustical ceiling plaster, and air supply ductwork. The database included 916 phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and 163 transmission electron microscopy (TEM) area samples. Seventy-six samples were analyzed by both methods. Overall, TEM and PCM concentrations averaged 0.0109 structures/ml (s/ml) for fibers longer than 5 μm (0.0035 s/ml after excluding two outliers) and 0.0059 fibers/ml, respectively. We examined fiber concentrations in several work activity categor...
Growth-rate calculation of the flute instability of a pure ion channel in a magnetized plasma

Abstract A simple plasma model is used to analyze the flute instability of a pure ion channel in a magnetized plasma. In this model, ions are cold and immobile due to heavy mass, while electrons in the plasma have a low temperature so that they can move in the magnetic field. Because of the axially applied magnetic field and the radial electric field in an interface of the ion channel and plasma, an E × B drift occurs in azimuthal direction and this drift causes the flute instability of the ion channel in the interface. In this paper, an approximate growth rate of the instability is obtained and a specific example associated with a plasma lens is given.
A nonparametric-test-based structural similarity measure for digital images

Abstract In image processing, image similarity indices evaluate how much structural information is maintained by a processed image in relation to a reference image. Commonly used measures, such as the mean squared error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), ignore the spatial information (e.g. redundancy) contained in natural images, which can lead to an inconsistent similarity evaluation from the human visual perception. Recently, a structural similarity measure (SSIM), that quantifies image fidelity through estimation of local correlations scaled by local brightness and contrast comparisons, was introduced by Wang et al. (2004) . This correlation-based SSIM outperforms MSE in the similarity assessment of natural images. However, as correlation only measures linear dependence, distortions from multiple sources or nonlinear image processing such as nonlinear filtering can cause SSIM to under- or overestimate the true structural similarity. In this article, we propose a new similarity measure that replaces the correlation and contrast comparisons of SSIM by a term obtained from a nonparametric test that has superior power to capture general dependence, including linear and nonlinear dependence in the conditional mean regression function as a special case. The new similarity measure applied to images from noise contamination, filtering, and watermarking, provides a more consistent image structural fidelity measure than commonly used measures.
A Hyperventilating Biosphere

In the Northern Hemisphere, CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere oscillate regularly over the course of each year (see the figure). This “breathing” occurs because CO2 declines in the atmosphere during the growing season, when CO2 uptake via photosynthesis exceeds the release from microbial respiration, and increases during the rest of the year, when release exceeds uptake. On page 1085 of this issue, Graven et al. ( 1 ) present evidence that the breathing rate has accelerated greatly over the past 50 years.
Equilibrium in the oxidation of iodine by hyperazeotropic nitric acid

Abstract Kinetic studies have shown that the oxidation of iodine by hyperazeotropic nitric acid proceeds in at least two sequential steps. The kinetic and equilibrium data presented here suggest that these steps are oxidation of Io to I+ and oxidation of I+ to IO3−. The experimental results were analyzed according to the following reactions: I 2 + 4 HNO 3 ⇄2I + + 2 NO 3 − + N 2 O 4 +2H 2 O , I + + 3HNO 3 + NO 3 − ⇄IO 3 − + H + + 2N 2 O 4 + H 2 O . The equilibrium concentrations of the first reaction were fitted to: K′ 1 = C I 2 +C N 2 O 4 a 2 H 2 O a 2 NO 3 − C I 2 a 4 HNO 3 = 9·74×10 −16 , where the concentrations are expressed in moles per liter and the temperature is 25°C. Only two sets of equilibrium data were obtained for the second reaction at 25°C. These were fitted by: K′ 2 = C IO 3 − C 2 N 2 O 4 a H +a H 2 O C I +a 3 HNO 3 a NO 3 − = 2·82 ×10 −16 , where the concentrations are given in moles per liter.
Focus of attention and social anxiety: The role of negative self-thoughts and perceived positive attributes of the other.

Using a thought-listing protocol that directed subjects to separately list their thoughts for self and an interaction partner, this study tested the unique contribution of perceptions of the other person to social anxiety when interacting with a stranger. After viewing a picture of their partner in an upcoming interaction, undergraduate men completed two thought-listing protocols and then engaged in a 5-min conversation with an attractive female confederate. Multivariate hierarchical regression indicated that the percentage of negative self-thoughts was inversely related to self-efficacy ratings collected prior to and early during the conversation and positively related to subjective anxiety at the end of the interaction. After controlling for self-thoughts, perceptions about the partner's positive attributes contributed to prediction of behavioral signs of anxiety, but not self-efficacy or subjective anxiety. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that an attentional focus on positive attributes of the other person may increase one's social anxiety beyond that attributable to negative self-thoughts. Possible mechanisms that may account for this relationship are discussed.
Time-Resolved PLIF Imaging of OH Radicals in the Afterglow of Nanosecond Pulsed Discharge in Combustible Mixtures

A time-resolved planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging technique has been used to investigate the spatial distribution of OH radical dynamics in the afterglow of a pulsed nanosecond discharge. Experiments were carried out using a lean methane/air mixture, at temperatures of 300 K and 500 K and at atmospheric pressure. The nanosecond pulsed discharge was formed in a pin-to-pin electrode system. Time-resolved PLIF imaging indicated uniform OH radical dynamics along the discharge channel. Comparison of OH radical emission dynamics with discharge emission dynamics from excited nitrogen revealed a close similarity in spatial distribution and allowed to clarify the mechanisms of atomic oxygen formation.
Integrating distribution automation and control techniques into power system curriculum

This panel summary will discuss the integration of research on distribution automation and control techniques into power system curriculum. Specific examples of the classroom and laboratory module enhancements at Drexel University will be discussed. Lecture modules covering advanced techniques for improving distribution operating conditions will be presented. Classroom activities are coupled with hardware and software laboratory modules for students to test and validate techniques first-hand. In such a manner, research results have been channeled into educational materials and student assessment and evaluation of these materials have shown a high efficacy.
Early TCR Expression and Aberrant T Cell Development in Mice with Endogenous Prerearranged T Cell Receptor Genes

The factors that regulate the rate of production of T cells by the thymus remain incompletely defined. To test whether generation of functional T cell receptors limits the rate of thymic T cell export, we made use of a line of mice, LN3αβ, that have endogenously prerearranged TCR genes. The prerearranged TCR genes were expressed abnormally early in hemopoietic development, indicating that RAG-mediated recombination, rather than transcription factor expression, is the key determinant of the initiation of robust TCR transcription. Thymic T cell export rates were similar between wild-type (wt) and LN3αβ mice, indicating that T cell maturation rates in these mice are determined by factors other than TCR gene rearrangement. In competitive bone marrow chimeras, however, LN3αβ thymocytes were out-competed by wt cells and failed to develop beyond the double-negative 4 stage. Furthermore, wt progenitors transplanted intrathymically into LN3αβ mice proliferated excessively, suggesting that increased proliferative signals in the LN3αβ thymus compensate for faulty T cell development driven by early TCR expression.
Educational Services for Students with Behavior Disorders: A Review of Individualized Education Programs:

Individualized education programs (IEP) of 107 junior high students with behavioral disorders were reviewed. The review focused on the current types of behavior problems displayed by the students and the types and frequencies of the annual goals listed for each of the students. An average of 2.4 behavior problems were noted per student, while an average of approximately 4 goals were listed for each. There was a low correlation between the nature of the problems cited and the goals stated. The implications of these findings for an understanding of educational services for students with behavioral disorders and as a basis for change in current practices are discussed.
Adding a dimension to Anscombe's Quartet: open source, 3-D data visualization

At the same time that Information Scientists have been asked to visually analyze larger and larger datasets, the options for three-dimensional expression of those datasets has grown tremendously. This demonstration will share a new customization of open source software that links data and 3-D modeled space. Once the data is expressed in 3-D to the analyst's liking, methods will be detailed to take a 3-D representation of data to stereoscopic images, to interactive virtual space, and to a 3-D printed object. The theoretical underpinning of this presentation is based on a hypothetical expansion of Anscombe's Quartet from a two dimensional construct to a three dimensional one. Anscombe's Quartet was developed in 1973 by the statistician Francis Anscombe to demonstrate how datasets can be extremely statistically similar, but visually map in totally different ways. The development and research goal of this work is to develop an accessible 3-D data tool that allows for a high level of control by the user, and facilitate future studies on the effectiveness and best use practices associated with 3-D visualization.
Thalamo-cortical interactions modeled by weakly connected oscillators: could the brain use FM radio principles?

We consider all models of the thalamo-cortical system that satisfy the following two assumptions: (1) each cortical column is an autonomous oscillator; (2) connections between cortical columns and the thalamus are weak. Our goal is to deduce from these assumptions general principles of thalamo-cortical interactions that are independent of the equations describing the system. We find that the existence of synaptic connections between any two cortical columns does not guarantee that the columns interact: They interact only when there is a certain nearly resonant relation between their frequencies, which implies that the interactions are frequency modulated (FM). When the resonance relation holds, the cortical columns interact through phase modulations. Thus, communications between weakly connected cortical oscillators employ a principle similar to that in FM radio: The frequency of oscillation encodes the channel of communication, while the information is transmitted via phase modulations. If the thalamic input has an appropriate frequency, then it can dynamically link any two cortical columns, even those that have non-resonant frequencies and would otherwise be unlinked. Thus, by adjusting its temporal activity, the thalamus has control over information processing taking place in the cortex. Our results suggest that the mean firing rate (frequency) of periodically spiking neuron does not carry any information other than identifying a channel of communication. Information (i.e. neural code) is carried through modulations of interspike intervals.
Initial operation of the CW 8X H/sup -/ ion source discharge

A pulsed 8X source was built and the H/sup -/ beam current, emittance, and power efficiency were measured. These results were promising, so a cooled, dc version designed for operation at are power levels up to 30 kW was built. Testing of the CW 8X source discharge is underway. The design dc power loading on the cathode surface is 900 W/cm/sup 2/, considerably higher than achieved in any previous Penning surface-plasma source (SPS). Thus, the electrode surfaces are cooled with pressurized, hot water. We describe the source and present the initial operating experience and are test results. >
A lower bound on the multivariable stability margin via linear programming

Consideration is given to the problem of robustness analysis in linear, time-invariant feedback systems with parametric uncertainty. It is shown that the distance from the origin of the image of an n-dimensional hypercube by a complex multilinear function can be formulated as a linear problem of complexity linearly proportional to the number of variables and nonlinear terms in the multilinear function. This approach gives, under certain reasonable conditions, a polynomial time algorithm in n to compute the multivariable stability margin. >
Abstracting event-based control models for high autonomy systems

A high autonomy system needs many models on which to base control, management, design, and other interventions. These models differ in level of abstraction and in formalism. Concepts and tools are needed to organize the models into a coherent whole. The abstraction processes for systematic derivation of related models for use in event-based control are discussed here. The multifaceted modeling methodology is briefly reviewed. The morphism concepts needed for application to model abstraction are described. A theory for supporting the construction of discrete event system specification (DEVS) models needed for event-based control is presented. A morphism implemented on the basis of this theory is also described. >
Medication intensification in diabetes in rural primary care: a cluster-randomised effectiveness trial

Objective To determine the effectiveness of a provider-based intervention to improve medication intensification among patients with diabetes. Design Effectiveness cluster-randomised trial. Baseline and follow-up cross-sections of diabetes physicians’ patients. Setting Eleven U.S. Southeastern states, 2006–2008. Participants 205 Rural primary care physicians, 95 completed the study. Intervention Multicomponent interactive intervention including web-based continuing medical education (CME), performance feedback and quality improvement tools. Primary outcome measures Medication intensification, a dose increase of an existing medication or the addition of a new class of medication for glucose, blood pressure and lipids control on any of the three most recent office visits. Results Of 364 physicians attempting to register, 102 were randomised to the intervention and 103 to the control arms; 95 physicians (intervention, n=48; control, n=47) provided data on their 1182 of their patients at baseline (intervention, n=715; control, n=467) and 945 patients at follow-up (intervention, n=479; control, n=466). For A1c control, medication intensification increased in both groups (intervention, pre 26.4% vs post 32.6%, p=0.022; control, pre 24.8% vs post 31.1%, p=0.033) (intervention, adjusted OR (AOR) 1.37; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.76; control, AOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.89)); however, we observed no incremental benefit solely due to the intervention (group-by-time interaction, p=0.948). Among patients with the worst glucose control (A1c >9%), intensification increased in both groups (intervention, pre 34.8% vs post 62.5%, p=0.002; control, pre 35.7% vs post 61.4%, p=0.008). Conclusions A wide-reach, low-intensity, web-based interactive multicomponent intervention had no significant incremental effect on medication intensification for control of glucose, blood pressure or lipids for patients with diabetes of physicians practising in the rural Southeastern USA. Trial registration NCT00403091.
COMPARISON OF FLIGHT AGGREGATION IN TWO SPECIES OF SOUTHERN IPS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Comparisons were made of frequency distributions of Ips avulsus (Eichh.) and Ips grandicollis (Eichh.) caught in window traps while these species were attacking fresh pine slash. Relationships between mean and variance of trap data indicated that the flight of I. avulsus was more highly aggregated than the flight of I. grandicollis. Three different indices of aggregation were calculated which quantitatively expressed the degree of flight aggregation in each species. Degree of aggregation during attack may be an index of aggressiveness since it determines beetle density which influences attack success on a living host. The relatively high degree of flight aggregation of I. avulsus may partly explain why this species is more frequently a killer of live trees than is I. grandicollis.
Underlying Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders: What Are We Missing?

The purpose of the panel will be to discuss briefly the current knowledge of factors relating to musculoskeletal disorders in four main areas: biomechanics, psychosocial, individual characteristics, and pain sensation. The main discussion of the panel will have panelist challenge musculoskeletal disorder researchers to focus on new directions and think beyond current paradigms. Copyright 2012 by Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Customer Relationship Management and Integrated Marketing

Customer relationship marketing, or CRM, can be used strategically for cost leadership or competitive differentiation if utilized in conjunction with databased marketing. The goal is to create a brand that appeals to a large segment of consumers but at the same time to find subsegments for whom marketing contacts can be customized to reflect how these consumers want to interact with the brand. In this way CRM becomes a way of allowing consumers to connect to the brand in a personal way. Keywords: customer relationship marketing; database marketing; relationship marketing; segmentation; branding
Foretelling the future: predicting graft outcome by evaluating kidney baseline transplant biopsies.

Kidney allografts typically have had a previous life and often show donor-derived “wear and tear,” with signs of hypertension-induced arterionephrosclerosis and occasionally even other renal diseases that may affect graft survival. “Procurement” and “zero-hour implantation” biopsies are
The encoded primary sequence of a rice seed ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase subunit and its homology to the bacterial enzyme

Rice seed ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA clones were isolated by screening a lambda expression library prepared from rice endosperm poly(A+) RNA with a heterologous antibody raised against the spinach leaf enzyme and subsequently by nucleic acid hybridization. One cDNA plasmid, possessing about 1650 nucleotides, was shown by both DNA and RNA sequence analysis to contain the complete ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase coding sequence of 483 amino acids. The primary sequence displayed a putative leader peptide presumably required for transport of this nuclear encoded protein into the amyloplasts, a differentiated starch containing plastid. The leader peptide, however, showed little sequence homology with transit peptides displayed by other known nuclear encoded proteins localized in the chloroplasts. A comparison of the primary sequence of the putative mature subunit to the Escherichia coli pyrophosphorylase showed two regions displaying significant homology. These two conserved regions contain residues shown previously to be essential for the allosteric regulation and catalytic activity of the E. coli enzyme. Differences in the primary sequences of the plant and bacterial enzyme may reflect the distinct nature of the allosteric effectors that control these enzymes.
Benzalkonium chloride–treated anorectums mimicked endothelin-3–deficient aganglionic anorectums on manometry

Abstract Background/Purpose The anorectal spasticity in Hirschsprung disease may be caused by the absence of enteric ganglia and/or the presence of hypertrophic nerves. Anorectal manometry of chemically denervated rectums was compared with that of congenital aganglionic rectums that also possessed hypertrophic nerves. Methods Aganglionic and ganglionic littermates were produced from breeding heterozygous lethal-spotted mice. Benzalkonium chloride was endorectally injected into ganglionic rectums to ablate the neural elements. Anorectal manometry was performed before the injection and on day 14 postinjection. The anorectal resting pressure was calculated based on the manometric tracing. Rectums were retrieved on day 14 for histologic evaluations. Results Benzalkonium chloride injection successfully ablated the rectal ganglia. Although ganglionic littermates exhibited regular slow waves on anorectal manometry, aganglionic lethal-spotted mice showed irregular waves. Similar to lethal spotted mice, benzalkonium chloride–treated mice exhibited significantly higher anorectal resting pressure than that of ganglionic mice. The slow waves were absent in benzalkonium chloride–treated mice. Conclusion Benzalkonium chloride treatment produced aganglionic rectums that had higher resting pressure similar to the congenital aganglionic rectums. This suggests that hypertrophic nerves in congenital aganglionosis are not necessary to produce the anorectal spasticity.