cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pattern Reversal Visual Evoked Potential and Cognitive Functions in Subclinical Hypothyroid Subjects.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is insidious and may occur early in subclinical hypothyroid (SCH) state which can be picked up by electrophysiological study. This study aims to record visual evoked potential (VEP), event-related latency and cognitive functions, and find their association with the levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with SCH. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 36 adult SCH patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls were included. Pattern reversal VEP, visual reaction time (RT), digit spanning test, and AB clock test (ABCT) were done in both SCH cases and euthyroid controls. The observed values were analyzed for comparison of mean values between the groups and correlation of recorded variables with the levels of serum TSH. Results: SCH cases showed a higher P100 (VEP) latency in both the right (103.2 ± 12.3 vs. 102.7 ± 6.8 ms) and left eye (101.1 ± 9.1 vs. 96.2 ± 10.7 ms) as compared to controls, but the difference was statistically insignificant. A significant delay in RT was observed on visible spectra of light in SCH cases ( P P th percentile) was significantly associated with SCH state ( P = 0.027). No significant difference was observed in visuospatial domain by ABCT between both the groups although the median score was lower in SCH cases. Only digit spanning score showed a significant negative correlation with TSH levels ( r = −0.4; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Decline in working memory and RT to visual stimuli is an evidence of the involvement of CNS in SCH. Prolonged latency in VEP may depend on the duration of SCH.
Assessing Broader Impacts

The National Alliance for Broader Impacts (NABI) seeks to foster a community of practice that increases individual and institutional capacity for, and engagement in, broader impact (BI) activities and scholarship. NABI currently has 537 individual members representing more than 210 institutions and organizations who are part of the growing network of professionals. The National Science Foundation (NSF) evaluates all proposals on their intellectual merit and their broader impacts. Many investigators grapple with how to articulate and effectively engage broad audiences in materials science and STEM. Here, we describe the effort of NABI to address BI challenges, present the NABI document Broader Impacts, Guiding Principles and Questions for National Science Foundation Principal Investigators and Proposal Reviewers; highlight the impacts of NABI as a catalyst for building BI capacity; and provide an example of assessing an innovative program’s BI.
Comparison of Consumer Responses to Genetically Modified Foods in Asia, North America, and Europe

Consumer attitudes toward genetically modified (GM) food products are complex and differ across cultures. This study uses consumer survey data to compare consumer attitudes towards GM food across Canada, China, Japan, Norway, and the United States. The comparisons are based on the significance of covariates included in country-wise estimations of willingness to pay for GM foods. The Canadian respondents were similar to U.S. respondents. Japan and China differ more from each other than do Japan and Norway. The Chinese were the most favorable toward GM foods. We argue that cultural attitudes including valuing tradition and skepticism of science must be considered when marketing GM products.
LOYAL WORKERS AND DISTINGUISHED SCHOLARS: BIG HUMANITIES AND THE ETHICS OF KNOWLEDGE

Over the past two decades, long-running debates about the purposes and practices of humanistic inquiry have been refocused as a debate about the uncertain fate of the humanities in a digital age. Now, with the advent of digital and computational humanities, scholars are discussing with a new urgency what the humanities are for and what it means to practice them. And many suggest that the surfeit of digital data is unprecedented and are calling for new methods, practices, and epistemologies. This article considers these claims in light of a longer history of what Lorraine Daston has called “practices of compendia”––practices of collecting, collating, and interpreting massive amounts of data. It focuses, in particular, on the late nineteenth-century German historian Theodor Mommsen and the range of projects he initiated and led as secretary of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. Mommsen invented the “big humanities” and what his contemporaries termed the “industrial” model of scholarship, a model that helped create a new, modern scholarly persona and a distinctly modern ethics of knowledge.
Distracting injury defined: does an isolated hip fracture constitute a distracting injury for clearance of the cervical spine?

As the population within the USA ages, the number of hip fractures seen yearly in the emergency department is expected to rise. According to the NEXUS criteria, many of these patients receive computerized tomographic scan (CT) evaluation of the cervical spine because a hip fracture may constitute a distracting injury. The objective of this study is to determine if an isolated hip fracture constitutes a distracting injury which requires imaging of the cervical spine. Data were prospectively collected on 158 trauma patients with isolated hip fractures between April 1, 2015 and March 9, 2016. Patient demographics were analyzed and compared to the National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS). Patients with isolated hip fractures were predominantly elderly, on average 78.6 +/− 15.9 years old, and 94.3% of these injuries occurred after a fall from standing. Only one patient also had a cervical spine fracture which was not clinically significant. When compared to the established rate of cervical spine injury of 2.4%, the absolute risk reduction (ARR) was 0.35% (95% CI, − 1.06 to 1.75%) and the number needed to treat (NNT) was 290. In the case of an elderly patient with an isolated hip fracture and no cervical midline tenderness, cervical spine imaging may be reserved for those who have other NEXUS criteria for further workup.
Cognitive Impairment and Pain Among Nursing Home Residents With Cancer

Abstract Context The prevalence of pain and its management has been shown to be inversely associated with greater levels of cognitive impairment. Objectives To evaluate whether the documentation and management of pain varies by level of cognitive impairment among nursing home residents with cancer. Methods Using a cross-sectional study, we identified all newly admitted U.S. nursing home residents with a cancer diagnosis in 2011–2012 (n = 367,462). Minimum Data Set 3.0 admission assessment was used to evaluate pain/pain management in the past five days and cognitive impairment (assessed via the Brief Interview for Mental Status or the Cognitive Performance Scale for 91.6% and 8.4%, respectively). Adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CI were estimated from robust Poisson regression models. Results For those with staff-assessed pain, pain prevalence was 55.5% with no/mild cognitive impairment and 50.5% in those severely impaired. Pain was common in those able to self-report (67.9% no/mild, 55.9% moderate, and 41.8% severe cognitive impairment). Greater cognitive impairment was associated with reduced prevalence of any pain (adjusted prevalence ratio severe vs. no/mild cognitive impairment; self-assessed pain 0.77; 95% CI 0.76–0.78; staff-assessed pain 0.96; 95% CI 0.93–0.99). Pharmacologic pain management was less prevalent in those with severe cognitive impairment (59.4% vs. 74.9% in those with no/mild cognitive impairment). Conclusion In nursing home residents with cancer, pain was less frequently documented in those with severe cognitive impairment, which may lead to less frequent use of treatments for pain. Techniques to improve documentation and treatment of pain in nursing home residents with cognitive impairment are needed.
Challenges of the pharmacological management of benzodiazepine withdrawal, dependence, and discontinuation:

Background:Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are among the most prescribed sedative hypnotics and among the most misused and abused medications by patients, in parallel with opioids. It is estimated that more...
Importance of Cultural and Religious Experience: Discussion of Dr. Flomenhaft’s Paper

Dr. Flomenhaft’s paper began with vivid illustrations that made the point: Contrast in group and cultural approaches to health care holds not only for persons of dissimilar cultures but within each culture. I will use my experience in Taiwan to relate to the paper. In Taiwan, it was very evident to us that the nurses and nursing faculty were not aware of some of the most common sentiments and practices of persons in their own culture. Perhaps this represents subcultural differences, because the nurses were well educated, while many patients and families were not. Some things that these nurses were not fully aware about the patients included: (1) extensive use of fortune tellers (2) expensive financial expense for religious practices such as paying for vows and seeking services of ritual specialists (3) the extent to which grandparents influenced family decisions, sometimes disastrously. For example, the grandfather who refused to have a child operated upon until too late, and only then did so when a fortune teller indicated to his satisfaction that “out of evil good will come.” (4) the extent to which the nurses were unaware of how much pain the children suffered because the parents did not volunteer information.
Design and Synthesis of Optically-Pure Compounds Using Microbial Systems

As the useful biological activities of most therapeutic agents are associated with only one enantiomer, the preparation of optically-pure compounds continues to be a major contemporary problem of synthetic organic chemistry. Because conventional chemical transformations generally give statistical mixtures of optical enantiomers, it is necessary to remove the unwanted antipode at the end of the reaction sequence by resolution using an asymmetric agent, which is often a natural product.
Generation and Culture of Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Organoids from Resected Tumor Specimens.

The recent development of human organoids as patient-specific models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has helped set the stage for a new era of personalized medicine. Organoids can be generated from a resected PDA tumor in as little as 2-4 weeks, and are amenable to therapeutic screening as well as genetic and biochemical perturbation. Moreover, because these models promote the propagation of the neoplastic PDA cells at the expense of the stromal cells, transcriptome and genome-wide sequencing of organoids offers an unprecedented view of the genetic and expression changes occurring in the neoplastic cells of individual tumors. Here, we describe methods to generate PDA organoid cultures from resected human tumor specimens. We also describe how to propagate, cryopreserve, and thaw human PDA organoid cultures.
Carjacking and the management of natural surveillance

Abstract Natural surveillance has long been a central feature of criminological discourse and is thought to be a potent source of deterrence. The current paper explores how a sample of active carjackers manages the prospect of “being seen,” focusing on three specific decision-making protocols: Isolation, speed, and the exploitation of audience indifference. Conceptual attention focuses on the application of the perceptual heuristic “awareness contexts” (Glaser & Strauss, 1964) to reconcile two seemingly disconnected strands of criminological inquiry—one that positions offenders as recklessly impulsive, the other that postures them as calculative and deterrable.
Incorporating Unbalanced Operation Constraints of Three-Phase Distributed Generation

In this letter, we provide a convex-concave procedure based model to approximate the unbalance operation constraints of three-phase fossil-fuel distributed generation. This model transfers the non-convex unbalanced operation constraints into an iterative convex optimization procedure. The simplicity and convexity make it easy to integrate into a broad range of convex distribution optimal power flow formulations.
Diffusion behavior of lanthanide-additive compounds (Ce4Sb3, Ce2Sb, and CeTe) against HT9 and Fe

Abstract Antimony and tellurium have been identified as promising additives in metallic fuel, which can immobilize free-lanthanide fission products into stable intermetallic compounds in order to mitigate the fuel-cladding chemical interaction. Ce4Sb3, Ce2Sb, and CeTe are the primary compounds formed by Sb or Te with the lanthanide Ce present in the fuel. If these compounds are present at the outer periphery of the fuel, they will come in contact with and react with the cladding after the fuel swells. The present study investigates the reactivity of these compounds with two cladding materials, HT9 and Fe. The diffusion couple tests between these compounds and HT9 or Fe were conducted at 853 K. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the morphology, microstructure, and phase distribution of the diffusion region. It was observed that the diffusion region thickness formed by the three compounds was significantly reduced compared to free Ce. There was no observed diffusion or reaction between Ce4Sb3 or Ce2Sb with either HT9 or Fe. CeTe was found to diffuse and react with HT9, forming Cr3Te4 and TeFe at the diffusion region, as well as to penetrate into Fe, mostly by intergranular diffusion.
Vandalized Frescoes’ Virtual Retouching

In this study, we present the results of the application of virtual color restoration on the vandalized frescoes of the Church of Saint John (located in the courtyard of the University of West Attica Campus II). In order to retrieve the monument’s interior and exterior, three-dimensional scanning technology and photogrammetry were implemented in two distinct periods. In 2010, scanning through terrestrial laser scanner and capturing the interior were held. documentation via photogrammetry took place in 2016. Due to the extensive vandalism that suffered its interior, the current documentation was limited only to the monument’s exterior. For the application of digital color restoration, firstly we decided to individually apply the three retouching techniques in the virtual environment: chromatic abstraction, neutral color and mimetic color restoration technique. As the optical result of the virtual interventions was not aesthetically correct, we decided to combine contemporary aesthetic approaches, as well as basic retouching techniques and apply them in an original way: chromatic abstraction, neutral color and mimetic color restoration technique, which lead to a new mixed method. According to the Venice Charter article 9 retouching aims to restore the aesthetic value of the monument with respect to its historic value and must stop where conjecture begins. Furthermore, the retouching techniques should be visibly distinct by the authentic painting layer and any intervention made should be based on archaeological and historical knowledge. Therefore, the workflow which was decided to follow, complied with the Code of Ethics of Conservation of Cultural Heritage.
Bounding Network-Induced Delays of Wireless PRP Infrastructure for Industrial Control Systems

Recently, wireless communication technologies, such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), have gained increasing popularity in industrial control systems (ICSs) due to their low cost and ease of deployment, but communication delays associated with these technologies make it unsuitable for critical real-time and safety applications. To address concerns on network-induced delays of wireless communication technologies and bring their advantages into modern ICSs, wireless network infrastructure based on the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) has been proposed. Although application-specific simulations and measurements have been conducted to show that wireless network infrastructure based on PRP can be a viable solution for critical applications with stringent delay performance constraints, little has been done to devise an analytical framework facilitating the adoption of wireless PRP infrastructure in miscellaneous ICSs. Leveraging the deterministic network calculus (DNC) theory, we propose to analytically derive worst-case bounds on network-induced delays for critical ICS applications. We show that the problem of worst-case delay bounding for a wireless PRP network can be solved by performing network-calculus-based analysis on its non-feedforward traffic pattern. Closed-form expressions of worst-case delays are derived, which has not been found previously and allows ICS architects&#x002F;designers to compute worst-case delay bounds for ICS tasks in their respective application domains of interest. Our analytical results not only provide insights into the impacts of network-induced delays on latency-critical tasks but also allow ICS architects&#x002F;operators to assess whether proper wireless RPR network infrastructure can be adopted into their systems.
Persistence and Accumulation of Visual Memories for Objects in Scenes in 12-Month-Old Infants.

Visual memory for objects has been studied extensively in infants over the past twenty years, however, little is known about how they are formed when objects are embedded in naturalistic scenes. In adults, memory for objects in scenes show information accumulation over time as well as persistence despite interruptions (Melcher, 2001, 2006). In the present study, eye-tracking was used to investigate these two processes in 12-month-old infants (N = 19) measuring: (1) whether longer encoding time can improve memory performance (accumulation), and (2) whether multiple shorter exposures to a scene are equivalent to a single exposure of the same total duration (persistence). A control group of adults was also tested in a closely matched paradigm (N = 23). We found that increasing exposure time led to gains in memory performance in both groups. Infants were found to be successful in remembering objects with continuous exposures to a scene, but unlike adults, were not able to perform better than chance when interrupted. However, infants’ scan patterns showed evidence of memory as they continued the exploration of the scene in a strategic way following the interruption. Our findings provide insight into how infants are able to build representations of their visual environment by accumulating information about objects embedded in scenes.
A novel approach to the program evaluation committee.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires each residency program to have a Program Evaluation Committee (PEC) but does not specify how the PEC should be designed. We sought to develop a PEC that promotes resident leadership and provides actionable feedback. Participants were residents and faculty in the Traditional Internal Medicine residency program at Yale School of Medicine (YSM). One resident and one faculty member facilitated a 1-h structured group discussion to obtain resident feedback on each rotation. PEC co-facilitators summarized the feedback in written form, then met with faculty Firm Chiefs overseeing each rotation and with residency program leadership to discuss feedback and generate action plans. This PEC process was implemented in all inpatient and outpatient rotations over a 4-year period. Upon conclusion of the second and fourth years of the PEC initiative, surveys were sent to faculty Firm Chiefs to assess their perceptions regarding the utility of the PEC format in comparison to other, more traditional forms of programmatic feedback. PEC residents and faculty were also surveyed about their experiences as PEC participants. The PEC process identified many common themes across inpatient and ambulatory rotations. Positives included a high caliber of teaching by faculty, highly diverse and educational patient care experiences, and a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary care. Areas for improvement included educational curricula on various rotations, interactions between medical and non-medical services, technological issues, and workflow problems. In survey assessments, PEC members viewed the PEC process as a rewarding mentorship experience that provided residents with an opportunity to engage in quality improvement and improve facilitation skills. Firm chiefs were more likely to review and make rotation changes in response to PEC feedback than to traditional written resident evaluations but preferred to receive both forms of feedback rather than either alone The PEC process at YSM has transformed our program’s approach to feedback delivery by engaging residents in the feedback process and providing them with mentored quality improvement and leadership experiences while generating actionable feedback for program-wide change. This has led to PEC groups evaluating additional aspects of residency education.
Ka/Q band GaAs impatt amplifier technology

GaAs IMPATT diodes are capable of generating 2 to 3 W simultaneously with 18–22% efficiency in the 33 GHz to 46 GHz frequency band. The design of the amplifier circuits which utilize these devices is discussed. The circuit design is based on a 3-step closed form algorithm. The first step is a passive circuit characterization with an automatic network analyzer. In the second step, a computer is used to generate diode device lines. The third step is load line synthesis for predictable operation. The resulting performance is described. 2 W over a 2-GHz bandwidth was achieved simultaneously with minimum gain of 9 dB.
Deriving symptom networks from digital phenotyping data in serious mental illness.

Background Symptoms of serious mental illness are multidimensional and often interact in complex ways. Generative models offer value in elucidating the underlying relationships that characterise these networks of symptoms. Aims In this paper we use generative models to find unique interactions of schizophrenia symptoms as experienced on a moment-by-moment basis. Method Self-reported mood, anxiety and psychosis symptoms, self-reported measurements of sleep quality and social function, cognitive assessment, and smartphone touch screen data from two assessments modelled after the Trail Making A and B tests were collected with a digital phenotyping app for 47 patients in active treatment for schizophrenia over a 90-day period. Patients were retrospectively divided up into various non-exclusive subgroups based on measurements of depression, anxiety, sleep duration, cognition and psychosis symptoms taken in the clinic. Associated transition probabilities for the patient cohort and for the clinical subgroups were calculated using state transitions between adjacent 3-day timesteps of pairwise survey domains. Results The three highest probabilities for associated transitions across all patients were anxiety-inducing mood (0.357, P < 0.001), psychosis-inducing mood (0.276, P < 0.001), and anxiety-inducing poor sleep (0.268, P < 0.001). These transition probabilities were compared against a validation set of 17 patients from a pilot study, and no significant differences were found. Unique symptom networks were found for clinical subgroups. Conclusions Using a generative model using digital phenotyping data, we show that certain symptoms of schizophrenia may play a role in elevating other schizophrenia symptoms in future timesteps. Symptom networks show that it is feasible to create clinically interpretable models that reflect the unique symptom interactions of psychosis-spectrum illness. These results offer a framework for researchers capturing temporal dynamics, for clinicians seeking to move towards preventative care, and for patients to better understand their lived experience.
Improving Healthcare Systems through Process Mining

Real processes are different from the ideal ones in an organisation. In order to uncover hidden problems and gain objective insights of real business processes, it is essential to get an accurate view of all activities involved in each process. This analysis is crucial to reduce cost and provide high quality care in the healthcare organisations. This paper demonstrates the application of process mining on a set of activities involved in the patients' treatment process in a cardiology hospital. We evaluated our system on the event logs generated on the basis of daily processes in the hospital and analysed the logs using process mining tool. The results show that the process flow model generated on the basis of event logs provides useful insight of the real processes by determining the cause of delay, inconsistencies, and bottlenecks in patients' care flow.
Lupus Cerebritis Refractory to Guideline-Directed Therapy: A Case Report

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and organ systems, subsequently requiring an elaborate regimen for management. We present the case of a 63-year-old female who developed unrelenting symptoms of drug-induced lupus, which persisted even after the offending agent was withdrawn, unmasking her underlying systemic lupus erythematosus. She continued to develop neuropsychiatric symptoms, including mania and hallucinations, which complicated the management of her disease. After exhausting the bank of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulators recommended by current guidelines, we found that a combination of rituximab infusions with thiothixene, an antipsychotic agent, significantly improved our patient's neuropsychiatric symptoms. Further research should be conducted to determine the efficacy of rituximab in the treatment of resistant lupus cerebritis, and to validate the use of thiothixene in the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms secondary to lupus.
Introduction to the theory of random processes

Generalities The Wiener process Martingales Stationary processes Infinitely divisible processes Ito stochastic integral Bibliography Index.
Thermal Transport in Refractory Carbides

Thermal energy transport in zirconium carbide samples with various degrees of carbon vacancies was investigated. Thermal diffusivities and electrical resistivities were measured from 100 to 800 K and some measurements were extended to 2000 K. The results confirmed a remarkable increase in the electron and phonon contributions to the thermal conductivity as the carbon vacancy concentration was decreased near the stoichiometric composition. The temperature dependency of the thermal conductivity and its magnitude could be explained in terms of a substantial residual resistivity and a Wiedemann-Franz-Lorenz ratio which increased with increasing temperature and was somewhat dependent upon the carbon vacancy concentration.
Political Conservatism and Darwinian Science: Does Conservatism Have a Future?

In an era of rapid change and shifting political alliances, a number of scholars have attempted to keep political conservatism viable and current by arguing that Darwinian science supports political conservatism. In particular, Prof. Larry Arnhart levels a sustained argument that Darwinism provides a biological foundation for conservative notions of human nature, traditional morality, family values, private property, limited government, and the like. A foundation for his view is the claim that the laws of nature and material causes are sufficient to produce "emergent" human minds capable of the kind of free will consistent with moral responsibility. This essay argues that Arnhart's attempt to unite Darwinism and conservatism fails, even when augmented by developments in the philosophy of mind. As such, political conservatism does not seem to be reconciliable with Darwinian theory - a result that has implications for the intellectual viability of conservatism in changing political landscape of the 21st century.
Computers and the Law: THE RIGHT OF PRIVACY

Introduction What do we mean by a “right of privacy”? Justice Cooley in 1888 defined it simply as a right to be left alone. Alternatively, it may be defined as a right to be anonymous. The two definitions are quite different but both are important, and the right to be anonymous is a form of privacy that has particularly significant implications in cyberspace. In legal terms, our right of privacy amounts to a right to be free from government intrusion into certain areas of our lives and a right to be free from intrusion by other individuals into our “private” lives. The former is protected largely through Constitutional interpretation and a number of statutes; the latter is protected largely through the common law under tort principles. Before 1890 no English or American court had ever granted relief based on such a claim as “invasion of privacy.” However, in 1890 a Harvard Law Review article by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis examined a number of cases ostensibly decided on other grounds, and concluded that these decisions were actually based on a broader principle, a right of privacy. Warren and Brandeis claimed such a principle was in fact necessary to deal with what was seen as the growing problem of excesses of the press. New York was the first state to confront this issue head on in the wake of the article. Several lower courts had held the existence of a right of privacy.
Mathematical Model of Innate and Adaptive Immunity of Sepsis: A Modeling and Simulation Study of Infectious Disease

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) to infection. In this work, a system dynamics mathematical model (SDMM) is examined to describe the basic components of SIR and sepsis progression. Both innate and adaptive immunities are included, and simulated results in silico have shown that adaptive immunity has significant impacts on the outcomes of sepsis progression. Further investigation has found that the intervention timing, intensity of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and initial pathogen load are highly predictive of outcomes of a sepsis episode. Sensitivity and stability analysis were carried out using bifurcation analysis to explore system stability with various initial and boundary conditions. The stability analysis suggested that the system could diverge at an unstable equilibrium after perturbations if r t2max (maximum release rate of Tumor Necrosis Factor- (TNF-) α by neutrophil) falls below a certain level. This finding conforms to clinical findings and existing literature regarding the lack of efficacy of anti-TNF antibody therapy.
The Affordable Care Act versus Medicare for All.

Many problems facing the Affordable Care Act would disappear if the nation were instead implementing Medicare for All - the extension of Medicare to every age group. Every American would be automatically covered for life. Premiums would be replaced with a set of Medicare taxes. There would be no patient cost sharing. Individuals would have free choice of doctors. Medicare's single-payer bargaining power would slow price increases and reduce medical cost as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). Taxes as a percentage of GDP would rise from below average to average for economically advanced nations. Medicare for All would be phased in by age.
Maternal Attachment Trajectories and Criminal Offending By Race

Parental attachment is a key predictor of juvenile offending. Most prior research on the topic, however, assumes that parental attachment is stable throughout youth and adolescence. On the contrary, recent research has established that parenting is a dynamic factor for many youth during adolescence. In the current study, we assess the relationship between trajectories of maternal attachment and offending during adolescence and young adulthood. Following a cohort of 859 youth from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data aged 10 or 11 over a period of 6 years, we find four distinctive trajectories of maternal attachment and two distinctive trajectories of offending. The results suggest that changes that occur in maternal closeness are linked to changes in offending across adolescence. However, when young adult offending is assessed when the youth are 18 or 19 years of age, we find that adolescent maternal attachment trajectories are not significant predictors of offending.
Teaching Globalization to Social Work Students: In and Out of the Classroom

This paper was part of qualitative research that sought to explore motivations of Masters-level students (n = 53) in taking an elective course in international social work at a large public university in the Southeastern US. A review of the literature includes the foundational aspects of globalization and its relationship with social work education. Through content analysis, results show comportment of students' stated motivations for taking the course and the contemporaneous literature on globalization. Themes expressed are the historical context of globalization, concern about global inequalities, and the varying impacts of globalization around the world. Discussion is directed towards exploring ways of effectively infusing globalization content in the social work curricula.
Specific Hydrogen-Bond-Mediated Recognition and Modification of Surfaces Using Complementary Functionalized Polymers.

Specific hydrogen-bonding interactions between polymers and surface-tethered recognition elements were used to selectively modify self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. The interfacial recognition processes were followed by observing frequency changes of thymine-SAM modified quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chips during adsorption of diamidopyridine-functionalized (DAP) polystyrene from a nonpolar solvent. QCM studies combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle, and ellipsometry measurements of the polymer-modified surfaces demonstrate the selectivity of the polymer−surface hydrogen-bonding interactions. These studies also indicate that the degree of recognition element functionalization of both the polymer and the surface is crucial in determining the rate, selectivity, and coverage of polymer on the surface.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE WITH A TIDE–SIMULATING APPARATUS1

The growth yields of 8 species of red and 4 species of green algae, collected from various vertical levels on the western Atlantic (New Jersey) shore, were investigated in a range of emersion-submersion regimes in the laboratory. The sinusoidal tide-simulating apparatus consisted of a plexiglass frame connected by a nylon thread to a rotating wheel, powered by an electric motor geared to make one revolution every 12 h. Inocula of settled spores on glass cover-glasses were placed at 6 levels on the frame and alternately raised out of, and lowered into, a seawater tank every 6 h with consequent subjection to 0, 18, 37, 58, 79, and 100% submergence regimes per tidal cycle. There was little correlation between the vertical position of a species on the shore in nature and its ability to grow as the percentage submergence per tidal cycle increased. All species tested grew best when continuously submerged, even those that are usually restricted to elevated positions on the shore in nature. The majority grew well in all regimes in which there was some submergence per tidal cycle, except for one sublittoral species (Callithamnion byssoides) whose growth decreased sharply as the percentage exposure to the air was increased.
PAP7, a PBR/PKA-RIα-associated protein: a new element in the relay of the hormonal induction of steroidogenesis

The precise mechanism by which the hormone-induced minimal cAMP levels act at the mitochondria to activate cholesterol transport and steroid synthesis is unknown. We propose that this mechanism involves a macromolecular signaling complex where a newly identified peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR)-associated protein (PAP7) binds the regulatory subunit RIalpha of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), thus allowing for local efficient catalytic activation and phosphorylation of the substrate steroidogenesis acute regulatory protein (StAR), leading to cholesterol transfer from the low affinity StAR to the high affinity PBR cholesterol binding protein. The mouse and human PAP7 proteins were cloned, their genomic organization and chromosomal localization characterized, their tissue distribution evaluated and subcellular localization defined. PAP7 is highly expressed in steroidogenic tissues, where it follows the pattern of PKA-RIalpha expression and data from a human adrenal disease suggest that it participates in PKA-RIalpha-mediated tumorigenesis and hormone-independent hypercortisolism. PAP7 is localized in the Golgi and mitochondria and inhibition of PAP7 expression results in reduced hormone-induced cholesterol transport into mitochondria and decreased steroid formation. Taken together, these data suggest that PAP7 functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) critical in the cAMP-dependent steroid formation.
Electrical stimulation of the septum and hypothalamus as conditioned stimuli in the rabbit.

Abstract This study was concerned with the effect on the onset of conditioned response (CR) performance, the rate of CR acquisition, and the rate of differentiation of the rabbit nictitating membrane response when the conditioned stimulus (CS) consisted of electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) in rewarding, aversive and neutral septal and hypothalamic locations. During two days of acquisition training rabbits received 100 daily trials of Pavlovian conditioning to two electrode loci. Four days of differentiation training followed acquisition and consisted of non-reinforcement of one locus (CS−) while the other locus continued to be reinforced (CS+) by the eyeshock serving as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Onset of CR performance was faster in rabbits receiving the CS in two rewarding brain loci than in two neutral or aversive loci. Asymptotic CR performance was attained first by rabbits receiving the CS in two rewarding loci, second by neutral CSs, and third by aversive CSs. The motivational properties of the two CSs interacted to determine CR performance, such that onset of CR performance and CR acquisition rate were faster for ESB combinations which included a neutral locus. The fastest rate of differentiation occurred when CS+ and CS− consisted of stimulation of an aversive locus and neutral locus, respectively. Differentiation was generally attained more quickly when CS− was a neutral locus. Differentiation was impeded and led to a loss of differentiation between days when one of the loci was rewarding.
MECHANISMS OF NUCLEATE POOL BOILING ON COMPOSITE SURFACES

Abstract A previous experimental study [1] has disclosed that nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients on a graphite-copper composite surface are three to six times higher than those on a pure copper surface. Three programs are executed in order to explore the cause for such a high thermal performance: An experiment is conducted on nucleate pool boiling of R113 on a composite surface, a computer program is developed to determine the temperature distribution inside a composite cylinder heated from the lower end with incipient boiling on the upper end, and the microstructure of the composite surface is examined by means of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The computer results indicate that (i) Each fiber acts like a fin transporting higher heat flux, resulting in the composite body having a higher average temperature at any cross sections than that of a pure base material, and (ii) There exists a criterion for the tip of graphite fibers to function as a hot spot, i.e. a potential site for macro-bubble nucleation. The SEM discovers micro trenches and intermingled winding trails on the matrix surface between graphite fiber tips which may serve as the nucleation sites for microbubbles. The experiments in support of both hypotheses about the nucleation site.
Abstract 1115: p32 is a downstream effector of c-Myc induced glutamine addiction

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Genetic alterations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are the main drivers not only of deregulated cell proliferation but also altered cancer cell metabolism. Compared with normal cells, malignant cells exhibit enhanced utilization of glucose and glutamine. As such, efforts to understand the molecular basis of the addiction to these two nutrients is likely to lead to the identification of new drug targets for the specific killing of cancer cells. A major player in tumor cell addiction to glutamine is the c-Myc oncogene. By stimulating the expression of glutamine transporters and glutaminase, this transcription factor promotes glutamine oxidation through the mitochondria. This rewiring of glutamine metabolism must be sustained by efficient mitochondrial function. The mitochondrial p32 protein was previously demonstrated to be critical in mitochondria metabolism by maintaining oxidative phosphorylation, yet the factors regulating its expression are not clear. Deregulated c-Myc is a frequent feature of gliomas and recent discoveries suggest the importance of metabolic alterations, in particular glutamine addiction, in the pathogenesis of these cancers. Interestingly, medulloblastoma can be clustered into six subgroups based on gene signature and the c-Myc amplified subgroup exhibits high p32 expression. In the present study, we hypothesized that p32 may be a downstream effector of c-Myc induced glutamine addiction. Using a c-Myc and estrogen receptor fusion protein construct in immortalized fibroblast, we demonstrated that p32 expression was up regulated upon c-Myc nuclear translocation. shRNA mediated stable knock-down of p32 in glioma cell lines and patient-derived tumor initiating cells impaired cell proliferation and tumorigenic potential in mouse models. Furthermore, attenuation of p32 expression reduced glioma cells sensitivity to glutamine deprivation and abrogated c-Myc induced glutamine consumption. Additional work is underway to determine whether c-Myc and p32 work in the same or parallel pathways to confer glutamine addiction on glioma cells and to establish the implications of this co-operation on tumor metabolism in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1115. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1115
INI1 expression induces cell cycle arrest and markers of senescence in malignant rhabdoid tumor cells

The INI1 gene, which encodes a functionally uncharacterized protein component of the hSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is often mutated or deleted in malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT). Two isoforms of INI1, that differ by the variable inclusion of nine amino acids, potentially are produced by differential RNA splicing. To determine the effect of the two INI1 isoforms on cell growth, INI1-devoid (MRT) and INI1-expressing cell lines were transfected separately with mammalian expression vectors or transduced with adenoviruses. Transfection of the short form of INI1 into either INI1-deficient or expressing cell lines resulted in complete suppression of cell growth in colony formation assays. The longer splice variant induced moderate to severe growth suppression of MRT cells, but had a far milder effect on non-MRT cells. Transduction of MRT cells with adenoviruses expressing either isoform of INI1 led to a dramatic change in morphology, growth suppression, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, senescence-associated proteins were up-regulated after transduction, while levels of proteins implicated in cell cycle progression were down-regulated. Adenoviral delivery of INI1 into a non-MRT cell line, however, had no demonstrable effect on any of these parameters. These results support the genetic evidence that INI1 is a tumor suppressor gene gone awry in MRT cells, and also suggest that delivery of the INI1 gene to MRT cells by adenoviruses may lead to a more effective treatment of this highly aggressive malignancy.
Belle muon identification

Abstract In this report, we describe the K L 0 and muon identification subsystem of the BELLE experiment at the KEKB e + e - asymmetric collider. The system consists of resistive plate counter (RPC) charged particle detector installed within the segmented flux return iron yoke of the BELLE superconducting solenoid. Upgrade plan for high luminosity B-factory experiment is also discussed.
Bad Debts: Assessing China's Financial Influence in Great Power Politics

Commentators and policymakers have articulated growing concerns about U.S. dependence on China and other authoritarian capitalist states as a source of credit to fund the United States' trade and budget deficits. What are the security implications of China's creditor status? If Beijing or another sovereign creditor were to flex its financial muscles, would Washington buckle? The answer can be drawn from the existing literature on economic statecraft. An appraisal of the ability of creditor states to convert their financial power into political power suggests that the power of credit has been moderately exaggerated in policy circles. To use the argot of security studies, China's financial power increases its deterrent capabilities, but it has little effect on its compellence capabilities. China can use its financial power to resist U.S. entreaties, but it cannot coerce the United States into changing its policies. Financial power works best when a concert of creditors (or debtors) can be maintained. Two ca...
The effects of the sociopolitical environment on developments in special education

The current sociopolitical context of special education is one of dangerous currents. I will give a brief overview of three of these currents and then discuss how we might proceed to avoid their taking us where we don't want to go.
Be7breakup on heavy and light targets

In this paper we present all-order quantum mechanical calculations of $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ breakup on heavy $(^{208}\mathrm{Pb})$ and light $(^{12}\mathrm{C})$ targets. We examine the issues concerning the extraction of the astrophysical $S$-factor ${S}_{34}(0)$ from the breakup data. We discuss the interplay between Coulomb and nuclear breakup, and the importance of higher-order couplings on the cross section. We show that nuclear and Coulomb contributions are not separable using the standard angular selection criterion as nuclear breakup remains large for small scattering angles, even for the heavy target. However, by selecting an upper limit on the relative energy between the final fragments, the contribution from the nuclear breakup can be significantly reduced such that Coulomb breakup is the main reaction mechanism. We show that the extraction of the asymptotic normalization coefficient may require more careful consideration of the nuclear interior than previously used.
Trisomy 21 in a child due to paternal nondisjunction as determined by RFA technique

Sequential QFQ and RFA techniques were performed on a patient with Down syndrome and his parents. The paternal nondisjunctional event occurred in the first meiotic division. The origin of the extra chromosome 21 was determined by RFA. QFQ was not informative due to the absence of markers on chromosome 21. For maximal characterization of variations involving chromosome 21, sequential QFQ and RFA techniques are necessary. Consequently, the sequential QFQ and RFA techniques would be a definite asset in determining the source of the extra chromosome in patients with Down syndrome.
Application of Contemporary Literature to Enhance Interpersonal Skills and Ethical Decision Making in Professional Selling Coursework

Educators and marketing professionals agree that course-work must address interpersonal communication skills and ethical decision making in addition to traditional business functions and skills. Th...