cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model integration in an object-oriented model management system

Model integration is a difficult task. The difficulty is partly due to the complexity of representing each individual model and model relationships, and partly due to the lack of uniform references to model components. Object-oriented database systems have the capability of depicting different levels of data abstraction and assigning a unique identifier to each object. By applying object-oriented representation techniques, models and their relationships can be better expressed. By assigning object identifiers to model components, the problem of uniform references becomes easier to solve. The authors show a logical flow linking integration related modeling activities. They illustrate how model relationships are detected through the concept of object predicates. A procedure to implement model integration is also discussed. >
Structural and Chemical Evolution of Li and Mn Rich Layered Oxide Cathode and Correlation with Capacity and Voltage Fading

Lithium-rich, magnesium-rich (LMR) cathode materials have been regarded as one of the very promising cathodes for Li-ion battery applications. However, their practical application is still limited by several challenges, especially by their limited electrochemical stability and rate capability. In this work, we present recent progresses on the understanding of the structural and composition evolution of LMR cathode materials with emphasis being placed on the correlation between structural/chemical evolution and electrochemical properties. In particular, using Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2as a typical example, we clearly illustrate the structural characteristics of the pristine materials and their dependence on the materials processing history, cycling induced structural degradation/chemical partition and their correlation with degradation of electrochemical performance. The fundamental understanding obtained in this work may also guide the design and preparation of new cathode materials based on ternary system of
Total-cross-section measurements for positrons and electrons colliding with H 2 , N 2 , and C O 2

Total scattering cross sections have been measured in the same apparatus for positrons and electrons colliding with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, and C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ using a beam transmission technique. The projectile impact energies range from 1 - 500 eV for ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2},2\ensuremath{-}500$ eV for ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{H}}_{2},0.5\ensuremath{-}750$ eV for ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{N}}_{2},2.2\ensuremath{-}700$ eV for ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{N}}_{2},0.5\ensuremath{-}60$ eV for ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, and $2\ensuremath{-}50$ eV for ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$. The onset of positronium formation is clearly seen by an abrupt rise in the total cross sections for positrons colliding with each of the molecules at the respective positronium-formation thresholds. The positron measurements are compared with the electron measurements at intermediate energies for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. This comparison reveals a merging of the cross sections for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ at energies above 200 eV, while for ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ the electron results remain higher than the positron results at all energies. Estimates are made of potential experimental errors, as well as the experimental resolution for discrimination against projectiles scattered at small forward angles.
On the Tracy-Widom approximation of studentized extreme eigenvalues of Wishart matrices

The few largest eigenvalues of Wishart matrices are useful in testing numerous hypotheses and are typically studentized as the noise variance is unknown. Specifically, the largest eigenvalue is studentized using the average trace of the matrix. However, this ratio has a distribution poorly approximated by its asymptotic one when either the sample size or dimension is not too large, making inference problematic. We present a simple variance adjustment that significantly improves the approximation and theoretically demonstrate the increase in power that this adjustment delivers compared to the power of the uncorrected studentized eigenvalue. We propose a bias corrected consistent estimator of the noise variance when studentizing the ( k + 1 ) st largest eigenvalue in the presence of exactly k spikes and a variance correction for the resulting studentized eigenvalue is proposed.
Nonpharmacologic Management of Chronic Insomnia

Insomnia affects 10% to 30% of the population with a total cost of $92.5 to $107.5 billion annually. Short-term, chronic, and other types of insomnia are the three major categories according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd ed. The criteria for diagnosis are difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, or early awakening despite the opportunity for sleep; symptoms must be associated with impaired daytime functioning and occur at least three times per week for at least one month. Factors associated with the onset of insomnia include a personal or family history of insomnia, easy arousability, poor self-reported health, and chronic pain. Insomnia is more common in women, especially following menopause and during late pregnancy, and in older adults. A comprehensive sleep history can confirm the diagnosis. Psychiatric and medical problems, medication use, and substance abuse should be ruled out as contributing factors. Treatment of comorbid conditions alone may not resolve insomnia. Patients with movement disorders (e.g., restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder), circadian rhythm disorders, or breathing disorders (e.g., obstructive sleep apnea) must be identified and treated appropriately. Chronic insomnia is associated with cognitive difficulties, anxiety and depression, poor work performance, decreased quality of life, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Insomnia can be treated with nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies. Nonpharmacologic therapies include sleep hygiene, cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation therapy, multicomponent therapy, and paradoxical intention. Referral to a sleep specialist may be considered for refractory cases.
Effects of Five Granular Insecticides on the Abundance of Selected Arthropod Pests and Predators in Peanut Fields

The effects on nontarget arthropods of five granular insecticides applied at flowering time to control the lesser cornstalk borer, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller), were compared in a 2-yr field study in conventionally planted and tilled ‘Sunrunner’ peanuts. Insecticides used were chlorpyrifos 15 G (15% granular), ethoprop 15 G, fonophos 10 G, Fortress 10 G, terbufos 15 G, and an untreated control. Beat sheets were used to sample weekly for arthropods inhabiting the canopy, and pitfall traps were used to sample for epigaeic (soil-surface dwelling) arthropods. Samples were taken for at least 5 wk after treatment. The applications of granular insecticides had very transitory effects on populations of secondary pests such as the com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and fall amlywoml, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and no effect on populations of predaceous hemipterans. No consistent evidence of effects on secondary pests was noted. Abundance of three of the four groups of epigaeic predators that were monitored declined in some of the treated plots for as long as 1 mo. This underscores the need for timely applications of granular insecticides based on scouting.
Development of an Efficient Pd-Catalyzed Coupling Process for Axitinib

The manufacturing process of axitinib (1) involves two Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions, a Migita coupling and a Heck reaction. Optimization of both of these pivotal bond-formation steps is discussed as well as the approach to control impurities in axitinib. Essential to the control strategy was the optimization of the Heck reaction to minimize formation of impurities, in addition to the development of an efficient isolation of crude axitinib to purge impurities.
Investigating Reported Data Practices in Early Childhood An Exploratory Study

The importance of collecting and using data for educational decision making is clear. However, little information has been gathered about the systematic collection and use of data in early childhoo...
Alternative Viewpoints about Biological Origins as Taught in Public Schools

The teaching of biological origins in public schools is an increasingly controversial issue in American education and the courts. The U.S. Supreme Court has declared that proper treatment of origins education is vital to protecting religious freedom.1 Yet educators often probe the limits of this boundary by creating policies and curricula that sanction the teaching of alternative, or minority viewpoints about biological origins. With various lawsuits over the teaching of origins science in public schools currently proceeding through federal courts,2 the need is great for clarity over the ability to present alternative viewpoints about biological origins in public schools. Essentially all public schools today require the teaching of Neo
Order and Chaos on Your Desk

This paper describes a physical system which is easy to build and can fit in a small clearing on your desk and whose dynamics can be easily varied to demonstrate some fundamental concepts of dynamical systems. And, because its dynamics take place in one dimension, they are simple to analyze: although the restriction to one dimension excludes some of the phenomena which are responsible for much of the current interest in dynamical systems [1, 4], it allows one to draw pictures which illuminate some of the central ideas of the subject [1, 2, 3]. On the other hand, examples of chaotic systems (e.g., [1, 4]) are typically either difficult to realize in practice or result in dynamics in dimension 2 or higher. For example, the complicated (albeit fascinating!) dynamics of a periodically, externally forced, damped pendulum in S1 x R are described in [1, 4]. To understand what the challenge of designing a system with one-dimensional dynamics entails, let us see why the dynamics of the forced pendulum take place in S1 x R. As shown in Figure 1, the state of the pendulum system can be described by three parameters: the position 0 of the pendulum (in S1), the (angular) velocity d0/dt of the pendulum (in R), and the phase of the oscillation of the external force applied at that time (in S1). If we take periodic "snapshots" of the system at the moments that the oscillation of the external force passes through some given, fixed phase, then the state of the system at those moments can be described by the remaining two parameters. Since the state in the next snapshot is a function of the state in the current snapshot, we obtain a function from S1 x R to S1 x R whose iteration describes the sequence of states observable in the sequence of snapshots. For a system's dynamics to take place in R instead, its state in each snapshot must be described completely by a single parameter.
Extensible Software Architecture for a Distributed Engineering Simulation Facility

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a software architecture for an Ethernet and wireless IEEE 802.11 network-based distributed simulation and experiment facility. A need has arisen for an easy-to-use, exible, transparent, and cross-platform communication backbone for conguration and execution of distributed simulations and experiments. Open source, open architecture, and custom student written codes have extended the capabilities of educational research facilities and opened the way for the development of the architecture presented in this paper. The goal of this architecture is to facilitate rapid integration of new and legacy simulations and laboratory equipment to support undergraduate and graduate research projects as well as educational classroom activities.
Automatic English-to-Korean text translation of telegraphic messages in a limited domain

This paper describes our work-in-progress in automatic English-to-Korean text translation. This work is an initial step toward the ultimate goal of text and speech translation for enhanced multilingual and multinational operations. For this purpose, we have adopted an interlingua approach with natural language understanding (TINA) and generation (GENESIS) modules at the core. We tackle the ambiguity problem by incorporating syntactic and semantic categories in the analysis grammar. Our system is capable of producing accurate translation of complex sentences (38 words) and sentence fragments as well as average length (12 words) grammatical sentences. Two types of system evaluation have been carried out: one for grammar coverage and the other for overall performance. For system robustness, integration of two subsystems is under way: (i) a rule-based part-of-speech tagger to handle unknown words/constructions, and (ii) a word-forword translator to handle other system failures.
Risk Factors Associated with Intergenerational Transmission of Child Maltreatment

This chapter is devoted to exploring the risk factors associated with ITCM. Relying on empirical studies about child maltreatment and ITCM, this chapter highlights several risk factors of ITCM, including individual characteristics related to the parents (e.g., substance abuse, mental health, and early parenting) and child (e.g., disability), family circumstances (e.g., family structure, parenting skills, and intimate partner violence), and contextual factors (e.g., poverty, neighborhoods). This chapter discusses the complexity of risk and co-occurring factors and the challenges associated with the relationship between the factors and ITCM.
Establishing Funding Priorities for Hypertension Research: A Modest Proposal.

For more than a half century, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has funded both basic and clinical/translational research that has contributed to an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension and to the development and implementation of approaches for hypertension prevention and treatment. Milestones in hypertension research over the past century, many of which were based on NIH support, have recently been reviewed.1 These initiatives have undoubtedly been a factor in the improved hypertension control rates and the reduction of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality since the 1960s. Between 1999 and 2015, in the United States, age-adjusted cardiovascular disease mortality decreased by 43% (287.0 per 100 000 in 1999 and 162.7 in 2015).2 Stroke mortality also decreased by 43% (50.7 in 1999 and 28.6 in 2015). Nevertheless, hypertension remains a formidable public health problem. Worldwide, the prevalence of hypertension is estimated to be 32%, totaling ≈1 billion people, and hypertension is the leading cause of death.3 In the United States between 1999 and 2014, the age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension has increased from ≈29% to 34% (from >75 to >85 million people), although hypertension control rates have increased from 32% to 54% during that time period.3–5 To achieve blood pressure control, most patients require ≥2 antihypertensive drugs.6 Cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and stroke, continue to be leading causes of death in the United States.3 In the United States, hypertension affects 46% of patients with cardiovascular disease and 72% of those who have had a stroke.7 Overall, hypertension contributes to 19% of total US mortality, and in 2014, >400 000 deaths included high blood pressure as a primary or contributing cause.3 Cardiac failure, including diastolic dysfunction with normal systolic function, is among the most common causes …
First report of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus infecting Cucurbita pepo in Oklahoma.

A survey of cucurbit fields was conducted in the September 2017 growing season in Oklahoma. A total of 121 symptomatic leaf samples (103 from pumpkin and 18 from squash) showing mosaic, mottling, and chlorosis and 10 asymptomatic samples from pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) were collected from grower’s fields located in various counties. All samples were tested against the polyclonal antisera (AC Diagnostics, Fayetteville, AR) of 10 known cucurbit-infecting viruses including Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV, genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) by dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA) as described previously (Ali et al. 2012). Eleven out of 121 symptomatic samples (eight samples from Blaine County and three from Payne County) of pumpkin reacted positively against the antisera of CABYV by DIBA, and the remaining samples were positive to WMV, PRSV, and ZYMV. None of the asymptomatic samples were positive against the 10 viruses in the DIBA. To further confirm the CABYV infection in these pumpkin samples, four of the eleven CABYV-DIBA-positive pumpkin samples (one from Payne County and three from Blaine County) were randomly selected, and total RNA was extracted using TRI reagent (Molecular Research). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out using a pair of primers (CABYV-CP-F, 5′-ATGAATACGGCCGCGGCTAGAAATC-3′; CABYV-CP-R, 5′-CTATTTCGGGTTCTGGACCTGGCA-3′) that are specific to the coat protein (CP) gene of CABYV (Choi et al. 2015). Expected PCR products of approximately 600 bp were observed in all four Oklahoma samples (designated as isolates BL-4, BL-8, BL-45, and PY-46) when PCR products were analyzed on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. An aliquot (5 µl) of PCR product from each sample was cleaned with 2 µl of ExoSAP-IT (Affymetrix). The cleaned PCR products were directly sequenced using ABI sequencer (3130XL genetic analyzer, Hitachi) at the core facility in the Department of Biological Science, University of Tulsa. The complete sequence of the CP gene of all four Oklahoma CABYV isolates (accession nos. MG590258, MG590259, MG590260, and MG590261) showed sequence identities from 98.0 to 98.3% with CABYV isolates from China (accession no. EU636992) and South Korea (accession no. KR231959) using the BLASTn algorithm, and the sequence identity among the four Oklahoma CABYV isolates ranged from 99.6 to 99.8%. Our results indicate the first report of CABYV infecting cucurbits in Oklahoma. CABYV was first described in France in 1992 (Lecoq et al. 1992), and in the United States it was first reported in California in 1993 (Lemaire et al. 1993). Cucurbits are economically important cash crops worldwide; therefore, the presence of CABYV poses a threat for cucurbit production in Oklahoma.
“Where Husbands Find Jobs and Women Go to School”: Gender, Employment and U.S. Refugee Resettlement of Burma-Origin Families

There is growing consensus among social scientists that processes of displacement and third-country resettlement are gendered. However, analyses of US refugee integration and related discussions on how to measure its outcomes often minimize the effects of gender and its correlate, caring. These studies treat gender as a self-explanatory demographic trait, with effects which do not need to be contextualized, and thus, their assumed naturalness remains unquestioned. The overall purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the value of a gendered lens by focusing upon employment as a factor in overall integration, a process that includes resettlement and transitions to permanent residency and citizenship. The connections between employment, English-language education, and gender constructs will be broadly sketched out and situated for discussion, using exploratory ethnographic research on Burma-origin refugees. On the surface, the refugee resettlement process, and public assistance programs that newcomers rely upon appear gender-neutral, and yet their implementation has gendered effects. I will detail how primary caregivers and primary income-earners within the case study, differently and relationally manage gendered institutional constraints associated with being resettled as refugees, and members of the working-poor.
Staffan Müller-Wille & Hans-Jörg Rheinberger (Eds): Heredity Produced. At the Crossroads of Biology, Politics, and Culture, 1500–1870

This substantial volume contains a selection of the papers that were presented at workshops held at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin under the general title, ‘‘A Cultural History of Heredity’’. With the inclusion of several additional papers this volume provides a wide spectrum of topics, the overall aim being to explore ways in which our conceptions of heredity have been shaped by the cultural, social and political contexts in which they have been gestated. This is a bold attempt to broaden the scope of historical investigation in the history of the science now known as ‘‘Genetics’’. Stepping beyond the limited purview of the ‘‘history of Ideas’’, and ‘‘a mere social history’’, or even a disciplinary history, the editors explain that the scope of the workshops has been to explore ‘‘the history of a broader knowledge regime …’’ dating back to ‘‘the social illusions and illuminations of the Enlightenment.’’ To this end the focus has been on the developing meaning of inheritance in a variety of different contexts—legal decisions on paternity, restricted inheritance (primogeniture), racial crossing, the medical world of diseases, experimentation in the eighteenth century, nineteenth century animal and plant breeding, the inheritance of genius, and the heredity of poetics. Emphasis on the ‘‘material culture’’ of current historiography is seen in the emphasis placed on the nature of practice whether legal as in rules concerning racial identity, botanical as in the institution of botanical gardens, or generational as in the treatment of hybridization. Such an agenda should distance our historiographical practice yet further from the Whiggish tendencies of former years. And in using the term ‘‘knowledge regime’’ the editors mean also to reject the restrictive vision of the older sociology of science, and the abrupt Foucauldian ‘‘epistemological breaks’’ as applied by
Stabilization of Nanobubbles under Hydrophobic Confinement

The lifetime of nanobubbles can exceed by more than 10 orders of magnitude the theoretical expectation, which predicts an almost immediate dissolution due to their very high Laplace internal pressure. This makes nanobubbles promising candidates for energy applications, as high-pressure nanoreactors in fuel cells, and for gas delivery in biological systems. Here, we use molecular simulation to shed light on the formation and stabilization of nanobubbles in carbon nanotubes. Using an entropic order parameter, we elucidate the nucleation pathway and determine its free energy. We identify a critical volume for which the existence of nanobubbles is thermodynamically favored, with a flat free energy profile around this critical volume, and mechanically favored, since the fluid pressure along the nanotube axis is positive at this juncture. The stabilization process is assisted by the hydrophobic nature of the nanotube and by the formation of strong hydrogen bonds at the interface.
The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Minichromosome

Plant viruses which contain DNA genomes have recently gained popularity as potential vehicles for introducing foreign DNA into plants (reviewed by Howell, 1982; Hohn et al., 1982). The most intensively studied of these DNA viruses is cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) which contains a double-stranded DNA genome of about 8 kilobases. The infective DNA purified from virus particles is circular, but not covalently closed (i.e., generally two to three site-specific discontinuities occur in the genome; Hull and Howell, 1978; Volovitch et al., 1978). One of the discontinuities occurs in the α-strand of CaMV DNA and is generally considered as map position 0/1 on the circular genome. The complementary or β-strand of CaMV DNA usually contains two discontinuities at map positions 0.20 and 0.53. In one case, however, the CM4-184 isolate of CaMV contains a deletion of about 421 base pairs in and around map position 0.20 which eliminates one of the discontinuities in the α-strand. In the virus particle, the DNA is surrounded by a protein capsid shell (reviewed by Hohn et al., 1982), but additional proteins such as histones or other chromosomal proteins are not associated with the encapsidated DNA.
Four-dimensional BF theory as a topological quantum field theory

Starting from a Lie group G whose Lie algebra is equipped with an invariant nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form, we show that four-dimensional BF theory with cosmological term gives rise to a TQFT satisfying a generalization of Atiyah's axioms to manifolds equipped with principal G-bundle. The case G=GL(4,ℝ) is especially interesting because every 4-manifold is then naturally equipped with a principal G-bundle, namely its frame bundle. In this case, the partition function of a compact oriented 4-manifold is the exponential of its signature, and the resulting TQFT is isomorphic to that constructed by Crane and Yetter using a state sum model, or by Broda using a surgery presentation of four-manifolds.
Variables associated with length of stay in patients undergoing mastectomy and delayed-immediate breast reconstruction with tissue expander.

Delayed-immediate reconstruction with the placement of tissue expanders at the time of mastectomy is a common approach to breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to identify variables associated with increased LOS in patients that underwent bilateral or unilateral mastectomy with tissue expander placement. Bilateral procedure, a diagnosis of anxiety or depression, and age >55 years were independently associated with increased LOS. More recent year of surgery and Friday surgery were associated with decreased LOS.
Building the Tower of Babel for Big Data

Big data are sets of information that are too large or complex to process by traditional means. Finding results that determine trends is like finding a needle in a haystack. The field of big data is constantly changing, as a result, new methods and techniques are being developed. One such area that has not received substantial attention is a comprehensive guide on how to build a system that can handle big data using deep learning. Big data has gained great traction and support, due to it being a method to discover new trends with machine learning and artificial intelligence. This guide provides some high level design considerations to build an integrated big data system for a theoretical ship that uses prognostics to determine Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of components.
Exploring thematic structure and predicted functionality of 16S rRNA amplicon data

Analysis of microbiome data involves identifying co-occurring groups of taxa associated with sample features of interest (e.g., disease state). Elucidating such relations is often difficult as microbiome data are compositional, sparse, and have high dimensionality. Also, the configuration of co-occurring taxa may represent overlapping subcommunities that contribute to sample characteristics such as host status. Preserving the configuration of co-occurring microbes rather than detecting specific indicator species is more likely to facilitate biologically meaningful interpretations. Additionally, analyses that use taxonomic relative abundances to predict the abundances of different gene functions aggregate predicted functional profiles across taxa. This precludes straightforward identification of predicted functional components associated with subsets of co-occurring taxa. We provide an approach to explore co-occurring taxa using "topics" generated via a topic model and link these topics to specific sample features (e.g., disease state). Rather than inferring predicted functional content based on overall taxonomic relative abundances, we instead focus on inference of functional content within topics, which we parse by estimating interactions between topics and pathways through a multilevel, fully Bayesian regression model. We apply our methods to three publicly available 16S amplicon sequencing datasets: an inflammatory bowel disease dataset, an oral cancer dataset, and a time-series dataset. Using our topic model approach to uncover latent structure in 16S rRNA amplicon surveys, investigators can (1) capture groups of co-occurring taxa termed topics; (2) uncover within-topic functional potential; (3) link taxa co-occurrence, gene function, and environmental/host features; and (4) explore the way in which sets of co-occurring taxa behave and evolve over time. These methods have been implemented in a freely available R package: https://cran.r-project.org/package=themetagenomics, https://github.com/EESI/themetagenomics.
Immigrants and Firm Performance: Effects on Foreign Subsidiaries versus Foreign Entrepreneurial Firms

Prior studies have demonstrated that foreign firms co-locate with immigrants from their home countries, but whether this improves profitability is unclear. We show that co-national immigrant communities positively affect the performance of foreign firms, but that there is significant heterogeneity in this effect depending on the type of firm (entrepreneurial venture or MNC subsidiary) and manager (immigrant versus local). We found that the immigrant community had a much stronger effect on the profits of foreign entrepreneurial firms when they were managed by an immigrant vs. a native CEO. Conversely, MNC subsidiaries derived equal benefits from co-locating with immigrants regardless of their CEO’s nationality. This is consistent with our expectation that entrepreneurial firms have a greater need to be locally embedded and rely more on their local managers’ personal networks to derive benefits from local communities, whereas subsidiaries can derive such benefits based on the established organizational resources of the MNC.
A masked zinger to block GPX4.

Ferroptosis induced by GPX4 inhibition offers promise for killing drug-resistant cancer cells, yet current GPX4 inhibitors lack selectivity. The discovery of masked nitrile oxide electrophiles as selective prodrug inhibitors of GPX4 points to an attractive path for chemically inducing ferroptosis.
Central neurocytoma originating in third ventricle with expansion into the cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle: Case report and review of literature.

Abstract Background Central Neurocytomas (CNs) are rare brain tumors, making up less than 1% of all primary tumors within the CNS. They are commonly located in the lateral ventricles, and often present with visual changes and symptoms of obstructive hydrocephalus. Histopathology shows characteristics similar to ependymomas and oligodendrogliomas, however tumor cells display neuronal differentiation, and immunohistochemical stains typically for synaptophysin. Gross total resection is the most important prognostic indicator of survival. Case description We describe the case of a 48-year-old male with a CN originating in the third ventricle with expansion through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle. He presented with bi-frontal headaches, imaging revealed an avidly enhancing tumor occupying the inferior third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, with expansion into the fourth ventricle. An interhemispheric craniotomy with a transcallosal transchoroidal approach to the third ventricle was performed, this provided a trajectory that paralleled the long axis of the tumor. Postoperative imaging confirmed a near total resection with linear residual enhancement on the anterior wall of the fourth ventricle. Intensity modulated radiotherapy was performed, 7-month follow-up imaging was clean. Conclusion CNs are rare brain tumors, most commonly located within the lateral ventricles. We describe a rare case of a CN spanning from the third ventricle into the cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle. To our knowledge, this is only the fourth reported case of such a tumor. Surgical approach must be carefully selected, as gross total resection is the most important prognostic indicator.
Granulomatous Mastitis: What Radiologists Should Know With Imaging Examples of Biopsy Proven Cases.

ABSTRACT Granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign inflammatory disease of the breast, predominantly affecting women of childbearing age. Because of its low prevalence, the literature is limited, and its treatment algorithm is unclear. However, it is important to understand this disease for timely diagnosis and treatment. Our overview with imaging examples of biopsy-proven cases aims to improve our knowledge and to determine when it would be appropriate to include it in the differential diagnosis.
Modelling temporal biomarkers with semiparametric nonlinear dynamical systems

Dynamical systems based on differential equations are useful for modeling the temporal evolution of biomarkers. These systems can characterize the temporal patterns of biomarkers and inform the detection of interactions among biomarkers. Existing statistical methods for dynamical systems mostly target single time-course data based on a linear model or generalized additive model. Hence, they cannot adequately capture the complex interactions among biomarkers; neither can they take into account the heterogeneity between systems or subjects. in this work, we propose a semiparametric dynamical system based on multi-index models for multiple subjects time-course data. Our model accounts for between-subject heterogeneity by introducing system-level or subject-level covariates to dynamic systems, and it allows for nonlinear relationship and interaction between the combined biomarkers and the temporal rate of each biomarker. For estimation and inference, we consider a two-step procedure based on integral equations from the proposed model. We propose an algorithm that iterates between the estimation of the link function through splines and the estimation of index parameters and that allows for regularization to achieve sparsity. We prove model identifiability and derive the asymptotic properties of the estimated model parameters. A benefit of our approach is to pool information from multiple subjects to identify the interaction among biomarkers. We apply the method to analyze electroencephalogram (EEG) data for patients affected by alcohol dependence. The results reveal new insight on patients' brain activities and demonstrate differential interaction patterns in patients compared to health control subjects.
Strongly enhanced electromechanical coupling in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract Flexoelectricity in thin films has emerged as an effective electromechanical response owing to appealing scaling law and universal existence. However, current studies show limited out-of-plane converse flexoelectric effect (CFE) of ultra-thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) when compared to their conventional in-plane piezoresponse. Here, we report converse flexoresponse of atomically thin TMDs such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2) which exceeds their intrinsic in-plane piezoresponses. Our piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements revealed strongly enhanced CFE of the atomically thin MoS2 and WSe2 than their bulk counterpart (∼700% enhancement in MoS2, ∼400% enhancement in WSe2). We observed an anomalous reduction in converse flexoresponse in the monolayer structure attributed to a puckering deformation. By inducing a built-in in-plane tension to reduce puckering, we estimated the CFE of monolayer WSe2 to be 8.14 pm/V, the highest among the atomically thin TMDs.
Analytic and numerical vibronic spectra from quasi-classical trajectory ensembles.

The truncated Wigner approximation to quantum dynamics in phase space is explored in the context of computing vibronic line shapes for monomer linear optical spectra. We consider multiple model potential forms including a shifted harmonic oscillator with both equal and unequal frequencies on the ground and excited state potentials as well as a shifted Morse potential model. For the equal-frequency shifted harmonic oscillator model, we derive an analytic expression for the exact vibronic line shape that emphasizes the importance of using a quantum mechanical distribution of phase space initial conditions. For the unequal-frequency shifted harmonic oscillator model, we are no longer able to obtain an exact expression for the vibronic line shape in terms of independent deterministic classical trajectories. We show how one can rigorously account for corrections to the truncated Wigner approximation through nonlinear responses of the line shape function to momentum fluctuations along a classical trajectory and demonstrate the qualitative improvement in the resulting spectrum when the leading-order quantum correction is included. Finally, we numerically simulate absorption spectra of a highly anharmonic shifted Morse potential model. We find that, while finite quantization and the dissociation limit are captured with reasonable accuracy, there is a qualitative breakdown of the quasi-classical trajectory ensemble’s ability to describe the vibronic line shape when the relative shift in Morse potentials becomes large. The work presented here provides clarity on the origin of unphysical negative features known to contaminate absorption spectra computed with quasi-classical trajectory ensembles.
Sibling Sexual Abuse: A Review of Empirical Studies in the Field.

Although sibling sexual abuse (SSA) is one of the most common forms of sexual abuse, it has been particularly neglected in previous research. Hence, characteristics of this form of abuse and its lo...
Metastatic esophageal cancer presenting as bladder mass, a case report

Metastatic esophageal cancer to urinary bladder is extremely rare and presents as an extremely poor prognosis. Herein, we describe the case of a 68 year-old female with history of resected adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction in remission, who presented with gross hematuria and a bladder lesion. The patient underwent resection of the mass with final pathology consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction.
Affirming the Abuse Liability and Addiction Potential of Menthol: Differences in Subjective Appeal to Smoking Menthol Versus Non-Menthol Cigarettes Across African American and White Young Adult Smokers.

INTRODUCTION Menthol cigarettes are popular among young adults and are disproportionately used by African American smokers. Menthol's minty and cooling sensations have been hypothesized to enhance the appeal and reinforcement of smoking; however, differences in menthol's subjective appeal across races have been inconsistent. This secondary data analysis examined differences in subjective appeal for smoking menthol versus non-menthol cigarettes between African American and White young adult smokers. METHODS Young adults (ages 18-24) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (December 2018-January 2019) completed an online survey of tobacco use behavior. Past year smokers (n = 1726) answered questions about subjective responses to smoking (reward, satisfaction, throat hit, craving reduction, and aversion). RESULTS Significantly more African American (73.2%) compared to White (52.4%) smokers preferred menthol cigarettes (p < .001). Menthol smokers reported greater positive and negative subjective responses to smoking than non-menthol smokers. Positive and negative subjective response were both associated with greater smoking intensity and lower cigarette harm perceptions. Interactions of menthol preference and race on indices of subjective appeal also emerged. African American non-menthol smokers reported lower levels of satisfaction, reward, and craving reduction compared to White non-menthol smokers. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between menthol preference and subjective response to smoking differs by race. Menthol is rated as more appealing than non-menthol smoking, and appeal indices were linked to smoking intensity and lower harm perceptions, indicating greater abuse liability of menthol cigarettes. Policies that ban menthol cigarettes may have a particularly positive impact on the cigarette smoking of African American young adult smokers. IMPLICATIONS The FDA issued an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rule Making to examine the role menthol in tobacco products to inform regulations to restrict or ban flavors. This study showed that menthol smokers reported greater appeal to smoking than non-menthol smokers; and an interaction of race x menthol preference showed African American non-menthol smokers reported the lowest levels of appeal to smoking. Multiple indices of cigarette appeal were positively correlated with smoking intensity and lower cigarette harm perceptions, highlighting the addiction potential of menthol cigarettes. Findings suggest a menthol cigarette ban could help reduce tobacco use among young adults.
Rearrangements of Conditionally Integrable Functions

From an s-variate continuous function whose positive and negative parts both have infinite Lebesgue integral, we construct a continuous rearrangement whose generalized Riemann integral equals any prescribed value. The original function is assumed to be finite a.e., with domain an interval in Rs. A similar result is obtained for functions defined on a ball.
CHANNEL EFFECTS IN HARBOR RESONANCE

The effect of an entrance channel on the response of narrow-mouthed harbors to long periodic incident water waves is examined by means of an approximate approach developed previously by the writers. A channel effect analogous to harbor paradox of Miles and Munk is found and explained in terms of a Helmholtz resonator. Calculations are given for specific harbor geometries and indicate a lowering and crowding together of harbor resonance frequencies and an increase in amplification as the entrance channel length increases.
Gutachten über die mit dem Vertrieb und der Verwendung von bleitetraäthylhaltigem Benzin verknüpften Bleigefährdungen

Der vorhergehende Aufsatz (1) befaste sich mit allgemeinen Beobachtungen an Personen, die mit dem Vertrieb und Verbrauch von Bleibenzin zu tun hatten. Es wurde darauf hingewiesen, das die unterschiedliche Bleiaufnahme mit der Nahrung bei den untersuchten Personen ausreichend sein konnte, den Nachweis einer geringen beruflichen Bleiaufnahme zu verdecken. Um festzustellen, ob dies der Fall ist oder nicht, wurde eine beschrankte Anzahl von typischen Einzelpersonen einer eingehenden Untersuchung unterzogen. Nachstehend werden die Versuchsmethoden beschrieben, sowie die Ergebnisse, die bei vier Tankwarten und vier Autoschlossern erhalten wurden.
Differential effect of ATP concentration on synthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus leader RNAs and mRNAs.

Abstract Cleavage of the beta-gamma bond of ATP is required for wild-type (wt) vesicular stomatitis virus transcription in vitro. Recent findings have established that a domain-specific phosphorylation of the virus NS protein is necessary for activity. We report here that RNA synthesis catalyzed by purified standard wt virions responded cooperatively to various ATP concentrations, with half-maximal activity at approximately 500 microM. In contrast, mutant polR1 standard virions and wt defective interfering particles both showed conventional Michaelis-Menten kinetic profiles with Km values of approximately 143 and approximately 133 microM, respectively. The former synthesize readthrough products of the leader-N gene junction in addition to plus-strand leader RNA and mRNAs, whereas the latter synthesize only minus-strand leader RNA. The cooperative response of wt virus products, however, was specific to mRNAs; the small fraction of the total products corresponding to plus-strand leader approximated Michaelis-Menten behavior. Since the unique phenotype of the polR mutants correlates with the synthesis of replicationlike products in vitro, the affected ATP-requiring function most likely regulates both transcription and replication. We suggest that this mutated function involves phosphorylation of viral proteins.
RNA trans-splicing in Fasciola hepatica. Identification of a spliced leader (SL) RNA and SL sequences on mRNAs.

We have identified a new spliced leader (SL) in Fasciola hepatica by characterizing the 5'-terminal sequences of its enolase mRNA, an mRNA also trans-spliced in the flatworm Schistosoma mansoni (Rajkovic, A., Davis, R.E., Simonsen, J.N., and Rottman, F.M. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 8879-8883). This 37-nucleotide spliced leader is at the 5' ends of multiple Fasciola mRNAs and is likely to be derived from the 5' terminus of a nonpolyadenylated, 108-nucleotide RNA with a trimethylguanosine cap. The SL RNA gene is present in approximately 100 copies within a 1.1-kilobase genomic tandem repeat. Secondary structure predictions indicate that the Fasciola SL RNA contains three stem loops in contrast to two previously observed in S. mansoni. Fasciola and S. mansoni SLs are likely to be evolutionarily related although their sequence identity is only 65%. In contrast with nematodes, absolute conservation of SL sequences and secondary structure does not occur in trematodes. A spliced leader in Fasciola indicates that trans-splicing is likely to be a common feature in other trematodes and perhaps other flatworms.
Entrepreneurship And Globalization: Overcoming Challenges And New Opportunities For Poland And China

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of emerging entrepreneurial initiatives in Poland and in China and to identify opportunities that arise through the promotion of entrepreneurship in an increasingly globally interconnected and interdependent world. The development of entrepreneurship occurs either as an individual or collective result of: comprehensive undertakings, strategies, training programs, specific promotional efforts such as for example creating technology parks, business incubators, replicating, coat-tailing, or simply implementing the best practices (or "benchmarking") as well as a plethora of other initiatives, inventions and industrious efforts. In addition, by designing and developing pro-active and pro-business habits, as fostered by the recently initiated Global Entrepreneurship week, (since 2008) entrepreneurship is gaining more and more momentum and worldwide recognition and attention. At the same time, entrepreneurship also emerges through the bottom-up spontaneous initiatives of successful entrepreneurs - people who after having learned the hard way “the practice of entrepreneurship” may later on decide to devote a portion of their time and energy to teaching entrepreneurship in schools, community centers and sharing their practical experience, thereby enriching grass roots efforts. Finally, an attempt is made to sketch out some salient features and characteristics of an excellent entrepreneur; one who can be considered not just as a market leader or business hero, but as someone contributing to the success of a greater, common good of our increasingly interdependent global society.
Formal hardware verification based on signal correlation properties

This paper deals with special challenges in the formal verification of high-performance circuits that involve redundant number representations and partial compressions. Our particular focus is the verification of circuits where symbolic consideration of number representations is not sufficient, but where additionally properties beyond operand values need to be considered to show correct operation. As a solution, we consider theorem proving techniques in PVS and we propose a framework that allows for reasoning about signal correlation properties in redundant representations. We develop a library for redundant representations that includes support of basic circuits for partial compression and that verifies several fundamental properties regarding signal correlation and partial compression in the computed results. We outline the applicability of our library in the verification of several practical circuits.