cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and optical properties of triphenylene-based conjugated dendrons

Conjugated dendrons based on triphenylene building blocks have been synthesized. Such dendrons exhibit broader absorption wavelength range and higher absorption coefficients than their phenyl analogs. They also possess extended excited state lifetimes and high fluorescence quantum yields in dilute solutions. In the solid state, these dendrons are highly aggregated, resulting in significantly broadened and red-shifted emissions, whose decay transients depend strongly on the detection wavelength.
CYP2D6 Haplotype Determination Using Long Range Allele-Specific Amplification: Resolution of a Complex Genotype and a Discordant Genotype Involving the CYP2D6*59 Allele

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, a major contributor to the metabolism and bioactivation of many clinically used drugs, is encoded by a complex, highly polymorphic gene locus. To aid in the characterization of CYP2D6 allelic variation, we developed allele-specific long-range PCR (ASXL-PCR) to amplify only the allele of interest for further characterization by PCR. This development was achieved utilizing single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the upstream region of CYP2D6 and a universal CYP2D6-specific reverse primer. This approach was assessed and optimized on samples with known genotypes. The application of ASXL-PCR clarified a case with a complex genotype (CYP2D6*2x2/*4N+*4) by amplifying the duplicated gene units separately for subsequent analysis. Furthermore, ASXL-PCR and subsequent sequence analysis also resolved genotype discord in a mother/daughter relationship by revealing the presence of the CYP2D6*59 allelic variant in both individuals. Finally, we demonstrated that the 2939G>A single-nucleotide polymorphism present on CYP2D6*59 interfered with the TaqMan genotype assay that detected 2850C>T, causing false genotype assignments. Assay interference was resolved using an alternative TaqMan genotype assay currently available as a custom-made assay. These examples demonstrate the utility of ASXL-PCR for improved CYP2D6 allele/haplotype characterization. This fast, easy-to-perform method is not limited to CYP2D6 but can be adapted to any gene locus for which polymorphic sites are known.
Molecular volume and polarizability in the amorphous dielectric Zr0.2Sn0.2Ti0.6O2

The dielectric constant of a material is strongly dependent on both the polarizability and the density of the material through the Clausius Mossotti equation. While the atomic polarizability depends on the stoichiometry of the constituent atoms, the molecular polarizability is a function of the atoms’ short range bonding structure and hence can be strongly dependent on processing conditions. Since the density of the material also depends on the thermally activated diffusivity of atoms during processing, varying the processing temperatures has an effect on both the molecular polarizability and the density. The dielectric constant of Zr0.2 Sn0.2Ti0.6O2 is shown to be a strong function of the substrate temperature during sputter deposition with the highest value e~55 at 200 °C and lower values at both higher and lower process temperatures. We have investigated the bonding structure and density of the oxide dielectric deposited at a variety of substrate temperatures in order to elucidate the relative effects of each.
Sugar and spice… and a badge and a gun revisited The relationship between state-level conflict and women’s involvement in policing

Women’s involvement in policing has been an area of study in the United States, but research in other countries has been sporadic. Comparative research, in particular, is scant in the literature on...
Should Physicians be Encouraged to use Generic Names and to Prescribe Generic Drugs

While using the brand names seems like a trivial issue at the outset, using these names is inherently problematic. Cardiovascular drugs remain the most commonly prescribed drugs by the physicians. The junior doctors are likely to introject practices of their seniors and consequently to reciprocate from the experiences learnt from their preceptors. Using the generic names may be one way to facilitate prescription of the generic drugs who have a better cost profile and similar efficacy than the more expensive branded drugs. In this editorial, we have outlined several arguments to suggest the importance of using the generic names in academic discussions and clinical documentation.
Distinguishing Enolic and Carbonyl Components in the Mechanism of Carboxylic Acid Ketonization on Monoclinic Zirconia

This study contributes toward understanding the mechanism of catalytic formation of mixed ketones in an attempt to improve their selectivity vs symmetrical ketones. A pulsed microreactor placed inside a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer instrument was used to identify the source of carbonyl group and quantify its distribution among products of zirconia-catalyzed cross-ketonization reaction of a mixture of carboxylic acids, with the carbonyl group of one of the acids selectively labeled by 13C. A concept of enolic and carbonyl components in the ketonization mechanism was introduced to distinguish the sources of alkyl and acyl groups, respectively. The least branched acid was found to be the predominant source of CO2, the essential byproduct of ketonization. Thus the least branched acid is the preferred source of the alkyl group of the cross-ketone product, while the most branched acid provides the acyl group. Increased branching at the α carbon next to the carbonyl group decreased the reactivity of both ...
Aspects of the Flight Behavior of the Grass Roots Fly, Inopus rubriceps (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Inopus rubriceps (Macquart) showed greater attraction of males to purple or white than to green, red, yellow, or black. Females were attracted equally to green, yellow, white, or purple and to a lesser extent to black or red. Of the 22,331 flies caught on a 40-cm-high sticky trap during 2 annual flights, 41.1% were trapped on the first 10 cm above grass level, 29.7% on the next highest 10-cm section, 18.1% on the next higher 10-cm section, and 11.1% on the top 10-cm section. On a 370-cm-high sticky trap no male was trapped above 190 cm and the mean height of those trapped was 14.1 cm; females were caught over the entire range of the trap and the mean was 119.9 cm. Flight activity is limited by high wind speed and low Radiant Heat Load and perhaps by low light intensity.
Comparison between the Laser Beam Ceilometer and an Algorithm for Continuous Evaluation of Cloud Base Height and Temperature, and Cloud Coverage at Local Scale

The ground-based laser beam ceilometers are used at the Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS) in major airports in the U.S. to measure the cloud base height and report the sky conditions on an hourly basis or at shorter intervals. These laser ceilometers are fixed-type whose transmitters and receivers point straight up at the cloud (if any) base. They are unable to detect clouds that are not above the sensor. To report cloudiness at the local scale, many of these types of ceilometers are needed. A single cloud hanging over the sensor will cause overcast readings, whereas, a hole in the clouds above the sensor could cause a clear reading to be reported. To overcome this problem, we have set up a ventilated radiation station at Logan-Cache airport, Utah, U.S.A., since 1995. This airport is equipped with one of the above-mentioned ceilometers. This radiation station (composed of pyranometers, pyrgeometers with fields of view of 150°), and net radiometer provide continuous measurements of incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation and net radiation throughout the year. Considering the additional longwave radiation captured by the facing-up pyrgeometer during cloudy skies, coming from the cloud in the wave band (8-13 μm) which the gaseous emission lacks, we developed an algorithm which provides the continuous cloud information (cloud base height, cloud base temperature, and percent of skies covered by cloud) at local scale during the day and night throughout the year. Comparisons between the ASOS and the model data during the period June, 2004, are reported in this article. The proposed algorithm is a promising approach for evaluation of the cloud base temperature and height, and percent of skies covered by cloud and its effects on aviation throughout the year.
European Multinational Enterprises in the Integration Process

The European integration process has recently become an issue of growing interest and controversy. For some it has been an encouraging example, for others it has been a source of dashed hopes. It is not difficult to find those who think that there is no such thing as the Common Market or, if there is one, that it is not of much consequence. Such a conclusion seems irresistible when we observe Europe’s struggle with agriculture, or its abortive attempts at monetary union, fiscal and legal harmonisation, or an energy policy. Increasingly, however, suspicions of un-Common Market behaviour have been directed at large industrial enterprises, and at governments which seem to be aiding and abetting them through innovation in non-tariff barriers and subsidies to compensate for the lowering of tariffs.1 For example, the effects of governments’ purchasing behaviour have been apparent in acting to restrain trade in areas of interest to large industrial enterprises. Much of the unease, though, seems to have centred on industrial enterprises themselves, and particularly those in highly concentrated sectors. The Third Competition Report of the EEC, for example, points to what appears to be an intriguing and disturbing negative correlation between concentration (the small number of firms in a given industry) and the degree of integration in terms of the effects on intra-EEC trade.2
Prevalence and Surgical Outcomes of Macular Hole in Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Purpose To report the prevalence and surgical outcomes of macular holes (MHs) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Interventional, retrospective, consecutive case series. Participants Patients with MH and concurrent non-neovascular (NNV) or neovascular (NV) AMD. Methods The records of 27 912 patients diagnosed with AMD between 2009 and 2014 at Associated Retinal Consultants were reviewed. Demographic data, visual acuity (VA), funduscopic examination, and optical coherence tomography were reviewed in those with a concurrent diagnosis of MH. Main Outcome Measures The VA and MH closure status. Results A total of 15 196 patients with NNV and 12 716 patients with NV AMD were identified. A total of 199 eyes (0.7%) had MHs (160 NNV [1.1%]; 39 NV [0.3%]). Mean time to diagnosis of MH after the initial visit was 11.2 months (7.1 NNV; 24.8 NV). A total of 127 eyes underwent surgical repair (106 NNV; 21 NV). The final closure rate in those who underwent vitrectomy was 89.8% (91.5% NNV; 81.0% NV) and 25.0% in those who were observed (18.5% NNV, P P = 0.02). Preoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution VAs in NNV and NV AMD was 0.8±0.4 and 0.8±0.5, respectively, and final VA was 0.6±0.5 ( P P = 0.52), respectively. Mean follow-up time was 5.0 years. Conclusions The prevalence of MH was higher in eyes with NNV AMD than in those with NV AMD. The surgical closure rate was comparable in both groups, but VA improvement reached statistical significance only in the NNV AMD group.
Efficient Ad-Hoc Graph Inference and Matching in Biological Databases

In many real applications such as bioinformatics and biological network analysis, it has always been an important, yet challenging, topic to accurately infer/reconstruct gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from microarray data, and efficiently identify those matching GRNs with similar interaction structures for potential disease analysis and treatment tasks. Motivated by this, in this paper, we formalize the problem of ad-hoc inference and matching over gene regulatory networks (IM-GRN), which deciphers ad-hoc GRN graph structures online from gene feature databases (without full GRN materializations), and retrieves the inferred GRNs that are subgraph-isomorphic to a query GRN graph with high confidences. Specifically, we propose a novel probabilistic score to measure the possible interaction between any two genes (inferred from gene feature vectors), and thus model GRNs by probabilistic graphs, containing edge existence probabilities. In order to efficiently process IM-GRN queries, we propose effective reduction, pruning, and embedding strategies to significantly reduce the search space of GRN inference and matching, without materializing all GRNs. We also present an effective indexing mechanism and an efficient IM-GRN query processing algorithm by the index traversal. Finally, extensive experiments have been conducted to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed IM-GRN query answering approaches over real/synthetic GRN data sets.
Evaluating Visual Information Provided by Audio Description.

Short segments of two TV programs without audio description (AD) were presented to 25 subjects with low vision and 24 subjects with normal vision, and 29 additional subjects heard only the standard...
Post myocardial infarction left ventricular pseudoaneurysm

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare yet serious and challenging complication of myocardial infarction that requires a high index of suspicion as the clinical presentation is highly variable. We present a case of post infarction thrombosed left ventricular pseudoaneurysm in a patient who presented with non-specific complaints months after the initial cardiac injury. Multimodality imaging helped in characterizing the pseudoaneurysm and planning for definite therapy.
Corrigendum: A Look at the Use of VIX Futures in Investment Portfolios: Buy-and-Hold versus Tactical Allocations

1. Travis L. Jones 1. is a professor of finance in the Lutgert College of Business at Florida Gulf Coast University in South Fort Myers, FL. (tljones{at}fgcu.edu) 1. To order reprints of this article, please contact Dewey Palmieri at dpalmieri{at}iijournals.com or 212-224-3675.
A social influence model for exploring double subjectivity through news frames in online news

The Internet is the premier platform for the proliferation of news. Online news is unstructured narrative text that embeds facts, frames, and bias that can influence society about critical issues. Online news sources are carriers of news that operate within complex and dynamic networks. The informational flows, interactions, and structural variations of online news lead to asymmetries and influence societal attitudes and beliefs. Current efforts to express the internal embeddedness in online news text are limited by the use of existing computational tools. This research has the potential to inform advanced machine learning and to help researchers to understand implicit structural embeddedness to address real-world critical issues. This paper establishes the new concept of double subjectivity, proposes a formal definition of a news frame issues network, and introduces a social influence model for the discovery of distinct pathways. The paper also exposes opinion shifts in complex networks for future computational treatment of narrative text.
Green's Function Coupled-Cluster Approach: Simulating Photoelectron Spectra for Realistic Molecular Systems.

In this paper, we present an efficient implementation for the analytical energy-dependent Green’s function coupled-cluster with singles and doubles (GFCCSD) approach with our first practice being computing spectral functions of realistic molecular systems. Because of its algebraic structure, the presented method is highly scalable and is capable of computing spectral function for a given molecular system in any energy region. Several typical examples have been given to demonstrate its capability of computing spectral functions not only in the valence band but also in the core-level energy region. Satellite peaks have been observed in the inner valence band and core-level energy region where a many-body effect becomes significant and the single particle picture of ionization often breaks down. The accuracy test has been carried out by extensively comparing the computed spectral functions by our GFCCSD method with experimental photoelectron spectra as well as the theoretical ionization potentials obtained f...
The CW-Homology Theorem

In this chapter we introduce singular homology, and we prove the CWHomology Theorem. The CW-Homology Theorem (Theorem 2.15) states that the singular homology H * (X,A; Λ) is isomorphic to the homology of the CWchain complex (C * (X, A; A), a), and it gives a formula for computing the boundary operator ∂ * in the CW-chain complex in terms of the degrees of the attaching maps. We also prove some basDic theorems from homotopy theory. In particular, we prove that if A C X is closed and the inclusion A ⊆ X is a cofibration, then Hk(X, A; Λ) Hk(X/A, *; Λ) for all k (Corollary 2.31).
Theoretical study of the H+O3↔OH+O2↔O+HO2 system

The key features of the H+O3 potential energy surface have been determined using ab initio quantum mechanical methods. The electronic wave function used is a multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock wave function which provides a qualitatively correct description of various reactive channels. It is found that the H+O3→HO+O2 reaction proceeds along a nonplanar pathway in which the H atom descends vertically to the plane containing the ozone molecule to form an HO3 intermediate which then undergoes fragmentation. No planar transition state for a direct O‐atom abstraction could be located. The radical–radical O+HO2 reaction was found to have no energy barrier to formation of HO3 which was determined to subsequently decompose to HO+O2. The H‐atom abstraction reaction O+HO2→OH+O2 was found to have a small activation energy. The dynamical implications of these findings are discussed. The results are consistent with the observed vibrational excitation of the OH product in the H+O3 reaction. The key features of the H+O3 p...
Reoperative Options in Failed Proximal Interphalangeal and Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis and Replacement

Revising previous arthroplasties done in either the metacarpophalangeal joint or the ­proximal interphalangeal joint can be technically very difficult. Frequently, the bone stock has been either resorbed or eroded, making potential reimplantation of new joint replacements quite challenging. Furthermore, the soft-tissue envelope is usually severely scarred, and there can be issues with tendon imbalance as well as ligamentous laxity. This combination of bone and soft-tissue factors sometimes precludes the ability to perform revision implant surgery. In these circumstances, arthrodesis can be of benefit; however, care needs to be taken to try and not unduly shorten the digit, which could lead to tendon imbalance. Ultimately, in some cases where there is such significant structural loss of the finger or where the finger has no functional usage, amputation can be considered. Ultimately, the patient needs to understand that the revision surgery is unlikely to yield improved motion but is done in order to try and help preserve hand function while reducing any pain or other symptoms that the patient may be having.
Molecular Mechanisms of Somatostatin Inhibition of Hormone Release from AtT-20 Cells

Somatostatin (SRIF), a tetradecapeptide initially isolated from the hypothalamus and characterized for its ability to inhibit the secretion of growth hormone, regulates the secretion of a variety of hormones from tissues including the pituitary, pancreas and intestine (1–4).
The Prose of Pushkin

When Vladimir Soloviev, in his famous article “The Role of Poetry in the Verses of Pushkin,” compared Pushkin to Byron and Mickiewicz and pointed out that “in some ways one may prefer” the two latter to the former, inasmuch as “Byron and Mickiewicz were more significant than he”—“Byron surpassed Pushkin by the intensity of his self-consciousness and self-assertion... Mickiewicz was greater than Pushkin in the depth of his religious feeling, the earnestness of his moral demands on personal and national life, the loftiness of his mystical conceptions and, above all, in his constant tendency to subordinate all personal and everyday things to that which he deemed absolutely imperative”—he supported by this comparison his fundamental view of Pushkin, namely, that “Pushkin remains a poet par excellence, a more genuine exponent of pure poetry than all the others.”1 The qualities of Byron and Mickiewicz, said Soloviev, “were such that they would have found expression one way or another, even if these two mighty men had not written a single line of poetry.” “And since they were, moreover, poets by the grace of God, and poets of genius, the dominant aspects of their personalities over and above their general significance naturally found expression also in their poetry....” But “Byron and Mickiewicz brought in a content which, significant though it was, was not however essential to poetry as such....”
Preparing Instructional Designers: Traditional and Emerging Perspectives

While official definitions and textbooks in the field reflect a conception of design in which little has changed in decades, there has been a growing awareness since the early 1990s that broader conceptions of design could benefit practice in instructional design. Preparations of instructional designers in college programs traditionally include the use of instructional design models and processes incorporating project work. Approaches based on studio design are recently emerging in some programs. Research on design practice and the effectiveness of design pedagogies in the field are called for.
Tombstone Towns and Toxic Prisons: Prison Ecology and the Necessity of an Anti-prison Environmental Movement

Within the field of green criminology, scant attention has been paid to prison ecology, or the unique characteristics of the common environments of correctional facilities. As investigative reports by human rights and prison abolition organizations have highlighted, there is growing evidence to suggest a systemic pattern of prisoners being exposed to environmental injustices resulting from their proximity to federal Superfund and other contaminated sites. One of the most expensive Superfund sites in the Midwest, the former Velsicol Chemical Corporation plant site in St. Louis, Michigan has been contaminated with DDT, PBB and pCBSA. Located one and a half miles from the site is one of the State’s largest correctional compounds- the Central Michigan and St. Louis Correctional facilities- which house more than 3500 prisoners who are disproportionately men of color. Despite multiple civil rights lawsuits filed by prisoners at the facility, little has been done to address the problems of water contamination at the prison. Furthermore, the failure of the Environmental Protection Agency to consider prisoners within federal environmental justice guidelines facilitates continued harm for this vulnerable population. Given the increasing revelations of toxic prisons across the U.S., it is necessary for environmentalists and green criminologists to work together with prison abolition organizations to fight the epidemic of toxic prisons.
Endoscopic closure of the eustachian tube.

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorhinorrhea can rarely complicate lateral skull base surgery, necessitating sealing of the eustachian tube. Patulous eustachian tube (pET) can also be an indication for closure of the eustachian tube. METHODS Representative cases and the technique will be described. RESULTS The authors describe a technique used in three cases of CSF otorhinorrhea and one case of pET to successfully close the eustachian tube. CONCLUSIONS Previous reports have described methods of eustachian tube closure utilizing nasal endoscopic techniques. These techniques have relied on packing of the orifice and/or the nasopharynx for successful closure. The authors describe their experience with an alternative technique. The technique does not rely on any packing, which may become dislodged. It has the added advantage of potential reversibility in cases of pET.
Helmholtz's critique of Goethe's Theory of Color: more than meets the eye.

Abstract After arriving at the University of Konigsberg in 1849, Hermann von Helmholtz started investigating the trichromatic hypothesis of color perception proposed by Thomas Young. Four years later in 1853, he was invited to lecture to the German Society and used the opportunity to criticize harshly Johann Goethe's Theory of Color published in 1810. Offending a revered member of the German society was an odd method of introducing the study of color to a learned audience, but the content and tone of the lecture suggested Helmholtz was more concerned about dispelling misconceptions of experimental science than in imparting knowledge on the nature of color. By 1860, Helmholtz's color-mixing experiments provided further evidence for the trichromatic hypothesis. Goethe's ideas about color resonated intuitively with generations of artists, but the imperviousness of his theory to experimental testing set it apart from the arena of science.
Neonatal Delivery and the Acutely Ill Neonate

The sick or crashing neonate is a stressful patient for any emergency provider. THE MISFITS mnemonic is a must-know heuristic for the potential causes of severe illness in patient under 28 days of age. The steps for the precipitous delivery of the newborn are a quick-glance guide to review prior to that EMS arrival. The newborn resuscitation medication flowcharts and the umbilical vein catheter (UVC) placement procedure checklist are some of the top “Quick Hits” in this book.
SIAMESE NETWORK WITH MULTI-LEVEL FEATURES FOR PATCH-BASED CHANGE DETECTION IN SATELLITE IMAGERY

We present a patch-based Siamese neural network for detecting structural changes in satellite imagery. The two channels of our Siamese network are based on the VGG16 architecture with shared weights and are used as feature extractors. Changes between the target and reference images are detected with a fully connected decision network trained on a large dataset of DIRSIG image chips. We experiment with features from different levels of the network to evaluate their combined effect on detection performance. We further incorporate bootstrapping in the training process to improve the network’s ability to classify difficult samples. Our results show that our method achieved very good results on change detection accuracy that were best when combining features from two layers.
Conserved Role for Biofilm Matrix Polysaccharides in Candida auris Drug Resistance.

ABSTRACT Candida auris has emerged as an outbreak pathogen associated with high mortality. Biofilm formation and linked drug resistance are common among Candida species. Drug sequestration by the biofilm matrix accounts for much of the antifungal tolerance. In this study, we examine the biofilm matrix composition and function for a diverse set of C. auris isolates. We show that matrix sequesters nearly 70% of the available triazole antifungal. Like the biofilms formed by other Candida spp., we find that the matrix of C. auris is rich in mannan-glucan polysaccharides and demonstrate that their hydrolysis reduces drug tolerance. This biofilm matrix resistance mechanism appears conserved among Candida species, including C. auris. IMPORTANCECandida auris is an emerging fungal threat linked to poor patient outcomes. The factors responsible for this apparent increase in pathogenicity remain largely unknown. Biofilm formation has been suggested as an important factor for persistence of this organism in patients and the environment. Our findings reveal one mechanism utilized by C. auris to evade the effect of triazole antifungal therapy during biofilm growth. The conservation of the protective biofilm matrix among Candida spp. suggests that is a promising pan-fungal Candida biofilm drug target.
Comic performativities: identity, internet outrage, and the aesthetics of communication

Recently, I received a funny text from one of my best friends, who works for a nonprofit that organizes and offers enrichment classes for adults. The text read, “OMG … scholars! How do you deal? I ...
Prescribing Exercise Programs

Publisher Summary Regular and individually prescribed exercise contributes to the reduction of the risk of coronary heart disease and favorably affects recovery from myocardial infarction and coronary bypass surgery. To ensure the appropriateness of the exercise regimen and increase the likelihood of patient compliance, an exercise prescription should accompany the physician's recommendation to the patient to increase his physical activity habits. The chapter focuses on the four factors that must be considered in the exercise prescription. The prescription should be formulated from a data base that includes a medical history, physical examination, laboratory studies, exercise stress test, and a recommended intensity level, duration, frequency, and type of exercise. The intensity level should be prescribed in metabolic equivalents and controlled by heart rate.
Bibliotherapy with children who have a sibling with a disability

ABSTRACTChildren who have a sibling with a disability face unique challenges and experiences throughout their lives. Because of the varied situations that are due to their sibling’s condition, these children may face emotions they are not able to articulate or which may lead to confusion. Bibliotherapy is an intervention that has been shown to help children identify and express their feelings, as well as identify ways to cope with these feelings. This study provides support for these identified benefits of bibliotherapy, and further demonstrates the needs that these children have to interact with peers in similar situations and to be given opportunities to safely and openly express their feelings to caring adults.
Forum 1: Migrant climate in the Kinocene

ABSTRACTIn this intervention, I put forward five short theses on the topic of ‘Anthropocene mobilities.’ My aim is not to unpack every concept contained herein but rather to provide a provocative i...
LOCALIZATION OF A DRIFTING UNDERWATER VEHICLE USING A TERRAIN-BASED PARTICLE FILTER

In this paper we present a terrain-aided particle ﬁlter to localize a freely drifting underwater vehicle. The vehicle is a bottom imaging Lagrangian ﬂoat used for habitat classiﬁcation, monitoring and ﬁsh abundance. During operation the vehicle captures down looking images at a controlled altitude above the bottom. Direct navigation information is often, but not always, recorded with a ultra short baseline (USBL) acoustic systsem. The presented methodology provides an al ternate method for georeferencing when USBL is unavailable. The implemented particle ﬁlter utilizes a background bathymetry map and visual odometry as a motion mode. The particle ﬁlter is implemented using the Robot Operating System (ROS) and Orocos Bayesian Filtering Library (BFL). The Grid Map package is used to store and retrieve the bathymetryic data. Results using data collected on ﬁeld deployments in the Hawaiian islands in 2018 show the method is able to eﬀectively utilize the terrain information and produce drift trajectories which closely match the recorded USBL data. Utilizing the method allows the ﬂoat system to be deployed with minimal ship-side support while still maintaining the georeferencing critical to the end use of the collected images.
Back to the Future of Cyber Insurance

Written for an insurance trade publication, this brief essay identifies five ways that insurers manage uncertainty in selling cyber insurance: (1) providing valuable services beyond risk transfer; (2) contract design, (3) rapid iteration of pricing and forms, (4) limits management and reinsurance, and (5) claims disputing. Cyber insurers provide easy-to-price loss prevention and mitigation services so that the value proposition includes more than the (difficult to price) risk transfer. Cyber insurers design their contracts to include narrowly defined categories of coverage, typically with separate limits and with claims-made coverage for liability risks, and traditional insurers design their contracts to limit exposure to cyber risks. Cyber insurers frequently update their policy forms and pricing in reaction to changes in the risk environment. Cyber insurers employ limits management and reinsurance as complementary strategies to mitigate the effect of changes in cyber risk that occur more rapidly than their pricing or forms can adapt to. Finally, claims disputing clarifies the meaning of insurance policies and, thus, the boundary of risk transfer in both cyber and traditional insurance policies.
“Listening In”: Improving the Science and Practice of Mentoring Through Naturalistic Observations of Mentor–Mentee Relationships

Theory and empirical evidence indicate that the quality of relationships between mentors and youth is critical to determining the effects that mentoring programs have on youth participants. However, studies of mentoring programs have relied almost exclusively on self-reports of the quality of the mentoring relationship. The goals of the current paper are to discuss the limitations of exclusively relying on self-reports to measure relationship quality, argue for the necessity of incorporating naturalistic observations into measurement, and propose a specific framework for naturalistic observation and rating of these relationships.
Increasing gaps between materials demand and materials recycling rates: A historical perspective for evolution of consumer products and waste quantities.

Abstract Advancements in product design towards increasingly more compact and efficient systems have created challenges for recycling and materials recovery due to lack of appropriate infrastructure and mechanisms for collection as well as lack of appropriate materials recovery mechanisms and processes for discarded consumer goods. During the period from 1960 to 2015, the world population has increased from about 3 billion to over 6 billion. During the same period, the municipal solid waste quantities have more than doubled globally (from 1.5 million tons/day in 1960 to 4.0 million tons/day in 2015). Due to relatively short use times, especially for high tech consumer products, the number of obsolete products and waste quantities have been increasing exponentially. The American Chemical Society has identified 44 of the 118 elements in the periodic table as endangered and to become extinct in their ore forms within the next 80 years. Nine elements are in serious threat of extinction in the next 100 years, 7 are in rising threat from increasing use elements, and 28 are in future risk of supply. Some elements used in high tech products and industrial applications (e.g., cordless power goods, LCD displays, wind turbines, magnets, rechargeable batteries, smartphones) have shown significant oscillations in their prices during the last decade. Price oscillations for some elements are likely to occur more frequently and with increasing amplitudes in the coming decades as their availability is jeopardized due to increasing demand as well as political and economic challenges for materials supply. Mechanisms for establishing effective waste management and recycling infrastructures for discarded products, similar to that of supply chain management, are needed for sustainable use and management of available material ores on Earth's crust that can support the infusion of technology and use in consumer products.
Intuition and Mathematical Idealism

Since Plato’s day, mathematicians have been continually attracted to the belief that the objects of their field—numbers, conceptual structures, geometric configurations in specific—should be thought of in idealistic terms as constituting a sense-inaccessible realm of ideal objects.
Successful Urine Multiplex Bead Assay to Measure Lupus Nephritis Activity

Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) confers a poor prognosis, mainly because of lack of effective laboratory tests to diagnose and to evaluate therapies. We have previously shown that a set of 6 urinary biomarkers (NGAL, KIM-1, MCP-1, adiponectin, hemopexin, and ceruloplasmin) are highly sensitive and specific to identify adult and pediatric patients with active LN using renal biopsy as reference standard. Using these combinatorial urinary biomarkers, the Renal Activity Score for Lupus (RAIL) score was established, with biomarkers measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To enhance clinical utility of the biomarkers and RAIL, we tested the performance of RAIL with biomarkers measured by ELISA to that of biomarkers measured by the bead multiplex method, hypothesizing that the multiplex bead method would be comparable. Methods Spot urine samples (n = 341) of 46 patients aged 20 to 73 years with or without LN were used. Samples were assayed both by ELISA and multiplex using LUMINEX. RAIL scores and biomarker quantities were assessed for agreement with intraassay correlation coefficients and compared using Bland−Altman and regression. Results Biomarker measurement by LUMINEX was successful for NGAL, KIM-1, MCP-1, and adiponectin, but not for ceruloplasmin and hemopexin. There was good agreement of the RAIL obtained from these 4 biomarkers, irrespective of assay method (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78−0.82). The RAIL scores from 4 biomarkers further correlated with those when considering all 6 biomarkers (ICC = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96−0.98). Conclusion The LUMINEX platform allows for the convenient and simultaneous measurement of 4 RAIL biomarkers. RAIL scores considering only these 4 biomarkers may be sufficient to accurately capture LN activity.
Analysis of Shoulder Driven Zone Formation in Friction Stir Welding Using Advanced Scroll Tool

The main objective of this work is to reveal the forming mechanism of the shoulder driven zone during scroll tool friction stir welding (FSW). Scroll tools are widely used in FSW as they offer extra advantages of eliminating the tilted tool axis that is usually employed during the process. Therefore, it is vital to understand the forming mechanism of the shoulder zone when using an advanced scroll tool, which is important for optimizing welding parameters, analyzing welding defects, and controlling microstructure and properties of welds. In this present study, a series of FSW of thick section 6061 Al-T6 and Cu-AstmB370 (Cu foil as tracer) trials was conducted. A novel marker-insert technique by placing the Cu foil outside the welding path was employed, and the zonal flow patterns were characterized via OM, SEM and EDS. For the first time, the material flow behavior and actual flow patterns in the shoulder zone were detected by observing the distribution of Cu foil fragments in the weld zone. It was found that the thickness of shoulder zone varies along the weld transverse cross section with the thicker portion on the advancing side than the retreating side. The flow pattern of the shoulder driven zone reveals that a simple layer-to-layer banded structure appeared in the bottom portion of shoulder driven zone, whereas a featureless flow pattern showed in the top portion of the shoulder zone. Accordingly, the forming mechanism of shoulder driven zone was revealed based on the identified flow patterns.
Impact of underlying malignancy on emergency department utilization and outcomes.

PURPOSE Cancer patients frequently utilize the emergency department (ED) for a variety of diagnoses both related to and unrelated to their cancer, yet ED outcomes for cancer patients are not well documented. This study sought to define risks and identify predictors for inpatient admission and hospital mortality among cancer patients presenting to the ED. PATIENTS AND METHODS We utilized the National Emergency Department Sample to identify patients with and without a diagnosis of cancer presenting to the ED between January 2016 and December 2018. We used multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models to assess the influence of cancer on outcomes of hospital admission after the ED visit and hospital mortality for the whole patient cohort and individual presenting diagnoses. RESULTS There were 340 million weighted ED visits, of which 8.3 million (2.3%) were associated with a cancer diagnosis. Compared to non-cancer patients, patients with cancer had an increased risk of inpatient admission (64.7% vs. 14.8%; p < 0.0001) and hospital mortality (4.6% vs. 0.5%; p < 0.0001). For each of the top 15 presenting diagnoses, cancer patients had increased risks of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] range 2.0-13.2) or death (OR range 2.1-14.4). Although our dataset does not contain reliable estimation of stage, cancer site was the most robust individual predictor associated with the risk of hospitalization or death compared to other clinical or system-related factors. CONCLUSIONS Cancer patients in the ED have high risks for hospital admission and death when compared to patients without cancer. Cancer patients represent a distinct population and may benefit from cancer-specific risk stratification or focused interventions to improve outcomes.
Key Elements of A Transparent Teflon® Microfluidic System

The development of high aspect ratio polymer (HARP) microstructures, 3-D microstereolithography, freestanding cantilevers of polymers, and a selective hermetic sealing are presented for a transparent fluoropolymer based microfluidic system. As the adhesion of microstructures is an important failure mechanism in surface micromachined devices, solving surface interface problems between the wall of microchannel and complex biofluid is a critical issue in bioMEMS. Fluoropolymers are not only inert to most solvents and chemicals, but also have low surface energy and high biocompatibility. These characteristics of fluoropolymers offer significant advantages for developing fast biofluidic analytic systems with micro-scale ‘labs on chip’ integration.
The Psychological Impact of Accidental Injury

Although much attention, in terms of clinical and research efforts, has been given to the psychological effects of various traumatic events, systematic study of trauma following accidents has been virtually ignored until recently. This omission is striking given that some of the earliest descriptions of what is now referred to as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were related to traumatic accidental injury. For instance, in 1871, Rigler described the effects of injuries caused by railroad accidents (e.g., passenger car derailments, train crashes), labeling the resultant outcome “compensation neurosis” (Trimble, 1985). This term captured the intermingled effects of having incurred a traumatic injury and the seeking of compensation (e.g., legal, medical, and financial) for such injuries. The possibility of malingering was recognized early on, particularly in the case of individuals seeking compensation for psychological distress (Trimble, 1985).
Secondary Liability for Intellectual Property Law Infringement in the International Arena: Framing the Dialogue

International agreements do not generally address issues of secondary liability for infringement of intellectual property law rights, and there is little international consensus on this topic, even among the major industrialized nations. National laws tend to vary considerably regarding the scope and extent of secondary liability, with U.S. tending to be more liberal with the imposition of such liability than most of its major trading partners. This lack of uniformity in secondary liability rules in the international arena makes the evaluation of infringement liability in that setting uncertain and makes it difficult for business to effectively plan international intellectual property strategies. Given the global nature of modern business activity, the time has come to open serious dialogue on the advisability of creating uniform international standards for secondary liability for infringement of intellectual property rights. Unfortunately, instead of focusing on the full panoply of situations in which secondary liability for intellectual property can occur, and the range of considerations that might affect imposition of such liability, such as notions of respondeat superior, intent, authorization, and control, the current debate has settled on the imposition of secondary liability in the peer-to-peer file-swapping arena. This narrow focus may well make it more difficult, if not impossible, to reach consensus on this important issue. By stepping back and reframing the issue in more general terms of secondary liability outside the digital environment, we can more easily contemplate important questions such as the pros and cons of imposing such liability, the situations in which such liability makes sense, and the manner in which we balance the rights of the public and goals of free trade and markets against the need to encourage innovation by protecting the rights of the innovators.
Critical Thinking in Geology and Archaeology: Interpreting Scanning Electron Microscope Images of a Lithic Tool

As co-instructors of an undergraduate course in Archaeological Geology, we have developed an in-class research project using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to analyze and interpret physical traces of stages in the history of a unique lithic artifact. This exercise requires preliminary instruction on percussion and pressure flaking, geological materials suited for chipped stone tool manufacture, contextual archaeological analysis, theory of electron microscope use, and post-depositional surface processes, particularly those creating natural wear due to wind or water abrasion. With this background, students acquired four images of surface and edge locations of the study artifact using the SEM. We asked students to write a description of the analytical technique, a compilation of their observations and analytical data, and an interpretation of the artifact's history. Although most students recognized that the artifact recorded multiple stages of manufacture and use, additional comparative images of w...
University-Community Partnership: Teaching Applied Social Psychology to Foster Engagement in Strategic Planning

In this article, we present a novel way to integrate psychological theories and research methods in an applied social psychology course as a means to foster engagement in a university-community partnership. We taught an advanced course on the application of social psychological theories and research methods to junior and senior undergraduates. Our goal was to use the course as a venue for a university-community partnership where a strategic plan was developed for the community. Lessons learned from the experience are summarized, and suggestions are provided for strengthening university-community partnerships to dispel the notion that institutions of higher learning are unresponsive to society's problems.
Sacred Spaces and Religious Traditions in Oriente Cuba

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jualynne E. Dodson Year: 2008 Pages: 216 Publisher: University of New Mexico Press ISBN: 978-0-8263-4353-6 (hard cover). Prices: $39.95 USD(hard cover).
27 Prevention of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure Due to Thromosis: Is there a Role for Thromboprophylaxis?

27 Prevention of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure Due to Thromosis: Is there a Role for Thromboprophylaxis?
Neutron Form Factors from a Study of Inelastic Electron Spectra in the Electrodisintegration of Deuterium

Measurements of the ratio of the total inelastic electron-deuteron cross section to the elastic electron-proton cross section have been made to an accuracy of about 3% for values of the square of the four-momentum transfer ${q}^{2}$ in the range 1.5 to 7.5 ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. These ratios have been analyzed in terms of the form factors of the neutron using the "area method," and it is concluded that the corrections necessary to the simple sum rule given by Jankus are approximately equal in magnitude to those encountered in the use of the more familiar "peak method." A detailed comparison has been made between the shapes of the observed inelastic electron-deuteron cross sections as a function of the scattered electron momentum and the shapes expected according to a theoretical treatment due to Durand.