cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complexity in Movement Disorders: A Systems Approach to Intervention

Too often overlooked, normal motor function is one of the most critical components of the human existence. The ability to move rests at the core of quality of life, due to the freedom that independent mobility offers. Despite its central role in everyday life, motor function is sometimes viewed as independent from and subsidiary to cognitive function (see [1]). As a result, there has been relatively less attention paid to the deficits in motor function that arise due to disease. However, a growing body of evidence points to movement disorders as being a central issue in a variety of neurological diseases and disorders, even ones that were considered as exclusively “mental” disorders in the past. In this chapter, we will explore a systems approach to motor dysfunction. The chapter is laid out in the following way. First, the chapter will briefly review the ubiquity of similar patterns of behaviour in physics and biology as an overarching framework. The ubiquity of findings across a wide range of complex systems forms the central theme of this chapter. I will also highlight similarities across findings in a broad range of areas of study that are often considered to be disparate fields of science.
A system for handling diverter ion and energy flux based on a lithium droplet cloud

A novel ion and energy absorption system is proposed for use with tokamak diverters. The key to its feasibility is to accelerate the liquid-lithium working material outside the magnetic field, then have it pass through the magnetic field as free droplets. This avoids any significant magnetohydrodynamic effect on the liquid-metal motion. Thermal, fluid flow, and vacuum parameters are evaluated, and it is indicated that they have considerable flexibility.
The convergence-fault mechanism for low-angle boundary formation in single-crystal castings

A set of nickel-based superalloy single-crystal investment castings was evaluated for crystal perfection. Defect structures near the seed emergence point and other geometric features were examined using X-ray topography. Topographic images were compared with metallographically observed dendritic structures to establish a convergence-fault criterion for the location of low-angle boundaries. To support the phenomenological description of low-angle boundary formation through convergence-faulting, a tip-growth model for simulation of the growth of the dendritic network was developed. This model predicts the local primary growth direction from among three possible [001] directions and identifies regions of convergent growth. A connectivity parameter is defined and used to map the locations where convergence-fault formation is most likely. Predictions are compared with experimental observation.
Psychological and Social Response to a Nuclear Terrorist Event

On March 28, 1979, Unit 2 at the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI) experienced a small break loss of coolant accident with severe core damage. The accident lead to the release to the environment of most of the core's inventory of xenon and krypton exposing the surrounding populous to low levels of radiation. By studying the public's response to the Three Mile Island Accident one may gain insight into and understanding of the psychological and social response to a nuclear terrorist event. The comparison between an RDD and the TMI accident response identifies a number of policy issues that in the author's view must be addressed
Nursing Faculty Experiences and Perceptions of Online Teaching: A Descriptive Summary

Abstract Online nursing education programs have grown exponentially, including RN to BSN completion program that associate degree nurses may pursue. This study was a qualitative descriptive summary of faculty perceptions and experiences of online teaching. Four themes emerged from the analysis: Technological Proficiency, Time, Relationships with Students, and Faculty Support/Resources. Narrative comments were provided to support these themes, as well as recommendations for further research and implications for nursing education.
On modeling heterogeneity in linear models using trend polynomials

Abstract The primary aim of the paper is to consider the problems and issues raised when the data exhibit time heterogeneity in the context of linear models. Ignoring time heterogeneity will undermine the reliability of inference and will give rise to untrustworthy evidence. Accounting for it using trend polynomials, however, is non-trivial because it raises several modeling issues. First, when the degree of the polynomial is greater than 4, or so, one needs to deal with the near-multicollinearity problem that arises. The second issue pertains to the type of polynomial that will adequately account for the time heterogeneity. Third, when the trend polynomials are treated as additional regressors, they will give rise to highly misleading statistical results. The paper investigates how different types of polynomials could deal with the near-multicollinearity and the modeling issues they raise, and makes recommendations to practitioners.
Effects of biophilic design on consumer responses in the lodging industry

Abstract Biophilic design encourages the use of natural systems and processes in the design of the built environment. By introducing biophilic elements to a hotel’s physical environment, a guest’s need for connection with nature may be fulfilled. There is a lack of studies on the effect of biophilic design in the lodging industry. The purpose of this study is to examine whether implementing biophilic design enhances guest emotional responses, perceived quality, and behavioral intentions in the context of hotels. Using the scenario-based experiment, the findings of this study have revealed that biophilic designs elicited stronger positive emotional and behavioral responses than the standard design. In addition, customers perceived hotels that had biophilic designs as being superior in quality. While stakeholders within the lodging industry continue to plan, build, change, and control a hotel’s atmospheric design, this study shows hoteliers some of the direct links between biophilic designs and guest responses.
Development of a novel continuous dense gas process for the production of residual solvent-free self-assembled nano-carriers

Abstract A continuous dense gas process has been developed based on the principles of process intensification. The continuous process is designed for the production of self-assembled nano-carriers for pharmaceutical applications such as liposomes, polymersomes, and micelles. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is being used during the dense gas process. The dense gas CO 2 process is regarded as a green technology since the process does not generate CO 2 as a product, but uses the existing CO 2 from the environment for the process. Removal of residual solvent is a key aspect of pharmaceutical formulation and an effective single-step process to achieve that endpoint has been demonstrated. Ethanol and dichloromethane were investigated as residual organic solvents to be removed by CO 2 . Dichloromethane was eliminated to a level undetectable by gas chromatography, while ethanol content was reduced down to 1.70 wt % with an extraction efficiency of 95.7 %. The average hydrodynamic diameter of polymersomes produced by the continuous process was 300 ± 10 nm. The present study provides a basic platform for up-scaling the production of self-assembled nano-carriers.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Management: All or Nothing, or Something in between?

Standard treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is similar to that of invasive carcinoma. However, there is significant controversy regarding the true clinical implications of DCIS, and thus, the best management strategy. The aim of this review is to highlight relevant biology, diagnostic considerations, treatment options, and recent clinical trials. Outcomes are generally excellent with low recurrence rates and exceptional disease-specific survival. Outcomes can be predicted using various prognostic indicators and/or nomograms to guide treatment decisions. Ongoing clinical trials of active surveillance are based upon the argument that ipsilateral invasive recurrence is the most clinically meaningful endpoint. These trials seek to compare ipsilateral invasive cancer diagnoses between standard of care and close monitoring. Recent trials have revealed the marked heterogeneity in the biology of DCIS, offering an opportunity to de-escalate therapy for women at lowest risk for progression. DCIS also presents an ideal setting in which to test novel prevention agents. Future care of patients with DCIS will include biomarker-based risk assessment in order to better individualize treatment to biologic risk of invasive progression.
Varied phenotypes and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-Associated neuropathies

Objective To describe the spectrum, clinical course, and management of neuropathies associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods Patients with ICI-related neuropathy (irNeuropathy) were identified and their clinical characteristics compared to neuropathy attributed to cytotoxic agents. Results We identified 19 patients with irNeuropathies. ICIs included anti-programmed death–1 (PD1), 9; anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4), 2; and combination of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1, 8. Median number of ICI doses prior to neuropathy onset was 4. Rate of neuropathies following ICI therapy was 0.7%. Underlying malignancies included melanoma (n = 15), lung adenocarcinoma (n = 3), and cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1). Neuropathy phenotypes were cranial neuropathies with or without meningitis (n = 7), nonlength-dependent polyradiculoneuropathies with and without cranial nerve involvement (n = 6), small-fiber/autonomic neuropathy (n = 2), ANCA-associated mononeuritis multiplex (n = 1), sensory neuronopathy (n = 1), length-dependent sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy (n = 1), and neuralgic amyotrophy (n = 1). Immune-related adverse events involving other organ systems were common (58%). Corticosteroid use for management of neuropathy was associated with improvement in median modified Rankin Scale score (1 vs 0, p = 0.001) and Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment Disability score (2 vs 0.5, p = 0.012) (Class IV). Significantly higher proportion of irNeuropathies had acute or subacute and nonlength-dependent presentations (p Conclusion Neuropathy is a rare complication of ICIs that often responds to immunosuppression. Recognition of its wide phenotypic spectrum and distinct clinical characteristics and prompt management with corticosteroids may lead to favorable outcomes.
Cloud Influence on ERA5 and AMPS Surface Downwelling Longwave Radiation Biases in West Antarctica

AbstractThe surface downwelling longwave radiation component (LW↓) is crucial for the determination of the surface energy budget and has significant implications for the resilience of ice surfaces ...
Syndemic theory, structural violence and HIV among African-Americans.

Purpose of review This paper will review recent use of syndemic frameworks in HIV research among African-Americans. Recent findings Researchers have used syndemic theory in diverse African-American study populations, including MSM, cis-women, trans-women, heterosexual men and adolescents. These studies have evaluated the associations between syndemic conditions and a variety of outcomes, such as sexual behaviours, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, HIV testing, adherence to antiretroviral therapy, HIV suppression and preexposure prophylaxis use. The most frequently evaluated syndemic conditions have been depression, substance use and personal experience of abuse or violence; a few studies have included experience of incarceration and unstable housing. Summary These studies have yielded valuable insights into links between HIV-related outcomes and mental health, experience of violence and abuse, and substance use. But a key feature - and major utility - of the syndemics framework is its potential for examining not only synergistic individual-level risk factors but also the interactions with economic, political and social systems that influence these individual-level factors and thereby shape the HIV epidemic among African-Americans. Research that takes these systems into account is needed to inform policy changes that can help end the HIV epidemic in this population.
Sources Cited in the Journal of Research in Music Education: 1953 to 2015:

The Journal of Research in Music Education (JRME) is the longest running serial dedicated to music education research, and its articles are widely considered exemplars in the field worldwide. This ...
Impact of Excess Weight Gain on Risk of Postpartum Infection in Class III Obesity.

Objective To assess the impact of gestational weight gain >20 pounds (more than Institute of Medicine [IOM] recommendations) on postpartum infectious morbidity in women with class III obesity. Methods This is a retrospective cohort of term, nonanomalous singleton pregnancies with body mass index ≥40 at a single institution from 2013 to 2017. Pregnancies with multiple gestation, late entry to care, and missing weight gain data are excluded. Primary outcome is a composite of postpartum infection (endometritis, urinary tract, respiratory, and wound infection). Secondary outcomes include components of composite, wound complication, readmission, and blood transfusion. Bivariate statistics compared demographics, pregnancy complications, and delivery characteristics of women exceeding IOM guidelines (GT20) with those who did not (LT20). Regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds of outcomes. Results Of 374 women, 144 (39%) gained GT20 and 230 (62%) gained LT20. Primiparous, nonsmokers more likely gained GT20 ( p < 0.05). No significant difference in other demographics. Among women who gained GT20, 10.4% had postpartum infectious morbidity compared with 3.0% in LT20 ( p < 0.01). Wound infection is more common in the GT20 group (7.6 vs. 2%, p = 0.02). After adjustment, women who gained GT20 had threefold higher odds of postpartum infectious morbidity (adjusted odds ratio: 3.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 8.60). Conclusion Women with class III obesity who gain more than the IOM recommends are at increased risk for postpartum infectious morbidity.
Evaluation of cardiac function in the recipient twin in successfully treated twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome using a novel fetal speckle-tracking analysis.

Introduction This study was designed to evaluate ventricular size, shape, and function in recipient twins following laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), using novel speckle-tracking techniques. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients that underwent fetal laser surgery for TTTS and had fetal echocardiograms (FE) performed pre- and post-operatively (op), with adequate resolution in the 4-chamber view for analysis, using a speckle-tracking software, to compute the size, shape, and function of both the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles. Values were indexed to published normal values. Pre- and post-laser Z-score values for each of the measurements were compared using the Student's t-test, with significance defined as P Results Fifteen TTTS candidate pregnancies that underwent laser therapy between 2010 and 2017, with adequate pre- and post-op FE, were selected for the analysis. Post-op FE at 28.5 ± 8.3 days showed a significant decrease in RV base dimension, increased LV base dimension, and improvements in many functional measurements: LV global and free wall strain, LV fractional area change, LV basal-apical fractional change, and LV and RV 24-segment fractional shortening (FS) of the basal segments. Conclusions Cardiac remodeling, following laser surgery in TTTS recipient twins, was demonstrated in the basal portion of both the RV and LV with improved biventricular function.
Traveling Wave GaAs/AlGaAs Electro-optic Modulators Directly Grown on Silicon

Traveling wave GaAs/AlGaAs modulators in epilayers directly grown on silicon are reported. Electrode is a loaded microstrip line shielding microwave fields from silicon substrate. Modulation bandwidth is 18.5 GHz with 1.5V-cm Vπ-L product.
Infusing Computing Identity into Introductory Engineering Instruction

In this work in progress/innovative practice paper, we describe our efforts to integrate introductory computer science pedagogical methods into an engineering fundamentals context. Our multidisciplinary team is addressing the problem of perceived value and applicability of programming for first-year engineering students. These students tend to be unaware of the importance of programming skills for practicing engineers within industry, and consequently display low interest in programming. We are working to address this perception problem through interventions in the engineering fundamentals classroom.Our interventions have three objectives: establish awareness of how programming skills can be generalized beyond the introductory classroom, incorporate targeted activities for algorithmic thinking, and demonstrate the practical applications of programming skills. Similar interventions are part of the introductory experience for our computer science students; our goal here is to tailor the interventions to an introductory engineering context. Our goal is for students to recognize computing as part of the career and identity of an engineer.
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Netarsudil in Combination with Other Ocular Hypotensive Agents.

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of netarsudil in combination with other ocular hypotensive agents in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). Design Retrospective cohort study. Participants All patients with OAG or OHT with netarsudil added to a regimen of at least 1 other ocular hypotensive agent between March 2018 and March 2019. Methods Subjects with at least 2 baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements on the same medication regimen before initiation of netarsudil were included. Subjects were excluded if they experienced other changes in their ocular hypotensive medication regimen. Main Outcome Measures Change in IOP after initiation of netarsudil was assessed using linear mixed-effect models. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the time to discontinuation of netarsudil for any reason. Results Netarsudil was prescribed for 191 eyes of 138 patients. All of these subjects were included in the analysis of adverse effects. Twelve subjects discontinued netarsudil before the first follow-up visit because of adverse effects, leaving 175 eyes of 126 patients with at least 1 follow-up visit while using netarsudil included in the effectiveness analysis. The mean baseline IOP ± standard deviation was 17.1 ± 5.2 mmHg on a median of 2 ocular hypotensive medications. Including all observations on the same medication regimen after the addition of netarsudil, the mean IOP was 15.0 ± 4.5 mmHg, with a mean reduction of 2.2 mmHg (P Conclusions This study demonstrates a modest reduction in IOP is achievable with netarsudil in patients with OAG or OHT who are taking as many as 4 ocular hypotensive medications. The incidence of discontinuation due to adverse effects or inadequate efficacy was high. Supplemental material available at www.aaojournal.org .
Development of a Novel Framework for Hazardous Materials Placard Recognition System to Conduct Commodity Flow Studies Using Artificial Intelligence AlexNet Convolutional Neural Network

Conducting hazardous materials (HAZMAT) commodity flow studies (CFS) is crucial for emergency management agencies. Identifying the types and amounts of hazardous materials being transported through...
Utilizing a faculty-led student assessment team to evaluate international interprofessional service learning opportunities.

Abstract Introduction Globalization, combined with health professional students increasingly seeking international interprofessional service learning (IISL) experiences, presents new challenges and opportunities for faculty establishing these programs. This paper describes the novel process of utilizing a faculty-led team of health professions graduate students to evaluate IISL opportunities with an international partner. Methods An interprofessional task force recruited student volunteers to travel abroad for the purpose of evaluating the potential learning opportunities at an international site. Faculty and students utilized an assessment tool adapted from the University of Minnesota's “Health and Safety Site Visit Checklist” to evaluate various aspects of the site. Findings were compiled, and students developed a program-specific list of potential collaborative opportunities with a corresponding evaluation of the value and feasibility of these learning experiences. Results Five students representing the schools of pharmacy, physical therapy, and physician assistant studies were accompanied by two faculty task force members. Compilation of faculty and student assessments revealed general congruence between both evaluation findings and subsequent recommendations for collaboration. There was an expected difference in the focus of faculty and student observations, though all evaluators were in agreement regarding the potential to develop a seven to 10 day IISL experience at the site. Overall, students provided positive feedback regarding their experience as part of the site evaluation team. Conclusions Incorporating students as part of the site evaluation process is a valuable and effective method for assessing the logistical and educational characteristics of an IISL experience when developing a relationship with an international partner.
Emerging Consensus on ‘Ethical AI’: Human Rights Critique of Stakeholder Guidelines

Voluntary guidelines on ‘ethical practices’ have been the response by stakeholders to address the growing concern over harmful social consequences of artificial intelligence and digital technologies. Issued by dozens of actors from industry, government and professional associations, the guidelines are creating a consensus on core standards and principles for ethical design, development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Using human rights principles (equality, participation and accountability) and attention to the right to privacy, this paper reviews 15 guidelines preselected to be strongest on human rights, and on global health. We find about half of these ground their guidelines in international human rights law and incorporate the key principles; even these could go further, especially in suggesting ways to operationalize them. Those that adopt the ethics framework are particularly weak in laying out standards for accountability, often focusing on ‘transparency’, and remaining silent on enforceability and participation which would effectively protect the social good. These guidelines mention human rights as a rhetorical device to obscure the absence of enforceable standards and accountability measures, and give their attention to the single right to privacy. These ‘ethics’ guidelines, disproportionately from corporations and other interest groups, are also weak on addressing inequalities and discrimination. We argue that voluntary guidelines are creating a set of de facto norms and re‐interpretation of the term ‘human rights’ for what would be considered ‘ethical’ practice in the field. This exposes an urgent need for action by governments and civil society to develop more rigorous standards and regulatory measures, grounded in international human rights frameworks, capable of holding Big Tech and other powerful actors to account.
A New Family of HEAT-Like Repeat Proteins Lacking a Critical Substrate Recognition Motif Present in Related DNA Glycosylases

DNA glycosylases are important repair enzymes that eliminate a diverse array of aberrant nucleobases from the genomes of all organisms. Individual bacterial species often contain multiple paralogs of a particular glycosylase, yet the molecular and functional distinctions between these paralogs are not well understood. The recently discovered HEAT-like repeat (HLR) DNA glycosylases are distributed across all domains of life and are distinct in their specificity for cationic alkylpurines and mechanism of damage recognition. Here, we describe a number of phylogenetically diverse bacterial species with two orthologs of the HLR DNA glycosylase AlkD. One ortholog, which we designate AlkD2, is substantially less conserved. The crystal structure of Streptococcus mutans AlkD2 is remarkably similar to AlkD but lacks the only helix present in AlkD that penetrates the DNA minor groove. We show that AlkD2 possesses only weak DNA binding affinity and lacks alkylpurine excision activity. Mutational analysis of residues along this DNA binding helix in AlkD substantially reduced binding affinity for damaged DNA, for the first time revealing the importance of this structural motif for damage recognition by HLR glycosylases.
Chapter 85 – Ekbom Syndrome

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Ekbom syndrome, which is the clinical term for the condition commonly known as delusory parasitosis, characterized by the conviction that one's body is infested with insects or mites in spite of no evidence thereof. Individuals suffering from this condition typically contact entomologists for identification of the presumed insects on them, presenting samples of skin material, hair, lint, and other debris for examination. One of the primary symptoms of Ekbom Syndrome is formication, which is the sensation of insects (specifically ants) crawling on the skin. Unfortunately, this symptom is a common side effect of recreational drug use, particularly methamphetamines and cocaine. In popular press, these phenomena are designated meth mites and crack bugs, respectively. Ekbom syndrome is a diagnosis based on exclusion. If no arthropod can be determined to be causing the symptoms, likely the cause is psychological.
Epidemiology of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) arises from squamous epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces in the oropharynx. This region includes the middle segment of the pharynx, that is, the base of the tongue, soft palate, tonsils, and side and back walls of the throat. The majority of OPSCC cases (~62 %) in the United States are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. HPV not only causes OPSCC, but cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, penile, and laryngeal cancers, genital warts, and respiratory papillomas. There is no cure for HPV, although prophylactic vaccination is available, safe, and highly effective if the three injection series is completed prior to infection. As a result of widespread vaccination of both males and females, the frequency of HPV-induced tumors is expected to decrease significantly. However, in the United States, HPV vaccination is not widespread; only ~57 % of girls ages 13–17 and ~35 % of teen boys have been vaccinated with at least one injection. In developing countries, such as Rwanda with government-implemented, school-based HPV vaccination, three-dose vaccination completion rates exceed 90 %. This chapter reviews the biology, prevalence, and transmission of HPV infection, the incidence, risk factors for and features of HPV-associated OPSCC, and strategies for preventing HPV infection and HPV-associated cancers.
14C-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the ground squirrel brain during entrance to and arousal from hibernation

Neuronal activity underlying various phases of the mammalian hibernation cycle was investigated using the 14C-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method. Relative 2DG uptake (R2DGU) values were computed for 96 brain regions across 7 phases of the hibernation cycle: euthermia, 3 body temperature (Tb) intervals during entrance into hibernation, stable deep hibernation, and 2 Tb intervals during arousal from hibernation. Multivariate statistical techniques were employed to identify objectively groups of brain regions whose R2DGU values showed a similar pattern across all phases of hibernation. Factor analysis revealed that most of the variability in R2DGU values for the 96 brain regions across the entire cycle could be accounted for by 3 principal factors. These factors could accurately discriminate the various phases of hibernation on the basis of the R2DGU values alone. Three hypothalamic and 3 cortical regions were identified as possibly mediating the entrance into hibernation because they underwent a change in R2DGU early in entrance into hibernation and loaded strongly on one of the principal factors. Another 4 hypothalamic regions were similarly identified as possibly causally involved in the arousal from hibernation. These results, coupled with characteristic changes in ordinal rank of the 96 brain regions in each phase of hibernation, support the concept that mammalian hibernation is an active, integrated orchestration of neurophysiological events rather than a state entered through a passive process.
Content and laboratories of a computing science course for non-majors in the 21st Century

The field of computer science evolves very quickly, and courses in computer science must evolve to keep up. Our Villanova University computer science courses for non-computer majors teach the theory of computer science and illustrate this theory through a set of laboratories. One of these courses, Fundamentals of Computing Systems, has been re-examined. While the labs for this course have kept up with changes in operating systems and textbooks, necessary revisions to the set of lectures and laboratories must continue to be made to ensure that the course is meeting the students' needs.
Price Expectations and Actual Price Behavior in Germany (Allemagne: anticipations et évolution effective des prix) (Expectativas y comportamiento real de los precios en Alemania)

THE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS in this paper of the factors underlying the recent acceleration of price inflation in Germany was made in order to see whether price expectations give a satisfactory explanation of recent price behavior in Germany. Specifically, the hypothesis is tested that price expectations exercise at least a partially independent influence on actual price behavior. The paper differs from earlier analyses in that it uses a method for quantifying price survey results to derive an explicit time series of price expectations. Section I describes the method used and shows the derived series of expected price increases. Section II tests several expectations hypotheses, and Section III presents an assessment of the influence of price expectations on actual price behavior in the recent past. Some conclusions are set out in Section IV. The pace of price inflation in Germany has recently accelerated strongly. In the case of industrial producer prices, the acceleration began with the first signs of a new upswing in the beginning of 1972. In earlier business cycles industrial producer prices showed a distinct pattern of at least slow rises, if not declines, during the downswing and even after the lowest point of the cycle was reached. Chart 1 shows the development of industrial producer prices during the cyclical downswings and at the beginning of upswings for the past three cycles. While the increase of the index of industrial producer prices during the downswing of the earlier two cycles, which lasted for over two years, amounted to about 2 per
Plagiarism in Lawyers' Advocacy: Imposing Discipline for Conduct Prejudicial to the Administration of Justice

In a recent high-profile prosecution, the federal district court criticized defense counsel for filing a post-trial brief that copied passages from previously published material without attribution. The court followed other recent decisions that, since about 2000, have chastised lawyers for briefs marked by plagiarism. Some lawyers had copied passages from earlier judicial opinions that rest in the public domain, and some lawyers (as in the recent prosecution) had copied passages from private sources that are subject to the copyright laws. In either event, courts have labeled lawyers’ plagiarism “reprehensible,” “intolerable,” “completely unacceptable,” and “unprofessional.”The courts have found or intimated that counsel’s plagiarized submissions violated Rule 8.4(c) of the ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct, which states that it is professional misconduct for a lawyer to “engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation.” Perhaps because Model Rule 8.4(c)’s four proscriptions normally seem such natural fits, courts finding plagiarism have not yet explored application of Model Rule 8.4(d), which reaches lawyers who “engage in conduct that is prejudicial to the administration of justice.” Grounding professional discipline in both provisions would not be redundant because under the ABA Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions, a single act may violate more than one ethical duty and multiple violations would be relevant to the sanction imposed.Lawyers’ plagiarism in briefs and other filings violates Model Rule 8.4(d) as conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice because this plagiarism creates a risk that the court’s written opinion itself will inadvertently plagiarize. A lawyer’s plagiarism can also distort the meaning and import of parties’ adversary argument by inducing the court to mistake the copied passages as products of the lawyer’s own thought processes, rather than as an uncompensated non-party’s analysis presumably helpful to the proponent.
The degenerate thermal rearrangement of 3,3-difluoromethylenecyclobutane. The effect of gem-difluoro substituents on cyclobutane bond strength

Abstract A study of the thermal degenerate rearrangement of 3,3-difluoro-1-(dideuteriomethylene)cyclobutane indicated that the geminal CF2 group gives rise to a 5.5 kcal/mole strengthening of the C2C3 bond.
Does Classical Music Relieve Math Anxiety? Role of Tempo on Price Computation Avoidance

Marketers often do not present prices in ways that permit easy comparisons or calculations. For many consumers, situations that involve numbers and computations lead to math anxiety. Results of three studies show that math-anxious consumers tend to avoid alternatives that require price computations. Interestingly, such consumers find relief from math anxiety when slow tempo classical music plays in the background. However, in the absence of background music or when the tempo of such music is fast, those with high math anxiety exhibited a heightened avoidance of choices requiring price computations.
Emergency imaging of perineal pathology

The purpose of this paper is to review the anatomy of the perineum and to demonstrate the clinical presentation and imaging findings of perineal trauma likely to present in the acute care setting.
John Forbes Nash Jr. (1928–2015)

On 23 May, John Nash and his wife Alicia were killed in a car accident in New Jersey. This tragedy came just after he received, at age 86, yet another distinguished award. John's contributions were in pure mathematics and game theory, which continues to influence the behavioral sciences. His achievements were remarkable, especially given his constant battle with mental illness.
An Ada targeted real-time support peripheral for embedded computer applications

Direct support of Ada is the goal of the Ada real-time support chip, ARTSC. The ARTSC description, software interface, and design trade-offs are presented. The ARTSC provides an embedded computer with timing and interrupt resources necessary for a real-time Ada tasking executive. The ARTSC is a memory-mapped peripheral with each internal register corresponding to a standard Ada data format, i.e. Ada type. The typing of the ARTSC registers allows internal information to be accessed with a single Ada assignment statement. The resulting control software provides increased performance and savings to all phases of the software life-cycle. The ARTSC resources include a 32-b timer, two 16-b timers, an interrupt controller, DMAC, reset logic, and discrete input/output. >
Intelligent activity detection techniques for advanced HD video surveillance systems

Video surveillance systems are becoming increasingly popular due to the emergence of high-speed wireless Internet (such as WiMax and LTE), bandwidth-efficient video compression schemes (such as H.264), and low-cost (and high-resolution) IP video cameras. This paper presents two applications of an advanced surveillance system, specifically in suspicious activity detection and human fall detection, for both indoor and outdoor environments. The implemented prototype captures and analyzes live high-definition (HD) video that is streamed from a remote camera. We will show that by combining the strengths of ellipse modeling and shadow removal, and other novel algorithms, the false alarms in the detection can be significantly reduced.
Catheter-Induced Intra-Hisian and Intrafascicular Block During Recording of His Bundle Electrograms

Mechanical injury of the atrioventricular (A-V) node, His bundle, and right bundle branch is a potential complication of His bundle recording. In the presence of left bundle branch block, catheter-induced injury of the right bundle branch may cause prolongation of A-V conduction time or even complete A-V block. Two cases are reported in which catheter-induced transient high grade Mobitz II A-V block, acute reversible prolongation of infranodal conduction time with probable intra-Hisian conduction delay, and persistent (6 hours duration) complete A-V block occurred in patients with left bundle branch block. The observations made indicate that A-V conduction times and the appearance of "split His" potentials may be influenced by the recording catheter itself, and suggest that the operators be prepared to institute immediate right ventricular pacing when His bundle recordings are obtained in patients with left bundle branch block.
Laser phase conversion using continuous distributed phase plates

Energy-efficient laser phase conversion, using fully continuous distributed phase plates, has been achieved for solid-state laser drivers in ICF. Optical lithography has been demonstrated to be an excellent means of generating deep, continuous surface-relief structures in photosensitive materials that subsequently are replicated with embossing or etching techniques. In addition, the method of simulated annealing has been shown to be a superior technique for designing continuous phase plates to control the focal-plane profile.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Large strain analysis of an inflating membrane

Abstract This paper describes a numerical method for computing stresses and deformation, using the finite element, in a thin sheet under hydro-static pressure. Due to the complexity of the finite strain theory in formulation, the analysis is restricted to the membrane shell theory with axisymmetric deformation. The Lagrangian description of motion referred to a set of convected coordinates is used in the formulation. A computer program based upon the modified tangent stiffness method, which also verifies the equilibrium conditions has been written. We first applied it to a nonlinear elastic membrane deformed under pressure inflated to a stretch ratio greater than five. The computed results check with those in the literature. Further computation has been made for the stresses and deformation of metal sheets under hydro-static bulge pressure. For treating the inflation after the occurrence of instability, an alternate formulation to increase the volume enclosed by the shell instead of pressure is included in the present increment solution procedure.
Optical characterization of compound semiconductor alloys

A review is presented of the optical measurement techniques as they have been applied to the characterization of III–V compounds and alloys. The methods discussed and the more detailed examples cited are: absorption (AIP, Ga1−xAlxP), reflectance, cathodoluminescence (Ga1−xAlxAs), photoluminescence (GaAs1−yPy), electroluminescence (time-decay of Ga1−xAlxAs EL), and automated photoluminescence materials screening (GaAs1−yPy).
Don't cache out: What to do when the server isn't there

This article discusses methods for retrieving information from dead or unavailable Web servers. It describes using the Google search engine cache and the Wayback Machine as possible means of recovering data that would otherwise be lost after a Web server or Web site is no longer online.
Synthesis of a coumarin based fluorescent amino acid

l-2-amino-3-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-coumaryl)-propionic acid (l-Adp), as a non-proteinogenic fluorescent amino acid has been synthesized by a highly stereoselective routine (>99.5%). This fluorescent amino acid, as fluorophorequencher pair, may be used to study peptide assays. For enantiomeric excess determination, the racemicdl-Adp (dl-2-amino-3-(6,7-dimethoxy-4-coumaryl)-propionic acid) has also been synthesized.
Antigen-induced exclusion from follicles and anergy are separate and complementary processes that influence peripheral B cell fate.

Abstract Anergic self-reactive B cells competing within a polyclonal B cell repertoire fail to migrate into primary follicles and die after 1–3 days residence in T cell zones. Transfer of anergic HEL-specific B cells to recipients lacking HEL autoantigen and continuous bromodeoxyuridine labeling in mixed bone marrow chimeras confirms that follicular exclusion and cell death in 1–3 days is not an intrinsic characteristic of anergic cells but results from competition with B cells bearing other specificities together with continued binding of autoantigen. When naive (nontolerant) HEL-specific B cells were transferred into mice expressing HEL autoantigen, they were also excluded from follicles and their lifespan was dramatically shortened, although they became activated to express CD86 (B7-2/B70). In the presence of helper T cells, activated B cells but not anergic B cells were rescued from death and formed large extrafollicular foci of autoantibody-secreting cells. Antigen-induced exclusion from follicles is therefore an independent process from energy that prevents self-reactive B cells from recirculating in the long-lived repertoire and may foster interactions with T cells during immune responses. By contrast, anergy prevents self-reactive B cells from collaborating with helper T cells and secreting autoantibody while trapped in the T zone.
Exploring macro- and microlevel connectivity of the urea phase in slabstock flexible polyurethane foam formulations using lithium chloride as a probe

Abstract Urea phase connectivity has been probed by systematically varying the hard segment content, and lithium chloride content, in a series of plaques based on slabstock flexible polyurethane foams. The plaque formulations are identical to those of slabstock polyurethane foams with the exception that a surfactant is not utilized. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to demonstrate that all materials investigated are microphase separated with similar interdomain spacings, irrespective of hard segment content (21–37 wt%) or LiCl content. Several complimentary characterization techniques are employed to reveal that urea phase connectivity is present at different length scales. Macrolevel connectivity, or connectivity of the large-scale urea rich aggregates typically observed in flexible slabstock polyurethane foams, is probed using SAXS, TEM, and atomic force microscopy. These techniques collectively show that the urea aggregation increases as the hard segment content is increased. Incorporation of LiCl is shown to systematically reduce the urea aggregation behavior, thus leading to a loss in the macroconnectivity of the urea phase. Wide angle X-ray scattering is used to probe the regularity in segmental packing, or the microlevel connectivity between the hard segments, which is observed to decrease systematically on addition of LiCl. The loss in microlevel connectivity is suggested to increase chain slippage, and leads to increased rates of stress-relaxation for the samples containing LiCl. Materials containing LiCl also display relatively short rubbery plateaus as compared to their counterparts which do not contain the additive. Modulus values, as obtained at ambient conditions by stress-strain analyses, are found to be a stronger function of LiCl content when the hard segment content is higher.
The solubility of hydrogen, deuterium and tritium in liquid lead-lithium alloys

Abstract The solubility of H2, D2 and T2 in liquid Pb-Li alloys was calculated, as a function of composition and temperature, using the thermodynamic data of the binary systems. In the 17 at% Li alloy, at 600 K the D2 solubility is log K = −4.20 ± 0.076, K in appm. torr− 1 2 , that of H2 is −4.125 ± 0.076, and that of T2 is −4.244 ± 0.076. The calculated values give a much lower solubility than the experimental data. A ternary H-Li-Pb interaction term must be postulated to get agreement between experimental and calculated results.
A New Class of Semiconducting Polymers for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Exceptionally High Performance

Solar cells based on the polymer−fullerene bulk heterojunction (BHJ) concept are an attractive class of low-cost solar energy harvesting devices. Because the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of these solar cells is still significantly lower than that of their inorganic counterparts, however, materials design and device engineering efforts are directed toward improving their output. A variety of factors limit the performance of BHJ solar cells, but the properties of the materials in the active layer are the primary determinant of their overall efficiency. The ideal polymer in a BHJ structure should exhibit the following set of physical properties: a broad absorption with high coefficient in the solar spectrum to efficiently harvest solar energy, a bicontinuous network with domain width within twice that of the exciton diffusion length, and high donor−acceptor interfacial area to favor exciton dissociation and efficient transport of separated charges to the respective electrodes. To facilitate exciton diss...
Relative Production of IL-1β and TNFα by Mononuclear Cells After Exposure to Dental Implants.

Interleukin-1 (also known as osteoclast activating factor, OAF) is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages and is thought to mediate many of the immunologic, metabolic, and endocrine alterations seen with microbial infection, tissue injury, inflammatory disease, and bone loss. Stimuli for IL-1 production include microorganisms, endotoxins (LPS), antigen-antibody complexes, clotting components, and other cytokines. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dental implants stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to produce IL-1β (OAF) as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). This production may lead to bone loss or failure of an implant. Three duplicates of five different implants were incubated with 2 × 106 PBMCs/ ml in 20% autologous serum; the esterase positive PBMCs amounted to 14.5%. Measured by radioimmunoassay techniques and compared to controls, all of the implants except one caused significant in vitro generation of IL-1β and TNFα. The stimulation of IL1β/T...
Monolithic photonic integrated circuits for long haul telecommunication networks

Summary form only given. Photonics integrated circuits provide the scalability needed for the optical communication system to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand. Active and passive PICs compliment each other in network functionalities with their respective strengths.