cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Latino grandparents’ perception of disagreements with parents in children’s leisure time physical activity:

Background:Latino grandparents are often involved in the care and rearing of grandchildren and may help parents in promoting children’s leisure time physical activity (LTPA). However, potential dis...
Evaluation of the effects of field-of-view in augmented reality for marine navigation

Augmented reality (AR) has potential for increasing safety in marine navigation, but current-generation AR devices have significantly limited field-of-view, which could make them impractical for such usage. We developed a virtual reality ship simulator that displays AR navigation overlays across variable fields-of-view. This paper presents a human factors study, in which participants (including experienced boaters) piloted a virtual vessel while navigating using combinations of a traditional electronic chart display and AR overlays presented at various fields-of-view. Eye movements were tracked to discover how AR and restricted fields-of-view effect navigational target finding, safety, and situational awareness. The results indicate that AR provides significant benefits that can promote safer marine navigation, and that the field-of-view of an AR device has some significant and predictable effects on its usefulness for navigational tasks. Increasing field-ofview capabilities in future AR hardware is expected to improve AR’s usefulness for marine navigational tasks, however, this research shows that current-generation AR hardware (such as HoloLens 2) may already be suitable for this application, as most of the significant benefits were gained by providing AR overlays regardless of their field-of-view.
Topology optimization of dissipative metamaterials at finite strains based on nonlinear homogenization

This study presents a novel computational framework for designing optimal dissipative (damping) metamaterials under time-dependent loading conditions at finite deformations. In this framework, finite strain computational homogenization is integrated with a density-based multimaterial topology optimization. In addition, a thermodynamically consistent finite strain viscoelasticity model is incorporated together with an analytical path-dependent sensitivity analysis. Optimization formulations with and without stiffness and mass constraints are considered, and various new damping metamaterial designs are obtained that combine soft viscoelastic and stiff hyperelastic material phases. Multiscale stability analysis using the Bloch wave analysis and rank-1 convexity checks is also carried out to investigate stability of the optimized designs. Stability analyses demonstrate that the inclusion of voids or soft material phases can make a metamaterial more prone to lose micro and macro-stability. Furthermore, the concept of tunable metamaterials is explored wherein metamaterial’s response is steered towards a stable deformation path by tailoring the design with a preselected micro buckling mode.
Tetracycline as an inhibitor to the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 remains an extant threat against public health on a global scale. Cell infection begins when the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds with the cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Here, we address the role of Tetracycline as an inhibitor for the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Targeted molecular investigation show that Tetracycline binds more favorably to the RBD (-9.40 kcal/mol) compared to Chloroquine (-6.31 kcal/mol) or Doxycycline (-8.08 kcal/mol) and inhibits attachment to ACE2 to a greater degree (binding efficiency of 2.98 $\frac{\text{kcal}}{\text{mol}\cdot \text{nm}^2}$ for Tetracycline-RBD, 5.59 $\frac{\text{kcal}}{\text{mol}\cdot \text{nm}^2}$ for Chloroquine-RBD, 5.16 $\frac{\text{kcal}}{\text{mol}\cdot \text{nm}^2}$ for Doxycycline-RBD). Stronger Tetracycline inhibition is verified with nonequilibrium PMF calculations, for which the Tetracycline-RBD complex exhibits the lowest free energy profile along the dissociation pathway from ACE2. Tetracycline appears to target viral residues that are usually involved in significant hydrogen bonding with ACE2; this inhibition of cellular infection complements the anti-inflammatory and cytokine suppressing capability of Tetracycline, and may further reduce the duration of ICU stays and mechanical ventilation induced by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Association between meeting daily step count goals with ambulatory function and quality of life in patients with claudication

Abstract Objective To determine (a) whether patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who walked at least 7000 and 10,000 steps/day had better ambulatory function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than patients who walked less than 7000 steps/day, and (b) whether differences in ambulatory function and HRQoL in patients grouped according to these daily step count criteria persisted after adjusting for covariates. Methods Two hundred forty-eight patients were assessed on their daily ambulatory activity for 1 week with a step activity monitor, and were grouped according to daily step count targets. Patients who took fewer than 7000 steps/day were included in group 1 (n = 153), those who took 7000 to 9999 steps/day were included in group 2 (n = 57), and patients who took at least 10,000 steps/day were included in group 3 (n = 38). Primary outcomes were the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ) distance score, which is a disease-specific measurement of HRQoL. Patients were further characterized on demographic variables, comorbid conditions, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results The groups were significantly different on ankle-brachial index (P = .02), and on the prevalence of hypertension (P = .04), diabetes (P Conclusions Patients with PAD who walked more than 7000 and 10,000 steps/day had greater ambulatory function and HRQoL than patients who walked fewer than 7000 steps/day. Second, the greater ambulatory function and HRQoL associated with walking 7000 and 10,000 steps/day persisted after adjusting for covariates. This study provides preliminary evidence that patients with PAD who walk more than 7000 steps/day have better ambulatory function and HRQoL than patients below this threshold.
Three-Point Lifetime Distribution Elicitation for Maintenance Optimization in a Bayesian Context

A general three-point elicitation model is proposed for eliciting distributions from experts. Specifically, lower and upper quantile estimates and a most likely estimate in between these quantile estimates are to be elicited, which uniquely determine a member in a flexible family of distributions that is consistent with these estimates. Multiple expert elicited lifetime distributions in this manner are next used to arrive at the prior parameters of a Dirichlet Process (DP) describing uncertainty in a lifetime distribution. That lifetime distribution is needed in a preventive maintenance context to establish an optimal maintenance interval or a range thereof. In practical settings with an effective preventive maintenance policy, the statistical estimation of such a lifetime distribution is complicated due to a lack of failure time data despite a potential abundance of right-censored data, i.e., survival data up to the time the component was preventively maintained. Since the Bayesian paradigm is well suited to deal with scarcity of data, the formulated prior DP above is updated using all available failure time and right-censored maintenance data in a Bayesian fashion. Multiple posterior lifetime distribution estimates can be obtained from this DP update, including, e.g., its posterior expectation and median. A plausible range for the optimal time-based maintenance interval can be established graphically by plotting the long-term average cost per unit time of a block replacement model for multiple posterior lifetime distribution estimates as a function of the preventive maintenance frequency. An illustrative example is utilized throughout the paper to exemplify the proposed approach.
The accuracy and influencing factors for preference of self-sampling in group B streptococcus screening: a cross-sectional study.

Self-sampling with proper instruction in 35–37 weeks’ gestation is an option to clinician sampling to prevent early-onset invasive group B streptococcal disease of infants. We aimed to assess the a...
Immune reconstitution therapy in NMOSD.

Abstract Importance NMO spectrum disorders [NMOSD] is a relapsing autoimmune disorder with attacks of optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM). A large proportion of NMOSD patients have no or a partial recovery after relapse. Observations The neuro-immunological community now has a number of indicated agents for NMOSD therapy including eculizumab [Soliris®], inebilizumab (Uplizna®) and satralizumab (Enspryng®) with different mechanisms of action (MOA), rapidity of the onset of action (OOA) and issues of long-term safety. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) may be another therapeutic option. Conclusions and relevance The advantages of eculizumab are preservation of immunosurveillance, immediate onset of action and persistent efficacy but frequent IV administration and cost are important drawbacks. Inebilizumab allows a slight decrease in relapse free subjects over time but decreases B and plasmablast cell disease-inducing pathogenic antibody production. However, inebilizumab may cause immunosuppression. Satralizumab is immunomodulatory and self-administration but has delayed onset of action. AHSCT may be the best therapeutic option for the prevention and therefore the progression of NMO. In NMO, control the complement (eculizumab), reconstitute the immune system (AHSCT), transition to immunomodulation (satralizumab) and reserve immunosuppression (inebilizumab) as 4th line. AHSCT might also be used as rescue therapy for severe breakthrough disease after NMO-DMTs.
Cosmetic pesticide use: quantifying use and its policy implications in California, USA

Pesticide use is increasingly under scrutiny for its environmental and human health impacts. While government leaders promote sustainable pest management, including reductions in pesticide usage, g...
Eukaryotic genomes from a global metagenomic dataset illuminate trophic modes and biogeography of ocean plankton

Abstract Molecular and genomic approaches that target mixed microbial communities (e.g., metagenomics or metatranscriptomics) provide insight into the ecological roles, evolutionary histories, and physiological capabilities of the microorganisms and the processes in the environment. Computational tools that harness large-scale sequence surveys have become a valuable resource for characterizing the genetic make-up of the bacterial and archaeal component of the marine microbiome. Yet, fewer studies have focused on the unicellular eukaryotic fraction of the community. Here, we developed the EukHeist automated computational pipeline, to retrieve eukaryotic and prokaryotic metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). We applied EukHeist to the eukaryote-dominated large-size fraction data (0.8-2000μm) from the Tara Oceans survey to recover both eukaryotic and prokaryotic MAGs, which we refer to as TOPAZ (Tara Oceans Particle-Associated MAGs). The TOPAZ MAGs consisted of more than 900 eukaryotic MAGs representing environmentally-relevant microbial and multicellular eukaryotes in addition to over 4,000 bacterial and archaeal MAGs. The bacterial and archaeal TOPAZ MAGs retrieved with EukHeist complement previous efforts by expanding the existing phylogenetic diversity through the increase in coverage of many likely particle- and host-associated taxa. We also demonstrate how the novel eukaryotic genomic content recovered from this study might be used to infer functional traits, such as trophic mode. By coupling MAGs and metatranscriptomic data, we explored ecologically-significant protistan groups, such as the Stramenopiles. A global survey of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic MAGs enabled the identification of ecological cohorts, driven by specific environmental factors, and putative host-microbe associations. Accessible and scalable computational tools, such as EukHeist, are likely to accelerate the identification of meaningful genetic signatures from large datasets, ultimately expanding the eukaryotic tree of life.
Comparison of hippocampal subfield segmentation agreement between 2 automated protocols across the adult life span

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The hippocampus is a frequent focus of quantitative neuroimaging research, and structural hippocampal alterations are related to multiple neurocognitive disorders. An increasing number of neuroimaging studies are focusing on hippocampal subfield regional involvement in these disorders using various automated segmentation approaches. Direct comparisons among these approaches are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare the agreement between two automated hippocampal segmentation algorithms in an adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the results of 2 automated segmentation algorithms for hippocampal subfields (FreeSurfer v6.0 and volBrain) within a single imaging data set from adults (n = 176, 89 women) across a wide age range (20–79 years). Brain MR imaging was acquired on a single 3T scanner as part of the IXI Brain Development Dataset and included T1- and T2-weighted MR images. We also examined subfield volumetric differences related to age and sex and the impact of different intracranial volume and total hippocampal volume normalization methods. RESULTS: Estimated intracranial volume and total hippocampal volume of both protocols were strongly correlated (r = 0.93 and 0.9, respectively; both P CONCLUSIONS: The hippocampal subfield volume relationship to demographic factors and disease states should undergo nuanced interpretation, especially when considering different segmentation protocols.
Inability of truncated recombinant Osp A proteins to elicit protective immunity to Borrelia burgdorferi in mice

The murine immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, is characterized by the development of antibodies reactive with the outer surface protein (Osp) A. It has been demonstrated that passive immunization of mice with at least some Osp A antibodies, including an Osp A mAb (CIII.78) that binds to a conformational epitope in the carboxyl-terminus of Osp A, provides protection against Bb challenge. Active immunization of mice with Osp A also confers protection, making Osp A a candidate for a vaccine Ag. To determine the regions of the Osp A protein that can elicit protective immunity, we immunized boosted mice with overlapping recombinant truncated fragments of Osp A, then challenged them with Bb. All groups of mice developed IgG Osp A antibodies detectable by immunoblotting with sera diluted at least 5000-fold. As expected, vaccination with full-length recombinant Osp A protected mice from challenge infection. In contrast, none of the mice vaccinated with the truncated Osp A proteins demonstrated immunity, even those immunized with an Osp A fragment binding the neutralizing mAb CIII.78. Osp A antibodies contained in the truncated Osp A antisera also failed to immunoprecipitate in vitro translated full-length Osp A and did not bind, as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, to live or acetone-fixed Bb. Taken together, these results suggest that neutralizing Osp A antibodies are induced by vaccination with the full-length recombinant Osp A protein but not by vaccination with recombinant fragments.
A prostaglandin D-synthase-positive mast cell gradient characterizes scalp patterning.

Background Pattern (androgenetic) alopecia is commonly encountered in scalp biopsies obtained for non-scarring hair loss. Prostaglandin d-synthase is known to be elevated in bald vs. non-alopetic scalp of patients with androgenetic alopecia. We hypothesized that this difference in pattern of prostaglandin d-synthase expression may constitute a developmental pattern inherent to normal as well as alopecic scalp skin, thus defining a ‘field’ vulnerable to acquired hair loss. Methods We immunohistochemically mapped prostaglandin d-synthase expression from supra-auricular to vertex scalp skin of 11 cadavers. Results We found significantly more dermal mast cells immunoreactive for prostaglandin d-synthase in the vertex compared to the lateral aspects of the scalp, with a decrement that spatially approximated the pattern of androgenetic alopecia. This difference was present in both balding and non-balding scalps and was independent of gender. Dual labeling established dermal cells expressing prostaglandin d-synthase as mast cells. Conclusions These data indicate that scalp is spatially programmed via mast cell prostaglandin d-synthase distribution in a manner reminiscent of the pattern seen in androgenetic alopecia.
Performance improvements in a zero voltage switched boost PFC application through the use of SiC power diodes

The use of silicon carbide diodes as alternatives to standard silicon power diodes in a zero-voltage switched (ZVS) 800W boost power factor correction (PFC) converter is examined experimentally. The PFC circuit examined is a part of a base station power supply. Efficiency improvement by using SiC diodes in hard-switched PFC boost power converters has been demonstrated by others, and is considered by many to be an ideal solution. Incorporating SiC diodes in a ZVS topology further improves the performance of the topology. Comparisons are made between ZVS circuits using standard silicon power diodes and an equivalent circuit using SiC diodes. Simplification of the overall circuit, improvement in operating efficiency and improvements in line conducted EMC performance are observed. The paper concludes that the use of SiC diodes in high wattage applications can further improve performance characteristics of ZVS PFC boost converters.
Oxymercuration‐Reduction: Alcohols from Olefins: 1‐Methylcyclohexanol

Oxymercuration-reduction: alcohols from olefins: 1-methylcyclohexanol product: 1-methylcyclohexanol Keywords: oxidation, miscellaneous; reduction, miscellaneous
Intra- vs. intermolecular configurations in the three-legged, piano-stool compounds (o, m and p-xylene)Mo(CO)3

Abstract The three (η6-xylene)Mo(CO)3 complexes have been prepared and crystallographically characterized to determine the rotational relationship of the arene ring to the undercarriage, as has been suggested by theoretical studies. In fact, no such relationship can be seen, especially when combined with eight examples of structures with Z′ > 1, where both staggered and eclipsed forms are found.
On Uncoupling and Solving the Equations of Motion of Vibrating Linear Discrete Systems

The method in effect searches for another coordinate system in the neighborhood of the normal coordinate system so that in the new coordinate system removal of the coupling terms in the equations of motion produces a minimum bound on the relative error introduced in the approximate solution
PARTIAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT: AN ESSAY

A serious gap is emerging between what is espoused as total quality management and what is actually being implemented. Examples of actual implementation failures are given. In addition to affecting the offending firms, these gaps threaten the viability of the quality management movement in the United States. Their causes and appropriate counter measures are worthy topics for research.
Better breast cancer detection

X-rays go digital, computers read film, and chemicals mark tumors, but will these new technologies make it in the clinic? The imaging technologies considered for breast cancer include film-screen mammography, full field digital mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, scintimammography, thermography, electrical impedance imaging, optical imaging, electric potential measurement, positron emission tomography, novel ultrasound techniques, elastography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermoacoustic computed tomography, microwave imaging, Hall-effect imaging and magneto-mammography.
Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of irreversible human rhinovirus 3C protease inhibitors. 4. Incorporation of P1 lactam moieties as L-glutamine replacements.

The structure-based design, chemical synthesis, and biological evaluation of various human rhinovirus (HRV) 3C protease (3CP) inhibitors which incorporate P1 lactam moieties in lieu of an l-glutamine residue are described. These compounds are comprised of a tripeptidyl or peptidomimetic binding determinant and an ethyl propenoate Michael acceptor moiety which forms an irreversible covalent adduct with the active site cysteine residue of the 3C enzyme. The P1-lactam-containing inhibitors display significantly increased 3CP inhibition activity along with improved antirhinoviral properties relative to corresponding l-glutamine-derived molecules. In addition, several lactam-containing compounds exhibit excellent selectivity for HRV 3CP over several other serine and cysteine proteases and are not appreciably degraded by a variety of biological agents. One of the most potent inhibitors (AG7088, mean antirhinoviral EC90 ≈ 0.10 μM, n = 46 serotypes) is shown to warrant additional preclinical development to explor...
Backbone Fluorescent DNA Modifications: Reducing Uncertainties In FRET

View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint SlideThe kappa square factor is one of several uncertainties that preclude FRET from being a true quantitative technique. Fluorescent backbone modification of DNA structure can constrain the rotational flexibility of the dyes and the orientation can be predicted from the DNA structure. These constraints also reduce the dye-DNA interaction and the uncertainties associated with measuring donor acceptor distances for flexible linkers. In this work we show that the FRET can be observed at very long distances because of favorable orientation which would have been impossible for freely rotating donor-acceptor pair and also that the assumption that kappa square = 2/3 may lead to large errors in distance measurements.
Ethnomethodology from/as/to Business

In this posthumously published article, Melvin Pollner reflects on the origins and development of ethnomethodology, especially the version associated with Harold Garfinkel. It explores both literal and figurative connections between Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology and the world and practices of “business.” The article suggests a variety of ways in which notions and metaphors born of business are incorporated into Garfinkel’s program, including, most prominently, the concepts of accounts and accountability. Robert M. Emerson and James A. Holstein assembled and edited the final text.
Use of propofol to facilitate extubation in mechanically ventilated children: A case for pediatric trials

Abstract Background: Sedatives are frequently used to facilitate mechanical ventilation of critically ill pediatric patients. Many of these drugs are used in children before appropriate clinical pharmacology and efficacy/safety trials are performed in the targeted pediatric population. Objective: This study assesses the prescribing patterns and clinical utility of propofol as a sedative before anticipated extubation in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients in the absence of pediatric dosing guidelines. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital between January 1993 and July 1994 who received propofol as a sedative to facilitate extubation. Results: Forty-eight patients received propofol as a sedative to facilitate extubation. All patients were immediately sedated after the first propofol loading dose. In their attempts to optimize sedation, clinicians made numerous propofol dose adjustments and administered repeat loading doses. Forty-one of these patients were successfully extubated; deterioration in clinical status unrelated to propofol infusion prevented extubation in the remaining 7 patients. Adverse effects possibly associated with propofol administration included hypotension (24 patients), transient decrease in heart rate (1), hypercholesterolemia (4), hypertriglyceridemia (5), abnormal base excess (3), and neurologic events (3). Propofol was discontinued in only 1 hypotensive patient because of perceived drug-induced adverse effects. Five hypotensive patients were managed with fluid therapy, and all laboratory abnormalities resolved either during propofol infusion or after discontinuation. Most patients with elevated blood lipids had received concurrent intravenous lipid therapy. Conclusions: These data suggest that without effective age-appropriate dose recommendations for new drugs with definite pediatric applications, clinicians must depend on bedside clinical observations and pharmacologic data derived from adult patients to determine drug dosing. This lack of pediatric pharmacologic data delays optimal therapy, leading to unnecessary clinical interventions that affect patient care, patient safety, and cost. Despite these limitations, the results of this study suggest that propofol appears to be well tolerated when used to facilitate extubation in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients.
Multiscale simulations of blood-flow: from a platelet to an artery

We review our recent advances on multiscale modeling of blood flow including blood rheology. We focus on the objectives, methods, computational complexity and overall methodology for simulations at the level of glycocalyx (
Failure of neurohypophysial hormones to influence prolactin secretion in vitro.

Neither oxytocin nor vasopressin influenced prolactin production by rat anterior pituitary tissue in vitro, indicating that neurohypophysial hormones are not involved in the regulation of prolactin secretion. The anterior pituitary explants synthesized about 10 times as much prolactin each day as they contained at the beginning of culture, clearly illustrating the independence of prolactin secretion from hypothalamic or other in vivo influence.
Domain of discourse

The proposition expressed by an utterance of a quantified sentence depends on a domain of discourse somehow determined by the context. How does the context of utterance determine the content of the domain of discourse? Many philosophers would approach this question from the point of view of an expressive theory of linguistic communication, according to which the primary function of language is to enable speakers to convey the propositional contents of their thoughts to hearers. This paper argues that from this point of view there is no persuasive treatment of the determinants of the domain of discourse. The argument focuses on an abnormal case in which the domain the speaker has in mind is not evident to the hearer. In this way the question concerning the determinants of the domain of discourse is used to challenge the expressive theory of communication.
New expression for the extended Δ-Y reductions

Reliability-preserving reductions are important for the efficient computation of the K-terminal reliability of networks. In this paper the correct expressions are presented for the extended @D-Y reductions introduced in [4], with a detailed discussion of the approach used to derive them.
Aldose reductase inhibition, Doppler flux and conduction in diabetic rat nerve

Abstract Two chemically distinct aldose reductase inhibitors, ponalrestat and tolrestat, were tested against laser Doppler blood flow and conduction deficits in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. The effects two months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and aldose reductase inhibition on body weight, plasma glucose, and nerve sugars and polyols were comparable to those reported previously. Nerve blood flow, reflected by laser Doppler flow measurements, and motor nerve conduction velocity were both significantly less in diabetic than in control animals. Both of these reductions were prevented by ponalrestat, but not tolrestat. Thus, either deficits in laser Doppler blood flow and conduction are not aldose reductase inhibitor-dependent or tolrestat has some other property which offsets the beneficial effects of aldose reductase inhibition. In either case, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that reduced nerve blood flow contributes to conduction deficits in diabetes
Intravenous HOE-642 Reduces Brain Edema and Na Uptake in the Rat Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke: Evidence for Participation of the Blood–Brain Barrier Na/H Exchanger:

Cerebral edema forms in the early hours of ischemic stroke by processes involving increased transport of Na and Cl from blood into brain across an intact blood–brain barrier (BBB). Our previous studies provided evidence that the BBB Na–K–Cl cotransporter is stimulated by the ischemic factors hypoxia, aglycemia, and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and that inhibition of the cotransporter by intravenous bumetanide greatly reduces edema and infarct in rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). More recently, we showed that BBB Na/H exchanger activity is also stimulated by hypoxia, aglycemia, and AVP. The present study was conducted to further investigate the possibility that a BBB Na/H exchanger also participates in edema formation during ischemic stroke. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to pMCAO and then brain edema and Na content assessed by magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighed imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy Na spectroscopy, respectively, for up to 210 minutes. We found that intravenous administration of the specific Na/H exchange inhibitor HOE-642 significantly decreased brain Na uptake and reduced cerebral edema, brain swelling, and infarct volume. These findings support the hypothesis that edema formation and brain Na uptake during the early hours of cerebral ischemia involve BBB Na/H exchanger activity as well as Na–K–Cl cotransporter activity.
Level of congruency in photographic representations of destination marketing organizations' websites and brochures.

The primary objective of this study is to assess the level of congruency in the photographic representations of two promotional materials offered by Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) locat...
Brucella abortus Antibody Response of White Leghorn Chickens Selected for High and Low Antibody Responsiveness to Sheep Erythrocytes

Three experiments were conducted with lines of chickens selected for high (HA) and low (LA) antibody response to sheep erythrocytes to determine their antibody responses following primary immunization with Brucella abortus. In Experiment 1, HA chicks responded to immunization with a higher total titer than LA chicks at 7 d postimmunization. At both 5 and 7 d following immunization 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant (IgG) titers were higher in HA than LA chicks. There also was a significant sex effect at 7 d in the first experiment, with males having higher total titers than females. In the second experiment, HA chicks had higher total titers at 5 d postimmunization than LA chicks, but IgG titers were similar for both lines. Total and IgG titers of HA chicks used in Experiment 3 were significantly higher than those of LA chicks at 5 and 7 d postimmunization. Both HA and LA chicks exhibited divergent antibody responses to B. abortus although they had originally been selected for antibody responsiveness to sheep erythrocytes.
REDUCING AGGRESSIVE AND SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR OF INSTITUTIONALIZED RETARDED CHILDREN THROUGH REINFORCEMENT OF OTHER BEHAVIORS†

Aggressive and self-injurious behaviors of four retarded children were reduced by combining various techniques with the differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO). In one study, aggressive responses of a severely retarded child were reduced when DRO was combined with a 30-sec timeout. In a second study, various aggressive classroom behaviors were reduced when the child was told "no" for an inappropriate response but earned puzzle pieces for periods of time when inappropriate responses resulted did not occur. Exchangeable tokens were given to a third subject for every 15 min in which aggressive responding did not occur, while each inappropriate response resulted in the loss of all tokens accrued. Responding was decreased to a level far below baseline. For a fourth child, self-injurious responses were followed by "no", and intervals of time in which no self-injurious responding occurred earned candy. The rate of this behavior reduced significantly. In each case, the DRO procedure combined with the other techniques proved to be manageable for the teacher and successful in reducing the inappropriate behavior.
The role of affect and tolerance of ambiguity in ethical decision making

Abstract This research note extends the research on ethical decision making in accounting by examining the effect of two variables, affect and tolerance of ambiguity, on ethics-related decisions made in two contexts: both personal and organizational settings. I conduct an experimental study among undergraduate accounting students and find that tolerance of ambiguity significantly influences ethical decisions in both personal and organizational settings. The results also reveal a significant interactive effect between negative affect and tolerance of ambiguity.
Meson Structure in a Relativistic Many-Body Approach

Results from an extensive relativistic many-body analysis utilizing a realistic effective QCD Hamiltonian are presented for the meson spectrum. A comparative numerical study of the BCS, Tamm-Dancoff (TDA), and RPA treatments provides new, significant insight into the condensate structure of the vacuum, the chiral symmetry governance of the pion, and the meson spin, orbital, and flavor mass splitting contributions. In contrast to a previous glueball application, substantial quantitative differences are computed between TDA and RPA for the light quark sector with the pion emerging as a Goldstone boson only in the RPA.
A Clinical Trial with Monovalent Influenza A/New Jersey/76 Virus Vaccine in Preschool and School-Age Children

One hundred thirty-three children in San Antonio, Texas, received intramuscular injections of split-virus or whole-virus preparations of killed, monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine or placebo. Thirty-three children were in the threeto five-year-old age group, and 100 were in the six- to 11-year-old group. A minimal antibody response occurred following injection of the first dlose of vaccine. A second or booster dose that was administered approximately four months after the first dose resulted in a significant antibody response, even in children who developed a minimal or no detectable immune response to the initial dose. This improved immune response was observed following administration of two doses of either splitvirus or whole-virus vaccines. Reactions by the vaccine recipients on the whole were minimal. Reaction indices determined in both age groups after administration of the booster dose were usually less than those after the first dose. The high prevalence, 78% overall, of antibodies to influenza A/Victoria/75 virus demonstrated that this virus was previously prevalent in our area.
Characteristics of laboratory-coked resid HDS catalyst

Abstract A sample of commercial residual oil hydrotreating catalyst with a bimodal pore structure was coked to progressively higher levels with styrene at 425°C. Measurements of porosity by mercury intrusion-extrusion porosimetry, nitrogen adsorption-desorption porosimetry, and coronene diffusivity reveal the importance of the pore network to the structure of the coked catalyst. The role played by ‘shielded’ large pores within the structure is demonstrated. It is proposed that coking first occurs at the junctions between large, shielded pores and narrow connecting pores. The results are discussed in terms of the theoretical predictions of Mann and co-workers.
Extent and severity of abnormal left ventricular wall motion detected by exercise echocardiography during painful and silent ischemia.

Abstract Myocardial ischemia occurs in the absence of symptoms in a proportion of patients with coronary artery disease, a phenomenon that may reflect disturbed pain responsiveness. 1 Episodes of painless (“silent”) ischemia are frequent even in patients who have angina at other times, 2 suggesting that some features of the ischemic event, rather than the patient, may be responsible for the absence of pain. One possible explanation is that the occurrence of pain relates to the extent or severity of ischemia. The relation of angina to the amount of left ventricular dysfunction has been debated, with evidence in favor 3 and against 4,5 a positive correlation. This study compared the severity and extent of ischemia, assessed by exercise echocardiography, with the presence of angina.
Withania somnifera Improves Ischemic Stroke Outcomes by Attenuating PARP1-AIF-Mediated Caspase-Independent Apoptosis

Withania somnifera (WS), popularly known as “Ashwagandha” has been used for centuries as a nerve tonic. Its protective effect has been elucidated in many neurodegenerative pathologies, although there is a paucity of data regarding its effects in ischemic stroke. We examined the neuroprotective properties of an aqueous extract of WS in both pre- and poststroke treatment regimens in a mouse model of permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). WS (200 mg/kg) improved functional recovery and significantly reduced the infarct volume in mice, when compared to those treated with vehicle, in both paradigms. We investigated the protective mechanism/s induced by WS using brain cortices by testing its ability to modulate the expression of key proteins in the ischemic-apoptotic cascade. The Western blots and immunofluorescence analyses of mice cortices revealed that WS upregulated the expression of hemeoxygenase 1 (HO1) and attenuated the expression of the proapoptotic protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) via the PARP1-AIF pathway, thus preventing the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and subsequent apoptosis. Semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) expression was reduced in WS-treated group, whereas Wnt, pGSK3β, and pCRMP2 expression levels were virtually unaltered. These results indicate the interplay of antioxidant-antiapoptic pathways and the possible involvement of angiogenesis in the protective mechanism of WS while emphasizing the noninvolvement of one of the prime pathways of neurogenesis. Our results suggest that WS could be a potential prophylactic as well as a therapeutic agent aiding stroke repair, and that part of its mechanism could be attributed to its antiapoptotic and antioxidant properties.
Metropolitan Area Job Accessibility and the Working Poor: Exploring Local Spatial Variations Of Geographic context

Critical geographic perspectives argue that employment access in U.S. metropolitan areas is more complex than traditional understandings, calling for research utilizing approaches that reflect the spatially dynamic structure of cities. This study uses a job proximity indicator of employment access among the working poor, with cluster analysis and spatial regimes modeling, to explore the spatial dimensions of geographic context (neighborhood characteristics) at a localized scale. The findings indicate that: (1) patterns of high or low employment access are not consistent with neoclassical conceptualizations of metropolitan areas; and (2) the statistical relationship between geographic context indicators and the measure of job accessibility were not spatially constant, but varied across the urban landscape. This supports the critical geographic arguments that a high degree of complexity underlies the employment access problem. To better inform public policy, future empirical research needs access to more so...
PREDICTION OF ABSENTEEISM IN COLLEGE STUDENTS USING SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Rotter's social learning theory served as a basis for developing some brief new scales and employing some existing ones for the purpose of predicting absenteeism in college social science classrooms. Near the beginning the term one hundred thirty‐two community college student filled out a questionnaire containing these scales. At the end of the term they were asked to estimate the number of times they had been absent. Results showed that no combination of variables successfully predicted total absenteeism, but two predictor variables produced a statistically significant £ value in predicting avoidable absences. Suggestions for future research were offered.
Immunology and immunotherapy of Alzheimer's disease

Although Alzheimer's disease is considered to be a degenerative brain disease, it is clear that the immune system has an important role in the disease process. As discussed in this Review, immune-based therapies that are designed to remove amyloid-beta peptide from the brain have produced positive results in animal models of the disease and are being tested in humans with Alzheimer's disease. Although immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, clinical trials of active amyloid-beta vaccination of patients with Alzheimer's disease were discontinued after some patients developed meningoencephalitis. New immunotherapies using humoral and cell-based approaches are currently being investigated for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Indirect J spectroscopy using an extended DEPT pulse sequence

Abstract Indirect detection of homonuclear J couplings is accomplished by an extension of the DEPT pulse sequence. Measurement of coupling between chemically equivalent protons and simplification of spectra of CH2 groups are also discussed.
Sleep-disordered breathing and retinal microvascular diameter

Abstract Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Microvascular dysfunction has been proposed as a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of CVD in SDB. The retinal vasculature offers a unique opportunity to investigate the systemic effects of microvascular dysfunction as it can be viewed non-invasively and is also structurally and functionally similar to microvasculature elsewhere in the body. We therefore examined the association between SDB and retinal microvascular diameter after adjusting for major confounders. Methods We examined n = 476 participants from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. SDB was characterized using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as 223.0 um). Results Higher AHI was found to be positively associated with retinal venular dilatation, independent of body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid levels. Compared to an AHI of 15 events/h was 2.08 (1.03–2.16); p -trend = 0.045. In contrast, there was no association between AHI and retinal arteriolar narrowing ( p -trend = 0.72). Conclusion Higher AHI, a marker of SDB, was positively associated with wider retinal venules, independent of age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and lipid levels. These data suggest that the association of SDB with cardiovascular disease may be mediated, in part, by microvasculature.
Multidimensional hitting time results for Brownian bridges with moving hyperplanar boundaries

Abstract We calculate several hitting time probabilities for a correlated multidimensional Brownian bridge process, where the boundaries are hyperplanes that move linearly with time. We compute the probability that a Brownian bridge will cross a moving hyperplane if the endpoints of the bridge lie on the same side of the hyperplane at the starting and ending times, and we derive the distribution of the hitting time if the endpoints lie on opposite sides of the moving hyperplane. Our third result calculates the probability that this process remains between two parallel hyperplanes, and we extend this result in the independent case to a hyperrectangle with moving faces. To derive these quantities, we rotate the coordinate axes to transform the problem into a one-dimensional calculation.
Conductor vibration on transmission lines — II

Laboratory tests reveal some interesting characteristics of conductor vibration and its effect upon conductor life; common hardware accessories, and less-common vibration dampers, are shown to have marked effects. Mathematical analyses of the stresses in standard sizes of conductors as commonly used for electric power transmission lines check closely with these stresses as measured. Field experiments in conductor vibration will be treated in another article which will appear in a subsequent issue of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING.
Microprocessor-Based Blood Gas Analyzer

An automatic blood gas analyzer based on the Intel 8080 microprocessor has been designed, built, and is in use in a clinical laboratory. Commercially available blood gas electrodes and amplifiers serve as the input devices. The microprocessor system, utilizing less than 2 1/4K words of memory stored in PROM, consists of a set of subroutines and utility programs which utilize a floating point math package which contains, besides the four basic functions, log10 X and 10x functions. The subroutines enable the microprocessor to monitor the reaction in the electrode chamber, compensate the measured blood gas values for abnormal body temperature, and calculate three additional parameters: HCO-3 concentration, base excess, and percent O2 saturation of hemoglobin. The only steps left to the medical personnel are to clean and calibrate the electrodes, introduce the blood into the electrode chambers, and distribute the printed results.
A Schensted-type correspondence for the symplectic group

Abstract The Schensted correspondence is closely related to the decomposition of V ⊗ n as a GL(V) -module. In this paper we obtain an analogous correspondence related to the decomposition of V ⊗ n as an Sp(V) -module.
Large scale simulation of mass spectra recorded with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer

This paper reports initial results from a study based on a large scale computer simulation of the ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). A large number of ions (104) are given initial positions and velocities with selected random distributions within the ion trap and a trajectory is calculated for each ion using a new supercomputer ion trap mass spectrometer simulation called numerical quadrupole simulation. Ion velocity and position are computed by numerical integration of the Mathieu equations for a quadrupole field superimposed with a pure dipole term to approximate the electric fields present during resonance ejection. The integration is accomplished via a Taylor series approximation of the solution to the equations of motion. The simulation produces mass spectra which are quantitatively compared with experimental data collected from an ITMS. The actual ITMS electrode geometry was measured as well as the r.f. voltage applied to the ring electrode during mass analysis. Based on these measurements the program was generalized to approximate the quadrupole field created by the non-ideal ITMS electrodes. Good agreement in peak shape and the r.f. voltage of ion ejection is achieved for the molecular ion region of the decapeptide substance P when experimental results are compared with simulations. This is true both in the low and high resolution experiments, the latter being achieved by lowering the rate at which the r.f. voltage is scanned. Data are also given showing that resonant ejection of ions is controlled by the phases of the r.f. and a.c. potentials and that resolution can be improved by choosing the a.c. frequency land initial phase angle with respect to the r.f. phase.