cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ischemic heart disease and coronary flow

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The use of mathematical models allows the integration of the structural/mechanical/biochemical determinants of coronary flow for understanding coronary physiology/pathophysiology as well as to provide avenues for diagnosis and therapy of IHD. This review provides an overview of coronary flow models in the deep layers of the heart that are vulnerable to ischemia and models for non-invasive determination of ischemic severity.
Acceleration and transport of a focused laser-generated proton beams for fast-ignition

Intense MeV proton beams have applications in medicine, material science and inertial fusion energy (IFE). Laser-accelerated proton beams can be generated and focused to exceptionally high intensities that are beneficial for these applications, especially proton fast ignition (pFI). In pFI, a focused proton beam with energy 20kJ, diameter <;40μm and mean energy of 10MeV needs to be produced from a hemisphere target and pass through the cone tip and surrounding plasma efficiently without distortion.
The effect of exogenous estradiol on litter size in a typical swine herd.

Abstract Fifty-six female pigs (12 gilts, 26 primiparous and 18 multiparous sows) were bred and assigned to receive either corn oil (vehicle; n=28) or estradiol-17β (2 mg/day; i.m.; n=28) on Days 12 and 13 (Day 0 = first day of estrus) to determine if exogenous estradiol could improve litter size in swine. Though litter size of the females farrowing was not increased with estradiol treatment (vehicle versus estradiol, 9.7 ± 0.8 versus 10.1 ± 1.8 live pigs born, respectively), more females in this group remained pregnant (vehicle versus estradiol, 6 versus 1 recycled, respectively; P
The determination of pair distance distributions by pulsed ESR using Tikhonov regularization.

Pulsed ESR techniques with the aid of site-directed spin labeling have proven useful in providing unique structural information about proteins. The determination of distance distributions in electron spin pairs directly from the dipolar time evolution of the pulsed ESR signals by means of the Tikhonov regularization method is reported. The difficulties connected with numerically inverting this ill-posed mathematical problem are clearly illustrated. The Tikhonov regularization with the regularization parameter determined by the L-curve criterion is then described and tested to confirm its accuracy and reliability. The method is applied to recent experimental results on doubly labeled proteins that have been studied using two pulsed ESR techniques, double quantum coherence (DQC) ESR and double electron–electron resonance (DEER). The extracted distance distributions are able to provide valuable information about the conformational constraints in various partially folded states of proteins. This study supplies a mathematically reliable method for extracting pair distributions from pulsed ESR experimental data and has extended the use of pulsed ESR to provide results of greater value for structural biology.
Small cell lung carcinoma causing epidural hematoma: case report.

BACKGROUND Epidural hematoma usually stems from trauma, yet it may occur from other etiologies, including neoplasms. We present a case of small cell lung carcinoma with focal hemorrhagic central nervous system metastasis producing an epidural hematoma, and review the associated literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 67-year-old man was undergoing chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung. Acute neurologic deterioration resulted from a large parietal epidural hematoma of non-traumatic origin. INTERVENTION The clot was evacuated via craniotomy with marked improvement in his clinical state. Metastatic tumor was present in the scalp, muscle, bone, and dura. No gross brain invasion was apparent. CONCLUSIONS This case illustrates the wisdom of including metastatic disease in the differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage. Even epidural hematoma may result from metastatic cancer. The prevalence of lung carcinoma and the aging of the population may produce an increased appearance of this phenomenon. Appropriate evaluation and rapid intervention will aid the patient in both the acute and long-term phases, and should improve the quality of survival.
Validity and efficiency of approximation methods for tied survival times in Cox regression

Survival-time studies sometimes do not yield distinct failure times. Several methods have been proposed to handle the resulting ties. The goal of this paper is to compare these methods. Simulations were conducted, in which failure times were generated for a two-sample problem with an exponential hazard, a constant hazard ratio, and no censoring. Failure times were grouped to produce heavy, moderate, and light ties, corresponding to a mean of 10.0, 5.0, and 2.5 failures per interval. Cox proportional hazards models were fit using each of three approximations for handling ties with each interval size for sample sizes of n = 25, 50, 250, and 500 in each group. The Breslow (1974, Biometrics 30, 89-99) approximation tends to underestimate the true beta, while the Kalbfleisch-Prentice (1973, Biometrika 60, 267-279) approximation tends to overestimate beta. As the ties become heavier, the bias of these approximations increases. The Efron (1977, Journal of the American Statistical Association 72, 557-565) approximation performs far better than the other two, particularly with moderate or heavy ties; even with n = 25 in each group, the bias is under 2%, and for sample sizes larger than 50 per group, it is less than 1%. Except for the heaviest ties in the smallest sample, confidence interval coverage for all three estimators fell in the range of 94-96%. However, the tail probabilities were asymmetric with the Breslow and Kalbfleisch-Prentice formulas; using the Efron approximation, they were closer to the nominal 2.5%. Although the Breslow approximation is the default in many standard software packages, the Efron method for handling ties is to be preferred, particularly when the sample size is small either from the outset or due to heavy censoring.
Model Predictive Control of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Power Plants

The primary project objectives were to understand how the process design of an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant affects the dynamic operability and controllability of the process. Steady-state and dynamic simulation models were developed to predict the process behavior during typical transients that occur in plant operation. Advanced control strategies were developed to improve the ability of the process to follow changes in the power load demand, and to improve performance during transitions between power levels. Another objective of the proposed work was to educate graduate and undergraduate students in the application of process systems and control to coal technology. Educational materials were developed for use in engineering courses to further broaden this exposure to many students. ASPENTECH software was used to perform steady-state and dynamic simulations of an IGCC power plant. Linear systems analysis techniques were used to assess the steady-state and dynamic operability of the power plant under various plant operating conditions. Model predictive control (MPC) strategies were developed to improve the dynamic operation of the power plants. MATLAB and SIMULINK software were used for systems analysis and control system design, and the SIMULINK functionality in ASPEN DYNAMICS was used to test the control strategies on the simulated process. Project funds were used to support a Ph.D. student to receive education and training in coal technology and the application of modeling and simulation techniques.
Mucosal resident memory CD4 T cells in protection and immunopathology

Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) comprise a newly defined subset, which comprises a major component of lymphocyte populations in diverse peripheral tissue sites, including mucosal tissues, barrier surfaces, and in other non-lymphoid and lymphoid sites in humans and mice. Many studies have focused on the role of CD8 TRM in protection; however, there is now accumulating evidence that CD4 TRM predominate in tissue sites, and are integral for in situ protective immunity, particularly in mucosal sites. New evidence suggests that mucosal CD4 TRM populations differentiate at tissue sites following the recruitment of effector T cells by local inflammation or infection. The resulting TRM populations are enriched in T-cell specificities associated with the inducing pathogen/antigen. This compartmentalization of memory T cells at specific tissue sites may provide an optimal design for future vaccination strategies. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that CD4 TRM may also play a role in immunoregulation and immunopathology, and therefore, targeting TRM may be a viable therapeutic approach to treat inflammatory diseases in mucosal sites. This review will summarize our current understanding of CD4 TRM in diverse tissues, with an emphasis on their role in protective immunity and the mechanisms by which these populations are established and maintained in diverse mucosal sites.
Cleavage of nascent UDP glucuronosyltransferase from rat liver by dog pancreatic microsomes

Abstract Antibody to mouse UDP glucuronosyltransferase, previously shown to cross-react with rat transferase [1], immunoadsorbed 3 electrophoretically distinct transferase forms from the microsomes of untreated and phenobarbital-treated rats and 4 forms from 3-methylcholanthrene treated animals. The forms from phenobarbital-treated or control animals ranged in molecular weights from 49,000 to 52,000 daltons, and those from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats ranged from 51,000 to 57,000 daltons. The intensity of the electrophoretic bands indicated that the levels of at least two forms were increased by the administration of either compound. In contrast, only a 52,000-dalton electrophoretic band was observed after immunoadsorption of in vitro translated products using poly(A) RNA isolated from either control, phenobarbital-, or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats. When dog pancreatic microsomes were included in the in vitro translation assay for either of the poly(A) RNA preparations, part of the 52,000-dalton band remained and a new band of about 50,000 daltons was generated. This processed transferase form(s) appeared to be inserted into or sequestered by the microsomes. These results indicate that some of the electrophoretic variants of rat liver transferase arise by posttranslational modifications and that at least one rat transferase form undergoes proteolytic cleavage of an approximate 2,000-dalton peptide fragment during insertion into the membrane.
Occurrence of polar seabirds at sea in relation to prey concentrations and oceanographic factors

The distribution and abundance of breeding and foraging seabirds is usually a reflection of the availability of prey in the marine ecosystems on which the birds depend. At the scale of hundreds of km, differences in marine communities may be reflected in variation in the species composition of resident seabirds. At small scales, environmental features such as fronts or ice can influence where birds will aggregate to forage. Features at which prey become concentrated near the surface are of particular importance to bird species dependent upon small planktonic organisms. Concentrations of foraging seabirds frequently indicate the presence of such features, or of areas of unusually high prey biomass. The absence of birds does not mean that concentrations of potential prey are absent. “Assembly rules,” by which one might predict aspects of the marine environment that birds should use in selecting foraging areas are proposed.
Chromosomal localization of the heterochromatic region 16qh(.76) linked to alpha-haptoglobin in man.

THE structural gene locus for the alpha chain of haptoglobin (α-Hp) in man seems1 to be on the long arm (q) of chromosome 16 linked2 to a fragile heterochromatically staining region (h). We here report measurements localizing this region, which we designate 16qh(.76).
The promoter of the recA gene of Escherichia coli

The growth defect of a lambda phage carrying a recA-lacZ fusion was used to select mutations that reduced recA expression. Nine single base changes in the recA promoter were isolated that reduced both induced and basal (repressed) levels of expression. Deletion analysis of the promoter region and mapping of transcripts indicated that there is one main promoter responsible for both basal and induced expression. Some of the mutants displayed a lowered induction ratio, raising the possibility that there is a second, weak promoter that is not regulated by the SOS response. When one of the mutants was examined, it showed normal affinity for LexA repressor binding to the operator site. Binding of RNA polymerase to this mutant promoter, however, was much reduced. Further binding experiments suggested that LexA does not block RNA polymerase binding to the recA promoter, but inhibits a later step in initiation.
Effects of autonomic stimulation and blockade on signal-averaged P wave duration

Abstract Objectives. This study sought to evaluate the effects of autonomic stimulation and blockade on the signal-averaged P wave duration. Background. Signal-averaged P wave duration has been shown to have prognostic implications for patients prone to develop atrial fibrillation, but autonomic influences on the signal-averaged P wave duration have not been studied. Methods. In 14 healthy volunteers (8 men, 6 women; mean [±SD] age 28.5 ± 4.8 years, range 22 to 38), signal-averaged P wave duration was measured on day 1 at baseline, during sympathetic stimulation with infusions of epinephrine (50 ng/kg body weight per min) and isoproterenol (50 ng/kg per min), beta-blockade with propranolol (0.2 mg/kg) and autonomic blockade with propranolol followed by atropine (0.04 mg/kg). On a second day, 10 of the 14 subjects returned for repeat baseline recordings and recordings during parasympathetic blockade with atropine (0.04 mg/kg). Signal averaging was performed using a P wave template. Both unfiltered and filtered (least-squares fit filter with 100-ms window) P wave durations were measured. Day to day and interobserver variability were assessed by calculation of intraclass correlation coefficients. Results. The mean (±SD) baseline filtered P wave duration on day 1 was 141 ± 10 ms. Isoproterenol infusion significantly shortened the P wave duration to 110 ± 16 ms (p Conclusions. The signal-averaged P wave duration is not a fixed variable because it may change significantly under different autonomic conditions. This has important implications for the application of this test to the heterogeneous population susceptible to atrial fibrillation.
Burst generation by electrically coupled network in the snail helisoma: analysis using computer simulation.

Abstract The effectiveness of electrical coupling between neurons as a mechanism for mediating single and repetitive bursts is investigated here using computer simulation. The cyberchron network in the snail Helisoma generates repetitive bursts controlling the animal's feeding behavior and served as the basic model for the simulation studies described in this paper. The action potential properties of individual neurons were modeled by the Rall equations describing generalized action potentials. Several properties of electrical coupling and its role in burst generation were demonstrated, including: (1) A neuron in an electrically coupled network can generate action potentials at a higher frequency than an isolated neuron with similar membrane properties due to the loading through the electrical junctions. However, the ability of electrically coupled neurons to generate high-frequency bursts of action potentials requires a concomitantly greater amount of driving current to overcome the junctional loading. (2) Temporal and spatial summation of synaptic input onto a neuron is maintained at its most effective level because the postsynaptic current is integrated across the long postsynaptic membrane time constant. (3) Initial simulations concentrated on a pair of electrically coupled neurons which were below threshold. Stimulation of one of the two neurons with a short pulse resulted in a reverberation or regenerative excitation between the two neurons. The reverberation terminated after a number of action potentials dependent on the specific model parameters. Similar results were obtained with a network containing a greater number (20) of model neurons if approximately one-half of the neurons were stimulated simultaneously. However, none of the cases studied produced more than a single discrete burst. (4) Simulations were also conducted on 20-neuron networks containing two subpopulations of model neurons differing in their values of coupling resistance and excitability. Some networks of this type required stimulation of only one cell to make the two subpopulations of model neurons reverberate with one another. Such simulations suggest the possibility that ‘preferred’ input pathways involving a small number of neurons would be capable of ‘turning on’ the activity of the entire network.
A test of the reinforcing properties of stimuli correlated with nonreinforcement.

The information hypothesis of conditioned reinforcement predicts that a stimulus that “reduces uncertainty” about the outcome of a trial will acquire reinforcing properties, even when the stimulus reliably predicts nonreinforcement. Four pigeons' key pecks produced one of two 5-sec stimuli with 0.50 probability according to a discriminated variable-interval schedule. One stimulus was followed by reinforcement; a second stimulus was followed by blackout. To the same extent, therefore, both stimuli reduced uncertainty about the possibility that food would arrive at the termination of the schedule interval. When a second key in the chamber was lighted, each peck on it could produce the stimulus preceding reinforcement, the stimulus preceding nonreinforcement, a novel stimulus, or no stimulus, across separate conditions. The stimulus preceding food maintained responding at substantial levels on the second, stimulus-producing, key. Such responding was not maintained by other stimuli. These data, replicated when the stimuli were reversed on the variable-interval schedule, do not support the prediction that uncertainty-reducing stimuli are necessarily conditioned reinforcers.
Critical Magnetic Field and Transition Temperature of Synthetic High-Field Superconductors

Measurements of the critical field $\stackrel{^}{H}$ and transition temperature $\stackrel{^}{T}$ of superconducting indium in porous glass have been made using a low-frequency mutual-inductance technique. The pore sizes of the glasses are well characterized, so that 96% of the pore volume is within \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10% of the mean pore diameter $d$. Pore diameters from 65 to 250 \AA{} were used. Below $t (\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{T}{\stackrel{^}{T}})=0.5$, $\stackrel{^}{H}$ can be represented approximately by $\stackrel{^}{H}=\frac{(3415\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40)(1\ensuremath{-}{t}^{2})}{{d}^{(1.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14)}},$where $\stackrel{^}{H}$ is in kilo-oersteds and $d$ is in Angstrom units. This is in agreement with the predictions of de Gennes and Maki of ${H}_{c2}$ for type II superconductors in the dirty limit, assuming that the electronic mean free path is proportional to $d$. Above $t=0.6$, there are deviations from de Gennes's prediction for the $d$ dependence and the $t$ dependence of $\stackrel{^}{H}$. For the small pore sizes the temperature dependence of $\stackrel{^}{H}$ is qualitatively similar to the Abrikosov prediction of ${H}_{c2}$ for type II superconductors; however, near $t=1$ for the largest pore size the temperature dependence of $\stackrel{^}{H}$ is similar to that for a type I superconductor. The superconducting transition temperature $\stackrel{^}{T}$ shows a strong dependence upon $d$, so that $\stackrel{^}{T}(65 \AA{})$ is 4.23\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K compared with 3.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for the bulk indium. The dependence of $\stackrel{^}{T}$ on $d$ is conveniently represented by $\stackrel{^}{T}\ensuremath{-}{T}_{\mathrm{bulk}}=1\ensuremath{-}0.0028 d,$where $d$ is in Angstrom units. The change in $\stackrel{^}{T}$ may be due to strain, mean-free-path, or surface effects. The samples are similar to inhomogeneous type II superconductors in their magnetic properties, showing hysteresis and flux jumping.
Management of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage in Early Infancy

Ten consecutive babies ranging in age from two weeks to five months, with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and pulmonary artery hypertension, have undergone surgical correction. Seven have survived, including five of six with supracardiac type and two of three with pulmonary venous drainage to the coronary sinus. Six of the last seven operations have been successful, and there have been no late deaths in the series. Factors considered to be important in successful management include: (1) early cardiac catheterization and surgical intervention; (2) high-flow buffered blood perfusion at normothermia; (3) surgical technique aimed at wider common pulmonary vein-left atrial anastomosis; (4) use of indwelling nasotracheal tube with respiratory support for the initial 24 to 48 hours postoperatively; (5) restricted fluid administration in the early postsurgical period; and (6) detailed attention to acid-base balance.
Heat shock protein 70 upregulation by geldanamycin reduces brain injury in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of geldanamycin post-treatment on the development of secondary brain injury and neurological deficits in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. CD-1 mice received stereotactic injection of collagenase type VII into the right basal ganglia. Treatment groups were administered 1 mg/kg (low dose) or 10 mg/kg (high dose) of geldanamycin. Mice were euthanized at two time-points: 24 h or 72 h. Blood–brain-barrier permeability, brain edema, and neurobehavioral deficits were assessed. Additionally, the effects of geldanamycin on heat shock protein 27 and 72; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1 beta expressions were evaluated. High dose geldanamycin significantly attenuated blood–brain barrier disruption and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobehavioral outcomes were significantly improved in some parameters by high dose treatment. Molecular results showed a marked increase in heat shock protein 72 expression in ipsilateral brain of geldanamycin treated groups with a reduction in the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Conclusion Geldanamycin post-treatment is neuroprotective in the mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Geldanamycin administration results in reduction of inflammation, preservation of blood–brain-barrier and amelioration of neurobehavioral deficits after an insult possibly by upregulation of heat shock protein 72.
Materials selection guidelines for low thermal conductivity thermal barrier coatings

Materials selection guidelines are desirable in identifying and developing alternative materials for higher-temperature capability thermal barrier coatings. Some relate to identifying candidate materials that exhibit particularly low values of thermal conductivity at high temperatures and others relate to thermodynamic stability in contact with the thermally grown oxides formed on bond-coat alloys and superalloys. By using existing theories of the minimum thermal conductivity, a materials parameter is developed that can be used to identify candidate alternatives to yttria-stabilized zirconia for high-temperature applications.
Ioffe's normal cone and the foundations of welfare economics: The infinite dimensional theory

Abstract We establish the relevance of Ioffe's normal cone for basic theorems of welfare economics in the context of a commodity space formalized as a vactor lattice and endowed with a locally convex linear topology in which the positive cone is closed.
Some issues with ATRs based on template matching

Most Automatic Target Recognition algorithms consist of multiple processing stages, starting with a `detector' to locate objects of potential interest within an image. Then a target `classifier' identifies these objects by assigning them to specific target classes. The classifier uses the localized information in the image to assign each object to one of a number of categories, called targets, or if the object is not classifiable, it might be rejected as not being a target. This paper focuses on the properties associated with certain types of classifiers when applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. A common approach to classification is to construct some type of library of known templates for the targets of interest. The objects flagged by the detector are compared to each template and, based on some figure of merit, the object is classified. A popular classification rule is to calculate the mean squared error (MSE) between the detected object and each template, and assign the object to the target type that minimizes the observed MSE. Although minimization of MSE has some intuitive appeal and is fairly easy to implement, it has undesirable properties when applied to SAR data. In this paper, we investigate the statistical properties associated with MSE classification when the underlying pixel values are drawn from a long-tailed, asymmetric distribution, as is typical for SAR data. More important, however, are the within class sources of variance that arise in realistic scenarios. These sources of variance tend to inflate the MSE, even when the candidate object is compared to the correct template. This paper explores the statistical nature of this problem and illustrates it with a series of example images.
Complex scaling method for numerical potentials

Abstract The method of complex scaling transformation can be extended to either numerical or sophisticated piecewise inhomogeneous potentials, incorporating the use of several well-established transformation theories and stable quadrature algorithms. The method is illustrated by a study of the multichannel rotational predissociations of Ar…N2 van der Waals molecules, using tabulated numerical anisotropic potentials.
Geomorphology and the World Wide Web

The Internet and the World Wide Web have brought many dimensions of new technology to education and research in geomorphology. As with other disciplines on the Web, Web-based geomorphology has become an eclectic mix of whatever material an individual deems worthy of presentation, and in many cases is without quality control. Nevertheless, new electronic media can facilitate education and research in geomorphology. For example, virtual field trips can be developed and accessed to reinforce concepts in class. Techniques for evaluating Internet references helps students to write traditional term papers, but professional presentations can also involve student papers that are published on the Web. Faculty can also address plagiarism issues by using search engines. Because of the lack of peer review of much of the content on the Web, care must be exercised in using it for reference searches. Today, however, refereed journals are going online and can be accessed through subscription or payment per article viewed. Library reference desks regularly use the Web for searches of refereed articles. Research on the Web ranges from communication between investigators, data acquisition, scientific visualization, or comprehensive searches of refereed sources, to interactive analyses of remote data sets. The Nanga Parbat and the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) Projects are two examples of geomorphologic research that are achieving full potential through use of the Web. Teaching and research in geomorphology are undergoing a beneficial, but sometimes problematic, transition with the new technology. The learning curve is steep for some users but the view from the top is bright. Geomorphology can only prosper from the benefits offered by computer technologies.
Review: Nomenclature and Biologic Significance of Cytokines Involved in Inflammation and the Host Immune Response

This is a brief review of 42 cytokines and interleukins that are involved in inflammatory and immune responses. The cytokines are listed in tables organized as hematopoietic growth factors, interferons, lymphokines, monokines, chemokines, and other cytokines. Information on each cytokine includes the most commonly used abbreviations, the former or alternative names and abbreviations of the cytokines, the cells that form the major sources of production of the cytokines, the major biologic actions of the cytokines, and references to recent reviews or primary literature. Minor biologic actions and minor cellular sources of the cytokines may not be listed. This review should be useful as a quick reference guide to the cytokines and interleukins.
Effects of contaminants and charge transfer on the molar absorptivities of fullerene solutions

Abstract Fullerene molar absorptivities in the visible region for C60 and C70 in toluene are given, along with methods of estimating mass fractions, contamination, and charge exchange in mixed fullerene solutions. Molar absorptivities for C60 in the UV and visible and that of ethyl carbazole in the UV are also reported.
Nda Rewrite Packaging and Stability Guidelines, and Chemistry Requirements for Abbreviated New Drug Applications

AbstractA brief review of Form 356H as revised by the NDA rewrite procedures as published in the Federal Register Vol. 59, No. 36, Friday, February 22, 1985, is presented. With regard to the new Form 356H, those sections which are applicable to the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) are addressed and explained with emphasis on the requirements for chemistry, manufacturing and controls. Also, highlights of requirements for the submission of supplements to an approved ANDA are discussed. Any recent revisions to packaging and stability guidelines are stressed. In the case of packaging for parenteral products in plastic containers, an addendum which addresses toxicity studies which are not included in the USP is offered.
Unilateral locus coeruleus lesions facilitate motor recovery from cortical injury through supersensitivity mechanisms

Previous research has indicated that noradrenergic infusions into the cerebellum contralateral to a sensorimotor cortex injury facilitate recovery of motor function. In the present study, the locus coeruleus was lesioned at 2 weeks prior to, 1 week prior to, or simultaneous with a right sensorimotor cortex injury, and functional recovery in response to noradrenergic cerebellar infusions was measured using the beam-walk task. When the locus coeruleus lesion was separated from the sensorimotor cortex lesion by 1 week or more, noradrenergic-induced facilitation of functional recovery occurred with the greater effects observed at the 2-week interval. Simultaneous locus coeruleus and sensorimotor cortex injury with cerebellar noradrenergic infusions revealed no difference in functional recovery. The results suggest that denervation supersensitivity and/or sprouting developed in the cerebellum following the locus coeruleus lesions if a sufficient amount of time elapsed before the sensorimotor cortex injury. The heightened sensitivity to noradrenergic infusions in the contralateral cerebellum suggests that noradrenergic changes in this structure underlie the acceleration of functional recovery from the cortical injury.
Large rotating states of a conducting elastic wire in a magnetic field: subtle symmetry and multiparameter bifurcation

In this paper we consider large-amplitude, steadily rotating states of a flexible, nonlinearly elastic, current-carrying wire in a magnetic field. Our formulation leads naturally to a multiparameter bifurcation problem. A detailed local analysis is ostensibly intractable, due to the presence of the rotation group SO(2). However, we identify an additional, more subtle symmetry, which enables a standard local bifurcation analysis via group-theoretic methods. In contrast to well known methods of local equivariant bifurcation theory, we first exploit the group invariance of the full problem (before performing a local reduction) to construct a reduced problem that is also amenable to a global analysis, which we provide.
Design of reversible, cysteine-targeted Michael acceptors guided by kinetic and computational analysis.

Electrophilic probes that covalently modify a cysteine thiol often show enhanced pharmacological potency and selectivity. Although reversible Michael acceptors have been reported, the structural requirements for reversibility are poorly understood. Here, we report a novel class of acrylonitrile-based Michael acceptors, activated by aryl or heteroaryl electron-withdrawing groups. We demonstrate that thiol adducts of these acrylonitriles undergo β-elimination at rates that span more than 3 orders of magnitude. These rates correlate inversely with the computed proton affinity of the corresponding carbanions, enabling the intrinsic reversibility of the thiol-Michael reaction to be tuned in a predictable manner. We apply these principles to the design of new reversible covalent kinase inhibitors with improved properties. A cocrystal structure of one such inhibitor reveals specific noncovalent interactions between the 1,2,4-triazole activating group and the kinase. Our experimental and computational study enabl...
Tomorrow's elders with disabilities: what the wireless industry needs to know

Since the baby boom decades of 1946–1964, decreasing fertility rates and increasing lifespans have led to worldwide growth of the elder population. This growth is already challenging healthcare systems, family structures, and national economies. The growing population of elders is also focusing attention on the changes in mental, physical, and sensory abilities that come to everyone who lives long enough and to those with chronic disabilities due to accident or illness. This new focus is reshaping traditional perceptions of who the world is designed for and the potential of design to meet the challenges of an aging population. As the baby boom generation enters its elder years, it is adding urgency to these challenges. Besides its formidable size, the baby boomer generation promises to be different from previous elder generations in abilities, behaviours, expectations, and available resources. Baby boomers have learned to expect great things from design and technology, especially wireless information and ...
Induction of SV40 transplantation antigen (TrAg) during the lytic cycle.

Abstract Simian virus 40 transplantation antigen (SV40 TrAg) developed in a permissive cell system, African green monkey kidney (AGMK), after infection with active SV40. Hamsters that had received a tumor-inducing dose of SV40 at birth, followed by vaccination with infected AGMK or CV-1 cells during the latent period, were used as the test system for development of tumor resistance. The appearance of SV40 TrAg was blocked by either an inhibitor of protein synthesis or by a level of actinomycin D (5 μg/ml) that inhibits both early and late viral functions. It was not blocked by inhibitors of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis or by a level of actinomycin D (0.5 μg/ml) that permits the expression of early viral functions. When virus matured in the infected cells in the absence of chemical inhibitors, or after drug withdrawal, the yield of infectious virus was not sufficiently high to account for the development of tumor resistance in the hamsters. The ability of infectious SV40 to induce tumor resistance in hamsters was related to the quantity of tumor-inducing virus given to newborn hamsters: animals given large amounts of SV40 at birth were refractory toward immunization by even high levels of infectious virus. However, these animals could be immunized by intact SV40-infected AGMK cells.
Plotting Maternity in Three Persons

This performance text examines complexities of personal and maternal identity in family life. Speaking in first, second, and third person voices, the author offers autoethnographic accounts of the ...
Testing for hydrogen—a-106 steel compatibility

Abstract Hydrogen compatibility of A-106 pipeline steel was systematically investigated for various stress states, strain rates and stress ranges using different specimen geometries and loading configurations. Test samples were either exposed to hydrogen during testing or had been precharged by exposure to gaseous hydrogen at pressure to 14 MPa. Ductility reduction, changes in fracture mode, decreases in fracture energy and reductions in low cycle “ratcheting” (fatigue) life were observed although no delayed failures were seen. These adverse effects were associated with the severity of the stress state to which the material was subjected and with geometrical constraints such as machining marks, scratches and notches.
POLAR observations of coherent electric field structures

The POLAR plasma wave instrument often detects coherent electric field structures in the high altitude polar magnetosphere. The structures appear to be positively charged potentials which are found to move both up and down the ambient magnetic field. Typical estimated velocities and parallel scale sizes are the order of 1000 km/s and 100-1000 meters, respectively. We have observed the structures at radial distances of 2.02 to 8.5 Re and L shells of 6 - 12+, although the they are likely to occur over a broader range of space than suggested by this initial study. The structures are responsible for some of the the spectral features of broadband electrostatic noise, and are similar to recent GEOTAIL and FAST observations of solitary waves.
Reframing Community Partnerships

This chapter explores the evolving landscape of the urban college from the perspective of Cuyahoga Community College in Cleveland. It frames innovative and creative ways to develop unique partnerships with local high schools and employers, exemplified by the best collaborative practices of Cuyahoga and other community colleges.
A theoretical framework for the analysis of the west nile virus epidemic

We present a model for the growth of West Nile virus in mosquito and bird populations based on observations of the initial epidemic in the U.S. Increase of bird mortality as a result of infection, which is a feature of the epidemic, is found to yield an effect which is observable in principle, viz., periodic variations in the extent of infection. The vast difference between mosquito and bird lifespans, another peculiarity of the system, is shown to lead to interesting consequences regarding delay in the onset of the steady-state infection. An outline of a framework is provided to treat mosquito diffusion and bird migration.
On the Identities of the Matrices over the Grassmann Algebra

Abstract The aim of this paper is to find an (upper) bound for the multiplicities of the cocharacters for the identities of the algebra E m -the matrix algebra of order m with entries from the infinite dimensional Grassmann algebra E . We study, for this purpose, in more detail the relation between the ordinary and the graded identities of a given Z 2 -graded algebra that satisfies some specific graded identities (we call them Capelli and anti-Capelli). It turns out that for such algebras there is a pretty close link between the ordinary cocharacters and multiplicities from one hand and the graded ones from the other. The information obtained in Sections V and VI is especially useful for the cocharacters and multiplicities related to "large" diagrams. This examination makes it possible to get an upper bound for the multiplicities of the cocharacters for the identities of E m , that is very similar to the bound for the multiplicities in the case of the identities of the "ordinary" matrices over afield of characteristic zero.
On the forcing of the radial-vertical circulation within cyclones—part 1: concepts and equations

Following the theoretical result of Eliassen, the Sawyer-Eliassen equation for frontal circulations and the equation for forcing the meridional circulation within a circumpolar vortex are extended in isentropic coordinates to des-cribe the forcing of the azimuthally averaged mass-weighted radial-vertical circulation within translating extratropical and tropical cyclones. Several physical processes which are not evident in studies employing isobaric coordinates are isolated in this isentropic study. These processes include the effects of pressure torque, inertial torque and storm translation that are associated with the asymmetric structure in isentropic coordinates. This isentropic study also includes the effects of eddy angular momentum transport, diabatic heating and frictional torque that are common in both isentropic and isobaric studies. All of the processes are modulated by static, inertial and baroclinic stabilities.
Non-destructive detection of watercore in apple with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging method in radiology is used to obtain images of watercore and its distribution in ‘Red Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). The uneven distribution of mobile water and its NMR relaxation times, spin-lattice (T1 and spin-spin (T2, produce signals that are used to reconstruct cross-sectional images. From the variation of signal intensity in the images, detailed internal structures of apple fruit, including petal bundle, endocarp, outer limit of carpel, dorsel bundle of carpel, cortex of receptacle, pith of receptacle and seeds, can be discerned. Both the normal and watercored tissues can also be clearly differentiated on the images. Based on NMR images, watercore occurred primarily in the area ±20 mm from the center of the fruit of an affected apple, and the area most affected was between 5 and 10 mm from the center, toward the stem end.
An energetic and economic simulation for the evaluation of transportation policy

Abstract The role of transportation in a regional economy is explored with a simulation model under various levels of energy availability and highway funding. Several policy options are investigated. Increased highway funding did not induce additional urban growth once energy started to be limiting in the whole system. Under these energy-limiting conditions, increases in the proportion of energy alloted to transportation also failed to induce urban growth. Decreases in energy flow to the highway sector helped conserve the fuels. Reduction in gasoline consumption without a tax surcharge did not conserve total fuel use, while reduction with a tax surcharge did help conserve fuels.
Clinical aspects of ALS in Gulf War veterans.

The increased incidence of ALS in military veterans of the first Persian Gulf War raised speculation that they may have a ‘Persian Gulf’ variant of ALS with atypical clinical features. Medical records of military veterans with ALS, previously identified in our epidemiological study, were evaluated for clinical features (age and site of onset, race, unexplained atypical findings) and ventilator-free survival. Comparisons between deployed versus non-deployed cohorts were made with deployment status based on designation by the Department of Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) or by self-report. Other than the young age of onset in both cohorts (40.8 years overall mean; 40.1 years for DMDC deployed, 41.2 years for DMDC non-deployed), review of the medical records failed to document any atypical features. After adjusting for bulbar onset, median survival from symptom onset in those ≥40 years of age was 35.5 months (2.96 years) compared to 64.7 months (5.39 years) in the group <40 years of age (hazard ratio (HR...
The care and feeding of medical nuclear instrumentation.

Medical nuclear instrumentation is sufficiently subject to infirmities and malfunctions that proper maintenance and handling ("care and feeding") of such equipment is of major importance. Machines respond to many of the comforts and perquisities considered good for people. For example, when an instrument "comes into the world" (installation) its longevity and good performance depend, in part, on a proper installation. Instruments, like humans, need cool clean air and a healthful environment. By the same rules that guide people into good living habits, good operating principles will improve the effectiveness of instruments. Finally, when illness strikes, prompt diagnosis and efficacious therapy are as indicated for instrumentation as for people. Application of these principles by concerned and knowledgeable users of medical nuclear instrumentation will improve the chances that the instrumentation will properly serve the patient. Further these considerations will enhance the likelihood of successful and accurate diagnosis.
Expanding Horizons with Chameleon: Team Missouri’s Innovative Home Automation System

Team Missouri’s 2009 Solar Decathlon entry featured a revolutionary home automation system, Chameleon, promoting both convenience and energy savings. This was accomplished using the typical controls of a convenience based automation system, while maintaining user set points, such as a home’s ambient temperature, in the most energy efficient manner. Environmental features of the system include controls for home heating, ventilation and air conditioning, lighting, windows, shades, appliances, indoor air quality, as well as indoor and outdoor irrigation. Further analysis and refinement to the prototype system displayed at the competition is also presented in this paper.
24X7@PHL:Vectoring

24X7ATPHL:Vectoring is an investigation into the novel usage of time-based animation software and procedural modeling as a method for visualizing time-based quantitative data via construction of a qualitative, two-dimensional rendering. Treated as an experiment that follows the most basic rules of time-lapse photography, 24X7ATPHL slows down and composites accumulated data on traffic (customer pickup and drop off) over seven days traffic at an international airport. The result not only notates the generations and changes in patterns, but also shows the beauty that can be found in data while unlocking the emergent potential for design. The second in the 24X7@PHL series, Vectoring is based on extraction of the resultant NURBS geometries as a methodology for understanding the specific conditions of movement created by the interaction of existing architecture and users, the results of which are currently being used to develop a new speculative masterplan for the international airport.
On the stimulated radiative decay of metastable states

I discuss the possibility of observing stimulated gamma emission by direct transition from long-lived metastable states of isomer nuclei, considering the effects of surplus emission-line broadening, so-called “laser lethargy,” and so on. A scenario and the configuration of an eventual experiment are presented.
The US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center: Midwestern Biomass as a Resource for Renewable Fuels

The Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center is one of three Bioenergy Research Centers establish by the US Department of Energy and the only one based at an academic institution. The Center’s mission is to perform basic and applied science to enable economically and environmentally sustainable production of liquid fuels derived from biomass. The research is focused on converting plant biomass into soluble sugars and the sugars into fuels. A large group focused on sustainability informs and guides the applied research to ensure that new technology will provide the required environmental benefits.