cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relating Acceptance and Optimism to E-File Adoption

Electronic tax filing is an emerging area of e-government. This research proposes a model of e-filing adoption that identifies adoption factors and personal factors that impact citizen acceptance of electronic filing systems. A survey administered to 260 participants assesses their perceptions of adoption factors, trust and self-efficacy as they relate to e-file utilization. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to evaluate the relationships between adoption concepts and intention to use e-filing systems. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Longterm Follow-Up of Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism and a Normal Lung Scan: Perfusion Scans in Embolic Suspects

There is widespread acceptance of the thesis that in a patient with suspected embolism, a normal perfusion lung scan excludes the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism. However, limited published data exist which validate this thesis. We have explored this question by longitudinal follow-up of 68 patients who were referred for lung scanning to rule out embolism and proved to have normal perfusion lung scans. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism among these patients were similar to those reported in prior series of patients with pulmonary embolism. Our data support the widely-held views that: 1) a normal perfusion lung scan excludes the diagnosis of clinically significant pulmonary emboli; 2) the diagnostic work-up for suspected pulmonary embolism need not extend beyond a normal perfusion scan; 3) anticoagulant therapy can be discontinued after a normal perfusion scan, except in the presence of documented venous thrombosis; and 4) a normal lung scan has the same value in ruling out embolism in man as does a normal pulmonary angiogram.
MicroRNAs and the cellular response to rapamycin: Potential role in diagnosis and therapy

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major regulator of cell growth, motility and angiogenesis that is often deregulated in malignancies. mTOR inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of renal-cell carcinoma and mantle-cell lymphoma. Currently, second generation mTOR inhibitors are under clinical evaluation.1 Major challenges remain the identification of patients who will respond to mTOR inhibitors, and the development of therapeutics that can overcome intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance. There are currently no biomarkers that predict tumor response to mTOR inhibitors.
Beyond Tricyclics: New Ideas for Treating Patients With Painful and Refractory Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms

Beyond Tricyclics: New Ideas for Treating Patients With Painful and Refractory Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms
CD1d-restricted iNKT cells, the ‘Swiss-Army knife’ of the immune system

Natural Killer T cells are a distinct lymphocyte lineage that regulates a broad range of immune responses. NKT cells recognize glycolipids presented by the non-classical MHC molecule CD1d. Structural insight into the TCR/glycolipid/CD1d tri-complex has revealed an unusual and unexpected mode of recognition. Recent studies have also identified some of the signaling events during NKT cell development that give NKT cells their innate phenotype. Pathogen-derived glycolipid antigens continue to be found, and new mechanisms of NKT cell activation have been described. Finally, NKT cells have been shown to be remarkably versatile in function during various immune responses. Whether these extensive functional capacities can be attributed to a single population sensitive to environmental cues or if functionally distinct NKT cell subpopulations exist remains unresolved.
Northern Blot Identification of mRNA Containing Sequence for Protein Allergen, Alt a1, in Eight Strains of Alternaria Alternata

Background Concentrations of Alt a 1, a major allergen from Alternaria alternata extracts, exhibit significant batch-to-batch variability. This variability may result from basic strain-related genetic differences or from enviromental influences such as growth conditions or extraction methods. Objective The objective of this work is to determine if strain-to-strain allergen variability in Alternaria alternata , Alt a 1 allergen occurs at the nucleic acid level. Methods We compared the content of mRNA for a segment known to contain sequence coding for the reported N-termini of this allergen in eight strains of Alternaria obtained from three individual sources grown under identical conditions. RNA was extracted from rapidly growing mycelia and analyzed by northern blot analysis for the content of a specific segment containing sequence for the Alt a 1 allergen. Blots were also analyzed for the content of a specific 5.8S rRNA, the calculated concentrations of Alt a 1 mRNA of seven of the eight strains were similar. Conclusions The results of these experiments suggest that this Alt a 1 related allergen sequence is found in many strains of Alternaria and that variabilities in allergen protein content noted previously result from posttranslational events.
Following Instructions on a Final Examination: An Informal Look

Of a total of 914 undergraduate college students over 5 years 600 (about 66%) were in full compliance with a simple instruction for how to enter their names on their final examination papers; approximately 33% were not. The compliance rate over the years declined from 73% to 59%.
Ontology guided autonomous label assignment in wrapper induced tables with missing column names

Formulating and executing queries over distributed, autonomous and heterogeneous resources is an important research area. The advent of the Internet and the Web and their inherent ubiquity have brought forth opportunities to query these information sources in an automated and independent manner. In the domain of information extraction, automatic wrapper generation has been well studied but the efficacy of the current wrappers are limited by the fact that automatic annotation of column names to the extracted tabular data is yet to be perfected. In this paper, we propose a novel annotation system that can assign meaningful column names to the extracted tables for subsequent queries. We enhance our prototype wrapper system FastWrap with this annotator to support fast and autonomous on-the-fly data integration and ad hoc declarative querying.
Public policy and the socioeconomic mortality differential in infancy

This paper discusses some of the findings and policy implications of a recently completed study of socioeconomic differences in infant mortality in eight metropolitan areas of Ohio at three points in time. The study revealed that, in spite of a considerable decline in the overall rate of infant mortality since 1960, the inverse socioeconomic differential remains as wide as ever. This clearly suggests that, although maternal and child health has improved overall, the lower economic groups in our society still do not have equal access either to health care or to other amenities essential to the maintenance of good health. Moreover, consideration of recent and current policy proposals with respect to welfare programs in general, and maternal and child health care programs in particular, leads to the conclusion that this situation is not likely to change in the near future. Finally, some policy recommendations for enhancing the health status of low-income families are offered.
Does optimal recall performance in the adaptive memory paradigm require the encoding context to encourage thoughts about the environment of evolutionary adaptation

This study examined whether encoding conditions that encourage thoughts about the environment of evolutionary adaptation (EEA) are necessary to produce optimal recall in the adaptive memory paradigm. Participants were asked to judge a list of words for their relevance to personal survival under two survival-based scenarios. In one condition, the EEA-relevant context was specified (i.e., you are trying to survive on the savannah/grasslands). In the other condition, no context was specified (i.e., you are simply trying to stay alive). The two tasks produced virtually identical recall despite participants in the former condition reporting significantly more EEA context-relevant thoughts (i.e., the savannah) than did participants in the latter condition (who reported virtually no EEA-related thoughts). The findings are discussed in terms of (1) survival as a target of natural selection and (2) the role of evolutionary theory in understanding memory in modern humans.
Pressure Recovery in Rectangular Constant Area Supersonic Diffusers

Experimental results on the performance of a supersonic diffuser consisting of a constant area duct with rectangular cross section are reported. The influence of the Reynolds number (4 x 10 <ReD <4 x 10), Mach number (1.76<M<2.88), a boundary-layer parameter (0.04<5VD<0.20), and the duct length (L/D= 15, 30, 45, 60) on the optimum pressure recovery with a clean test section have been investigated. A unified viewpoint based on the variables of the experiment is developed and certain results in the literature together with the current findings are correlated. These graphical interpolations appear to be new and as a useful tool to predict diffuser performance, they simplify the design of new diff users of the straight duct type.
Tissue distribution of mRNAs encoding the α isoforms and β subunit of rat Na+,K+-ATPase

The tissue distribution of the multiple forms of rat Na+,K+-ATPase was examined at the molecular level with cDNA probes specific for the alpha, alpha (+), alpha III and beta subunit mRNAs. Northern and slot blot analyses demonstrate that these mRNAs are produced in a tissue-specific manner. RNAs encoding the alpha (+) isoform are detected in kidney, brain, heart, adipose, muscle, stomach and lung, whereas alpha III RNA is detected in brain, stomach and lung. Both alpha and beta mRNAs are present in all the tissues studied, although at very different levels. Examination of heart tissue in greater detail demonstrates that the levels of mRNA encoding the alpha subunit are greater in the atria than in the ventricles, while the converse is true for alpha (+).
Coral mass bleaching and reef temperatures at Navassa Island, 2006

Abstract Bleaching and associated mortality is an extreme threat to the persistence of coral populations in the projected warming regime of the next few decades. Recent evidence indicates that thermal bleaching thresholds may be affected by water quality gradients. The unexpected encounter of a coral mass bleaching event at a remote, uninhabited Caribbean island (Navassa) during a routine reef assessment cruise in November 2006 provided the opportunity to characterize bleaching responses and thermal exposure in an oceanic area with negligible continental influence or human impact on water quality. The coral taxa most susceptible to bleaching were Agaricia spp. and Montastraea faveolata . Siderastraea siderea , Diploria spp. and Porites porites were intermediately affected, while Porites astreoides and Montastraea cavernosa were minimally affected and negligible bleaching was observed in Acropora palmata . Bleaching prevalence (colonies > 4 cm diameter) ranged from 0.16 to 0.63 among sites. Deeper sites (between 18 and 37 m) had significantly higher prevalence of bleaching than shallow sites ( In situ loggers indicated temperatures over 30 °C initiated at shallow sites in mid-August, at deeper sites in early September, and were persistent at all sites until mid-October. Long term (1983–2007) climatologies constructed from AVHRR SSTs suggest that the mass bleaching event observed at Navassa in 2006 corresponded with greater intensity and duration of warm temperature anomalies than occurred in 2005, for which no in situ observations (bleaching nor temperature) are available.
Capillarity and dielectrophoresis of liquid deuterium

The ponderomotive force, exerted upon all dielectric liquids by a non-uniform electric field, can be used for the remote, voltage-controlled manipulation of 10 to 100??L volumes of cryogenic liquids. This liquid dielectrophoretic (DEP) effect, imposed by specially designed electrodes, combines with capillarity to influence the hydrostatic equilibria of liquid deuterium. A simple, one-dimensional model accurately predicts the measured meniscus rise of D2 against gravity for sufficiently wide, parallel electrodes. For narrow electrodes, where the sidewalls influence the equilibrium, a finite element solution using the Surface Evolver software correctly describes the shape of the meniscus. A bifurcation phenomenon previously observed for room temperature dielectrics is also observed in liquid deuterium. Cryo-DEP actuation has potential applications ranging from metering precise volumes of liquid deuterium for laser target fuelling to manipulation of liquid nitrogen for cryo-preservation of biological samples.
Measuring emotional valence during interactive experiences: boys at video game play

This paper describes the use of facial electromyography (EMG) as a measure of positive and negative emotional valence during interactive experience. Thirteen boys played a car racing video game on an Xbox platform while facial EMG data were collected. Through video review positive and negative events during play were identified. The zygomaticus muscle EMG, which controls smiling, was found to be significantly greater during positive events as compared to negative. The corrugator muscle EMG, which controls frowning, was found to be significantly greater during negative events. The results of this study demonstrate that positive valence can be measured during interactive experiences with physiologic measures. This study also found that the corrugator EMG can still measure negative valence during high intensity interactive play in spite of the confounding factor of mental effort. These methods appear useful for associating the player's emotion with game events, and could be applied to HCI in general.
Rates of net absorption of fat when fed alone or with essential nutrients.

SummaryThe net rate of fat absorption, following a test meal of olive oil, was found to be 3.9 g/24 hr/250 g rat. When WR-1339 (800 mg/kg) was injected iv into rats similarly fed olive oil, fatty acids were found to accumulate in the blood plasma at a similar rate. These rates, however, were 30% lower than that observed during prolonged ad libitum consumption of a high-fat diet and were almost 50% lower than that found among fasted rats when fed the same high-fat diet.
Identification of Nine Genomic Regions of Amplification in Urothelial Carcinoma, Correlation with Stage, and Potential Prognostic and Therapeutic Value

We performed a genome wide analysis of 164 urothelial carcinoma samples and 27 bladder cancer cell lines to identify copy number changes associated with disease characteristics, and examined the association of amplification events with stage and grade of disease. Multiplex inversion probe (MIP) analysis, a recently developed genomic technique, was used to study 80 urothelial carcinomas to identify mutations and copy number changes. Selected amplification events were then analyzed in a validation cohort of 84 bladder cancers by multiplex ligation-dependent probe assay (MLPA). In the MIP analysis, 44 regions of significant copy number change were identified using GISTIC. Nine gene-containing regions of amplification were selected for validation in the second cohort by MLPA. Amplification events at these 9 genomic regions were found to correlate strongly with stage, being seen in only 2 of 23 (9%) Ta grade 1 or 1–2 cancers, in contrast to 31 of 61 (51%) Ta grade 3 and T2 grade 2 cancers, p<0.001. These observations suggest that analysis of genomic amplification of these 9 regions might help distinguish non-invasive from invasive urothelial carcinoma, although further study is required. Both MIP and MLPA methods perform well on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DNA, enhancing their potential clinical use. Furthermore several of the amplified genes identified here (ERBB2, MDM2, CCND1) are potential therapeutic targets.
Aging associated changes in amygdalar corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and CRH-binding protein in Fischer 344 rats.

Abstract Behavioral adaptation in aging may become impaired from abnormal expression of amygdalar corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and/or CRH-binding protein (CRH-BP). In this study, we serially sectioned the amygdala in 4-, 12-, and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats following perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. We determined the amount of CRH and CRH-BP containing cells as well as the density of fibers expressing CRH or CRH-BP utilizing densitometric methods. Images were digitized using Zeiss Axiovision software and densitometrically analyzed using Scion Image. Both sides were analyzed in sections cut at 30 μm thickness. Cell counts of CRH-BP containing cells in the basolateral and lateral nucleus of the amygdala were lower in 24-month-old rats vs. 4-month-old rats, respectively (mean cells/section ± SE): 31 ± 6 vs. 72 ± 10 (n = 3; P
Seed Transmissibility of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Soybean

Collectively, this report provides unequivocal evidence on Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) seed transmission in soybean. Infected seed may serve as a reservoir for survival and spread of AMV in soybean....
Fluorescence fingerprints to monitor total trihalomethanes and N -nitrosodimethylamine formation potentials in water

Water samples from 56 lakes of Missouri, USA, were analysed for their fluorescence excitation/emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy and the formation potentials of total trihalomethanes (TTHM) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Comparing the excitation/emission matrix fingerprints with trihalomethanes formation revealed that water with higher fluorescence intensity generally exhibited higher trihalomethanes formation potential. Moreover, waters with fluorescence centre at excitation: 290–310 nm/emission: 330–350 nm were related to high N-nitrosodimethylamine and trihalomethanes formation potentials. The results suggest that excitation/emission matrix fingerprints could be used as surrogate parameters for monitoring trihalomethanes and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potentials.
FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF NONLINEAR OPTICAL SIDE CHAIN METHACRYLATE COPOLYMERS IN DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE : AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Abstract Copolymers prepared by free radical initiation of various ratios of two comonomers, 2-[methyl[4-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]ethyl 2-propenoic acid ester (C2ANS) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) are used in the fabrication of nonlinear optical (NLO) devices at Hoechst Celanese. Since the production of these polymers is on the kilogram scale, it was important to optimize the reaction condition to maximize the conversion to high molecular weight product. A set of 22 statistically (D-optimal) designed experiments was run where the variables were temperature (55–75° C), ratio of C2ANS to MMA, the 2,2′-azobis[2-methyl-propanenitrile] (AIBN) concentration, and the level of a coupling agent. Initiator concentration, the ratio squared of the monomers, and the temperature are the most important factors for the polymer percent and the polymer yield. The concentration of the coupling agent, the ratio squared of the monomers, and the interaction of the ratio with the coupling agent are the key factors for the polymer molecular weight. Three-dimensional plots of these measured values show that the highest molecular weight polymer, with a 90% or better yield, is obtained at a temperature of 64–68° C for a ratio of 45–46:55–56 C2ANS:MMA using 1 mol% AIBN.
Identification of Mammaglobin B, a Novel Member of the Uteroglobin Gene Family ☆

In this report, we have identified, sequenced, and characterized the expression pattern of a novel human gene, mammaglobin B. Mammaglobin B (MGB2) is highly homologous to mammaglobin (MGB1), a previously characterized human gene whose expression is limited to the mammary epithelium and frequently up-regulated in human breast cancer cells. Based upon amino acid sequence similarities, both mammaglobin and mammaglobin B may be considered members of a larger, mammalian multigene family that includes rabbit uteroglobin, human Clara Cell 10-kDa protein (CC10), and the multimeric rat prostatein protein. Together with the human CC10 gene, mammaglobin and mammaglobin B are closely linked on human chromosome 11q13. However, despite their primary sequence similarity and close chromosomal proximity, the expression of mammaglobin and mammaglobin B is nonconcordant in both nonmalignant and neoplastic tissue.
An Experimental Verification of a Conceptual Heat-Pipe Radiator

The radiator and its vulnerability to damage is one of the main criteria in automotive design. This study employed heat pipes in simulated radiators to transfer waste heat to the surrounding environment. A small-scale heat-pipe radiator module was designed using a computer program. Experimental tests were performed on this module to validate the design methodology and to study the vulnerability characteristics. The tests were conducted for a wide range of operating parameters such as air velocity, coolant flow rates, and the number of heat pipes damaged. The study indicated that a heat-pipe radiator may provide the necessary ``limp home`` capability to a vehicle, even with 50 percent of the pipes damaged. Also, with the radiators operating at less than peak load (slower vehicle speed), the undamaged heat pipes substantially compensated for the damaged heat pipes, adding to the reliability of the system.
Teaching of Writing in Psychology: A Review of Sources

(1982). Teaching of Writing in Psychology: A Review of Sources. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 143-147.
THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF NORMAL RAT THYMUS.

Thymic lipids (representing 2.6% of tissue wet weight) from two strains of normal, adult, white rats have been subjected to a variety of chromatographic techniques and chemical analyses leading to the complete separation and quantification of lipid components. Neutral lipids and phospholipids were separated on silicic acid by a batch procedure; neutral lipids represented from 66 to 80% of total lipids. Individual neutral lipids were separated isolated using column chromatography on Florisil; neutral lipids were mainly triglycerides (82–85%), with cholesterol (6–10%) and cholesterol esters (3–4%) representing significant contributions to the total; smaller amounts of lower glycerides and free fatty acids were also present. Individual phospholipids were separated isolated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on Silica Gel G; 8 phospholipids were identified with phosphatidyl choline (49–50% of total), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (19%), phosphatidyl inositol (12%), sphingomyelin (10–11%), phosphatidyl serine (5–7%) representing the main components; small amounts of lysolecithin, phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin were also present. The fatty acid composition of the isolated lipid fractions was determined by quantitative gas-liquid chromatography. Among the neutral lipids, unsaturated fatty acids predominated (48–80% of total acids); among unsaturated fatty acids, oleic linoleic represented the largest proportion, although in certain of the lower glycerides hexadecatrienoic acid represented 35 to 52% of total fatty acids; of the saturated acids, palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids constituted the majority. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in most, but not all, of the phospholipids; this relationship depended on the strain of rat. Although oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids comprised a large portion of the unsaturated acids, large amounts of C20 to C24 polyunsaturated acids were also found in all phospholipids. Palmitic, stearic, arachidic and behenic acids represented the bulk of the saturated acids in phospholipids; however, large amounts of 26: o were also found in a number of phospholipids.
Control of broadband radiated sound with adaptive structures

Active structural acoustic control using adaptive structures has been demonstrated for harmonic disturbances. This paper presents an extension of this work to the attenuation of acoustic radiation from structures subject to broadband disturbances. An adaptive, multi-input multi-output (MIMO), feedforward broadband acoustic control system has been developed based on the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. The compensators are adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The control inputs are implemented with piezoelectric ceramic actuators. Both far-field microphones and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) structural sensors designed to observe the efficient acoustic radiating modes are used as error sensors. The disturbance is band-limited zero mean white noise and is implemented with a point force shaker. In the control of harmonically excited systems, satisfactory attenuation is possible with a single-input single-output (SISO) controller. In contrast, for systems excited with broadband disturbances, a MIMO controller is necessary for significant acoustic attenuation. Experimental results for the control of a simply supported plate are presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Angiographic assessment of patency and reocclusion: preliminary results of the Dutch APSAC Reocclusion Multicenter Study (ARMS).

The main objective of the ARMS (APSAC Reocclusion Multicenter Study) trial was to obtain patency and reocclusion data. in an open multicenter study, a total of 156 patients were treated with 30 U of anistreplase or anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (APSAC) within 4 h after onset of pain. Patency of the infarct-related vessel was assessed by coronary angiography performed 90 minutes after anistreplase administration. in those patients with a patent infarct-related vessel at 90 min, repeat coronary angiography was performed at 24 h to assess the reocclusion rate. Two independent cardiologists evaluated the angiograms and scored the coronary artery perfusion of the infarct-related vessel. The preliminary data of the first 148 patients indicate that the patency rate at 90 min was 73–75% and the reocclusion rate at 24 h was 4%. This patency rate corresponds with previous studies. The low reocclusion rate is noteworthy and probably reflects the prolonged action of anistreplase.
Spontaneous alternation and D-amphetamine

Forty male rats were tested for spontaneous alternation in a Tmaze following doses of d-amphetamine sulfate, ranging from 1.0 to 4.0mg/kg. Doses of 3.3 and 4.0mg/kg significantly reduced alternation (p<.005), while doses of 2.0 mg/kg or less did not.
Rheology of a suspension of elastic particles in a viscous shear flow

In this paper we consider a suspension of elastic solid particles in a viscous liquid. The particles are assumed to be neo-Hookean and can undergo finite elastic deformations. A polarization technique, originally developed for analogous problems in linear elasticity, is used to establish a theory for describing the finite-strain, time-dependent response of an ellipsoidal elastic particle in a viscous fluid flow under Stokes flow conditions. A set of coupled, nonlinear, first-order ODEs is obtained for the evolution of the uniform stress fields in the particle, as well as for the shape and orientation of the particle, which can in turn be used to characterize the rheology of a dilute suspension of elastic particles in a shear flow. When applied to a suspension of cylindrical particles with initially circular cross-section, the theory confirms the existence of steady-state solutions, which can be given simple analytical expressions. The two-dimensional, steady-state solutions for the particle shape and orientation, as well as for the effective viscosity and normal stress differences in the suspension, are in excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations of multiple-particle dispersions in a shear flow obtained by using an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) finite element method (FEM) solver. The corresponding solutions for the evolution of the microstructure and the rheological properties of suspensions of initially spherical (three-dimensional) particles in a simple shear flow are also obtained, and compared with the results of Roscoe (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 28, 1967, pp. 273–293) in the steady-state regime. Interestingly, the results show that sufficiently soft elastic particles can be used to reduce the effective viscosity of the suspension (relative to that of the pure fluid).
The quantum mechanical Toda lattice, II

Abstract The aim of this paper is to establish the exact quantization conditions for the three-body Toda lattice. The Hamiltonian consists of the kinetic energy for three particles in one dimension, and of the potential energy which couples each particle to its two companions through an exponential spring. After eliminating the center of mass motion, one is left with a system of two degrees of freedom and two constants of motion, the total energy E and a third integral A which commute. Nevertheless, no transformation has been found to separate the classical equations of motion or Schrodinger's equation. The wave function is written as a double Laurent series. Its coefficients have to satisfy two sets of recursion relations on a triangular grid where each set insures that we have a simultaneous eigenfunction of E and A. The condition for the convergence of this series can be expressed as the vanishing of a tridiagonal infinite determinant with 1 in the diagonal and the inverse of a third-order polynomial in the first off-diagonals. The coefficients in this polynomial are E and A, and the variable corresponds to a component of the wave vector associated with the wave function. This determinant can be treated exactly as Hill's, and yields the 3 components. The condition for the square integrability of the wave function requires the phase angle of the principal minors to be equal to 0, π 3 , or 2π 3 according as the representation of the cyclic groups, for each component of the wave vector. But the third condition follows from the two others. The analogy with the corresponding two-body problem is pointed out.
Making Sense of the History of Sex and Gender in Early Modern Spain

Progress in describing the sexuality of Spaniards in the past has been accomplished by a handful of disparate movements and interests – women's history, studies of the Spanish Inquisition, literary criticism, ‘queer theory’, etc. Early modern Spanish history also presents historians with some persistent debates regarding sexual behavior; most notably, the relationship between religion and sexuality. Edward Behrend-Martinez describes the different contributions, problems, and contradictory conclusions produced by scholars in this field, and proposes some paths forward in uncovering the history of early modern Spanish sexuality.
Contribution of Nutrient and Organic Matter Sources to the Development of Periodic Hypoxia in a Tributary Estuary

The seasonal formation of periodic hypoxia within tributary estuaries is influenced by multiple nutrient and organic matter sources, both autochthonous and allochthonous. In contrast to lakes and flowing rivers, allochthonous inputs to estuaries include those from near-field sources in the watershed as well as far-field sources from adjacent marine systems that contribute nutrients, organic matter, and hypoxic water via estuarine circulation. This study utilized a reduced-complexity eutrophication model to quantify the contribution of individual sources to hypoxia in the York River estuary (YRE), and assess the reductions necessary to mitigate hypoxic conditions. Results indicate that portions of the oligohaline YRE are influenced by organic loading from the watershed, while the lower mesohaline region is influenced by both internal phytoplankton production and watershed loads. In the high mesohaline, watershed organic matter and internal phytoplankton production play an equally important role during the spring; however, in summer and fall oxygen concentrations appear to respond strongly to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) entering via advection from Chesapeake Bay (CB). The polyhaline region, which is frequently the site of reoccurring hypoxia, responded primarily to advected DOC from CB. Results indicate that different regions of the YRE may require different management strategies, and highlight the strong relationship between periodic hypoxia in the lower YRE and advection of labile organic matter from CB, a far-field input that requires a regional management approach. A cross-system comparison of nutrient budgets indicates that far-field sources can comprise a large portion of total system inputs in numerous tributary estuaries.
Analysis of the complex nonlinear behavior of reacting bubble flows: steady-state multiplicity

Abstract A numerical model for the combined reaction, flow, mass and heat transfer close to gas bubbles in a continuous liquid phase is developed. The mathematical model consists of a set of highly nonlinear equations due to the strong coupling of the mass and heat transport and the reaction kinetics. Our simulation results predict that for a certain range of operating conditions, different steady states and mass transfer rates may be obtained, i.e., bubbles can be either ignited or extinguished. Furthermore, for a narrow range of conditions, three steady states are stable, i.e., “cold'', “warm'' and “hot'' bubbles may co-exist. The first two steady states are due to the classical ignition/extinction behavior in analogy to cooled CSTRs, and the third state is caused by multiplicity of the enhancement factor. Bifurcation diagrams are constructed using an efficient pseudo-arc-length continuation method coupled with a powerful Newton–Krylov-subspace solver. Bifurcation maps are generated using only matrix-vector products, thus making the computation of these maps feasible ( > 10 5 equations). Multiplicity of reacting rising bubbles has not been reported in the literature. Thus, the current study may explain several inconsistencies in experimental investigations, and it may serve as a basis for the rational design, optimization and control of bubble columns.
Infrared reflectance spectra of oxide films on aluminum-magnesium alloys

Abstract Infrared reflectance spectra of oxide films on hot rolled 3004 and 5182 aluminum alloy surfaces indicate the presence of two types of magnesium-doped aluminum oxide. Heating the samples to 350°C or more causes shifting and broadening of the 900 cm−1 aluminum-oxygen absorption band for 3004 metal, and the appearance of a magnesium-oxygen absorption band at 670 cm−1 in the reflectance spectra of both 3004 and 5182 metal. Reflectance spectra of the surfaces on cold rolled 3004 and 5182 metal show no absorption bands on unheated samples. However, results from time-temperature studies indicate that further oxidation of these samples is more rapid than in hot rolled samples. The oxides formed on cold and hot rolled 5182 metal are similar, while cold rolled 3004 metal initially forms an oxide which differs from that on hot rolled 3004 metal, exhibiting a broader absorption band at approximately 850 cm−1.
The combined use of SCF-MO calculations and frequency data in the evaluation of general harmonic force fields for molecules containing third row elements

Abstract The general harmonic force fields of several small molecules containing third row elements have been evaluated using a semiempirical method which combines SCF-MO calculations and limited frequency data. MOCIC (molecular orbital constraint using interaction coordinates) potential fields have been generated using the SCF-MO MNDO method which has recently been parameterized for third row elements. The general harmonic force field (GHFF) of molecules studied here (SO 2 , NOCl, PF 3 , PH 3 , CCl 4 , SiCl 4 , SiF 4 , SiH 4 , and SF 6 ) are all well defined from spectroscopic data. The MOCIC functions are in excellent agreement with the spectroscopic GHFFs. Comparisons of the MNDO and MOCIC functions show substantial improvement in both primary and interaction valence potential constants when the MOCIC constraint procedure is used.
Nutrition education research in weight management among adults

Abstract Nutrition education research related to weight management of adults has been reviewed with the purpose of summarizing the current knowledge, identifying future research needs, and clarifying implications for practice. Three areas of research have been identified: 1) descriptions and characterizations of obesity; 2) the search for theoretical bases for human behavior in weight management situations; and 3) experimental, quasi-experimental, and evaluation studies of nutrition education interventions. Among the theories of human behavior applied to understanding obesity and designing interventions are theories of behaviorism, social cognition theory, and reasoned action, as well as the health belief model. Treatment advances have led to longer, multi-faceted approaches that include behavior modification, cognitive interventions, social support, and relapse prevention. In spite of these advances, there is no approach that leads to significant and sustained weight losses by the majority of participants. In light of this fact, nutrition education researchers need a) to continue their search for means to meet the needs of obese individuals and b) to give high priority in future research to the prevention of obesity.
Probing Nitrogen Sensitive Steps in the Free Radical-Mediated Deamination of Amino Alcohols by Ethanolamine Ammonia-Lyase

The contribution of C-N bond-breaking/making steps to the rate of the free-radical-mediated deamination of vicinal amino alcohols by adenosylcobalamin-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase has been investigated by 15N isotope effects (IE's) and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. 15N IE's were determined for three substrates, ethanolamine, (R)-2-aminopropanol, and (S)-2-aminopropanol, using isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis of the product ammonia. Measurements with all three substrates gave measurable, normal 15N IE's; however, the IE of (S)-2-aminopropanol was approximately 5-fold greater than that of the other two. Reaction mixtures frozen during the steady state show that the 2-aminopropanols give EPR spectra characteristic of the initial substrate radical, whereas ethanolamine gives spectra consistent with a product-related radical (Warncke, K.; Schmidt, J. C.; Kee, S.-C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10522-10528). The steady-state concentration of the radical with (R)-2-aminopropanol is about half that observed with the S isomer, and with (R)-2-aminopropanol, the steady-state level of the radical is further reduced upon deuteration at C1. The results show that relative heights of kinetic barriers differ among the three substrates such that levels or identities of steady-state intermediates differ. 15N-sensitive steps are significant contributors to V/K with (S)-2-aminopropanol.
A human leukocyte antigen identified by a monoclonal antibody

Leukocyte antigens of approximate molecular weight 200,000 daltons have been described in mouse, rat, and man. We describe here the reactivities of a monoclonal antibody, GAP 8.3, which identified such an antigen on human leukocytes. We found the leukocyte antigen H-T200 on T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets, but not on erythrocytes or nonhematopoetically derived cells. Resting and activated T cells had more antigen on their surfaces than did resting B lymphocytes and EBV-transformed B cells, respectively. The leukocyte antigen was detected on approximately 75% of bone marrow cells; cells of the erythroid series comprised the negative population. The GAP 8.3 antibody and its F(ab')2 fragments had no effect on in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood cells by mitogens or allogeneic cells. Antigen isolated from T cell lines had a higher electrophoretic mobility than did antigen from B cell lines; antigen from the myeloid line U937 comigrated with that from B cell lines. In addition, we detected very small but reproducible differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the antigen on two T cell lines.
Ethanol Metabolism and Osmolarity Modify Behavioral Responses to Ethanol in C. elegans

Background Ethanol is metabolized by a two-step process in which alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is further oxidized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Although variation in ethanol metabolism in humans strongly influences the propensity to chronically abuse alcohol, few data exist on the behavioral effects of altered ethanol metabolism. Here, we used the nematode C. elegans to directly examine how changes in ethanol metabolism alter behavioral responses to alcohol during an acute exposure. Additionally, we investigated ethanol solution osmolarity as a potential explanation for contrasting published data on C. elegans ethanol sensitivity.
The effects of craniosynostosis on the brain with respect to intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure (ICP) and skull volume are intricately related. Craniosynostosis alters skull volume, and the many forms of craniosynostosis complicate the relationship to ICP even further. Patients with single-suture synostosis are less likely to experience elevated ICP than patients in whom multiple sutures, craniofacial syndromes, or both are involved. Among patients with more than one suture involved, the multifactorial mechanisms underlying elevated ICP include cephalocranial disproportion and venous outflow obstruction. Direct monitoring of ICP for at least 24 hours can aid in the diagnosis and decision making process. The management of craniosynostotic patients is diverse and necessitates a long-term plan for follow-up.
Impact of phosphorothioate substitutions on the thermodynamic stability of an RNA GAAA tetraloop: an unexpected stabilization.

This study analyzes the impact of phosphorothioate substitutions on the thermodynamic stability of a 12-nt RNA hairpin containing a 5‘GAAA3‘ tetraloop. The thermodynamic consequences of stereospecific phosphorothioate substitutions 5‘ to each adenosine in the loop region are measured using optical melting and calorimetry experiments. Surprisingly, a single stereospecific phosphorothioate substitution 5‘ to the second adenosine of the tetraloop, Rp-A7, results in a stabilization corresponding to a Δ(ΔG37°C) of approximately −2.9 kcal mol-1 (0.1 M NaCl) when compared with that of an unmodified sample. Five other phosphorothioate-substituted samples did not show significant thermodynamic differences in comparison with the unsubstituted samples. Addition of Mg2+ to all of the hairpins studied results in increased tm's that are fit with a general electrostatic model to a dissociation constant of Kd(Mg2+) ∼ 2−3 mM (0.1 M NaCl). The Rp-A7 phosphorothioate-substituted hairpin showed an unusual decrease in tm and ...
Close association of the 33 kDa extrinsic protein with the apoprotein of CPa1 in photosystem II

The structural arrangement of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein and the 49/53 kDa apoprotein of CPa1 were investigated in oxygen-evolving photosystem II preparations. N-Hydrosuccinimidobiotin (NHS-biotin) was used to label accessible amino groups in control, NaCl-, CaCl2- and alkaline tris-washed membranes. Labeling of the apoprotein of CPa1 was observed in treatments which removed the extrinsic 33 kDa protein. The water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) was used to crosslink proteins with complementary charged groups in close proximity to one another. Two crosslinked complexes of the extrinsic 33 kDa and the CPa1 apoprotein were observed at 76 and 65 kDa. These complexes were not formed in membranes lacking the 33 kDa extrinsic protein. Finally, the homobifunctional cleavable crosslinker, dithiobis[succinimidylpropionate] (DTSP), was used to reversibly crosslink the 33 kDa extrinsic protein with the apoprotein of CPa1 in oxygen-evolving PS II core complex preparations. These results suggest a very close association of the extrinsic 33 kDa protein and the apoprotein of CPa1 in the photosynthetic membrane. We suggest that the apoprotein of CPa1 may provide a binding site for the 33 kDa extrinsic component.
Tritiation of protein antigens of Plasmodium knowlesi schizont-infected erythrocytes using pyridoxal phosphate-sodium boro[3H]hydride

Abstract The protein antigens of Plasmodium knowlesi schizont-infected red blood cells (SI-RBCs) and normal RBCs were compared using the pyridoxal phosphate/NaB3H4 method. Permeation of the outer SI-RBC membrane by the pyridoxal phosphate anion was enhanced since unlike normal RBCs it was not possible to exclusively label surface membrane proteins without concurrent haemoglobin labelling. Under conditions of minimal haemoglobin labelling a subset of total susceptible SI-RBC proteins (Mr 125 000, 50 000, 45 000 and 30 000) were labelled that were absent from normal RBCs and which may be surface proteins. The Mr 125 000 band labels much more readily than Band 3, the normal anion transporter, suggesting that it may be a new anion transporter in the SI-RBC membrane. At higher pyridoxal phosphate concentrations additional bands (Mr 230 000, 180 000, 165 000, 145 000, 107 000 and 72 000) were labelled exclusively with SI-RBCs. The new pyridoxal phosphate-labelled proteins had altered electrophoretic mobility and reduced Coomassie Blue staining, both properties assisting in their identification. Antigen analysis using Protein A-Sepharose and sera from infected monkeys demonstrated that all new 3H-labelled proteins were SI-RBC-specific antigens. One very high Mr antigen (> 250 000) recognized only by homologous strain antisera may represent a strain-specific antigen.
Animal Models for Tumor Immunotherapy -- A Commentary*

The participation of host defense mechanisms in the control of cancer, and their beneficial utilization in the treatment of cancer, particularly when combined with cancer chemotherapy as chemoimmunotherapy, is being recognized increasingly as important [2, 4, 6-10, 12-16, 19, 22]. Nevertheless, as noted in a recent commentary [26], " . . . the immune response may play a role in stimulating tumor g rowth . . . Therefore, it is clear that during the coming decade, further work on the role of the host-tumor relationship will need to be dissected out." Thus, despite many promising reports, immunotherapy of cancer is viewed as experimental treatment. At present, it is largely limited to immunomodulating agents. A better understanding of the biological effects of immunomodulating agents clearly is essential for their safe and effective utilization. The administration of an immunomodulator can result in an augmented or decreased immune response depending on a number of factors (e.g., route of administration, dose, schedule, immunocompetency of the host). Also, it is recogn!zed that immunotherapy is most effective only if the host's tumor load is low; hence, many therapeutic attempts are based on the experimentally-established principles [11-16, 20, 21] of tumor cytoreduction with chemotherapy or surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy followed by, interspersed with, and carefully timed with immunotherapy. Consequently, the identification of biological and scheduling principles to achieve the most effective integration of local (i.e., surgery and/or radiotherapy) and systemic (i.e., chemotherapy and immunotherapy) treatments requires knowledge. The latter may be', gained by monitoring biological and immunologic effects before, during, and after combined modality therapy. Clearly, consid-
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Schiff Bases. II. Imines Extracted from Aqueous Solution

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to study netural imines formed from various aldehydes and primary amines in aqueous solution. The imines are then extracted into CDCl3 and their formation constants in the aqueous phase are calculated as a function of pD. The results are in agreement with previous studies. Decoupling experiments are used to prove that additional splitting of the proton spectrum is due to long range coupling rather than syn-anti isomerism. The possibility of utilizing the formation of Schiff bases in aqueous solution for synthetic purposes is discussed and the 13C magnetic resonance spectrum of the imine, isolated from the reaction of 2-thiophenecarbaldehyde and n-butylamine, is reported.