cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical organization of series information by rats: Series chunks and list chunks

Abstract In each of three runway experiments, rats received 24 trials per day organized by temporal grouping into two daily repetitions of two discrete six-item series (Series A and B). In turn, instructions to organize both series into two discrete lists (Lists 1 and 2) were presented in the form of brightness (Experiment 1) or tactile (Experiments 2 and 3) grouping cues. List 2 of Series A consisted of the three trial outcomes reinforcement (R), nonreinforcement (N), reinforcement (R) in each experiment; List 2 of Series B was always RNN. In each experiment, rats learned to anticipate all of the events of List 2, running fast to R and slow to N. Of particular interest was the development of differential responding to the terminal R and N events, behavior that could not have been regulated by intralist information as those trials were preceded by RN in both series. The data suggest List 2 was represented as a functional unit, or list chunk, its elements anticipated on the basis of a representation of one or more items from List 1. At a minimum, the List 1 items that signaled List 2 consisted of the last item in List 1 (Experiment 1), the first item in List 1 (Experiment 2), and a representation of List 1 items 1 and 2 that maintained information about their order. Transfer tests accompanying Experiment 1 yielded an important novel finding that grouping cues are functionally independent of the items they serve to organize.
Evaluation of the need to modify antiarrhythmic therapy because of drug intolerance or inefficacy in patients evaluated by electrophysiology study

The incidence of recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) and drug intolerance after therapy guided by electrophysiology study (EPS) leading to a change in antiarrhythmic therapy is unknown. To explore this issue, we studied 138 patients undergoing EPS with a serial drug-testing protocol. Patients were followed for 24 +/- 21 months (range 1 to 91 months) for recurrent VT, drug intolerance, or both. At baseline EPS, sustained VT (76%), nonsustained VT (20%), and ventricular fibrillation (4%) were induced. On discharge antiarrhythmic therapy, 70 (51%) patients were noninducible (< 16 beats) and 68 (49%) patients remained inducible. Of the 138 patients, 56 (41%) required modification of antiarrhythmic therapy (change in drug or dose) for recurrent VT (n = 20) or drug intolerance (n = 36). These events occurred early during follow-up (8 +/- 12 months). Patients who were rendered noninducible had a greater likelihood of remaining free of antiarrhythmic modification than patients who remained inducible at 1-year (68% and 60%, respectively) and 2-year (63% and 52%, respectively) follow-up examinations (p < 0.05). Likewise, the noninducible patients had a greater likelihood of remaining free of recurrent VT than inducible patients at 1-year (95% and 80%, respectively) and 2-year (92% and 80%, respectively) follow-up testing (p < 0.025). In contrast, the likelihood of remaining free of drug intolerance was similar between inducible and noninducible patients at 1 year (72% and 75%, respectively) and 2 years (69% and 65%, respectively). We conclude that antiarrhythmic therapy guided by EPS requires early modification in more than 40% of patients during follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EXPRESSION OF A MITOGEN-RESPONSIVE GENE ENCODING PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE IS REGULATED BY MRNA SPLICING

Abstract Rous sarcoma virus was shown to induce in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) a 4.1-kilobase mRNA (designated CEF-147) encoding a 603-amino acid protein. Analysis of the protein sequence showed that it shared 59% amino acid identity with sheep prostaglandin G/H synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting steps in the production of prostaglandins. Significant differences, at both the protein and mRNA levels, existed between the src oncogene product-inducible prostaglandin synthase and the protein isolated and cloned from sheep seminal vesicle, suggesting that the src-inducible prostaglandin synthase may be a new form of the enzyme. A distinguishing feature of src-inducible prostaglandin synthase mRNA is its low abundance in nonproliferating chicken embryo fibroblasts and its relatively high abundance in src-transformed cells. Additionally, the majority of the src-inducible prostaglandin synthase RNA present in nonproliferating cells was found to be nonfunctional because of the presence of an unspliced intron that separated the signal peptide from the remainder of the protein. Upon mitogenic stimulation, this intron was removed, resulting in the induction of fully-spliced CEF-147 mRNA.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of arene-chromium and -molybdenum complexes

The CH4 CI mass spectra of arenechromium tricarbonyls (Ar = benzene, toluene, fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, mesitylene, and methyl benzoate), mesitylenemolybdenum tricarbonyl, cycloheptatrienechromium tricarbonyl, and dibenzenechromium have been obtained. The spectra are interpreted in terms of predominant metal protonation of the complexes. The most abundant ion in the spectrum of dibenzenechromium is the molecular ion which perhaps results from H atom loss from the protonated ion. Comparisons are made between gaseous ionic and solution behavior of these compounds.
Nanoparticle Immobilization on Surfaces via Activatable Heterobifunctional Dithiocarbamate Bond Formation

A simple and reliable technique has been developed to deposit robust monolayers of different types of nanoparticles including gold, iron-platinum, and core/shell CdSe/ZnS, using in situ dithiocarbamate formation.
A BPM calibration procedure using TBT data

Accurate BPM calibration is crucial for lattice analysis. It is also reassuring when the calibration can be independently verified. This paper outlines a procedure that can extract BPM calibration information from TBT orbit data. The procedure is developed as an extension to the Turn- By-Turn lattice analysis [1]. Its application to data from both Recycler Ring and Main Injector (MI) at Fermilab have produced very encouraging results. Some specifics in hardware design will be mentioned to contrast that of analysis results.
Applications of adaptive filtering to ECG analysis: noise cancellation and arrhythmia detection

Several adaptive filter structures are proposed for noise cancellation and arrhythmia detection. The adaptive filter essentially minimizes the mean-squared error between a primary input, which is the noisy electrocardiogram (ECG), and a reference input, which is either noise that is correlated in some way with the noise in the primary input or a signal that is correlated only with ECG in the primary input. Different filter structures are presented to eliminate the diverse forms of noise: baseline wander, 60 Hz power line interference, muscle noise, and motion artifact. An adaptive recurrent filter structure is proposed for acquiring the impulse response of the normal QRS complex. The primary input of the filter is the ECG signal to be analyzed, while the reference input is an impulse train coincident with the QRS complexes. This method is applied to several arrhythmia detection problems: detection of P-waves, premature ventricular complexes, and recognition of conduction block, atrial fibrillation, and paced rhythm. >
Preliminary study of electric stimulation on premature ejaculation in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome or chronic prostatitis

Abstract Purpose To investigate the clinical efficacy of electric stimulation on the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) or chronic prostatitis (CP). Material and methods Fourteen patients who complained with voiding syndromes, defecation disorder, pelvic pain and sexual problems were included in this prospective study. The white blood cells in prostatic expressed secretion of these patients were less than 10 per high-power field. In addition to the therapy of alpha-blocker, muscle relaxant and anti-cholinergics, six weekly cessions of electric stimulation were given on lithotomy position for specific group of patients. These patients whose PE scale scored as 4 or greater and the intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IVELT) as 2 or greater were noted. PE was graded on a scale of 0 to 8 (0 = almost never, 8 = almost always). The IVELT was graded on a scale of 0 to 3 (0 = longer than 5 min, 3 = shorter than 1 min). These scales were graded before the initiation and 6 weeks after the treatment. Results The mean age of 14 patients was 44 years old. The mean pre-treatment PE and IVELT scale was 5.78 ± 0.14 and 2.78 ± 0.18, respectively. The PE and IVELT scale after electric stimulation treatment was 4.0 ± 0.60 ( P = 0.026) and 1.5 ± 0.35 ( P = 0.006). Seven patients (50%) reported the improvement of PE after electric stimulation. The PE and IVELT scale after treatment was 2.2 ± 0.60 ( P = 0.0022) and 0.14 ± 0.35 ( P P = 0.86) and 2.80 ± 0.38 ( P = 0.55). Conclusion Electric stimulation seems to have a benefit on improving PE in patients with CPPS/CP in our preliminary prospective study. Electric stimulation may be an important and encouraging part of the treatment modalities in PE.
Characteristics of high performance PFETs with embedded SiGe source/drain and channels on 45/spl deg/ rotated wafers

PFETs with embedded-eSiGe S/D are demonstrated for the first time on rotated wafers with channels. Improved short-channel behavior is achieved. The performance variation is reduced because hole mobility is less sensitive to both transverse and longitudinal stress. Hence, embedded SiGe on rotated wafers have improved robustness for short-channel pFETs.
Hybrid Arc/Glow Microdischarges at Atmospheric Pressure and Their Use in Portable Systems for Liquid and Gas Sensing

This paper reports on DC pulse-powered microdischarges in air at atmospheric pressure and their potential utility in chemical sensing. For electrode gaps of 50-100 mum, microdischarges take the form of a glow discharge, an arc discharge, or a hybrid of the two. Arc microdischarges have high optical intensity but suffer from high background emission. Glow microdischarges have low background emission, but the prominent emission is confined in the UV-blue region of the spectrum. The arc-glow hybrid has characteristics that are intermediate between the two and can be tuned by circuitry to suit the chemical sensing application. A handheld system for chemical analysis using synchronized emission spectroscopy of these pulsed microdischarges is demonstrated. The system employs an exchangeable sensor chip (different for gas and liquid samples), a control circuit, and a commercially available portable spectrum analyzer coupled to a handheld computer. A pump and inert carrier gases are not utilized. The system can generate one or a series of single-shot microdischarges per chemical analysis. The gas discharge microchip, which utilizes electroplated copper electrodes on a glass substrate, has an electrode separation of 75 mum and an active area of 300times300 mum2. The handheld system has been used to detect 17 ppm of acetone vapor in air. The liquid discharge microchip also has an electrode gap of 75 mum and an active area of 1times1 mm2. It uses a porous cathode fabricated by micromolding and sintering glass frit slurry in a microchannel. When a microdischarge is initiated between the metal anode and the wet cathode, the liquid is sputtered into the microdischarge and emits characteristic line spectra. In this configuration, the system can detect 2 ppm of aqueous Cr without preconcentration.
Dependency and Trade Orientation

‘Dependency,’ or ‘Dependencia’ in the Latin American literature, is a many-splendored thing. It has had a variety of interpretations and has been the subject of a vast literature over the last two decades. Rather than attempting to provide a review of these — often conflicting — writings, this essay sets out to analyze the key propositions of the dependency school that are common to most, if not all, of those under its banner.
Investigating the variation of orientation tuning in a computational model of the visual cortex

The visual cortex contains well-ordered maps for visual features such as orientation. Existing computational approaches have demonstrated that biologically realistic global organization can be obtained. However, specific local properties such as variability in orientation tuning have not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this paper is to provide a computationally grounded interpretation of the evolution of topographic properties of cortical maps.
Spore Peptidoglycan Structure in a cwlD dacB Double Mutant of Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis cwlD and dacB mutants produce spore peptidoglycan (PG) with increased cross-linking but with little change in spore core hydration compared to the wild type. A cwlD dacB double mutant produced spores with a two- to fourfold greater increase in PG cross-linking and novel muropeptides containing glycine residues but no significant changes in spore resistance or core hydration.
WTA - Waveform-based Timing Analysis for deep submicron circuits

Existing static timing analyzers make several assumptions about circuits, implicitly trading off accuracy for speed. In this paper we examine the validity of these assumptions, notably the slope approximation to waveforms, single-input transitions, and the choice of a propagating signal based on a single voltage-time point. We provide data on static CMOS gates that show delays obtained in this way can be optimistic by more than 30%. We propose a new approach, Waveform-based Timing Analysis (WTA) that employs a state-of-the-art circuit simulator as the underlying delay modeler. We show that such an approach can achieve more accurate delays than slope-based timing analyzers at a computation cost that still allows iterations between design modification and delay analysis.
The Color of Language: The Racialized Educational Trajectory of an Emerging Bilingual Student

This article examines how bilingual programs are often guided by larger social constructs of race and language ideologies that give rise to the often inconsistent, and even contradicting, perceptions of Latina/o, Spanish-speaking students' academic preparedness and abilities. I examine a number of language ideologies as they manifested in a case study of an emerging bilingual student who went from being labeled at risk in a pre-K remedial bilingual program to gifted in a kindergarten two-way dual-language program, as he naturally progressed through one of the school district's bilingual education trajectories.
The evaluation of library services: a concise review of the existing literature

SE PRESENTA UNA RESENA BIBLIOGRAFICA DE LOS ESTUDIOS MAS SOBRESALIENTES SOBRE EVALUACION DE LOS SERVICIOS BIBLIOTECARIOS, EN DONDE SE SENALA SU ORIGEN Y DESARROLLO A PARTIR DE LA DECADA DEL 60. EN FORMA CRONOLOGICA, SE COMENTAN AQUELLOS APORTES ESTIMADOS POR EL AUTOR COMO CLASICOS O MAS SIGNIFICATIVOS EN LO REFERENTE A LOS ASPECTOS CONSIDERADOS EN LA EVALUACION DE LOS SERVICIOS BIBLIOTECARIOS; ALGUNOS DE LAS CUALES SON LOS RELATIVOS ALA EVALUACION DE COLECCIONES, EVALUACION DEL SERVICIO DE REFERENCIA, ANALISIS COSTO-EFICIENCIA Y COSTO-BENEFICIO, ASI COMO OTROS INCORPORADOS RECIENTEMENTE, ENTRE LOS QUE DESTACAN EL RANGO Y ALCANCE DE LOS SERVICIOS, LA COOPERACION DE RECURSOS Y LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA SATISFACCION DE LAS NECESIDADES DE INFORMACION DE LOS USUARIOS. SE INCLUYE UNA BIBLIOGRAFIA SELECTIVA SOBRE EL TEMA..
What does moral phenomenology tell us about moral objectivity

Moral phenomenology is concerned with the elements of one's moral experiences that are generally available to introspection. Some philosophers argue that one's moral experiences, such as experiencing oneself as being morally obligated to perform some action on some occasion, contain elements that (1) are available to introspection and (2) carry ontological objectivist purport—that is, they purport to be about objective, in the world, moral properties or relations. In our article, we examine one version of this sort of argument that we call the “argument from phenomenological introspection.” Our investigation involves, first, clarifications of the various issues that are prominent in the argument from phenomenological introspection. We then proceed to argue that the argument from phenomenological introspection fails; that although one's moral experiences may carry ontological objectivist purport, whether they do or do not carry such purport is not something available to introspection. We call this claim of ours the “neutrality thesis”—the phenomenological data regarding one's moral experiences that is available to introspection is neutral with respect to the issue of whether such experiences carry ontological objectivist purport.
The Two-Machine Job-Shop with Exponential Processing Times

Using a generalized random walk model, we analyze the problem of processing a fixed number of jobs on each of two machines. The order of processing is unconstrained, and the processing times are exponential random variables. Rather simple formulas are obtained for the machine idle time distribution and the mean makespan.
Removal of Mode 10 Surface Ripples in ICF PAMS Shells

Plastic spherical shells made by microencapsulation show a surface roughness over modes within the range 7–20, generically termed “the mode 10 problem.” The roughness mode number corresponds with t...
Efficient Spectrum Sharing with RF Diversity: Adapting to Nonlinearity of Front Ends

RF front-end characteristics significantly impact the performance of the receiver. Receivers are vulnerable to harmful adjacent channel interference, especially in shared spectrum environments, which allow a free-style of spectrum access with diverse receiver technologies accessing the same band of spectrum. Channel assignments agnostic to receiver characteristics can have a severe detrimental effect on network level performance of a wireless network. In this paper, we develop a novel dynamic channel assignment framework which accounts for the vulnerabilities posed by RF front end, in particular, receiver pre-selector bandwidth and front-end nonlinearity. We further propose an approximate, heuristic, greedy algorithm for channel assignment which is computationally efficient and provides a near-optimal solution. We demonstrate through simulations that the developed framework of receiver characteristics aware dynamic channel assignment will substantially improve the network-wide data rate, and thereby the overall spectrum efficiency of the wireless network. We further demonstrate that the approximate algorithm provides a near-optimal solution for channel assignment in the statistical sense.
SERIAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PULMONARY ARTERIAL MEASUREMENTS PREDICT SURVIVAL IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION PATIENTS

We aimed to determine the prognostic value of baseline and serial computed tomography (CT)-based metrics of main pulmonary artery diameter (mPA) and the ratio of mPA to ascending aortic diameter (ratio PA) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). In 136 consecutive PH patients (age 63±13, 58
College Women and Alcohol: A Relational Perspective

Little attention has been paid to college women's drinking, partly because women drink less than college men do, partly because they are less likely to get into trouble with the authorities, and partly because women have only recently been understood to develop differently and to have different needs from those of men. Recent theories stress the importance of relationships in women's development, identity, and self-esteem and failures in mutuality and intimacy as contributing to subjective pain and dysfunction. These theoretical formulations suggest a new understanding for women's use of alcohol, one that emphasizes drinking as a way of being with others, of seeking acceptance from peers, and of numbing the pain that comes from relationships that do not work. Women are at greater risk of being abused when drinking, and women who have been sexually or physically abused are at greater risk for abusing alcohol.
Esophageal Actinomycoses Mimicking Malignancy

Actinomycosis is caused by anaerobic bacteria and rarely affects the esophagus. We present a case of esophageal actinomycosis in a 55-year old woman that mimicked malignancy. The patient presented with dysphagia and weight loss. Preoperative esophagogastroscopic biopsy revealed purulent material, but was inconclusive. Endoscopic ultrasonography suggested esophageal cancer, and chest computed tomography showed a mass in the lower esophagus surrounded by inflammation. The patient underwent esophagogastrectomy, and histopathology examination of the specimen revealed distal esophageal actinomycosis. Preoperative diagnosis of esophageal actinomycosis is difficult, but clinicians should be aware of its unusual presentations and its ability to mimic malignancy.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates Inflammation and Mycobacterial Survival in Human Macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. We previously showed that M. tuberculosis infection in mice induces expression of the CO-producing enzyme heme oxygenase (HO1) and that CO is sensed by M. tuberculosis to initiate a dormancy program. Further, mice deficient in HO1 succumb to M. tuberculosis infection more readily than do wild-type mice. Although mouse macrophages control intracellular M. tuberculosis infection through several mechanisms, such as NO synthase, the respiratory burst, acidification, and autophagy, how human macrophages control M. tuberculosis infection remains less well understood. In this article, we show that M. tuberculosis induces and colocalizes with HO1 in both mouse and human tuberculosis lesions in vivo, and that M. tuberculosis induces and colocalizes with HO1 during primary human macrophage infection in vitro. Surprisingly, we find that chemical inhibition of HO1 both reduces inflammatory cytokine production by human macrophages and restricts intracellular growth of mycobacteria. Thus, induction of HO1 by M. tuberculosis infection may be a mycobacterial virulence mechanism to enhance inflammation and bacterial growth.
The significance of combined assays of anti Saccharomyces cerevisia antibody and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody on differentiatial diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease

Objective To assess the value of combined assays of anti Saccharomyces cerevisia antibody (ASCA) and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA) in differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Nineteen patients with IBD, including 9 patients with Crohn's disease(CD) and 10 patients with ulcerative colitis(UC), and 18 healthy subjects were enrolled into study. Serum levels of pANCA and ASCA (IgG and IgA) were measured by indirect immunofluorescence technique and a standardized ELISA, respectively. Results The serum levels of ASCA IgG and ASCA IgA in CD patients (18.51± 6.38 and 11.74 ± 5.46 ) were significantly higher than those in UC patients ( 6.98 ± 5.24 and 3.88 ± 3.52 ) and healthy subjects( 5.90 ± 4.12 and 4.62 ± 3.21 )respectively (P 0.05 ). The sensitivity of pANCA in diagnosis of UC was 80%, and no case was positive in both CD patients and healthy controls. Conclusion The present study indicated that ASCA and pANCA had diagnostic specificity in patients of CD and UC. It was conceivable that ASCA as a marker correlated with CD while pANCA as an immunological index related to UC. The combination of ASCA and pANCA test had the differential diagnostic value in IBD patients.
Transfer Pricing in the Courts: A Cross-Country Comparison

One open question in formulary versus “arm’s length” transfer pricing debate is the extent to which countries have already achieved some of the goals of formulary methods by accepting the use of “profit split” methodologies within their “arm’s length” pricing regimes. This paper analyzes the last ten years of transfer pricing cases in four English-speaking jurisdictions to see whether courts have used profit split methodologies to reach results similar to those that would be reached under a formulary system. The results of the survey are somewhat surprising. First, the use of profit split methodologies seems to have decreased rather than increased over time. Taxpayers have learned how to structure transactions to make these methodologies less relevant. Second, their use rarely if ever overcame the effects of taxpayers’ initial allocations of functions (including risk) among related entities. In short, the fears of those initially opposed to the use of profit split methodologies – as well as the hopes of some of their proponents – seem in retrospect to have been overblown. Whether that is good news or bad news depends on one’s perspective. One lesson that can be drawn from these cases is the difficulty of affecting tax outcomes absent the consolidation for tax purposes of related entities.
Response to Comment on “A histone acetylation switch regulates H2A.Z deposition by the SWR-C remodeling enzyme”

Wang et al. report a failure to reproduce our biochemical observation that the INO80C and SWR1C/SWR1/SWR-C chromatin remodeling enzymes catalyze replacement of nucleosomal H2A.Z with H2A when the substrate contains H3-K56Q. They point to technical problems with our dimer exchange assay. In response, we have recapitulated our findings using a mobility shift assay that was developed and employed by Wang and colleagues.
HPV Awareness, Knowledge and Vaccination Attitudes among Church-going African-American Women.

Objectives The purpose of this exploratory study was to improve understanding of the sociodemographic correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes in a convenience sample of church-going, African-American women and how knowledge about HPV-related cancers relates to vaccination attitudes for girls and boys. Methods Participants (N = 308) answered survey questions about HPV awareness, knowledge, and vaccination attitudes. Associations between variables were assessed using Bonferroni-adjusted chi-square tests and regression analyses. Results Younger age was associated with having heard of HPV and willingness to vaccinate a daughter or son in covariate-adjusted analyses. Younger age and greater education were associated with knowledge that HPV causes cervical cancer. A positive association existed between willingness to vaccinate a daughter or son based on knowledge of the number of cancers associated with HPV. Knowledge that HPV was related to non-cervical cancers was significantly associated with greater willingness to vaccinate sons. Conclusions Knowledge that HPV causes multiple cancers is important to willingness to vaccinate a child. Education campaigns should emphasize that HPV is also related to non-cervical cancers. African-American women of older age and less education might benefit from church-based HPV educational campaigns.
Cryptic Species: A Leitmotif of Contemporary Mycology Has Challenges and Benefits for Plant Pathologists

ABSTRACT Multiple traditional species names for plant pathogenic fungi have been supplemented with new names that delimit formerly cryptic species. In separate instances, isolates within a species ...
The Carathéodory-Julia Theorem and the Network Realization Formula in Two Variables

Harry Dym and Donald Sarason have given independent treatments of the classical Caratheodory-Julia Theorem on the disc using operatortheoretic methods. Here, I describe some joint work with John McCarthy and Nicholas Young in which similar operator-theoretic methods are used to generalize the classical theorem to the bidisc.
Tornado Vortex Structure, Intensity, and Surface Wind Gusts in Large-Eddy Simulations with Fully Developed Turbulence

AbstractA large-eddy simulation (LES) framework with an “eddy injection” technique has been developed that ensures a majority of turbulent kinetic energy in numerically simulated tornado-like vortices is represented by resolved eddies. This framework is used to explore the relationships between environmental forcing mechanisms, surface boundary conditions, and tornado vortex structure, intensity, and wind gusts. Similar to previous LES studies, results show that the maximum time- and azimuthal-mean tangential winds {V}max can be well in excess of the “thermodynamic speed limit,” which is 66 m s−1 for most of the simulations. Specifically, {V}max exceeds this speed by values ranging from 21% for a large, high-swirl vortex to 59% for a small, low-swirl vortex. Budgets of mean and eddy angular and radial momentum are used to show that resolved eddies in the tornado core act to reduce the wind speed at the location of {V}max, although they do transport angular momentum downward into the lowest levels of the b...
Marijuana Use and Self-reported Quality of Eyesight.

Purpose There is increasing use of marijuana among young adults and more states in the United States are legalizing medical marijuana use. A number of studies have revealed both the beneficial and harmful effects of marijuana to the human system. Despite some beneficial effects, studies have shown marijuana to have a lot of deleterious effects on the visual system, which subsequently reduces the quality of eyesight. The aim of this study was to investigate if heavy marijuana smoking is associated with a poor quality of eyesight compared with light/no use of marijuana. Methods The National Longitudinal Survey of Youths (NLSY79), a nationally representative sample of 12,686 young men and women surveyed in 1979 to 2010 was used for this study. The quality of eyesight of 1304 heavy marijuana users was compared with 1304 respondents with light or no marijuana use. The t test, multivariate and weighted logistic regression were used in the data analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the self-reported quality of eyesight among heavy marijuana smokers compared with youths who never used marijuana or are light marijuana users. Among heavy marijuana smokers, males and high school graduates have decreased odds of reporting a poor quality of eyesight, whereas blacks have increased odds of reporting a poor quality of eyesight. Conclusions The self-reported quality of eyesight among marijuana users can aid clinicians and other health practitioners facilitate the development of sex-, racial/ethnic-, and educational level-informed prevention and early intervention programs and also help characterize public opinions regarding cannabis, which are particularly relevant given the ongoing debate concerning the medicalization and legalization of cannabis in the United States.
Smart adaptive boot for ankle instability treatment

Smart Wearables in the technology industry has become a desirable innovation especially when it comes to healthcare. People suffer from an ankle sprain each day and this injury accounts for almost half of all sports injuries, making the ankle sprain one of the most common soft-tissue injuries in humans. This paper illustrates the design of a smart adaptive boot that uses Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology integrate with the help of a user-friendly mobile device application. The design of the interface is proposed to be a printed circuit board (PCB) of a relatively small size that attaches to the boot. This PCB will be connected to the sensors through wires and will connect to the smart devices wirelessly. User defined comfort and range of motion is of paramount importance for this smart adaptive boot.
Database: CSI, Inc.

This assignment is suitable for upper-level database students who have a solid understanding of SQL coding, database design, administration and implementation concepts and practices. It is assigned as a term project to integrate all aspects of the students' database background and also includes research and learning opportunities in relation to disaster recovery planning and database backup and recovery. It is typically administered to three-person teams.
To Measure Is to Know

As we have seen in the previous chapter, the word ratio is connected with the idea of rational thought or calculated study. The Greek word for the same notion is logos, which has similarly acquired overlays of meanings stemming from the idea of measurement. We find it as a suffix in many academic words derived from Greek: anthropology (“study of man”), biology (“study of life”), and so on. The word logic, of course, also comes from logos.
Social and Biological Events in Infancy and Their Relevance for Later Behavior

It is incumbent on anyone writing a book on social development from an evolutionary perspective to write a chapter on attachment. Indeed, it is probably correct to state that the area of attachment theory and research has constituted the most visible triumph of an evolutionary approach within developmental psychology. There will be no attempt to review the research literature on attachment; instead I focus on some specific issues deriving from the concerns stated in Chapters 1 and 2. The purposes of this chapter are as follows: (a) to describe John Bowlby’s theory of attachment and present it as a paradigm of a modern evolutionary theory of a developmental system; (b) to consider the question of the adaptiveness of attachment in the light of contemporary evolutionary theory; (c) to relate attachment to the theory of temperament described in Chapter 2; and (d) to address several of the theoretical issues raised in Chapter 1, namely the importance of early experience, the relative plasticity of social development, and the continuity and stability of behavior.
Grassmann Registration Manifolds for Face Recognition

Motivated by image perturbation and the geometry of manifolds, we present a novel method combining these two elements. First, we form a tangent space from a set of perturbed images and observe that the tangent space admits a vector space structure. Second, we embed the approximated tangent spaces on a Grassmann manifold and employ a chordal distance as the means for comparing subspaces. The matching process is accelerated using a coarse to fine strategy. Experiments on the FERET database suggest that the proposed method yields excellent results using both holistic and local features. Specifically, on the FERET Dup2 data set, our proposed method achieves 83.8% rank 1 recognition: to our knowledge the currently the best result among all non-trained methods. Evidence is also presented that peak recognition performance is achieved using roughly 100 distinct perturbed images.
Sexual Assault on College Campuses: What Sport Psychology Practitioners Need to Know

Sexual assault is highly prevalent among the population of college students, which includes student-athletes. The context of athletics introduces unique risk factors related to alcohol consumption ...
Mechanisms of the Ethynyl Radical Reaction with Molecular Oxygen

The ethynyl radical, •C2H, is a key intermediate in the combustion of various alkynes. Once produced, the ethynyl radical will rapidly react with molecular oxygen to produce a variety of products. ...
Dungeness crab commercial fishermen's perceptions of injuries inform survey development.

INTRODUCTION The West Coast Dungeness crab fishery is high-risk for occupational fatalities. The Fishermen Led Injury Prevention Program (FLIPP) explored this worker population's nonfatal injuries and safety perspectives. METHODS Focus groups were held along the West Coast to (a) review reported injuries, (b) discuss risk factors, and (c) identify content to inform future FLIPP research activities, including survey development. Focus group data were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively. The FLIPP survey was pilot tested with groups of fishermen before broad distribution. RESULTS Nineteen fishermen participated in focus groups and 21 pilot tested the FLIPP survey. These discussions illuminated injury risk perceptions, crews' current safety provisions, and what survey items would be relevant for fishermen. CONCLUSION To engage fishermen in the process of identifying and developing injury prevention efforts, focus groups, and pilot testing were effective methods for incorporating their ideas into a survey.
Flunarizine enhances survival and regeneration of sensory and motor neurons after peripheral nerve injury

The diphenylpiperazine, flunarizine, partially prevents apoptosis after trophic factor deprivation in neural crest-derived neurons. Flunarizine protects dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) after nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal in vitro and after peripheral nerve injury in newborn rats in vivo. We have further studied the mechanisms of neuronal protection by flunarizine. Oligosomal DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis, was significantly decreased by treatment of DRG neurons with flunarizine after NGF deprivation. We examined the effect on survival of the timing of administration of flunarizine to DRG neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Flunarizine effectively rescued dissociated DRG neurons if administered up to six hours after NGF withdrawal. In vivo, flunarizine prevented DRG neuronal death after sciatic axotomy in newborn rats if given soon after injury. Long-term experiments were done to test the ability of flunarizine to protect neurons and enhance regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. Newborn rats were subjected to peripheral nerve injury and administered flunarizine for four weeks; no further treatment was given for an additional 12 weeks. The group treated with flunarizine demonstrated a significantly increased number of DRG and spinal motor neurons that had regenerated axons into the distal sciatic nerve as determined by retrograde labeling with HRR Myelinated axons in the sural nerve in the group treated with flunarizine increased by nearly two-fold compared to control animals. Thus, flunarizine was able to enhance survival and promote long-term regeneration of sensory and motor spinal neurons after peripheral nerve injury.
PROMIS physical function underperforms psychometrically relative to American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score in patients undergoing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function computer adaptive test (PF-CAT) relative to the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis undergoing primary anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Methods A retrospective study of an institutional TSA registry was performed. Preoperative PROMIS PF-CAT and ASES scores were collected. Floor and ceiling effects were determined, and convergent validity was established through Pearson correlations. Rasch partial credit modeling was used for psychometric analysis of the validity of PF-CAT and ASES question items. Person-item maps were generated to characterize the distribution of question responses along the latent dimension of shoulder disability. Results Responses from 179 patients (184 shoulders) were included. PF-CAT had a moderate correlation to ASES (r = 0.487; P Conclusion Despite moderate correlation with ASES, PROMIS PF-CAT demonstrated inferior validity and psychometric properties in patients undergoing TSA. PF-CAT should not replace the ASES in this population of patients.
LAPRA-TY for laparoscopic repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia without intracorporeal knot tying.

Case Presentation A 38-year-old man was brought in by ambulance as a trauma activation after sustaining a self-inflicted stab wound in the left upper quadrant with a kitchen knife. His primary survey was unremarkable and his vital signs were normal. Secondary survey revealed a 2 cm transverse stab wound inferior and medial to the left nipple. Extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) did not show intra-abdominal or pericardial fluid and chest X-ray did not show a definite pneumothorax or hemothorax. What would you do? Wound exploration at bedside. Admit for observation and serial examinations. Exploratory laparotomy and open repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI). Thoracotomy and open repair of TDI. Diagnostic laparoscopy and laparoscopic repair of TDI.
Synchrophasor Estimation Using Three-Quarter Fundamental Period Least Squares

Synchrophasor estimation algorithm greatly influences the performance of phasor measurement unit(PMU), so how to obtain the phasor estimation algorithm with high accuracy, good realtime performance and satisfied dynamic property is worthy to be researched. For this reason, a synchrophasor estimation algorithm based on three-quarter fundamental period least squares(TQLS) is proposed. The estimation period of TQLS is three-quarter fundamental period, namely the signals within this time-window are sampled, and according to the conclusion from formula derivation the relation between the sampled results and fundamental phasor can be attained. Utilizing least square method the phasor can be estimated by sampled results. During the whole estimation process the Tailor series expansion is not used. Theoretical analysis shows that using the proposed TQLS algorithm the fundamental phasor can be accurately estimated, meanwhile the amplitude of the frequency response of this algorithm near the fundamental frequency is flat, thus the dynamic phasor can be accurately estimated. The effectiveness of TQLS algorithm is validated by time- and frequency-domain simulation results, besides, simulation results show that the calculation amount of TQLS algorithm is equivalent to that of Fourier transformation.
Recent progress in the durability of Fe-N-C oxygen reduction electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Abstract This mini-review article review focuses on the very recent advancements in the stability and durability under operating fuel cell conditions of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. The most prominent degradation mechanisms of active site demetallation and carbon corrosion, both resulting in a relatively rapid initial performance loss, are introduced and elaborated on through recent published work, with emphasis on the role of H2O2 radicals in these two likely catalysts degradation mechanisms. The current state of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts is also discussed and several specific improvements are proposed as necessary to advance these materials towards a state of competitive stability and durability.
Cases of Early, Aggressive In-Stent Restenosis in Left Main Double Kissing (DK) Crush Technique and Treatment Options.

Abstract Background/purpose We present three recent cases at our institution that demonstrate early, aggressive in-stent restenosis (ISR) of double-kissing (DK) crush technique despite careful adherence to the technique and compliance of the patient. There are multiple percutaneous coronary intervention strategies for left main (LM) coronary artery bifurcation disease. The DK crush technique has gained popularity for the treatment of complex bifurcation lesions, including distal LM bifurcations. Methods/materials We reviewed clinical and procedural characteristics of three recent patients who presented at our tertiary center with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in the setting of early, aggressive ISR of DK crush. All patients underwent imaging-guided DK crush stenting with full adherence to all steps of the technique. Results The median age was 65 years, median follow-up was 8 months from initial DK crush, and all three patients presented with NSTEMI. Patients had significant ISR in both limbs of the bifurcation involving aggressive tissue proliferation. These patients were treated differently: intracoronary brachytherapy, direct stenting, and coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusions DK crush for unprotected LM distal bifurcation can result in aggressive ISR with tissue proliferation and target vessel failure despite adhering to all steps of the technique. More research is warranted before DK crush is adopted as the default technique for bifurcation lesions.
Radiation response of mammalian cells grown in culture. II. Survival and recovery characteristics of several subcultures of HeLa S3 cells after x-irradiation.

Three subcultures of HeLa S3 cells, which are of human origin, were studied to determine their response to x rays. The ability of the cells to retain unlimited proliferation was determined by standard tissue-culture techniques for handling single cells. Cells were irradiated with 55 kv x rays delivered at 722 rad per minute. The three subcultures showed characteristic differences in their survival parameters. Two of the subcultures had average mean lethal doses (MLD) near 100 rad, while the third had an average MLD of 131 rad. A range of average extrapolation numbers from 1.4 to 4.9 was observed, and each subculture had a different but characteristic average value. The three subcultures also contained different chromosome complements. It was not possible to correlate either the MLD or the extrapolation number with chromosome complements. In spite of this, surviving cells of all three subcultures were capable of repairing sublethal damage starting immediately after x irradiation. Repeated recovery cycles were also demonstrable when sufficient lengths of time were allowed between doses. In addition to recovery, increases in the MLD of recovered cells in some instances caused the net survival obtained after a given total dose of x rays to be considerably greater whenmore » the same total dose was fractionated. (auth)« less
The Teacher Behavior Checklist: The Mediation Role of Teacher Behaviors in the Relationship Between the Students’ Importance of Teacher Behaviors and Students’ Effort:

Background:Previous research suggests a relationship between teacher behaviors and students’ effort. However, it is not clear what role the students’ expectations (i.e., importance of teacher behav...
Identifying Account Association with Assistance from Mobile Networks using Cross-Service Attacks

In this paper, we draw attention to the problem of cross-service attacks, that is, attacks that exploit information collected about users from one service to launch an attack on the same users on another service. With the increased deployment and use of what fundamentally are integrated-services networks, such as 4G/LTE networks and now 5G, we expect that cross-service attacks will become easier to stage and therefore more prevalent. As running example to illustrate the effectiveness and the potential impact of cross-service attacks we will use the problem of account association in 4G/LTE networks. Account association attacks aim at determining whether a target mobile phone number is associated with a particular online account. The the case of 4G/LTE, the adversary launches the account association attacks by sending SMS messages to the target phone number and analyzing patterns in traffic related to the online account. We evaluate the proposed attacks in both a local 4G/LTE testbed and a major commercial 4G/LTE network. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed attacks can successfully identify account association with close-to-zero false negative and false positive rates. Our experiments also illustrate that the proposed attacks can be launched in a way that the victim receives no indication of being under attack.