cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical Bound State Electron Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide in the Strong-Field Regime

Time-dependent Hartree-Fock simulations for a linear triatomic molecule (CO(2)) interacting with a short IR (1.63 eV) three-cycle pulse reveal that the carrier-envelope shape and phase are the essential field parameters determining the bound state electron dynamics during and after the laser-molecule interaction. Analysis of the induced dipole oscillation reveals that the envelope shape (Gaussian or trapezoidal) controls the excited state population distribution. Varying the carrier envelope phase for each of the two pulse envelope shapes considerably changes the excited state populations. Increasing the electric field amplitude alters the relative populations of the excited states, generally exciting higher states. A windowed Fourier transform analysis of the dipole evolution during the laser pulse reveals the dynamics of state excitation and in particular state coupling as the laser intensity increases.
Computer-aided implementation of graphical root locus design recipes

Root locus design is an inherently iterative process by which the poles and zeros of a system are selected to provide a desirable time response. However, trial and error can be greatly reduced using graphical design recipes. With the advent of computer-aided design (CAD) tools, most of the graphical recipes lost their appeal. The authors provide procedures for the computer implementation of graphical s-domain design recipes. The procedures can be implemented using any computer-aided design package. They discuss lead, lag, lag-lead, PI, PD and PID control. Examples are provided.
Assessment of satellite rainfall products for streamflow simulation in medium watersheds of the Ethiopian highlands

Abstract. The objective is to assess the suitability of commonly used high-resolution satellite rainfall products (CMORPH, TMPA 3B42RT, TMPA 3B42 and PERSIANN) as input to the semi-distributed hydrological model SWAT for daily streamflow simulation in two watersheds (Koga at 299 km2 and Gilgel Abay at 1656 km2) of the Ethiopian highlands. First, the model is calibrated for each watershed with respect to each rainfall product input for the period 2003–2004. Then daily streamflow simulations for the validation period 2006–2007 are made from SWAT using rainfall input from each source and corresponding model parameters; comparison of the simulations to the observed streamflow at the outlet of each watershed forms the basis for the conclusions of this study. Results reveal that the utility of satellite rainfall products as input to SWAT for daily streamflow simulation strongly depends on the product type. The 3B42RT and CMORPH simulations show consistent and modest skills in their simulations but underestimate the large flood peaks, while the 3B42 and PERSIANN simulations have inconsistent performance with poor or no skills. Not only are the microwave-based algorithms (3B42RT, CMORPH) better than the infrared-based algorithm (PERSIANN), but the infrared-based algorithm PERSIANN also has poor or no skills for streamflow simulations. The satellite-only product (3B42RT) performs much better than the satellite-gauge product (3B42), indicating that the algorithm used to incorporate rain gauge information with the goal of improving the accuracy of the satellite rainfall products is actually making the products worse, pointing to problems in the algorithm. The effect of watershed area on the suitability of satellite rainfall products for streamflow simulation also depends on the rainfall product. Increasing the watershed area from 299 km2 to 1656 km2 improves the simulations obtained from the 3B42RT and CMORPH (i.e. products that are more reliable and consistent) rainfall inputs while it deteriorates the simulations obtained from the 3B42 and PERSIANN (i.e. products that are unstable and inconsistent) rainfall inputs.
Understanding engineering identity through structural equation modeling

Understanding students' self-ascribed engineering identity may be one way to understand engineering choices and to help recruit new students to the engineering pipeline. In our framework, identity is composed of students' perceptions of their performance/competence, recognition, and interest in a domain. This paper outlines the creation of a model of engineering choice based on this framework. The data utilized in this analysis come from the nationally-representative Sustainability and Gender in Engineering (SaGE) survey. Distributed during the fall of 2011, the survey was completed by 6,772 college students across the United States enrolled in first-year English courses. A structural equation model was built using previously validated constructs of mathematics, physics, and general science identities. These three constructs predict an engineering identity which, in turn, influences the choice of engineering in college. The model is a step towards a better understanding of the choice of an engineering major in college.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: can studies in engineered cells tell us why is it such a problem in people with cystic fibrosis? Focus on “Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and caveolin-1 regulate epithelial cell internalization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa”

PEOPLE WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) are surviving in larger numbers into adulthood and even middle age. Over time, acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the airways leads to progressive inflammation and cycles of pulmonary exacerbations that drive obstructive lung disease and decline in lung function. CF patients have an exuberant immune system aided by ever more powerful antibiotics that prevent sepsis and death by limiting spread beyond the airways. Yet at the same time, despite aggressive intervention to improve mucociliary clearance and fight infection from infancy, the airways become chronically colonized with specific bacteria that are difficult to eradicate. Periodically, bacteria become more invasive causing pulmonary exacerbations that lead to progressive airways damage and irreversible structural changes. The paradox between a strong immune reaction and failure to eradicate infection supports the hypothesis that there is a primary defect in innate immunity in CF.
Experiments on dynamic stiffness and damping of tapered bore seals

Stiffness and damping were measured in tapered bore ring seals with air as the sealed fluid. Excitation was provided by a known unbalance in the shaft which rotated in the test seals. Results were obtained for various seal supply pressures, clearances, unbalance amounts, and shaft speeds. Stiffness and damping varied little with unbalance level, indicating linearity of the seal. Greater variation was observed with speed and particularly supply pressure. A one-dimensional analysis predicted stiffness fairly well, but considerably overestimated damping.
A Spectroscopic Study of Diphenylmethyl Radicals and Diphenylmethyl Carbocations Stabilized by Zeolites

Photolysis of tetraphenylacetone on LZ-105 zeolites leads to diphenylmethyl radicals. Diffuse reflectance laser flash photolysis showed that most of the radicals decayed in the microsecond time scale. However, approximately 2−7% of the diphenylmethyl radicals remained as persistent radicals probably inside the zeolite channels with lifetimes of the order of weeks. The persistent radicals were detected by steady-state diffuse reflectance and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition to the diphenylmethyl radicals, stable diphenylmethyl carbocations were formed and were detected by steady-state diffuse reflectance and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
A fast moving horizon estimation algorithm based on nonlinear programming sensitivity

Moving horizon estimation (MHE) is an efficient optimization-based strategy for state estimation. Despite the attractiveness of this method, its application in industrial settings has been rather limited. This has been mainly due to the difficulty to solve, in real-time, the associated dynamic optimization problems. In this work, a fast MHE algorithm able to overcome this bottleneck is proposed. The strategy exploits recent advances in nonlinear programming algorithms and sensitivity concepts. A detailed analysis of the optimality conditions of MHE problems is presented. As a result, strategies for fast covariance information extraction from general nonlinear programming algorithms are derived. It is shown that highly accurate state estimates can be obtained in large-scale MHE applications with negligible on-line computational costs.
Using Virtual Services to Bridge the Semantic Gap

In cloud computing, data, software, and hardware are wrapped as services, which are made available on demand. Given a demand, the associated services need to interact with each other to fulfill the task. As a result, service reuse and composition are inevitable. The current prevailing Web service composition paradigms follow the bottom-up manner, i.e., the concrete services are physically constructed first. Then, some mechanisms are applied to raise the level of abstraction so that the service composition process can be performed at a higher level. However, such paradigms are very fragile. In the event that some semantic contents are missing, the composition will fail even though the majority of services may be available. In this paper, we present a service composition approach that is a combination of the bottom-up and top-down strategies. In terms of bottom-up, our approach follows the current service composition methods and tries to use existing Web services to meet the given demand. If the composition process fails, virtual services are proposed by the composer to bridge the semantic gap so that the composition process will continue. Virtual services may not have physical counterparts and may exist only conceptually. However, it provides a high-level specification for a service that is missing. This is a typical top-down manner, i.e., by following the specification, developers and designers will have clear ideas regarding what to develop to meet the given demand. Therefore, our approach can further improve the level of service reuse.
On deriving the upper bound of α-lifetime for large sensor networks

In this paper, we explore the fundamental limits of sensor network lifetime that all algorithms can possibly achieve. Specifically, under the assumptions that nodes are deployed as a Poisson point process with density λ in a square region with side length l and each sensor can cover a unit-area disk, we first derive the necessary and sufficient condition of the node density in order to maintain complete k-coverage with probability approaching 1. With this result, we obtain that if #955; = log l2 + (k+2)log log l2 + c(l), c(l) → -∞, as l → +∞, the sensor network lifetime (for maintaining complete coverage) is upper bounded by kT with probability approaching 1 as l → +∞, where T is the lifetime of each sensor. Second, we derive, given a fixed node density in a finite (but reasonably large) region, the upper bounds of lifetime when only α-portion of the region is required to be covered at any time. We also carry out simulations to validate the derived results. Simulation results indicate that the derived upper bounds apply not only to networks of large areas but also to small-area networks.
Arterial Trauma in Children: Diagnosis and Management

Ninety-two children with arterial injuries were studied over a 14 year period, 66 boys and 26 girls, whose ages ranged from 14 months to 18 years. Thirty-eight children had associated nerve injuries and 21 had orthopedic injuries as well. Interval between initial evaluation and diagnosis of arterial injury ranged from immediate to six months—76% were treated within six hours of injury and 24% had a delay of greater than six hours before diagnosis. Arteriograms were performed on 20 (21%) of the children, and 13 of these were done late. Surgical treatment consisted of local debridement and end-to-end anastomosis, ligation, exploration with thrombectomy of distal branches, or bypass grafting with vein. Three children died in the immediate postoperative period, 83 had good functional results, and six had poor functional results. Four of these six had a delayed diagnosis of arterial injury, and had injuries in arteries adjacent to the elbow or knee. We conclude that early diagnosis of arterial injury and a more liberal use of arteriography is warranted in young trauma victims, especially in cases of fractures about the knee or elbow.
A Personal Reflection on Law Teaching, or How I Became an Establishment Insider on the Outside

I assume that not all readers are au courant with the so-called crisis in legal education. Therefore, it may be useful to offer a brief description of the current problems of the legal profession and the consequent debate occurring among legal educators, bar officials, judges, and lawyers.
Productivity and diversity of morel mushrooms in healthy, burned, and insect-damaged forests of northeastern Oregon

Abstract Large commercial crops of morels are harvested annually from montane coniferous forests of the northwestern United States. Although some morels fruit annually in nondisturbed forests, others fruit copiously in areas experiencing fire, insect infestations, tree mortality, and soil disturbance. Many forest managers currently use thinning and prescribed fire to re-create forest conditions that existed before the advent of wide-scale fire suppression, thus opportunities exist to promote morel crops while achieving fire control and timber production goals. However, our limited understanding of morel productivity, diversity, and ecology hinders such synergistic management. We used morphological, genetic, and ecological data to identify and characterize five putative species found at our study sites. Three of these putative species fruited only on burned soils the first spring season following a wildfire. The other two putative species fruited in nonburned forests, in islands of nonburned soils in burned forests, or the second year following fire on burned soils. Unbiased landscape-level estimates of genus-level morel productivity (not partitioned by putative species) ranged from 80 to 4350 morels per hectare and from 0.550 to 9.080 kg per ha. Productivity followed the general trend of wildfire-burned forests>insect-damaged forests>healthy forests. We discuss the implications of our results for forest management.
Search algorithm, and simulation of elastodynamic crack propagation by modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics (MSPH) method

We first present a nonuniform box search algorithm with length of each side of the square box dependent on the local smoothing length, and show that it can save up to 70% CPU time as compared to the uniform box search algorithm. This is especially relevant for transient problems in which, if we enlarge the sides of boxes, we can apply the search algorithm fewer times during the solution process, and improve the computational efficiency of a numerical scheme. We illustrate the application of the search algorithm and the modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics (MSPH) method by studying the propagation of cracks in elastostatic and elastodynamic problems. The dynamic stress intensity factor computed with the MSPH method either from the stress field near the crack tip or from the J-integral agrees very well with that computed by using the finite element method. Three problems are analyzed. One of these involves a plate with a centrally located crack, and the other with three cracks on plates’s horizontal centroidal axis. In each case the plate edges parallel to the crack are loaded in a direction perpendicular to the crack surface. It is found that, at low strain rates, the presence of other cracks will delay the propagation of the central crack. However, at high strain rates, the speed of propagation of the central crack is unaffected by the presence of the other two cracks. In the third problem dealing with the simulation of crack propagation in a functionally graded plate, the crack speed is found to be close to the experimental one.
Comparative Efficacy of Neonicotinoids and Selected Insecticides in Suppressing Tunneling Activity of Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Turfgrass

Abstract Long-term efficacy of neonicotinoids (clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam), acephate, bifenthrin, and fipronil in suppressing the tunneling activity of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) was investigated in athletic fields in Florence, SC from June to December 2008 and 2009. The proportions of tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos) were 87% and 13% in 2008 and 78% and 22% in 2009, respectively. Plots treated with insecticides had lower ratings of tunneling damage than the untreated plots, which had the most severe damage in October of 2008 and 2009. Fipronil was the most effective insecticide, which reduced tunneling activity from 4.0 ± 0.9 to 0.8 ± 0.3 and 5.3 ± 0.3 to 1.1 ± 0.1 within two weeks after treatment (WAT) in 2008 and 2009, respectively, and maintained effective residual control until December. Neonicotinoids (all active ingredients and formulations), acephate, and bifenthrin did not perform as we...
An integrated account of the effects of acoustic variability in first language and second language: Evidence from amplitude, fundamental frequency, and speaking rate variability

This study examined how three different sources of stimulus variability—overall amplitude, fundamental frequency, and speaking rate—affect second language (L2) vocabulary learning. Native English speakers learned Spanish words in presentation formats with no variability, moderate variability, and high variability. Dependent measures were accuracy and latency of picture-to-Spanish and Spanish-to-English recall. The findings indicated that variability sources that do not affect first language (L1) word identification (amplitude, fundamental frequency) do not affect L2 vocabulary learning. Conversely, variability in speaking rate, which negatively affects L1 word identification, positively affected L2 vocabulary learning. These findings are consistent with an integrated account in which sources of variability that affect phonetically relevant properties of speech impede L1 speech processing but improve L2 vocabulary learning.
The use of subtraction libraries for the identification of RNA species upregulated in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a brain disease of unknown etiology. It is likely that individuals with schizophrenia express RNAs within their brain tissues which differ qualitatively and quantitatively from the RNAs expressed by unaffected individuals. We developed a series of brain subtraction libraries which are enriched for RNAs which are differentially expressed by individuals with schizophrenia. Analysis of these libraries identified a number of RNA species associated with brain function and the inflammatory response. In addition, we identified a number of novel RNAs which have not been previously characterized. The identification of brain RNAs which are disease associated might lead to new modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.
Coherence between emotional experience and physiology: Does body awareness training have an impact?

Two fundamental issues in emotion theory and research concern: (a) the role of emotion in promoting response coherence across different emotion systems; and (b) the role of awareness of bodily sensations in the experience of emotion. The present study poses a question bridging the two domains; namely, whether training in Vipassana meditation or dance, both of which promote attention to certain kinds of bodily sensations, is associated with greater coherence between the subjective and physiological aspects of emotion. We used lag correlations to examine second-by-second coherence between subjective emotional experience and heart period within individuals across four different films. Participants were either: (a) experienced Vipassana meditators (attention to visceral sensations), (b) experienced dancers (attention to somatic sensations), and (c) controls with no meditation or dance experience. Results indicated a linear relationship in coherence, with meditators having highest levels, dancers having intermediary levels, and controls having lowest levels. We conclude that the coherence between subjective and cardiac aspects of emotion is greater in those who have specialized training that promotes greater body awareness.
Measurement of strut loads by means of vibrating-wire strain gages

The performance of three models of vibrating-wire strain gages is judged in light of laboratory investigation and field experience. Gage models include the Telemac SC-11, Telemac SC-8, and Geonor acoustical gages. Measurement accuracy is controlled by gage sensitivity to changes in strain, zero drift of the gage readings, and thermal response. The Telemac SC-8 and Geonor gages show temperature dependencies of 2.5 microstrain/10°F (4.5 microstrain/10 K) and 1.5 microstrain/10°F (2.7 microstrain/10 K), respectively. Both of these gage models show little or no zero drift with time. The Telemac SC-11 gage shows a temperature dependency of 4.6 microstrain/10°F (8.3 microstrain/10 K) and exhibits a zero drift as high as 40 microstrain over a period of 50 days. For cross-sectional areas equal to or less than 50 in. 2 (323 cm 2 ), the Telemac SC-I 1 gage shows instrument error less than 10 percent of the strut load, provided that the gage reading has been corrected for temperature and zero drift. For similar conditions, the Telemac SC-8 and Geonor gages show an instrument error of approximately 5 percent of the strut load. The design of strut load instrumentation is detailed under five headings which provide recommendations concerning choice of gages, installation, positioning, remote observations, and supplemental measurement techniques. Strut load measurements from a 60-ft (18.2-m) deep braced cut are analyzed with respect to the special characteristics of the Telemac SC-11 gages. The magnitude and distribution of brace loads in response to the removal of bottom struts from the excavation are summarized.
NEW SPECIES OF MECYCLOTHORAX (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE, PSYDRINI) FROM POLIPOLI, MAUI DEFINE AN AREA OF ENDEMISM ON HALEAKALA VOLCANO, HAWAII

Abstract The Mecyclothorax (Sharp) fauna of isolated forest habitats in and near Polipoli State Recreation Area, Kula Forest Reserve, Maui Island, Hawaii comprises eight species, five of which are newly described: Mecyclothorax aeneipennis, new species; M. consobrinus, new species; M. cordithorax, new species; M. giffardi, new species; and M. superstriatus, new species. An identification key to Mecyclothorax species of Polipoli is presented along with diagnoses, distributional maps and illustrations. Lectotypes are designated for M. laetus (Blackburn), M. ovipennis Sharp, and M. perstriatus Sharp. Four species—M. aeneipennis, M. consobrinus, M. giffardi and M. superstriatus—are precinctive to Polipoli, and constitute respective adelphotaxa to four allopatric species distributed from the Waikamoi region thence eastward along the windward face of Haleakala Volcano. The Polipoli endemics define the forest regions of Kula Forest Reserve as an area of endemism distinct from the windward forest to the northeast...
Medical Educational Simulations: Exploring Reciprocity Between Learners’ Skills, Attitudes, and Career Intentions: A Case Study of Simulation Education Research

The purpose of this chapter is to present a case study of experiential learning in healthcare simulation through express assessment focused on measuring learners’ experiences with educational medical simulations (MedSims) with regard to three dimensions: functional skills, attitudes toward usefulness of MedSims in professional education, and career intentions. A learning-on-demand event called “Doctor for a Day Simulation Program (DOC)” attracted 510 high school students of both genders with age ranging from 14 to 18 years who were enrolled in a summer school at the National Student Leadership Conference. Learners interacted with at least four out of five types of medical simulation platforms over the period of over 4 h at the MedStar Health-affiliated Simulation and Training Environment Laboratory (SiTEL) in the metropolitan area of Washington, District of Columbia, USA. The learning experience was measured via newly developed express method based on Learning Experiences with Technology Scale (LETS) along with three domains: level of functional skills as they relate to digital technology and video gaming, attitudes toward the use of MedSims in educational training, and intentions to pursue a healthcare career. The findings demonstrate that there are no linear relationships between the individual level of functional skills and attitudes toward MedSims and that the learners with the low level of functional skills expressed positive attitudes toward MedSims in the same way as students who play video games on a daily basis and therefore have high level of skills. At the same time, positive evaluation of learning experiences with educational medical simulations was associated with expressed intentions toward healthcare career as a relevant professional choice.
The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve and Cartel Deterrence

This paper presents a novel purpose for the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) for national energy security. In a repeated game framework, this paper demonstrates how a reserve of sufficient size can potentially deter OPEC from any noncompetitive quantity-setting behavior indefinitely, thus achieving indirect energy independence. The paper derives the minimal levels of reserves necessary to maintain a steady- fillll state in dynamic equilibrium. A calibration of the model returns feasible target levels for the SPR.
Social Dislocation and Pentecostalism: A Multivariate Analysis

It has long been noted that social dislocation gives rise to mass movements. This paper attempts to relate individual histories of social dislocation to movement adherence, using respondentsfrom Palmira in the Cauca Valley of Colombia. Pentecostalism is viewed as a mass movement, involv- ing working class individuals and total changes in life-style. Multiple regression analysis de- monst rates that individuals of low SES who have experienced personal social dislocation in terms of migration and employment are more likely to become Pentecostals than theirfellows who have not had similar experiences. Primary ties are also important mechanisms for introducing lower class individuals to Pentecostalism. However, they were no more importantfor Pentecost- als who had not suffered personal dislocation than for those who had. Reports of lower class religious movements appear throughout the re- corded history of man. According to Wallace (1956), revitalization move- ments among primitives have arisen after cultural disruption, when the old culture will not easily satisfy the situational requirements and where new cultural patterns which can be appropriated by the people have not emerged. The Mediterranean mystery religions of classical and Hellenistic times are interpreted by Linton (1955) as related to dislocations and broken community affiliations concomitant with urban growth. Weis- berger demonstrates that Christian revival eras have been periods follow- ing major cultural realignments. Troeltsch (1931) finds European re- volutionary crises followed by major new religious movements. Growth of sects such as Pentecostals in the United States is connected by Holt (1940) directly to the Great Depression. Many similar conditions of social dislocation exist in developing coun- tries today. And various kinds of lower class religious movements are aris- ing in these countries in response to them. In Latin America, in particular, we can see this phenomenon occurring in the emergence and growth of Pentecostal sects. In this article, I will attempt to delineate which set of ex- periences in the lives of lower class individuals has predisposed them to- ward joining a Pentecostal organization, an affiliation that calls for a com- plete alteration of life-style and beliefs. It is hypothesized that those individuals experiencing the greatest amount of social dislocation will be the most likely to become Pentecostals.
Experimental Demonstration of a Spatial Light Modulator Few-Mode Fiber Switch for Space-Division Multiplexing

We demonstrate a 1×2 wavelength-division multiplexing switch for few-mode fiber based on a spatial light modulator. We measure its crosstalk, frequency roll-off, mode dependence and other transmission characteristics.
Studies of Listerellosis. VI. Isolation of Listerella monocytogenes from Liver of Pig

SummaryIsolation of Listerella monocytogenes from the liver of a pig unaccompanied by encephalitic symptoms is described. The presence of Listerella monocytogenes in the liver raises the question of its pathologic significance in non-encephalitic syndromes swine.
Enhancement of the antiviral activity of poly (A-U) by adriamycin and daunomycin

Summary The role ofadriamycin (ADR) and daunomycin (DMN) in modulating the antiviral activity of poly (adeylate-uri­ dylate) (poly (A-U» was examined using a human foreskin fibroblast - vesicular stomatitis virus (HSF­ VSV)bioassay in which the concentration of poly (A-U) was fixed at 0.05 mM or 0.2 mM while the ADR or DMN concentration was varied to produce ADR (or DMN)I ribonucleotide ratios ranging from 1: 16 to 2: 1. Poly (A-U), ADR and DMN were not efficacious antiviral agents when tested individually at the concentrations employed in the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combin­ ations. When the ADR or DMN was combined with the poly (A-U) to produce ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) ratios of 1/6, the 50% effective doses (ED5o) of the poly (A-U), ADR and DMN decreased 18, 104, and 185-fold, respectively. However, when ADR or DMN was com­ bined with polyriboinosinie-polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I)· poly (C)], the ED50 of the ADR, DMN and the poly (I). poly (C) were not affected. Interferon neutrali­ zation studies indicated thatADR, DMN, poly (A-U) and the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combination induced the production of interferon-beta (IFN-f3). The amount of IFN produced by the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combin­ ationswas equal to the sum of the IFN prduced by their constituents. These results indicate that the ADR and DMN potentiate the antiviral activity of the poly (A-U) without affecting the amount of IFN induced. The direct viral inactivation study demonstrated that ADR, DMN, poly (A-U) and the ADR (or DMN)/poly (A-U) combinations do not inactivate the VSV at concen­ trations near the EDso•
Latitudinal diversity of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria).

We sought to determine if the global distribution of sea anemones (cnidarian order Actiniaria) conforms to the classic pattern of biogeography—taxon richness at the equator with attenuation toward ...
Improving outpatient referrals to secondary care.

The interventions that have the best supporting evidence are the distribution of guidelines with standard referral forms and the involvement of specialist consultants in education. Disseminating guidelines without forms and providing physicians with feedback on referral patterns are not proven to be effective.
The Matter Field Equations

One of the earliest observed manifestations of matter was its inertia. In the ancient Greek period, Aristotle considered the cause for the continuity of motion of the heavenly bodies. He reasoned that it must be that one body, at one place in space, moves faster than another body, at another place, because the faster moving body has more intrinsic impetus for motion, due to its particular location in space, compared with the impetus of the slower moving body. For example, the planet that we live on is at such a place in space that it should not move at all. It was this impetus, determined by the location of a body in space, that keeps it moving at some speed or another. This was Aristotle’s ‘inertia’ for a material body.
The Tragic Flaw

Many commentators (including Auden) have misused the word hubris to signify “tragic error.” Aristotle uses the word hamartia, which I am told is better translated as “error of judgment.” With this in mind, I argue: It was poor judgment that led Oedipus to commit patricide and incest [albeit inadvertently]. He should never have allowed himself to fight any man or to marry (or even sleep with) any woman. Yet the concept of hamartia does not adequately explain the tragic outcome. For even if we agree that his behavior in killing the man at the crossroads and in marrying Jocasta (or any woman) was intemperate, and that intemperateness was his hamartia, we have to understand that that is not what caused his downfall. His downfall was caused by a merciless fate which he could not avoid, no matter what he did or how far he fled.
Adaptations to hypoxic environments in the erythrinid fish Hoplias microlepis

The respiratory and metabolic adaptations of Hoplias microlepis were studied to determine mechanisms which enable this species to persist in habitats in Panama that may become hypoxic or anoxic for extended periods of time. This fish can produce energy anaerobically and survive for as long as 3.30 h in anoxic water. Anaerobiosis results in the accumulation of metabolic end products, including lactate, and requires repayment of an O2 debt. Following anoxia exposure, fish (37.51–269.77 g) repayed a mean O2, debt of 38.0 ml O2 during a recovery period which averaged 10.6h. Acclimation to hypoxia for 16–25 days increased routine metabolic rate ( $$\dot{V}{_{\text{O}}{_2}}$$ ) from 54.0 to 73.2 ml O2 kg-1 h-1 and raised the activities of both aerobic and glycolytic enzynes in white muscle and gill tissues, but did not affect enzyme levels in heart, liver, or brain, or fish anoxia tolerance or recovery times. Increases in $$\dot{V}{_{\text{O}}{_2}}$$ , and in both aerobic and anaerobic enzyme activities in fish acclimated to hypoxia may relate to the higher ventilation rate and greater swimming activity of these fish during the period of acclimation, increased anaerobic capacity, and the coupling of the aerobic processing of the end products of anaerobiosis. In hypoxic water, H. microlepis uses aquatic surface respiration (ASR) to capture O, present in the uppermost layer of water. This and its anoxia tolerance are the two most important components of its adaptation to external oxygen limitation. Our study suggests that, in its habitat. H. microlepis may make periodic trade-offs between the need to increase its metabolic activity in order to carry out ASR and producing energy anaerobically and incurring an oxygen debt while remaining in deeper, hypoxic water.
Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators: Opportunities and Challenges.

A longstanding goal in neuroscience is to understand how spatiotemporal patterns of neuronal electrical activity underlie brain function, from sensory representations to decision making. An emerging technology for monitoring electrical dynamics, voltage imaging using genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs), couples the power of genetics with the advantages of light. Here, we review the properties that determine indicator performance and applicability, discussing both recent progress and technical limitations. We then consider GEVI applications, highlighting studies that have already deployed GEVIs for biological discovery. We also examine which classes of biological questions GEVIs are primed to address and which ones are beyond their current capabilities. As GEVIs are further developed, we anticipate that they will become more broadly used by the neuroscience community to eavesdrop on brain activity with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Genetically encoded voltage indicators are engineered light-emitting protein sensors that typically report neuronal voltage dynamics as changes in brightness. In this review, we systematically discuss the current state of this emerging method, considering both its advantages and limitations for imaging neural activity. We also present recent applications of this technology and discuss what is feasible now and what we anticipate will become possible with future indicator development. This review will inform neuroscientists of recent progress in the field and help potential users critically evaluate the suitability of genetically encoded voltage indicator imaging to answer their specific biological questions.
A space vector modulation for a low zero-sequence voltage output

A space vector PWM (SVM) algorithm is designed to prevent zero-sequence currents between tandem inverters in three phase applications. The development is motivated and illustrated by a GTO/IGBT inverter system, feeding a large three phase motor. In applications where harmonic emissions are highly undesirable, the low power/fast switching IGBT is used to cancel the GTO low frequency current ripple. Stray zero-sequence currents between inverters may saturate the IGBT and should thus be prevented. This requires a customized SVM in the GTO, which is presented here.
Spatio-Temporal Regions' similarity framework for VHR Satellite Image Time Series analysis

In remote sensing, temporal sequence of images called Satellite Image Time Series (SITS) covering the same scene allows land cover observation, understanding, analysis and monitoring. Nowadays, STIS are accessible with higher spatial and temporal resolution which hampers their interpretation. This paper presents a spatio-temporal regions' similarity framework using a novel matrix based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence measure. To this end, an explicit definition of a Spatio-Temporal Region (STR) is given in order to build its characteristic matrix called Multi-Temporal Region Matrix (MTRM). Afterwards, using this matrix, a Cross-STR Similarity Matrix (CSTRSM) is computed between STR of in order to reveal regions with similar temporal fingerprint. Experiments are carried out on synthesized and compared to previously presented approaches for STIS analysis.
Multiple pulmonary contusions in a collegiate football player

Pulmonary contusion is an infrequently reported event in contact sports. To date, there are only four reported cases in football players in the literature. This case is unique in its presentation (large contusion, coup/contrecoup injuries) and management (need for air transport shortly after the injury, persistent symptoms, delayed recovery and return to play). Clinical signs and symptoms, such as dyspnea, hemoptysis, and chest wall pain, should increase the suspicion for possible pulmonary contusion. Early imaging with computed tomography (CT) is preferred due to its superior sensitivity and specificity (compared to chest radiography) in detecting pulmonary contusions. In addition, CT scans can quantify the amount of lung damage which can be used in treatment decisions and prognosis. Treatment requires close monitoring and management off requently associated pulmonary symptoms, such as chest wall pain and hypoxia.
Clinical outcomes from maximum-safe resection of primary and metastatic brain tumors using awake craniotomy

Abstract Objective To retrospectively analyze outcomes in patients undergoing awake craniotomies for tumor resection at our institution in terms of extent of resection, functional preservation and length of hospital stay. Patients and methods All cases of adults undergoing awake-craniotomy from September 2012–February 2015 were retrospectively reviewed based on an IRB approved protocol. Information regarding patient age, sex, cancer type, procedure type, location, hospital stay, extent of resection, and postoperative complications was extracted. Results 76 patient charts were analyzed. Resected cancer types included metastasis to the brain (41%), glioblastoma (34%), WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytoma (18%), WHO grade II glioma (4%), WHO grade I glioma (1%), and meningioma (1%). Over a half of procedures were performed in the frontal lobes, followed by temporal, and occipital locations. The most common indication was for motor cortex and primary somatosensory area lesions followed by speech. Extent of resection was gross total for 59% patients, near-gross total for 34%, and subtotal for 7%. Average hospital stay for the cohort was 1.7 days with 75% of patients staying at the hospital for only 24 h or less post surgery. In the postoperative period, 67% of patients experienced improvement in neurological status, 21% of patients experienced no change, 7% experienced transient neurological deficits, which resolved within two months post op, 1% experienced transient speech deficit, and 3% experienced permanent weakness. Conclusions In a consecutive series of 76 patients undergoing maximum-safe resection for primary and metastatic brain tumors, awake-craniotomy was associated with a short hospital stay and low postoperative complications rate.
The ovarian regulation of ovulation in teleost fish

Ovulation is the release of a mature oocyte from its follicle wall enclosure in the ovary. This process requires the separation of the oocyte from the granulosa layer, the rupture of the follicle wall and the active expulsion of the oocyte through the rupture site. Results of experiments on various vertebrates, including fish, have shown that the control of these processes may involve the cooperative action of a number of ovarian regulators including proteases, protease inhibitors, progestational steroids, eicosanoids, catecholamines and vasoactive peptides. We have used two teleost models, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) to study the mechanism and control of ovulation in fish. Using subtractive cDNA cloning, a family of ovarian and ovulation specific mRNAs (“TOPs” = trout ovulatory proteins) was isolated from the brook trout ovary. These mRNAs have not previously been observed in the ovary of any vertebrate species; however, the proteins they code for have significant sequence homology to a group of mammalian protease inhibitors called antileukoproteinases. These inhibitors have been isolated from several mammalian mucosal tissues and their function may be to protect the mucosal lining from nonspecific degradation by proteases released from infiltrating leukocytes. The ovarian proteins encoded by the TOP mRNAs have now been characterized by Western blotting using antibodies derived against recombinant TOPs. Given the similarity of TOPs to antileukoproteinases, one function of TOPs may be to regulate proteolysis at the time of ovulation. In yellow perch, the maturational steroid, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-PG), stimulates both germinal vesicle breakdown and ovulation in vitro. The stimulation of ovulation can be blocked by indomethacin, a prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase inhibitor. Thus, it appears that 17,20-PG acts through the production of an eicosanoid that is most likely a primary prostaglandin. This hypothesis is further supported by the observations that (1) a direct correlation exists between indomethacin levels that block ovulation and those that block primary prostaglandin synthesis in the ovary; (2) ovulation can be restored in indomethacin-blocked incubates with primary prostaglandins; (3) PGF levels increase at the time of ovulation in incubations of yellow perch follicles stimulated with 17,20-PG; and (4) the stimulation of PGF by steroids in the ovary is specific for 17,20-PG. Finally, 17,20-PG-stimulated ovulation and follicular prostaglandin synthesis requires the close interaction of extrafollicular tissue and other follicle wall layers.
Human Adolescent Phase Response Curves to Bright White Light.

Older adolescents are particularly vulnerable to circadian misalignment and sleep restriction, primarily due to early school start times. Light can shift the circadian system and could help attenua...
Value Reappraisal as a Conceptual Model for Task-Value Interventions

We discuss task-value interventions as one type of relevance intervention and propose a process model of value reappraisal whereby task-value interventions elicit cognitive-affective responses that...
El "Escudo de Heracles" de Hesíodo: écfrasis y narración en la épica arcaica

No "Escudo de Heracles" e no carmen 64 de Catulo (o "epitalâmio" de Peleu e Tetis), a ecfrasis ocupa praticamente a metade do poema. Embora a de Catulo descreva como Teseu abandona Ariadne e consista, dessa forma, numa narrativa paralela a historia principal, o escudo hesiodico nao e uma narrativa propriamente dita e, sim, uma sequencia de imagens distintas que existem simultaneamente, como em um desenho. Este artigo examina como a ecfrasis hesiodica detem o movimento do tempo narrativo e apresenta uma comparacao detalhada do "Escudo de Heracles" com a descricao do escudo de Aquiles na Iliada. Embora ambas as ecfrases suspendam o tempo narrativo, a de Hesiodo e mais fiel a simultaneidade das artes plasticas.
An Imaging Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Assay for the Detection of T-2 Toxin and Masked T-2 Toxin-3-Glucoside in Wheat.

A sensitive, rapid, and reproducible imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR) biosensor assay was developed to detect T-2 toxin and T-2 toxin-3-glucoside (T2-G) in wheat. In this competitive assay, an amplification strategy was used after conjugating a secondary antibody (Ab2) with gold nanoparticles. Wheat samples were extracted with a methanol/water mixture (80:20 v/v), then diluted with an equal volume of primary antibody (Ab1) for analysis. Matrix-matched calibration curves were prepared to determine T-2 toxin and T2-G. Recovery studies were conducted at three spiking levels in blank wheat. Mean recoveries ranged from 86 to 90%, with relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) of less than 6%. Limits of detection were 1.2 ng/mL of T-2 toxin and 0.9 ng/mL of T2-G, equivalent to their levels in wheat, of 48 and 36 µg/kg, respectively. The developed iSPR assay was rapid and provided enough sensitivity for the monitoring of T-2 toxin/T2-G in wheat. This is the first iSPR assay useful for detecting the “masked” T2-G in wheat.
EXTRACTION OF ERYTHROPOIETIN FROM KIDNEYS OF HYPOXIC AND PHENYLHYDRAZINE-TREATED RATS.

1. Significant amounts of ESF have been extracted from kidneys of anemic and hypoxic rats by the use of hypotonic phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. 2. A minimum of 50 per cent of the ESF extracted from the kidneys was not due to activity contained in the trapped residual plasma. 3. Bioassay of sheep and rat plasma ESF and the kidney extracts by the radioiron-polycythemic mouse method indicated that the above preparations were parallel in their log-dose regressions, suggesting that these substances are similar in physiologic behavior.
Optical properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on multiple-quantum-well structures

A general approach to the analysis of optical properties of photonic crystals based on multiple-quantum-well structures is developed. The effect of the polarization state and a nonperpendicular incidence of the electromagnetic wave is taken into account by introduction of an effective excitonic susceptibility and an effective optical width of the quantum wells. This approach is applied to consideration of optical properties of structures with a pre-engineered break of the translational symmetry. It is shown, in particular, that a layer with different exciton frequency placed at the middle of an MQW structure leads to appearance of a resonance suppression of the reflection.