cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term All-Cause Mortality Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Hypopneas Defined by a ≥3 Percent Oxygen Desaturation or Arousal.

Study Objectives Some prior studies have demonstrated an increase in mortality associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) utilizing a definition of OSA that requires a minimum 4% oxygen desaturation to identify a hypopnea. No large community-based studies have determined the risk of long-term mortality with OSA with hypopneas defined by a ≥3% O2 desaturation or arousal (AHI3%A). Methods Data from 5591 Sleep Heart Health Study participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline who underwent polysomnography were analyzed regarding OSA diagnosed using the AHI3%A criteria and all-cause mortality over a mean follow up period of 10.9±3.2 years. Results There were 1050 deaths in this group during the follow-up period. A Kaplan-Meir plot of survival revealed a reduction in survival with increasing AHI severity. Cox proportional hazards regression models revealed significantly increased all-cause mortality risk with increasing AHI, hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) 1.13 (1.04-1.23), after adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, cholesterol, HDL, self-reported hypertension and/or diabetes and smoking status. In categorical models, the mortality risk was significantly higher with severe OSA [adjusted HR 1.38 (1.09-1.76)]. When stratified by gender or age, severe OSA was associated with increased risk of death in men [adjusted HR 1.14 (1.01-1.28)] and in those <70 years of age [adjusted HR 1.51 (1.02-2.26)]. In contrast, AHI severity was not associated with increased mortality in women or those ≥70 years of age in fully adjusted models. Conclusion Severe AHI3%A OSA is associated with significantly increased mortality risk, especially in men and those <70 years of age.
Thin Film Solar Cells with n-type CdTe Absorber and p-type ZnTe Window Layers

In this paper the effect of indium (In) doping on CdTe thin film solar cells was investigated. CdTe thin films were deposited using the elemental vapor transport (EVT) technique under various Cd/Te gas phase ratios and In vapor concentrations. Solar cells of the superstrate configuration (glass/TCO/CdS/n-CdTe/p-ZnTe/BC) have been fabricated and characterized. There was a correlation between the concentration of In in the vapor phase and net n-type doping for CdTe devices fabricated near Cd/Te stoichiometric ratio; increasing the amount of indium resulted in higher n-type doping. From C-V measurements doping levels >1016cm-3 were measured. Devices were also fabricated at various Cd/Te vapor ratios. Films deposited at lower Cd/Te vapor ratios (i.e., Te-rich) exhibited higher n-type doping. Lower Cd/Te ratios favor the creation of Cd-vacancies which are needed for substitutional In doping, which can explain why the net doping increases at lower Cd/Te ratios. Minority-carrier lifetimes of ~8ns were achieved for intrinsic and In-doped films deposited under Cd-rich conditions.
A retrograde mechanism coordinates memory allocation across brain regions

Memories engage ensembles of neurons across different brain regions within a memory system. However, it is unclear whether the allocation of a memory to these ensembles is coordinated across brain regions. To address this question, we used CREB expression to bias memory allocation in one brain region, and rabies retrograde tracing to test memory allocation in connected presynaptic neurons in the other brain regions. We find that biasing allocation of CTA memory in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) also biases memory allocation in presynaptic neurons of the insular cortex (IC). By manipulating the allocation of CTA memory to specific neurons in both BLA and IC, we found that we increased their connectivity and enhanced CTA memory performance. These results, which are corroborated by mathematical simulations and by studies with auditory fear conditioning, demonstrate that a retrograde mechanism coordinates the allocation of memories across different brain regions.
Triphenyl phosphate-induced pericardial edema is associated with elevated epidermal ionocytes within zebrafish embryos

Abstract Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is an organophosphate ester-based plasticizer and flame retardant. The objective of this study was to identify the potential role of epidermal ionocytes in mediating TPHP-induced pericardial edema within zebrafish embryos. Exposure to TPHP from 24 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) resulted in a significant increase in pericardial edema and the number of ionocytes at 72 hpf relative to time-matched embryos treated with vehicle. In addition, co-exposure of embryos to mannitol (an osmotic diuretic) blocked TPHP-induced pericardial edema and effects on ionocyte abundance. However, knockdown of ATPase1a1.4 – an abundant Na+/K+-ATPase localized to epidermal ionocytes – mitigated TPHP-induced effects on ionocyte abundance but not pericardial edema, whereas co-exposure of embryos to ouabain – a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor – enhanced TPHP-induced pericardial edema but not ionocyte abundance. Overall, our findings suggest that TPHP may have multiple mechanisms of toxicity leading to an increase in ionocyte abundance and pericardial edema within developing zebrafish embryos.
Correlated iron isotopes and silicon contents in aubrite metals reveal structure of their asteroidal parent body

Iron isotopes record the physical parameters, such as temperature and redox conditions, during differentiation processes on rocky bodies. Here we report the results of a correlated investigation of iron isotope compositions and silicon contents of silicon-bearing metal grains from several aubritic meteorites. Based on their Fe isotopic and elemental Si compositions and thermal modelling, we show that these aubrite metals equilibrated with silicates at temperatures ranging from ~ 1430 to ~ 1640 K and likely sampled different depths within their asteroidal parent body. The highest temperature in this range corresponds to their equilibration at a minimum depth of up to ~ 35 km from the surface of the aubrite parent body, followed by brecciation and excavation by impacts within the first ~ 4 Myr of Solar System history.
Histamine hypersensitivity in mice induced by Bordetella pertussis or pharmacologic beta adrenergic blockade: Effects of adrenergic, cholinergic, and other drugs

The effects of prostaglandin E1, E2, F2alpha (PGE2 PGF2alpha), isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, salbutamol, practolol, atropine, aminophylline, and corticosterone on the hypersensitivity to anaphylaxis, histamine, and serotonin in Bordetella pertussis-treated mice and propranolol-treated mice were investigated. Female HLA-SW (ICR) mice, 27-29 gm, were injected with pertussis vaccine intravenously 4 days before challenge with antigen, histamine, or serotonin. Alternatively, instead of pertussis vaccine, propranolol was injected intraperitoneally 45 min before histamine challenge. Test drugs were administered intraperitoneally 15 min before challenge. PGE1 and PGE2 at a narrow range of between 10 and 100 mug and epinephrine at 100 mug protected both pertussis- and propranolol-treated mice. Isoproterenol (25 mug) and aminophilline (800 mug) protected beta-blocked mice, but did not protect pertussis-treated mice even with very high doses (1,000 and 3,2000 mug, respectively), although salbutamol (500 mug) did. PGF2alpha, norepinephrine, and atropine were not protective at all. Practolol, a beta 1-blocker, given intraperitoneally 30 min before histamine neither sensitized normal mice nor changed the effect of isoproterenol or salbutamol in pertussis-treated mice. Corticosterone 10 mg/kg reduced the number of deaths from histamine in beta-blocked mice, but not in pertussis-treated mice. The protective effect is discussed in connection with probable effects of the drugs on intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels.
Degradation of 131I-Insulins by Rat Liver STUDIES IN VITRO

Abstract The time courses of degradation of 131I-insulins, with average incorporations of 0.5 to 6.0 atoms of iodine per molecule (molecular weight 6000), by supernatant fractions of rat liver homogenates were investigated. Degradation of 131I-insulin was determined by precipitability of 131I radioactivity in the incubation mixtures with 10% trichloroacetic acid and by isolation and quantitation of 131I-insulin and 131I-labeled degradation products through the use of electrophoresis on paper. As determined by both methods, the rate and extent of degradation of the 131I-insulins studied were inversely proportional to the amount of iodine attached to the hormone; but by the electrophoretic method, the differences among the iodoinsulins were more sharply defined. The degradation of 131I-insulin containing less than 1 atom of iodine per molecule was shown to proceed rapidly to completion by the electrophoretic method. However, as measured by the trichloroacetic acid method, degradation appeared to level off when approximately 60% of the 131I-insulin had been degraded. This was due to the fact that a portion of the trichloroacetic acid-soluble degradation products, such as iodotyrosines, was carried down with the protein which was precipitated in the incubation mixtures by trichloroacetic acid. 131I-Labeled degradation products migrated as a major peak toward the cathode at a slower rate than 131I-insulin. The major degradation product of a 131I-insulin preparation containing 0.8 atom of iodine per molecule was shown to have a mobility on Sephadex G-25 and an Rf value on paper chromatography characteristic of [131I]monoiodotyrosine. Tests for correspondence to a single reaction order revealed that all of the iodoinsulins studied by the electrophoretic method approximated second order kinetic behavior. The rate constants of the iodoinsulins containing less than 1 atom of iodine per molecule were almost 10-fold greater than the rate constant of iodoinsulin containing 6 atoms of iodine per molecule. No correspondence to any specific reaction order could be shown for any of the iodoinsulins by the trichloroacetic acid method. The decrease in reaction rate constant paralleled the decrease in biological activity resulting from increasing the average number of iodine atoms incorporated into the insulin molecule. The results indicate that 131I-insulins are rapidly degraded by proteolysis to simple amino acid constituents by the liver. Since neither labeled A nor B chains were identified at any time during degradation, the results neither confirm nor deny that reductive cleavage of interchain —S—S— bonds of insulins is an initial step in the degradation of insulin. The results also indicate that the trichloroacetic acid method has serious limitations when used for studying 131I-insulin degradation in vitro.
A branching law for subgroups fixed by an involution and a noncompact analogue of the Borel-Weil theorem

Let g be a complex semisimple Lie algebra and let t be the subalgebra of fixed elements in g under the action of an involutory automorphism of g. Any such involution is the complexification of the Cartan involution of a real form of g. If V λ is an irreducible finite-dimensional representation of g, the Iwasawa decomposition implies that V λ is a cyclic U(t)module where the cyclic vector is a suitable highest weight vector v λ. In this paper we explicitly determine generators of the left ideal annihilator L λ (t) of v λ in U(t). One of the applications of this result is a branching law which determines how V λ decomposes as a module for t Other applications include (1) a new structure theorem for the subgroup M (conventional terminology) and its unitary dual, and (2) a generalization of the Cartan-Helgason theorem where, in the generalization, the trivial representation of M (using conventional terminology) is replaced by an arbitrary irreducible representation τ of M. For the generalization we establish the existence of a unique minimal representation of g associated to τ.
Pten regulates neuronal soma size: a mouse model of Lhermitte-Duclos disease

Somatic inactivation of PTEN occurs in different human tumors including glioblastoma, endometrial carcinoma and prostate carcinoma. Germline mutations in PTEN result in a range of phenotypic abnormalities that occur with variable penetrance, including neurological features such as macrocephaly, seizures, ataxia and Lhermitte-Duclos disease (also described as dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum). Homozygous deletion of Pten causes embryonic lethality in mice. To investigate function in the brain, we used Cre-loxP technology to selectively inactivate Pten in specific mouse neuronal populations. Loss of Pten resulted in progressive macrocephaly and seizures. Neurons lacking Pten expressed high levels of phosphorylated Akt and showed a progressive increase in soma size without evidence of abnormal proliferation. Cerebellar abnormalities closely resembled the histopathology of human Lhermitte-Duclos disease. These results indicate that Pten regulates neuronal size in vivo in a cell-autonomous manner and provide new insights into the etiology of Lhermitte-Duclos disease.
Providing Therapeutic Services to Children in Special Educational Placements: An Analysis of the Related Services Provisions of Public Law 94-142 in Five Urban School Districts

Using the sample of 1726 special education students from the Collaborative Study of Children With Special Needs, the authors describe the related services being provided to the children and then analyze the relationship between service provision and class placement. Related services are provided in all settings, with a concentration in special schools and special classes. For even the most severely involved children the trade-off with academics is no more than 1 hour per day. It is argued that schools now are major sites of therapeutic service provision for children with special needs.
Evaluation of the Somos Fuertes HIV prevention programme in college women

AbstractThe goal of this study was to examine the impact of a culturally appropriate HIV prevention and sexual empowerment curriculum workshop on female college students at a Hispanic-serving institution in the USA. Female participants in the Somos Fuertes: Strong Women Making Healthy Choices curriculum (n = 175) from a variety of ethnicities completed pre- and post-surveys during the academic years 2007–2008, 2008–2009, and 2009–2010. Paired t-tests were conducted to examine pre- and post-results on five scales: perceived sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk, perceived HIV risk, intended use of barriers during sex, effective communication skills, and behavioural self-efficacy. The analyses showed significant differences with at least medium effect sizes for all variables except perceived STI risk. The evaluation results demonstrate that the workshop offers a viable curriculum to implement on college campuses interested in affecting change related to HIV prevention strategies in a multicultural femal...
The relevance of central command for the neural cardiovascular control of exercise

This paper briefly reviews the role of central command in the neural control of the circulation during exercise. While defined as a feedfoward component of the cardiovascular control system, central command is also associated with perception of effort or effort sense. The specific factors influencing perception of effort and their effect on autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function during exercise can vary according to condition. Centrally mediated integration of multiple signals occurring during exercise certainly involves feedback mechanisms, but it is unclear whether or how these signals modify central command via their influence on perception of effort. As our understanding of central neural control systems continues to develop, it will be important to examine more closely how multiple sensory signals are prioritized and processed centrally to modulate cardiovascular responses during exercise. The purpose of this article is briefly to review the concepts underlying central command and its assessment via perception of effort, and to identify potential areas for future studies towards determining the role and relevance of central command for neural control of exercise.
Echogenic Endometrial Fluid Collection in Postmenopausal Women Is a Significant Risk Factor for Disease

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess postmenopausal women with endometrial fluid collection and the risk of significant endometrial or cervical disease. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of 343 postmenopausal women with endometrial fluid collection on pelvic sonography. Medical records were reviewed to identify women who underwent an evaluation of the endometrium with endometrial biopsy, hysteroscopy, or hysterectomy after the sonographic examination. Clinical and sonographic characteristics were compared between women with diagnoses of cervical or endometrial cancer or hyperplasia (nonbenign group) and women with benign conditions (benign group). Results The endometrium was significantly thicker in the nonbenign group compared with the benign group (mean +/- SD, 9.9 +/- 7.4 versus 5.9 +/- 4.1 mm; P = .016). None of the patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium had endometrial thickness of 3 mm or less, but 2 with endocervical cancer did. Echogenic fluid in the endometrial cavity was significantly more likely to be found in the nonbenign group compared with the benign group (45.8% versus 4.8%; P Conclusions Postmenopausal women with endometrial fluid collection on sonography should undergo endometrial sampling if the endometrial lining is thicker than 3 mm or the endometrial fluid is echogenic. If the lining is 3 mm or less and the endometrial fluid is clear, endometrial sampling is not necessary, but we recommend endocervical sampling to rule out endocervical cancer.
Silver(I) carboxylates: versatile inorganic analogs of carboxylic acids for supramolecular network formation

Dimeric motifs formed by silver(I) carboxylates, illustrated here by the unit Ag2(CF3CO2)2, resemble the well known dimerization of carboxylic acids, i.e. ‘H2(RCO2)2’, but exhibit greater flexibility, while permitting further elaboration into neutral coordination networks through linkage of the silver centres via ditopic ligands.
New derivatives of trifluorothiazyne

Abstract Thiazyl trifluoride (trifluorothiazyne) reacts smoothly with various organolithium compounds at −78° producing S -substituted thiazynes. This method has been used not only to produce known compounds but, also to prepare several new mono and di- S -substituted thiazynes which contain carbon-sulfur bonds. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on these compounds indicate that the difluorothiazyl group is more strongly electron-withdrawing than -NO2, both inductively and resonantly.
Micropropagation medium composition on-line sensing system development

A plant micropropagation system has been developed with the capacity of allowing periodic, automatic, aseptic monitoring of culture medium composition. The system was able to sample automatically culture medium from a liquid/membrane bioreactor without compromising asepsis or disturbing plant tissue. Media samples were analyzed to determine sucrose and dextrose concentrations. Bioreactor media was automatically replenished to compensate for volumes lost due to sampling. For a 28-day culture period using Stage 1 Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) explants as a model culture system, media sucrose concentration decreased with a corresponding increase in dextrose concentration and tissue fresh weight.
Migrating from IGES to STEP: one to one translation of IGES drawing to STEP drafting data

Abstract This paper focuses on a procedure for converting product design data from an Initial Graphic Exchange Specification (IGES) format into Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP) format. IGES is used for representing design and topology information in a platform independent format. The failure of the IGES standard to provide information other than drawing and solid modeling has led to the emergence of a new international standard for product model data exchange (ISO 10303) called STEP. STEP is designed to support a product through its entire life cycle. The STEP standard consists of a set of application protocols. An application protocol is specific to a particular engineering domain. In this case, STEP application protocol 202 is used because it defines the constructs necessary to represent the associative draughting information described by IGES. The translator parses the IGES file and converts it into the corresponding STEP (AP202) format. To test the conformance of the generated STEP file we have written code to enable visualization of an Application Protocol 202 (AP202) STEP file. The visualization uses the Open Inventor Toolkit available for the Silicon Graphics platform. The visualizer reads the STEP (AP202) file and converts the geometry and related annotations into the corresponding Inventor specific format. The file can then be viewed using the default Inventor viewer.
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase: mechanism of action and role in regulating oxidative phosphorylation.

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has a central role in eukaryotic metabolism, providing the energy (ATP) required for survival. Regulation of this important pathway is, however, still not un...
Susceptibility of Selected Ericaceous Ornamental Host Species to Phytophthora ramorum

Tooley, P. W., Kyde, K. L., and Englander, L. 2004. Susceptibility of selected ericaceous ornamental host species to Phytophthora ramorum. Plant Dis. 88:993-999. We assessed disease reactions of 51 species or varieties of ericaceous ornamental hosts to two isolates of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death. Inoculation was performed with an A2 mating type U.S. isolate from rhododendron and the P. ramorum type culture of A1 mating type from Germany. For only one host were statistically significant differences in disease observed between the two isolates. Several different inoculation methods were compared. The 51 hosts tested varied widely in susceptibility, ranging from 0% to over 90% leaf area infected. Two cultivars of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) showed no disease, while three cultivars of Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) were all highly susceptible. The results indicate that many ornamental hosts grown in the United States are susceptible to P. ramorum under artificial inoculation conditions. Inoculum density studies with two susceptible host species showed that P. ramorum is capable of producing disease symptoms over sporangium concentrations ranging from 100 to 5,000 sporangia per ml. Mean numbers of chlamydospores forming in host tissue of 21 hosts ranged from 2 to over 900 chlamydospores per 6-mm-diameter leaf disk. Whether hosts showing susceptiblity under the experimental conditions used in this study would become infected with P. ramorum in the presence of inoculum under natural conditions is unknown.
Expression of the paternal genes for glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) during embryogenesis in Xenopus laevis.

Genetic differences in soluble glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) electrophoretic mobility have been used to determine the time of expression of paternal genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. Maternal isozymes in unfertilized eggs persist through the first two days of development. Paternal-type bands appear at three days of development when embryos are Stage 37 (gill circulation). The time of expression of paternal GOT genes appears to occur at the same stage as in R. pipiens ♀ × R. palustris ♂ hybrids. These results are discussed in terms of the genomic control of early amphibian development.
14-3-3σ Is a p53-Regulated Inhibitor of G2/M Progression

Exposure of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to ionizing radiation results in a cell-cycle arrest in G1 and G2. The G1 arrest is due to p53-mediated induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1/SDI1, but the basis for the G2 arrest is unknown. Through a quantitative analysis of gene expression patterns in CRC cell lines, we have discovered that 14-3-3sigma is strongly induced by gamma irradiation and other DNA-damaging agents. The induction of 14-3-3sigma is mediated by a p53-responsive element located 1.8 kb upstream of its transcription start site. Exogenous introduction of 14-3-3sigma into cycling cells results in a G2 arrest. As the fission yeast 14-3-3 homologs rad24 and rad25 mediate similar checkpoint effects, these results document a molecular mechanism for G2/M control that is conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution and regulated in human cells by p53.
Attribution accuracy when using anonymity in group support systems

This study explores the taken-for-granted assumption that “anonymous” comments posted on a group support system (GSS) aresociallyas well astechnicallyanonymous. It analyses the accuracy of, and influences on, attributions of authors' identities in seven field groups with considerable work history after they used the system to enter technically anonymous comments about salient topics during a brainstorming session. GSS participants made attributions about authors' identities, but overall these attributions were about 12% accurate (ranging from 1 to 29%). The expected predictors of accuracy (an individual's total communication with the group, network centrality, and length of membership in the group) were inconsistent influences across the seven groups.
New coupling scheme in the interacting boson-fermion model: O(6) spectra in odd-A nuclei

We suggest that a new coupling scheme, based on the O(6) boson symmetry, may be useful in describing the spectra of odd-A nuclei towards the end of major shells. We describe the main properties of this scheme and show one example of it.
Is Stolper–Samuelson dangerous and FPE a failure?

Abstract The Heckscher–Ohlin model has spawned the twin theorems of Stolper–Samuelson and factor-price equalization (FPE), both of which concern the effects of international trade on wages and income distribution. A recent literature, critical of both theorems, claims that they no longer serve as a useful guide for understanding the complex web of trade and wages. This literature also claims that the twin theorems are empirically misleading and irrelevant. The present essay argues that the critics have exaggerated the empirical failure of the twin theorems and, more importantly, they have missed the central message of the theorems; especially, that of Stolper–Samuelson on the optimality of free trade.
Pellicle Precursor Proteins: Acidic Proline-rich Proteins, Statherin, and Histatins, and their Crosslinking Reaction by Oral Transglutaminase

Previous studies have demonstrated that whole saliva and pellicle formed in vitro from oral fluid contain covalently crosslinked salivary proteins. The purpose of this study was to determine which salivary proteins can act as substrates for transglutaminase, an enzyme responsible for the covalent crosslink reaction between a glutamine residue and a lysine residue. Transglutaminase was prepared from the pellet fraction of human whole saliva. Dansyl cadaverine (N-dansyl-1,5-diaminopentane) was used to study the reactivity of glutamine residues in acidic large and small proline-rich proteins, statherin, and the major histatins, whereas a glutamine-containing dansylated peptide was used to study the reactivity of lysine residues in these proteins. Crosslink formation was measured fluorometrically after the addition of fluorescent probe to the salivary protein substrate and transglutaminase. The covalent attachment of the fluorescent probe to salivary proteins was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. It was found that almost all of the lysines present in the acidic PRPs and statherin, and some of the lysines present in histatins, could participate in the crosslink reaction. Glutamine reactivity was also observed, but a maximum of only 14% of glutamine residues present in acidic PRPs and statherin participated in the crosslink formation. These results demonstrate that primary pellicle precursor proteins, acidic proline-rich proteins, statherin, and the major histatins are capable of undergoing crosslink reactions catalyzed by oral transglutaminase. This may enable other proteins in the oral cavity to be incorporated into the acquired enamel pellicle.
Anaerobic Glycolysis and Lactic Acid Accumulation in Cold Submerged Rana pipiens

Winter frogs acclimated to 5 °C for 2–8 weeks were submerged in deoxygenated water at 5 °C.
An infrastructure for automating large-scale performance studies and data processing

The Cloud has enabled the computing model to shift from traditional data centers to publicly shared computing infrastructure; yet, applications leveraging this new computing model can experience performance and scalability issues, which arise from the hidden complexities of the cloud. The most reliable path for better understanding these complexities is an empirically based approach that relies on collecting data from a large number of performance studies. Armed with this performance data, we can understand what has happened, why it happened, and more importantly, predict what will happen in the future. However, this approach presents challenges itself, namely in the form of data management. We attempt to mitigate these data challenges by fully automating the performance measurement process. Concretely, we have developed an automated infrastructure, which reduces the complexity of the large-scale performance measurement process by generating all the necessary resources to conduct experiments, to collect and process data and to store and analyze data. In this paper, we focus on the performance data management aspect of our infrastructure.
The Structural Basis for Recognition of the PreQ0 Metabolite by an Unusually Small Riboswitch Aptamer Domain

Riboswitches are RNA elements that control gene expression through metabolite binding. The preQ1 riboswitch exhibits the smallest known ligand-binding domain and is of interest for its economical organization and high affinity interactions with guanine-derived metabolites required to confer tRNA wobbling. Here we present the crystal structure of a preQ1 aptamer domain in complex with its precursor metabolite preQ0. The structure is highly compact with a core that features a stem capped by a well organized decaloop. The metabolite is recognized within a deep pocket via Watson-Crick pairing with C15. Additional hydrogen bonds are made to invariant bases U6 and A29. The ligand-bound state confers continuous helical stacking throughout the core fold, thus providing a platform to promote Watson-Crick base pairing between C9 of the decaloop and the first base of the ribosome-binding site, G33. The structure offers insight into the mode of ribosome-binding site sequestration by a minimal RNA fold stabilized by metabolite binding and has implications for understanding the molecular basis by which bacterial genes are regulated.
A sustainable power architecture for mobile computing systems

Extension of battery life and dissipation of heat from components with high power density are significant challenges in mobile computing platforms. A power architecture suitable for the integration of low voltage, low power renewables into the bus is described in this paper as an innovative, green approach to help both of these issues. The architecture is both scaleable and flexible in order to accommodate the intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources. A new charge pump based boost scheme with fully asynchronous control is utilized as the enabling building block to meet the stringent power dissipation and efficiency requirements of this application. The resulting power electronics do not contain magnetic components and can be integrated into an LSI chip.
Oxygen Uptake of Canine Whole Body and Hind Limb with Hypocapnic Alkalosis

The effect of hypocapnic alkalosis induced by hyperventilation on whole-body and hind-limb oxygen uptake (o2) was studied in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. In the intact dog with a self-perfused hind limb, increasing pHa from 7.41 to 7.58 increased whole-body o2 8 per cent and decreased hind-
Preschool Teachers' Beliefs About Appropriate Early Literacy and Mathematics Education for Low- and Middle-Socioeconomic Status Children

This study explored preschool teachers' beliefs about the appropriateness of early literacy and mathematics education. In all, 60 teachers of 4-year-olds, half working with low-socioeconomic status (SES) children at publicly funded preschools and the other half with middle-SES children at private preschools, were randomly assigned to read either the mathematics or the literacy versions of written vignettes describing issues related to teaching these subjects. Teachers were interviewed individually concerning the vignettes. Analyses showed that teachers of middle-SES children tended to support literacy and mathematics education that respects individual children and their preferences and to oppose classroom use of computers; overall they emphasized nonacademic areas. Teachers of low-SES children tended to focus on literacy and mathematics to prepare children for kindergarten and to support computer use; they showed concern about their students' underdeveloped readiness to learn, particularly literacy. Analy...
A sense of community: Blues music as primer for urbanization

(1990). A sense of community: Blues music as primer for urbanization. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 77-86.
Comparison of the effects of acute and subchronic administration of aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, on pentobarbital‐induced sleep time and [14c]pentobarbital disposition in mice

We have reported previously that poly chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alter neurochemistry and suppress spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. The present study was initiated to determine whether orally administered (Aroclor 1254) would potentiate pento‐barbital‐induced sleep time. Sleep time was enhanced significantly by Aroclor 1254 (500 mg/kg) given 0 to 8 h prior to pentobarbital, with the peak effect occurring at 2 h. This effect was demonstrated to be dose‐responsive in the range of 5 to 25 mg/kg given 2 h prior to pentobarbital, but only slightly larger increments in sleep time were observed with higher doses of PCBs (50, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg). Administration of vehicle or Aroclor 1254 (30 or 100 mg/kg) for 14 successive days reduced sleep time when pentobarbital was given 45 min after the last dose of vehicle or Aroclor 1254, with a further reduction when pentobarbital was given 24 h after the last dose. As a correlate to the sleep‐time studies, levels of pentobarbital and metabolites were measur...
State-Resolved Studies of Collisional Quenching of Highly Vibrationally Excited Pyrazine by Water: The Case of the Missing V → RT Supercollision Channel

The quenching of highly vibrationally excited pyrazine through collisions with H2O at 300 K in a low-pressure environment was investigated using high-resolution transient absorption spectroscopy of water at λ ≈ 2.7 μm. Highly vibrationally excited pyrazine with Evib = 37 900 cm-1 was prepared by absorption of 266 nm light to the electronically excited S2 state, followed by rapid radiationless decay to the ground electronic state. Collisions between highly excited pyrazine and water that result in rotational and translational excitation of the vibrationless ground state of H2O (000) were investigated by measuring the state-resolved appearance of individual rotational states of H2O (000). Transient absorption measurements have been made on numerous rotational states to determine the nascent distribution of rotational energy gain in water. Doppler-broadened transient absorption line shapes were collected for a number of rotational levels in the (000) state in order to measure velocity distributions of the sc...
Characterization of strategies for obtaining confident identifications in bottom-up proteomics measurements using hybrid FTMS instruments.

Hybrid FTMS instruments, such as the LTQ-FT and LTQ-Orbitrap, are capable of generating high duty cycle linear ion trap MS/MS data along with high resolution information without compromising the overall throughput of measurements. Combined with online LC separations, these instruments provide powerful capabilities for proteomics research. In the present work, we explore three alternative strategies for high throughput proteomics measurements using hybrid FTMS instruments. Our accurate mass and time tag (AMT tag) strategy enables identification of thousands of peptides in a single LC-FTMS analysis by comparing accurate molecular mass and LC elution time information from the analysis to a reference database. An alternative strategy considered here, termed accurate precursor mass filter (APMF), employs linear ion trap (low resolution) MS/MS identifications generated by an appropriate search engine, such as SEQUEST, refined with high resolution precursor ion data obtained from FTMS mass spectra. The APMF resu...
Imaging and CFD in the analysis of vascular disease progression

Conventional evaluation of the significance of vascular disease has focused on estimates of geometric factors. There is now substantial interest in investigating whether the onset and progression of vascular pathology can be related to hemodynamic factors. Current imaging modalities have excellent capabilities in delineating the geometric boundaries of the vascular lumen. Advanced non-invasive imaging modalities such as Multi Detector CT and MRI are also able to define the extent of disease within the vessel wall and to provide information on the composition of thrombotic and atherosclerotic components. Finally, it is also possible to use imaging techniques to measure flow velocities across the lumen of vessels of interest, and to determine the pulsatile variation of these velocities through the cardiac cycle. Despite these advanced capabilities, imaging alone is unable to determine important features of the vascular hemodynamics such as wall shear stress or pressure distributions. However, the information on lumenal geometry and the inlet and outlet flow conditions can be used as input into numerical simulation models that are able to predict those quantities. These Computational Fluid Dynamics models can be used to predict hemodynamic parameters on a patient-specific basis. It is therefore possible to use non-invasive imaging methods to follow the progression of vascular disease over time, and to relate changes in lumenal and wall structure to calculated hemodynamic descriptors. This approach can be used not only to understand the natural progression of vascular disease, but as a tool to predict the likely outcome of a surgical intervention.
Introduction to programming for scientists and engineers (abstract only)

At many universities, computer science departments traditionally offer introductory programming as a "service course" to other departments. In recent years, however, more and more outside departments---apparently dissatisfied with the CS courses---have begun to offer their own versions of introductory programming. Our BOF will provide a forum to discuss this development and to exchange ideas for addressing it.
Analyzing the trait of routinization in older adults

This article reports on the development and validation of a scale designed to assess a postulated psychological trait in older adults--routinization. Some older adults are thought to be motivated to maintain the daily events of their lives in relatively unchanging and orderly patterns of regularity. Those older adults may resist change, rejecting attempts to alter patterns of daily living, and experience distress at events that require change. This trait of routinization was explored with a 20-item self-report scale. Factor analysis revealed two underlying factors: 1) Having Order and Routine in daily living, and 2) Disliking Disruption. Relationship of the instrument to other standard personality instruments was assessed; it was found that the instrument was only modestly related to other scales. Validity of the scale was tested by relating it to the frequency of occurrence of desirable and undesirable small, everyday events. Also, its relationship to two factors of mental health reported by participants in a multisession experimental intervention to increase personal control and mastery was assessed. Evidence for validity of the scale in both sets of tests was found. Further exploration of the properties of the trait measure appears warranted.
Creative Types and Personality

The present study aimed to identify types of creative activities and to examine which personality traits differentiate these behavioral types. Participants reported their activities concerning crea...
An Exploratory Evaluation of the Cognitive-Active Gender Role Identification Continuum

Individual beliefs and expectations regarding gender roles influence interpersonal behavior. If family therapists ignore or avoid discussions regarding gender roles, change may ultimately be inhibited. The Cognitive-Active Gender Role Identification Continuum (CAGRIC) is a framework that may facilitate a therapist's discussion of gender roles and the ways in which gender role expectations impact their clients’ relationships. Using data from the 2002 International Social Survey Program module on “Family and Changing Gender Roles,” this study examines the gender role classifications proposed by the CAGRIC model and the influence of gender role beliefs and behaviors on relationship satisfaction. Data from Australia, Brazil, Israel, Japan, Russia, Spain, and the United States are used to test the clustering and congruence hypotheses of the CAGRIC model. Results suggest support for the clustering hypothesis of the model, especially in Western countries.
Interactions of temperature and sublethal environmental copper exposure on the energy metabolism of bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque

Copper (0.21 mgl−1) caused a decrease in whole body oxygen consumption in bluegills exposed for 32 days, but no changes occurred during days 3, 4 or 9 of copper exposure. In vitro oxygen consumption of gill and brain, were not significantly altered, whereas liver Q O2, was slightly elevated which suggests that copper is acting to decrease oxygen consumption of the whole animal at a higher level of integration than these individual tissues. In fish subjected to an increase in temperature as well as sublethal copper exposure, whole body oxygen consumption was higher than controls 5 days after the temperature was increased, indicating a delay in temperature acclimation in the copper exposed fish. This difference was reflected in higher in vitro oxygen consumption in the liver and gill of these fish suggesting the metal was delaying the process of temperature acclimation by at least in part acting directly on the tissues.
Coupled oxidoreductase activity of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase

Abstract Two assay procedures were used to study ethanol oxidation by crystalline horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase: (A) Acetaldehyde formed by ethanol oxidation (with and without lactaldehyde) was distilled into a semicarbazide solution and the absorbance of the acetaldehyde semicarbazone formed was measured at 224 nm. (B) 1,2-propandiol formed in the coupled oxidation-reduction reaction (CH 2 CH 2 OH + CH 2 · was measured by a colorimetric method. The K M for ethanol oxidation at pH 7.5 was 0.35 m m . With increasing concentrations of lactaldehyde, both the V M and the K M for ethanol oxidation were increased. At different concentrations of lactaldehyde, the ratio K M V M was found to be constant. The K M for lactaldehyde was 1.1 m m and was not affected by addition of ethanol. The K M for NAD + (H) in the coupled O-R reaction was 4.5 μ m . Propanol and butanol could replace ethanol in the coupled O-R reaction, but were inhibitory at high concentrations. Increasing the lactaldehyde concentration partially relieved this inhibition. In addition to lactaldehyde, glyceraldehyde also stimulated ethanol oxidation. The V M and K M values of three alcohol:aldehyde pairs were compared to determine how the substrate nature controls the efficiency of an alcohol:aldehyde pair in the coupled O-R reaction. Several NAD + analogs were tested in the coupled O-R reaction. It was observed that although these analogs were more active than NAD + in ethanol oxidation in the absence of lactaldehyde, they were less active than NAD + when lactaldehyde was present. A mechanism has been proposed to explain the coupled oxidoreductase activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The mechanism postulates that the rate-limiting step in the coupled oxidoreductase reaction is either the ternary complex interconversions (E-NAD + -RCH 2 OH ⇌ E-NADH-RCHO), or the dissociation steps leading to the formation of E-NAD + (H) and product. The mechanism is consistent with the kinetic results described in this paper.
Properties of the Inventory to Diagnose Depression in American Indian Adolescents

The Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD) was administered to 177 American Indian adolescents attending a tribally administered boarding school. The psychometric properties in this population were studied and compared to those obtained when the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to a similar population. Analyses were performed on the scale items individually as well as on the continuous summary score and the dichotomous diagnosis. The internal consistency was very good (0.94 to 0.96). There were relatively few gender effects at the item level and none with respect to the diagnosis. IDD prevalence estimates of depression were much closer to the expected rates suggested by epidemiological studies than those generated by other self-report measures like the CES-D. These findings recommend the IDD for additional investigation in terms of its use with adolescent populations.
PS2-10: Economic Impact of Electronic Health Information Exchange

Background/AimsMore than 40% of outpatient visits involve a transition in care. Effectively coordinating care across providers is critical to reducing healthcare costs and improving patient safety and quality of care. Electronic health information exchange (eHIE) facilitates coordination of care by enabling information transfer across providers and medical clinics. By increasing care coordination, eHIE is expected to reduce healthcare costs resulting from redundant lab tests and radiology studies. In this study, we examine the economic consequences of eHIE in the context of x-ray imaging for bone fractures.MethodsWe have previously demonstrated that eHIE is associated with a significant reduction in follow-up x-ray imaging for patients with bone fractures of the extremities. This retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States (KPMAS) members compared the rate of duplicate x-rays in patients with a diagnosis of bone fractures from the Emergency Department (ED) or from outpatient care between 2006 and 2010. Here, we use the Medicare fee schedule to estimate costs for all imaging events, including x-rays, CT scans and MRIs, during the two month period following the initial fracture diagnosis. We estimate total cost by identifying all relevant radiology procedures during the two months following the index event and assigning costs based on published estimates for each procedure.ResultsThe study included 5680 patients from KPMAS with bone fractures diagnoses. 38% of patients were initially seen in the ED, while 62% of patients were seen in outpatient care. The median cost of imaging procedures in the month after diagnosis was $30.60. Patients who received diagnosis and follow-up care at facilities that did not have active eHIE cost the healthcare system 1.7 times as much as patients who received diagnosis and follow-up care at institutions that electronically shared radiology data between facilities and providers.ConclusionseHIE reduces healthcare costs related to duplication of diagnostic tests, specifically imaging studies. Next steps will be to evaluate the impact of different eHIE access methods on its effectiveness.
Speech produced with the Tokyo artificial larynx.

This report provides basic information about a relatively unknown pneumatic artificial larynx called the Tokyo artificial larynx. Part of the report describes a clinical study of a highly skilled A...