cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making place for clutter and other ideas of home

In this article, we examine the containment of clutter in family homes and, from this, outline considerations for design. Selected materials from an ethnographically informed study of home life are used to detail the ways in which families contain their clutter in bowls and drawers. Clutter, within these containers, is found to be made up of a heterogeneous collection of things that, for all manner of reasons, hold an ambiguous status in the home. It is shown that bowls and drawers provide a “safe” site of containment for clutter, giving the miscellany of content the “space” to be properly dealt with and classified, or to be left unresolved. The shared but idiosyncratic practices families use to contain their clutter are seen to be one of the ways in which the home, or at least the idea of home, is collectively produced. It is also part of the means by which families come to make their homes distinct and unique. These findings are used to consider what it might mean to design for the home, and to do so in ways that are sensitive to the idiosyncratic systems of household organization. In conclusion, thought is given to how we design for people's ideas of home, and how we might build sites of uncertainty into homes, where physical as well as digital things might coalesce.
Radiatively induced topological mass terms in (2+1)-dimensional gauge theories

We show that no topological mass terms are induced radiatively to the two-loop order in either Abelian or non-Abelian gauge theories of 2+1 dimensions with massive fermions if the Pauli-Villars regularization is used consistently for fermion loops. We study the case where gauge bosons have no topological mass at the tree level.
Has the 'Glass Ceiling' Cracked? An Exploration of Women Entrepreneurship:

Many women are saying goodbye to the corporate world in favor of creating their own through entrepreneurship. This paper explores some of the reasons why women in today's workforce change from the ...
Pressure and temperature dependence of the dielectric properties and phase transitions of the ferroelectric perovskites: PbTiO3 and BaTiO3

The effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the ferroelectric (FE) properties of PbTiO3 and on certain properties of BaTiO3 which have not been treated or emphasized earlier were investigated. For PbTiO3, the FE-paraelectric (PE) transition is of first-order, and the transition temperature, Tc, decreases with pressure with an initial slope of -8.4 ± 0.3°K/kbar. It is estimated that the latent heat associated with the transition is 350 ± 45 cal/mole, with a corresponding entropy change of 0.46 ± 0.05 cal/mole°K. In the PE phase, the static dielectric constant, e, obeys the Curie-Weiss law e = C/(T- T0) over a wide temperature range. Both C and T0 decrease with pressure. At constant % e varies with pressure according to e = C*/(p-po), where p0 decreases strongly with increasing T while C* is very weakly T-dependent. The results can be explained in terms of an increase of the frequency of the soft FE mode with pressure, and the Gruneisen parameter and its Tdependence are determined for this mode. ...
Anisotropy of ultrasonic backscatter from human tendon compared to that from normal human myocardium

Anisotropy is a characteristic of ultrasonic backscatter observed in a number of materials containing directionally oriented fibers. It has been hypothesized that in heart the fibrous tissue collagen is a major determinant of backscatter. To investigate the effects of the orientation of collagenous fibers on ultrasonic backscatter, the authors studied excised human Achilles tendon, a tissue rich in collagen and exhibiting highly aligned fibers. The magnitude of anisotropy was quantified by measuring the integrated (frequency-averaged) backscatter in the fiber plane of cylindrical biopsy specimens taken from tendons. Tissue samples were insonified in a water bath around their entire circumference in 2 degrees steps with a 5-MHz center frequency piezoelectric transducer. Integrated backscatter was a maximum for insonification perpendicular to the fibers, and a minimum for insonification parallel to the fibers. Measurements of three formalin-fixed specimens revealed an average magnitude of anisotropy of 39+or-4 dB for tendon compared to 14.5+or-1.6 dB for normal regions of three fixed autopsied human hearts previously measured by the authors' laboratory. >
Transient Asymptomatic S-T Segment Depression During Daily Activity

The significance of asymptomatic episodes of ischemic type S-T segment depression was studied in 20 patients with coronary heart disease. Continuous 10 hour electrocardiographic recordings accompanied by detailed daily diaries of activity and symptoms were obtained periodically during a mean time of 16 months. All patients had ischemic type S-T depression associated with angina pectoris during treadmill exercise. Measurements of heart rate, S-T depression and exercise level at the onset of angina obtained during repeated controlled exercise tests at the start of each study period were compared with the measurements recorded during daily activity. After 2,826 hours of recording, 411 transient epidsodes of ischemic type S-T depression were noted during usual daily activity. Only 101 (25 percent) of these episodes were associated with angina. The remaining episodes were unrelated to other symptoms or to posture. All occurred at heart rates significantly lower than those observed at the onset of angina during exercise testing. Of these episodes of asymptomatic S-T depression, 72 percent occurred only at rest or during very light activity such as slow walking or sitting. Nitroglycerin administered hourly significantly reduced the frequency of these episodes, thus supporting the concept that they represent painless ischemia. Because the episodes of asymptomatic ischemic type S-T depression occurred more frequently than angina during usual daily activity and were evident at heart rates and activity levels well below those expected to evoke ischemia, they may be caused by factors other than those that cause angina.
The encephalopathic neonate: choosing the proper imaging technique

The central nervous system (CNS) of the neonate may be injured by a number of different mechanisms, including birth trauma, hypoxia-ischemia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, inborn errors of metabolism, and neonatal infections. Neurologic assessment of affected neonates includes evaluation of alertness level, cranial nerve function, motor function (tone, posture, motility, power, and reflexes), presence of neonatal reflexes (Moro, palmar grasp, and tonic neck response), and gross sensory examination. However, because of the immaturity of the CNS, neonatal neurologic assessment tests only the function of the brain stem and basal ganglia. Abnormal findings will alert the clinician to the fact that the infant has suffered a CNS injury. The precise cause of injury and the severity, extent, and location of the injury to the cerebral cortex are difficult to establish on clinical grounds. Neuroimaging plays an essential role in the assessment of brain injury in these patients by helping to establish the cause of injury and the expected neurologic outcome. Although the value of high-quality neuroimaging in the assessment of the neonate who has suffered an insult to the CNS has been generally well accepted, the choice of neuroimaging study has not. Some radiologists rely primarily on transfontanelle sonography while others advocate the use of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques. The purpose of this report is to review briefly the literature on neonatal neuroimaging and to propose a logical approach.
Information synchronization effects on the stability of collaborative supply chain

In this paper, the dynamics of a collaborative supply chain have been analyzed using transform techniques. The general conditions for stability of the supply chains are derived and the effects of inter-player sampling intervals are analyzed. System dynamics simulation models of the different members of the supply chain are developed. Z-transform techniques are employed to derive the general stability conditions (settings of control parameters that produce stable response). The variation in the supply chain's stability in response to the information synchronization frequency is examined by relating the update frequency to the sampling interval of the underlying difference equations. Existence of instability due to improper parameter selection and improper sampling interval selection is thus confirmed, and guidance for the selection of appropriate parameters to guarantee system stability is presented. Simulations are used to confirm our analysis and help demonstrate the stable or unstable behavior of the supply chain.
A VLSI-based system for tracking visual stimuli

An electromechanical system that follows a bright visual stimulus is presented. At the core of this system is an analog VLSI chip that incorporates photosensitive elements and computational circuitry. The circuitry converts a focused 1D visual imager into a bidirectional motor signal that is encoded as a pair of pulse trains. These outputs are amplified and are used to drive a mechanical motor system that 'closes the loop' around the circuitry by moving the chip to follow the stimulus. The circuitry has been incorporated into a wheeled vehicle that follows a light source. >
Correlates of length of stay, cost of care, and mortality among patients hospitalized for necrotizing fasciitis.

Several previous studies of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) have been single-institution investigations suffering from small samples sizes. This study of 216 NF patients hospitalized in Florida, USA, during 2001 was designed to identify risk factors for length of stay (LOS), total patient charges (TC), and mortality, using a statewide database. Robust gamma mixed regression was used to determine the predictors of LOS and TC while simultaneously accounting for outliers and the clustering of patients in 87 hospitals. Relative risks (RR) for hospital mortality were calculated using binomial regression. The NF hospitalization rate in Florida was 1.3/100,000. The median TC was US$54,533 and cumulative charges for all 216 patients were nearly US$20 million. Patients aged > or =44 years at the time of admission were five times as likely to expire in the hospital than patients who were aged or =44 years was the most powerful predictor of prolonged LOS, elevated TC, and an increased risk of hospital mortality in patients suffering from NF.
The training for and practice of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: results of two surveys

In order to gain understanding of how percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is taught and practiced in the United States, two questionnaires were devised to survey all adult cardiology training programs and all adult cardiac catheterization laboratories in this country. Of the 184 programs that responded to the training questionnaire, 102 (55%) teach PTCA, usually in the form of fellowship training and especially as a specialized year, and less commonly in the form of a preceptorship. Though many programs expose trainees to an adequate number of cases as defined by the program directors, at least 37% do not. Of 388 laboratories responding to the practice questionnaire, 74% perform PTCA. The total number of PTCA's in this country seems to be doubling yearly, but many laboratories do relatively few cases per year, and 79% of physicians doing PTCA do fewer than one case per week. Average laboratory success rate for PTCA is in the range of 80-85%. Though there is now a proliferation of PTCA training programs, 93% of those practicing angioplasty are self- or preceptor-trained, and have not learned the procedure as part of a fellowship.
Prevalence, correlates and trends in seroadaptive behaviours among men who have sex with men from serial cross-sectional surveillance in San Francisco, 2004–2011

Objectives We sought to assess the prevalence and correlates of seroadaptive behaviours (ie, sexual history incorporating some unprotected anal intercourse (UAI)) and conventional risk reduction behaviours (ie, consistent condom use or no anal intercourse) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in San Francisco in 2011. We compared the prevalence of seroadaptive behaviours between serial cross-sectional surveys from 2004, 2008 and 2011. Methods We analysed data from the 2011 wave of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system in San Francisco. We categorised men9s self-reported sexual behaviour history in the past 6 months into a schema of seroadaptive behaviours and conventional risk reduction behaviours. We compared the prevalence of behaviour categories by self-reported HIV serostatus, HIV testing history, awareness of pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis (PrEP) and diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Results Seroadaptive behaviours remained common in San Francisco MSM, with a 2011 prevalence of 46.6%, up from 35.9% in 2004. Consistent condom use or no anal intercourse was more common than seroadaptive behaviours in HIV-negative MSM, men who had not heard of PrEP and men without an STI diagnosis. Seroadaptive behaviours increased from 2004 to 2011. Conclusions HIV seroadaptive behaviours remain common in San Francisco MSM, have increased in the last decade and are practiced differently by MSM with different sexual health knowledge and outcomes. Public health researchers and officials should continue to document the prevalence, intentionality, efficacy and safety of seroadaptive behaviours among diverse communities of MSM.
The influence of soil type, congeneric cues, and floodplain connectivity on the local distribution of the devil crayfish (Cambarus diogenes Girard)

AbstractBurrowing crayfish are potentially important ecological links between terrestrial and aquatic systems, but little is known about what drives their local distribution patterns. We investigated potential mechanisms underlying the patchy local distribution of the devil crayfish (Cambarus diogenes Girard) in a stream floodplain ecosystem of the coastal plain of Alabama. We used a series of field surveys and laboratory trials to: 1) quantify local distributions and soil-type associations, 2) identify soil preferences of juveniles and adults, 3) examine the effects of biotic (adult occupancy) and abiotic (soil compaction) factors on juvenile burrowing preferences, and 4) investigate the role of floodplain connectivity on burrow density. Juvenile crayfish were more abundant in sandy streamside soils, whereas adults were more abundant in clay-based floodplain soils. In laboratory preference trials in artificial burrowing chambers, adults and juveniles showed affinity for floodplain over streamside soils, ...
The Failure of the Radical Left in Switzerland: A Preliminary Study

Despite dramatic economic transformation in the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, radical working-class politics has never become an institutionalized part of Swiss political life as it has among its neighbors France, Italy and Germany. Nor did class conflict produce in Switzerland a deeply fragmented and compartmentalized society such as is found in other small European Democracies. It is argued that decentralized social, economic and political institutions; moderate and continuous rates of economic development; cross-cutting cleavages and overlapping group affiliations; small size, and to a lesser extent political neutrality contributed to Switzerland's relatively calm “class struggle.” It is further noted that these explanations seem to fit the Swiss case best when enveloped in Lipset and Rokkan's developmental thesis of European cleavage development, in which it is argued that nineteenth and twentieth century political institutions are more able to mediate class conflict successfully w...
In which exchange rate models do forecasters trust

Using survey data of market expectations, we describe which popular exchange rate models appear to be consistent with expectation formation of market forecasters. Exchange rate expectations are found to be correlated with inflation differentials and productivity differentials, indicating that the relative PPP and the Balassa–Samuelson effect are common inputs into the expectation formation of market forecasters.
Aurora-A Expression Is Independently Associated with Chromosomal Instability in Colorectal Cancer

AURKA (the official symbol for Aurora-A, STK15, or BTAK) regulates the function of centrosomes, spindles, and kinetochores for proper mitotic progression. AURKA overexpression is observed in various cancers including colon cancer, and a link between AURKA and chromosomal instability (CIN) has been proposed. However, no study has comprehensively examined AURKA expression in relation to CIN or prognosis using a large number of tumors. Using 517 colorectal cancers in two prospective cohort studies, we detected AURKA overexpression (by immunohistochemistry) in 98 tumors (19%). We assessed other molecular events including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 2p, 5q, 17q, and 18q, the CpG island methylation phenotype (CIMP), and microsatellite instability (MSI). Prognostic significance of AURKA was evaluated by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method. In both univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, AURKA overexpression was significantly associated with CIN (defined as the presence of LOH in any of the chromosomal segments; multivariate odds ratio, 2.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.40–6.29; P = .0045). In multivariate analysis, AURKA was associated with cyclin D1 expression (P = .010) and inversely with PIK3CA mutation (P=.014), fatty acid synthase expression (P=.028), and family history of colorectal cancer (P = .050), but not with sex, age, body mass index, tumor location, stage, CIMP, MSI, KRAS, BRAF, BMI, LINE-1 hypomethylation, p53, p21, β-catenin, or cyclooxygenase 2. AURKA was not significantly associated with clinical outcome or survival. In conclusion, AURKA overexpression is independently associated with CIN in colorectal cancer, supporting a potential role of Aurora kinase-A in colorectal carcinogenesis through genomic instability (rather than epigenomic instability).
Adolescent Literacies in Latin America and the Caribbean

In the 2000, Caribbean approximately were reported 36 million to be unable youth and to read adults or write living basic in Latin texts. America Of these, and 20 the Caribbean were reported to be unable to ea or write basic t xts. Of these, 20 million were women. According to official statistics, some countries in Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras) have a youth and adult literacy rate of 80% or lower. The Caribbean countries currendy have literacy rates between 80% and 90%, except for Haiti, which has an estimated rate of 50% (UNESCO-OREALC, 2004a, p. 39, as reported in Umayahara, 2005, p. 42). Yet what do these official statistics mean? To what language do they refer? What social inequalities are reflected but not illuminated by such statistics? And how are youth, specifically, using reading and writing in creative ways not captured by these official measures? In this chapter, we review official statistics and examine literacy policy and programming for youth across Latin America and the Caribbean. We contrast these official discourses on youth and literacy and programs or policies for youth literacy with empirical studies of adolescent literacy practices noting a discrepancy that
Thermodynamic Information from Drift-Tube Experiments? Summary of the Panel Discussion

Throughout its 40-year history, gas-phase ion chemistry has been explored with a battery of different techniques. From the very beginning, however, a technique has been needed to bridge the energy / temperature gap between beam experiments at the lowest energies (~0.3 eV) and swarm experiments at the highest temperatures (~900 K). Today, this need has been largely met by the drift tube: the solution, however, is not entirely satisfactory. A system in a drift tube is not maintained under isothermal conditions. It cannot be characterized by a truly thermodynamic temperature. So when claims are made that thermodynamic quantities have been measured in drift tubes, several questions need to be asked. What is the thermodynamic significance of these so-called thermodynamic quantities? How can that significance be evaluated? How should the values be treated in compilations of thermodynamic data?
A repetitive fault tolerance model for parallel programs

The authors propose a repetitive fault tolerance (RFT) model, which provides an environment for the systematic development of fault tolerant parallel programs. RFT programs can tolerate processor failures without sacrificing performance. The system gives an optimal performance when all the processors are working while continuing to work, though at a lower performance, when failure occurs. Also, the system works as long as there is at least one working processor. Thus, it not only provides a software solution to achieve a highly reliable parallel computation environment but also provides an elegant solution for constructing reliable nonrepairable systems. The model is applied to three examples to illustrate the construction procedure and to evaluate the performance of repetitive fault tolerant programs as well as to demonstrate the applicability of this model. >
Online Parameter Estimation and Adaptive Control of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines

This paper focuses on the benefits of adaptive control for permanent-magnet synchronous machines; a novel method of online parameter estimation for such machines has been developed. Two recursive least square algorithm segments, a fast and a slow one, are uniquely combined in real time with rich enough data from the machine to estimate all four machine parameters instead of a subset of these. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthesis and Potential Anticancer Activity for Diaminoalkyl Complexes of Tin Halides

A series of dimethyltin dihalide bidentate complexes modelled after analogs of cis-diammine dichloroplatinum, a widely used anticancer drug, were prepared and tested for anticancer activity. An analogous series of pentacoordinated trialkyltin halides were also prepared and tested for comparison. These compounds displayed toxicity too high to make these complexes useful as anticancer agents.
Association of fragile site-associated (FSA) gene expression with epithelial differentiation and tumor development

Abstract A novel gene designated as fragile site-associated (FSA) gene was recently identified by positional cloning from the CHO 1q31 fragile site which plays an important role in regulating amplification of multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene in multidrug-resistant cells. FSA produces a message of ∼16 kb which encodes an open-reading frame of 5005 amino acids. FSA shares sequence similarity with that in Caenorhabditis elegans lpd-3, a lipid storage gene. Using immunohistochemical staining and RNA in situ hybridization we report here that expression of FSA is associated with developmental programs of spermatogenesis and mammary gland in mice. Real-time RT-PCR results also support the upregulation of FSA expression in mammary gland development. Expression of FSA in many tissues including colon, skin, ovary, prostate, and bladder is mainly in the postmitotic, well-differentiated compartments. Moreover, levels of FSA expression are downregulated in tumors of these tissue origins. These results suggest that FSA also plays important roles in regulating mammalian epithelial growth and differentiation and tumor development.
An optical method to quantify the density of ligands for cell adhesion receptors in three-dimensional matrices

The three-dimensional matrix that surrounds cells is an important insoluble regulator of cell phenotypes. Examples of such insoluble surfaces are the extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM analogues and synthetic polymeric biomaterials. Cell – matrix interactions are mediated by cell adhesion receptors that bind to chemical entities (adhesion ligands) on the surface of the matrix. There are currently no established methods to obtain quantitative estimates of the density of adhesion ligands recognized by specific cell adhesion receptors. This article presents a new optical-based methodology for measuring ligands of adhesion receptors on three-dimensional matrices. The study also provides preliminary quantitative results for the density of adhesion ligands of integrins a1b1 and a2b1 on the surface of collagen-based scaffolds, similar to biomaterials that are used clinically to induce regeneration in injured skin and peripheral nerves. Preliminary estimates of the surface density of the ligands of these two major collagen-binding receptors are 5775+ 2064 ligands mm 22 for ligands of a1b1 and 17 084+ 5353 ligands mm 22 for ligands of a2b1. The proposed methodology can be used to quantify the surface chemistry of insoluble surfaces that possess biological activity, such as native tissue ECM and biomaterials, and therefore can be used in cell biology, biomaterials science and regenerative medical studies for quantitative description of a matrix and its effects on cells.
Ellie: A Case Study:

This article offers a medical, nursing, psychosocial, and cultural perspective of the success of home health care with the elderly population. Holistic nursing care is discussed, as well as a variety of individual considerations in the healing process.
Abstract P2-13-19: Papillary breast lesions: Association with malignancy and upgrade rates on surgical excision

Introduction : The management of benign intraductal papillary (IDP) lesions is controversial. Radiological and clinical findings alone cannot distinguish benign or malignant IDPs. Surgical excision of IDPs diagnosed by core or vacuum assisted biopsies was the standard of practice. There is an increasing body of literature suggesting that observation may suffice. Design : This study investigated upgrade rates of benign IDPs on surgical excision. A listing of all cases where the pathology report included Papillary or papilloma was obtained after IRB approval. The upgrade rate on excised lesions and the association of IDPs with atypia and malignancy were assessed. Clinical and radiological presentations of papillary lesions was obtained from the medical records. We also reviewed recently published data on the subject for comparison. Results : We reviewed 65 pathology reports of IDPs diagnosed at our institution between 2011-2014. Papillary lesions were stratified in to three categories: benign, associated with atypia and associated with malignancy. Upgrade rates on surgical excision of benign IDPs diagnosed with core biopsy was calculated. Of the 65 papillary lesions 67.7% were benign, 10.8% were associated with atypia, and 21.5% were associated with malignancy. The upgrade rate on 28 excised benign IDPs was 7.14%. A review of 15 studies published between 2011-14 on IDPs shows an average upgrade rate of 17% in the routine excision group versus 2% in the observation group. Clinical presentation included: Palpable mass, nipple discharge, itching, mammographic mass/asymmetry or calcifications. This study found 69.3% of papillary lesions presented as mammographic findings including nodules/asymmetry (28%), calcifications (24%), masses (16.7%). The remaining 29.3% of the papillary lesions presented as palpable masses(14.7%), discharge (4%), itching (2.67%), and pain/tenderness(1.3%). Conclusion : IDPs present as a radiologic finding in 2/3 of the cases and a clinical complaint in the remaining patients. A review of the upgrade rates in the literature shows a range of 0-39%. Although larger cores from vacuum assisted biopsies may lower the upgrade rates, a good number of studies show rates that do not justify observation only. As concerning is the association of papillary lesions with atypia and malignancy in 32.3% of our patients indicating a possible causal relation. Our data and review of the literature indicate that short of a prospective randomized trial to settle this question, IDPs should be routinely excised. Citation Format: Asma Mursleen, Hanh Tam Tran, Omar M Ghanem, Maen Farha. Papillary breast lesions: Association with malignancy and upgrade rates on surgical excision [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-19.
Radiation-Induced Alterations in Cyclooxygenase Product Release: An Overview

Cyclooxygenase products, by virtue of their vasoconstrictor (PGF2a and TXA2) (1–5) and vasodilator actions (PGE2 and PGI2) (1–3,6–9) as well as their platelet aggregatory (TXA2, PGG2 and PGH2) (10–14) and anti-aggregatory properties (PGE2 and PGI2) (15–18) may play a role in radiation-induced tissue injury. This hypothesis is based on the observation that radiation exposure results in tissue injury (19–35) and tissue injury is associated with the release of cyclooxygenase products (36–39).
Internal Cooling Using Novel Swirl Enhancement Strategies in A Slot Shaped Single Pass Channel

Heat transfer results for a given slot shaped channel with a 3:1 aspect ratio are presented using various methods to enhance swirl in the channel including helical shaped-trip-strips and swirl-jets issuing from the side walls. Four different configurations of the swirl jets and one configuration of the helical trip strips were studied. The Reynolds numbers investigated range from 10,000 to 50,000 and are based on the mean velocity of the fluid at the channel inlet, or when swirl-jets are used, the equivalent mass flow rates at the exit of the main channel. Independently these heat transfer enhancement strategies have proven to be effective in either round channels, in the case of swirl jets and helical protrusions, or rectangular channels, in the case of trip strips. A transient technique combined with Duhamel’s superposition theorem was used to obtain the heat transfer coefficient distributions. Narrow-band liquid crystals were used to map the transient surface temperatures and were combined with thermocouples that measured the bulk-air temperatures along the flow path in the main channel. The results for the tests reported in this paper show mean heat transfer enhancement values (Nu/Nuo ) greater than 4.5 and low normalized friction factors. Thermal performance factors ranged from 1.1–3.3 for the various configurations studied. These results show significant improvements over other types of heat transfer enhancement methods currently used in the mid-span section of turbine blades.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Charge Conjugation and the τ 0 Meson

The assumption of charge conjugation invariance, as used by Gell-Mann and Pais to discuss the decay of the ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}$ meson into two $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons, has been applied to the decay of the ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{0}$ meson into three $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons. Analogous to the ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{0}$-meson case, the ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{0}$ meson must be considered a "particle mixture" exhibiting two distinct lifetimes. There is no absolute selection rule against three-$\ensuremath{\pi}$-meson decay for either of these two ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{0}$ mesons, but their transition probabilities into three $\ensuremath{\pi}$ mesons are quite different. For example, if the $\ensuremath{\tau}$ meson is a pseudoscalar particle, the ratio of these two transition probabilities is \ensuremath{\gg}100.A brief discussion is given of other modes of decay of neutral heavy mesons and of some experimental consequences of this picture.
Microscopic Origins of Enhanced Gas Adsorption and Selectivity in Mixed-Linker Metal–Organic Frameworks

We use molecular simulations to study the gas adsorption properties of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials composed of mixtures of linker groups, focusing on the prototypical MTV-MOF-5 systems. While MOF functionalization is well-known to influence gas uptake, we show that the absolute gas uptake is frequently not merely a sum of linear contributions from its constituent functionalities but rather there exists a synergistic enhancement that arises due to cooperative adsorbate–linker interactions involving multiple functionalities. In certain mixed-linker MOFs, such cooperativity yields increased gas uptake over any possible corresponding pure “parent” compound. Considering a model system based on ZIF-8, we are able to clearly demonstrate the microscopic origin of this synergy, arising from the strong, simultaneous interactions of multiple linker groups with a single adsorbate. We also provide a concrete example of a mixed-linker MOF that exhibits gas adsorption superior to that of any of its pure pare...
Polynomial Group Laws

(1980). Polynomial Group Laws. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 87, No. 9, pp. 735-736.
Procedures for Obtaining Similarities Data

Of all the data available to marketing researchers, none are more ubiquitous than similarities data, which consist of "comparisons between stimulus differences" [1, p. 15]. Their appeal is basically intuitive and rests on the judgment that predictive behavioral models can be built on concepts of human perception [4]. Thus multidimensional scaling methods, which rely to a large extent on similarities data, have been suggested for use in a range of marketing problems, including product life cycle analysis, market segmentation, vendor evaluations, and advertising effectiveness studies. One detailed classification system for similarities data utilizes as a primary descriptor the dichotomy of direct vs. derived measures [2]. Although measurement of human response, as generated from paired comparisons (or a variant thereof), is perhaps the most obvious method of obtaining similarities data, profile scores, derived from correlation procedures, distance measures, matching coefficients, and the like, may also be used. This note reports on a survey in which the primary variables were response rates generated by questionnaires utilizing direct and derived methods of obtaining similarities data.
Unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria.

AbstractThe most common cause of sudden and total cessation of urine output is obstructive uropathy, usually at the bladder outlet. Bilateral ureteral obstruction is a much less common cause of anuria. In addition, unilateral obstruction in the presence of a solitary kidney must be considered in the differential diagnosis. Primary renal parenchymal disorders and pre-renal azotemia occasionally may be anuric but more commonly are oliguric. A case of unilateral renal agenesis presenting as anuria and obstruction of the solitary kidney is described.
Functional MR imaging in pediatrics.

SUMMARY Functional MR imaging noninvasively provides images of the brain at work. For this reason, increasingly it is being used to gain insights into functional mechanisms of the normal and diseased brain. As a result, these insights no longer depend on single case studies with specific dysfunction following brain trauma. Using modern brain imaging techniques, it has been possible to visualize the organization of the visual, motor, sensory, and auditory cortex, and to localize these brain functions for presurgical planning. Functional neuroimaging techniques have been employed primarily to study a variety of perceptual and cognitive processes in adult volunteers. Many questions relating to the development of the perceptual and cognitive systems are only beginning to be addressed. The noninvasive nature of functional MR imaging offers a real advantage over other techniques when dealing with children, yet providing a high spatial and temporal resolution. The link between neuronal activity, blood flow, and tissue oxygenation, which forms the basis of the signal change in fMR imaging, however, has to be further elucidated in the immature brain. The ability to link the emergence of function to the development of the corresponding central mechanism will allow new insights into normal perceptual and cognitive processes, leading to the clinical use of fMR imaging in children with congenital malformations and those with acquired disorders.
Lymphoma (Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplant)

Although treatment strategies for lymphoma may include hematopoietic cell transplant, quantitative surveillance recommendations that were accessed for lymphoma patients did not distinguish between those with or without transplant. The guidelines in Chapter 26 should be considered applicable to all lymphoma patients, including those whose treatment includes transplant. The surveillance strategies related to immunosuppression are not discussed in this textbook.
Using a Murder Mystery to Teach Evaluation Skills: A Case Study

ABSTRACTEvaluation of sources and information is an important part of information literacy and the research process. Evaluation skills and their application to daily life might be reduced to a checklist in a one-shot lesson or a semester-long information literacy class. To demonstrate the transferability of evaluation skills, one teaching librarian created an active-learning, online murder mystery to engage students. Instructors have established using games as an active-learning lesson in the face-to-face classroom. A murder mystery game challenges students to evaluate information from the course, verify the information using online searches, and demonstrate critical thinking skills in the context of a game. This case study explains the rationale of using such a game in an online, semester-long class, the process of creating the mystery, and its benefits in the virtual classroom.
Performance and initial investigation of channel interactions on nested-channel Hall thrusters

The University of Michigan, in collaboration with NASA and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, has developed two nested-channel Hall thrusters: the X2 and the X3. The X2 is a 6-kW two-channel thruster that was designed as a proof of concept for nesting channels concentrically. The thruster runs off a single centrally-mounted cathode. The successful results of the X2 project lead to the development of the X3, a 200-kW three-channel thruster.
PARP1 Differentially Interacts with Promoter region of DUX4 Gene in FSHD Myoblasts

Objective: The goal of the study is to identity proteins, which interact with the promoter region of double homeobox protein 4 (DUX4) gene known to be causative for the autosomal dominant disorder Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD). Methods: We performed a DNA pull down assay coupled with mass spectrometry analysis to identify proteins that interact with a DUX4 promoter probe in Rhabdomyosarcomca (RD) cells. We selected the top ranked protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) from our mass spectrometry data for further ChIP-qPCR validation using patients’ myoblasts. We then treated FSHD myoblasts with PARP1 inhibitors to investigate the role of PARP1 in the FSHD myoblasts. Results: In our mass spectrometry analysis, PARP1 was found to be the top ranked protein interacting preferentially with the DUX4 promoter probe in RD cells. We further validated this interaction by immunoblotting in RD cells (2-fold enrichment compared to proteins pulled down by a control probe, p<0.05) and ChIP-qPCR in patients’ myoblasts (65-fold enrichment, p<0.01) Interestingly, the interaction was only observed in FSHD myoblasts but not in the control myoblasts. Upon further treatment of FSHD myoblasts with PARP1 inhibitors, we showed that treatment with a PARP1 inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (0.5 mM), for 24 hours had a suppression of DUX4 (2.6 fold, p<0.05) and ZSCAN4, a gene previously shown to be upregulated by DUX4, (1.6 fold, p<0.01) in FSHD myoblasts. Treatment with fisetin (0.5 mM), a polyphenol compound with PARP1 inhibitory property, for 24 hours also suppressed the expression of DUX4 (44.8 fold, p<0.01) and ZSCAN4 (2.2 fold, p<0.05) in the FSHD myoblasts. We further showed that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a gene regulated by PARP1 was also enriched at the DUX4 promoter in RD cells through immunoblotting (2-fold, p<0.01) and immortalized FSHD myoblasts (42-fold, p<0.01) but not control myoblasts through ChIP qPCR. Conclusions: Our results showed that PARP1 and DNMT1 interacted with DUX4 promoter and may be involved in modulating DUX4 expression in FSHD.
Recombinant oncolytic poliovirus, PVSRIPO, has potent cytotoxic and innate inflammatory effects, mediating therapy in human breast and prostate cancer xenograft models.

// Eda K. Holl 1 , Michael C. Brown 2 , David Boczkowski 1 , Megan A. McNamara 3 , Daniel J. George 3 , Darell D. Bigner 4 , Matthias Gromeier 2 , Smita K. Nair 1, 4 1 Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA 3 Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA 4 Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA Correspondence to: Smita K. Nair, email: smita.nair@duke.edu Keywords: oncolytic poliovirus, PVSRIPO, inflammation, innate immunity Received: August 29, 2016 Accepted: October 13, 2016 Published: October 28, 2016 ABSTRACT Intratumoral inoculation of viruses with tumor-selective cytotoxicity may induce cancer cell death and, thereby, shrink neoplastic lesions. It is unlikely, however, that viral tumor cell killing alone could produce meaningful, durable clinical responses, as clinically suitable ‘oncolytic’ viruses are severely attenuated and their spread and propagation are opposed by host immunity. Thus, a more propitious event in this context is the innate antiviral response to intratumoral virus administration, in particular for recruiting durable adaptive immune effector responses. It may represent a double-edged sword, as innate immune activation may eliminate infected tumor cells early, intercept viral spread and block any meaningful therapeutic response. The innate response to viral infection of tumors may be very different from that in non-malignant target tissues, owing to the unusual composition/tissue properties of tumor stroma. In this work, we report investigations of the innate immune response to the oncolytic poliovirus recombinant, PVSRIPO, in two mouse xenotransplantation models for breast and prostate cancer. Our observations indicate short-term virus persistence in infected tumors and virus recovery indicative of modest intratumoral propagation and persistence. Yet, a powerful innate inflammatory response coincided with chemokine induction and myeloid cell infiltration into tumors that was, interestingly, dominated by neutrophils. The combined effect of PVSRIPO tumor infection and the innate response it elicits was significant tumor regression in both models.
The Connected Learner: Engaging faculty to connect computing students to peers, profession and purpose

The Connected Learner is a re-orientation of undergraduate computing education that focuses on connecting students to peers, the profession, and purpose. The College of Computing and Informatics at UNC Charlotte—comprised of three departments with an undergraduate enrollment of approximately 1,500 students—is a large research institution in an urban setting with a diverse student population. Within this unique context, the project aim is to build a sustainable practice of educational innovation across the undergraduate computing curriculum by increasing faculty awareness of teaching innovations, resources for pedagogical change, and support for teaching practices that engage students. The vision is to create an active learning environment that transforms the student entering the computing undergraduate program from a person with an interest in computing to a person with an affinity identity [1] as a computing professional through these ongoing connections. We employ a systems theory of change for the Connected Learner based on two foundational concepts: flipped classrooms and engagement theory. To achieve related goals of improving student retention and time to graduation, Connected Learner teaching strategies are being integrated across the undergraduate curriculum with an initial focus on introductory gateway courses. Change is occurring via infrastructure supports to sustain learning practices across our college through faculty development initiatives (hiring, training, mentoring, and incentives) that are designed to inform faculty about engagement pedagogies, motivate faculty to adopt these practices, and shift pedagogical attitudes. During the first year of the five-year project, quantitative and qualitative data from students and faculty was collected and analyzed. This data provides a baseline of student attitudes and performance as well as a baseline of faculty attitudes and teaching practices. In this paper, we present the background, context, organizational structure, and research questions for the project. Findings from Year 1 are discussed, including academic outcomes, project milestones, and student attitudes towards new teaching practices. Long-term project goals and expectations are presented.
Caregiver qualities, family closeness, and the well-being of adolescents engaged in the child welfare system

Abstract Children who come into contact with the child welfare system are at greater risk of experiencing internalizing and externalizing behaviors. This secondary analysis of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being explored how caregiver characteristics and behaviors, and caregiver–child closeness influence these outcomes over time. The final sample was 877 caregiver and adolescent (11–17 years old) dyads. Weighted multivariate regression analyses were performed. Caregiver characteristics associated with depressive symptoms included age and education; caregiver health was not associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors. For adolescents, being female, older, or Hispanic was associated with internalizing behaviors. Although not significant for externalizing behaviors, caregiver–adolescent closeness was protective against internalizing behaviors. Understanding factors that contribute to the mental health of child-welfare-exposed adolescents has far-reaching implications for family-based interventions with child-welfare-involved youth.
Effect of Ionic Strength on Solvation Geometries in Aqueous Nitrate Ion Solutions

Temperature-dependent infrared spectra of aqueous nitrate solutions with a range of concentrations and ionic strengths are used to determine the effect of ionic strength on the relative stabilities of different solvation geometries in aqueous nitrate ion. The asymmetric stretching absorption band from 1250 to 1450 cm–1 changes line shape with temperature, allowing two distinct peaks to be fit for each spectrum. Because each peak is assigned based on electronic structure calculations as a proxy to a different solvation motif, van’t Hoff plots provide insight into the thermodynamics of exchange between different solvation geometries. A strong linear trend is seen between increased ionic strength and the magnitude of both the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the solvation geometry stabilities. Electronic structure computations of previously proposed structures in different ionic strengths are performed in the presence of external fields, roughly simulating the impact of ions in solution.
On-Line Particle Size Distribution Control Strategy in an Emulsion Copolymerization Reactor

Abstract Model order reduction is applied to a population balance equation (PBE) describing the particle size distribution in an emulsion copolymerization reactor. The reduced order model is used in linear model predictive control. The perfonnance of controllers with different controlled outputs is compared in the presence of two classes of disturbances, one related to the nucleation mechanism and the other affecting the growth rate, to determine the most robust control strategy for the regulation of the distribution at the final time.