cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary Intraoperative Assessment of Breast Specimens Reduces Number of Positive Margins

Successful breast-conserving surgery requires achieving negative margins. At our institution, the whole surgical specimen is imaged and then serially sectioned with repeat imaging. A multidisciplinary discussion then determines need for excision of additional margins. The goal of this study was to determine the benefit of each component of this approach in reducing the number of positive margin. This single-institution, prospective study included ten breast surgical oncologists who were surveyed to ascertain whether they would have taken additional margins based their review of whole specimen images (WSI) and review of serially sectioned images (SSI). These results were compared with the multidisciplinary decisions (MDD) and pathology results. Margin status was defined using consensus guidelines. One hundred surveys were completed. Margins on the original specimen were positive or close in 21%. After WSI, surgeons reported that they would have taken additional margins in 26 cases, reducing the number of positive/close margins from 21 to 13% (p < 0.001). After SSI, 52 would have taken additional margins; however, the number of positive/close margins remained 13%. MDD resulted in additional margins taken in 56 cases, reducing the number of positive/close margins to 7% (p < 0.001 compared with SSI). While surgeon review of specimen radiographs can decrease the number of positive or close margins from 21 to 13%, more rigorous multidisciplinary, intraoperative margin assessment reduces the number of close or positive margins to 7%.
Associations between Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Laryngeal/Voice-Disordered Population.

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment among patients with laryngeal/voice disorders.Study DesignRetrospective co...
A Miniature Wireless Neural Recording System for Chronic Implantation in Freely Moving Animals

Bioelectronic Medicine Therapies offer a promising alternative to traditional procedures for diseases such as epilepsy, and implantable devices are crucial for its development. We present here a miniature, low power, 2 channel wireless neural recording system with sampling rates of 20ksps to allow researchers to understand the neurological functioning to develop therapies in freely moving small animals. The wireless implant uses Carbon Nano Tube Yarn (CNTY) electrodes to interface with the nervous system and record signals. High data transmission rates are achieved by using an Ultra-wideband Impulse Radio (UWB-IR) transmitter and wireless switching control is provided by Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The UWB transmitter is primarily designed to make it chronically implantable in freely moving rats to record neural activity but is also applicable to the telemetry of any signals such as surface EEG. Preliminary experiments and bench test results have confirmed its functioning for a distance range of more than 5m with high data transmission rate and low power consumption.
Screening Mammography Among Older Women: A Review of United States Guidelines and Potential Harms

In the United States, older women (aged ≥65 years) continue to receive routine screening mammography surveillance, despite limited evidence supporting the benefits to this subpopulation. This article reviews screening mammography guidelines and the potential harms of such screening for older women in the United States. Published guidelines and recommendations on screening mammography for older women from professional medical societies and organizations in the United States were reviewed from the mid-20th century to present. Observational data were then synthesized to present the documented harms from screening mammography among older women. In 1976, the American Cancer Society recommended to screen all women aged ≥40 years with no upper age limit. With time, other major U.S. medical societies adopted their own screening guidelines without a consensus on age of screening cessation. A population-wide screening effort has largely continued without an upper age limit and with it, a growing body of literature on the harms of screening older women. Reported harms from screening mammography procedures have included physical pain, psychological distress, excessive use of health services from overdiagnoses/false positives, and undue financial expenses. These costs are particularly pronounced among special populations with limited life expectancies such as those of very advanced age ≥80 years, long-term nursing home residents, and the cognitively impaired. When potential harms, remaining life years, and the viability of available treatments are considered, the burdens of screening mammography often outweigh the benefits for older women. For some cases, an individualized approach to recommendations would be appropriate. National guidelines should be updated to provide clear guidance for screening women of advanced age, especially those in special populations with limited life expectancies.
Responsible collaborations: Scholarship and cultural heritage assets

I recently served as a national consultant on collaborations between libraries and museums. There are not that many articles published about collaborations and cultural heritage collections, although I suspect many unreported activities are being done in the field. From the 2009 program my College Libraries Section (CLS) committee developed when I was CLS chair on town/gown relationships (Our Town, Common Ground) with public and academic librarian panelists to a 2016 article, cultural heritage institutions and collaboration has been a focus of mine. My life and work experiences gave me a broad exposure to a wide variety of cultures, cultural norms, and an appreciation and valuing of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Trajectories of major depression in middle-aged and older adults: A population-based study

Objectives This study aimed to examine depression trajectories and correlates in a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Methods The study sample consisted of 15 661 participants aged over 50 years from the US Health and Retirement Study. Major depression was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF). Depression trajectories were identified using a group-based trajectory modeling enhanced to account for nonrandom attrition. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to investigate predictors of depression trajectories. Results Four depression trajectory groups were identified: "never" (85.8%), "increasing" (6.3%), "decreasing" (3.2%), and "persistently moderate/high" (4.7%). Baseline depressive symptom severity was a strong predictor of depression trajectories. Older age, male sex, and non-Hispanic African American race were associated with a lower risk of the three trajectories with small to high depression burden, whereas chronic disease count was associated with a higher risk of these trajectories. The risk of being on the increasing trajectory increased with mobility difficulties. Difficulties in household activities predicted membership in the persistently moderate/high group. Conclusions A small but nonignorable proportion of middle-aged and older adults have chronic major depression. Initial symptom severity and chronic disease burden are consistent risk factors for unfavorable depression trajectories and potential targets for screening and intervention.
Systemic inflammatory response to inhaled endotoxin does not correlate with airway response.

Endotoxin is a component of particulate matter linked to respiratory disease. Our group has shown that experimental endotoxin inhalation challenge reproducibly triggers neutrophilic inflammation in the airways and in peripheral blood. Sputum induction is currently the only available method for assessing airway neutrophilia but is laborious and time-consuming. This analysis examined the correlation between systemic and airway inflammatory responses to endotoxin to determine if peripheral blood could serve as a surrogate marker for neutrophilic airway inflammation. We conducted a retrospective study of 124 inhaled endotoxin challenges conducted at our center using 20,000 endotoxin units (EU) of Clinical Center Reference Endotoxin (CCRE). Venipuncture and induced sputum samples were obtained at baseline and 6 hours after completion of endotoxin challenge. The relationship between change in sputum neutrophils (post-challenge – baseline) and change in peripheral blood neutrophils (post-challenge – baseline) was assessed using Spearman’s correlation analyses. Inhaled endotoxin induced a significant increase in mean sputum percent neutrophils and peripheral blood absolute neutrophil counts in healthy adults with or without mild asthma, but no significant correlation was found between airway and systemic neutrophilia (r = 0.13, p = 0.18). Stratification by degree of airway neutrophil response and by atopic or asthmatic status did not change the results. Inhalation challenge with endotoxin safely and effectively induces airway neutrophilic inflammation in most individuals. Increases in endotoxin-induced peripheral blood neutrophils do not correlate well with airway responses and should not be used as a surrogate marker of airway inflammation.
Script variation as audience design: Imagining readership and community in Japanese yuri comics

Building on recent work supporting a sociolinguistic approach to orthographic choice, this study engages with paratextual language use in yuri, a subgenre of Japanese shōjo manga ‘girls’ comics’ that centers on same-sex romantic and/or erotic relationships between female characters. The comic magazine Comic Yuri Hime has been the dominant, if not only, yuri-oriented published magazine in Japan since its inception in 2005. Though both written and consumed by a primarily female audience, the magazine has undergone numerous attempts to rebrand and refocus the target audience as a means to broaden the magazine's readership. This change in target demographic is reflected in the stylistic representation of paratextual occurrences of the second-person pronoun anata, indicating the role of the textual landscape in reflecting, and reifying, an imagined target audience. (Script variation, manga, popular media, Japan, yuri manga)
Effect of tilt on circular zone plate performance

Fresnel zone plates are frequently used as focusing and imaging optics in x-ray microscopy, as they provide the ease of use of normal incidence optics. We consider here the effects of tilt misalignment on their optical performance, both in the thin optics limit and in the case of zone plates that are sufficiently thick so that volume diffraction effects come into play. Using multislice propagation, we show that simple analytical models describe the tilt sensitivity of thin zone plates and the thickness at which volume diffraction must be considered, and examine numerically the performance of example zone plates for soft x-ray focusing at 0.5 keV and hard x-ray focusing at 10 keV.
Salience of Ethnic Minority Grandparents in the Ethnic-Racial Socialization and Identity Development of Multiracial Grandchildren

Ethnic minority grandparents play a critical role in the lives of their grandchildren. A less examined yet assumed important role of ethnic minority grandparents is their function in the ethnic-rac...
Community-level factors associated with the use of facility-based delivery assistance in Uganda: a multilevel analysis

In low- and middle-income countries, the proportion of pregnant women who use health facilities for delivery remains low. Although delivering in a health facility with skilled health providers can make the critical difference between survival and death for both mother and child, in 2016, more than 25% of pregnant women did not deliver in a health facility in Uganda. This study examines the association of contextual factors measured at the community-level with use of facility-based delivery in Uganda, after controlling for household and individual-level factors. Pooled household level data of 3310 observations of women who gave birth in the last five years is linked to community level data from the Uganda National Panel Survey (UNPS). A multilevel model that adequately accounted for the clustered nature of the data and the binary outcome of whether or not the woman delivered in a health facility was estimated. The study findings show a positive association at the county level between place of delivery, education and access to health services, and a negative association between place of delivery and poverty. Individuals living in communities with a high level of education amongst the household heads were 1.67 times (95% Confidence Interval: 1.07–2.61) more likely to have had a facility-based delivery compared to women living in communities where household heads did not have high levels of education. Women who lived in counties with a short travel time (less than 33 min) were 1.66 times (95% CI: 1.11–2.48) more likely to have had a facility-based delivery compared to women who lived in counties with longer travel time to any health facility. Women living in poor counties were only 0.64 times (95% CI: 0.42–0.97) as likely to have delivered in a health facility compared to pregnant women from communities with more affluent individuals. The findings on household head’s education, community economic status and travel time to a health facility are useful for defining the attributes for targeting and developing relevant nation-wide community-level health promotion campaigns. However, limited evidence was found in broad support of the role of community level factors.
Revenue per Quality of College Football Recruit

There is significant debate about compensation of college athletes in revenue generating sports. In college football, the potential heterogeneity in player value has received little attention in th...
The observation and nursing of critical ill children with influenza A H1N1

Objective To probe into the nursing and focus on disease observation of critical ill children with influenza A H1N1. Methods Twenty seven critical ill children with influenza A H1N1were observed, including 11 cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) , 9 cases with MODS, 7 cases with encephalopathy associated with influenza A H1N1. Results Among these patients, 24 cases were cured, 3 cases combination with encephalopathy associated with influenza A H1N1 were dead. Critically ill children were mostly school - age children, severe pneumonia patients were shortness of breath, hypoxemia as prominent symptoms, tree - like casts serious Asthmatic bronchial pneumonia showed seriously choking, a stream merger - related encephalopathy showed varying degrees of neuropsy-chiatric symptoms, condition appeared irreversible deep coma. Conclusions To identify precursor symptoms of H1N1 critically ill patients early, provide respiratory support as soon as possible, early intervene and treat flow - related encephalopathy are the roles to control the progress in reducing the mortality of critical illness. Key words: Influenza A H1N1; Critical ill; Children; Nursing
Case of Bullous Grover Disease.

ABSTRACT Grover disease is an acquired acantholytic dermatosis affecting middle-aged men, with pruritus being the most commonly associated symptom. Grover disease tends to wax and wane and can last between several months to several years. Although Grover disease is usually papular, we report here a patient who presented with mainly vesicular and bullous lesions on his back originally concerning for folliculitis, contact dermatitis, or disseminated herpes simplex viral infection. Skin biopsy demonstrated acantholysis, suprabasal blisters, and a predominantly lymphocytic dermal infiltrate. Tzanck preparation for giant cells, immunohistochemistry for viral markers, and direct immunofluorescence staining were all negative. A diagnosis of bullous Grover disease was made based on clinicopathological correlation. Minocycline was recommended based on report of its efficacy. However, patient declined treatment and his rash self-resolved within a couple of months. This case brings awareness to this atypical variant of Grover disease and encourages physician to include Grover disease in their differential of vesiculobullous disorders.
Ethical and Legal Implications of Remote Monitoring of Medical Devices.

Policy Points Millions of life-sustaining implantable devices collect and relay massive amounts of digital health data, increasingly by using user-downloaded smartphone applications to facilitate data relay to clinicians via manufacturer servers. Our analysis of health privacy laws indicates that most US patients may have little access to their own digital health data in the United States under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule, whereas the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the California Consumer Privacy Act grant greater access to device-collected data. Our normative analysis argues for consistently granting patients access to the raw data collected by their implantable devices. Context Millions of life-sustaining implantable devices collect and relay massive amounts of digital health data, increasingly by using user-downloaded smartphone applications to facilitate data relay to clinicians via manufacturer servers. Whether patients have either legal or normative claims to data collected by these devices, particularly in the raw, granular format beyond that summarized in their medical records, remains incompletely explored. Methods Using pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) as a clinical model, we outline the clinical ecosystem of data collection, relay, retrieval, and documentation. We consider the legal implications of US and European privacy regulations for patient access to either summary or raw device data. Lastly, we evaluate ethical arguments for or against providing patients access to data beyond the summaries presented in medical records. Findings Our analysis of applicable health privacy laws indicates that US patients may have little access to their raw data collected and held by device manufacturers in the United States under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule, whereas the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) grants greater access to device-collected data when the processing of personal data falls under the GDPR's territorial scope. The California Consumer Privacy Act, the "little sister" of the GDPR, also grants greater rights to California residents. By contrast, our normative analysis argues for consistently granting patients access to the raw data collected by their implantable devices. Smartphone applications are increasingly involved in the collection, relay, retrieval, and documentation of these data. Therefore, we argue that smartphone user agreements are an emerging but potentially underutilized opportunity for clarifying both legal and ethical claims for device-derived data. Conclusions Current health privacy legislation incompletely supports patients' normative claims for access to digital health data.
How to Ensure Your Supervisory College Meeting Is an Abysmal Failure

This tongue-in-cheek short article is based on my conversations with central bankers and bank supervisors regarding the operation of supervisory colleges. The tone of the article was inspired by a “tongue in cheek” presentation by the Honorable William B. Traxler, Jr., judge on the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals, Richmond, Virginia, at a bar meeting in South Carolina in the late 1990s and more recently, by a dinner speech given by Norman T.L. Chan on Nov. 22, 2017, entitled “How to Get Rid of Banking Supervisors.” Mr. Chan indicated his motivation for the title of the speech was to attract “a few more senior bankers to help foot the dinner bill.”
OVERLOOKED AGGRESSION: PRESIDENT TRUMP’S 2019 COERCION OF UKRAINE AND THE BUDAPEST MEMORANDUM

In 2019, U.S. President Donald Trump was impeached for his ongoing conduct toward the Government of Ukraine. While much has been written about the domestic implications, few have raised questions about the potential violation of standing international agreements, especially those between the U.S. and Ukraine. Based upon a close textual analysis of available government documents and the agreement itself, we conclude that President Trump’s 2019 actions toward the Government of Ukraine violated the 1994 Budapest Memorandum.Based upon the available government documents and a close textual analysis of relevant sections of the agreement, we conclude that President Trump’s 2019 conduct toward the Government of Ukraine violated the 1994 Budapest Memorandum.Through his conduct, President Trump and his associates used “an act of military, or of political, economic or other coercion” (CSCE Final Act, 1975, p. 4, Section VI), to “subordinate” or influence the internal affairs, “political, social, economic [or] cultural systems,” or “laws and regulations” of Ukraine (CSCE Final Act, 1975, p. 4, Section VI). (Budapest Memorandum, 1994, p. 4) in order to “[serve] their own interests” or to “secure advantages of any kind” (Budapest Memorandum, 1994, p. 4).This raises critical questions going forward: what are the implications of such a violation by a president of the United States? And how far will the Trump administration go?Although it would directly contradict Ukraine’s long-held strategic culture and security interests (Sinovets, Budjeryn, 2017, p. 1), had Ukraine deemed this violation “extraordinary circumstances that jeopardize its supreme interests” (Budjeryn, n.d., p. 4), the international ramifications, damage to the nonproliferation paradigm and disarmament efforts could have been immense. A more aggressive nation might be inclined to strike back at such a violation.Additionally: even though this instance of President Trump’s conduct was unique in that it directly violated an agreement, detrimental foreign policy and the degradation of the nonproliferation and arms control paradigm are nothing new for the Trump administration. From the JCPOA, to declining the INF treaty, to distancing and publicly degrading long-standing NATO allies (Fisher, 2016), to growing increasingly close with and complimenting authoritarian leaders such as Vladimir Putin – who also violated the Budapest Memorandum – reckless foreign policy is a consistent, destructive practice by the Trump administration. And as demonstrated by President Trump’s decision to – wittingly or unwittingly – abuse the power of his office to violate an international agreement with a strategic partner for his own political gain, there is no telling what foreign policy damage his administration could do from here.
Neurogenic Trauma During Delivery

One in four women will develop a pelvic floor disorder during their lifetime, and one in five will undergo surgery for prolapse or urinary incontinence. Pregnancy and childbirth are well-established risk factors for developing pelvic floor disorders. In fact, up to one third of women develop stress urinary incontinence after their first delivery, and 42% if those whose symptoms resolve in the first few months postpartum will have recurrent symptoms within 5 years.
Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2/COVID19.

Purpose of review SARS-CoV-2 is the novel human coronavirus responsible for the COVID19 pandemic. Accurate detection of infection with SARS-CoV-2 is an essential component of efforts to treat individual patients and to contain spread of the virus in the community. The purpose of this review is to describe current diagnostic modalities for SARS-CoV-2 and outline their use. Special considerations for pediatric age groups are included. Recent findings RNA PCR from the upper respiratory tract remains the gold standard for detection of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Antigen testing is being widely deployed as a faster and more convenient alternative to PCR, but is less sensitive and should only be used for diagnosis early after symptom onset. Serologic assays can document prior infection and are helpful in diagnosing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Serologic testing should not be used to diagnose acute or active infection. Immune assays are likely to provide a useful measure of protection against COVID19 in the future as knowledge of protective responses improves. Summary A variety of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics have recently been developed and deployed. Clinicians should understand the appropriate use and interpretation of RNA PCR, antigen testing and immune assays for SARS-CoV-2 in order to diagnose and treat patients in this evolving pandemic.
Rhetoric and Economics in the Estate Tax Debate

[© Brookings Institution] In this paper, we evaluate and critique ten principal claims made in recent debates on the estate tax, distinguishing five types of statements: facts, rhetoric, value judgments, economic reasoning, and informed speculation. Economics can not fully resolve the debate because economic knowledge is inconclusive and because value judgments help determine optimal choices. Nevertheless, economic analysis can contribute substantially to informing these debates and we show that many of the claims on both sides are incorrect or incomplete, given what is known.
Cohesin Releasing Factor WAPL Regulates Genome Structure and Function of Mature T Cells

ABSTRACT The cohesin complex modulates gene expression and cellular functions by shaping three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin. WAPL, cohesin’s DNA releasing factor, regulates 3D chromatin architecture. The 3D genome structure and its relevance to mature T cell functions is not well understood. We show that in vivo lymphopenic expansion, and allo-antigen driven proliferation, alters the 3D structure and function of the genome in mature T cells. Conditional deletion of Wapl in T cells reduced long-range genomic interactions, altered chromatin A/B compartments and the topologically associating domains (TAD) of the chromatin in T cells at baseline. Comparison of chromatin structure in normal and WAPL-deficient T cells after lymphopenic and allo-antigen driven stimulation revealed reduced loop extensions with changes in cell cycling genes. WAPL-mediated changes in 3D architecture of chromatin regulated activation, cycling and proliferation of T cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, WAPL-deficient T cells caused reduced severity of graft-versus-host disease following experimental allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. These data collectively characterize 3D genomic architecture of T cells in vivo and demonstrate biological and clinical implications for its disruption by cohesin releasing factor WAPL.
Electric Fish Trade-Off Energy between Competing Metabolic Demands

Physiological trade-offs are driven by internal competition of two or more functional demands for the same limited resource. This study is the first to quantify a direct energetic trade-off between reproductive behavior and other metabolic functions. Males of the weakly electric fish Brachyhypopomus gauderio produce reproductive signals that are among the most energetically costly of any animal measured, consuming up to a third of the animal’s daily energy budget. In this study, we determined that high energetic demand of male electric signals is matched by a metabolic trade-off with other cellular functions. We used thyroxine implants to modulate the signal metabolism, partitioned the energy budget pharmacologically, and measured energy consumption using oxygen respirometry. In males, total energy consumption was unchanged pre- and post-thyroxine treatment, while signal metabolism rose and the standard metabolic rate fell in an even trade-off. In contrast to males, total metabolism in females rose under thyroxine and females traded off metabolic functions in the opposite direction from males, boosting standard metabolic rate at the expense of signal metabolism. These results reveal metabolic trade-offs between signaling and cellular metabolism in electric fish and suggest that thyroid hormones regulate the allocation of energy between electric signals and somatic maintenance in favor of reproduction, likely at the expense of survival.
The soundscape of quarantine

Given the drastic effect of ongoing lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021, many researchers in different fields found themselves learning the basics of epidemiology and public health. However, in the midst of such a crisis, it is incumbent for content experts to apply their own expertise to the problem at hand, no matter how marginal their contribution may be. It is argued that at the broadest level, acousticians may contribute to the mental and physical health of those undergoing pandemic lockdowns via soundscape analysis. Given the widespread lockdown fatigue of staying largely indoors for nearly a year, even small improvements in quality of life under lockdown may be help the wider crisis by helping people follow public health recommendations longer than they otherwise would. The first part of this analysis focuses on noise prevention, especially in multi-unit housing where sound transmission between units can exacerbate social ties. Second, this talk examines the role of acoustic simulation, spatial audio, and VR to open up larger worlds to those under prolonged confinment.
Inflammatory vaginitis in women on long-term rituximab treatment for autoimmune disorders.

Background Consequences of long-term B cell depletion with rituximab are not well understood. We describe inflammatory vaginitis as a potential side effect of long-term rituximab treatment, distinct from previously described vulvovaginal pyoderma gangrenosum. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of women treated with rituximab for more than 1 year to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of vaginitis cases. We conducted a case-control analysis with up to 3 controls for each vaginitis case. Results We identified sixteen inflammatory vaginitis cases. Women with vaginitis were age 23-68 (median 42), primarily being treated for ANCA-associated vasculitis (11/16; 69%). Most reported copious vaginal discharge (100%) and pain with sex (75%). All women with return of circulating B-cells to > 10 cells/mL had complete (5/9) or significant (4/9) improvement in symptoms. In case-control analysis there was no significant difference in length of B-cell depletion, immune parameters, creatinine levels, and history of neutropenia. Conclusion Inflammatory vaginitis is a potential side effect of prolonged continuous B cell depletion with rituximab. More studies are needed to characterize the incidence and etiology of vaginitis among women on long term rituximab therapy and establish a causal relationship.
Relevance of Hemorrhage After Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium would seem to be a rational way of limiting ischemic injury. Studies in dogs have shown that if reperfusion is instituted within 20 min of coronary occlusion myocardial blood flow, function, and morphology eventually return to normal [23, 24]. However, if 40 min or more elapse before flow is restored, normal perfusion may not be restored, function may not recover fully or may even worsen temporarily, and the morphological signs of myocardial injury may be more pronounced than would be expected after occlusion of the same duration not followed by reperfusion [23, 24, 26].
Fluorine diffusion: models and experiments

Fluorine has long been implanted as a co-dopant during the implant of boron into silicon in the form of BF/sub 2/, More recently its importance has increased because of its recognized ability to decrease the diffusion of the implanted boron resulting in shallower junctions, a requirement for continued transistor minimization. New experiments examining the time-dependence of fluorine diffusion in silicon have been performed, resulting in the discovery of a new fluorine diffusion behavior not described in previous research at these dose levels. We propose a physical-based model for this behavior based on these experiments that explains the anomalous motion of fluorine.
Antisemitism and the American Far Left

Antisemitism and the American Far Left, by Stephen H. Norwood, seeks to trace the growth of the contemporary anti-Israel movement in America to positions that have evolved on the radical left over ...
Ethanol-induced methylation of cell cycle genes in neural stem cells

Ethanol inhibits the proliferation of neural precursors by altering mitogenic and anti-mitogenic growth factor signaling and can affect global methylation activity in the fetus. We tested the hypothesis that epigenetic modification of specific cell cycle genes underlies the ethanol-induced inhibition of growth factor-regulated cell cycle progression. Monolayer cultures of neural stem cells (NSCs) were treated with fibroblast growth factor 2 or transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 in the absence or presence of ethanol. Ethanol increased the total length of the cell cycle by elongating the amount of time spent in the gap 1 (G1) and synthesis (S) phases of the cell cycle. Ethanol induced the hypermethylation of multiple cell cycle genes associated with the G1/S and gap 2/mitotic phase (G2/M) checkpoints and increased the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases. These changes were most pronounced in the presence of TGFβ1. Epigenetic alterations paralleled the down-regulation of associated transcripts and other checkpoint-related mRNAs both in vitro (NS-5 cell culture) and in vivo (fetal mouse cortex). Ethanol-induced hypermethylation was accompanied by decreases in the proportion of NSCs expressing associated cell cycle proteins. Thus, ethanol disrupts growth factor-related cell cycle progression by inducing checkpoint restriction at the G1/S transition through a feed-forward system involving the methylation of G2/M regulators.
Evidence of atmospheric sulphur in the martian regolith from sulphur isotopes in meteorites

Sulphur is abundant at the martian surface, yet its origin and evolution over time remain poorly constrained. This sulphur is likely to have originated in atmospheric chemical reactions, and so should provide records of the evolution of the martian atmosphere, the cycling of sulphur between the atmosphere and crust, and the mobility of sulphur in the martian regolith. Moreover, the atmospheric deposition of oxidized sulphur species could establish chemical potential gradients in the martian near-surface environment, and so provide a potential energy source for chemolithoautotrophic organisms. Here we present measurements of sulphur isotopes in oxidized and reduced phases from the SNC meteorites--the group of related achondrite meteorites believed to have originated on Mars--together with the results of laboratory photolysis studies of two important martian atmospheric sulphur species (SO2 and H2S). The photolysis experiments can account for the observed sulphur-isotope compositions in the SNC meteorites, and so identify a mechanism for producing large abiogenic 34S fractionations in the surface sulphur reservoirs. We conclude that the sulphur data from the SNC meteorites reflects deposition of oxidized sulphur species produced by atmospheric chemical reactions, followed by incorporation, reaction and mobilization of the sulphur within the regolith.
FATAL CRASHES OF FEMALE DRIVERS WEARING SAFETY BELTS

Fatal crash circumstances for 48 belted female drivers were studied in-depth, and compared to those of 83 belted male drivers in a similar population of vehicles. Women had a higher incidence of crashes on slippery roads, during lane changes and passing maneuvers than men who had a higher rate of aggressive driving and speed related crashes (X2 = 10.471, p less than 0.001). Driver- side damage was significantly more frequent in female than male crashes (X2 = 5.74, p less than 0.025), and women had a higher fraction of side impacts (45.9% versus 31.4%) and crashes during daylight (87.0% versus 72.3%, X2 = 3.65, p less than 0.05) than men. Women also had a higher fraction of potentially avoidable crashes than men (57.5% versus 39.0%) and a lower involvement related to aggressive driving (10.6% versus 25.6%). These differences were statistically significant (X2 = 5.41, p less than 0.025). Thirty percent of the avoidable fatal crashes of women occurred on slippery roads where the driver's reaction and experience in handling a vehicle in an emergency may be a factor. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD E201376.
Data mining using granular computing: fast algorithms for finding association rules

An attribute value of a relation is a meaningful name(common property) of a group of entities (elementary granule). A relational model using such elementary granules as its attribute values is called machine oriented relational model. In such a model, data processing, in particular finding association rules is transformed into granular computing. In this paper, algorithms for finding association rules by granular computing is presented. Analysis and experiments show that the computation is fast and is a promising approach. Experiments show about 15-20 time faster; theoretical analysis indicates that on the counting the support step, which is the major step, it is at least 32 (wordsize) time faster.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and tetralogy of fallot∗: Report of a case

Abstract A case of tetralogy of Fallot proven at operation and autopsy presented the classic electrocardiographic findings of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. An additional anatomic finding of interest was the presence of marked endocardial sclerosis involving the upper part of the interventricular septum. It is postulated that abnormal activation of this zone could have been responsible for the abnormal interventricular conduction.
Preparing School Counselors to Address Concerns Related to Giftedness: A Study of Accredited Counselor Preparation Programs

Professional school counselors are responsible for serving students across a wide range of cognitive ability, yet counselor educators may not attend to issues related to giftedness, such as how and when developmental phenomena may be experienced by highly able students, and the need to differentiate counseling approaches for this population. This study examined the extent to which CACREP-accredited school counseling programs addressed giftedness, as well as perceived barriers and supports that influenced whether programs included topics related to extreme ability in their preparatory curricula. Findings included that minimal attention was given to the implications of high ability for counseling practice, and that a lack of room in the curriculum, lack of funding, and absence of pertinent, mandated standards were some of the largest barriers to inclusion. Supports in the form of openness to including information, faculty expertise and experience, and perceived need were generally perceived to be low to moderate.
Comment on Photometric Evolutionary Corrections

De recentes etudes de galaxies tres bleues montrent que la formation des etoiles a lieu avec une fonction initiale de masse plus riche en etoiles de masse elevee que la fonction de Salpeter.
Diseases related to oxygen-derived free radicals

Oxygen-derived free radicals are very important mediators of cell injury and death. Not only are these highly reactive chemical species important in the aging process, but they are either directly or indirectly involved in a wide variety of clinical disorders, such as atherosclerosis, reperfusion injury, pulmonary toxicity, macular degeneration, cataractogenesis, and cancer. In addition, they play an important role in chronic granulomatous disease and act as secondary sources of cellular injury in chronic granulomatous disease and act as secondary sources of cellular injury in chronic inflammatory processes and several disorders of the central nervous system. Furthermore, a wide variety of drugs and xenobiotics are themselves either converted to, or stimulate the formation of, free radicals. Prevention and/or treatment of many of these disorders may be possible by appropriate antioxidant therapy, either currently available or to be discovered through continued research.
Projective method for generic sensor fusion problem

In a multiple sensor system, each sensor produces an output which is related to the desired feature according to a certain probability distribution. We propose a fuser that combines the sensor outputs to more accurately predict the desired feature. The fuser utilizes the lower envelope of regression curves of sensors to project the sensor with the least error at each point of the feature space. This fuser is optimal among all projective fusers and also satisfies the isolation property that ensures a performance at least as good as the best sensor. In the case the sensor distributions are not known, we show that a consistent estimator of this fuser can be computed entirely based on a training sample. Compared to linear fusers, the projective fusers provide a complementary performance. We propose two classes of metafusers that utilize both linear and projective fusers to perform at least as good as the best sensor as well as the best fuser.
Speaking to Strangers: Sharon Hayes and the Publics of Politics

In Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) Screeds #13, 16, 20, and 29 (2003) Sharon Hayes recites the declarations made by Patty Hearst on four audiotapes that were delivered to underground radio stations in 1974. By changing Hearst’s statements from auditory announcements to textual transcripts to a visual performance in front of an audience, Hayes’s work explores not just the rhetorical and performative affects of political modes of address, but also the importance of transmission and circulation processes in the formation of publics.
Micromotor-based on–off fluorescence detection of sarin and soman simulants

Self-propelled micromotor-based fluorescent “On–Off” detection of nerve agents is described. The motion-based assay utilizes Si/Pt Janus micromotors coated with fluoresceinamine toward real-time “on-the-fly” field detection of sarin and soman simulants.
Macrocytosis as an indicator of medication (zidovudine) adherence in patients with HIV infection.

This retrospective chart review was conducted in an outpatient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic to determine if macrocytosis can be used as a clinical indicator of zidovudine adherence in HIV-infected outpatients. This study included 71 HIV-positive patients who were taking zidovudine and 93 HIV-positive controls who were not taking zidovudine, for 8 weeks or longer. One control and 16 subjects were excluded secondary to insufficient laboratory data or preexistence of other macrocytosis-inducing etiologies. The incidence of macrocytosis (mean corpuscular volume [MCV] ≥ 100 fL) was significantly different among subjects and controls: 78% versus 32.6% (p < 0.001), respectively. Adherence (determined by documentation from a physician/pharmacist) was assessed among subjects for whom zidovudine was prescribed, comparing those with and without macrocytosis. Adherence was observed in 77% and 18% of the macrocytosis-positive and macrocytosis-negative subjects, respectively (p < 0.001). Macrocytosis was a...
Will agricultural toxics chase lenders back to the city

Agricultural lenders face a new risk of liability for toxic cleanup costs based on current interpretations of CERCLA (or the Superfund Law), forcing many lenders to reassess their business strategies. Yet, their response to the question “will agricultural toxics chase lenders back to the city?” has been a unanimous “no”. This article proposes an economic explanation for this surprising lender response, and explores some of its implications for lenders and the agricultural sector. A simple model of lending is developed based on input from agricultural lenders.
Model for end-stage liver disease: end of the first decade.

In February 2002 the Model for End Stage Liver Disease score (MELD) was adopted as the basis for allocation of liver allografts for transplantation (LT) in the United States. Implementation of the MELD score led to a reduction in waiting list registration and waitlist mortality and an increase in deceased donor transplants.1 Despite transplanting sicker patients (higher MELD scores), there has been no appreciable decrement in survival after LT.2 Further, as a common metric of underlying severity, the MELD score has been used in management of patients with a wide spectrum of liver disease.3 The MELD score is a working model and has served as a template for further refinement to achieve the goal of equitable distribution of a scare resource.4, 5 This review highlights the strengths of the current MELD score, addresses its limitations and discusses proposed modifications to successfully enrich a MELD based allocation system for the next decade of LT.
Selective Loss of α Motoneurons Innervating the Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Mutations in the superoxide dismutase gene 1 (SOD-1) are found in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Overexpression of a mutated human SOD-1 gene in mice results in neurodegenerative disease as result of motoneuron loss in lumbar spinal cord (10). Using this mouse model of FALS, we have established a quantitative assay utilizing the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG) to determine the number of motoneurons innervating one skeletal muscle in mice with ongoing disease. In adult wild-type mice, the number of alpha motoneurons retrogradely labeled by an injection of FG into medial gastrocnemius muscle is 50 +/- 7 and this number remains constant from 7 to 18 weeks of age. In mutant mice, the number of alpha motoneurons retrogradely labeled by FG is the same as in wild-type mice at 7 and 9 weeks, but then declines to 36% of that in normal mice at 18 weeks. This decline also correlates positively to severity of motor impairments in these mice as assessed by the hindlimb splay test. In contrast, the number of FG-labeled gamma motoneurons remains relatively unchanged in both wild-type and mutant mice up to 18 weeks. At 18 weeks of age, this apparent alpha motoneuron denervation is paralleled by an average of 55% reduction of MG-muscle mass and 40% weaker performance in the hindlimb splay test. These data suggest that alpha motoneurons are the most vulnerable neuronal subtype in this mouse model of ALS and it is primarily their loss that leads to functional motor deficits. This quantitative bioassay also will be valuable for evaluating novel therapeutics for ALS.
Payout Policy in the 21st Century

We survey 384 financial executives and conduct in depth interviews with an additional 23 to determine the factors that drive dividend and share repurchase decisions. Our findings indicate that maintaining the dividend level is on par with investment decisions, while repurchases are made out of the residual cash flow after investment spending. Perceived stability of future earnings still affects dividend policy as in Lintner (1956). However, fifty years later, we find that the link between dividends and earnings has weakened. Many managers now favor repurchases because they are viewed as being more flexible than dividends and can be used in an attempt to time the equity market or to increase EPS. Executives believe that institutions are indifferent between dividends and repurchases and that payout policies have little impact on their investor clientele. In general, management views provide little support for agency, signaling, and clientele hypotheses of payout policy. Tax considerations play a secondary role. This is the final working paper version of our 2005 publication in the Journal of Financial Economics.