cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A46: Genomic ancestry is associated with risk group and survival in children with neuroblastoma

Background: In a cohort of 3539 children with neuroblastoma, we have previously reported that self-reported black race is significantly associated with high-risk disease (p Methods: Genome-wide SNP genotypes from 3404 children with neuroblastoma were obtained from 3 Illumina platforms: HumanHap550 v1, HumanHap550 v3 and HumanQuad 610. Quality filtering removed 17 patients who were genotyped twice, 15 patients with ambiguous sex, 72 patients with some degree of relatedness and 120 patients with poor genotype call rates (defined as >5% total SNPs interrogated without a genotype call). Genotypes from the remaining 3180 patients were included in the analysis. Using ancestral reference populations from the International HapMap Project (Caucasian - CEU, African - YRI and Asian – CHB/JPT) and the EIGENSTRAT method, a principal components analysis for each of the three genotyping platforms was performed and an ancestry map of all patients was created. Pricincipal Component 2 (PC2), which separated black neuroblastoma patients and the YRI HapMap samples from all other ethnic groups, was used as a continuous variable for linear regressions with both event-free survival and risk group. Results: PC2 was correlated with event-free survival in patients with intermediate- and high-risk neuroblastoma (those patients that receive chemotherapy), showing that degree of African ancestry was associated poorer outcome (p = 0.047). Furthermore, linear regression of PC2 versus risk group classification showed that degree of African ancestry was associated with high-risk disease (p = 0.05). Discussion: Here we show that the component of genomic variation that co-segregates with African ancestry is associated with high-risk disease and a poorer event-free survival. We hypothesize that germline genetic variants associated with both high-risk neuroblastoma and event-free survival after chemotherapy will have different allelic frequencies in Caucasian and African populations and that patients of African ancestry may also harbor unique genetic variants associated with high-risk disease and event-free survival not found in Caucasian patients. Efforts to identify these genetic variants are underway. These results underscore the need to perform association studies from a variety of ancestries, as each group may yield novel associations. Reference: 1. Henderson, T. O., Bhatia, S., Pinto, N., London, W. B., McGrady, P., Crotty, C., Sun, C. L. & Cohn, S. L. Racial and ethnic disparities in risk and survival in children with neuroblastoma: a Children9s Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol, 2011, 29, 76–82. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011;20(10 Suppl):A46.
Phytic acid-metal complexes.

SummarySodium phytate corresponding to a formula of C6H6O24P6Na12 · 3H2O (formula weight 977.8) was titrated against metal ions and in each case an inflection in the titration curve was obtained when 5 moles of a divalent metal ion had been added per mole sodium phytate. At a pH of 7.4, sodium phytate formed complexes with metals in the following decreasing order: Cu++, Zn++, Ni++, Co++, Mn++ Fe+++, and Ca++.
Aerial Sprays Reduce Black Scale on Florida Citrus

Saissetia oleae (Bernard) was reduced significantly on Florida citrus with aerial treatments timed to coincide with occurrence of the maximum number of scale crawlers on peripheral foliage of the tree canopy. Azinphosmethyl and methidathion at 2.5 lb AI/acre provided excellent reduction while 2.5 lb AI of either parathion or Cidial® (ethyl mercaptophenylacetate S ester with O, O -demethyl phosphorodithioate) and 1.25 lb AI of methidathion were less effective. In 1 test, azinphosmethyl and the high rate of methidathion permitted increase in populations of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor). In another test, azinphosmethyl and the low rate of methidathion depressed activity of Scutellista cyanea Motschulsky, a predator of black scale eggs. Neither parathion nor Cidial influenced citrus red mite or S. cyanea , respectively.
RECEPTIVITY OF MACH 6 FLOW OVER A FLARED CONE TO FREESTREAM DISTURBANCE

This paper presents a numerical simulation study of the receptivity to weak freestream acoustic waves for a Mach 5.941 axisymmetric flow over a flared cone with a 5' half-angle. The flow conditions and geometry are the same as those of the hypersonic boundary layer stability experiments carried out in NASA Lan ley Hypersonic Quiet Tunnel by Lachowicz et al. &? and transition experiments by Horvath et al. [51. In hypersonic boundary-layer flow over a blunt cone, the process of receptivity to freestream disturbances is altered considerably by the presence of the bow shock followed by an entropy layer. It is crucially important that the interaction of disturbance waves with the bow shock is accurately computed in numerical simulations. In the present study, both steady and unsteady flow solutions are obtained by computing the full Navier-Stokes equations with a fifth-order shock-fitting finite difference scheme, which is able to account for the effects of bow-shock/freestream-disturbance interaction accurately. Whenever possible, the current numerical results are compared with published experimental results. In addition, a normal-mode linear stability analysis is used to study the receptivity properties of the hypersonic boundary layer with the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and surface curvature. The focus of the study is on the generation of the second Mack modes in the boundary layer due to freestream acoustic disturbances, and the effects of surface curvatures of the flared cone on the receptivity process.
Surveillance and the Inversion of Democratic Transparency

The traditional structure of a democracy includes people that have the right to live largely private lives and a government that has few secrets because it is empowered by the people to act in their name. The workings of a democratic government should be transparent to its constituents. This Chapter discusses how national security-related surveillance and the secrecy with which it is conducted invert the democratic structure of transparency in ways that corrode the polity. While secret law is anathema to a liberal democracy and is well-established in the United States, transparency with regard to national security surveillance programs has been and will continue to be a challenge post-9/11.
The Underlying Logic of Liberal Property Theory

Theories of property are concerned with the question, what entitles a person or other unit to property-objects? And to what does property, that is, the right, entitle him or her? The right of property could conceivably come in different forms: a right to highly unequal amounts of value (income and wealth), a right to relatively equal amounts of value, or a right to strictly equal amounts. It could, further, be a composite: a right to an equalized portion of one part of total social income and a right to unequal amounts of the rest of total income. Which form is rightful? One can begin by examining liberal theories, the dominant approach to property in the West, and searching for their patterns of response to these questions. Liberal theories of property include the theories of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Bentham, Austin, Hegel, Pound, Felix Cohen, the New Economic Analysis of Law, Keynes, Nozick, and Rawls, among others. Scholarly opinion divides on whether liberal theory tends to support a right to highly unequal amounts of property. Some scholars hold that significant representatives of liberal theory do not support it. In my view, most of the important liberal theories may be considered inegalitarian in the sense that they posit a right to highly unequal amounts of income and wealth or subsume such a right under a broad concept of exclusive individual dominion. There are commentators who acknowledge this but nevertheless maintain that liberal theories are still egalitarian because they reach these unequal outcomes through arguments that treat people equally every step of the way.
Learning Conservation and Sustainable Development: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Conservation aud sustainable development (CSD) represent one of the most important new ways of thinking in natural resource management and policy. Cornell University has developed an iuterdiscipli nary graduate minor to include this approach in its curriculum. The concept of CSD involves working toward environmental, social, and economic goals simultaneously. Although sustainability is sometimes criticized as a vague concept, CSD can be operationaliz ed by developing indicators for different goals through collaborative processes, and seeking positive sum solutions that, while not fully solving problems of sustainability, make concrete advances across these indicators. The graduate minor at Cornell University provides students with CSD concepts and skills through: (i) a core course, “Critical Issues in Conservation and Sustainable Development,” which emphasizes the conceptual underpinnings of CSD and experience working in interdisciplinary groups to apply these concepts to case studies; (ii) a “Field Practicum in Conservation and Sustainable Development,” which provides an interdisciplinary, team problem-solving experience in Latin America; and (iii) elective courses that provide students with interdisciplinary breadth, rather than the depth fostered by traditional minors. Students have found that the CSD minor helps them situate their research in the context of practical environmental management and policy problems, and provides them with skills to mauage complex relationships with practitioners and local communities
Boron isotopic discrimination for subduction-related serpentinites

The Guatemala Suture Zone (GSZ), Guatemala, is a region that contains two distinct suture-related serpentinite melanges straddling the Motagua fault and an ophiolitic complex paired with the northern melange. The serpentinite matrix of the melanges formed by subduction-fluid hydration of peridotite from the deep mantle wedge. The occurrence of serpentinite from both exhumed subduction channel melange and ophiolite is not uncommon in paleo–suture zones, but distinguishing them and their tectonic origin can be difficult. A new method of discrimination, based on boron isotopes in serpentine from both melanges and ophiolite, as well as on mica and pyroxene from the metamorphic and vein-rock blocks embedded within the melanges, has been developed. The metamorphic and vein samples have mainly negative δ 11 B, ranging from –15.3‰ to +4.3‰, in the same range as the serpentine from the melanges (–14.4‰ to +9.7‰). In addition to being the most negative δ 11 B values ever measured in serpentinite, comparable values from vein minerals indicate that the same fluid serpentinized the overlying mantle. In contrast, serpentine samples from the ophiolite have positive δ 11 B, in the range 0‰ to +18.0‰, consistent with hydration by seawater-derived fluids. As the GSZ displays two melanges whose serpentinite originated from two different deep subductions and mantle hydration, we hypothesize that the negative signature of exhumed melange serpentine is the norm and that the B isotopic signature can be a useful tool to discriminate the tectonic origin of serpentinization in paleo–suture zones.
Recent progress in the development of 6 cm × 6 cm micro-channel plate based photodetectors at Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is currently developing 6 cm × 6 cm, all-glass body, sealed photodetectors based on Microchannel Plates (MCPs) functionalized by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). A Small Single Tube Processing System (SmSTPS) was constructed for fabricating the photodetectors. A number of first version devices were successfully produced and have shown satisfactory performances. Recently, a new version of these devices based on an Independently Biased Design (IBD) was developed. This design allows for individually controlling the voltage of each stack component to optimize the performance. So far, six IBD devices have been produced and characterized. We have measured 14% Quantum efficiency, 107 gain and 35 ps overall time resolution including the laser jitter. In this paper, we present the status of the tube production, the photodetector design and the testing results.
Impaired respiration elicits SrrAB-dependent programmed cell lysis and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Biofilms are communities of microorganisms attached to a surface or each other. Biofilm-associated cells are the etiologic agents of recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infections. Infected human tissues are hypoxic or anoxic. S. aureus increases biofilm formation in response to hypoxia, but how this occurs is unknown. In the current study we report that oxygen influences biofilm formation in its capacity as a terminal electron acceptor for cellular respiration. Genetic, physiological, or chemical inhibition of respiratory processes elicited increased biofilm formation. Impaired respiration led to increased cell lysis via divergent regulation of two processes: increased expression of the AtlA murein hydrolase and decreased expression of wall-teichoic acids. The AltA-dependent release of cytosolic DNA contributed to increased biofilm formation. Further, cell lysis and biofilm formation were governed by the SrrAB two-component regulatory system. Data presented support a model wherein SrrAB-dependent biofilm formation occurs in response to the accumulation of reduced menaquinone.
Autodiseño, o narcisismo productivo

espanolLa masificacion de las redes sociales ha estrechado la separacion entre el disenador y su producto, al punto en que hoy en dia lo que mas se disena es la propia imagen publica. Asi, cada persona se transforma en su propio referente, promocionandose ante los demas de forma narcisista - autorreferente - para alcanzar aquella aprobacion tan esquiva en una epoca caracterizada no solo por el avance tecnologico, sino tambien por una evidente crisis de valores y juicios EnglishThe spread of social networks has narrowed the gap between the designer and his product, to a point that, today, the public image of the self is what is most designed. Hence, each person becomes his/her own model, promoting him/herself to others in a narcissistic, self-referential way to reach approval, something elusive in an era characterized not only by technological advancement, but also by an evident crisis of judgment and values.
Heart-Shaped Bilateral Medullary Pyramidal Infarction as a Pathognomonic Finding of Anterior Spinal Artery Occlusion.

Unilateral anterior spinal artery (ASA) occlusion resulting in bilateral medullary pyramidal (BMP) infarction is a rare and devastating stroke subtype. We present two cases highlighting the diagnostic and clinical challenges of BMP infarction. Case reports and literature review. A 57-year-old man rapidly had severe vomiting and diarrhea 2 h after a meal. Examination revealed bulbar weakness and areflexic tetraplegia. Respiratory failure developed, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a heart-shaped region of diffusion abnormality, characteristic of BMP infarction. Cerebral angiography showed an occluded left vertebral artery with unilateral left-sided origin of ASA. The patient required tracheostomy and percutaneous gastrostomy tube and was discharged to rehabilitation, with little improvement of his tetraplegia at 3-month follow-up. A 43-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with acute onset of lower-extremity paresthesia and history of upper respiratory infection 2 weeks prior. Initial examination findings included bulbar weakness, dysphagia, hyporeflexia, and generalized weakness. After admission, she had severe respiratory distress and required intubation. Lumbar puncture was evaluated for Guillain–Barre syndrome, but cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration was normal. Changes on diffusion-weighted MRI of the brain showed the characteristic heart-shaped BMP infarction, indicating occlusion of a unilateral ASA. She required tracheostomy and percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement, with no paralysis resolution. Acute BMP infarction may present with flaccid tetraplegia mimicking neuromuscular disorders. When the infarction is recognized early, intravenous thrombolysis can be considered to reduce morbidity of this rare stroke subtype.
Benefit-risk trade-off was found for stent vs balloon coronary angioplasty

Source Citation Fischman DL, Leon MB, Baim DS, et al. A randomized comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug...
Sustainable seismic retrofitting of a RC building using performance based design approach

In the past twenty years, sustainable development has become a challenging subject across many scientific fields. With the built environment as the major component of societies, sustainable constru...
Antihistamines (H1 Receptor Antagonists)

Abstract The side effects of drugs annuals form a series of volumes in which the adverse effects of drugs and adverse reactions to them are surveyed. The series supplements the contents of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. This review of the January 2015–January 2016 publications on antihistamines (H1 receptor inverse agonists) covers bilastine, cetirizine, chlorphenamine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, ebastine hydroxyzine, ketotifen, levocetirizine, oxatomide, promethazine and rupatadine.
Singular Value Decomposition Method to Determine Distance Distributions in Pulsed Dipolar Electron Spin Resonance

Regularization is often utilized to elicit the desired physical results from experimental data. The recent development of a denoising procedure yielding about 2 orders of magnitude in improvement in SNR obviates the need for regularization, which achieves a compromise between canceling effects of noise and obtaining an estimate of the desired physical results. We show how singular value decomposition (SVD) can be employed directly on the denoised data, using pulse dipolar electron spin resonance experiments as an example. Such experiments are useful in measuring distances and their distributions, P(r) between spin labels on proteins. In noise-free model cases exact results are obtained, but even a small amount of noise (e.g., SNR = 850 after denoising) corrupts the solution. We develop criteria that precisely determine an optimum approximate solution, which can readily be automated. This method is applicable to any signal that is currently processed with regularization of its SVD analysis.
Accurate understanding of infertility risk among families of adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer.

OBJECTIVE To examine patient and parent understanding of infertility risk (relative to oncologists' risk ratings) among adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer, and to identify background factors related to inaccurate reporting/estimating. METHODS Male patients (N = 137; aged 13-21) and their parents completed self-report questionnaires. Those who reported a fertility-related conversation with their provider (N = 102 adolescents, N = 74 parents) reported their infertility risk (ie, what oncologist had communicated) and all participants' estimated risk (ie, personal belief). Reports/estimates were compared with oncologists' ratings to assess relative accuracy, and regression analyses assessed potentially related background factors. RESULTS Participants' agreement of their risk reports with the oncologist was poor (κ = .079/.122 for adolescents/parents), resulting in most adolescents (59.8%) and parents (58.7%) inaccurately reporting risk. Older adolescents were less likely to overreport risk (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97) and parents of sons with the highest Tanner stage were less likely to underreport (OR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.92). Risk estimates were also in poor agreement with oncologists' ratings among adolescents (κ = .040) and parents (κ = .088). Accordingly, incongruent estimates occurred in most adolescents (63.7%) and parents (62.2%), although all reported fertility-related conversations with their providers. CONCLUSIONS Most adolescents and parents inaccurately reported infertility risk, and more poorly estimated risk. Research is needed to identify additional factors associated with accurate understanding of cancer-related infertility risk. Providers should be supported with user-friendly educational tools to promote awareness of infertility risk.
Mild subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with paediatric dyslipidaemia.

BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus on the cardiometabolic consequences of mild subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) among children. The objective of the current study was to compare lipid profiles in children with mild SCH with those of euthyroid children. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. PATIENTS Children (ages 2-18 years) who had undergone simultaneous measurement of TSH, free thyroxine (T4) and lipids. Lipids in children with mild SCH (TSH 5-<10 mIU/L and normal free T4, n = 228) were compared with those in euthyroid children (n = 1215). RESULTS TSH level was positively associated with total cholesterol and nonhigh density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol [β 0.05(0.03-0.08), P < .0001 and β 0.05(0.03-0.08), P < .0001, respectively]. Total cholesterol was significantly higher in children and adolescents with mild SCH compared with euthyroid children (4.43 ± 1.14 mmol/L vs 4.2 ± 0.85 mmol/L, P = .0005). Similarly, non-HDL cholesterol level was also higher in children with mild SCH relative to euthyroid children (3.08 ± 1.14 mmol/L vs 2.91 ± 0.8 mmol/L, P = .001). The adjusted odds ratio of having elevated total cholesterol and elevated non-HDL cholesterol was greater in children with mild SCH compared with euthyroid children (OR 1.88, 95% CI; 1.28-2.73; P = .001 and 1.72, 95% CI 1.2-2.5; P = .003, respectively). The presence of thyroid autoimmunity was not associated with higher rates of dyslipidaemia. CONCLUSIONS Mild SCH in children and adolescents was associated with higher rates of elevated total cholesterol and elevated non-HDL cholesterol. Randomized placebo controlled studies are warranted to determine if treatment of mild SCH in children leads to improvement in lipid profile.
The NASA program for optical deep—space communications at JPL

As deep-space missions to the planets and other heavenly bodies acquire larger amounts of more sophisticated data, the demand for greater data return link communications capacity continues to increase. Past and current missions have stretched the capabilities of radio frequency systems close to their fundamental limits. For these reasons, NASA has been supporting the development of technologies and systems designs that will allow future missions to use optical beams for communications. Such systems will permit dramatic increases in return link capacity with substantially smaller and less massive communications subsystems on board the spacecraft. The history and past accomplishments of the JPL deep-space optical communications program will be described, along with the plans for the future development, demonstration, and eventual deployment of this important technology.
Agglomeration, Entry and the Liability of Foreignness

Foreign entrants suffer from a liability of foreignness, influencing their location choices and leading them to prefer clusters with other firms. However, prior research only examines foreign entra...
How do we know whether the glass is half full? Reflections on equity, hope, and cycles of violence

How should we define equity and justice when it comes to communities and countries with historical, political, and economic trajectories different than ours? In the article “Rethinking equity: standpoints emerging from a community project with victims of violence and abuse in Argentina,” Castano Rodriguez, Barraza, and Martin argue that it is crucial to define and implement situated views of equity and justice, especially ones that build on Freire’s Pedagogy of Hope. Leveraging feminist standpoint theory, Castano Rodriguez and her colleagues described how a sanctuary for non-human animals in rural Argentina tried to support the socioemotional growth of a group of youths who faced domestic violence. The analyses led the authors to propose a “glass half-full” definition of equity that recognizes and builds on the resources, resilience, and positive outlook on difficult situations of the oppressed. On first approach, I agreed with Castano Rodriguez, Barraza, and Martin’s call for the need to remain vigilant about how we define equity and operationalize it when working with historically marginalized communities. However, as I detail in this forum piece, my endorsement of the authors’ “glass half-full” situated vision of equity was undermined by tensions I experienced related to: (1) the article’s theoretical underpinnings; (2) its methodological approaches, particularly inhabiting a kind of “view from nowhere”; and (3) (unintended) implications of their conclusions about hope in the face of cycles of violence. While the work calls our attention to key ideas and methods, such as situated definitions of equity and the role of feminist standpoint theory, I conclude the authors’ “glass half-full” definition of equity sidestepped the structures that undergirded the violence youths and their community experienced and, therefore, did not realize its full potential.
Association of Time Between Left Ventricular and Aortic Systolic Pressure Peaks With Severity of Aortic Stenosis and Calcification of Aortic Valve.

Importance Diagnosis of low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS) is challenging. We hypothesized that the time between left ventricular (LV) and aortic systolic pressure peaks (TLV-Ao) is associated with aortic stenosis (AS) severity and may have additive value in diagnosing severe AS, especially in patients with low-gradient AS. Objective To investigate the diagnostic utility of measuring catheter-based TLV-Aoin patients with severe AS. Design, Setting, and Participants We studied 123 patients with severe AS at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, a tertiary referral center, who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) via femoral access and had pre-TAVR cardiac computed tomography assessment and hemodynamic measurements recorded during a TAVR procedure. All patients received hemodynamic evaluation, echocardiographic assessment, and quantification of aortic valve calcification (AVC) by multidetector computed tomography. Hemodynamic data were collected via left heart catheterization done just before TAVR, and TLV-Aowas calculated offline. Data were analyzed between October 5, 2015, and July 20, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures The association between TLV-Aoand AVC or other conventional imaging parameters was analyzed. Results Of the included patients, the mean (SD) age was 81 (9) years, and 65 (54%) were men (54%). Among 123 patients, 48 patients (39%) had low-gradient AS ( 1000 AU). Adding TLV-Aoto the peak AV velocity and AV area showed significant incremental value to be associated with AVC, with a net reclassification improvement of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.23-0.99;P= .002) and integrated discriminatory improvement of 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03-0.16;P = .003). In a subgroup of patients with low-grade AS, higher TLV-Aowas the only parameter associated with severe AVC (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.001-1.04;P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance Prolonged TLV-Aowas associated with severe AVC. This catheter-based hemodynamic index may be an additional surrogate to differentiate low-gradient true severe AS. Larger, prospective studies investigating the role of TLV-Aoas a marker of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR are required.
Teachers as Critical Thinkers

I’m not sure that I agree with the title of this book; I’m not sure, that is, that “we have saved the best for you.” It seems to me, rather, that we have made a mess of things—some of us by actively pressing anti-educational “reforms,” others of us by not fighting the reform movement hard enough.
KETERKAITAN ANTARA PERIZINAN PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT PT. PERMATA HIJAU SAWIT DENGAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH DALAM UPAYA MENCEGAH TERJADINYA PENCEMARAN DAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

Pasal 67 UUPPLH, bahwa setiap orang berkewajiban memelihara kelestarian fungsi lingkungan hidup serta mengendalikan pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Dalam praktiknya terdapat banyak perusahaan-perusahaan yang melakukan aktivitasnya menghasilkan limbah dan salah satunya adalah limbah B3. Dari hasil penelitian Badan Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2011 dan 2012 terdapat banyak perusahaan yang menghasilkan limbah B3 di Provinsi Sumatera Utara antara lain adalah rumah sakit, perusahaan industri kimia dan pabrik kelapa sawit. Oleh karena itu penulis ingin mengkaji ketentuan yang berhubungan dengan perizinan terhadap pabrik kelapa sawit. Dalam upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang disebabkan oleh limbah B3, maka kepada perusahaanperusahaan tersebut diwajibkan untuk memperoleh izin lingkungan. Sebagaimana dalam Pasal 1 butir 35 UUPPLH, izin lingkungan adalah izin yang diberikan kepada setiap orang yang melakukan usaha dan/atau kegiatan yang wajib amdal atau UKLUPL dalam rangka perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup sebagai prasyarat untuk memperoleh izin usaha dan/atau kegiatan. Sebagai salah satu persyaratan yang wajib dilakukan oleh perusahaan adalah izin lingkungan. Terutama dalam setiap kegiatan yang akan dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang berhubungan dengan pengelolaan limbah dimana terdapat 5 (lima) kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi oleh perusahaan yang terwujud dalam bentuk perizinan yaitu perizinan penyimpanan, perizinan pengumpulan, perizinan pengangkutan, perizinan pemanfaatan, dan perizinan pengolahan limbah B3. Namun dalam praktik dan penerapan telah menimbulkan permasalahan. PT. Permata Hijau Sawit yang bergerak dalam bidang industri pengelolaan kelapa sawit yang beralokasi di Jalan Lintas Sibuhuan-Sosa, Desa Mananti, Kecamatan Hutaraja Tinggi, Kabupaten Padang Lawas Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Dan kemudian PT. Permata Hijau Sawit ini berkantor di Jl. Sultan Iskandar Muda No. 107 Medan 20154 Indonesia yang telah melakukan usahanya sejak tahun 2008 dan telah melakukan penyusunan dokumen UKL dan UPL ini sesuai dengan format Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. 86/2002 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Upaya Pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup.
Effect of Tensile Stresses on the Evolution of Post-Compaction Properties of Sodium Chloride Tablets and Its Mixtures.

Abstract This study focuses on the effect of moisture on the strength of tablets of sodium chloride (NaCl) and its mixtures after compaction. We built on our prior work that proposed an explanation of the strengthening of NaCl tablets due to a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism and the decrease in strength of NaCl-starch tablets due to the presence of residual stresses on NaCl-NaCl contacts in the mixture. Here, we offer experimental evidence that induced tensile stresses on NaCl slow down or negate (if large enough) the strengthening mechanism. Based on the idea of the negative role of tensile residual stresses in NaCl mixtures, we prove experimentally that NaCl-X mixtures can be optimized in terms of post-compaction strength, if the elastic properties of the second component in the mixture match that of NaCl.
Magnetically Actuated Tunable Soft Electronics

Variable electronics are vital in tunable filters, transmitters, and receivers, among other applications. In addition, the ability to remotely tune soft capacitors, resistors, and inductors is impo...
Interactions of Zinc with Other Micronutrients

During the past two decades, it has become clear that the addition of a trace element to the animal diet alters the metabolism of other elements. In some instances the interaction between the added element and the responding element is complementary. For example, the dietary level of iron needed to maintain a given concentration of hemoglobin is dependent on the dietary copper level (Hill and Matrone, 1961). A majority of other interactions, however, are of antagonistic nature. For example, high levels of zinc added to diets are known to precipitate copper deficiency in animals and humans (Hill and Matrone, 1970; Prasad et al., 1978a). Several years ago, Hill and Matrone (1961) proposed that those elements whose electronic structure of the valence shell of the ions was the same, would act antagonistically to each other in biological systems (Hill, 1976).
Osmotic sensitivity of taurine release from hippocampal neuronal and glial cells.

Taurine transport is important for volume regulation ofcultured neurons and astroglial cells. Both cell types utilize similar mechanisms for taurine accumulation and efflux. However, taurine lost from cerebellar Purkinje cells in vivo is accumulated by adjacent astrocytes during hypoosmotic hyponatremia. To examine mechanisms for transfer of taurine between cell types, we measured relative sensitivities of taurine loss from cultured neurons and astrocytes. Primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and astrocytes were grown from embryonic and neonatal rat brain, respectively.Neurons were used after 10–14 days in culture. Astrocytes were used after 14 days in culture and were grown in the same culture medium used for neurons for 3 days prior toexperimentation. Cells were incubated at 37∘C for 30 min in isoosmotic (290 mOsm) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The PBS was then changed to fresh isoosmotic or to hypoosmotic PBS (270 mOsm or 250 mOsm), made by reducing the NaCl concentration. Cell volume and taurine content were determined immediately before hypoosmotic exposure or 3, 15, or 30 min later. In isoosmotic PBS, astrocytes contained 162 ± 18 nmol taurine/mg protein (mean ± SEM), equivalent to an intracellular concentration of 30.2 ± 2.1 mM. No taurine loss was detectable after 3 or 15 min in either hypoosmotic PBS, but after 30 min in 270 or 250 mOsm PBS, astrocyte taurine was reduced by 8.0% or 22.2%, respectively. Neurons initially contained 114 ± 13 nmol taurine/mg protein, equivalent to an intracellular taurine concentration of 22.2 ± 2.5 mM. After 3 min of exposure to 270 or 250 mOsm PBS, the cells had lost 17 ±% or 25 ±% of their taurine content,respectively. Cell volumes of each cell type were similarly affected by hypoosmotic exposure. We conclude that taurine loss from cultured hippocampal neurons is more sensitive to osmotic swelling than taurine loss from cultured hippocampal astrocytes. This characteristic, if present in cells ofthe hippocampus in vivo, could lead to net transfer oftaurine from neurons to glial cells during pathological conditions which cause cell swelling.
Toward spatially resolved metabolomics.

Coherent Raman imaging enables mapping of chemical features at subcellular resolution, setting the stage for tracking lipids and other metabolites in intact living systems.
On the Sensitivity of the GOES Flare Classification to Properties of the Electron Beam in the Thick-target Model

The collisional thick-target model, wherein a large number of electrons are accelerated down a flaring loop, can be used to explain many observed properties of solar flares. In this study, we focus on the sensitivity of (GOES) flare classification to the properties of the thick-target model. Using a hydrodynamic model with RHESSI-derived electron beam parameters, we explore the effects of the beam energy flux (or total non-thermal energy), the cut-off energy, and the spectral index of the electron distribution on the soft X-rays observed by GOES. We conclude that (1) the GOES class is proportional to the non-thermal energy E ? for ? 1.7 in the low-energy passband (1-8 ?) and 1.6 in the high-energy passband (0.5-4 ?); (2) the GOES class is only weakly dependent on the spectral index in both passbands; (3) increases in the cut-off will increase the flux in the 0.5-4 ? passband but decrease the flux in the 1-8 ? passband, while decreases in the cut-off will cause a decrease in the 0.5-4 ? passband and a slight increase in the 1-8 ? passband.
Author Correction: NELL-1 in the treatment of osteoporotic bone loss.

A Correction to this paper has been published: http://doi-org-443.webvpn.bjmu.tsg211.com/10.1038/s41467-021-20933-x .
We want to do more than survive: abolitionist teaching and the pursuit of educational freedom

This book review of Bettina Love’s We Want to Do More Than Survive: Abolitionist Teaching and the Pursuit of Educational Freedom (2019) begins with an overview of each chapter followed by sections ...
The Information Content of Corporate Websites

In 2008, the SEC published guidance allowing firms to use corporate websites as an alternative disclosure channel to EDGAR. While the information content and market reaction to traditional disclosure channels such as EDGAR filings and press releases are well-documented, evidence on corporate websites as a disclosure channel is scarce. In this paper, we take the first step toward shedding light on corporate websites as an important source of information to investors. Employing standard event study methods, we develop a novel measure of corporate website content and find that increases in website content provide significant value-relevant information to investors incremental to that contained in traditional disclosure channels. In addition, we find a negative relation between website content and information asymmetry, and that this negative relation is most pronounced after the SEC’s 2008 guidance. Comparing the content of websites to EDGAR, we find that websites contain more content related to business operations and that the market reaction to such information is heighten. Collectively, our findings indicate that corporate websites are an economically significant source of new information that supplements traditional disclosure channels considered in prior literature.
Does minimally invasive spine surgery improve outcomes in the obese population? A retrospective review of 1442 degenerative lumbar spine surgeries.

OBJECTIVE The effect of obesity on outcomes in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches to posterior lumbar surgery is not well characterized. The authors aimed to determine if there was a difference in operative variables and complication rates in obese patients who underwent MIS versus open approaches in posterior spinal surgery, as well as between obese and nonobese patients undergoing MIS approaches. METHODS A retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent posterior lumbar surgery from 2013 to 2016 at a single institution was performed. The primary outcome measure was postoperative complications. Secondary outcome measures included estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, the need for revision, and hospital length of stay (LOS); readmission and disposition were also reviewed. Obese patients who underwent MIS were compared with those who underwent an open approach. Additionally, obese patients who underwent an MIS approach were compared with nonobese patients. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out between the groups. RESULTS In total, 423 obese patients (57.0% decompression and 43.0% fusion) underwent posterior lumbar MIS. When compared with 229 obese patients (56.8% decompression and 43.2% fusion) who underwent an open approach, patients in both the obese and nonobese groups who underwent MIS experienced significantly decreased EBL, LOS, operative time, and surgical site infections (SSIs). Of the nonobese patients, 538 (58.4% decompression and 41.6% fusion) underwent MIS procedures. When compared with nonobese patients, obese patients who underwent MIS procedures had significantly increased LOS, EBL, operative time, revision rates, complications, and readmissions in the decompression group. In the fusion group, only LOS and disposition were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Obese patients have poorer outcomes after posterior lumbar MIS when compared with nonobese patients. The use of an MIS technique can be of benefit, as it decreased EBL, operative time, LOS, and SSIs for posterior decompression with or without instrumented fusion in obese patients.
Light-to-heat dissipation in nanoscale structures: from ultrafast optical modulation to steam generation

Nanostructures store energy differently upon interaction with radiation, depending on the considered time scale, system size, and interacting components. Properly designed nanostructured surfaces confine electromagnetic energy, making it available as high energy electrons and confined fields, far-field scattering, heat or thermal radiation. This talk will show how the spatially inhomogeneous electromagnetic absorption in metallic nanostructures leads to a space-dependent out-of-equilibrium hot carrier population, whose < 1 ps thermalization can be exploited for ultrafast all-optical polarization modulation. Eventually, heat is generated through a slower electron-phonon scattering process. I will show how ultrathin (~250nm) plasmonic metasurfaces can absorb ~90% of the solar spectrum, leading to ~GW/m3 of dissipated power exploited, for example, for steam generation, relevant for sterilization or water desalination applications.
Truth, Justice, and Sexual Violence: A Comparative Analysis of Op-Eds Surrounding the Hill-Thomas and Ford-Kavanaugh Hearings

Using discourse analysis to examine newspaper Op-Eds during the Hill-Thomas and Ford-Kavanaugh hearings, this study explores how media can function as an arbiter of public opinion during controvers...
Fatigue load spectra for a steel girder bridge

The objective is to present an approach for the evaluation of fatigue performance. The proposed method is a combination analytical and experimental approach. The steps include identification of critical components and details, determination of the load distribution factors and stress range, instrumentation of the bridge, measurement of strains under a control vehicle to calibrate the equipment and determine the load distribution factors, measurement of strain under normal traffic, verification of load distribution factors, verification of load range, and evaluation of fatigue performance. Critical components and details are identified on the basis of analysis and past experience. The analysis provides theoretical values of load distribution factors and stress ranges. Measurement results provide a basis for verification of the analytical values. The number of load cycles is determined from the stress record under normal traffic. For a given number of load cycles, the effective stress range is calculated and compared with the critical level. Then the remaining fatigue life is estimated as a percent of the remaining number of cycles to failure. This serves as a basis for the evaluation of fatigue performance. The proposed approach is applied to an existing steel girder bridge. The superstructure consists of four plate girders and transverse floor beams. The bridge is instrumented, and the results of measurements are presented and discussed. For the considered components and details, the measured stress range and estimated number of load cycles are not critical. Some minor cracking may be expected, but in general the bridge may be considered as adequate with regard to fatigue.
The Moral Rhetoric of Political Economy: Justice and Modern Economic Thought

Introduction 1. Moral Rhetoric and Political Economy 2. Sympathy and Justice in Theory Of Moral Sentiments 3. Sympathy and Moral Horizons in Wealth of Nations 4. The Subordination of Distributive Justice in Milton Friedman's Capitalism and Freedom 5. The Materialization of Distributive Justice 6. Recognition and the Relational Demands of Distributive Justice 7. Recognition and the Problem of Solidarity
Pandora: Royalties Kill the Web Radio Star? (A)

Supplement the (A) case. Joe Kennedy, president and CEO of Pandora, one of the largest and most popular web (internet) radio broadcasters, had just received bad news. The Copyright Royalty Board (CRB) had announced its decision to increase the royalties required to be paid by the web radio industry by 2.5 times over the next five years, effectively pushing profitability for Pandora out of sight. Pandora was a "webcaster" that was based on the Music Genome Project, which codified various attributes of a song (making "music DNA"). Using this technology, Pandora could provide a selection of songs with similar "music DNA" to the user's initial choice. Pandora, however, along with other webcasters, was subject to a special statutory scheme regarding royalties, which were higher than the royalties for satellite radio and from which AM/FM radios were totally exempt. This case examines issues of copyright, the economics of new media, and the specialized laws established to regulate a new subset of an existing industry.
Ubiquity symposium 'What is computation?': Editor's Introduction

Most people understand a computation as a process evoked when a computational agent acts on its inputs under the control of an algorithm. The classical Turing machine model has long served as the f...
Dietary Supplements During Pregnancy: Need, Efficacy and Safety

National surveys indicate that as many as 97% of women living in the United States are advised by their health care providers to take multivitamin, multimineral (MVMM) supplements during pregnancy, and 7–36% of pregnant women use botanical supplements during this time. Although there is evidence of benefit from some of these preparations, efficacy has not been established for most of them. This chapter reviews some of the most commonly used prenatal supplements in terms of the evidence for their need, efficacy, and safety. Specifically, MVMM, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin A, vitamin D, iron, zinc, magnesium, and iodine are discussed, as are several botanicals. Data indicate that, in general, evidence for benefit gained from taking prenatal MVMM supplements is not well established except for women who smoke, abuse alcohol or drugs, are anemic, or have poor quality diets. Because of folate’s well-established effect on decreasing risk for neural tube defects, it is recommended that all women of childbearing age consume supplemental folic acid daily (0.4mg/day) or obtain that amount from fortified foods. Similarly, it is recommended that all pregnant women be provided with iron supplementation (30–60 mg/day), and a recent policy statement by the American Thyroid Association suggests that all pregnant women living in the United States or Canada consume 150 mcg/day supplemental iodine to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to advise population-wide use of other dietary supplements, although zinc may be warranted for women consuming a vegan diet. Use of all botanical products should be carefully monitored and evaluated during pregnancy, especially those (e.g., chamomile and blue cohosh) that are contraindicated during this time. Clinicians are advised to periodically review current recommendations concerning these products, as research in this area is ongoing.