cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network based identification system for abnormal vibration of motor rotating disc system

This paper reports an early work of machinery fault detection system module development. The system is developed and employed on a mechanical platform having a series of 3 aluminum rotating discs with unbalanced rotating mass to simulate an abnormal condition of a real machinery. This detection system is intended to have a capability of either to give an early warning due to an abnormality of the machine vibration or to localize the position of such abnormality among the discs. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method is used to determine and to localize the abnormality by utilizing the vibration data. The method utilizes 3 features of time domain and 2 feature frequency domain signal characteristics. After the ANN was trained, this detection system was able to identify the plant condition of 90% accuracy.
The O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Modifies HOXA9 and Inhibits HOXA9-Driven Immortalization

The homeodomain-containing transcription factor HOXA9 is a core element of the HOXA9 enhanceosome, a critical DNA-protein complex that regulates hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal during hematopoiesis. Several genetic mutations observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, including MLL translocations, are associated with aberrant up regulation of HOXA9 , thus disrupting the hematopoietic balance towards leukemogenesis. While analyses of HOXA9 and cofactors have uncovered fundamental aspects of the mechanisms through which these proteins mediate their functions, questions remain. For example, what molecular mechanisms contribute to switching HOXA9 enhanceosomes off during myeloid differentiation? Could these mechanisms be targeted for the therapeutic benefit of leukemia patients? Characterization of the molecular interactions in which HOXA9 enhanceosome proteins are involved should shed light on the mechanisms that govern these proteins during both normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. We recently discovered that HOXA9 interacts physically with OGT, the only O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine transferase in humans. We also demonstrated that HOXA9 is O-GlcNAcylated by OGT. Investigation of the functional relevance of this interaction to HOXA9-driven leukemogenesis is currently under way using interaction- and O-GlcNAcylation-deficient alleles of HOXA9 in a colony formation assay. Our preliminary results suggest that OGT inhibits HOXA9’s ability to transform primary bone marrow cells, thus suggesting OGT is a potential tumor suppressor of HOXA9-driven leukemogenesis. Current efforts focus on further dissecting the molecular interplay occurring between HOXA9 and OGT on chromatin, its impact on the regulation of HOXA9 targets and its role in HOXA9-driven leukemogenesis. Work is also under way to identify factors involved in the OGT-mediated regulation of HOXA9 enhanceosomes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Process–Structure Linkages

In this chapter, we extend the framework described in the previous chapter to explore process–structure (evolution) linkages. Once again, the linkages of interest are expressed at the higher length scale as well as the lower length scale. These novel data-driven approaches are illustrated using several case studies. As a special application, the development of a spectral database approach for speeding up crystal plasticity computations is also described.
Social Choices and Game Theory: Recent Results of a Topological Approach (Choix Sociaux Et Theorie Des Jeux: Resultats Recents D'Une Approche Topologique) (French)

Thanks to algebraic topology, we were able to obtain a series of results concerning social theory and game theory choices. This new approach allows for clarification of the theorems of impossibility in the domain of social theory choice as well as the discovery of new theorems. It also helps characterize topologically the series of individual preferences solving the Condorcet paradox. In game theory, we underline the links between the non-manipulability of certain games, their inequity, and their Nash balances. These results are applied to the Cournot and Stackleberg duopoly.
A Panel of Protease-Responsive RNA Polymerases Respond to Biochemical Signals by Production of Defined RNA Outputs in Live Cells

RNA is an attractive biomolecule for biosensing and engineering applications due to its information storage capacity and ability to drive gene expression or knockdown. However, methods to link chemical signals to the production of specific RNAs are lacking. Here, we develop protease-responsive RNA polymerases (PRs) as a strategy to encode multiple specific proteolytic events in defined sequences of RNA in live mammalian cells. This work demonstrates that RNAP-based molecular recording devices can be deployed for multimodal analyses of biochemical activities or to trigger gene circuits using measured signaling events.
Structure of the human sialophorin (CD43) gene. Identification of features atypical of genes encoding integral membrane proteins.

Abstract A human sialophorin (CD43) specific genomic clone was isolated, and a 6.5 kb fragment containing the 4.6 kb sialophorin gene was sequenced. The promoter region contains no TATA or CAAT boxes, but is highly enriched in G and C nucleotides and contains short repeat sequences similar to those found in the promoters of 'housekeeping' genes. S1-nuclease protection and primer-extension experiments established that the sialophorin gene has two major transcription initiation sites. There is a single intron of 378 bp that interrupts the sequence specifying the mRNA 5' untranslated region. The gene is therefore unusual in that the discrete extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular regions of the protein, including repeat sequences in the extracellular region, are not encoded by separate exons. Utilization of alternative polyadenylation signals was previously shown to generate two sialophorin mRNAs of 1.9 and 4.3 kb, which differ in the length of their 3' untranslated regions. Sequence analysis of the gene establishes that a single polyadenylation signal 2301 bp downstream of the first major transcription initiation site and five overlapping polyadenylation signals beginning a further 2290 bp downstream define the 3' termini of the 1.9 and 4.3 kb mRNA species respectively. The gene contains potential Z-DNA structures, Aly sequences, and elements that may be involved in regulating mRNA stability.
Myocardial Depressant Factor in Plasma from Cats in Irreversible Post-Oligemic Shock.∗

SummaryPlasma from cats in the early stage of irreversible post-oligemic shock depressed contractility of isolated cat papillary muscles. This depression was reversed completely by washing. Plasma from cats late in post-oligemic shock depressed developed tension to a greater degree, but this depression was only partly reversed by washing.
Studies on the Gonads of Some Immature Mosquitoes

Studies of the development of the gonads and time of spermatogenesis have been made on prepupae and pupae of the Aedes hendersoni complex, A. triseriatus (Say), A. zoosophus Dyar & Knab, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (= fatigans Wiedemann), Culiseta inornata (Williston), Haemagogus equinus Theobald, Orthopodomyia alba Baker, O. signifera (Coquillett), and Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (Dyar & Knab). The gonads usually occur in the 6th abdominal segments, but in some species also extend into the 5th or 7th segment. C. inornata and C. quinquefasciatus were the only species in which larvae could be sexed by seeing the testes through the body wall with a dissecting microscope. Upon dissection, testes and ovaries can be differentiated as development proceeds. Testes are characterized by being surrounded by fat bodies and by the presence of septa. Ovaries develop ovarioles and usually become invested with many tracheal branches. In C. inornata , testes develop more rapidly than ovaries, but in the other species, ovaries are usually longer than testes of comparable ages. C. inornata is the only species studied in which meiosis is routinely completed before pupation. In the other species, pupae would probably be most rewarding for studies of spermatogenesis, although an occasional male prepupa exhibits some meiotic figures.
On convergence of binomial means, and an application to finite Markov chains

For a sequence { a n } n ≥ 0 of real numbers, we define the sequence of its arithmetic means { a n * } n ≥ 0 as the sequence of averages of the first n elements of { a n } n ≥ 0 . For a parameter 0 < p < 1 , we define the sequence of p -binomial means { a n p } n ≥ 0 of the sequence { a n } n ≥ 0 as the sequence of p -binomially weighted averages of the first n elements of { a n } n ≥ 0 . We compare the convergence of sequences { a n } n ≥ 0 , { a n * } n ≥ 0 and { a n p } n ≥ 0 for various 0 < p < 1 , , we analyze when the convergence of one sequence implies the convergence of the other. While the sequence { a n * } n ≥ 0 , known also as the sequence of Cesaro means of a sequence, is well studied in the literature, the results about { a n p } n ≥ 0 are hard to find. Our main result shows that, if { a n } n ≥ 0 is a sequence of non-negative real numbers such that { a n p } n ≥ 0 converges to a ∈ R ∪ {∞} for some 0 < p < 1 , then { a n * } n ≥ 0 also converges to a . We give an application of this result to finite Markov chains.
Ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 modulates Kv1.3 current amplitude and ion channel protein targeting

Potassium ion (K) channels are the dampeners of excitation and a novel means of regulating this excitation is through interaction with protein partners that can control channel density at the membr...
A Nested Frailty Survival Approach for Analyzing Small Group Behavioral Observation Data

Patterns of behavior during social interaction have long been of interest to small group researchers. Within social interaction, the probability of an initial behavior meeting with a particular response (e.g., an angry comment meeting with an angry rejoinder) often depends, in part, on the duration of the initial behavior. This article presents a nested frailty approach that accounts for the duration of individual behavior and is well suited to the examination of small group data. While traditional sequential techniques disregard information about the duration of behaviors, survival methods are capable of modeling behavioral duration in sophisticated ways. Expanding on previously proposed survival methods for behavioral observation research, the nested frailty approach involves three levels of hierarchical clustering and is thus well suited to analyzing data from a variety of different social configurations. An example application explores the spreading of smiles within 160 groups of three in a laboratory...
Initial experimental test of a helicon plasma based mass filter

High throughput plasma mass separation requires rotation control in a high density multi-species plasmas. A preliminary mass separation device based on a helicon plasma operating in gas mixtures and featuring concentric biasable ring electrodes is introduced. Plasma profile shows strong response to electrode biasing. In light of floating potential measurements, the density response is interpreted as the consequence of a reshaping of the radial electric field in the plasma. This field can be made confining or de-confining depending on the imposed potential at the electrodes, in a way which is consistent with single particle orbit radial stability. In conclusion, concurrent spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements suggest ion separation, with heavy to light ion emission line ratio increasing with radius when a specific potential gradient is applied to the electrodes.
The status of iodine nutrition among adults in Shandong province

Objective To understand the status of iodine nutrition and its influence factors among adult residents in Shandong province for scientific strategies of prevention and control hypertension and iodine insufficiency. Methods 2 036 adults aged 18 to 69 yeas in 20 counties were selected with multiple stratified and clustered sampling to collect their 24 h urine at the level of households while dietary survey. The concentrations of urinary iodine of subjects were tested. Results The median of urinary iodine( UI) of population was 250. 33 μg / L and( 349. 02 ± 296. 39) μg / L in mean value; the proportion of urinary iodine level of below 100, 100 to 199, 200 to 299 and more than 300 μg / L was 8. 20%,28. 24%, 22. 64% and 40. 91%, respectively. A total of 8. 20% people s UI level was insufficient, 28. 24% adequate, 22. 64% more than adequate and 40. 60% excessive, equally. The median UI was 213. 66 μg / L in hills, 224. 15 μg / L in mountains and 375. 32 μg / L in plain, respectively. The proportion of UI below 100 μg / L was 12. 53% in hills, of over 300 μg / L was 58. 82% in plain. The median UI was 270. 58 μg / L in inland,204. 04 μg / L in coastal. The nutritious status of iodine was markedly excessive in inland, iodine insufficiency in coastal. The median UI was 221. 29 μg / L in urban and 266. 70 μg / L in rural area. The proportion of UI below 100 μg / L was 10. 65% in city and of over 300 μg / L was 44. 85% in countryside. The median UI was 265. 20 μg / L in male and 235. 13 μg / L in female. Conclusions The study indicated that iodine nutrition status of inhabitants in the whole province was more than adequate or excessive. The status had significant relationship with the landforms and topography, geographical position, urban and rural, and gender. The comprehensive strategies should be established against hypertension and IDD according to the characteristics. Evaluation is also important to avoid iodine nutritional deficiency during the intervention.
TU-D-BRC-00: The EPID Strikes Back

There has been increased deployment of gantry-mounted linacs with onboard kilovoltage x-ray imagers. Despite this trend, most clinics still employ beam's-eye-view (BEV) imaging using flat panel electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) as a highly useful means of verifying geometric localization pre- and post-delivery. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the use of EPIDs for a variety of clinical and investigational applications ranging from megavoltage cone-beam CT, in vivo dosimetry, patient-specific QA to real-time target localization for dynamic MLC-based tumor tracking. In conjunction, there are several innovative EPID designs currently under investigation that hold great promise in bringing novel imaging and image-guidance applications into clinical practice. This symposium is aimed at clinical and research-oriented medical physicists who want to learn more about current and future megavoltage imaging technology and applications. In this symposium, we will examine the (i) interesting applications that make use of current EPID technology such as volumetric 4D image-based models, real-time position estimation for dynamic MLC tracking, etc., (ii) clinical applications such as in vivo EPID dosimetry and (iii) innovative high-performance EPID designs and exciting future applications, including designs based on thick segmented scintillators, hybrid kV/MV imagers using segmented strip scintillators, and energy-resolving EPIDs based on multilayer imagers and poly-Silicon active matrix flat panel imagers. Learning Objectives – In this symposium, the attendees will learn 1.Novel applications using currently available EPIDs 2.Use of EPIDs to perform in vivo dosimetry 3.Novel designs using high-efficiency, energy resolving EPIDs and future applications of megavoltage imaging J. Rottmann, Varian Medical SystemsP. Greer, Research Grant Funding from Radiation Oncology Institute (Grant ROI2013-912), 2013–2014
Short periodicities in low-frequency plasma waves at Saturn

Short-period amplitude modulations (~60 min period) have been detected in the ~100 Hz plasma wave emissions observed by the Radio Plasma Wave Science instrument on the Cassini spacecraft in orbit around Saturn. These periodicities were detected throughout the mission from mid-2004 to the present, and this is the first statistical study of them. The modulations are observed throughout the magnetosphere and can last from ~2 h to ~20 h, although the duration may be biased by spacecraft observing conditions. The periodicities are statistically much more likely to be seen at high latitudes, both north and south, and at local times between dusk and midnight. When corrected for latitude and local time, the occurrence frequency has declined in time since 2005. Considering all observations, the mean period of these events is 65.3 ± 20.7 min, with a peak (modal value) at 63.3 min. The period has no dependence on local time or latitude. Alfven waves have interhemispheric transit times commensurate with the mean periods and should thus be considered principal candidates for their production.
Integrating gene expression with summary association statistics to identify susceptibility genes for 30 complex traits

Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified thousands of risk loci for many complex traits and diseases, the causal variants and genes at these loci remain largely unknown. We leverage recently introduced methods to integrate gene expression measurements from 45 expression panels with summary GWAS data to perform 30 transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs). We identify 1,196 susceptibility genes whose expression is associated with these traits; of these, 168 reside more than 0.5Mb away from any previously reported GWAS significant variant, thus providing new risk loci. Second, we find 43 pairs of traits with significant genetic correlation at the level of predicted expression; of these, 8 are not found through genetic correlation at the SNP level. Third, we use bi-directional regression to find evidence for BMI causally influencing triglyceride levels, and triglyceride levels causally influencing LDL. Taken together, our results provide insights into the role of expression to susceptibility of complex traits and diseases.
Pneumatic Retinopexy 1

The decision to proceed with pneumatic retinopexy for retinal detachment repair is dependent on a variety of factors. All tears must be identified via indirect ophthalmoscopy and carefully drawn with relation to the retinal vessels to aid in relocating and applying laser retinopexy. Failure to identify all tears will lead to a much lower chance of success and perhaps the wrong decision by delaying surgery. The vast majority of successful pneumatic retinopexies, as primary repair of retinal detachments, are performed on patients with tears in the superior half of the retina between 3 and 9 o’clock. Rarely tears below the horizontal meridian are treated as a temporizing measure prior to taking the patient to surgery for vitrectomy. Patients should undergo a thorough informed consent process including the reduced success rate of pneumatic retinopexy compared to primary vitrectomy for retinal detachment repair.
Extreme Dynamics in the BamA β-Barrel Seam.

BamA is an essential component of the β-barrel assembly machine (BAM) that is responsible for insertion and folding of β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Gram-negative bacteria. BamA is an OMP itself, and its β-barrel transmembrane domain is thought to catalyze OMP insertion and folding, although the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Crystal structures of BamA and complementary molecular dynamics simulations have shown that its β-barrel seam (the interface between the first and last barrel strands) is destabilized. This has led to mechanistic models in which the BamA barrel seam functions as a lateral gate that opens and successively accepts β-hairpins from a nascent OMP such that a nascent barrel can bud from BamA. Consistent with this model, disulfide locking of the BamA barrel seam is lethal in Escherichia coli. Here we show that disulfide locking of the BamA barrel has no effect on its ability to catalyze folding of a model OMP into liposomes. However, disulfide trapping experimen...
Creating a Multidecadal Ocean Microwave Brightness Dataset: Three-Way Intersatellite Radiometric Calibration Among GMI, TMI, and WindSat

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), launched in late November 1997 into a low earth orbit, produced the longest satellite-derived precipitation time series of 17 years. During the second half of this mission, a collection of cooperative weather satellites, with microwave radiometers, was combined to produce a 6-h tropical precipitation product, and the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) was used as the radiometric transfer standard to intercalibrate the constellation members. To continue this valuable precipitation climate data record, the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) observatory was launched in February 2014, and the GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) became the new transfer standard that normalized the microwave radiance measurements of the GPM constellation radiometers. Previously, the Central Florida Remote Sensing Lab conducted intercomparisons over oceans, between TMI and the Naval Research Laboratory's WindSat polarimetric radiometer and found that the radiometric calibration of TMI relative to WindSat exhibited exceptional long-term radiometric stability over a period >8 years. Moreover, for purposes of assessing global climate change, it is crucial that a seamless transfer between the TRMM and the GPM microwave brightness temperature time series be achieved. Therefore, this paper presents arguments that the 3-way (WindSat, TMI, and GMI) intersatellite radiometric comparisons, performed during the 13-month period overlap, can be used to bridge the TRMM and GPM eras and assure a stable radiometric calibration between the diverse constellation's member radiometers.
Evo–Devo: The Double Identity of Insect Wings

Summary Sometime in the Devonian, perhaps about 400 million years ago, insects became the first clade to conquer the sky. Recent evo-devo studies have begun to unravel the mysterious origin of the flight structure that made insects into extraordinary six-legged fliers.
A texture-based probabilistic approach for lung nodule segmentation

Producing consistent segmentations of lung nodules in CT scans is a persistent problem of image processing algorithms. Many hard-segmentation approaches are proposed in the literature, but soft segmentation of lung nodules remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose a classification-based approach based on pixel-level texture features that produces soft (probabilistic) segmentations. We tested this classifier on the publicly available Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) dataset. We further refined the classification results with a post-processing algorithm based on the variability index. The algorithm performed well on nodules not adjacent to the chest wall, producing a soft overlap between radiologists' based segmentation and computer-based segmentation of 0.52. In the long term, these soft segmentations will be useful for representing the uncertainty in nodule boundaries that is manifest in radiological image segmentations.
Methotrexate BAFFles anti-drug antibodies.

OBJECTIVES: TNF inhibitors (TNFi) can induce anti-drug antibodies (ADA) in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) leading to clinical resistance. We explored a new way of using methotrexate (MTX) to decrease this risk of immunisation. METHODS: We treated BAFF transgenic (BAFFtg) mice, a model of AID in which immunisation against biologic drugs is high, with different TNFi. We investigated the effect of a single course of MTX during the first exposure to TNFi. Wild-type (WT) and BAFFtg mice were compared for B-Cell surface markers involved in MTX-related purinergic metabolism, adenosine production and regulatory B-cells (Bregs).We translated the study to macaques and patients with rheumatoid arthritis from the ABIRISK cohort to determine if there was an interaction between serum BAFF levels and MTX that prevented immuniation. RESULTS: In BAFFtg but not in WT mice or macaques, a single course of MTX prevented immunisation against TNFi and maintained drug concentration for over 52 weeks. BAFFtg mice B-cells expressed more CD73 and CD39 compared to WT mice. MTX induced adenosine release from B cells and increased Bregs and precursors. Use of CD73 blocking antibodies reversed MTX-induced tolerance. In patients from the ABIRISK cohort treated with TNFi for chronic inflammatory diseases, high BAFF serum level correlated with absence of ADA to TNFi only in patients cotreated with MTX but not in patients on TNFi monotherapy. CONCLUSION: MTX and BAFF interact in mice where CD73, adenosine and regulatory B cells were identified as key actors in this phenomenon. MTX and BAFF also interact in patients to prevent ADA formation.
Review: Yoga and mindfulness for youth with autism spectrum disorder: review of the current evidence.

Background Yoga and mindfulness-based programs are becoming increasingly popular as a supplemental intervention for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Increasing numbers of children, parents, and schools are participating in programs around the country with an enthusiasm that far exceeds the research support for their efficacy. Therapies that are safe but not effective may not cause immediate harm. Nevertheless, the misappropriation of limited time and financial resources may result in missed opportunities. The need for clearly defined, evidence-based therapies for youth with ASD is essential. Method Electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed intervention research studies using the key words autistic or autism in combination with yoga, mindfulness, or meditation. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. Results The findings are described in this critical review of eight empirical research studies that implemented yoga and mindfulness-based interventions for children with ASD. Although few studies reported improvements in core symptoms of ASD, preliminary findings suggest that yoga and mindfulness-based interventions are feasible and may improve a variety of prosocial behaviors, including communication and imitative behaviors; increased tolerance of sitting and of adult proximity; self-control; quality of life; and social responsiveness, social communication, social cognition, preoccupations, and social motivation. Reductions in aggressive behaviors, irritability, lethargy, social withdrawal, and noncompliance were also reported. Conclusions Based on the available literature, the empirical evidence to support the efficacy of yoga and mindfulness-based interventions for children and adolescents with ASD is inconclusive. The current body of research has significant limitations, including small sample sizes, no fidelity measures, and no control groups. Each of the eight studies, however, reported some positive effects on social, emotional, or behavioral metrics. These early results are promising and sufficient to warrant support for further research.
Mathys: Building an Industrial Company from Scratch

With the creation of Synthes AG Chur in late 1960, which was to act as the vehicle to grant exclusive licenses to instrument producers Mathys and Straumann, in addition to the conclusion of agreements with the two companies to produce AO-licensed implants and surgical tools at the end of 1961, the path was clear for ramping up a more professional and large-scale production. Until 1962, Mathys and Straumann produced the Instrumentarium exclusively but the two companies, and their owners, needed to agree on how to move forward. As described in Chap. 15, the final hurdles were cleared when global markets were allocated between the two firms.
Effect of a Multimedia Patient Decision Aid to Supplement the Informed Consent Process of a Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter Procedure: Pre-Post Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Informed consent is a complex process to help patients engage in care processes and reach the best treatment decisions. There are many limitations to the conventional consent process that is based on oral discussion of information related to treatment procedures by the health care provider. A conclusive body of research supports the effectiveness of multimedia patient decision aids (PtDAs) in the consent process in terms of patient satisfaction, increased knowledge about the procedure, reduced anxiety level, and higher engagement in the decision making. Little information is available about the effectiveness of multimedia PtDAs in the consent process of invasive therapeutic procedures such as the peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC). Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a multimedia PtDA in supplementing the consent process of the PICC for patients in 10 acute and intensive care units in terms of knowledge recall, knowledge retention, satisfaction with the consent process, and satisfaction with the PICC multimedia PtDA. Methods: This pre-post quasi-experimental study included 130 patients for whom a PICC was ordered. Patients in the control group (n=65) received the conventional consent process for the PICC, while those in the intervention group (n=65) received the multimedia PtDA to support the consent process of a PICC. All patients were surveyed for knowledge recall and retention about the procedure and satisfaction with the consent process. Patients in the intervention group were also surveyed for their satisfaction with the multimedia PtDA. Results: Compared with the control group, patients in the intervention group scored around 2 points higher on knowledge recall (t125=4.9, P4.5 out of 5 on all items. Items with the highest mean scores were related to the effect of the multimedia PtDA on knowledge retention (mean 4.9 [SD 0.2]), patient readiness to learn (mean 4.8 [SD 0.5]), complete understanding of the procedure-related complications (mean 4.8 [SD 0.4]), and patient role in maintaining the safety of the PICC (mean 4.8 [SD 0.5]). Patients in the two groups were highly satisfied with the consent process. However, 15% (10/65) patients in the control group reported that the following information was omitted from the discussion: patient and provider roles in the safety of the PICC, other treatment options, and common side effects. Furthermore, 2 patients commented that they were not ready to engage in the discussion. Conclusions: The multimedia PtDA is an effective standardized, structured, self-paced learning tool to supplement the consent process of the PICC and improve patient satisfaction with the process, knowledge recall, and knowledge retention.
Every plate counts: Evaluation of a food waste reduction campaign in a university dining hall

Abstract The foodservice industry generates food waste by disposing of unserved food in the kitchen as well as uneaten food from consumers’ plates. In all-you-care-to-eat dining settings, such as university dining halls or buffet-style restaurants, food waste can be problematic because there is little monetary incentive to take less food. In addition, university dining facilities primarily serve young consumers who tend to be more wasteful than the average adult, further increasing the likelihood of waste. Appeals to money-saving have generally been identified as the best motivator to reduce consumer food waste; however, alternative motivators are needed when the quantity of food and its associated cost are not directly linked in all-you-care-to-eat settings. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a food waste reduction campaign in a university dining hall. Consumer plate waste was collected, sorted, and weighed in a treatment and comparison dining hall for a semester to assess the impact of the campaign on the quantity and type of food waste. Results reveal that the campaign had a modest, though insignificant, impact on waste behavior, but there were changes in students’ beliefs related to food waste, which may be an important first step to achieving behavioral change.
Association of computer-aided detection results and breast cancer risk

Since conventional computer-aided detection (CAD) schemes of mammograms produce high false positive detection rates, radiologists often ignore CAD-cued suspicious regions, in particular, the mass-type regions, which reduces the application value of CAD in clinical practice. The objective of this study is to investigate a new hypothesis that CAD-generated detection results may be useful and have a positive association to the mammographic cases with a high risk of being positive for cancer. To test this hypothesis, a large and diverse image dataset including mammograms acquired from 2,349 women was retrospectively assembled. Among them, 882 are positive and 1,467 are negative. Each case involves 4 images of craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view of the left and right breasts. A CAD scheme was applied to process all mammograms. From CAD results, a number of bilateral difference features from the matched CC and MLO view images of right and left breasts were computed. We analyzed discriminatory power to predict the risk of cases being positive using the bilateral difference features and a multi-feature fusion based Logistic-Regression machine learning classifier. By using a leave-onecase- out cross-validation method, the area under the ROC curve of the classifier for the multi-feature fusion was AUC=0.660 ±0.012. By applying an operating threshold at 0.5, the overall prediction accuracy was 67% and the odds ratio was 4.794 with a statistically significant increasing trend (p<0.01). Study results indicated that from CAD-generated false-positives, we enabled to generate a new quantitative imaging marker to predict higher risk cases being positive and cue a case-based warning sign.
Spatio-Temporal Synchrophasor Data Characterization for Mitigating False Data Injection in Smart Grids

As electric power grids' dependence on wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) is expected to increase significantly in the near future, the cyber security concerns of WAMS must be carefully addressed. False data injection attack (FDIA) is a typical cyber-physical attack of WAMS in modern smart grids. This paper presents a data mining-based approach to identify FDIA on frequency data of WAMS by revealing the spatio-temporal signatures of synchrophasor measurements. Specifically, recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) is utilized to extract temporal signatures of frequency measurements while the spatial signatures are derived by using statistical method. Three FDIA scenarios, i.e., “Source ID Mix”, time mirroring and time dilation attacks are simulated. Experimental results by using synchrophasor measurements archived in FNET /GridEye demonstrate the practicability of the proposed methodology for mitigating FDIA on frequency measurements of power systems.
Molecular Imaging of Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) in Acute Lung Injury

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) during both the acute pneumonitis stage and the progression into the chronic fibroproliferative phase, leading to pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, there is an unmet clinical and research need for non-invasive approaches to monitor lung inflammation through targeting immunoregulatory pathways contributing to ALI pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the role of targeted imaging of very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), as a key integrin mediating the adhesion and recruitment of immune cells to inflamed tissues, in quantifying lung inflammation in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI. Methods: ALI was induced by a single intra-tracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (10, 20 or 40 µg per mouse) in C57BL/6J mice. Control mice were intra-tracheally instilled with sterile phosphate-buffered saline. VLA-4 targeted PET/CT was performed 24 hours after intravenous injection of a copper-64 (64Cu) labeled high-affinity peptidomimetic ligand, 64Cu-CB-TE1A1P-PEG4-LLP2A (64Cu-LLP2A), at day 2 after the induction of ALI. Ex vivo biodistribution of 64Cu-LLP2A was determined by γ-counting of harvested organs. The severity of lung inflammation was assessed histologically and by measuring the expression of inflammatory markers in the lung tissue lysates using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Intra-tracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation led to an acute inflammatory response in the lungs, characterized by increased expression of multiple inflammatory markers and infiltration of myeloid cells, along with a significant and specific increase in 64Cu-LLP2A uptake, predominantly in a peribronchial distribution. There was a strong correlation between the lipopolysaccharide dose and 64Cu-LLP2A uptake, as quantified by in vivo PET (R=0.69, P<0.01). Expression levels of both subunits of VLA-4, i.e., integrins α4 and β1, significantly correlated with the expression of multiple inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and nitric oxide synthase-2, highlighting the potential of VLA-4 as a surrogate marker of acute lung inflammation. Notably, in vivo 64Cu-LLP2A uptake significantly correlated with the expression of multiple inflammatory markers and VLA-4. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of molecular imaging of VLA-4, as a mechanistically-relevant target in ALI, and the accuracy of VLA-4 targeted PET in quantification of ongoing lung inflammation in a murine model.
A Comparison of Multimedia and Traditional Paper Assignments in an Introductory Psychology Course

Background:Multimedia creation and curation for assignments have the potential to engage students in deeper learning.Objective:This study explored whether the same homework assignments delivered in...
Flexure Hinge-based Biomimetic Thumb with a Rolling-Surface Metacarpal Joint

The human thumb’s state contribution to grasping and dexterous manipulation of objects is a function of the kinematic multiplicity of joints and structure of the bones, joints, and ligaments. This paper looks at the design and evaluation of a human-like thumb for use in a robotic hand, where the thumb’s state contribution to grasping and dexterous manipulation is a function of a simplified kinematic model based on that of the human thumb, but also on empirical trials of surgical techniques to retain functionality while reducing the number of joints in the thumb. Motion Capture Data of the End Effector is analyzed with the measured excursion of the tendons to determine the relationship between tendon velocities and task-space velocities. After validating the procedure experimentally, a simplified metric is proposed to represent this data, and shows that our prototype is predicted to have a relatively smooth mapping between tendon excursion velocity and end effector velocity.
Abstract PO-134: Identification of the cells of origin and tumor heterogeneity in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) by single-cell analysis

Lineage plasticity has emerged as an important mechanism of therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer treated with a newer generation of AR signaling inhibitor (ARSi). As a consequence of lineage plasticity, treatment resistant prostate cancer loses epithelial cell identity, acquires stem cell-like properties and transforms into a neuroendocrine lineage. Loss of function mutations in Tp53, Rb1 and Pten are enriched in human neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). To understand the cell of origin and the molecular mechanism underlying lineage plasticity and NEPC development, we have used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to profile a genetically engineered mouse model with probasin-Cre driven Tp53, Rb1 and Pten deletions (referred to as TKO mouse) and Rb1 and Pten deletions (referred to as DKO mouse). We have profiled ~70,000 single cells from 16 mice of various ages and 6 additional mice that have undergone castration with or without testosterone addback. Our scRNA-seq analysis captures a developmental trajectory from luminal adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine tumor, suggesting a newly discovered luminal cell type (L2) within the normal prostate may be the preferred cell of origin for NEPC development. Furthermore, combining scRNA-seq, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis, we reveal tremendous heterogeneity within the neuroendocrine tumors with differential expression of several putative drivers, including SOX2, EZH2, AURKA, NMYC and POU2F3. Many of these genes have been previously implicated as drivers of NEPC development, while POU2F3 has been identified as a defining marker for a Tuft-variant small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Lastly, we have preliminary evidence that castration may have the potential to accelerate the transition from adenocarcinoma to NEPC, while adding back testosterone may delay the process in the TKO mice. Overall, in this study, we have identified a luminal L2 population as the putative preferred cell of origin for NEPC in the TKO model and revealed a previous under-appreciated heterogeneity within NEPC with differential expression of driver transcriptional, epigenetic and cell cycle regulators, which mirrors what has been described in the SCLC field. Citation Format: Jimmy L. Zhao, Samir Zaidi, Joseph Chan, Kristine Wadosky, Wouter Karthaus, Danielle Choi, Aura Agudelo Rivera, Anuradha Gopalan, Dana Rathkopf, Brett Carver, Wassim Abida, Howard Scher, Yu Chen, David Goodrich, Dana Pe’er, Charles L. Sawyers. Identification of the cells of origin and tumor heterogeneity in neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) by single-cell analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-134.
Communicative Process in the Management System of Economic Relations at the Local Level

The article analyzes the features of the communicative and managerial process during the implementation of economic relations in local authorities. The meaningful concept of communication and the specifics of its functioning in the system of public administration are revealed. The basic principles, features, key tasks and functions of communications in the implementation of economic relations at the basic levels of government are described. Specific differences in the functioning of the system of modern communicative activity in public administration and at the basic level of government have been clarified. The information and communication system of local authorities is analyzed. The process of formation of internal organizational communications and their key forms used in the implementation of economic relations in the system of public administration are considered. The legislative and normative base of public administration bodies and state authorities in the implementation of communication tasks and functions has been studied and analyzed. The main stages of institutionalization of communicative relations between the government and the public are considered. The list of criteria for assessing communication processes in the implementation of economic relations between state institutions and public administration bodies, between the authorities and representatives of business structures, between the authorities, population and representatives of the public sector.
Application of BIM in Multifamily Residential Design & Construction

The National Association of Homebuilders (NAHB) conducted an initial survey in 2014 about the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in residential construction. Their study concluded that although, BIM had not been widely adopted in the residential market yet, there was growing interest in BIM’s future use. Four years later, in 2018, the authors, Prof. Ghosh Dastider and Matt Jefferies used a similar research methodology to investigate the changes, if any, in BIM’s application in the residential market since the initial study in 2014. The authors reached out to several local and national designers and contractors to collect data regarding BIM’s usage in the projects they were involved in. They collected, tabulated, analyzed the data from 296 residential projects and compared them with the initial study. The resulted data showed a significant increase in BIM’s application in the multifamily residential industry. It also showed increased application in the construction firms along with design-build firms, as well as, non- design phases such as construction and life cycle analysis. Based on these results, the authors also concluded that BIM’s applications is very likely to accelerate in residential construction market in next few years beyond deigns and construction.
The Precursors of “Translating Apparatus”

Research at Bell Laboratories which resulted in the invention of the translating device, the term used before the name “transistor” was suggested, originated from an accumulation of observations and knowledge built up by several generations of scientists. The current state of science is always the result of an evolutionary process based on ideas of previous generations of scientists.
Deep BarkID: a portable tree bark identification system by knowledge distillation

Species identification is one of the key steps in the management and conservation planning of many forest ecosystems. We introduce Deep BarkID, a portable tree identification system that detects tree species from bark images. Existing bark identification systems rely heavily on massive computing power access, which may be scarce in many locations. Our approach is deployed as a smartphone application that does not require any connection to a database. Its intended use is in a forest, where internet connection is often unavailable. The tree bark identification is expressed as a bark image classification task, and it is implemented as a convolutional neural network (CNN). This research focuses on developing light-weight CNN models through knowledge distillation. Overall, we achieved 96.12% accuracy for tree species classification tasks for ten common tree species in Indiana, USA. We also captured and prepared thousands of bark images—a dataset that we call Indiana Bark Dataset—and we make it available at https://github.com/wufanyou/DBID .
Orlistat and Sibutramine in the Management of Obesity

Obesity is a chronic medical disease that is not going away any time soon. Physicians need all the education, tools, and resources possible to successfully help the overweight and obese patients in their practices. Weight loss medications alone are clearly not the answer. They represent, however, one evidencebased tool physicians can use in combination with lifestyle changes to increase long-term weight loss success in appropriate patients. Multiple studies have shown more patients can achieve a significant weight loss when they combine lifestyle and weight loss medications than either alone. Both sibutramine and orlistat have demonstrated effectiveness for obesity treatment and represent evidence-based tools physicians should consider using in appropriate patients. In the future, using combinations of weight loss medications along with new drugs in development may yield additional safe and long-term treatments to treat this serious metabolic disease.