cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of glutamate uptake transporters after dibutyryl cyclic AMP differentiation and traumatic injury in cultured astrocytes.

Abstract Our findings indicate that differentiation of primary astrocytes by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP) and scratch injury together resulted in increased glutamate transporter gene expression. Confluent primary cultures were prepared from cerebral cortex of normal new born rat pups. The primary cultures were then divided into four groups each: control and scratch-injured, and dBcAMP-treated control and scratch-injured cultures. Total RNA was extracted at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after injury. Expression of the electrogenic glutamate transporters, GLAST, GLT-1, and EAAC-1, was quantitated by the reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction method (RT–PCR) and slot blot hybridization followed by densitometric scanning. Triplicate cultures were analyzed for each time-point. Our studies indicate that all these astrocyte cultures expressed the two glial transporters, GLAST and GLT-1, while none of the cultures expressed the neuronal transporter, EAAC-1. The expression of the two transporters in the dBcAMP-treated primary cultures were markedly increased from the non-treated cultures. The dBcAMP-treated cultures had 2- to 4-times increase in levels of GLAST and GLT-1-mRNA expression both before and after scratch injury, as compared to untreated non-injured and injured primary cultures. All of the cultures expressed GLAST in greater proportion than GLT-1.
A switching architecture for asynchronous time sharing

The concept of asynchronous time sharing is based on a multiclass network model and a distributed scheduling algorithm that provides guaranteed quality of service. There are three traffic classes for transporting user information and a fourth class for network management and control. Access to resources is resolved through a scheduling mechanism based on time sharing and space partitioning. A generic switching architecture that supports asynchronous time sharing and guarantees quality of service as negotiated at call setup is presented. The architecture exhibits switch fabric independence and only requires that the switch fabric be nonblocking. An operating implementation is described in detail. >
Ability Factors and the Speed of Information Processing

Measures based on two models from cognitive psychology, the Clark and Chase model of sentence verification and the Shepard and Metzler model of mental rotation, were related to ability factors of the Horn-Cattell theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Analysis of individual differences was also used to test the internal consistency of the two cognitive models. The individual differences analysis cast serious doubt on the validity of the sentence verification model, and measures derived from that model were only very weakly related to the ability factors. On the other hand, the model of mental rotation was supported by the individual differences analysis, and a strong relationship was found between parameters of the model and the visualization factor of the Horn-Cattell theory. Possible reasons for the failure to find process explanations for verbal ability factors are considered.
Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: Global implications

[1] We use aircraft observations of Asian outflow from the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission over the NW Pacific in March-April 2001 to estimate the export efficiency of black carbon (BC) aerosol during lifting to the free troposphere, as limited by scavenging from the wet processes (warm conveyor belts and convection) associated with this lifting. Our estimate is based on the enhancement ratio of BC relative to CO in Asian outflow observed at different altitudes and is normalized to the enhancement ratio observed in boundary layer outflow (0-1 km). We similarly estimate export efficiencies of sulfur oxides (SO x = SO 2 (g) + fine SO 2- 4 ) and total inorganic nitrate (HNO T 3 = HNO 3 (g) + fine NO - 3 ) for comparison to BC. Normalized export efficiencies for BC are 0.63-0.74 at 2-4 km altitude and 0.27-0.38 at 4-6 km. Values at 2-4 km altitude are higher than for SO x (0.48-0.66) and HNO T 3 (0.29-0.62), implying that BC is scavenged in wet updrafts but not as efficiently as sulfate or nitrate. Simulation of the TRACE-P period with a global three-dimensional model (GEOS-CHEM) indicates that a model timescale of 1 ± 1 days for conversion of fresh hydrophobic to hydrophilic BC provides a successful fit to the export efficiencies observed in TRACE-P. The resulting mean atmospheric lifetime of BC is 5.8 ± 1.8 days, the global burden is 0.11 ± 0.03 Tg C, and the decrease in Arctic snow albedo due to BC deposition is 3.1 ± 2.5%.
The signature molecular descriptor: 3. Inverse-quantitative structure–activity relationship of ICAM-1 inhibitory peptides

We present a methodology for solving the inverse-quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) problem using the molecular descriptor called signature. This methodology is detailed in four parts. First, we create a QSAR equation that correlates the occurrence of a signature to the activity values using a stepwise multilinear regression technique. Second, we construct constraint equations, specifically the graphicality and consistency equations, which facilitate the reconstruction of the solution compounds directly from the signatures. Third, we solve the set of constraint equations, which are both linear and Diophantine in nature. Last, we reconstruct and enumerate the solution molecules and calculate their activity values from the QSAR equation. We apply this inverse-QSAR method to a small set of LFA-1/ICAM-1 peptide inhibitors to assist in the search and design of more-potent inhibitory compounds. Many novel inhibitors were predicted, a number of which are predicted to be more potent than the strongest inhibitor in the training set. Two of the more potent inhibitors were synthesized and tested in-vivo, confirming them to be the strongest inhibiting peptides to date. Some of these compounds can be recycled to train a new QSAR and develop a more focused library of lead compounds.
Laboratory Investigation of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Vitamin B 12 deficiency is not uncommon, particularly in certain patient populations such as elderly, neuropsychiatric, and psychiatric patients. Historically, presentation of vitamin B 12 deficiency was recognized as megaloblastic anemia, which is now rarely seen in Western society. Hematological changes, including macrocytic anemia, are a more well-known symptom, but are not always present or are revealed later in the disease course. However, the advances over the last few decades, from the use of the obsolete Schilling test and total serum vitamin B 12 level to newer methods such as holo-transcobalamin II, the metabolites methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, antibody testing, and gastrin levels, have created a more accurate diagnosis of the disease. Total serum vitamin B 12 level, though sometimes misleading, remains a mainstay of clinical diagnosis. In this work, we will discuss vitamin B 12 deficiency, various diagnostic tests, and an algorithm used in the investigation of vitamin B 12 deficiency.
Residual Stresses in a Glass Plate Cooled Symmetrically from Both Surfaces

Residual stresses in tempered glass are generated by interactions between thermal contraction, elasticity at low temperatures, viscoelastic flow at higher temperatures, and temperature gradients caused by cooling. To date, analyses have assumed highly idealized material behavior, such as elasticity below, and inviscid fluid flow above, a critical temperature. The theory presented in this paper is based on measured relaxation characteristics of glass and temperature influence through thermorheologically simple response, which prescribes an acceleration of all relaxation phenomena with rising temperature by a factor determined by experiment. The analysis of the varying stress history for a glass plate cooled symmetrically on both sides is developed and solved for several furnace and coolant temperature combinations by numerical solution of the integral equations which arise. The determination of the residual stress distribution follows naturally in terms of a reduced time used in the analysis. Maximum compressive residual stresses under the surface increase extremely rapidly with increasing furnace temperature above 60O°C. The method is compared with previous work on the same problem.
Primary Prevention of Heart Failure in Older Adults.

Heart failure is increasing in frequency and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The incidence of heart failure is highest among older adults [(1,2)][1]. Treatment of heart failure, a leading cause of hospitalization for people older than 65 years of age, costs more than $30
Contaminated Identities: Understanding Human and Environmental Risks and Livelihood Options Among Small-Scale Gold Miners in Ghana

Numerous studies exist on toxic soil and water contamination due to small-scale gold mining activities, as well as exposure prevention and clean technologies. However, few attempts have been made to understand the environmental health situation associated with contamination from a miner’s perspective. The aim of this research is to increase awareness of the risks and impacts of mercury and other human–environmental health threats among small-scale miners in Ghana by placing these hazards into the broader livelihood context of the miners themselves. Through participatory approaches, we assess community perceptions of bodily exposure to mining-related toxicants and propose culturally and gender-sensitive risk communication and mitigation tools.
Method of Applying Sanitizers and Sample Preparation Affects Recovery of Native Microflora and Salmonella on Whole Cantaloupe Surfaces

Standardized methods for applying sanitizer treatments to cantaloupes and for recovering surviving native microflora or Salmonella on inoculated cantaloupe after sanitizing are lacking. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to compare four methods for applying sanitizers (dipping, dipping with rotation, dipping with agitation, and dipping with rubbing) using 200 ppm of chlorine or 5% H2O2, two recovery methods (homogenization of rind plugs in a stomacher or blender), and five selective recovery media for Salmonella. Whole cantaloupes were submerged in a cocktail of five strains of Salmonella (each at approximately 2 x 10(8) CFU/ml) for 10 min and allowed to dry for 1 h inside a biosafety cabinet and stored at 20 degrees C for approximately 23 h before sanitizing. The recovery of Salmonella from whole cantaloupe without sanitizing averaged 5.09 log CFU/cm2 by blending and 4.30 log CFU/cm2 by homogenization in a stomacher for the five selective agar media. Microbial populations (Salmonella or the indigenous aerobic mesophilic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., and yeast and mold) were not significantly (P > 0.05) reduced by treating with water regardless of the treatment method used. Sanitizing with chlorine or H2O2 by dipping, with or without rotation for 2 min, also did not reduce microbial populations. However, populations of all classes of native microflora and Salmonella were significantly (P 0.05) for recovery of Salmonella after washing treatments.
The effect of ofloxacin on the intracellular growth of Legionella pneumophila in guinea pig alveolar phagocytes

Ofloxacin was evaluated as an antibiotic for possible use in the therapy of Legionnaires' disease in relation to its ability to penetrate alveolar phagocytes and inhibit Legionella pneumophila intracellular replication. A comparison with two other antibiotics used in the treatment of Legionnaires' disease, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, was also made. Ofloxacin was found to be the most effective antibiotic, eliminating viable L. pneumophila from alveolar phagocytes at 0.001 mg/l. This was followed by ciprofloxacin, eliminating intracellular organisms at 0.01 mg/l. Erythromycin was shown to be much less effective, requiring a much higher concentration, of 0.1 mg/l. All three antibiotics had approximately similar MIC values and the considerable differences in intracellular penetration shown by these antibiotics indicate how discrepancies between in-vitro and in-vivo estimates of efficacy can occur.
Roentgenographic and Mathematical Analysis of First Metatarsal Osteotomies for Metatarsus Primus Varus: A Comparative Study:

The operative effectiveness of five different first metatarsal osteotomies for nonarthritic hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus were objectively evaluated roentgenographically. The series consisted of 120 feet (75 patients) seen over a 5-year period. The osteotomies were biplanar neck, Chevron, biplanar basilar, basilar concentric, and basilar concentric combined with a lateral closing wedge. All the osteotomies except for the Chevron had varying degrees of plantar displacement of the distal fragment and crossed Kirschner wire fixation.The operative techniques and failures are discussed. Special x-ray studies confirmed misleading pseudocorrections caused by bandage compression and intraoperative and early postoperative roentgenographic distortion. The Chevron gave the least correction, 2°, and did not permit plantar displacement to obviate late metatarsal transfer lesions. The biplanar neck osteotomies were technically the simplest, giving 86% satisfactory corrections, averaging 4.3°. The biplanar b...
Nonadiabatic decomposition of gas-phase RDX through conical intersections: an ONIOM-CASSCF study.

Topographical exploration of nonadiabatically coupled ground- and excited-electronic-state potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the isolated RDX molecule was performed using the ONIOM methodology: C...
Survey on Nutritional Knowledge and Attitude Behavior of University Students in a University of Shanxi Province

Objective:To find out the nutritional and healthy awareness,eating habits and recent healthy status of university students in a university of Shanxi province and provide the scientific basis for the design and intervention of the future nutritional education.Methods:Six hundred university students were selected from a university of Shanxi province by cluster sampling to investigate them about nutritional knowledge,dietary attitudes,dietary structure and dietary beha-vior by questionnaire investigation.Results:Total manifestation of nutritional and healthy knowledge and dietary behavior of university students in a university of Shanxi province were better,but the nutritional structure of a few university students was unscientific and the eating habits were unreasonable.Conclusion:University students should consciously learn some nutritional knowledge and get out of the bad eating habits to culture the correct eating habits of meat and vegetarian diet,coarse grain and refined grain matching.
Unmasking sensitive alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated renal vasoconstriction in conscious rats

Renal vascular reactivity to intrarenal arterial boluses of norepinephrine (NE), phenylephrine (PHE; alpha 1-agonist), and guanabenz (GBZ; alpha 2-agonist) was assessed in conscious, freely moving, chronically instrumented, normotensive Wistar rats. Dose-response curves (DRCs) were obtained in the absence and cumulative presence of propranolol (PROP; beta-antagonist), corynanthine (CORY; alpha 1-antagonist) and idazoxan (IDX; alpha 2-antagonist) to estimate effective dosages (ED) required for 15 and 75% peak reductions in renal blood flow. The PHE DRC had a short shallow ED15 region, but was primarily linear with a steep slope. The GBZ DRC had a shallow slope. The NE DRC had a prolonged shallow phase in the ED15 region and a steep slope in the ED75 region. PROP had no effect on the DRCs. CORY caused a parallel rightward shift of the PHE DRC and had no effect on the GBZ DRC. After CORY, the shallow ED15 portion of the NE DRC was even more pronounced with a slope now identical to that of the GBZ DRC, whereas the ED75 region of the NE DRC was shifted rightward like the PHE DRC. IDX preferentially antagonized the ED15 regions of the GBZ and NE DRCs. In a second group of rats, the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, rauwolscine, was administered following base-line DRCs to demonstrate rightward shifts of the NE and GBZ DRCs when PHE DRCs remained unaffected. Therefore, when boluses of NE are injected into the rat kidney, the vasoconstrictive responses are a result of the activation of both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute hypertension immediately after coronary artery surgery

Hypertension immediately after coronary artery surgery is a problem in about one third of the patients so treated. This report discusses the possible causes of postoperative hypertension and describes several means of controlling the complication.
From primordial germ cells to primordial follicles: a review and visual representation of early ovarian development in mice

Normal development of reproductive organs is crucial for successful reproduction. In mice the early ovarian developmental process occurs during the embryonic and postnatal period and is regulated through a series of molecular signaling events. Early ovarian development in mice is a seventeen-day process that begins with the rise of six primordial germ cells on embryonic day five (E5) and ends with the formation of primordial follicles on postnatal day two (P2). We reviewed the current literature and created a visual representation of early ovarian development that depicts the important molecular events and associated phenotypic outcomes based on primary data. The visual representation shows the timeline of key signaling interactions and regulation of protein expression in different cells involved in ovarian development. The major developmental events were divided into five phases: 1) origin of germ cells and maintenance of pluripotency; 2) primordial germ cell migration; 3) sex differentiation; 4) formation of germ cell nests; and 5) germ cell nest breakdown and primordial follicle formation. This review and visual representation provide a summary of the current scientific understanding of the key regulation and signaling during ovarian development and highlights areas needing further study. The visual representation can be used as an educational resource to link molecular events with phenotypic outcomes; serves as a tool to generate new hypotheses and predictions of adverse reproductive outcomes due to perturbations at the molecular and cellular levels; and provides a comprehendible foundation for computational model development and hypothesis testing.
Elevated Troponin? Take Heart and Reconsider!

Heart transplantation is a very effective treatment option for patients with many end-stage cardiac pathologies. Unfortunately, a shortage of donor organs limits the number of patients who benefit from this intervention, and many patients still die while awaiting transplantation. Per the Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients, the estimated overall heart transplant wait-list mortality for 2013 was 10.7 deaths per 100 wait-list years.1 Given this, there has been great interest in identifying the donor risk factors that are significantly associated with adverse recipient outcomes, to safely expand donor heart utilization and to ensure that organs are not unnecessarily rejected. See Article by Madan et al When evaluating donor organs, there are a number of well-defined exclusion criteria, such as use of high-dose inotropic support during donor management, positive hepatitis/HIV serologies, obstructive coronary artery disease, and irreversible left ventricular systolic dysfunction.2 However, there are a number of donor risk factors that are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Among these are elevated donor troponin I levels. Previous studies have shown that troponin I may be a reliable surrogate of donor heart function,3,4 and this biomarker has therefore been used to help select optimal organs. What is often not taken into consideration is the fact that donor troponin levels are influenced by a number of clinical variables, including mode of death and renal function.5 The Table lists the most commonly cited reasons for nonacceptance of donor hearts for transplantation. View this table: Table. Common …
Between Flickering Light and Flame, July–December 1941

The German invasion of Russia in June and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 guaranteed an allied victory. The first committed Germany to a struggle beyond its resources and the second brought the United States into the war on Britain’s side. Upon hearing about Pearl Harbor Winston Churchill is supposed to have remarked: ‘At last, we have won!’ However, the days between these great events were among England’s bleakest, and that applied doubly for the propagandists working in neutral Europe. After 22 June neutral governments’ resistance to British propaganda hardened. They believed that Germany might defeat the Soviet Union and were not wholly sorry; indeed Spain welcomed the possibility. Germany was feared more than ever after the attack on Russia, and at the same time certain neutral regimes were anxious that if Russia successfully fought back it would have an unsettling effect on their own people. This anxiety was linked to suspicion that Anglo—American support for the Soviet Union meant the overthrow of all authoritarian regimes if the allies won. These views were neither consistent nor always coherent; but then the neutrals’ perception of themselves in relation to the war rarely was.
Please Do Not Publish this Article in England: A Jurisdictional Response to Libel Tourism

Foreign defamation judgments obtained against American authors by libel tourists give rise to a jurisprudential quandary. On one hand, foreign defamation judgments rest on substantive laws offering much less protection to the American speaker than would be available in U.S. courts pursuant to the First Amendment. On the other hand, well-rooted doctrines of private international law and conflict of laws jurisprudence strongly favor the recognition of foreign judgments even though the receiving court disagrees with the policies and rules of decision underlying the foreign judgment. This quandary is made more complex by recently adopted state statutes prohibiting the recognition and enforcement of the judgments of foreign tribunals and opening the door to preemptive declaratory relief against litigants appearing in foreign courts. How should courts deal with foreign defamation judgments when they are presented for recognition and enforcement. This article argues that U.S. courts should not deny enforcement of foreign defamation judgments solely on the ground that the judgment offends domestic policy. Such an approach will needlessly invite reciprocal collateral attack on U.S. judgments abroad. Instead, U.S. courts should, consistent with well-recognized principles of sovereignty and comity, collaterally examine the jurisdiction of the foreign tribunal. Many recent libel tourism judgments, as demonstrated in this article, are issued by courts lacking sufficient contacts with the dispute. The judgment of a court lacking jurisdiction is void and unenforceable.
INTRAOSSEOUS HAEMANGIOMAS ON HYBRID IMAGING: A PICTORIAL REVIEW

Osseous haemangiomas are benign skeletal tumours, usually identi ed as incidental ndings on different imaging modalities. Bone scan is the most frequent radionuclide procedure performed as metastatic workup in patients with various malignancies. Not every hotspot on a staging bone scan is malignant. Haemangiomas with variable degree of radiotracer uptake on technetium-99m (Tc-99m) bone scintigraphy may be falsely labelled as metastases in background of known malignancy. The addition of single-photon emission computed tomography computed tomograph y (SPECT-CT) enhances the specificity of bone scan which allows accurate detection and anatomical localisation of scintigraphic findings. We present a case series as pictorial review of osseous haemangiomas identi ed on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT CT at our department. Key words: Haemangioma, methylene diphosphonate, bone scan, single-photon emission computed tomography- computed tomograph y
Shi’ism: Myth and Reality — Religion and Secularism

Shi’ism has been both a creator of myth and a subject of myth. That is, there are many important myths both within Shi’ism and, particularly in the West and among Sunni Muslims, about Shi’ism. Many of these myths are simply false, while others generalize from one place or period. Today, what may well be a temporary situation and certainly does not reflect the whole Shi’i past, leads many to speak of Shi’ism as such as being especially oriented toward political martyrdom, revolt, orientation to a single leader, and characterized by almost universal religiosity. By examining these myths critically, we should be able to appreciate better the dynamic nature of Shi’ism and its ever-changing realities.
Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Properties of the FeO–SiO2–V2O3 Systems

The phase diagrams of FeO–SiO2–V2O3 systems as the main components of vanadium slag are assessed on the basis of the existing literature models and experimental studies to modify partial parameters by FactSage thermodynamic software. The results show that the eutectic and peritectic reactions for the FeO–V2O3 system happen at about 1626 and 1985 K, respectively. The eutectic and monotectic reactions for the V2O3–SiO2 system happen at about 1935 and 1963 K, respectively. According to the actual blowing temperature of the vanadium-extraction converter, the isothermal section at 1573, 1623, and 1672 K of the FeO–SiO2–V2O3 ternary system is calculated, and the isothermal section at 1573 and 1623 K has seven phase regions, which are the liquid + spinel + tridymite, liquid + wustite + spinel, spinel + tridymite + karelianite, liquid + tridymite, liquid + spinel, liquid + wustite, and liquid, respectively. But liquid + wustite and liquid + wustite + spinel regions disappear at 1673 K. Meanwhile, two ternary eutectic points are determined to be at 1470 and 1476 K, respectively. Peritectic reaction of phase wustite, karelianite, and silica (tridymite and cristobalite) occurs at 1702 and 1750 K, respectively.
Dental Amalgam Fillings: A Source of Mercury Exposure

Dental amalgam fillings, which contain approximately 50% mercury, have been used since the early nineteenth century. However, their use has been controversial, particularly because they continually release small amounts of mercury. Inorganic mercury is known to be highly toxic, particularly to the nervous system and kidneys, but exposures from amalgam fillings are generally well below those established as toxic. However, uncertainties about threshold concentrations of effect and the nature of any long-term exposure effects remain. Considering the long-standing and widespread use of these fillings, there has been remarkably little investigation of their safety, and most epidemiological studies have been recent. In general, investigations to date have shown little evidence of effects on general chronic disease incidence or mortality. Limited evidence exists for an association with multiple sclerosis, but there have been few studies of other neurodegenerative diseases. Assessments of the safety of dental amalgam have mainly been based on studies of populations occupationally exposed to mercury. However, the amalgam-exposed population contains a broader, potentially more susceptible, spectrum of people. In that regard, a number of recent studies of children that have found no evidence of health effects from amalgam fillings have provided some reassurance.
Graft-versus-host disease: part I. Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of graft-versus-host disease

Approximately 25,000 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants are performed worldwide each year for a variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions. Graft-versus-host disease represents one of the most frequent complications and is a major source of long-term morbidity and mortality. Whereas acute graft-versus-host disease is induced by recognition of host tissues as foreign by immunocompetent donor cells, the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease is not as well understood, and continues to be a major treatment challenge. Part I of this two-part series reviews the epidemiologic factors, classification, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Part II discusses the topical, physical, and systemic treatment options available to patients with graft-versus-host disease.
A Study Tour to Paris, 2 – 7 May, 2013

A tour organised by the Croatian Archival Society and Zagreb Archival Society had two events as its purpose: the opening of the exhibition on capitals of Slavic countries through archival materials at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris on May 6, 2013, and the exhibition "Power through documents – establish, say, demonstrate, counterfeit authority (Le pouvoir en actes: fonder, dire, montrer, contrefaire l'autorite)" , in the Museum of National Archives of France, Hotel de Soubise.
An in vivo proteomic analysis of the Me31B interactome in Drosophila germ granules.

Drosophila Me31B is a conserved protein of germ granules, ribonucleoprotein complexes essential for germ cell development. Me31B post-transcriptionally regulates mRNAs by interacting with other germ granule proteins. However, a Me31B interactome is lacking. Here, we use an in vivo proteomics approach to show that the Me31B interactome contains polypeptides from four functional groups: RNA regulatory proteins, glycolytic enzymes, cytoskeleton/motor proteins, and germ plasm components. We further show that Me31B likely colocalizes with the germ plasm components Tudor, Vasa, and Aubergine in the nuage and germ plasm and provide evidence that Me31B may directly bind to Tudor in a symmetrically dimethylated arginine-dependent manner. Our study supports the role of Me31B in RNA regulation and suggests its novel roles in germ granule assembly and function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Spectrum of Aortic Disease in the Giant Cell Arteritis Population.

We report the spectrum of aortic involvement in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) following review of medical records of 4,006 patients including those with imaging studies. A total of 1,450 patients (36%) had a confirmed diagnosis of GCA. Of these, 974 had aortic imaging. Of the 974 patients with imaging, 435 (45%) had an identified aortopathy. The most common aortopathy was aneurysm/dilation (69%). Overall, an annual aneurysmal growth rate of 1.5 mm/y was calculated. In patients with aneurysm/dilation, aortic dissection occurred in 18 patients (6%), and these patients had a significantly higher aneurysmal growth rate compared with those without dissection (4.5 vs 1.4 mm/y, p = 0.005). The median size of the aorta at the time of dissection was 51 mm, with 7 (39%) occurring with a maximal aortic aneurysm/dilation <50 mm. In conclusion, our findings indicate higher aneurysmal growth rate in GCA compared with that reported for degenerative aortic disease. Moreover, patients who develop dissection had a significantly higher growth rate than those without dissection with over a third of these patients suffering dissection at a caliber <50 mm.
Political Identity: Meaning, Measures, and Evidence

Identity shapes many of aspects of life, from how we see the world to how we behave. The concept of a political identity can best be understood as an inner narrative of one’s political self. Identity is the story that we tell ourselves and others about who we are, who we were, and who we foresee ourselves to be. But how does this concept work when trying to understand identity in terms of politics? As noted in the introduction, political identity is complicated in both meaning and how it can best be defined. Much of the literature on identity admits that a political identity is a vague concept inherently difficult to measure (Valde 1996). However, part of the challenge and the reward for both political science and psychology is the development of a better theory to conceptualize political identity.
Prediction of unsaturated flow and water backfill during infiltration in layered soils.

Abstract We develop a new analytical infiltration model to determine water flow dynamics around layer interfaces during infiltration process in layered soils. The model mainly involves the analytical solutions to quadratic equations to determine the flux rates around the interfaces. Active water content profile behind the wetting front is developed based on the solution of steady state flow to dynamically update active parameters in sharp wetting front infiltration equations and to predict unsaturated flow in coarse layers before the front reaches an impeding fine layer. The effect of water backfill to saturate the coarse layers after the wetting front encounters the impeding fine layer is analytically expressed based on the active water content profiles. Comparison to the numerical solutions of the Richards equation shows that the new model can well capture water dynamics in relation to the arrangement of soil layers. The steady state active water content profile can be used to predict the saturation state of all layers when the wetting front first passes through these layers during the unsteady infiltration process. Water backfill effect may occur when the unsaturated wetting front encounters a fine layer underlying a coarse layer. Sensitivity analysis shows that saturated hydraulic conductivity is the parameter dictating the occurrence of unsaturated flow and water backfill and can be used to represent the coarseness of soil layers. Water backfill effect occurs in coarse layers between upper and lower fine layers when the lower layer is not significantly coarser than the upper layer.
Revisiting the Psychoanalytic Object: Introduction

Senior analysts from different theoretical orientations are invited to express their conceptions of the nature of the psychoanalytic object and its place in their clinical approaches. I provide the rationale for this updated survey on the object, drawing on recent procedural notions of its formation, and on the broader range of patients now seeking help whose difficulties foreground use of the analyst-as-object. Certain common themes among the writers emerge, including concern with the dialectic of the separability and unity of subject and object. Most strongly, the object’s personalized meaning for each writer, as for all analysts, confirms its robustness and generativity as a psychoanalytic concept and entity.
Light Scattering Spectroscopy as a Tool for Studying Macromolecular Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics

Light scattering has been used for about the past 25 years to determine such static properties of polymers in solution as molecular weights, solution virial coefficients, molecular shapes and characteristic dimensions, molecular optical anistropies and molecular weight and size distributions of polydisperse samples.1 In all of these cases the measured quantity is the frequency integrated intensity of scattered light as a function of scattering angle. In experiments of this type, no attempt is made to measure the spectral distribution of the scattered light. Since the width of the scattered spectral distribution is usually very small, the tools to perform this additional analysis were not available. Recently, however, with the development of lasers and associated techniques such measurements have become commonplace. This new field, light scattering spectroscopy, extends the light scattering technique to the measurement of dynamic quantities, such as translational and rotational diffusion coefficients, intramolecular relaxation times and chemical reaction rate constants.
A Note on Heidegger’s Death Analytic: The Tolstoyian Correlative

Heidegger’s analysis of the meaning of death in Being and Time has been widely claimed as his most important contribution to philosophy. Critics have suggested that his investigation incorporates traces from the thought of Rainer Maria Rilke and Karl Jaspers.1 In the death analytic, however, Heidegger himself mentions neither the poet nor the philosopher but references only Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich,2 significantly, the only prose fiction work mentioned in Being and Time. Clearly Tolstoy’s novella made a lasting impression on Heidegger because in it he could find dramatically illustrated most of the characteristic behaviors and evasive attitudes uncovered in his own phenomenology of death. The Death of Ivan Ilyich, then, is an illuminating supplement — specific, personal and emotional — to what Heidegger universalized in his philosophy.
Food and Cash Crop Competition

Technology has transformed agriculture into one of the most modern industries in the world. In the developed nations, this technology takes on the characteristics of space-age science, with computer-controlled feeding operations, fantastically complicated field machinery, and the latest techniques of management. Even the developing nations have felt the wand of technological advance—scientifically developed grain varieties and recently introduced agricultural practices.
The relativistic deuteron wave function

Abstract Using ideas contained in papers by Blankenbecler and Sugar, and Gross, a practical theory of the relativistic deuteron wave function is developed. The correspondence with the non-relativistic wave function is made. The normalization condition and relativistic wave equation is derived. Negative energy contributions are emphasized.
Comparison of a Novel Handheld Telehealth Device with Stand-Alone Examination Tools in a Clinic Setting

Abstract Background and Objective: Research demonstrates that telemedicine is effective in pediatric settings but little is published to validate the quality of the data acquired by remote peripher...
Bāuls, Bhakti, Beats, and Bob: the Influence of Oral Indian Tradition in the Poetry of Allen Ginsberg and Its Connection with Bob Dylan

The term Bāul is universally associated with singing. It is a form of folk music that emerges from Bengal in India. However, Bāul does not simply imply singing. It is more of a philosophy which is deeply rooted in the quest for self-realization. The raison d’etre for the kind of attraction the music of Bāuls and the poetry of Kabir had for the West is that their music and poetry was essentially a poetry of simplicity, peace and celestial love. Since Bāul music and Kabir’s poetry transcends religious boundaries, it was easily accepted by the Western canon that was looking to the East for newer inspiration and life philosophies. This paper focuses on the oral Indian tradition of Bāulgan and the Dohas of Kabir and how they influenced the writing of the legendary Beat poet Allen Ginsberg. The paper also partially focuses on Purna Das and Laxman Das, two famous Bāul singers who went to live in Woodstock at the house of Bob Dylan in the mid-1960s and their resulting friendship.
Co-production of Public Service and Information Technology: A Literature Review

Recent years have witnessed growing public administration practitioners’ and researchers’ interests in the involvement of citizens as co-producers of public service design and delivery. With advanced information and communication technologies (ICT) favoring multilateral interactivity and ubiquitous communication, governments are able to expand new opportunities for public service co-production. This literature review contributes to our understanding of current knowledge about the use of ICTs in co-production and the potential outcomes. The results of the review show three models of ICT-enabled co-production: (1) Citizen-sourcing; (2) Automatic Co-production; (3) Government as an Open Platform, each with its unique features in terms of citizens’ contributions, citizens’ capacities, and government openness. This review highlights future developments in electronic sensors and the use of data could lead to new approaches to co-production. ICT-enabled coproduction is promising to bring positive outcomes on public service provision and citizen engagement, yet the effectiveness of those practices is conditioned on factors both inside and outside government organizations. The review also indicates that ICT-enabled co-production is not a panacea and potential dark sides need to be acknowledged. Future research needs to address critical drivers and barriers for governments to utilize different models of ICT-enabled coproduction as well as to evaluate the outcomes of those practices in multiple contexts.
Distribution of Tourette's verbal tics produced during active speech

Tourette syndrome causes individuals to produce unwanted movements and vocalizations called tics. Verbal tics are those tics that closely mimic words/phrases—their execution requires the same set of articulators needed to produce speech. Tics respond to a preceding urge to tic and are akin to other urge-based actions like cough. Urges to tic can arise at any time but speech and tics must be deployed sequentially as they cannot be produced simultaneously. How are conflicts between the speech and tic motor systems resolved? This study tests the prediction that tics interfere with production of words and intonational phrases less frequently than expected by chance. As predicted, pilot data from one subject showed that the expected probability of words and tics co-occurring were these events independent was significantly higher than the observed likelihood of tics interrupting words. Correspondingly, the likelihood of intonational phrase-final boundaries co-occurring with tics if these events were independent was significantly lower than the observed probability of tics given intonational phrase-final boundaries. Data from multiple people with Tourette’s will be presented. Results suggest that utterances are “protected” from tic interruptions, providing evidence that the tic and speech motor systems are linked in production. [Work supported by NIH and NSF.]
Post-traumatic growth in the twenty-first century: how current trends may threaten our ability to grow after trauma

Victims of trauma who experience post-traumatic stress disorder are often able to reframe the tragedies that they have been through in a way that gives them new-found purpose in life and a sense of...
Teachers’ Use and Beliefs About Praise: A Mixed-Methods Study

Using a convergent parallel mixed methods design, we examined changes in teachers’ use of praise during instruction (verbal or nonverbal statements or gestures to provide feedback for appropriate b...
Study Preregistration: An Evaluation of a Method for Transparent Reporting

Study preregistration promotes transparency in scientific research by making a clear distinction between a priori and post hoc procedures or analyses. Management and applied psychology have not embraced preregistration in the way other closely related social science fields have. There may be concerns that preregistration does not add value and prevents exploratory data analyses. Using a mixed-method approach, in Study 1, we compared published preregistered samples against published non-preregistered samples. We found that preregistration effectively facilitated more transparent reporting based on criteria (i.e., confirmed hypotheses and a priori analysis plans). Moreover, consistent with concerns that the published literature contains elevated type I error rates, preregistered samples had fewer statistically significant results (48%) than non-preregistered samples (66%). To learn about the perceived advantages, disadvantages, and misconceptions of study preregistration, in Study 2, we surveyed authors of preregistered studies and authors who had never preregistered a study. Participants in both samples had positive inclinations towards preregistration yet expressed concerns about the process. We conclude with a review of best practices for management and applied psychology stakeholders.
Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint by Anesthetists in Florida When Conducting Orotracheal Intubation-A Pilot Study.

Background: Orotracheal intubation has been considered a risk factor for the development or exacerbation of disorders related to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate TMJ assessment performed by anesthetists in Florida when conducting orotracheal intubation. Methods: An online questionnaire was created using Qualtrics. The survey included 22 questions related to demographics, TMJ related to anesthesia procedures, and education/awareness regarding TMJ related to intubation. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation analysis were performed. Results: One hundred and eight providers participated (mean 46 years-old ± 12; 59% female). About 50% reported to always evaluate TMJ prior non-emergency intubation. Of those, 56% used an alternative intubation technique based on the TMJ status and 60% never/rarely evaluated TMJ post-intubation. Twenty-five percent reported they did not know of possible intubation effects on TMJ and 47% reported that they did not receive adequate information/education on TMJ management related to intubation in school. After participation, 81% reported to be more aware of the importance of evaluating TMJ. Conclusions: Only half of the providers who frequently performed intubation in Florida evaluated TMJ prior to intubation. This survey increased the awareness regarding the importance of evaluating TMJ when conducting intubation. This may contribute to reducing TMJ issues associated with non-emergency intubations.
Neurogenesis Makes a Crucial Contribution to the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease

One unexplained feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is that the lateral entorhinal cortex undergoes neurodegeneration before other brain areas. However, this brain region does not have elevated levels of amyloid peptides in comparison with undamaged regions. What is the cause of this special vulnerability of the entorhinal cortex? One special feature of the lateral entorhinal cortex is that it projects to newborn neurons that have undergone adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis is abnormal in human AD brains, and modulation of neurogenesis in experimental animals influences the course of AD. This complex process of neurogenesis may expose axon terminals originating from neurons of the entorhinal cortex to a unique combination of molecules that can enhance toxic effects of amyloid. Retrograde degeneration of neurons with axons terminating in the dentate gyrus provides a likely explanation for the spatial patterns of neuronal cell death seen in AD. Specialized astrocytes in the dentate gyrus participate in adult neurogenesis and produce fatty acid binding protein7 (FABP7). These FABP7+ cells undergo an aging-related mitochondrial pathology that likely impairs their functions. This age-related abnormality may contribute to the impairment in neurogenesis seen in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Also, a compromised function of these astrocytes likely results in local elevations of palmitic acid, iron, copper, and glucose, which all enhance the toxicity of amyloid peptides. Treatments that modulate neurogenesis or diminish the production of these toxic substances may prove more successful than treatments that are solely aimed at reducing the amyloid burden alone.
Subsets of adjacent nodes (SOAN): a fast method for computing suboptimal paths in protein dynamic networks

Suboptimal path analysis in a protein structural or dynamical network becomes increasingly popular for identifying critical residues involved in allosteric communication and regulation. Several sof...