cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fomepizole for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning.

A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after ingesting automobile antifreeze. His pH is 7.30, and his urinalysis reveals calcium oxalate crystals, findings consistent with ethylene glycol poisoning. Treatment with fomepizole is recommended. Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase that prevents the formation of the toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol and methanol.
Voltage gated ion and molecule transport in engineered nanochannels: theory, fabrication and applications

Nanochannels remain at the focus of growing scientific and technological interest. The nanometer scale of the structure allows the discovery of a new range of phenomena that has not been possible in traditional microchannels, among which a direct field effect control over the charges in nanochannels is very attractive for various applications, since it offers a unique opportunity to integrate wet ionics with dry electronics seamlessly. This review will focus on the voltage gated ionic and molecular transport in engineered gated nanochannels. We will present an overview of the transport theory. Fabrication techniques regarding the gated nanostructures will also be discussed. In addition, various applications using the voltage gated nanochannels are outlined, which involves biological and chemical analysis, and energy conversion.
Diagnosis Dialog: Progress Report

In June, Diagnosis Dialog III took place at Regis University, Denver, Colo. The primary purpose was to propose and explore examples of descriptors that could be used as diagnostic terms for conditions related to human movement. At the previous Dialog conferences, participants had agreed that the descriptors would: (1) use standardized anatomical, physiological, or functional terms that concisely describe the condition or syndrome of the human movement system, (2) use standardized movement-related terms that already exist, (3) include, if deemed necessary for clarity, the name of the pathology, disease, or disorder that is associated with the diagnosis, and (4) be as short as possible to improve clinical usefulness. The term “nickname” was used to convey the concept of a concise descriptor. A list of approximately 70 descriptors had been generated by participants and their colleagues. Some descriptors were discussed at length at Diagnosis Dialog III; others remain to be discussed. Conversations were wide-ranging and very instructive, especially when various descriptors were compared and contrasted. (Appendixes containing these descriptors and listing the Dialog participants are available online with the October issue at www.ptjournal.org/cgi/content/full/87/10/1270/DC1.) Consider 2 sets of descriptors: (1) deconditioning and airway clearance dysfunction , and (2) gait distance dysfunction associated with intermittent claudication and gait distance dysfunction associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Even though these 2 sets of descriptors do not address the same conditions, they reveal interesting differences in perspective and raise additional questions. Readers who are familiar with the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice (Guide)1 will notice the similarity between the first set of descriptors and some of the Preferred Physical Therapist Practice PatternsSM in the Cardiovascular/Pulmonary chapter of the Guide. Deconditioning is the suggested nickname for Pattern 6B: Impaired Aerobic Capacity/Endurance Associated With Deconditioning.1(p475) Similarly, airway clearance dysfunction is the suggested …
A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology.

The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) made a major contribution when it established standardized classifications and terminology for epileptic seizures and syndromes. This provided a universal vocabulary that not only facilitated communication among clinicians, but also established a taxonomic foundation for performing quantitative clinical and basic research on epilepsy. Much, however, has changed since the adoption of the currently used Classification of Epileptic Seizures in 1981 (1) and the Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes in 1989 (2). Consequently, the Executive Committee of the ILAE, which took office in July 1997, agreed that review and revision of the current classification system would be a priority for this Executive term. A Task Force on Classification and Terminology was appointed, which divided itself into four working groups concerned with Descriptive Terminology for Ictal Events; Seizures; Syndromes and Diseases; and Impairment. During the course of several meetings and vigorous e-mail discussions, the Task Force agreed that it would not be possible to replace the current international classifications with similar revised and updated classifications that would be universally accepted and meet all the clinical and research needs such a formal organizational system would be expected to provide. Rather, the Task Force is proposing a diagnostic scheme that makes use of standardized terminology and concepts to describe individual patients (Table 1). Within this diagnostic scheme, a variety of approaches to classification are possible, and some are presented here by way of example only. The Task Force views the development of specific classifications as a continuing work in progress. Flexible and dynamic classifications will be revised periodically based not only on rapidly emerging new information, but also on the resolution of problems that will inevitably be identified through use. At this point, the proposal does include several definitive changes in concepts and terminology (Table 2), and classifications are presented as examples of what could be devised in the future.
Atmospheric boundary layer height measurements with wind profilers: successes and cautions

Wind profiling radars have previously been deployed at a number of fixed and temporary sites to measure boundary layer structure and behavior. One of the most useful parameters produced by these instruments is the height of the convective boundary layer (CBL), also known as the mixing height. This is usually determined from the location of the peak of reflectivity caused by turbulence acting on a gradient of humidity at the CBL top. Various practitioners use techniques that differ only in subtle detail to find the CBL top. These measurements have proved quite useful in basic and applied boundary layer research. However, a number of phenomena can complicate or even completely frustrate CBL height measurements. These include hydrometeors, residual layers, clouds, birds, and insects. The addition of other measurements, such as cloud base from a ceilometer, and the use of other variables measured by the radar, such as the turbulence profile, can help to distinguish these phenomena from the true CBL in some cases. The present authors shows a variety of examples ranging from simple through problematic to impossible, and discusses how the uncertainty in some cases can be reduced. Some remarks on the possibilities of automated recognition of CBL height in profiler signals is also included.
Printed Carbon Nanotubes on Polymer Films for Active Origami

We describe a facile fabrication of solid-state actuators by coating common polymer films with a layer of carbon nanotubes. The composite material actuators are multifunctional energy transducers and were powered by heat, light, or electricity. The maximum observed force produced by an actuator was 60 times its own weight. Actuators were also demonstrated to bend more than 90°. The actuators were repeatedly activated for nearly 50,000 cycles without significant loss of performance for a sub-hertz actuator and 1,000,000 cycles in the case of a 30 Hz actuator. The utility of these devices was demonstrated by creating a walking robot.
Bridging Conflicting Ideologies: The Origins of American and British Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy practice has bridged two contradictory value systems for more than 100 years. This article describes the origins of practice ideas in both the United States and Britain and demonstrates that founding members of the occupational therapy profession all shared a core of humanistic beliefs while embracing the emerging paradigm of scientific medicine. The result has been an intellectual tension between the biological and the psychosocial aspects of practice. For more than 75 years, occupational therapists struggled to balance the art and science of patient care; recent debates on modalities, practice domains, and research priorities indicate that the unifying core of the profession is occupation that considers a person's mind and body.
Regulation of the cytosolic sulfotransferases by nuclear receptors

The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are a multigene family of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from the physiologic sulfate donor, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, to a nucleophilic substrate to generate a polar product that is more amenable to elimination from the body. As catalysts of both xenobiotic and endogenous metabolism, the SULTs are major points of contact between the external and physiological environments, and modulation of SULT-catalyzed metabolism can not only affect xenobiotic disposition, but it can also alter endogenous metabolic processes. Therefore, it is not surprising that SULT expression is regulated by numerous members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that function as sensors of xenobiotics as well as endogenous molecules, such as fatty acids, bile acids, and oxysterols. These NRs include the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, vitamin D receptor, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptor, retinoid-related orphan receptors, and estrogen-related receptors. This review summarizes current information about NR regulation of SULT expression. Because species differences in SULT subfamily composition and tissue-, sex-, development-, and inducer-dependent regulation are prominent, these differences will be emphasized throughout the review. In addition, because of the central role of the SULTs in cellular physiology, the effect of NR-mediated SULT regulation on physiological and pathophysiological processes will be discussed. Gaps in current knowledge that require further investigation are also highlighted.
Secured Hardware Design - An Overview

Security is a prime concern in the design of a wide variety of embedded systems and security processors. So the customer security devices such as smart cards and security processors are prone to attack and there are on going research to protect these devices from attackers who intend to extract key information from these devices. Also an active attacker can induce errors during computation and exploit the faulty result to extract the key information embedded in the processor. Due to the design time issues weakness in the design is often revealed in the manufactured chips. Also because the post- manufacture security evaluation is time consuming and expensive, these security issues have to be considered at the design phase. This paper outlines some of the hardware attacks and provides a general idea of the process of these attacks.
Vision-based distance and area measurement system

The objective of this paper is to enable CCD camera for area measuring while recording images simultaneously. Based on an established relationship between pixel number and distance in this paper, we can derive the horizontal and vertical length of a targeted object, and subsequently calculate the area covered by the object. Because of the advantages demonstrated, the proposed system can be used for large-area measurements. For example, we can use this system to measure the size of the gap in the embankments during flooding, or the actual area affected by the landslides. Other applications include the surveying of ecosystems by inspecting how widely spread is a certain type of life form. For places which are difficult or impossible to reach, this system can be particularly useful in performing area measurements. Experiments conducted in this paper have indicated that different shooting distances and angles do not affect the measuring results.
Disentangling redshift-space distortions and non-linear bias using the 2D power spectrum

We present the nonlinear 2D galaxy power spectrum, P(k, µ), in redshift space, measured from the Dark Sky simulations, using galaxy catalogs constructed with both halo occupation distribution and subhalo abundance matching methods, chosen to represent an intermediate redshift sample of luminous red galaxies. We find that the information content in individual µ (cosine of the angle to the line of sight) bins is substantially richer then multipole moments, and show that this can be used to isolate the impact of nonlinear growth and redshift space distortion (RSD) effects. Using the µ 0.2 to constrain the growth rate and show that f can be constrained to ~ 26(22)% to a kmax < 0.4(0.6)hMpc-1 from clustering alone using a simple dispersion model, for amore » range of galaxy models. Our analysis of individual µ bins also reveals interesting physical effects which arise simply from different methods of populating halos with galaxies. We also find a prominent turnaround scale, at which RSD damping effects are greater then the nonlinear growth, which differs not only for each µ bin but also for each galaxy model. These features may provide unique signatures which could be used to shed light on the galaxy–dark matter connection. Furthermore, the idea of separating nonlinear growth and RSD effects making use of the full information in the 2D galaxy power spectrum yields significant improvements in constraining cosmological parameters and may be a promising probe of galaxy formation models.« less
Prescription drug coverage and chronic pain

Chronic pain is one of the most common chronic conditions affecting more than 50 % of older adults. While pain management can be quite complex, prescription drugs are the most commonly used treatment modality. In this study, I examine whether increased access to prescription drugs due to the introduction of the Medicare Part D program in 2006 led to better management of pain among the elderly. While prior work has identified increases in the utilization of analgesics due to the introduction of Medicare Part D, the extent to which this increase in drug use actually improved the well-being of older adults is not known. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, I employ a difference-in-differences strategy that compares pre versus post 2006 changes in pain related outcomes between Medicare eligible persons and a younger ineligible group. I find that Medicare Part D significantly reduced pain related activity limitations among a sample of older adults who report being troubled by pain.
The Yunnan Myth

The diplomats, business men and publicists who were actively engaged in the penetration and exploitation of China during the latter part of the nineteenth century most frequently offered economic explanations for their actions. References to the commercial opportunities to be found in China appear with almost wearisome repetition in diplomatic correspondence, in treaties and conventions and in the press. Armed with a more complete knowledge of the situation, recent commentators upon European imperialism in China have been prone to discount this interest, and it is true that the China trade did receive notice that was out of proportion to its importance. However, the wisdom of hindsight may sometimes be misleading and unless we know the general opinion of the China market as it was expressed in the eighteen-eighties and eighteen-nineties the strong interest displayed both by governments and individuals in tapping that market is largely incomprehensible to us.
Getting Started with Paradox 5.0 for Windows

From the Publisher: A step-by-step, hands-on introduction to this powerful yet remarkably straightforward database tool. Each lesson uses eight key elements to help students master specific database concepts and skills and develop the ability to apply them in the future. The steps for completing each Paradox feature are clearly described in a bulleted list and then used in a hands-on activity. The Feature Reference at the book's end summarizes menu commands plus mouse and keyboard shortcuts for each of the tasks covered.
Giant recurrent intrathoracic goitre treated by clamshell thoracotomy and reverse sternotomy.

A 59-year-old man with a giant recurrent intrathoracic goitre was admitted for completion thyroidectomy for recurrent severe retrosternal pain. The patient had undergone a cervical thyroidectomy elsewhere 13 years earlier, during which only the cervical part of the goitre had been resected. Owing to the previous operation with an expected scar around the innominate vein, and the goitre9s size and localisation obstructing the upper chest aperture, we chose an alternate access. Clamshell thoracotomy with reverse sternotomy allows central vascular control and excision of large goitres bypassing predictable problems at the cervicothoracic junction. Surgery was performed with minimal blood loss and with excellent functional outcome. The described access adds to the repertoire to deal with this unusual situation.
Alteration of Hawaiian basalts under sulfur-rich conditions: Applications to understanding surface-atmosphere interactions on Mars and Venus

A suite of Hawaiian basalts that were variably altered in the presence of SO 2 -rich gases during the current summit eruptive episode at Halemaumau crater, Kilauea, were studied to determine their alteration phase assemblage and reactive pathways using electron microscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The alteration conditions represent an acid fog environment. Alteration rinds on the basalts vary in thickness from tens of micrometers to the entirety of the rock and are composed of amorphous silica rims (85–95 wt% SiO 2 ) overlain by sulfates. Sulfate mineralogy consisted of gypsum, anhydrite, and natroalunite-jarosite. No phyllosilicates were observed in any alteration assemblages. Phenocrysts and glass were both observed to be extensively reacted during alteration. The Halemaumau samples may provide good analogs for basalt alteration on other rocky planetary bodies, i.e., Mars, Venus, and Mercury, where S is ubiquitous and low fluid/rock ratios are common.
Evolution and Gender: Why It Matters for Contemporary Life

Part I: Introduction Chapter 1: Evolutionary theory and the Sociology of Gender- A bad beginning Part II: Sex Differences in Evolved Mating Strategies Chapter 2: Gender and evolution Chapter 3: Women's evolved long term mating strategies Chapter 4: Men's evolved long term mating strategies Chapter 5: What is beauty? Why do we want it? Chapter 6: Sex differences in short term sexual strategies Part III. Women and Men Chapter 7: Evolutionary origins of patriarchy: Societal control of women through the ages Chapter 8: Physiological differences between the sexes Chapter 9: Cognitive differences between the sexes Chapter 10: An evolutionary view of the reproductive lifecourse of women Chapter 11: Sex differences in aggression and criminality Chapter 12: Sex differences in status striving Chapter 13: Gender and emotion Part IV. Implications of Sex Differences Chapter 14: Parental strategies: Differences by child's gender Chapter 15: Boys and girls in school Chapter 16: Conflict between the sexes Chapter 17: But can they talk it out? Problems of communication Chapter 18: Conclusion
Creativity Counts: Why Study Abroad Matters to Technical and Professional Communication

Technical communication programs preparing students to perform as symbolic analytic workers can improve a student's creative problem-solving abilities by offering study-abroad opportunities. Newer research from the field of psychology is used as a conceptual framework for discussing the author's development of curriculum for a study-abroad offering within a professional writing program. Details on the study-abroad curriculum proposal such as course assignments, readings, credit hours, and program destination and logistics are included.
Sulfate-bridged dimeric trinuclear copper(II)-pyrazolate complex with three different terminal ligands.

The reaction of CuSO4·5H2O, 4-chloro­pyrazole (4-Cl-pzH) and tri­ethyl­amine (Et3N) in di­methyl­formamide (DMF) produced crystals of di­aqua­hexa­kis­(μ-4-chloro­pyrazolato-κ2N:N′)bis­(N,N-di­methyl­formamide)di-μ3-hydroxido-bis­(μ4-sulfato-κ4O:O′:O′′:O′′)hexa­copper(II) N,N-di­methyl­formamide tetra­solvate dihydrate, [Cu3(OH)(SO4)(C3H2ClN2)3(C3H7NO)(H2O)]2·4C3H7NO·2H2O. The centrosymmetric dimeric molecule consists of two trinuclear copper–pyrazolate units bridged by two sulfate ions. The title compound provides the first example of a trinuclear copper–pyrazolate complex with three different terminal ligands on the Cu atoms, and also the first example of such complex with a strongly binding basal sulfate ion. Within each trinuclear unit, the CuII atoms are bridged by μ-pyrazolate groups and a central μ3-OH group, and are coordinated by terminal sulfate, H2O and DMF ligands, respectively. Moreover, the sulfate O atoms coordinate at the apical position to the Cu atoms of the symmetry-related unit, providing square–pyramidal coordination geometry around each copper cation. The metal complex and solvent mol­ecules are involved in O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to a two-dimensional network parallel to (10-1).
A Protective Process Model of Parent-Child Affective Quality and Child Mastery Effects on Oppositional Behaviors: A Test and Replication

Abstract This article examines a model of the effects of parent-child affective quality and young adolescent sense of mastery on young adolescent oppositional behaviors. In addition to a direct effect of sense of mastery on oppositional behaviors, the model includes direct and indirect effects of parent-child affective quality on those behaviors, as well as across-time effects of oppositional behaviors on affective quality. Because the data were obtained from family competency-building intervention studies, the model controls for family attendance in the intervention. Results from covariance structure modeling, using data from a sample of families participating in an initial intervention study ( n = 171), generally supported the hypothesized model. The model was then tested with an independent sample of 361 families. Results from the second sample were consistent with results from the initial model test.
Viral Growth in a Small Nonprofit Organization: A Case Study About the Nexus of Governance, Accountability, and Organizational Development

Invisible Children is a U.S.-based, international nonprofit organization located in San Diego, California. The organization was founded in 2004, and between 2009 and 2012, the organization’s revenue rose dramatically in large part because of a video that “went viral” on social media. The story of Invisible Children as narrated by the organization’s IRS Forms 990 is a powerful case study for nonprofit students, staff, and board members. The activity described in this article allows students to engage directly with IRS Form 990 data and to experience firsthand the connection between data presented on this form and a nonprofit organization’s reputation. The case also allows for rich discussions about the nexus and interplay of nonprofit governance, regulation, transparency, and organizational development.
Efficient Genome Editing in the Oomycete Phytophthora sojae Using CRISPR/Cas9

Phytophthora is a filamentous fungus-like microorganism, but belongs to the oomycetes, in the kingdom Stramenopila. Phytophthora species are notorious as plant destroyers, causing multibillion-dollar damage to agriculture and natural ecosystems worldwide annually. For a long time, genome editing has been unattainable in oomycetes, because of their extremely low rate of homologous recombination. The recent implementation of the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated) system in the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae, an experimental model for oomycetes, has opened up a powerful new research capability for the oomycete community. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in P. sojae, including single guide RNA (sgRNA) design and construction, efficient gene replacement, and mutant-screening strategies. This protocol should be generally applicable for most culturable oomycetes. We also describe an optimized transformation method that is useful for other Phytophthora spp. including P. capsici and P. parasitica. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reduced Tissue Factor Expression in Rat Prostate Tumor Cells Limits Tumor Development in Vivo.

Many tumors express procoagulant activities that contribute to the hemostatic complications associated with cancer. Tumor coagulant activities include tissue factor (TF) and cancer procoagulant (CP), a cysteine protease that activates Factor X. In current models of hemostasis, TF is critical in the initiation of coagulation following vascular injury as TF expressed on cells within the vessel wall complexes with blood-borne coagulation Factor VIIa to activate FX and FIX. In addition, TF transported to a growing thrombus by blood-borne microparticles binds FVIIa and contributes to thrombus propagation and stabilization. Recently, TF as well as other coagulation factors have been implicated in a variety of non-hemostatic processes including inflammation, angiogenesis, vascular development and cancer. To study the role of TF in tumor development we down-regulated TF expression in a prostate tumor cell line developed from the Lobund-Wistar (LW) rat. The LW rat combines histologic features of prostate cancer with the clinical features resembling clinical human disease; androgen-modulated growth, age-dependent spontaneous onset, and metastatic potential. Autochthonous tumors develop spontaneously or can be induced by treatment with MNU and testosterone. In addition, a cloned cell line from a spontaneous LW prostate tumor, PA-3, provides a transplantable tumor model. PA-3 cells were transfected with a series of plasmids expressing hairpin siRNAs designed to interfere with TF expression. The plasmids contained a U6-hairpin siRNA expression cassette, a neoR gene and EGFP. Cloned stable transformants of PA-3 cells expressing a siRNA corresponding to positions 260–278 of rat TF mRNA, PA-3[797], reliably reduced TF expression by 65% compared to control clonal PA-3 transformants, PA-3[776], expressing neoR and EGFP but no siRNA. To test the consequences of reduced TF on tumor development in vivo, 4 independently isolated PA-3[797] cell lines and 4 independently isolated PA-3[776] control lines were injected subcutaneously into LW rats (3 rats per cell line). Ten of the 12 rats injected with control cells developed detectable tumors 4 weeks post transplantation (tumor mass = 2.2g +/− 1.8g). In contrast, only 1 of the 12 rats receiving the low TF expressing PA-3[797] cells developed a small tumor (0.07 gm) suggesting TF expression is required for tumorigenesis.
Latino Small Businesses and the American Dream: Community Social Work Practice and Economic Development, by Delgado, M.

In Latino Small Businesses and the American Dream: Community Social Work Practice and Economic Development, Melvin Delgado provides a data-driven, theoretically-grounded foundation for the mobiliza...
How Could Nurse Researchers Apply Theory to Generate Knowledge More Efficiently

Background Reports of nursing research often do not provide adequate information about whether, and how, researchers applied theory when conducting their studies. Unfortunately, the lack of adequate application and explication of theory in research impedes development of knowledge to guide nursing practice. Objectives To clarify and exemplify how to apply theory in research. Methods First we describe how researchers can apply theory in phases of research. Then we share examples of how three research teams applied one theory to these phases of research in three different studies of preventive behaviors. Conclusions Nurse researchers can review and refine ways in which they apply theory in guiding research and writing publications. Scholars can appreciate how one theory can guide researchers in building knowledge about a given condition such as preventive behaviors. Clinicians and researchers can collaborate to apply and examine the usefulness of theory. Clinical Relevance If nurses had improved understanding of theory-guided research, they could better assess, select, and apply theory-guided interventions in their practices.
Characteristics of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients With Plasma Cell Disorders

Abstract Background Although increased rates of vitamin B12 deficiency have been reported in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs), no mechanism has been identified. Excess free light chains (FLCs) could disrupt the renal proximal tubule receptors where B12 is reabsorbed. We sought to characterize the relationship between B12 deficiency and PCDs. We hypothesized that rates of B12 deficiency would be highest in patients with PCDs with high FLC burdens. Methods We reviewed the electronic medical records of 501 patients who met inclusion criteria (diagnosed PCD with documented serum B12 and FLC levels) to obtain clinical data recorded prior to patients' lowest B12 levels. Results Overall, 20.0% of patients had low vitamin B12. There was an expected negative correlation between estimated glomular filtration rate and FLC (rs = −0.317; P Conclusion Higher FLC burden was associated with poor kidney function but not with low B12. Low B12 was seen more commonly in patients with preserved kidney function. Mean corpuscular volume was statistically but not clinically different between patients with low and normal B12 and, therefore, may not be a reliable indicator of B12 deficiency in PCDs. Prospective studies should compare B12 metabolites with FLC levels. Detection of B12 deficiency among patients with PCDs remains important to reduce neurologic dysfunction and cytopenias, sequelae common to B12 deficiency and PCDs.
Quercetin Targets hnRNPA1 to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer Cells

Prostate cancer remains dependent on androgen receptor signaling even after castration. Aberrant androgen receptor signaling in castration resistant prostate cancer is mediated by mechanisms such as alterations in the androgen receptor and activation of interacting signaling pathways. Clinical evidence confirms that resistance to the next generation anti-androgen, enzalutamide, may be mediated to a large extent by alternative splicing of the androgen receptor to generate constitutively active splice variants such as AR-V7. The splice variants AR-V7 and Arv567es have been implicated in the resistance to not only enzalutamide, but also to abiraterone and other conventional therapeutics such as taxanes. Numerous studies including ours suggest that splicing factors such as hnRNPA1 promote the generation of AR-V7, thus contributing to enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we discovered that quercetin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, reduces the expression of hnRNPA1, and consequently, that of AR-V7. The suppression of AR-V7 by quercetin resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to treatment with enzalutamide. Our results indicate that quercetin downregulates hnRNPA1 expression, downregulates the expression of AR-V7, antagonizes androgen receptor signaling, and resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide treatment in vivo in mouse xenografts. These findings demonstrate that suppressing the alternative splicing of the androgen receptor may have important implications in overcoming the resistance to next-generation anti-androgen therapy.
Teachers’ Cognitive Interpretation of U.S. Global Education Initiatives:

Scholars and policymakers in the United States argue that developing global competence is essential to preparing K-12 students for the increasingly interconnected and interdependent world. Given th...
Client dependence and vendor innovation: The moderating role of organizational culture

Abstract With the dramatic increase in technological interconnectedness between firms and the overall speed of technological change, organizations depend on each other to survive and stay competitive. While it is generally believed that dyads and networks can offer advantages over internal development in the innovation process, the authors suggest that it is not necessarily the case. Using a sample of 120 vendor firms that work in information technology industries in the Indian subcontinent, they find that client dependence in the inter-organizational relationship decreases vendor innovation. To resolve this dark side of business relationships, they further examine how the organizational culture can impact the dependence-innovation relationship. In line with organization literature, the authors distinguish two sub-dimensions of outcome-oriented culture: performance orientation, which reflects a firm's internal focus on employee performance, and competitiveness, which reflects a firm's focus on external competitors and markets. It is found that a vendor's competitiveness facilitates innovation, and that it weakens the negative effect of client dependence on vendor innovation. However, performance orientation strengthens the negative effect of client dependence on vendor innovation. Accordingly, in order to prevent themselves from falling into the dependence trap in the innovation process, firms need to build an externally oriented competitive culture and avoid overemphasizing their internal performance.
On the equivalence of Bayesian and deterministic dominant strategy implementation

In a symmetric single object allocation mechanism with n agents, we identify a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an equivalent deterministic dominant strategy incentive compatible mechanism for a given Bayesian incentive compatible mechanism.
The Use of Individual Provider Performance Reports by US Hospitals.

Medicare reimbursement for hospitals is increasingly tied to performance. The use of individual provider performance reports offers the potential to improve clinical outcomes through social comparison, and isolated cases of clinical dashboard uses at specific institutions have been previously reported. However, little is known about overall trends in how hospitals use the electronic health record to track and provide feedback on provider performance. We used data from 2013 to 2015 from the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey Information Technology Supplement, which asked hospitals if they have used electronic data to create performance profiles. We linked these data to AHA Annual Survey responses for all general adult and pediatric hospitals. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the odds of use as a function of hospital characteristics. In 2015, 65.8% of the 2,334 respondents used performance profiles, whereas 59.3% of the 2,077 respondents used them in 2013. Report use was associated with nonprofit status (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94–3.95) compared to for-profit, large hospital size (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.56–3.60) compared to small size, highest quartile of bed-adjusted expenditures compared to bottom quartile (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.55–2.82; P < .01), and participation in a health maintenance organization (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.90; P < .01) or bundled payment program (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.19; P < .01). While a majority of hospitals now use such profiles, more than a third do not. The hospitals that do not use performance profiles may be less well positioned to adapt to value-based payment reforms.
Outcomes of metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) with sarcomatoid features (SF).

678Background: ChRCC makes up 5-10% of RCC subtypes and is generally thought to confer favorable prognosis. Presence of SF on histologic review can occur in any RCC subtype and is considered a hall...
Approximate inference in probabilistic graphical models with determinism

In the proposed thesis, we study a special class of belief networks which contain both probabilistic and deterministic information. Deterministic information occurs as zero probabilities in the belief network. A majority of the work in the belief network community (see for example papers in conferences like UAI, AAAI, IJCAI and NIPS) addresses probabilistic inference tasks under the assumption that the underlying joint distribution represented by the belief network is strictly positive i.e. devoid of any determinism. The positivity assumption is problematic because (a) modeling many real-world problems such as genetic linkage analysis (Fishelson & Geiger 2003) requires that the inference method reason with both probabilistic and deterministic information and (b) inference is harder in presence of determinism or extreme probabilities (Dagum & Luby 1993). The purpose of the proposed thesis is to study both the representational and algorithmic issues involved in modeling deterministic information along with the usual probabilistic information in a belief network.
Monitoring Response to Supplemental Services for Students at Risk for Reading Difficulties: High and Low Responders

Sharon Vaughn, PhD, is the H. E. Hartfelder/Southland Corp Regent Chair at The University of Texas at Austin. srvaughnum@aol.com Jeanne Wanzek, PhD, is a Research Associate with the Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts at The University of Texas at Austin. jwanzek@aol.com Sylvia Linan-Thompson is an Associate Professor of Special Education at The University of Texas at Austin. sylvialt@mail.utexas.edu Christy S. Murray, MA, is a Senior Research Coordinator with the Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts at The University of Texas at Austin. christymurry@austin.utexas.edu
Shallow cumulus macrophysical properties at midcontinental US site: integrated multiyear active and passive observations

Substantial difference between cloud amounts obtained from active and passive remote sensing has been documented by previous studies. The difference is typically attributed to two main factors: the different field-of-view (FOV) (first factor) and different sensitivity to cloud properties (second factor) of the active and passive ground-based instruments. The relative impact of these two main factors on shallow cumuli cloud amount is demonstrated in this study. The demonstration involves a new multi-year (2000-2017) product, which integrates both the active and passive remote sensing data collected at the mid-continental Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility. Cloud fraction (CF) obtained from the narrow-FOV lidar-radar observations and wide-FOV fractional sky cover (FSC) acquired from sky images are key components of the integrated product. Results of this study indicate that (1) CF tends to overestimate FSC and this overestimation can be large (~40% on average) even at extended temporal scales (several years) and (2) the observed overestimate is primarily due to different sensitivity of the active and passive remote sensing instruments to shallow cumuli, while the limited FOV of active remote sensing instruments plays a minor role in such overestimation.
Orientational Pair Correlations in a Dipolar Molecular Liquid: Time-Resolved Resonant and Nonresonant Pump–Probe Spectroscopies

Orientational pair correlations (OPCs), when they are sufficiently strong in a liquid, contain information on the interplay between structure and dynamics that arise from intermolecular interactions. Consequently, the quantification of OPCs remains a subject of substantial interest in current experimental and theoretical works. In the case of benzonitrile, the importance of OPCs remains ambiguous, owing to the use of model-dependent analyses or reliance on a single spectroscopic technique. Here, IR polarization-selective pump–probe (PSPP) and optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE) experiments were used to quantify OPCs in benzonitrile. These methods measure single molecule and collective orientational relaxation dynamics, respectively. A comparison of the orientational correlation function (PSPP) of the naturally abundant 13CN stretching mode and the polarizability anisotropy relaxation (OHD-OKE) of the liquid revealed that the collective reorientation time was a factor of 1.56 ± 0.08 s...
Disability Insurance Beneficiaries with Visual Impairments in Vocational Rehabilitation: Socio-Demographic Influences on Employment

IntroductionGiven mutual concerns of vocational rehabilitation and the Social Security Administration, our purpose was to evaluate the effect of current individual and economic factors on competiti...
Caste and sex differences in cold-hardiness in the social wasps, Polistes annularis and P. exclamans (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Elevated fructose, glucose and trehalose levels were found inPolistes exclamans andP. annularis after exposure to cold. Glycerol was found only after extensive exposure to cold or in mid-winter. InP. exclamans mean supercooling points (SCP) decreased to a low of −12.9° C in February. InP. annularis SCP were never below −6.8° C in the field, but laboratory acclimation at +5° C resulted in SCP of −10.7° C. Freezing was lethal to adultPolistes under all circumstances. Workers and future queens were separated on the basis of the appearance of their fat bodies. ForP. exclamans, only 17 % of the future queens died during 15 days at +5° C (N=29) while 76 % of the workers died during identical cold exposure (N=45). The surviving future queens had elevated cryoprotectant levels consisting mainly of fructose in their hemolymph, while the few workers that survived did not. These experiments indicate that there are physiological differences between workers and future queens inPolistes collected in autumn and that fat body appearance determined using non-invasive techniques is a reliable indicator of caste. Males were similar to future queens in their response to cold indicating that autumn mating activity may extend into winter.
Age and Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Risk of Maternal Anemia among the Ariaal Agropastoralists of Northern Kenya

Anemia, a leading health issue affecting mothers globally, is generally prevalent among agropastoral populations. Previous research has been inconclusive regarding maternal age as a risk factor of anemia. Drawing on the models that recognize the important interaction between age and wealth, (Age-as-Leveler (AGL) and Cumulative Advantage/Disadvantage (CAD)) we evaluated whether age was a predictor for anemia and whether the effect of age depended on socioeconomic status (SES) among sedentary Ariaal agropastoralists in northern Kenya. Using archival data from 234 breastfeeding mothers, we created logistic regression models to estimate the relative importance of risk factors for mothers developing anemia. Our results suggest that in this ecological context, young mothers may have an increased risk of anemia if poor, while older mothers may have a lower risk regardless of SES. The observed pattern may be due to age-based differences in labor requirements or amount of help received for subsistence/household activities, and to attenuated SES-health associations owing to pervasive food sharing.
IoT based Urban Noise Monitoring in Deep Learning using Historical Reports

In this paper, we propose a new Internet of things (IoT) solution, called the Urban Noise Monitoring (UNM) system, which can classify real-time environmental audio sound using an embedded system such as Raspberry pi 4 and log the data in the Google Cloud. The reported events will be available for future usage, i.e., selection of the safe area for living. The real-time audio classification has been a big challenge for deep learning in environmental sounds due to the high noisy nature of sound. We have implemented a real-time IoT system for urban sound classification and monitored the historical reports generated. We have developed an advanced fusion method using normalization techniques such as peak, RMS, and EBU and an efficient data augmentation method using various factors, including time stretch, pitch shifting, and dynamic range compression. Further, we have integrated the normalization and the augmentation methods into 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the TensorFlow framework on Raspberry pi 4 for urban sound classification. Our classification model outperformed the state of the art performance: 95% accuracy with the Urban sound dataset. The outstanding performance confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method on the IoT system for urban noise monitoring.
'Roundtable Discussion of International Human Rights Standards in the United States: The Case of Religion and Belief,' Excerpted in Bürgerrecht und Religion III. Nordamerika

The United States Constitution (1787) and its twenty-seven amendments (1791- 1992) prohibit governmental deprivations of life, liberty, and property without due process of law; guarantee equal protection of the law and freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly; provide procedural protections in criminal and civil trials; and maintain affirmative rights to vote and to hold public office. Since 1950, these constitutional guarantees of civil rights have been greatly embellished through federal legislation and adjudication. The most important legislation is the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 to 1965, and their amendments, which outlaw public and private discrimination on the basis of religion, race, color, sex, or national origin in voting, education, employment, public services and accommodations, and other contexts. More than 1,000 Supreme Court cases since 1950 have interpreted these constitutional and statutory guarantees expansively, and extended them to protect "fundamental rights" to welfare, education, travel, and sexual privacy.
Ridge Preservation Procedures: Review of Current Literature

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures have become one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in dentistry, due to increased demand for dental implant therapy. Previous studies have repeatedly shown a naturally healed socket could lose up to 50% of its buccolingual width, which in turn would negatively impact the future implant placement. ARP procedures have been shown to consistently reduce the amount of post-extraction horizontal and vertical bone loss; however, it is still not conclusive which biomaterial or technique is the most superior. The purpose of this article is to review current evidence on various ARP procedures. The electronic database search was limited to the past 3 years (publication dates between January 1, 2017, and February 29, 2020) and to human clinical studies (including controlled clinical trials and randomized controlled trials) investigating dimensional changes in alveolar sockets after various ARP techniques with outcomes measured from 3 to 6 months postoperatively. A total of 31 articles were reviewed, with approximately half of the selected studies using bovine (14) bone substitutes. Other biomaterials used in the studies included porcine bone substitutes, allografts (both freeze-dried and solvent-dehydrated), alloplasts (biphasic calcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite), biologics (platelet-rich fibrin and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2), collagen and high-density polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, and micro-titanium stent. Collagenated deproteinized bovine bone matrix (DBBM-C) was the most studied biomaterial in the past 3 years. Most studies showed DBBM-C plus barrier membranes resulted in comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes with DBBM and allografts. Consistent with previous studies, most of the ARP procedures reviewed in this article demonstrated effective reduction of alveolar ridge dimensional changes. Based on the selected articles and recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis, ARP procedure using bovine and porcine xenografts, as well as allografts, in conjunction with either collagen membranes or high-density polytetrafluoroethylene membranes gives similar results and should be considered when indicated.