cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CpG methylation of promoter region inactivates E-cadherin gene in renal cell carcinoma.

CpG methylation in the promoter region has been shown to be important in the regulation of genes implicated in malignant transformation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that CpG methylation of the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene may inactivate its expression in renal cell carcinoma. To test this hypothesis, five kidney cancer cell lines and 34 microdissected renal cell carcinoma samples were analyzed for gene and protein expression by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. CpG methylation in the promoter regions of the E-cadherin gene was analyzed by the sodium bisulfite genome sequencing technique. Our results show that all normal renal tissue expressed the E-cadherin gene and protein. Of the renal cancer tissues analyzed, 67% (23 of 34) lacked E-cadherin expression, with an associated increase in methylation, compared with normal tissue. E-cadherin gene promoter was methylated in all renal cancer cell lines and was accompanied by a loss of E-cadherin gene and protein expression. The treatment of renal cancer cell lines with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine restored E-cadherin mRNA expression in all renal cancer cell lines. This is the first report that shows inactivation of the E-cadherin gene and protein in renal cell carcinoma through CpG hypermethylation in the promoter region of this gene. The results of these experiments may contribute to an understanding of the role of E-cadherin inactivation in renal cell carcinoma. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the application of the IMOMO (integrated molecular orbital + molecular orbital) method

Five years ago Morokuma and colleagues introduced the IMOMO method, which integrates two molecular orbital methods into one calculation. Since then, the method has been expanded in several ways; it has been generalized to consider up to three methods, and has been unified as the ONIOM method to include both MO and MM combinations. In this review we present the history of the method, a number of chemical problems that we have studied, how to assess IMOMO combinations and partitionings, and our latest efforts that take the method beyond the conventional investigation of ground state energy surfaces. In particular, we emphasize the importance of the S-value test for validation of the ONIOM method/model combinations. The method combination depends much on the properties and accuracies required. Generally speaking, however, if the target level is CCSD(T) or G2, the best choice of low level is MP2. If MP2 or DFT is the target level, HF or eventually semiempirical MO methods are good choices of low level. These methods can be further combined with an outer-most layer of the MM level. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 1419–1432, 2000
Articulating and Responding to Uncertainties in Clinical Research

This paper introduces taxonomy of clinical uncertaintes and argues that the choice of scientific method should match the underlying level of uncertainty. Clinical trial is one of these methods aiming to resolve clinical uncertainties. Whenever possible these uncertainties should be quantified. The paper further shows that the still ongoing debate about the usage of "equipoise" vs. "uncertainty principle" vs. "indifference" as an entry criterion to clinical trials actually refers to the question "whose uncertainty counts". This question is intimately linked to the control of research agenda, which is not quantifiable and hence is not solvable to equal acceptability to all interested parties. The author finally shows that there is a predictable relation between [acknowledgement of] uncertainty (the moral principle) on which trials are based and the ultimate outcomes of clinical trials. That is, [acknowledgement of] uncertainty determines a pattern of success in medicine and drives clinical discoveries.
The antipsoriatic compound anthralin influences bioenergetic parameters and redox properties of energy transducing membranes.

Bioenergetic parameters and redox properties of energy transducing membranes in rat liver mitochondria and cyano-bacteria were investigated in the presence of the antipsoriatic compound anthralin (1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrone). Transmembrane pH and electrical gradients were determined using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In mitochondria, ubiquinones 9,10 and other redox components of the electron transport chain are reduced by anthralin; the proton motive force is increased. In the absence of ADP, anthralin slightly stimulates mitochondrial cyanide-insensitive oxygen consumption. It is suggested that increased cyanide-insensitive respiration is due to enhanced autoxidation of mitochondrial components and/or catalyzed oxidation of anthralin. In the presence of ADP mitochondrial respiration is decreased, and ATP synthesis is inhibited. Uncoupler-induced mitochondrial respiration is also decreased by anthralin, indicating inhibition of the electron transport chain. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 6311 anthralin increases the pH gradient and decreases ATP levels. Thus, anthralin acts as an electron donor to membrane associated redox components and inhibits ATP synthesis in two different biologic systems. In human keratinocytes oxygen metabolism is influenced by anthralin in a similar pattern as in isolated mitochondria, and ATP content is decreased. Because anthralin reacts with redox components in different biologic membranes, alterations of subcellular/cellular redox status and energy metabolism might contribute significantly to its antiproliferative activity.
Schizophrenia: Gender and familial risk

Abstract The morbid risks for schizophrenia and any nonaffective psychosis in the first degree relatives of male and female schizophrenic probands were compared utilizing Cox proportional hazards models. The schizophrenic probands (275 male; 106 female) were drawn from a larger sample of hospitalized patients obtained by systematically screening all psychiatric admissions to 15 facilities over a six-year period. Proband diagnoses (DSM-III) were based on a direct assessment of the patient and a review of medical records. The family history method was used to obtain information about the first degree relatives of the probands. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for duration of illness of the proband and gender of the relatives. First degree relatives of female probands had significantly higher morbid risks for schizophrenia and nonaffective phychosis than relatives of male probands. The differential risk for schizophrenia in the relatives of male and female probands demonstrated in this study, as well as others, suggests that males and females may be at different risk for subtypes of the disorder.
Microfabricated THz sheet beam vacuum electron devices

The current status of THz sheet beam coherent source development is presented, including theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation of the operational characteristics/performance, device component design, and emission/ life-time test results of synthesized nanocomposite cathodes. Advanced MEMS techniques using UV lithographic molding and ultra-precision CNC machining to realize the devices in the submillimeter wave regime are also discussed.
Synthesis of a [11C]Methoxy derivative of α-Dihydrotetrabenazine: a radioligand for studying the vesicular monoamine transporter

Abstract The synthesis of [11C]TBZOMe, a [11C]methoxy derivative at the 2-hydroxy position of α-dihydrotetrabenazine, was carried out by an O-[11C]methylation reaction. The product [11C]TBZOMe (100–200 mCi) was obtained in 15–40% radiochemical yield (corrected for decay) within 37 min, and in high specific activity (2000–2500 Ci/mmol) and radiochemical purity (>97%). [11C]TBZOMe is a potential new radioligand for studying the vesicular monoamine transporter using positron emission tomography.
Control of Leakage Resistance in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films by Donor Doping

Donor doping, with La and Nb, has been used successfully to improve the leakage resistance of Pb(Zr,Ti)O[sub 3] (PZT) films. Donor doping of Pb(Zr[sub 0.5]Ti[sub 0.5])O[sub 3] films has led to an improvement in the leakage resistance of over 2[1/2] orders of magnitude at elevated temperatures (T [>=] 100 C). The effect on leakage resistance is the same for the A-site (La) and B-site (Nb) dopants. However, the improvement is only about 1 order of magnitude near room temperature. This temperature effect is due to an increase in the transition temperature from a low activation energy mechanism to a higher activation energy mechanism. Similar improvements in leakage resistance have also been obtained by increasing the Pb concentration in the starting solution, which implies that Pb vacancies are the dominant acceptor species in the undoped films. In addition, donor doping has been effective in improving the electrical breakdown strength at elevated temperatures. Consequently, donor-doped PZT films have been shown to be superior to undoped films for applications requiring high leakage resistance, such as decoupling capacitors.
Analytical and numerical results for feedback based flow control of B-ISDN/ATM networks with significant propagation delays

We consider a system comprising of a single bottleneck node fed by multiple Markov modulated fluid sources each of which is policed by a corresponding access regulator that marks all excess traffic as well as drops some of the excess traffic. The amount of excess traffic released is varied dynamically based on delayed feedback from the bottleneck. We present analytical and numerical results for this model that allow us to study the role of delayed feedback vis-a-vis certain time constants and traffic parameters associated with the system. In particular we show that even for a large propagation delay such as that required for the length of the continental USA the feedback policy is more effective, though the relative improvement of the feedback policy decreases as the delay increases. We also find that the feedback policy is most effective when the sources are moderately bursty.
PAX-FOXO1 fusion status drives unfavorable outcome for children with rhabdomyosarcoma: A children's oncology group report

Background. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is divided into two major histological subtypes: alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS), with most ARMS expressing one of two oncogenic genes fusingPAX3 or PAX7 with FOXO1 (P3F and P7F, respectively). The Children’s Oncology Group (COG) carried out a multi-institutional clinical trial to evaluate the prognostic value of PAX-FOXO1 fusion status. Methods. Study participants were treated on COG protocol D9803 forintermediateriskARMSorERMSusingmulti-agentchemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Central diagnostic pathology review and molecular testing for fusion genes were carried out on prospectively collected specimens. Event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were correlated with histological subtype and PAX-FOXO1 status. Results. Of 616 eligible D9803 enrollees, 434 cases had adequate clinical, molecular, and pathology data for definitive classification as ERMS, ARMS P3Fþ or P7Fþ, or ARMSn (without detectable fusion). EFS was worse for those with ARMS P3Fþ (54%) and P7Fþ (65%) than those with ERMS (77%; P<0.001). EFS for ARMSn and ERMS were not statistically different (90% vs. 77%, P ¼0.15).ARMSP3FþhadpoorerOS(64%)thanARMSP7Fþ(87%), ARMSn (89%), and ERMS (82%; P ¼0.006). Conclusions. ARMSn has an outcome similar to ERMS and superior EFS compared to ARMS with either P3F or P7F, when given therapy designed for children with intermediate risk RMS. This prospective analysis supports incorporation of PAX-FOXO1 fusion status into risk stratification and treatment allocation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1411–1417. # 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epigenetic Regulation of WTH3 in Primary and Cultured Drug-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells

Previous studies showed that the WTH3 gene functioned as a negative regulator during multidrug resistance (MDR) development in vitro. To understand whether this gene is also involved in clinical drug resistance, hypermethylation at its promoter region observed in cultured MDR MCF7/AdrR cells was examined in primary drug-resistant breast cancer epithelial cells isolated from effusions of breast cancer patients. The results showed that this event also occurred in drug-resistant breast cancer epithelial cells and a newly induced drug-resistant cell line, MCF7/inR. Interestingly, we found that a CpG (CpG 23) that was close to the TATA-like box was constantly methylated in the WTH3 promoter of drug-resistant breast cancer epithelial and cultured MDR cells. Mutagenic study suggested that this CpG site had a functional effect on promoter activity. We also discovered that MCF7/AdrR cells treated with trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, exhibited higher WTH3, but lower MDR1, expression. A reverse correlation between WTH3 and MDR1 gene expression was also observed in MCF7/AdrR, and its non-MDR parental cell line, MCF7/WT. This result indicated that both DNA methylation and histone deacetylase could act in concert to inhibit WTH3 and consequently stimulate MDR1 expression. This hypothesis was supported by data obtained from introducing the WTH3 transgene into MDR cell lines, which reduced endogenous MDR1 expression. Therefore, our studies suggested that the behavior of WTH3 in primary drug-resistant breast cancer epithelial cells was similar to that in a model system where epigenetic regulation of the WTH3 gene was linked to the MDR phenotype.
Mixing Rocksalt and Wurtzite Structure Binary Nitrides to Form Novel Ternary Alloys: ScGaN and MnGaN

Combination of tetrahedral and octahedral based nitrides are explored. The two cases of MnGaN and ScGaN with low Mn and Sc fractions are examined. It is found that for the MnGaN case, the Mn is incorporated under N rich conditions with little lattice change. However, for the ScGaN case, the Sc is incorporated onto the Ga sites but with a local bond angle distortion.
Behavioral Treatment of Tourette Syndrome: Past, Present, and Future

Cook and Blacher (2007) provide the most comprehensive review to date of psychosocial treatments for patients with tic disorders and are to be congratulated for their fine effort. The authors’ conclusion that habit reversal treatment warrants designation as well established based on the American Psychological Association's Division 12 Task Force criteria should spur increased clinical and research interest in this treatment. However, to fully realize the promise of Cook and Blacher's findings, it is first necessary to understand the broad historical context surrounding the conceptualization and treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS), including fluctuating perceptions within the TS community about the efficacy and utility of psychosocial interventions. In related fashion, this commentary also addresses several barriers, some methodological and others based on historical misconceptions about psychological treatments, that have constrained greater acceptance of such interventions in the past. Finally, we present a model approach for the development and dissemination of evidence-based psychosocial treatments designed to facilitate maximal understanding and acceptance of these interventions by the TS treatment community.
Gender Differences in Schizophrenia on MRI Brain Scans

There are many reports of clinical and biological gender differences in schizophrenia. Gender differences in structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia have been reported on both computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. We present here a new MRI study of cerebral structures in schizophrenia. On the basis of previous findings, we hypothesized that schizophrenic males are more likely than females to show smaller brains and larger ventricles compared to their control counterparts. Our results indicated that the opposite was true: schizophrenic females, but not schizophrenic males, had smaller craniums and brains and larger lateral and third ventricles on MRI scans. The possible significance and implications of these data are discussed.
Thermally induced birefringence in Faraday devices made from terbium gallium garnet-polycrystalline ceramics

We have developed a model that describes thermally induced birefringence in polycrystalline ceramics that are exposed to a magnetic field. Conditions under which traditional compensation techniques (for glass and single crystals) can be effective for ceramics have been found. It is shown that a ceramic is almost equivalent to a [111]-oriented crystal if the ratio of the rod length to the grain size is ∼300 or more. In particular, residual depolarization (after the compensation techniques are applied) is inversely proportional to this ratio, which is an important consequence of the random nature of thermally induced birefringence in ceramics.
Synaptic Targets of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in the Central Nervous System

The availability of potent synthetic agonists for cannabinoid receptors has facilitated our understanding of cannabinoid actions on synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Moreover, the ability of these compounds to inhibit neurotransmitter release at many central synapses is thought to underlie most of the behavioral effects of cannabinoid agonists. However, despite the widespread use and misuse of marijuana, and recognition of its potential adverse psychological effects in humans, comparatively few studies have examined the actions of its primary psychoactive constituent, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), at well-defined synaptic pathways. Here we examine the recent literature describing the effects of acute and repeated THC exposure on synaptic function in several brain regions and explore the importance of these neurobiological actions of THC in drug addiction.
A new motion parameter estimation algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform

This paper presents a novel motion parameter estimation (ME) algorithm based on the spatio-temporal continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The multidimensional nature of the CWT allows for the definition of a multitude of energy densities by integrating over a subset of the CWT parameter space. Three energy densities are used to estimate motion parameters by sequentially optimizing a state vector composed of velocity, position, and size parameters. This optimization is performed on a frame-by-frame basis allowing the algorithm to track moving objects. The ME algorithm is designed to address real world challenges encountered in the defense industry and traffic monitoring scenarios, such as attaining robust performance in noise and handling obscuration and crossing object trajectories.
Transformational developments at the interface of race, sport, and the collegiate athletic arms race in the age of globalization.

This essay includes a survey and analysis of social, cultural and political factors and forces contouring and configuring the state and trajectory of African-American Sports involvement as we enter the second decade of the 21st Century. These factors include the circumstances and conditions of the traditional Black community; Black educational challenges; the issue of race, justice, and power; and the “collegiate athletic arms race” in the age of globalization in sport and society.
The Halo Effect in Business Risk Audits: Can Strategic Risk Assessment Bias Auditor Judgment about Accounting Details?

Many auditors use an audit methodology that requires a strategic risk assessment of their client's business model as a first step for assessing audit risks. This study examines whether the holistic perspective that auditors acquire in making a strategic risk assessment influences the extent to which they adjust account‐level risk assessments when they encounter changes in accounts that are inconsistent with information about client operations. Based on halo theory from the performance evaluation literature, we hypothesize that auditors who (1) perform (do not perform) strategic assessment, and (2) develop favorable (unfavorable) strategic risk assessments, are less (more) likely to adjust account‐level risk assessments for inconsistent fluctuations. Data from two laboratory experiments using experienced auditors support both hypotheses. Findings suggest that the halo effect generated during strategic assessment influences judgment by altering auditor tolerance for inconsistent fluctuations.
Effect of a Selected Lactobacillus Spp.-Based Probiotic on Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis-Infected Broiler Chicks

Abstract The effect of a Lactobacillus spp.–based probiotic (FM-B11TM) on Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) recovery was evaluated in liquid (Expt. 1) and lyophilized (Expt. 2) forms in two separate experiments with two trials each. For each trial, 80 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into two treatments: control and probiotic culture. All chicks were challenged with SE (∼104 colony-forming units [cfu]) upon arrival at our laboratory. In both experiments, probiotic culture was administered in the drinking water for 3 consecutive days at a final concentration of approximately 106 cfu/ml, beginning 1 hr after SE challenge. Cecal tonsils were aseptically removed at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge, followed by enrichment and plating on xylose lactose deoxycholate (XLD) agar for the presence or absence of Salmonella-typical colonies. In Expt. 1, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in SE-positive samples was observed in both trials at 24 and 72 hr postchallenge. Additionally, in Expt. 2, the lyophiliz...
Infiltration frequency on Ralston Creek watershed

The frequency of occurrence of infiltration rates as indicated by an infiltration index was computed from the records of the Ralston Creek watershed near Iowa City, Iowa.
Food Insecurity Among Homeless and Marginally Housed Individuals Living with HIV/AIDS in San Francisco

Food insecurity is a risk factor for both HIV transmission and worse HIV clinical outcomes. We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with food insecurity among homeless and marginally housed HIV-infected individuals in San Francisco recruited from the Research on Access to Care in the Homeless Cohort. We used multiple logistic regression to determine socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with food insecurity, which was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Among 250 participants, over half (53.6%) were food insecure. Higher odds of food insecurity was associated with being white, low CD4 counts, recent crack use, lack of health insurance, and worse physical and mental health. Food insecurity is highly prevalent among HIV-infected marginally housed individuals in San Francisco, and is associated with poor physical and mental health and poor social functioning. Screening for and addressing food insecurity should be a critical component of HIV prevention and treatment programs.
On the Harmonic Oscillator Algebra

In this article, we identify several harmonic oscillator invariants and calculate the Leibniz homology of the massless harmonic oscillator algebra in terms of these invariants.
Effect of meat temperature on proteins, texture, and cook loss for ground chicken breast patties

Soluble proteins, myofibrillar proteins, collagen, texture, and cook loss were evaluated at different meat temperatures by heating ground and formed chicken breast meat in brass containers in a water bath to temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 C. The soluble proteins decreased by approximately 90% as meat temperature increased from 23 to 80 C. The myofibrillar protein subunits of molecular weight greater than 43 kDa decreased with increasing temperature from 23 to 80 C as analyzed via SDS-PAGE. Amount of soluble collagen more than doubled when meat temperature was increased from 50 to 70 C. The maximum peak shear force was obtained, via Warner-Bratzler shear test, at 60 C for ground chicken breast patties. The weight of patties decreased approximately 10.3% when meat temperatures were increased from 23 to 80 C. Overall, heating temperature affected the texture of the meat and caused changes in proteins and cook loss.
Thermal impedance across metallic and superconductiong foils below 1 K

Abstract The thermal boundary resistance at the interface between a metal and a dielectric has been investigated using thin foils to avoid the necessity of measuring temperature gradients. Measurements in the normal state are in good agreement with the acoustic mismatch concept of the boundary resistance when the effects of electron-phonon interaction in the metal are included. Since the electron-phonon interaction is reduced or absent in the superconducting state, a change in the boundary resistance is predicted by the acoustic mismatch model. Indeed the measurements in the superconducting state can be understood within the context of the model. However a quantitative interpretation is complicated by the presence of additional phonon scattering attributed to vibrating dislocations.
Managing Counterinformings: An Interactional Practice for Soliciting Information that Facilitates Reconciliation of Speakers' Incompatible Positions.

This article is a conversation-analytic examination of situations where one speaker responds to another in a way that publicly exposes that the two speakers hold an incompatible position on a same matter, and in a way that claims that the respondent holds epistemic authority over the matter. These types of responsive actions (i.e., counterinformings) solicit accepting or rejecting responses, and normally include information (e.g., an explanation) that facilitates the other speaker’s ability to reconcile the speakers’ positional incompatibility. Withholding such information from a counterinforming can be an interactional control tactic. This article focuses on these types of withholding counterinformings and their management by the other speaker. Specifically, this article describes an interactional practice used to solicit reconciliatory information.
Setbacks in diet adherence and emotional distress: A study of older patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses

Objectives: We investigated patients’ difficulties in managing their diet (i.e. diet setbacks) and associations with change in disease-specific and general emotional distress (diabetes distress and depressive symptoms) among patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses. Method: Data for this study were collected in couples’ homes (N = 115 couples) using structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires at three time points: baseline (T1), six months after baseline (T2) and 12 months after baseline (T3). Results: Patients’ diet setbacks were associated with an increase in their diabetes distress in the shorter-term (over six months). Patients’ diet setbacks were not associated with longer-term change in diabetes distress or with change in depressive symptoms at either time point (six months or one year). In contrast, spouses’ perceptions of patients’ diet setbacks were associated with increases in their own diabetes distress at both time points (over six months and one year), and also with an i...
Thymic model for examining BRCA2 expression and function

Mutations in the human BRCA2 breast cancer susceptibility gene are associated with increased risks of breast, ovarian, and other cancers. BRCA2 has been hypothesized to function in processes of DNA damage/breakage repair, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These processes continually occur in the thymus during thymocyte development, and BRCA2 mRNA is highly expressed in thymus relative to most other organs. We therefore used the thymus as a model system to study BRCA2 expression and function. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments showed that highly activated immature CD4(+) CD8(+) double-positive human thymocytes that exhibited high levels of proliferation and apoptosis had increased BRCA2 mRNA levels relative to other thymocyte subsets. BRCA2 mRNA levels were upregulated in thymocytes treated with the DNA-damaging agent etoposide. Only modest increases were associated with proliferation in human peripheral lymphocytes in response to concanavalin A (ConA) mitogen. Mice homozygous for a targeted mutation in Brca2 exon 27 (Brca2(Delta27/Delta27)) showed normal thymic architecture but had 18% decreased thymocyte cellularity compared with wild-type mice. Thymocytes from these Brca2(Delta27/Delta27) mice displayed decreased apoptosis in response to etoposide-induced DNA damage compared with wild-type thymocytes. These studies suggest that BRCA2 mRNA levels are modulated during DNA damage and may be important during apoptosis.
Overlap and Separation: Religion-Work Boundaries in the Workplace

How do corporate professionals negotiate boundaries between work and religion in the workplace? While there has been considerable scholarship on the relationship between work-nonwork boundaries in ...
Full-day kindergarten and long-term health prospects of low-income and minority children: a commentary.

& 2014 Publ Since its beginning 40 years ago, the Children’s Defense Fund (CDF) has recognized that children don’t come in pieces and has pursued a mission to ensure all children a healthy start, a head start, a fair start, a safe start, and a moral start in life and successful passage to adulthood with the help of caring families and communities. So, I am very encouraged to see the Community Guide Systematic Review Team apply the high evidentiary standard of its Community Guide systematic review process to assess the impact of fullday kindergarten. The review assessed its impact, in comparison to half-day or alternate-day full-day kinder­ garten, on educational achievement, which may help predict longer-term educational attainment and longterm education-related health outcomes. The conclusion that there is strong evidence full-day kindergarten significantly improves reading and mathe­ matics achievement, which are recognized predictors of educational attainment and education-related health outcomes, should spark action by all of us across disciplines and areas affecting children seeking to pro­ mote long-term gains for children’s health and well­ being. The likelihood that these positive impacts in health outcomes can advance health equity if targeted in lowincome and minority communities makes action even more urgent. The research review is especially timely given current national attention to the need for greater investments in a continuum of quality early childhood development and learning that begins with voluntary home visiting pro­ grams and includes Early Head Start, Head Start, child care, pre-kindergarten and full-day kindergarten at one end, and at the other end, a goal of college and career readiness that will contribute not only to individual success but to our nation’s economic success as well. Urgent, persistent action is needed now. There is much to build on.
Model-based analysis of electrode design in a direct methanol microscale fuel cell

The performance of microscale fuel cells with high-aspect-ratio electrodes, defined as the ratio of electrode length to width, is often limited by the depletion of fuel along the length of the anode. Here we present a mathematical model to study electrode aspect ratio in a direct methanol microscale fuel cell. The model is supported with experimental data to show that low-aspect-ratio electrodes achieve higher power densities via improved mass transport to electrodes. The influence of electrode width on overall cell performance was investigated by varying the catalyst deposition region in low-aspect-ratio electrodes. The performance of our experimental fuel cell is consistent with our modeling studies, achieving a maximum power density of 25.3 mW/cm2 at room temperature with 1 M methanol. The model presented here can be used to further improve the geometric design of electrodes in a microscale fuel cell.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
MRI Findings of Spinal Accessory Neuropathy

Aim To characterise the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of patients with spinal accessory nerve (SAN) denervation. Material and methods Twelve patients who had SAN denervation on electromyography (EMG) were included. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and the SAN were assessed using MRI. Results Trapezius muscle atrophy was seen in 11 (92%), and of those patients, T2/short tau inversion recovery (STIR) signal hyperintensity was also demonstrated in seven (58%). All three patients with prior neck surgery had scarring around the SAN, and one of these patients demonstrated a neuroma, which was confirmed surgically. Conclusion Features of SAN neuropathy on MRI include atrophy and T2/STIR signal hyperintensity of the trapezius, and in patients who have had posterior triangle neck surgery, scarring may be seen around the nerve.
A PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL APPROACH TO DEPRESSION IN WOMEN

Depression is conceptualized as a multidimensional process in women. Women who are depressed must deal with a myriad of problems. A group psychoeducational approach provides a comprehensive treatment strategy to assist women in developing the knowledge and skills necessary for managing the stresses associated with being a women in our society. The small group format also contributes the peer support necessary to learn new skills and improve self-esteem. Psychiatric nurses, with their background in client education and knowledge of groups, are in an ideal position to provide the holistic approach that may prevent episodes of clinical depression or reduce relapses. The proposed framework for intervention can provide women with the skills necessary to manage the life events and role demands that have long been implicated in the development and maintenance of their depressive symptoms.
Selective Wireless Power Transfer for Smart Power Distribution in a Miniature-Sized Multiple-Receiver System

In a multiple-receiver wireless power transfer (WPT) system, determining the condition for uniform power distribution at a high transfer efficiency is a challenging issue. In this paper, a selective WPT technique using magnetic resonance coupling (MRC) is introduced for smart power delivery in a multiple-receiver system. The proposed method selectively and exclusively delivers power to only one designated receiver among multiple receivers, eliminating the cross-coupling effect and unbalanced power division problem across the receivers. This is achieved by separating the resonant frequencies of the receivers to isolate the coupling effects between coils. The power division ratio of the receivers is controlled by changing the duration time ratio for power transfer. In this paper, a one-transmitter three-receiver selective MRC system is designed and fabricated. The power distribution is demonstrated under impedance matched condition, showing a power transfer efficiency of 24%–29% at a very small coupling coefficient of 0.01 with a 12-mm-diameter receiver coil. Distance compensation and a one-way communication of time division multiple access are demonstrated for a multiple-receiver system, using the proposed method.
Influence of Dipole–Dipole Interactions on Coverage-Dependent Adsorption: CO and NO on Pt(111)

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of energetic, geometric, vibrational, and electrostatic properties of different arrangements of CO and NO at quarter and half monolayer coverage on Pt(111) are presented. Differences in the extents of electron back-donation from the Pt surface to these molecules cause the low-coverage adsorbate dipoles to have opposite signs at atop and more highly coordinated bridge or fcc sites. These dipoles of opposite sign occupy adjacent positions in the experimentally observed atop–bridge or atop–fcc high -coverage arrangements, leading to attractive electrostatic interactions and concomitant changes in dipole moments, bond lengths, and vibrational frequencies. The interaction energies are estimated by charge partitioning to extract individual dipoles from the mixed arrangement and by calculations of field–dipole interactions. These estimated dipole interactions contribute significantly (20–60%) to the DFT-calculated relative stability of mixed arrangements over atop-, b...
Dr. Schaff as a Literary Worker

My acquaintance with Dr. Schaff was not as long as that of some of those who have read papers at this meeting, but it extended over eight years, and was developed under circumstances various enough to give some clear impressions of the scholar, and of the man. I met him at the Hartford Seminary and at Union Seminary, at his own table and at the Century Club, in Washington, in New York, and in London—here, there, and everywhere. I knew him as host and as guest, as junior partner in literary work and in plans for the promotion of theological learning, and as friendly gossip, interested in the shrewd views which he expressed on every topic under the sun, and pleased (not to confess flattered) to surrender to his all-embracing interrogations wahtever was of interest to him.
Telemedicine for Trauma and Intensive Care: Changing the Paradigm of Telepresence

Telemedicine and telepresence for surgical care are becoming common practice and are an effective and safe way of providing healthcare services. Various terms are used when describing telemedicine overall, such as telehealth and telecare. What makes the issue even more complex when it comes to telemedicine for surgery. When one recognizes that over 5.8 million people die from trauma each year worldwide, and five million patients are admitted to the ICU each year (only in the USA), one can understand the possible importance of telemedicine in providing care for the sickest of and the injured patients. Telemedicine for ICU has been called “tele-ICU,” “e-ICU,” and virtual ICU. The use of telemedicine for trauma and emergency has been termed “teletrauma.” All, however, have the same meaning: use of telemedicine to provide care at the distance, whenever the patient is. The use of telemedicine for trauma and ICU has been associated with significantly better outcomes such as decrease of mortality and morbidity, decrease in Length of Stay (LOS), and an increase in staff satisfaction in workload and usefulness of telemedicine technology.
Toward an International Migration Regime

Abstract Few if any issues in public policy are as muddled and contentious as international migration. There is no international regime that establishes standards and principles for national migration policies other than in the case of refugees (migrants escaping persecution). My aim here is to describe some economic and ethical principles that may underpin an international migration regime.
The concentration of some B vitamins in bull semen.

SUMMARY The thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and niacin content of fresh bull semen were found to be 0.89,2.09,3.71, and 3.63 y per cc., respectively. The spermatozoa count was correlated with the concentration of all four vitamins. Initial sperm motility was correlated with the concentrations of thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Rosenberg, H. R., Chemistry and physiology of the vitamins, New York (1942). 2. Wright, L. D., McMahan, J. R., Cheldelin, V. H., Taylor, A., Snell, E. E., and Williams, R. J., Univ. Texas Pub., No. 4137, 38 (1941). 3. Lardy, H. A., and Phillips, P. H., J. Biol. Chem., 138, 195 (1941). 4. Willett, E. L., and Salisbury, G. W., Cornell Univ., Agr. Exp. &a., Mem. 249 (1942). 5. Salisbury, G. W., Beck, G. H., Elliott, Irvine, and Willett, E. L., J. Dairy SC., 26, 69 (1943). 6. Hamner, K. C., Stewart, W. S., and Matrone, G., Food Res., 8, 444 (1943).
Dimensionality Viewed from a Thermal Perspective

In an unbounded space the rate that heat flows away from an isolated heated point depends upon the dimensionality of the space. This can be qualitatively related to the number of possible heat paths available for heat to flow. In a bounded space where heat flow is constrained, heat flow at a particular point can be used to define an effective dimensionality of the space at that point.
A bayesian approach to perceptual 3D object-part decomposition using skeleton-based representations

We present a probabilistic approach to shape decomposition that creates a skeleton-based shape representation of a 3D object while simultaneously decomposing it into constituent parts. Our approach probabilistically combines two prominent threads from the shape literature: skeleton-based (medial axis) representations of shape, and part-based representations of shape, in which shapes are combinations of primitive parts. Our approach recasts skeleton-based shape representation as a mixture estimation problem, allowing us to apply probabilistic estimation techniques to the problem of 3D shape decomposition, extending earlier work on the 2D case. The estimated 3D shape decompositions approximate human shape decomposition judgments. We present a tractable implementation of the framework, which begins by over-segmenting objects at concavities, and then probabilistically merges them to create a distribution over possible decompositions. This results in a hierarchy of decompositions at different structural scales, again closely matching known properties of human shape representation. The probabilistic estimation procedures that arise naturally in the model allow effective prediction of missing parts. We present results on shapes from a standard database illustrating the effectiveness of the approach.
Post What? The Liminality of Multi-Racial Identity

This article, “Post What? The Liminality of Multi-Racial Identity,” argues that the successes and failures of 21st-century satire reveal the myth of post-raciality while simultaneously dismissing racial essentialism. I focus on three critical moments: the commercial success of Mat Johnson’s Loving Day, a text and forthcoming television show that examines the shifting self-identities of mixed-race individuals; the inability of a potential love interest on the television series, Louie, to accept a black woman as the ex-wife of the titular protagonist’s phenotypically white daughters; and Barack Obama’s self-designation as “black” on the census shortly after his election. I argue that the widespread reach of these instances, coupled with audience engagement and response, underscores the ways that the public realm frames a contemporary understanding of race as both meaningful and absurd.
The Argument for Teaching Financial Literacy at Higher-Education Institutions

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that financial decisions have a substantial impact on human flourishing. This paper examines the arguments for higher-education institutions to take a role in the provision of financial education for their students, families and alumni, who often incur substantial debt and make other sacrifices to obtain a postsecondary education. It also analyzes the current state of financial education at 322 higher-education institutions. While many postsecondary institutions have embraced some aspects of financial education, other higher-education institutions appear reluctant to infuse this multidisciplinary topic into their academic programs. Colleges and universities should consider developing robust programs that boost financial literacy and improve lifelong economic well-being.
Sequential Chemotherapy Followed by High Dose Therapy and Autologous Stem Cell Rescue for Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Impact of MIB-1 on Outcome

Abstract Introduction: Optimal management of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains undefined. However, recent data support the conclusion that upfront consolidation with high dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue (HDT/ASCR) can improve the PFS (Dreyling, et al., 2005; Geisler, et al., 2008) and possibly OS (Geisler, et al. 2008). Based on gene expression profiling data, the proliferation signature has emerged as a critical determinant of prognosis in MCL (Rosenwald, et al., 2003). Immunohistochemical assessment of proliferation as estimated by MIB-1 (Ki-67) staining has been shown to predict outcome in patients with MCL treated with chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy. With conventional chemotherapy, the reported MIB-1 staining cutoff associated with poor prognosis reportedly varies from 10–30%. Since 1994 we have treated patients (pts) with MCL with sequential chemotherapy followed by HDT/ASCR. The current analysis is a retrospective review of our treatment program focused on the impact of upfront consolidation with HDT/ASCR on the prognostic significance of proliferation as measured by MIB-1 immunohistochemistry. Methods: Seventy-nine patients underwent upfront consolidation with HDT/ASCR for MCL. Fifty-two patients had evaluation of proliferation by MIB-1 immunohistochemistry. MIB-1 expression was estimated visually and assigned a percentage. Patients were binned into quintiles of MIB-1 expression: 0–20% (n=32, 61.5%); 21–40% (n=5, 9.6%); 41–60% (n=5, 9.6%); 61–80% (n=5, 9.6%); and 81–100% (n=5, 9.6%). Outcomes were analyzed by the method of Kaplan-Meier and comparisons were by log-rank. Results: The EFS and OS at 5 years was 65.1% and 61.4% respectively for the subset of patients with available MIB-1 staining (n=52); the outcomes for the entire group (n=79) did not differ from the subset. Outcomes (PFS, OS) were evaluated by MIB-1 quintile with successive cutoff values of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. MIB-1 cutoff values of 40% or less were not predictive of outcome. However, when the cutoff was 60% or 80%, both the PFS and OS were significantly worse for the high proliferation group. Nineteen percent of patients had a proliferation fraction of greater than 60%. For patients with MIB-1 staining of >60% the PFS was 4.2 years and was not reached for the group with staining ≤60% (p=0.004). Similarly, overall survival was significantly different, (p=0.031). Conclusions: These findings suggest that upfront consolidation with HDT/ASCR can partially overcome the adverse impact of proliferation on outcome and the adverse outcomes are seen in a subgroup of approximately 20% of patients with MIB-1 staining of greater than 60%.
C11-acetate PET for docetaxel prednisone (DP) response assessment in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

e15143 Background: C11- acetate (acetate) positron-emission tomogram (PET) has shown promise in detection of metastasis in prostate cancer in recent studies. Our study tested the feasibility of ace...
Socioeconomic factors affect the selection of proton radiation therapy for children

BACKGROUND Proton radiotherapy remains a limited resource despite its clear potential for reducing radiation doses to normal tissues and late effects in children in comparison with photon therapy. This study examined the impact of race and socioeconomic factors on the use of proton therapy in children with solid malignancies. METHODS This study evaluated 12,101 children (age ≤ 21 years) in the National Cancer Data Base who had been diagnosed with a solid malignancy between 2004 and 2013 and had received photon- or proton-based radiotherapy. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate patient, tumor, and socioeconomic variables affecting treatment with proton radiotherapy versus photon radiotherapy. RESULTS Eight percent of the patients in the entire cohort received proton radiotherapy, and this proportion increased between 2004 (1.7%) and 2013 (17.5%). Proton therapy was more frequently used in younger patients (age ≤ 10 years; odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-2.2) and in patients with bone/joint primaries and ependymoma, medulloblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma histologies (P < .05). Patients with metastatic disease were less likely to receive proton therapy (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3-0.6). Patients with private/managed care were more likely than patients with Medicaid or no insurance to receive proton therapy (P < .0001). A higher median household income and educational attainment were also associated with increased proton use (P < .001). Patients treated with proton therapy versus photon therapy were more likely to travel more than 200 miles (13% vs 5%; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic factors affect the use of proton radiotherapy in children. Whether this disparity is related to differences in the referral patterns, the knowledge of treatment modalities, or the ability to travel for therapy needs to be further clarified. Improving access to proton therapy in underserved pediatric populations is essential. Cancer 2017;123:4048-56. © 2017 American Cancer Society.