cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Workspace Optimization of Orientational 3-Legged UPS Parallel Platforms

In this paper the workspace optimization of an orientational 3-legged parallel platform with universal (U), prismatic (P) and spherical (S) joints at each leg is performed. The workspace is parameterized using four design parameters that span a large range of values. In this paper both the unconstrained and the constrained workspaces (i.e. workspace with joint limits) are used. For the workspace of each design configuration three performance indices are calculated using a Monte Carlo method: a) the workspace volume; b) the average of the inverse of the condition number and c) a Global Condition Index which is a combination of the other indices. A Genetic Algorithm procedure is used to determine the optimum design of the platform using the Global Condition Index as the objective function. Plots of the workspace are presented for the optimal design configuration with and without joint angle limitations for the whole workspace and for specific twist angles. Finally, for the optimal design, it is shown that by introducing limits to the universal and spherical joins, the platform's isotropy is improved.
Personal and Social-Contextual Factors in K–12 Academic Performance: An Integrative Perspective on Student Learning

Our extensive literature review in the fields of educational, social, and cognitive psychology has led us to identify about a dozen variables that demonstrate direct empirical links to academic achievement at the K–12 level. Those variables are grouped into four major categories: student engagement, learning strategies, school climate, and social-familial influences. We then categorize the first two variables as personal factors and the latter two as social-contextual factors. We document empirical findings that have shown particular relationships between the reviewed personal and social-contextual factors and academic achievement, mainly in the areas of reading and mathematics. Based on our conceptualization, we propose an integrated perspective that students’ personal factors in the domains of behavior, affect, attitude, and cognition as well as their social-contextual environment have to work in concert to produce optimal school performance. We conclude with a discussion on educational implications and...
In Vivo Calibration of a Femoral Fixation Device Transducer for Measuring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Tension: A Study in an Ovine Model

Toward developing a transducer for measuring in vivo tension in anterior cruciate ligament grafts in humans, the objectives of this study were to determine the following: (1) whether the calibration of a previously reported femoral fixation device transducer (FDT) (Ventura et al., 1998) is affected by the presence of the graft when implanted in the tibial metaphysis of an ovine model, (2) whether the FDT remains calibrated at 4 weeks postoperatively, and (3) whether the biological incorporation of the graft occurs prior to a change in the FDT calibration. The FDT was implanted in the hind limb of five sheep using an extra-articular procedure. Both the proximal common digital extensor tendon (i.e., graft) and a Teflon-coated wire were looped around the FDT inside a tunnel in the tibial metaphysis. The FDT was calibrated on three occasions using the loop of wire: once intraoperatively before graft insertion, once intraoperatively after graft insertion, and once postoperatively after the animals had been sacrificed at 4 weeks. Following sacrifice, the load transmitted to the FDT by the graft was also determined. The FDT exhibited linear calibration intraoperatively both before and after graft insertion with an average error relative to the calibration before insertion of the graft of -4.6 percent of full-scale load (150 N) and this average relative error was not significantly different from zero (p = 0.183). After 4 weeks of implantation, the average relative percent error was -5.0 percent and was not significantly different from zero (p = 0.434) indicating that the FDT remained calibrated in the in vivo environment. Because only 15 percent of the graft tension was transmitted to the FDT after 4 weeks, biological incorporation of the graft preceded the loss of calibration. In light of these findings, the FDT offers the capability of measuring the intra-articular ACL graft tension in vivo in animal models and possibly humans before the biological bond develops and also of monitoring the formation and maturation of the biological bond between a graft and bone tunnel.
An object‐oriented tool for function point analysis

Abstract: Function points have become an accepted measure of software size and are becoming an industry standard. However, the application of function point analysis is fairly complex and requires experience and a good understanding to apply it in a consistent manner. This paper describes the development of a knowledge-based, object-oriented system to assist an analyst in performing function point analysis. The objective of the function point analysis (FPA) tool is to allow an analyst to estimate system size in function points without having extensive training or experience using the function point method. The FPA tool uses information available in a functional specification that is a product of the requirements analysis phase of the software development life cycle. An object-oriented model was used to represent the functional requirements of a software system.
Beckett and Begrudgery: The Concept of Resentment in Samuel Beckett's Molloy

For many literary critics, Samuel Beckett was above the hurly burly of the quotidian. His work was strictly universal, existing on the plane of the abstract and philosophical, rather than dealing with specific human foibles, particularly those peculiar to his native Ireland. But in the era immediately following the Second World War, Beckett was not averse to exploring one of the most peculiar of the peculiarly Irish traits: begrudgery. A virulent combination of jealousy, spite, and festering resentment, begrudgery prevailed in epidemic proportions in the Ireland of Beckett’s day. Beckett himself was not untouched by Irish begrudgery. His character Moran, the protagonist and narrator of the second book of Beckett’s Molloy, exhibits all of the characteristics of Irish begrudgery. After establishing what begrudgery is, and tracing its philosophical and the sociological origins with an eye to Irish history, this study will culminate in a close reading of Molloy.
Synonymy Within Clusia and Description of the New Genus Melanoclusia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiinae)

Abstract Clusia Haliday, 1839 (Clusiidae: Clusiinae) is redefined, with Amuroclusia Mamaev, 1987 syn. nov. and Paraclusia Czerny, 1903 syn. nov. included as junior synonyms. Melanoclusia gen. nov. is described for the new Malaysian species M. bivibrissa spec. nov. and treated as the sister group to Clusia.
The Listeria monocytogenes Fur‐regulated virulence protein FrvA is an Fe(II) efflux P1B4‐type ATPase

Listeria monocytogenes FrvA (Lmo0641) is critical for virulence in the mouse model and is an ortholog of the Bacillus subtilis Fur- and PerR-regulated Fe(II) efflux P1B4 -type ATPase PfeT. Previously, FrvA was suggested to protect against heme toxicity. Here, we demonstrate that an frvA mutant is sensitive to iron intoxication, but not to other metals. Expression of frvA is induced by high iron and this induction requires Fur. FrvA functions in vitro as a divalent cation specific ATPase most strongly activated by ferrous iron. When expressed in B. subtilis, FrvA increases resistance to iron both in wild-type and in a pfeT null strain. FrvA is a high affinity Fe(II) exporter and its induction imposes severe iron limitation in B. subtilis resulting in derepression of both Fur- and PerR-regulated genes. FrvA also recognizes Co(II) and Zn(II) as substrates and can complement B. subtilis strains defective in the endogenous export systems for these cations. Building on these results, we conclude that FrvA functions in the efflux of Fe(II), and not heme during listerial infection.
The nature of the receptor for complement (C3b) in the human renal glomerulus.

The physicochemical nature of the human glomerular complement receptor was studied. Receptor activity was measured by determining the avidity of glomeruli of normal human renal tissue for fluorescein-labeled bacteria (S.typhi) coated with C3b. Maximal binding of C3b-coated bacteria to normal human glomeruli took place in phosphate-saline buffers of pH 6.5 and 0.08 to 0.15 mu ionic strength. Pretreatment of renal tissue with neuraminidase enhanced receptor activity. On the other hand, binding of C3b-coated bacteria to the glomeruli was diminished by pretreatment of the tissue with proteolytic enzymes, phospholipase C and certain lipid solvents. The binding of C3b-coated bacteria to the glomeruli was also diminished by pretreatment of the tissue with fluid-phase C3b, or by pretreatment of the bacteria with C3b inactivator. Normal human serum and purified fluid-phase C3 or the absence of magnesium and calcium ions had little effect on glomerular complement receptor activity.
Regression of cardiac hypertrophy following experimental hyperthyroidism in rats.

SummaryHyperthyroidism was induced in male, albino rats by subcutaneous injection of T3 daily for 2 weeks. The day following the last injection, groups of control and experimental animals were killed; the hearts were removed, weighed, and the average amount of cardiac hypertrophy was determined. The hearts were then partitioned and the ventricles were weighed separately. To determine when the hearts returned to normal size, groups of rats were killed at about 5-day intervals up to 35 days. The data were subjected to linear regression analysis. It was observed that the hearts returned to normal size in 13 days; this also held approximately for each ventricle despite the fact that the right ventricle was hypertrophied significantly more, proportionally, than the left ventricle.
Relation of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Leaf-Feeding Resistance and Dimboa Content in Maize

European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), is a major insect pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the northern Corn Belt, which affects production through physiological yield reduction and harvest losses. Four maize inbreds (two resistant [C131A and B75] and two susceptible [C103 and C121E] to first-generation European corn borer along with all possible F1s [6 eachl and F2s [6 each] plus the double crosses [15 each] from the F1s) were evaluated for resistance to leaf feeding by the European corn borer and 2, 4-dihydrox-7-methoxy-1, 4-henzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) concentration in the leaf tissue. The two objectives of our study were: (1) to compare the traditional visual leaf feeding rating scale to a chemical analysis of the concentration of DIMBOA and (2) to determine the concentration and persistence of DIMBOA among these genotypes in relation to resistance. The leaf-feeding resistant inbreds, C131A and B75, had initial ratings of 1.0 on a scale of 1–9 (1, highly resistant to 9, highly susceptible) and they had a concentration of DIMBOA of 704 and 433 μ g/g, respectively. The susceptible inbreds, C103 and C121E, had ratings of 7.5 and 3.8 and DIMBOA concentrations of 91 and 70 μ g/g, respectively. The resistant ratings of the F1S and F2S were generally related to their parentage. The resistant genotypes had higher levels of DIMBOA and this trait was expressed in the various crosses in an additive manner indicating that DIMBOA concentration is genetically determined. The leaf feeding ratings became higher and DIMBOA concentrations lower as the plant matured. The correlation ofleaf feeding rating and DIMBOA concentration was r = −0.40 62 d after planting, but 10 d later it dropped to r = −0.34; both are Significant negative correlations. No resistance was found by the time the inbreds and crosses were flowering.
Scientific note on a single-user method for identifying drone congregation areas

(2014). Scientific note on a single-user method for identifying drone congregation areas. Journal of Apicultural Research: Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 424-425.
Social Support and Mental Health Outcomes Among U.S. Army Special Operations Personnel

Mental health disorders continue to plague service members and veterans; thus, new approaches are required to help address such outcomes. The identification of risk and resilience factors for these...
25 Years of Tension over Actin Binding to the Cadherin Cell Adhesion Complex: The Devil is in the Details

Over the past 25 years, there has been a conceptual (re)evolution in understanding how the cadherin cell adhesion complex, which contains F-actin-binding proteins, binds to the actin cytoskeleton. There is now good synergy between structural, biochemical, and cell biological results that the cadherin-catenin complex binds to F-actin under force.
Extracorporeal oxygenation in neonates.

Mechanical ventilation is standard and effective treatment in most cases of neonatal respiratory failure. For the small minority of infants who do not respond to that regimen, the treatment of choice is now extracorporeal oxygenation, administered by a modified version of the heart-lung machine. The technique and indications for its use are now being refined.
Characterizing the constitutive response and energy absorption of rigid polymeric foams subjected to intermediate-velocity impact

Abstract As an optimum energy-absorbing material system, polymeric foams are needed to dissipate the kinetic energy of an impact, while maintaining the impact force transferred to the protected object at a low level. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately characterize the load bearing and energy dissipation performance of foams at high strain rate loading conditions. There are certain challenges faced in the accurate measurement of the deformation response of foams due to their low mechanical impedance. In the present work, a non-parametric method is successfully implemented to enable the accurate assessment of the compressive constitutive response of rigid polymeric foams subjected to impact loading conditions. The method is based on stereovision high speed photography in conjunction with 3D digital image correlation, and allows for accurate evaluation of inertia stresses developed within the specimen during deformation time. Full-field distributions of stress, strain and strain rate are used to extract the local constitutive response of the material at any given location along the specimen axis. In addition, the effective energy absorbed by the material is calculated. Finally, results obtained from the proposed non-parametric analysis are compared with data obtained from conventional test procedures.
Differentiation of the Effects of pH and Lactic or Acetic Acid Concentration on the Kinetics of Listeria Monocytogenes Inactivation

(Received for publication October 5, 1992) The effects of pH and lactic acid or acetic acid concentration on Listeria monocytogenes inactivation were studied in brain heart infusion broth using a three strain mixture. Combinations of lactic acid/sodium lactate and acetic acid/sodium acetate were used to achieve concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 M in conjunction with pH values of 4.0,5.0,6.0, and 7.0. Cultures adjusted with HCI to pH 3.0 to 7.0 in 0.5 pH unit intervals were used.as 0.0 M controls. Each pH/concentration combination was inoculated to a level of 108 CFU/ml and incubated at 28°C for up to 60 d. Bacterial populations were determined periodically by plate counts. Inactivation was exponential after an initial lag period. Survivor curves (log# versus time) were fitted using a linear model that incorporated a lag period. The model was subsequently used to calculate D values and "time to a 4-D (99.99%) inactivation" (t4-o);t4-0values were directly related to pH and inversely related to acid concentration. At acid/pH combinations that supported growth, the level of the organism increased slightly (2- to l O-fold) before declining. In the HCI-adjusted controls with pH's :0;5.5, the rate of inactivation was linearly related to pH. In the presence of the monocarboxylic acids, the duration of the lag period and the rate of inactivation were dependent on the pH, as well as the identity and concentration of acid. 4-D inactivation times were related to the level of undissociated lactic and acetic acids. That relationship was described by the equations, t4-0 = exp(-0.1773*LN·5 + 7.3482) and t4-0 = exp (-0.1468*AN·5 + 7.3905) for lactic and acetic acids, respectively, where LA and AA are mM of undissociated acid. These relationships were used in conjunction with the Henderson-Hasselback equation to develop a model for predicting the rate of inactivation as a function of pH and total organic acid concentration.
2.06 – Free Surface Motions: Tides, Seiches, and Subtidal Variations

General governing equations for estuaries and coastal regions are given as a special case of those of Newtonian fluids under the influence of turbulence, density gradient, atmospheric pressure gradient, and tide-generating force. The equations are then simplified for barotropic motion, particularly tidal, seiche, and tidally-driven motions. The linearized equations are used to discuss frictional tidal propagation in an elongated straight channel. The importance of the Earth’s rotation is then discussed with the Kelvin wave solutions in a long channel. For barotropic tidal or seiche problems, the Earth’s rotation is shown to be quite small in general when there is no stratification. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models are then discussed for the effect of variable bathymetry. The bottom friction and cross-channel depth variations are shown to have significant effect on the tidal phase and tidal ellipses of the current velocity. The sub-tidal (or residual) flow is then discussed for variable depth problems. Some relevant observations of sub-tidal flows are then analyzed. A technique to separate barotropic from baroclinic motions is discussed and the effect of channel curvature examined using both analytic model and observations. It is demonstrated that the advective nonlinearity is a dominant term when channel curvature and bathymetry variations are significant.
Abstract 4807: Triphenylmethanol conjugates of triptorelin as anti-cancer prodrugs

Triptorelin (TRP) is an anti-cancer agent used for the treatment of a wide variety of hormone-responsive cancers, such as prostate cancer. The surge of testosterone, known as a flare effect, is the major side-effect of cancer chemotherapy using TRP in a combination regiment. Improving the biological activity of TRP by increasing the cellular uptake and retention is a remedy to this end. In this study, the hydrophobicity of TRP was optimized by using an appropriate hydrophobic linker attached to tris(4-methoxyphenyl)methanol (TPM) derivatives with the expectation to improve the cellular uptake. In this regard, a number of TRP conjugates of TPM derivatives with optimized hydrophobicity were synthesized by the reaction of 2-substituted methoxy benzenes (e.g. methyl 2-methoxybenzoate, 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, methoxy-2-methylbenzene, methoxy-2-nitrobenzene, chloro-2-methxyenzene), and 1,3,5-trioxane, followed by the conjugation with TRP and decanedioic acid in the presence of HBTU/DIPEA/DIC in moderate yields. Comparative antiproliferative assays between TPM-TRP conjugates and the corresponding non-covalent physical mixtures of the TPM derivatives and TRP were performed against human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CCRF-CEM), human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3), and mouse pre adipocytes (3T3-L1) cells. TPM-TRP conjugates inhibited the cell proliferation of CCRF-CEM, SK-OV-3 and 3T3-L1 cells by 55-92%, 24-73%, 37-56%, respectively, at a concentration of 10-50 μM after 24-72 h of incubation. These data suggest that TPM-TRP derivatives with optimized hydrophobicity can be used to improve the biological activity of TRP. Citation Format: Ryan Beni, William Boadi, Jawzah Alnakhli. Triphenylmethanol conjugates of triptorelin as anti-cancer prodrugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4807.
Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate Is Not the Sole Contaminant in Recalled Heparin Preparations.

Abstract 1070 Poster Board I-92 Several reports have suggested that the contaminated heparin recalled by the regulatory bodies including the FDA and European community contained varying amounts of oversulafted chondroitin sulfate (OSCS). The reported adverse reactions and death were solely attributed to the presence of OSCS including the activation of the contact system and the generation of vasoactive mediators such as the bradykinins. The pathophysiologic nature of the adverse reactions were complex and multifactorial and not all of the adverse reactions can be attributed to an activation of the contact system by OSCS. To further explore the nature of the contaminants, several batches of contaminated recalled heparin from various sources were analyzed utilizing chemical and biologic methods. Such additional contaminants as high molecular weight dermatan sulfate (HDS), oversulfated heparan sulfate (OSHS), oversulfated dermatan sulfate (OSDS), oversulfated heparin sulfate (OSH) and other various forms of glycosaminoglycans were found in the contaminated heparin products. OSCS, HDS, OSDS and OSHS produced activation of prekallikrein to kallikrein in whole blood and plasma systems at variable rates as measured by monitoring the generation of kallkrein. All of the agents produced an activation of the complement system which was not proportional to the generation of kallikrein system. All of the contaminants were capable of forming complexes with PF4 and all produced 14C serotonin release in the HIT screening analysis. Variable anticoagulant responses occurred with each agent and were mediated via heparin cofactor II. Supplementation of various oversulfated agents showed that OSCS, OSDS and OSH produced comparable anticoagulant effects. Interestingly in the heptest, none of the oversulfated contaminants with the exception of heparin produced any anticoagulant effect. In the thrombin time assasy, OSH produced the strongest anticoagulant effects whereas OSDS and OSCS produced relatively weaker effects, while OSHS did not produce any effects. In the amidolytic anti-Xa assay, only OHS produced an inhibition of this enzyme, whereas, all of the other agents had no effects. In the anti-IIa assay all agents produced variable inhibitory effects. OSH produced the strongest inhibition with an IC50 of 4 ug/ml. OSCS inhibited this enzyme with an IC50 of 7.2 ug/ml and OSDS showed an IC50 of 11 ug/ml. The IC50 of OSHS was > 20 ug/ml. All agents showed a relatively weak affinity for antithrombin (AT). All agents were resistant to the actions heparinase-1. Both OSCS and OSDS produced an inhibition of heparinase. These results clearly suggest that heparin contaminants represent a heterogenous group of oversulfated GAGs which may mediate multiple pathophysiologic responses. The complex and diversed spectrum of the pathologic events in patients exposed to these contaminants need additional investigations to fully understand their adverse clinical effects in vivo. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Experimental and theoretical assessment of the mechanism and site requirements for ketonization of carboxylic acids on oxides

Ketonization of carboxylic acids removes O-atoms and forms new CC bonds, thus providing routes from sustainable carbon feedstocks to fuels and chemicals. The elementary steps involved and their kinetic relevance, as well as the number and nature of the active sites on active TiO2 and ZrO2 catalysts, remain matters of active discourse. Here, site titrations demonstrate the requirement for coordinatively-unsaturated M-O-M sites (M=Ti, Zr) with specific geometry and intermediate acid-base strength. The measured site densities allow rigorous reactivity comparisons among catalysts based on turnover rates and activation free energies, as well as the benchmarking of mechanistic proposals against theoretical assessments. Kinetic, isotopic, spectroscopic, and theoretical methods show that C2C4 acids react on anatase TiO2 via kinetically-relevant CC coupling between 1-hydroxy enolate species and coadsorbed acids bound at vicinal acid-base pairs saturated with active monodentate carboxylates. Smaller TiTi distances on rutile TiO2 lead to the prevalence of unreactive bidentate carboxylates and lead to its much lower ketonization reactivity than anatase. The prevalent dense monolayers of chemisorbed acid reactants reflect their strong binding at acid-base pairs and their stabilization by H-bonding interactions with surface OH groups derived from the dissociation of the carboxylic acids or the formation of 1-hydroxy enolates; these interactions also stabilize CC coupling transition states preferentially over their carboxylate precursors; high coverages favor sequential dehydration routes of the α-hydroxy-γ-carboxy-alkoxide CC coupling products over previously unrecognized concerted six-membered-ring transition states. Infrared spectra show that ubiquitous deactivation, which has precluded broader deployment of ketonization in practice and unequivocal mechanistic inquiries, reflects the gradual formation of inactive bidentate carboxylates. Their dehydration to ketene-like gaseous species is faster on anatase TiO2 than on ZrO2 and allows the effective scavenging of bidentate carboxylates via ketene hydrogenation to alkanals/alkanols on a Cu function present within diffusion distances. These strategies make anatase TiO2, a more effective catalyst than ZrO2, in spite of its slightly lower initial turnover rates. This study provides details about the mechanism of ketonization of C2C4 carboxylic acids on TiO2 and a rigorous analysis of the sites required and of active and inactive bound species on TiO2 and ZrO2. The preference for specific distances and for intermediate acid-base strength in M-O-M species is consistent with the structure and energy of the proposed transition states and intermediates; their relative stabilities illustrate how densely-covered surfaces, prevalent during ketonization catalysis, represent an essential requirement for the achievement of practical turnover rates.
Recurrent Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Objectives Data characterizing the cytogenetic landscape of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (ILBCL) are limited. Here, we developed a comprehensive karyotypic data set to identify recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in ILBCL. Methods Cases of ILBCL with complete cytogenetic analysis were identified from an institutional database and the literature. The combined data were systematically reviewed for the presence of recurrent abnormalities. Results Four new cases were identified and combined with 25 karyotypes previously published in the literature. Karyotypes were uniformly complex with a median of 10 aberrations. In total, 72.4% had abnormalities involving chromosome 1, with 31.0% involving rearrangements of 1p13 or 1q21; 58.6% had abnormalities involving chromosome 6, which in almost all cases involved 6q; 34.5% had abnormalities involving chromosome 14, with 27.6% involving rearrangements of 14q32; and 55.2% had abnormalities of chromosome 18, with 37.9% harboring trisomy 18. Conclusions Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities involving chromosomes 1, 6q, and 18 are present in greater than 50% of ILBCL.
Examining residence status as a risk factor for health risk behaviors among college students.

ABSTRACTObjective: The current study is aimed to evaluate college student residence as a unique risk factor for a range of negative health behaviors. Participants: We examined data from 63,555 students (66% females) from 157 campuses who completed the National College Health Assessment Survey in Spring 2011. Methods: Participants answered questions about the frequency of recent use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and illicit drugs, as well as sexual risk behavior in the last 30 days. Sexual risk behaviors were operationalized as having unprotected vaginal sex (yes/no) and the number of sexual partners. Results: Logistic regression analyses revealed that living off-campus is a unique predictor of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and illicit drug use, as well as engaging in unprotected sex and a greater number of sexual partners (all ps <. 01). Conclusions: Students living off-campus exhibit more substance use and sexual risk behaviors than students living on-campus, independent of gender, age, or race.
Tunable magnetization of infrared epsilon-near-zero media via field-effect modulation

In this letter, we demonstrate that field effect modulation enables electrical tuning of the effective permeability of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media at infrared frequencies. In particular, hexagonal silicon carbide (6H-SiC) is incorporated as an epsilon-near-zero host in a gated 6H-SiC/SiO2/Si heterostructure. The change in the applied voltage leads to a change in the carrier concentration of the accumulation layer formed at the interface of 6H-SiC and SiO2 which can alter the effective permeability of the heterostructure by virtue of the photonic doping effect. We will rigorously model and analyze the structure by linking charge transport and electromagnetic models. The presented mechanism allows for tuning the impedance and magnetization of ENZ materials in real-time while capturing extreme cases of epsilon-and-mu-near-zero and magnetic conductor. As such, it can be used for various applications such as real-time engineering of thermal emission, dynamic switching, reconfigurable tunneling, and holography.In this letter, we demonstrate that field effect modulation enables electrical tuning of the effective permeability of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media at infrared frequencies. In particular, hexagonal silicon carbide (6H-SiC) is incorporated as an epsilon-near-zero host in a gated 6H-SiC/SiO2/Si heterostructure. The change in the applied voltage leads to a change in the carrier concentration of the accumulation layer formed at the interface of 6H-SiC and SiO2 which can alter the effective permeability of the heterostructure by virtue of the photonic doping effect. We will rigorously model and analyze the structure by linking charge transport and electromagnetic models. The presented mechanism allows for tuning the impedance and magnetization of ENZ materials in real-time while capturing extreme cases of epsilon-and-mu-near-zero and magnetic conductor. As such, it can be used for various applications such as real-time engineering of thermal emission, dynamic switching, reconfigurable tunneling, and holography.
Protein kinase C activator bryostatin-1 modulates proteasome function.

Proteasome activity in ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays a pivotal role in degradation and clearance of aggregated, oxidized, damaged, and misfolded unwanted proteins to control protein homeostasis or proteostasis. Proteasome activity decreases with cellular senescence, aging, and age-related diseases. Therefore, enhancement of impaired proteasome function by molecular biological and/or pharmacological intervention is an active area of research. Bryostatin-1, a naturally occurring macrocyclic lactone, activates PKC isozymes (specifically, -α and -ϵ) at sub-nanomolar concentrations, but downregulates at higher concentrations. Here, we present bryostatin-1 increased chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity of 20S assembly at sub-nanomolar to nanomolar concentrations (0.3-30 nM). However, proteasome activity decreased at a micromolar concentration of bryostatin-1 (AG08044 cultured skin: P < 0.005; differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: P < 0.02). Modulation of proteasome function by bryostatin-1 was studied in six dermal fibroblast primary cell lines developed both from freshly taken biopsies from healthy donors (n = 2) and obtained from well-characterized cell repositories (n = 4; without any diseases). Bryostatin-1 enhanced proteasome activity in cultured skin fibroblasts obtained from banked and freshly isolated skin fibroblasts from skin biopsies at the sub-nanomolar concentration (P < 0.015). Modulation of proteasome function by bryostatin-1 was confirmed in neuron-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Direct additions of bryostatin-1 into cell lysates prepared from neuron-like differentiated SH-SY5Y, Jurkat cells, and cultured skin fibroblasts were unable to increase proteasome activity indicating that bryostatin-1 can only modulate proteasome activity when added to live cell culture systems. Standard PKC inhibitors blocked bryostatin-1 induced proteasome activity modulation suggesting that enhancement of proteasome activity was mediated by PKC modulation.
Viral-dependent phosphorylation of a dsRNA-dependent kinase.

Plant viruses and viroids are minimal pathogens and depend upon interaction with key host components during pathogenesis. The temporal and spatial regulation of host factors during initial host-pathogen interactions is initiated by host recognition of viral signals, and disease development is conditioned by the subsequent response to these signals. The identity and function of host proteins involved in the recognition and response to pathogen signal molecules as well as the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate host plant proteins are unknown. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are important posttran-slational events which alter target protein conformation and function in response to specific metabolic, developmental, and environmental signals. Thus, these processes serve to regulate and coordinate metabolic responses. Phos-phorylation-mediated regulation offers a potential mechanism by which plantvirus/viroid interactions may be governed. We have characterized a plantencoded protein kinase (p68) whose phosphorylation is induced in viral and viroid infected plants and in noninfected tissue extracts supplemented with dsRNA. p68 phosphorylation is dependent upon signal concentration and occurs in the initial phases of pathogenesis. To our knowledge p68 is the only plant protein associated with dsRNA-stimulated protein kinase activity.
The Contribution of Morphological Awareness to Lexical Inferencing in L2 Chinese: Comparing More-Skilled and Less-Skilled Learners.

Learners’ ability to infer unknown words’ meanings (lexical inferencing) plays a key role in word knowledge development for second language (L2) learners. It has recently been acknowledged that learners’ sensitivity to word‐internal structures (morphological awareness) makes an important contribution to L2 lexical inferencing. However, it remains unclear whether the contribution of morphological awareness to lexical inferencing is affected by L2 learner‐related factors (e.g., language skills). Data obtained from five paper‐pencil tasks in Chinese for 73 L2 learners who studied Chinese for two semesters in China showed that (1) for more‐skilled learners, morphological awareness significantly contributed to lexical inferencing with and without contextual cues, whereas no significant relationships existed between morphological awareness and lexical inferencing for less‐skilled learners; and (2) L2 learners’ morphological awareness does not equally facilitate lexical inferencing due to a possible threshold of linguistic knowledge. The findings have implications for learners’ success in inferring the meanings of unknown words
Does Coinoculation with Different Verticillium dahliae Genotypes Affect the Host or Fungus

Inferences about Verticillium dahliae are often deduced from experiments where hosts are inoculated with one isolate. The assumption that the outcomes from these experiments scale with V. dahliae d...
(156) The Effect of Pain Resilience on Pain Experience: Does Stimulus Matter?

Psychological research on pain has primarily focused on factors that confer vulnerability to pain-related outcomes; however, the past fifteen years has seen an increase in studies investigating factors that confer resilience to pain outcomes. One such factor is pain resilience, the ability to maintain behavioral engagement and regulate emotions as well as cognitions despite intense or prolonged pain. A weakness in not only the pain resilience literature, but pain research in general, has been the lack of rationale behind the selection of experimental pain stimuli. These pain stimuli can activate different nociceptive fibers, meaning that stimuli are not interchangeable. The present study sought to investigate whether the relationship between pain resilience and pain intensity differed between stimuli. Participants (N = 99, 60.6% female) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Pain Resilience Scale and Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and then rated their pain continuously on a scale from 0 (“no pain”) to 100 (“worst pain imaginable”) during three pain stimuli that were selected based on the nociceptors that they stimulate: pinprick (primarily Aδ fibers), cold water immersion (Aδ and C fibers), and ischemic tourniquet (primarily C fibers). Mixed models including stimulus type, sex, pain resilience, pain catastrophizing, and time were developed, with a quadratic model creating the best fit to the data. This analysis found that the relationship between pain resilience and pain ratings over time differed across stimuli, F(2, 41,044) = 111.4, p
Start of a Science: An Epistemological Analysis of Learning at Scale

The Learning at Scale (L@S) conference has brought together researchers from diverse scholarly communities to design and study technologies that are explicitly meant to scale to a large number and variety of learners. Over the last three years, the L@S community has published a thematic, methodological, and bibliometric analysis to reflect on its own interests, challenges, and foundations. This paper continues the wider reflection effort and complements these two prior analyses with an epistemological analysis of the way the papers employ learning theory, evaluate evidence, and deploy statistical models. The epistemological analysis uses two methodologies: coding the full papers from the first four years for epistemological markers of interest and analyzing the network of citations from all of the full papers for dominant institutional and epistemological traditions. By combining these two methods, the present analysis reveals that most papers explicitly show their theoretical commitments, target a narrow slice of available learning theory, draw on varied academic fields in different proportions, and showcase epistemological practices in line with what philosophers of computational science observe in communities using similar model-based methods. The paper then situates these claims in wider conversations occurring in the learning sciences and philosophy of science to provide theoretical insights as well as practical recommendations for how the community can more consciously conduct and communicate its scientific endeavor.
Content Curation, Evaluation, and Refinement on a Nonlinearly Directed Imageboard: Lessons From Danbooru:

While linearly directed imageboards like 4chan have been extensively studied, user participation on nonlinearly directed imageboards, or “boorus,” has been overlooked despite high activity, expansi...
Theme-based Book Review: Historical and Critical Perspectives on the EU

The European Union is at an historical moment, one arguably more significant than those previously experienced. It has been suggested that some of the turmoil can be explained by “enemization of ot...
Predicting Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Using Machine Learning and Longitudinal Vital Sign Data From Electronic Health Records.

PURPOSEAcute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a significant complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and limits its broader application. The ability to predict g...
The discovery of the genus Bryanellocoris from Laos, with description of a new species (Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae)

The genus Bryanellocoris J. A. Slater, 1957 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae: Ozophorini) is recorded from Laos for the first time. This record is based on the discovery of a new species, Bryanellocoris wakaharai sp. nov., collected from northern Laos. Illustrations of genital structures of the new species and a key to the Oriental species of Bryanellocoris are provided.
[Outcome of re-pregnancy in women with uterine artery embolization for postpartum hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of re-pregnancy in women with uterine artery embolization(UAE)for postpartum hemorrhage(PPH). METHODS Clinical data of 117 pregnant women with previous PPH admitted in Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital from January 2010 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them 40 cases were treated with UAE (UAE group) and 77 cases were not treated with UAE (control group). The outcomes of re-pregnancy were followed up and compared between two groups. RESULTS There were significant differences in the incidence of induced abortion in early pregnancy and cesarean scars pregnancy (CSP) between the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the UAE group, the incidence of PPH, placental accretion and hysterectomy rate was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that UAE was independent risk factor for CSP, placenta accretion, PPH and hystere-ctomy (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The overall fertility and re-pregnant outcomes in women with previous UAE for PPH are favorable. However, the risk of CSP, placenta accretion and associated recurrence of PPH and hysterectomy is higher in women receiving UAE during subsequent pregnancy.
Improving Pediatric Resident Wellness through Group Counseling Sessions

Purpose: Burnout is defined as a syndrome that consists of emotional and physical exhaustion that leads to decreased efficacy at work. First described in 1974 in the general population, it has since been well established that physicians, including resident physicians, have a higher rate of burnout than the general population. National academic societies now recognize the importance of identification of resident burnout and promotion of wellness. Our pediatric residency program instituted a multifaceted curriculum to enable residents to recognize and address burnout, which includes novel mandated group therapy sessions. …
The Technologization of News Acts in Networked News Participation: LGBT Self-Media in China

The technologization of news acts refers to the applications of technologies in journalism and the functional and infrastructural roles technological actors, such as Web designers and coders, may play in these applications. This conceptual article explores how technology facilitates news acts as forms of civic participation, particularly through citizen-oriented journalistic practices. Recognizing emerging scholarship examining news participation, this article argues for situating journalism within the networked news ecology. Drawing on an example—self-media production by LGBT communities in Mainland China—we explore a framework (1) conceptualizing peripheral actors’ roles in journalism, (2) theorizing power dynamics driving the broader news ecology, and (3) accounting for political-economic and sociocultural contexts specific to localities. This article argues that the technologization of news acts presents a networked power structure within which peripheral actors are situated and of which they negotiate. Technological infrastructures are thus a pivot to connect contextual factors with networked news participation and reveal the dialectical power relations warranting an information elite in the news ecology.
A transgenic DND1GFP fusion allele reports in vivo expression and RNA-binding targets in undifferentiated mouse germ cells†.

In vertebrates, the RNA binding protein (RBP) Dead End 1 (DND1) is essential for primordial germ cell (PGC) survival and maintenance of cell identity. In multiple species, Dnd1 loss or mutation leads to severe PGC loss soon after specification or, in some species, germ cell transformation to somatic lineages. Our investigations into the role of DND1 in PGC specification and differentiation have been limited by the absence of an available antibody. To address this problem, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to establish a transgenic mouse line carrying a DND1GFP fusion allele. We present imaging analysis of DND1GFP expression showing that DND1GFP expression is heterogeneous among male germ cells (MGCs) and female germ cells (FGCs). DND1GFP was detected in MGCs throughout fetal life but lost from FGCs at meiotic entry. In postnatal and adult testes, DND1GFP expression correlated with classic markers for the pre-meiotic spermatogonial population. Utilizing the GFP-tag for RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis in MGCs validated this transgenic as a tool for identifying in vivo transcript targets of DND1. The DND1GFP mouse line is a novel tool for isolation and analysis of embryonic and fetal germ cells, and the spermatogonial population of the postnatal and adult testis.
The role of regional anaesthesia and multimodal analgesia in the prevention of chronic postoperative pain: a narrative review

Effective prevention of chronic postoperative pain is an important clinical goal, informed by a growing body of studies. Peri-operative regional anaesthesia remains one of the most important tools in the multimodal analgesic toolbox, blocking injury-induced activation and sensitisation of both the peripheral and central nervous system. We review the definition and taxonomy of chronic postoperative pain, its mechanistic basis and the most recent evidence for the preventative potential of multimodal analgesia, with a special focus on regional anaesthesia. While regional anaesthesia targets several important aspects of the mechanistic pathway leading to chronic postoperative pain, evidence for its efficacy is still mixed, possibly owing to the heterogeneity of risk profiles within the surgical patient, but also to variation in techniques and medications reported in the literature.
Catholic Intellectual Traditions and Contemporary Scholarship

The Catholic university can make a natural home for experimenting with the foundations of knowledge because Catholic scholars retain faith in a God who created the universe and human reason as a reliable God-given instrument for comprehending this creation. The central question is: How can the Catholic university reconstruct itself to bring the resources of Catholic tradition to bear on our common task of rebuilding the house of learning? Our common problem is the fragmentation of knowledge. The Catholic university needs to inhabit the domains of both secular learning and Christian knowledge. The participation of Catholic intellectuals and universities in the postmodern dialogue will benefit the entire intellectual community