cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonidentical subunits of citrate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes

Abstract Citrate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes has been shown to contain 3 different subunits by SDS gel electrophoresis. On re-electrophoresis, each of these polypeptides is found to migrate in the same manner as it did in the first electrophoresis. The 3 subunits have also been separated by gel filtration on an agarose column in 6 M urea.
The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by marine phytoplankton

Abstract All nine species of marine phytoplankton tested (a cyanobacterium: Synechococcus sp., three diatoms: Chaetoceros simplex , Thalassiosira oceanica and Skeletonema costatum , two prymnesiophytes: Pleurochrysis carterae and Isochrysis galbana , a prasinophyte: Tetraselmis sp., a green alga: Dunaliella tertiolecta , and a dinoflagellate: Amphidinium carterae ) were able to decompose hydrogen peroxide in the dark. Since these phytoplankton species can be found widely in a variety of marine sub-environments, this indicates that the dark decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by phytoplankton is a general phenomenon in the oceans. The decomposition rates were first order with respect to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and biomass. The second-order rate constants for these nine species of phytoplankton ranged between 2 × 10 –4 and 2.7 × 10 –2 μg Chl- a –1 1 h –1 . Synechococcus sp. and S. costatum were the most efficient, while P. carterae and D. tertiolecta were the least efficient decomposers. While the magnitudes and patterns in the changes were species-dependent, in general, increasing salinity, temperature, the presence of light and the depletion of nutrients enhanced the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of growth phase was small.
Natural history of severe proximal coronary artery disease as documented by coronary cineangiography

Abstract Studying the natural history of patients with severe proximal coronary arterial lesions may assist evaluation of coronary revascularization surgery. We reviewed the mortality statistics of 469 patients with 80 to 100 percent occlusive lesions in the proximal coronary tree as diagnosed by selective angiography. Only patients with normal or moderately impaired left ventricular function were included in the study; patients with severe cardiomegaly, congestive heart failure or severe left ventricular impairment by left ventriculography were excluded. Follow-up periods ranged from 6 to 11 years for 178 patients with single vessel disease, 177 with double vessel disease and 114 with triple vessel disease. Patients with isolated disease of the left anterior descending artery had a 4 percent average yearly attrition rate or a 6 year mortality rate of 25.5 percent (17 of 69). Those with isolated disease of the right coronary artery demonstrated only a 2.3 percent yearly attrition rate or a 14 percent mortality rate in 6 years (11 of 77). Patients with double and triple vessel disease had, respectively, 41.5 and 63 percent 6 year mortality rates. Survival was related to the number of vessels involved. Patients with single vessel disease of the left anterior descending artery had a significant annual mortality rate. The prognosis improved when good angiographic collateralization was present, particularly in single vessel disease with total occlusion. Functional disability, classified according to the New York Heart Association criteria, was related to mortality rates and proved a useful indicator in large patient groups. Prior myocardial infarction, location of the lesion above or below the major septal perforator in left anterior descending artery disease, and left main trunk lesions did not alter the prognosis significantly.
The influence of genetic variation in the HLA-DRB1 and LTA-TNF regions on the response to treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate or etanercept.

Objective To examine the roles of specific genetic polymorphisms as predictors of response to treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Subjects included 457 patients with early RA (duration of ≤3 years) who participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing weekly methotrexate and 2 dosages of etanercept (10 mg twice weekly and 25 mg twice weekly). Our primary outcome measure was achievement of 50% improvement in disease activity according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR50 response) after 12 months of treatment. Subjects were genotyped for HLA–DRB1 alleles and polymorphisms in the following genes: TNF, LTA, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, FCGR2A, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to define the impact of specific polymorphisms and haplotypes on response to treatment. Covariates for the multivariate analyses included sex, ethnicity, age, disease duration, and baseline values for rheumatoid factor and the tender and swollen joint counts. Results The presence of 2 HLA–DRB1 alleles encoding the shared epitope (SE) (compared with 1 or 0 copies) was associated with response to treatment with standard-dose etanercept (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8–10.3). Among Caucasian patients, 2 extended haplotypes that included the HLA–DRB1 alleles *0404 and *0101 (both of which encode the SE) and 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the LTA–TNF region were associated with response to treatment. In a multivariate model that included treatment received and the aforementioned covariates, the ORs for the association of these haplotypes with achievement of an ACR50 response at 12 months were 2.5 (95% CI 0.8–7.3) and 4.9 (95% CI 1.5–16.1) for the *0404- and *0101-containing haplotypes, respectively. Conclusion Genetic variation in the HLA–DRB1 and the LTA–TNF regions is significantly associated with response to treatment of early RA. These findings may have clinical application through the identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment with methotrexate or etanercept.
alpha-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROPATHIC AND NONNEUROPATHIC VOIDING DYSFUNCTION

AbstractPurpose: Inadequate bladder emptying is a common urinary dysfunction in children. The role of alpha-blockers for managing bladder outlet obstruction remains relatively unexplored in children. Because of the well established impact of alpha-blocker therapy in men, we investigated its use for treating inadequate bladder emptying in the pediatric population.Materials and Methods: We treated 17 children 3 to 15 years old with documented poor bladder emptying of various etiologies, including dysfunctional voiding, the Hinman syndrome, the lazy bladder syndrome, posterior urethral valves, myelomeningocele and the prune-belly syndrome, using the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, doxazosin. The initial dose of 0.5 to 1.0 mg. nightly was increased according to patient response and as tolerated. Patients were followed weekly to monthly by symptomatic history, and urine flow and/or post-void residual urine volume measurement. Two patients with neurogenic bladder were also followed with cystometrography...
Thin but not skinny: Women negotiating the “never too thin” body ideal in urban India

Synopsis With western companies spreading the “never too thin” body ideal to non-western societies, many expect a global increase in the pathology of eating. This study examines the dieting and slimming practices of 27 women living in urban India. Though the women were involved in various dieting routines and wanted thin bodies, they set limits to the ideal of an ultra-thin body. Instead, the women directed their dieting and slimming practices toward embellishing their contemporary identity as educated, well-informed clients of a burgeoning health industry and as cultural agents responsible for protecting generational beliefs surrounding food and body. Grounding my research in theories that understand women's negotiations of their bodies in contexts that have been impacted by forces of globalization, yet regulated by their familial worlds, I provide a culturally nuanced argument of why and how urban Indian women set limits on the ultra-thin ideal. The women used cultural strategies, or what I refer to as speculative modernity, that rely on traditional notions of beauty and well-being to filter and selectively adopt new beliefs of food and body.
Magnetorheology of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Mineral Dispersions

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were dispersed in mineral oil and the magnetorheological response was measured. 0.5, 1.5 and 2.53 vol% nanotubes were dispersed in mineral oil. Strain sweep, frequency sweep, magneto sweep and steady shear tests were conducted in various magnetic field strengths. Storage modulus G', loss modulus G", complex viscosity η* and dynamic yield stress τy increased with magnetic field, which was partially attributed to the increasing degree of alignment of nanotubes in stronger magnetic field. G' and G" of MWCNT/mineral oil dispersions scaled with nanotube volume fraction φ by a power-law. The shear thinning behavior of MWCNT/mo dispersions followed the Ostwald-de Waele or power law.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Automatic Semantic Priming Abnormalities in Schizophrenia

Abnormal activation of semantic networks characterizes schizophrenia and can be studied using the N400 event-related potential (ERP). N400 is elicited by words that are not primed by the preceding context and provides a direct measure of the neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming. Semantic priming refers to facilitated semantic processing gained through pre-exposure to semantic context, which can happen automatically if the interval between the prime and target is very short. We predicted that (1) schizophrenia patients have overly inclusive semantic networks, reflected in a less negative than expected N400 to relatively unprimed words, and (2) schizophrenia patients are deficient in their use of semantic context, responding to primed words as if they were unprimed, reflected in a more negative than expected N400 to primed words. N400s were acquired from patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia (n=26) and age-matched healthy comparison subjects (n=29) performing a picture-word verification (match vs. non-match) task. Word targets were presented 325ms after a picture prime, which either matched (CAMEL-->"camel"), or did not match (In Category: CAMEL-->"cow"; Out Category: CAMEL-->"candle") the prime. N400 data suggest that both patients and controls are sensitive to the difference between primed and unprimed words, but patients are less sensitive than controls. Similarly, N400 data suggest that both groups were sensitive to the subtler difference between classes of unprimed words (In Category versus Out Category picture-word non-matches), but patients are less sensitive, especially those with prominent negative symptoms.
The role of top-down control in different phases of a sensorimotor timing task: a DCM study of adults and adolescents

The ability to precisely coordinate motor control to regularly-paced sensory stimuli requires an ability often called ‘mental timekeeping’, a distinct form of cognitive function. A consistent feature among conceptual models of the internal clock mechanism is an element of ‘top-down’ cognitive control. Although lesion and fMRI studies have provided indirect evidence supporting the role of the prefrontal cortex in exerting top-down influence over lower-level sensory and motor regions, little direct evidence exists. We investigated changes in Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM)-measured top-down control of sensorimotor timing during different phases of a unimanual, auditory-paced finger-tapping task in a cohort of healthy adults and adolescents. The brain regions examined were organized into a network of excitatory connections between bilateral dorso- and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices and motor and auditory cortices. This baseline connectivity changed depending on whether participants listened passively to the pacing cue, synchronized their regular interval finger tapping with the cue, or continued tapping in absence of the cue. Subjects who performed better at maintaining the prescribed tapping pace in the absence of the auditory cue relied more on top-down control of the motor and sensory regions, while those with less accurate performance relied more on sensory driven, bottom-up control of the motor cortex. No significant maturational effects were observed in either the behavioral or DCM path weight data. Both right and left prefrontal cortex were found to exert control over timing behavioral accuracy, but there were distinctly lateralized roles with respect to optimal performance.
Nonlinear Planetary Wave Reflection in an Atmospheric GCM

The nonlinear behavior of planetary waves excited by midlatitude topography is considered in an atmospheric GCM. The GCM is run at standard resolution (T42) and includes all of the complexity normally associated with a GCM. Only two simplifications are made to the model. First, it is run in perpetual January mode, so that the solar radiation takes the diurnally varying value associated with 15 January. Second, the lower boundary is simplified so that it is entirely ocean with zonally symmetric SSTs. Planetary waves are excited by Gaussian-shaped topography centered at 45°N, 90°W. As in earlier studies, the excited wave train propagates toward low latitudes where, for sufficiently large forcing amplitude (i.e., height of topography), the wave will break. Several different experiments are run with different mountain heights. Each experiment is run for a total of 4015 days. The response of the model depends on the height of the mountain. For the small-amplitude mountain (500 m), the wave is dissipated at low latitudes near its critical latitude. For large-amplitude mountains (2000, 3000, and 4000 m), wave breaking and nonlinear reflection out of the wave breaking region is observed. The spatial character of the reflected wave train is similar to that detected in earlier studies with more idealized models.
Abstract A27: Altered epigenetic regulation of homeobox genes in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

It is estimated that 41,380 new patients will be diagnosed with cancer of the oral cavity and the pharynx and 7,890 will die of those diseases in 2013 in the United States alone. More than 90% of all oral cavity cancers are of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) type. We identified numerous homeobox genes as differentially expressed between non tumorigenic oral keratinocytes OKF6-TERT1R and tumorigenic SCC9 cells. Data from Oncomine, a cancer microarray database, suggest that homeobox (HOX) genes are also dysregulated in oral SCC patients. The activities of Polycomb repressive complexes (PRC), which cause epigenetic modifications, and retinoic acid (RA) signaling can control HOX gene transcription in stem cells. HOXB7, HOXC10, HOXC13, and HOXD8 transcripts are higher in SCC9 than in OKF6-TERT1R cells; using ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) we detected the PRC2 protein SUZ12 and the epigenetic H3K27me3 mark on histone H3 at these genes in OKF6-TERT1R, but not in SCC9 cells. In contrast, IRX1, IRX4, SIX2, and TSHZ3 transcripts are lower in SCC9 than in OKF6-TERT1R cells. We detected SUZ12 and the H3K27me3 mark at these genes in SCC9, but not in OKF6-TERT1R cells. SUZ12 and H3K27me3 levels were not altered by RA at these HOX genes in SCC9 and OKF6-TERT1R cells. We conclude that altered activity of PRC2 is associated with dysregulation of homeobox gene expression in human SCC cells, and that this dysregulation potentially plays a role in the neoplastic transformation of oral keratinocytes. An exciting future direction would be the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms driving aberrant homeobox gene expression in transformed oral keratinocytes by assessing additional epigenetic histone and DNA modifications present at these genes. Such experiments are currently underway. Citation Format: Katarzyna M. Marcinkiewicz, Lorraine J. Gudas. Altered epigenetic regulation of homeobox genes in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
Chest pain in women

Abstract Chest pain, as a presenting complaint, is very common in a primary care practice setting. Several different diagnostic entities may present in a similar fashion. To adequately categorize the patient's condition, the physician must be thorough in obtaining the historical factors that differentiate the various type of chest pain. The physical exam is frequently not helpful in making the diagnosis. The initial goal is to determine whether or not a life-threatening condition is present. Diagnostic testing, directed at a focused differential diagnosis, will often yield the cause of the patient's symptoms. Occasionally, a specific etiology will not be found. However, if a standard approach to this complaint as outlined in this review is followed, the physician should be able to identify which conditions require immediate work-up and which can be followed less intensively on an out-patient basis.
Preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Escherichia coli.

Abstract Adenylosuccinate synthetase, a dimeric enzyme of 96,000 Mr, catalyzes the first committed step toward the de novo biosynthesis of AMP. Large, single crystals of adenylosuccinate synthetase from Escherichia coli grow from solutions of polyethylene glycol and ammonium sulfate. Crystals from ammonium sulfate belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell parameters a = 79.0 A , b = 70.2 A and c = 152.6 A . Crystals from polyethylene glycol belong to the space group P21, having unit cell parameters of a = 71.16 A , b = 71.99 A , c = 82.95 A , and β = 71.52 ° . The asymmetric units of both crystal forms probably contain the entire dimeric enzyme.
Noninteraction in an anonymous three‐person prisoner's dilemma game

Twelve triads were run for 100 trials each in a three-person prisoner's dilemma game, where choices were made anonymously. Results showed that the level of cooperation was lower than that found in previous PD games. The choices made by the individual players were shown to have been made with apparently no regard for the choices of the other two players in the game.
Insect management in deciduous orchard ecosystems: Habitat manipulation

Current literature pertaining to habitat manipulation of deciduous fruit and nut orchards for pest control is reviewed. The hypothesis of pesticide-induced pest problems in deciduous orchards as well as the changing pest population dynamics of deciduous orchards is discussed An experimental habitat manipulation program for pecans, utilizing vetch cover crops to enhance lady beetle populations for pecan aphid control is presented
Introduction to Value-Based Insurance Design

When all patients are required to pay the same out-of-pocket amount for imaging services, which have varying degrees of benefit dependent on patient characteristics, there is potential for overuse and underuse. Rising costs of health care have stimulated efforts to redesign health care packages. Cost sharing has emerged, whereby costs are the same for everybody. Unlike traditional health care plan designs, value-based insurance design tailors the cost of care delivery to the benefit that a patient or class of patients derives from that care. With value-based insurance design, cost sharing is still used, but a "clinically sensitive" approach is designed to mitigate the adverse health consequences of high out-of-pocket costs. The authors summarize the principles of value-based insurance design and review examples of its implementation in other areas of medicine.
Inactivation of lacZ gene expression by UV light and bound DNA photolyase implies formation of extended complexes in the genomes of specific Escherichia coli strains.

In Escherichia coli strains WU and CS101, UV inactivation of lacZ gene expression is more effective when the cells contain amplified DNA photolyase, and flash photoreactivation (fPR) after 15 min of metabolism does not reverse inactivation by the photolyase-dimer complexes. In other strains, also studied with or without amplified DNA photolyase, there is no differential UV inactivation and fPR reverses inactivation by the complexes regardless of continued metabolism. The irreparable condition in strain WU is not due to dysfunction of photolyase: during post-UV metabolism, fPR still restores viability and dimers are removed from the region of the lac operon. When the wild-type lac promoter is replaced by the UV5 promoter, making expression insensitive to relaxed supercoiling and catabolite repression, inactivation by dimers alone becomes more resistant, i.e. requires higher fluences, but inactivation in WU and CS101 is still exceptionally sensitive to photolyase-dimer complexes. This indicates that dimers external to the wild-type lac operon may inhibit expression by altering supercoiling but that complexes must involve some other mechanism for their special effect in WU and CS101. The exceptionally efficient inactivation and irreparable condition are consistent with the idea that, in two specific laboratory strains, photolyase bound to dimers at a considerable distance from the lac operon may initiate an aggregation of DNA with other cellular molecules that extends to, and inactivates expression from, the operon.
Synthesis of polyhydroxy cavitands and intramolecular inclusion of their octaester derivatives

Abstract A facile and efficient synthesis of novel cavitands containing eight hydroxyl groups was accomplished in eight steps beginning from commercially available resorcinol and the corresponding aldehydes. The synthesis combines two classical approaches to cavitand chemistry and yields the target octol cavitand molecules in gram quantities with no chromatographic separations. A variety of octaester cavitand derivatives were then prepared from the parent octols and their spectral properties are reported.
Parent Satisfaction With the Electronic Medical Record in an Academic Pediatric Rheumatology Practice

Background: Patient satisfaction has not been widely studied with respect to implementation of the electronic medical record (EMR). There are few reports of the impact of the EMR in pediatrics. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implementation of an electronic medical record system on families in an academic pediatric rheumatology practice. Methods: Families were surveyed 1 month pre-EMR implementation and 3 months post-EMR implementation. Results: Overall, EMR was well received by families. Compared with the paper chart, parents agreed the EMR improved the quality of doctor care (55% or 59/107 vs 26% or 26/99, P < .001). More parents indicated they would prefer their pediatric physicians to use an EMR (68% or 73/107 vs 51% or 50/99, P = .01). Conclusions: Transitioning an academic pediatric rheumatology practice to an EMR can increase family satisfaction with the office visit. [J Med Internet Res 2011;13(2):e40]
Erdheim-Chester disease with rare radiological features in a 14-year old girl with pre-B Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Diabetes mellitus

We report a case of a 14 year-old girl with Diabetes Mellitus who was in remission with pre-B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and subsequently diagnosed with Erdheim-Chester disease. Erdheim-Chester disease is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis and is very rare in children. In addition, the radiological features of the lesions are atypical and have not been reported in children. There is no known association between the three conditions and this is the first reported case in the literature. A literature review of Erdheim-Chester disease will be performed.
Tetrahydroligularenolide and related eremophilanes from Senecio aureus

Abstract An investigation of the eremophilane constituents of the medicinal herb, Senecio aureus , led to the isolation of tetrahydroligularenolide, furanoeremophilane, ligularenolide, and dehydrofukinone. Tetrahydroligularenolide has not been previously isolated as a natural product. While ligularenolide and dehydrofukinone are known compounds, they have not been previously reported as constituents of S. aureus .
Decreased catalepsy response to haloperidol in the genetically dystonic (dt) rat.

Abstract The rat mutantdystonic displays an autosomal recessive neurological disease characterized by slow, twisting movements of the limbs and trunk. Rats displaying clinical signs also show a decreased behavioral response to the dopaminergic blocker, haloperidol. Investigation of the development of the cataleptic response to haloperidol in the dystonic (dt) rat indicated that the response of thedt rat in the bar test is similar to that of normal littermates until after the appearance of clinical symptoms in the mutants on postnatal day 10. Mutant rats did not differ from their normal littermates in responses to another cataleptic agent, morphine. Assessment of the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system did not indicate the presence of any degenerative process or of any alterations in DA metabolism. No reliable differences were found between normal anddt rats in striatal DA levels or turnover rates; in DA levels in response to γ-hydroxybutyrolactone; or in the number and affinity of striatal DA or muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Nor did qualitative light microscopic examination of Golgi-impregnated tissue fromdt rats indicate the presence of any morphological abnormalities in the striatum. These findings suggest that dystonic symptoms can occur in the absence of an alteration in striatal DA metabolism and that thedt rat may have a defect in a pathway efferent to the stritum.
Transcriptomic analysis of cultured whale skin cells exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]

Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is known to produce cytotoxic effects in humans and is a highly toxic environmental contaminant. Interestingly, it has been shown that free ranging sperm whales (Phyester macrocephalus) may have exceedingly high levels of Cr in their skin. Also, it has been demonstrated that skin cells from whales appear more resistant to both cytotoxicity and clastogenicity upon Cr exposure compared to human cells. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms employed in whale skin cells that might lead to Cr tolerance are unknown. In an effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of Cr(VI) tolerance and to illuminate global gene expression patterns modulated by Cr, we exposed whale skin cells in culture to varying levels of Cr(VI) (i.e., 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 μg/cm²) followed by short read (100 bp) next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA-seq reads from all exposures (≈280 million reads) were pooled to generate a de novo reference transcriptome assembly. The resulting whale reference assembly had 11K contigs and an N50 of 2954 bp. Using the reads from each dose (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 μg/cm²) we performed RNA-seq based gene expression analysis that identified 35 up-regulated genes and 19 down-regulated genes. The experimental results suggest that low dose exposure to Cr (1.0 μg/cm²) serves to induce up-regulation of oxidative stress response genes, DNA repair genes and cell cycle regulator genes. However, at higher doses (5.0 μg/cm²) the DNA repair genes appeared down-regulated while other genes that were induced suggest the initiation of cytotoxicity. The set of genes identified that show regulatory modulation at different Cr doses provide specific candidates for further studies aimed at determination of how whales exhibit resistance to Cr toxicity and what role(s) reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play in this process.
Radioimmunoassay of serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera ®) in women following oral and intravaginal administration

Abstract A radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for measuring medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Provera ® ) in serum has been developed utilizing benzene:isooctane extraction, 3H-MPA to assess procedural losses, goat anti-MPA-3-(0-carboxymethyl) oxime-bovine serum albumin serum and dextran-coated charcoal separation. Control serum blanks were undetectable, 200 pg/ml of MPA was measurable with a high reliability, and intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 6 and 13 percent, respectively. MPA added to control serum was quantitatively recovered. Serum MPA levels measured in 3 women after ingestion of 10 mg MPA rose to 3.4 to 4.4 ng/ml within 1 to 4 hours after oral intake and fell rapidly thereafter to 0.3 to 0.6 ng/ml within 24 hours. Insertion of Silastic intravaginal rings (IVRs), containing 100 or 200 mg of MPA, into 4 women for periods of 3 weeks resulted in a rapid rise of serum MPA after insertion, rather stable MPA levels of 0.9 to 1.6 ng/ml while the IVRs were in place, and a rapid decline of serum MPA following IVR removal. Serum estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations, measured about 3 times a week in these patients, indicated that ovulation was consistently inhibited. The serum MPA levels observed in this study were approximately 5 times lower than those reported by other investigators using a double-antibody RIA of MPA in unextracted serum.
Electrode parasitic capacitances in self-aligned and deep-recessed GaAs MESFETs

Abstract We have developed an efficient algorithm for the determination of the electrode parasitic capacitances in self-aligned and deep-recessed single-gate GaAs MESFETs. The model has been used to study the dependence of these capacitances on the MESFET dimensions. Self capacitances of the source, gate and drain electrodes and the coupling capacitances between pairs of them are calculated for several values of the source, gate and drain lengths, source-gate and gate-drain separations, device widths, substrate thicknesses and heights of the electrodes above the bottom ground plane. Results include the fringing fields as well as the shielding due to the neighboring electrodes. The method of moments in conjunction with a Green's function appropriate to the geometry of the MESFET is employed. Values of the electrode parasitic capacitances for a few typical GaAs MESFETs have been compared with those of the internal capacitances in them.
Electronic properties of graphite: A unified theoretical study

We have calculated the electronic structure of three-dimensional graphite using the modified first-principles Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker technique developed for and applied to the intercalation compound Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$. Whereas previous calculations of the electronic band structure of graphite provide explanations either for moderate- to high-energy excitations or for low-energy and Fermi-surface properties, we find excellent agreement between our results and experiments in both regimes. Our analysis of the band structure is based on a comparison with experiments of predicted optical transitions, values for the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure parameters which we obtain from a fit to our bands, and Fermi-surface properties. We also present a density of states for our band structure and several constant-energy surfaces. Our discussion includes a comparison with other theoretical work.
Strain modification by ion-assisted molecular beam epitaxy in the SixGe1−x alloy system: a kinetic analysis

Significant changes in strain are produced in SixGe1−x epitaxial films grown on Si and Ge (001) substrates as a result of low energy ion beam assisted molecular beam epitaxy (IAMBE). Films grown in the temperature range of 200 to 450°C with concurrent Ar+ or Xe+ ion bombardment are coherently and uniformly strained in the growth direction by up to 1.5% in Ge films and 0.5% in Si films and contain no dislocations. Analysis of the strain modification kinetics suggests that defect complexes produced by the injection of ion beam induced native point defects and trapped gas are responsible for the strain changes. The dependence of film strain on ion/atom flux ratio can be explained by a steady state analysis in which beam-generated defects are annihilated at the growth surface. The dependence of strain modification on ion energy and ion species indicates the relative importance of surface defects and bulk defects in the free volume expansion of the films. Evolution of strain upon post-growth isochronal annealing suggests the complex nature of as-grown defects and rearrangement of defects during annealing. The relative roles of native defects and trapped gas in strain modification and thermal stability are discussed.
Numerical methods for some inverse scattering problems

We have developed numerical methods for several inverse scattering problems (ISP). These problems have significant applications in laser imaging of biological tissues and in identification of underwater systems. Due to lack of space we are unable to present available results of computational experiments. These experiments show high efficiency of the methods.
Comments on stabilizing layered manganese oxide electrodes for Li batteries

Abstract An electrochemical study of structurally-integrated xLi 2 MnO 3 •(1 − x )LiMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 ‘composite’ materials has been undertaken to investigate the stability of electrochemically-activated electrodes at the Li 2 MnO 3 -rich end of the Li 2 MnO 3 –LiMn 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 2 tie-line, i.e., for 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 0.95. Excellent performance was observed for x = 0.7 in lithium half-cells; comparable to activated electrodes that have significantly lower values of x and are traditionally the preferred materials of choice. Electrodes with higher manganese content ( x ≥ 0.8) showed significantly reduced performance. Implications for stabilizing low-cost, manganese-rich, layered lithium-metal-oxide electrode materials are discussed.
Microanatomy of the premamillary artery

The premamillary artery was studied in 50 unfixed human brain hemispheres (51 vessels were found) which were injected with polyester resin and dissected under the operating microscope. In one hemisphere there was duplication of the premamillary artery. There were premamillary arteries arising from the posterior communicating artery (PCoA) in 49 cases and from the posterior cerebral artery in the remaining two. The arteries originated from the superior and lateral surfaces of the PCoA and coursed superiorly, laterally, and posteriorly to enter a triangular perforated space limited by the mamillary body and tuber cinereum medially, the optic tract anterolaterally, and the cerebral peduncle posterolaterally. This space is called the paramedian perforated substance.
Free Energy Determinants of Secondary Structure Formation: III. β-Turns and their Role in Protein Folding

Abstract The stability of β-turns is calculated as a function of sequence and turn type with a Monte Carlo sampling technique. The conformational energy of four internal hydrogen-bonded turn types, I, I′, II and II′, is obtained by evaluating their gas phase energy with the CHARMM force field and accounting for solvation effects with the Finite Difference Poisson- Boltzmann (FDPB) method. All four turn types are found to be less stable than the coil state, independent of the sequence in the turn. The free-energy penalties associated with turn formation vary between 1.6 kcal/mol and 7.7 kcal/mol, depending on the sequence and turn type. Differences in turn stability arise mainly from intraresidue interactions within the two central residues of the turn. For each combination of the two central residues, except for -Gly-Gly-, the most stable β-turn type is always found to occur most commonly in native proteins. The fact that a model based on local interactions accounts for the observed preference of specific sequences suggests that long-range tertiary interactions tend to play a secondary role in determining turn conformation. In contrast, for β-hairpins, long-range interactions appear to dominate. Specifically, due to the right-handed twist of β-strands, type I′ turns for -Gly-Gly- are found to occur with high frequency, even when local energetics would dictate otherwise. The fact that any combination of two residues is found able to adopt a relatively low-energy turn structure explains why the amino acid sequence in turns is highly variable. The calculated free-energy cost of turn formation, when combined with related numbers obtained for α-helices and β-sheets, suggests a model for the initiation of protein folding based on metastable fragments of secondary structure.
Evaluation of an analytical function of an arbitrary matrix with multiple eigenvalues

An analytic function of an arbitrary square matrix with multiple eigenvalues is expressed as linear combinations of constituent matrices. Two simple and practicible equations for the constituent matrices are then formulated which involve the determination of a Vandermonde matrix and a modal matrix with their inversions. The technique is especially useful in hand calculation even if the given matrix is very large.
Fibronectin‐like immunoreactivity in Helisoma buccal ganglia: Evidence that an endogenous fibronectin‐like molecule promotes neurite outgrowth

We examined the distribution of fibronectin-like (FNL) immunoreactivity associated with intact buccal ganglia, cell-cultured buccal ganglia neurons and nonneuronal cells, and brain-conditioned medium from the snail Helisoma. In addition, the possible roles of fibronectin in the regulation of neurite outgrowth were studied. Immunofluorescent staining for FNL antigens revealed intense staining in patches and fibrous arrays over the connective tissue sheaths of buccal ganglia and nerve trunks. Within the ganglia, heavy staining was seen surrounding neurons and in track-like arrangements. In cell cultures, specific staining was associated with nonneuronal cell surfaces and to a lesser degree with the surface of identified neurons. In addition, a noncellular, substrate-bound component of brain-conditioned medium displayed FNL immunoreactivity. Since cultured Helisoma neurons require a substrate-associated, brain-derived conditioning factor (CF) in order to elaborate neurites with motile growth cones, we tested whether the FNL immunoreactive substance might act as a neuritotropic agent. Fibronectin antiserum suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, the CF-induced sprouting of identified neurons in isolated cell culture. When added at increasing concentrations to neurons already growing in response to CF, fibronectin antiserum exerted a biphasic effect on neurite elongation; outgrowth was accelerated at low, but inhibited at high, antiserum concentrations. In contrast, growth cone structures associated with motility (filopodia and lamellipodia) were progressively reduced by increasing levels of antiserum. A short peptide derived from fibronectin's cell-binding domain (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) also greatly reduced neurite outgrowth. The combined results of this study indicate an abundance of FNL immunoreactive molecules within the CNS of Helisoma, their probable production by nonneuronal cells, and their function as a substrate-associated component of CF which promotes growth cone filopodial and lamellipodial activity.
‘Who said this is a Man's War?’: propaganda, advertising discourse and the representation of war worker women during the Second World War

The Second World War required the employment of millions of new female workers and reallocation of those who already had been working to major war industries. As labour shortages reached critical p...
Generic Revisions of Mayfly Nymphs. 1. Traverella in North and Central America (Leptophlebiidae)

The 14 described species of Traverella are discussed, and synonymies and other pertinent data are presented for all North and Central American species. The 7 species of Traverella nymphs are included in an illustrated key and distribution map, and accounts of each include complete synonymy, nymphal description and collection records. Nymphs designated as Traverella spp. A, B, C, are described, and the nymph of T. lewisi n. sp. is described and named.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Refrigerants Using the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory with Variable Range. 2. Applications to Binary Mixtures

An ever increasing concern on the stratospheric ozone depletion has led to a worldwide ban on fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and prompted a rigorous search for alternative refrigerants with a zero ozone-depletion potential (ODP) and a low global warming potential (GWP). Accurate thermodynamic information is required to develop an optimum alternative to replace an existing CFC pure fluid or mixture. In this work, statistical associating fluid theory with variable range (SAFT-VR) is used to correlate the vapor liquid equilibria (VLE) and the vapor−liquid−liquid equilibria (VLLE) for various refrigerant mixtures. An analysis on the pure component parameters for pentane was performed due to the existence of multiple parameter sets using SAFT-VR. The effects of the pure component parameters in mixture phase predictions were investigated. An optimized binary interaction parameter (kij) value was used to correlate the experimental data. It was found that the mixture phase predictions were sensitive...
A Century of Women's Bands in America.

women, too, have a long legacy of participation. This article helps to establish women's legitimacy as a part of the American wind band tradition by tracing a century of participation from the 1870s through the 1970s. This overview should spark interesting class discussions with your students about instruments the women played, uniforms worn, the events that influenced the development and documentation of these bands, and women's emerging roles in society. In American towns during the midto late nineteenth century, bands were an important part of the social fabric. They were an early form of popular music medium that provided entertainment long before the advent of radio and before phonographs became common in homes. Bands often performed free concerts, marched in parades, supported military troops, and even played for the sick in hospitals. Their music would draw the local populace to the center of town and, if the band had established a positive reputation, would even draw people from neighboring communities who would travel by horse and buggy to enjoy a free band concert and support the local commerce (see Photo 1). Having a band was a status symbol for a community, and it helped promote a town's quality of life and encouraged others to move there. One historian emphasized their ubiquitous presence: "Bands were the most important musical organizations in nineteenth-century America. ... There were even a few ladies
Expression of an X-linked gene family (XLR) in late-stage B cells and its alteration by the xid mutation

One of the most extensively studied X-linked immunodeficiency disorder is the xid mutation of the mouse strain CBA/N (reviewed in ref. 1). This mutation may involve a maturational defect as xid animals are unable to raise antibodies to soluble polysaccharide antigens, a function normally attributed to late-stage B cells2,3. Moreover, studies using monoclonal antibodies have defined a B-cell surface antigen (BLA-2 or 14G8) that is expressed on most or all immature B lymphocytes, but not on a subpopulation of mature splenic B lymphocytes4,5; this late-stage, 14G8 antigen-negative splenic B-cell subpopulation is apparently absent from mice bearing the xid defect5. In the accompanying paper6 we describe the isolation of a cDNA clone recognizing a family of genes on the X chromosome, at least some of whose members are closely linked to the xid trait. We report here that this gene family, XLR, is transcribed in certain B- and T-cell lineage tumours, but not in macrophage tumours, or liver or kidney cells. We show that it is transcribed principally in late-stage, 14G8-negative B-cell tumours and plasmacytomas, but not in immature B-cell or pre-B-cell tumours. We are able to detect transcription in all of 12 plasmacytomas (secretory B-cell tumours) derived from mice with normal X chromosomes, but not in three plasmacytomas carrying the xid mutation. These data, combined with the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis linking the XLR gene family to the xid mutation6, suggests that the xid defect occurs within a member of this gene family.
Provenance and Paleocurrents of the Paso Robles Formation, California

A provenance and paleocurrent study of the middle and upper Pliocene continental Paso Robles Formation in the Salinas Valley area, California, adds to the knowledge of the late Cenozoic geologic history of the California Coast Ranges. The geographical distribution of heavy minerals and pebbles in the Paso Robles Formation and in streams presently draining proposed source areas leads to the same conclusions as do measurements of foreset beds, pebble imbrication, and channels in the formation. Uplift in the Santa Lucia and La Panza ranges initiated Paso Robles deposition in early Pliocene time. The paleodrainage was southeastward from the Santa Lucia Range and northward from the La Panza Range, continuing across the present site of the Temblor Range and into a marine basin at the present site of the southern San Joaquin Valley. The Salinas River was a relatively unimportant stream during Paso Robles deposition. Near the end of the Pliocene, uplift in the Temblor Range and southwestward tilting of the Gabilan Mesa brought about the end of Paso Robles deposition by defeating the southeast-flowing drainage and creating the conditions for its capture by the modern Salinas River. Lithologic differences between juxtaposed beds of the Paso Robles Formation on either side of the San Andreas fault suggest that about 25 miles of right-lateral movement has occurred since deposition of the formation.
Microcavity light sources

Summary form only given. Microcavity light sources have become important for their potential application in optical communication and imaging. Near single-mode operation, increased directionality and enhanced modulation bandwidth can be obtained from a microcavity light emitting diode in which the device dimensions are of the order of the wavelength of operation. Microcavity light emitters can be realized by using DBRs, air-semiconductor interfaces, oxide apertures and photonic crystals with defects in the lattice. Some characteristics of air-post and oxide-confined InP-based 1.55 /spl mu/m microcavity light-emitting diodes will be presented. Perhaps, the most appealing technique to realize a true photonic microcavity with minimum modal volume is to use a photonic bandgap (PBG) crystal with a single or multiple defects. The fabrication and characteristics of electrically injected single-defect PBG crystal light emitters (/spl lambda//spl sim/0.9 /spl mu/m) will be described and discussed. Preliminary results from similar devices emitting at /spl sim/1.55 /spl mu/m will also be presented. Finally, the effects of placing quantum dots in such microcavities will be presented and discussed.