cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Pregnancy and Laparoscopic Cornual Resection

Video Objective We describe the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial pregnancy, discuss methods of surgical intervention, and demonstrate a laparoscopic cornual resection. Setting The patient was a 30 year old G5P3013 incidentally found to have an 8 week live interstitial pregnancy on ultrasound at a tertiary medical center. Interventions We performed a laparoscopic cornual resection and repair using dilute vasopressin, harmonic and bipolar energy, and barbed sutures for repair. Conclusion Interstitial ectopic pregnancy is rare and challenging to diagnose. Treatment depends on gestational age, clinical picture, and surgical expertise. Both cornual resection and cornuotomy are described for treatment. Many techniques can be used for hemostasis, including vasopressin, surgical energy devices, compression of the interstitium, and temporary occlusion of the uterine vessels.
VRescuer: A Virtual Reality Application for Disaster Response Training

With the advancement of modern technologies, Virtual Reality plays an essential role for training rescuers, particularly for disaster savers employing simulation training. By wholly immersed in the virtual environment, rescuers are capable of practicing the required skills without being threatened of their lives before experiencing the real world situation. This paper presented a work-in-progress Virtual Reality application called VRescuer to help trainees get used to various disaster circumstances. A scenario of a city was created with an ambulance rescuer and several rescuees in the scene. The intelligent ambulance rescuer was introduced as a rescuer/guider to automatically search and find the optimal paths for saving all rescuees. The trainee can interfere in the rescuing process by placing obstacles or adding more rescuees along the ways which cause the rescue agent to re-route the paths. The VRescuer was implemented in Unity3D with an Oculus Rift device, and it was assessed by twenty users to improve the proposed application.
Evaluating the effect of Medicaid expansion on access to preventive reproductive care for women in Oregon

Abstract We evaluated the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion on receipt of preventive reproductive services for women in Oregon. First, we compared service receipt among continuing Medicaid enrollees pre- and post-ACA. We then compared receipt among new post-ACA Medicaid enrollees to receipt by continuing enrollees after ACA implementation. Using Medicaid enrollment and claims data, we identified well-woman visits, contraceptive counseling, contraceptive services, sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening, and cervical cancer screening among women ages 15–44 in years when not pregnant. For pre-ACA enrollees, we assessed pre-ACA receipt in 2011–2013 (n = 83,719) and post-ACA receipt in 2014–2016 (n = 103,225). For post-ACA enrollees we similarly assessed post-ACA service receipt (n = 73,945) and compared this to service receipt by pre-ACA enrollees during 2014–2016. We estimated logistic regression models to compare service receipt over time and between enrollment groups. Among pre-ACA enrollees we found lower receipt of all services post-ACA. Adjusted declines ranged from 7.0 percentage points (95% CI: −7.5, −6.4) for cervical cancer screening to 0.4 percentage points [−0.6, −0.2] for STI screening. In 2014–2016, post-ACA enrollees differed significantly from pre-ACA enrollees in receipt of all services, but all differences were
Effect of biopesticides on different Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) life stages

Abstract Tetranychus urticae Koch management in many specialty crops relies on intensive pesticide use and has led to rapid evolution of acaricide-resistant populations. These concerns, along with public concern regarding conventional pesticide safety, has generated interest in the use of biopesticides for managing T. urticae. Biopesticides evaluated included the bacterial products Grandevo DF 2 (Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRAA4-1) and Venerate EP (Burkholderia spp. strain A396), the botanical-based product GOS Neem 7-way (azadirachtin), and the emulsified mineral oil product TriTek. Bifenazate (Acramite 50WP), a synthetic acaricide, and a water-treated control were included for comparative purposes. Contact and residual effects were evaluated using equivalent labeled field rates against T. urticae egg, larval, nymphal and adult life stages. Exposure route (contact or residual) was significant for eggs and larval and nymphal mortality after 24-h exposure. GOS Neem 7-way, TriTek, and Acramite were ovicidal under contact exposure only. Most biopesticides caused >50% larval mortality, yet only Acramite achieved 100% morality. Biopesticides were less toxic to nymphs relative to larvae, and Acramite and Grandevo DF 2 caused >50% nymphal morality. Only Acramite caused significantly higher adult mortality than the control 24-h post treatment. Except for Venerate, all treatments significantly reduced fecundity of surviving adults, with the greatest reduction by Acramite and Grandevo. With the exception of Acramite and a high rate of Grandevo, all treatments exhibited exponential population growth over five generations. However, most biopesticides evaluated exhibited significant mortality on various T. urticae life stages, and if incorporated into management schemes may be useful tools in acaricide resistance management programs for T. urticae.
Brief communication: Maximum ingested bite size in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Objectives Previously, we found that maximum ingested bite size (Vb ), the largest piece of food an animal can consume without biting it into smaller pieces first, isometrically scales relative to body size in strepsirrhines and with negative allometry in anthropoids. In the current study, we rectify the omission of great apes from the earlier sample to now characterize the Vb of the entire size-range of the order. Materials and methods Five gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla-G. g. gorilla) were studied to ascertain Vb in relation to the mechanical properties of five foods. Results Gorilla Vb ranged from 166.38 cm3 (for the least obdurate food: watermelon) to 8 cm3 (for the most obdurate food: turnip), with an average Vb of 33.50 cm3 across all food types. Conclusions When these data were compared to those from our previous studies, we found that gorillas consumed relatively slightly smaller volumes of food compared to the trend found across primates. However, because the more frugivorous gorillas consumed relatively larger pieces of food than the large folivorous monkeys previously studied, including the gorilla data increased the slope of the linear regression between body mass and Vb in anthropoids. Thus, the addition of the largest living primate brings the anthropoid Vb trend closer to the Vb trend of the order. Notwithstanding, there is still negative allometry in anthropoid Vb , in contrast with the isometry in strepsirrhine Vb . Future research should include species with body masses between the smaller anthropoids and gorillas by studying the Vb of large papionids and the other great apes.
Mental health needs of an emerging Latino community

Over the last decade, Baltimore has become a non-traditional sanctuary city, receiving an unprecedented influx of Latino immigrants, mostly from Central America's Northern Triangle, who are often fleeing violence in their home countries. This study explored the nature and frequency of healthcare utilization for mental health problems among uninsured/uninsurable Latinos who received outpatient care between 2012 and 2015 through an academic hospital-affiliated program that covers primary and specialty services to uninsured patients without regard to documentation status. Encounters for mental health disorders were the most common category, accounting for 14.88% of all visits. Mood (78%) and anxiety disorders (16%) were the most prevalent mental health diagnoses. The most frequent reason to seek care was symptom, signs, and ill-defined conditions (37.47%), and within this subgroup, pain was the leading cause of seeking care (88%), which may indicate high rates of somatization of mental health distress. This study presents a unique opportunity to explore the burden and nature of mental health needs among a population for which healthcare information is rarely attainable and highlights the need for culturally competent screening mechanisms and interventions to address the stressors faced by emergent communities.
Alterations in SUMOylation of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 during persistent inflammation

Background Unilateral injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the intra-plantar surface of the rodent hindpaw elicits chronic inflammation and hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hindlimb. Mechanisms contributing to this hyperalgesia may act over multiple time courses and can include changes in ion channel expression and post-translational SUMOylation. Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels mediate the hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih . An HCN2-mediated increase in C-nociceptor Ih contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia in the CFA model of inflammatory pain. Changes in HCN2 post-translational SUMOylation and protein expression have not been systematically documented for a given dorsal root ganglia (DRG) throughout the time course of inflammation. Methods This study examined HCN2 protein expression and post-translational SUMOylation in a rat model of CFA-induced hindpaw inflammation. L5 DRG cryosections were used in immunohistochemistry experiments and proximity ligation assays to investigate HCN2 expression and SUMOylation, respectively, on days 1 and 3 post-CFA. Results Unilateral CFA injection elicited a significant bilateral increase in HCN2 staining intensity in small diameter DRG neurons on day 1 post-CFA, and a significant bilateral increase in the number of small neurons expressing HCN2 but not staining intensity on day 3 post-CFA. HCN2 channels were hyper-SUMOylated in small diameter neurons of ipsilateral relative to contralateral DRG on days 1 and 3 post-CFA. Conclusions Unilateral CFA injection elicits unilateral mechanical hyperalgesia, a bilateral increase in HCN2 expression and a unilateral increase in post-translational SUMOylation. This suggests that enhanced HCN2 expression in L5 DRG is not sufficient for mechanical hyperalgesia in the early stages of inflammation and that hyper-SUMOylation of HCN2 channels may also be necessary. Significance Nociceptor HCN2 channels mediate an increase in Ih that is necessary for mechanical hyperalgesia in a CFA model of chronic pain, but the mechanisms producing the increase in nociceptor Ih have not been resolved. The data presented here suggest that the increase in Ih during the early stages of inflammation may be mediated by an increase in HCN2 protein expression and post-translational SUMOylation.
Cell Adhesion Molecules in Plasticity and Metastasis

Prior to metastasis, modern therapeutics and surgical intervention can provide a favorable long-term survival for patients diagnosed with many types of cancers. However, prognosis is poor for patients with metastasized disease. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, yet in situ and localized, thin melanomas can be biopsied with little to no postsurgical follow-up. However, patients with metastatic melanoma require significant clinical involvement and have a 5-year survival of only 34% to 52%, largely dependent on the site of colonization. Melanoma metastasis is a multi-step process requiring dynamic changes in cell surface proteins regulating adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix (ECM), stroma, and other cancer cells in varied tumor microenvironments. Here we will highlight recent literature to underscore how cell adhesion molecules (CAM) contribute to melanoma disease progression and metastasis.
Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics

Metabolomics involves the study of a complex and diverse array of compounds that can be thought of as the ultimate end products of the complex systems that are characteristic of molecular biology. The compounds that constitute the metabolome are small in size relative to the genome and proteome and include amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, lipids, and nucleotides with a mass less than 1800 Da. Understanding the role of these metabolites and the way in which changes in these important molecules impact biological processes has great potential to improve public health through better understanding of disease mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the metabolome will ultimately lead to better candidate biomarkers and drug targets enabling improvements in patient care. Metabolomics experiments can be divided primarily into two experimental strategies: targeted and untargeted. This monograph details these two approaches and the specific considerations for sample preparation, analytical separations, instrumental considerations, and data analysis that are required in the practice of these important technologies. Furthermore, selected applications of targeted and untargeted experiments are showcased to demonstrate the role of metabolomics as part of multi-omics studies and how metabolites can be spatially mapped in biological systems using imaging mass spectrometry.
Terrorism and National Security Reform: How Commissions Can Drive Change During Crises

Terrorism and National Security Reform demonstrates that blue-ribbon commissions can be powerful vehicles for policy change, overturning the conventional wisdom that views them only as devices for passing the buck. Jordan Tama explains how the unique political credibility of commissions can enable them to forge bipartisan consensus on tough policy challenges. He also shows that commissions are most valuable during a crisis, when policymakers face pressure to make changes but frequently cannot agree on what to do. Using an original database, case studies, and more than 200 interviews of policymakers and commission participants, Tama reveals how commissions have shaped Barack Obama's plan for ending the Iraq War, spurred the largest government and intelligence overhauls since 1947, and driven many other elements of U.S. counterterrorism policy. In an era of unrelenting partisanship and extreme polarization, this book shows that commissions are increasingly valuable policymaking tools.
Mercury accumulation in reef fishes: a comparison among red grouper, scamp, and gag of the Atlantic southeastern US and evaluation of "grouper" consumption guidelines.

In fish consumption advisories pertaining to Hg, grouper species in the family Serranidae are often lumped together and labeled generically as Grouper. However, grouper species vary considerably in growth rate, maximum age, and maximum size. This study examined the variability of Hg concentrations and bioaccumulation rates (increase of Hg concentrations in relation to age) for populations of three long-lived, slow-growing, protogynous hermaphrodite grouper species, gag Mycteroperca microlepis, scamp M. phenax, and red grouper Epinephelus morio, which are commercially and recreationally important in the offshore waters of the US southeastern region. A total of 268 samples from the three grouper species were processed for Hg analysis from 2013–2015. Concentrations of Hg ranged from 0.03 to 0.87 ppm wet weight, with a mean of 0.30 ppm. Gag accumulated Hg at a faster rate (as measured by the increase of Hg with fish age) than the other two species. Size, age, and δ15N were significant predictors for Hg in the two Mycteroperca species, while size and age were significant predictors for Hg in red grouper. Two of the three species had mean Hg concentrations within the one meal per week “Good Choices” consumption category (red grouper and scamp), and one species (gag) had a mean Hg level within the two meals per week “Good Choices” consumption category as advised by the US EPA and US FDA. These results support the separation of grouper species in advisories.
Lesbian Step Families: An Ethnography of Love

Contents Complexity and Opportunity * The Family Gestalt * We Are (Normal) Family * The Lesbian Couple as Heads of Household: Attempting Matriarchy in the Shadow of Patriarchy * Outside/Insight: Creating the Step Mother Role and Redefining the Mother Role * Forging Families in a Heterosexual Supremacist Environment * Free to Be You and Me * Appendices * References * Index
DMEFS: a Web portal for METOC modeling

The exponential growth in data communications, specifically the Internet and Web applications, is dramatic advances related to distributed computational environments. The Distributed Maritime-Environment Forecast System (DMEFS) infrastructure provides such an environment that focuses on METOC (meteorological and oceanic) models and applications. It provides the developer/user desktop access to geographically distributed high performance computational resources (both hardware and software), community models, distributed data servers, tools and utilities (visualization, grid generation, etc.), all in a collaborative environment via a Web portal. Its intelligent middle-ware, through a familiar Web browser interface, assists the user (a model developer or operator) with defining a computational task, mapping the task onto computational resources, and analyzing, as well as disseminating, results.
A reactive computational model of En-Route controller

Although computational modeling of human performance provides significant value in complex domains, its use has been mostly confined to simple human computer interaction (HCI) tasks due to difficulty in constructing models in such domains. The aim of this paper is to present the construction of a reactive human performance model from detailed cognitive task analysis in the apex cognitive architecture [Freed, M (1998)]. We show the construction of a sequence of predicted human behavior from elementary human performance templates and further validate the templates by comparing the task completion times to the human-in-the-loop simulation data obtained from the federal aviation administration.
Deporting Our Souls: Values, Morality, and Immigration Policy

Introduction: hysteria and shame 1. Illegal immigration: give them a parade 2. Deporting our souls 3. Promoting family values and immigration 4. Misusing immigration policies in the name of homeland security 5. A welcome wagon for new Americans Epilogue: a policy of humanity.
Individuals receiving addiction treatment: are medical costs of their family members reduced?

Aims To examine whether alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment of the individual with AOD disorders is related to reduced medical costs of family members.
Evidence for the predominance of denitrification as a source of N2O in temperate agricultural soils based on isotopologue measurements

[1] Isotopologue values were used to quantify the contribution of denitrification to nitrous oxide (N2O) flux in agricultural and early successional fields in southwest Michigan. Nitrous oxide-δ15N and δ18O values were poor estimators of microbial origins compared to site preference (SP) (difference in δ15N between the outer and central N atoms of N2O). Site preference was used to evaluate the importance of denitrification (including nitrifier denitrification) in N2O production. Average flux-weighted SP values for each field ranged between 2.9 and 14.6‰ and, on the basis of SP values for N2O production from denitrification (0‰) and collectively for nitrification and fungal denitrification (37‰), these values indicate that between 61 and 92% of N2O originated from denitrification. Reduction of N2O ranged from undetectable to as much as 50% of production; and because reduction increases SP, our results underestimate the percentage of N2O from bacterial denitrification. The SP values in our study clearly indicate that denitrification is the predominant source of soil-derived N2O.
Knowledge-conscious data clustering

We consider the problem of efficiently executing data clustering queries in a client-server setting. Extant solutions to this problem suffer from (a) a significant amount of remote I/O and (b) minimal re-use of computation between both iterations of a kMeans query, and executions of different kMeans queries. We propose to facilitate interactive kMeans clustering by employing a client-side knowledge-cache. This knowledge-cache is succinct and significantly reduces the amount of remote I/O needed during execution. Furthermore, it permits the re-use of computation, both within and between executions of the kMeans queries.
Savages to the left of me, neurasthenics to the right, stuck in the middle with you: inebriety and human nature in American society, 1855-1900.

In the second half of 19th-century America, inebriety was defined as a disease of “civilized” life that affected the “better” classes of society. This formulation was based on the belief that the use of intoxicating substances was a perennial aspect of human nature that was distorted by the modern environment. Using a variety of medical and popular writings, this article explores the ways in which middle-class interpretations of the use of intoxicating substances were inextricably bound to ideas of human nature. Cravings for alcohol and drugs reflected the toll that progress had presumably wrought upon American minds and bodies even as the effects of intoxication seemingly revealed the primitive nature that remained. Pendant la seconde moitie du 19eme siecle, l’ivresse etait decrite en Amerique comme une maladie de la civilisation qui affectait les « meilleures » classes de la societe. Cette formulation se basait sur la croyance que la consommation de substances instoxicantes etait un aspect persistant de la nature humaine, ayant ete deformee par l’environnement moderne. A partir d’ecrits medicaux et populaires varies, cet article explore les manieres dont des interpretations de classe moyenne de l’utilisation de substances intoxicantes ont ete inextricablement liees aux idees de la nature humaine. Bien que les effets de l’intoxication semblent relever la nature primitive restante, le besoin d’alcool et de drogue etait plutot une manifestation de ce que le progres avait forge dans les esprits et les corps des Americains.
Approximate Computing: An Energy-Efficient Computing Technique for Error Resilient Applications

Approximate computing has become a well-known computing technique in recent years. It relies on the ability of many systems and applications to self-heal or to tolerate some loss of quality or optimality in the computed result. The main idea is to exploit the inherent error resiliency or error tolerance of the system to achieve energy efficiency, or in other words, trading accuracy with energy consumption. Such trade-off, in most cases, is also associated with performance improvements like faster operations, area reduction etc. Fortunately, most of the heavy workloads nowadays exhibit intrinsic application resilience [1],[2]. In most multimedia applications, the final output is interpreted by human senses, which are not perfect. This fact averts the need to produce exact outputs. Recent research efforts have quantitatively ascertained the high degree of inherent resilience in many applications. For example, our analysis of a benchmark suite of 12 recognition, vision and multimedia applications shows that on average, 83% of the runtime is spent in computations that can tolerate at least some degree of approximation [3]. Therefore, there is a potential to leverage inherent resilience in a broad context. Let us consider digital signal processing (DSP). In multi-media applications, DSP blocks implement image, sound and video processing algorithms, where the final output is either an image or sound or a video for human senses. When interpreting an image or a sound or a video, human beings have limited perceptual capacities. This allows the system to be flexible in producing quality outputs. As an example, the relaxation on numerical precision provides some freedom to carry out imprecise or approximate computation. Another example of approximate signal processing is the utilization of incremental refinement. In [4], number of ideas and approaches regarding the use of incremental refinement to develop energy efficient structures for the basic application-specific DSP systems such as FFT, DFT, DCT, FIR, IIR etc. have been discussed. It is evident that the tradeoffs may allow approximate computing to handle tasks beyond what we can do with traditional computing.There are different levels of design abstraction where approximate computing methods can be implemented [4]- [10]. In this paper we will briefly describe different approaches that we have developed to implement approximate hardware for error resilient applications.
Application of Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Pavement Construction Control

A comprehensive testing program was conducted to evaluate the potential use of the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) in the quality control-quality assurance procedure during the construction of pavement layers and embankments. The laboratory tests were conducted on different materials prepared inside two test boxes measuring 1.5 m × 0.9 m × 0.9 m (5 ft × 3 ft × 3 ft) located at the Louisiana Transportation Research Center (LTRC). The field tests were performed on different highway sections in Louisiana. In addition, nine test sections were constructed and tested at the pavement research facility site of the LTRC. In all laboratory and field tests, DCP tests were carried out in conjunction with the plate load test (PLT). Also, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were carried out on the field sections. California bearing ratio (CBR) laboratory tests were performed on samples collected from the tested sections. Regression analysis was carried out on the collected data to correlate the DCP penetration rate with the three reference tests used in this study (PLT, FWD, and CBR). Further field tests were conducted to verify the developed regression models. The results showed that the developed models yielded good predictions of the measured FWD moduli and CBR values. This suggests that these models can be used reliably to evaluate the stiffness and strength of pavement materials.
Burst kinetics and turnover in an esterase mimic

Abstract A catalyst combining a cyclodextrin binding group with a bound zinc cation and an oxime anion cleaves bound esters in a two step process. A catalyst combining a cyclodextrin binding group with a bound zinc cation and an oxime anion cleaves bound esters in a two step process. Download full-size image
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase and phospholipase A activities in plasma membranes from fusing muscle cells

Abstract Plasma membranes from fusing embryonic muscle cells were assayed for phospholipase A activity to determine if this enzyme plays a role in cell fusion. The membranes were assayed under a variety of conditions with phosphatidylcholine as the substrate and no phospholipase A activity was found. The plasma membranes did contain a phosphatidic acid phosphatase which was optimally active in the presence of Triton X-100 and glycerol. The enzyme activity was constant from pH 5.2 to 7.0, and did not require divalent cations. Over 97% of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity was in the particulate fraction. The subcellular distribution of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase was the same as the distibutions of the plasma membrane markers, Na + + K + )-ATPase and the acetylcholine receptor, which indicates that this phosphatase is located exclusively in the plasma membranes. There was no detectable difference in the phosphatidic acid phosphatase activities of plasma membranes from fusing and non-fusing cells.
A spatial analysis of pavement variability

This paper looks at applying spatial statistics models to a number of types of data commonly available in pavement engineering, such as core thickness and air-void data, ground-penetrating radar-derived layer thicknesses and back-calculated stiffness values. The goals of the paper are to show how spatial statistics can be used to aid in the understanding of pavement-related data, to give some insights into what can and cannot be achieved, to aid pavement engineers exploring spatial statistics in understanding the results they are seeing in their analyses, and to help plan data collection and experiments. The focus of the paper is on determining the spatial properties, not in the use of the derived models in analysis, but some implications of spatial variability for pavement design are discussed.
Reexamine structures and relative stability of medium-sized silicon clusters: Low-lying endohedral fullerene-like clusters Si30–Si38

Abstract We report improved results of lowest-lying silicon clusters Si 30 –Si 38 . A large population of low-energy clusters are collected from previous searches by several research groups and the binding energies of these clusters are computed using density-functional theory (DFT) methods. Best candidates (isomers with high binding energies) are identified from the screening calculations. Additional constrained search is then performed for the best candidates using the basin-hopping method combined with DFT geometry optimization. The obtained low-lying clusters are classified according to binding energies computed using either the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional or the Becke exchange and Lee–Yang–Parr correlation (BLYP) functional. We propose to rank low-lying clusters according to the mean PBE/BLYP binding energies in view that the PBE functional tends to give greater binding energies for more compact clusters whereas the BLYP functional tends to give greater binding energies for less compact clusters or clusters composed of small-sized magic-number clusters. Except for Si 30 , the new search confirms again that medium-size silicon clusters Si 31 –Si 38 constructed with proper fullerene cage motifs are most promising to be the lowest-energy structures.
Work-related injuries of doctors of chiropractic in the United States.

Abstract Purpose This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and types of work-related injuries among a nationwide sample of chiropractors and to identify factors associated with these injuries. Methods Using a survey, 1000 randomly selected doctors of chiropractic in the United States were asked to record their 3 most serious injuries. Details were obtained about the type of injury, area of the body affected, activity performed at that time, year of practice when the injury had occurred, if the doctor had needed to take time off from work, and what they had changed as a result of the injury. Results A total of 422 responses were obtained (42.2%), yielding 397 usable surveys. One hundred fifty-nine chiropractors (40.1%) reported experiencing a total of 252 injuries while working. Most injuries were classified as soft tissue injuries and occurred while either performing (66.7%) or positioning (11.1%) a patient for manipulation. Body parts most commonly injured were the wrist/hand/finger (42.9%), shoulder (25.8%), and low back (24.6%). The anatomic areas of the patient being manipulated in which the doctor was injured were the lumbosacral (37.1%) and thoracic spine (21.6%). Shoulder ( P P Conclusion A high prevalence of upper extremity injuries was reported in the group surveyed. These injuries were most often related to side-posture manipulation to the lumbar spine. Because most injuries occurred early on in the career and required a change in technique, greater efforts toward injury prevention education should be aimed toward chiropractic students.
α-MSH injected into the septal region reduces fever in rabbits

Abstract In previous research the concentration of α-MSH within the septal region of rabbits increased with fever. This finding raises the possibility that the septal concentration of this peptide, which reduces fever when given both peripherally and intracerebroventricularly, is important to limitation of fever. To test this idea, rabbits with cannulas in the septal region were made febrile by IV injections of leukocytic pyrogen (LP). Injection of α-MSH (1 μg bilaterally) into the septal region did reduce fever, consistent with the idea that the increase in septal α-MSH concentration which occurs naturally in fever limits the febrile response. We also noted late rises in body temperature when experimental and control septal injections were given close together in time. These increases in temperature were similar to those known to occur after injections into the primary temperature control in the PO/AH region. This commonality further strengthens the possibility that septal neurons are important to central modulation of body temperature.
The incidence of post-discharge surgical site infection in the injured patient.

Background: Approximately 50% of surgical site infections (SSI) after elective surgery occur after discharge. Adequate surveillance for these infections requires a mechanism for post-discharge follow up. The incidence of SSI after injury is as high as 30%. As post-discharge follow up in the trauma population is difficult, we set out to ascertain the incidence of post-discharge SSI in a cohort of high-risk trauma patients. Methods: Patients (n = 268) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of leukoreduced versus regular blood transfusions were evaluated either in person or by structured telephone survey 28 days after admission regarding the presence of SSI. Inclusion criteria were age > 17 years and blood transfusion within 24 hours of injury. Results: Among the 268 patients, 39 (15%) developed a SSI. There were 27 SSI identified in hospital and 13 identified in the post-discharge period after a median length of stay of 17 days (one patient had more than one SSI). Although the 13 patients who developed a SSI in the post-discharge period comprised only 7% (13 of 194) of the cohort that had at least one operative procedure and survived to discharge, these patients represented 33% (13 of 39) of all patients who developed a SSI. Conclusion: Despite their prolonged length of stay compared with elective surgical patients, a significant proportion of SSI after injury occurs after discharge. These data support the need for a post-discharge surveillance system in either clinical trials or for quality assurance.
Differential effect of alcohol on aggressive behavior in dominant and subordinate hamsters.

Pairs of male golden hamsters were tested to see whether alcohol differentially affected the aggressive behavior of the hamsters depending upon dominance status. 14 pairs of singly-caged hamsters were used. Dominance relationships were established between pairs of hamsters and the hamster pairs were then divided into two groups, one in which previous winners received alcohol and a second in which previous losers received alcohol. Hamsters were injected with either 2 gm alcohol/kg body weight or normal saline, and pairs were then tested in an arena for 3 min. or until one animal lost an encounter. When previous winners received alcohol fighting behavior decreased, but when previous losers received alcohol fighting was essentially the same as in the saline control condition.
Effect of the surface heterogeneity of the stationary phase on the range of concentrations for linear chromatography.

The range of sample sizes within which linear chromatographic behavior is achieved in a column depends on the surface heterogeneity of the RPLC adsorbents. Two widely different commercial adsorbents were tested, the end-capped XTerra-C18 and the non-end-capped Resolve-C18. Adsorption isotherm data of caffeine were acquired by frontal analysis. These data were modeled and used to calculate the adsorption energy distribution (AED). This double analysis informs on the degree of surface heterogeneity. The best adsorption isotherm models are the bi-Langmuir and the tetra-Langmuir isotherms for XTerra and Resolve, respectively. Their respective AEDs are bimodal and quadrimodal distributions. This interpretation of the results and the actual presence of a low density of high-energy adsorption sites on Resolve-C18 were validated by measuring the dependence of the peak retention times on the size of caffeine samples (20-μL volume, concentrations 10, 1, 0.1, 1 × 10-2, 1 × 10-3, 1 × 10-4, and 1 × 10-5 g/L). The expe...
Oxygenation and Flow in the Limbs: Novel Methods to Characterize Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects approximately 8 million Americans and is associated with high morbidity and increased mortality. Current therapies for PAD are limited and development of new therapeutic agents is needed. Present diagnostic methods for PAD are insensitive to the subtle microvascular and metabolic changes that occur beyond macrovacular stenosis and therefore may be less useful endpoints for clinical trials. Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, MR muscle perfusion, and MR oximetry are novel methods capable of evaluating both the macrovascular and microvascular changes that occur in PAD patients.
High temperature micro-glassblowing process demonstrated on fused quartz and ULE TSG

Abstract We report, for the first time, a MEMS fabrication process for building atomically smooth, symmetric 3-D wineglass and spherical shell structures, using low internal loss materials, namely fused quartz and ultra low expansion titania silicate glass (ULE TSG). The approach consists of three major steps: (1) a deep fused quartz cavity etch, (2) plasma activated bonding of fused quartz to fused quartz or TSG and (3) a high temperature (up to 1700 °C) micro-glassblowing process. An in-house process capability of 1800 °C glassblowing with a rapid cooling rate of 500 °C/min was developed. Feasibility of the process has been demonstrated by fabrication of fused quartz and TSG micro-glassblown structures. Spherical and inverted-wineglass shells with self-aligned stem structures were fabricated using this process. The approach may enable new classes of TSG and fused quartz MEMS devices with extremely low surface roughness (0.23 nm surface average), intrinsically low thermoelastic dissipation (QTED > 5E+10), and highly symmetric structures (radial error
Ghost orbitals and the basis set extension effects

Abstract The use of identical basis sets for monomer and dimer, in intermolecular calculations, is discussed. Evidence is presented that such a technique eliminates a basis set extension effect and gives a considerably better description of the intermolecular interaction than normal supermolecule calculations.
Brucella abortus infection in infancy and childhood

Summary 1. A review of the literature of Br. abortus infection in infants and children indicates the infrequency of the disease in the younger age groups. 2. A case of Br. abortus infection in a six-year-old boy is presented in which the history and clinical course are typical, and in which the agglutination reaction, blood culture and urine culture were all positive for Br. abortus. 3. One hundred and eleven agglutinations have been done on the sera of patients where the diagnosis of Br. abortus infection was considered. Of these, the case presented here is the only positive one.
Alumina ultrafiltration membranes derived from carboxylate–alumoxane nanoparticles

Abstract The fabrication of asymmetric alumina ultrafiltration membranes using acetic acid surface stabilized alumina nanoparticles (A-alumoxanes) has been investigated. Contacting α-alumina supports with an aqueous solution of A-alumoxane (after firing to 1000°C) yields a defect free alumina membrane with a thickness of ca. 2 μm. The alumoxane-derived membranes have a molecular weight cut-off in the range of 35,000–44,000 g mol −1 , high porosity, and a permeability that is comparable to or greater than that of commercially available alumina membranes. SEM and AFM show that the surface of the alumoxane-derived membranes is quite smooth and contact angles show that the membrane is hydrophillic. A comparison with commercial alumina and polymer membranes, as well as those derived from sol–gel methods is presented.
Bile Duct Calculi – The New Challenges

Background: Morbidity and mortality after surgical treatment of bileduct stones increase with age and associated diseases. A proposed alternative therapy is endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) with the gallbladder left in situ, and we elected to compare this option with standard open surgery in high-risk patients.Methods: 98 patients (mean age 80 years) with symptoms likely to be due to bileduct stones or a recent episode of biliary parcreatitis were randomised to be treated either by open cholecystectomy with operative cholangiography and (if necessary) bileduct exploration (n=48) or by endoscopic sphincterotomy alone (n=50).Findings: The procedure was accomplished successfully in 94% of the surgery group and 88% of the ES group, and there were no significant differences in immediate morbidity (23% vs 16%) or mortality (4% vs 6%). During mean follow-up of 17 months biliary symptoms recurred in three surgical patients, none of whom underwent repeat surgery, and in 10 ES patients, seven of whom had biliary surgery. By multivariate regression analysis endoscopic sphincterotomy was an independent predictor of recurrent biliary symptoms (odds ratio 6.9; 95% C11.46 to 32.54).Interpretation: In elderly or high-risk patients, surgery is preferably to endoscopic sphincterotomy with the gallbladder left in situ as a definitive treatment for bileduct stones or non-severe biliary pancreatitis.
Self-assembly of polymeric microspheres of complex internal structures

Self-assembly can easily produce intricate structures that would be difficult to make by conventional fabrication means. Here, self-assembly is used to prepare multicomponent polymeric microspheres of arbitrary internal symmetries. Droplets of liquid prepolymers are printed onto a water-soluble hydrogel, and are allowed to spread and coalesce into composite patches. These patches are then immersed in an isodense liquid, which both compensates the force of gravity and dissolves the gel beneath the polymers. Subsequently, the patches fold into spheres whose internal structures are dictated by the arrangement of the droplets printed onto the surface. The spheres can be solidified either thermally or by ultraviolet radiation. We present a theoretical analysis of droplet spreading, coalescence and folding. Conditions for the stability of the folded microspheres are derived from linear stability analysis. The composite microbeads that we describe are likely to find uses in optics, colloidal self-assembly and controlled-delivery applications.
Mathematical study of the $\beta$-plane model for rotating fluids in a thin layer

This article is concerned with an oceanographic model describing the asymptotic behaviour of a rapidly rotating and incompressible fluid with an inhomogeneous rotation vector; the motion takes place in a thin layer. We first exhibit a stationary solution of the system which consists of an interior part and a boundary layer part. The spatial variations of the rotation vector generate strong singularities within the boundary layer, which have repercussions on the interior part of the solution. The second part of the article is devoted to the analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional waves. It is shown that the thin layer effect modifies the propagation of three-dimensional Poincar\'e waves by creating small scales. Using tools of semi-classical analysis, we prove that the energy propagates at speeds of order one, i.e. much slower than in traditional rotating fluid models.
Hydrogen and fossil fuels

Abstract A technological forecast is attempted of how fossil fuels will fare during the period of build-up of the hydrogen energy economy. If the latter is inevitable many might expect their death. However, they will probably always be needed as a source of chemicals, and arguments are given for the thesis that synthetic methane will remain a useful fuel even after oil and natural gas are exhausted. It seems likely that the fossil fuel industry can survive, prosper, and provide employment by becoming a significant part of the hydrogen energy economy. The roles of ammonia and of nuclear and geothermal energy are also briefly considered.
The flow and mixing mechanisms caused by the impingement of an immiscible interface with a vertical jet

This paper summarizes a series of experiments to determine the effects of impinging a water and diesel fuel interface with a water jet. Four distinct flow regimes and associated mixing mechanisms were identified as primarily a function of an interface Richardson number, Rii and to a lesser extent the Reynolds number, Re. In flow regime 1, which occurred at Rii>15, the jet impinged the interface and formed a slight deformation. Flow behaved similarly to a jet impinging a solid boundary and no mixing was observed. Regime 2 occurred at 15>Rii>1.1. With decreasing Rii, the interfacial deformation became taller and steeper and a flow separation developed at its edge. Mixing resulted from the formation of a fuel lip at the flow separation point. In regime 3, which occurred at Rii<1.1, the water jet penetrated deeply into the fuel layer causing an unstable deformation that successively collapsed and reformed. Mixing resulted from the impact of the collapsing deformation. Finally, in regime 4, the jet’s momentum was sufficient to impact the solid boundary at the top of the fuel layer, creating a cloud of water droplets.
The initial value problem for the Whitham averaged system

We study the initial value problem for the Whitham averaged system which is important in determining the KdV zero dispersion limit. We use the hodograph method to show that, for a generic non-trivial monotone initial data, the Whitham averaged system has a solution within a region in thex-t plane for all time bigger than a large time. Furthermore, the Whitham solution matches the Burgers solution on the boundaries of the region. For hump-like initial data, the hodograph method is modified to solve the non-monotone (inx) solutions of the Whitham averaged system. In this way, we show that, for a hump-like initial data, the Whitham averaged system has a solution within a cusp for a short time after the increasing and decreasing parts of the initial data beging to interact. On the cusp, the Whitham and Burgers solutions are matched.
Gregarious settlement by megalopae of the porcelain crabs Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall) and P. eriomerus Stimpson

Abstract Settlement was studied in two vertically separated populations of the filter-feeding porcelain crabs Petrolisthes cinctipes (Randall) and Petrolisthes eriomerus Stimpson near Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada. Within their respective tidal levels, megalopae of each species settled preferentially in cages containing conspecific adults. In addition, P. cinctipes was induced to settle below its normal tidal level in response to caged adults; similar settlement preference was also found in the laboratory, thus, demonstrating the first example of gregarious settlement among the Decapoda. While not as critical as for sessile organisms, the use of conspecific cues by crabs insures settlement in a suitable location while helping maintain existing zonation patterns, and may enhance postlarval survival through protection imparted by the presence of adult crabs.