cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical insights, explicit chemistry, and yields of secondary organic aerosol from OH radical oxidation of methylglyoxal and glyoxal in the aqueous phase

Abstract. Atmospherically abundant, volatile water-soluble organic compounds formed through gas-phase chemistry (e.g., glyoxal (C 2 ), methylglyoxal (C 3 ), and acetic acid) have great potential to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) via aqueous chemistry in clouds, fogs, and wet aerosols. This paper (1) provides chemical insights into aqueous-phase OH-radical-initiated reactions leading to SOA formation from methylglyoxal and (2) uses this and a previously published glyoxal mechanism (Lim et al., 2010) to provide SOA yields for use in chemical transport models. Detailed reaction mechanisms including peroxy radical chemistry and a full kinetic model for aqueous photochemistry of acetic acid and methylglyoxal are developed and validated by comparing simulations with the experimental results from previous studies (Tan et al., 2010, 2012). This new methylglyoxal model is then combined with the previous glyoxal model (Lim et al., 2010), and is used to simulate the profiles of products and to estimate SOA yields. At cloud-relevant concentrations (~ 10 −6 − ~ 10 −3 M; Munger et al., 1995) of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, the major photooxidation products are oxalic acid and pyruvic acid, and simulated SOA yields (by mass) are ~ 120% for glyoxal and ~ 80% for methylglyoxal. During droplet evaporation oligomerization of unreacted methylglyoxal/glyoxal that did not undergo aqueous photooxidation could enhance yields. In wet aerosols, where total dissolved organics are present at much higher concentrations (~ 10 M), the major oxidation products are oligomers formed via organic radical–radical reactions, and simulated SOA yields (by mass) are ~ 90% for both glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Non-radical reactions (e.g., with ammonium) could enhance yields.
Stabilization of linear conservative dynamical systems using cyclic energy dissipation

In a previous paper [1] we addressed the following problem: Under what conditions can a conservative mechanical circuit consisting of point masses and linear springs be stabilized by adding persistent damping (e.g., using dashpots) at appropriate locations in the circuit? In answering this question, we arrived at a new invariance theorem for linear time-invariant systems (necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability in the large) which is equivalent to the LaSalle-Barbashin-Krasovskii invariant theorem. This result involves a certain observability condition for linear systems. In the present paper, we extend the above result by asking the more general question: Under what conditions can we stabilize the above conservative dynamical system using intermittent energy dissipation over arbitrary duty cycles.
Identifying Transport Behavior of Single-Molecule Trajectories

Models of biological diffusion-reaction systems require accurate classification of the underlying diffusive dynamics (e.g., Fickian, subdiffusive, or superdiffusive). We use a renormalization group operator to identify the anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion behavior from a short trajectory of a single molecule. The method provides quantitative information about the underlying stochastic process, including its anomalous scaling exponent. The classification algorithm is first validated on simulated trajectories of known scaling. Then it is applied to experimental trajectories of microspheres diffusing in cytoplasm, revealing heterogeneous diffusive dynamics. The simplicity and robustness of this classification algorithm makes it an effective tool for analysis of rare stochastic events that occur in complex biological systems.
GENETIC VARIATION WITHIN AND BETWEEN STRAINS OF THE FALL ARMYWORM, SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

Abstract Limited information exists on molecular genetic variation and distribution of the corn and rice strains of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). This study was conducted to investigate the genetic structure of S. frugiperda across a part of its range in the United States. A 608-base-pair portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and II genes was sequenced from 71 individuals resulting in three corn and four rice strain haplotypes. Genetic divergence between the two strains ranged from 0.66 to 0.99%. A 562-base-pair region of the nuclear ITS-1 gene was also amplified and sequenced from 17 individuals representing both corn and rice strains. No variation was detected in any of the samples for the ITS-1 region. Analysis of molecular variance was conducted on the resulting mtDNA haplotypes from the Arkansas and Florida populations and as a hierarchical analysis between populations in the two states. Results indicate a significant overall ΦST for all populations with the hiera...
Brief Adaptive control of nonlinearly parameterized systems with a triangular structure

This paper deals with adaptive control of a class of nonlinear systems with a triangular structure and nonlinear parameterization. In Kojic et al. [(Systems Control Lett. 37 (1999) 267)] it was shown that a class of second-order nonlinearly parameterized systems can be adaptively controlled in a globally stable manner. In this paper, we extend our approach to all nth order systems that have a triangular structure. Global boundedness and convergence to within a desired precision @e is established for both regulation and tracking. Extensions to cascaded systems containing linear dynamics and static nonlinearities are also presented.
Rate of Perihematomal Edema Expansion Predicts Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objectives Intracerebral hemorrhage is a devastating disorder with no current treatment. Whether perihematomal edema is an independent predictor of neurologic outcome is controversial. We sought to determine whether perihematomal edema expansion rate predicts outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary medical center. Patients One hundred thirty-nine consecutive supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients 18 years or older admitted between 2000 and 2013. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and perihematomal edema volumes were measured from CT scans obtained at presentation, 24-hours, and 72-hours postintracerebral hemorrhage. Perihematomal edema expansion rate was the difference between initial and follow-up perihematomal edema volumes divided by the time interval. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between 1) perihematomal edema expansion rate at 24 hours and 90-day mortality and 2) perihematomal edema expansion rate at 24 hours and 90-day modified Rankin Scale score. Perihematomal edema expansion rate between admission and 24-hours postintracerebral hemorrhage was a significant predictor of 90-day mortality (odds ratio, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.48-5.99; p = 0.002). This association persisted after adjusting for all components of the intracerebral hemorrhage score (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.05-4.64; p = 0.04). Similarly, higher 24-hour perihematomal edema expansion rate was associated with poorer modified Rankin Scale score in an ordinal shift analysis (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.37-4.21; p = 0.002). The association persisted after adjustment for all intracerebral hemorrhage score components (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.12-3.83; p = 0.02). Conclusions Faster perihematomal edema expansion rate 24-hours postintracerebral hemorrhage is associated with worse outcome. Perihematomal edema may represent an attractive translational target for secondary injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.
MoS2–Titanium Contact Interface Reactions

The formation of the Ti–MoS2 interface, which is heavily utilized in nanoelectronic device research, is studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is found that, if deposition under high vacuum (∼1 × 10–6 mbar) as opposed to ultrahigh vacuum (∼1 × 10–9 mbar) conditions are used, TiO2 forms at the interface rather than Ti. The high vacuum deposition results in an interface free of any detectable reaction between the semiconductor and the deposited contact. In contrast, when metallic titanium is successfully deposited by carrying out depositions in ultrahigh vacuum, the titanium reacts with MoS2 forming TixSy and metallic Mo at the interface. These results have far reaching implications as many prior studies assuming Ti contacts may have actually used TiO2 due to the nature of the deposition tools used.
Depression and Rural Environment Are Associated With Poor Oral Health Among Pregnant Women in Northern Appalachia

Both oral health problems and depression among pregnant women contribute to maternal-infant health outcomes. Little is known, however, about the potential effects of clinically significant depression on the oral health status of pregnant women. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of clinically significant depression and rural- or urban-dwelling status on oral health outcomes among pregnant women. Pregnant women (N = 685) in rural (i.e., West Virginia) and urban (i.e., Pittsburgh, PA) areas of northern Appalachia were assessed by calibrated examiners regarding gingivitis, oral hygiene, and DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth), completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and provided demographics. Participants were categorized based on clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) and rural/urban domicile. Women with depression and those living in rural areas had worse oral health on all three indices than their non-depressed and urban counterparts. Depression, particularly among women in rural areas, affects certain oral health indices and represents a modifiable target for intervention. Moreover, treatments designed specifically for rural populations may be of particular utility. Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant may benefit from regular depression screenings from their dental and medical health care providers.
RESPONSES OF NESTING SAVANNAH SPARROWS TO FLUCTUATIONS IN GRASSHOPPER DENSITIES IN INTERIOR ALASKA

ABSTRAcr.-Grasshopper populations on the Delta Agricultural Project area in interior Alaska exhibit a strong biennial periodicity. This phenomenon allowed us to study dietary, reproductive, and numerical responses of nesting Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) to fluctuations in prey abundance. Grasshopper densities exceeded 25/M2 in 1990 but were less than 1/M2 in 1991. In 1990, 61% of the identifiable food items brought to the nest were grasshoppers. In 1991, Lepidoptera larvae and Diptera were the most common items brought to the nests and no grasshopper deliveries were observed. Fledging success was 97% in 1990 and 96% in 1991. At least one nestling per nest successfully fledged each year. Mean clutch size was significantly higher during the high grasshopper densities in 1990. Reduced growth measurements of nestlings were obtained in 1991 compared to 1990. Effects on growth appeared to be greater early in development, rather than prior to fledging. Savannah Sparrow densities did not differ between the two years. Although a positive response to high grasshopper densities was observed, the magnitude of the response was diminutive compared with the large difference in prey abundance between years. This suggests that factors other than food limit reproductive output in this population of Savannah Sparrows. Received 13 May 1993, accepted 2 July 1993.
Spatio-temporal changes of a mangrove–saltmarsh ecotone in the northeastern coast of Florida, USA

Abstract General circulation models predict warming trends and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns that have the potential to alter the structure and function of coastal habitats. The purpose of this study was to quantify the expansion and contraction of mangroves and saltmarsh habitats and assess the impact of climate on these landscape changes. The study was conducted in a mangrove/saltmarsh ecotone in Flagler County, FL, near the northern range limit of mangroves along the Atlantic coast of North America. We used time series of historical aerial photography and high-resolution multispectral satellite imagery from 1942 to 2013 to quantify changes in the extent of mangrove and saltmarsh vegetation and compared these changes to climate variables of temperature and precipitation, temperature–seasonality, as well as historical sea-level data. Results showed increases in mangrove extent of 89% between 1942 and 1952, and a continuous increase from 1995 to 2013. Largest decrease in saltmarsh extent occurred between 1942 and 1952 (-136%) and between 2008 and 2013 (-81%). We found significant effects of precipitation, temperature, seasonality, and time on mangrove and saltmarsh areal extent. The statistical effect of sea-level was rather small, but we speculate that it might have ecological impacts on these two coastal ecosystems. Results also showed a cyclical dynamism as well as a reversal in habitat dominance, which may be the result of complex interactions between plant habitats and several environmental drivers of change such as species interactions, and hydrological changes induced by sea-level rise, in addition to temperature and precipitation effects. Our results on mangrove/saltmarsh expansion and contraction may contribute to the improvement of management and conservation strategies for coastal ecosystems being impacted by climate change.
Use of multiple cluster analysis methods to explore the validity of a community outcomes concept map

Concept mapping is now a commonly-used technique for articulating and evaluating programmatic outcomes. However, research regarding validity of knowledge and outcomes produced with concept mapping is sparse. The current study describes quantitative validity analyses using a concept mapping dataset. We sought to increase the validity of concept mapping evaluation results by running multiple cluster analysis methods and then using several metrics to choose from among solutions. We present four different clustering methods based on analyses using the R statistical software package: partitioning around medoids (PAM), fuzzy analysis (FANNY), agglomerative nesting (AGNES) and divisive analysis (DIANA). We then used the Dunn and Davies-Bouldin indices to assist in choosing a valid cluster solution for a concept mapping outcomes evaluation. We conclude that the validity of the outcomes map is high, based on the analyses described. Finally, we discuss areas for further concept mapping methods research.
The Differential Sperm Protein 17 (Sp17) Expression in Normal Tissues and Myeloma Cells Is Due to Differences in Promoter Methylation.

Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a spermatozoa protein that we have previously identified to be aberrantly expressed in myeloma cells. Using a combination of RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis, we demonstrated that Sp17 showed a very restricted normal tissue expression, being detected only in normal testis, suggesting that Sp17 is a novel Cancer-Testis antigen in multiple myeloma. We subsequently showed that Sp17 expression in myeloma cell lines was regulated through promoter methylation and could be upregulated by demethylating agent such as 5-azacytidine. In the present study, we have used a combination of real time PCR and immunohistochemistry on a large panel of normal tissues to determine the pattern of differential expression of Sp17 in normal tissues and in myeloma cells. We also investigated, using restriction digest/PCR, whether or not any differential expression of Sp17 in these normal tissues is also regulated by promoter methylation. Using real time PCR, we found that Sp17 transcripts could be detected in some normal tissues. However, the levels of expression were less than 2% of those in normal testis. In contrast, Sp17+ myeloma cells expressed 3–18% of normal testis levels of Sp17 transcripts. This results, therefore, are similar to those obtained by real time PCR in some other CT antigens in which levels of We next determined if the differential expression of Sp17 in normal tissue was in fact regulated through promoted methylation. We previously identified that the HpaII sites at -359 and −350 of the Sp17 gene were involved in the regulation of Sp17 gene expression. Demethylation at these sites resulted in Sp17 gene expression. We have, therefore, used HpaII digest/PCR across these restriction sites in six normal tissues, i.e. kidney, blood, pancreas, skeletal muscle, spleen and testis. Normal testis consistently failed to produce any PCR products when amplified across the HpaII sites after restriction digest, suggesting that these HpaII sites were demethylated. In contrast, the corresponding HpaII sites in kidney, blood, pancreas, skeletal muscles and spleen consistently produced PCR products of the expected size, indicating methylation and insensitivity to HpaII restriction digest of the gene sequence within the Sp17 promoter. Control amplification across another gene segments in all normal tissues were positive. These results therefore provide evidence that the myeloma CT antigen, Sp17, exhibit a differential normal tissue expression that is regulated through promoter methylation.
Adaptive beamforming using distributed antenna Arrays: Joint versus distributed processing

This work presents our analysis on adaptive beamforming and combining techniques applied to a system consisting of distributed antenna arrays. Our analysis reveals the connection between the theoretical and the practical schemes for data combination. The important roles played by the canonical correlations (CC), which may or may not exist among multiple data sets in a distributed antenna system, are studied to justify the use of different combining techniques for different operation environments.
AnaFe : Visual Anal ytics of Image-derived Temporal Fe atures—Focusing on the Spleen

We present a novel visualization framework, AnaFe , targeted at observing changes in the spleen over time through multiple image-derived features. Accurate monitoring of progressive changes is crucial for diseases that result in enlargement of the organ. Our system is comprised of multiple linked views combining visualization of temporal 3D organ data, related measurements, and features. Thus it enables the observation of progression and allows for simultaneous comparison within and between the subjects. AnaFe offers insights into the overall distribution of robustly extracted and reproducible quantitative imaging features and their changes within the population, and also enables detailed analysis of individual cases. It performs similarity comparison of temporal series of one subject to all other series in both sick and healthy groups. We demonstrate our system through two use case scenarios on a population of 189 spleen datasets from 68 subjects with various conditions observed over time.
POLITICAL CAPITALISM IN THE GILDED AGE: THE TAMMANY BANK RUN OF 1871

The Tweed Ring spawned a vibrant financial sector that was integral to its brief success but has never been previously examined. William “Boss” Tweed and his allies employed banks controlled or comanaged by Tammany politicians to embezzle funds, build political alliances, and invest in a wide array of business ventures. The capital of these savings and commercial banks—city money, deposits from Catholic charities, and the savings of immigrant laborers—was accumulated through political channels. During their operation between 1867 and 1871, politician-bankers engaged in a mix of patronage deals and profit-driven financial speculation. In effect, Tammany banks were ground zero for the Ring's conversion of political hegemony into a windfall of economic capital that fueled party activities and buoyed personal fortunes. Importantly, the anti-Ring mobilization by upper-class reformers was more than a revolt of wealthy taxpayers concerned with abstract goals of good government or rescuing city credit; it was also a reaction by old-line bankers in direct competition with Tammany upstarts. A dramatic bank run catalyzed by reformers in November 1871 drove them into bankruptcy, bringing this novel experiment in political capitalism to an end.
The Estimation Method of Strength for Technology-Oriented 3D Printing Parts of Mobile Robots

Application of Rapid Prototyping technology for manufacturing of robotic parts became possible due to development of Fused Deposition Modeling method. The intensive progress in this method improvement was an effect of interdisciplinary cooperation of material science, physics and production engineers. FDM opened new horizons for many fields of e.g. industrial and medical applications. Production of customized demanding robotic parts requires effective method and reliable materials.
Characterization of Textures in Plates by Ultrasonic Plate Wave Velocities

Texture (preferred grain orientation) is an important material characteristic which influences the ability of sheet metal to be formed into parts of complex shapes such as beverage cans and automobile body parts. Another consequence of texture is an anisotropy in the elastic constants and ultrasonic wave speeds. Other papers in this symposium have discussed direct relationships between the wave speeds and formability parameters [1–3]. In the present work, the status of our current understanding of the accuracy of ultrasonic characterization of texture is reviewed, and an improved procedure for determining the coefficient W400 is proposed.
Neuroprotectants: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Based

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced membrane lipid peroxidation (LP) is clearly one of the best validated secondary injury mechanisms in preclinical focal ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) models. Two main sources of LP-initiating free radicals are ferrous iron (Fe 2+ )-driven Fenton reactions, which give rise to the highly reactive hydroxyl radical ( OH), and the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite (ONOO − ), which can similarly generate OH and the equally reactive nitrogen dioxide ( NO 2 ) and carbonate ( CO 3 ) radicals. After initiation of LP by these potent ROS, the process propagates through the membrane disrupting phospholipid structure and impairing the function of membrane-localized proteins. In addition, peroxidation of the LP-susceptible polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of neurotoxic aldehyde-containing products, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 2-propenal (acrolein) that bind to cellular proteins, impairing their normal functions and leading to generation of additional ROS. This chapter summarizes the progress over the years with regard to the preclinical discovery and attempted clinical development of antioxidant drugs for focal ischemic stroke and SAH, as well as newer ROS-based pharmacologic strategies.
Estratos de una voz femenina estadounidense Susan Howe, (1993) Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 208 páginas

Susan Howe. Nacida en Boston, Massachusetts, juventud en Cambridge. Epicentro del proyecto colonial. Epicentro del proyecto WASP. Blanco. An- glo-Sajon. Protestante. Mas: Varon. Dominio de Reverendo Cotton Mather, pastor nacido en el nuevo mundo cuya Historia Christi Americana. Una his- toria eclesiastica de nueva Inglaterra (1702) llena siete volumenes, ochocientas pagi- nas. Un documento, refleja Howe, cuya “combinacion idiosincratica de historia, fic- cion, sagradas escrituras, drama elizabetiana y barroca” refleja el estilo de otro tomo enorme, meditativo, famoso, que vendra despues: Moby Dick. La ballena blanca. Un epicentro de espada y de pluma, entonces, que es tambien una voragine y un mar que se abre para tragar barcos.
Lower bounds for quantized LDPC min-sum decoders based on absorbing sets

Previously published lower bounds on the error-floor performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with quantized sum-product algorithm (SPA) decoders need modification to apply to min-sum algorithm (MSA) decoders. In this paper we show that, due to the sub-optimality of MSA decoders, certain assumptions that apply to SPA decoders are not valid for MSA decoders. Based on appropriately modified assumptions, an improved technique is then proposed to evaluate lower bounds on the error floor performance of LDPC codes for an additive white Gaussian noise channel and a quantized MSA decoder. This new technique not only results in error floor bounds for MSA decoders, but also for SPA decoders. The obtained bound is based on an absorbing set, and a good error floor approximation can be obtained when the multiplicity of the absorbing set is known.
Addressing the Challenges of Structure Elucidation in Natural Products Possessing the Oxirane Moiety

NMR data for natural products containing the epoxy moiety have been revisited and reanalyzed with the help of a recently developed parametric/DFT hybrid computational method, DU8+. More than 20 structures needed revision, which points to challenges in NMR solution structure assignment for molecules possessing this structural feature. Among the revised structures are achicretin 2, acremine P, aromaticane I, artanomalide B, botryosphaerihydrofuran, chloroklotzchin, crithmifolide, crotodichogamoin A, emervaridone C, 9α,15-epoxyafricanane, fischambiguine B, grandilobalide B, guaianolide A, guatterfriesols A and B, juncenolide G, roscotane D, secoafricane 7, taccalonolides AJ and AF, and related compounds.
Maximum usable real-ear insertion gain with ten earmold designs.

The present study compared the maximum usable real-ear insertion gain (REIG) permitted by 10 earmold designs that varied in the amount of occlusion. These earmolds were coupled to a high-gain hearing aid (Phonak Super-Front PPCL) . In addition, the specificity of a nonoccluding earmold for the Oticon E43 hearing aid was examined . Maximum usable REIG, defined as the insertion gain obtained with the hearing aid set to just below the point of acoustic feedback after jaw movement, was determined in 10 hearing-impaired subjects. The results showed that earmold style had a significant effect on the magnitude of maximum REIG . Among the occluding earmolds, no difference in REIG was noted among the shell, canal, and skeleton earmolds, while the standard earmold permitted the least amount of maximum REIG . For the nonoccluding earmolds, those that were more occluding permitted greater REIG than those that were less occluding. The amount of occlusion on a nonoccluding earmold affected the maximum REIG provided by the Oticon E43 hearing aid.
Insights into the spontaneous formation of hybrid PdOx/PEDOT films: electroless deposition and oxygen reduction activity

Hybrid palladium oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PdOx/PEDOT) films were prepared through a spontaneous reaction between aqueous PdCl42− ions and a nanostructured film of electropolymerized PEDOT. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization indicate the presence of mixed-valence Pd species as-deposited (19 ± 7 at% Pd0, 64 ± 3 at% Pd2+, and 18 ± 4 at% Pd4+ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and the formation of stable, electrochemically reversible Pd0/α-PdOx active species in alkaline electrolyte and furthermore in the presence of oxygen. The elucidation of the Pd speciation as-deposited and in solution provides insight into the mechanism of electroless deposition in neutral aqueous conditions and the electrocatalytically active species during oxygen reduction in alkaline electrolyte. The PdOx/PEDOT film catalyses 4e− oxygen reduction (n = 3.97) in alkaline electrolyte at low overpotential (0.98 V vs. RHE, onset potential), with mass- and surface area-based specific activities competitive with, or superior to, commercial 20% Pt/C and state-of-the-art Pd- and PEDOT-based nanostructured catalysts. The high activity of the nanostructured hybrid PdOx/PEDOT film is attributed to effective dispersion of accessible, stable Pd active sites in the PEDOT matrix.
Constraint-Based Model Weaving

Aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) is a promising technique for untangling the concerns of complex enterprise software systems. AOM decomposes the crosscutting concerns of a model into separate models that can be woven together to form a composite solution model. In many domains, such as multi-tiered e-commerce web applications, separating concerns is much easier than deducing the proper way to weave the concerns back together into a solution model. For example, modeling the types and sizes of caches that can be leveraged by a Web application is much easier than deducing the optimal way to weave the caches back into the solution architecture to achieve high system throughput. This paper presents a technique called constraint-based weaving that maps model weaving to a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) and uses a constraint-solver to deduce the appropriate weaving strategy. By mapping model weaving to a CSP and leveraging a constraint solver, our technique (1) generates solutions that are correct with respect to the weaving constraints, (2) can incorporate complex global weaving constraints, (3) can provide weaving solutions that are optimal with respect to a weaving cost function, and (4) can eliminate manual effort that would normally be required to specify pointcuts and maintain them as target models change. The paper also presents the results of a case study that applies our CSP weaving technique to a representative enterprise Java application. Our evaluation of this case study showed a reduction in manual effort that our technique provides.
Nanocrystalline Cerium Oxide Catalytic Materials

Nanocrystalline cerium oxide was synthesized by inert gas condensation of a metallic cerium precursor, followed by oxidation. The structure of the resulting material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide-angle x-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption. Selective catalytic reduction of sulfur dioxide by carbon monoxide on nanocrystalline cerium oxide was studied in a microreactor, and compared to that of conventional cerium dioxide synthesized by the decomposition of cerium acetate. The nanocrystalline cerium oxide catalyst enabled 100% conversion at 500°C, about 100°C lower than the temperature needed in conventional cerium dioxide catalysts. The higher activity can be related to the considerable oxygen deficiency of the nanocrystalline cerium oxide due to incomplete oxidation. The nonstoichiometry of the nanocrystalline cerium oxide was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Cauchy Integral Formulas and Boundary Kernel Functions in Several Complex Variables

In the present paper we attempt to coordinate some of the recent works concerned with the construction of domain-dependent Cauchy integral formulas in several complex variables, and then to point out an intimate relationship to boundary kernel functions. In particular, we are looking for formulas that are holomorphic in the parameters involved and not only real analytic as for instance the Bochner-Martinelli formula which has been established in [2] and [13]. The circle of ideas got probably started with the establishment of the so-called Cauchy-Weil formula in [15]. A somewhat related formula was later discussed by S. Bergman in [1] where also its relationship to boundary kernel functions is discussed. However, these formulas are valid only for domains with very special boundary properties. This prompted the search for a formula for any type of domain. The existence of such a formula has recently been established by A. Gleason [9] and the author [3], and to a certain extent also by O. Forster [8].
Subarachnoid sufentanil versus lidocaine spinal anesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Background and Objectives Anesthetic techniques that reduce the time required for postoperative care can significantly reduce the cost of procedures. This study was designed to discover whether the use of subarachnoid sufentanil for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) would enable patients to be discharged more rapidly following surgery as compared with subarachnoid lidocaine, while providing equivalent efficacy. Methods Thirty-nine patients undergoing 40 ESWLs were randomized to receive either 12.5 μg of sufentanil or 75 mg of lidocaine by the subarachnoid route. The need for additional analgesia, incidence of adverse effects, and time to discharge were recorded and compared. Results Patients receiving sufentanil were discharged 52 minutes sooner than patients receiving lidocaine (166 ± 77 vs 218 ± 46 minutes, respectively, P Conclusions Subarachnoid sufentanil provides acceptable analgesia for ESWL and offers the advantages of more rapid discharge for female patients and better hemodynamic stability as compared with lidocaine spinal anesthesia.
Value of Multi-Disciplinary Systematic Evaluation of Acute Mechanical Circulatory Support for Cardiogenic Shock in a Regional Non-Transplant LVAD Center.

Background Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains a disease entity with an unacceptably high mortality. Early recognition provides the possibility of instituting therapies that can promote myocardial recovery and/or safer transition to a durable solution such as left ventricular assist device or heart transplant. Purpose The complexity and heterogeneity of CS patients requires expertise and longitudinal coordination of care. Early recognition and timely intervention remains paramount in this subset of patients. The aim this research is to examine the benefits of implementing a systematic approach to CS patients directed by a multidisciplinary team. Methods Descriptive retrospective chart review of 43 patients receiving acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) via Impella (CP or 5.0) with or without VA-ECMO for the indications of CS during a period from 2014 to 2016 at Baystate Medical Center. In September 2015, an AMCS/CS team initiated a systematic care program based on integration of clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic profiling. Results From January 2014 to December 2016, time to device implant went from an average of 5.4 days to 3.4 days. The number of cases performed per calendar year increased from 8 in 2014 to 21 in 2016. Patient profiling, namely echocardiographic assessment, right heart catheterization and weaning trails with hemolysis surveillance, increased from 50% to 85%; 2014 and 2016 respectively. Mortality during this time trended down from 45% in 2014 to 33% in 2016. Lastly, involvement of advanced heart failure specialist increased yearly (20% in 2014 and 85% in 2016). Conclusion We aim to highlight the importance of a multi-disciplinary systematic approach to CS patients, involving both early recognition and intervention. The importance of timely invasive strategies requires expertise and coordination of care amongst cardiovascular specialties and front-line clinicians. Implementation of a multidisciplinary AMCS/CS team resulted in streamlined care and profiling of optimal patient selection allowing earlier intervention. Through longitudinal care, we were able to drastically increase the volume of patients cared for with earlier AMCS intervention, ultimately providing a trend towards mortality improvement in this descriptive study. Multi-center prospective registry data will help define clinical and socioeconomic profiles associated with myocardial recovery.
The buoyant cell density of Cryptococcus neoformans is affected by capsule size

Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental pathogenic fungus with a worldwide geographical distribution that is responsible for hundreds of thousands human cryptococcosis cases each year. During infection, the yeast undergoes a morphological transformation involving capsular enlargement that increases microbial volume. To understand the factors that play a role in environmental dispersal of C. neoformans and C. gatii we evaluated the buoyant cell density of Cryptococcus using Percoll isopycnic gradients. We found differences in the buoyant cell density of strains belonging to C. neoformans and C. gatii species complexes. The buoyant cell density of C. neoformans strains varied depending on growth medium conditions. In minimal medium, the cryptococcal capsule made a major contribution to the buoyant cell density such that cells with larger capsules had lower density than those with smaller capsules. Removing the capsule, both by chemical or mechanical methods, decreased the C. neoformans cell density. Melanization of the C. neoformans cell wall, which also contributes to virulence, produced a small but consistent increase in cell density. C. neoformans sedimented much slower in seawater as its density approached the density of water. Our results suggest a new function for the capsule whereby it can function as a flotation device to facilitate transport and dispersion in aqueous fluids.
Effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the ontogenetic expression of thyroid hormone signaling genes in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate neurodevelopment, thus TH disruption is widely posited as a mechanism of developmental neurotoxicity for diverse environmental chemicals. Zebrafish have been proposed as an alternative model for studying the role of TH in developmental neurotoxicity. To realize this goal, it is critical to characterize the normal ontogenetic expression profile of TH signaling molecules in the developing zebrafish and determine the sensitivity of these molecules to perturbations in TH levels. To address these gaps in the existing database, we characterized the transcriptional profiles of TH transporters, deiodinases (DIOs), receptors (TRs), nuclear coactivators (NCOAs), nuclear corepressors (NCORs), and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in parallel with measurements of endogenous TH concentrations and tshβ mRNA expression throughout the first five days of zebrafish development. Transcripts encoding these TH signaling components were identified and observed to be upregulated around 48-72 h post fertilization (hpf) concurrent with the onset of larval production of T4. Exposure to exogenous T4 and T3 upregulated mct8, dio3-b, trα-a, trβ, and mbp-a levels, and downregulated expression of oatp1c1. Morpholino knockdown of TH transporter mct8 and treatment with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) was used to reduce cellular uptake and production of TH, an effect that was associated with downregulation of dio3-b at 120 hpf. Collectively, these data confirm that larval zebrafish express orthologs of TH signaling molecules important in mammalian development and suggest that there may be species differences with respect to impacts of TH disruption on gene transcription.
In vivo assessment of the interaction of patellar tendon tibial shaft angle and anterior cruciate ligament elongation during flexion.

Abstract A potential cause of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is landing on an extended knee. In line with this hypothesis, studies have shown that the ACL is elongated with decreasing knee flexion angle. Furthermore, at low flexion angles the patellar tendon is oriented to increase the anterior shear component of force acting on the tibia. This indicates that knee extension represents a position in which the ACL is taut, and thus may have an increased propensity for injury, particularly in the presence of excessive force acting via the patellar tendon. However, there is very little in vivo data to describe how patellar tendon orientation and ACL elongation interact during flexion. Therefore, this study measured the patellar tendon tibial shaft angle (indicative of the relative magnitude of the shear component of force acting via the patellar tendon) and ACL length in vivo as subjects performed a quasi-static lunge at varying knee flexion angles. Spearman rho rank correlations within each individual revealed that flexion angles were inversely correlated to both ACL length (rho = −0.94 ± 0.07, mean ± standard deviation, p
Atomic structure and electronic properties of lead and tin based hybrid halide perovskite surface for photovoltaic applications

Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites are emerging as one of the potential materials in the photovoltaic community due to its attractive power conversion efficiency and cost-effective device fabrication. The photovoltaic performance of hybrid halide perovskite is linked to its atomic and electronic structure at the surface. Here we have used electronic structure calculations to determine the structural and electronic properties at the surface of MABX3 (MA = CH3NH3; B = Sn or Pb; X= I, Br, or Cl) perovskites. Next, we compared calculated electronic properties of the surface with the corresponding bulk values. Our results reveal that the structural properties like B-X distances, B-X-B angles, and orientation of MA are different between bulk to perovskite surface. Such changes in structural features at the perovskite surface lead to change in the band gap between surface and bulk perovskite. Both structural features and the band gap at the surface are found to be dependent on the crystal symmetry and chemistry of the perovskite. Further, for all perovskite compositions investigated, no midgap surface electronic states were observed.
A physical and social analysis of how variations in no-till conservation practices lead to inaccurate sediment runoff estimations in agricultural watersheds:

Although agricultural influence on sediment runoff is well known, determining what sources of sediment contribute most to stream impairment has remained challenging in agricultural watersheds acros...
“That Wasn’t Very Free Thinker”: Queer Critical Pedagogy in the Early Grades

This chapter takes up the challenges as well as the possibilities associated with using queer critical pedagogy in early elementary classrooms. It centers on an event in a kindergarten classroom where the students and teacher engaged in what I call queer critical pedagogy. Throughout the chapter I grapple with the larger question, to what extent is queer critical pedagogy possible? This question requires that we explore the limitations of critical pedagogy for disrupting heteronormativity. Many of the queer critiques offered in this chapter (Barnard, http://www.exchangesjournal.org/print/print_1166.html, 2004; Bryson and de Castell, Educational Theory 43(3):341–355, 1993a, Bryson and de Castell, Can J Educ 18(3):285–305, 1993b; Gilbert, Sexuality in school: The limits of education, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014; Malinowitz, Textual orientations: Lesbian and gay students and the making of discourse communities, Portsmouth: Boyton/Cook Publishers, 92–107, 1995; Mayo, Gay-straight alliances and associations among youth in schools, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017; Wood, Cult Stud 19(4):430–438, 2005) are connected to the critiques of critical pedagogy put forth by poststructuralist feminists (Ellsworth, Harvard Educ Rev 59(3):297–324, 1989; Gore, The critical pedagogy reader, New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 331–348, 2003; Jones, Democratic dialogue in education: Troubling speech, disturbing silence, New York: Peter Lang, 57–68, 2004; Orner, Feminisms and critical pedagogy, New York: Routledge, 74–89, 1992). I draw from this literature in order to discuss some limitations of critical pedagogy for disrupting heteronormativity, paying particular attention to the role of dialogue and student voice in this practice as well as the role of power in the classroom. In so doing, I highlight the ways that heteronormativity still exists in classroom spaces dedicated to disrupting it. I also discuss some pedagogical techniques educators have used to maximize the interruption of heteronormativity and minimize essentializing heteronormative reinscriptions.
The Persecution of 'An Innocent People' in Seventeenth-Century England

This article gives an outline survey of the beliefs and practices of seventeenth century Friends, the spiritual-religious basis of these, the existing or enacted laws with which these came into conflict, and the ensuing penalties inflicted on Friends for disobeying these strictures. While there is an abundance of relevant material in print, this account endeavors to give a comprehensive and systematic summary of the pertinent laws and some of their consequences to Friends. Though the penalties were not of equal frequency or severity, they point to limitations placed on Friends in their effort to be faithful to their beliefs.
Recent Trends in the Study of Jews and Judaism in Luke-Acts:

This article surveys and assesses recent developments in the study of the depiction of Jews and Judaism in Luke-Acts since 2010. Studies are grouped into three general, often overlapping approaches...
Murphy's Law: How Sports Gambling Legalization Can Have an International Impact

This Article discusses a history of gambling laws around the world and highlights the growth of the industry, particularly in regard to sports gambling. It goes on to address Antigua and Barbuda's World Trade Organization complaint against the United States for violating its commitments to the provision of gambling services. Since that dispute, the Supreme Court ruled in Murphy v. NCAA that Congress could not prohibit states from legalizing sports gambling. In the wake of Murphy v. NCAA, more countries will want to attract United States gamblers, and likewise, foreign gamblers will desire to enter the American gambling market. However, while sports gambling is now legal in many states, antiquated federal laws continue to prohibit the cross-border supply of gambling services. This Article shows that many countries have exemplified how regulation is more effective than prohibition, and it argues that the United States should remove remaining prohibitive laws and that the World Trade Organization should increase its role in gambling regulation to promote international uniformity and allow the gambling industry to achieve its full economic potential.
Retention in Medical Care Among Insured Adolescents and Young Adults With Diagnosed HIV Infection, United States, 2010-2014:

ObjectivesRetention in care is a critical component of effective HIV treatment, and adolescents and young adults are at higher risk of inadequate retention than older adults. The objective of our s...