cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activation and regulation of protein kinase C enzymes.

Protein Kinase C (PKC) has been a principal regulatory enzyme whose function has been intensely investigated in the past decade. The primary features of this family of enzymes includes phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues located on basic proteins and peptides in a manner that is stimulated by calcium, phospholipid, and either diacylglycerol or phorbol esters. An additional intriguing feature of the enzyme is its ability to form two membrane-associated states, one of which is calcium dependent and reversible and the second is an irreversible complex which has the characteristics of an intrinsic membrane protein. Formation of the irreversible membrane-bound form is greatly facilitated by calcium and the tumor-promoting phorbol esters but does not appear to include covalent changes in the PKC structure. The intrinsic membrane-bound form is a very different enzyme in that its activity is no longer dependent on the other cofactors. It is proposed that formation of the irreversible membrane-bound form may be a mechanism for generating long-term cell regulation events where transient cell signals and second messengers induce long-term changes in the distribution of an enzyme in the cell. This property may be common to a number of regulatory proteins that are known to be distributed between the cytosol and membrane-fractions in the cell. Unfortunately, many problems have confronted study of PKC mechanism using thein vitro assay. This assay involves aggregation of the substrate, phospholipid, and enzyme to form a discontinuous mixture. Such as complex system prevents straightforward interpretation of enzyme kinetic data. Although many compounds affect thein vitro activity of PKC, most appear to accomplish this by relatively uninteresting mechanisms such as interference with the aggregation process. While some highly potent inhibitors undoubtedly interact directly with PKC, they also inhibit other enzymes and there are no entirely specific inhibitors of PKC known. Speculation on the possible roles of PKC in cell regulation are abundant and exciting. However, delineation of the regulatory roles of PKC may require another decade of intense effort.
Application of the Saltus Model to Stagelike Data: Some Applications and Current Developments

The saltus model was developed in dichotomous form by Wilson (1989), and expanded to polytomous form by Draney (1996) as a method for detecting and analyzing discontinuities in performance that are hypothesized to occur as a result of rapidly occurring person growth (e.g.,Fischer, Pipp, & Bullock, 1984). Such discontinuities are often theorized to occur as the result of progression through developmental stages or levels. The most influential such theory was developed by Jean Piaget (e.g., Piaget, 1950; Inhelder & Piaget, 1958). Although Piagetian theory has been somewhat controversial of late (e.g., Lourenco & Machado, 1996), there is still a strong interest in stagelike development in a number of areas, including moral and ethical reasoning (e.g., Dawson, 2002; Kohlberg & Candee, 1984), evaluative reasoning (e.g., Dawson-Tunik, 2002; Armon, 1984), adult development (e.g., Commons et al., 1998; Fischer, Hand, & Russel, 1984), and cognitive development (e.g., Bond, 1995b,a; Bond & Bunting, 1995; Demetriou & Efklides, 1989, 1994; Hiele, 1986).
K$sup +$ -p INTERACTION AT 455 Mev

Results obtained in studies of elastic and inelastic K/sup +/-p interaction at 455 Mev are presented. Tables are included that show the phase shifts for K/sup +/-N scattering in the T = 1 state and the modes of pi prcduction. A mass resolution curve and a differential cross section plot are also included. (L.N.N.)
Abstract WP371: Safe and Rapid Interfacility Transport of Drip and Ship Patients

Background and Issues: Stroke care delivery continues to undergo dynamic changes as evolving treatment extends the critical reperfusion time window. Stroke centers have responded by improving appro...
Gustave Le Bon, Rhetoric as Mass Contagion, and 19th Century Rhetoric

In the latest edition of The Present State of Scholarship in the History of Rhetoric, Lynne
Joint Base Station Selection and Adaptive Slicing in Virtualized Wireless Networks: A Stochastic Optimization Framework

Wireless network virtualization is a promising avenue of research for next-generation 5G cellular networks. Virtualization focuses on the concept of active resource sharing and the building of a network designed for specific demands, decreasing operational expenditures, and improving demand satisfaction of cellular networks. This work investigates the problem of selecting base stations (BSs) to construct a virtual network that meets the the specific demands of a service provider, and adaptive slicing of the resources between the service provider’s demand points. A two-stage stochastic optimization framework is introduced to model the problem of joint BS selection and adaptive slicing. Two methods are presented for determining an approximation for the two-stage stochastic optimization model. The first method uses a sampling approach applied to the deterministic equivalent program of the stochastic model. The second method uses a genetic algorithm for BS selection and adaptive slicing via a single-stage linear optimization problem. For testing, a number of scenarios were generated using a log-normal model designed to emulate demand from real world cellular networks. Simulations indicate that the first approach can provide a reasonably good solution, but is constrained as the time expense grows exponentially with the number of parameters. The second approach provides a vast improvement in run time with the introduction of some error.
Care of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperglycemia in the Inpatient Setting

Children and adolescents with acute hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus frequently have acute, potentially life-threatening presentations which require high-acuity care in an inpatient and often intensive care setting. This review discusses the evaluation and care of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in hospitalized children in both critical and non-critical care settings, highlighting important differences in their care relative to adults. Diabetic ketoacidosis remains highly prevalent at diagnosis among children with type 1 diabetes, and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state is increasingly prevalent among children with type 2 diabetes. Recent clinical trials have investigated the potential benefits of various types of intravenous fluids and their rates of administration as well as the risks and benefits of intensive glucose control in critically ill children. The Endocrine Society has developed guidelines focused on managing hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, outlining important aspects of care shown to decrease morbidity and mortality. In the non-critical illness setting, intensive therapy on newly diagnosed diabetes is increasingly recommended at the outset. With the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents, recent studies addressing acute diabetes emergencies help inform best practices for care of hospitalized children with hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Comparison of Methods for Switching Loss Estimation in WBG Systems

Comparing wide band-gap (WBG) devices requires accurate and consistent characterization. One important Figure of merit when selecting a transistor for an application is power loss due to switching. At higher switching frequencies, switching losses become the dominant loss mechanism in hard-switched converters. In the literature, two techniques have emerged for measuring switching losses: 1) the double-pulse test (DPT) and 2) evaluation of a complete converter at varying operating frequencies. This paper compares these two techniques and introduces a third technique, which involves operating the converter in a semi-continuous mode to reduce the impact of thermals on the power loss estimation. As part of this work, an empirical study was conducted to compare these techniques. This study showed that the three techniques produce significantly different switching loss estimates for the same device under test (DUT) at identical operating conditions. This paper demonstrates that DPT is the most accurate method for determining a DUT’s switching losses, despite some known limitations.
Integrate multi-omics data with biological interaction networks using Multi-view Factorization AutoEncoder (MAE).

Comprehensive molecular profiling of various cancers and other diseases has generated vast amounts of multi-omics data. Each type of -omics data corresponds to one feature space, such as gene expression, miRNA expression, DNA methylation, etc. Integrating multi-omics data can link different layers of molecular feature spaces and is crucial to elucidate molecular pathways underlying various diseases. Machine learning approaches to mining multi-omics data hold great promises in uncovering intricate relationships among molecular features. However, due to the “big p, small n” problem (i.e., small sample sizes with high-dimensional features), training a large-scale generalizable deep learning model with multi-omics data alone is very challenging. We developed a method called Multi-view Factorization AutoEncoder (MAE) with network constraints that can seamlessly integrate multi-omics data and domain knowledge such as molecular interaction networks. Our method learns feature and patient embeddings simultaneously with deep representation learning. Both feature representations and patient representations are subject to certain constraints specified as regularization terms in the training objective. By incorporating domain knowledge into the training objective, we implicitly introduced a good inductive bias into the machine learning model, which helps improve model generalizability. We performed extensive experiments on the TCGA datasets and demonstrated the power of integrating multi-omics data and biological interaction networks using our proposed method for predicting target clinical variables. To alleviate the overfitting problem in deep learning on multi-omics data with the “big p, small n” problem, it is helpful to incorporate biological domain knowledge into the model as inductive biases. It is very promising to design machine learning models that facilitate the seamless integration of large-scale multi-omics data and biomedical domain knowledge for uncovering intricate relationships among molecular features and clinical features.
VARIATION AND SELECTION IN AXON NAVIGATION THROUGH MICROTUBULE-DEPENDENT STEPWISE GROWTH CONE ADVANCE

ABSTRACT Myosin II (MII) activity is required for elongating mammalian sensory axons to change speed and direction in response to Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and laminin-1 (LN). NGF signaling induces faster outgrowth on LN through regulation of actomyosin restraint of microtubule advance into the growth cone periphery. It remains unclear whether growth cone turning on LN works through the same mechanism and, if it does, how the mechanism produces directed advance. Using a novel method for substrate patterning, we tested how directed advance occurs on LN by creating a gap immediately in front of a growth cone advancing on a narrow LN path. The growth cone stopped until an actin-rich protrusion extended over the gap, adhered to LN, and became stabilized. Stepwise advance over the gap was triggered by microtubule +tip entry up to the adhesion site of the protrusion and was independent of traction force pulling. We found that the probability of microtubule entry is regulated at the level of the individual protrusion and is sensitive to the rate of microtubule polymerization and the rate of rearward actin flow as controlled by adhesion-cytoskeletal coupling and MII. We conclude that growth cone navigation is an iterative process of variation and selection. Growth cones extend leading edge actin-rich protrusions that adhere transiently (variation). Microtubule entry up to an adhesion site stabilizes a protrusion (selection) leading to engorgement, consolidation, protrusive activity distal to the adhesion site, and stepwise growth cone advance. The orientation of the protrusion determines the direction of advance.
Host population diversity as a driver of viral infection cycle in wild populations of green sulfur bacteria with long standing virus-host interactions

ABSTRACT Viral infections of bacterial hosts range from highly lytic to lysogenic, where highly lytic viruses undergo viral replication and immediately lyse their hosts, and lysogenic viruses have a latency period before replication and host lysis. While both types of infections are routinely observed in the environment, the ecological and evolutionary processes that regulate these different viral dynamics are still not well understood. In this study, we identify and characterize the long-term dynamics of uncultivated viruses infecting green sulfur bacteria (GSB) in a model freshwater lake sampled from 2005-2018. Because of the additional requirements for the laboratory cultivation of anaerobes like GSB, viruses infecting GSB have yet to be formally identified, leaving their diversity and impact on natural populations of GSB virtually unknown. In this study, we used two approaches to identify viruses infecting GSB; one in vitro based on flow cytometry cell sorting, the other in silico based on CRISPR spacer sequences. We then took advantage of existing bulk metagenomes derived from Trout Bog Lake covering the 2005-2018 period to examine the interactions between GSB hosts and their viruses across multiple years and seasons. From our data, GSB populations in Trout Bog Lake were found to be concurrently infected with at least 2-8 viruses each, many of which were lysogenic viruses; one GSB host population in particular was consistently associated with two lysogens with a nearly 100% infection rate for over 10 years. We illustrate with a theoretical infection model that such an interaction can be stable over multiple years given a low, but persistent level of lysogen induction in host populations with already high infection rates. Overall, our data suggest that single GSB populations are typically infected by multiple viruses at the same time, that lytic and lysogenic viruses can readily co-infect the same host population in the same ecosystem, and that host strain-level diversity might be an important factor controlling the lytic/lysogeny switch.
U.S. Office Market Values During the Past Decade: How Distorted Have Appraisals Been?

The leading time series of real estate returns is the Russell-NCREIF (RN) Property Index. The RN series tracks returns, cash flow plus appraised capital gains, for multiple property types. To evaluate the accuracy of the capital-gains component of the office-market return series, this paper constructs two benchmark measures for the present value of projectable office-market cash flows from 1982 to 1991 and compares these with a real value series based on the RN capital-gain component. The RN-based series runs 30% above the highest of the benchmarks throughout the 1986–1989 period. While this overstatement is consistent with the development of a price bubble, failure of the bubble to burst until 1990–1991 is implausible. Real estate experts recognized overvaluation in assessments as early as the spring of 1986. The RN Office-Market Index was slow to register price declines when the markets first weakened and then overstated the rate of decline once the market began to bottom out. This pattern likely reflects incentives for appraisers to smooth potentially temporary price volatility and for investment managers to maintain appraised values in declining markets. It traces as well as to systematic differences in the character and condition of the properties that lend to trade at different stages of the real estate cycle. These incentives and differences provide reason to believe that other RN indexes were similarly distorted.
Making Sense of Sociocultural Context of Medicine and Identity Development

There are several unique contexts that behavioral health professionals (BHPs) become involved when they enter work within a medical setting. The navigation of certain cultural norms and dynamics of social location is an area that deserves particular attention as the implications of these areas extend across the BHP’s participation in the medical environment. From their work with healthcare providers, clinicians, patients, and families, BHPs are tasked with navigating privilege and/or disadvantage that will be a result of their intersectionality. This chapter will discuss the sociocultural norms and values that are often present in the medical context and how they can be challenging for BHPs. A specific emphasis will be placed on the experience of those BHPs whose identity is of a historically marginalized group in Western society.
A case for “we” in an “I” country

At the turn of the 20th century, the United States suffered from rampant inequality, vicious partisanship, a torn social fabric, and unabashed egoism. Individuals and corporations lunged ahead, the devil take the hindmost. But from that terrible epoch—eerily similar to today—something admirable sprang up and flourished: six decades of steady, albeit imperfect, social amelioration.
Probing periodontal microbial dark matter using metataxonomics and metagenomics

Our view of the periodontal microbial community has been shaped by a century or more of cultivation-based and microscopic investigations. While these studies firmly established the infection-mediated etiology of periodontal diseases, it was apparent from the very early days that periodontal microbiology suffered from what Staley and Konopka described as the "great plate count anomaly", in that these culturable bacteria were only a minor part of what was visible under the microscope. For nearly a century, much effort has been devoted to finding the right tools to investigate this uncultivated majority, also known as "microbial dark matter". The discovery that DNA was an effective tool to "see" microbial dark matter was a significant breakthrough in environmental microbiology, and oral microbiologists were among the earliest to capitalize on these advances. By identifying the order in which nucleotides are arranged in a stretch of DNA (DNA sequencing) and creating a repository of these sequences, sequence databases were created. Computational tools that used probability-driven analysis of these sequences enabled the discovery of new and unsuspected species and ascribed novel functions to these species. This review will trace the development of DNA sequencing as a quantitative, open-ended, comprehensive approach to characterize microbial communities in their native environments, and explore how this technology has shifted traditional dogmas on how the oral microbiome promotes health and its role in disease causation and perpetuation.
The Firm as a Subsociety

We propose a view of firms as subsocieties that are shaped by shared perceptions of purpose and justice. Applying insights from political and legal theory, we discuss how employees are members of these mini-societies who have exchanged certain rights, such as formal authority over their work and compensation structure, for the benefits of membership in the firm. For these employees, expectations arise that are similar to those held by members of civic society at large; namely, that norms of justice and common social aims will be upheld. This view suggests a unique role for those who own and manage firms, as well as a different mechanism from standard theories of the firm for shaping firm boundary decisions. Boundary choices, in addition to their efficiency effects as described by existing theories, are also evaluated by employees for consistency with the espoused purpose and standards of justice of the firm. In general, this subsociety perspective suggests that theories of the firm should account for both societal and efficiency effects when assessing optimal governance of transactions.
Can Radiographic Tumor Volume of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Help Predict Clinical and Pathological Tumor Features

Purpose Radiographic tumor volume (RTV) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is seldom measured in practice. Aims of the study are to estimate RTV of SCC and to investigate its relationship with clinical and pathological stage, tumor margin status, recurrence, and need for chemo/radiation. Methods The design is a retrospective cohort study. The predictor variable is SCC RTV. The primary outcome variables are clinical and pathological tumor size. The secondary outcomes are margin status and postoperative chemo/radiation. Tumor dimensions were measured on preoperative maxillofacial or neck computer tomography images with contrast. Information on patient and tumor characteristics was obtained. Pearson correlation, t test, ANOVA and log rank test were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at .05. Results Thirty-six subjects aged 36 to 86 were included in the study. Positive association was found between clinical T stage and RTV (P = .0003) and between pathologic T stage and RTV (P = .002). Mean value of RTV was significantly higher in the group with positive margins (P = .0004). RTV was significantly higher in cancers requiring adjuvant chemo/radiation (P = .033). Mean RTV for patients with recurrence was 1.86 cm3 as compared to 1.29 cm3 for patients with no recurrence. Higher tumor volumes were more likely to be associated with recurrence. Conclusions RTV is a variable that is readily available to head and neck surgeons. RTV is associated with clinical and pathological tumor sizes, margin status, need for adjuvant chemo/radiation and tumor recurrence.
"CO in a pill": Towards oral delivery of carbon monoxide for therapeutic applications.

Abstract Along with the impressive achievements in understanding the endogenous signaling roles and mechanism(s) of action of carbon monoxide (CO), much research has demonstrated the potential of using CO as a therapeutic agent for treating various diseases. Because of CO’s toxicity at high concentrations and the observed difference in toxicity profiles of CO depending on the route of administration, this review analyzes and presents the benefits of developing orally active CO donors. Such compounds have the potential for improved safety profiles, enhancing the chance for developing CO-based therapeutics. In this review, the difference between inhalation and oral administration in terms of toxicity, CO delivery efficiency, and the potential mechanism(s) of action is analyzed. The evolution from CO gas inhalation to oral administration is also extensively analyzed by summarizing published studies up to date. The concept of “CO in a pill” can be achieved by oral administration of novel formulations of CO gas or appropriate CO donors.
Introduction: The Inaugural Symposium on Experiential Education in Law

In October 2012, Northeastern University Law Journal partnered with the Alliance for Experiential Learning in Law to co-host the inaugural symposium on experiential education in the law. The symposium, titled “Experience the Future” and hosted at Northeastern University School of Law, brought together academics, lawyers, judges, and other legal professionals. This article highlights the symposium's informative sessions, and discusses the articles published in this issue of the Northeastern University Law Journal associated with those sessions.
A fluid-structure interaction index of coronary plaque rupture

The impact of coupled blood flow and structural dynamics on coronary plaque is investigated with the objective of defining a unique index for characterizing plaque rupture. Two-dimensional non-circular lumen models of native, moderate and severely stenosed human coronary arteries are investigated. The flow and structural analyses are performed simultaneously using well-validated commercial software. New flow–structure interaction (FSI) indices are defined by normalizing the predicted hemodynamic shear stress with the structural stresses. The results predict that the plaques investigated are potentially vulnerable to rupture at 40-45% stenosis levels. The predicted trend is consistent with clinical observations, indicating that the selected FSI index has the potential to characterize plaque rupture when properly established.
Ion Excitation of Al K X-Ray Spectra

High resolution measurements of ion-excited Al K spectra were extended to include Al projectile spectra and Al target spectra excited by heavier projectiles (Ar, Ni). Spectra from 3.0-MeV Al projectiles showed that the number of L vacancies present at the time of K vacancy decay is determined largely by collisions subsequent to production of the K vacancy. Heavy projectiles on Al targets produce Al spectra which appear to be the result of two ionization mechanisms operating simultaneously. Molecular orbital formation may enter into the interpretation of satellite structure in both Al projectile and Al target spectra.
Malignancy of the anus, rectum and sigmoid colon in the young

Abstract 1. 1. A case of early carcinoma of the rectum in a male 4 years and 7 months of age is reported. 2. 2. The literature has been reviewed, citing 123 authentic cases of primary malignancy of the anus, rectum or sigmoid colon below the age of 20.
Robust face recognition-based search and retrieval across image stills and video

Significant progress has been made in addressingface recognition channel, sensor, and session effects in both still images and video. These effects include the classic PIE (pose, illumination, expression) variation, as well as variations in other characteristics such as age and facial hair. While much progress has been made, there has been little formal work in characterizing and compensating for the intrinsic differences between faces in still images and video frames. These differences include that faces in still images tend to have neutral expressions and frontal poses, while faces in videos tend to have more natural expressions and poses. Typically faces in videos are also blurrier, have lower resolution, and are framed differently than faces in still images. Addressing these issues is important when comparing face images between still images and video frames. Also, face recognition systems for video applications often rely on legacy face corpora of still images and associated meta data (e.g. identifying information, landmarks) for development, which are not formally compensated for when applied to the video domain. In this paper we will evaluate the impact of channel effects on face recognition across still images and video frames for the search and retrieval task. We will also introduce a novel face recognition approach for addressing the performance gap across these two respective channels. The datasets and evaluation protocols from the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) still image and YouTube Faces (YTF) video corpora will be used for the comparative characterization and evaluation. Since the identities of subjects in the YTF corpora are a subset of those in the LFW corpora, this enables an apples-to-apples comparison of in-corpus and cross-corpora face comparisons.
Failure of prostigmin to affect uterine bleeding in the rhesus monkey.

Abstract 1. 1. The experimental studies of endometrial response to estrogens do not supported the cholinergic concept of their mode of action. Menstruation in primates is not dependent upon hyperemia. The supposed theoretical basis for the use of prostigmin in human amenorrhea therefore cannot be accepted. 2. 2. Administration of prostigmin hypodermically to rhesus monkeys does not induce menstrual bleeding in spontaneously amenorrheic animals, nor does it induce bleeding during estrogen administration, nor does it alter hormone-with-drawal bleeding following courses of estrogens, estrogens-progesterone or estrogens-progesterone-estrogens. 3. 3. The efficacy of prostigmin as an emmenagogue and as a presumptive test for pregnancy is without experimental or critical clinical verification.
Subunits of Luteinizing Hormone from Human Pituitary Glands

Abstract Three species of luteinizing hormone (LH) designated as LH-A, -B, and -C, and containing 9, 8, and 4 NIH-LH-S1 units per mg were isolated from human pituitary glands by isoelectric focusing. The LH-A, -B, and -C each sedimented as a single boundary in the ultracentrifuge with s20,w of 2.34, 2.24, and 2.70 S, respectively. Amino acid analyses of LH-A, -B, and -C were very similar, although minor differences, whose significance remains to be determined, were observed. LH-A, -B, and -C contained 13.3, 13.2, and 6.9% of neutral sugars and 0.5, 1.3, and 1.8% of sialic acid, respectively. Minor differences in the physicochemical properties of the three forms of LH suggested microheterogeneity of the LH molecule caused by the modifications in the glycosidic linkages involving labile carbohydrate and sialic acid residues. Incubation of LH in 8 m urea followed by ion exchange chromatography on diethyl amino ethyl Sephadex A-50 resulted in the separation of α and β subunits. The α and β subunits were further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and contained 0.8 and 1.1 units of LH activity per mg, respectively. Incubation of the α and β subunits in equal quantities (w/w) showed a 4-fold augmentation of the biological activity thus suggesting the recombination of the subunits. The gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, disc electrophoreses, amino acid analyses, and bioassays indicated that the α and β subunits of LH represent two nonidentical and noncovalently linked components of LH. The α subunits of human LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin could be substituted for each other in combination with the β subunit of each hormone suggesting that the β subunits are hormone specific and the α subunits of LH, follicle-stimulating hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin are homologous.
3 Future Directions of Chemical Engineering

Publisher Summary The effortless technological dominance that America has enjoyed since World War II is gone, manufacturing has been eligible to locate anywhere in the globe that has the best technology and lowest cost. Chemical engineering academics are now needed to strengthen and save industries. The world is now entering the fourth period, when many people need to leave the ivory towers and to swing back from the world of thought to the world of action. It is required to address critical problems of manufacturing—(1) how to generate new industries stimulated by new advances in sciences, (2) how to rejuvenate traditional industries and to keep them world competitive, and (3) how to protect the environment and health. People are used to dealing with the mature industries of commodity chemicals and petroleum refining, where the products have long life cycles and stable technologies. Because they are produced in large quantities, process efficiency is a key competitive advantage, and there is patience to invest millions of dollars and tens of years for process research. The chapter asserts to develop better teams in America, and the chemical engineers must learn to be effective team players. It is perceived that the second century of chemical engineering will not be dull.
Theoretical Validity and Empirical Utility of a Constructionist Analytics

Wing-Chung Ho offers an extensive critique of what he calls our “radical constructionist approach to family experience,” questioning the theoretical validity and empirical utility of the research program. This article responds to the charges in the broader context of the program's constructionist analytics, discussing family's experiential location, organizational embeddedness, and the importance of ethnographic sensibility. A brief extract of situated talk and interaction is presented to illustrate the discursive complexity and institutional bearings of family as a category of experience. The conclusion takes up the issue of whether the program is radical in conceptualization and empirical realization.
Progress in world modeling: Reflections on the past decade

This article appraises the first decade of world modeling. Progress in the field of world modeling has been cumulative. The developments in the field that have brought about this program include: a redefinition of the problematique in directions which demand greater social action; increased methodological rigor; and a maturing view of model applications.
Use of silica for adsorptive stripping voltammetry in the presence of organic surfactants

Abstract Additions of fumed silica to sample solutions are shown to eliminate many of the surfactant coadsorption problems characterizing adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Interfering surfactants are preferentially removed by adsorption onto the silica microparticles present in the cell. Hence, completely suppressed adsorptive stripping peaks are fully restored to their magnitude without surfactants. Excess of silica should be avoided, as it may lead to some uptake of organic analytes or complexing agents. The effect of various experimental variables is explored. Compared to other schemes for alleviating surfactant problems, this approach is fast, effective, simple and inexpensive. These advantages are illustrated using riboflavin, progesterone, oxytetracycline, iron, nickel, cobalt and tin as model analytes, in the presence of representative surfactants. The relative standard deviation for successive measurements of 5 × 10 −7 M riboflavin (in the presence of 5 ppm Triton X-100), over a 40 min period, is 3.4%.
Microstructure from joint analysis of experimental data and ab initio interactions: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon

A study of the formation of voids and molecular hydrogen in hydrogenated amorphous silicon is presented based upon a hybrid approach that involves inversion of experimental nuclear magnetic resonance data in conjunction with ab initio total-energy relaxations in an augmented solution space. The novelty of this approach is that the voids and molecular hydrogen appear naturally in the model networks unlike conventional approaches, where voids are created artificially by removing silicon atoms from the networks. Two representative models with 16 and 18 at. % of hydrogen are studied in this work. The result shows that the microstructure of the a-Si:H network consists of several microvoids and few molecular hydrogen for concentration above 15 at. % H. The microvoids are highly irregular in shape and size, and have a linear dimension of 5–7 A. The internal surface of a microvoid is found to be decorated with 4–9 hydrogen atoms in the form of monohydride Si–H configurations as observed in nuclear magnetic resona...
Revisions that improve cohesion in multi-document summaries: a preliminary study

Extractive summaries produced from multiple source documents suffer from an array of problems with respect to text cohesion. In this preliminary study, we seek to understand what problems occur in such summaries and how often. We present an analysis of a small corpus of manually revised summaries and discuss the feasibility of making such repairs automatically. Additionally, we present a taxonomy of the problems that occur in the corpus, as well as the operators which, when applied to the summaries, can address these concerns. This study represents a first step toward identifying and automating revision operators that could work with current summarization systems in order to repair cohesion problems in multi-document summaries.
Functional demonstration of accelerometer-assisted beacon tracking

NASA/JPL has been developing technologies to accurately point a laser beam from deep space with sub-micro-radian precision for data transmission systems. A novel approach to achieve this goal is based on using high bandwidth inertial sensors to compensate for jitter caused by spacecraft vibrations. The use of high bandwidth inertial sensors promises to enable the implementation of laser communication links anywhere within the solar system and beyond. A functional demonstration of closed-loop accelerometer- assisted beacon tracking under simulated spacecraft vibration was undertaken, in order to validate innovative concepts, technologies, sub-systems and algorithms that achieve the sub-micro-radian pointing accuracy necessary for optical communication systems from deep space. The laboratory demonstration included integration of the complete acquisition, tracking, and pointing system with inertial sensors (e.g. accelerometers). Double integration, bias and initial velocity estimation algorithms were developed, verified and implemented. Accelerometer performance was characterized and integrated to the system. A laser beacon was mounted on a platform that simulates spacecraft vibrations. Vibrations were introduced into the beacon and were simultaneously sampled by the accelerometer. These signals were used to close the pointing loop. Closed loop tracking of the vibrating beacon was achieved using the accelerometer information interlaced with a slow-rate reference update (laser beacon centroids). This presentation will describe the details of the functional demonstration of accelerometer-assisted beacon tracking and pointing in a laboratory environment under simulated spacecraft vibration.
Respiratory alkalosis: no effect on blood lactate decline or exercise performance

It was the purpose of this study to determine the effects of respiratory alkalosis before and after high intensity exercise on recovery blood lactate concentration. Five subjects were studied under three different acid-base conditions before and after 45 s of maximal effort exercise: 1) hyperventilating room air before exercise (Respiratory Alkalosis Before=RALB, 2) hyperventilating room air during recovery (Respiratory Alkalosis After=RALA), and 3) breathing room air normally throughout rest and recovery (Control =C). RALB increased blood pH during rest to 7.65±0.03 while RALA increased blood pH to 7.57±0.03 by 40 min of recovery. Neither alkalosis treatment had a significant effect on blood lactate concentration during recovery. The peak lactate values of 12.3±1.2 mmol · L−1 for C, 11.8±1.2 mmol · L−1 for RALB, and 10.2±0.9 mmol · L−1 for RALA were not significantly different, nor were the half-times (t1/2) for the decline in blood lactate concentration; C=18.2 min, RALB=19.3 min, and RALA=18.2 min. In C, RALB and RALA, the change in base excess from rest to postexercise was greater than the concomitant increase in blood lactate concentration, suggesting the presence of a significant amount of acid in the blood in addition to lactic acid. There was no significant difference in either the total number of cycle revolutions (C=77±2, RALB=77±1) or power output at 5 s intervals between RALB and C during the 45 s. These results suggest that the possible range of respiratory alkalosis changes in intact humans may be insufficient 1) to affect recovery blood lactate concentrations, or 2) to affect intense, short-term exercise performance.
The effects of cooperative learning and learner control on high- and average-ability students

The effects of studying alone or in cooperative learning groups on high- and average-ability students were investigated. Also examined were the effects of completing computer-based instruction using either a learner- or program-control version of a lesson. A total of 175 fourth-grade students were classified as being of high or average ability and randomly assigned to paired or individual treatments stratified by ability. Students completed training to enhance small-group interaction before completing a computer-based tutorial and a posttest. Following cooperative learning, students demonstrated increased achievement and efficiency as well as better attitudes toward both the computer lesson and grouping. Students completed more practice items and examples in program-control treatments than in learner-control treatments. However, the form of lesson control did not affect students' achievement or attitudes.
Implementing the growth-optimal policy for choosing portfolios

Abstract In this paper we compare practical procedures for implementing the well-known “growth-optimal” strategy for managing portfolios. The policy involves choosing in each investment period the portfolio that maximizes the expectation of the logarithm of the portfolio's return. We consider two vesions of the decision rule—the expected-log function itself and two-monent approximation of it—and three procedures for determining ex ante expectations of returns. In addition to a nonparametric approach, we examine two parametric models, one that takes returns to be jointly lognormal and a second that imposes a single-factor structure on the logs of returns. The relative performance of the six procedures is compared using data for indexes of securities and for the individual stocks in the Dow-Jones Industrial Average. Our main conclusion is that relatively simple methods for carrying out the growth-optimal program work about as well as methods that are computationally difficult. While naively analyzing historical returns cannot be relied upon to provide above-average performance, there are indications that performance can be improved by giving higher weight to the most recent returns.
A Molecular Reactivity Template for Cannabinoid Activity

Abstract Methods of theoretical chemistry are used to characterize the molecular structure and some reactivity properties of the major psychopharmacologically active component of cannabis, (—)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). This characterization is part of an exploration of the molecular parameters that could serve to unify considerations of structure-activity relationships in disparate classes of cannabinoids. Our hypothesis is that there are two components of the Δ9-THC structure that confer upon the molecule reactivity characteristics crucial to activity: the lone pairs of electrons of the phenol oxygen, and the orientation of the carbocyclic ring. The conformation of Δ9-THC is calculated using molecular mechanics. Since the position of the phenolic OH is central to the working hypothesis, the rotational energy behavior of the phenolic OH is studied. Results from the calculations identify two minimum energy conformations of the OH in Δ9-THC. Results from ab-initio calculations of the OH rotation on a model fragment of Δ9-THC agree well with the molecular mechanics results. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of Δ9-THC is calculated for the energetically optimal conformations. The results indicate that the two faces of the Δ9-THC molecule are distinguishable. The MEP of the bottom face of Δ9-THC (in each of the two minimum energy conformations of the phenolic OH), along with the conformational results for the orientation of the carbocyclic ring relative to the phenol group form a reactivity template to be used in comparisons with properties of active and inactive cannabinoids.
FLOW STRUCTURES AND FRICTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ON TWO-PHASE FLOW IN MICROCHANNELS IN PEM FUEL CELLS

This experimental paper presents a study of gas-liquid two phase flow in rectangular channels of 500μm × 45μm and 23.7mm long with different wall conditions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface, in order to investigate the flow structures and the corresponding friction factors of simulated microchannels of PEMFC. The main flow in the channel is air and liquid water is injected at a single or several discrete locations in one side wall of the channel. The flow structure of liquid water in hydrophilic wall conditioned channel starts from wavy flow, develops to stable stratified film flow, and then transits to unstable fluctuating film flow, as the pressure drop and the flow velocity of air increase from around 10 kPa to over 100 kPa. The flow structure in hydrophobic channel develops from the slug flow to slug-and-film flow with increasing pressure drop and flow velocity. The pressure drop for single phase flow is measured for a base line study, and the fRe product is in close agreement with the theoretical value (fRe = 85) of the conventional laminar flow of aspect ratio 1:11. At the low range of water injection rate, the gas phase fRe product of the two phase flow based on the whole channel area was not substantially affected by the water introduction. However, as the water injection rate increases up to 100 μL/min, the gas phase fRe product based on the whole channel area deviates highly from the single phase theoretical value. The gas phase fRe product with the actual gas phase area corrected by the liquid phase film thickness agrees with the single phase theoretical value.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Interactive Effects of Difficulty and Instrumentality of Avoidant Behavior on Cardiovascular Reactivity

College-aged subjects performed 35 trials of an easy or difficult digit-recognition task. Half were told that a good performance would ensure a high chance of avoiding a blast of noise, and half were told that a good performance would ensure a low chance of avoiding the noise. Results indicated that heart rate and systolic blood pressure reactivity were higher in the difficult condition than in the easy condition only when the probability of avoiding the noise (given success) was high. When the probability of avoiding the noise (given success) was low, heart rate and systolic responsivity were low regardless of task difficulty. It also was found that (1) performance quality was poorer overall among difficult subjects than among easy subjects, and (2) that the difference in performance quality between the easy and difficult groups was somewhat (not significantly) greater in the low-probability conditions than in the high-probability conditions. Major findings are considered in terms of Obrist's reasoning regarding the psychophysiological consequences of active coping and a motivational model by Brehm, which specifies conditions under which individuals will be more and less task engaged.
4-Dimensional Einstein Gravity Extended by a 3-Dimensional Gravitational Chern-Simons Term

When 4-dimensional general relativity is extended by a 3-dimensional gravitational Chern–Simons term an apparent violation of diffeormorphism invariance is extinguished by the dynamical equations of motion for the modified theory. The physical predictions of this recently proposed model show little evidence of symmetry breaking, but require the vanishing of the Pontryagin density.
Exploration of a treatment technique for prosodic disturbance following stroke

The effectiveness of a treatment technique targeting speech prosody was explored for an individual who had sustained a left hemisphere stroke. Acoustic and perceptual analyses suggested that reduced temporal variation of adjacent syllables (i.e. syllable isochronicity) contributed to impressions of reduced speech naturalness and monorhythmicity. Stress-patterning, therefore, was explored as a technique for increasing the temporal variation of adjacent syllables to improve rhythmicity and naturalness. Therapy tasks included three-syllable reiterant sequences and real words; treatment effects were measured for three-syllable words embedded in probe sentences. Visual and auditory feedback were provided in therapy using the Computerized Speech Lab. An objective, acoustic measure of syllable isochrony was also provided as feedback. Although the speaker was able to produce the targeted syllable isochrony measure in therapy tasks, performance did not generalize to three-syllable words in probe sentences. Potenti...