cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Normal sustained effects of selective attention are absent in schizophrenic patients withdrawn from medication

Sustained attentional deficits have been widely reported in groups of medicated schizophrenic patients, but less is known about sequential attentional processes in patients withdrawn from medication. The attentional performance of 12 medication-withdrawn schizophrenic outpatients was compared with that of 16 matched normal volunteers on a Stroop negative priming task. This task allowed examination of both within-trial and between-trial attentional effects. Compared with the volunteers, the medication-withdrawn schizophrenic patients showed normal within-trial attentional effects as measured by standard Stroop interference and facilitation. Across trials, however, the schizophrenics exhibited reduced negative priming compared with the volunteers and in some cases a complete reversal of sustained inhibitory processes. The findings suggest that a normal inhibitory tag occurred during initial selection in the patient group, but it did not influence a subsequent act of selection as was the case for the normal volunteers. Either inhibition decayed at an abnormally fast rate in the patient group or a separate facilatory tag dominated. In either case, priming effects linked to attentional selection were clearly abnormal in the medication-withdrawn patient group.
No change in ST segment during instillation of eyedrops for ophthalmic surgery: A study in elderly patients with heart disease (is present software/technology sufficiently sensitive?)

Abstract Study Objective: To study the safety of instillation of eyedrops prior to ophthalmic surgery, which may potentially affect myocardial function, using continuous ST segment recording. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Ambulatory surgery preoperative area at a university hospital. Patients: 30 nonpremedicated ASA status III adults (aged 73 to 92 years) scheduled for cataract surgery with monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Interventions: All patients were given ophthalmic drugs consisting of phenylephrine 2.5%, flubiprofen 0.03%, mydriacyl 1%, and cydopentolate 1%. Measurements and Main Results: ST segments were continuously monitored after the instillation of the eyedrops for a period of up to 15 minutes. A change of 2 mm or more in ST segments from baseline was considered significant. Results showed no significant change in ST segment. No patient reported any new cardiac symptoms or showed any evidence of dysrhythmias or hemodynamic changes. Conclusions: The lack of significant finding most likely reflects the safety of these ophthalmic drops in their present dilute concentration, but it is also possible that the software and/or monitors used were not sensitive enough in their current configuration to detect possible subtle changes. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the preoperative ophthalmic drugs used in our institution do not seem to have any adverse cardiovascular effects in this elderly patient population who are about to undergo cataract surgery with MAC.
Paramagnet enhanced nuclear relaxation of H2 in organic solvents and in H2@C60.

We have measured the bimolecular contribution (relaxivity) R1 (M-1 s-1) to the spin−lattice relaxation rate for the protons of H2 and H2@C60 dissolved in organic solvents in the presence of paramagnet nitroxide radicals. It is found that the relaxation effect of the paramagnets is enhanced 5-fold in H2@C60 compared to H2 under the same conditions. 13C relaxivity in C60 induced by nitroxide has also been measured. The resulting value of R1 for 13C is substantially smaller relative to the 1H relaxation in H2@C60 than expected solely on the basis of the smaller magnetic moment of 13C. The observed values of R1 have been analyzed quantitatively using an outer-sphere model for bimolecular spin relaxation to extract an encounter distance, d, as the dependent variable. The resulting values of d for H2 and 13C60 are similar to the sum of the van der Waals radii for the radical and the corresponding molecule. The value of d for 1H2@C60 is substantially smaller than the corresponding van der Waals estimates, corres...
THE EVOLUTION OF F1 POSTZYGOTIC INCOMPATIBILITIES IN BIRDS

We analyzed the rate at which postzygotic incompatibilities accumulate in birds. Our purposes were to assess the role of intrinsic F1 hybrid infertility and inviability in the speciation process, and to compare rates of loss of fertility and viability between the sexes. Among our sample more than half the crosses between species in the same genus produce fertile hybrids. Complete loss of F1 hybrid fertility takes on the order of millions of years. Loss of F1 hybrid viability occurs over longer timescales than fertility: some viable hybrids have been produced between taxa that appear to have been separated for more than 55 my. There is strong support for Haldane's rule, with very few examples where the male has lower fitness than the female. However, in contrast to Drosophila, fertility of the homogametic sex in the F1 appears to be lost before viability of the heterogametic sex in the F1. We conclude that the time span of loss of intrinsic hybrid fertility and viability is often, but not always, longer than the time to speciation. Premating isolation is an important mechanism maintaining reproductive isolation in birds. In addition, other factors causing postzygotic reproductive isolation such as ecological causes of hybrid unfitness, reduced mating success of hybrids, and genetic incompatibilities in the F2s and backcrosses may often be involved in the speciation process.
Beyond cross-entropy: towards better frame-level objective functions for deep neural network training in automatic speech recognition.

We propose two approaches for improving the objective function for the deep neural network (DNN) frame-level training in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). The DNNs used in LVCSR are often constructed with an output layer with softmax activation and the cross-entropy objective function is always employed in the frame-leveling training of DNNs. The pairing of softmax activation and crossentropy objective function contributes much in the success of DNN. The first approach developed in this paper improves the cross-entropy objective function by boosting the importance of the frames for which the DNN model has low target predictions (low target posterior probabilities) and the second one considers jointly minimizing the cross-entropy and maximizing the log posterior ratio between the target senone (tied-triphone states) and the most competing one. Experiments on Switchboard task demonstrate that the two proposed methods can provide 3.1% and 1.5% relative word error rate (WER) reduction , respectively, against the already very strong conventional crossentropy trained DNN system.
Structural Application of Steel and Light-Weight Alloys: A Symposium: I:—Modern Stress Theories and Fatigue Research: Photo-Elastic Determination of Stress

The purpose of this paper is to present an up-to-date picture of photo-elastic analysis, to discuss its- applications and limitations, to show the relationship that it bears to other methods of str...
Relationship between Plasma Amino Acid Profile and Ovarian Function around the Time of Ovulation in Beef Cows

Pairing low quality forage with coproducts from the ethanol industry, likely results in excess dietary crude protein (CP) consumption. The effects of these excessive CP diets on beef cow reproduction have been shown to enhance ovarian parameters. However, the effects of excess dietary CP on circulating plasma amino acid (AA) profile are dependent on source and amount being supplemented. In the present study, we observed if relationships between blood plasma AA and ovarian parameters of beef cows consuming excess dietary CP (25 - 50%) around the time of ovulation existed. We observed that total plasma AA and essential AA were positively correlated with length of proestrus. In addition, as a percent of total plasma AA, progesterone concentrations 7 d post estrus were positively correlated with total essential AA. Based on these data, blood plasma AA appear to be correlated with ovarian parameters around the time of ovulation when cows are fed excess dietary CP. However, more research is warranted to elucidate how blood plasma AA directly impact ovarian parameters and influence reproduction in beef cows.
Mast Cell Disease

Mast cell disease is a neoplastic proliferation of mast cells that commonly involves cutaneous and extracutaneous sites. Whereas cutaneous mastocytosis is confined to skin, systemic mastocytosis (SM) involves at least one extracutaneous site, with or without skin disease. Mast cell disease involving lymph nodes is a form of SM.
The Preventable Shunt Revision Rate: a potential quality metric for pediatric shunt surgery

OBJECTIVE Shunt surgery consumes a large amount of pediatric neurosurgical health care resources. Although many studies have sought to identify risk factors for shunt failure, there is no consensus within the literature on variables that are predictive or protective. In this era of "quality outcome measures," some authors have proposed various metrics to assess quality outcomes for shunt surgery. In this paper, the Preventable Shunt Revision Rate (PSRR) is proposed as a novel quality metric. METHODS An institutional shunt database was queried to identify all shunt surgeries performed from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014, at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital. Patients' records were reviewed for 90 days following each "index" shunt surgery to identify those patients who required a return to the operating room. Clinical, demographic, and radiological factors were reviewed for each index operation, and each failure was analyzed for potentially preventable causes. RESULTS During the study period, there were 927 de novo or revision shunt operations in 525 patients. A return to the operating room occurred 202 times within 90 days of shunt surgery in 927 index surgeries (21.8%). In 67 cases (33% of failures), the revision surgery was due to potentially preventable causes, defined as inaccurate proximal or distal catheter placement, infection, or inadequately secured or assembled shunt apparatus. Comparing cases in which failure was due to preventable causes and those in which it was due to nonpreventable causes showed that in cases in which failure was due to preventable causes, the patients were significantly younger (median 3.1 vs 6.7 years, p = 0.01) and the failure was more likely to occur within 30 days of the index surgery (80.6% vs 64.4% of cases, p = 0.02). The most common causes of preventable shunt failure were inaccurate proximal catheter placement (33 [49.3%] of 67 cases) and infection (28 [41.8%] of 67 cases). No variables were found to be predictive of preventable shunt failure with multivariate logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS With economic and governmental pressures to identify and implement "quality measures" for shunt surgery, pediatric neurosurgeons and hospital administrators must be careful to avoid linking all shunt revisions with "poor" or less-than-optimal quality care. To date, many of the purported risk factors for shunt failure and causes of shunt revision surgery are beyond the influence and control of the surgeon. We propose the PSRR as a specific, meaningful, measurable, and-hopefully-modifiable quality metric for shunt surgery in children.
Abstract 280: Met (the HGF receptor) localizes to the nucleus in wound healing

Background: The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met signaling pathway has been shown to be important for stimulating cell proliferation, motility, invasion and metastasis. Recent work from our lab has also demonstrated patients with high levels of nuclear Met have a worse prognosis even in lymph node negative breast cancer and has also identified a 60 kDa fragment from the carboxy-terminal domain of Met that localizes to the nucleus. Methods: We developed a method for quantification of in vitro wounding of epithelial cellular monolayers that we have utilized to further characterize nuclear Met. Nuclear Met was identified by immunofluorescence with the carboxy-terminal Met specific antibody CVD13 (Invitrogen) in H1650, A431 and Caco2 cells. The Met ligand (HGF) was used to stimulate wound healing and the Pfizer Met kinase inhibitor PHA-665752 (PHA) was used to determine the dependence of activated Met for nuclear localization. Results: As previously observed, stimulating cells with HGF (50 ng/mL) increases overall wound healing and inhibition of Met kinase activity with PHA reduces overall wound healing. Using immunofluorescence we have determined nuclear Met is present at the wound edge of lung (H1650), colon (CaCo2), and skin (A431) cancer cell lines. Additionally, nuclear localization of Met is also observed in H1650 cells by immunofluorescence with a phospho-Met antibody (CST). Nuclear localization of Met is inhibited when cells are pretreated with PHA even in the presence of HGF. However, HGF stimulation alone is not sufficient to induce nuclear Met in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Finally, the 60 kDa Met fragment is absent by Western blot when H1650 cells are grown in serum-starved conditions. Conclusion: Nuclear Met is observed during the wound healing of cellular monolayers and can be inhibited with Met specific kinase inhibitors. Nuclear Met, as defined by the presence of the 60 kDa fragment, is lost in serum-starved growth conditions. Since, several pharmaceutical companies are currently developing Met-based therapies, the role of Met the nucleus may be important in future targeted cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 280.
An In Vivo Study of Axial Rotation and Immobilization at the Lumbosacral Joint

The amount of rotation at the lumbosacral joint was studied in nine healthy young men by placement of pins into the spinous process of the fifth lumbar vertebra and into the posterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis. In this sample, approximately 6.0 degrees of rotation were found to occur at th
A Preconception Nomogram to Predict Preterm Delivery

Objective Preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prevention strategies rarely focus on preconception care. We sought to create a preconception nomogram that identifies nonpregnant women at highest risk for preterm birth using the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) surveillance data. Methods We used PRAMS data from 2004 to 2009. The odds ratios (ORs) of preterm birth for each preconception variable was estimated and adjusted analyses were conducted. We created a validated nomogram predicting the probability of preterm birth using multivariate logistic regression coefficients. Results 192,208 cases met inclusion criteria. Demographic/maternal health characteristics and associations with preterm birth and ORs are reported. After validation, we identified the following significant predictors of preterm birth: prior history of preterm birth or low birth weight baby, prior spontaneous or elective abortion, maternal diabetes prior to conception, maternal race (e.g., non-Hispanic black), intention to get pregnant prior to conception (i.e., did not want or wanted it sooner), and smoking prior to conception (p < 0.05). Overall, our preconception preterm risk model correctly classified 76.1 % of preterm cases with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 76.7 %. A nomogram using a 0-100 scale illustrates our final preconception model for predicting preterm birth. Conclusion This preconception nomogram can be used by clinicians in multiple settings as a tool to help predict a woman's individual preterm birth risk and to triage high-risk non-pregnant women to preconception care. Future studies are needed to validate the nomogram in a clinical setting.
Can a Higher Inflation Target Reduce Inflation Volatility

This paper investigates the relationship between inflation and inflation volatility. Using monthly data from 1913 to 2013, the results show that U.S. inflation and its volatility have been positively correlated when inflation exceeds a certain value, but negatively correlated when inflation is below this threshold. The evidence also suggests that inflation volatility is minimized between annual inflation rates of 1 and 3.6%, which includes both the 2% inflation target of many central banks, and the 3.5% break point predicted by the New Keynesian model of Coibion et al. (2012), but not the 4% inflation target recommended by Ball (2013) and Krugman (2013).
Horizonte y temple de ánimo en la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl

Este articulo sugiere una posible sistematizacion de la nocion de temple de animo o Stimmung de acuerdo con las investigaciones fenomeno- logicas de Edmund Husserl. El objetivo de esa sistematizacion es explicar la constitucion del temple de animo como experiencia de sentido a traves de los diferentes conceptos de horizonte que aparecen a lo largo de los escritos de Husserl. Con el fin de defender la tesis principal el articulo presenta una sintesis de la doctrina de la intencionalidad de horizonte, seguida de un analisis de las caracteristicas esenciales de la vivencia del temple de animo y, posteriormente, una descripcion posible de los diferentes niveles de los horizontes implicados en la constitucion del mundo circundante, coherentes con la experiencia del temple de animo.
MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF ANAEROBIOSIS IN SOILS

In this review the authors tried to subjectively look at research areas dealing with soil environments without oxygen. This is impossible because of the limits placed on researchers by techniques to measure anaerobic soil conditions. However, by studying results of certain measuring techniques, and considering responses and products of organisms and plants, one can make value judgements about soil environments with respect to anaerobiosis. By a re-examination of our past ideas on oxygen diffusion in soils, we have a better appreciation of the complexity of this system when the pore spaces are mostly filled with water.
Distribution and biological implications of plastic pollution on the fringing reef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia.

Coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific are extremely vulnerable to plastic pollution from oceanic gyres and land-based sources. To describe the extent and impact of plastic pollution, the distribution of both macro- (>5 mm) and microplastic (plastic < 5 mm) of the fringing reef of an isolated South Pacific island, Mo'orea, French Polynesia was quantified. Macroplastic was found on every beach on the island that was surveyed. The distribution of this plastic was categorized by site type and by the presence of Turbinaria ornata, a common macroalgae on Mo'orea. Microplastics were discovered in the water column of the fringing reef of the island, at a concentration of 0.74 pieces m-2. Additionally, this study reports for the first time the ingestion of microplastic by the corallimorpha Discosoma nummiforme. Microplastics were made available to corallimorph polyps in a laboratory setting over the course of 108 h. Positively and negatively buoyant microplastics were ingested, and a microplastic particle that was not experimentally introduced was also discovered in the stomach cavity of one organism. This study indicates that plastic pollution has the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific, and warrants further study to explore the broader potential impacts of plastic pollution on coral reef ecosystems.
The clinicopathologic significance of lymphocyte subsets in acute myeloid leukemia.

SummaryIntroduction While the role of the immune system in altering and modulating the progression of solid tumors is well studied, the impact of the immune system on the outcome and progression of hematolymphoid neoplasms is still poorly understood. Methods Here, we report a retrospective study detailing our analysis of 130 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with flow cytometry immunophenotypic evaluation of major lymphocyte subsets including B cells, T cells, and NK cells. Results Our study identifies differential signatures of lymphocyte subsets pertaining to distinct subcategories of AML, and prognostic correlations in patients. In multivariate analysis, NK cells (specifically CD56+/CD16+ NK cells at a cutoff of ≥5%) were found to be an independent indicator of improved overall and disease-free survival; cytogenetic risk was also shown to be critical in stratifying patients with AML. Conclusions In total, we demonstrate that in AML, the subset distribution of immune system lymphocytes is nonrandom, and suggest an important role for distinct lymphocyte subsets, particularly NK cells, in this disease.
Exploring the Item Order Effect in a Geoscience Concept Inventory

ABSTRACT Concept inventories have been determined to be useful assessment tools for evaluating students' knowledge, particularly in the sciences. However, these assessment tools must be validated to reflect as accurately as possible students' understanding of concepts. One possible threat to this validation is what previous literature calls the item order effect: that the ordering of items on an assessment may affect how students perform. This study attempts to test the item order effect using different orderings of pictorial and verbal items on a geoscience concept inventory. Two different orderings of the same concept inventory were created and distributed to students in introductory geoscience courses via an online survey software (n = 432). The students' performance on the pictorial and verbal items was statistically analyzed. Seven interviews were also conducted to probe students about their preferred item format and order. The results revealed no predictable item order effect, though suggestive tren...
Evocative autoethnography: writing lives and telling stories

In the text, Bochner and Ellis explain autoethnography as a concept that, ‘brought heightened attention to human suffering, injustice, trauma, subjectivity, feeling, and loss; encouraged the develo...
Surgical anatomy of the radial nerve in the deltopectoral approach for revision shoulder arthroplasty and periprosthetic fracture fixation: a cadaveric study

Background Radial nerve injury is a rare but clinically significant complication of revision shoulder arthroplasty and fixation of native and periprosthetic proximal humeral fractures. Understanding of the anatomic relationship between the radial nerve as it enters the humeral spiral groove and anterior shoulder landmarks in a deltopectoral approach is necessary to avoid iatrogenic radial nerve injury. Methods Eight forequarter cadaveric specimens were dissected through a deltopectoral approach. Distances between the radial nerve entry into the proximal spiral groove and the coracoid process, distal lesser tuberosity/inferior subscapularis insertion, superior latissimus insertion, and inferior latissimus insertion were measured. Means, standard deviations, and ranges were determined for each distance. Results The radial nerve entry into the proximal spiral groove averaged 133.1 mm (range, 110.3-153.0 mm) from the coracoid process, 101.9 mm (range, 76.5-124.3 mm) from the distal lesser tuberosity/inferior subscapularis insertion, 81.0 mm (range, 63.4-101.5 mm) from the superior latissimus insertion, and 39.6 mm (range, 25.5-55.4 mm) from the inferior latissimus insertion. The proximal spiral groove was distal to the inferior latissimus insertion in all specimens. Conclusion The risk of iatrogenic injury to the radial nerve at the spiral groove may be minimized through proper identification and protection or avoidance of circumferential fixation. However, if encircling fixation with cerclage cables is necessary, instrumentation proximal to the inferior edge of the latissimus dorsi insertion may reduce the risk of radial nerve injury.
Variance in Teacher Ratings of Children’s Adjustment:

This study examined the variance in teacher ratings attributable to teacher, occasion, and child on the original Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). Teachers rated approximately 1,100 g...
Network Analysis of Migration Patterns in the United States.

United States (US) internal migration is a seldom studied and poorly understood topic that lies mainly within the realm of economics. This paper attempts to utilize complex network analysis to gain a better understanding of the migration patterns in the US, and how it evolves over the time. In particular, we analyze migration patterns in the US during differing times of the economic prosperity of the housing boom (i.e., 2004–2007) and the recession (i.e., 2008–2011) through complex network analyses. Additionally, we explore whether there is a correlation between the political affiliation of a county and the migration patterns.
phyA Gene Promoter Analysis

The autoregulatory control that phytochrome exerts over the transcription of its own phyA genes in monocots1–5 provides a valuable model system for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying light-regulated gene expression in plants. Conversion of this cytoplasmically localized photoreceptor to its active Pfr form initiates repression of phyA transcription within 5 min of light signal perception via a mechanism that proceeds unimpeded in the absence of new protein synthesis3. These observations imply a short signal transduction chain from cytoplasm to nucleus with all essential components present in the cell before Pfr formation. Furthermore, Pfr maintains transcriptional repression as long as it is present in the cell above a certain level. Thus, the duration of repression in the dark following pulse-irradiations is dependent on the Pfr-pool size established by the terminal irradiation: red light establishes a large pool (86% Pfr) that sustains repression for > 12 hr; whereas far-red light establishes a small pool (∼1% Pfr) that leads to derepression in < 3 hr3. Derepression occurs when Pfr is removed from the cell by turnover.
Bayesian classification of falls risk

Abstract Background Prior research in falls risk prediction often relies on qualitative and/or clinical methods. There are two challenges with these methods. First, qualitative methods typically use falls history to determine falls risk. Second, clinical methods do not quantify the uncertainty in the classification decision. In this paper, we propose using Bayesian classification to predict falls risk using vectors of gait variables shown to contribute to falls risk. Research Questions (1) Using a vector of risk ratios for specific gait variables shown to contribute to falls risk, how can older adults be classified as low or high falls risk? and (2) how can the uncertainty in the classifier decision be quantified when using a vector of gait variables? Methods Using a pressure sensitive walkway, biomechanical measurements of gait were collected from 854 adults over the age of 65. In our method, we first determine low and high falls risk labels for vectors of risk ratios using the k -means algorithm. Next, the posterior probability of low or high falls risk class membership is obtained from a two component Gaussian mixture model (GMM) of gait vectors, which enables risk assessment directly from the underlying biomechanics. We classify the gait vectors using a threshold based on Youden's J statistic. Results Through a Monte Carlo simulation and an analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), we demonstrate that our Bayesian classifier, when compared to the k -means falls risk labels, achieves an accuracy greater than 96% at predicting low or high falls risk. Significance Our analysis indicates that our approach based on a Bayesian framework and an individual's underlying biomechanics can predict falls risk while quantifying uncertainty in the classification decision.
Low-frequency electromagnetic treatment of oilfield produced water for reuse in agriculture: effect on water quality, germination, and plant growth

Competing demand for high-quality fresh water for agricultural, industrial, and municipal uses has placed tremendous stress on water resources; irrigating crops with fresh water is expensive and unsustainable. Using unconventional water sources such as oilfield produced water (PW) and treating PW with physical treatment methods such as electromagnetic treatment may overcome water-limitation challenges. A germination experiment was conducted using treated and untreated PW to examine the effect on the germination of iron and clay cowpeas (ICCs) since germination is the stage at which plants are most sensitive to external factors and stresses. The results from the study showed that ICCs germinated when irrigated with higher salinity water that was treated using the electromagnetic technology. A plant growth study was also conducted to assess the effect of electromagnetic treatment of high-salinity PW on the growing ability and crop health of ICCs. A reduction in leaf area expansion rate, the first indicator of salt stress on plants, was observed. After 14 days, plants showed early signs of salt stress such as wilting, lightening in color, and reduction in leaf area. After 28 days, plants watered with higher salinity PW (21,475–42,950 mg/L total dissolved solids) died and plants watered with lower salinity PW (< 21,475 mg/L total dissolved solids) survived but grew smaller than plants irrigated using fresh water. Results from both experiments suggested a potential total dissolved solids limit of ICCs or electromagnetic technology (or both) between 4000 and 10,000 mg/L. The results further suggested that while the electromagnetic technology did not have a strong effect on plant growth, high-salinity water might be treated for reuse in agriculture.
Evaluation of anuran diversity and success in tertiary wastewater treatment wetlands

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a multifunctional environmental technology capable of supporting plant and wildlife communities and removing excess nutrients and other pollutants. Tertiary treatment...
Adoptive transfer of a novel MIF receptor (CD74+) expressing memory T cell subpopulation is sufficient to transfer inflammatory arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by relapsing disease and progressive autoimmune joint destruction. The mechanism(s) for disease recurrence in previously affected joints is unknown. High expression alleles of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are associated with severe erosive RA. We report a novel subpopulation of T cells expressing the MIF receptor CD74, which previously has not been considered to be present in T lineage cells. CD74+ T cells comprise 1% of lymph node T cell and exhibit an effector memory phenotype (CD3 + CD74 + CD44 + , CD62L low ). Notably, whole genome expression profiling (RNAseq) of CD74+ T cells revealed reduced expression of the immune checkpoint Ctla4 (3.5-fold, p=0.009), and increased expression of Stat4 and Ptpn22 (1.4-fold, p=0.001 and 0.86-fold, p=0.045), three genes that regulate T cell activation and also are linked genetically to RA pathogenesis. In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of RA, we observed a 2-fold (p=0.023) expansion of CD74+ T cells after disease induction when compared to Mif −/− mice, which show no expansion of CD74+ T cells and reduced disease severity (disease score: WT: 7.8; Mif −/− : 1.4, p>0.001). Notably, adoptive transfer of CD74+ T cells from mice with established CIA into naive mice recapitulated joint inflammation (disease score: 4.3, p=0.001). Disease was not detectable in naive mice that received CD74-T cells from CIA hosts. This study identifies a novel population of effector memory T cells that are capable of transferring autoimmune joint inflammation. We hypothesize that MIF responsive CD74+ effector memory T cells mediate recurrent joint inflammation and may be amenable to specific targeting by emerging MIF-directed therapies.
Glycogen in the uterus and fallopian tubes is an important source of glucose during early pregnancy

Pregnancy loss is common during the peri-implantation period in mammals when glucose is required for both embryonic development and decidualization of the endometrium. As the uterus cannot synthesize glucose, all glucose must come directly from maternal circulation as needed or transiently stored as the macromolecule glycogen. Glycogen acts as a glucose reservoir, storing up to 55 000 glucose moieties per molecule. Endometrial glycogen concentrations are correlated with fertility in humans, indicating that glycogen is an essential source of glucose during early pregnancy. In humans and primates, endometrial glycogen concentrations peak during the luteal phase due to progesterone. In contrast, in rats and mink, estradiol triggers an accumulation of uterine glycogen during proestrus and estrus. In mated rats, the glycogen content of the endometrium increases again after implantation due to high levels of glycogen stored in the decidua. In mink, endometrial glycogen reserves are localized in the uterine epithelia at estrus. These reserves are mobilized before implantation, suggesting they are used to support embryonic growth. Uterine glycogen concentrations continue to decrease after implantation in mink, probably due to a lack of decidualization. How ovarian steroids stimulate glycogenesis in the endometrium is unclear, but current evidence suggests that estradiol/progesterone interacts with insulin or insulin-like growth factor signaling. In summary, endometrial glycogen is an essential source of glucose during the peri-implantation period. More work is needed to characterize differences among species, elucidate the fate of the glucose liberated from glycogen, and understand how ovarian steroids regulate glycogen metabolism in the uterus.Summary SentenceGlycogen in the uterus and oviducts represents an important source of glucose to support the uterus and embryos early pregnancy.
SWIPT in Hybrid Relay-Assisted Massive MIMO Downlink

The feasibility of a hybrid relay-assisted massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is investigated. The system performance is investigated for a generalized wireless energy harvesting protocol, which facilitates performance analysis for both time-switching (TS) and powersplitting (PS) protocols in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI). The harvested energy and the achievable sum rate are derived, and thereby, the joint&#x002F;individual effects of TS&#x002F;PS ratios and pilot contamination are quantified. Our analysis reveals that the pilot contamination can be beneficial for energy harvesting, although it is detrimental for the achievable rates. This energy-rate trade-off is quantified in closed-form, and thereby, valuable system-design insights are obtained.
The mTOR pathway as a therapeutic target for precision medicine

The mTOR-pathway (mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin) has been increasingly linked to the pathophysiology of epilepsy in recent years. As a master regulator of cell growth and survival, this signaling pathway has been associated with focal malformations of cortical development (MCD) subtypes often associated with intractable epilepsy. The tuberous sclerosis complex serves as a model disease, in which targeted therapy with mTOR inhibitors alleviate, improve, and might even reverse disease burden. Further, there is evidence of an mTOR effect on established antiepileptic strategies such as ketogenic diet and GABAergic-enhancing medication, which underlies the importance of the mTOR pathway in epileptogenesis.
Tree growth response to shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal associations

The mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy hypothesis proposes a strong connection between plant and fungal traits and the dominant form of soil nutrients. If true, then shifting from an organic to an inorganic nutrient economy should benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees because they are more suited to acquiring inorganic forms of nutrients and have limited decomposing capabilities when compared with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees. An inorganic nutrient economy was experimentally promoted by applying inorganic phosphorus (P) fertiliser and/or elevating soil pH with lime in three Allegheny Plateau mixed-mesophytic forests. Trees were measured over seven growing seasons to determine how growth responded to the treatments based on mycorrhizal association. AM-associated trees showed increased growth in response to increased inorganic nutrients, but ECM tree growth was suppressed when compared with the control. We also observed that understory and mid-story trees responded to the treatments, but large overstory trees showed no significant growth response. Results support the hypothesis that AM trees respond positively to an inorganic nutrient economy. While raising pH in acidic soils can be detrimental to ECM tree growth, the exact mechanism for this response is unclear.
The GSM BPN-15606 as a Potential Candidate for Preventative Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Background In the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the dysregulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) production and clearance leads to amyloid deposits, tau tangles, neuronal loss, and cognitive dysfunction. Thus far, therapies targeting the enzymes responsible for Aβ production have been found ineffective or having significant side effects. Objective To test whether a γ-secretase modulator, BPN-15606, is an effective disease-modifying or preventative treatment in the PSAPP mouse model of AD. Methods We treated pre-plaque (3-month-old) and post-plaque (6-month-old) PSAPP AD transgenic mice for 3 months and examined behavioral, biochemical, and pathological end points. Results BPN-15606 attenuated cognitive impairment and reduced amyloid plaque load, microgliosis, and astrogliosis associated with the AD phenotype of PSAPP mice when administered to pre-plaque (3-month-old) but was ineffective when administered to post-plaque (6-month-old) mice. No treatment-related toxicity was observed. Conclusion BPN-15606 appears efficacious when administered prior to significant pathology.
Sleep telemedicine training in fellowship programs: a survey of program directors

Study Objectives:Telemedicine is a novel modality of health care delivery that can improve patients’ access to sleep medicine services, but little is known about telemedicine training during sleep ...
Estimating the Probability of Cellular Arrhythmias with Simplified Statistical Models that Account for Experimentally Observed Uncertainty in Underlying Biophysical Mechanisms

Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and ectopic beats (EBs) are cellular arrhythmias that can trigger cardiac arrhythmias. Simulations using biophysically-detailed cardiac myocyte models can reveal how cellular properties influence the probability of cellular arrhythmias, however such analyses often pose a huge computational burden. Here, we develop a simplified approach in which logistic regression models (LRMs) are used to define a mapping between cellular properties and the probability of cellular arrhythmias. Two LRMs are developed, one for predicting the probability of EADs (P(EAD)) as a function of IKs parameters and one for predicting the probability of EBs (P(EB)) as a function of Ca2+ dynamics, ryanodine receptor opening rate, and IK1 current density. These LRMs, which require negligible computational resources, are then used to demonstrate how uncertainties in experimentally measured model parameters influence P(EAD) and P(EB). We refer to this as arrhythmia sensitivity analysis. In the investigation of five different IKs parameters associated with Long QT syndrome 1 (LQTS1) mutations, the predicted P(EAD), when rank ordered for 6 LQTS1 mutations, matches the trend in risk from patients with the same mutations as measured by clinical cardiac event rates. We also demonstrate the degree to which parameter uncertainties map to uncertainty of P(EAD), with IKs conductance having the greatest impact. In the analysis of P(EB), as [Ca2+]SR uncertainty is increased, P(EB) uncertainty first increases, changing from a sharp unimodal distribution to a broad uniform distribution, and then decreases towards a bimodal distribution with peaks at P(EB) values of 0 and 1.
PD-L1 positive esophagogastric (EG) cancer is associated with distinct bacteria.

4568Background: Pembrolizumab is approved for chemotherapy-refractory PD-L1 CPS >1 mEG cancer. In clinical trials, pts with MSI-H, EBV+ and PD-L1 CPS >10 EG cancers derive the greatest benefit with...
A Model for SSTDR Signal Propagation Through Photovoltaic Strings

The ability of spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) to detect and locate faults in photovoltaic (PV) systems is considered in this article. This article provides a simulation that could be used for studying how faults and other parameters affect the reflectometry response and evaluating fault detection algorithms, for providing comparison simulations in iterative inversion algorithms used to detect and locate faults, or it could potentially be used to replace the measured baseline for these algorithms. The simulation uses an enhanced systematic solution procedure to find the reflection signature of the PV system, and is capable of modeling elements with complex impedance in both series and parallel separated by transmission lines. This article is an expansion of previous work to be capable of simulating systems containing n number of elements (such as PV panels and transmission lines) in series or parallel. The simulation was tested for 20 systems containing up to four resistors, capacitors, and PV cells, and was compared to the measured data.
Intervention and remediation: A descriptive study of practices in pharmacy education.

Abstract Introduction This descriptive survey study was designed to collect specific data about intervention and remediation approaches used by schools and colleges of pharmacy (S/COPs) to meet the requirements of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standard 17. Methods An electronic survey was developed and sent to all members of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Curriculum and Student Services Personnel Special Interest Groups. The survey gathered details about institutional criteria and practices used in identification of students at risk of failure, steps of early intervention, and approaches to academic remediation. Descriptive data are presented. Results About 70% of accredited S/COPs responded with a complete survey. There was no statistically significant difference between public or private institutional practices. All respondents reported remediation approaches, but only 85% had structured intervention practices. There was marked variability in reports of specific details for both intervention and remediation. Conclusions There is great diversity in approaches to both intervention and remediation. This study provides baseline data on which to build future research that might determine best practices to optimize student outcomes. A theoretical framework is provided.
COVID-19 and Venous Thromboembolism Pharmacologic Thromboprophylaxis

Background Coagulopathy has emerged as a hallmark issue of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Medical facilities are faced with the challenge of developing institutional thromboprophylaxis protocols; however, due to the novelty of the disease, there is a dearth of high-quality, prospective evidence for decision making. Observations The US National Institutes of Health along with 4 leading societies in the fields of thrombosis and hemostasis have published guidance based on expert consensus that helps provide a framework for local policy development. While there is agreement in a few areas, there are notable and sometimes considerable differences in recommendations that facilities should discuss when developing local guidance. Conclusions This document aims to streamline and simplify the available guidance so health care providers can readily identify consensus and divergence of COVID-19 thromboprophylaxis recommendations. Additionally, the authors provide and briefly highlight the COVID-19 thromboprophylaxis protocol of the US Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System in Nashville and Murfreesboro to serve as an example of a guideline-directed approach for order-set development.
Detection of Suicidality Among Opioid Users on Reddit: Machine Learning–Based Approach

Background: In recent years, both suicide and overdose rates have been increasing. Many individuals who struggle with opioid use disorder are prone to suicidal ideation; this may often result in overdose. However, these fatal overdoses are difficult to classify as intentional or unintentional. Intentional overdose is difficult to detect, partially due to the lack of predictors and social stigmas that push individuals away from seeking help. These individuals may instead use web-based means to articulate their concerns. Objective: This study aimed to extract posts of suicidality among opioid users on Reddit using machine learning methods. The performance of the models is derivative of the data purity, and the results will help us to better understand the rationale of these users, providing new insights into individuals who are part of the opioid epidemic. Methods: Reddit posts between June 2017 and June 2018 were collected from r/suicidewatch, r/depression, a set of opioid-related subreddits, and a control subreddit set. We first classified suicidal versus nonsuicidal languages and then classified users with opioid usage versus those without opioid usage. Several traditional baselines and neural network (NN) text classifiers were trained using subreddit names as the labels and combinations of semantic inputs. We then attempted to extract out-of-sample data belonging to the intersection of suicide ideation and opioid abuse. Amazon Mechanical Turk was used to provide labels for the out-of-sample data. Results: Classification results were at least 90% across all models for at least one combination of input; the best classifier was convolutional neural network, which obtained an F1 score of 96.6%. When predicting out-of-sample data for posts containing both suicidal ideation and signs of opioid addiction, NN classifiers produced more false positives and traditional methods produced more false negatives, which is less desirable for predicting suicidal sentiments. Conclusions: Opioid abuse is linked to the risk of unintentional overdose and suicide risk. Social media platforms such as Reddit contain metadata that can aid machine learning and provide information at a personal level that cannot be obtained elsewhere. We demonstrate that it is possible to use NNs as a tool to predict an out-of-sample target with a model built from data sets labeled by characteristics we wish to distinguish in the out-of-sample target. Trial Registration:
Engaging With Difficult Knowledge of U.S. Wars in Elementary Social Studies Methods Course

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to understand teaching and learning not just as cognitive but also as affective experiences that are imbued with emotional complexi...
Impostor phenomenon revisited: Presenting a self-affirmation theory of workplace impostor thoughts

A phenomenon popularly referred to as impostor syndrome remains understudied by organizational scholars, even though 70% of employees experience it at work. To draw much-needed attention to the phe...