cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Pollination of Buckwheat in Eastern North America

Seed production in buckwheat, Fagopyro.m esculentum Moench, can be lower than expected from the plant biomass. Low seed production is often blamed on inadequate pollination. Honey bees, Apis mellifem L., were at least 95% of the insect visitors to buckwheat flowers in fields of central New York State. The number of times each flower was visited by a honey bee ranged from zero to >40, but the number of honey bee visits did not increase daily seed initiation if each flower was visited at least twice. Pollen delivery sometimes limited seed set, but limitation was not associated with low honey bee visitation frequency. The yield and genetic quality of buckwheat is best with pollen deliveries of at least 10 grains, but honey bees (It-livered less pollen. The time between delivery of the 1st and 10th pollen grain was =1 h, which is more than enough for fertilization to occur. Buckwheat in New York is polli- nated primarily by honey bees, but bee behavior is not well adapted to the crop, and the effectiveness of bees as pollinators was not improved at higher bee populations.
Haemolymph juvenile hormone esterase activity in synchronous last instar larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni

Abstract Weight and time of moult during the last instar of the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) were examined and used to select last instar larvae that had similar rates of development. Haemolymph protein content and titres of haemolymph esterases hydrolyzing juvenile hormone I, juvenile hormone III, and α-naphthyl acetate were monitored during the last instar using these closely timed larvae. Juvenile hormone I and juvenile hormone III esterase profiles were very similar and differed markedly from the α-naphthyl acetate esterase and protein content profiles. Two major peaks of juvenile hormone esterase activity were observed, one before ecdysone release and the other just prior to pupal ecdysis. Juvenile hormone I was hydrolyzed 15 times faster than juvenile hormone III when assayed at 5 × 10−6 M.
Code-switching and the construction of ethnic identity in a community of practice

In the past twenty years the existence of a sense of ethnic belonging among immigrant groups of European ancestry in the United States has become the focus of frequent debates and polemics. This article argues that ethnicity cannot be understood if it is abstracted from concrete social practices, and that analyses of this construct need to be based on ethnographic observation and on the study of actual talk in interaction. This interactionally oriented perspective is taken to present an analysis of how Italian ethnicity is constructed as a central element in the collective identity of an all-male card playing club. Linguistic strategies, particularly code-switching, are central in this construction, but their role becomes apparent only when language use is analyzed within significant practices in the life of the club. Code-switching into Italian is used as an important index of ethnic affiliation in socialization practices related to the game and in official discourse addressed by the president to club members through the association of the language with central domains of activity.I would like to thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor of this journal, Barbara Johnstone, for their insightful suggestions, which have substantially contributed to the shaping of this article.
Biaxial orientation of polypropylene by hydrostatic solid state extrusion. Part II: Morphology and properties

Changes in the lamellar structure of polypropylene during biaxial orientation by hydrostatic extrusion have been examined. Examination of etched surfaces in the transmission electron microscope has revealed that up to a draw ratio of about 1.5 × 1.5 the primary mechanism is lamellar rotation into the plane of orientation, At higher draw ratios breakup of the lamellae is observed with formation of a granular structure. Thermal measurements suggest that localized melting and recrystallization may accompany the process of lamellar breakup. These morphological observations confirm the previous interpretation of SAXS and permit a more detailed model of the hierarchical structure to be proposed. Stress strain measurements show a gradual change from sharp necking to uniform deformation as the draw ratio is increased. On the other hand, the structural change at a draw ratio of about 1.5 × 1.5 Is accompanied by a large increase in the tensile impact strength.
Effect of bromodeoxyuridine on redundancy of ribosomal RNA cistrons of Drosophila virilis.

THERE have been numerous demonstrations that the thymidine analogue, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), can affect the progress of cellular events in eukaryotes. It has been suggested that the incorporation of the base analogue changes the secondary structure of DNA and/or chromatin recognition sites1–3. Support for this view has come from studies which have shown a BrdU substitution effect on the physical properties of isolated chromatin4,5 and alterations in the patterns of RNA transcription6–9. In some instances, a correlation between the onset of DNA synthesis and the effect of BrdU has been observed1,3. In addition, several studies have shown that the drug can alter the process of DNA replication8,10,11. Thus, it has been argued that changes in the replication of DNA may precede or lead directly to the expression of BrdU sensitivity.
Clinical Assessment Of Stereotactic IGRT: Spinal Radiosurgery

The role of stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of intracranial lesions is well established. Its use for the treatment of spinal lesions has been limited because of the availability of effective target immobilization devices. Recent advances in stereotactic IGRT have allowed for spinal applications. Large clinical experience with spinal radiosurgery to properly assess clinical outcomes has previously been limited. At our institution, we have developed a successful multidisciplinary spinal radiosurgery program in which 542 spinal lesions (486 malignant and 56 benign lesions) were treated with a single-fraction radiosurgery technique. Patient ages ranged from 18 to 85 years (mean 56 years). Lesion location included 92 cervical, 234 thoracic, 130 lumbar, and 86 sacral. The most common metastatic tumors were renal cell (89 cases), breast (74 cases), and lung (71 cases). The most common benign tumors were neurofibroma (24 cases), schwannoma (13 cases), and meningioma (7 cases). Eighty-nine cervical lesions were treated using skull tracking. Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral tumors were tracked relative to either gold or stainless steel fiducial markers. The maximum intratumoral dose ranged from 12.5 to 30 Gy (mean 20 Gy). Tumor volume ranged from 0.16 to 298 mL (mean 47 mL). Three hundred thirty-seven lesions had received prior external beam irradiation with spinal cord doses precluding further conventional irradiation. The primary indication for radiosurgery was pain in 326 cases, as a primary treatment modality in 70 cases, for tumor radiographic tumor progression in 65 cases, for post-surgical treatment in 38 cases, for progressive neurological deficit in 35 cases, and as a radiation boost in 8 cases. Follow-up period was at least 3 to 49 months. Axial and/or radicular pain improved in 300 of 326 cases (92%). Long-term tumor control was demonstrated in 90% of lesions treated with radiosurgery as a primary treatment modality and in 88% of lesions treated for radiographic tumor progression. Thirty of 35 patients (85%) with progressive neurological deficits experienced at least some improvement after treatment. Spinal stereotactic radiosurgery is now a feasible, safe, and clinically effective technique for the treatment of a variety of spinal lesions. The potential benefits of radiosurgical ablation of spinal lesions are short treatment time in an outpatient setting with essentially no recovery time and excellent symptomatic response. This technique offers a new therapeutic modality for the primary treatment of a variety of spinal lesions, including the treatment of neoplasms in medically inoperable patients, previously irradiated sites, for lesions not amenable to open surgical techniques, and as an adjunct to surgery.
A Comprehensive Study of Conjugate Heat Transfer During Free Liquid Jet Impingement on a Rotating Disk

The aim of this computational study is to characterize convective heat transfer for a free liquid jet impinging on a rotating and uniformly heated solid disk of finite thickness and radius. Calculations are done for a number of disk materials and working fluids covering a range of Reynolds number (445–1,800), Ekman number (2.21 × 10−5–2.65 × 10−4), nozzle-to-target spacing (β = 0.55–5.0), disk thicknesses-to-nozzle diameter ratio (0.167–1.67), disk-to-nozzle diameter ratio (2.11–6.33), Prandtl number (1.29–124.44), and solid-to-fluid thermal conductivity ratio (36.91–2222). A generalized correlation for average Nusselt number is developed from numerical results. The simulation results compare reasonably well with available experimental data.
The 'Little Man Storage' model

A simple but powerful storage model is described that has close correlation to generic storage systems. Extending the Little Man Computer paradigm developed by Stuart Madnick and John Donovan during the 1960s at MIT (where it was taught to all undergraduate computer science students), this paper describes a comparable development undertaken for disk and tape storage devices. A "Little Man Storage" paradigm is proposed to simplify the explanation of how storage devices function and how data is maintained by those devices.
The Business of Becoming a Professional Sociologist: Unpacking the Informal Training of Graduate School*

While one can be labeled a sociologist in name by fulfilling formal institutional requirements, that is only part of the necessary work involved in graduate training. What is also required is mastering the informal professional culture associated with academic sociology. In this paper, we offer practical advice about informal norms in graduate school—norms we know now that we wish we’d known then. Our reflections upon our own experiences in graduate school are guided by our common research and teaching interests in informal organizational culture. What is the potential salience of informal norms, such as particularistic relations with faculty and graduate students, ceremonial versus actual practices regarding research and teaching, and emotional labor around one’s work, for better understanding the professional socialization of graduate study in sociology? Our emphasis here is to offer advice on how to navigate the graduate school realities these norms present. We also believe that sociologists should turn a more focused eye on the profession, one in which the presence of such norms is readily acknowledged and more formally considered for the benefit of teaching graduate students.
Cation transport goes with the flow

sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the cortical collecting duct are tightly regulated by luminal fluid flow ([9][1], [11][2]). Raising perfusion rates in isolated tubules exerts two forces on the apical surface of the epithelium, fluid shear stress and circumferential stretch. Flores et
The paramyxovirus simian virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, but not the fusion glycoprotein, is internalized via coated pits and enters the endocytic pathway.

Abstract The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) are expressed on the surface of virus-infected cells. Although the F protein was found to be expressed stably, the HN protein was internalized from the plasma membrane. HN protein lacks known internalization signals in its cytoplasmic domain that are common to many integral membrane proteins that are internalized via clathrin-coated pits. Thus, the cellular pathway of HN protein internalization was examined. Biochemical analysis indicated that HN was lost from the cell surface with a t1/2 of approximately 45-50 min and turned over with a t1/2 of approximately 2 h. Immunofluorescent analysis showed internalized SV5 HN in vesicle-like structures in a juxtanuclear pattern coincident with the localization of ovalbumin. In contrast the SV5 F glycoprotein and the HN glycoprotein of the highly related parainfluenza virus 3 (hPIV-3) were found only on the cell surface. Immunogold staining of HN on the surface of SV5-infected CV-1 cells and examination using electron microscopy, showed heavy surface labeling that gradually decreased with time. Concomitantly, gold particles were detected in the endosomal system and with increasing time, gold-labeled structures having the morphology of lysosomes were observed. On the plasma membrane approximately 5% of the gold-labeled HN was found in coated pits. The inhibition of the pinching-off of coated pits from the plasma membrane by cytosol acidification significantly reduced HN internalization. Internalized HN was co-localized with gold-conjugated transferrin, a marker for the early endosomal compartments, and with gold-conjugated bovine serum albumin, a marker for late endosomal compartments. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the HN glycoprotein is internalized via clathrin-coated pits and delivered to the endocytic pathway.
The first discrete half-sandwich samaracarborane of a C2B4-carborane ligand system

Abstract The reaction between THF-solvated dilithiacarborane, closo-exo-4,5-Li(THF)2-1-Li(THF)2-2,3-(SiMe3)2C2B4H4, and anhydrous SmCl3 in 1:1 stoichiometry in dry benzene at 0°C, followed by extraction and crystallization of the product from a solution containing 80% dry n-hexane, 10% dry tert-butanol and 10% dry THF resulted in the isolation of pale-yellow crystals of {1,1-(t-C4H9OH)2-1-(t-C4H9O)-2,3-(SiMe3)2-4,5-[Li(THF)Cl]-closo-η5-1-Sm-2,3-C2B4H4}·THF (2) in 78% yield.
GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in coronary artery disease management: What the latest trials tell us

Recent clinical trials have refined our understanding of how the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors should best be used. These trials examined whether there are clinical differences between agents, whether empiric use of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes is justified, and whether these drugs might allow for early invasive management in acute coronary syndromes.
A Factorial Analysis of Pituitary-Gonad-Comb Relationships in the Chick 1—Action of Pregnant-Mare-Serum and Testosterone-Propionate on Androgen Secretion

Abstract AN UNDERSTANDING of hormone action in endocrine experiments is always complicated by the existence of interactions or suspected interactions. Since hormones may both stimulate and inhibit, the administration to an animal of more than one hormone may produce results which are difficult to interpret. The problem obviously becomes even more complex when the interactions of the hormones of several glands of normal or operated animals are being studied. A very effective statistical technique for the analysis of interactions has been developed by Yates (1937) and others. This is the “factorial” experiment which has been so successful in agricultural work as illustrated by studies of various combinations of chemicals in fertilizers. An attempt to apply factorial analysis to an endocrine problem was made by Snedecor and Breneman (1945). Combinations of various androgens were administered to chicks and the effects of these treatments on body, comb, and gonad sizes were studied. Because . . .
State‐tribe relations: Kurdish tribalism in the 16th‐ and 17th‐century Ottoman empire

(1996). State‐tribe relations: Kurdish tribalism in the 16th‐ and 17th‐century Ottoman empire. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 5-27.
Studies on the linear chain antiferromagnets: Ba2MnX3 (X = S, Se, Te) and Their Solid Solutions

Abstract The linear chain antiferromagnetism previously reported for Ba 2 MnS 3 and Ba 2 MnSe 3 is now demonstrated for Ba 2 MnTe 3 . The mixed-chalcogenide solid solutions Ba 2 Mn X x X ′ 3- x ( X , X ′ = S, Se, Te; x = 0, 1, 2) have been prepared and their electrical and magnetic properties studied. All of the phases are insulating with room temperature resistivities of approximately 10 2 -10 3 Ω cm. The magnetic susceptibility curves of these mixed-chalcogenide phases exhibit broad maxima typical of one dimensional magnetic ordering. The linear-chain model of Bonner-Fisher for Heisenberg-type ions was applied to the susceptibility data. The geometry of the superexchange pathway appears to be critical in determining the strength of the magnetic coupling, with the polarizability of the bridging atom having little effect.
Microstructural analysis of a multistage heat-treated ultrahigh strength low alloy steel

Abstract The microstructure that results from a modified heat treatment process for 300M steel (silicon-modified AISI 4340 steel) was extensively studied. Cyclic heat treatment resulted in a higher yield strength than that obtained by conventional heat treatment, but the plane strain fracture toughness decreased. The introduction of an intermediate tempering step prior to the re-austenitization step solved this problem and all investigated properties were improved. This modified heat treatment process resulted in the refinement of prior austenite grain size and lath width, a reduction in the amount of twinned plate martensite, an increase in the amount of interlath films of retained austenite and a fine dispersion of the carbides M 23 C 6 and M 7 C 3 in addition to cementite and ϵ carbide. The fracture mode in the initiation region also changed from predominantly quasi-cleavage to a mixture of quasi-cleavage and microvoid coalescence, with a smaller void size. The interplay of these microstructural changes resulted in improved mechanical properties.
X-ray microtomography of field-induced macro-structures in a ferrofluid

Abstract X-ray microtomography is used to visualize, in-situ, the three-dimensional nature of the magnetic field induced macro-structures (>1 μm) inside a bulk (∼1 mm diameter) magnetite-particle–mineral oil ferrofluid sample. Columnar structures of ∼10 μm diameter were seen under a 0.35 kG applied magnetic field, while labyrinth type structures ∼4 μm in width were seen at 0.55 kG. The structures have height/width aspect ratios >100. The results show that the magnetite volume fraction is not constant within the structures and on average is considerably less than a random sphere packing model.
Interobjectivity and Culture

The wide-ranging review by Coelho and Figueiredo (2003) serves as a useful point of departure for highlighting two major limitations of discussions on intersubjectivity: first, rifts between differ...
An Integrative Neurocircuit Perspective on Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures and Functional Movement Disorders Neural Functional Unawareness

Functional neurological disorder (conversion disorder) is a neurobehavioral condition frequently encountered by neurologists. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES) and functional movement disorder (FMD) patients present to epileptologists and movement disorder specialists respectively, yet neurologists lack a neurobiological perspective through which to understand these enigmatic groups. Observational research studies suggest that PNES and FMD may represent variants of similar (or the same) conditions given that both groups exhibit a female predominance, have increased prevalence of mood-anxiety disorders, frequently endorse prior abuse, and share phenotypic characteristics. In this perspective article, neuroimaging studies in PNES and FMD are reviewed, and discussed using studies of emotional dysregulation, dissociation and psychological trauma in the context of motor control. Convergent neuroimaging findings implicate alterations in brain circuits mediating emotional expression, regulation and awareness (anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, insula, amygdala, vermis), cognitive control and motor inhibition (dorsal anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, inferior frontal cortices), self-referential processing and perceptual awareness (posterior parietal cortex, temporoparietal junction), and motor planning and coordination (supplementary motor area, cerebellum). Striatal-thalamic components of prefrontal-parietal networks may also play a role in pathophysiology. Aberrant medial prefrontal and amygdalar neuroplastic changes mediated by chronic stress may facilitate the development of functional neurological symptoms in a subset of patients. Improved biological understanding of PNES and FMD will likely reduce stigma and aid the identification of neuroimaging biomarkers guiding treatment development, selection, and prognosis. Additional research should investigate neurocircuit abnormalities within and across functional neurological disorder subtypes, as well as compare PNES and FMD with mood-anxiety-dissociative disorders.
“I've Counted Jon”: Transformational Experiences of Teachers Educating Students with Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of general education teachers who have had a student with severe disabilities in their class. Interviews of 19 general education teachers, kindergarten through Grade 9, as well as questionnaires completed by 18 teachers, were analyzed using categorical coding procedures to identify themes related to the teachers' experiences. Results showed that despite teachers' initial negative reactions to the placement of a child with severe disabilities in their classrooms, 17 teachers described transforming experiences of a more positive nature and related many benefits to the students with disabilities, their classmates, and the teachers themselves. Respondents also characterized what support services they found helpful and not helpful.
Guard Ring Simulations for n-on-p Silicon Particle Detectors

We propose a new guard ring geometry for n-on-p silicon particle detectors for high luminosity applications. The performance of the guard ring structure is evaluated with simulations up to a radiation fluence of 1 x 1015 neq/cm2 using an existing three level trap model for p-type FZ silicon. The post-irradiation performance improvement of guard rings with floating field plates pointing towards the sensitive region is demonstrated. The breakdown behavior of the guard ring structure is studied as a function of oxide charge, field plate length, and oxide thickness.
A crucial role for hnRNP K in axon development in Xenopus laevis.

We report that hnRNP K, an RNA-binding protein implicated in multiple aspects of post-transcriptional gene control, is essential for axon outgrowth in Xenopus . Its intracellular localization was found to be consistent with one of its known roles as an mRNA shuttling protein. In early embryos, it was primarily nuclear, whereas later it occupied both the nucleus and cytoplasm to varying degrees in different neuronal subtypes. Antisense hnRNP K morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) microinjected into blastomeres suppressed hnRNP K expression from neural plate stages through to at least stage 40. Differentiating neural cells in these embryos expressed several markers for terminally differentiated neurons but failed to make axons. Rescue experiments and the use of two separate hnRNP K MOs were carried out to confirm that these effects were specifically caused by knockdown of hnRNP K expression. For insights into the involvement of hnRNP K in neuronal post-transcriptional gene control at the molecular level, we compared effects on expression of the medium neurofilament protein (NF-M), the RNA for which binds hnRNP K, with that of peripherin, another intermediate filament protein, the RNA for which does not bind hnRNP K. hnRNP K knockdown compromised NF-M mRNA nucleocytoplasmic export and translation, but had no effect on peripherin . Because eliminating NF-M from Xenopus axons attenuates, but does not abolish, their outgrowth, hnRNP K must target additional RNAs needed for axon development. Our study supports the idea that translation of at least a subset of RNAs involved in axon development is controlled by post-transcriptional regulatory modules that have hnRNP K as an essential element.
Subjective ratings of the characteristics and sequelae of good and poor sleep in normals

Forty normal subjects completed a general screening inventory and two postsleep questionnaires (PSQs). One PSQ was self-administered after a good night of sleep and one after a poor night of sleep. Responses to a subset of items from both nights were factor-analyzed. Varimax rotation yielded four factors that were interpreted as (a) Dysphoria (b) Cognitive Inefficiency and Sleepiness (c) Motor Impairment and (d) Social Discomfort. Night-tonight comparisons of subjects' estimates of sleep parameters reveal that poor sleep is associated with longer sleep latency, a greater number of awakenings, less total sleep time, and more difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep than good sleep. Mean scores for each generated factor of the PSQ also differed significantly between nights, suggesting that a greater degree of disturbance is associated with poor sleep. The implications of these data as well as the reliability of subjective ratings of sleep quality and post-sleep experiences are discussed.
Ambivalent effect of immunoglobulins on the complement system: Activation versus inhibition

Pathogen and self-specific antibodies are known for their ability to trigger generation of active complement fragments that then serve as effectors of cell damage. The remainder of the immunoglobulin pool of the host has the capacity to quench harmful effects of activated complement cascade by preventing active complement fragments from binding to their specific receptors. This scavenging function is mediated by different acceptor sites within the immunoglobulin molecule. Large fragments, such as C3b and C4b are preferentially bound to the Fc region, while biologically potent C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins get neutralized by low-affinity interaction with the constant domain of the F(ab)(2.) The ambivalent effect of immunoglobulins on the complement system implies their role in homeostasis as well as expansion of use of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins in diseases and states mediated by inappropriate complement activation.
Survey of internal medicine residents' use of the fecal occult blood test and their understanding of colorectal cancer screening and surveillance.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Primary care physicians have imperfect understanding of current colorectal cancer screening guidelines and recommendations. Furthermore, compliance with colorectal cancer screening by internal medicine residents has been demonstrated to be poor. We sought to identify whether current trainees in internal medicine had adequate understanding of colorectal cancer screening and surveillance and test utilization. METHODS: We applied a structured questionnaire about colorectal cancer screening and the use of fecal occult blood tests to 168 internal medicine residents at four accredited programs in the U.S. They were also asked for recommendations about six hypothetical patients who may have been candidates for screening or surveillance. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent identified 50 yr as the currently recommended age to commence screening in an average-risk individual; 64.3% would begin screening with fecal occult blood testing and flexible sigmoidoscopy and 4.8% with colonoscopy. Most perform fecal occult blood testing on stool obtained at digital rectal exam and without prior dietary restrictions. Many use fecal occult blood testing for indications other than colorectal cancer screening. Only 29% recommended colonoscopy to evaluate a positive fecal occult blood test. Most residents plan to be screened for colorectal neoplasia at the appropriate age; significantly more opted for colonoscopy than recommended it for their patients. CONCLUSIONS: Internal medicine residents have many misperceptions regarding colorectal cancer screening and the utility of the fecal occult blood test. Educational efforts should be directed at internal medicine residents, many of whom plan careers in primary care, where most colorectal cancer screening is currently performed.
ON COMMUNICATION RULES FROM A SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE

The paper addresses some of the assumptions and criticisms of rule-governed approaches to interpersonal communication research and theory. A definition of rules is first outlined which does not require sole reliance on interpersonal actors’ statements about their behavior or assumptions of communicator self-awareness. Then the paper addresses the intercultural and developmental criticisms directed by Miller (1978) against rules studies. With regard to the former, it is suggested that communications researchers account for (1) the behavior patterns of individuals interacting intraculturally, (2) the culturally patterned attitudes and behavior manifest in intercultural exchanges, and (3) the rule-governed strategies for negotiation. While the paper does not deny the existence of some idiosyncratic behavior, it is suggested that researchers consider rules-based concomitants of relationship developments which are socially patterned in lieu of focusing on relationship-specific (unique) behavior.
Continuous-system simulation and analog computers: from op-amp design to aerospace applications

Analog computer simulation has been completely replaced by more accurate, cheaper, and convenient digital techniques. Analog computers provided three decades of real simulation experience well before digital computers were fast enough and have left a significant legacy of mathematical modeling techniques. Almost none of the machines produced in the course of the 30-year rise and fall of a small industry are left. We were in a well-motivated hurry to develop computers and guided weapons and to get into space first. We lacked the time, funds, and floor space to preserve aging artifacts. ASTRAC II and LOCUST joined more important analog simulator landmarks on the trash heap: MIT's great differential analyzer, Grumman Aircraft's impressive lunar-lander mockup, and NASA/Huntsville's lunar-excursion simulator are all gone for good. The same fate overtook almost all historically significant digital computers. Each machine would have needed over 2000 square feet of museum space. Museums find that much space only for dinosaur skeletons.
Disregulation of cell calcium and calcium-binding proteins in experimental hypertension.

Hypertension in experimental animal models is often associated with several distinct abnormalities in calcium metabolism from the level of the cell to the whole organism. The physiological and biochemical defects in the regulation of calcium include: low serum ionized calcium, elevated serum PTH, hypercalciuria, decreased intestinal calcium absorption, altered vitamin D metabolism, decreased calcium reabsorption, altered membrane- binding, and decreased binding to intracellular calcium-binding proteins. These derangements of systemic and intracellular calcium regulation lead to the overall calcium imbalance best reflected by reduced bone density and bone mineralization.
Comparison of the Metastatic Properties of B16 Melanoma Clones Isolated from Cultured Cell Lines, Subcutaneous Tumors, and Individual Lung Metastases

Tumors produced by s.c. injection of uncloned B16 melanoma cell lines contain clonal tumor cell subpopulations with widely differing metastatic properties, including clones that are nonmetastatic. Similar metastatic heterogeneity exists in clones isolated from the same cell lines cultured in vitro. In B16 melanoma sublines (B16-BL6, B16-BV8, and B16-BP8) selected for enhanced invasive and metastatic behavior, the proportion of clones with high metastatic capacity is increased relative to the parent cell line. The cellular composition of metastases produced by s.c. or i.v. injection of the uncloned parent cell line has also been examined. Some metastases are populated by clones with indistinguishable metastatic properties (intralesional clonal homogeneity) while others yield clones with different metastatic properties (intralesional clonal heterogeneity). The range of clonal diversity in heterogeneous metastases is, however, substantially less than in the parent line. The number of metastases yielding clones with heterogeneous metastatic phenotypes is higher for "spontaneous" metastases arising from s.c. tumors than in "experimental" metastases produced by i.v. injection of single-cell suspensions. Studies using B16 cells bearing specific biochemical markers indicate that clonally homogeneous metastases are of monoclonal origin and that metastases populated by clones with heterogeneous metastatic phenotypes are of polyclonal origin.
Phosphorus and Calcium A Review for the Adult Nutrition Support Clinician

Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) serve vital roles in the human body and are essential components of nutrition support therapy. Regulation of P and regulation of Ca in the body are closely interrelated, and P and Ca homeostasis can be affected by several factors, including disease states, clinical condition, severity of illness, and medications. Nutrition support clinicians must understand these factors to prevent and treat P and Ca disorders in patients receiving nutrition support therapy. This review provides an overview of P and Ca for the adult nutrition support clinician, with some emphasis on the hospitalized inpatient.
Mapping the Ryanodine Receptor FK506-binding Protein Subunit Using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

The 12-kDa FK506-binding proteins (FKBP12 and FKBP12.6) are regulatory subunits of ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ release channels. To investigate the structural basis of FKBP interactions with the RyR1 and RyR2 isoforms, we used site-directed fluorescent labeling of FKBP12.6, ligand binding measurements, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Single-cysteine substitutions were introduced at five positions distributed over the surface of FKBP12.6. Fluorescent labeling at position 14, 32, 49, or 85 did not affect high affinity binding to the RyR1. By comparison, fluorescent labeling at position 41 reduced the affinity of FKBP12.6 binding by 10-fold. Each of the five fluorescent FKBPs retained the ability to inhibit [3H]ryanodine binding to the RyR1, although the maximal extent of inhibition was reduced by half when the label was attached at position 32. The orientation of FKBP12.6 bound to the RyR1 and RyR2 was examined by measuring FRET from the different labeling positions on FKBP12.6 to an acceptor attached within the RyR calmodulin subunit. FRET was dependent on the position of fluorophore attachment on FKBP12.6; however, for any given position, the distance separating donors and acceptors bound to RyR1 versus RyR2 did not differ significantly. Our results show that FKBP12.6 binds to RyR1 and RyR2 in the same orientation and suggest new insights into the discrete structural domains responsible for channel binding and inhibition. FRET mapping of RyR-bound FKBP12.6 is consistent with the predictions of a previous cryoelectron microscopy study and strongly supports the proposed structural model.
Positional Accuracy of Assisted GPS Data from High-Sensitivity GPS-enabled Mobile Phones

Utilizing both Assisted GPS (A-GPS) techniques and new high-sensitivity embedded GPS hardware, mobile phones are now able to achieve positioning in harsh environments such as urban canyons and indoor locations where older embedded GPS chips could not. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the positional accuracy of location data gathered using a high-sensitivity GPS-enabled mobile phone. The performance of the mobile phone is compared to that of regular recreational grade GPS receivers. Availability of valid GPS position fixes on the mobile phones tested was consistently close to 100% both outdoors and indoors. During static outdoor testing, positions provided by the mobile phones revealed a median horizontal error of between 5·0 and 8·5 m, substantially larger than those for regular autonomous GPS units by a factor of 2 to 3. Horizontal errors during static indoor testing were larger compared to outdoors, but the difference in accuracy between mobile phones and regular GPS receivers was reduced. Despite the modest performance of A-GPS on mobile phones, testing under various conditions revealed that very large errors are not very common. The maximum horizontal error during outdoor testing never exceeded 30 metres and during indoor testing never exceeded 100 metres. Combined with the relatively consistent availability of valid GPS position fixes under varying conditions, the current study has confirmed the reliability of A-GPS on mobiles phones as a source of location information for a range of different LBS applications.
Grrrlpower: What Counts as Voice and Who Does the Counting?

The article reviews several books, "Future Girl," by Anita Harris, "Not My Mother's Sister," by Astrid Henry, and "Packaging Girlhood," by Sharon S. Lamb and Lyn M. Brown.
A class of continuous nonlinear programming problems with time‐delayed constraints

A general class of continuous time nonlinear problems is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions are established and optimal solutions are characterized in terms of a duality theorem. The theory is illustrated by means of an example.
FDA CLINICAL INVESTIGATOR SITE INSPECTIONS: THE SPONSOR'S ROLE

Once a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for review and potential approval, it is likely that at least some of the clinical trial investigators will be inspected by the FDA. Study issues of noncompliance and/or data integrity can result in costly approval delays. This paper will describe the role of the sponsor in dealing with an FDA clinical trial site inspection including selection of clinical trial sites, timing of sponsor inspections, site coaching, and the sponsor’s role during and after the FDA inspection. This preinspection program has been viewed as beneficial by company management and Eli Lilly and Company trial investigators who have been investigated. It is believed that the FDA benefits as well, by assuring that site documents and staff are in readiness for an efficient inspection.
Ergonomics and quality in paced assembly lines

The aim of this industrial study was to measure relationships between workstation ergonomics and product quality. Quality on two paced manual assembly lines for disposable cameras was measured by the number of defects per week at each workstation. Two ergonomic variables, the time required for the task and the postural deficiencies, were together able to predict over 50% of the quality variance on each assembly line. This study shows the direct effect of ergonomics variables on quality results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulatory effects of ammonia on carbon metabolism in Chlorella pyrenoidosa during photosynthesis and respiration.

Abstract Addition of ammonia to Chlorella pyrenoidosa , respiring in the dark following a period of photosynthesis, causes a stimulation of the flow of carbon into the synthesis of amino acids similar to that observed upon addition of ammonia during photosynthesis. In both cases, this stimulation is due not only to the increased availability of NH 4 + for reductive amination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate but is also due to stimulation of the rate of conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. Addition of NH 4 + in the dark causes a large increase in the formation of 6-phosphogluconate, beyond the increase in 6-phosphogluconate already seen when the light is turned off. When the light is turned off, the level of starch begins to decrease, and the rate of this decrease is not changed by the subsequent addition of ammonia. In contrast, the level of sucrose becomes nearly constant when the light is turned off, but begins immediately to decline when ammonia is added. As observed before, the level of ATP drops temporarily when the light is turned off and then rises to a steady state similar to that seen in the light. Upon the addition of ammonia, a similar transient drop and re-establishment in the level of ATP is seen. These and other reported results are discussed with respect to sites and mechanisms of light-dark metabolic regulation leading to increased flow of carbon from carbohydrate reserves into mitochondrial metabolism in the dark, and the sites and mechanisms by which ammonia affects the rate of this flow.
Exchange Entrances, Mergers and the Evolution of Order Flow on NASDAQ 1993-2010

We examine the changes in order flow on NASDAQ from 1993 through 2010. We find that while volume and the number of trades are increasing for NASDAQ-listed securities, the percentage of volume that executes on NASDAQ declines from almost 100% in the 1990’s to less than 40% in 2010. We examine the entrants of new exchanges on NASDAQ and the merger of NASDAQ and several exchanges. We do not find that either entrants of new trading venues of the merging of trading venues leads to a change in total volume of securities executed. We find that the number of trading locations increases trading costs, but as order flow becomes more fragmented, trading costs decline. We see that as order flow fragments on NASDAQ, the speed of execution increases, and find little relation between the number of exchange/venues that trade NASDAQ stocks and the speed of execution. We also document a large increase in the number of cancelled orders for NASDAQ-listed securities, and this is increasing over time.
Enhanced DNA Detection Through the Incorporation of Nanocones and Cavities Into a Plasmonic Grating Sensor Platform

In this paper, a novel plasmonic grating sensor platform was developed and tested for feasibility using a lights-ON fluorescence-based DNA assay. The sensor platform combined the fluorescence enhancement of a grating-based plasmonic platform with the electric field intensifying effects of nanoscale cones and cavities. The gratings were made through a microcontact printing process that replicated HD-DVD disks in polymethylsilsesquioxane and coated with a thin gold film. Nanocavities were incorporated into the sensor platform during the printing process and nanocones were incorporated during the 100-nm gold deposition process. Fluorescently tagged single-strand (ss) DNA molecules were immobilized onto the surface and were designed such that the molecules would fluoresce when bound to a complementary sequence. Sensor substrates were imaged after exposure to a mismatched and matched ssDNA to quantify the fluorescence enhancement of the sensor. Exposure to matched ssDNA resulted in fluorescent emission from the grating that was $13.6\times $ brighter than flat gold, while the nanocones and nanocavities were $37.5\times $ and $47.4\times $ brighter than flat gold, respectively.
The Influence of the Family Economic Factors on Living Arrangement of the Married only Daughter

The only child has massively reached marriageable and reproductive age.Because of the particularity of these family relationship.the traditional mode of family living arrangement is bound to be impacted.By use of the household survey data of fertile women aged 20-29 in Suzhou in 2005,through the method of column list and logistic regression analysis,the paper distinguishes the differences of living arrangement between married only daughter and non only daughter,and tries to find out the main factors influencing the living arrangement.Conclusion are:Overall,moer married only daughter live alone than non only daughter,and mother's employment is key factors influencing living together,and married only daughter select mode of residence more flexiblly.The main body who make decision of residence is young couple,and the decision is based on the results of division of labor.These phenomenan are consistent with the rational choice theory.Living arrangement show obviously characteristic of lifecycle and the mark of traditional culture.
The Change of Plasmic Atrial Natriuretic Factor and its Clinical Slgnificauce in nephrotic syndrome

To explore the change of plastic ANd in children with NS during the treatment. Methods:The level of plasmic ANF of 30 cases was determined by radioinmunoassary kits before and after T. C. M W. M therapy. Results:lt manifests that the level of plastic ANF in Patents with NS is significantly higher than control group (P＜0. 001 ). In the clinical remission phase after treatment,the level restored to normal range. Conclusions: The detection of ANF in NS was helpful to evaluate the curative effeCt,the judgement of disease,the progress and prediction of prognosis.
The Effect of Noise on Relationships Between Speech Intelligibility and Self-Reported Communication Measures in Tracheoesophageal Speakers.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine how sentence intelligibility relates to self-reported communication in tracheoesophageal speakers when speech intelligibility is measured in quiet and noise. Method Twenty-four tracheoesophageal speakers who were at least 1 year postlaryngectomy provided audio recordings of 5 sentences from the Sentence Intelligibility Test. Speakers also completed self-reported measures of communication—the Voice Handicap Index-10 and the Communicative Participation Item Bank short form. Speech recordings were presented to 2 groups of inexperienced listeners who heard sentences in quiet or noise. Listeners transcribed the sentences to yield speech intelligibility scores. Results Very weak relationships were found between intelligibility in quiet and measures of voice handicap and communicative participation. Slightly stronger, but still weak and nonsignificant, relationships were observed between measures of intelligibility in noise and both self-reported measures. However...
Non-relativistic Quasistatic Approximations

In this section we consider different variants of non-relativistic approximations to Maxwell equations.