cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entre o radicalismo e a resignação: teoria democrática em Direito e democracia, de Habermas

In this article, William Scheuerman examines Habermas's greatest contribution to democratic theory, the book published in English as Between facts and norms. It signals a "realistic" and conservative turn in his work, which denies the radical democratic commitment that marked his previous thought. In particular, Habermas incorporates Bernhard Peters's political sociology. Thus, the critical distinction between strong and weak public audiences, which Habermas brings from Nancy Fraser's reading on the concept of public sphere, joins the idea of a functional distinction of the political system, in which the center must make decisions. The influence of civil society is, in this case, always indirect and mediated.
Complete endoscopic removal of a necrotic spleen (with video)

A 78-year-old woman underwent subtotal gastrectomy, Billroth II reconstruction, and splenic preserving distal pancreatectomy for locally invasive gastric adenocarcinoma (Fig. 1A). Abdominal CT performed 20 days later to evaluate abdominal pain demonstrated a gastrojejunostomy anastomotic leak with adjacent abscess. Splenic necrosis was evident because of a lack of enhancement with emphysematous changes at the hilum contiguous with the abscess (Fig. 1B). Percutaneous catheter placement was impossible without traversing the pleural space, and her hostile abdomen prohibited an anterior surgical approach. Thus, endoscopic therapy was undertaken after informed consent. A therapeutic channel upper endoscope (GIF-1T-Q180; Olympus Medical Systems, Center Valley, Pa) was introduced into the stomach where a large defect was found proximal to the anastomosis. After suctioning purulent material, the endoscope was advanced into the cavity where a large amount of necrotic tissue was debrided with a 2-cm spiral snare (SD-230U-20; Olympus Medical Systems) (Fig. 2A; Video, available online at www.giejournal. org) and was found to be devitalized spleen (Figs. 2B). After additional debridement, a 10F pigtail nasobiliary tube was left in the cavity for irrigation. Later, a CT-guided percutaneous drain was placed in the cavity for irrigation because the debridements had opened a window into the cavity. Four endoscopic debridements resulted in total splenic necrosectomy (Fig. 3A). The percutaneous drain crossed the pleural space, resulting in an abdominopleural fistula and empyema. Therefore, two 10F, 5-cm, double-pigtail stents were placed transgastrically in the residual cavity to allow internal drainage, removal of the percutaneous catheter, and avoidance of an external fistula. Follow-up CT demonstrated complete absence of the spleen (Fig. 3B). No endoscopic complications occurred. The patient was discharged tolerating tube feeds. CT scan 1 month later demonstrated signs of metastatic gastric cancer. The patient died of progressive metastatic disease 3 months later.
Phase I Trial of Replication-competent Adenovirus-mediated Suicide Gene Therapy Combined with IMRT for Prostate Cancer

Replication-competent adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy is an investigational cancer treatment in which an oncolytic adenovirus armed with chemo-radiosensitizing genes is used to destroy tumor cells. Previously, we evaluated the toxicity and efficacy of this approach in two clinical trials of prostate cancer using a first-generation adenovirus. Here, we report the toxicity and preliminary efficacy of this approach in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer using an improved, second-generation adenovirus. The investigational therapy was associated with low toxicity, and there were no dose-limiting toxicities or treatment-related serious adverse events. Relative to a previous trial using a first-generation adenovirus, there was no increase in hematologic, hepatic, gastrointestinal (GI), or genitourinary (GU) toxicities. Post-treatment prostate biopsies yielded provocative preliminary results. When the results of two similar trials were combined, 22% of evaluable patients were positive for adenocarcinoma at their last biopsy, which is better than expected (≥40%) for this cohort of patients ( P = 0.038). When the results were categorized by prognostic risk, most of the treatment effect was observed in the intermediate-risk group, with 0 of 12 patients (0%) being positive for cancer at their last biopsy ( P
The spirit of place of Bhaktapur, Nepal

There is no clear approach to defining the authenticity of the ‘spirit and feeling’ of a place or how it could inform heritage conservation. I argue that the notion of spirit of place may be defined in a manner that directly links it with the concept of cultural significance of historic places, how it is understood by a community and with heritage conservation goals and development needs of that place. Residents in the World Heritage Town of Bhaktapur, Nepal, were interviewed to explore their shared understanding of its spirit of place. The residents identify the spirit of place of Bhaktapur in terms of four interrelated place dimensions; that is, the ‘sense of sacrality’, the ‘sense of community’, the ‘sense of historicity’ and the ‘sense of serenity’.
Subjacency as a processing phenomenon

Abstract In this study we investigated the hypothesis that standard subjacency effects in so-called “wh-islands” are not necessarily due to an innate syntactic constraint, i.e. a problem of language competence, but rather to limits on the human Sentence processor, i.e. a problem of performance. We did so by gathering global acceptability judgements and by measuring event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in response to both yes/no- and wh-questions containing embedded that-, if- and wh-clauses. The embedding of any one of these clause types within a yes/no-question typically results in a well-formed sentence. The well-formedness of wh-questions, on the other hand, depends in large part on the type of embedded clause into which a syntactic dependency is formed: dependencies into embedded that-clauses are usually considered grammatical, while dependencies into embedded if-clauses are considered marginal and dependencies into wh-clauses (“wh-islands”) ungrammatical. We predicted that these differences in gramm...
Prognostic factors in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective multivariate analysis including prone positioning in management strategy

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients focusing on the use of prone positioning (PP).
The influence of intense exercise-based physical therapy program on back pain anticipated before and induced by physical activities.

Abstract Background context Pain anticipated before and induced by physical activities has been shown to influence the physical performance of patients with chronic back pain. Limited data exist as to the influence of treatment on this component of pain. Purpose This study attempted to determine if pain anticipated before and induced by physical activities was altered during an exercise-oriented physical therapy program for chronic back pain. Study design/setting Subjects were recruited from three physical therapy sites with similar spine rehabilitation programs that used intense exercise delivered in a group format. During the recruitment period, 70 subjects with chronic low back pain and disability agreed to participate and complied with recommended treatments. The primary outcome measures were anticipated and induced pain as assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) during six tests of back flexibility and strength. Additional outcome measures included the performance levels of these six tests (trunk flexion, extension, straight leg raising, back strength, lifting from floor to waist and waist to shoulder height), global back and leg VAS and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire scores. Methods At evaluation for the spine rehabilitation programs, we recorded the anticipated and induced pain levels associated with the six tests of back function, the performance levels on each test and global pain and disability scores. Subjects then participated in the spine rehabilitation program that consisted of intense exercise delivered up to three times per week, for 2 hours over a period of 6 weeks. All outcome measures were reassessed at discharge. Pre- and posttreatment outcome scores were statistically compared using paired sample t tests and chi-squared test. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to compare anticipated and induced pain results with global back and leg pain VAS scores, Oswestry scores and physical performance levels for each physical test. Results Most measures of anticipated and induced pain improved between evaluation and discharge. Improvements were noted for global back pain (p Conclusion Anticipated and induced pain with physical activities was lessened after physical therapy using exercise. Anticipated and induced pain with physical activities related to physical performance levels, global pain and disability ratings. These findings may help explain how exercise exerts a positive influence on chronic back pain and disability.
The archetypal feminine in Emily Brontë's poetry

This chapter shows how a different choice of poems, and a different critical approach, can produce a completely different feminist reading of Emily Bronte's poems. The biographical slant of the article is used to suggest that Bronte rejected the one in her outward social life and embraced the other in the secret limer world of her poetry. Emily Bronte began writing Gondal poems when she was eight, and in the ensuing years, nearly all of her greatest poetry was generated by her private mythology. Dissociation is the ultimate result. This is certainly not to say that Bronte had come to that state, and in any case, she died too soon to say what would have happened to her poetry had she lived on into old age. However, it seems that Bronte by this time had explored the archetypal Feminine with all its dark splendor as fully in her poetry as she could.
Endothelin-1 distribution and basolateral secretion in the retinal pigment epithelium

Endothelins are a family of conserved vasoactive peptides that are widely expressed in different biological systems including the eye. In the cell culture model of retinal pigment epithelium, ARPE-19, the synthesis and secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) is regulated by cholinergics and TNF-alpha. In the present study we investigated the expression of ET-1 in RPE in situ, in rat and human eyes. Additionally, we have employed the human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells to delineate the apical and basolateral ET-1 expression and secretion by confocal microscopy and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Our results suggest a possible conservation of ET-1 expression predominantly in the mammalian RPE underlining its importance at this site. Additionally, our results suggest that constitutive ET-1 secretion is predominantly towards the basolateral side in cultured RPE possibly allowing ET-1 to activate its receptors located in the choroidal blood vessels and regulate retinal and choroidal blood flow.
Cortical deficiency of laminin γ1 impairs the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway and leads to defects in neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration

Laminins have dramatic and varied actions on neurons in vitro. However, their in vivo function in brain development is not clear. Here we show that knockout of laminin γ1 in the cerebral cortex leads to defects in neuritogenesis and neuronal migration. In the mutant mice, cortical layer structures were disrupted, and axonal pathfinding was impaired. During development, loss of laminin expression impaired phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin, indicating defects in integrin signaling pathways. Moreover, both phosphorylation and protein levels of GSK-3β were significantly decreased, but only phosphorylation of AKT was affected in the mutant cortex. Knockout of laminin γ1 expression in vitro, dramatically inhibited neurite growth. These results indicate that laminin regulates neurite growth and neuronal migration via integrin signaling through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway, and thus reveal a novel mechanism of laminin function in brain development.
Comparison of enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescence with U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual method for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ☆

Escherichia coli O157:H7, a major foodborne pathogen, has been associated with numerous cases of foodborne illnesses. Rapid methods have been developed for the screening of this pathogen in foods in order to circumvent timely plate culture techniques. Unfortunately, many rapid methods are presumptive and do not claim to confirm the presence of E. coli O157:H7. The previously developed method, enzyme-linked immunomagnetic chemiluminescence (ELIMCL), has been improved upon to allow for fewer incidences of false positives when used to detect E. coli O157:H7 in the presence of mixed cultures. The key feature of this assay is that it combines the highly selective synergism of both anti-O157 and anti-H7 antibodies in the sandwich immunoassay format. This work presents application of a newly semi-automated version of ELIMCL to the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in pristine buffered saline yielding detection limits of approximately 1×10 5 to 1×10 6 of live cells/mL. ELIMCL was further demonstrated to detect E. coli O157:H7 inoculated into artificially contaminated ground beef at ca. 400 CFU/g after a 5 h enrichment and about 1.5 h assay time for a total detection time of about 6.5 h. Finally, ELIMCL was compared with USFDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual method for E. coli O157:H7 in a double-blind study. Using McNemar's treatment, the two methods were determined to be statistically similar for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef inoculated with mixed cultures of select bacteria.
Validation of U.S. Road Assessment Program Star Rating Protocol: Application to Safety Management of U.S. Roads

The U.S. Road Assessment Program, in cooperation with road assessment programs in other countries, has developed a protocol to assign ratings to roads on the basis of the presence or absence of key design features related to safety. This protocol rates roads by assigning them one to five stars according to approximately 20 key roadway safety features. A recently developed web-based software tool uses the roadway inventory data on which the star ratings are based to identify cost-effective safety improvement programs for the road networks covered by the ratings. The research results are presented to validate the relationship between the star ratings and crash rates for selected roadways. The research developed star ratings for approximately 3,000 mi of rural and urban roadways of various types in Iowa and Washington State and compared the star ratings with crash rates for the same roads. Relationships between star ratings and crash rates were found for two-lane undivided highways, four-lane undivided highways, and four-lane divided nonfreeways. No clear relationships could be demonstrated for freeways because the design characteristics of freeways are very uniform.
MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF GROWTH FAILURE IN UREMIA ▴ 2172

The pathogenesis of growth failure in uremia is not clear. Male Sprague Dawley rats (100 g) underwent 5/6 nephrectomy. Uremic (U) rats gained less weight and length (p < 0.01) compared with sham-operated pair-fed control(C) rats over a 2 week period. Tibial epiphyseal chondrocytes were grown in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) and then studied for 72 hr in serum free media(SFM) with various growth factors. In 10% FCS, U cells grew less well (p < 0.01) than C cells. Growth responses of U cells were reduced (p < 0.001) to insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-I at concentrations of 10, 30 and 100 ng/ml in SFM compared with C cells. However, growth of U cells was normal in response to fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta-1. Growth responses of U cells were reduced (p < 0.001) to des-IGF-I and long R3, IGF-I analogues with reduced affinity for IGF binding proteins (IGFBP). Western ligand blot of conditioned media from U cells showed decreased IGFBPs. Affinity cross-linking studies showed that IGF-I binding to the IGF-I receptor was normal in U cells. Also, IGF type I receptor mRNA (RNase protection assay) and protein (immunoblot) was normal in U cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 was reduced in U cells. Thus growth failure in uremia is associated with specific end-organ IGF-I resistance of epiphyseal chondrocytes. This resistance is not due to increased local IGFBPs, nor to abnormal expression or binding affinity of the IGF type I receptor; but rather to abnormal signal transduction of the activated IGF type I receptor.
Measurement of mental health program outcomes

There is still considerable inertia, even resistance, regarding outcome evaluation among clinicians. Outcome measures must be credible and simple to gain clinician support.
Cellular and molecular aspects of Lyme arthritis

Lyme disease is a multisystem illness initiated upon infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Whereas the majority of patients who develop Lyme arthritis may be successfully treated with antibiotic therapy, about 10% go on to develop arthritis which persists for months to years, despite antibiotic therapy. Development of what we have termed treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis has previously been associated with both the presence of particular major histocompatibility complex class II alleles and immunoreactivity to the spriochetal outer surface protein A (OspA). Recently, we showed that patients with treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis, but not patients with other forms of arthritis, generate synovial fluid T cell responses to an immunodominant epitope of OspA and a highly homologous region of the human-lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-1αL chain. Identification of a bacterial antigen capable of propagating an autoimmune response against a self-antigen provides a model of molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of Low-Silica Type X Zeolites

Hydrogen adsorption properties of low-silica type X zeolites (LSX, Si/Al = 1) containing alkali or alkali-earth metal cations (Li+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) have been studied. It was found that the hydrogen adsorption capacities of LSX zeolites at 77 K were determined mainly by the porosity of the zeolite, while at 298 K, the storage capacities depended on both the H2−cation interactions and the porosity. Among the three exchanged zeolites, Li-LSX had the highest H2 capacity of 1.5 wt % at 77 K and 1 atm, and Ca-LSX had the highest capacity of 0.50 wt % at 298 K and 10 MPa. The hydrogen storage in LSX zeolites via spillover was also investigated. Three methods including bridge building with a catalyst, metal doping via incipient wetness impregnation and metal doping via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were employed to induce hydrogen spillover, and enhance the storage capacities. Thus, the storage capacities were increased to 0.96−1.2 wt % on the Pt-doped zeolites at 298 K and 10 MPa. The differences between the t...
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF VOMITING PRODUCED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN

The emetic action of staphylococcus enterotoxin was tested on young and adult cats under various experimental conditions with the following results: 1. No direct action on isolated intestinal strips was observed. 2. Emesis resulted following intravenous, intracardial, and intraperitoneal injections, but failed to appear subsequent to oral, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration. 3. Emesis occurred following (a) celiac ganglionectomy, (b) gastrectomy, (c) spinal cord transection at T2 or caudad, and (d) unilateral vagotomy. 4. Mild retching movements and rarely emesis resulted subsequent to enterotoxin injection following (a) double vagotomy, (b) abdominal evisceration, and (c) spinal cord transection at C7. 5. Emesis never occurred following (a) destruction of the vomiting center, (b) injection of enterotoxin into the fourth ventricle over the vomiting center, and (c) transection of the central nervous system between the anterior border of the pons and the posterior border of the hypothalamus. 6. Morphine inhibited, ergotoxine inhibited or delayed, while atropine and pentobarbital had little or no effect on emesis due to enterotoxin injection. These experiments indicate that the action of staphylococcus enterotoxin on peripheral sensory structures is of greater importance in the initiation of emesis than direct action of the enterotoxin on the vomiting center. The principal pathways of the afferent and efferent impulses are described.
Measurement of Dispersive Vibrational Circular Dichroism: Signal Optimization and Artifact Reduction

Artifacts, or spurious signals, are common problems in the measurement of optical activity. Until recently they have limited the applicability of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) in cases of weak ellipticity—for example, in structural studies of small peptides. The artifacts in dispersive VCD to be discussed here can be from the optical and electronic hardware as well as from the data processing methods in the software. The data acquisition and processing methods reported here reduce system artifacts in VCD measurements, particularly for samples with weak ellipticity.
Cell line and site specific comparative analysis of the N-linked oligosaccharides on human ICAM-1des454-532 by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Sialylated oligosaccharide structures were determined by the technique of electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy at seven of eight N-linked glycosylation sites of recombinant human ICAM-1des454−...
The Antimicrobial Activity of Human Colostral Antibody in the Newborn

Bacterial counts in the stools of breast-fed infants were found to differ quantitatively and qualitatively from those of bottle-fed newborns. During the first four days of life, the coliform flora of the breast-fed infants was depressed, while the lactobacilli were more abundant. The levels of IgG, IgM, and IgA immunoglobulins were highest in the mothers' colostrum immediately after delivery, and they rapidly declined during the first four days. The colostrum contained substantial amounts of antibodies to Escherichia coli. Agglutinating and bactericidal activity against strains of E. coli was also detected in saline extracts of stools of breast-fed infants. Existence of a direct correlation between the concentrations of immunoglobulins and reduction of coliform bacteria in the stools of breast-fed newborns was observed.
Postradiation sarcoma: morphological findings on fine-needle aspiration with clinical correlation.

BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to describe the clinical features and presentation, cytomorphological characteristics with histological correlation, and prognosis of patients who undergo fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for postradiation sarcoma (PRS). METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 13 individual patients who were pooled from the FNA services of 3 academic institutions between 2001 and 2012. Cases were reviewed for the primary tumor, radiation history, latency period, and other distinguishing clinical features. The frequency of the various cytological preparations as well as the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on this material were reviewed. The cytopathology diagnosis was compared with the resection diagnosis, and the survival time was reviewed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 61 years (range, 35 years-94 years) and no significant gender predilection was noted. The median latency period was 11 years (range, 5 years to > 50 years). Patients generally presented with large tumors (median, 8 cm [range, 3 cm-12 cm]), and the median survival was 14 months (range, 6 months-46 months). Nine of 13 patients died of their disease and 1 was lost to follow-up. The tumors were morphologically heterogeneous. IHC played an important role in excluding other diagnoses in those cases in which sufficient material was available. CONCLUSIONS: PRS is a morphologically heterogeneous entity that can be diagnosed by FNA. It is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires a history of therapeutic radiation and often requires IHC to rule out locally recurrent malignancy. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Atomic force microscopic study of aggregation of RecA-DNA nucleoprotein filaments into left-handed supercoiled bundles

RecA and its complexes with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) are responsible for homologous recombination and DNA repair. In this study, we have observed, by atomic force microscopy (AFM), two-filament left-handed superhelices of RecA-dsDNA filaments that further interwind into four- or six-filament bundles, in addition to previously reported left-handed bundles of three or six filaments. Also revealed are four-filament bundles formed by further interwinding of two intrafilament superhelices of individual filaments. Pitches of superhelices of RecA-DNA filaments are similar to each other regardless the number of component filaments, and those formed on Phix174 RFII dsDNA and pNEB206A dsDNA are measured as 339.3 +/- 6.2 nm (690 counts of pitch/2) and 321.6 +/- 11.7 nm (101 counts of pitch/2), respectively, consistent with earlier measurements made by electron microscopy with a much smaller sample size. The study of these structures provides insight into the self-interactions of RecA and RecA-like proteins, which are present in all living cells, and into the general phenomenon of bundling, which is relevant to both biological and nonbiological filaments.
Fatty acid modulation of tumor cell adhesion to microvessel endothelium and experimental metastasis

Abstract Tumor cell interaction with the endothelium of the vessel wall is a rate limiting step in metastasis. The fatty acid modulation of this interaction was investigated in low (LM) and high (HM) metastatic B16 amelanotic melanoma (B16a) cells. 12(S)-HETE increased the adhesion of LM cells to endothelium derived from pulmonary microvessels. All other monohydroxy and dihydroxy fatty acids were ineffective. LTB 4 induced a modest stimulation but LTC 4 , LTD 4 , LTE 4 as well as LXA 4 and LXB 4 were ineffective. The 12(S)-HETE enhanced adhesion of B16a cells was inhibited by pretreatment with 13(S)-HODE but not by 13(R)-, 9(S)-HODE or 13-OXO-ODE. 13(S)-HODE decreased adhesion of HM B16a cells to endothelium. 12(S)-HETE enhanced surface expression of integrin αIIbβ 3 and monoclonal antibodies against this integrin but not against α 5 β 1 , blocked enhanced but not basal adhesion to endothelium. Intravenous injection of 12(S)-HETE treated LM cells resulted in increased lung colonization (experimental metastasis). This effect was specific for 12(S)-HETE and was inhibited by 13(S)-HODE but not by other HODE's. 12(S)-HETE also enhanced lung colonization by HM cells and 13(S)-HODE decreased lung colonization by HM cells. Our results suggest a highly specific bidirectional modulation of metastatic phenotype and lung colonization by 12(S)-HETE and 13(S)-HODE.
Current concepts of chronic benzene toxicity.

AbstractThe maladies that have beset mankind throughout history may in general be classified as parasitic (infections, infestations, etc.), nutritional/endocrine disease (hyper- or hypofunctional endocrine organs, etc.), or traumatic injury (accidents, war, etc.). With the development of an industrial society, new forms of disease arose in which people succumbed to illness induced by exposure to toxic materials in the course of their labor. Occupational diseases have been with us for many centuries,1, 2 but the incidence of industrial toxicity increased markedly with the advent of the industrial revolution. Although efforts to protect workers against job-related illness have been vigorous in recent years, economic necessity compels the continued use of hazardous chemicals, and benzene is an excellent case in point. It has been estimated by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health that about 2, 000, 000 persons in the national work force have potential exposure to benzene.
Technical, Scale, and Allocative Efficiencies in U.S. Banking: An Empirical Investigation

A nonparametric frontier approach is used to calculate the overall, technical, pure technical, allocative, and scale efficiencies for a sample of 322 independent banks. The sample was drawn from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation tapes on the Reports of Condition and Reports of Income (Call Reports) for the year 1986. The results indicated a low level of overall efficiency. The main source of inefficiency was technical in nature, rather than allocative. Separate efficiency frontiers were constructed to test the effect of branching. However, the distributions of efficiency measures for branching and non-branching banks were not found to be different.
Efficient parallelization of a parabolized flow solver

Abstract This article describes application of our theory of parallelization of implicit ADI schemes to parabolized flows. A parallel multi-domain version of a turbulent developing flow in a straight duct (case A) and viscous flow in a curved duct (case B) are presented. Semi-implicit and explicit methods for the determination of boundary values for the auxiliary ADI functions on the interfaces between the sub-domains are utilized. Numerical runs show that the proposed algorithm is valid in the regions with rapidly varying fields of governing variables (near-entrance region for the case A, region 30° θ a priori estimation of parallelization efficiency of an algorithm and correct choice of a parallel computer.
Abused women disclose partner interference with health care: an unrecognized form of battering.

BACKGROUND Some providers observe that partners interfere with health care visits or treatment. There are no systematic investigations of the prevalence of or circumstances surrounding partner interference with health care and intimate partner violence (IPV).
Far off and exceeding deep

Deep Time: The Journey of a Single Subatomic Particle from the Moment of Creation to the Death of the Universe and Beyond. By David Darling. Bantam, London/Delacorte, New York: 1989. Pp. 192. £12.95, $17.95. From Quarks to the Cosmos: Tools of Discovery. By Leon M. Lederman and David N. Schramm. W.H. Freeman: 1989. Pp.242. £16.95, $32.95.
Reputation as a moderator of political behavior-work outcomes relationships : A two-study investigation with convergent results

Personal reputation has been acknowledged to have an important influence on work outcomes. However, substantive research has been relatively scarce to date. The 2-study research plan reported here supports reputation's role as a moderator of the relationships between political behavior and the work outcomes of uncertainty, emotional exhaustion, and job performance ratings (i.e., self- and supervisor report). The 1st investigation contained both a pilot study, which was undertaken to demonstrate the consistency of self- and others' perceptions of reputation, and a test of the substantive relationships. The 2nd study served as a constructive replication of the hypothesized relationships. Supporting prior research, Study 1 demonstrated that self-reports of personal reputation were significantly related to peer report. In each study, political behavior was associated with decreased uncertainty and emotional exhaustion and increased job performance ratings for individuals with a favorable reputation. Conversely, political behavior predicted increased uncertainty and emotional exhaustion and decreased job performance ratings for individuals with an unfavorable reputation. Implications of these results, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Detection of novel NF2 mutations by an RNA mismatch cleavage method

Abstract Mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene (NF2) cause benign nervous system tumors. Common methods for detecting NF2 mutations (such as single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) are laborious and time-consuming. We adapted and improved a commercial assay, the Non-Isotopic RNase Cleavage Assay (NIRCAtrade mark, Ambion, Austin, TX) for rapid, non-isotopic, high-sensitivity screening for NF2 mutations in tumors. We improved the assay by: 1) extending the typical NIRCAtrade mark template size of < 500 bp to 1.3 kb without decreasing detection efficiency; 2) modifying the transcription step of the original protocol so that transcription of PCR products was increased by up to 50%; 3) optimizing the combination of cleavage enzymes and reaction time. With these modifications, mutations were found in 15 of 20 patients (75%) using NIRCAtrade mark. Seven of the point mutations detected (two nonsense, two missense, and three splice-site) are novel. All mutations were confirmed by direct sequencing and no mutations were found using direct sequencing in patients that were negative by NIRCAtrade mark. The 75% NF2 mutation detection rate using this design is similar to detection rates in tumors using other mutation detection methods.
CLATHRIN GENE EXPRESSION IS ANDROGEN REGULATED IN THE PROSTATE

Androgens are required for the development and function of the prostate. In a normal human prostate, androgens control the synthesis of proteins such as prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein. The prostate secretes these proteins as well as a number of other compounds to form the prostatic fluid. Using differential display PCR to detect novel androgen-regulated genes, clathrin heavy chain expression was identified as potentially being up-regulated by androgens in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. We report here that the clathrin heavy chain and light chain genes are regulated by androgens. Clathrin heavy chain messenger RNA was up-regulated by androgens in a concentration- and time-specific manner in the LNCaP cell line. Translation of clathrin heavy chain messenger RNA was stimulated by androgens. Steady state levels of clathrin light chains a and b were up-regulated in the presence of androgen in LNCaP cells. Clathrin gene expression was examined in normal rat prostates, and similar...
The Effect of Caffeine on Intraocuular Pressure in Glaucoma Patents

Abstract The authors investigated the effect of drinking regular coffee on intraocular pressure (IOP) using a single-masked randomized crossover study comparing coffee and herbal tea in 13 glaucoma patients. Intraocular pressure and blood pressure were monitored before ingestion of coffee or tea and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after ingestion. The mean (± standard error of measurement) change in IOP 30, 60, and 90 minutes after ingestion for the coffee drinkers was 0.96 ± 0.4, 1.38 ± 0.53, and 1.04 ± 0.37 mmHg, respectively. The mean change in IOP for the tea drinkers 30, 60, and 90 minutes after ingestion was 0.85 ± 0.41, 0.23 ± 0.36, and −0.42 ± 0.44 mmHg, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the change in IOP at 90 minutes when comparing coffee to tea ( P = 0.003) and no significant difference for 30 and 60 minutes. Although there was a statistically significant difference in IOP at 90 minutes between coffee and tea drinkers, the change was not clinically significant.
Do overlapping vessels protect against canine right ventricular infarction after right coronary artery occlusion

The severity of ischaemia in the left ventricle from total coronary occlusion is modified by retrograde blood flow through collateral or overlapping vessels, but whether that is true for the right ventricle is not known. The consequences and extent of ischaemic damage from occlusion of the right coronary artery were studied in anaesthetised dogs. In group 1 (n = 9), the right coronary artery alone was occluded; in group 2 (n = 8), the right coronary artery and overlapping vessels from the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries were occluded. Occlusion for 2 h caused right ventricular end diastolic pressure to increase by 2.8(SEM 0.4) mm Hg in group 1 (p less than 0.05) and by 1.9(0.5) mm Hg in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Fractional shortening in the ischaemic zone became akinetic in group 1: 12.0(1.4)% v 0.1(1.6)%; p less than 0.05; and dyskinetic in group 2: 12.1(2.1)% v -1.2(0.9)%; p less than 0.05. In both groups, fractional shortening remained depressed during the ensuing 2 h of reperfusion. The incidence of right ventricular free wall necrosis was 56% in group 1 but 100% in group 2 (p = 0.082). The area of necrosis, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was 13.9(6.6)% in group 1 in contrast to 66.9(4.5)% in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Both groups had equal involvement of the subendocardial and subepicardial layers. We conclude that ligating epicardial overlapping vessels in addition to the right coronary artery produces a larger area of right ventricular free wall necrosis.
EFFECT OF THIOUREA CONCENTRATION ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF GOLD AND COPPER ELECTRODES IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF Cu(II) IONS

ABSTRACT The effect of thiourea (TU) concentration on copper electrodeposition was studied employing cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical crystal quartz microbalance techniques. It was found that the polarization effects are related to the type of species generated in the electrode interface. Due to formation of formamidine disulfide (FDS) at concentrations greater than 10 -4 mol dm -3 , the electrode surface is blocked, and copper electrodeposition shifts towards more negative potential values (polarizing effect). Lower concentrations favors the formation of Cu(I) -TU contributing to the de-polarization of copper electrodeposition reaction. Keywords: thiourea; electrodeposition; copper; crystal quartz microbalance; formamidine disulfide.e-mail address: hlizama@ucv.cl INTRODUCTION Combination of glue, thiourea, and chloride are used as inhibitors in nearly all copper electrorefining tankhouses 1-6 . Although numerous investigations having been conducted, the mechanism of action of these inhibitors system has not been fully clarified. It is generally accepted that the additives produce an additional local overpotential at the more active cathode sites, favoring the formation of a low roughness homogenous surface
Long-term diabetic response to gastric bypass.

Abstract Background As obesity and type II diabetes continue to rise, bariatric surgery offers a solution, but few long-term studies are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of diabetic patients after gastric bypass. Materials and methods This was a retrospective cohort study of all diabetic patients undergoing gastric bypass at our institution, from 1998 to 2012. Patients were compared by postoperative diabetic response to treatment (i.e., response = off oral medication/insulin versus refractory = on oral medication/insulin) and followed at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-y intervals. Continuous data were analyzed using Student t -test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Multivariable, Cox proportional hazard regression model was performed to compute diabetic cure ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 2454 bariatric surgeries were performed at our institution during the time period. A total of 707 diabetic patients were selected by Current Procedural Terminology codes for gastric bypass. Mean follow-up was 2.1 y. Incidence of diabetic response was 56% (1 y), 58% (3 y), 60% (5 y), and 44% (10 y). Postoperatively, responsive patients experienced greater percentage of total body weight loss (1 y [ P P = 0.0087], and 5 y [ P = 0.013]), and less hemoglobin A1c levels (1 y [ P = 0.035] and 3 y [ P = 0.040]) at follow-up than refractory patients. Multivariable analysis revealed a significant, independent inverse trend in incidence of diabetic cure as both age and body mass index decreased ( P trend = 0.0019 and Conclusions At follow-up, both groups in our study experienced substantial weight loss; however, a greater loss was observed among the response group. Further research is needed to evaluate methods for optimizing patient care preoperatively and improving patient follow-up.
Can Prenatal Caffeine Exposure Affect Behavioral Inhibition

Given the widespread use of caffeine and its potential nonoptimal effects during pregnancy, it is remarkable and distressing that almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of prenatal caf...
An apparatus for the determination of kinetic parameters associated with immobilized enzymes.

Abstract The advantages associated with the described immobilized enzyme reactor include: (1) Use of the common rate equations and kinetic parameters. (2) Detection of significant lag periods. (3) Quantitative measure for non-covalently attached enzyme. (4) The means for washing the immobilized enzyme allows for the repeated use of the same matrix-bound enzyme. (5) Constant temperature control. (6) Both unbound native and matrix-bound enzyme may be reacted under identical conditions. (7) No grinding of the glass-bound enzyme or other matrix fragmentation occurs because no abrasive forces are required for stirring.
Some Back-Ended Legal and Political Issues of United States Fisheries Management

In response to over-exploitation and ecosystem degradation, United States federal fisheries policy is shifting from species-based to ecosystem-based management. In addition, the reauthorized Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006 identifies the following goals to be achieved by 2011: end over-fishing, create market-based incentives, strengthen enforcement mechanisms, and improve cooperative conservation efforts. We refer to these goals (including the “status quo”) as front-ended policy objectives. Left unresolved are what we term back-ended policy and legal issues, specifically including issues involving the legal limitations that inhibit full consideration of ecosystem-based management principles through the adopting of scientific information. In this paper, we identify and examine some of these legal limitations, including the standard of review used in judicial proceedings. In addition, we also suggest some potential solutions to these major governance obstacles. We believe the ultimate value of this paper is the identification of recurring framework issues in United States fisheries management if, left unresolved, will continually limit the conservation-related goals such as those identified in the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006. As such, these legal obstacles should be a primary focus of policy makers who wish to achieve fishery conservation goals in-line with scientific research.
Inflammation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A continuing story

Increasing evidence indicates that bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) results, at least in part, from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, with a persistent imbalance that favours pro-inflammatory mechanisms. The inflammatory response is characterised by an accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the airways and pulmonary tissue of preterm infants and, moreover, by an arsenal of pro-inflammatory mediators which affect the alveolar capillary unit and tissue integrity. As well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and toxic oxygen radicals, various lipid mediators as well as potent proteases may be responsible for acute lung injury. During the last decade it has become evident that multiple pre- and postnatal events contribute to the development of BPD in preterm infants. Chorioamnionitis and cytokine exposure in utero, plus sequential lung injury caused by postnatal resuscitation, oxygen toxicity, volu-, barotrauma and infection all lead to a pulmonary inflammatory response which is most probably associated with aberrant wound healing and an inhibition of alveolarisation as well as vascular development in the immature lungs of very preterm infants, causing the 'new BPD'.
Influence of exogenous melatonin on seasonality of reproduction in sheep

Abstract Two experiments were performed to examine the effects of exogenous melatonin on seasonality of reproduction in ewes. To simulate the secretory pattern observed on the shortest day of the year, 2.5 mg melatonin were administered i.m. at 1600 hr each day. This dosage has been shown to keep serum concentrations of melatonin elevated until the onset of darkness on the longest day of the year (i.e. ∼ 6 hr). In experiment 1, ewes were administered melatonin (n=10) or vehicle (n=10) from June 20 until the onset of the breeding season. Jugular blood samples were collected three times weekly and the serum was stored for analysis of progesterone by radioimmunoassay. The interval from the first day of treatment until serum concentrations of progesterone remained above 1 ng/ml in two consecutive samples (indicative of the formation of a corpus luteum) was 39.3 ± 4.1 days in the melatonin-treated ewes and 61.4 ± 4.6 days in the ewes receiving vehicle (P
Highly Frequent Frameshift DNA Synthesis by Human DNA Polymerase μ

DNA polymerase μ (Polμ) is a newly identified member of the polymerase X family. The biological function of Polμ is not known, although it has been speculated that human Polμ may be a somatic hypermutation polymerase. To help understand the in vivo function of human Polμ, we have performed in vitro biochemical analyses of the purified polymerase. Unlike any other DNA polymerases studied thus far, human Polμ catalyzed frameshift DNA synthesis with an unprecedentedly high frequency. In the sequence contexts examined, −1 deletion occurred as the predominant DNA synthesis mechanism opposite the single-nucleotide repeat sequences AA, GG, TT, and CC in the template. Thus, the fidelity of DNA synthesis by human Polμ was largely dictated by the sequence context. Human Polμ was able to efficiently extend mismatched bases mainly by a frameshift synthesis mechanism. With the primer ends, containing up to four mismatches, examined, human Polμ effectively realigned the primer to achieve annealing with a microhomology region in the template several nucleotides downstream. As a result, human Polμ promoted microhomology search and microhomology pairing between the primer and the template strands of DNA. These results show that human Polμ is much more prone to cause frameshift mutations than base substitutions. The biochemical properties of human Polμ suggest a function in nonhomologous end joining and V(D)J recombination through its microhomology searching and pairing activities but do not support a function in somatic hypermutation.
Serotype 19A Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia After 4 Doses of 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccine A Review of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Effectiveness

We report a case of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia due to serotype 19A in a child who had received four doses of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and review the literature on effectiveness of this vaccine. Pediatricians should be alert to the fact that up-to-date immunization status with pneumococcal vaccine does not preclude illness from invasive disease caused by a vaccine serotype.
Comparative Human Cell Toxicogenomic Analysis of Monohaloacetic Acid Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts

The monohaloacetic acids (monoHAAs), iodoacetic, bromoacetic and chloroacetic acids are toxic disinfection byproducts. In vitro toxicological end points were integrated with DNA damage and repair pathway-focused toxicogenomic analyses to evaluate monoHAA-induced alterations of gene expression in normal nontransformed human cells. When compared to concurrent control transcriptome profiles, metabolic pathways involved in the cellular responses to toxic agents were identified and provided insight into the biological mechanisms of toxicity. Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to analyze the gene array data, the majority of the altered transcriptome profiles were associated with genes responding to DNA damage or those regulating cell cycle or apoptosis. The major pathways involved with altered gene expression were ATM, MAPK, p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, and ATR. These latter pathways highlight the involvement of DNA repair, especially the repair of double strand DNA breaks. All of the resolved pathways are involved in human cell stress response to DNA damage and regulate different stages in cell cycle progression or apoptosis.