cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Band Edge High-/spl kappa/ /Metal Gate n-MOSFETs Using Ultra Thin Capping Layers

Ultra thin layers of magnesium containing cap layers are deposited on Hf based dielectrics prior to deposition of the TiN/Poly-Si electrode stack [1] to achieve band-edge (BE) high-kappa/metal nMOSFETs with good mobility (190 cm2/Vs @ 1 MV/cm) at Tinv (1.45 nm), in a gate first process flow. It is shown that Vt can be modulated anywhere between midgap and band edge by changing the cap layer thickness. Short channel devices with band edge characteristics are demonstrated down to 40 nm.
Annotating Historical Archives of Images

Recent programs like the Million Book Project and Google Print Library Project have archived several million books in digital format, and within a few years a significant fraction of world's books will be online. While the majority of the data will naturally be text, there will also be tens of millions of pages of images. Many of these images will defy automation annotation for the foreseeable future, but a considerable fraction of the images may be amiable to automatic annotation by algorithms that can link the historical image with a modern contemporary, with its attendant metatags. To perform this linking, there must be a suitable distance measure that appropriately combines the relevant features of shape, color, texture and text. However, the best combination of these features will vary from application to application and even from one manuscript to another. In this work, the authors propose a simple technique to learn the distance measure by perturbing the training set in a principled way.
Suppression of Release of Radioactive Iodine as a Test of Thyroid Function

ABSTRACT Sixteen euthyroid and 19 thyrotoxic subjects were given a tracer dose of radioactive iodine and the 24-hour thyroidal I131 uptake was determined. Immediately after the 24-hour uptake was measured, the subjects were given 25 μg of triiodothyronine every 8 hours and 30 mg of methimazole every 6 hours. Thyroidal radioactivity was determined periodically thereafter. Seven days after administration of the tracer, 92 (±1.8) per cent of the labeled iodine remained in the thyroids of the euthroid subjects whereas only 49.1 (±3.8) per cent was retained by the thyrotoxic patients. The difference between the two groups was sufficiently great to be of diagnostic value. Suppression, by thyroid hormone, of the release rather than the uptake of I131 offers several practical advantages as a diagnostic test.
PF-HMap: A Target Track Maintenance Approach for Mobile Sensor Platforms with Intermittent and Regional Measurements

A new approach, the particle-filter-and-hospitability-map algorithm (PF-HMap), is proposed to deal with the general target track maintenance problem for mobile sensor platforms with intermittent and regional measurements. The posterior probability density function (PDF) of the target state is maintained on-line through a particle filter. The hospitability map (HMap), which describes the terrain-dependent motion capability of ground targets, is encoded into the prediction stage of the particle filter. The PF-HMap approach can be considered as a generic way to incorporate non-linear, non-Gaussian target/sensor model and non-analytic environmental information into the tracking scheme. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the capability of the PF-HMap algorithm in maintaining track information of maneuvering targets in various application scenarios such as target search and target following.
Barefoot Running: The Effects of an 8-Week Barefoot Training Program.

Background:It has been proposed that running barefoot can lead to improved strength and proprioception. However, the duration that a runner must train barefoot to observe these changes is unknown.Hypothesis:Runners participating in a barefoot running program will have improved proprioception, increased lower extremity strength, and an increase in the volume or size of the intrinsic musculature of the feet.Study Design:Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:In this 8-week study, 29 runners with a mean age of 36.34 years were randomized into either a control group (n = 10) who completed training in their regular running shoes or to an experimental barefoot group (n = 14). Pretraining tests consisted of a volumetric measurement of the foot followed by a strength and dynamic balance assessment. Five subjects completed the pretests but did not complete the study for reasons not related to study outcomes. Participants then completed 8 weeks of training runs. They repeated the strength and dyn...
Documenting the Image in Mithila Art

This article traces the documentation of ritual wall paintings by Maithil Brahmans and Kayasthas through the collecting practices of private individuals, libraries, and museums, the commercial practices of producing and marketing cultural products, and the interpreting practices of scholars and critics. These practices have come to focus on the output of a handful of celebrity artists in a few villages around Madhubani, gifted artists but not representative of the wide distribution of wall painting at all levels of the two castes. This paper turns to the oldest extant documentation–the 1940 photographs of William Archer and the previously undocumented 1919 paintings for the marriage of the daughter of Maharaja Rameshwar Singh–to demonstrate the importance and quality of wall paintings among all strata of Brahmans.
The use of human skin fibroblasts to obtain potency estimates of drug binding to androgen receptors.

Abstract Although several drugs with antiandrogenic properties have been used to treat such conditions as prostatic carcinoma, precocious puberty, acne, and hirsutism, their relative strengths in human tissues are not known. Most of the compounds that are effective clinically in opposing androgen action interact with the androgen receptor in various assay systems. To determine in human cells the relative potencies of these agents as well as others with androgenic properties, we measured the abilities of various compounds to compete with [3H]dihydrotestosterone ([3H]DHT) for androgen-binding sites in dispersed human genital skin fibroblasts at 22 C. The concentrations of unlabeled DHT, methyltrienolone (a synthetic nonmetabolizeable androgen), and testosterone required for 50% inhibition of [3H]DHT binding were similar, approximately 1 nM [0.87 ± 0.12 (±SE), 1.18 ± 0.18, and 1.01 ± 0.20 nM, respectively]. The relative binding activities, defined by the ratio of the concentration of methyltrienolone to the ...
GLASS‐FRACTURE VELOCITY*

Using an electric spark lasting less than one-millionth second as a light source, cracks in glass have been successfully photographed during their propagation. A steel ball driven against the glass with a spring initiated fracture and simultaneously actuated an adjustable electrical time-delay circuit, which in turn set off the spark at the required instant. By the use of two sparks, the velocity of propagation of cracks in glass was found to be constant and almost exactly 5040 feet per second—the same velocity found by Schardin and Struth. In general, the tips of the cracks form a nearly perfect circle at any particular instant, though some individual photographs show nonsymmetry.
Toward a transhuman model of medieval disability

To elaborate an understanding of medieval humanity rooted in the body, we must consider a broad class of ‘bodies’ beyond the physical. Applying the methodologies of disability studies to textual corpora offers new ways to reflect on the boundaries of the human in medieval literature. The dits, generically mixed texts, may thus be read as a corpus generated from a posthuman blending of textual elements; the prevalence of disabled narrators in the dits compounds their play with the margins of humanity. This essay proposes a ‘transhuman’ model of medieval disability, an elastic and non-binary paradigm of corporeal difference. According to this transhuman model, disability in medieval texts can represent an enhancement, a constructive alteration of the human state. A brief reading of lyric ‘insertions’ in Guillaume de Machaut's Livre du Voir Dit suggests the concept of textual prosthesis as a productive point of contact between Disability Studies and the posthuman.
Identification of Functionally Distinct Na-HCO3 Co-Transporters in Colon

Na-HCO3 cotransport (NBC) regulates intracellular pH (pHi) and HCO3 secretion in rat colon. NBC has been characterized as a 5,5′-diisothiocyanato-2-2′-stilbene (DIDS)-sensitive transporter in several tissues, while the colonic NBC is sensitive to both amiloride and DIDS. In addition, the colonic NBC has been identified as critical for pHi regulation as it is activated by intravesicular acid pH. Molecular studies have identified several characteristically distinct NBC isoforms [i.e. electrogenic (NBCe) and electroneutral (NBCn)] that exhibit tissue specific expression. This study was initiated to establish the molecular identity and specific function of NBC isoforms in rat colon. Northern blot and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analyses revealed that electrogenic NBCe1B or NBCe1C (NBCe1B/C) isoform is predominantly expressed in proximal colon, while electroneutral NBCn1C or NBCn1D (NBCn1C/D) is expressed in both proximal and distal colon. Functional analyses revealed that amiloride-insensitive, electrogenic, pH gradient-dependent NBC activity is present only in basolateral membranes of proximal colon. In contrast, amiloride-sensitive, electroneutral, [H+]-dependent NBC activity is present in both proximal and distal colon. Both electrogenic and electroneutral NBC activities are saturable processes with an apparent Km for Na of 7.3 and 4.3 mM, respectively; and are DIDS-sensitive with apparent Ki of 8.9 and 263.8 µM, respectively. In addition to Na-H exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1), pHi acidification is regulated by a HCO3-dependent mechanism that is HOE694-insensitive in colonic crypt glands. We conclude from these data that electroneutral, amiloride-sensitive NBC is encoded by NBCn1C/D and is present in both proximal and distal colon, while NBCe1B/C encodes electrogenic, amiloride-insensitive Na-HCO3 cotransport in proximal colon. We also conclude that NBCn1C/D regulates HCO3-dependent HOE694-insensitive Na-HCO3 cotransport and plays a critical role in pHi regulation in colonic epithelial cells.
Discarded Blood Bank Blood as a Source of Protein for Cultivation of HeLa Cells

MOST mammalian cell cultures require serum protein for continued survival and growth. Serum protein is probably the most expensive component of tissue and cell culture media, especially if human cells are cultivated in homologous serum. We have studied the possibility of employing outdated blood bank blood as a possible source of the protein necessary for the growth of HeLa cells. Such discarded blood is available in fairly large quantities and if it could be successfully employed for cell cultures an expensive bleeding programme could be dispensed with.
Total phosphorus concentrations and compaction in riparian areas under different riparian land-uses of Iowa

Abstract Reducing non-point source phosphorus (P) pollution is often necessary to improve water quality in agricultural streams. Soil total P (TP) concentrations and compaction are soil characteristics that can influence P losses to streams. The objective of this study was to compare these two soil characteristics among riparian forest buffers, grass filters, pastures with cattle fenced out of the stream, intensive rotational, rotational and continuously grazed pastures and row-cropped fields in three physiographic regions of Iowa. Soil TP and compaction for the seven riparian land-uses were determined in stream bank and surface riparian soils. Total P concentrations in stream bed material along the seven riparian land-uses were also measured. Total P concentrations in riparian stream bank soils among land-uses ranged from 303 to 398 mg kg−1 in the central region, to 432–518 mg kg−1 in the northeast, to 360–555 mg kg−1 in the southeast. In the surface riparian soils TP among land-uses ranged from 434 to 649 mg kg−1 in the central region, to 493–764 mg kg−1 in the northeast region, to 428–716 mg kg−1 in the southeast region. Finally, the TP concentrations in the stream bed sediments among land-uses ranged 194–307 mg kg−1 in the central region, to 169–461 mg kg−1 in the northeast, to 389–964 mg kg−1 in the southeast. Few soil TP significant differences among riparian land-uses within regions were found. Soil compaction under some of the grazing practices was significantly higher than under the conservation practices. Limited differences in soil TP concentrations and compaction were partially due to the young age of the conservation practices and the rotational and intensive rotational pastures. Past land-use on these sites had been either continuous grazing or row-cropping and those uses were still influencing these soil parameters. Within riparian land-uses, surface riparian soils generally had higher TP than the stream bank riparian soils. Stream bed samples had lower TP concentrations than the riparian soils in the northeast and central regions but were higher than the riparian soils in some of the land-uses in the southeast region. Overall TP concentrations in the stream bank, surface riparian soils and stream bed material were high indicating that these areas can potentially be important source areas of P and the focus should be on reducing the transport of P.
The Responsive Legislature: Public Opinion and Law Making in a Highly Disciplined Legislature

This article analyses how institutional and contextual factors explain the approval of presidential initiatives – presidential legislative success – in highly disciplined and cartelized assemblies. Of particular importance is to test whether public opinion, the electoral cycle and the use of different institutional rules affect the approval of presidential initiatives in Congress. Using a multilevel Bayesian model of legislative success, I model bill approval rates at individual and aggregate levels. This strategy is extremely flexible, allowing us to disentangle the different institutional and contextual factors that determine the approval of presidential initiatives in the Argentine Congress.
Decrease of net carbon flux in two species of mussels caused by extracts of crude oil

Effects of crude oil and salinity stress on the metabolism of two common filter-feeding animals (Mytilus edulis and Modiolus demissus) have been investigated. Carbon budgets have been calculated for each species under a variety of combinations of oil content and salinity. Both reduced salinity and the presence of crude oil tend to decrease the net carbon flux for each species; stresses from each source interacted in their effects on experimental animals. Although similar responses to oil were shown by each species, Mytilus edulis appeared to be slightly more resistant to oil than Modiolus demissus.
An introduction to biometric-completeness: The equivalence of matching and quality

This paper introduces the concept of biometric-completeness. A problem is biometric-complete if solving the problem is “equivalent” to solving a biometric recognition problem. The concept of biometric-completeness is modeled on the informal concept of artificial intelligence (AI) completeness. The concept of biometric-completeness is illustrated by showing a formal equivalence between biometric recognition and quality assessment of biometric samples. The model allows for the inclusion of quality of biometric samples in verification decisions. The model includes most methods for incorporating quality into biometric systems. The key result in this paper shows that finding the perfect quality measure for any algorithm is equivalent to finding the perfect verification algorithm. Two results that follow from the main result are: finding the perfect quality measure is equivalent to solving the open-set and closed-set identification problems; and that a universal perfect quality measure cannot exist.
Simulation of mechanical response in polymer crystallization

Abstract The problem of following the mechanical response of a polymer during crystallization is studied using a theory developed by Negahban and Wineman [1]. Elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio are defined in the context of polymer crystallization. For unconstrained crystallization and crystallization under constant uniaxial stretching, the values of elastic modulus, shear modulus, poisons ratio, and residual stretch are evaluated. The proposed model is fit to data available for natural rubber and the predictions of the model are discussed.
Cell selective induction and transcriptional activation of immediate early genes by hypoxia

Abstract c- fos and jun belong to the immediate early response genes (IERG) that initiate phenotypic changes in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. In the present study, we examined whether hypoxia induces IERG expression in isolated cells. Experiments were performed on pheochromocytoma-12 (PC-12), hepatoblastoma (Hep3B), neuroblastoma and fibroblast cells that were exposed either to normoxia (21% O2) or to hypoxia (5% O2) for one hour. mRNAs for c- fos , c- jun , jun B, jun D were analyzed by northern blot assay. Increases in IERG mRNAs were seen in PC-12, Hep3B, and fibroblasts but not in neuroblastoma cells. Significant induction of c- fos mRNA was seen with hypoxic exposure as short as 15 min and the effects persisted at 10 h of low p O2 exposure. Hypoxia stimulated transcription from a 356 bp fragment of the c- fos promoter linked to a choloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter in PC-12 but not in neuroblastoma cells. Fetal bovine serum, however, activated c- fos promoter both in PC-12 and neuroblastoma cells. These results demonstrate cell type selective mechanisms for c- fos promoter activation that require nucleic acid sequences with in the first 356 bp of the c- fos promoter. These observations suggest that increased IERG transcription is one of the early events in genomic adaptations to hypoxia.
On Studying Positive Emotions

Fredrickson (2000) presents a provocative new model of the function of positive emotions. The originality and significance of her approach lies in the implications of the broaden-and-build model for the study of optimal human functioning. That is, Fredrickson makes a persuasive case that learning how to cultivate positive emotions will ultimately advance knowledge of how to enhance health, resilience, and well-being. In this article, a number of questions raised by the concepts of "broadening" and "building" are discussed. For example, it is argued that the broadening concept needs greater definitional precision. Fredrickson's analysis may also benefit from consideration of the conditions under which negative emotions "broaden and build" and positive emotions have narrowing or negative effects. Finally, because of the model's immense generativity and a lack of sufficient empirical evidence, it is critical that Fredrickson's hypotheses be put to empirical test.
Effect of flow rate and temperature on crystallization kinetics, crystallinity index, and elastic modulus of PEEK

La diminution de la temperature de cristallisation et l'augmentation de la vitese d'ecoulement dans le moule d'ecoulement provoquent une augmentation de la vitesse de cristallisation. Mesure de la cristallinite du PEEK en fonction des conditions afin en vue de l'optimisation du processus (temps de moulage temperature du moule et de l'etat fondu, vitesse d'ecoulement)
Age-associated alterations in splenic iNOS regulation: influence of constitutively expressed IFN-gamma and correction following supplementation with PPARalpha activators or vitamin E.

Abstract Alterations in transcription factor activities in aged mice may lead to the production of many inflammatory molecules in the absence of exogenous stimulation. Splenocytes from 22-month-old female C57BL/6 mice are dysregulated in their capacity to control the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene as a result of elevations in the endogenous levels and activity of interferon (IFN)-γ. Splenocytes from aged mice produced high levels of IFN-γ in vitro and active STAT-1 was found in nuclear extracts from these splenocytes. Administration to aged mice of neutralizing antibodies against IFN-γ imposed appropriate regulation over nitric oxide production by stimulated splenocytes. Reestablishment of normal redox balance following dietary supplementation of aged mice with activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α or the antioxidant α-tocopherol (vitamin E) restored appropriate regulation over both the production of IFN-γ and the secretion of nitric oxide.
Deletion of Nf1 in Neurons Induces Increased Axon Collateral Branching after Dorsal Root Injury

Ras-mediated signaling pathways participate in multiple aspects of neural development and function. For example, Ras signaling lies downstream of neurotrophic factors and Trk family receptor tyrosine kinases to regulate neuronal survival and morphological differentiation, including axon extension and target innervation. Neurofibromin, the protein encoded by the tumor suppressor gene Nf1, is a negative regulator of Ras [Ras-GAP (GTPase-activating protein)], and we previously demonstrated that Nf1 null embryonic sensory and sympathetic neurons can survive and differentiate independent of neurotrophin support. In this report, we demonstrate that Nf1 loss in adult sensory neurons enhances their intrinsic capacity for neurite outgrowth and collateral branching in vitro and in vivo after dorsal root injury. In contrast to the permanent sensory deficits observed in control mice after dorsal rhizotomy, neuron-specific Nf1 mutant mice spontaneously recover proprioceptive function. This phenomenon appears to be mediated both by a cell-autonomous capacity of spared Nf1-/- DRG neurons for increased axonal sprouting, and by non-cell-autonomous contribution from Nf1-/- neurons in the denervated spinal cord.
Better product at same cost, lower sales and lower welfare☆

We consider a high-quality dominant firm facing a low-quality competitive fringe. We show that the dominant firm's quantity is (weakly) increasing in its quality if and only if its marginal cost (weakly) exceeds that of the fringe; otherwise it is strictly decreasing in quality. This result is driven by the fact that a quality increase causes the marginal revenue curve to rotate clockwise, rather than shift outwards, and at a height equal to the fringe firms' marginal cost. This fact, combined with the dominant firm's MR = MC condition, determines the result. For closely related reasons, the effect of a quality increase on consumer welfare also depends on the relationship between the costs. It is possible that all consumers are (weakly) better off, that some are better off and some worse off, or that all are (weakly) worse off. We also consider several extensions and variations of the model.
Digital Technology Integration in American Public Schools

This paper explores the literature review on 1:1 laptop initiatives in America's digital schools and school district efforts to integrate technology into classroom instruction to maximize student learning. The findings indicate that the much needed instructional integration has not kept pace with the increase in available instructional technology tools. Therefore, there is need for school districts to focus on appropriate technology development activities that could help teachers and students to overcome the barriers in technology integration. Further, school leaders must make sure that the technology integration practices translate to proactive laptop implementation to enhance effective student-centered learning in the digital age.
Chinese Peasants and the Closed Community: An Open and Shut Case*

Our repertoire of concepts and theories concerning peasantries has been built up through contributions from scholars working in many parts of the world. Latin Americanists and India-wallahs, in particular, have played a major role in the development of models, but we have also heard from specialists in Indonesia, Japan, Europe, the Mediterranean world, and even Africa. But where is China in all this ? Why are students of the world's largest peasantry silent? In part, it is because we are so few and too preoccupied with our own peasants to have time for anybody else's. More to the point, however, the whole body of inherited anthropological wisdom concerning peasantries seems somehow alien and irrelevant to students of Chinese society.
Laser cooling of trapped ions in a standing wave.

Laser cooling of trapped ions in a standing- and running-wave configuration is discussed theoretically. The ions are assumed to be spatially localized on the scale provided by the wavelength of the laser (Lamb-Dicke limit). A master equation for the center-of-mass distribution of the ion is derived for a multilevel system, and explicit results are presented for two- and three-level systems and harmonic trapping potentials. For the two-level system located at the node of the standing wave, we find final temperatures that are a factor of 2 lower than the limit for a running wave and cooling rates that do not saturate with the laser intensity. At the point of maximum gradient of the standing wave, blue detuned cooling is found that is analogous to the Sisyphus cooling of free atoms. For a three-level system we compare our results with those of Wineland, Dalibard, and Cohen-Tannoudji [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 32 (1992)].
Nonparametric regression estimation with general parametric error covariance

The asymptotic distribution for the local linear estimator in nonparametric regression models is established under a general parametric error covariance with dependent and heterogeneously distributed regressors. A two-step estimation procedure that incorporates the parametric information in the error covariance matrix is proposed. Sufficient conditions for its asymptotic normality are given and its efficiency relative to the local linear estimator is established. We give examples of how our results are useful in some recently studied regression models. A Monte Carlo study confirms the asymptotic theory predictions and compares our estimator with some recently proposed alternative estimation procedures.
Magma chamber stability in arc and continental crust

Abstract The growth and thermo-mechanical stability of magma chambers in Earth's crust dictate the dynamics of volcanism at the surface, and the organization of volcanic plumbing at depth. We analyze a model of magma chamber evolution in which volumetric growth is governed by the mechanical focusing of rising dikes by the magma chamber, “magmatic lensing,” as well as melting and assimilation of country rock. This modeling framework emphasizes the two-way coupling between chamber stresses and thermal evolution with specific compositions of intruding magma and country rock. We consider as end member compositional scenarios a “wet” environment magma chamber, in which basalt with 2 wt.% H2O intrudes an amphibolitic country rock, and a “dry” chamber consisting of anhydrous basalt intruding tonalitic country rocks. Magma chambers that erupt, freeze, or reach dynamic equilibrium in the crust occupy distinct regions of a parameter space that measures the relative importance of depth, chamber pressurization, wall rock viscoelastic rheology, and thermal viability. Lower crustal melt flux is the most important factor controlling chamber stability, but chamber depth and composition also help determine long-term dynamical behavior. In general, interactions between thermal and mechanical processes exert first-order control on chamber stability, defining four distinct regimes of magma chamber dynamics. In addition to thermally and mechanically unstable (freezing and eruptive) chambers, we find steady-state thermally viable chamber volumes are possible as well as a range of parameters for which chamber growth is roughly exponential in time and mechanically stable (no eruption occurs). Long-lived (> 1 Ma) chambers generally result from lower crustal melt flux values that range from ∼ 10− 4 to ∼ 10− 1 m3/m2/yr for 20 and 40 km deep chambers and both compositional end members used in this study. However chambers become considerably less stable in cool shallow environments, particularly with anhydrous compositions of magma and country rock. Model predictions in this framework suggest that a range of observed intrusive structures in Earth's crust may be the result of magma chambers in different, clearly defined dynamical regimes.
An error estimate and step size control method for nonlinear solution techniques

Abstract The condition number of the tangent stiffness matrix is shown to reflect the error encountered in the solution of nonlinear structural systems. Due to the linearization process in the incremental solution, two sources of error exist: (1) the error associated with the solution of the linearized set of equations; and (2) the error associated with the unbalanced force residual. While the condition number itself reflects the first error, its change from step to step represents the second error. Being an expensive quantity to compute, only an estimate of the condition number that is based on the L 1 -norm of the tangent stiffness matrix has been effectively used in guiding the solution algorithm in adjusting the step size according to the degree of nonlinearity of the system. It is also used to identify the stable from the unstable paths of the response curve. Several examples are solved to show the applicability of the proposed step size control with different solution techniques.
Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) in the elderly.

Rapport d'un cas de maladie d'Addison chez un homme de 70 ans. Frequence, etiologie et traitement de cette maladie chez les personnes âgees
Collaborative Spectrum Sensing with a Stranger: Trust, or Not to Trust?

The game of collaborative spectrum sensing is discussed for cognitive radio systems, in which an honest secondary user collaborates with an unclassified secondary user. The honest secondary user needs to determine its trustiness to the collaborator while the collaborator, if being malicious, needs to find the optimal tradeoff between causing more damage to the honest secondary user and hiding its own type. The theory of signaling game is applied to find the equilibrium of the game. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the equilibrium strategies of both secondary users. An interesting observation is that the attacker is unable to attack in the Bayesian equilibrium in certain situations.
Bridge transmission method of medical sensor node in u-healthcare services

When monitoring vital sign, cables between medical sensors and monitoring system make a patient uncomfortable. Furthermore, it gets worse in case of a steady monitoring is needed. Recently researches, therefore, are actively underway to integrate a wireless sensor network into vital sign monitoring devices. However, the measured data from the sensor can't be transmitted if a patient moves out of the transmission range since the receiving and transmitting range of the measured date is limited within a specific range. In order to clear out this sort of problem, this research suggests the Bridge Transmission Method that can deliver data between nodes via other devices even if the medical sensor device went out of transmission range for a gateway. Experiments have been carried out by materializing a bridge transmission module on sensor nodes to verify effectiveness of our suggesting transmission method, and ten experiments having transmitted 1,000 packets by case showed 98.4% of success in receiving
Activation rates and chemical recovery of67Cu produced with low energy proton irradiation of enriched70Zn targets

Copper-67 is a radioisotope with significant potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. Despite its promise,67Cu has failed to make an impact in clinical nuclear medicine, primarily because it is available sporadically, and in limited quantities. Common methods of production rely on high energy proton irradiation of natural zinc targets or on induced reactions using high energy neutrons at nuclear reactors. We have evaluated alternative production methods that could provide year-round adequate supply of this isotope. Using a low energy accelerator, we have studied the production of67Cu by proton reactions on enriched70Zn. Our results indicate that it is possible to produce useful quantities of67Cu from the irradiation of enriched70Zn with protons that have energies of less than 20 MeV. Production rates are higher than currently used methods at high energy accelerators or reactors. This isotope can be made available throughout the year as a result of this research.
Database infrastructure for supporting engineering design histories

Abstract An engineering design history is a step-by-step account of the events and the states through which a design artifact evolved. Database technology has not yet provided adequate mechanisms for capturing and reusing design history information. This paper presents an infrastructure for computer-aided archiving and interrogation of engineering design histories. This framework combines research from software engineering, data engineering, and knowledge engineering to develop an environment for the capture and reuse of design histories. A Design Process Representation Language (DRL), is combined with ‘enhanced’ step models to capture design steps and design parameters. This high-level representation is translated into Data Definition Language (DDL) for operations on an object-oriented database. Advances in database technology that are required to fully support intelligent design history systems are discussed.
Prospective evaluation for pneumonectomy using the 99mtechnetium quantitative perfusion lung scan.

We evaluated 33 high-risk patients before pneumonectomy, all of whom had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) of less than 2.0 L before surgery. A quantitative perfusion lung scan was used to assess the right-left distribution of blood flow. A predicted postoperative FEV 1 was calculated from the information on the lung scan and the preoperative FEV 1 . If this calculated value exceeded 800 ml, the patient was physiologically cleared for surgery up to and including a pneumonectomy. Surgery was otherwise believed to be contraindicated in the absence of studies using balloon occlusion. Perioperative mortality ( ≤ 30 days after surgery) was found to be 15 percent (5/33). In surgery of this magnitude, we find this to be an acceptable percentage of mortality and have continued to use these simple physiologic criteria to determine whether a patient can tolerate pneumonectomy.
''Subthreshold'' reactions involving nuclear fission

We analyze reactions of several types that are naively below threshold but can proceed because of the release of binding energy from nuclear fission and occasionally the formation of Coulombic bound states. These reactions include (i) photofission with pion production and (ii) charged current neutrino-nucleus reactions that lead to fission and/or formation of a Coulomb bound state of a {mu}{sup -} with the nucleus of a fission fragment. We comment on the possible experimental observation of these reactions.
Applications of Holland's Theory in Industrial and Organizational Settings☆

Abstract This article discusses three applications of Holland's theory in industrial and organizational psychology. The first is his contribution to theory development through the concept of person–environment congruence, which is currently one of the dominant theoretical positions in organizational behavior. The second is his contribution to using occupational information, most notably that individuals should be self-directed participants in their own career exploration. This position is evidenced in the 1991 revision of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, and will continue with the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The third is the application of vocational interest measurement in two current organizational practices: cross-functional training and the formation of work teams. It is concluded that Holland's work represents a rare outcome – a source of influence on both the science and practice of industrial/organizational psychology.
54.4: Stereoscopic Depth Perception and Interocular Luminance Differences

We investigated the effects of interocular luminance differences on stereoscopic depth perception. The stimuli were stereoscopic square-shaped targets created from disparity embedded in a dynamic random-dot stereogram, which eliminated other cues to depth perception. The results revealed that stereoscopic depth perception survived significant interocular differences in luminance levels, even up to differences of 60%, provided that display luminance was approximately 0.63 cd/m2 or higher. In terms of design criteria, developers of stereo displays can use a fairly large range of interocular luminance levels and still induce good stereo depth perception.
Epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor in mouse saliva: a comparative study.

It has recently been determined (Murphyet al., 1977a) that the submandibular gland of the adult mouse is an exocrine rather than endocrine organ for nerve growth factor (NGF). Present results, together with the work of others, suggest the gland is serving the same function with respect to epidermal growth factor (EGF). Radioimmunoassay data indicate that EGF is secreted in saliva at concentrations which are similar to that of NGF. Highest levels of the molecules are present in saliva from male mice stimulated with α-adrenergic and β-adrenergic secretagogues. A cholinergic agonist elicits saliva containing appreciably lower amounts of both proteins. Saliva EGF stimulates division of epithelial cells in chick cornea grown in culture, suggesting that the molecule is secreted in a form which is biologically active. Chemical studies indicate that the molecular properties of saliva EGF vary depending upon the concentration at which the molecule is studied. In concentrated saliva, EGF elutes from gel filtration columns in a position which suggests the protein is part of a high molecular weight complex. At levels where EGF is biologically activein vitro, however, the complex dissociates and EGF displays a molecular weight close to 6000 g/mole in dilute solution. This behavior is identical to that of EGF in salivary gland extracts. Saliva NGF, on the other hand, remains in a high molecular weight form when studied at biologically effective levels.
The Effect of Alkalis on the Silica Content of Mantle-Derived Melts

A large body of experimental evidence shows that at low and moderate pressure (<1.5 GPa), alkali-rich silicate liquids coexisting with Mg-rich olivine and orthopyroxene are richer in silica than typical basalts. This phenomenon is caused by the tendency of alkali ions to reduce the number of Si-O-Si linkages in the melt, which translates to negative deviations from ideality for mixing between alkalis and silica and which requires increases in alkalis to be accompanied by increases in silica for liquids in equilibrium with mantle peridotite. P_2O_5 and TiO_2 have an effect opposite to alkalis, and when these elements are also enriched in the liquid, the high silica contents caused by alkali-enrichment may be reduced or eliminated. The effect of alkalis on the silica content of melts equilibrated with magnesian olivine and orthopyroxene is reduced at higher pressure, such that silica enrichments in alkali-rich melts will be small if the equilibration pressure is greater than ∼1.5 GPa. This pressure effect is largely the result of decreases with pressure in the extent of polymerization for all olivine + orthopyroxene-saturated liquids. As pressure increases and liquids in equilibrium with olivine and orthopyroxene become less polymerized, proportionally fewer alkalis break up highly polymerized (Q^4) silica tetrahedra, and, therefore, alkalis have less effect on the activity coefficient of silica. Secondarily, the observed changes with pressure may also be related to changes in the energetics of alkali-silica interactions. Because equilibration of alkali-rich melts with mantle peridotite only produces high silica at low and moderate pressures, small degree partial melts of anhydrous peridotite formed during adiabatic upwelling will not typically be silica-rich. However, if liquids rich in alkalis, perhaps formed by selective leaching of Na_2O and K_2O from peridotite during upward percolation, equilibrate with the mantle at depths <1.5 GPa, they will become silica-rich. Such silica-rich liquids, now preserved as glass inclusions in spinel peridotite xenoliths, are probably restricted to the shallowest part of the mantle (<45 km).
An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Wireless Local Area Networks on Organization of Users

In recent years, the concept of nomadic computing has received considerable attention from the business community. As an early form of nomadic information environment (NIE), wireless local area network (WLAN) has gained tremendous popularity with organizations. Using mostly anecdotal evidences, WLAN equipment manufacturers and practitioners claimed that WLAN brought dramatic improvements in the forms of productivity gains and attainment of convenience, flexibility, mobility, and time saving to organizations and their employees. However, very little academic research has been conducted to verify these claims and further our understanding of this new phenomenon. By surveying end users and managers, this study investigates the impact of WLAN on users and their work. Finally, recommendations to researchers, managers, WLAN technology providers, and equipment manufacturers also are provided.
Application of an electronic nose to correlate with descriptive sensory analysis of aged Cheddar cheese

Abstract The ability of an electronic nose, using a mass detector, to correlate with descriptive sensory analysis of aged Cheddar cheese was determined. A sensory panel (n=12) received 75 h of training on 17 flavor terms for Cheddar cheese. Eleven aged Cheddar cheeses (⩾6 months age) were acquired as 10–20 pound blocks. Cheeses were evaluated in duplicate by an electronic nose and by the sensory panel. Data were analysed by multivariate techniques including cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Differences were noted between the two techniques, but cheeses were placed into similar clusters by cluster analysis for both the sensory and the electronic nose data. While not providing as complete an evaluation of flavor as descriptive sensory analysis, the electronic nose does appear to provide a chemical basis for the differentiation of aged Cheddar cheese aroma.
Religion and Revolutionary Beliefs: Sociological and Historical Dimensions in Max Weber's Work-In Memory of Ivan Vallier (1927–1974)

How adequate is Weber's world-historical Sociology of Religion in relation to ongoing secularization, especially the rise of quasi-religious political movements and ideologies? It is argued that his work retains a considerable degree of conceptual adequacy in the face of new historical developments for both analytical and historical reasons. The essay distinguishes between Weber's developmental theory of modern revolutionary beliefs and his sociology of ideological virtuosi and of social marginality. The model of revolutionary religious virtuosity is applied to the Catholic opposition against church and state in the United States. The essay concludes with some observations on the counterculture in the light of Weber' s developmental theory and sociohistorical model. The sociology of religion is one aspect of that many-faceted historical process called "secularization." Without the decline of traditionalist understandings of the world, segmental analytical approaches such as science and critical scholarship could not have come into their own. But secularization has also meant the rise of beliefs competing with revealed religions and metaphysical rationalism on their own grounds-as comprehensive world views providing meaning for one's life and legitimation for one's actions. Within the sociology of religion there are basically two modes of comprehending these competing beliefs: the functionalist and the historical. From the functionalist viewpoint every organized group requires a belief system. Whether people consider themselves religious or not matters less than the fact that they all need a world view-divergences are mainly a matter of functional equivalents or evolutionary transformation. The logic of functionalism minimizes the historically significant difference between religious and secular world views by playing down the qualitative distinction between salvation religion and "disenchanted" beliefs. But from the historical viewpoint, which I will adopt here, this difference remains important just because it is part of disenchantment and secularization. We must strike a balance between the identification of distinctive differences and the existence of broad similarities among religious and secular world views.
Demo: visual MIMO based LED - camera communication applied to automobile safety

The inherent limitations in RF spectrum availability and susceptibility to interference make it difficult to meet the reliability required for automotive safety applications. To address this challenge, this work explores an alternative communication system called Visual MIMO that uses light emitting arrays as transmitters and cameras as receivers. Visual MIMO applied to vehicular communication proposes to reuse existing LED rear and headlights as transmitters and existing cameras (e.g. those used for parking assistance, rear-view cameras) as receivers. In this work we show a proof of concept based demonstration of the Visual MIMO system consisting of an LED transmitter array and a high-speed camera.
Spatial perspective taking in young children.

Abstract Four- and five-year-old children were tested in a spatial perspective task employing a production format. They were shown a photograph of an aspect of a doll house and asked to generate the view on the photograph for a puppet that served as the observer. The house was mounted on a lazy Susan and could be rotated freely by the children. Puppet line of regard (to a corner, side, or rear of the house) and photograph type (fron, corner, side, or rear) constituted within-subject factors. Puppet position, photograph type, and age affected patterns of errors and proportion of correct responses. It was concluded that perspective taking is highly task dependent as well as dependent upon developmental status.
Expansile lesion of the posterior maxilla in an adult male.

. A case of odontogenic fibromyxoma of over 5 years’ duration which was evident roentgenographically (but not diagnosed) at the time of treatment for a fractured zygoma of the ipsilateral side is presented. The rate of growth did not appear to be significantly altered by trauma. The tumor was successfully treated by enucleation and curettage with removal of the associated teeth. No evidence of recurrence was noted 6 months postoperatively.