cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid total hip replacement. A 6.5-year follow-up study

We have reviewed 97 consecutive primary hip replacements with a cemented femoral component and a porous-ingrowth acetabular component at a minimum five-year follow-up (average 6.5 years). The average Harris hip score was 93, and 85 hips had no pain or only slight pain. There had been no deterioration in the results since the two-year follow-up. The hybrid hip is successful for up to eight years and appears to be suitable for many patients. Long-term femoral fixation has been shown to improve with second-generation cementing techniques and in this series was excellent with third-generation techniques, in that only one stem was revised for loosening. No cementless acetabular component was revised for loosening.
Dynamic Adaptive Approaches:An Application in Regional Planning

The adaptive planning approach is used in the spatial planning of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in Yichang to explore the flexible planning strategy for the long term transition towards a low-carbon vision with deep uncertainty. Key uncertainties are identified to formulate scenario settings for analysis. An integrated model with UrbanSim and Trans CAD was built to simulate the residential and job migration in Yichang City and its impact on public transportation under different scenarios to evaluate the suitability of a strategic infrastructure plan. An adaptive pathways roadmap was illustrated in the end. This approach can be applied to most cities in China with similar data conditions.
Segmentation of brain corpus callosum using graph cuts algorithm based on diffusion tensor imaging

The segmentation of white matter was got by using K-means algorithm in order to get the accurate segmentation of corpus callosum from diffusion tensor images.Then the graph cuts algorithm was expanded to tensor space by defining similarity function,and the graph structure was constructed with the tensor similarity to the link after the target and the background seed were selected according to priori.The segmentation of corpus callosum was done through the maximum flow method.The influence of border penalty factor and object seeds on the results was analyzed through the segmentation of the diffusion tensor imaging(DTI) dataset.Results show the correctness of graph cuts algorithm for the segmentation of corpus callosum.
Is this really a muscle cramp

Most muscle cramps are benign, but cramps that occur on exertion or in a patient with abnormal findings on physical examination or electromyography are usually caused by significant systemic disease. The most common systemic causes are metabolic diseases; central or peripheral nervous system diseases are less often responsible. Most systemic diseases that cause muscle cramps are amenable to specific treatment. If symptomatic treatment is desired, the first choice would appear to be stretching. If that is ineffective, carisoprodol (Rela, Soma, Soprodol), vitamin E, or verapamil hydrochloride (Calan, Isoptin) may be used. Quinine sulfate (Quine, Quinamm) is potentially toxic and may not be effective.
Application of a tri-enzyme extraction for total folate determination in foods

A tri-enzyme digestion procedure using chicken pancreas conjugase, alpha-amylase, and Pronase was evaluated to determine its usefulness in the microbiological quantitation of total folate in foods. Folate values obtained by traditional conjugase digestion were compared to those obtained by the tri-enzyme method for 12 food products that represent diverse matrixes. The tri-enzyme treatment increased measurable folate from most foods when compared to levels found after conjugase digestion. Largest increases were noted for tuna fish (51%) and yogurt (33%) after tri-enzyme digestion. For the 12 foods, a mean increase of 19% in measurable folate was obtained with tri-enzyme treatment. The study shows that traditional conjugase treatment does not completely free folate from complex food matrixes before microbiological analysis. Further, as other investigations have suggested, current accepted methods for folate analysis may be underestimating folate levels in foods.
Abstract 4213: Gold nanostar as theranostic probe for brain tumor sensitive PET-optical imaging and image-guided specific photothermal therapy

Malignant brain tumors are one of the most lethal cancer forms causing over 14,000 deaths each year. In spite of extensive research efforts over many decades, the median overall survival (OS) still remains at just 15 months for the common malignant giloma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We have developed a multifunctional gold nanostar (GNS) probe that shows potential to improve cancer management by providing personalized cancer theranostics, a combination of diagnostic and therapeutic functions. The GNS nanoprobe has a tunable plasmon absorption peak in the near infrared (NIR) “tissue optical window” for deep-tissue penetration and tip-enhanced surface plasmon resonance, which makes the GNS as a superior nanoprobe for cancer detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) imaging and photothermal therapy with NIR light. We have also functionalized the GNS with iodine-124 radioisotopes for sensitive 3D positron emission tomography (PET) and achieved a 10-picomolar limit of detection (LOD). The GNS nanoprobe accumulates selectively in brain tumor due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which is caused by defective endothelial tight junctions in blood vessels surrounding the tumor. On the contrary, the GNS nanoprobe has minimum uptake in normal brain tissue due to the intact blood-brain-barrier (BBB). The GNS uptake ratio of tumor-to-normal (T/N) brain tissue is measured to be up to 30:1 by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). By combining the high detection sensitivity of PET imaging and specific accumulation of GNS in brain tumor, we have demonstrated the feasibility of 1-mm brain tumor detection with the I-124 labeled GNS nano radiotracer. The obtained T/N ratio is up to 10:1 with our GNS nanoprobe labeled with I-124, which is much better than that (typically less than 1.5:1) for traditional F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET contrast agent due to high glucose uptake in normal brain tissue. Furthermore, we have utilized GNS9s high TPL intensity to delineate brain tumor margin with excellent sensitivity and high spatial resolution (μm level). In addition to brain tumor imaging, we have successfully demonstrated photothermal ablation with a NIR laser taking advantage of GNS9s superior photothermal conversion efficiency. We have also performed a 6-month toxicity study for the GNS nanoprobe and experiment results, including body weight monitoring, blood chemistry test, and HE 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4213.
Suppression of Superfluid Density and the Pseudogap State in the Cuprates by Impurities

We use scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to study magnetic Fe impurities intentionally doped into the high-temperature superconductor Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+δ}. Our spectroscopic measurements reveal that Fe impurities introduce low-lying resonances in the density of states at Ω_{1}≈4 meV and Ω_{2}≈15 meV, allowing us to determine that, despite having a large magnetic moment, potential scattering of quasiparticles by Fe impurities dominates magnetic scattering. In addition, using high-resolution spatial characterizations of the local density of states near and away from Fe impurities, we detail the spatial extent of impurity-affected regions as well as provide a local view of impurity-induced effects on the superconducting and pseudogap states. Our studies of Fe impurities, when combined with a reinterpretation of earlier STM work in the context of a two-gap scenario, allow us to present a unified view of the atomic-scale effects of elemental impurities on the pseudogap and superconducting states in hole-doped cuprates; this may help resolve a previously assumed dichotomy between the effects of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities in these materials.
Case XXII: Thigh Weakness

An 18-year-old female complains of weakness and decreased bulk of her right thigh. This started 2 years ago with decreased strength of her knee extension. She progressively noticed loss of muscle mass in her thigh as well as weakness in her hip flexors. She also has numbness on the inner aspect of the right leg but no pain. PMH significant for asthma. FH positive for spinal stenosis in her father, type 2 diabetes in the paternal grandmother and “a nerve problem” in 2 aunts. Examination reveals significant atrophy of the right quadriceps, with 4/5 strength, right iliopsoas 4/5, and an absent right knee jerk. Sensation is decreased to light touch on the medial aspect of the leg (saphenous n distribution). There is no Tinel’s sign or palpable masses.
Pathology of amino acid excess: V. Effects of methionine on free amino acids in serum

Abstract When excessive amounts of methionine were administered in the diet for 4 weeks there were significant alterations in serum amino acid composition. There was increase of methionine, α-aminobutyric acid, lysine, and glutathione. Serine and glycine were decreased when compared with the values of control animals. In addition, there was decrease of threonine, valine and leucine when serum amino acid levels of rats fed excess methionine were compared with the control animals according to their percent distribution. The profiles of serum amino acids in rats fed methionine excess, except for alanine and leucine, correlated with values calculated from Michaelis-Menten kinetics with respect to presumed concentrations of these amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract. In normal rats those amino acids which are known to have lower affinity for intestinal transport system were in higher concentrations in the serum. The effect of methionine in lowering the serum amino acid concentration was more evident in those amino acids, with the exception of lysine, which are normally in serum at higher concentrations than methionine. The elevated serum glutathione levels were attributed to possible release of this compound from the red blood cells due to methionine-excess induced hemolysis.
Incarceration and Financial Dependency During and After “Youth”

Young adults leaving jails and prisons experience two major life challenges at once—reentry and the developmental transition from adolescence to adulthood. Drawing on developmental theory and research, we propose that positive post-release outcomes look different for “youth” ages 18–24 versus older young adults. Using self-sufficiency as a summary indicator of developmental progress, we examined when and how the age trend in financial dependency on parents among previously incarcerated young adults diverged from the normative age trend seen in the general population of young adults. We conducted random effects regression analyses of longitudinal survey data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,865). Our outcomes were measures of parental financial and housing support. Previously incarcerated youth showed precocious independence from parents relative to their never-incarcerated age-mates. Previously incarcerated older young adults showed above-average dependency on parents. The crossover from a negative effect of incarceration on dependency to a positive effect occurred between ages 21 and 23. Precocious independence among previously incarcerated youth is concerning because it can preclude them from acquiring the skills and resources that they will need for longer-term independence. These youth may benefit from services that promote positive, age-appropriate development, with consideration of age appropriate benchmarks.
Neurobehavioral Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Critical Care Setting: An Update

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. TBI is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Post-traumatic amnesia, or the interval from injury until the patient is oriented and able to form and later recall new memories, is an important index of TBI severity and functional outcome. This article will discuss the updates in the epidemiology, definition and classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of common acute neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury that the critical care specialist may encounter.
Adapting agriculture through land use controls

The practice of land use control is an exercise in building (or losing) adaptive capacity in communities. Land use choices, and the regulatory schemes that govern them, determine the location, character, and intensity of the community’s impact on the environment, vulnerability to change, and resources that can be relied upon. For example, land use regulations influence the locations of different land uses and therefore determine the distances people travel to home, work, and play (and therefore determine air, water and land impacts from transportation, as well as infrastructure needs, psychological impacts of travel, and so on). Not surprisingly, land use control is the primary tool that local governments employ to confront new challenges to the social, economic, and environmental fabric of community. This chapter examines some exemplary resiliency strategies that are being employed at the local level. This chapter does not assert that local control over agricultural practices is the best or only answer to the climate challenge. The land use component of agricultural resiliency is arguably limited because of the role that parochialism plays in defining local environmental and economic concerns. Nevertheless local participation in climate change solutions is considered a necessity, and the types of solutions that local governments produce are important. Land use control is a uniquely local practice that is universally driven by the need to protect local priorities, facilitate local identities, and even to foster local and individual opportunities. Land use control addresses challenges such as climate change because the failure to do so results in the failure of local government to govern.
Deep visual gravity vector detection for unmanned aircraft attitude estimation

This paper demonstrates a feasible method for using a deep neural network as a sensor to estimate the attitude of a flying vehicle using only flight video. A dataset of still images and associated gravity vectors was collected and used to perform supervised learning. The network builds on a previously trained network and was trained to be able to approximate the attitude of the camera with an average error of about 8 degrees. Flight test video was recorded and processed with a relatively simple visual odometry method. The aircraft attitude is then estimated with the visual odometry as the state propagation and network providing the attitude measurement in an extended Kalman filter. Results show that the proposed method of having the neural network provide a gravity vector attitude measurement from the flight imagery reduces the standard deviation of the attitude error by approximately 12 times compared to a baseline approach.
A Field Experimental Study of a Precinct Committeeman's Canvassing Efforts in a Primary Election: Cognitive Effects

(1981). A Field Experimental Study of a Precinct Committeeman's Canvassing Efforts in a Primary Election: Cognitive Effects. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 651-666.
W.O.U.S.: Widgets of Unusual Size

Recent work in tangible interfaces, including widget sets like .NET Gadgeteer and Phidgets, has enabled prototyping of rich physical interaction at a handheld or tabletop scale. But it remains unclear how participants respond to physical widgets at larger scales. What kinds of interaction would larger widgets enable, and what kinds of systems - if any - can or should be built with them? We built unusually-sized widgets, or "mega-widgets" in order to explore this territory. We present the results of two iterations of building mega-widgets and accompanying user studies designed to help understand participants» reactions to mega-widgets and probe possible applications. Responses indicated, among other things, a correlation between widget size and the perceived size or importance of what it might control. Mega-widgets were also perceived as increasing the precision of user input control and providing a fun and playful element. We hope that knowledge gained from this exploratory work can help lay groundwork for further exploration of widgets at larger scales.
A dislocation barrier model for fatigue limit : as determined by crack non-initiation and crack non-propagation

Fatigue damage is caused by cyclic slip, and cyclic slip is driven by dislocation glide force. In order to cause fatigue damage, the cyclic glide force has to overcome the resistance of the primary and secondary dislocation barriers. Based on this cyclic damage process, the following diverse fatigue phenomena are synthesized into an integral and self-consistent analysis: Fatigue damage occurs in persistent slip bands (Hempel, 1956; Smith, 1957; Forsyth, 1957, 1961, 1963), and a nucleated fatigue micro crack is a shear crack (Forsyth, 1961). Pre-cracking fatigue damage is confined to the surface layer of a stressed metal (Wood et al., 1963). Fatigue limit is inversely related to grain size as shown in brass (Sinclair and Craig, 1952), in mild steels (Klesnil, Holzmann, Lukas and P. Rys 1965; Yoshikawa and Sugeno, 1965; and Taira, Tanaka, and Hoshina, 1979), and in ferritic-martensitic steel, (Kunio, Shimizu, and Yamada, 1969). Forrest and Tate (1964) found fatigue cracks in fine-grained brass at an alternating stress even below the fatigue limit. The cracks were within the boundaries of single grains. But they found no cracks in coarse-grained brass below the fatigue limit. The analysis synthesizes all of these experimental observations. The analysis is based on a realistic physical model. With a better understanding of the model and an improved calculation of the glide force, quantitative evaluations of the resistance of the dislocation barriers would eventually be possible. The needs for additional research are pointed out. A number of means of improving fatigue strength, based on the analysis, are suggested or explained.
14-OR: HLA REGION AND LUNG CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY: CONFIRMATION OF BAT3/BAG6 ASSOCIATION AND FUNCTIONAL REPLICATION

Aim The HLA class II gene BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6, previously BAT3) is induced by heat shock. Its product is a ligand for NKp30 receptor of NK cells, and is also involved in apoptotic pathways through interactions with caspase and P53. Its SNP rs3117582 is associated with lung cancer risk. Our previous work showed that it is exclusively present on the conserved extended haplotype (CEH) 8.1 (B8DR3). We aimed to clarify whether this SNP is the primary association or a proxy for a CEH8.1 association by bioinformatics and experimental approaches. Methods We examined the rs3117582 association in a case-control study using BioServe Lung Cancer SNPlates (180 cases and 180 controls). For bioinformatics analysis, we used tools available online. For functional replication, we assessed the correlation of this SNP with BAG6 expression using TaqMan analysis on 15 HLA homozygous IHWG cell lines. We used HSPA1B expression to control the experimental approach and for comparison. Results Bioinformatic analysis predicts alteration of heat shock factor binding site by this SNP (FS score = 0.242). The case-control study replicated the previously reported association with lung cancer risk (OR (recessive model) = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.1 to 23.5, P = 0.02) compounded by violation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in cases ( P = 0.001), but not in controls ( P = 0.63). The cell line COX carrying CEH8.1 was homozygous for BAG6 rs3117582 allele C. It showed the expected heat shock response in HSPA1B expression comparable to all other cell lines. The BAG3 expression was increased up to four-fold with heat shock, but COX did not respond that well and ranked 10 among 15 cell lines. Conclusions We replicated the BAG6 rs3117582 association in lung cancer, and also performed functional replication by experimentally confirming bioinformatically predicted function. Given the evidence that this SNP is also involved in breast cancer susceptibility, BAG3 may be a general cancer susceptibility gene located in the central HLA complex.
Integrative thinking and flexibility in the organization of self-knowledge

This study examined self-concept category structure and evaluatively integrative thinking in women selected for either high or low body dissatisfaction and symptoms of disordered eating. Overall, integrative thinking about negative characteristics of the self was associated with less negative mood. Participants with disordered eating displayed less integrative thinking than their comparison groups. However, the ability to think integratively about specific negative characteristics did not preclude the use of efficient compartmentalized structures to organize knowledge about the self as a whole. Participants who were flexible in their organization of self-knowledge—that is, evaluatively integrative in their thoughts about specific negative characteristics, and evaluatively compartmentalized in their self-concept structure—reported the least negative mood. Although integrative statements about physical appearance attributes were especially common, they were only weakly associated with less negative mood. We suggest that social norms may encourage integrative statements about physical appearance that have not been fully internalized.
Analysis of Bacterial Transcription by "Massively Systematic Transcript End Readout," MASTER.

Abstract A systems-level view of cellular gene expression requires understanding the mechanistic principles governing each step of transcription. In this chapter, we describe a massively multiplexed method for the analysis of the relationship between nucleic acid sequence and transcription termed “MASTER,” for massively systematic transcript end readout. MASTER enables parallel measurements of transcription output from at least 410 (~1,000,000) individual template sequences in vitro and in vivo. MASTER involves constructing a DNA template library of barcoded sequences, generating RNA transcripts from the library during transcription in vitro or in vivo, and analyzing the relative abundance and 5′-end sequences of the RNA transcripts by high-throughput sequencing. MASTER provides a powerful, rapid, and versatile method to identify sequence determinants of each step of transcription and to define the mechanistic basis by which these sequence determinants dictate transcription output.
Sequential Introduction of Innovations by the Start-up Firm

Start-up firms, which are by nature cash-constrained, might consider launching an immediately available product to generate funds for developing more advanced products. However, this release may ha...
A neighbor like me: the effect of fractionalization on subjective well-being

Population shifts resulting from increasing cross-national migration have caused the diversity and its economic effects to become a hotly contested issue in modern societies. Using fractionalizatio...
Circulating Microparticles Are Elevated in Treated HIV -1 Infection and Are Deleterious to Endothelial Cell Function.

Background Circulating microparticles have emerged as biomarkers and effectors of vascular disease. Elevated rates of cardiovascular disease are seen in HIV‐1–seropositive individuals. The aims of ...
Advancing responses to mass shootings using a routine activity approach

In the aftermath of high-profile mass shootings, such as those in Las Vegas, Nevada, and Sutherland Springs, Texas, there is continued demand for policy responses to such tragedies. Often, these responses are rooted in emotion rather than empirical evidence and a strong theoretical foundation. As a result, there is little progress toward prevention, and the same dialogue is revisited with each new event. In this paper, we propose that Cohen and Felson’s (Am Sociol Rev 44(4):588–608, 1979) routine activity theory can be used as a framework for developing evidence-based responses to mass shootings. Specifically, by considering mass shootings as a function of the theory’s three key elements (motivated offenders, suitable targets, and capable guardianship), we consider how this theory, which overcomes many of the challenges found with typical responses to mass shootings, can be used to develop effective policies.
Social support, interpersonal, and community dynamics following disasters caused by natural hazards

The most essential, and possibly the most reliably present, characteristic of all disasters is that they exert strong impact on social relationships. Two very different, at times conflicting, dynamic processes emerge in their aftermath: the initial outpouring of immense mutual helping and solidarity, followed by a subsequent sense of loss in the quality of interpersonal and community relationships. This review of recent findings in the area of disaster mental health confirmed two major patterns of social support dynamics following disastrous events resulting from natural hazards: a mobilization of received social support and deterioration of perceived social support and sense of community. Social support is a critical resource helping people cope with natural disasters. Its psychologically and socially protective functions for survivors and their communities unfold in a complex matrix of benefits and liabilities.
“The chemical-physical type of humanity has had its time”

We are heading into a new geological era, the Novacene, visionary scientist James Lovelock tells Gaia Vince
Unprogrammed abandonment of female genital mutilation/cutting

Abstract The sparsity of historical data on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) poses a challenge for researchers who seek to identify long-term trends in FGM/C participation or evaluate the role of macro-level factors that may predict FGM/C abandonment. This study introduces a means of overcoming this barrier and provides a new cross-national dataset of FGM/C prevalence over time. We compile self-reported FGM/C data from more than 700,000 women born in 23 African countries between 1940 and 2002 who subsequently participated in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) or Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). These data allow us to estimate the proportion of women born in each country-year who eventually underwent FGM/C. We then use these estimates to assess country-level trends in FGM/C prevalence and to explore macro-level factors that may contribute to the persistence or decline of the practice, including population density, female education rates, political stability, laws banning the practice, economic development, democratization, and international exposure. Our exploratory analysis suggests that population density, female education, and laws banning FGM/C are associated with FGM/C prevalence. Our results and approach should facilitate additional research on the mechanisms through which economic growth, institutional changes, and international engagement can influence the abandonment of FGM/C and other harmful social norms.
Diversity of Metabolic Enzyme Modulators

Both activation and detoxification enzymes are involved in toxicity and carcinogenesis mediated by xenobiotic metabolism. The modulation of cytochrome P450s as a defense against xenobiotic-mediated toxic effects is a complex subject. Considerable evidence has supported the prospect of modulating the activity of detoxification enzymes as a major strategy to manipulate the risk of xenobiotic-mediated toxicity and carcinogenesis. Detoxification enzyme inducers are diverse, including isothiocyanates; 1,2-dithiole-3-thione and its derivatives; indole-3-carbinol; polyphenols, flavonoids, and isoflavones; diallyl sulfides; terpenes, terpenoids, and carotenoids; and other compounds. Characteristics of metabolic enzyme modulators generally consist of functional groups with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and hydroxy groups on aromatic rings.
Severe hypertriglyceridemia: a rare and harmful complication in diabetic ketoacidosis, treated successfully with plasmapharesis

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is highly prevalent in pediatric patients with both newly diagnosed and established diabetes. Hypertriglyceridemia is a rare, adverse complication. Case Report: A previously healthy 14 year old female presented to the emergency room with 3 days of headaches. Her initial vitals: blood pressure 130/94, heart rate 124 bpm, respiratory rate 23 breaths per minute, body mass index 21.3, and glascow coma scale (GCS) of 15. She was diagnosed with DKA with a blood glucose level of 539 mg/dL, bicarbonate level of 6 mMol/L, ketonuria and venous …
Exploring the impact of synthetic strategies on catalytic cracking in hierarchical beta zeolites via hydrothermal desilication and organosilane-templated synthesis

Hierarchical zeolites can be synthesized by different strategies (e.g. top-down or bottom-up), resulting in the creation of mesoporosity with different configurations (inter-crystalline or intra-crystalline) in addition to unique properties that are often characteristic of the specific synthetic route. In this work, hierarchical beta zeolites with similar Si/Al ratios are obtained by a top-down hydrothermal desilication and a bottom-up organosilane-templated synthesis using both commercial and custom designed organosilanes. It is identified that the typically destructive nature of desilication can be offset by inducing recrystallization under hydrothermal conditions, while the organosilane soft-template route shows a disruptive effect where microporosity needs be sacrificed in order to obtain additional mesoporosity, a feature that is commonly associated with the top-down approach. The distinctive structural and porous features of these zeolites are presented, and their catalytic performances evaluated by the cracking of cumene and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene. The effect of mesopore configuration on catalytic activity and the merits (or lack thereof) of mesoporosity in improving catalytic performances will be discussed. The catalytic results demonstrate that a combination of intracrystalline mesoporosity and high crystallinity are necessary to achieve optimal performance for hydrocarbon cracking.
The Dark Side of Organizational Identification: A Multi-Study Investigation of Negative Outcomes

After more than two decades of research on the positive side of organizational identification, researchers have begun to realize that it also has a dark side that needs immediate consideration. With support from social identity theory, the current study sheds light on the understudied role of the dark side of organizational identification by investigating its indirect effects on (a) psychological entitlement, (b) unethical pro-organizational behavior, and (c) pro-social rule-breaking through externally motivated organizational citizenship behavior, taking leader-member exchange as a boundary condition. Two surveys were conducted to test the proposed moderated mediation model. Data for the study 1 was collected from employees (N = 356) working in the service sector (i.e., Universities, Banks and Telecommunication Organizations), whereas responses for study 2 were taken from employees (N = 259) working in the hospitality industry. A time-lagged research design was selected for both surveys to avoid common method bias. The results demonstrate that organizational identification leads to adverse outcomes in the form of psychological entitlement, pro-social rule-breaking and unethical pro-organizational behavior through externally motivated organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, a high-quality leader-member exchange relationship enhances these indirect effects of organizational identification. Several theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and future research directions, are also discussed.
Help first-year college students to learn their library through an augmented reality game

Abstract This paper presents a reflection on a pilot Augmented Reality (AR) Treasure Hunt created using a free AR application that served as a library orientation activity for first year college students. This game sought to aid student wayfinding in the library by directing them to locate puzzles in the library building that helped them reach the goal of solving a digital treasure box. Students reported that this game was informative and creative, and was received positively. Students commented that the AR game helped familiarize them with library spaces, services, and subject librarians. Inquiry into the students' experiences with the activity concluded that the gameplay of the AR gave allowed them to become more comfortable with library spaces. Due to the accessibility of the platform, replicating an AR game similar to the pilot game is possible for anyone interested in providing an immersive AR experience for a library orientation or an entry level library instruction class.
FTIR studies on plasticization of silicate glass with ionic liquids (conversion to silicate polymers)

Abstract Inorganic polymers were synthesized via the conversion of silica to silicate glass, followed by plasticization with ionic liquid (IL). The aim of this work is to elucidate the plasticization mechanism by using attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Specifically, this work focuses on inorganic polymers derived from silicate glasses, which contain either K+ ions or K+/Ca2+ ions, and IL; e.g., 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM) trifluoromethanesulfonate (TF). Herein, we build upon our previous hypothesis and further corroborate that the plasticization mechanism follows a cation exchange reaction (e.g., between K+ ions from silicate glass and EMIM+ ions from IL). A systematic variation in our synthesis conditions reveal that the 640 cm−1 vibrational band can be assigned to Si-O− ⋯ +EMIM cation-motion vibration. In addition, the vibrational features at 908 cm−1 and 877 cm−1 are assigned to cation-motion vibrations of Si-O− ⋯ 2+Ca/2 and Si-O− ⋯ +K bonds, respectively.
On the Art of Dramatic Probability: Elizabeth Inchbald's Remarks for The British Theatre

In 1806, Longman & Co. publishers commissioned the accomplished actress, playwright, and novelist Elizabeth Inchbald to compose a series of prefatory remarks for the plays to be included in their British Theatre series. One hundred and twenty-five in all, each of the plays for Longman's British Theatre was originally published and sold separately at a rate of about one per week. Once the series was complete, the plays were bound together and sold as a twenty-five-volume set. As the surviving diary entries from the two-year period during which she wrote her Remarks testify, the task proved both arduous and unrelenting for Inchbald, especially as she had no hand in selecting the plays to be included and no control over the order in which she was asked to compose her critical commentaries. Working almost constantly, no sooner had she read one play, drafted her remarks, and copyedited the proof, than she had to turn to the next play sent by Longman, collect her thoughts, and start the process all over again. For the most part, as Annibel Jenkins has noted, “[T]here seems to be no pattern of publishing by date or genre; a tragedy by Shakespeare came out one week and a contemporary comedy the next.” At one point, the strain of this process was so unbearable that Inchbald even tried to renege on her contractual obligations, writing to Longman, “begging to decline any further progress.” This request, as her first biographer, James Boaden, records, Longman “could not be expected to permit; and she was therefore compelled to remark through the whole year.” In the event, and however “dreadful” the task may have been for Inchbald, the widely advertised series proved a “great commercial success,” and Inchbald's Remarks have come down to us as one of the first great achievements in English dramatic criticism of the early nineteenth century.
Between-site equivalence of turning speed assessments using inertial measurement units.

Abstract Background Turning is a component of gait that requires planning for movement of multiple body segments and the sophisticated integration of sensory information from the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems. These aspects of turning have led to growing interest to quantify turning in clinical populations to characterize deficits or identify disease progression. However, turning may be affected by environmental differences, and the degree to which turning assessments are comparable across research or clinical sites has not yet been evaluated. Research question The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which peak turning speeds are equivalent between two sites for a variety of mobility tasks. Methods Data were collected at two different sites using separate healthy young adult participants (n = 47 participants total), but recruited using identical inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants at each site completed three turning tasks: a one-minute walk (1 MW) along a six-meter walkway, a modified Illinois Agility Test (mIAT), and a custom clinical turning course (CCTC). Peak yaw turning speeds were extracted from wearable inertial sensors on the head, trunk, and pelvis. Between-site differences and two one-sided tests (TOST) were used to determine equivalence between sites, based on a minimum effect size reported between individuals with mild traumatic brain injury and healthy control subjects. Results No outcomes were different between sites, and equivalence was determined for 6/21 of the outcomes. These findings suggest that some turning tasks and outcome measures may be better suited for multi-site studies. The equivalence results are also dependent on the minimum effect size of interest; nearly all outcomes were equivalent across sites when larger minimum effect sizes of interest were used. Significance Together, these results suggest some tasks and outcome measures may be better suited for multi-site studies and literature-based comparisons.
Nonlinear Online Multi-output Gaussian Process for Multi-stream Data Informatics

The revolution of Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things facilitate large and cheap data acquisition from complex systems. However, the online processing and analytics of such multi-stream data still suffer difficulties. The key reason is that data from different sensors (multi-stream data) contain nonlinear within-and-cross sensor correlations, which poses challenges in the modeling and analysis of such data, especially for the online scenarios. To jointly model multi-stream data, multi-output Gaussian Process (MGP) has become popular and achieved great success. However, existing methods assume different outputs are linearly correlated, which significantly limits their applications. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear online MGP framework to simultaneously realize nonlinear correlation modeling and online processing of multi-stream data. Specifically, a tailored co-variance structure is developed based on the convolution process, which can capture nonlinear self-and-cross correlations. To realize online processing, Bayesian analysis and marginalized particle filter are applied to estimate function values and model parameters. Comparing to existing methods, the proposed method features superiorities in i) the non-linear characterization of self-and-cross correlations, and ii) the efficient modeling and prediction capability. These features make the proposed method especially appropriate for industrial informatics with complex relationship and large-scale data sets. The proposed method is validated with simulation studies and a real-case study of biophysical signals.
Evidence That Hypothalamic Gliosis Is Related to Impaired Glucose Homeostasis in Adults With Obesity

OBJECTIVE Preclinical research implicates hypothalamic glial cell responses in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the current study we sought to translate such findings to humans by testing whether radiologic markers of gliosis in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) were greater in individuals with obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis or T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using cross-sectional and prospective cohort study designs, we applied a validated quantitative MRI approach to assess gliosis in 67 adults with obesity and normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or T2D. Assessments of glucose homeostasis were conducted via oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and β-cell modeling. RESULTS We found significantly greater T2 relaxation times (a marker of gliosis by MRI), that were independent of adiposity, in the groups with IGT and T2D as compared with the group with normal glucose tolerance. Findings were present in the MBH, but not control regions. Moreover, positive linear associations were present in the MBH but not control regions between T2 relaxation time and glucose area under the curve during an OGTT, fasting glucose concentrations, hemoglobin A1c, and visceral adipose tissue mass, whereas negative linear relationships were present in the MBH for markers of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. In a prospective cohort study, greater MBH T2 relaxation times predicted declining insulin sensitivity over 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Findings support a role for hypothalamic gliosis in the progression of insulin resistance in obesity and thus T2D pathogenesis in humans.
Comparison of heating protocols for detection of disbonds in lap joints

With the increased concern for the safety and reliability of aging aircraft, new nondestructive techniques are being sought for detecting and characterizing defects in these structures. These techniques must be both reliable and economical to impact the current safety of the fleet. To meet both of these requirements, more focus is being placed on large area inspection techniques. These offer the possibility for greatly reduced inspection times as compared to current point measurement techniques.
Cooling Flows and X-Ray Emission in Early-Type Galaxies

Early-type galaxies are luminous sources of X-ray radiation, and contain large amounts of hot, interstellar gas. In the brighter X-ray galaxies, the inferred masses of hot gas are consistent with those expected given the present rates of stellar mass loss. The required rates of heating of the gas are also roughly consistent with those expected from the motions of gas losing stars and supernovae. The X-ray observations suggest a lower rate of Type la supernovae than has been previously thought to apply. In the brightest X-ray galaxies, the cooling times in the gas are short, which suggests that the gas forms steady-state cooling flows. Cooling flow models explain most of the properties of the brighter X-ray galaxies, including their luminosities, the X-ray—optical correlation, their temperatures, and their surface brightness profiles. Homogeneous cooling flow models, in which all the hot gas flows into the central regions of the galaxy, have surface brightness profiles which are too centrally peaked, and which decline too rapidly in the outer parts. On the other hand, if the gas is inhomogeneous and much of the gas cools below X-ray emitting temperature near the point where it is injected, good agreement with the observed X-ray surface brightness profiles is found. Although the optical and X-ray luminosities of early-type galaxies are strongly correlated, there is a large dispersion in this correlation. One suggestion is that this dispersion indicates that early-type galaxies are not generally in steady-state, and that the fainter galaxies are in an earlier hydrodynamical phase in which most of the heating of the gas goes into the kinetic energy in a wind or partial wind, or into the thermal energy of subsonic inflation. Alternatively, the fainter galaxies may have lost much of their gas to ram pressure ablation. At a given optical luminosity, galaxies which are brighter in X-rays are found in less dense regions, which supports this last suggestion.
Obstacles to the response to HIV/AIDS in South Africa: Historical legacies in perception and policy environment in 1994–2006

This paper presents the results of a study which overviews the policy failure regarding antiretroviral treatment (ART) in South Africa from the late 1990s to the mid-2000s. Despite being clinically...
Privacy preserving group linkage

The problem of privacy preserving record linkage is to find the intersection of records from two parties, while not revealing any private records to each other. Recently, group linkage has been introduced to measure the similarity of groups of records [19]. When we extend the traditional privacy preserving record linkage methods to group linkage measurement, group membership privacy becomes vulnerable - record identity could be discovered from unlinked groups. In this paper, we introduce threshold privacy preserving group linkage (TPPGL) schemes, in which both parties only learn whether or not the groups are linked. Therefore, our approach is secure under group membership inference attacks. In experiments, we show that using the proposed TPPGL schemes, group membership privacy is well protected against inference attacks with a reasonable overhead.
Critical thinking of nurse managers related to staff RNs' perceptions of the practice environment.

Background Information and Significance: Critical thinking (CT) skills and the inclination to engage in critical thinking are essential for nurse managers to function as transformational leaders capable of influencing staff to align with organizational goals. In an extensive literature review, numerous studies were found examining the concept of CT in students and no studies were found exploring CT in nurse managers. Identifying the attributes, such as CT, that lead to success in the nurse manager role is useful when preparing nurse managers to lead effectively in the current healthcare climate. Research Question: Is there a difference between nurse managers’ CT dispositions and their respective staff nurses’ perceptions of the practice environment? Design: A convenience sample of 12 nurse managers and a random sample of 132 of their respective staff registered nurses (RNs) participated in this descriptive study. CT in nurse managers was measured by the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDI). Staff RNs’ perceptions of the practice environment were measured by the Practice Environment Scale (PES). The research question was answered using a t test. Findings: Significant (p < .001) differences were found between specific nurse managers’ CCTDI scores for open-mindedness, analyticity, and critical thinking confidence, and significant differences (p < .01) were found for systematicity when compared with their respective staff RNs’ mean subscale and overall PES scores. Conclusions: Results of the study support the positive relationship between strength in critical thinking dispositions of nurse managers and their respective staff RNs’ perceptions of the practice environment. Nurse managers with stronger CT dispositions may be better able to create positive practice environments that are conducive to job satisfaction and thus the retention of staff RNs. Inclusion of strategies to support the development and use of CT in nurse managers is recommended. CT and other leadership attributes and skills including emotional and social intelligence and management of change through an appreciative inquiry process may provide opportunities to improve leadership effectiveness in nurse managers. Clinical Relevance: Enhancing critical thinking skills and dispositions of nurse managers may help to create positive work environments for staff RNs. Staff RNs who work in an environment perceived to be positive may be in a better position to deliver high quality, safe patient care.
The Fracture Toughness of Ice

Topics to be addressed in this paper include the relevance of fracture mechanics to ice engineering the concept of fracture toughness the use of fracture toughness values for ice an examination and assessment of fracture toughness testing to date.