cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regions of α-amino-5-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor subunits that are permissive for the insertion of green fluorescent protein

The green fluorescent protein can be fused to the ends of a mature glutamate receptor subunit to produce functional, fluorescent receptors. However, there are good reasons to search for internal regions of receptor subunits that can tolerate green fluorescent protein insertion. First, internal insertions of green fluorescent protein may produce functional, fluorescent subunits that traffic more correctly. Second, fluorescent proteins inserted near interacting surfaces of subunits could potentially create reagents suitable for fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. Finally, internal green fluorescent protein insertions could potentially produce subunits capable of signaling conformational changes through intrinsic changes in fluorescence intensity. To identify regions of receptor subunits that are permissive for green fluorescent protein insertion, we used a series of recombinant transposons to create fluorescent protein insertions in three α-amino-5-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor subunits. A combined analysis of the relative fluorescence intensity and glutamate-gated ion channel function of 69 different green fluorescent protein fusion proteins identified permissive zones for the creation of bright and fully functional receptor subunits in the C-terminal portion of the amino terminal domain, the intracellular tail of the carboxy terminal domain, and within the pore-forming regions of the channel.
An Analysis of the factors which determine signal/noise discrimination in pulsed-carrier systems

The smallest signal discernible through background noise is formulated in terms of the pulse energy, its repetition rate, the receiver design, and the choice of integrating and indicating means. The smallest signal visible on a Type-A scan can be improved upon by the use of electromechanical integrators. Integration before detection is, in theory, ultimately the most effective, but runs into serious practical difficulties. These are avoided when the integration is performed after detection. Optimum predetector selectivity is formulated. The optimum detector (square law) is found, and other detectors compared. A transmitter criterion provides a basis for comparing the effectiveness of transmitters, and shows how, at the expense of range resolution, longer pulses can increase visibility.
Sublinear Recovery of Sparse Wavelet Signals

There are two main classes of decoding algorithms for "compressed sensing," those which run in time polynomial in the signal length and those which use sublinear resources. Most of the sublinear algorithms focus on signals which are compressible in either the Euclidean domain or the Fourier domain. Unfortunately, most practical signals are not sparse in either one of these domains. However, many are sparse (or nearly so) in the Haar wavelet system. We present a modified sublinear recovery algorithm which utilizes the recursive structure of Reed-Muller codes to recover a wavelet-sparse signal from a small set of pseudo-random measurements. We also discuss an implementation of the algorithm to illustrate proof-of-concept and empirical analysis.
Fraught Relations in the Letters of Laura Cereta: Marriage, Friendship, and Humanist Epistolarity*

Laura Cereta is unique among Quattrocento female humanists in directly addressing the position of women as wives and as friends in her substantial corpus of erudite Latin epistolary prose. Questioning the ideals that governed intellectual, social, and personal expectations of matrimony, Cereta's letters reflect her self-consciously double status as humanist and spouse. Her fierce critique of marriage as a site of female oppression and complicity implies an alternative that requires of humanists, husbands, and wives a radical rethinking of marriage in terms of friendship, as well as of the very project of humanist epistolarity.
Efficiency of thermoelectric energy conversion in biphenyl-dithiol junctions: Effect of electron-phonon interactions

The electron-phonon interaction is the dominant mechanism of inelastic scattering in molecular junctions. Here we report on its effect on the thermoelectric properties of single-molecule devices. Using density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism we calculate the thermoelectric figure of merit for a biphenyl-dithiol molecule between two Al electrodes under an applied gate voltage. We find that the effect of electron-phonon coupling on the thermoelectric characteristics strongly varies with the molecular geometry. Two molecular configurations characterized by the torsion angles between the two phenyl rings of ${30}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ and ${90}^{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}$ exhibit significantly different responses to the inelastic scattering. We also use molecular dynamics calculations to investigate the torsional stability of the biphenyl-dithiol molecule and the phonon thermal transport in the junction.
The Effect of a Hip-Strengthening Program on Mechanics During Running and During a Single-Leg Squat

Study Design Block randomized controlled trial. Objectives To investigate whether a strengthening and movement education program, targeting the hip abductors and hip external rotators, alters hip mechanics during running and during a single-leg squat. Background Abnormal movement patterns during running and single-leg squatting have been associated with a number of running-related injuries in females. Therapeutic interventions for these aberrant movement patterns typically include hip strengthening. While these strengthening programs have been shown to improve symptoms, it is unknown if the underlying mechanics during functional movements is altered. Methods Twenty healthy females with excessive hip adduction during running, as determined by instrumented gait analysis, were recruited. The runners were matched by age and running distance, and randomized to either a training group or a control group. The training group completed a hip strengthening and movement education program 3 times per week for 6 weeks...
Low temperature coadsorption of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on Ni(100). II. ELS and XPS studies

Ultraviolet photoemission (UPS), work function change (Δ) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) data are reported for carbon monoxide and hydrogen coadsorbed on Ni(100). Predosed hydrogen and postdosed carbon monoxide are intimately mixed and strongly coupled on Ni(100) at 100 K, but there is no evidence for direct C-H or O-H bonding. TPD shows sharp desorption peaks of both CO and H 2 around 210 K ( Σ states). UPS shows that a single type of weakly adsorbed CO, Σ -CO, exists on an H-presaturated Ni(100) surface at 100 K. This species is irreversibly converted to β -CO after heating to 260 K to desorb some CO and H 2 . The chemical bonding of the adsorbed CO changes significantly with the conversion from Σ to β -CO. Work function measurements show that the surface dipole associated with Σ -CO is nearly zero. The results suggest that Σ -CO has an electronic structure readily derivable from chemisorbed CO perturbed by a through-Ni interaction with hydrogen bonded to the same Ni atom or atoms.
Effects of quenching mechanisms of carotenoids on the photosensitized oxidation of soybean oil

The effects of 0, 1.0 × 10”−5, 2.5 × 10−5, and 5.0 × 10−5 M β-apo-8'-carotenal, β-carotene, and canthaxanthin on the photooxidation of soybean oil in methylene chloride containing 3.3 × 10−9 M chlorophyll b were studied by measuring peroxide values and conjugated diene content. β-Apo-8'-carotenal, β-carotene, and canthaxanthin contain 10,11, and 13 conjugated double bonds, respectively. The peroxide values and conjugated diene contents of oils containing the carotenoids were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of control oil containing no carotenoid. As the number of conjugated double bonds of the carotenoids increased, the peroxide values of soybean oils decreased significantly (P<0.05). The quenching mechanisms and kinetics of the carotenoids in the photosensitized oxidation of soybean oil were studied by measuring peroxide values. The steady-state kinetics study showed that carotenoids quenched singlet oxygen to reduce chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidation of soybean oil. The singlet-oxygen quenching rate constants ofβ- apo-8'-carotenal, β-carotene, and canthaxanthin were 3.06 × 109, 4.60 × 109, and 1.12 × 1010 M−1sec−1, respectively.
Age-Related Increases in Brain Monoamine Oxidase B in Living Healthy Human Subjects

Several studies of human brain postmortem report that monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) increases with age and it has been proposed that this increase reflects age-associated increases in glial cells. We measured brain MAO B in a group of normal healthy human subjects (n = 21; age range 23-86; 9 females and 12 males; nonsmokers) using [11C]L-deprenyl-D2 and positron emission tomography. Brain glucose metabolism was also measured with 18FDG in 15 of the subjects. MAO B increased (p < 0.004) in all brain regions examined except the cingulate gyrus. In contrast, subjects showed the expected regional age-related decreases in blood flow and metabolism. In the 15 subjects in whom both MAO B and LCMRglu was measured, there was a trend (p < 0.03) toward an inverse association between brain glucose metabolism and MAO B activity in the frontal and parietal cortices. Although the age-related increase in brain MAO B in living subjects is consistent with postmortem reports, the degree of increase is generally lower.
Molecular characterization of Buffalograss germplasm using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers.

Buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Englem] germplasm has a broad resource of genetic diversity that can be used for turfgrass, forage and conservation. Buffalograss is the only native grass that is presently used as a turfgrass in the Great Plains region of North America. Its low growth habit, drought tolerance and reduced requirement for fertilizer and pesticides contribute to interest in its use. The objectives of this study were to use sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in the evaluation of genetic diversity and phenetic relationships in a diverse collection of 53 buffalograss germplasms, and to identify buffalograss ploidy levels using flow cytometry. Based on their DNA contents, buffalograss genotypes were grouped into four sets, corresponding to their ploidy levels. Thirty-four SRAP primer combinations were used. This is the first report of the detection of differentiating diploid, tetraploid, pentaploid and hexaploid buffalograss genotypes, representing diverse locations of origin, using SRAP markers. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on genetic similarity matrices indicated that there were eight clusters. The coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.33 up to 0.99 and averaged D=0.66. The genetic diversity estimate, He, averaged 0.35. These results demonstrated that genotypes with potential traits for turfgrass improvement could readily be distinguished, based on SRAP. The use of PCR-based technologies such as SRAP is an effective tool for estimating genetic diversity, identifying unique genotypes as new sources of alleles for enhancing turf characteristics, and for analyzing the evolutionary and historical development of cultivars at the genomic level in a buffalograss breeding program.
A coupled transilience model for turbulent air flow within plant canopies and the planetary boundary layer

Abstract Stull's transilient turbulence theory (T-theory) was originally developed to study turbulent air flow in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The present work extends this model to study the interaction of turbulent air flow within a plant canopy and in the PBL. Additional mechanisms for the causes of wind shear-like leaf drag and destabilizing air flow, such as solar radiation absorption by leaves, which in turn warms the surrounding air, are included. Stull's key concept of transilient coefficients, which describe nonlocal eddy transport, is retained. However, the precise calculations of these coefficients have been modified according; to the physical situation. The numerical simulations based on our coupled model are capable not only of simulating turbulent air flow in the PBL, but they can also reproduce the counter-thermal gradient flows within plant canopies and agree well with experimental observation data collected in the Black Moshannon Forest in Pennsylvania, USA.
Gas-particle flow in a vertical pipe with particle-particle interactions

A theory is presented for the fully-developed flow of gas and particles in a vertical pipe. The relation between gas pressure gradient and the flow rates of the two phases is predicted, over the whole range of cocurrent and countercurrent flows, together with velocity profiles for both phases and the radial concentration profile for the particles. The gas and the particles interact through a drag force depending on their relative velocity, and there are mutual interactions between pairs of particles through inelastic collisions. This model is shown to account for marked segregation of gas and particles in the radial direction, and the predicted relation between the pressure gradient and the flow rates of the two phases is surprisingly complex.
Industry Investment in Basic Research Assuming Interdependence of Benefits from Appropriable and Inappropriable Activities

Using a model of the resource allocation behavior of a group of firms, Joglekar and Hamburg 1983 demonstrate that unaided industry allocation to basic research is suboptimal and that in stimulating this allocation, provision of government seed money is generally counterproductive, while the provision of matching subsidies is not cost-efficient. Using basically the same model, but focusing on the case of a homogeneous industry, Joglekar and Hamburg 1986 further identify several industry characteristics that increase the degree of suboptimality of investment in basic research, and consequently, the need for government intervention. Joglekar and Hamburg 1983, 1986 assume that a firm's benefits from its investment in appropriable activities are independent of its benefits from the industry's total investment in the pertinent basic i.e., inappropriable research. Investment theory suggests that a firm's benefits often depend upon its investment portfolio and that an investment in basic research that is not supported by suitable investments in other activities e.g., plant and equipment, personnel training, etc. may yield far smaller benefits than could be potentially obtained. Therefore, in this paper, I present a model that assumes such an interdependence of benefits. I find that most of Joglekar and Hamburg's 1983, 1986 conclusions are confirmed by the new model.
The effect of changing extracellular potassium concentration on synaptic transmission in isolated spinal cords.

Hemisected spinal cords of infant mice were exposed in vitro to varying concentrations of K+ in the bathing fluid. Interstitial potassium concentration ([K+]o) as well as dorsal and ventral root (DR and VR) potentials evoked by DR stimulation were recorded. [K+]o in spinal tissue was made to change from its control level of 3.5 mM by superfusing the preparation with modified artifical cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). [K+]o in tissue followed bath [K+] in the range from 2.0 to 13 mM, but diverged from bath concentration at levels at or below 1.0 mM. Relatively high tissue [K+]o during exposure to low bath [K+] was attributed to leakage of K+ ions from cells. Between 2.0 and 5.0 mM [K+]o a shallow but consistent positive correlation was found between [K+]o and dorsal root reflex (DRR) amplitude, while segmental reflex (VRR) amplitude changed little. Outside the range of 2.0–5.5 mM DR and VR responses were severely depressed in both elevated and lowered [K+]o. In spite of depressed reflex responses, transient stimulus-evoked elevations of [K+]o were strikingly increased when the resting [K+]o fell below 2.0 mM, suggesting enhancement of voltage-dependent K+-current.
Quantum effects near a barrier maximum

Abstract A potential barrier is considered which is parabolic over an appreciable region near its maximum. When the motion is unbounded to both left and right, the barrier penetrability is the quantity of interest. It dose not follow the Gamow value near the summit, but instead shows a transition behavior previously derived by two of us and here related to other phenomena. When the motion is symmetrically bounded on both left and right, energy levels below the barrier maximum are known to be associated in pairs of even and odd states, and are generally tacitly assumed to be unpaired above the barrier. The present analysis leads to a transition formula which shows that the pairing effect never vanishes but falls off smoothly with increase of the energy across the barrier maximum. When the motion is bounded to the left of the barrier and unbounded on the right, the quantity of interest is the phase shift. A “mixing formula” is derived which combines the semiclassical JWKB phase integrals to the left and right of the barrier to give a phase shift that varies smoothly through the barrier. In the analysis appears the function Γ( 1 2 + iϵ) , for which a simple optional approximation formula is presented. Typical curves are presented for the phase shift as a function of energy in the transition region. The analysis is used in an accompanying paper as the basis of a discussion of the special case of scattering which is known as orbiting, where classically a particle spirals near a potential maximum.
The time for space exploration

The advanced technologies of our time have made it possible to remove man's long-held dream of space exploration from the realm of science fiction into the everyday world of practical reality.
ON THE SUM OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS IN SEQUENCES II

Let A be a set of natural numbers, rA(n) be the number of ways to represent n as a sum of consecutive elements in A, and MA(x) := ∑n ≤ x rA(n). Under various circumstances, we show that Mℕ(x) ~ ∑ MAi(x), where ℕ = ⊔ Ai is a partition of ℕ. In particular, we prove that the asymptotic formula holds when the Ai's are chosen such that Ai = {n ∈ ℕ : f(n) = i}, where f(n) can be one of the following: (1) f(n) = Ω(n), (2) f(n) = d(n), (3) f(n) = rℕ(n), (4) (assuming the Riemann Hypothesis) f(n) = ‖n‖ := min{∣n - p∣ : p ∈ ℙ} (the distance to the set of primes).
A cylindrical shell with an arbitrarily oriented crack

The general problem of a shallow shell with constant curvatures is considered. It is assumed that the shell contains an arbitrarily oriented through crack and the material is specially orthotropic. The nonsymmetric problem is solved for arbitrary self equilibrating crack surface tractions, which, added to an appropriate solution for an uncracked shell, would give the result for a cracked shell under most general loading conditions. The problem is reduced to a system of five singular integral equations in a set of unknown functions representing relative displacements and rotations on the crack surfaces. The stress state around the crack tip is asymptotically analyzed and it is shown that the results are identical to those obtained from the two dimensional in plane and antiplane elasticity solutions. The numerical results are given for a cylindrical shell containing an arbitrarily oriented through crack. Some sample results showing the effect of the Poisson's ratio and the material orthotropy are also presented.
Brain malformations, epilepsy, and infantile spasms.

The models of cortical dysplasia discussed earlier--the Lis1 knockout, the MAM-induced cobblestone LIS, the spontaneous tish mutant, and focal freeze injury-induced PMG--illustrate several important insights into epileptogenesis in malformed brain. First, the appearance of epilepsy varies according to the pathogenesis of the dysplasia and may well depend more on the intrinsic properties of the neurons in these models rather than on the disturbed position of the cells. This is supported by models such as the reeler mouse, in which the dysfunctional extracellular matrix molecule leads to a form of lissencephaly in mouse and human, but there is a far less impressive association with seizures than for LIS1 mutations. However, Lis1 and Dex mutations that appear to affect the cytoskeleton and perhaps intracellular protein trafficking are frequently associated with infantile spasms and epilepsy. Second, the possible mechanisms of epileptogenesis in these models include (a) a loss of subsets of neurons, (b) altered neurotransmitter release, (c) differences in neurotransmitter receptor levels and changes in receptor subunit composition, (d) altered neurite density and/or synaptogenesis, (e) changed membrane properties (e.g., altered voltage-gated channels), (f) altered cell morphology (neuronal differentiation), and (g) effects on cytoskeletal function. Finally, it is important to note that the "generator" of excitability in affected brain may be within the heterotopia or in the normotopic cortex. As additional genetic models come to light and the ability to distinguish their clinical counterparts improves, more individually tailored therapies, including standards for surgical interventions, will surely evolve.
Association Between Reported Use of Inhaled Triamcinolone and Differential Short-term Responses to Aerosolized Albuterol in Asthmatics in an Emergency Department Setting

Forty-four adult patients with acute asthma were treated with albuterol at a rate of 15 mg/h over 2 h. Analysis of covariance showed a significantly higher baseline adjusted mean for both percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PFEV1) (p=0.045) and percent predicted forced vital capacity (PFVC) (p=0.022) at 50 and 110 min for the patients who reported triamcinolone use. Although heart rates decreased overall during the first hour of albuterol treatment, a rise in mean heart rate occurred during the second hour of treatment only in patients reporting triamcinolone use (p=0.005). After accounting for the effects of parenteral corticosteroids, the effect of reported triamcinolone use remained significant. These data suggest that use of inhaled corticosteroids in this context may be associated with enhanced local and systemic β-responsiveness, and if a causal relationship could be confirmed, this may constitute yet another advantage of early inhaled corticosteroid treatment in asthma. These data also suggest that chronotropic effects of high-dose albuterol should be monitored in patients using inhaled triamcinolone.
One step at a time

Macrophages are cells that are part of the body’s defense in combating infections. One of their important functions is to remove the bacteria we inhale with every breath from the lungs.
Respiratory Failure and ARDS

Pulmonary complications are common in the period immediately after liver transplantation (LT) to the point that they are almost an expected consequence of the procedure. Approximately one-fifth of patients with end-stage liver disease are hypoxemic prior to transplantation and the hypoxemia may worsen in the post-operative period due to alterations of respiratory mechanics. The published prevalence of pleural effusion, atelectasis and interstitial pulmonary edema is up to 87 % [1, 2]. Fortunately the majority of cases are of little clinical consequence as resolution occurs rapidly without the need for complex intervention and without adversely affecting outcome [1].
Reactivated lithospheric-scale discontinuities localize dynamic uplift of the Moroccan Atlas Mountains

The Atlas Mountains of Morocco, an example of an intracontinental mountain belt, display only modest tectonic shortening, yet have unusually high topography. We present new evidence from receiver functions and shear-wave splitting for localized, nearly vertical offset deformation of both crust-mantle and lithosphere-asthenosphere interfaces at the fl anks of the High Atlas. These offsets coincide with the locations of Jurassic-aged normal fault reactivation that led to tectonic inversion of the region during the Cenozoic. This suggests that a lithospheric-scale discontinuity is involved in orogeny. Another signifi cant step in lithospheric thickness is inferred within the Middle Atlas. Its location corresponds to the source of regional Quaternary alkali volcanism, where the infl ux of melt induced by the shallow asthenosphere appears to be restricted to the lithospheric-scale fault on the northern side of the range. Inferred stretching axes from shear-wave splitting are aligned with the highest topography, suggesting along-strike asthenospheric shearing in mantle fl ow guided by lithospheric topography. Isostatic modeling based on these improved crustal thickness and offset estimates indicates that lithospheric thinning alone does not explain the anomalous Atlas topography. Instead, an upwelling component induced by a hot mantle anomaly is also required to support the Atlas, suggesting that the timing of uplift is contemporaneous with the recent volcanism in the Middle Atlas. These observations provide a refi ned understanding of intracontinental orogeny and localized volcanism.
Persistence and pathogenesis of the neurotropic polyomavirus JC

Many neurological diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are underpinned by malfunctions of the immune system, including disorders involving opportunistic infections. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a lethal CNS demyelinating disease caused by the human neurotropic polyomavirus JC (JCV) and is found almost exclusively in individuals with immune disruption, including patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, patients receiving therapeutic immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies to treat conditions such as multiple sclerosis, and transplant recipients. Thus, the public health significance of this disease is high, because of the number of individuals constituting the at-risk population. The incidence of PML is very low, whereas seroprevalence for the virus is high, suggesting infection by the virus is very common, and so it is thought that the virus is restrained but it persists in an asymptomatic state that can only occasionally be disrupted to lead to viral reactivation and PML. When JCV actively replicates in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes of the CNS, it produces cytolysis, leading to formation of demyelinated lesions with devastating consequences. Defining the molecular nature of persistence and events leading to reactivation of the virus to cause PML has proved to be elusive. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge of the JCV life cycle and mechanisms of pathogenesis. We will discuss the normal course of the JCV life cycle including transmission, primary infection, viremia, and establishment of asymptomatic persistence as well as pathogenic events including migration of the virus to the brain, reactivation from persistence, viral infection, and replication in the glial cells of the CNS and escape from immunosurveillance.
Planning motion in completely deformable environments

Though motion planning has been studied extensively for rigid and articulated robots, motion planning for deformable objects is an area that has received far less attention. In this paper we present a framework for planning paths in completely deformable, elastic environments. We apply a deformable model to the robot and obstacles in the environment and present a kinodynamic planning algorithm suited for this type of deformable motion planning. The planning algorithm is based on the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) path planning algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that plans paths in totally deformable environments
Some Properties of Hafnium Oxide, Hafnium Silicate, Calcium Hafnate, and Hafnium Carbide

The behavior of hafnium oxide was studied particularly in the temperature range 1500° to 18OO°C. Properties of HfO2 at these temperatures and its reactions with ZrO2, SiO2, and CaO are given in terms of lattice and other physical measurements, many of which are new. Mono-clinic hafnium oxide is stable to 1700°C., which is 600° higher than the corresponding inversion temperature of zirconia. Otherwise HfO2 closely resembles ZrO2 (a) in its lattice dimensions and sintering behavior, (b) in forming a high-temperature tetragonal phase closely resembling tetragonal ZrO2, (c) in forming a continuous series of solid solutions with ZrOz, (d) in forming with silica a single compound (HfO2.SiO2) similar to zircon, (e) in forming a carbide, (f) in uniting with up to 40% CaO to form cubic solid solutions; thereafter a compound CaO.Hf O2 appears which is very similar to the corresponding zirconia compound.
Macrophages induce apoptosis in normal cells in vivo

It is well established that macrophages have a function in scavenging apoptotic bodies from cells undergoing programmed cell death. Here we show that macrophages can also induce apoptosis of normal cells. Using injected toxic liposomes to eliminate macrophages in the anterior chamber of the rat eye, we provide direct evidence that, in vivo, macrophages induce apoptosis in normal vascular endothelial cells during programmed capillary regression. Macrophage elimination resulted in the survival of endothelial cells that normally would die and the persistence of functional capillaries. Furthermore, replacement of eliminated macrophages with bone-marrow-derived macrophages 'rescued' lack of capillary regression. Viability of the persistent target cells was demonstrated through their lack of apoptotic morphology, expression of intracellular esterases and synthesis of DNA. These results uncover a new function for macrophages in the remodeling of tissues through the induction of programmed cell death and provide direct evidence of a key role for macrophages in capillary regression.
Unpacking Contemporary German Poetry: Hinsehen, Lesen, Hören

Contemporary German poetry is characterized by a dynamic relationship to history, language, new media, and performance that makes it well suited for integration into culture and language courses. This article offers three interpretive approaches to working with poems and provides a concise compendium of readily accessible teaching resources. Current research on the teaching of literature is reviewed and poems by Herta Muller and Durs Grunbein are used to give examples of pedagogical treatments.
Creating simple driver models with device I-V curves

A method for simulating driver performance using the characteristic static output current curves for a low state (I/sub OL/) and high state (I/sub OH/) is presented. It offers a simplified alternative to complex theoretical models. This approach can be used to quickly evaluate the impact of a change in driver output on system performance, to determine the worst case performance, or to correlate experiments directly with a given test device. It requires that the I/sub OL/ and I/sub OH/, and the intrinsic transient time for the device be known. This information can be determined by measuring hardware, analyzing the output of a theoretical model, or summarizing data sheets. >
Geometric Derived Information Spaces in Manipulation with Mechanical Contact

This paper describes methods applicable to the modeling and control of mechanical contact, particularly those that experience uncertain stick/slip phenomena. Geometric kinematic reductions are used to show how to reduce a system's description from a second-order dynamic model with frictional disturbances coming from a function space to a first-order model with frictional disturbances coming from a space of finite automata over a finite set. As a result, modeling for purposes of control in the resulting derived information space is made more straight-forward by getting rid of some dependencies on low-level mechanics (in particular, the details of friction modeling). Moreover, the online estimation of the uncertain variables in the derived information space has reduced sensing requirements. Results are illustrated using an actuator array model.
Finding the Jimmy in James: How James Baldwin Discovered Giovanni's Room in Lambert Strether's Paris

In “The Art of Fiction” (1884), Henry James argues that when it comes to subject matter the novelist must be granted broad freedoms: “If we pretend to respect the artist at all,” he writes, “we must allow him his freedom of choice” even in the face of “innumerable presumptions that the choice will not fructify” (38). Although James agrees with Walter Besant that “A novel in its broadest definition” is a “personal impression” (33), he nonetheless rejects Besant’s stricture that therefore “a young lady brought up in a quiet country village should avoid descriptions of garrison life” (34). After all, James argues, there is no telling what, “imagination assisting,” a provincial young lady might not divine regarding the lives of men in the military. The only necessity is that she be “blessed with the faculty which when you give it an inch takes an ell and which for the artist is a much greater source of strength than any accident of residence or of place in the social scale.” Furthermore, James democratically suggests, this “power to guess the unseen from the seen, to trace the implication of things,” is discovered in novelists “from town and country and in the most differing stages of education” (35). One prefers to think that, had it occurred to him, James would also have pointed out that this most “blessed . . . faculty” of the novelist is as little dependent on the “accident” of race as it is on gender, class, or geography. That it seems not to have, however, is not especially surprising since even contemporary critics have frequently been reluctant to accord the novelist the freedom and authority to imagine the lives of racial others. James Baldwin’s lifelong embrace of Henry James’s fiction, and more particularly his early and arguably most Jamesian novel, Giovanni’s Room (1956), offers a revealing case in point, one that has inspired a long controversy. With its all white characters and its Jamesian theme of the American naif in Paris, the novel seemed to some early critics a youthful literary misstep, an errant excursion beyond the boundaries of Baldwin’s native literary environment, which was to say the black experience in America as he had chronicled it so convincingly in Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953). For others, both early and late, the novel represents a misguided bid for artistic legitimacy
The design of a document database

In this paper a Document Base Management System is proposed that incorporates conventional database and hypertext ideas into a document database. The Document Base operates as a server, users access the database through different application programs. The query language which applications use to retrieve documents is described.
Fiber Migration in Staple Yarns : Part II: The Geometric Mechanism of Fiber Migration and the Influence of the Roving and Drafting Variables

This paper presents a discussion on the effective operation of the geometric cause of fiber migration in staple yarns. The experimental investigation is extended to some of the roving and drafting operation variables which had not been studied earlier. It is shown that the roving twist and drafting ratio have a significant effect on the rate of fiber migration. The influence of drafting tenacity was found to be negligible. Statis tical analysis shows that over 90% of the resolved effects are controlled by the mean fiber position.
Time Series Intervals and Statistical Inference: The Effects of Temporal Aggregation on Event Data Analysis

While many areas of research in political science draw inferences from temporally aggregated data, rarely have researchers explored how temporal aggregation biases parameter estimates. With some notable exceptions (Freeman 1989, Political Analysis 1:61–98; Alt et al. 2001, Political Analysis 9:21–44; Thomas 2002, “Event Data Analysis and Threats from Temporal Aggregation”) political science studies largely ignore how temporal aggregation affects our inferences. This article expands upon others' work on this issue by assessing the effect of temporal aggregation decisions on vector autoregressive (VAR) parameter estimates, significance levels, Granger causality tests, and impulse response functions. While the study is relevant to all fields in political science, the results directly apply to event data studies of conflict and cooperation. The findings imply that political scientists should be wary of the impact that temporal aggregation has on statistical inference.
A Frenkel-Poole model of dielectric charging in CMOS MEMS

Electrostatic actuation is commonly used for MEMS devices such as resonators, sensors, and RF switches, but parasitic charge in the dielectric layers of the devices may cause performance issues (e.g., drift, pull-in) or decreased device lifetime. We present a precise predictive model of dielectric charging in a CMOS MEMS resonator using Frenkel-Poole conduction. The model is able to predict frequency drift within 5% of measured drift data. Use of these predictive models will lead to electrostatically actuated MEMS devices with increased stability.
Structure of the second language mental lexicon: how does it compare to native speakers' lexical organization?

One of the questions frequently asked in second language (L2) lexical research is how L2 learners' patterns of lexical organization compare to those of native speakers (NSs). A growing body of research addresses this question by using word association (WA) tests. However, little research has been done on the role of language proficiency in the associative patterning of L2 learners' lexical knowledge, especially the way it affects the quantitative and the qualitative patterns of meaning connections. Similarly, no research attention has been devoted to the strength of the relationship between these patterns, although the general assumption seems to be that they are interrelated. To address these issues, first some traditional distinctions that first language (L1) WA researchers make between the qualitative and quantitative features of WA domains are discussed. Next, the application of WA tests in L2 studies and some of the most significant findings concerning L2 learners' vocabulary structure are briefly re...
Bacteriocin (Hemolysin) of Streptococcus zymogenes

The sensitivity of Streptococcus faecalis (ATTC 8043) to S. zymogenes X-14 bacteriocin depends greatly on its physiological age. Sensitivity decreases from the mid-log phase on and is completely lost in the stationary phase. The sensitivity of erythrocytes to the hemolytic capacity of the bacteriocin showed considerable species variation. The order of increasing sensitivity was goose < sheep < dog < horse < human < rabbit. However, when red cell stromata were used as inhibitors of hemolysis in a standard system employing rabbit erythrocytes the order of increasing effectiveness was sheep < rabbit < human < horse < goose. When rabbit cells were used in varying concentrations with a constant hemolysin concentration, there was a lag of about 30 min, which for a given hemolysin preparation was constant for all red cell concentrations. Furthermore, the rate of hemolysis increased with increasing red cell concentration. If red cells are held constant and lysin varied, the time to reach half-maximal lysis varies directly with lysin but is not strictly proportional. Bacterial membranes were one to three orders of magnitude more effective than red cell stromata as inhibitors. The order of increasing effectiveness seems to be Escherichia coli < Bacillus megaterium < S. faecalis < Micrococcus lysodeikticus. In addition to membranes, a d-alanine containing glycerol teichoic acid, trypsin in high concentration, and deoxyribonuclease also inhibited hemolysis. Ribonuclease, d-alanine, l-alanine, dl-alanyl-dl-alanine, N-acetyl-d-alanine, N-acetyl-l-alanine did not inhibit hemolysis.
Grapevine dormant pruning weight prediction using remotely sensed data

Aerial image analysis was utilised to predict dormant pruning weights between two growing seasons. We utilised an existing in-row spacing trial in order to examine the relationship between dormant pruning weights and remotely sensed data. The experimental vineyard had a constant between-row spacing (2.44 m) and five different in-row spacings (0.91, 1.52, 2.13, 2.74 and 3.35 m) resulting in spatial variation in canopy volume and dormant pruning weights (kg/metre of row). It was shown that the ratio vegetation index (NIR/R) was linearly correlated with field-wide measurements of pruning weight density (dormant pruning weight per metre of canopy) for both the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons (r2 = 0.68 and 0.88, respectively). Additionally, it was shown that the regression parameters remained consistent between the two growing seasons allowing for an inter-annual comparison such that the vegetation index vs canopy parameter relationship determined for the 1998 growing season was used to predict field-wide pruning weight densities in the 1999 growing season prior to harvest.
A Study of Hardness Testing of Elastomers at Low Temperatures

Abstract The spring-actuated instruments are desirable, since instantaneous readings may be obtained. Unfortunately, neither of the Shore instruments (A or D) provides adequate results over the complete range of temperatures for the stocks herein studied. A hardness instrument embodying the indentor point of the Shore-A Durometer with a loading spring requiring 0 to 5 pounds for the scale range would probably be more suitable for low-temperature work. The Pusey and Jones instrument is somewhat difficult to operate at the low temperatures (−60° and −80° F) because of the manner of loading and because of friction between the moving parts. The Olsen instrument provided similar difficulties as far as frosting of the parts was concerned. Some trouble was experienced with this instrument even at −40° F. No results were reported for the Armstrong indentation equipment below −40° F because of the unavailability of conditions below that temperature. On the basis of the information furnished, it appears that the Ma...
Correcting Wavelet Codes Using Interleaving and Trapping

A rate k/n wavelet code, a form of real convolutional code, that encodes k numbers into n numerical code symbols using the present and past input numbers, may be used to transport numerical data with redundancy factor $({\rm n}-{\rm k})$ . Such codes offer detection and correction within roundoff tolerances. Wavelet codes can be processed using two different algebraic representations, vector-matrix or polyphase polynomial. When an interleaver intersperses the code symbols, any burst of errors within the interelaver's frame length, appears in only one component of the polyphase format. A special extended polyphase parity-check matrix exposes the error bursts directly for redundancies greater than 1 or a deconvolver operation achieves the same when the redundancy factor is 1. The trapped errors correct the symbols by subtraction. Simulations verify the effectiveness of this trapping technique.
Hydrocarbon-Water Adsorption and Simulation of Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Traps

Abstract Catalyzed hydrocarbon traps (HC traps) are being developed to provide HC control during the cold start. HC traps are made up of an adsorbent material, such as a zeolite, and a three way catalyst (precious metal based) present on the same monolith to provide trapping and oxidation functions. Traps are typically formulated with a multi-layer washcoat structure with the catalyst layer on top, and the trapping material placed under. The HC traps operate by storing (trapping) the unburned hydrocarbon molecules in the adsorbent material at a lower temperature when adsorption is favored and oxidation does not occur, and subsequently releasing these trapped HCs when the catalyst has heated sufficiently to convert the HCs to carbon dioxide and water. This paper presents the results of a modeling, laboratory and vehicle study on the performance of HC traps. First we present procedure to evaluate trap performance in the laboratory that provides the kinetic parameters for HC adsorption. A mathematical model is presented that can be used to simulate the HC trap. The feedgas to the zeolite trap on vehicle contains both HCs and water, present in the vehicle exhaust. The various HC species and water compete for adsorption on the zeolites. Lab experiments conducted on zeolites to study the competitive adsorption of various HCs and water is presented. Experiments have been conducted where different HCs and water are sequentially adsorbed on the zeolite, and TPD conducted. For modeling, Langmuir isotherm is assumed to represent the adsorption phenomena on the zeolite sites. Exothermic effects of water adsorption on acidic zeolites have been presented. Details on the experiments done to estimate the heat of adsorption of water on zeolites, and the modeling results of water adsorption on zeolites have also been provided.
Computational prospecting the great viral unknown.

Bacteriophage play an important role in host-driven biological processes by controlling bacterial population size, horizontally transferring genes between hosts, and expressing host-derived genes to alter host metabolism. Metagenomics provides the genetic basis for understanding the interplay between uncultured bacteria, their phage, and the environment. In particular, viral metagenomes (viromes) are providing new insight into phage-encoded host genes (i.e., auxiliary metabolic genes; AMGs) that reprogram host metabolism during infection. Yet, despite deep sequencing efforts of viral communities, the majority of sequences have no match to known proteins. Reference-independent computational techniques, such as protein clustering, contig spectra, and ecological profiling are overcoming these barriers to examine both the known and unknown components of viromes. As the field of viral metagenomics progresses, a critical assessment of tools is required as the majority of algorithms have been developed for analyzing bacteria. The aim of this paper is to offer an overview of current computational methodologies for virome analysis and to provide an example of reference-independent approaches using human skin viromes. Additionally, we present methods to carefully validate AMGs from host contamination. Despite computational challenges, these new methods offer novel insights into the diversity and functional roles of phage in diverse environments.
IMPROVED GAS FLOW EQUATION IN LOW PERMEABILITY RESERVOIRS

Darcy's law, the principle law through porous media, put forward one hundred years ago, was derived by experiments with liquid. For gas flow in porous media, a slippage effect exists, especially when pressure is low, or velocity is low or permeability is low. Gas flow equation in porous media with a slippage effect was presented, combining with molecular diffusion theory. It is a theoretical foundation for further study on permeable theory, reservoir engineering, and performance analysis in low gas permeability reservoirs.
Investigating the Financial Awareness and Behaviors of Veterinary Medical Students

A sample of veterinary medical students were administered a modified version of the Financial Fitness Quiz (FFQ) to gain insights about current veterinary students money management behaviors (e.g., developing financial goals, having a spending plan, accumulating savings, etc.). Results demonstrate students possess a general awareness and conscientiousness toward personal finance. In some cases, veterinary students engaged in positive financial behaviors at a higher rate than average consumers in the United States, and most reported having more cash on hand to cover an emergency than average consumers in the United States. While students generally appear to understand the negative impact of debt, results indicate most students do not fully appreciate the value of personal budgeting or annual calculations of net worth.