cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Service learning from the supply side: Community capacity to engage students

The rapid increase in the use of service learning raises important public policy questions about who is being served and whether partner agencies have the capacity to meet student demand for community-based experiences. This article uses a large sample of nonprofit organizations and a comparative framework to examine the characteristics of partner agencies and the scope and nature of college student community involvement. Multivariate analysis tests these factors on a community agency's ability to engage more students, particularly service learners. The findings are generally optimistic about agency willingness to involve students, suggesting widespread community benefits from their involvement. While organizational size and capacity predict current student engagement, an agency's past experience with students and its perceptions of student benefits have the greatest impact on its willingness to take on future students.
Experience, Brain, and Behavior: The Importance of a Head Start

Nature and nurture stand in reciprocity, not opposition. All children inherit-along with their parents' genes-their parents, their peers, and the communities they live in. Development unfolds in an ecologic and a social setting which, just like the genes, is decisive in shaping the organism. The social niche is a crucial link between parents and offspring, an envelope of life chances. It is high time to replace the false dichotomy between nature versus nurture by a more inclusive trio: nature, niche, and nurture. Major brain pathways are specified in the genome, but the learned connections between brain and behavior are fashioned by social experience. The luxuriant overgrowth of neurons and their processes in embryonic and early life provides the substrate for environmentally induced structural change. Activity selects out the synapses that will persist; inactivity results in regression and apoptosis. Learning begins in utero and accelerates after birth. Responsive interactions between infants, their parents, and other caretakers is crucial to biological no less than psychosocial development. Comprehensive pediatric care can help provide a head start to enhance brain development and put the mind on the road to adaptive maturity.
Validity of Estimates of Intraoperative Blood Loss in Pediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery.

Abstract Introduction Intraoperative blood loss is a significant concern in pediatric spinal deformity surgery, and numerous reports exist in the literature regarding this issue. Multiple interventions are used to minimize intraoperative blood loss and subsequent need for blood product replacement during and after these procedures. However, a basic question remains regarding the overall accuracy of intraoperative blood loss measurements used to generate these studies. Materials and Methods We performed an institutional review board–approved study that compared estimated blood loss (EBL) by the anesthesia provider and surgeon after the completion of surgery for pediatric spinal deformity by a single surgeon. We used the estimate by the anesthesia provider that was to be part of the anesthesia record. The surgeon's estimate was generated based on a formula employing the volume of blood products processed by a Cell-Saver device and available for reinfusion. Results We collected data from 51 patients. The mean EBL (surgeon) was 795.84 mL and mean EBL (anesthesia) was 669.30 mL. The mean percent estimated blood volume loss (%EBVL) (surgeon) was 22.9% and mean %EBVL (anesthesia) was 19.8%. Student t -test analysis demonstrated statistical significance between both sets of values (EBL, p=.010; %EBVL, p=.010). Conclusions There was a statistically significant difference in EBL values for this patient sample between the anesthesiologist and orthopedic surgeon; the surgeon's estimates were significantly higher. This difference may be important in interpreting existing studies regarding interventions used to minimize surgical blood loss. In addition, this lack of agreement highlights the need for authors to be more accurate and consistent regarding the source of blood loss data in future clinical studies.
Fault-based attack of RSA authentication

For any computing system to be secure, both hardware and software have to be trusted. If the hardware layer in a secure system is compromised, not only it would be possible to extract secret information about the software, but it would also be extremely hard for the software to detect that an attack is underway. In this work we detail a complete end-to-end fault-attack on a microprocessor system and practically demonstrate how hardware vulnerabilities can be exploited to target secure systems. We developed a theoretical attack to the RSA signature algorithm, and we realized it in practice against an FPGA implementation of the system under attack. To perpetrate the attack, we inject transient faults in the target machine by regulating the voltage supply of the system. Thus, our attack does not require access to the victim system's internal components, but simply proximity to it. The paper makes three important contributions: first, we develop a systematic fault-based attack on the modular exponentiation algorithm for RSA. Second, we expose and exploit a severe flaw on the implementation of the RSA signature algorithm on OpenSSL, a widely used package for SSL encryption and authentication. Third, we report on the first physical demonstration of a fault-based security attack of a complete microprocessor system running unmodified production software: we attack the original OpenSSL authentication library running on a SPARC Linux system implemented on FPGA, and extract the system's 1024-bit RSA private key in approximately 100 hours.
Study of Pyrazole as Copper Corrosion Inhibitor in Alkaline Post Chemical Mechanical Polishing Cleaning Solution

In microelectronics fabrication, post chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) cleaning is required to remove organic contaminants and particles left on copper interconnects after the CMP process. Use of cleaning solutions, however, causes serious reliability issues due to corrosion and recession of the interconnects. In this study, Pyrazole is demonstrated to be a potentially superior Cu corrosion inhibitor for tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH)-based post CMP cleaning solutions at pH 14. Micropattern corrosion screening results and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that 1 mM Pyrazole in 8 wt% TMAH solution inhibits Cu corrosion more effectively than 10 mM benzotriazole (BTA) under same conditions. Moreover, water contact angle measurement results also showed that Pyrazole-treated Cu surfaces are relatively hydrophilic compared to those treated with BTA/TMAH. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis supports Cu-Pyrazole complex formation on the Cu surface. Overall Cu corrosion rate in TMAH-based highly alkaline post CMP cleaning solution is shown to be considerably reduced to less than 1A/min by addition of 1 mM Pyrazole.
Performance analysis of a multiprocessor system model with process communication

This work analyses a multiprocessor system in which processes communicate with each other via buffers using SEND and WAIT operations. Since the buffers are of finite capacity, a process which cannot execute a synchronisation operation successfully must leave the processor and go into the blocking state. The analysis of the multiprocessor system is executed hierarchically using two models - (Global Model and Process Communication Model). The interprocess communication is analysed by using the process communication model, a closed queueing network model with finite station capacities. An analytical method is developed for the solution of the process communication model. The method provides exact results for two-station cases and accurate approximate results for multiple station cases. The blocking probabilities and the blocking times of processes are computed from the process communication model and are used as input parameters for the global model which can then be solved by appropriate existing product form network methods. The performance measures such as utilisation, throughput, mean response time, mean queue length, and in particular, the blocking overhead due to the process communication, are obtained. The analytical results are validated by simulation of the entire system.
THE SAVANT SYNDROME: AN EXTRAORDINARY CONDITION. A SYNOPSIS: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE

Savant syndrome is a rare, but extraordinary, condition in which persons with serious mental disabilities, including autistic disorder, have some ‘island of genius’ which stands in marked, incongruous contrast to overall handicap. As many as one in 10 persons with autistic disorder have such remarkable abilities in varying degrees, although savant syndrome occurs in other developmental disabilities or in other types of central nervous system injury or disease as well. Whatever the particular savant skill, it is always linked to massive memory. This paper presents a brief review of the phenomenology of savant skills, the history of the concept and implications for education and future research.
Oxidation behavior of sintered tubular silicon carbide in pure steam ΙΙ: Weight-loss correlation developments

Abstract Correlations for weight loss rate of pressureless sintered SiC with steam flow velocity, and temperature in pure steam at atmospheric pressure in laminar flow with a velocity range of 0.8–10 m/s and a temperature range of 1140–1500 °C have been developed. While preserving physical significance of non-dimensional numbers dictating boundary layer mass transfer phenomena, the correlations capture boundary layer diffusion effects on the SiO2 volatilization rate, which is affected by flow characteristics at the oxidizing surface. A correlation representing the additive resistances of the mass diffusion in the boundary layer and the volatilization reaction is found to best fit the experimental data. The developed correlations should help understand the SiO2 volatilization mechanism in steam, as well as predicting the lifetime of pressureless sintered SiC in oxidizing environments.
Great Promises of Healthcare Information Technology Deliver Less

Healthcare Information Technology (HIT) continues to hold immense promise for reducing medical errors, collecting instant and vast data from across medical providers, increasing efficiency, improving clinician and patient satisfaction, sharing data, guiding clinicians with up-to-date findings, and facilitating teamwork within and across professions. Yet, almost everywhere clinicians find this technology frustrating and falling short of its promised benefits. In this chapter I examine the reasons for this chasm between promises and reality. In doing so, I review the many benefits of healthcare Information Technology (IT), the origins of electronic health records in both academic and commercial settings, government policies intended to spur the economy and encourage implementation of healthcare IT, the forces influencing those policies, vendor contracts, in addition to the role of the Office of the National Coordinator of Healthcare IT and of other offices in the Bush and Obama administrations. I also explore the barriers to establishing data standards, interoperability, full and transparent evaluations of EHRs and similar technologies, sharing of problematic EHR screen shots, and rapid remediation of healthcare IT-linked difficulties. Healthcare IT, despite its problems, provides many and essential benefits, and will continue to improve. To that end, I offer suggestions for bringing the promise and reality closer together.
Exploring the genetic basis of early-onset chronic kidney disease

The primary causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children differ from those of CKD in adults. In the USA the most common diagnostic groups of renal disease that manifest before the age of 25 years are congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis and renal cystic ciliopathies, which together encompass >70% of early-onset CKD diagnoses. Findings from the past decade suggest that early-onset CKD is caused by mutations in any one of over 200 different monogenic genes. Developments in high-throughput sequencing in the past few years has rendered identification of causative mutations in this high number of genes feasible. Use of genetic analyses in patients with early onset-CKD will provide patients and their families with a molecular genetic diagnosis, generate new insights into disease mechanisms, facilitate aetiology-based classifications of patient cohorts for clinical studies, and might have consequences for personalized approaches to the prevention and treatment of CKD. In this Review, we discuss the implications of next-generation sequencing in clinical genetic diagnostics and the discovery of novel genes in early-onset CKD. We also delineate the resulting opportunities for deciphering disease mechanisms and the therapeutic implications of these findings.
Radioxenon detector calibration spike production and delivery systems

Beta–gamma coincidence radioxenon detectors must be calibrated for each of the four-radioxenon isotopes (135Xe, 133Xe, 133mXe, and 131mXe). Without a proper calibration, there is potential for the misidentification of the amount of each isotope detected. It is important to accurately determine the amount of each radioxenon isotope, as the ratios can be used to distinguish between an anthropogenic source and a nuclear explosion. We have developed a xenon calibration system (XeCalS) that produces calibration spikes of known activity and pressure for field calibration of detectors. We will present results from the development of XeCalS and a portable spike implementation system.
Progressive Insurance War Game

This case invites teams to prepare for a business war game to explore aspects of the competitive dynamics in the auto insurance market. In particular, the case offers opportunities to discuss segmentation strategies, data analysis, and the phenomena of adverse selection and the winners curse. The simulation is conducted as a tournament between four insurance providers, each represented by one competing team of students. In each round of the tournament, competitors simultaneously submit a tagline summarizing the insurers positioning statements and a price per exposure-unit for each of 4,000 customer groups. The case is accompanied by an Excel spreadsheet that provides historical information about the insurance risks of each customer group.
Biotic and abiotic impacts of Double-crested cormorant breeding colonies on forested islands in the southeastern United States

Abstract Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) numbers have increased in North America, and concomitantly cormorants appear to be expanding their nesting range in the southeastern United States. Because colonial nesting waterbirds can impact water quality, soil chemistry and subsequent vegetation succession patterns, our goal was to assess the extent to which cormorant breeding colonies are influencing the biotic and abiotic attributes of forested islands in the southeastern United States. Our objectives were to (1) compare water quality characteristics in near-shore surface waters around forested islands with and without nesting cormorants during the peak-nesting/fledgling period and post-fledgling period, (2) measure soil chemistry parameters for forested islands with and without nesting cormorants, and (3) compare tree health metrics on forested islands with and without nesting cormorants. Our results indicate that cormorant colonies are not significant contributors to general coliforms or Escherichia coli levels in waters surrounding southern breeding colonies. Cormorants also do not appear to have significant direct effects on water chemistry. We did find that cormorant colonies are affecting soil chemistry. Soil from within the nesting colony was more acidic and had greater concentrations of phosphorous than soils on reference islands. In addition, we found evidence that cormorants are negatively affecting tree health within nesting colonies as evidenced by a greater number of trees of lower vigor class within the nesting colonies compared to reference sites. While cormorants do cause abiotic and biotic changes, these are part of the natural ecological processes that occur following waterbird colonization. Management to reduce unwanted impacts that nesting cormorants are having on forested island habitats should be considered within a framework that allows for natural ecological processes, including changes in soil chemistry and subsequent vegetation succession.
Childbearing Experiences Following an HIV Diagnosis in Iringa, Tanzania

People living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to have children after being diagnosed with HIV, yet little research attention has been paid to actual lived childbearing experiences of PLHIV post-HIV diagnosis. We interviewed 10 HIV-positive women and 11 HIV-positive men in Iringa, Tanzania, about their experiences of conceiving and having children after being diagnosed with HIV. We adopted an approach to data analysis based on grounded theory and phenomenology. Participants' experiences were shaped by social and institutional factors. Some participants reported pressures to bear children by partners and relatives, whereas others reported negative reactions from others concerning their pregnancies. Most participants had not discussed having children with a provider before attempting to conceive. Some reported being reprimanded by health providers for getting pregnant without seeking their advice. Consideration of support systems and challenges surrounding the childbearing experiences of PLHIV can help inform reproductive health interventions for those who desire children.
Motion correction for improving the accuracy of dual-energy myocardial perfusion CT imaging

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death globally [1]. Modern cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is highly effective at identifying and assessing coronary blockages associated with CAD. The diagnostic value of this anatomical information can be substantially increased in combination with a non-invasive, low-dose, correlative, quantitative measure of blood supply to the myocardium. While CT perfusion has shown promise of providing such indications of ischemia, artifacts due to motion, beam hardening, and other factors confound clinical findings and can limit quantitative accuracy. In this paper, we investigate the impact of applying a novel motion correction algorithm to correct for motion in the myocardium. This motion compensation algorithm (originally designed to correct for the motion of the coronary arteries in order to improve CCTA images) has been shown to provide substantial improvements in both overall image quality and diagnostic accuracy of CCTA. We have adapted this technique for application beyond the coronary arteries and present an assessment of its impact on image quality and quantitative accuracy within the context of dual-energy CT perfusion imaging. We conclude that motion correction is a promising technique that can help foster the routine clinical use of dual-energy CT perfusion. When combined, the anatomical information of CCTA and the hemodynamic information from dual-energy CT perfusion should facilitate better clinical decisions about which patients would benefit from treatments such as stent placement, drug therapy, or surgery and help other patients avoid the risks and costs associated with unnecessary, invasive, diagnostic coronary angiography procedures.
The Ponderosa Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia zozana, in California (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

The ponderosa pine tip moth occurs in California, Oregon, and Washington. In California it is commonly found along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada up to around 4500 ft elevation. Its preferred hosts are ponderosa pines under 4 ft tall, but it also attacks other pines growing within its range. The species has a 1-year life cycle, overwintering as pupae in cocoons that are most commonly clustered together on the bark at the ground line. It lays eggs mostly on the new shoots in early spring. Larvae are found from April through July. They feed on the elongating shoots, destroying the affected portions. Depending on the amount of feeding damage, lateral shoots assume dominance or new shoots develop from latent buds within needle bundles. The tip moth is a host to at least 1 species of egg parasite and to several other parasites that kill the larvae and pupae.
Complexities in Assessing Marital Beliefs: Illustrations Across College and Non-College Emerging Adults

ABSTRACTAlthough research on marital beliefs has been increasing in recent years due to cultural and behavioral shifts regarding marital transitions, scholarly work dedicated to the measurement of marital beliefs has been limited. Using a sample of 571 college students, the Criteria for Marriage Readiness Scale (CMRS) was assessed to see if results from a previous validation study could be replicated. Results largely replicated previous findings but suggested a shorter and slightly revised version of the CMRS. A sample of 102 individuals with no college experience were then also administered the CMRS to see if measurement remained valid across a noncollege population. Results suggested that the CMRS may not be a valid measurement in this population, and further tests revealed that the college and noncollege samples were not invariant in regards to the factor structure of the CMRS. Implications for the assessment of marital beliefs given the lack of research on noncollege samples is discussed.
Further Observations on Individual Differences of Human Blood.

In a previous communication1 we described an agglutinable factor (M), independent of the blood groups and present in many but not in all human bloods. A somewhat higher incidence of M among colored than white individuals, as indicated by our first results, was confirmed by examination on a larger scale; among 902 white individuals 165 (18.3 per cent), and among 338 colored 95 (28.1 per cent) whose blood reacted negatively. A differentiation of bloods (in the same group) lacking or possessing the factor M, was possible also with dried specimens.The heredity of the property M was studied in more than 100 families. The results are in keeping with the assumption that M is inherited as a mendelian dominant. In the following table the families are arranged in 3 classes according to the presence or absence of the factor M in the parents, and its incidence among the offspring is given.It may be mentioned incidentally that the character2 A1 present in most bloods of group A, seems to be an inheritable quality. For...
Obliv-C: A Language for Extensible Data-Oblivious Computation.

Many techniques for secure or private execution depend on executing programs in a data-oblivious way, where the same instructions execute independent of the private inputs which are kept in encrypted form throughout the computation. Designers of such computations today must either put substantial effort into constructing a circuit representation of their algorithm, or use a high-level language and lose the opportunity to make important optimizations or experiment with protocol variations. We show how extensibility can be improved by judiciously exposing the nature of dataoblivious computation. We introduce a new language that allows application developers to program secure computations without being experts in cryptography, while enabling programmers to create abstractions such as oblivious RAM and width-limited integers, or even new protocols without needing to modify the compiler. This paper explains the key language features that safely enable such extensibility and describes the simple implementation approach we use to ensure security properties are preserved.
Reconstruction of a Pendulous Breast Utilizing a Tissue Expander

We have presented the evolution of our current methods of breast reconstruction, which utilize the tissue expander in a variety of ways. We strongly support the concept that expansion should occur in the subcutaneous layer of the lower thoracic region. It is, after all, the region occupied by a mature breast that has descended normally with age, or one that is relatively large in size. A tissue bank is created that places skin and subcutaneous tissue right where it is needed to ensure that the breast will not appear as a simple mound. The upper pole of the reconstruction has never been the problem in cases in which a relatively normal pectoral musculature has been left following mastectomy. Therefore, whether the expander and implant should be completely "submuscular" is no longer an issue holding back further developments in the field of breast reconstruction utilizing tissue expansion techniques.
A Fast Pressure-Clamp Technique for Studying Mechanogated Channels

Mechanosensitive (MS) membrane ion channels provide a means of transducing cell membrane deformation or stretch into an electrical or ionic signal (Howard et al.,1988; Sokabe and Sachs, 1992). They represent the most recently discovered and least understood of the major channel classes. It is only recently that information on their molecular nature has been provided (for references, see Hamill and McBride, 1994a). Yet MS channels are ubiquitous, being found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes (Martinac, 1993). Although their role in mechanotransduction in sensory cells is evident, in nonsensory cells they have been implicated in diverse mechanosensitive functions (Sachs, 1988). There is a variety of MS channels with different gating (stretch-activated and stretch-inactivated) and ion-selective (Na+/K+, K+, Cl−, etc) properties (Morris, 1990). There also appear to be two broad mechanisms by which mechanosensitivity can be conferred on a channel. These are direct or indirect, according to the way mechanical energy is coupled to the gating mechanism. In direct coupling, mechanical energy acts directly on the channel molecule, and we refer to these as mechanogated (MG) channels. In indirect coupling the channel itself is not MS but is gated by a second messenger that is regulated by a MS enzyme or process (see Ordway et al., 1992).
Piperazine/4-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine for CO2 capture

Abstract Aqueous piperazine (PZ)/4-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidine (HMPD) was rigorously evaluated for CO2 capture from flue gas. CO2 cyclic capacity, CO2 absorption rate, solvent viscosity, solvent volatility, and solid solubility were investigated as a function of the solvent composition. 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD is the composition that offers the best overall performance with more than twice the CO2 cyclic capacity and absorption rate of 7 m MEA. This blend also shows much greater resistance to oxidative degradation than MEA at the same conditions, as well as lower amine volatility. When compared to 5 m PZ, 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD has 40% greater CO2 cyclic capacity, 10% slower absorption rate and 10% greater viscosity. 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD also has much better solid solubility than 5 m PZ, with no precipitation down to −10 °C in the normal range of CO2 loading. The cost of large-scale production of HMPD was also investigated based on current synthesis routes. The capital and energy cost for flue gas CO2 capture using 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD is expected to be much lower than 7 m MEA, and comparable to 5 m PZ.
Assessing Potential Environmental Contamination by Baylisascaris procyonis Eggs from Infected Raccoons in Southern Texas.

Abstract Baylisascaris procyonis is a large ascarid of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and is a zoonotic threat. We documented the potential rate a raccoon population can contaminate their environment with B. procyonis eggs. We estimated the population size of raccoons using a 9 × 7 trapping grid of Havahart traps, identified locations of raccoon scats through systematic searches, and enumerated the distance B. procyonis eggs passively travel from site of origin upon scat decay. During an 8-week capture period, the raccoon population was estimated to be 19.6 ± 1.3 raccoons within the 63-ha study area (1 raccoon/3.2 ha). There were 781 defecation sites, of which 744 (95.3%) were isolated sites and 37 (4.7%) were latrine sites. Fifty-three (6.8%) defecation sites occurred in areas associated with human structures (commensal zone). Of the noncommensal sites, 9 (1.2%) and 719 (98.8%) sites were identified as latrine sites and isolated scats, respectively. More latrine sites were located within the commensal zone (p ...
Comparison of Suture-Based Anchors and Traditional Bioabsorbable Anchors in Foot and Ankle Surgery

We compared the pullout strength of a suture-based anchor versus a bioabsorbable anchor in the distal fibula and calcaneus and evaluated the relationship between bone mineral density and peak load to failure. Eight paired cadaveric specimens underwent a modified Brostrom procedure and Achilles tendon reattachment. The fibula and calcaneus in the paired specimens received either a suture-based anchor or a bioabsorbable suture anchor. The fibular and calcaneal specimens were loaded to failure, defined as a substantial decrease in the applied load or pullout from the bone. In the fibula, the peak load to failure was significantly greater with the suture-based versus the bioabsorbable anchors (133.3 ± 41.8 N versus 76.8 ± 35.3 N; p = .002). No significant difference in load with 5 mm of displacement was found between the 2 groups. In the calcaneus, no difference in the peak load to failure was found between the 2 groups, and the peak load to failure with 5 mm of displacement was significantly lower with the suture-based than with the bioabsorbable anchors (52.2 ± 9.8 N versus 75.9 ± 12.4 N; p = .003). Bone mineral density and peak load to failure were significantly correlated in the fibula with the suture-based anchor. An innovative suture-based anchor had a greater peak load to failure compared with a bioabsorbable anchor in the fibula. In the calcaneus, the load at 5 mm of displacement was significantly lower in the suture-based than in the bioabsorbable group. The correlation findings might indicate the need for a cortical bone shelf with the suture-based anchor. Suture-based anchors could be a viable alternative to bioabsorbable anchors for certain foot and ankle procedures.
Case 2: A gait to remember

A 15-year-old previously healthy girl presented to the general paediatrics clinic for follow-up for inguinal lymphadenitis diagnosed the week before at a local emergency room. Approximately two weeks before the clinic visit, she developed continuous discomfort in her left inguinal area. A few days later, the discomfort progressed to significant pain, and she noticed swelling in the left inguinal area. The pain was so intense that she walked with a limp, favouring her left leg, and had difficulty climbing stairs. She denied any trauma to her pelvic or inguinal area. When seen in the emergency room, an inguinal ultrasound was completed, which revealed an enlarged lymph node, thought to be inflamed, without any evidence of a hernia. The patient was discharged home on a seven-day course of oral cephalexin and a preparation of hydrocodone and acetaminophen, as needed, for pain. Despite completing the course of antibiotics and taking analgesia, the patient did not have any relief of her pain or swelling. The patient denied fevers or other associated symptoms. On physical examination, the patient was found to have a 3 cm 7 cm ill-defined mass in the left inguinal region, without overlying erythema. The mass was tender to palpation, was not pulsatile and was easily reduced by external pressure. On musculoskeletal examination, she had pain with external rotation of the left hip, yet all other hip movements were full and without associated pain. When asked to walk, the patient had an antalgic gait. A further diagnostic test uncovered the source of the problem.
Cardiac Events During Competitive, Recreational, and Daily Activities in Children and Adolescents With Long QT Syndrome.

Background The 2005 Bethesda Conference Guidelines advise patients with long QT syndrome against competitive sports. We assessed cardiac event rates during competitive and recreational sports, and daily activities among treated long QT syndrome patients. Methods and Results Long QT syndrome patients aged ≥4 years treated with anti‐adrenergic therapy were included. Demographics included mechanism of presentation, corrected QT interval pretreatment, symptom history, medication compliance, and administration of QT‐prolonging medications. Corrected QT interval ≥550 ms or prior cardiac arrest defined high risk. Sports were categorized by cardiovascular demand per the 2005 Bethesda Conference Guidelines. Each was classified as recreational or competitive. One hundred seventy‐two patients (90; 52% female) with median age 15.2 years (interquartile range 11.4, 19.4) were included. Evaluation was performed for family history (102; 59%), incidental finding (34; 20%), and symptoms (36; 21%). Median corrected QT interval was 474 ms (interquartile range 446, 496) and 14 patients (8%) were deemed high risk. Treatment included β‐blockers (171; 99%), implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (27; 16%), left cardiac sympathetic denervation (7; 4%), and pacemaker (3; 2%). Sports participation was recreational (66; 38%) or competitive (106; 62%), with 92 (53%) exercising against the Bethesda Conference Guidelines. There were no cardiac events in competitive athletes and no deaths. There were 13 cardiac events in 9 previously symptomatic patients during either recreational exercise or activities of daily life. Conclusions In this cohort of appropriately managed children with long QT syndrome, cardiac event rates were low and occurred during recreational but not competitive activities. This study further supports the need for increased assessment of arrhythmia risk during exercise in this patient population.
Location specific solidification microstructure control in electron beam melting of Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract Relationships between prior beta grain size in solidified Ti-6Al-4V and melting process parameters in the Electron Beam Melting (EBM) process are investigated. Samples are built by varying a machine-dependent proprietary speed function to cover the process space. Optical microscopy is used to measure prior beta grain widths and assess the number of prior beta grains present in a melt pool in the raster region of the build. Despite the complicated evolution of beta grain sizes, the beta grain width scales with melt pool width. The resulting understanding of the relationship between primary machine variables and prior beta grain widths is a key step toward enabling the location specific control of as-built microstructure in the EBM process. Control of grain width in separate specimens and within a single specimen is demonstrated.
Beyond acknowledgement of whiteness: Teaching white theatre teachers to examine their racial identity

While some US public school theatre programs seek to move away from an annual token play of color, the white canon persists. This reflexive essay examines one professor’s pedagogical approaches in ...
In silico evidence for sequence-dependent nucleosome sliding

Nucleosomes represent the basic building block of chromatin and provide an important mechanism by which cellular processes are controlled. The locations of nucleosomes across the genome are not random but instead depend on both the underlying DNA sequence and the dynamic action of other proteins within the nucleus. These processes are central to cellular function, and the molecular details of the interplay between DNA sequence and nucleosome dynamics remain poorly understood. In this work, we investigate this interplay in detail by relying on a molecular model, which permits development of a comprehensive picture of the underlying free energy surfaces and the corresponding dynamics of nucleosome repositioning. The mechanism of nucleosome repositioning is shown to be strongly linked to DNA sequence and directly related to the binding energy of a given DNA sequence to the histone core. It is also demonstrated that chromatin remodelers can override DNA-sequence preferences by exerting torque, and the histone H4 tail is then identified as a key component by which DNA-sequence, histone modifications, and chromatin remodelers could in fact be coupled.
Contemporary Crime and the American Indian: a Survey and Analysis of the Literature

The literature on American Indian crime is a small, but diverse lot. In this paper studies of contemporary Indian crime and criminal justice are reviewed andc analyzed. Each study is presented acco...
Behavioral state modulates the ON visual motion pathway of Drosophila

The behavioral state of an animal can dynamically modulate visual processing. In flies, the behavioral state is known to alter the temporal tuning of neurons that carry visual motion information into the central brain. However, where this modulation occurs and how it tunes the properties of this neural circuit are not well understood. Here, we show that the behavioral state alters the baseline activity levels and the temporal tuning of the first directionally selective neuron in the ON motion pathway (T4) as well as its primary input neurons (Mi1, Tm3, Mi4, Mi9). These effects are especially prominent in the inhibitory neuron Mi4, and we show that central octopaminergic neurons provide input to Mi4 and increase its excitability. We further show that octopamine neurons are required for sustained behavioral responses to fast-moving, but not slow-moving, visual stimuli in walking flies. These results indicate that behavioral-state modulation acts directly on the inputs to the directionally selective neurons and supports efficient neural coding of motion stimuli.
Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Fifth Edition

(2005). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Fifth Edition. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 251-252.
How Does Botrytis cinerea Infect Red Raspberry

Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold, is one of the most important pathogens affecting raspberry in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and worldwide. Fungicides are currently applied to control the disease starting from 5 to 10% bloom and continuing on a calendar basis throughout the season rather than according to inoculum level or infection risk primarily because the disease cycle on red raspberry is poorly understood. Botrytis cinerea was isolated from raspberry flowers and fruit sampled at seven developmental stages during each of 2015 and 2016 in a northwestern Washington raspberry field untreated with fungicides. Incidence of colonization of flowers was low (15% of total sampled flowers), but increased as fruit developed, and peaked in mature fruit (67% of total sampled fruit). In the early stages of flower development, B. cinerea recovery was greatest from the carpel (80% of carpels colonized) compared with other floral organs. As fruit matured, additional floral parts were colonized by B. cinerea, possibly facilitating secondary internal or external infections of mature fruit. Average weekly minimum air temperature, average weekly night air temperature, cumulative rain, average weekly leaf wetness percentage, and duration of leaf wetness >90% were significantly positively correlated with B. cinerea colonization of raspberry in NW Washington during two seasons of this study. Our data does not support the hypothesis that the bloom period is the critical window for B. cinerea colonization of red raspberry and suggest that later colonization of developing fruit may be more important for gray mold development on raspberry. The outcomes of this research provide useful information for improvement of gray mold disease management strategies for red raspberry in NW Washington and elsewhere.
Not all Codes are Created Equal: The Software Engineering Code of Ethics, a Success Story

There has been a transition in the way software developers work. Mistakes in software have been treated as "normal" occurrences. "All software has bugs." However, software engineering is an emerging profession which as a profession has now said that a caviler approach to software errors is unacceptable. They have asserted a very strong ethical position in the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice, a position which mandates concern for all those affected by their work. The Code has several unique elements as a professional Code.
Color Vision Defects

The human retina contains two classes of photoreceptors, rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision in dim light, whereas cones mediate vision in bright light and enable the perception of color. Individuals with normal color vision have three types of cone photoreceptors; the short wave-sensitive or blue , middle wave-sensitive or green and long wave-sensitive or red cones. Individuals with severe color vision defects usually either have nonfunctional red (protanopes) or green (deuteranopes) cone photoreceptors. Such individuals have dichromatic rather than trichromatic color vision. Those with milder color vision defects usually have either their red or green cone photoreceptor pigments replaced by an anomalous pigment with altered spectral sensitivity. Such individuals, therefore, have protanomalous or deuteranomalous trichromatic color vision. A wide variation in the ability to discriminate between colors exists among individuals with defective color vision. Subtle variation in color perception also exists among individuals with normal color vision. Significant advances have been made during the last 25 years toward understanding the molecular and genetic bases of variation in both defective and normal color vision. In this chapter, genotype to phenotype relationships in normal color vision and in the various classes of defective color vision will be reviewed. Emphasis will be placed on redgreen color vision defects since they are by far the most common. Recent reviews on this topic have been published and are recommended for additional reading.
The role of collagen in bladder filling.

Under normal circumstances, the bladder fills with little or no increase in intravesical pressure. When the volume capacity is reached, afferent signals, likely from stretch receptors associated with nerve endings, trigger the micturition reflex. The bladder then systematically empties and a new filling cycle begins. During each cycle, there must be a close integration of tension generating (muscle cells or “active” elements) with tension bearing and elastic elements (collagen and elastin), that are passive structural components.
Hierarchical Characterization and Nanomechanical Assessment of Biomimetic Scaffolds Mimicking Lamellar Bone via Atomic Force Microscopy Cantilever-Based Nanoindentation

The hierarchical structure of bone and intrinsic material properties of its two primary constituents, carbonated apatite and fibrillar collagen, when being synergistically organized into an interpenetrating hard-soft composite, contribute to its excellent mechanical properties. Lamellar bone is the predominant structural motif in mammalian hard tissues; therefore, we believe the fabrication of a collagen/apatite composite with a hierarchical structure that emulates bone, consisting of a dense lamellar microstructure and a mineralized collagen fibril nanostructure, is an important first step toward the goal of regenerative bone tissue engineering. In this work, we exploit the liquid crystalline properties of collagen to fabricate dense matrices that assemble with cholesteric organization. The matrices were crosslinked via carbodiimide chemistry to improve mechanical properties, and are subsequently mineralized via the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process to promote intrafibrillar mineralization. Neither the crosslinking procedure nor the mineralization affected the cholesteric collagen microstructures; notably, there was a positive trend toward higher stiffness with increasing crosslink density when measured by cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation. In the dry state, the average moduli of moderately (X51; 4.8 ± 4.3 GPa) and highly (X76; 7.8 ± 6.7 GPa) crosslinked PILP-mineralized liquid crystalline collagen (LCC) scaffolds were higher than the average modulus of bovine bone (5.5 ± 5.6 GPa).
A Second Look at the Kinetics of the Iron–Oxygen Reaction: Determination of the Total Order Using a Greener Approach

The oxidation of iron is an important reaction due to its high economic impact. In this laboratory exploration, the total order of this reaction was determined using commercially available handwarmer packets that rely on the iron–oxygen reaction to generate heat. The active ingredient in the handwarmer packet is iron, which interacts with atmospheric oxygen once the packet is open to the atmosphere. Vernier oxygen gas sensor probes were used to monitor the oxygen in the reaction cell as a function of time. Transferrable skills, such as graphing and data analysis using spreadsheet software, were reinforced during data analysis. The experiment is simple to set up, uses materials that have no known hazards (hence a green chemistry approach), and provides students an opportunity to engage with a commonly used household product to investigate the kinetics of an important and familiar reaction.
Indirect effects of negative body talk on eating, exercise, and expectations about steroids in a sample of at-risk adult men.

Given the lean and muscular male body ideal, men’s body concerns and negative body talk (i.e., fat talk and muscle talk) tend to focus on muscularity and fat. It remains to be seen how men’s negative body talk and appearance concerns relate to unhealthy eating and exercise symptoms and attitudes abo
Autonomous screening of groundwater remediation technologies in the subsurface using the In Situ Microcosm Array (ISMA).

Abstract The groundwater remediation industry continues to progress towards less expensive, more sustainable in situ remedies. However, in situ treatment requires site-specific performance data that can be difficult or impossible to obtain using conventional laboratory microcosm studies. To improve the representativeness of laboratory scale treatability studies, and aid in remedial technology implementation, we developed the In Situ Microcosm Array (ISMA). This autonomous diagnostic device enables the deployment of 10 flow-through sediment columns within a standard 10-cm groundwater-monitoring well. Suspended at the desired aquifer depth, the fully encapsulated ISMA meters groundwater directly from the aquifer to microcosms containing competing remedial technologies. Field demonstrations of the instrument were performed in two aquifers contaminated, respectively, with trichloroethylene and hexavalent chromium, and with perchlorate. A cost assessment positions ISMA deployment costs within the range of conventional laboratory treatability studies. Results demonstrate the ISMA’s utility to perform cost-effective, high-throughput, screenings of multiple intervention strategies in the field, without impacting the subsurface environment examined.