cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Target-specific control of lymphoid-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp) activity.

Lymphoid-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp), a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily of enzymes, is an important mediator of human-leukocyte signaling. Lyp has also emerged as a potential anti-autoimmune therapeutic target, owing to the association of a Lyp-activating mutation with an array of autoimmune disorders. Toward the goal of generating a selective inhibitor of Lyp activity that could be used for investigating Lyp’s roles in cell signaling and autoimmune-disease progression, here we report that Lyp’s PTP domain can be readily sensitized to target-specific inhibition by a cell-permeable small molecule. Insertion of a tetracysteine-motif-containing peptide at a conserved position in Lyp’s catalytic domain generated a mutant enzyme (Lyp-CCPGCC) that retains activity comparable to that of wild-type Lyp in the absence of added ligand. Upon addition of a tetracysteine-targeting biarsenical compound (FlAsH), however, the activity of the Lyp-CCPGCC drops dramatically, as assayed with either small-molecule or phosphorylated-peptide PTP substrates. We show that FlAsH-induced Lyp-CCPGCC inhibition is potent, specific, rapid, and independent of the nature of the PTP substrate used in the inhibition assay. Moreover, we show that FlAsH can be used to specifically target overexpressed Lyp-CCPGCC in a complex proteomic mixture. Since the mammalian-cell permeability of FlAsH is well established, it is likely that FlAsH-mediated inhibition of Lyp-CCPGCC will be useful for specifically targeting Lyp activity in engineered leukocytes and autoimmune-disease models.
System reliability prediction based on historical data

This paper describes the development and implementation of a computerized reliability prediction model at the IBM facility located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Through the analysis of historical life-test data, the model provides maximum likelihood estimates of the assumed Weibull life distributions of various types of components. The resulting component life distribution estimates are used to predict the reliability of new system configurations. This approach is based upon the well-known theory of competing risks. Our model, however, is unique in that it allows for the analysis of a pooled set of life data, i.e. life data from different types of systems, to obtain component estimates. This feature greatly generalizes the competing risks framework and hence offers advantages over the more traditional approach. We present the model and discuss various issues that were found to be critical to its successful implementation at IBM.
An insertion mutation in the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus results in temperature-sensitive pol maturation and viral replication.

Abstract An insertion mutation in the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) was found to render the virus temperature-sensitive for replication. A provirus containing a 12-bp insertion at the boundary between the reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) domains induced the formation of mutant virions containing a partially processed RT-IN fusion protein. Some proteolytic processing to form mature RT and IN was observed at 32°, but only aberrantly processed proteins were detected at 39°. The uncleaved precursor was found to exhibit DNA polymerase activity, even though it could not support replication of the virus in vivo at 39°.
Recognition of Coal and Gangue Based on X-Ray

In this paper,a recognition method of coal and gangue based on x-ray is studied. With the different density , the coal and gangue on a belt can be detected by x-ray. After penetrated by x-ray, with the acquisition of ray signal and image analysis, the gangue can be accurately distinguished from the coal. As a result, the quality of coal is improved. Proved by experiment, this method is more efficient and accurate than other methods.
Triplet vs Singlet Energy Transfer in Organic Semiconductors: The Tortoise and the Hare

Current bilayer organic photovoltaics cannot be made thick enough to absorb all incident solar radiation because of the short diffusion lengths (≈10 nm) of singlet excitons. Thus, the diffusion length sets an upper bound on the efficiency of these devices. By contrast, triplet excitons can have very long diffusion lengths (as large as 10 μm) in organic solids, leading some to speculate that triplet excitonic solar cells could be more efficient than their singlet counterparts. In this paper, we examine the nature of singlet and triplet exciton diffusion. We demonstrate that although there are fundamental physical upper bounds on the distance singlet excitons can travel by hopping, there are no corresponding limits on triplet diffusion lengths. This conclusion strongly supports the idea that triplet diffusion should be more controllable than singlet diffusion in organic photovoltaics. To validate our predictions, we model triplet diffusion by purely ab inito means in various crystals, achieving good agreeme...
Gender, Symptom Experience, and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practices Among Cancer Survivors in the U.S. Cancer Population

Purpose/objectives To identify relationships among gender, physical and psychological symptoms (pain, insomnia, fatigue, and depression), and use of specific complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practices among survivors in the U.S. cancer population. Design Secondary analysis of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The CAM Healthcare Model, an extension of the Behavioral Model for Health Services Use, guided the study. Setting United States. Sample 2,262 adults (aged 18 years and older) diagnosed with cancer representing more than 14.3 million cancer survivors in the United States . Methods NHIS interview data on use of CAM practices (diet, yoga, tai chi, qigong, meditation, guided imagery, relaxation, and deep breathing) were examined in relationship to gender and symptoms. Analysis was conducted using Stata 9.2 software for population estimation. Binary logistic regression, the primary statistical model employed in the analysis, focused on between-subject differences in practice use. Main research variables Dichotomous outcome variables included use of at least one CAM practice and use of specific individual CAM practices. Independent variables included gender, age, education, race, provider contact, cancer diagnosis, pain, insomnia, fatigue, depression, and health status. Findings CAM practice use was more prevalent among female, middle-aged, Caucasian, and well-educated subjects. Pain, depression, and insomnia were strong predictors of practice use, with differences noted by gender and practice type. Conclusions CAM practices are widely used in the U.S. cancer population, especially among women. Symptom experience influences likelihood of use, with increased odds when men report symptoms. Implications for nursing Study findings inform oncology nurses on the benefits of integrating self-care CAM practices in relationship to gender into the symptom management care plan for cancer survivors. Findings reported in this study will help guide future CAM practice intervention studies.
A Survey of Contingent‐Claims Approaches to Risky Debt Valuation

This article surveys available research on the contingent‐claims approach to risky debt valuation. The author describes both the structural and reduced form versions of contingent claims models and summarizes both the theoretical and empirical research in this area. Relative to the progress made in the theory of risky debt valuation, empirical validation of these models lags far behind. This survey highlights the increasing gap between the theoretical valuation and the empirical understanding of risky debt.
Monte Carlo calculations of few-body and light nuclei

A major goal in nuclear physics is to understand how nuclear structure comes about from the underlying interactions between nucleons. This requires modelling nuclei as collections of strongly interacting particles. Using realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials, supplemented with consistent three-nucleon potentials and two-body electroweak current operators, variational Monte Carlo methods are used to calculate nuclear ground-state properties, such as the binding energy, electromagnetic form factors, and momentum distributions. Other properties such as excited states and low-energy reactions are also calculable with these methods.
A coverage algorithm for a class of non-convex regions

The paper describes a framework for solving the coverage problem for a class of non-convex domains. In we have shown how a diffeomorphism can be used to transform a non-convex coverage problem to a convex one to which the Lloyd?s algorithm can be applied. In this paper we show how a diffeomorphism can be constructed for convex regions with obstacles in its interior, so that the solution of the transformed problem yields the solution of the original non-convex problem. As part of this investigation we also identify stationary points of the Lloyd?s algorithm in non-convex domains. We provide the formal analysis of the approach and demonstrate its effectiveness through simulations.
Carbofuran degradation in soil profiles.

Abstract Two soils, Puyallup fine sandy loam from Puyallup, WA, and Ellzey fine sand from Hastings, FL, each with a prior history of carbofiiran exposure but with different pedological and climatological characteristics, were found to exhibit enhanced degradation toward carbofiiran in surface and subsurface soil layers. The treated Puyallup and Ellzey soils exhibited higher mineralization rates for both the carbonyl and the aromatic ring of carbofiiran when compared to untreated soils. Disappearance rates of [14C‐URL (uniformly ring labeled)] carbofiiran in the treated Ellzey soil was faster than in untreated soil, and also faster in surface soil than in subsurface soil. Initial degradation patterns in the treated Ellzey soil were also different from those in the untreated soil. The treated Ellzey soil degraded carbofuran mainly through biological hydrolysis, while untreated soil degraded carbofuran through both oxidative and hydrolytic processes.
Advances in understanding bone cancer pain

Experimental animal models of bone cancer pain have emerged and findings have provided a unique glimpse into unraveling the mechanism that drives this debilitating condition. Key contributors to the generation and maintenance of bone cancer pain are tumor-induced osteolysis, tumor itself, and production of nociceptive mediators in the bone-tumor microenvironment.
Performance analysis of random access multiuser algorithms for packets with different priorities

Each of the generated packets can have two different priorities (high- and low-priority packets). High-priority packets are assumed to have a more restrictive delay requirement than low priority ones. For such a system, the authors propose a class of synchronous random-access algorithms which use a small portion of the channel capacity for the announcements of the existence of high- or low-priority packets. The stability and throughput-delay performances of the algorithms are determined analytically for the cases when one or two minislots are used. Representative performance results are given and compared with a similar algorithm which does not use minislots. The algorithms give a delay advantage to the high-priority packet class without adversely affecting the delays of the low-priority packets. The algorithms use binary C-NC (collision versus noncollision) feedback, and the maximum throughput is 0.487 when two minislots are used. >
Modeling the behavior of the S&P 500 index: a neural network approach

The October 1987 stock market crash challenged the prevailing financial models of a random walk and led to the emergence of a new and competing model of stock price time series. This new approach supports a nonrandom underlying structure and is labeled chaotic dynamics. If a neural network can be constructed which determines market prices better than the random walk model, it would support those who claim that they have found statistical evidence that a chaotic dynamics structure underlies the market. This paper constructs a neural network which lends support to the deterministic paradigm. >
Resonant negative ion states of H2O as observed by measurement of the OH(A 2Σ → X 2Π) emission following near-threshold electron impact

Abstract The core-excited negative ion resonances in H 2 O, first observed by Sanche and Schulz, have been identified in both the (0-0) and (1-0) bands of the OH(A 2 Σ → X 2 Π) emission following near-threshold electron impact. These observations allow limits to be placed on the energy of the predissociating state.
High Reynolds Number, Unsteady, Multiphase CFD Modeling of Cavitating Flows

A preconditioned, homogeneous, multiphase, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes model with mass transfer is presented. The model is preconditioned in order to obtain good convergence and accuracy regardless of phasic density ratio or flow velocity. Engineering relevant validative unsteady two and three-dimensional results are given. A demonstrative three-dimensional, three-field (liquid, vapor, noncondensable gas) transient is also presented. In modeling axisymmetric cavitators at zero angle-of-attack with 3-D unsteady RANS, significant asymmetric flow features are obtained
Multiple simultaneous perineural infusions for postoperative analgesia in adolescents in an outpatient setting

We report a case series of five adolescents who were managed with dual simultaneous perineural infusions after orthopaedic surgery on an outpatient basis. Adolescents undergoing orthopaedic procedures involving more than one extremity or nerve distribution can be managed after operation with multiple catheters. Use of low concentrations of local anaesthetic infusions along with good patient and family education and close follow-up by a dedicated paediatric pain management team can make this feasible in an outpatient setting.
Cluster analysis of wind turbines of large wind farm

Understanding the dynamics of the power output of a wind farm is important to the integration of large scale wind energy into the power system. In a large complex dynamic engineering system, such as a wind farm, clustering is an effective way to reduce the model complexity and improve the understanding of its local dynamics.
Widespread fluid expulsion on a translational continental margin: Mud volcanoes, fault zones, headless canyons, and organic-rich substrate in Monterey Bay, California

Remotely operated vehicle (ROV)-based mapping of tectonic features, zones of anomalous reflectivity, and geomorphic targets in Monterey Bay, California, demonstrates the regional abundance of fluid expulsion along the active transform margin between the Pacific and North American plates. Cold seeps—extant communities characterized by chemosynthetic bivalves, bacterial mats, and rare tubeworms—are the surface manifestations of present-day fluid expulsion of sulfide- and methane-rich fluids, whereas slabs, veins, and chimneys of authigenic carbonate represent regions of either dormant methane-rich fluid expulsion, or areas where the present rate of flow is too low to support chemosynthetic fauna. We have found both active and dormant fluid seepage along fault zones, at the surface expression of mud volcanoes, on organic-rich or permeable substrate, and within headless canyons across a wide range of depths within Monterey Bay. The fluid egress at these sites may be driven by a combination of (1) pore-space reduction caused by rapid sedimentation and/or tectonic compaction related to residual Pacific–North America compression, and (2) increased buoyancy due to a decrease in pore-fluid density related to diagenesis and/or catagenesis at depth. Although provocative, the relationship between topographically driven aquifer discharge and sea-floor fluid expulsion remains speculative for Monterey Bay. The widespread distribution of fluid expulsion features controlled by a variety of conduits in Monterey Bay implies that cold seeps may be common features on translational margins.
Repair of oxidative DNA damage by amino acids

Guanyl radicals, the product of the removal of a single electron from guanine, are produced in DNA by the direct effect of ionizing radiation. We have produced guanyl radicals in DNA by using the single electron oxidizing agent (SCN)2-, itself derived from the indirect effect of ionizing radiation via thiocyanate scavenging of OH. We have examined the reactivity of guanyl radicals in plasmid DNA with the six most easily oxidized amino acids cysteine, cystine, histidine, methionine, tryptophan and tyrosine and also simple ester and amide derivatives of them. Cystine and histidine derivatives are unreactive. Cysteine, methionine, tyrosine and particularly tryptophan derivatives react to repair guanyl radicals in plasmid DNA with rate constants in the region of approximately 10(5), 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) dm3 mol(-1) s(-1), respectively. The implication is that amino acid residues in DNA binding proteins such as histones might be able to repair by an electron transfer reaction the DNA damage produced by the direct effect of ionizing radiation or by other oxidative insults.
Viewing direction estimation based on 3D eyeball construction for HRI

Natural human-robot interaction requires leveraging viewing direction information in order to recognize, respond to, and even emulate human behavior. Knowledge of the eye gaze and point of regard gives us insight into what the subject is interested in and/or who the subject is addressing. In this paper, we present a novel eye gaze estimation approach for point-of-regard (PoG) tracking. To allow for greater head pose freedom, we introduce a new calibration approach to find the 3D eyeball location, eyeball radius, and fovea position. To estimate gaze direction, we map both the iris center and iris contour points to the eyeball sphere (creating a 3D iris disk), giving us the optical axis. We then rotate the fovea accordingly and compute our final, visual axis gaze direction. Our intention is to integrate this eye gaze approach with a dual-camera system we have developed that detects the face and eyes from a fixed, wide-angle camera and directs another active pan-tilt-zoom camera to focus in on this eye region. The final system will permit natural, non-intrusive, pose-invariant PoG estimation in distance and allow user translational freedom without resorting to infrared equipment or complex hardware setups.
How to characterize disorder

Abstract Researchers working on nuclear materials encounter disorder in the atomic structure all the time, usually caused by irradiation. The nature of disorder varies widely, from lattice defects to amorphous phase formation. Generally it is not easy to characterize the state of disorder with the accuracy necessary to elucidate the properties caused by structural disorder. However, owing to advances in the tools of characterization and rapid rise in computer power, significant progress has been made in characterizing structural disorder. We discuss how to describe and determine the structure and dynamics of disordered materials using scattering measurements and modeling. Lattice defects caused by irradiation usually has negative effects on properties, but glasses and highly disordered materials can be irradiation resistant, and could be useful as nuclear materials. Characterizing and controlling disorder is becoming an important endeavor in the field of nuclear materials.
Entrepreneurship and development in Asia

Both theory and evidence suggest that entrepreneurial activity can be a source of job creation and economic growth. Governments and international development organisations have initiated numerous programmes to stimulate and support entrepreneurs in both developing and developed countries of Asia. Many such programmes are focused on the very poor. Large public and private investments have been made. This paper reviews some of the theory and evidence about the role of entrepreneurial activity in economic development and poverty alleviation. The relationship is shown to be complex – entrepreneurial activity appears to be neither necessary nor sufficient for economic development to occur. Possible explanations of the role of entrepreneurship in economic development are discussed to suggest future research.
Cryosurgical Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer (Stages T1 to T4): Preliminary Results

AbstractPurpose: We determined the posttreatment biopsy results, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and complications associated with cryosurgical ablation of the prostate performed for localized prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Within 18 months 102 patients underwent cryosurgery as definitive therapy for localized prostate cancer. Mean patient age was 68 years and 57 percent had advanced local disease (stage T3 or T4). Mean preoperative PSA was 21.8 ng./ml.Results: PSA was undetectable at 6 months in 48 percent of patients who received no androgen deprivation therapy following cryosurgery. Of 91 patients with postoperative biopsies 77 percent had no evidence of cancer but 71 percent had benign epithelial elements. The complication rate (excluding impotence) was 51 percent. Biopsy and PSA results improved with experience and changes in technique, that is double freezing, more lateral placement of cryoprobes and more aggressive freezing beyond the prostatic capsule. The most recent cohort of 77 p...
The Accounting Teacher's Page

(1950). The Accounting Teacher's Page. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 124-124.
Colobomas of the Iris in a Flock of Rosecomb Bantam Chickens

Abstract A defect in the pupil shape of rosecomb bantam chickens was noticed by a breeder. The pupil in affected birds appeared to be elongated at the lower margin and consistent with a coloboma of the iris. Upon examination of all birds in the flock, the defect was found in 26% of females and 9% of males. Examination of breeders older than 1 yr led to the discovery of colobomas, although there were not enough birds to accurately determine the prevalence of the problem for previous generations. Affected birds were examined for other lesions, and none were found. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) eggs were incubated and hatched with eggs from the affected flock as sentinels. No SPF chicks developed colobomas of the iris, while 37% of the bantams in the same hatch were affected. This experiment eliminated many possible infectious agents and incubator or brooder malfunction as causes of this eye lesion. An analysis of the flock pedigree suggested that the defect might be inherited and might be related either to f...
H+ secretion is inhibited by clostridial toxins in an inner medullary collecting duct cell line.

Renal epithelial cell H+secretion is an exocytic-endocytic phenomenon. In the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cell line, which we have utilized as a model of renal epithelial cell acid secre...
The 'Imperial Gold Coast': African Visions of Empire and Their International Context

The early history of British colonial presence in the Gold Coast was largely characterized by debates and disagreements between metropolitan authorities and local representatives, as well as ambivalence over goals, policies and procedures. This process was informed by the participation of African intellectuals who took it upon themselves to make a case for what they saw as the best ways for the Gold Coast to become part of the British Empire. This paper will examine the works of two talented writers of this period, John Mensah-Sarbah and Joseph Casely-Hayford, and their contributions to these discussions. More specifically, this paper will argue that the ideas of these men were not just informed by the need to incorporate African interests and ideas in the process of establishing a new socio-political structure. Their writings reveal that they were also influenced by their knowledge of how societies such as Japan, India and Australia were brought under British influence. Ultimately, this paper would contend that African visions of the Gold Coast as it was being incorporated into British empire were in no way parochial or narrowly nationalistic, but informed by a rich and layered understanding of the history of the empire itself.
The Limits of Indirect Appropriability in Markets for Copiable Goods

An extensive literature has developed that argues that in many settings the social welfare costs of copying or piracy are limited because of the presence of indirect appropriability. Indirect appropriability is the idea that original good producers can appropriate some of the value derived by the consumers of copies because of the return that buyers of original units receive from allowing copies to be made. In this paper we discuss the limitations of indirect appropriability, where the two we focus on are the "flooding" of the copy market and substitutability between new units and copies. We also discuss the ramifications of our analysis for real world markets.
Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa is less than 1 %: data from a US sample

Orthorexia nervosa, or pathological dieting based on being “healthy,” has been of growing interest. Clinical data are limited to less than a half-dozen case studies reporting instances of medical problems due to healthful eating. However, more than a dozen studies using a measure to identify orthorexia, the ORTO-15, report very high prevalence rates in non-clinical samples. Point prevalence rates are reported from 6 % to nearly 90 %. Such variability could be due to cultural issues or psychometric problems with the instrument. This study examines prevalence rate of orthorexia in a US sample. The ORTO-15 was administered to 275 US college students along with other questions regarding diet, exercise, and health. While the ORTO-15 indicated a prevalence rate of 71 %, only 20 % of the sample endorsed a dietary practice of removing a particular food type (e.g. meat) from their diet. Those who endorsed following a vegan diet had the highest (less pathological) mean ORTO-15 score. Further, when classifying participants based on their seriousness about healthy eating and whether their diet had led to impairment in everyday activities and medical problems, less than 1 % of the sample fell into such a category. As in other countries, a large proportion of a non-clinical US sample scored in the orthorexia range on the ORTO-15. However, this instrument is likely unable to distinguish between healthy eating and pathologically healthful eating. Our estimate is that orthorexia nervosa like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, is not a common condition.
A Talmudic Approach to the Area of a Circle

Most elementary approaches to proving that the area of a circle is iirr2 employ various sorts of approximation techniques. For example, the circle is repeatedly bisected by diameters until the resulting sections resemble triangles which when placed together yield the desired result [1, pp. 466-467], or by showing that a circle becomes indistinguishable from a regular polygon as the number of sides increases [2, p. 22]. The primary objection to these methods lies in the fact that a certain degree of mathematical sophistication is required to appreciate the concept of the limiting triangle or limiting regular polygon, and this is especially difficult to convey to students who are not familiar with the limit concept in calculus. An imaginative technique which avoids this pitfall and is readily reproduceable with simple props in a classroom can be found in the commentaries of the Talmud (Tosfos Pesachim 109a, Tosfos Succah 8a, Marsha Babba Bathra 27a), where the need for explaining geometrical formulas to people lacking in mathematical sophistication was paramount. Consider a circle of radius r as being composed of a large number of smaller concentric circles (strings), evenly spaced from each other, starting from the center of the circle (a point) and emanating outwards. If one were then to slice the circle from the top to the origin along a radius and pull each of the strings taut parallel to the bottom tangent of the circle (FIGURE 1) while still maintaining the
The Structural Attributes of Press Freedom: Private Ownership, Public Orientation, and Editorial Independence

The paper explores various manifestations of the public/private distinction in the context of freedom of the press, identifying content-neutral attributes of private ownership, private editorial judgment, public audience, and public orientation that serve as structural premises of press freedom, and then applies these ideas to the interests in privacy reflected in the privacy tort and newsgathering.
The Role of Genome Accessibility in Transcription Factor Binding in Bacteria

ChIP-seq enables genome-scale identification of regulatory regions that govern gene expression. However, the biological insights generated from ChIP-seq analysis have been limited to predictions of binding sites and cooperative interactions. Furthermore, ChIP-seq data often poorly correlate with in vitro measurements or predicted motifs, highlighting that binding affinity alone is insufficient to explain transcription factor (TF)-binding in vivo. One possibility is that binding sites are not equally accessible across the genome. A more comprehensive biophysical representation of TF-binding is required to improve our ability to understand, predict, and alter gene expression. Here, we show that genome accessibility is a key parameter that impacts TF-binding in bacteria. We developed a thermodynamic model that parameterizes ChIP-seq coverage in terms of genome accessibility and binding affinity. The role of genome accessibility is validated using a large-scale ChIP-seq dataset of the M. tuberculosis regulatory network. We find that accounting for genome accessibility led to a model that explains 63% of the ChIP-seq profile variance, while a model based in motif score alone explains only 35% of the variance. Moreover, our framework enables de novo ChIP-seq peak prediction and is useful for inferring TF-binding peaks in new experimental conditions by reducing the need for additional experiments. We observe that the genome is more accessible in intergenic regions, and that increased accessibility is positively correlated with gene expression and anti-correlated with distance to the origin of replication. Our biophysically motivated model provides a more comprehensive description of TF-binding in vivo from first principles towards a better representation of gene regulation in silico, with promising applications in systems biology.
RF Energy Harvesting for Embedded Systems: A Survey of Tradeoffs and Methodology

This paper presents an overview of passive Radio Frequency (RF) energy reception and power harvesting circuits for isolated communications and computing systems lacking access to primary power sources. A unified understanding of the energy harvesting alternatives is provided, followed by an elaborate study of RF energy harvesting within the context of embedded systems. A detailed discussion of RF technologies ranging from the directed communications signal reception to dispersed ambient power harvesting is provided. A comparative focus on design tradeoffs and process alterations is provided to represent the diversity in the applications requiring wireless RF harvesting units. Also included is an analysis of system combinations, and how wake up units, active storage, and duty cycling play roles in the consumption and harvesting of RF energy.
Using data from social media websites to inspire the design of assistive technology

The rapid accumulation of user generated content on the Internet provides researchers with abundant information to extract knowledge from. It also provides HCI and accessibility practitioners with a new direction to explore and understand users requirements beyond traditional approaches. In my work, I create a tool that consists of both text-mining and machining learning methods to extract essential focuses of design out of the data collected from social networks. This tool can be used at the initial stage of a product design life-cycle by designers to collect key design aspects at a fairly low cost.
Research Life Lesson 1: Everything Takes Longer Than You Think, So Plan Accordingly

Named Hofstadter’s Law, after the idea was first suggested in the 1970s by Douglas Hofstadter, a professor of cognitive science at the University of Indiana, the idea that everything takes longer than you think, even when you take Hofstadter’s law into account, should be a mantra you repeat to yourself regularly. But it is not just a matter of things taking longer in the realm of research, but they are always far more complex and far more challenging than you can possibly imagine when you set out. The more general concept that a planned experiment or study will go smoothly and quickly is perhaps more correctly referred to as the Optimism Bias, which states that you are less likely to have a problem or something will go wrong than someone else doing the same experiment or research; or stated conversely, you are more likely to do things correctly than other people in the same position and just because other people may fail at it, you won’t.
Introduction: Airports, Cities, and the Jet Age

The introduction presents the major themes Bednarek explores in looking at the history of US airports. These themes include the introduction of new technologies, jet airliners in particular; the shift from strict regulation of air commerce to a more market-oriented regime of deregulation; the phenomenal growth of air passenger traffic; the use of airports to promote local economic development, placing them within the long history of inter-urban competition; and broad security concerns that raised multiple constitutional issues. It also provides an overview of each of the chapters in the book, which includes chapters on airport ownership and finance, the relationship between the federal government and local governments in relation to airport development, airport architecture and economic development, aircraft noise, and security.
Inverse class‐F X‐band SiGe HBT power amplifier with 44% PAE and 24.5 dBm peak output power

An X-band power amplifier (PA) implemented in a silicon-germanium (SiGe) heterojunction bipolar transistor technology is presented. The SiGe PA was designed for inverse class-F mode using thin-film microstrip (TFMS) lines, eliminating the use of conventional band-limiting lumped inductors and transformers. Thus, simultaneous high efficiency and minimized in-band variation were achieved for X-band (8–12 GHz) applications. In addition, for boosting peak output power (Pout), the common-base transistor in the PA core was designed to operate in a weak avalanche region, which allowed dynamic collector-to-base voltage to swing beyond the collector-base breakdown voltage with open emitter without performance degradation. The fabricated SiGe PA demonstrates a high power-added efficiency (PAE) of 43.2% and a peak Pout of 24.3 dBm at 10 GHz. Benefitting from the utilization of TFMS lines, the PA exhibits a flat response for both PAE (33.3–44%) and peak Pout (23.1–24.5 dBm) for the entire X-band frequency range. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2868–2871, 2016
Learning ontological knowledge from the Web

Summary form only given. Two ongoing developments make the (semi-)automated construction of shallow semantic resources such as shallow ontologies increasingly feasible: advanced machine learning techniques and the growth of the Web. By decomposing the problem of knowledge acquisition for a shallow ontology into a series of steps, we apply the most appropriate resources and techniques to each step. Integrating the results, we begin to realize the decades-old dream of creating a single knowledge 'pool' that not only captures all (relevant/important) knowledge known, but that is also easy (and perhaps one day even automatic) to update on a continuous basis. Naturally, we have to adopt a methodology that supports testing; for this, we use NLP applications such as text summarization and question answering. It is both very interesting and a lot of fun to see how much we learn, and what kinds of problems arise, when we try to do this. In this paper the author explores some of the experiences his colleagues, students, and he had over the past 5 years.
Dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Jiangsu Province, China: a nested case-control study

Abstract Background Dietary patterns are reported to be influential to the risk of cardiovascular disease, but few studies have explored this among Chinese people. We aimed to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular diseases among the general population in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods In this nested case-control study, representative adults without a history of cardiovascular disease were recruited from Jiangsu Province. Face-to-face interviews were used to assess dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire, in which more than 85% of foods consumed in Jiangsu were covered. From December, 2010, to December, 2014, incident cases of cardiovascular disease were collected through the Jiangsu population-based cardiovascular disease registry system, supplemented by door-to-door follow-up interviews. A subset of controls, frequency matched by age (plus or minus 5 years), sex, and area of residence, were randomly selected from participants who did not have a cardiovascular disease event or death during follow-up. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. We estimated multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for quartiles of component scores (ie, factor scores ranging from low [first quartile] to high [fourth quartile]) for each dietary pattern using unconditional logistic regression. This research has been approved by the ethical committee of Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants were well informed of the whole procedure and all gave informed consent. Findings Between January and December, 2010, we recruited 8400 adults, 8215 of whom did not have a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. 96 incident cases of cardiovascular disease occurred during follow-up, and 480 matched controls were selected. Four dietary patterns were identified: meaty (characterised by consumption of various animal products and alcohol), healthy (vegetables, fruit, milk, and fish), high-energy (high-energy food, but comparatively low vegetable consumption), and traditional Chinese (wholegrain, vegetables, soy, and meat). After adjusting for potential confounders, people in the third quartile of the traditional Chinese dietary pattern had a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease relative to the lowest quartile (OR 0·28, 95% CI 0·11–0·72, p trend =0·008). High consumption of the healthy dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (fourth vs first quartile: OR 0·37, 95% CI 0·18–0·76, p trend =0·007). Interpretation These results indicate that diets characterised by high consumption of wholegrain, vegetables, soy, and meat or high consumption of vegetables, fruit, milk, and fish are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease among the general population in Jiangsu Province, China. Funding Jiangsu Provincial Preventive Medicine Grant (Y2013052).
Safety and efficacy of placing internal jugular dialysis catheter tip in the inferior vena cava.

PurposeTo assess the efficacy and safety of placing the tip of the internal jugular (IJ) hemodialysis catheter in the inferior vena cava (IVC) in situations where it does not work well when placed ...
Integration of Peer- and Faculty-Taught Point of Care Ultrasonography Curriculum in an Internal Medicine Residency Program

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POC-US) has yet to reach its potential in general internal medicine. At present, there are no standardized curricula for integrating POC-US training into internal medicine residency programs. The expected impact of POC-US education is improved accuracy and timeliness of clinical decision-making and care. The design of this study was multi-staged. Educational modules, created by faculty and resident course directors, were piloted and refined with resident volunteers prior to being incorporated into the formal curriculum. Each educational module consisted of a 30-min lecture on theory, technique, and image review, followed by a 90-min hands-on session practicing image acquisition on healthy peer volunteers. Residents’ baseline attitudes towards and knowledge of POC-US were assessed with pre- and post-test surveys. Pre- and post-test surveys were obtained from 19 residents. Prior to the educational modules, all residents believed that POC-US was an important skillset to acquire during their residency training. Less than half of residents (43%) reported prior POC-US training. Only a quarter (26%) stated that they regularly utilized POC-US in their clinical practice. Resident knowledge of POC-US improved between pre- and post-testing from 63% correctly answered questions to 81% (p < 0.01). Trainees are enthusiastic about the clinical role of POC-US in their future practice and wish to gain further knowledge and training. Integration of a peer and faculty-led POC-US curriculum in an internal medicine residency program can improve knowledge of POC-US and provide a medium for hands-on clinical skills acquisition.
Women have worse cognitive, functional, and psychiatric outcomes at hospital discharge after cardiac arrest

Abstract Aim To examine gender differences among cardiac arrest (CA) survivors’ cognitive, functional, and psychiatric outcomes at discharge. Methods This is a prospective, observational cohort of 187 CA patients admitted to Columbia University Medical Center, considered for Targeted Temperature Management (TTM), and survived to hospital discharge between September 2015 and July 2017. Patients with sufficient mental status at hospital discharge to engage in the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Modified Lawton Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (M-PSMS), Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C) were included. Fisher’s exact, Wilcoxon Rank Sum, and regression analysis were utilized. Results 80 patients (38% women, 44% white, mean age 53 ± 17 years) were included. No significant gender differences were found for age, race, Charlson Comorbidity Index, premorbid CPC or psychiatric diagnoses, arrest related variables, discharge CPC, or PCL-C scores. Women had significantly worse RBANS (64.9 vs 74.8, p = .01), M-PSMS (13.6 vs 10.6, p = .02), and CES-D (22.8 vs 14.3, p = .02) scores. These significant differences were maintained in multivariate models after adjusting for age, initial rhythm, time to return of spontaneous circulation, and TTM. Conclusions Women have worse cognitive, functional, and psychiatric outcomes at hospital discharge after cardiac arrest than men. Identifying factors contributing to these differences is of great importance in cardiac arrest outcomes research.
Heterologous recombinant expression of non-originator NISTmAb.

The successful development and regulatory approval of originator and biosimilar therapeutic proteins requires a systems approach to upstream and downstream processing as well as product characteriz...
Monolayer Molecular Recognition Sites as a Basis for Biosensor Development

All molecular recognition systems must possess some, at least, of the three important attributes essential for their functionality; these are: complementarity of size, shape and chemical affinity. Present efforts to develop molecular recognition systems by chemists have relied largely on production of compounds which operate on the basis of the functional complementarity of specific interactions between chemical entities. The more biological approaches (i.e. biomimetic enzyme systems) must stress, as well, the size- and shape- topospecificty of the system. In both cases, however, extensive and involved synthesis of the system is usually required. Described here are molecular recognition systems based on simple monolayer constructions, applicable to a wide range of molecules and capable of being prepared by simple procedures. These systems rely exclusively on the size/shape topospecificity of the target and template molecule, although future efforts will be directed quite probably to the problem of specific chemical group interactions between guest molecules and surrounding matrix material.
Aspects of Behavior in Pedophillic Sex Offenders Treated with Leuprolide Acetate

Testosterone-lowering agents, serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, surgical castration, and stereotaxic neurosurgery have been used to reduce libido, deviant sexual arousal and fantasy, and the frequency of deviant sexual behavior in pedophiles. Though classified as a psychosexual disorder, there are strong obsessionand compulsioncomponents that make incorporation of cognitive behavioral skills difficult. Medications that lower sex drive are thought to enhance voluntary control. Leuprolide acetate (LA) has been used for this type of therapy. It is one of several synthesized agonist analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH, aka GnRH), the hypothalamic factor that stimulates gonadotropin release from the pituitary and produces a paradoxical effect on the pituitary,with initial stimulationof the release of luteinizinghormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) followed by inhibition after repeated administration. LA causes a reduction in testosterone release (a decrease in testicular steroidogenesis) that is probably secondary to a primary reduction in LH levels. With LA, testosterone levels are lower than those attained with other medications. Pedophiles were studied in a placebo-controlled, blinded, multidisciplinary study that detailed the objective effects of this drug onmeasurable aspects of the arousal response. One year of therapy on LA was followed by one year on a saline placebo. Testosterone levels were correlated with outcomes from polygraph testing, plethysmography (PPG) with audio and visual stimuli, viewing time for visual stimuli, and self report of urges and masturbatory frequency toward children. Testosterone levels on LA decreased to less than 50 ng/dl with sustained suppression of testosterone, FSH, and LH for the duration of treatment. On placebo, testosterone levels rose to approach baseline. The study subjects reported decreased sex drive, decreased pedophilic sexual urges, and decreased masturbation frequency when on LA.Modified visual reaction time and PPG indicated no consistent change in pedophilic interest preferences with LA. PPG verified self-reported claims of significant reductions in the magnitude of sexual arousal. LA reduced pedophilic fantasies, urges, and masturbation on self report with polygraph agreement.
Genetic and Mechanistic Exploration of the Two Pathways of Vitamin B 12 Biosynthesis

V. Conclusions : As can be seen from the above review, the majority of the problems associated with determining the sequence of events and intermediates in the pathway to B 12 have been solved, especially those of the aerobic pathway. Isolation of a few of the intermediates of the anaerobic pathway, on the other hand, has proved more difficult due to problems not encountered in the aerobic pathway such as insolubility of overexpressed enzymes, mismethylations by CysG and CbiF leading to derailment products, and interference by cobalt in obtaining high quality NMR spectra. Even after the biosynthesis, isolation, and characterization of ***cobalt-Factor IV, these problems have persisted. Genome sequencing projects, however, are providing new sources of genes encoding the enzymes needed for the synthesis of these intermediates and may help overcome some of these obstacles.