cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The unimportance of the spurious root of time integration algorithms for structural dynamics

SUMMARY Most commonly used second-order-accurate, dissipative time integration algorithms for structural dynamics possess a spurious root. For an algorithm to be accurate, it has been suggested that the spurious root must be small and ideally be zero in the low-frequency limit. In the paper we show that good accuracy can be achieved even if the spurious root does not tend towards zero in the low-frequency limit. This permits more flexibility in the design of time integration algorithms. As an example, we present an algorithm that has greater accuracy than several other dissipative algorithms even though for all frequencies its spurious root is non-zero. We also show that the degraded performance of the Bazzi-p algorithm is not due to its non-zero spurious root.
Overcomplete steerable pyramid filters and rotation invariance

A given (overcomplete) discrete oriented pyramid may be converted into a steerable pyramid by interpolation. We present a technique for deriving the optimal interpolation functions (otherwise called 'steering coefficients'). The proposed scheme is demonstrated on a computationally efficient oriented pyramid, which is a variation on the Burt and Adelson (1983) pyramid. We apply the generated steerable pyramid to orientation-invariant texture analysis in order to demonstrate its excellent rotational isotropy. High classification rates and precise rotation identification are demonstrated. >
Human Family with Sequence Similarity 60 Member A (FAM60A) Protein: a New Subunit of the Sin3 Deacetylase Complex

Here we describe the function of a previously uncharacterized protein, named family with sequence similarity 60 member A (FAM60A) that maps to chromosome 12p11 in humans. We use quantitative proteomics to determine that the main biochemical partners of FAM60A are subunits of the Sin3 deacetylase complex and show that FAM60A resides in active HDAC complexes. In addition, we conduct gene expression pathway analysis and find that FAM60A regulates expression of genes that encode components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Moreover, our studies reveal that loss of FAM60A or another component of the Sin3 complex, SDS3, leads to a change in cell morphology and an increase in cell migration. These studies reveal the function of a previously uncharacterized protein and implicate the Sin3 complex in suppressing cell migration.
Short-term outcome of perinatal care in a Swedish county. Mortality, neonatal intensive care and overall evaluation of neuromotor function at 0-10 months of corrected age in preterm and term infants.

Improvements in obstetrical and neonatal care during the last decades have led to a marked increase in survival rate of preterm and term infants. In order to study the short- and long-term outcome in infants who survived neonatal intensive care (NIC) and were born in the county of Uppsala between January lst 1986 and April 30‘” 1989, a prospective long-term follow-up study was conducted. Epidemiological data on all infants born in the county during the study period and the shoitterm outcome, measured as overall neuromotor function at term and at 2, 4, 6 and 10 months of corrected age in 245 infants surviving NIC and 72 healthy control infants are presented. The infants’ neuromotor function was evaluated with different clinical neurological methods. In the study population of NIC infants 85.9% survived the neonatal period. The early infant mortality was high in this group 11.6% compared to that of all infants born in the county of Uppsala (0.30%). Only a minority of the infants showed abnormal neuromotor function. A comparison of the results of the overall evaluation of neuromotor function at 10 months of age with those of the examinations made at an earlier age showed poor correspondence in individual infants, especially in preterm and very preterm infants.
Ribosomal protein structures: insights into the architecture, machinery and evolution of the ribosome

Models of the bacterial ribosome based on recent structural analyses are beginning to provide new insights into the protein synthetic machinery. Central to evolving models are the high-resolution structures of individual ribosomal proteins, which represent detailed probes of their local RNA and protein environments. Ribosomal proteins are extremely ancient molecules; the structures therefore also provide a unique window into early protein evolution. Many of the proteins contain domains that are present in more recently evolved families of RNA- and DNA-binding proteins. Such structural homology can be used to predict mechanisms by which proteins interact with RNA in the ribosome.
Autophagy Driven by a Master Regulator of Hematopoiesis

Developmental and homeostatic remodeling of cellular organelles is mediated by a complex process termed autophagy. The cohort of proteins that constitute the autophagy machinery functions in a multistep biochemical pathway. Though components of the autophagy machinery are broadly expressed, autophagy can occur in specialized cellular contexts, and mechanisms underlying cell-type-specific autophagy are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the master regulator of hematopoiesis, GATA-1, directly activates transcription of genes encoding the essential autophagy component microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and its homologs (MAP1LC3A, GABARAP, GABARAPL1, and GATE-16). In addition, GATA-1 directly activates genes involved in the biogenesis/function of lysosomes, which mediate autophagic protein turnover. We demonstrate that GATA-1 utilizes the forkhead protein FoxO3 to activate select autophagy genes. GATA-1-dependent LC3B induction is tightly coupled to accumulation of the active form of LC3B and autophagosomes, which mediate mitochondrial clearance as a critical step in erythropoiesis. These results illustrate a novel mechanism by which a master regulator of development establishes a genetic network to instigate cell-type-specific autophagy.
Fourth component of human complement: description of a three polypeptide chain structure.

The fourth component of human complement (C4) was shown to be composed of three distinct polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds and noncovalent forces. The sum of the molecular weights of the chains equalled that of the intact molecule. The mol wt of the α-, β-, and γ-chains were respectively, 93,000, 78,000, and 33,000 daltons. Action of C1s on C4 affected only the α-chain, reducing its mol wt to 87,000 daltons. The size of the activation peptide. C4a, is therefore estimated to be 6,000 and that of the major fragment C4b, 198,000 daltons. Periodic acid-Schiff-stained SDS polyacrylamide gels of reduced C4 revealed carbohydrate to be associated with all three chains. A modification of the original method of isolation of C4 is presented.
Attempted cross-transmission of coccidia between sheep and goats and description of Eimeria ovinoidalis sp. n.

SYNOPSIS. Attempted infection of 2 young lambs with oocysts of Eimeria christenseni from a goat was unsuccessful. Negative results were obtained also when young kids were fed oocysts of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae from sheep. There was no difficulty in infecting lambs with the sheep coccidium resembling E. ninakohlyakimovae nor goats with the goat coccidium E. christenseni. Oocysts from the goat measured 38.4 × 26.7 mm, but were easily distinguished from Eimeria ahsata from the sheep by sporocyst size and shape, and from Eimeria ovina by oocyst size. Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae-like oocysts from sheep averaged 23.0 ×18.2 mm and were morphologically indistinguishable from previously reported goat coccidia. Since no cross infections of sheep and goats could be accomplished with oocysts of Eimeria sp. characteristic of one or the other host, I concluded that sheep coccidia previously known as E. ninakohlyakimovae are distinct from morphologically similar goat coccidia and therefore constitute a separate species. Since the name E. ninakohlyakimovae was first used for coccidia from the goat, the sheep coccidium is renamed Eimeria ovinoidalis with oocyst structure and endogenous stages similar to those previously described from the sheep.
The extracranial venous system in the heads of beaked whales, with implications on diving physiology and pathogenesis.

Beaked whales are medium-sized toothed whales that inhabit depths beyond the continental shelf; thus beaked whale strandings are relatively infrequent compared to those of other cetaceans. Beaked whales have been catapulted into the spotlight by their tendency to strand in association with naval sonar deployment. Studies have shown the presence of gas and fat emboli within the tissues and analysis of gas emboli is suggestive of nitrogen as the primary component. These findings are consistent with human decompression sickness (DCS) previously not thought possible in cetaceans. Because, tissue loading with nitrogen gas is paramount for the manifestation of DCS and nitrogen loading depends largely on the vascular perfusion of the tissues, we examined the anatomy of the extracranial arterial system using stranded carcasses of 16 beaked whales from five different species. Anatomic regions containing lipid and/or air spaces were prioritized as potential locations of nitrogen gas absorption due to the known solubility of nitrogen in adipose tissue and the nitrogen content of air, respectively. Attention was focused on the acoustic fat bodies and accessory sinus system on the ventral head. We found much of the arterial system of the head to contain arteries homologous to those found in domestic mammals. Robust arterial associations with lipid depots and air spaces occurred within the acoustic fat bodies of the lower jaw and pterygoid air sacs of the ventral head, respectively. Both regions contained extensive trabecular geometry with small arteries investing the trabeculae. Our findings suggest the presence of considerable surface area between the arterial system, and the intramandibular fat bodies and pterygoid air sacs. Our observations may provide support for the hypothesis that these structures play an important role in the exchange of nitrogen gas during diving.
Abstract 2964: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy For Experimental Stroke Using Docosahexaenoic Acid Complexed To Human Albumin

Background and Purpose: Recently we have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6, n-3) and human albumin (Alb) is neuroprotective after experimental stroke. However, administration of high-dose Alb by expanding intravascular volume may lead to pulmonary edema and congestive heart failure. We suspected that if Alb were complexed with DHA, it might be possible to achieve neuroprotection at lower Alb doses. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with isoflurane/nitrous oxide and mechanically ventilated; rectal and cranial temperatures were regulated at 36-37.5 ° C. Rats received 2 h MCAo by retrograde insertion of an intraluminal suture. Animals received either DHA (5mg/kg), Alb (0.63g/kg), DHA-Alb (0.32, 0.63, 1.25g/kg) or an equivalent volume of vehicle (saline), which was administered at 3 h after onset of stroke into the femoral vein over 3 min using an infusion pump (n=8-10 per group). The neurological status was evaluated during occlusion (60 min), and on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 after MCAo; a grading scale of 0-12 was employed. Seven days after MCAo, brains were perfusion-fixed, and infarct areas and volumes were determined. Number of GFAP (reactive astrocytes), ED-1 (activated microglia/microphages) and NeuN (neurons)-positive cells were counted in the cortex and striatum at the level of the central lesion. Results: The physiological variables were entirely comparable among all groups. Animals treated with moderate doses of DHA-Alb (0.63 and 1.25g/kg) significantly improved the neurological score compared to Alb-treated rats by 21 and 26% on day 1; by 28 and 29% on day 2; by 36 and 40% on day 3; and by 42 and 35% on day 7 (respectively). The lowest dose of DHA-Alb (0.32g/kg) was not significantly different from the Alb-treated group. In addition, DHA treatment improved behavioral score compared to the Alb-treated rats, but only on day 2 (by 19%) and day 3 (by 26%). All doses of DHA-Alb (0.32, 0.63 and 1.25g/kg) significantly reduced total (cortical and subcortical) corrected infarct volume in all treated groups compared to Alb-treated rats (by 64, 60 and 61%, respectively). Cortical and striatal infarct volumes were also significantly reduced by all doses of DHA-Alb. DHA treatment alone significantly reduced only striatal infarct volume compared to the Alb-treated group (22±4 vs. 52±9, respectively). Conclusions: The DHA-Alb complex affords high-grade neurobehavioral neuroprotection in focal cerebral ischemia, equaling or exceeding that afforded by native Alb, at considerably moderate doses. It might provide the basis for future therapeutics in patients suffering ischemic stroke.
A Method for Producing Synaptonemal Complex Complements in Lily and Mouse

A whole-mount procedure for producing pachytene synaptonemal complex complements of Lilium longiflorum was developed. The method involves swelling of the meiotic nuclei followed by nonionic detergent lysis of the nuclear envelope. This technique adequately spreads out the long lily chromosomes while producing only minimal distortion of the chromosomal axes. The ultrastructure of the synaptonemal complex is normal, and the chromatin remains closely associated with the synaptonemal complex. The procedure also was used successfully to produce pachytene synaptonemal complex preparations of mouse chromosomes. In the mouse, the centromeric heterochromatin remains associated with the synaptonemal complex, but the euchromatin is more widely dispersed.
Development of a Computerized Catalog of the Buprestidae (Coleoptera) of North America

Catalogs are basic references for all taxonomic work which involves any sizeable taxon. Previously, catalogs were out of date by the time of printing, but it is now feasible to keep these current by using computers. This is a significant advantage for taxonomists which previously had to perpetually review and synthesize the recent literature to remain current on any taxon.
Chemical depletion of sediment under the Greenland Ice Sheet

The chemical composition of sediment sampled from a network of ice boreholes contacting the bed of the ablation zone of the Greenland Ice Sheet is compared to the composition of intact bedrock clasts. This sediment is enriched in silica and depleted in reactive cations compared to the underlying bedrock. In order to test whether these differences result from grain size biases either in sample collection or due to natural sorting, sediment samples were analyzed by grain size aliquots. Enrichment of silicon and depletion of cations is consistent across grain size classes and the compositions of bedrock and subglacial sediment are statistically separate. The difference in composition between subglacial sediment and rock aligns closely with the composition of dissolved solutes in waters sampled from the same field sites and is dissimilar to the composition of the sites' suspended sediment. This implies that chemical weathering rather than disproportionate physical removal of friable minerals is responsible for the compositional differences between rock and sediment. Mass balance analysis implies 3–10% of the sediment's mass is lost to solute dissolution, with approximately double that amount precipitated as clay minerals (a large portion of which may have been physically expelled). This result implies that temperate ice sheet subglacial environments may be more chemically active than previously realized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Main Criteria for Recognition

Any definition of criteria for recognition necessarily involves defining the values to be advanced by the institution of recognition of governments.1 Defining effective control, no matter how acquired or maintained, as the necessary and sufficient criterion for recognition as a government affirms the sovereign autonomy of states in their internal affairs and bars international scrutiny of new regimes’ political ideologies and means of gaining power. Governments’ failure to agree on any such rule has opened up wider areas of discretion which have been used for two purposes: to claim that some other values should be promoted in the international system by specifying additional criteria as necessary for recognition, and to advance their individual interests by granting or refusing recognition or by trading it against concessions by a particular new regime. The first is the subject of this chapter, which discusses the most frequently used optional criteria, and of the next, which discusses the rest; the second purpose will be addressed in Chapter 10.
Spatiotemporal pyramid representation for recognition of facial expressions and hand gestures

This paper presents a spatiotemporal pyramid representation for recognizing facial expressions and hand gestures. This approach works by partitioning video sequence into increasingly fine subdivisions in the space and time domains and modeling the distribution of the local motion features inside each subdivision such that the set of motion features are mapped into spatial and temporal multi-resolution histograms. This spatiotemporal pyramid is built by weighting the histograms from the different layers of the subdivisions. The proposed approach is an extension of the orderless ldquobag-of-wordsrdquo model by approximately capturing geometric and temporal arrangements of the local motion features. The experiments on facial expression and hand gesture data sets have demonstrated the significantly improved performance over state of art results on human activity recognition tasks by using our representation.
A Holistic Model for Mobility Enhancement through Process-Induced Stress

A compact and scaleable holistic (non process-specifilc) model for mobility enhancement through process-induced stress is developed for the first time. The layout dependence of transistor m obility due to process-induced stress is efficiently captured. The mobility model is verified for different layout dimensions for several stress-inducing process technologies through both process simulations and experimental data.
Mesoscale Particle-Based Model of Electrophoretic Deposition.

We present and evaluate a semiempirical particle-based model of electrophoretic deposition using extensive mesoscale simulations. We analyze particle configurations in order to observe how colloids accumulate at the electrode and arrange into deposits. In agreement with existing continuum models, the thickness of the deposit increases linearly in time during deposition. Resulting colloidal deposits exhibit a transition between highly ordered and bulk disordered regions that can give rise to an appreciable density gradient under certain simulated conditions. The overall volume fraction increases and falls within a narrow range as the driving force due to the electric field increases and repulsive intercolloidal interactions decrease. We postulate ordering and stacking within the initial layer(s) dramatically impacts the microstructure of the deposits. We find a combination of parameters, i.e., electric field and suspension properties, whose interplay enhances colloidal ordering beyond the commonly known ap...
Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common, chronic systemic inflammatory disease with multiple extra-articular manifestations including uveitis. Adult rheumatoid arthritis-associated uveitis is rare in the absence of concomitant scleritis or keratitis.
Comparing Antibody-Antigen Binding in Serum Versus Buffer with Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Therapeutic proteins or ‘biologics’ such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) or Fc-fusions comprise a growing percentage of drugs in the development pipeline. A majority of techniques used to characterize these drugs require dilution into standard buffers, conditions that do not reflect the complexity of crowded biological environments such as serum. Here, we use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to directly assess the effect of biological solutions on the binding affinity of mAbs to antigen.
Relationship of age and cancer treatment to receiving treatment summaries and survivorship care plans in female young adult cancer survivors.

55Background: For cancer survivors who were diagnosed with cancer during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood years, transitioning into survivorship and post-cancer treatment care remains challenging and may be aided by treatment summaries (TS) and/or survivorship care plans (SCP). Little research has been conducted on receipt of SCP and/or TS from the patient perspective. The objective of this study was to determine patient- and cancer-specific characteristics that are associated with receipt of SCP and/or TS (SCP/TS). Methods: 240 female young adult cancer survivors (YCS) between ages 18-44 were recruited to a national cohort study on reproductive health and completed a web-based survey that included report of receiving SCP and TS. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) for characteristics associated with receipt of SCP/TS. Results: Mean age (standard deviation) was 32.8 (5.8) years; mean age at cancer diagnosis was 27.2 (7.1) years. Forty-eight (20%) participants were dia...
Integrating Molecular Control to Improve Cryopreservation Outcome

Cryopreservation (CP) is a critical component in enabling on-demand access to biological material (macromolecules, cells, and tissues), yet CP has evolved little over the last several decades. Today's CP processes often yield a suboptimal "product," which has slowed progression in areas such as cell therapy and stem cell research. Recent discoveries focusing on molecular control and buffering of cell stress responses to CP as well as the development of new devices that improve sample freezing and thawing are now providing a path to improve sample quality. Numerous reports now identify the problems associated with CP-induced delayed-onset cell death (CIDOCD), with a focus on the mitigation of cell stress responses through freeze media formulation to optimize survival during "cold chain" sample management. Importantly, these new approaches that manage cell stress response are now providing a basis for advancements in cell therapy development. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular stress responses of cells to CP, including the impact of hypothermic and cell death continuums and the strategies for improving preservation outcome.
“I am Malawian, Multicultural or British”: Remote acculturation and identity formation among urban adolescents in Malawi

We aimed to better understand multidimensional remote acculturation to South African, United States of America (US), and United Kingdom (UK) cultures among 144 thirteen- to seventeen-year-old (M = 15 0.28, SD = 1.06; 43.1% female; 36.6% Black African, 23.9% Southeast Asian, 21.8% Multiracial, 16.2% White, 1.4% Other) urban adolescents in Malawi. Adolescents completed questionnaires measuring remote acculturation, cultural exposure, parent-adolescent relationships, and adolescent well-being. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified three remote acculturation clusters: Traditional Malawians (TMs), Westernised Multicultural Malawians (WMMs), and British Assimilated Malawians (BAMs). Clusters differed in their racial and ethnic makeup. BAMs had the lowest cultural exposure to Malawian food, media, communication, and transnationalism. WMMs had higher positive affect than BAMs; WMMs and BAMs reported higher parental autonomy support than TMs; and TMs reported the highest conflict with their mothers. Our findi...
Simulated transient thermal infrared emissions of forest canopies during rainfall events

We describe the development of a centimeter-scale resolution simulation framework for a theoretical tree canopy that includes rainfall deposition, evaporation, and thermal infrared emittance. Rainfall is simulated as discrete raindrops with specified rate. The individual droplets will either fall through the canopy and intersect the ground; adhere to a leaf; bounce or shatter on impact with a leaf resulting in smaller droplets that are propagated through the canopy. Surface physical temperatures are individually determined by surface water evaporation, spatially varying within canopy wind velocities, solar radiation, and water vapor pressure. Results are validated by theoretical canopy gap and gross rainfall interception models.
Factors affecting estimates of size at age and growth in grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus from the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Growth zones in dorsal spines of grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus from the northern Gulf of Mexico were utilized to estimate growth and examine factors that may affect estimates of size at age. Age was estimated from dorsal-spine sections of 4687 individuals sampled from U.S. waters during 2003-2013, including both fishery-independent (n = 1312) and fishery-dependent (n = 3375) samples. Ninety-six per cent (n = 4498) of these sections were deemed suitable for ageing; average per cent error between two independent readers was 10·8%. Fork length (LF ) ranged from 65 to 697 mm and age estimates from 0 to 14 years. Both sex and sample source (fishery-independent v. recreational) significantly affected estimated size at age for 2-6 year-old fish. Data were pooled between sources to fit sex-specific von Bertalanffy growth functions. Results for the female model were L∞ = 387 mm LF , k = 0·52 year-1 and t0 = 0·01 year, while for males L∞ = 405 mm LF , k = 0·55 year-1 and t0 = 0·02 year. These results were significantly different between sexes and indicate clear sexual dimorphism. Thus, growth should be modelled separately by sex when examining population parameters or conducting stock assessment modelling. The positive bias in estimates of size at age computed for recreational v. fishery-independent samples also has clear implications for stock assessment as growth functions computed with fishery-dependent samples would tend to overestimate stock productivity.
Motor Cortex of Rodents

Most of our knowledge about motor cortex is based on studies of primates or cats, but rodents may become increasingly useful subjects for studies in which a number of neurobiological methods are to be used concurrently. The present review is meant to provide a background for such neurobiological investigations, and will focus on three issues: the definition of rodent motor cortex; its input—output organization; and the role of motor cortex output in the control of movement.
Disparities in Perioperative Radiation Therapy Use in Elderly Patients With Soft-Tissue Sarcoma.

Purpose The benefit of perioperative radiation therapy in elderly patients with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) is unclear due to the underrepresentation of elderly patients in clinical trials. We assessed patterns of care and overall survival (OS) associated with perioperative radiation therapy use in this population. Methods and Materials Elderly patients (≥70 years) with high-grade STS who underwent surgery with or without perioperative radiation therapy from 2004 to 2013 were identified from the National Cancer Database. A nonelderly cohort ( Results Of 6978 elderly patients, 3549 (51%) underwent surgery alone, and 740 (11%) and 2,679 (38%) received pre- and postoperative radiation therapy, respectively. Elderly patients received radiation therapy less commonly than did nonelderly patients (49% vs 52%, P Conclusions There is an overall and an age-disparate underuse of perioperative radiation therapy in elderly patients with high-grade STS despite radiation therapy being associated with improved OS. Further research is warranted to minimize gaps in care for elderly patients.
Think Locally, Act Locally, Extend Globally: Diabetes Prevention Through Partnerships with Local Communities

Preventing diabetes requires lifestyle modifications to change the most basic habits—how we eat and how active we are in our free time. However the lifestyle changes proven to prevent diabetes go beyond motivating and educating people to change their behavior; they also require a recognition of the environments in which people live, that make these changes so difficult to initiate and maintain. In fact, among the root causes of prediabetes are “obesogenic” factors beyond an individual's control, such as public policies and marketing strategies encouraging unhealthy eating and sedentary behavior, food pricing favoring calorie dense, nutrient poor foods, limited access to healthy lifestyle education and counseling, schools with no physical education, and unsafe neighborhoods thwarting inexpensive forms of exercise [1, 2]. The poorest and most marginalized communities bear the greatest burden of diabetes and yet have the fewest resources for diabetes prevention, with the lowest access to healthy foods, physical activity opportunities and health care services. One promising approach may be to work with and in these communities, to uncover new, practical ideas that resonate with and impact those living in diabetes epicenters and the clinicians who work with them. With community expertise as a guide, partnerships with local communities can yield the most relevant and effective diabetes prevention programs and initiatives. By channeling the expertise of front-line clinicians, partnered approaches can also redesign clinical care, enabling clinicians to acknowledge and incorporate the root causes of high rates of pre diabetes when working with patients to prevent diabetes.
Medical Student Clinical Education

In clinical education interactions among the patient(s), instructor(s), and student(s) determine the information available for learning. The clinical context in which the learning occurs shapes the interactions and thence the “content” that the student learns. Medical educators increasingly are challenged to creatively rethink clinical education. In this chapter the educational model termed legitimate peripheral participation, as developed by Lave, is used as a base for discussion of key components of new clinical education models. The recent medical education literature is reviewed from the perspective of the student, instructor, patient and educational context. Considering the student, medical educators should work to focus students’ learning and should seek to understand and match their learning agendas. The importance of instructors who model their thinkingset explicit expectations for learnersand provide effective feedback is well established. Finallythe motivation and effectiveness of patients is considered. This framework allows medical educators to thoughtfully construct and manage learning situations to enhance medical students’ clinical education.
Patterns of Parental Interactions After Divorce and Individual Well-Being

This study sought to uncover patterns of parental interactions following divorce using multiple empirically-supported indicators related to cooperation, overt conflict, and covert conflict and to link patterns of parental interactions with indicators of adult well-being including stress, life satisfaction, alcohol use, and risk drinking. Using community-based sampling and latent profile analysis, patterns of parental interactions were identified and associations among such patterns and parental well-being were examined for recently divorced parents (N= 246). Reports of parental interactions included parents’ perceptions of their own and their former spouse’s cooperation and covert conflict behaviors, as well as perceptions of overt conflict behaviors in parental interactions. Two patterns of parental interactions were identified (Congruent and Divergent). Among the full sample, neither pattern was linked with any indicator of well-being. Examining these associations separately for mothers and fathers, fathers in the Divergent group reported higher levels of alcohol use than those in the Congruent group (χ2 = 4.64, p = .03). Mothers in the Divergent group reported marginally higher levels of life satisfaction than those in the Congruent group. Utilizing a person-centered approach to uncover patterns of parental interactions yielded groups that differentiated largely on the basis of participant’s perceptions of their former spouses’ behaviors. Future research might consider the impact of perception as a component of divorce education evaluation work.
African-American, Puerto-Rican, and Other Hispanic Fathers' Differential Responses to a Parenting Intervention.

ABSTRACTDespite the recognized importance of fathers to children’s well-being, there is a lack of research exploring the impact of parenting interventions on young fathers. Further, little work has...
Collecting Deer Keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena Nitzsch, 1818 and Neolipoptena Bequaert, 1942) and Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) From Hunter-Harvested Deer and Other Cervids

Deer keds (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipoptena Nitzsch, 1818 and Neolipoptena Bequaert, 1942) are blood-feeding ectoparasites that primarily attack cervids and occasionally bite humans, while ticks may be found on cervids, but are more generalized in host choice. Recent detection of pathogens such as Anaplasma and Borrelia in deer keds and historical infections of tick-borne diseases provides reason to investigate these ectoparasites as vectors. However, previous methods employed to sample deer keds and ticks vary, making it difficult to standardize and compare ectoparasite burdens on cervids. Therefore, we propose a standardized protocol to collect deer keds and ticks from hunter-harvested deer, which combines previous methods of sampling, including timing of collections, dividing sections of the deer, and materials used in the collection process. We tested a three-section and a five-section sampling scheme in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and found that dividing the deer body into five sections provided more specificity in identifying where deer keds and ticks may be found on deer. Data from 2018 suggested that deer keds and ticks were found on all three sections (head, anterior, posterior), while data from 2019 suggested that more Ixodes scapularis were found on the head and deer keds were found on all body sections (head, dorsal anterior, dorsal posterior, ventral anterior, and ventral posterior). The protocol provides an efficient way to sample deer for deer keds and ticks and allows researchers to compare ectoparasite burdens across geographical regions. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to collect other ectoparasites from deer or other cervids.
Crystal structure refinement of magnesium zinc divanadate, MgZnV2O7, from powder X-ray diffraction data.

The crystal structure of magnesium zinc divanadate, MgZnV2O7, was determined and refined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data. The title compound was synthesized by a solid-state reaction at 1023 K in air. The crystal structure is isotypic with Mn0.6Zn1.4V2O7 (C2/m; Z = 6) and is related to the crystal structure of thortveitite. The asymmetric unit contains two metal sites with statistically distributed magnesium and zinc atoms with the atomic ratio close to 1:1. One (Mg/Zn) metal site (M1) is located on Wyckoff position 8j and the other (M2) on 4h. Three V sites (all on 4i), and eight O (three 8j, four 4i, and one 2b) sites complete the asymmetric unit. The structure is an alternate stacking of V2O7 layers and (Mg/Zn) atom layers along [20\overline{1}]. It is distinct from other related structures in that each V2O7 layer consists of two groups: a V2O7 dimer and a V4O14 tetra­mer. Mixed-occupied M1 and M2 are coordinated by oxygen atoms in distorted trigonal bipyramidal and octa­hedral sites, respectively.
Eco-Product Choice Cuts Both Ways: How Pro-Environmental Licensing Versus Reinforcement is Contingent Upon Environmental Consciousness

This research identifies how choice of an eco-product (e.g., low-energy LED light bulbs, biodegradable paper towels) influences downstream, environmentally responsible behavior. Eco-product choice subsequently either reinforces or undermines environmentally responsible behavior, and this effect is contingent upon the pre-existing environmental consciousness of individual consumers. Among less environmentally conscious consumers, pro-environmental behavior is undermined. In contrast, highly environmentally conscious consumers display reinforcement of pro-environmental behavior. We reveal that these differential effects are driven by two discrete processes working in opposition: Goal-satiation drives licensing in the case of less environmentally conscious consumers, and prosocial self-perceptions drive reinforcement among highly conscious consumers. In addition, we identify a point-of-purchase intervention that mitigates the detrimental effects among less environmentally conscious consumers. Together, these results shed light on the downstream consequences for consumers of eco-product choice, with implications for the marketing and regulation of such products.
Budget Priorities and Achievements of Georgia Governors, 1963–2019

Georgia governors set the annual budget agenda through the preparation of the Governor’s Budget Report, a draft appropriations bill and a budget message. The governor’s revenue estimate determines the amount of state funding available for spending and also establishes a spending ceiling for legislative appropriations. The executive budget, by delineating resource commitments, communicates the governor’s policy priorities. This chapter describes the budget priorities and achievements of governors from Carl Sanders to Nathan Deal. Carl Sanders was the first governor to serve following the enactment of the Budget Act of 1962 which established Georgia’s modern executive budget system. Nathan Deal was the last governor to have completed a full term at the time of this writing (Table 9.1).
Fetal and Neonatal Hematopoietic Progenitors Are Exquisitely Sensitive to MLL-ENL-Driven Leukemia Initiation

Abstract Translocations involving the MLL1/KMT2A gene are observed in both acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the frequency at which these mutations occurs is different at different stages of life. For example, MLL rearrangements are extremely common in infant leukemia (~70% of cases), but they are much less common in adolescent or adult AML (~5% of de novo adult AML). While the function of MLL fusion proteins has been extensively studied, it remains unclear why MLL-rearrangements are so common in infant leukemias as compared to adolescent or adult leukemias. One possibility is that fetal hematopoietic progenitors are more readily transformed by MLL fusion proteins than adult progenitors. Recent work in our lab has shown that a mutation commonly associated with adult AML, the FLT3-Internal Tandem Duplication, selectively activates leukemogenic transcriptional programs in adult as compared to fetal/neonatal progenitors (eLife 5:e18882). We have developed a system to test whether an analogous effect holds for MLL translocations - i.e. do they preferentially initiate leukemogenesis in fetal progenitors. We made use of a previously described tet-O doxycycline inducible mouse allele (Cell Reports 9:1246) to both spatially and temporally control expression of MLL-ENL, a common MLL fusion product (Fig. 1A). We found that MLL-ENL induction at fetal (E10.5) or neonatal (P0) stages caused AML to develop in most mice, but MLL-ENL induction at juvenile (P21) or adult (8 weeks) stages did not (Fig. 1B). Remarkably, AML developed with the greatest penetrance (100%) when MLL-ENL was induced at P0 as compared to both earlier and later developmental stages. In neonates, MLL-ENL profoundly depleted hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and, to a lesser extent, lineage-restricted hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs), and it caused expansion of myeloid progenitor populations. These effects began to dissipate by 10 weeks after birth. Changes in HSC and HPC frequency were not at all evident when MLL-ENL was induced at an adult stage, but by a year after MLL-ENL induction, the surviving mice had a significantly expanded HSC pool. MLL-ENL induced widespread changes in gene expression in neonatal HPCs. In contrast, very few changes in gene expression were observed in MLL-ENL expressing adult HPCs. Known targets of MLL-ENL, such as HoxA9, were more highly induced in neonatal HPCs than in adult HPCs, though expression was observed in older mice. Altogether, our data demonstrate a dynamic relationship between developmental stage and the transcriptional response to MLL-ENL, and they may help account for the high percentage of MLL rearrangements observed in infant leukemia. Furthermore, our findings have opened new lines of investigation into the relationship between the epigenetic landscapes of developing HSCs/HPCs and the programs that drive leukemogenesis. Download : Download high-res image (132KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Wisconsin's New Deferred Marital Property Election

Along with myriad other changes, the new Wisconsin Probate Code includes a completely revamped and substantially simpler-deferred marital property election. This article reviews the need for such an election, identifies the critical points at which the new election differs from the one under the prior Code, and briefly discusses how the election works in typical fact situations.
Margins of Safety in the Assessment of Aquatic Hazards of Chemicals—Some Regulatory Viewpoints

This paper discusses the use of safety margins in aquatic hazard assessment from the point of view of a regulatory agency-specifically, the Office of Toxic Substances of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Principles of application of the safety margin concept are discussed, including the complexity of balancing the myriad, often conflicting, factors involved in determining general risk assessment procedures and also evaluations tailored for specific purposes.
A Review of “The Development Economics Reader”

Secondi defines development economics as the branch of economics that studies poor countries. This is a textbook designed for students who are interested in the field of development economics but d...
An approximate technique for the integration on the equations of motion in a free-electron laser

We describe an approximation we have used to compute gain, saturation and electron statistics at high power in the Stanford free-electron laser.
Collaborative Management Environment: A Web-Based Management Tool

The intelligent agents and collaborative financial and project tools, coupled with WWW-based interfaces, provide the framework to logically link financial and project information. Through exploiting the power of these innovative technologies, CME creates a virtual management environment that provides managers with seamless access to distributed information in an integrated, complete, and timely manner from a single source. To be useful, information must be both relevant and reliable. CME accomplishes both objectives while simplifying program management and creating savings in time and effort, as well as storage and paper. Its concepts and technologies are directly applicable to both government agencies and business and industrial organizations.
Myocardial ischemia decreases oxidative phosphorylation through cytochrome oxidase in subsarcolemmal mitochondria

The effect of myocardial ischemia on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was investigated using isolated, buffer-perfused rabbit hearts. After 45 min of global ischemia, oxidative phosphorylation was decreased only in the subsarcolemmal population of mitochondria with all substrates tested. The oxidation of N,N,N',N' tetramethyl p-phenylenediamine-ascorbate, an electron donor to cytochrome oxidase via cytochrome c, was decreased in subsarcolemmal mitochondria [ischemia (n = 6): 76 +/- 3 vs. control (n = 5): 105 +/- 6 nanoatoms O.min-1.mg-1, P < 0.01] but not in interfibrillar mitochondria. Only minor morphological changes were observed by electron microscopy in the isolated mitochondria after ischemia. Neither cytochrome oxidase activity measured under conditions for maximal activity nor the apparent Michaelis constant and maximum velocity values of the two cytochrome c binding sites were different in subsarcolemmal mitochondria isolated from ischemic and control hearts. The cytochrome c content was decreased in subsarcolemmal mitochondria after ischemia (ischemia: 0.111 +/- 0.013 vs. control: 0.156 +/- 0.007 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05). Thus ischemia decreased the rate of oxidative phosphorylation through cytochrome oxidase selectively in intact subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Ischemic damage to the terminal segment of the electron transport chain involves a decrease in the content of cytochrome c, whereas the expressible catalytic activity of cytochrome oxidase remains unchanged.
Evaluation of a Single Cell and Candidate Materials with High‐Water‐Content Hydrogen in a Generic Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Test Fixture, Part I: Test Fixture and Electrochemical Performance

A generic solid oxide fuel cell test fixture intended to evaluate candidate materials under realistic conditions was developed. A commerical NiO–YSZ-supported YSZ electrolyte and LSM–YSZ cathode cell was tested to evaluate the stability of candidate materials. The cell was tested in two stages of low- and high-water-content fuel at 800°C. Part I of the work will describe the test fixture, electrochemical performance of the cell, and postmortem analysis. In part I, the cell showed a substantial degradation in the first stage and no degradation afterward. Impedance and I–V curves were recorded. Optical and scanning electron microscopywere used for characterization and seal assessment.
Histological demonstration of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in burned tissue.

Abstract Prostaglandins and thromboxanes have been implicated in the response of tissue to thermal trauma possibly leading to progressive dermal ischemia. A histological procedure is described for the examination of burned tissue using an immunoperoxidase technique with anti-rabbit globulins against prostaglandin (PG) F 1 ∝, PGF 2 ∝, PGE 2 , and thromboxane B 2 . Burned animal and human tissue histologically exhibited a reaction confirming the suspected presence of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. With the aid of this technique clinical pharmacological manipulation designed to prevent dermal ischemia can be monitored. Concomitantly the biochemical sequence leading to dermal ischemia can be elucidated.
VERY DELAYED SMOKING RELAPSE WARRANTS RESEARCH ATTENTION

Recent findings suggest that former smokers remain at risk for relapse well beyond the traditional treatment follow-up period of one year. Although progress has been made in understanding factors involved in smoking cessation and short-term maintenance, very little attention has been paid to research on the process, predictors, and treatment implications of very delayed relapse. Possible research questions are offered to stimulate further investigation in this area.
Determination of Lysine pK Values Using [5-13C]Lysine: Application to the Lyase Domain of DNA Pol β

Determination of the protonation state of titratable protein residues is of critical importance for the interpretation of active site chemistry, as well as for understanding the role of electrostatic interactions in protein folding and stability. However, protein titration studies are limited by the fact that, at extreme pH values, increasing fractions of unfolded or partially unfolded structures may be present. This problem is particularly acute for lysine residues which have high pK values. In the present study, we point out that the use of the 13C resonance of lysine C-5 as a reporter for titration of the e-amino group is preferable to the use of C-6 due to the 5-fold greater titration shift, so that reasonable results can be obtained using a two parameter fit of data obtained over a more limited pH range. A new synthetic procedure for [5-13C]lysine is described, and the pK value for Lys72 in the lyase domain of DNA polymerase β has been determined using the [5-13C]lysine-labeled enzyme. The results ag...