cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near-field solid immersion lens microscope with advanced compact mechanical design

A compact mechanical package is developed for a standard microscope that implements a solid immersion lens (SIL) on a retractable bimorph swing arm. With the compact package mounted on an inverted microscope, far-field and near-field images are obtained at the same location by moving the SIL with the swing arm. With white-light incoherent illumination, the resolution of this system for observing digital versatile discs is around 200 nm with an effective numerical aperture of 1.5. Imaging with the SIL is compared with an atomic force microscopy scan.
Chiral and Heavy Quark Symmetry Violation in B Decays

Abstract The most general lagrangian consistent with chiral, heavy quark, and strong interaction symmetries to order 1 M and to linear order in the SU(3) vector and axial currents is presented. Two new dimensionful and five dimensionless couplings arise at this order. The heavy to light flavor changing current is derived to the same order, giving rise to two additional dimensionful constants and six dimensionless ones. The dimensionless parameters are shown to be irrelevant at O ( 1 M ) . Analytic SU(3) counterterms are also considered. Form factors for D → πlν and B → πl ν are computed at O ( 1 M , m s 0 ) and O(M0, ms1). The eight decay constants f D f D s f D ∗ f D s ∗ , f B f B s f B ∗ and f B s ∗ , are computed at O ( 1 M , m s ) in terms of seven parameters which can be determined by { B , D } → { K π}l v decays, and two undetermined counterterms. The ratio R1 = (fBs/fB)/(fDs/fD) is expressed in terms of four parameters.
Regulatory Elements Required for Human Angiotensinogen Expression in HepG2 Cells Are Dispensable in Transgenic Mice

Previous researchers have identified two sequences present upstream (angiotensinogen gene-activating element [AGE2]) and downstream (d61-2) of the human angiotensinogen gene that act as cell-specific enhancers of transcription in transiently transfected HepG2 cells. To examine the importance of these two sequences in regulating tissue- and cell-specific expression of the gene in vivo, we generated transgenic mice containing the mutations in the context of a genomic transgene previously shown to exhibit appropriate tissue and cell specificity. The ability of these sequences to enhance transcription of a basal human angiotensinogen promoter was confirmed in transient transfection assays in HepG2 cells, and mutations within the AGE2 and d61-2 sequences abolished transactivation of the promoter. Tissue- and cell-specific expression was examined in three lines of transgenic mice carrying the d61-2 mutation, two lines of transgenic mice carrying the AGE2 mutation, and three founder transgenic mice carrying a double-mutant construct. Although the absolute levels of expression varied among lines, the pattern of tissue-specific expression was essentially unaltered by the mutations. In situ hybridization confirmed that the mutations were also dispensable for proximal tubule-specific expression within the kidney. Finally, a comparison of transgene expression with transgene copy number revealed a direct proportionality in liver (R=.77, P=.0014) and kidney (R=.76, P=.0024). These results clearly demonstrate that these sites, which strongly induce promoter activity in cells in culture, are not required for appropriate expression of the gene when present in a genomic construct in vivo.
On selecting the treatment with the largest probability of survival

Suppose there are k(>= 2) treatments and each treatment is a Bernoulli process with binomial sampling. The problem of selecting a random-sized subset which contains the treatment with the largest survival probability (reliability or probability of success) is considered. Based on the ideas from both classical approaches and general Bayesian statistical decision approach, a new subset selection procedure is proposed to solve this kind of problem in both balanced and unbalanced designs. Comparing with the classical procedures, the proposed procedure has a significantly smaller selected subset. The optimal properties and performance of it were examined. The methods of selecting and fitting the priors and the results of Monte Carlo simulations on selected important cases are also studied.
Functional behavior and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded primary endothelial cells for targeting vascular stents.

Aim: To assess functional competence and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-loaded primary endothelial cells (ECs) as potential cell-based therapy vectors. Materials & methods: A quantitative tube formation, nitric oxide and adhesion assays were conducted to assess functional potency of the MNP-loaded ECs. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to profile genes in both MNP-loaded at static conditions and in vitro targeted ECs. Results: Functional behavior of MNP-loaded and unloaded cells was comparable. MNPs induce expression of genes involved in EC growth and survival, while repress genes involved in coagulation. Conclusion: MNPs do not adversely affect cellular function. Gene expression indicates that targeting MNP-loaded ECs to vascular stents may potentially stimulate re-endothelialization of an implant and attenuate neointimal hyperplasia.
ENCOMPASSING SPIRIT: A THEOLOGICAL SOURCE FOR PASTORAL PRACTICE

(2005). ENCOMPASSING SPIRIT: A THEOLOGICAL SOURCE FOR PASTORAL PRACTICE. Journal of Pastoral Theology: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 48-63.
Fatal Myocardial Infarction Potentially Induced by Paclitaxel

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of a fatal myocardial infarction (MI) possibly induced by paclitaxel in a patient with metastatic breast cancer.CASE SUMMARY:A 67-year-old African-American woman with metastatic breast cancer was treated with a paclitaxel infusion. Fifteen hours into the 24-hour continuous infusion, the patient developed tachypnea, respiratory distress, and chest pain. Paciltaxel infusion was discontinued. Electrocardiogram findings revealed ST elevation in leads 2, 3, and aVF acutely. The cardiac enzymes were abnormal and the echocardiogram changes showed severe global left ventricular dysfunction consistent with acute MI. The patient died 13 hours after stopping the paclitaxel infusion.DISCUSSION:Cardiac adverse effects of paclitaxel have been described in preliminary studies. Paclitaxel-induced cardiac abnormalities are usually described as asymptomatic and transient. MI secondary to paclitaxel infusion has rarely been reported. The mechanism by which paclitaxel causes cardiac abnormalities, ...
Pre and Post Optimality Checking of the Virtual Motion Camouflage based Nonlinear Constrained Subspace Optimal Control

Nonlinear constrained trajectory optimization remains an active field of research. Current popular methods end up with either solving a classical multi-dimensional two-point boundary value problem or a high dimensional nonlinear programming problem. Inspired by the motion camouflage phenomenon of insects like dragonflies, recently the authors proposed a subspace optimization method, the virtual motion camouflage method, in order to reduce the problem dimension. Thus the computational cost experienced in the widely used direct collocation and nonlinear programming methods can be reduced. The solution found through this approach is in the feasible region however the optimality of the solution is not guaranteed automatically in the original full search space. In this paper, two optimality checking ways extended from the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary condition are proposed. The pre-optimality checking is proposed to judge the selection of the virtual prey motion and the reference point, while a post-optimality checking is suggested to test the solution obtained from the virtual motion camouflage method in the original search space. Two numerical examples are used to illustrate the capabilities of the new subspace optimal control algorithm.
Differential chemical derivatization integrated with chromatographic separation for analysis of isomeric sialylated N-glycans: a nano-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-MS platform.

MS analysis of sialylated glycans is challenging due to their low ionization efficiency in positive ion mode as well as the possibility of in-source fragmentation. Chemical derivatization strategies have been developed to address this issue focused on removal of the labile acidic proton prior to MS analysis. Highly sialylated negatively charged glycans also exhibit high retention and unsatisfactory separation efficiency when analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) due to their high polarity. Here, we combined linkage specific derivatization of sialic acids by reaction with the condensation reagent 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM) in methanol with nanoscale liquid chromatographic separation prior to accurate mass Orbitrap MS analysis. Coupling DMT-MM charge neutralization of sialic acids with nano-HILIC-Orbitrap-MS not only allows for linkage specific characterization of sialylated glycans directly from the precursor mass but also improve...
Evaluation of the Patient Presenting with Headache

In order to treat the patient presenting with headache successfully, one must carefully question, examine, and study the complete patient as well as his or her complaint of headache. Through direct and indirect questioning, a complete history may be obtained by exploring present illness, past medical history, family history, personal and social history, and systems review. A detailed medical and neurologic examination is also necessary to evaluate the complaint of headache. A comprehensive screening laboratory profile should be employed, but neurodiagnostic studies should only be used judiciously. A combined medical and neurologic approach will permit appropriate identification and effective treatment of the specific headache disorder rather than the isolated complaint of headache.
Further Experience With the Use of Thrombin as a Hemostatic Agent

We have recently reported animal experiments1 on the use of purified thrombin2 as a hemostatic agent. We are now able to obtain thrombin solutions free of bacteria, and with minor loss of activity, by use of fritted glass filters.3 We wish to report additional toxicity experiments; also preliminary experience with the use of thrombin in a small group of human cases.Toxicity Experiments. As pointed out previously,1 thrombin, applied to operative surfaces, is non-toxic. Numerous other toxicity experiments with thrombin have since been performed, and a small group of these is presented below.(1) Intramuscular administration. An injection of 6000 units into the thigh muscles of an adult rat produced no local thrombosis, and no clinical evidence of toxicity. Blood samples drawn several hours later showed no alteration in the plasma fibrinogen or prothrombin levels.(2) Intraperitoneal administration. An injection of 6000 units of thrombin (4 cc) caused some uneasiness in a 300 g rat, possibly because the soluti...
318 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH LITERACY AND DIABETES KNOWLEDGE AND READINESS TO TAKE HEALTH ACTIONS.

Purpose Low health literacy is common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with less disease knowledge, poorer understanding of the disease and its complications, and worse glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between health literacy and patients9 readiness to take health actions to help explain patients9 level of glycemic control. Methods Sixty-eight diabetic patients, receiving care in an academic general internal medicine clinic, were administered the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) literacy instrument, Diabetes Health Belief Model (DHBM) scale, and Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess association between REALM literacy level, DKT score, DHBM scale score, and most recent hemoglobin A1c while controlling for other covariates of interest. Results After controlling for covariates of interest, no significant association between DHBM scale score and REALM literacy level was found (p = .29). However, both DKT score and most recent hemoglobin A1c level were found to be significantly associated with patient literacy (p = .004 and p = .02, respectively). Based on the multivariable model, patients with less than a 4th grade literacy level had 13% lower DKT scores (95% CI = 228% to 22%, p = .08) and 1.36% higher most recent hemoglobin A1c levels (95% CI = 1.06% to 1.73%, p = .02) relative to those with a high school literacy level. Conclusions While low health literacy was significantly associated with worse glycemic control and poorer disease knowledge in patients with type 2 diabetes, there was no significant relationship with their readiness to take action in disease management.
Risk factors and outcomes for ischemic stroke

Stroke continues to have a great impact on public health in the United States. Stroke is frequent, recurring, and is more often disabling than fatal. The annual incidence of new strokes in the United States is nearly one half million, with over 3 million stroke survivors alive today. Identifying risk factors for initial ischemic stroke, as well as characterizing the determinants of outcome (stroke recurrence and mortality) after ischemic stroke, is the basis for stroke prevention strategies. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for ischemic stroke have been identified and include age; gender; race/ethnicity; heredity; hypertension; cardiac disease, particularly atrial fibrillation; diabetes mellitus; hypercholesterolemia; cigarette smoking; and alcohol abuse. New risk factors, such as hypercoagulable states and patient foramen ovale, are currently being investigated. Follow-up studies have quantified case-fatality rates, early recurrence risk, and long-term mortality and recurrence risks. Despite advances in stroke prevention strategies and treatments, stroke recurrence is still the major threat to any stroke survivor. A major goal set by the Public Health Service in its National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for the year 2000 is "to reduce stroke deaths to no more than 20 per 100,000." Part of this can be achieved if the risk of stroke recurrence is reduced. However, the frequency and determinants of stroke recurrence are poorly understood. Data from epidemiologic studies can help identify risk factors and outcomes after ischemic stroke, as well as the selection of high-risk individuals for focused risk-factor modification. Current information on these topics is discussed.
An on-line shape-matching weld seam tracking system

Automatic welding technology continues to find a broader application in diverse industries due to its high efficiency and accuracy. In this work, an on-line laser-based machine vision system for seam tracking was developed. To achieve a reliable and accurate seam tracking process that is adaptive to different groove types, a shape-matching algorithm was proposed and implemented. The algorithm uses the previous groove shape as the template to locate the next groove shape. Tests on U-groove, tap-groove and free form groove have verified its adaptability and robustness to different groove types with noise. The shape-matching algorithm also enables the seam tracking system to automatically localize the starting and finishing point of the weld seam. A FIFO based queue was defined and implemented to tackle the lag distance problem between the heat source and the vision sensor. The tracking algorithm, along with the FIFO queue was successfully verified on a sine-shaped seam. A tracking accuracy ofźź0.5mm was achieved in this test, which is acceptable in most of the arc welding applications. A seam tracking system with high adaptability to groove types was developed.The system is able to localize the starting/finishing point of the weld seam.A FIFO based queue was implemented to tackle the lag distance problem.The system was verified on a sine-shaped seam with an accuracy of ź0.5mm.
Optically induced birefringence in TI:Al2O3

We have observed optically induced birefringence1 in Ti:AI2O3 at signal wavelengths of 632.8 and 790.7 nm during the course of small-signal gain measurements2 on a Ti:AI2O3 amplifier pumped with 532-nm radiation from a frequency-doubled Q-switched (10-ns pulse) Nd:YAG laser. The changes in intensity of the signal beam due to induced birefringence were found to decay with a time constant characteristic of the fluorescence lifetime of Ti3+ ions. We, therefore, attribute the induced birefringence to the Ti3+ excited-state (2Eg) population.
Safety of prolonged ischemic arrest using hypothermic cardioplegia.

An evaluation was carried out of 200 consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac operations. Hypothermic potassium (25 mEq/L) crystalloid cardioplegia was used for myocardial preservation during ischemic arrest. The purpose of this study was to determine if the length of cardioplegic arrest correlated with any parameter of myocardial injury, operative morbidity, or mortality. There were 154 patients undergoing coronary revascularization (CBG) and 46 valve replacement of repair (VR/R). The duration of cardioplegic arrest varied from 17 to 187 minutes. Eighteen patients (12%) in the CBG group and 11 (24%) in the VR/R group had arrest times of greater than 2 hours. In the CBG group, serum enzyme measurements, the incidence of inotropic support, perioperative myocardial infarction, and operative mortality rate did not correlate with the duration of ischemic arrest. In the VR/R group, however, the CPK-MB level increased in proportion to the duration of ischemia; none of the other parameters changed significantly. Myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 3.7% of the coronary bypass (CBG) patients having cardioplegic arrest times of less than 120 minutes and in none of the 18 patients having longer arrest times. Three operative infarcts occurred in the VR/R group, two between 60 and 90 minutes of arrest and one between 120 and 150 minutes. The only clinical manifestation of prolonged cardioplegic arrest in the CBG patients was an increase in the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias. The results of this study support the safety of prolonged (3 hour) cardioplegic arrest under appropriate hypothermic conditions in the CBG group, but not necessarily in the VR/R group, where increased myocardial enzyme generation was noted. The proper reduction of myocardial temperature in the use of multidose cardioplegia is considered essential for optimal preservation.
Non-Canonical NF-Kb Signaling Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Microenvironment Interactions

Abstract Abstract 859 RelB and NF-kB2 are the main effectors of NF-kB non-canonical signaling and play critical roles in many physiological processes. However, their role in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) maintenance has not been characterized. To investigate this, we generated RelB/NF-kB2 double-knockout (dKO) mice and found that dKO HSPCs have profoundly impaired engraftment and self-renewal activity after transplantation into wild-type recipients. Transplantation of wild-type bone marrow cells into dKO mice to assess the role of the dKO microenvironment showed that wild-type HSPCs cycled more rapidly, were more abundant, and had developmental aberrancies: increased myeloid and decreased lymphoid lineages, similar to dKO HSPCs. Notably, when these wild-type cells were returned to normal hosts, these phenotypic changes were reversed, indicating a potent but transient phenotype conferred by the dKO microenvironment. However, dKO bone marrow stromal cell numbers were reduced, and bone-lining niche cells supported less HSPC expansion than controls. Further, increased dKO HSPC proliferation was associated with impaired expression of niche adhesion molecules by bone-lining cells and increased inflammatory cytokine expression by bone marrow cells. Thus, RelB/NF-kB2 signaling positively and intrinsically regulates HSPC self-renewal and maintains stromal/osteoblastic niches and negatively and extrinsically regulates HSPC expansion and lineage commitment through the marrow microenvironment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A phase I study of MK-2206 in combination with lapatinib in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors.

2607 Background: The AKT protein kinase is a key mediator of signaling in the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) pathway. HER2 inhibition can result in feedback regulation of signaling...
Investigating the Power of Authentically Caring Student-Teacher Relationships for Latinx Students

ABSTRACTCulturally responsive and authentically caring pedagogy is vitally important to academic success for Latinx students. This type of teaching is based on reciprocal relationships between students and teachers, and incorporates students’ funds of knowledge. This qualitative case study brings the voices of Latinx students to the forefront by examining how their teachers help create “funds of caring” for the students by cultivating authentically caring relationships, and by highlighting what these relationships mean for the students. Findings show that teachers can make school a meaningful and positive experience for Latinx youth by interacting with students in authentically caring ways.
ANN Based AGC for Hybrid Nuclear-Wind Power System

Zonal area around Nuclear Power Plant is kept vacant due to safety reasons. To increase the power output the wind mills can be implemented in the no man zone around nuclear plant if wind speed is appropriate. In this paper a hybrid nuclear-wind power system has been presented. Automatic Generation Control is implemented for frequency and power stability of integrated hybrid system which consist of proportional, integral and derivative controller. The controller is tuned by Ziegler Nichols, Nonlinear Control Design and Artificial Neural Network technique. Artificial Neural Network based Automatic Generation Controlled hybrid nuclear-wind power system gives better results.
Relative efficacy of T cell stimuli as inducers of productive HIV-1 replication in latently infected CD4 lymphocytes from patients on suppressive cART

Quantification of cell-associated replication-competent HIV, in blood samples from patients with undetectable plasma viremia, requires specialized culture conditions that include exogenous pan T cell stimulation. Different research groups have used several stimuli for this purpose; however, the relative efficacies of these T cell stimuli to induce productive HIV replication from latently infected cells ex vivo have not been systematically evaluated. To this end, we compared four commonly used T cell stimuli: 1) irradiated allogeneic cells plus phytohaemagglutinin (PHA); 2) PHA alone; 3) phorbol myristate acetate plus Ionomycin; and 4) immobilized αCD3 plus αCD28 antibodies. End-point dilutions of patient CD4 T cells were performed, using virion RNA production to quantify HIV induction. Our results demonstrated that these activation approaches were not equivalent and that antibody cross-linking of CD3 and CD28 membrane receptors was the most effective means to activate HIV replication from a resting cell state, closely followed by stimulation with irradiated allogeneic cells plus PHA.
Feeding an enhanced diet to Holstein heifers during the preweaning period alters steroid receptor expression and increases cellular proliferation

ABSTRACT Preweaning diet and estradiol treatment alters mammary development. Our objectives were to study the effects of diet and estradiol on proliferation of mammary epithelial cells and expression of estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and progesterone receptors (PGR) in these cells. Thirty-six Holstein heifer calves were raised on (1) a control milk replacer fed at 0.44 kg of powder/head per day, dry matter (DM) basis (restricted, R; 20.9% crude protein, 19.8% fat, DM basis), or (2) an enhanced milk replacer fed at 1.08 kg of powder/head per day, DM basis (Enhanced, EH; 28.9% crude protein, 26.2% fat, DM basis). Milk replacer was fed for 8 wk. At weaning, a subset (n = 6/diet) of calves were euthanized and had tissue harvested. Remaining calves received estradiol implants (E 2 ) or placebo and were euthanized at wk 10 to harvest tissue. Treatments were (1) R, (2) R + E 2 (R-E2), (3) EH, and (4) EH + E 2 (EH-E2). One day before euthanasia calves were given bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU; 5 mg/kg of body weight). At euthanization, mammary parenchyma was removed and fixed. Tissue sections from zone 1 (cisternal), 2 (medial), and 3 (distal) within the mammary gland were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and antibodies to measure expression of ESR1, PGR, and incorporation of BrdU. At wk 8, R-fed calves had more PGR-expressing cells in distal parenchyma; however, PGR expression intensity was greater in EH-fed calves. The proportion of cells expressing ESR1 was not affected by diet, but expression intensity (receptors per positive cell) was greater in EH-fed calves across all zones (62–81%). Overall, the percent BrdU-positive epithelial cells was 2 and 0.5 fold greater for EH-fed calves in zone 2 and 3. The proportion of labeled cells was greater in terminal ductal units than in subtending ducts, and treatment effects were more evident in terminal ductal units. At wk 10, calves treated with estradiol had 3.9-fold greater PGR expression intensity. The intensity and percent of cells expressing ESR1 was lowest in estradiol-treated calves. Overall, estradiol-treated calves had the greatest number of proliferating epithelial cells. Moreover, in zone 3, EH-E2 calves had a higher percentage of proliferating cells than in all other treatments. Results indicate both diet and estradiol administration alter proliferation rates of the mammary epithelium and that changes in expression of ESR1 and PGR are involved in enhanced mammary development. The data support our hypothesis that enhanced preweaning feeding increases the mammary tissue responsiveness to mammogenic stimulation.
The clinical significance of hypercontractile peristalsis: comparison of high-resolution manometric features, demographics, symptom presentation, and response to therapy in patients with Jackhammer esophagus versus Nutcracker esophagus.

The Chicago Classification version 3.0 (CC v 3.0) defines hypercontractile peristalsis as Jackhammer esophagus (JE); Nutcracker esophagus (NE) is no longer recognized. Data regarding patient characteristics and treatment response for JE versus NE are limited. We aimed to compare demographic characteristics, high resolution manometry (HRM) features, clinical presentation, management strategies, and treatment outcomes in patients with JE versus NE. We performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients diagnosed with NE (CC v 2.0) or JE (CC v 3.0) by HRM from January 2012 to August 2015. Demographics, symptoms, treatments, and response to therapy (none or partial/complete) were ascertained by chart review, for statistical comparisons. In 45 patients with JE and 29 with NE, there was no significant difference in rate of dysphagia (73% and 59%) or chest pain (44% and 59%). Treatment data were available in 29 JE (smooth muscle relaxants in 4, pain modulators in 3, botulinum toxin injection (BTX) in 10, endoscopic dilation in 5, multimodal treatment in 7), and 20 NE patients (smooth muscle relaxants in 2, pain modulators in 2, (BTX) in 6, endoscopic dilation in 3, multimodal treatment in 7). Follow-up data on 26/29 JE and 20/20 NE patients showed similar treatment response (96.4% vs. 82.1%, p= 0.08) after mean follow-up of 11.2 and 11 months, respectively. There were no major differences for JE versus NE in demographics, symptoms, or type of and response to therapy. Larger prospective, controlled trials are needed to clarify the clinical significance and response to treatment in JE and NE.
Strategies for stable attenuation compensation in reverse‐time migration

Attenuation in seismic wave propagation is a common cause for poor illumination of subsurface structures. Attempts to compensate for amplitude loss in seismic images by amplifying the wavefield may boost high-frequency components, such as noise, and create undesirable imaging artefacts. In this paper, rather than amplifying the wavefield directly, we develop a stable compensation operator using stable division. The operator relies on a constant-Qwave equation with decoupled fractional Laplacians and compensates for the full attenuation phenomena by performing wave extrapolation twice. This leads to two new imaging conditions to compensate for attenuation in reverse-time migration. A time-dependent imaging condition is derived by applying Q-compensation in the frequency domain, whereas a time-independent imaging condition is formed in the image space by calculating image normalisation weights. We demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed methods using three synthetic examples. We found that the proposed methods are capable of properly compensating for attenuation without amplifying high-frequency noise in the data.
Leibniz on determinateness and possible worlds

Leibniz argues that God doesn't create everything possible because not all possible things are compossible, that is, compatible with each other. Much recent debate has focused on Leibniz's conception of compossibility. One important aspect of this debate, which has not been examined directly, is the distinction between possible worlds and possible creations: the notion of possible world is more robust than simply whatever God can create. Many commentators have relied on this distinction without a clear formulation of it. I develop the distinction between possible worlds and possible creations by looking at how Leibniz characterizes what God is capable of creating. I argue that possible creations must be both logically consistent and determinate. Possible creations differ from possible worlds insofar as possible creations fail to be either maximal or harmonious. I conclude, therefore, that focusing on the notion of determinateness offers a new approach to answering the question why doesn't God create everything possible?
Barriers to Independent Living: Unmet Apparel Needs for People Living with Disabilities

People living with a disability (PLWD) struggle to find apparel that fits their needs and the appropriateness of the activities they wish to engage. These unmet apparel needs create barriers to social participation, , and also extend into areas that impact educational and employment opportunities affecting their quality of life (Corrigan, Larson, & Rusch, 2009; Kabel, McBee-Black, & Dimka, 2016). Wingate, Kaiser, & Freeman (1985) suggest that lack of appropriate apparel can make PLWD feel isolated, and Lamb (2001) argued that more research is needed to investigate the barriers that exist for PLWD and the extent to which apparel contributes to social exclusion. Using the social model of disability this qualitative research study was designed to explore the unmet apparel needs of PLWD. The results from the study suggest that identified unmet apparel needs negatively impact the social lives of PLWD, which supports the social model of disability.
Spontaneous topological charging of tactoids in a living nematic

Living nematic is a realization of an active matter combining a nematic liquid crystal with swimming bacteria. The material exhibits a remarkable tendency towards spatio-temporal self-organization manifested in formation of dynamic textures of self-propelled half-integer topological defects (disclinations). Here we report on the study of such living nematic near normal inclusions, or tactoids, naturally realized in liquid crystals close to the isotropic-nematic (I–N) phase transition. On the basis of the computational analysis, we have established that tactoid's I–N interface spontaneously acquire negative topological charge which is proportional to the tactoid's size and depends on the concentration of bacteria. The observed negative charging is attributed to the drastic difference in the mobilities of +1/2 and −1/2 topological defects in active systems. The effect is described in the framework of a kinetic theory for point-like weakly-interacting defects with different mobilities. Our dedicated experiment fully confirmed the theoretical prediction. The results hint into new strategies for control of active matter.
Immunoglobulin structures at high resolution.

Prior to the advent of high-resolution x-ray diffraction, the work of many chemists and physical chemists had led to a “low-resolution” picture of the antibody molecule that is summarized in Fig. 1 (Edelman and Gall, 1969; Metzger, 1970; Gaily, 1973; Cathou and Dorrington, 1975). The molecule consists of pairs of identical chains, two light (L) and two heavy (H). The basic early work of Porter (1959) showed that mild proteolysis would cleave the molecule into three fragments of roughly equal molecular weight, two Fabs and one Fc. This cleavage is now known to occur in the middle of the H chain in a “hinge” region that is particularly susceptible to proteolytic attack. The hinge region contains about 25 amino acids and frequently contains large amounts of proline. It permits a considerable degree of segmental flexibility in the intact molecule, allowing the Fab portions of some immunoglobulins to pivot with respect to the Fc in such a way that the molecule can assume a variety of shapes from an acute Y to a T (see Metzger, 1974).
The Prolamin Proteins of Maize, Sorghum and Coix

The prolamin proteins of maize and its close relatives, sorghum and Coix, share common structural features. These proteins are classified as α-, β-, γ- and δ-types, based on structural homology and solubility characteristics. Each of these proteins has a distinct spatial distribution within the protein bodies, which form as accretions within the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. There is increasing evidence that several of these proteins, notably the β- and γ-zeins, play important roles in initiating and organizing the protein body. These prolamins are devoid of lysine and tryptophan, two essential amino acids for monogastric animals. Since prolamins account for approximately 70% of the seed protein, these grains are of inferior quality for human and livestock nutrition. Interest in improving the protein quality of these cereals led to the identification of several maize mutants that alter the pattern of prolamin synthesis. One of these, opaque2, corresponds to a defective transcription factor that regulates α-zein gene expression, while another, floury2, is a mutant α-zein protein. Both mutations can cause pleiotropic effects that increase the lysine content of the seed, and hence the protein quality of the grain. Another mutant, opaque15, alters the synthesis of the γ-zein protein. This reduces the number of protein bodies that form, which appears to have a major effect of the texture of the grain. By over-producing γ-zein in an opaque2 mutant, plant breeders have produced a new type of corn, “Quality Protein Maize”, which has excellent protein quality.
Iva corbinii (Asteraceae): A Remarkable New Species from Travis County, Texas

Iva corbinii is described from the Colorado River bottoms of Travis County, Texas, to which it appears restricted. It is a remarkably distinct species, having predominately axillary, single heads; its closest relationship appears to be with I. axillaris, but differs from that taxon by numerous traits, most noteworthy by its involucres, which are composed of non-united bracts, suggesting a primitive position in the genus Iva. A photograph of the type collection is provided, along with a colored picture of its eponymous collector standing amongst a living population of the taxon.
Impact of probation interventions on drug use outcomes for youths under probation supervision

Abstract Use of drugs and alcohol by justice-involved youths is a longstanding concern for juvenile justice policy-makers and researchers. However, little explored in this research is how the tactics and strategies employed by probation officers with this population impacts drug use outcomes. This study explored the effects of four types of probation strategies (positive pressure, negative pressure, parental involvement, treatment referrals) on 12-month drug use trajectories in a sample of 144 youths under probation supervision. Multilevel negative binomial regression models found that positive pressures (incentives & rewards) reduced drug use when negative pressures (threats & confrontation) were minimized. More frequent parental involvement early in the course of probation was associated with reduced drug use for girls, and was associated with increased drug use for both boys and girls later during the probation period. Finally, early referral to drug treatment programs was associated with reduced drug use outcomes. These findings suggest practical program and policy strategies to reduce drug use among probation-involved youths.
Inconsistent diagnostic criteria for convergence insufficiency.

Background Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common entity but seems to be an ill-defined diagnosis that incorporates many near-vision symptoms. The current literature often varies in its criteria for diagnosis. Without a clear definition and standardization of the clinical examination, there is the potential for misdiagnosis and/or the inclusion of other diagnoses as CI. The purpose of this study was to assess the uniformity of diagnostic criteria in a well-defined practice environment. Methods The medical records of individuals diagnosed with CI between June 2007 and November 2014 who were patients of 6 fellowship-trained strabismologists in private practices and at Wills Eye Hospital clinics were reviewed retrospectively. Exclusion criteria included any previous treatments for CI, prior strabismus surgery, or other causes for strabismus, including cranial nerve palsies. The following data were collected: age, sex, race, age at diagnosis, past medical and family history, relevant symptoms, visual acuity, near point of convergence (NPC), strabismus measurements, and fusional amplitudes at distance with base-out and base-in prisms. Results A total of 387 patients fit our inclusion criteria and were analyzed in our study. There was no uniformity across clinicians in the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of patients with CI. The amplitude of the NPC was highly variable, and most clinicians did not assess the quality of the convergence movement or perform convergence fusional amplitude testing in making the diagnosis of CI. Conclusions Our review has demonstrated the range of criteria within one group of practitioners to diagnose CI. This may reflect our current understanding and the need for an evidence-based definition of the disease and its diagnosis.
Reshaping Future Computing Systems With Emerging Nonvolatile Memory Technologies

nonvolatile memory (eNVM) technology is an important sector in both academic research and memory industry for more than a decade. Following the maturing of fabrication process, eNVMs started to demonstrate their unique properties in data storage and computing. This paper provides a short review of the eNVM technologies and their applications in future memory hierarchy and computing systems.
Individual and Population Level Variation in the Reproductive Potential of Deep-Sea Corals From Different Regions Within the Gulf of Maine

Deep-sea corals are of conservation concern in the North Atlantic due to prolonged disturbances associated with the exploitation of natural resources and a changing environment. As a result, two research cruises in the Gulf of Maine region during 2014 and 2017 collected samples of two locally dominant coral species, Primnoa resedaeformis and Paramuricea placomus, at six locations to investigate reproductive ecology. Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) were used to collect specimens that were examined via paraffin histology, and coincident video surveys were used to determine size class distributions. Both species were identified as gonochoristic, and sampled locations exhibited dissimilarities in spermatocyst development and oocyte size except for those in close geographic proximity. Fecundities exhibited substantial ranges across sample locations and average oocyte sizes ( SD) were 140  117 m for P. resedaeformis and 64  46 m for P. placomus. In addition, colony size distributions were also significantly different across sampling locations. Notably, the Outer Schoodic Ridge sample location, with larger colony and oocyte sizes, was identified as a potential key source population of reproductive material in the Gulf of Maine. These data were used to calculate differences in reproductive potential based on relationships between colony morphology and reproductive output using height as a predictive proxy. Furthermore, calculated age at first reproduction, 7.6-19.8 years for P. resedaeformis and 20.7-37 years for P. placomus, which may be dependent on sex of the colony, provides a metric for estimating the amount of time these coral habitats will take to recover. This investigation, in response to historical population impacts and environmental change, links reproductive and morphometric relationships to inform population scale reproductive models, while also establishing an understanding of regional scale gametogenic variability within the Gulf of Maine region.
The effect of co-adsorbed solvent molecules on H2 binding to metal alkoxides.

The introduction of metal alkoxides has been proposed as an attractive option to enhance hydrogen binding energies in porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for room-temperature hydrogen storage applications. The presence of residual solvent molecules from MOF synthesis can, however, affect the performance of these functional groups. We perform quantum chemical calculations to predict solvent binding energies onto the metal-alkoxides and the temperatures required to drive off the solvent molecules and successfully activate porous materials with these moieties. Calculations are performed for Li, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Ni alkoxides and chloroform (CHCl3), dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol, methanol, and water solvent molecules. We identify CHCl3 as a promising solvent that can be removed from these alkoxides at mild temperatures, whereas DMF binds strongly to the metal alkoxides and removal would require temperatures above the present upper bound of thermal stability in MOFs. As a second objective, we calculated the binding energies of hydrogen to metal alkoxide–solvent complexes to explore the effect of any solvent molecules that cannot be removed.
Chemogenetic stimulation of the infralimbic cortex reverses alcohol-induced fear memory overgeneralization

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are often comorbid. Drinking tends to increase following trauma, which may exacerbate PTSD-related symptoms. Despite a clear relationship between excessive alcohol use and PTSD, how alcohol impacts the expression of traumatic fear remains unclear. This study aims to determine the neurobehavioral impact of chronic alcohol (ethanol; EtOH) on the expression of established fear memories in C57BL/6 N mice. We show that chronic EtOH selectively augments cued fear memory generalization and impairs fear extinction retrieval, leaving the expression of the original cued response intact. Immunohistochemistry for Arc/arg3.1 (Arc) revealed EtOH-induced decreases in Arc expression in the infralimbic cortex (IL) and basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) that were associated with cued fear memory overgeneralization. Chemogenetic stimulation of IL pyramidal neurons reversed EtOH-driven fear memory overgeneralization, identifying a role for the IL in cued fear memory precision. Considering the modulatory influence of the IL over conditioned fear expression, these data suggest a model whereby chronic EtOH-driven neuroadaptations in the IL promote fear memory overgeneralization. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into how excessive alcohol use, following exposure to a traumatic event, can exacerbate symptoms of traumatic fear.
Effects of antibiotic-free pig rearing on ammonia emissions from five pairs of swine rooms in a wean-to-finish experiment

Antibiotic use and ammonia (NH3) emissions during animal production are two environmental issues of worldwide concern. However, the role of antibiotics on NH3 emissions is still unknown. This study evaluated the effects of rearing pigs without antibiotics on NH3 emissions from a swine experimental building starting with 657 piglets during a wean-to-finish production cycle of 154 days. Pigs were reared in two groups of 10 rooms that were divided into five 2-room pairs (P1-P5) and fed in nine dietary phases. Each pair consisted of one room without antibiotics (no antibiotics in the diet, water, or injectable) and another room as a positive control. Control animals were fed diets containing carbadox-10 (phases 1-4), chlortetracycline (CTC, phase 5), lincomix (phases 6-7), and tylan 40 (phases 8-9). Temperatures in the pig living space and the under-floor manure pit headspace were continuously measured. Ventilation rates at all wall fans and pit fans were obtained by continuous monitoring. Ammonia concentrations in the wall and pit fan exhaust air, and in room inlet air were measured with two multi-gas monitors. Only days that contained at least 18 h of data each day were validated and used. The study generated 1337 room-days of valid data of NH3 emission rates, with a data completeness of 88.6%. Daily mean NH3 emission patterns demonstrated large variations between the paired rooms and among different pairs. Within the individual 2-room pairs, no NH3 emission differences were found in P1 (rooms 1 and 2, p = 0.34) and P2 (rooms 3 and 4, p = 0.44). Significant differences were found in P3-P5 (p < 0.01). The antibiotic-free rooms emitted more NH3 from P3 and P4, but less NH3 from P5. However, the combined cycle mean NH3 emissions from the group of five antibiotic-free rooms and the group of five control rooms were 41.6 ± 10.5 and 39.4 ± 10.6 g d-1 AU-1 (mean ± standard deviation. AU = 500 kg live body weight), respectively. Therefore, there was no statistical difference in combined cycle mean NH3 emissions from rearing pigs with or without antibiotics (p = 0.78). This study also revealed that experiments with multiple replicates and long NH3 monitoring durations were necessary to avoid potential misinterpretation of experimental results.