cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and development of microbioreactors for long-term cell culture in controlled oxygen microenvironments

The ability to control the oxygen level to which cells are exposed in tissue culture experiments is crucial for many applications. Here, we design, develop and test a microbioreactor (MBR) for long-term cell culture studies with the capability to accurately control and continuously monitor the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the cell microenvironment. In addition, the DO level can be controlled independently from other cues, such as the viscous shear-stress acting on the cells. We first analyze the transport of oxygen in the proposed device and determine the materials and dimensions that are compatible with uniform oxygen tension and low shear-stress at the cell level. The device is also designed to culture a statistically significant number of cells. We use fully transparent materials and the overall design of the device is compatible with live-cell imaging. The proposed system includes real-time read-out of actual DO levels, is simple to fabricate at low cost, and can be easily expanded to control the concentration of other microenvironmental solutes. We performed control experiments in the absence of cells to demonstrate that the MBR can be used to accurately modulate DO levels ranging from atmospheric level to 1%, both under no flow and perfusion conditions. We also demonstrate cancer cell attachment and viability within the MBR. The proposed MBR offers the unprecedented capability to perform on-line measurement and analysis of DO levels in the microenvironment of adherent cultures and to correlate them with various cellular responses.
A persistent imbalance in HO x and NO x photochemistry of the upper troposphere driven by deep tropical convection

Convection in the tropics turns over the upper troposphere at rates (0.08 d−1) comparable to photochemical processes controlling the absolute abundance of HOx (OH + HO2) and the abundance of NOx (NO + NO2) relative to HNO3. Here we identify convection of boundary-layer CH3OOH as a primary source of HOx to the upper troposphere. Turnover of NOx leads to NO/HNO3 ratios much higher than predicted for local photochemical steady-state. Through convective transport the upper troposphere is more photochemically active in producing O3, an important greenhouse gas.
Synthesis and characterization of long chain alkyl acyl carnitine esters. Potentially biodegradable cationic lipids for use in gene delivery

A series of alkyl acyl carnitine esters (alkyl 3-acyloxy-4-trimethylammonium butyrate chloride) were synthesized as potential biocompatible cationic lipids for use in gene transfer. The physicochemical properties of the lipids, liposomes prepared from them, and their complexes with DNA were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size, zeta potential, and surface monolayer measurements. The transition temperatures and behavior at an air-water interface for this series are similar to phosphatidylcholines with the same hydrocarbon chain length. The physical properties of the l derivatives were not significantly different from the dl derivatives. At 70 degrees C, the acyl chains were readily hydrolyzed at pH 7. The influence of the aliphatic chain length (n = 12-18) on transfection efficiency in vitro was determined using cationic liposomes prepared from these lipids or their mixtures with the helper lipids, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, monooleoylglycerol, and cholesterol (Chol). The mixture of myristyl 3-myristoyloxy-4-trimethylammonium butyrate chloride (MMCE, 4d) with DOPE at a 1:1 molar ratio mediated the highest transfection efficiency in cell culture. The mixture of oleyl 3-oleoyloxy-4-trimethylammonium butyrate chloride (OOCE, 4f) with Chol at a 1:1 molar ratio gave the highest transfection efficiency after intravenous administration in mice. In vivo gene expression using 4f was comparable to values obtained with the best cationic lipids reported to date.
Hierarchical logistic regression models for clustered binary outcomes in studies of IVF-ET.

Abstract Objective: To describe a hierarchical logistic regression model for clustered binary data, apply it to data from a study on the effect of hydrosalpinx on embryo implantation, and compare the results with analyses that do not account for clustering. Design: Observational study. Setting: Academic research environment. Patient(s): Women undergoing IVF-ET for tubal disease. Main Outcome Measure(s): Odds of per embryo implantation. Result(s): Although regression estimates are largely similar between the models, the hierarchical model properly reflects the added variation due to clustering. Standard errors are higher, confidence intervals are wider, and P values indicate fewer "statistically significant" effects. Conclusion(s): Ignoring important sources of variation in any analysis can lead to incorrect confidence intervals and P values. In studies of IVF-ET, where clustered data are common, unexplained heterogeneity can be substantial. In this setting, hierarchical logistic regression is an appropriate alternative to standard logistic regression.
A new technique for measuring the strangeness content of the proton on the lattice

Abstract A new technique for computing the strangeness content of the proton on the lattice is described. It is applied to the calculation of the strange quark contribution to the proton's spin, speciafically to the evaluation of the matrix element 〈ps\ s γ μ γ 5 S\ps〉 . Preliminary results are consistent with the EMC experiment, and with zero.
Torture and execution of surrogate kinsmen in two societies: the Ainu and the Tupinamba.

Summary This paper examines some striking parallels between rituals of two geographically distinct aboriginal groups, the Ainu of northern Japan and the Tupinamba of Brazil. In each case an outsider—a bear for the Ainu and a captive in warfare for the Tupinamba—is “adopted” into the group for a time, treated as a kinsman, and then eventually tortured and killed. It is suggested that these similar rituals may have provided effective mechanisms for the refocusing of ingroup aggression upon nonmembers, and hence acted as safeguards against disruptive activity within the group.
Generalized sampling and the perfect reconstruction problem for maximally decimated filter banks

A digital signal (x(n)) is used as a common input to a parallel bank of m digital linear shift-invariant (LSI) analysis filters. The m filter outputs are then both downsampled (decimated) by a factor of m and unsampled (interpolated) by the same factor m in each channel. The perfect reconstruction problem is that of finding digital synthesis filters in each channel such that an additive combination of these filter outputs results in restoration of the original sequence. It is shown that a solution of the perfect reconstruction problem in the digital domain can be obtained from the solution of a corresponding analog generalized sampling problem using a bandlimited input (which interpolates the discrete input at integer points) and analog filters that are simply related to the given digital filters of the maximally decimated filter bank. >
Middle Oligocene cooling from Equatorial Pacific DSDP Site 77B

An apparently complete 150-m Oligocene sequence of pelagic sediment at equatorial Pacific Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 77B has been analyzed for stable-isotope and quantitative planktonic foraminiferal studies. Lower abundance of inferred warm-water species and enrichment of 18 O and 12 C in foraminiferal tests during the interval 29 to 32 m.y. ago suggest cooler climate, lowered sea level, and significant volume of continental ice compared to earlier and later times in the Oligocene.
Endovascular Gene Delivery from a Stent Platform: Gene- Eluting Stents

A synergistic impact of research in the fields of post-angioplasty restenosis, drug-eluting stents and vascular gene therapy over the past 15 years has shaped the concept of gene-eluting stents. Gene-eluting stents hold promise of overcoming some biological and technical problems inherent to drug-eluting stent technology. As the field of gene-eluting stents matures it becomes evident that all three main design modules of a gene-eluting stent: a therapeutic transgene, a vector and a delivery system are equally important for accomplishing sustained inhibition of neointimal formation in arteries treated with gene delivery stents. This review summarizes prior work on stent-based gene delivery and discusses the main optimization strategies required to move the field of gene-eluting stents to clinical translation.
Triple flame: Inherent asymmetries and pentasectional character

A two-dimensional triple-flame numerical model of a laminar combustion process reflects flame asymmetric structural features that other analytical models do not generate. It reveals the pentasectional character of the triple flame, composed of the central pure diffusion-flame branch and the fuel-rich and fuel-lean branches, each of which is divided into two sections: a near-stoichiometric section and a previously unreported near-flammability-limits section with combined diffusion and premixed character. Results include propagation velocity, fuel and oxidiser mass fractions, temperature and reaction rates. Realistic stoichiometric ratios and reaction orders match experimental planar flame characteristics. Constant density, a one-step reaction, and a mixture fraction gradient at the inlet as the simulation parameter are imposed. The upstream equivalence ratio or the upstream reactant mass fractions are linear or hyperbolic functions of the transverse coordinate. The use here of experimental kinetics data di...
A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN ON-LINE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AND TUTORING SYSTEM*

ASSISTments is a web-based math tutor designed to address the need for timely student assessment while simultaneously providing instruction, thereby avoiding lost instruction time that typically occurs during assessment. This article presents a quasi-experiment that evaluates whether ASSISTments use has an effect on improving middle school students’ year-end test scores. The data was collected from 1240 seventh graders in three treatment schools and one comparison school. Post-test (7th grade year-end test) results indicate, after adjusting for the pre-test (6th grade year-end test), that students in the treatment schools significantly outperformed students in the comparison school and the difference was especially present for special education students. A usage analysis reveals that greater student use of ASSISTments is associated with greater learning consistent with the hypothesis that it is useful as a tutoring system. We also found evidence consistent with the hypothesis that teachers adapt their whole class instruction based on overall
Development of Agranulocytosis During Anti-Amebic Therapy with Milibis: Case Report

Summary A case of agranulocytosis occurring during Milibis administration is described. Recovery took place following discontinuance of Milibis and prompt use of antibiotic agents.
Gene-expression profiling for discovery of novel markers of minimal disease

To the Editor: As Cheung et al. ([1][1]) report, accurate assessment of minimal disease is essential to inform the fight to cure children with neuroblastoma. Cheung et al. have exploited gene expression profiling to identify and prioritize targets for the detection of this disease using quantitative
Cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in Vietnam.

Background Vietnam is in the process of an epidemiological transition, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) now ranked as the leading cause of death. The burden of CVD will continue to rise unless effective interventions for addressing its underlying risk factors are put in place. Objectives To assess the costs, health effects and cost-effectiveness of a set of personal and non-personal prevention strategies to reduce CVD in Vietnam, including mass media campaigns for reducing consumption of salt and tobacco, drugs for lowering blood pressure or cholesterol, and combined pharmacotherapy for people at varying levels of absolute risk of a cardiovascular event. Methods WHO-CHOICE methods and analytical models were employed, using local data to estimate the costs, effects and cost-effectiveness of 12 population and individual interventions implemented singly or in combination. Costs were measured in Vietnamese Dong for the year 2007 (discounted at a rate of 3% per year), while health effects were expressed in age-weighted and discounted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. Results A health education programme to reduce salt intake (VND 1 945 002 or US$118 per DALY averted) and individual treatment of systolic blood pressure above 160 mmHg (VND 1 281 596 or US$78 per DALY averted) were found to be the most cost-effective measures for population- and individual-based approaches, respectively. Where budget is very limited, a mass media education programme on salt intake and a combination mass media programme addressing salt intake, cholesterol and tobacco should be selected first. If more resources become available, greatest population health gains can be achieved via individual treatment of systolic blood pressure and the absolute risk approach to CVD prevention. Conclusions Contextualization of WHO-CHOICE using local data provides health decision-makers with more sound economic evidence for policy debates on prioritizing health interventions to reduce cardiovascular diseases in Vietnam. When used, cost-effectiveness analysis could increase efficiency in allocating scare resources.
Carrier recombination and generation rates for intravalley and intervalley phonon scattering in graphene

Electron-hole generation and recombination rates for intravalley and intervalley phonon scattering in graphene are presented. The transverse and the longitudinal optical phonon modes E2g modes near the zone center point contribute to intravalley interband carrier scattering. At the zone edge KK point, only the transverse optical phonon mode A 1 mode contributes significantly to intervalley interband scattering with recombination rates faster than those due to zone-center phonons. The calculated recombination times range from less than a picosecond to more than hundreds of picoseconds and are strong functions of temperature and electron and hole densities. The theoretical calculations agree well with experimental measurements of the recombination rates of photoexcited carriers in graphene.
A Comparison Between Whites and Blacks With Severe Multi-Organ Iron Overload Identified in 16,152 Autopsies

Background & Aims Little is known about differences in the prevalence of severe iron overload at death in whites and blacks. We evaluated data and samples from 16,152 autopsies (8484 whites, 7668 blacks) performed at a single university hospital. Methods Cases of severe multi-organ iron overload were identified by review of autopsy protocols and Perls-stained tissue specimens, analysis of hepatocyte and Kupffer cell iron levels, and measurement of liver tissue iron concentrations. Results We analyzed autopsy data from 10,345 adults (age ≥21 years), 1337 children (1–20 years), and 4470 infants ( P = .6494). Twenty-nine adults and 2 children had iron overload with reports of excessive exogenous iron. In adults, the prevalences of iron overload with reports of excessive exogenous iron in whites and blacks were 0.0040 and 0.0013, respectively ( P = .0107). Among adults, the prevalence of cirrhosis was 6-fold greater in those with iron overload. In adults with severe iron overload, 67% without reports of excessive exogenous iron and 14% with reports of excessive exogenous iron died of hepatic failure or cardiomyopathy caused by siderosis. The overall prevalence of deaths caused by severe iron overload in whites and blacks was 0.0021 and 0.0009, respectively ( P = .0842). Conclusions The prevalence of severe iron overload without reports of excessive exogenous iron did not differ significantly between whites and blacks. The prevalence of iron overload with reports of excessive exogenous iron was greater in whites. Hepatic failure and cardiomyopathy were common causes of death in severe iron overload cases.
INTERACTION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID AND INDOLE‐ACETIC ACID IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF WOUND VESSEL MEMBERS

Summary Sucrose-agar media supplemented with indole-acetic acid (0.05 ppm) and gibberellic acid (0.05 or 0.5 ppm) increased the formation of wound vessel members in transverse tissue slices excised from the second internode of Coletis blumeni (Bentb.) stems. The treated tissue slices showed the initiation of cambial activity, whorls of wound vessel members in the cortex, and adventitious root formation after prolonged incubation. Also, incompletely differentiated secondary xylem cells and wound vessel members were observed which exhibited relatively thin secondary wall striations, and stained weakly with phloroglucinol-HCl and Safranin O.
Effect of Modality in Earwitness Identification: Memory for Verbal and Nonverbal Auditory Stimuli Presented in Two Contexts

Psycholegal researches have largely ignored the relevance of nonverbal auditory information in earwitness memory, nor have they compared its retention with visual or verbal information. Memory of nonverbal auditory stimuli was investigated in two different contexts. In Experiment 1, participants recalled more sounds (i.e., nonverbal auditory stimuli) than the sounds' verbal labels. However, with a more ecologically valid method in Experiment 2, participants recalled more verbal stimuli in conjunction with visual information than they did nonverbal stimuli. Even after a 1-week delay, participants' retention of the verbal-visual combination was highest.
A secondary attachment site for bacteriophage λ in trpC of E. coli

Abstract We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a secondary λ attachment site in trpC . Direct sequence analysis of λ trp transducing phage DNA fragments carrying the two prophage attachment sites reveals a 6 nucleotide homology in the crossover region which is a subset of the 15 nucleotide core sequence in the primary λ attachment site: GCTTTTTTATACTAA. This 6 nucleotide sequence is also present in the intact trpC genome at the attachment site, as shown by analysis of trpC mRNA spanning this region.
Fibular free flaps in the management of osteomyelitis of the mandible

Background. Fibular free flaps are an alternative method in the management of chronic osteomyelitis of the man- dible without osteoradionecrosis. Methods. A prospective review of 2 cases of chronic osteo- myelitis of the mandible managed with a fibular free flap was conducted. Patient satisfaction and aesthetic results were exam- ined. Follow-up to 9 months was achieved and radiographic studies conducted. The current literature on the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible and the use of free flaps in its management was reviewed. Results. The 2 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the man- dible whose conservative management failed were effectively treated with the use of a fibular free flap reconstruction. Conclusion. Microvascular reconstruction with a fibular free flap should be considered as a treatment option in the manage- ment of chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible. V
Backscattering simulation for nonuniform forest canopies using multilayer MIMICS

In this paper, we introduce a multilayer MIMICS for nonuniform forest canopies and present the model applications. The Michigan Microwave Canopy Scattering model (MIMICS) has been developed to simulate microwave backscattering from tree canopies. However, the crown-trunk canopy model is too restrictive for nonuniform canopy coverage. Multilayer MIMICS is developed to remove the two-layer canopy restriction. The model is a simulation solution to an array of radiative transfer equations and it includes the layer interactions between overlapping layers. This paper is focused on the model validation and application of multilayer MIMICS. Our collaborators have supplied us with extensive ground truth data from a 220,000 ha woodland and forest study areas within central Queensland, Australia. The field measurement is at the individual tree level. We can simulate the polarimetric backscattering for the ground measurement. AIRSAR data of the same area are obtained to validate the model simulation. The results show good agreement between the model simulation and SAR measurements. Analyzing an individual layer's contribution offers better understanding of canopy composition effects on backscattering. The multilayer canopy configuration improves the estimate accuracy over that from a crown-trunk layer model, as in the older version of MIMICS.
Unusually large subsidence and sea-level events during middle Paleozoic time: New evidence supporting mantle convection models, for supercontinent assembly

New evidence from basin modeling documents a nearly synchronous episode of rapid subsidence between Middle Devonian and earliest Mississippian time in almost all preexisting margins and interior basins of North America. The subsidence events appear to have been accompanied by a large sea-level rise relative to the stable cratonic platform. Herein we suggest that the timing and magnitude of basin subsidence and sea-level change are compatible with predictions by recent mantle-convection models for the assembly of supercontinents. If so, the sea-level and subsidence events were consequences of the onset of accretion of Pangea above a major zone of mantle downwelling.
INSTABILITY ISSUES AT THE SNS STORAGE RING

The impedance and beam instability issues of the SNS storage ring is reviewed, and the effort toward solutions at the BNL is reported. Some unsettled issues will be raised, indicating the direction of planned works.
Measurements of the Turbulent Boundary Layer under Pack Ice

Abstract The mean and turbulent flow structure under pack ice was measured during the 1972 AIDJEK pilot study with small mechanical current meter triplets at eight levels in the planetary boundary layer. CTD profiles showed a well-mixed layer of nearly neutral stability to about 35 m, bounded below by a strong pycnocline. The skin friction velocity u* was determined by measuring the Reynolds stress at 2 and 4 m below the ice (beyond the surface layer) and from consideration of other terms in the mean momentum equation. Local pressure gradients and advective acceleration due to topography could not be ignored; when an estimate of the effect was included, u* was 1.0±0.1 cm s−1 when the ice velocity relative to the ocean was 24 cm s−1. With the proper coordinate transformation, the planetary boundary layer of the ocean resembles that of the atmosphere. Composite averages of non-dimensional Reynolds stress and mean flow in the ocean, when compared with recent models of a neutrally buoyant, horizontally homoge...
Covariance-domain Dictionary Learning for Overcomplete EEG Source Identification

Author(s): Balkan, Ozgur; Kreutz-Delgado, Kenneth; Makeig, Scott | Abstract: We propose an algorithm targeting the identification of more sources than channels for electroencephalography (EEG). Our overcomplete source identification algorithm, Cov-DL, leverages dictionary learning methods applied in the covariance-domain. Assuming that EEG sources are uncorrelated within moving time-windows and the scalp mixing is linear, the forward problem can be transferred to the covariance domain which has higher dimensionality than the original EEG channel domain. This allows for learning the overcomplete mixing matrix that generates the scalp EEG even when there may be more sources than sensors active at any time segment, i.e. when there are non-sparse sources. This is contrary to straight-forward dictionary learning methods that are based on the assumption of sparsity, which is not a satisfied condition in the case of low-density EEG systems. We present two different learning strategies for Cov-DL, determined by the size of the target mixing matrix. We demonstrate that Cov-DL outperforms existing overcomplete ICA algorithms under various scenarios of EEG simulations and real EEG experiments.
EXPLOITING LEXICAL AMBIGUITY TO HELP STUDENTS UNDERSTAND THE MEANING OF RANDOM

Words that are part of colloquial English but used differently in a technical domain may possess lexical ambiguity. The use of such words by instructors may inhibit student learning if incorrect connections are made by students between the technical and colloquial meanings. One fundamental word in statistics that has lexical ambiguity for students is “random.” A suggestion in the literature to counteract the effects of lexical ambiguity and help students learn vocabulary is to exploit the lexical ambiguity of the words. This paper describes a teaching experiment designed to exploit the lexical ambiguities of random in the statistics classroom and provides preliminary results that indicate that such classroom interventions can be successful at helping students make sense of ambiguous words.
Brain and Free Will

That we have free will is a fact of experience. Furthermore, I state emphatically that to deny free will is neither a rational nor a logical act. This denial either presupposes free will for the deliberately chosen response in making that denial, which is a contradiction, or else it is merely the automatic response of a nervous system built by genetic coding and molded by conditioning. One does not conduct a rational argument with a being who makes the claim that all its responses are reflexes, no matter how complex and subtle the conditioning. For example, one should not argue with a Skinnerian, and moreover a Skinnerian should not engage in argument. Discourse becomes degraded into an exercise that is no more than conditioning and counter-conditioning—what we may characterize as Skinnerian games!
Research and statistics: searching for answers: strategies for searching the clinical literature.

1. Christine Briccetti, MD* 2. Peter Rowe, MD* 1. *Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. You are evaluating a 5-day-old infant whose newborn screen was reported as positive for primary congenital hypothyroidism. While you await the results of his thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid assessment, the family asks you about the accuracy of the newborn screening. They want to know how likely it is that their baby has primary congenital hypothyroidism. How would you get the information needed to answer their questions? MEDLINE is the National Library of Medicine's database of biomedical articles. PubMed (www.PubMed.org) is the free resource that is used most commonly to search the MEDLINE database. PubMed Clinical Queries (found under “PubMed Tools”) is a feature that can be accessed from the PubMed home page. This tool filters out information that is not likely to be useful clinically. Although not suited for extensive literature searches, this procedure is an excellent method to search for useful clinical information in a few minutes. The first step is to decide what question or information to enter into the search engine to obtain the most useful results. One approach is to …
Craniofacial heterochrony and sexual dimorphism in the short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

Craniofacial growth of the short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica , was measured to determine differences in growth between bones of the viscerocranium and of the neuro-cranium and between sexes. Initially, the relative lengths of neurocranial to viscerocranial bones were about the same for both sexes. Viscerocranial bones grew at a faster rate in both sexes, while neurocranial bones grew for a longer period of time at a slower rate. Although females exhibited faster rates of growth, they ultimately had smaller skulls than males, because males were initially larger and grew for a longer period of time. Differences in patterns of growth of the two regions of the skull probably are associated with changes in masticatory function due to weaning and development of the brain.
Evaluation of two insect growth regulators for the bait-block method of subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) control

The experimental insect growth regulators fenoxycarb (Ro 13-5223) and 2-[p-(m-Fluorophenoxy)phenoxy]ethyl ethylcarbamate (Ro 16-1295) appeared to be effective in the bait-block technique because they caused superfluous intercaste production without adversely affecting feeding of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. For R. virginicus , numbers of nonfunctional intercastes exceeded 50% at 4 weeks and survival was significantly reduced at 6 weeks. Larvae, workers, nymphs, and alates of this species developed morphological abnormalities. At 6 weeks, numbers of C. formosanus intercastes reached ca. 50%, but significant mortality was not observed. Differences in food substrate altered C. formosanus intercaste development; intercastes occurred on treated wood blocks but not on treated α-cellulose.
Is Telemental Health Services a Viable Alternative to Traditional Psychotherapy for Deaf Individuals

Access to mental health treatment is a vital part of a comprehensive health care plan. Deaf individuals often have difficulty accessing mental health services. Four-hundred twenty-two participants completed an anonymous questionnaire about their perspectives of telemental health services for deaf individuals. Results showed that several variables, such as if the participant was unable to receive another type of psychotherapy and whether the therapist was ASL-fluent, were significantly related to whether the respondent would use TMH. The participants reported that TMH services are a viable option for treating a variety of mental health issues. Telemental health services can act as a bridge between consumers of mental health care and their providers allowing accessible and equitable healthcare opportunities.
Post-traumatic bronchial stenosis and acute respiratory insufficiency

A 31-year-old woman sustained multiple injuries, including severe contusion of the right lung with massive subcutaneous emphysema. Four weeks later she was transferred to our institution with post-traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome and carbon dioxide retention, resulting from a postlaceration stenosis of the left main-stem bronchus. Bronchoplasty was contraindicated because of the serious condition of the patient. Repeated bronchial dilatations produced initial improvement in oxygenation and minute ventilation requirements. However, because of the nature of the stenosis and the lack of recovery of right lung function, the patient’s encouraging clinical course reached a plateau and attempts at weaning from the respirator were unsuccessful. Bronchoplasty was performed on postadmission day 50 and resulted in gradual recovery of pulmonary function. Six months following discharge, the patient continues a steady improvement. Management of the patient’s injuries represented a unique challenge previously unencountered.
Adjusting to Shocks in France, Germany and Japan

Each in its own way, France, Germany and Japan have had to make substantial adjustments in economic policy and political orientation in the years since 1980. France shifted away from Mitterrand’s socialist electoral programme of 1981 towards the policies of Thatcher and Reagan. Germany had to adjust to the economic shock of unification and absorption of the former East Germany. Japan became a major capital exporter but in the late 1980s went on a speculative spree at home that gave way to its most severe recession since before World War II while also undergoing a political upheaval.
Density limit studies on DIII-D

Abstract We have studied the processes limiting plasma density and successfully achieved discharges with density ∼50% above the empirical Greenwald scaling with H-mode energy confinement. This was accomplished by density profile control, enabled through pellet injection and divertor pumping. Several density-limiting mechanisms, including MARFEs and pellet loss processes, were successfully avoided. Finally we have looked in detail at the first and most common density limit process in DIII-D, total divertor detachment, and found that the local upstream separatrix density n sep, det e at detachment onset (partial detachment) increases with the scrape-off layer heating power, Pheat, i.e. nsep,dete∼P0.8heat. This is in marked contrast to the line-average density at detachment which is insensitive to the heating power. Our data are in reasonable agreement with the Borass model, which predicted that the upstream density at detachment would increase as P0.7heat.
The lipid metabolome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC).

10609 Background: The commonest type of kidney cancer is CCRCC. Treatment approaches mostly target aberrant vasculature. However, kidney cancer is also known to accumulate lipids and a detailed knowledge of the lipid species present in these tumors could lead to a better understanding of the underlying aberrant metabolic pathways and suggest possible treatment strategies. Lipidomics is an emerging field driven by rapid advances in mass spectrometry (MS), and is widely used to discover biomarkers. We attempt to identify the lipidomic profile of CCRCC using a liquid chromatography MS-based approach (LC-MS). Methods: We utilized 6 fresh frozen representative samples of CCRCC and matching non-tumor areas of kidney from nephrectomy samples. Lipids and other non-polar cellular constituents were extracted from both CCRCC and control tissues by methyl-t-butyl ether /methanol. LC-MS based lipid profiling was performed on a Waters Q-ToF Premier MS coupled with Ultra Performance LC. The peak detection and alignment ...
Plant Population, Planting Date and Cotton Variety Impact on Early Squaring and Development of a Trap Crop for Pink Bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Bt cotton is used to control pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), in much of the southwestern U.S. Where growers choose non-Bt varieties, early fruiting (squaring) Bt cotton might be...
The influence of dopants and complexion transitions on grain boundary fracture in alumina

Abstract The fracture of micro-cantilever Al 2 O 3 specimens containing single grain boundaries is quantified via in situ bending experiments performed in the transmission electron microscope. The type of grain boundary complexion plays a dominant role in determining the fracture response, while the dopant chemistry has a secondary effect for the same complexion type. More ‘ordered’ complexions, those containing sub-monolayer adsorbates, are tougher than the undoped material. The behaviors of SiO 2 and Y 2 O 3 doped Al 2 O 3 with different complexions are compared and contrasted. In general, grain boundaries exhibiting more ‘disordered’ complexions types, those with multilayer adsorbates, are embrittled relative to undoped Al 2 O 3 .
Making the Administrative State "Safe for Democracy": A Theoretical and Practical Analysis of Citizen Participation in Agency Decisionmaking

In recent years, academics, politicians, and journalists have hailed the rise of a new model of governance in which citizens take a more active role in government decisionmaking. To the extent citizen participation advocates offer a normative justification for their proposals, they tend to appeal to democratic ideals, contending that increased citizen involvement lends enhanced legitimacy to the government’s actions. This Article seeks to explore these normative justifications in greater depth and offer a new model for integrating public input into government decisionmaking. Confining its focus to citizen participation in the decisionmaking of administrative agencies, it first examines whether or not democratizing such processes is desirable and, after concluding that increased citizen participation is beneficial in at least a limited set of circumstances, explores the characteristics that render such participation effective and useful. This Article also considers several of the practical aspects of enhanced citizen participation and proposes certain legal reforms that would allow agencies to pursue such citizen involvement.
The Hospital Pharmacist as an Expert Witness

An expert witness provides knowledge from his or her field of specialization to participants in a trial, to help them clarify the issues presented to them. The hospital pharmacist is a natural choice as an expert witness in cases of alleged negligence within the hospital pharmacy. The hospital pharmacist who intends to become an expert witness should consider issues such as credentialing, obtaining employment, and developing a fee schedule. From the outset, the expert witness must keep accurate records, and he or she may be called upon to review documents, write opinions, render affidavits, and assist attorneys in questioning opposing experts. The expert witness may also create documents and may testify during a deposition. The culmination of the process is the trial itself, in which the expert must strive to present issues clearly and professionally, during both the direct examination and the cross-examination. The trial may be won, lost, or settled out of court — and this outcome can be influenced by th...
Sport and Official Nationalism in Modern Russia

How can one explain the recent fascination with sport as a tool of government policy in Russia? This paper argues that sports policy in Russia is an essential part of policies to encourage nationa...
Twinning and Dislocation Evolution during Shock Compression and Release of Single Crystals: Real-Time X-Ray Diffraction.

Determining the temporal evolution of twinning and/or dislocation slip, in real-time (nanoseconds), in single crystals subjected to plane shock wave loading is a long-standing scientific need. Noncubic crystals pose special challenges because they have many competing slip and twinning systems. Here, we report on time-resolved, in situ, synchrotron Laue x-ray diffraction measurements during shock compression and release of magnesium single crystals that are subjected to compression along the $c$ axis. Significant twinning was observed directly during stress release following shock compression; during compression, only dislocation slip was observed. Our measurements unambiguously distinguish between twinning and dislocation slip on nanosecond timescales in a shocked hexagonal-close-packed metal.
Fortran; Mixed Language Programs

Each Fortran program consists of a sequence of statements, just as the early programs consisted of sequences of machine instructions. Just as the combination of symbols READ provides the compiler with the information necessary to institute an input program, appropriate combinations of symbols can be used to provide information to institute programs that will evaluate arithmetic expressions. Most of the function programs are written for floating point operations, but before using any one, its form must be known and the usual precaution must be followed with the arithmetic operations. Closed loops are as much of a nuisance in problem-oriented language programs as in machine language programs. The mixing of the statements of a problem-oriented language and a symbolic form of machine language in one program provides the programmer with a highly versatile tool.
SYNCOPE: A Neurologist's Viewpoint

Syncope is caused by a global reversible reduction of blood flow to the brain. Three hemodynamic abnormalities can cause syncope: (1) a fall in systemic blood pressure because of ineffective control of peripheral vascular resistance, (2) an acute decrease in cardiac output, and (3) an acute increase in cerebrovascular resistance. Complicating the differential diagnosis of syncope are other causes of loss of consciousness, such as seizures, metabolic disorders, and psychiatric disorders, which may simulate syncope.
Coverage mandates and market dynamics: employer, insurer and patient responses to parity laws.

Parity in coverage for mental health services has been a longstanding policy aim at the state and federal levels and is a regulatory feature of the Affordable Care Act. Despite the importance and legislative effort involved in these policies, evaluations of their effects on patients yield mixed results. I leverage the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and unique claims-level data that includes information on employers’ self-insurance status to shed new light in this area after the implementation of two state parity laws in 2007 and federal parity a few years later. My empirics reveal evidence of strategic avoidance on behalf of insurers in both states prior to the passage of state parity, as well as positive increases in mental health care utilization after parity laws are implemented – but context matters. Policy heterogeneity across states and strategic behaviors by employers and commercial insurers substantively shape the benefits that ultimately flow to patients. Insights from this research have broad relevance to ongoing health policy debates, particularly as states retain great discretion over many health coverage decisions and as federal policy continues to evolve.
Factors Influencing Chinese International Students' Strategic Language Learning at Ten Universities in the U.S.: A Mixed-Method Study

This QUAL-QUAN mixed-method study employed a sociocultural interpretive framework to describe the Language Learning Strategies used by Chinese international students at ten universities in the U.S. During phase one, we used typological and interpretive analysis to identify nine factors that influenced 15 students’ strategy use at four universities. In phase two we employed regression analysis to study the influence of these factors and two others on 117 students’ strategy use at six U.S. universities. While participation and English proficiency level predicted direct strategies like memory, cognitive and compensatory strategies, participation was identified as the sole predictor of indirect strategies, like metacognitive, affective and social strategies. Findings have implications for college administrators, faculty and students.
Cell membrane disintegration and extracellular vesicle release in a model of different size and charge PAMAM dendrimers effects on cultured endothelial cells.

AbstractDifferent nanomaterials are under development for various biomedical applications in which nanoparticles contact blood and vasculature. Therefore, investigating the interactions between nan...
Design Strategies to Improve Emergency Departments' Performance During Mass Casualty Incidents: A Survey of Caregivers.

Objectives:To identify effective facility design strategies to improve the performance of healthcare providers and patient flow during mass casualty incidents (MCIs) in emergency departments.Backgr...
Using Interval-Level Metrics to Investigate Situational-, Suspect-, and Officer-Level Predictors of Police Performance During Encounters With the Public:

The issue of how to measure the impact of situational-, suspect-, and officer-level factors on police actions has long been debated in the policing literature. One promising method is to use interv...
Cost and Clinical Outcome of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgeries-Experience From a Nonprofit Community Hospital.

ABSTRACT Background: Recognition of the variables that drive the cost of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgeries will help physicians and hospitals to initiate cost-effective measures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the hospital costs and clinical outcome for AIS surgeries. Methods: A total of 6417 individual hospital costs and charges for 42 consecutive AIS surgeries were reviewed. The patients9 demographic, surgical, and radiographic data were recorded. The costs were categorized. The relationships between total costs, categorized costs, and the independent variables were analyzed. Perioperative and postoperative complications were reviewed. Back pain, leg pain, and Oswestry Disability Index scores were obtained. Results: The patients9 mean age was 15 years, and 37 patients were female. Their mean main curve measured 55°. A total of 39 patients had posterior-only procedures, and 3 patients had anterior/posterior procedures. The average number of levels fused was 8. The mean hospital charge was $126,284 (range, $76,171–$215,516). The mean hospital cost was $44,126 (range, $23,205–$74,302). The average hospital stay was 5 days, with an average cost per day of $8825. The largest contributors to the overall hospital cost were spinal implants (31%), and surgery department labor cost (23%). Other categoric cost contributors included medical/surgical bed (19%), central supply/operating room supplies (9%), intensive care unit (6%), bone graft (3%), and others. No complications or revision surgeries occurred in these patients. For patients who had back and/or leg pain preoperatively, their back pain visual analog scale scores improved 1.8 points (4.5 versus 2.7 points, P 0.05). Conclusions: The hospital cost for AIS surgeries is significant, with spinal implants and surgery department labor being the largest contributors. These are also areas for potential cost-effective measures.
Romantic Relationship Quality and Suicidal Ideation in Young Adulthood

Sociological research on suicidal ideation has often focused on structural factors, such as marital status, when analyzing the protective effects of social integration; however, less is known about...
Diagnosing mandibular asymmetry using posteroanterior cephalograms in patients with unilateral and bilateral degenerative joint disease

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible differences in facial asymmetry between bilateral degenerative joint disease (BDJD) and unilateral degenerative joint disease (UDJD) when compared to asymptomatic controls. Materials and Methods: Posteroanterior cephalograms of 61 pre-orthodontic treatment patients (21 BDJD, 20 UDJD, and 20 controls) were evaluated (young adults, between 12 and 25 years of age) to investigate the inclination of the frontal occlusal plane (FOP) and frontal mandibular plane (FMP) to determine vertical asymmetry. Mandibular dental midline shift (DMS) and mandibular midline shift (MMS) were studied to determine transverse asymmetry. FOP, FMP, MMS, and DMS were compared pairwise between study groups, with multiple comparisons justified by Tukey–Kramer procedure. Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between the measures. Mantel–Haenszel Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between groups and symptom severity. Results: The findings suggest that severity of the vertical mandibular displacement was associated with significant differences between BDJD and control patients, and between UDJD groups and control patients. However, they were no significant differences found between UDJD and BDJD patients, and this may be attributable to a different pattern of load on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the TMJ when they were compared to the controls. Moreover, the higher values of FOP and FMP correlated with the mandibular displacement being notably greater when the asymmetry was >3°. A similar tendency of a higher prevalence of mandibular displacement with a higher value of DMS and MMS was observed. Conclusion: Clinical implications of this study apply to patients with asymmetry in vertical and transverse dimensions. These patients should be evaluated for dental, skeletal (condylar changes), and soft-tissue changes before orthodontic and/or orthognathic treatment planning.
Sex differences in the relationship of sleep-disordered breathing and asthma control among children with severe asthma.

Children with severe asthma are underrepresented in studies of the relationship of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and asthma and little is known about sex differences of these relationships. We s...