cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific alterations of de novo fatty acid synthesis in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treated rats.

De novo fatty acid synthesis was determined by the3H2O method in numerous tissues and organs of TCDD-treated (125 μg/kg), pair-fed and free-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate if this important pathway of intermediary metabolism is altered by TCDD. Of the 12 tissues and organs examined, liver showed an increased, and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) a decreased de novo fatty acid synthesis when comparing TCDD-treated to pair-fed or free-fed control rats. De novo fatty acid synthesis was unaffected in other organs and tissues examined, with the exception that the concentration of3H-fatty acids in plasma reflected the increased rate of synthesis seen in the liver of TCDD-treated animals. Increased de novo fatty acid synthesis in liver coincided with increased plasma triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, whereas decreased de novo fatty acid synthesis in IBAT parallelled decreased plasma thyroxine (T4) levels. Thyroidectomy decreased de novo fatty acid synthesis, as expected, in both liver and IBAT. However, TCDD elicited no response in either of these organs in thyroidectomized rats. This finding suggests that changes observed in non-thyroidectomized rats are probably secondary effects. Indeed, known tissue-specific effects of T3 on liver and T4 on IBAT provide a likely explanation for the altered de novo fatty acid synthesis of these organs. It is suggested that increased de novo fatty acid synthesis in the liver of TCDD-treated rats might be responsible for the additional wasting away observable in these animals as compared to pair-fed controls.
Reconsidering ‘spatial memory’ and the Morris water maze

The Morris water maze has been put forward in the philosophy of neuroscience as an example of an experimental arrangement that may be used to delineate the cognitive faculty of spatial memory (e.g., Craver and Darden, Theory and method in the neurosciences, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, 2001; Craver, Explaining the brain: Mechanisms and the mosaic unity of neuroscience, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007). However, in the experimental and review literature on the water maze throughout the history of its use, we encounter numerous responses to the question of “what” phenomenon it circumscribes ranging from cognitive functions (e.g., “spatial learning”, “spatial navigation”), to representational changes (e.g., “cognitive map formation”) to terms that appear to refer exclusively to observable changes in behavior (e.g., “water maze performance”). To date philosophical analyses of the water maze have not been directed at sorting out what phenomenon the device delineates nor the sources of the different answers to the question of what. I undertake both of these tasks in this paper. I begin with an analysis of Morris’s first published research study using the water maze and demonstrate that he emerged from it with an experimental learning paradigm that at best circumscribed a discrete set of observable changes in behavior. However, it delineated neither a discrete set of representational changes nor a discrete cognitive function. I cite this in combination with a reductionist-oriented research agenda in cellular and molecular neurobiology dating back to the 1980s as two sources of the lack of consistency across the history of the experimental and review literature as to what is under study in the water maze.
Growth and distribution: a test of the induced innovation hypothesis for the Korean economy

This study investigates technical change biases and their effects on distribute shars in Korea. We are particularly concerned with whether technical change biases have been induced by changes in relative factor prices accompanied by rapid economic growth in Korea. Our test results show that technical change in Korea has been biased in the direction in the direction for saving labour and using capital, thus rendering support to the induced innovation hypothesis. These findings are roughly in parallel with empirical studies on the induced innovation hypothesis for the US and Japanese economies. The similar pattern in technical change biases between Korea and the two advanced economies is noteworthy in light of their basic differences in factor endowments. Another salient feature of our empirical analysis is that the price-corrected labour share in Korea has continually shrunk in the process of rapid economic growth, which has been partly precipitated by factor price-disorting policies.
Direct Demonstration of P-Selectin– and VCAM-1–Dependent Mononuclear Cell Rolling in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions of Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Abstract —Apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice develop atherosclerotic lesions throughout the arterial tree, including the carotid bifurcation. Although the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and P-selectin on endothelium that overlie atherosclerotic plaques has been implicated in monocyte recruitment to developing lesions, monocyte adhesion in atherosclerotic vessels has not been observed directly. To investigate which adhesion molecules may be important in monocyte adhesion to atherosclerotic lesions, an isolated mouse carotid artery preparation was developed and perfused with mononuclear cells. We show rolling and attachment of the human monocytic cell line U937 and the mouse monocyte-macrophage cell line P388D1 in carotid arteries from 10- to 12-week-old ApoE−/− and C57BL/6 wild-type mice fed a Western-type diet (21% fat wt/wt) for 4 to 5 weeks. No rolling was observed in carotid arteries from C57BL/6 or BALB/c wild-type mice fed a chow diet and little was observed in BALB/c mice fed a Western-type diet. This model represents early lesion development as shown by minimal macrophage infiltration in the intima of carotid arteries from ApoE−/− mice fed a Western-type diet. Rolling was observed at shear stresses that were characteristic of the low-shear recirculation zone near the carotid bifurcation. Mononuclear cell attachment and rolling were significantly inhibited by monoclonal antibody blockade of P-selectin or its leukocyte ligand P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Rolling velocities increased after monoclonal antibody blockade of mononuclear cell α4-integrin or VCAM-1, which indicates that α4-integrin interacting with VCAM-1 stabilizes rolling interactions and prolongs monocyte transit times.
The utility of MR in assessing Blount disease.

Objective: To review the MR appearances of Blount disease. Design and patients: The MR examinations of six knees in four patients (ages 6–7 years) with Blount disease were reviewed. Results: All patients showed delay in ossification of the medial tibial epiphysis. A spectrum of changes was seen in and around the tibial growth plate including: widening and depression of the medial growth plate; small and deep intrusions of cartilage into the metaphysis; edema of the medial tibial epiphysis and medial and lateral metaphysis; varus deformity of the lower leg; widening of the lateral growth plate; osteochondral injury to the medial femoral condyle; hypertrophy of the medial meniscus; focal bone bridging. Conclusion: MR appearances are consistent with the primary abnormality in Blount disease, which is failure of endochondral ossification of the medial growth plate. MR examination is useful in surgical planning.
Changes in Patterns of Seasonal Growth of Microtus Pennsylvanicus

A field study of growth, in terms of both linear dimensions and weight, was made by successively trapping the small winter—active mammals found in a study area in a region with persistent winter snow cover. The animals trapped were primarily Microtus pennsylvanicus, with some data also on Blarina brevicauda, Clethrionomys gapperi, and Peromyscus sp. The reliability of the field measurements was determined by comparing successive measurements made on individual animals within short time spans. The results of these comparisons indicate that linear measurements can be made accurately on live, conscious animals in the field, and that linear measurements are much more reliable than weight measurements. Microtus pennsylvanicus young born in the spring and early summer reach adult size in 12 weeks or less. These animals undergo a fall loss in weight. Animals born in middle to late summer stop growing in the fall, maintain their weight and linear dimensions throughout the winter, and resume growth again in the spring. Blarina brevicauda individuals grow little in linear dimensions after entering the trappable population and do not appear to lose weight in the fall.
EFFECT OF SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE ON TURKEY ROLLS MADE FROM PRE- AND POST-RIGOR MUSCLE

Four levels of a soy protein isolate (supro 620) 0, 1, 2 and 3% were used with both pre- and post-rigor pectoralis muscles of turkeys. Water (3 times the weight of the isolate) was added. Quality of rolls was determined by a sensory panel and shear values obtained from a Kramer shear cell attached to an Instron. As the level of isolate increased, the flavor, tenderness, texture and acceptability scores increased, and the shear values decreased. Level of protein isolate had a greater influence on the shear values than the rigor state of the meat.
A Real-Time Monte Carlo Implementation for Computing Probability of Conflict

*† ‡ § In this paper, we present a method for computing the Probability of Conflict, PC, using a fast Monte Carlo implementation. Often, Monte Carlo simulations are associated with offline analysis or verification, and are thought of as too slow for real-time usage. However, we describe an implementation that allows for fast computation and can be used in certain online applications. Examples are given for aircraft and automobile conflict detection. Both pseudo-code and Matlab code are provided to help explain and disseminate the approach.
Prolonged apoptosis in mitochondria-rich cells of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposed to elevated salinity

The time-course of programmed cell death (apoptosis) during reorganization of gill epithelium in salinity-stressed tilapia was analyzed using a recently developed method based on laser scanning cytometry (LSC) of dissociated gill cells. Apoptosis in mitochondria-rich cells (MRC) was distinguished from that in other cell types using Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) as a cell-specific marker. Caspase 3/7 activity in MRC, assessed using LSC and microplate assays, increased significantly starting at 6 h of salinity stress and remained elevated for at least 5 days. This time-course of apoptosis in MRC during acute salinity stress was reflected in elevated apoptotic DNA fragmentation. In parallel to induction of apoptosis, MRC showed a pronounced shift to G2 phase of the cell cycle, which is indicative of G2/M cell cycle arrest, and an increase in NKA abundance per MRC. Unlike in MRC, apoptosis was not significantly increased in other gill cell types, although there was a small transient increase in DNA fragmentation at 6 h. G2 arrest was also observed. Overall, we interpret our data as evidence for a significant role of apoptosis in the extensive reorganization of MRC populations that takes place during salinity acclimation, perhaps similar to its well-established role during organismal development.
Do the Retarded have a Right to be Eaten

Is there any reason which may serve to justify our belief that it would be wrong to kill and eat the retarded — no matter how severe a food shortage might become? (By ‘reason’ I mean ‘consideration which rationally justifies’ and not ‘factor which causally or psychologically explains’.) Professor Margolis, suspicious of the abstract formalism of moral theory and all its high-sounding talk about rights, prefers to think about such issues in terms of a rather vague “liberal principle” — i.e. the principle that, “all things considered, a liberal society is committed to enlarging and safeguarding the conditions under which the retarded ... may enjoy a measure of well-being” ([1], p. 29). But are we not committed to a similar principle about non-human animals? Do we not feel that, if possible, domestic animals should enjoy a measure of well-being? But do we not also feel that the retarded should enjoy a moral status somewhat higher and more secure than that enjoyed by our pets? If so, then the Margolis principle is in trouble. It can explain our moral concern about the retarded insofar as it overlaps (as it clearly does) our concern about other sentient creatures, but not as it may represent a special and separate concern. It is this special and separate concern which rights talk seeks to capture; and so, given Margolis’ obvious special and separate concern for the retarded, he should perhaps not dismiss the rights tradition so quickly. Perhaps we want to say more than “It is unfortunate that we may have to eat the retarded” (as it might be unfortunate if we have to eat Rover in an emergency). Perhaps we want to say that eating the retarded is not an option, that the non-eating of the retarded is a guarantee. But is this not simply to say that the retarded have a right not to be eaten?1
Load estimation for distribution system analysis

This paper investigates the load data needed for distribution operation and control studies. It points out that many of the analyses performed depend critically on the availability and the accuracy of the load data. The paper gives a brief overview of the currently available load estimation methods. It points out that many of the methods can be improved by using the emerging statistical analysis methods.
Stress in lumbar intervertebral discs during distraction: a cadaveric study

Abstract Background context The intervertebral disc is a common source of low back pain (LBP). Prospective studies suggest that treatments that intermittently distract the disc might be beneficial for chronic LBP. Although the potential exists for distraction therapies to affect the disc biomechanically, their effect on intradiscal stress is debated. Purpose To determine if distraction alone, distraction combined with flexion, or distraction combined with extension can reduce nucleus pulposus pressure and posterior annulus compressive stress in cadaveric lumbar discs compared with simulated standing or lying. Study design Laboratory study using single cadaveric motion segments. Outcome measures Strain gauge measures of nucleus pulposus pressure and compressive stress in the anterior and posterior annulus fibrosus. Methods Intradiscal stress profilometry was performed on 15 motion segments during 5 simulated conditions: standing, lying, and 3 distracted conditions. Disc degeneration was graded by inspection from 1 (normal) to 4 (severe degeneration). Results All distraction conditions markedly reduced nucleus pressure compared with either simulated standing or lying. There was no difference between distraction with flexion and distraction with extension in regard to posterior annulus compressive stress. Discs with little or no degeneration appeared to distribute compressive stress differently than those with moderate or severe degeneration. Conclusions Distraction appears to predictably reduce nucleus pulposus pressure. The effect of distraction therapy on the distribution of compressive stress may be dependent in part on the health of the disc.
Novel Sexual-Cycle-Specific Gene Silencing in Aspergillus nidulans

We report a novel sexual-cycle-specific gene-silencing system in the genetic model Aspergillus nidulans. Duplication of the mating type matAHMG gene in this haploid organism triggers Mat-induced silencing (MatIS) of both endogenous and transgenic matA genes, eliminates function of the encoded SRY structural ortholog, and results in formation of barren fruiting bodies. MatIS is spatiotemporally restricted to the prezygotic stage of the sexual cycle and does not interfere with vegetative growth, asexual reproduction, differentiation of early sexual tissues, or fruiting body development. MatIS is reversible upon deletion of the matA transgene. In contrast to other sex-specific silencing phenomena, MatIS silencing has nearly 100% efficiency and appears to be independent of homologous duplicated DNA segments. Remarkably, transgene-derived matA RNA might be sufficient to induce MatIS. A unique feature of MatIS is that RNA-mediated silencing is RNA interference/Argonaute-independent and is restricted to the nucleus having the duplicated gene. The silencing phenomenon is recessive and does not spread between nuclei within the common cytoplasm of a multinucleate heterokaryon. Gene silencing induced by matA gene duplication emerges as a specific feature associated with matAHMG regulation during sexual development.
Virtual ring routing: network routing inspired by DHTs

This paper presents Virtual Ring Routing (VRR), a new network routing protocol that occupies a unique point in the design space. VRR is inspired by overlay routing algorithms in Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) but it does not rely on an underlying network routing protocol. It is implemented directly on top of the link layer. VRR provides both raditional point-to-point network routing and DHT routing to the node responsible for a hash table key.VRR can be used with any link layer technology but this paper describes a design and several implementations of VRR that are tuned for wireless networks. We evaluate the performance of VRR using simulations and measurements from a sensor network and an 802.11a testbed. The experimental results show that VRR provides robust performance across a wide range of environments and workloads. It performs comparably to, or better than, the best wireless routing protocol in each experiment. VRR performs well because of its unique features: it does not require network flooding or trans-lation between fixed identifiers and location-dependent addresses.
Nutrient and Sensory Properties of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Grown Under Various Cultural Conditions

Dry beans UI-114 (Pinto) and Rufus (Red Mexican) were field-grown under presence or absence of Fusarium root rot, drought or optimum water, low or high nitrogen fertilization. Raw bean powder was analyzed chemically for proximate composition, minerals, vitamins and amino acids, and by Tetrahymena pyriformis W for protein quality. Cooked beans underwent sensory evaluation. Protein content of raw beans generally varied inversely with irrigation. Rufus beans contained significantly more thiamin than comparable UI-114 beans. High-N non-diseased soils produced beans with methionine concentrations greater than those from low-N Fusarium-infected soils. Pinto UI-114 beans were rated significantly more acceptable than Rufus beans (P < 0.001).
Sonographic assessment of breast calcifications.

Abstract With widespread use of high-frequency sonography, breast imagers are beginning to commonly identify sonographic calcifications. The sonographic approach in assessing breast calcifications depends on whether the calcifications are initially identified sonographically or mammographically. If the calcifications are initially identified sonographically, a breast imager should first consider if the calcifications fit the characteristics of the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 2—benign. If the calcifications are not benign, then one should assess the calcifications by their mammographic appearance. If the calcifications are initially identified mammographically, then the sonologist should be aware that one may not always visualize mammographic calcifications with sonography. Instead, if the radiologist seeks to localize mammographic calcifications with sonography, the imager should search for sonographic findings of invasive malignancy or ductal carcinoma in situ. These abnormalities include hypoechoic solid mass, focally dilated ducts, intraductal mass, or, rarely, isolated clustered calcifications.
Minimizing control overheads in adaptive load sharing

Two algorithms are developed for minimizing control overheads in exchanging state information arising from the control messages used in determining the load levels at other servers. In the first algorithm, the load levels at other servers are guessed using a simple heuristic algorithm. Such a model is found to provide significant improvements compared to the no-load sharing case. The second algorithm improves upon the first one by replacing some unnecessary task transfers by a single probe. The simulation results obtained from these algorithms are presented and compared to an algorithm based on random selection of destinations for transfer tasks. It was concluded that a load sharing policy should try to maximize the success rate in finding good destinations for transfer tasks while minimizing the control overheads. >
A Proportional-Integrator Type Adaptive Critic Design-Based Neurocontroller for a Static Compensator in a Multimachine Power System

A novel nonlinear optimal controller for a static compensator (STATCOM) connected to a power system, using artificial neural networks, is presented in this paper. The action dependent heuristic dynamic programming, a member of the adaptive critic designs family is used for the design of the STATCOM neurocontroller. This neurocontroller provides optimal control based on reinforcement learning and approximate dynamic programming. Using a proportional-integrator approach, the proposed neurocontroller is capable of dealing with actual rather than deviation signals. Simulation results are provided to show that the proposed controller outperforms a conventional PI controller for a STATCOM in a small and large multimachine power system during large-scale faults, as well as small disturbances
Poor knowledge regarding the Pap test among low-income women undergoing routine screening.

CONTEXT Many women undergoing cervical cancer screening lack appropriate understanding of the Pap test. It is important to evaluate knowledge and informational needs about Pap testing among groups who may have difficulty accessing care or a relatively low likelihood of obtaining follow-up for an abnormal result, such as minority and low-income women. METHODS A sample of 338 women undergoing cervical screening at two clinics in Texas completed a questionnaire measuring their knowledge of Pap testing and asking what specific information they would like to know about the test. Group comparisons and qualitative analyses were conducted. RESULTS Women correctly answered an average of 8.7 out of 20 questions; the range was 0-17. Mean scores were higher among white women (10.2) than among blacks (8.4) and Hispanics (7.4), among women with more than a high school education than among their less educated counterparts (10.0 vs. 7.9) and among women with an annual household income of at least $10,000 than among those with a lower income (9.3 vs. 8.4). Knowledge scores did not differ according to Pap history. Open-ended questioning identified a need for information on the purpose of the test, exam procedures, abnormal test results and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Minority women and those of low socioeconomic status had poor understanding of Pap testing. Identifying misunderstandings in this vulnerable population and improving patient education on the most basic aspects of Pap testing may increase adherence to follow-up when abnormalities are detected.
Sexual abstinence and the sexual abstinence behavior scale.

Abstract Introduction: Nurses may choose to promote sexual abstinence, particularly when they are working with young adolescents. However, it is difficult to know how to intervene because sexual abstinence has not been well defined in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometrics of a four-item measure of sexual abstinence behavior (the SABS) that both registered nurses and advanced practice nurses may find useful in their practice. Method: African American, middle school students (n = 113) completed a self-administered questionnaire during their health education class. The questionnaire contained the SABS along with items assessing demographics, sexual behavior, and psychosocial variables related to sexual behavior. Results: Psychometric analysis supported SABS reliability (α =.73) and validity. For example, SABS scores correlated with perceived negative consequences of teen sex ( r = 0.38) and sexual abstinence self-efficacy ( r = 0.48). Discussion: Although the SABS is still in a preliminary stage of development, it is useful for assessment purposes and for directing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses toward specific behaviors they may want to promote when teaching sexual abstinence to their young adolescent patients. J Pediatr Health Care. (2003). 17, 140-144.
Scale‐invariant stress orientations and seismicity rates near the San Andreas Fault

[1] We analyzed measurements of the direction of maximum horizontal compressive stress as a function of depth in two scientific research wells near the San Andreas Fault in central and southern California. We found that the stress orientations exhibit scale-invariant fluctuations over intervals from tens of cm to several km. Similarity between the scaling of the stress orientation fluctuations and the scaling of earthquake frequency with fault size suggests that these fluctuations are controlled by stress perturbations caused by slip on faults of various sizes in the critically-stressed crust adjacent to the fault. The apparent difference in stress scaling parameters between the two studies wells seem to correspond to differences in the earthquake magnitude-frequency statistics for the creeping versus locked sections of the fault along which these two wells are located. This suggests that stress heterogeneity adjacent to active faults like the San Andreas may reflect variations in stresses and loading conditions along the fault.
Medically Underserved Populations: Disparities in Quality and Outcomes

Underlying mechanisms of patient, provider, and system variation must be studied and understood in the fight to eliminate disparities.
Activation of the Arabidopsis B Class Homeotic Genes by APETALA1

Proper development of petals and stamens in Arabidopsis flowers requires the activities of APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI), whose transcripts can be detected in the petal and stamen primordia. Localized expression of AP3 and PI requires the activities of at least three genes: APETALA1 (AP1), LEAFY (LFY), and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO). It has been proposed that UFO provides spatial cues and that LFY specifies competence for AP3 and PI expression in the developing flower. To understand the epistatic relationship among AP1, LFY, and UFO in regulating AP3 and PI expression, we generated two versions of AP1 that have strong transcriptional activation potential. Genetic and molecular analyses of transgenic plants expressing these activated AP1 proteins show that the endogenous AP1 protein acts largely as a transcriptional activator in vivo and that AP1 specifies petals by regulating the spatial domains of AP3 and PI expression through UFO.
Design, Modeling, and Road Tests of Electromagnetic Energy-Harvesting Shock Absorbers

This paper presents the design, modeling, bench experiment, and road test of a retrofit regenerative shock absorber based on a permanent magnetic generator and a rack-pinion mechanism for the purposes of energy harvesting and vibration control. Results show that variable damping coefficients and asymmetric feature in jounce and rebound motions are achieved by controlling the electrical load of the shock absorber. Improved efficiency and reliability are achieved by utilizing a roller to guide the rack and preload on the gear transmission to reduce the backlash and friction. A peak power of 68 Watts is attained from one prototype shock absorber when the vehicle is driven at 30 mph on a fairly smooth campus road.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Problem Based Learning In The AIS Course

This paper first introduces the reader to problem based learning and builds a case for implementing it in accounting. A problem suitable for introducing this approach in the AIS course is then presented. Two possible solutions to the problem are then presented using the MS Office Desktop. The first solution involves the use of dynamic data exchange (DDE) between Word and Excel and the second solution utilizes the reporting capabilities of Access. This is a very modest attempt at introducing this instructional approach in that it is introduced as part of a course rather than a redesign of a complete course or curriculum.
THE STANDARD FOR DETERMINING THE LEGALITY OF VERTICAL PRICE RESTRAINTS

Section I of the Sherman Act condemns and declares illegal "every restraint, combination in form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States." Under the Sherman Act, agreements to fix prices between natural competitors, e.g., retailers or manufacturers, are illegal per se. So-called horizontal price-fixing agreements of this nature do not require analysis by courts to determine whether or not they damage competition because they have been declared illegal by their very nature, i.e., per se. Vertical price-fixing and vertical price restraints, e.g., agreements between manufacturers and distributors which set a minimum price at which a product can be sold, were similarly declared illegal per se in 1911 by the United States Supreme Court in the famous Dr. Miles case. Generally, most other agreements or actions which are not illegal per se but are alleged to be in violation of the Sherman Act are judged by what is known as the rule of reason. Basically, the rule of reason doctrine requires analysis of an alleged violation and the weighing of all circumstances and factors to determine whether a restriction on trade or competition unreasonably restrains competition. Those that do not unreasonably restrain competition are permitted. In 2007, ninety-six years after they established the Dr. Miles rule for vertical restraints, the Supreme Court considered again the question of how agreements between manufacturers and distributors setting minimum prices should be viewed, i.e., under the rule of reason or per se illegal. The following article analyzes the landmark decision.
Tunable quality factor through 1:1 modal coupling in a disk resonator

We have investigated the impact on the dynamics of MEMS resonators arising from coupling between independent modes. If the coupled mode has a higher Q or a lower Q than the driven mode, we find that the effective Q of the driven mode can be tuned over a wide range, which has important implications for inertial sensors and oscillators. In this paper, we report on two cases — one where the coupled mode has a high Q and one where the coupled mode has a low Q, and we demonstrate the ability to tune the effective Q of the drive mode. We use frequency sweep and ring-down methods to characterize these systems, and identify important distinguishing capabilities of these approaches.
Prevention on Worm Virus of Enterprise LAN

This paper introduces the spread principles of worm virus and its influences on the enterprise LAN.Also,the paper elaborates the worm virus preventive measures in consideration of LAN administrators and ordinary users by interpreting the worm virus preventive measures based on ACL strategy,DHCP-Snooping strategy and the desktop management system strategy.The attack mode of conficker worm virus,which is the most common worm virus in the enterprise LAN,and the corresponding solutions is analyzed.At last,the worm virus preventive IE settings which is useful for the ordinary users is described.The paper provides a reference regarding the prevention of the worm virus.
Admetus and the triumph of failure in Euripides' Alcestis

Elucidation of the imbricate ironies in the Alcestis has been an important dimension of much of the scholarship on the play during the past twenty five years. Another type of inquiry, best represented by the work of A. P. Burnett, has been the identification of typologies of plot and scene. Both approaches share, however, a common deficiency in the subjectivity of their analyses of character. Is Heracles ‘a big-hearted, stupid glutton and drinker’ (Beye) or ‘the one man in the world who does not pursue a hedonistic career’, the hero whose ‘cause is freedom, the freedom of spirit and freedom of action’ (Rosemeyer)? How are we to view Admetus' spontaneous proposal to commission a statue of Alcestis as a surrogate wife for his bed? Is this ‘a promise that is positive, delicately stated, and filled with a powerful meaning’ (Burnett), or is it ‘difficult to believe that a fifth-century audience would not have found the idea ludicrous and disgusting’ (Beye)? Is Alcestis ‘a tragic heroine’, one whose love for Admetus motivated her sacrifice (Barnes, Dale), or a rather cold figure, not above emotional blackmail (Beye)? Is Admetus ultimately guided to success by his ‘nobility’ (Burnett) or one whose person, apart from his vague hosiotēs (‘piety’), offered no particular interest to Euripides (Dale)? A sampling shows that the discrepancy of critical perception is often so intense as to suggest the existence of an entirely new, exquisitely subtle facet of Euripidean irony which survives as a wilfully dolose legacy to the community of scholars.
Spiritual Concerns in Eric Fromm

Resume des positions d'Erick Fromm sur la tendance humaine a la recherche de la perfection : presupposition d'une composante spirituelle inherente a la nature humaine et contribution a une spiritualite independante de toute religion et de toute culture. La these de Fromm rejoint les notions de conscience humaine dynamique et de developpement spirituel decrites par Lonergan et Helminiak
Modeling and simulation of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector using VHDL-AMS

A circuit-level model of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (MSM-PD) was developed and implemented into VHDL-AMS simulator hAMster/spl trade/ The model was derived for a one dimensional (1-D) structure from continuity equations. Both transient and steady-state simulations results match well with experimental data.
Ferrochelatase Mutation Screening by Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chomatography in Idiopathic Acquired Sideroblastic Anemia (Refractory Anemia with Ringed Sideroblasts) and Erythrocytic Protoporphyria.

BACKGROUND: The molecular etiology of idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia (IASA), now considered a form of myelodysplastic syndrome, is currently unknown. Romslo et al ( Blood 1982) reported a patient with IASA who had moderately elevated free erythrocytic protoporphyrin (FEP); this observation is now frequently made in IASA, helping distinguish IASA (high FEP) from inherited sideroblastosis (low FEP). In addition, rare patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)—defined by cutaneous photosensitivity, dramatically elevated FEP levels, and germline point mutations in the ferrochelatase (FECH) gene at 18q21.3—have ringed sideroblasts in their marrow. We hypothesized that patients with IASA might have acquired somatic FECH mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS: We designed a denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) assay to explore this possibility and to avoid problems related to mutation screening in the setting of mixed clonality. To validate the DHPLC assay, the coding region of the FECH gene from 2 molecularly undiagnosed EPP patients without liver disease was analyzed. In one patient, both a heterozygous 69delG mutation (GenBank Accession NM_000140) and heterozygosity for the FECH expression-modulating IVS3-48C/T polymorphism were detected. In the other patient, no FECH coding mutations or polymorphisms were detected, either by DHPLC or conventional dye sequencing. FEP measurements were then obtained on 2 IASA patients and were elevated (65 and 115 mcg/dL; normal 1–10 mcg/dL) with normal urine and fecal porphyrins. Genomic DNA obtained from these 2 patients as well as archival DNA from 30 other patients with IASA was amplified and tested for FECH mutations. No coding region mutations were detected. Synonymous polymorphisms in exon 7 (rs536765) and 9 (rs536560) were found in 6/32 (19%; normal heterozygosity 0.398) and 14/32 (44%; normal heterozygosity 0.402) samples, respectively. The IVS3-48C/T polymorphism (rs2272783) was found in 3/32 (9%) (prevalence in the general population is 11%, Gouya Nat Genet 2002). In addition, 3 intronic polymorphisms not in the refSNP database were detected: IVS8+34 C/T (2/32), IVS8-61delG (5/32), and IVS9-59delA (2/32). CONCLUSION: IASA is not associated with coding mutations in FECH. Elevation of FEP in ASA must instead be due to the lack of mitochondrial iron in the proper form for incorporation into the porphyrin ring; attention should instead focus on factors responsible for maintaining the appropriate redox state and compartmentalization of iron. DHPLC can detect FECH mutations and polymorphisms, but because of the high frequency of the latter and the consequent need to sequence multiple exons, it is not a practical screening tool for studying undiagnosed EPP patients.
Time, Knowledge, and Power in Psychotherapy: A Comparison of Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioral Practices

Time has long been recognized as a marker of professional control and a tool for the organization of work. Yet we know less about how temporality intersects with experts’ epistemic goals. This article illustrates how the patterning of time in psychotherapy shapes the construction of knowledge about mental illness and how this relationship is mediated by patients’ own interventions. I focus on psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapeutic practices and draw on data from ethnographic observations in an outpatient psychiatry clinic and in-depth interviews with psychotherapists. The article details the constitutive relationship between two dimensions of temporality: first, clock time, namely the length of treatment, the length and frequency of sessions, and the flow of the therapy hour, and second, the temporal epistemics of illness, its construction as a phenomenon with a past, present, and future. Clinicians in the two orientations attempt to construct particular temporal landscapes by integrating these two facets of their work. Yet they must always do so in response to patients’ own temporal interventions. By attending both to the organization of professional work and the temporality of illness, this article brings together two largely distinct literatures within medical sociology, namely scholarship on the profession of medicine and social scientific understandings of the temporal dimensions of illness. It shows that temporality is constitutive of how knowledge and power are negotiated in expert work.
Tip-on-tip imaging and self-consistent calibration using critical dimension atomic force microscopy

There are presently two major forms of atomic force microscopy (AFM) which are used for critical dimension (CD) metrology in semiconductor and nano-manufacturing metrology. One type, commonly referred to as CD-AFM, uses flared tips and two-dimensional surface sensing to enable scanning of features with near-vertical sidewalls. A major source of uncertainty in this type of CD-AFM metrology is the calibration uncertainty of the tip width (TW). Standards for traceable TW calibration have thus been developed both by national metrology institutes and by commercial suppliers. This paper describes work on a potential alternative approach using a self-consistency calibration of three CD-AFM tips. Due to the requirement for tip-on-tip imaging and challenges associated with this, the application of such methods in AFM metrology has been relatively limited. Initial results that are in agreement with the prior National Institute of Standards and Technology width calibration were obtained, and comparable levels of uncertainty should be achievable. Although the self-consistent approach is unlikely to supplant transmission electron microscope cross sections and the use of well-characterized standards, it may have value as a supporting method or for validation of a prior result, and it may ultimately be as useful for evaluation of tip shape parameters—such as vertical edge height—as for TW calibration.
The US Food and Drug Administration’s use of pathologic complete response as regulatory endpoint: Did it pay off?

Abstract In 2013, the US FDA granted pertuzumab (Perjeta, Genentech/Roche) accelerated approval (AA) for the neo-adjuvant treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer. Approval was later extrapolated to the adjuvant setting by the NCCN and many providers. Pertuzumab remains the first and only drug to utilize an improvement in the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR), as the endpoint for regulatory approval. At the time the FDA utilized pCR as the basis for approval, their own analysis had suggested no correlation at the trial level between improvements in pCR and the more important clinical endpoints of recurrence and death. The phase III trial APHINITY served as the post-market commitment confirmatory trial for pertuzumuab, and recently led to conversion to regular approval in both the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting. In that trial, pertuzumab drug showed a statistically significant 0.9% (93.2 → 94.1%) improvement in disease free survival (HR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.66–1.0, p = 0.045) without any improvement in overall survival (HR 0.89, 95% CI, 0.66–1.21, p = 0.47). Cardiac safety was prioritized in APHINITY as HER2 directed therapies are known for cardiac side effects. A primary cardiac event, defined as NYHA class III or IV heart failure and a drop of 10% in LVEF to below 50% or cardiac death, occurred in 17 patients (0.7%) in the pertuzumab group and 8 patients (0.3%) in the placebo group. Cardiotoxicity of pertuzumab will likely be higher in real world practice, as the drug becomes used is patients with greater comorbidity, which has been shown in real world data for traztuzumab. Therefore, because of the small benefit and potential harms of the drug, and the lack of survival benefit, pertuzumab may have a risk-benefit balance that will ultimately tip towards greater harm in practice. We believe that an impartial consideration of the evidence should give us pause before granting future AA based on improvements in pCR.
Optimizing a community-engaged multi-level group intervention to reduce substance use: an application of the multiphase optimization strategy

Rates of alcohol and illicit drug use (AIDU) are consistently similar across racial groups (Windsor and Negi, J Addict Dis 28:258–68, 2009; Keyes et al. Soc Sci Med 124:132–41, 2015). Yet AIDU has significantly higher consequences for residents in distressed communities with concentrations of African Americans (DCAA - i.e., localities with high rates of poverty and crime) who also have considerably less access to effective treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). This project is optimizing Community Wise, an innovative multi-level behavioral-health intervention created in partnership with service providers and residents of distressed communities with histories of SUD and incarceration, to reduce health inequalities related to AIDU. Grounded in critical consciousness theory, community-based participatory research principles (CBPR), and the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), this study employs a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design to engineer the most efficient, effective, and scalable version of Community Wise that can be delivered for US$250 per person or less. This study is fully powered to detect change in AIDU in a sample of 528 men with a histories of SUD and incarceration, residing in Newark, NJ in the United States. A community collaborative board oversees recruitment using a variety of strategies including indigenous field worker sampling, facility-based sampling, community advertisement through fliers, and street outreach. Participants are randomly assigned to one of 16 conditions that include a combination of the following candidate intervention components: peer or licensed facilitator, group dialogue, personal goal development, and community organizing. All participants receive a core critical-thinking component. Data are collected at baseline plus five post-baseline monthly follow ups. Once the optimized Community Wise intervention is identified, it will be evaluated against an existing standard of care in a future randomized clinical trial. This paper describes the protocol of the first ever study using CBPR and MOST to optimize a substance use intervention targeting a marginalized population. Data from this study will culminate in an optimized Community Wise manual; enhanced methodological strategies to develop multi-component scalable interventions using MOST and CBPR; and a better understanding of the application of critical consciousness theory to the field of health inequalities related to AIDU. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02951455 . Registered on 1 November 2016.
Forecasting Peak Daily Load in Distribution Feeders

Performing future load studies has become increasingly important on electric power distribution systems heavily penetrated with distribution generation. Forecasting the peak demand on distribution feeders a day or more in advance is one of many critical pieces of data needed to perform such studies. Weather forecasting has a significant impact on the peak daily load on distribution feeders where residential and commercial customers make up most of the load. Because distribution load on each feeder is driven by significantly fewer customers, it is more variable and difficult to model than that seen by traditional transmission and generation systems. The study in this paper presents how neural networks can use historical weather and SCADA load data to learn the unique characteristics of each feeder. The results with the neural network approach prove the potential to accurately forecast the peak load current on utility feeders based on the daily weather forecast.
Chapter 2 – LINEAR SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on linear systems. A system is defined as a set of rules that associates an output time function to every input time function. The input is f(t) or source signal to the system, and g(t) is the output or response signal because of this input. The actual physical structure of the system determines the exact relationship between f(t) and g(t). In the special case of a two terminal electrical network, f(t) can be a sinusoidal voltage across the two terminals and g(t) can be the current flowing into one of the terminals and out of the other because of this impressed voltage. In this case, the relationship between f(t) and g(t) is the familiar complex impedance between the two terminals of the network. A system is said to obey superposition if the output of a sum of inputs is equal to the sum of the corresponding individual outputs. A system is said to be time invariant if the response of an input is not dependent upon the actual time of occurrence of the input. That is, a time shift in input signal causes an equal time shift in the output waveform.