cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Road salt retention and transport through vadose zone soils to shallow groundwater

Abstract Increasing background salinity in watersheds has largely been attributed to road salt retention in groundwaters due to their long residence times. However, laboratory studies demonstrate that soils temporarily store salts, either in porewater or adsorbed onto particles. Field studies of road salt retention in soils are nevertheless rare, and mechanisms of salt transport across multiple hydrological reservoirs (e.g., from soil to groundwater) are unknown. Thus, we collected roadside soil porewater and karst spring water weekly for ~1.5 yr to determine salt transport through the vadose zone into the phreatic zone. We observed dual retention mechanisms of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) in soils due to slow porewater movement, causing ion movement through the soil as slow as 1.3 cm/day, and cation exchange processes, leading to initial Na+ retention followed by later release months after application. Cation exchange processes also caused base cation loss from exchange sites into mobile porewater. Rapid Na+ and Cl− delivery to groundwater occurred through karst conduits during the winter. However, elevated background levels of salt ions in groundwater during the non-salting months indicated accumulation in the catchment due to slower porewater flow in the soil and rock matrix and delayed Na+ release from soil exchange sites.
Validation and analysis of a 1-D variational assimilation scheme for bathymetry inversion

Abstract Results are presented from a variational data assimilation and nearshore bathymetry inversion scheme based on depth and wave-phase averaged surfzone hydrodynamics for a narrow-banded wave spectrum. 1-D Cross shore bathymetry is inverted based on 17-min-averaged significant wave height and longshore current observations made during the Duck94 field experiment. An inversion scenario is considered in which inversion is carried out separately for each 17-min-averaged set of observations. Results are used to quantify the inversion scheme's accuracy depending on time dependent wave and bathymetry conditions. The model generally produced a root-mean-square error of 0.46 m between modelled and actual bathymetry when both wave height observations and alongshore current observations were assimilated. The RMS error reduced to 0.44 m when only wave height observations were assimilated and increased to 0.69 m when only alongshore current observations were assimilated, suggesting that wave height is a more informative variable for bathymetry inversion. The model performed consistently in inverting bathymetry and thereby tracking morphologic change in varied wave conditions, including during large storm events.
Impact of convalescent plasma therapy on SARS CoV-2 antibody profile in COVID-19 patients.

Convalescent plasma (CP) have been used for treatment of COVID-19, but their effectiveness varies significantly. Moreover, the impact of CP treatment on the composition of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients and antibody markers that differentiate between those who survive and those who succumb to the COVID-19 disease are not well understood. Herein, we performed longitudinal analysis of antibody profile on 115 sequential plasma samples from 16 hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with either CP or standard of care, only half of them survived. Differential antibody kinetics was observed for antibody binding, IgM/IgG/IgA distribution, and affinity maturation in 'survived' vs. 'fatal' COVID-19 patients. Surprisingly, CP treatment did not predict survival. Strikingly, marked decline in neutralization titers was observed in the fatal patients prior to death, and convalescent plasma treatment did not reverse this trend. Furthermore, irrespective of CP treatment, higher antibody affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 prefusion spike was associated with survival outcome, while sustained elevated IgA response was associated with fatal outcome in these COVID-19 patients. These findings propose that treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma should be carefully targeted, and effectiveness of treatment may depend on the clinical and immunological status of COVID-19 patients as well as the quality of the antibodies in the convalescent plasma.
Novel oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very deadly disease. HCC initiation and progression involve multiple genetic events, including the activation of proto-oncogenes and disruption of the function of specific tumor suppressor genes. Activation of oncogenes stimulates cell growth and survival, while loss-of-function mutations of tumor suppressor genes result in unrestrained cell growth. In this review, we summarize the new findings that identified novel proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors in HCC over the past five years. These findings may inspire the development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of HCC patients.
Application of Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) in spectral imaging of artworks

This study assesses the potential of Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) as an alternative tool to t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) for the reduction and visualization of visible spectral images of works of art. We investigate the influence of UMAP parameters-such as, correlation distance, minimum embedding distance, as well as number of embedding neighbors- on the reduction and visualization of spectral images collected from Poemes Barbares (1896), a major work by the French artist Paul Gauguin in the collection of the Harvard Art Museums. The use of a cosine distance metric and number of neighbors equal to 10 preserves both the local and global structure of the Gauguin dataset in a reduced two-dimensional embedding space thus yielding simple and clear groupings of the pigments used by the artist. The centroids of these groups were identified by locating the densest regions within the UMAP embedding through a 2D histogram peak finding algorithm. These centroids were subsequently fit to the dataset by non-negative least square thus forming maps of pigments distributed across the work of art studied. All findings were correlated to macro XRF imaging analyses carried out on the same painting. The described procedure for reduction and visualization of spectral images of a work of art is quick, easy to implement, and the software is opensource thus promising an improved strategy for interrogating reflectance images from complex works of art.
Temporal Dynamics and Severity of Cucurbit Downy Mildew Epidemics as Affected by Chemical Control and Cucurbit Host Type.

Cucurbit downy mildew caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis is an important disease that affects members of Cucurbitaceae family globally. However, temporal dynamics of the disease have not been characterized at the field scale to understand how control strategies influence disease epidemics. Disease severity was assessed visually on cucumber and summer squash treated with weekly alternation of chlorothalonil with either cymoxanil, fluopicolide or propamocarb, during the 2018 spring season and 2019 and 2020 fall seasons in North Carolina, and the 2018 and 2020 fall seasons in South Carolina. Disease onset was observed around mid-June during the spring season and early September during the fall season, followed by a rapid increase in severity until mid-July in the spring season and late September or mid-October in the fall season, typical of polycyclic epidemics. The Gompertz, logistic and monomolecular growth models were fitted to disease severity using linear regression and parameter estimates used to compare the effects of fungicide treatment and cucurbit host type on disease progress. The Gompertz and logistic models were more appropriate than the monomolecular model in describing temporal dynamics of cucurbit downy mildew, with the Gompertz model providing the best description for 34 of the 44 epidemics examined. Fungicide treatment and host type significantly (P < 0.0001) affected standardized area under disease progress curve (sAUDPC), final disease severity (Final DS) and weighted mean absolute rates of disease progress (ρ), with these variables, in most cases, being significantly (P < 0.05) lower in fungicide treated plots than in untreated control plots. Except in a few cases, sAUDPC, Final DS and ρ were lower in cases where chlorothalonil was alternated with fluopicolide or propamocarb than in cases where chlorothalonil alternated with cymoxanil or when chlorothalonil was applied alone. These results characterized the temporal progress of cucurbit downy mildew and provided an improved understanding of the dynamics of the disease at the field level. Parameters of disease progress obtained from this study could serve as inputs in simulation studies to assess the efficacy of fungicide alternation in managing fungicide resistance in this pathosystem.
Jackpot! How You Can Win the Lottery by Exercising Your Savings Account

= 1120382. '0 Kearney et al., supra note 2, at 3. " Tufano & Schneider, supra note 9. Loyola Consumer Law Review lottery, are actually quite old and have developed different structural permutations during their lengthy histories. PLS accounts were first engineered in 1694 by the British Government when it sought to raise El million by offering an interest-paying bond that came with a raffle ticket for a grand prize.12 Simply put, PLS and LLS accounts are savings products that have "no risk of principal loss and either forfeit or accept reduced interest payments in exchange for the chance to win one or several large prizes allocated randomly."" Consequently, a consumer who would normally accrue relatively small amounts of interest on his or her savings account would be entered into a lottery for a chance to win a much larger prize that is usually aggregated from the siphoned interest that is traditionally paid on a comparable account. 14 PLS accounts offer the guarantee of maintaining the principal investment, the liquidity of a traditional savings account, and the potential to win large sums of money or other prizes." Often, the chances of winning any of the prizes offered by PLS accounts are directly related to how much money is deposited or invested in the account.16 For example, a consumer may get one raffle "ticket" for every $25 deposited into his or her account up to a predefined maximum a necessary ceiling to prevent overly favoring wealthier investors. Interest payments on these accounts may exist below the normal market rate or even fall to zero." Prizes are typically offered weekly, monthly, quarterly, and/or yearly (with the biggest prizes offered less often)." With the foregoing structure in mind, it has been determined that, because individuals grossly overweight the extremely low probability of winning prizes, grand prizes should be extremely asymmetrical.'" Therefore, in order to attract the most depositors, governments, banks, and credit unions should offer very few enormous "grand" prizes even if it means that the probability of winning drastically shrinks.2 0 Conversely, these
Comparison of Two Extraction Techniques, Solid-Phase Microextraction Versus Continuous Liquid–Liquid Extraction/Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation, for the Analysis of Flavor Compounds in Gueuze Lambic Beer

Lambic is a beer style that undergoes spontaneous fermentation and is traditionally produced in the Payottenland region of Belgium, a valley on the Senne River west of Brussels. This region appears to have the perfect combination of airborne microorganisms required for lambic's spontaneous fermentation. Gueuze lambic is a substyle of lambic that is made by mixing young (approximately 1 year) and old (approximately 2 to 3 years) lambics with subsequent bottle conditioning. We compared 2 extraction techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and continuous liquid-liquid extraction/solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (CCLE/SAFE), for the isolation of volatile compounds in commercially produced gueuze lambic beer. Fifty-four volatile compounds were identified and could be divided into acids (14), alcohols (12), aldehydes (3), esters (20), phenols (3), and miscellaneous (2). SPME extracted a total of 40 volatile compounds, whereas CLLE/SAFE extracted 36 volatile compounds. CLLE/SAFE extracted a greater number of acids than SPME, whereas SPME was able to isolate a greater number of esters. Neither extraction technique proved to be clearly superior and both extraction methods can be utilized for the isolation of volatile compounds found in gueuze lambic beer.
A comparison of the sorption properties of mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and MCM-48

abstract The benzene and triisopropylbenzene sorption capacity and rates of adsorption for several samples of MCM-41 and MCM-48 were compared. The results indicate that for samples with similar pore diameters, MCM-41 has approximately 30% more total capacity for the two hydrocarbons than MCM-48. Pore sizes estimated from the benzene capacity measurements agree well with those calculated from argon adsorption. Estimates made from benzene capacity measurements indicate that for the MCM-41, samples the thickness of the pore walls is approximately 8 and is independent of pore diameter; the pore wall thickness of the MCM-48 sample is estimated to be slightly larger, approximately 10. Sorption rates for all samples were found to be indicative of macropore diffusion limitations rather than mesopore diffusion, hence, no conclusions can be drawn concerning the relative rates of diffusion of benzene through the mesoporous channels characteristic of these samples.
Blood clot cast of the tracheobronchial tree

A 57-year-old woman on chronic prednisone therapy for a history of progressive systemic lupus erythematosus with pulmonary involvement was admitted to the intensive care unit with dyspnea. She was diagnosed with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and required intubation due to acute respiratory failure. Ultimately, due to prolonged ventilator support, a tracheotomy was performed after 22 days of peroral endotracheal intubation. The patient was subsequently weaned off of ventilator support to tracheotomy collar and transferred to a ward unit. Two weeks post-operatively, the tracheotomy tube was uneventfully downsized. Three weeks postoperatively, the patient experienced an episode of massive haemoptysis, 2 L in volume. The patient was emergently taken to the operating room. The patient became difficult to bag ventilate and became hypoxic. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed large blood clots in the tracheobronchial tree, which could not be removed with flexible instruments. A rigid bronchoscopy was performed, and clot extracted with rigid cupped forceps (Fig. 1). At this point, oxygenation was improved. There was no bleeding source identifiable in the soft tissues of the neck or in the trachea. An arteriogram of the aortic arch, innominate artery, and carotid arteries was performed by the vascular surgery service, and was negative for extravasation. A CT scan of the neck and chest revealed a cavitary lesion of the right upper lobe, consistent with mycetoma. A bronchial artery angiogram was then performed by the interventional radiology service. Extravasation was observed from a branch of the right bronchial artery, which was embolised. Fig. 1 Blood clot cast removed via rigid bronchoscopy. The blood clot cast in this patient’s tracheobronchial tree impaired adequate ventilation until it was extracted. Rigid bronchoscopy and instrumentation permitted en bloc removal and immediate improvement in oxygenation. We have only identified one prior published photograph in the literature of a partial bronchial blood clot cast.1
Analysis of a Markov-Modulated Fluid Model for Multimedia Traffic with Loss and Delay Priorities

This paper presents a complete fluid-flow analysis of a traffic control mechanism in an ATM multiplexer, known as Nested Threshold Cell Discarding with Multiple Buffers. NTCD/MB is a buffer management scheme that implements loss and delay priority queueing strategies in order to satisfy a wide range of quality-of-service requirements. We consider a heterogeneous mix of traffic which consists of real-time traffic with a stringent cell delay requirement, and nonreal-time traffic with a stringent cell loss requirement. Moreover, a proportion of real-time cells has an additional stringent loss requirement. Cell arrivals are mode led using a fluid-flow modeling approach. The system we analyze consists of two buffers interacting via a common server. The steady-state probability distribution for the buffers' content as well as other performance statistics are obtained. Our approach is based on computing the conditional probability distributions of the buffers and using this information to find the desired unconditional stationary distributions. This approach can be used, in general, to analyze multiple dependent systems of buffers. Numerical examples based on the analysis are used along with simulations to study the performance of NTCD/MB. It is shown that NTCD/MB can be used effectively to provide performance guarantees on different cell loss and delay requirements of the traffic.
Cost Efficiencies and Rankings of Flagship Universities

Ab stract: Problem statement: Each state in the U.S. touts a premier university as the flagship of its publicly funded higher education system. With decreased government budgets and increased interest in public management reforms, these institutions are being pressured to provide evidence of and set examples for ever greater improvements in operating cost efficiencies. The problem, however, is that empirical measures of their efficiencies or inefficiencies can be sensitive and, therefore, vary widely depending upon the underlying model specification. Approach: The study used stochastic frontier analysis to estimate university cost inefficiencies over the 2005-09 academic years. Transom and Cobb-Douglas specifications were combined with two inefficiency models that treated university environmental factors as inefficiency determinants and as cost determinants. University inefficiency rankings were provided on the basis of mean scores and compared to the rankings obtained under the alternative models. Results: University mean inefficiency scores were estimated to vary between 1.19 and 1.32, indicating that costs were on average between 19 and 32% above the minimum frontier costs. At the individual university level, inefficiencies ranged from 1.015-2.43. Two specifications indicate that efficiency improvements occurred in the 2008-09 academic year. A university ranking of mean scores indicated an 87% difference between the most and least inefficient university. There was substantial sensitivity of rankings to model choice, but university rank status was found to be most unstable in the middle of the ranking distribution. Conclusion: The findings offer caution in proceeding to stochastic frontier estimates of inefficiencies without careful consideration and investigation of the sensitivities of such estimates to model choices. This study showed that advice is applicable, at least, to inefficiency estimates of U.S. flagship universities. Whether or not it is applies equally to other groups of universities is a matter of consideration for future studies.
Innovative educational approaches to engage and empower the adolescent and young adult childhood cancer survivor

There is a long history of challenges when delivering care to adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic healthcare needs. For the AYA survivor of childhood cancer, these challenges may include complex medical care, a multitude of psychosocial issues and systemic barriers to care. Educating this population is critical as they assume age-appropriate responsibility for their health and become active partners in their survivorship care. We present our regional experience with educational programming directed to AYA survivors of childhood cancer featuring an innovative approach to engaging and empowering this population.
The change in fetal activity periods in diabetic and nondiabetic pregnancies

Abstract Fetal active and quiet periods of behavioral activity were determined at 28 to 32 weeks' and 36 to 40 weeks' gestational age in insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancies and in normal pregnancies resulting in infants with weights appropriate for gestational age. Fetal active and quiet periods were based on observations of fetal movements and long-term fetal heart rate variability. The number of fetal active-quiet periods, the average duration of fetal quiet periods, and the average duration of fetal active periods were the three parameters evaluated. In the normal pregnancy groups, with increasing fetal gestational age from 28 to 32 weeks to 36 to 40 weeks there was an increase in the length of the active and quiet periods with fewer active-quiet cycles per hour. The fetuses of the diabetic women had findings similar to those of the normal group at 28 to 32 weeks; these findings were essentially unchanged at 36 to 40 weeks. These findings suggest delayed development of the active-quiet cycles in these diabetic pregnancies.
Software-assisted cache mechanisms for embedded systems

Embedded systems are increasingly using on-chip caches as part of their on-chip memory system. This thesis presents cache mechanisms to improve cache performance and provide opportunities to improve data availability that can lead to more predictable cache performance. The first cache mechanism presented is an intelligent cache replacement policy that utilizes information about dead data and data that is very frequently used. This mechanism is analyzed theoretically to show that the number of misses using intelligent cache replacement is guaranteed to be no more than the number of misses using traditional LRU replacement. Hardware and software-assisted mechanisms to implement intelligent cache replacement are presented and evaluated. The second cache mechanism presented is that of cache partitioning which exploits disjoint access sequences that do not overlap in the memory space. A theoretical result is proven that shows that modifying an access sequence into a concatenation of disjoint access sequences is guaranteed to improve the cache hit rate. Partitioning mechanisms inspired by the concept of disjoint sequences are designed and evaluated. A profile-based analysis, annotation, and simulation framework has been implemented to evaluate the cache mechanisms. This framework takes a compiled benchmark program and a set of program inputs and evaluates various cache mechanisms to provide a range of possible performance improvement scenarios. The proposed cache mechanisms have been evaluated using this framework by measuring cache miss rates and Instructions Per Clock (IPC) information. The results show that the proposed cache mechanisms show promise in improving cache performance and predictability with a modest increase in silicon area. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Gelcast Zirconia-Alumina Composites

Near net-shaped parts of zirconia-alumina composites have been successfully formed by gelcasting, a technique which utilizes in situ polymerization of acrylamide monomers. The high solids loading required for gelcasting ({approximately}50 vol %) was obtained by controlling the pH-dependent stability of the aqueous zirconia-alumina suspensions. A strong correspondence was found among the surface charges on the particles, colloidal stability, and the maximum solids loading. 14 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
VIRAL AND CELLULAR SURFACE ANTIGENS OF MURINE LEUKEMIAS AND MYELOMAS SEROLOGICAL ANALYSIS BY IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) of mouse cells which were productively infected with murine leukemia virus (MuLV) yielded the following conclusions: See PDF for Structure With two exceptions, the alloantigens H-2, θ, Ly-A, and Ly-B were not present on complete or incomplete virions produced by cells bearing these antigens.The exceptions were H-2k (but not H-2b) and θ both appeared on only a minority of virions and never on more than a small part of the circumference. The incidental discovery of an additional envelope antigen on virions produced by a BALB/c mouse myeloma but lacking from passage A Gross virions distinguishes these two viruses as MuLV subtypes; it also illustrates that IEM can be applied as a primary tool for antigenic analysis, as well as for its usual purpose of finding out where antigens are situated.
Acoustic Aperture Diffraction in a Transversely Moving Medium

The theory of diffraction from a screen in a static medium is well known. The diffraction pattern is altered, however, if there is relative motion between the diffraction plane, the observation plane or the medium between planes. The case of relative transverse motion of the medium is investigated theoretically by generalizing the wave equation to include this motion, assuming a uniform, constant velocity. An equivalent Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral is developed for this case. It is used to obtain a closed-form solution for the diffraction pattern in the Fraunhofer region for medium velocities less than the speed of sound. This solution is used to predict the amplitude distributions for several diffracting screen configurations. The results of this theory have application in performance characterization for a number of highscan-rate acoustic imaging systems.
Role of Many-Body Effects in Describing Low-Lying Excited States of π-Conjugated Chromophores: High-Level Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Studies of Fused Porphyrin Systems.

The unusual photophysical properties of the π-conjugated chromophores make them potential building blocks of various molecular devices. In particular, significant narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO gaps can be observed as an effect of functionalization chromophores with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this paper we present equation-of-motion coupled cluster (EOMCC) calculations for vertical excitation energies of several functionalized forms of porphyrins. The results for free-base porphyrin (FBP) clearly demonstrate significant differences between functionalization of FBP with one- (anthracene) and two-dimensional (coronene) structures. We also compare the EOMCC results with the experimentally available results for anthracene fused zinc–porphyrin. The impact of various types of correlation effects is illustrated on several benchmark models, where the comparison with the experiment is possible. In particular, we demonstrate that for all excited states considered in this paper, all of them being domina...
Characteristics of Iron in High Frequency Rotating Magnetic Fields

Characteristics of electrolytic iron in rotating magnetic fields of high frequency, 52,000 to 172,000 and of strength 0.7 to 5 gauss, have been determined by measurements on a disk, ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ cm thick shellacked to a half inch cover glass. Equations are derived by which $H$ and $I$ can be computed from measurements of the impressed field, the fluxes through a coil with and without the disk in it, and the torque exerted on the disk by the rotating field. This field is produced by means of two Helmholtz coils with axes at right angles, each in series with a separate oscillating circuit, coupled to the main oscillating circuit. The results agree with previous work and show that (1) the susceptibility decreases with increasing frequency; (2) the hysteresis angle tends to increase with frequency and for a given frequency reaches a maximum for $I$ at about 500; (3) the hysteresis energy loss per cycle ${E}_{h}$ increases with frequency for constant magnetic intensity and decreases for constant field, the exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ in the equation ${E}_{h}=A{H}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ increasing from 2.9 to 3.37 as frequency is increased from 52 to 172 kilocycles.
Protecting Rural Church-Going Immigrant Women from Family Violence

Rural Latino immigrant women at risk of family violence may perceive churches as their only source of help. However, immigrant church leaders may be poorly equipped to address family violence in their congregations. This article describes a project designed to stimulate and support appropriate responses to family violence by rural immigrant churches, including those identified with conservative theological views on women. The primary goal was to provide rural Latino church leaders with culturally sensitive materials and resources they were willing to use with their congregations. We collaborated with local service providers who assisted in recruiting the church leaders for the pastors’ workshops where the resource materials were presented. Survey data indicated most of the pastors were receptive to the content and planned to incorporate it into their church work. Suggestions are made for future research on this culturally sensitive approach to addressing family violence in the immigrant community.
Structural studies of novel trifluoromethylating agents—(trifluromethyl)dibenzothio- and -selenophenium salt system

Abstract (Trifluoromethyl)dibenzothio- and -selenophenium salts and their nitro derivatives 1–5 were found to serve as power-variable electrophilic trifluoromethylating agents. It would be of great significance to investigate how the power-variableness or the reaction mechanism relate to the stereostructure of the reagents. Hence, the structures of the series of the reagents are studied X-ray crystallographically. Crystals 1 and 2 belong to monoclinic system with a space group of P2 1 /n. One of the most characteristic found in their structures is that the trifluoromethyl group is protruded from the plane of the heterocyclic ring almost perpendicularly as is shown below. Other related salts will be included in the discussion.
Designing speculative household cleaning products for older adults

Aging in place is a high priority for today's elderly population, but little is known about how age affects mundane domestic activities. To make older adult's desire a reality, design researchers must continue to understand elders' needs and design products that respond to them.Presented is a human-centered approach to designing cleaning products. The project resulted in: 1) an initial understanding how aging changes older adults' ability to clean their homes and 2) a collection of speculative cleaning products that demonstrate how greater empathy for elderly users can motivate innovative design.
Heavy rare gases in a Pacific seamount

Abstract Ar, Kr, and Xe were measured in a Pacific seamount and in some related samples. No isotopic anomalies were found, and the elemental ratios indicate sorption from a reservoir of atmospheric values.
Intramolecular vibration-vibration energy transfer in triatomic molecules

Abstract An expression for the probability of intramolecular vibration-vibration energy transfer in polar and nonpolar triatomic molecules interacting with an atom is developed with specific emphasis on the effects of molecular rotation. A strong dependence of the vibrational matrix elements on the rotation angle is shown. Transitions to states involving the bending mode are greatly influenced by the molecular rotation.
ETIOLOGY OF YELLOW FEVER VI. CULTIVATION, MORPHOLOGY, VIRULENCE, AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES.

By the employment of methods designed to promote the growth both of aerobic and anaerobic organisms, particularly those belonging to the class of spirochetes, it was possible to obtain a pure culture of a delicate organism, the morphological features of which place it in the genus Leptospira. On three occasions, that is, from three out of eleven cases of yellow fever, the organism was directly cultivated. These three strains were found to induce the characteristic symptoms and lesions when tested on guinea pigs. The organism was designated Leptospira icteroides. Leptospira icteroides was also obtained in pure culture from the blood of guinea pigs which succumbed to infection after being inoculated with the blood or organ emulsions from patients suffering from yellow fever. These cultures also proved to be virulent when tested on susceptible animals. The morphological characteristics and certain biological properties of the organism were considered in detail. It is invisible under translucent illumination and is difficult to stain by most aniline dyes. It is highly sensitive to the presence of bacteria and is rapidly destroyed in a medium in which certain other organisms are present. The presence of blood serum (man, sheep, horse, rabbit, etc.) seems to be essential for its growth. It grows well at a temperature of about 25–26°C. and more quickly at 37°C., though at the latter temperature it dies out within a few weeks. At 25°C. under favorable conditions and in suitable culture media it remains viable for several months without losing its virulence. Leptospira icteroides multiplies by transverse division. The virulence attained by some strains was such that 0.00001 cc. of a culture could induce typical fatal infection in guinea pigs. There exists a considerable variation among guinea pigs in their susceptibility to Leptospira icteroides. The organism is killed within 10 minutes at a temperature of 55°C. and is also destroyed by complete desiccation or freezing and thawing. Bile and bile salts dissolve it in certain concentrations, but not saponin. Leptospira icteroides passes through the pores of Berkefeld filters V and N, and there is a possibility of its having a granular phase of life under certain conditions.
Maximizing Strength of Bimaterial Interfaces

Bi-material interfaces are prevalent in a broad range of natural and man-made components and systems. Failures often occur on the interface at a free edge, especially when the corresponding linear elastic solution exhibits a singularity in stress, which depends upon the material properties and the included angles of the two material bodies. In this paper, we combine finite element analysis and a compact self-organizing cellular automata-based genetic algorithm for topology optimization of the bi-material system. The objective is to eliminate stress singularities and furthermore to reduce peak interface stresses. The developed algorithm is applied to a simple bi-material plate in an attempt to maximize strength through geometric design.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
‘Articulating the unsaid’ via and-prefaced formulations of others’ talk:

This article provides a conversation analytic description of a previously unstudied conversational action: ‘articulating the unsaid’ via and-prefaced formulations of other people’s talk. Contributi...
Aspiration growth, talent development, and self‐fulfillment in a context of democratic erosion

Healthy liberal democracies provide strong support for the agency of gifted and talented individuals. Agency entails the development of lofty aspirations, strong talents, and self‐fulfillment over the long term. In contrast, totalitarian sociopolitical environments strongly suppress the agency of most citizens while supporting the ethically warped development of a few privileged insiders. A model of democratic growth and erosion, drawn from syntheses of scholarship from history, political theory, economics, sociology, and ethical philosophy, reveals some dynamics of large‐scale contextual influences on the gifted and talented. Current trends toward ideological polarization and mass deception suggest that democratic erosion is jeopardizing the development of high ability individuals, particularly among disadvantaged populations. Educators of the gifted must become aware of discrepancies in epistemic power and the impact of empathy gulfs while striving to support the development of creative, ethical leadership.
Electronic structure near metal-metal interfaces

Abstract A review will be given of recent calculations on metal films which give information about metal-metal interfaces. The systems discussed will include palladium on niobium, cesium on tungsten, and nickel on copper. In general it is found that the electronic structure closely resembles the bulk within one or two atomic layers of the interface. Using these methods it is possible to calculate directly the interface energy.
The influence of flow impoundment and river regulation on the distribution of riverine macroinvertebrates at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, U.S.A.

The effects of impoundment by a low-head dam and hypolimnetic release from a reservoir on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were studied in two lowland rivers. The first river (Green River) was initially divided into three zones (impounded, transitional, erosional) according to hydrological characteristics. The entire reach of the second river (Nolin River) was a regime unit. Only the Green River erosional zone was free-flowing with a linear sequence of riffle-run-pool reaches. A detrended correspondence analysis showed that the Green River impounded and transitional zones were taxonomically indistinguishable while the Green River erosional zone and the Nolin River were each distinct. A canonical correspondence analysis revealed that higher surface velocity, higher summer water temperatures and more turbid conditions, and lower water temperatures were contributing parameters to the separation of the Green River erosional zone, Green River transitional/impounded zones, and the Nolin River, respectively, in ordination space. A series of one-way ANOVA’s testing for differences of macroinvertebrates assemblages between the three Green River zones according to five metrics showed that the Green River erosional zone demonstrated significantly higher values and the transitional and impounded zones were ecologically similar.
Musculoskeletal examination A complete review

The musculoskeletal system provides the most obvious visual clues to a person's health. Problems in the musculoskeletal system can be intrinsic muscle problems or referred from organs. The history and physical examination, which are important in assessing the health of this system, are reviewed. Dynamic examination for assessing the functioning of the system are needed and are outlined. The aging of muscles and how it affects muscle function is discussed.
Numerical solution of Mathieu's equation

Abstract A method is presented for the numerical solution of Mathieu's equation. The power of the method lies in the fact that it can be used equally for ordinary and extremely asymptotic problems, making possible the computation of Mathieu functions for large values of the parameter with an accuracy heretofore unattainable.
Picard potentials and Hill's equation on a torus

Hill's equation has drawn an enormous amount of consideration due to its ubiquity in applications as well as its structural richness. Of particular importance in the last 20 years is its connection with the KdV hierarchy and hence with integrable systems. We show in this paper that regarding the independent variable as a complex variable yields a breakthrough for the problem of an efficient characterization of all elliptic finitegap potentials, a major open problem in the field. Specifically, we show that elliptic finitegap potentials of Hill's equation are precisely those for which all solutions for all spectral parameters are meromorphic functions in the independent variable, complementing a classical theorem of Picard. The intimate connection between Picard's theorem and elliptic finite-gap solutions of completely integrable systems is established in this paper for the first time. In addition, we construct the hyperelliptic Riemann surface associated with a finitegap potential (not necessarily elliptic), i.e., determine its branch and singular points from a comparison of the geometric and algebraic multiplicities of eigenvalues of certain auxiliary operators associated with Hill's equation. These multiplicities are intimately correlated with the pole structure of the diagonal Green's function of the operator H = d2/dx2+q(x) in L2(R). Our construction is new in the present general complex-valued periodic finite-gap case. Before describing our approach in some detail, we shall give a brief account of the history of the problem involved. This theme dates back to a 1940 paper of Ince [43] who studied what is presently called the Lam6-Ince potential
Plasma levels of neuroleptics vs clinical response.

Abstract The authors summarize the correlation of blood-plasma levels to clinical responses of all available psychotropic drugs and related medications. The optimal therapeutic plasma levels are tabulated. Ten different factors influencing the blood drug levels are discussed.
Theistic Proofs and Immanuel Kant: A Conflict Revisited

TRADITIONALLY one of the tasks assigned to theologians has been to provide philosophical defenses for various religious doctrines and, in particular, for the central doctrine of many religions, namely, that God exists. Indeed, historically much energy has been expended by apologists in attempting to formulate proofs of God's existence. Yet despite their efforts many of the resulting proofs were judged flawed when subjected to modern philosophical scrutiny. This seemingly singular lack of success in formulating theistic proofs led to a general decline of interest in the whole matter so that by the second quarter of the twentieth century very few scholars aside from Catholic theologians were providing proofs of the usual variety for God's existence. However, if my observations are correct, the 1960's and early 70's seem to show a renewal of interest by philosophers in theistic proofs, as evidenced by the publication of a number of fine works in this field.'
Anilinonaphthalene sulfonate as a probe for the native structure of bovine alpha lactalbumin: Absence of binding to the native, monomeric protein

Abstract The fluorescence properties of 1,8 anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) in the presence of high concentrations of bovine alpha lactalbumin have been studied. While ANS was shown to bind to aggregated or partially denatured bovine alpha lactalbumin, at neutral pH, 0.1 M phosphate, no significant binding of ANS to alpha lactalbumin or any associated fluorescence enhancement was detected. Sedimentation velocity experiments suggest that near the isoelectric point of the protein the binding of ANS stabilizes aggregates of alpha lactalbumin and therefore promotes association.
Child, parent, and family predictors of latter adjustment in siblings of children with autism

Abstract Research findings examining the adjustment of siblings of children with autism has been inconsistent, with some studies concluding that siblings are negatively impacted, while others have found no adverse effects. We argue that one reason for these inconsistent findings may be the failure by some investigators to take into account the increased genetic vulnerability faced by siblings of children with autism. In this study, we assessed the adjustment of siblings, with and without a diagnosed non-medical disability or disorder, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1337–1341]. When compared to non-diagnosed siblings and a large normative sample, diagnosed siblings scored significantly higher in terms of adjustment difficulties and lower in terms of prosocial behavior. In addition, in hierarchical regressions, several child, parent, and family factors were found to be significant predictors of adjustment among non-diagnosed siblings when assessed 2 years latter, while no explanatory variables were significantly linked to latter adjustment outcomes among siblings with a diagnosed disability or disorder. Study limitations and implications are discussed.
Is There Need for the 3PL Model? Guess What?

Maris and Bechger (2009) talk about the many-to-one relationship between models and probabilities associated with the observed data: the conditional probability of the observed responses may be the...
Desarguesian partial parallelisms

This article establishes connections between Desarguesian partial parallelisms of deficiency one in PG(3,q) and translation planes of orderq4 admitting a collineation group isomorphic to SL(2,q) which is generated by Baer collineations.
Study of a surface critical phenomenon associated with surface segregation in CuAg alloys

Abstract This paper presents a modified regular solution formalism for surface segregation in substitutional alloys which distinguishes between bond energies at the surface and in the bulk of a solid solution. The differences between surface and bulk energies are ascribed to strain energy effects associated with misfitting solutes. Experimental measurements of surface composition on (111) surfaces of CuAg alloys dilute in Ag are reported and show the existence of a surface phase transition, which manifests itself as an abrupt surface composition change at temperatures below 788 K. Similar measurements on (100) surfaces show no comparable critical phenomena down to temperatures as low as 523 K, indicating a strong anisotropic behavior of the surface phase transition. The data are compared with the model to obtain model-based estimates of the surface critical temperatures and the surface regular solution constants for both surface orientations.
Tax multipliers and monetary policy: Evidence from a threshold model

Romer and Romer (2010) use the narrative record to generate a time series of exogenous shocks to fiscal policy. They report a tax multiplier of 3.0. We extend their analysis and allow for nonlinearities between their shocks and the effects on output by estimating a threshold regression model. Using Hansen’s (1997) procedure, we find the best fitting threshold is changes in the federal fund rate with a delay of two quarters. Moreover, we find that the tax multiplier is approximately 4.3 if accompanied by an accommodative monetary policy and approximately 1.2 under tight monetary policy.
"Infrared Image Sensors With Schottky-Barrier Detectors"

This paper reviews the progress in the development of infrared image sensors with Schottky-barrier detectors. Schottky-barrier focal plane arrays (FPAs) are the only infrared imagers that are fabricated by the well established silicon VLSI process. Therefore, at the present time they represent the most mature technology for large-area high-density focal plane arrays for many SWIR (1 to 3 μm) and MWIR (3 to 5 μm) applications. Infrared line sensing arrays with up to 4096 x 4 elements and area sensing arrays with up to 512 x 512 elements have been reported. PtSi Schottky-barrier detectors (SBDs) represent the most established SBD technology for applications in the SWIR and MWIR bands at an operating temperature of about 80K. These SBDs can be designed for operation at 77K with a dark current density in the range of 1.0 to 20 nA/cm2. Pd2Si SBDs were developed for operation with passive cooling at 120K in the SWIR band. IrSi SBDs have also been investigated to extend the application of Schottky-barrier focal plane arrays (FPAs) into the LWIR (8 to 10 μm) spectral range. Because of very low readout noise, the IR-CCD imagers with PtSi SBDs which have quantum efficiency of .5 to 1% at 4.0 gm are capable of 300K thermal imaging with a noise equivalent temperature (NEAT) of less than 0.1K for operation at 30 frames/s and f/1.5 to f/3.0 optics.
Image Reconstruction Based on Compressed Sensing with Split Bregman Algorithm and Fuzzy Bases

When original data is not complete or image degenerates, image reconstruction and recovery will be very important. In order to acquire reconstruction or recovery image with good quality, compressed sensing provides the possibility of achieving, and an image reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing with split Bregman method and fuzzy bases sparse representation is proposed, split strategy is applied in split Bregman algorithm in order to accelerate convergence speed; At the same time, discrete cosine transform and dual orthogonal wavelet transform are treated as bases to represent image sparsely, and image is reconstructed by using split Bregman algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can improve convergence speed and reconstruction image quality.