cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Project EMSLAB examines subduction

As part of the International ELAS (Electrical Studies of the Asthenosphere) Project (Eos, July 31, 1979, p. 551), which has been designated as a “key project” by the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) Interunion Commission on the Lithosphere, large land and sea electromagnetic arrays have been deployed by workers from Canada, the United States, Mexico, and other countries during the summer and early fall of 1985. Soviet workers are expected to participate in the data analysis. This array, known as Project EMSLAB (for “electromagnetic study of the lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath (the Juan de Fuca Plate and adjacent continents)”), will use geomagnetic variation and magnetotelluric techniques to study the electrical conductivity of the crust, lithosphere, and asthenosphere in and above the actively subducting Juan de Fuca Plate. The area to be studied includes the region from the Juan de Fuca Ridge to the North American continent, across the Cascade Range of southern Canada, Washington and Oregon states, and into the Basin and Range Province of the western United States. Complementing the magnetic variometer array will be a profile of magnetotelluric and short-period magnetic variation sites along a swath through central Oregon.
Grounding collaborative work support system research in theory: the case for procedural justice theory

Collaborative work support systems (CWSS) usage and research have proliferated. While many researchers have reported positive effects of CWSS use, findings have been inconsistent. Field studies have generally reported more positive findings than laboratory studies. Laboratory findings have been less positive and more inconsistent. Procedural justice theory concerns itself with how individual's form perceptions of the fairness of the process by which group outcomes are determined. The theory may provide a theoretical basis for the explanation of conflicting research findings, a theory based explanation for the benefits associated with CWSS use, and may serve as the basis of a framework for a systematic program of research designed to assess how CWSS may best be designed and utilized by organizations. >
Heme levels are increased in human failing hearts.

Objectives The goal of this study was to characterize the regulation of heme and non-heme iron in human failing hearts. Background Iron is an essential molecule for cellular physiology, but in excess it facilitates oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the key regulators of iron homeostasis through heme and iron-sulfur cluster synthesis. Because mitochondrial function is depressed in failing hearts and iron accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, we hypothesized that iron regulation may also be impaired in heart failure (HF). Methods We measured mitochondrial and cytosolic heme and non-heme iron levels in failing human hearts retrieved during cardiac transplantation surgery. In addition, we examined the expression of genes regulating cellular iron homeostasis, the heme biosynthetic pathway, and micro-RNAs that may potentially target iron regulatory networks. Results Although cytosolic non-heme iron levels were reduced in HF, mitochondrial iron content was maintained. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in heme levels in failing hearts, with corresponding feedback inhibition of the heme synthetic enzymes and no change in heme degradation. The rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2 (ALAS2), was significantly upregulated in HF. Overexpression of ALAS2 in H9c2 cardiac myoblasts resulted in increased heme levels, and hypoxia and erythropoietin treatment increased heme production through upregulation of ALAS2. Finally, increased heme levels in cardiac myoblasts were associated with excess production of reactive oxygen species and cell death, suggesting a maladaptive role for increased heme in HF. Conclusions Despite global mitochondrial dysfunction, heme levels are maintained above baseline in human failing hearts.
Effects of Pad Temperature on the Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Tungsten

In this study, the effects of pad temperature on the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of tungsten were investigated. During polishing, the pad temperature was monitored and the removal rate behavior with respect to the pad temperature evolution was explored. The pad temperature was increased during tungsten CMP, and the tungsten removal rate increased accordingly. Further, it was found that the two had a strong correlation. Although tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) polishing experiment showed that the pad temperature increased similarly under various experimental conditions, the TEOS removal rate did not change for all conditions. A novel pad-cooling nozzle effectively reduced the pad temperature during tungsten polishing and influenced the tungsten removal rate drop. Table motor current monitoring revealed that friction forces were almost identical under all experimental conditions for tungsten polishing regardless of the application of pad cooling. On the basis of pad temperature and table motor current data, it was clear that the tungsten removal rate was determined by temperature, indicating that the tungsten removal mechanism was mostly driven by a chemical reaction. Further, the pad cooling function can be used to control the tungsten removal rate effectively, resulting in a stable tungsten CMP process.
TOPOLOGICAL PHASE TRANSITION IN THE NU =2/3 QUANTUM HALL EFFECT

The double-layer \ensuremath{\nu}=2/3 fractional quantum Hall system is studied using the edge-state formalism and finite-size diagonalization subject to periodic boundary conditions. Transitions between three different ground states are observed as the separation as well as the tunneling between the two layers is varied. Experimental consequences are discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
A new 3D display using a dynamically reconfigurable display matrix surface

This paper presents a new three-dimensional display system using a reconfigurable projection manifold. The display surface is warped interactively into a non-planar manifold according to the scene image's depth information for the current view. Scene images are projected onto the display using computer graphics and a post-process warping. We currently use two projections to provide a complete coverage of the manifold surface from oblique projection angles. In this paper, we describe the overall design issues and goals of the projector-based rendering process, introduce the algorithms to model the projection manifold surface and describe the algorithms used to create the pre-warped images from the scene image. Our current prototype is a discrete tile-based approximation to the depth manifold. We describe our experiments with two such prototypes, one using a static test configuration, and another actuated using linear motion controllers for each discrete tile. This second prototype can be configured dynamically, as the depth information in the scene changes.
Computer-aided failure analysis of VLSI circuits using I/sub DDQ/ testing

A new approach to IC diagnosis, based on realistic defect modelling, has been recently proposed. Algorithms have been devised to generate 'good' diagnostic test sets. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that high levels of diagnostic resolution can be obtained for CMOS random logic, especially when abnormal I/sub DDQ/ current measurements are monitored in addition to circuit output voltages. >
Clinically Feasible Biofilm Susceptibility Assay for Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of chronic airway infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF airway isolates are often tested for antibiotic susceptibility but are rarely eradicated by the antibiotics identified as potentially effective. The growth state of P. aeruginosa in CF airways is probably different from that exhibited under conventional susceptibility testing conditions and may represent a bacterial biofilm. Biofilm susceptibility testing methods were adapted to create an assay for implementation in a clinical microbiology laboratory. This assay gave reproducible results when examined in 300 paired determinations with 12 antimicrobial agents, with a serious error rate of 5.7%. The biofilm assay was used retrospectively to test these 12 agents against 94 isolates from 41 CF patients. The biofilm inhibitory concentrations (BICs) were much higher than the corresponding conventionally determined MICs for the β-lactam antibiotics (median values: aztreonam, >128 μg/ml versus 4 μg/ml; ceftazidime, 128 μg/ml versus 2 μg/ml; piperacillin-tazobactam, 256 μg/ml versus 4 μg/ml; and ticarcillin-clavulanate, 512 μg/ml versus 16 μg/ml, respectively) and doxycycline (>64 μg/ml versus 16 μg/ml); and similar for meropenem (4 μg/ml versus ≤ 1 μg/ml), ciprofloxacin (0.5 μg/ml versus 1 μg/ml), and the aminoglycosides amikacin (32 μg/ml versus 16 μg/ml), gentamicin (16 μg/ml versus 8 μg/ml), and tobramycin (4 μg/ml versus 2 μg/ml). The median BIC for azithromycin was 2 μg/ml, whereas isolates were uniformly resistant when tested by standard methods. This demonstrates the feasibility of adapting biofilm susceptibility methods to the clinical microbiology laboratory and opens the way to examining whether biofilm testing might be used to select more effective antibiotic combinations for CF airway infections than methods in current use.
Cytochrome P450 and the individuality of species.

The P450 superfamily is expanding rapidly on many fronts. Arabidopsis genomic sequencing is producing about 2 to 3 novel P450s per week, with some clusters containing 9-14 genes. Bacterial genomes also carry surprises, such as the 20 P450s found in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the 7 in Bacillus subtilis. The race to finish the human genome has already identified the majority of human P450s, some by expressed sequence tags only. The rapid discovery of new genes is being complemented by detailed analysis of our human genes to identify and characterize the complete set of human P450 polymorphisms and disease-causing mutations, one aspect of our "chemical individuality." Phylogenetic trees are included for plant, fungal, animal, and bacterial P450s. Emphasis is given to the higher order nomenclature of P450 clans, as a tool to see the larger picture of P450 evolution. Arabidopsis is the current record holder in P450 genes, with 186 named genes and a prediction of 350 in the total genome to be completed next year. The biosynthesis of cholesterol in bacteria is discussed in relation to CYP51 as a lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase. This enzyme may have been the first eukaryotic P450.
A bridging water anchors the tethered 5-(3-aminopropyl)-2'-deoxyuridine amine in the DNA major groove proximate to the N+2 C.G base pair: implications for formation of interstrand 5'-GNC-3' cross-links by nitrogen mustards.

Site-specific insertion of 5-(3-aminopropyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (Z3dU) and 7-deaza-dG into the Dickerson−Drew dodecamers 5′-d(C1G2C3G4A5A6T7T8C9Z10C11G12)-3′·5′-d(C13G14C15G16A17A18T19T20C21Z22C23G24)-3′ (named DDDZ10) and 5′-d(C1G2C3G4A5A6T7X8C9Z10C11G12)-3′·5′-d(C13G14C15G16A17A18T19X20C21Z22C23G24)-3′ (named DDD2+Z10) (X = Z3dU; Z = 7-deaza-dG) suggests a mechanism underlying the formation of interstrand N+2 DNA cross-links by nitrogen mustards, e.g., melphalan and mechlorethamine. Analysis of the DDD2+Z10 duplex reveals that the tethered cations at base pairs A5·X20 and X8·A17 extend within the major groove in the 3′-direction, toward conserved Mg2+ binding sites located adjacent to N+2 base pairs C3·Z22 and Z10·C15. Bridging waters located between the tethered amines and either Z10 or Z22 O6 stabilize the tethered cations and allow interactions with the N + 2 base pairs without DNA bending. Incorporation of 7-deaza-dG into the DDD2+Z10 duplex weakens but does not eliminate electrostatic interactions bet...
Generalized Inversion of Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) Data and a Coupled Model of the Tropical Pacific. Part II: The 1995–96 La Niña and 1997–98 El Niño

Abstract The investigation of the consequences of trying to blend tropical Pacific observations from the Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) array into the dynamical framework of an intermediate coupled ocean–atmosphere model is continued. In a previous study it was found that the model dynamics, the prior estimates of uncertainty in the observations, and the estimates of the errors in the dynamical equations of the model could not be reconciled with data from the 1994–95 period. The error estimates and the data forced the rejection of the model physics as being unacceptably in error. In this work, data from two periods (1995–96 and 1997–98) were used when the tropical Pacific was in states very different from the previous study. The consequences of increasing the prior error estimates were explored in an effort to find out if it is possible at least to use the intermediate model physics to assist in mapping the observations into fields in a statistically consistent way. It was found that such a result is pos...
Barriers and facilitators to providing primary care-based weight management services in a patient centered medical home for Veterans: a qualitative study

Obesity is highly prevalent among Veterans. In the United States, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) offers a comprehensive weight management program called MOVE!. Yet, fewer than 10 % of eligible patients ever attend one MOVE! visit. The VHA has a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) model of primary care (PC) called Patient-Aligned Care Teams (PACT) at all Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers. PACT teamlets conduct obesity screening, weight management counseling, and refer to MOVE!. As part of a needs assessment to improve delivery of weight management services, the purpose of this study was to assess PACT teamlet and MOVE! staff: 1) current attitudes and perceptions regarding obesity care; 2) obesity-related counseling practices 3) experiences with the MOVE! program; and 4) targets for interventions to improve implementation of obesity care in the PC setting. We recruited 25 PACT teamlet members from a single VA study site—11 PC physicians, 5 registered nurses, 5 licensed practical nurses, 1 clerical assistant, and 3 MOVE! staff (2 dietitians, 1 psychologist)—for individual interviews using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. Audio recorded interviews were professionally transcribed and iteratively coded by two independent reviewers. The analytic process was guided by discourse analysis in order to discover how the participants perceived and provided weight management care and what specific attitudes affected their practices, all as bounded within the organization. Emerging themes included: 1) role perceptions, 2) anticipated outcomes of weight management counseling and programs, and 3) communication and information dissemination. Perceived role among PCPs was influenced by training, whereas personal experience with their own weight management impacted role perception among LPNs/RNs. Attitudes about whether or not they could impact patients’ weight outcomes via counseling or referral to MOVE! varied. System-level communication about VHA priorities through electronic health records and time allocation influenced teams to prioritize referral to MOVE! over weight management counseling. We found a diversity of attitudes, and practices within PACT, and identified factors that can enhance the MOVE! program and inform interventions to improve weight management within primary care. Although findings are site-specific, many are supported in the literature and applicable to other VA and non-VA sites with PCMH models of care.
U.S. Army Nurses' Reintegration and Homecoming Experiences After Iraq and Afghanistan

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to understand U.S. Army nurses' reintegration and homecoming experiences after deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Method: Employing existential phenomenology and purposive sampling, 22 U.S. Army active duty nurses were recruited from two military posts and participated in single digitally recorded interviews. Results: Five themes emerged: (1) aspects of command support were articulated as “No One Cares”; (2) fulfilling requirements for attendance at pre/postdeployment briefings were described as merely “Check the Blocks”; (3) readjustments from focusing strictly on duty requirements versus multitasking, such as family responsibilities and daily living, led to the “Stress of Being Home”; (4) nurses stated “They Don't Understand” when referring to anyone without deployment experience (family, friends, other soldiers); and (5) when referencing deployment experiences, nurses emphasized that, “It Just Changes You.” Discussion: Nurses in this study felt that the curr...
Incongruent Teen Pregnancy Attitudes, Coparenting Conflict, and Support Among Mexican‐Origin Adolescent Mothers

The current longitudinal study examined whether differences between Mexican-origin adolescent mothers and their mother figures (N = 204 dyads) in attitudes on the status attained through teen pregnancy were associated with conflict in their coparenting relationship and whether coparenting conflict was associated with adolescent mothers' perceptions of social support. Findings revealed that when adolescents held more positive attitudes than their mother figures about the status gained through teen pregnancy, they tended to report greater coparenting conflict with their mother figures. Furthermore, greater coparenting conflict was significantly associated with decreases in adolescents' perceptions of social support (i.e., emotional, instrumental, companion support) 1 year later. Findings underscore the importance of incongruent attitudes and the quality of coparenting relationships between adolescent mothers and their mother figures in relation to support processes. Findings are discussed with respect to understanding Mexican-origin adolescent mothers' social support in the context of family subsystem attitudes and interactions.
Cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging: finally up to speed?

Since the mid-1970s, stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) has been an integral part of clinical cardiology and has become the most frequently used noninvasive stress imaging test of the heart. This is all the more remarkable because stress nuclear imaging has some practical
Rules, scales, and the tick of animal development

The Development of Animal Form: Ontogeny, Morphology, and Evolution. Alessandro Minelli. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 2003. 232 pages. ISBN 0-521-80851-0. Cloth $50.00. Perhaps Lord Rutherford had not read Darwin when he famously declared that “there are two types of scientist—physicists and stamp collectors,” but this sentiment can still bring discomfort to paleontologists. Indeed, the genesis of this journal was partly a response to the need for a more analytical approach to the fossil record, but our data often remain annoyingly distant from systems subject to controlled manipulation in the lab. As a specialist on a group with no extant descendants I have, like many others, been beguiled by the lure of Hox genes—those metazoan regulatory genes that constrain regional differentiation along the anterior-posterior axis, among several other roles. The extraordinary conservation of Hox DNA-binding domains among extant bilaterians, and their linkage to “body plan” aspects of morphology, generates excitement that we are on the cusp of discovering the ultimate root of homology through the analysis of developmental genes and their regulation. That sense, expanded to a broader set of “developmental” genes and tempered in most cases, has been the theme of a spate of recent books in the expanding field of evolutionary developmental biology, commonly known as “evo-devo.” Such books have generally taken a developmental genetic approach, both discussing the genetic mechanics of particular developmental systems (essentially the natural history of developmental networks) and then considering how these might have evolved. The logic of a “genes-up” approach lends itself to clear hierarchical frameworks for the organization of sections and chapters, making some of these books excellent teaching texts. In their view, the hierarchy of development marches in a determined progression from genes to their ultimate expression—the mature adult. Sandro Minelli's new book is radically different in style and substance, and …
Zone Approach to Knee Arthroscopy

The zone approach to knee arthroscopy divides the knee into ten anatomic zones. This article presents the zone classifications and describes the combination of portals for the arthroscope, the probe, and the operating instruments. The particular leg position which is thought to allow the best visualization of each zone is also described. Alternate portals are necessary in certain situations, as in knees with tight ligamentous structures. This list of standard and alternate portals is not meant to be all-inclusive, but we do urge that all ten zones are examined during arthroscopy. The objectives of this article are to describe a method of arthroscopic examination that is both systematic and comprehensive, and to develop an arthroscopic nomenclature that allows easy localization and reporting of pathology in the knee joint.
The Semantic Web and the Semantics of the Web: Where Does Meaning Come From?

We would like to understand the meaning of content on the web. Bit where should that meaning come from? From markup language annotations created by the authors of the content? Crowdsourced from readers of the content? Automatically extracted by machine learning algorithms? This talk investigates the possibilities.
Epidemiological Analysis on Bacterial Dysentery in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 1999

Objective To investigate the epidemiological factor of bacterial dysentery in Guangdong Province and to discuss the prevention and control measures . Method Statistical analysis was conducted based on the epidemiological data collected from 1990 to 1999.Results A total number of 146 110 cases of bacterial dysentery was reported during 1990 to 1999, with a annual average incidence of 21.23 1100000 and 79 cases died with a mortality of 0.012/100000. The incidence retes were from 26.11/100000 to 27.21/100000 in 1990-1992, 18.85/100000 to 22.15/100000 in 1993-1998, and 15.53/100000 in 1999.Qingyuan and zhuhai ranked the top two in 21 prefectwres,with the incidences of 54.57/100000 and 52.30/100000 respectively,followed by Shaoguan, Shenzhen ,Jiangmen,Dongguan ,Zhongshan, Guangzhou ,Foshan ,Huizhou, Zhanjiang and Maoming with the incidences ranging from 18.33/100000 to 41.81/100000. Cases were mainly found in children, especially under 10 years old,acounting for 48.37% the total cases. Conclusion The incidence of bacterial dysentery dropped smoothly in Guangdong Province from 1990 to 1999.The disease was more common in the pearl River Delta and the northern mountain areas.Children under ten years old are the major populetion to be protected.Vaccination is recommended if possible.
Trends in internet search activity, media coverage, and patient-centered health information after the FDA safety communications on surgical mesh for pelvic organ prolapse.

In July 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety communication regarding serious complications associated with surgical mesh for pelvic organ prolapse, prompting increased media and public attention. This study sought to analyze internet search activity and news article volume after this FDA warning and to evaluate the quality of websites providing patient-centered information. Google Trends™ was utilized to evaluate search engine trends for the term “pelvic organ prolapse” and associated terms between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Google News™ was utilized to quantify the number of news articles annually under the term “pelvic organ prolapse.” The search results for the term “pelvic organ prolapse” were assessed for quality using the Health On the Net Foundation (HON) certification. There was a significant increase in search activity from 37.42 in 2010 to 57.75 in 2011, at the time of the FDA communication (p = 0.021). No other annual interval had a statistically significant increase in search activity. The single highest monthly search activity, given the value of 100, was August 2011, immediately following the July 2011 notification, with the next highest value being 98 in July 2011. Linear regression analysis of news articles per year since the FDA communication revealed r2 = 0.88, with a coefficient of 186. Quality assessment demonstrated that 42 % of websites were HON-certified, with .gov sites providing the highest quality information. Although the 2011 FDA safety communication on surgical mesh was associated with increased public and media attention, the quality of relevant health information on the internet remains of poor quality. Future quality assurance measures may be critical in enabling patients to play active roles in their own healthcare.
Theoretical Frameworks for Understanding Social Class Corporeality

This chapter begins with a brief historical overview of sociology of the body as a way of framing the later treatment of Bourdieu’s work on habitus, field, capital, and body hexis. Following this summary, this chapter then turns to Annette Lareau’s work on child-rearing logics that correspond with social class position. After exploring Lareau’s “concerted cultivation” and “accomplishment of natural growth” orientations, this chapter theorizes on how teachers might “read” the body language of children in different social class positions and the instructional consequences of such interpretations.
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor B Regulates Erythroblastic Island Size in Human in-Vitro Erythroblastic Islands

Abstract 3190 Erythropoiesis occurs in a unique bone marrow (BM) microenvironment known as erythroblastic islands. Erythroblastic islands are composed of erythroid precursors in close contact with specialized stromal macrophages, also referred to as central or island macrophages. Human erythroblastic island macrophages have been difficult to discern from other macrophage subpopulations by cell surface markers, although they have reduced expression of C3b receptor (CD35) (Lee et al., 1988). The unique non-antigen presenting nature of erythroblastic island macrophages led us to hypothesize that it may share surface receptors of other tolerogenic macrophages subpopulations, including leukocyte immunoglobulin-like transcript B receptors (LILRB). We first identified a distinct subset of human bone marrow macrophages with flow cytometry, which express high amounts of LILRB1 and LILRB2 surface receptors, have low expression of C3b surface receptor (p − /CD71 + ) and combined them with FACS sorted LILRB1 + /LILRB2 + (LILRB + ) or LILRB1 − /LILRB2 - (LILRB − ) BM macrophages, there were no significant differences in erythroblastic island reconstitution, suggesting that the adhesion of primary BM erythroblasts to island macrophages is not related to macrophage LILRB expression. Since our ex-vivo erythroid population was enriched for late precursors, we tested island reconstitution with CD34+ cell-derived cultured erythroblasts and FACS sorted LILRB + or LILRB - BM macrophages, which resulted in a significantly higher number of large proliferative erythroblastic islands (>25 erythroblasts/island macrophage) in LILRB + compared with LILRB - macrophages (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Dynamics of Ice Surfaces

The dynamics of faceted and partially faceted single crystal and polycrystalline ice are reviewed with an emphasis on the manner in which microscopic effects produce macroscopic shapes. Our understanding of the former is rooted in the basic kinetics common to all materials and our pursuit of the latter is largely motivated by the striking patterns exhibited in the natural environment when water changes phase to become ice.
On channel equalization for full-duplex relay networks

In this paper we analyze the performance of a full-duplex relay system in the presence of residual self-interference (SI) and frequency-selective fading. In particular, the residual SI channel estimation performance is evaluated both analytically and via simulation. The bit error rate (BER) performance at the destination is also characterized via simulation. Two schemes are considered for the equalization of the source-to-relay (SR) and relay-to-destination (RD) channels: end-point equalization and distributed equalization. In the first approach, channel equalization is performed only at the destination and is similar to an amplify-and-forward model. In the second approach, equalization of the SR channel is performed at the relay, while the RD channel equalization is performed at the destination. We show that at the cost of a modest complexity increase at the relay, the distributed scheme provides more robust performance than its end-point counterpart.
Driving frequency fluctuations in pulsed capacitively coupled plasmas

We report time resolved measurements of the RF current, voltage and complex impedance for pulsed plasmas through electropositive (Ar) and electronegative (CF4, O2) gases and gas mixtures. In addition, we report measurements of the effective frequency versus time at various locations within the RF circuitry. The frequency is found to fluctuate away from that sourced by the RF generator when the plasma re-ignites. Plasma re-ignition induces abrupt impedance changes due to the re-formation of the plasma sheath and bulk. These fast changes in the plasma impedance cause the measured changes in the voltage and current frequencies. As a result, the frequency of the RF power at the plasma electrodes was found to be as much as 250 kHz different from that being sourced by the RF generator for short periods of time. These frequency fluctuations are of particular interest to the application of frequency tuned matching networks.
ELECTROSTATIC APPLICATION OF CONDUCTIVE PESTICIDE SPRAYS

The mass-transfer efficiency of the basic droplet-deposition process of pesticide sprays onto biological surfaces has been improved by incorporation of electric force fields. For conductive sprays charged to the 5-10 mC/kg level, tracer studies verify deposition increases of 2- to 7-fold onto various plant and model targets when compared with similar uncharged sprays and with conventionally applied sprays. Due to gaseous discharges induced to flow from sharply pointed or edged plant structures, an inherent deposit-limiting phenomenon which depends upon plant morphology has been shown to exist. Field studies on cotton and on vegetable crops have shown the insect-control efficacy achieved by electrostatic applications of ½-rates of pesticide to equal conventional applications of full-rates.
Flotation plant-wide control strategy evaluated on hybrid pilot plant

Abstract In this work, the implementation and use of a metallurgical simulator for a flotation plant, including rougher-cleaner-scavenger, RCS, is presented. The simulator can be fed by the user with input operating and metallurgical variables generated off line or in a hybrid manner. In the last case, the operating variables of all circuits are read from instrumentation installed in the pilot plants and combined with virtual variables, generated by the user, to run the metallurgical simulator in order to predict the characteristics of each virtual stream. The pilot plant is located at the Process Control Laboratory and includes a three pneumatic cells rougher circuit, a flotation column and a two pneumatic cell scavenger circuit. The regrinding and classification stages are simulated by using models based on literature. An expert control system is built in order to find out best operating points, in the sense of metallurgical results, mainly Cu global recovery and specified characteristics of the final concentrate. The expert system administrates the set points of the controllers of the operating variables of the plant (froth depths and air flow rates). The control strategy maximizes the rougher Cu recovery subject to the condition that the produced rougher concentrate can be adequately processed in the cleaner, regrinding, classification and scavenger circuits. To achieve this, the quality of the rougher concentrate (Cu grade over a given value and solid mass flow rate under a given value) is monitored jointly with the degree of saturation of manipulated variables in the rest of the circuits, the quality of the final concentrate and the recovery of the scavenger circuit. The result is to find out how to operate the whole plant to obtain both a final concentrate meeting specifications and the maximum Cu global recovery of the plant. Several examples are discussed. Copyright © 2017 IF AC.
Constitutionality in Montana: A Decade of Institution Building in the Blackfoot Community Conservation Area

Constitutionality is an approach that addresses how people shape their own institutions and rules for local natural resource use even amidst politically challenging conditions at multiple scales. In this paper we examine thelocal public-private partnership known as the Blackfoot Community Project in western Montana (U.S.A.) and its efforts to forstall increasing social and ecological fragmentation by purchasing and conveying thousands of acres of divested corporate timberlands into various conservation ownerships including a locally-owned community conservation area. Based on a decade of participatory research, we examine the creation and operation of the Blackfoot Community Conservation Area (BCCA)’s key governance institution, the BCCA Council, and its efforts to develop locally supported and effective procedures for two of its most contentious issues: motorized recreation and grazing. The analysis highlights strategies of deliberate and incremental processes of participation, cooperation across property boundaries, experimentation, adaptation, and rule modification to find compromises for combined local social and ecological benefits. The paper concludes with a discussion on the tensions raised between these accomplishments occurring in a boldly neoliberal nation-state and among increasingly heterogenous communities, and ongoing challenges entailed in using the market and private ownership (albeit governed by and for a collective of local constituents) as a strategy to foster resource ownership and stewardship.
Integration of Molecular Signaling into Multiscale Modeling of Cancer

Multiscale modeling has now been well-accepted as a powerful tool to quantitatively represent, simulate, understand, and predict cancer progression and development across multiple biological scales. In this chapter, we focus on a specific type of multiscale cancer models where molecular signaling profiles are explicitly linked to the determination of cellular phenotypic changes. These models are particularly suitable for exploring the relationship between signaling dynamics within each individual cancer cell and the emergent cancer behavior on the multicellular level. We also discuss current challenges and future directions of this molecular signaling-incorporated multiscale cancer modeling approach.
Cigarette and smokeless tobacco company smartphone applications

Purpose Two previous studies indicate that prosmoking apps might encourage smoking behaviour via smoking cues. The current paper seeks to build on these studies and provide an updated overview of the characteristics of tobacco industry-sponsored apps. Methods In November 2017, we identified 19 unique top-selling cigarette brands, 20 smokeless tobacco brands, 30 e-cigarette brands and 43 cigar brands based on Nielsen sales from 2016 Nielsen Scantrack data and 2016 Kantar advertising data from the Kantar Media Stradegy database. We searched for these brand-sponsored apps in the Google Play and Apple iTunes US online stores. Results We identified four cigarette and one smokeless tobacco brand-sponsored apps on the Google Play store, but none in the Apple store. The apps sponsored by Grizzly, Newport, Skoal, Camel and Winston used the last four digits of the users' social security number to verify age. The Marlboro app offered another option in addition to providing a partial social security number-providing a valid home address. The main feature of all apps was location-based, time-sensitive coupons. Some apps had additional functions such as additional detailed product information, interactive help menus and games. Discussion This paper provides an up-to-date description of apps that are sponsored by tobacco companies. Cessation interventions could consider reminding their target audience to delete these apps to support quit attempts.
Observing literacy learning across WeChat and first-year writing: A scalar analysis of one transnational student’s multilingualism

Abstract Writing research has yet to fully explore multilingual, transnational students’ literacies as negotiated across formal, informal, and digital spaces and as mediated by semiotic and identity resources mobilized across local and translocal contexts. This study draws on theoretical concepts of polycentricity and scale (Blommaert et al., 2005a, 2005b; Canagarajah & De Costa, 2016 ) to examine one Chinese international student’s (Morgan) literacies across an honors-designated first-year writing class and WeChat (a popular social networking smartphone application). Based on detailed tracing of Morgan’s literacies, this study examines her language and identity practices as mediated by local and translocal semiotic resources distributed across spaces and times. In connecting WeChat and the writing classroom as two centers of Morgan’s multilingual work, this study provides a nuanced account of spaces as semiotic resources that operate with normative values that legitimize certain language practices while constraining others. A scalar analysis of Morgan’s self- and school-sponsored literacies complicates current accounts of digital literacies as expanding opportunities for literacy learning by suggesting ways in which literacy mobility might be constrained by power differentials that position spaces and language practices in hierarchical orders.
Application of Parametric Insurance in Principle/Regulation-Compliant and Innovative Ways

This paper offers a comprehensive review of parametric insurance from a contractual viewpoint. We propose a new categorization of parametric insurance. We then outline the benefits and concerns of parametric insurance in comparison to indemnity-principle based insurance, and discuss the regulatory compliance matters. There has been a rise of innovative parametric insurance solutions in recent years covering a wide range of risks and serving clients from individuals, to businesses, and to governments. We survey the current global market and identify areas where insurance and reinsurance companies can play important roles in offering or supporting parametric insurance operations. Lastly, we offer a case study on a type of parametric insurance designed to cover earthquake risk in California.
Efficient coupling of a quantum cascade laser to a few-mode chalcogenide fiber: erratum

The authors wish to acknowledge an additional funding source which was absent from our manuscript.
The Effect of a Concussion on the Hazard Anticipation Ability in Teen Drivers

Driving after a brain injury is controversial. Since diagnosing a concussion and tracking the healing trend is challenging, whether or not a patient is fit-to-drive after the injury is open to interpretation. The primary purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of a concussion on teen drivers’ hazard anticipation skill. Twenty-four participants were recruited for this study in two groups: the concussed teen driver group and the non-concussed teen driver group. They were asked to wear an eye-tracker and drive with a driving simulator. The drive included several scenarios with potential latent hazards. While driving, the participants were expected to scan the latent hazards with their eyes and fixate at the hazardous area. The results show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the hazard anticipation skills between the two groups on two primary aspects: 1). The concussed group showed more random eye movements while the non-concussed participants had more deliberate eye fixations with less distractions and saccadic jumping. 2) The concussed patients showed a significantly poorer performance in anticipating the potential hazards. In conclusion, results indicate concussions can affect the hazard prediction skills of the teens, which in turn makes the driving task riskier for this group of drivers.
Braided Agreements and New Frontiers for Relational Contract Theory

This Article, written for a symposium at Wharton celebrating Ron Gilson's scholarship, assesses Gilson, Sabel & Scott's "braided contracting" thesis, presented in their 2010 article, Braiding: The Interaction of Formal and Informal Contracting in Theory, Practice, and Doctrine. Focusing particularly on the application of the braiding thesis to preliminary agreements, this Article presents new evidence of a preliminary negotiation process called "alpha contracting," used from time to time by the Department of Defense in sole-source situations, that exhibits many of the key characteristics of braided contracting's logic. The piece then turns to the limits of the braiding thesis, identifying a number of new questions for relational contracting research to explore.
The Stealth Assault on Antitrust Enforcement: Raising the Barriers for Antitrust Injury and Standing

The first Annual Conference sponsored by the American Antitrust Institute featured a number of prominent speakers and explored a number of important issues. The Conference had two principal focuses: substantive questions of antitrust liability and the future direction of public enforcement of the antitrust laws by the Department of Justice's Antitrust Division and by the Federal Trade Commission. However, an issue of at least equal importance was barely discussed, although it has seriously affected the scope and direction of the antitrust laws. That issue: Private enforcement of the antitrust laws, and the significant undermining of those efforts by a number of restrictive recent decisions from the Supreme Court and lower courts.
Spatially Resolved STIS Spectroscopy of alpha Orionis: Evidence for Non-radial Chromospheric Oscillation from Detailed Modeling

Four spatially resolved near-UV raster scans across the chromospheric disk of alpha Ori, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, reveal mean chromospheric infall from 1998 January to 1998 April, which reversed to upflow in deeper layers between 1998 September and 1999 March. In 1998 September we detect systematic reversals in the component maxima of four double-peaked emission lines of Si I (UV 1), Fe II (UV 36), Fe II (UV 61), and Al II] (UV 1), when scanning across the UV disk. Detailed modeling of the Si I lambda 2516 resonance line with radiative transport calculations in spherical geometry constrain the mean radial velocity structure in the projected slit area (25 by 100 mas) for different aperture positions, observed off-limb to 157.5 mas. Hence we determine with semi-empirical models that these spatial reversals of emission line components correspond with average opposite flow velocities of ~2 km/s across the chromospheric disk. We determine that the chromospheric velocity field can not be represented by a unique radial velocity structure across the stellar disk in order to match the observed peak ratios of this raster scan. These sub-sonic velocities indicate (local) non-radial movements of chromospheric fluid in confined regions during a chromospheric oscillation phase, which reverses from global contraction into expansion over this monitoring period of 15 months.
Heat treatment of aluminium alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion: A review

Abstract Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is the most widely used additive manufacturing technique and has received increasing attention owing to the high design freedom it offers. The production of aluminium alloys by LPBF has attracted considerable interest in several fields due to the low density of the produced alloys. The peculiar solidification conditions experienced by molten metal during the SLM process and its layer-by-layer nature causes a variety of microstructural peculiarities including the formation of metastable phases and supersaturated solid solutions, extreme microstructural refinement, and generation of residual stresses. Therefore, post-build heat treatments, which are commonly applied to conventionally produced aluminium alloys, may need to be modified in order to be adapted to the peculiar metallurgy of aluminium alloys manufactured using LPBF and address the specific issues resulting from the process itself. A number of studies have investigated this topic in recent years, proposing different approaches and dealing with various alloying systems. This paper reviews scientific research results in the field of heat treatment of selective laser melted aluminium alloys; it aims at providing a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the induced microstructure and the resulting mechanical behaviour, as a function of the various treatment strategies.
Relay Selection with Wireless Energy Transfer in mmWave Networks

We consider the problem of relay selection in mmWave networks with wireless energy transfer, assuming a two-hop decode-and-forward relaying. We incorporate the energy stored at each node in relay selection decision. We propose a centralized algorithm that maximizes an objective function with linear complexity. The results show that incorporating the energy at nodes in relay selection decision increases the number of packets successfully received over network lifetime.
Errata for "Cerebro: a data system for optimized deep learning model selection"

We discovered that there was an inconsistency in the communication cost formulation for the decentralized fine-grained training method in Table 2 of our paper [1]. We used Horovod as the archetype ...
Evaluation of sun-protective behaviors in transplant clinic patients: a longitudinal analysis.

Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at a significantly elevated risk for developing cutaneous malignancies. In recent years, the advent of dermatology clinics dedicated to this specific patient population has aimed to provide increased access and specialized care, including important sun-protective behavior education. It has been shown that OTRs tend to have poor sun-protective practices, and care at these specialized dermatology clinics has facilitated an improvement in sun-protective behavior. Previously, sun-protective behavior of patients within these specialized clinics has been characterized longitudinally, though only for a short duration of 3 months. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 230 OTRs seen at a single academic institution’s transplant clinic between 2016–2020 and sought to characterize sun-protective behavior at baseline and longitudinally. 78 patients returned for at least one follow-up visit, and the median follow-up duration was 15.1 months (IQR 8.4–24.3 months). Sun-protective behavior was quantified using the average score of questions addressing sunscreen usage frequency, consistency, circumstance of application, reapplication, and sun avoidance. We utilized paired Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to analyze changes in sun-protective behavior between initial visits and subsequent follow-up visits. Sun-protective behavior was increased at the first follow-up visit (median change in sun-protective score − 0.04, p = 0.017) and second follow-up visit (median change in sun-protective score − 0.25, p = 0.026) compared to the initial visit. Multivariable logistic regression and mixed effects modeling were employed to quantify patient features associated with increased sun-protective behavior. Female sex [OR 3.79, 95% CI (1.83, 8.04)] and personal history of skin cancer [OR 3.06, 95% CI (1.25, 7.76)] were associated with stronger sun-protective behaviors at baseline. Female sex [OR 13.77, 95% CI (2.44, 77.52)] was the only characteristic associated with increased sun-protective behavior over time. Our findings identify patient characteristics that are associated with increased sun-protective behavior after education in a dermatology clinic dedicated to OTRs.