cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“A sick man’s dream”: Jephthah, Judges, and Blake’s Visions of the Daughters of Albion

Even a cursory reading of the eleventh chapter of Judges suggests obvious parallels between the Jephthah story and Blake’s Visions of the Daughters of Albion; however, Blake’s six illustrations of Judges (including two of Jephthah and his daughter) irrefutably document his appropriation of the story. No critic has connected the Jephthah story of virgin sacrifice to Oothoon’s fate, nor have Blake’s illustrations of the Judges narrative received much attention. My argument is that Blake’s contrary reading of the book of Judges should inform our critical reading of Visions. This intertextual analysis emphasizes the poem’s representation of the female body as a site of sacrifice and how both Blake’s illustrations and the poem position readers for this spectacle of virginity and violence. Reading Blake’s illustrations of the Jephthah narrative—visual revelations of issues of sexual power—amplifies the poem’s cultural power, its iconic representation of a patriarchal obsession with virginity, demonstrable in late eighteenth-century British culture but with ties to biblical, Hebraic representations of virginity and violence. Blake’s culturally-targeted revision of Jephthah’s daughter defies eighteenth-century British cultural strictures about female purity and marital customs by transforming the daughter virgin’s lament at not being able to marry into Oothoon’s redefinition of sexual purity. Further, my reading refutes the widespread critical opinion that in the ending of the poem, the heroine Oothoon offers free love that is, in Mellor’s words, a “male fantasy,” serving the interests of the “male libertine, ”and underscores the poem’s critique of mandated female virginity and culturally-endorsed violence. Finally, Finally, the illustrations and the poem document Blake’s engagement with this biblical book where Israel’s destiny unfolds through accounts of judges who again and again misjudge, who enact sexual violence and fail to see its connection with their own violent ends. Blake’s Visions begins and ends with a chorus of daughters—in between it chronicles the horrors of exploitation, rape, slavery, cultural imperialism and links those to individual sexual repression, like Theotormon’s troubled image of Oothoon, like Jephthah’s sacrifice of his daughter, truly a “sick man’s dream.”
Validation of the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding.

Objective: To test the validity of the definition, related factors, and defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. Also, to test whether defining characteristics relevant to the interruption of breastfeeding may be included in the diagnosis of ineffective breastfeeding. Design: A methodologic study using a two‐stage Delphi process. Participants: Sixty‐six nurses in the first round of the Delphi process and 34 nurses in the second round. Main Outcome Measures: A Likert‐like scale was used to measure nurse experts' opinions as to how reflective each defining characteristic was of ineffective breastfeeding. Results: The definition of ineffective breastfeeding was simplified, related factors were added, and defining characteristics were clarified. Two characteristics of interruption of breastfeeding were found to be relevant to ineffective breastfeeding, but were considered minor rather than major. Conclusion: The definition, related factors, and defining characteristics of ineffective breastfeeding have been clarified and validated by nurse experts, but they need further validation by breastfeeding women.
Influence of Molecular Ordering on Electrical and Friction Properties of omega-(trans-4-Stilbene)Alkylthiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au (111)

The electrical and friction properties of omega-(trans-4-stilbene)alkylthiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). The sample surface was uniformly covered with a molecular film consisting of very small grains. Well-ordered and flat monolayer islands were formed after the sample was heated in nitrogen at 120 oC for 1 h. While lattice resolved AFM images revealed a crystalline phase in the islands, the area between islands showed no order. The islands exhibit substantial reduction (50percent) in friction, supporting the existence of good ordering. NEXAFS measurements revealed an average upright molecular orientation in the film, both before and after heating, with a narrower tilt-angle distribution for the heated fim. Conductance-AFM measurements revealed a two orders of magnitude higher conductivity on the ordered islands than on the disordered phase. We propose that the conductance enhancement is a result of a better pi-pi stacking between the trans-stilbene molecular units as a result of improved ordering in islands.
A New Form of Residual Deformation in the Coronary Artery: Implications for In Vivo Mechanical Behavior

Vascular residual stress has been the subject of numerous studies for more than two decades. The importance of residual stress on vascular mechanics was first recognized by Chuong and Fung [1]. They demonstrated that when circumferential residual stress was considered in the mechanical analysis, a nearly uniform stress distribution was predicted across the vessel wall. This suggested that vascular cells, despite being at different radial locations, experience the same stress environment. Residual stress is also known to exist longitudinally, and recent studies have shown that this highly effects the stress environment as well [2]. This study presents a new form of vascular residual stress, one that occurs in shear, within the porcine coronary artery. The effects of residual shear stress on the transmural stress profile are examined. We hope the results can lead to a better understanding of the residual stress field, and therefore help develop more robust and predictive models for vascular diseases.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A Standing Wave in Stable Drainage Flow Induced by a Small Industrial Facility

A small town close to a lead/zinc smelter was experiencing unusually high concentrations of sulfur dioxide during certain drainage flow conditions. The episodes occurred in situations where the buoyant plume rise should have been sufficient to eliminate any excessive ground level concentrations resulting from building wake effects. A field study was initiated using visible oil fog, tracer gas releases, and constant volume balloons. The resulting data revealed that a standing wave was being induced in the flow across the smelter bringing pollutants from as high as 150m agl down to 30m agl over the nearby town. The existence of the wave is attributed to the combined effects of the smelter buildings and the thermal forcing supplied by smelter operations. Data are presented characterizing the wavelike disturbance and documenting the meteorological conditions under which it occurs. A comparison is made between the simulated pollutant impacts using the tracer gas data and model predictions using the Industrial Source Complex dispersion model.
Implementing a Quality Assurance Program Using a Risk Assessment Tool on Dairy Operations

Concerns and perceptions about antibiotic residues in milk prompted the dairy industry to develop a voluntary program to support rational antibiotic use on dairy farms. One deficiency of this program is the inability of producers to identify easily the weaknesses in antibiotic management in order to develop control plans. To overcome this deficiency, an educational approach was designed. The program centered on an on-farm risk assessment tool used by the producer and an industry educator to determine the current risk for residue violation. The risk assessment tool was tested by 25 field personnel working with northeastern milk receivers and 250 producers in seven states. The participants in the study identified a lack of adequate treatment records as being the highest risk factor for antibiotic residues, followed by deficiencies in understanding how to use antibiotics and poor relationships between veterinarians and their clients. When field representatives utilized the risk assessment tool, for most producers, risk of antibiotic residue decreased by approximately 19%. In particular, more farms kept written records or more complete records. Finally, producers with reported histories of antibiotic residues were less likely to implement management changes to reduce the risk of antibiotic residue.
Delayed nephrologist referral and inadequate vascular access in patients with advanced chronic kidney failure.

Abstract We sought to determine whether late referral to a nephrologist in patients with chronic renal failure influences the adequacy of vascular access for hemodialysis. We analyzed data describing all health care encounters for all Medicare and Medicaid patients with end-stage renal failure in New Jersey between January 1991 and June 1996. Patients were required to have been diagnosed with renal disease at least 1 year prior to onset of hemodialysis. In the resulting cohort of 2,398 incident hemodialysis patients, 35% had their first nephrologist consultation ⩽90 days prior to initiation of dialysis. After controlling for demographic characteristics, socio-economic status and underlying renal disease, we found that patients who were referred to a nephrologist >90 days prior to onset of hemodialysis were 38% more likely to have undergone predialysis vascular access surgery than those who were referred to a nephrologist ⩽90 days before dialysis [OR: 1.38; 95% CI (1.15; 1.64)]. Similarly, patients referred late were 42% more likely to require central venous access for hemodialysis compared to those seen by a nephrologist early [OR: 1.42; 95% CI (1.17; 1.71)]. Inadequate development of vascular access for renal replacement therapy in patients with late nephrologist referral unnecessarily contributes to the burden of disease experienced by this vulnerable patient population.
Predictive Analyses of the Performance of a Headway Control System for Heavy Commercial Vehicles

SUMMARY This paper presents the results of analyses aimed at examining the performance of a vehicle system consisting of a heavy truck, range and range-rate sensors for measuring the relative motion of a leading vehicle, a cruise control modified to accept velocity commands, and a control unit for switching in and out of a headway-control mode. A control strategy, that approximately transforms the system into an equivalent first order system, is described. Physical interpretations of the meanings of the control system parameters are made using simulation results to illustrate the influences of design choices and measurement errors.
New paradigm for optimal multiparameter image visualization

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the effective display of multi-parameter medical diagnostic data, such as arises in MRI or in multimodality image-fusion. A new decision-theoretic model of the human observer in a visualization task isdeveloped, and used to derive optimal algorithms for the display of a maximally informative fused monochromeimage. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper addresses the effective display of multi-parameter medical diagnostic data, such as arises in MRI or in multimodality image-fusion. In such data, also known as a vecior field, a vector value, rather than a scalar, is associated with each pixel. Each component of the vector corresponds to a different imaging modality, or a differentcombination of imaging parameters, and may provide different levels of contrast sensitivity between different tissues.The question therefore arises, as to how to present this wealth of data to the diagnostician.The ultimate goal of diagnostic imaging is the detection, localization, and quantification of abnormality. An interme-diate goal, which is the one we address, is lo present ihe diagnoslician with an image thai will maximize his chancesio correcilg classify differen1 regions in the image as belonging Lo differeni Lissue types. Our premise is that thediagnostician is able to bring to bear all his knowledge and experience, which are difficult to capture in a computerprogram, on the final analysis process. This is often key to the detection of subtle and otherwise elusive features inthe image. We therefore rule out the generation of an automatically segmented image, which not only fails to includethis knowledge, but also would deprive the diagnostician of the opportunity to exercise it, by presenting him withhard labels for different regions in the image. Instead we concentrate on the fusion of the vector data into a singlemost informative grey-scale image.The problem of display of vector fields has received limited attention, as briefly surveyed in [1J. However, all methodsthat have been proposed suffer from severe drawbacks in the present application, including loss of contrast betweensome of the distinct tissue types.We develop a Bayesian decision-theoretic model of the human observer in a visualization task, and use it to motivateseveral optimality criteria for the fusion of a vector field into a single maximally informative monochrome image.Algorithms for the efficient optimization of these criteria are presented, and applied to sample images. Computerphantoms are used in this paper, but MRI diagnostic images will be used in the conference paper presentation.The same visualization problem is treated in a companion paper [1] submitted to this conference, using a differentapproach. The approach in [1] relies less directly on the Bayesian visualization model, and the motivation for the
Biotechnology in pharmaceuticals: the Japanese challenge

The products of biotechnology are being developed for new diagnostics and therapeutics, and it is predicted that they will have great impact on the pharmaceutical industry. In the United States, pharmaceutical companies are incorporating biotechnology into their research and development programs, often with the contractual assistance of small biotechnology firms. Their strongest competition is arising in Japan, where there are now concerted government and industry efforts to expand biotechnology capabilities and to optimize commercialization. Strategies used by the United States and Japan to incorporate biotechnology into their pharmaceutical industries are examined and compared.
An efficient scheme for chaining with client-centric buffer reservation for multi-media streaming

This paper proposes a "chaining" based media content delivery algorithm which supports "VCR operations". The proposed algorithm explicitly balances the client-side requirements to support the VCR functionalities, while preserving the advantages of using the client playback device as a proxy video server, as specified in the original chaining algorithm. The paper also investigates the effect of supporting VCR operations on the performance of the proposed scheme and the impact these operations have on chaining. To this end, a study to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm, within this framework, is conducted. The results show that, for a small community of clients, increasing user activity, in terms of VCR operations performed during stream delivery, have detrimental effects on primary bandwidth reduction. Furthermore, the results show that a limited subset of VCR operations appears to boost the effectiveness of chaining. Introducing a full range of VCR functionalities, however, lead to a decrease in the amount of primary server bandwidth reduction, thereby indicating an apparent interplay between the number of clients viewing a video and the range of VCR operations supported.
The Transcription Factor SPDEF Suppresses Prostate Tumor Metastasis

Emerging evidence suggests that the SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) plays a significant role in tumorigenesis in prostate, breast, colon, and ovarian cancer. However, there are no in vivo studies with respect to the role of SPDEF in tumor metastasis. The present study examined the effects of SPDEF on tumor cell metastasis using prostate tumor cells as a model. Utilizing two experimental metastasis models, we demonstrate that SPDEF inhibits cell migration and invasion in vitro and acts a tumor metastasis suppressor in vivo. Using stable expression of SPDEF in PC3-Luc cells and shRNA-mediated knockdown of SPDEF in LNCaP-Luc cells, we demonstrate for the first time that SPDEF diminished the ability of disseminated tumors cells to survive at secondary sites and establish micrometastases. These effects on tumor metastasis were not a result of the effect of SPDEF on cell growth as SPDEF expression had no effect on cell growth in vitro or subcutaneous tumor xenograft-growth in vivo. Transcriptional analysis of several genes associated with tumor metastasis, invasion, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition demonstrated that SPDEF expression selectively down-regulated MMP9 and MMP13 in prostate cancer cells. Further analysis indicated that forced MMP9 or MMP13 expression rescued the invasive phenotype in SPDEF expressing PC3 cells in vitro, suggesting that the effects of SPDEF on tumor invasion are mediated, in part, through the suppression of MMP9 and MMP13 expression. These results demonstrate for the first time, in any system, that SPDEF functions as a tumor metastasis suppressor in vivo.
Ion irradiation-induced bimodal surface morphology changes in InSb

High-energy ion irradiation of InSb results in the formation of bimodal surface structures, namely microscale hillock-like structures fully composed of nanoscale fibers. Analysis of the surface structures by a wide range of electron microscopy techniques reveals correlations between the irradiation conditions, such as the ion energy and fluence, and changes in the surface morphology. Sputtering effects play a key role in the integrity of the surface layer with increasing ion fluence. Possible mechanisms responsible for the morphological transformation are discussed, including both irradiation-induced and mechanical effects.
Some perspectives on the transfer of cell-mediated immunity by immune-RNA.

Ribonucleic acid extracts of lymphoid cells from immune hosts were used to transfer in vivo and in vitro cell-mediated immune reactivity to a variety of antigens. The in vivo immune responses transferred by RNA included the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to fungal and chemically-defined antigens and the tumor-rejection reaction to guinea pig hepatoma antigens. The in vitro immune responses transferred by RNA included macrophage migration inhibition by fungal, chemically-defined, and tumor antigens. The transfer activity of RNA preparations was contained in the 8 s to 18 s species of RNA and was sensitive to RNAse but not to DNase or trypsin. Antigen was not detectable in the RNA preparations and appeared to have no role in the transfer activity. Syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic sources of RNA could transfer immune reactivity. In each system tested, the transfer of cell-mediated reactivity by RNA was specific for the antigen used to sensitize the RNA donor. The potential use of RNA-mediated transfer of immunity is discussed.
Measurement of thermophysical properties of polyurethane foam insulation during transient heating

Abstract Thermal conductivity and heat capacity of polyurethane foam insulation of 374 kg·m−3 density were measured up to 200 ° C. Thermal conductivity and heat capacity were determined by transient temperature data taken across the foam specimen when one surface was subjected to a uniform heat flux input. The transient temperature data were then processed by a parameter estimation computer code to determine the effective thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Linear thermal conductivity and heat capacity variations with temperature were determined by providing the property values at two different temperatures. Analyses for sequential estimates, residuals, sensitivity coefficients were conducted for all property data obtained to assure accuracy. The results were compared with published data as well as an existing model. It was found that the existing model for thermal conductivity of foam materials tends to underpredict the experimental data.
Effect of alcohol on the early and late components of the averaged electroencephalic response to clicks.

Early and late components of the averaged electroencephalic response to clicks were studied for eight adult subjects prior to and at regular intervals after ingestion of two ounces of 100 proof bou...
Resection of rectal mucosa without proctectomy as an adjunct to abdominoperineal resection for nonmalignant conditions.

Summary An operative procedure consisting of excision of the rectal pouch and sigmoid end colostomy was performed in each of ten dogs to evaluate the fate of the rectal pouch. In each of the chronic survivors the lumen of the rectal pouch became obliterated within six to eight weeks, and abscess did not occur. Because of the frequent morbidity associated with abdominoperineal resection, it is believed that the described operation may warrant clinical trial in selected patients with ulcerative colitis and certain other nonmalignant conditions involving the rectum.
Animal fat consumption and pancreatic cancer incidence: evidence of interaction with cigarette smoking.

Purpose A large difference in fat intake and pancreatic cancer incidence exists among populations worldwide. This study investigated the relation between fat consumption and pancreatic cancer risk at the population level. Methods Fat consumption data for nine periods (1964–1994) and age-standardized pancreatic cancer incidence data for five periods (1973–1997) in 35 countries were derived from the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization, respectively. Results A significant positive correlation was found between animal fat consumption and pancreatic cancer incidence in all periods examined (r = 0.40–0.74, p = 0.021 to Conclusions The consumption of fat, especially animal fat, was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer and this association was modified by levels of cigarette smoking.
The effect of α-tocopherol on essential fatty acid oxidation in liver mitochondria from vitamin E-deficient chicks☆

Abstract Development of encephalomalacia in chicks seemed related to the depression of enzymic activity in the liver mitochondria. If injected intramuscularly at the first sign of symptoms, α-tocopherol alleviated the symptoms and restored enzyme activity. Furthermore, the liver mitochondria obtained from chicks which had received injections of α-tocopherol was not subject to peroxidation to any greater degree than the liver mitochondria obtained from chicks which had been kept on a vitamin E-supplemented diet. Lipid peroxidation was found to coincide with linoleate oxidation in the liver mitochondria of vitamin E-deficient chicks. The lipoperoxides seemed to inhibit coupling of an enzyme with cytochrome c and cytochrome a in the electron-transport system.
Biaxial orientation of poly (ethylene terephthalate). Part II: The strain–hardening parameter

Results of a study of the orientation characteristics of extruded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) (Homopolymer) sheets are discussed with respect to stretching condition. PET exhibits strain-induced crystallization upon being stretched to large extension ratios. This may lead to strain-hardening, which is accompanied by an upswing in the stress–strain curve recorded during the process of extension. A parameter pertaining to the extension ratio, at which the onset of strain-hardening occurs during stretching of the specimen, is defined. This is called the strain-hardening parameter (SHP). The dependence of the SHP on the mode of stretching, the temperature of stretching, the strain rate, and the limiting extension ratio in the first stretch direction, are studied. It is seen that the SHP in both simultaneous and sequential modes decreases with increasing strain rate and the limiting extension ratio in the first stretch direction, while it increases with increasing temperature of stretching. For specimens stretched in the simultaneous mode at 90°C, SHP versus extension rate shows a minimum. This could be due to viscous dissipation at high rates of extension. Also studied is the relationship of strain-hardening and the SHP with strain-induced crystallization. It is seen that for specimens stretched in the uniaxial constrained mode, the rapid increase in properties with extension occurs much before the upswing in the stress–strain curve. The upswing occurs at the extension ratio at which the increase in properties once again becomes gradual. This means that the upswing in the stress–strain curve indicates significant completion of strain-induced crystallization and the establishment of structural order within the specimen. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cerebral white matter disease is associated with Alzheimer pathology in a prospective cohort.

Abstract Background Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected white matter disease has been correlated with cognitive decline in the elderly individuals, it is unclear whether white matter disease is primarily responsible for the cognitive deterioration or whether another process is common to both white matter disease and dementia. Methods We examined the relationship between Alzheimer-type brain pathology at autopsy and MRI-detected cerebral white matter disease in 50 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging Autopsy Program, a prospective study of aging that includes detailed cognitive assessments. Results White matter disease was quantitated in pre- and postmortem MRI scans using the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) criteria in a blinded manner. We found that several measures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease score, Braak score, and a composite AD pathology score, along with hypertension, were significantly associated with CHS white matter score using univariate and multivariate ordinal regression. In contrast, amyloid angiopathy was not independently associated with CHS score. Although a clinical diagnosis of dementia was associated with CHS score in univariate analysis, the association disappeared after accounting for AD pathology. Conclusion AD pathology at autopsy is associated with MRI-detected cerebral white matter disease. This relationship may explain, in part, the association between cerebral white matter disease and cognitive decline in the elderly individuals.
A formal approach for product model information

A formal approach to the representation of engineering and CAD information is developed, called EDM. Its intended use includes defining schemas for integrated engineering databases, a normal form for translating between CAD systems and/or engineering applications, and for archiving. A set of information structures or forms is developed for describing engineering product models. The criteria identified and used to evaluate and justify the structures include: (1) representation of function, as well as the form and physical properties of the product; (2) support for multiple levels of abstraction and for the various phases of the product life cycle; (3) representation of semantics sufficient for all uses and for determining the validity of information used in applications; and (4) extensible semantics, supporting the addition of new functional evaluations, new technologies, and new conceptual generalizations. A small set of class structures and relations is presented. expressed as predicate logic forms, and composed from domains and aggregations. These class structures support: (1) functional descriptions of a product and their accumulation within multiple hierarchies, based on shared physical property descriptions; (2) the definition of physical objects in terms of functional descriptions and their composition into higher level objects; (3) generalizations of objects and functions; (4) constraint structures that specify integrity conditions; and (5) structures able to depict engineering technologies.
A Coupled-Cluster Study of the Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectrum, and Heats of Formation of XONO2 (X=H, F, Cl)

The equilibrium structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies, dipole moments, and IR intensities of nitric acid, fluorine nitrate, and chlorine nitrate have been investigated by using the singles and doubles coupled cluster method that also includes a perturbational estimate of the effects of connected triple excitations, CCSD(T). A standard triple-zeta double-polarized basis set was utilized. The equilibrium geometries and vibrational spectra of HONO2 and ClONO2 are shown to be in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The ab initio vibrational spectrum of FONO2 is also shown to be in excellent agreement with experiment. Unlike the FOOF and FON molecules, but similar to the cis- and trans-FONO molecules, FONO2 is shown to possess normal bond distances. The bonding in FONO2 is shown to be more similar to that in ClONO2 than that in HONO2, although there are still significant differences, especially in the partial atomic charges as deduced from Mulliken populations. This causes FONO2 to possess almost no dipole moment, which is very different to both HONO2 and ClONO2. By using large atomic natural orbital basis sets, CCSD(T) energies are computed for four isodesmic reactions in order to determine an accurate heat of formation for FONO2. Our best estimate for DELTA H(raised circle) (sub f,298) is 3.1 plus or minus 2.0 kcal/mol, indicating that the F-ONO2 bond energy is 31.3 kcal/mol.
Development of behavioral audition in the kitten.

Abstract The present study reports the maturation of behavioral responses to several classes of auditory stimulation and defines both natural and artificial stimuli to which kittens respond. This development is discussed relative to the physical maturation of the external auditory canal and the pinna and the extant electrophysiological and neuroanatomical literature. The external auditory canal did not reach its maximum depth until 12 ± 3 days of age and this was followed by a gradual deepening of the external concavity resulting in the complex adult pinna being formed at around 31 days of age. All but two of the animals showed diffuse pinna movements to tactile, visual and olfactory stimulation on the first post-natal day. The kittens showed a definite response to auditory stimuli by 5 ± 1.5 days. In all cases, the early responses consisted of a general arousal, bouts of pinna movements and facial squints. In general the earliest responses were seen to the tape recorded natural stimuli. Seventy-five percent of the animals responded to all stimulus presentations by 7 days of age, but showed adult latencies only at 14 days. Some degree of spatial localization appeared as early as 10 days, but 75% of the subjects showed this at 16 days with adult latencies coming in at 26 days. It was within this latter period that the animals began to show habituation to the non-animal sounds. These results demonstrate, by using a battery of both natural and artificial auditory stimuli, a diffuse reactivity in the neonatal kitten which suggests that the immature auditory system is quite capable of mediating simple behaviors before central connections are either electrophysiologically or anatomically mature.
Identification of a Major Subfamily of Large hsp70-like Proteins through the Cloning of the Mammalian 110-kDa Heat Shock Protein

A major mammalian heat shock protein of 110 kDa (hsp110) has long been observed, but has not been cloned. We have cloned the hamster cDNA for hsp110 and show that it hybridizes on a Northern blot to a 3.5-kilobase heat-inducible message in hamster and mouse. The hsp110 sequence was found to share an approximately 30-33% amino acid identity with members of the hsp70 family, most of which occurs in the conserved ATP-binding domain of these molecules. In addition, five sequences were found to be highly similar to hsp110. These are the sea urchin egg receptor for sperm (Foltz, K.R., Partin, J. S., and Lennarz, W.J. (1993) Science 259, 1421-1425) and additional sequences from human and Caenorhaditis elegans and two from yeast. The carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of hsp110 and these five related proteins contain a pattern of highly conserved regions of sequence unique to this group. A probe containing these conserved sequences was found to strongly cross-react on a Southern blot with genomic sequences from yeast to man. A Western blot analysis of several murine tissues indicates that hsp110 is constitutively expressed in all mouse tissues and is highly expressed in brain. Therefore, hsp110 belongs to a new category of large and structurally unique stress proteins that are the most distantly related known members of the hsp70 family.
Didáctica de la poesía: estudio y propuestas metodológicas para la explotación de textos poéticos en el aula de E/LE

En los ultimos anos la revalorizacion de los textos poeticos en el aula de E/LE ha determinado una convivencia de consideraciones teoricas y procedimientos didacticos muy diferentes a la hora de valorar el uso y la explotacion de este tipo de textos en clase. Hoy en dia, la situacion en el aula sigue pasando del rechazo total o matizado a la reivindicacion absoluta, en cuyo ultimo caso se ofrecen soluciones didacticas que en la mayoria de las ocasiones no tienen en cuenta sus posibilidades de tratamiento en el aula. El presente articulo intenta analizar las causas, para posteriormente aportar vias de acercamiento y explotacion metodologicas que configuren un marco de actuacion en la clase de Espanol como Lengua Extranjera.
The chromosome number in humans: a brief history

Although genetics flourished in the first half of the twentieth century, human cytogenetics lagged behind, held up by the obstinate belief that humans had 48 chromosomes. This article examines the technical and psychological factors that hampered progress in the field.
Representation patterns for cultural heritage resources

The universe of available cultural heritage metadata schemas grows more complex every day. Existing schemas are optimized for use in the library, archive, or museum domains and to fit the needs of shared services and applications. Emerging Linked Data approaches introduce additional challenges for metadata designers and creators responsible for implementing these standards. In other domains, design patterns are used to clearly articulate problems, their contexts, and available solutions. This poster introduces preliminary research to identify such patterns in cultural heritage metadata standards using content analysis and a participatory design methodology.
Outcomes of perioperative beta-blockade in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a meta-analysis

Background:Several studies have evaluated the impact on myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and overall mortality of perioperative β-blocker use in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery (NCS). However, most studies did not have adequate sample size and statistical power and were therefore underpowered to adequately evaluate these end points.Objective:To conduct a meta-analysis to determine the balance of benefits and harms associated with perioperative β-blocker use in NCS.Methods:A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted from January 1960 through February 2009. Manual reference search was performed to identify additional relevant trials. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials comparing the use of β-blockars with placebo; using β-blockers perioperatively in β-blocker–naive patients undergoing NCS; and evaluating endpoints of Ml, stroke, or all-cause mortality were included.Results:Six trials (N = 10,183) met our ...
Total Synthesis of (−)-7-Epicylindrospermopsin, a Toxic Metabolite of the Freshwater Cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, and Assignment of Its Absolute Configuration

The Z and E nitrones 38 and 39 from condensation of aldehyde 20 with hydroxylamine 36 underwent intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition to give the substituted 1-aza-7-oxobicyclo[2.2.1] heptanes 40 and 41 in a ratio of 2:1, respectively. Reductive N−O bond cleavage of 40 followed by carbonylation gave cyclic urea 47 in which inversion of the secondary alcohol was effected via an oxidation−reduction sequence. After conversion of the p-bromobenzyl ether 50 to azide 54, activation of the cyclic urea as its O-methylisourea and reduction of the azide led to spontaneous cyclization to afford the tricyclic nucleus 59 of cylindrospermopsin. Global deprotection, including hydrolysis of the 2,4-dimethyoxypyrimidine appendage to a uracil, and then monosulfation of the resultant diol 60 afforded a substance identical with natural (−)-7-epicylindrospermopsin (1). The asymmetric synthesis of (−)-7-epicylindrospermopsin defines its absolute configuration as 7S,8R,10S,12S,13R,14S.
TRIP13 promotes error-prone nonhomologous end joining and induces chemoresistance in head and neck cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a common, aggressive, treatment-resistant cancer with a high recurrence rate and mortality, but the mechanism of treatment resistance remains unclear. Here we describe a mechanism where the AAA-ATPase TRIP13 promotes treatment resistance. Overexpression of TRIP13 in non-malignant cells results in malignant transformation. High expression of TRIP13 in SCCHN leads to aggressive, treatment-resistant tumors and enhanced repair of DNA damage. Using mass spectrometry, we identify DNA-PKcs complex proteins that mediate nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), as TRIP13-binding partners. Using repair-deficient reporter systems, we show that TRIP13 promotes NHEJ, even when homologous recombination is intact. Importantly, overexpression of TRIP13 sensitizes SCCHN to an inhibitor of DNA-PKcs. Thus, this study defines a new mechanism of treatment resistance in SCCHN and underscores the importance of targeting NHEJ to overcome treatment failure in SCCHN and potentially in other cancers that overexpress TRIP13.
Observation of a nonthermal disordered lattice state in heat-induced structural phase change in gold

Summary form only given. Although structural phase change in metals is a vital problem due to its fundamental importance as well as wide applicability in materials processing and manufacturing, the underlying physics of this process is still not fully understood. Recently, we demonstrated pronounced electronic effects in structural phase changes in rnetals induced by both electronic excitation and conventional thermal heating. The observed electronic effects in conventional heat-induced structural change, however, become clear only in a relatively long time scale (a few ps after laser excitation) when phonons become highly excited. It is fundamentally important to understand electronic effects, if any, at short time delay (within 1 ps) in heat-induced structural changes before phonons are highly excited, as discussed in this work.
Language history questionnaire: A Web-based interface for bilingual research

A Web-based interface has been developed to facilitate researchers in collecting language history information online. Most researchers use their own versions of language history questionnaires for specific studies in second language acquisition. Although these versions of questionnaires all differ from one another in some respects, there is a significant amount of overlap between them. Here we identify the crucial dimensions that most investigators consider important to include in such a questionnaire. We have examined the most commonly asked questions in 41 published questionnaires, and on the basis of our analyses we propose a general L2 language history questionnaire. Subjects can enter some or all of the information on the Web, and the results are automatically generated as an RTF output file on the user’s desktop.
Resting B Lymphocytes as APC for Naive T Lymphocytes: Dependence on CD40 Ligand/CD40

Although resting B cells as APC are tolerogenic for naive T cells in vivo, we show here that they can provide all the costimulatory signals necessary for naive T cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In the absence of an activating signal through the B cell Ag receptor, T cell proliferation after Ag recognition on resting B cells depends on CD40 expression on the B cells, implying that naive T cells use the membrane-bound cytokine, CD40 ligand (CD154), to induce the costimulatory signals that they need. Induction of B7-1 (CD80) and increased or sustained expression of CD44H, ICAM-1 (CD54), and B7-2 (CD86) are dependent on the interaction of CD40 ligand with CD40. Transient expression (12 h) of B7-2 is T cell- and peptide Ag-dependent, but CD40-independent. Only sustained (≥24 h) expression of B7-2 and perhaps increased expression of ICAM-1 could be shown to be functionally important in this system. T cells cultured with CD40-deficient B cells and peptide remain about as responsive as fresh naive cells upon secondary culture with whole splenic APC. Therefore, B cells, and perhaps other APC, may be tolerogenic not because they fail to provide sufficient costimulation for T cell proliferation, but because they are deficient in some later functions necessary for a productive T cell response.
An Objective Instrument for Assessing Hyperkinesis in Children

The background, development, and preliminary appraisal of rating scales for assessing characteristics of the hyperkinetic syndrome are presented. The main purpose of this report is to make the instrument available to other investigators who are conducting studies on the diagnosis and treatment of hyperkinesis.
LIMITS OF WEAKLY HYPERCYCLIC AND SUPERCYCLIC OPERATORS

We give a spectral characterization of the norm closure of the class of all weakly hypercyclic operators on a Hilbert space. Analogous results are obtained for weakly supercyclic operators.
The Use of Statins in Pediatrics: Knowledge Base, Limitations, and Future Directions

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, or statins, effectively reduce coronary morbidity and mortality in high-risk adults. They are also some of the most widely prescribed medications in the United States. Their use in pediatrics, however, remains circumscribed. In this article we review the cholesterol hypothesis and focus on the knowledge base of the use of statins in adults and children. We pay particular attention to the known effects of statins in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. The toxicities of statins and their limitations in pediatrics are then considered. The use of statins in conjunction with noninvasive modalities of assessing atherosclerotic burden are also reviewed. Finally, we suggest methods to advance the use of statins in childhood that introduce their potential benefits to those individuals at highest risk for future events.
Attitudes toward the Aged What We Know and Need to Know

A review of past research shows that negative stereotypes and attitudes about the aged are widespread. We need theoretically oriented research to specify what determines the stereotypes, prejudices...
Financial sector reforms and economic growth: the West African experience

Since the mid-1980s, a good number of West African countries started experimenting with policies of financial sector reforms with a view to increasing prospects for economic growth. However, the empirical evidence on the relationship between financial reforms and growth is still mixed. This study therefore assessed the extent to which economic growth has been influenced by policies of financial reforms in West Africa using panel data. In terms of relative effects, the results from this study indicate that implementing policies that raise financial reforms by 10% induce economic growth by margins of 0.5% and 0.9% in WAEMU and WAMZ countries respectively. For the overall sample of West African countries, the study shows that raising policies of financial reforms by a margin of 10% induce economic growth by approximately 0.6%. Thus, the study found that policies of financial reforms were not uniformly growth-inducing across West African countries.
The Demise of the Term Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma

Context.— Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a term that has served lung pathology well for almost a century; however, more accurate terms have recently been suggested to better characterize the various lesions that have formerly all been considered bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Objectives.— To evaluate the origin and history of the term bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and to compare the term's traditional uses with current understanding and terminology of lung lesions formerly termed bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Data Sources.— Review of the literature pertaining to bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Conclusions.— Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma has been an extremely useful term for many decades; however, it has now obtained respected obsolescence. Novel, more medically appropriate terms have been suggested for the group of lesions formerly termed bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and these newer terms should now be routinely used.
Ras CAAX Peptidomimetic FTI 276 Selectively Blocks Tumor Growth in Nude Mice of a Human Lung Carcinoma with K-Ras Mutation and p53 Deletion

Farnesylation of the oncoprotein Ras is required for its cancer-causing activity. We have designed farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI)-276, a tetrapeptide mimetic of the carboxyl terminus of K-Ras4B, as a highly potent and selective inhibitor of Ras farnesylation in vitro and in vivo. FTI-276 blocked the growth in nude mice of a human lung carcinoma that expresses the two most prevalent genetic alterations in human cancers (K-Ras oncogenic mutation and deletion in the tumor suppressor gene p53). In contrast, FTI-276 did not inhibit tumor growth of a human lung carcinoma that harbors no Ras mutations. Furthermore, FTI-276 inhibited oncogenic signaling and tumor growth of NIH 3T3 cells transformed with the ras but not the raf oncogene. Inhibition of tumor growth in vivo was dose dependent and correlated with inhibition of Ras processing in tumors in vivo. The work described here identifies FTI-276 as a highly selective suppressor of Ras-dependent oncogenicity and suggests that a broad spectrum of human cancers with aberrant Ras function could benefit from farnesyltransferase inhibitor treatment.
The role of positive flow cytometry crossmatch in late renal allograft loss

Many studies relating flow cytometery crossmatch (FCXM) results to kidney transplant outcomes have examined risk in the first 3 to 12 months. We used Organ Procurement and Transplant Network registry data for 66,594 kidney transplants from 1995 to 2007 to investigate associations of T-cell positive (T+) and T-cell negative/B-cell positive (T(-)B+) FCXM with graft failure risk early (years 0-1) and late (years >1-5) after transplant. Compared with transplants with T-cell negative/B-cell negative (T(-)B(-)) FCXM, living-donor transplants performed after T+ FCXM had significantly higher adjusted, relative risks of both early (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 1.71, p < 0.0001) and late (aHR 1.36, p = 0.017) graft loss. T(-)B+ FCXM was associated with approximately 40% higher relative risk of graft loss in the late period only. Patterns were similar for deceased-donor transplants. The risks of positive FCXM persist beyond the peritransplant period for years after transplant. Damage by memory effector cells may explain the long-term risks associated with positive FCXM.