cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Norlestrin-induced pseudopregnancy in the baboon. Effects on blood coagulation and endocrine glands during attempted production of Sheehan's syndrome.

Abstract Production of Sheehan's syndrome was attempted. As it was not possible to obtain pregnant baboons initially, pseudopregnancy was induced with norlestrin, 2.5 mg., for 3 and 4 months, respectively. Sheehan's syndrome was not produced with massive hypovolemic shock but failure to obtain true pregnancy has given serendipitous information on the long-term action of norlestrin on the pituitary and its target organs. Unusual abundance of prolactin acidophils and decrease of growth hormone acidophils was found. Further studies will be necessary to show the possible significance of these findings. As fibrin degradation products did not appear in the serum, we can make no inference about the necessity of intravascular coagulation for the production of Sheehan's phenomenon. Finally one animal became pregnant. Sheehan's phenomenon was not produced in her despite induction of intrapartum hypovolemic shock. Histologic findings in her pituitary resemble those of the pseudopregnant animals.
A New Approach to the Study of Simultaneous Unbalances [includes discussion]

A new method of studying simultaneous unbalances with the aid of a network calculator is discussed. Such unbalances may occur in power systems when faults involve more than one circuit of a double-circuit line; when the line-to-ground or line-to-line faults are accompanied by open conductors; when simultaneous faults occur at more than one location, as can result from overvoltages due to one fault causing insulation breakdown at some point removed from the original fault; and from faults which involve two or more circuits of different voltage levels, as sometimes occur when subtransmission and primary distribution circuits are carried on the same pole structures. The method enables one to include the general case of Z1?Z2, with only conventional passive network calculator impedances and 1-to-1 ratio transformers being required. No negative impedances, mutual impedances between networks, or "imaginary" turn-ratio transformers are required, even for cases involving wyedelta transformations between the unbalances. Applications to conditions of simultaneous faults and open conductors are discussed.
The AnimAl mind AT 100

To celebrate the 100th anniversary of the publication of Margaret Floy Washburn’s (1908) The Animal Mind: A Text-book of Comparative Psychology, the book is reviewed and compared to contemporary comparative texts. Although considerable advances have been made with respect to topics, methods, and findings, of course, the original text remains remarkably relevant, both as an
X-Ray Reflectivity and Surface Roughness

Since the advent of high brightness synchrotron radiation sources there has been a phenomenal growth in the use of x-rays as a probe of surface structure. The technique of x-ray reflectivity is particularly relevant to electrochemists since it is capable of probing the structure normal to an electrode surface in situ. In this paper the theoretical framework for x-ray reflectivity is reviewed and the results from previous non-electrochemistry measurements are summarized. These measurements are from the liquid/air interface (CC14), the metal crystal vacuum interface (Au(100)), and from the liquid/solid interface(liquid crystal/silicon).
Evidence of functional gender polymorphisms in a population of the hermaphroditic lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)11This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “A tribute to Sam Vander Kloet FLS: Pure and applied research from blueberries to heathland ecology”.

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) is a wild, but cultivated for profit, agricultural system grown primarily in the northeastern regions of North America. It has been suggested that a functional gender specialization may be occurring in this hermaphroditic species in which some individuals (termed clones) effectively function as bearers (high ovule production but little or nonviable pollen) or as pollen donors (low ovule number with high quantities of viable pollen). The purpose of this study was to investigate if functional gender specialization was occurring in a randomly chosen population of 56 clones from the Blueberry Hill Research Farm in Jonesboro, Maine. For each clone, the mean number of ovules and the mean number of viable microspores per flower were determined. From this, functional gender was calculated. Five out of 56 clones, or approximately 10% of clones, were found to be functioning primarily as females, owing to their low levels of viable pollen. Thus, some evidence was fou...
Mentoring young scientists (104.1)

Mentoring young scientists has taken on an increasingly important role in the past several years. Important factors related to this increased role include the alterations in financial support for biomedical sciences, changes in the job market, changing attitudes about work-life balance and others. Senior faculty members, who would traditionally play major mentorship roles, are often not particularly well prepared for the non-scientific aspects of mentoring. The majority of senior faculty members have followed a certain career trajectory (with, of course, some individual variation). However, only a small fraction of the scientists who are being trained will be following a similar trajectory. Thus, it is important for educational and research institutions to develop ways to provide career advice to students, postdocs, and junior faculty members. In a recent ASBMB survey of biochemists and molecular biologists in early stages of their careers, nearly 40% reported that they were unsatisfied or very unsatisfie...
Growth of Uronema marinum in chemically defined medium

A strain of the marine hymenostome ciliate Uronema marinum was isolated in axenic culture. This strain, designated PW2, was cultivated in a chemically defined medium containing 17 amino acids, 4 nucleotides, 5 fatty acids, stigmasterol, 8 growth factors and an artificial sea water. Increased populations were observed when either phosphatidylinositol or Tween 80 were included in the medium. The vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxal, nicotinamide, folic acid and pantothenate were required by U. marinum PW2. No requirement could be demonstrated for exogenous thioctic acid or biotin, although growth was diminished in their absence. The amino acid and nucleotide requirements were found to be higher than the levels reported for other ciliates. This strain was found to be euryhaline, with maximum growth observed in media of specific gravity 1.007, corresponding to approximately 25% sea water. Although no requirement could be demonstrated for Fe, Zn, Mn or Cu, high levels of these metals were observed to be toxic. Growth was observed over a pH range of 6.6 to 8.3, with an optimum observed near 7.3.
Sorption and oxic degradation of the explosive CL-20 during transport in subsurface sediments.

Abstract The abiotic sorption and oxic degradation processes that control the fate of the explosive CL-20, Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane, in the subsurface environment were investigated to determine the potential for vadose and groundwater contamination. Sorption of aqueous CL-20 is relatively small (Kd=0.02–3.83 cm3 g−1 for 7 sediments and 12 minerals), which results in only slight retardation relative to water movement. Thus, CL-20 could move quickly through unsaturated and saturated sediments of comparable composition to groundwater, similar to the subsurface behavior of RDX. CL-20 sorption was mainly to mineral surfaces of the sediments, and the resulting isotherm was nonlinear. CL-20 abiotically degrades in oxic environments at slow rates (i.e., 10s to 100s of hours) with a wide variety of minerals, but at fast rates (i.e., minutes) in the presence of 2:1 phyllosilicate clays (hectorite, montmorillonite, nontronite), micas (biotite, illite), and specific oxides (MnO2 and the ferrous-ferric iron oxide magnetite). High concentrations of surface ferrous iron in a dithionite reduced sediment degraded CL-20 the fastest (half-life
Subcellular distribution of biopterin in rat brain: the biochemical basis of its stability

Rat brain biopterin, the hydroxylase cofactor, was observed to distribute equally across regional subcellular fractions, rather than to codistribute neuronally with tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases for which it functions. Over a 24 h period with light/dark phasing, which some groups have shown to result in cycling of biopterin levels in striate and certain other regions, only the biopterin associated with the crude nuclear fraction of the striate (not associated with neurotransmitter synthesis) demonstrated a diurnal cycle. The selectivity of this perturbation response to the striate nuclear fraction suggests that (1) multiple subcellular loci of biopterin might exist independently in rat brain neurons and (2) the pterin's availability for neurotransmitter biosynthesis is limited beyond its apparent regional concentration. The demonstration of multiple independent sources of neuronal biopterin may be relevant to understanding why regional levels have been so resistant to efforts at pharmacological manipulation (only amphetamine and CRF have changed striate biopterin levels). It also shows that changes in regional hydroxylase cofactor levels may not be related to neurotransmitter synthesis, but instead may result from another presently unknown demand for the cofactor at a disparate neuronal site.
SPEED LIMITS FOR ARTIFICIAL RIBONUCLEASES

There are four major catalytic roles for natural and artificial nucleases that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of RNA. For metal ion complexes that act as artificial nucleases, the most important role is the stabilization of the phosphorane-like transition state. In keeping with this role the best catalysts, including Ln(III) complexes and dinuclear Zn(II) complexes, interact strongly with dianionic phosphate esters as crude transition state models. Two other catalytic modes, alignment of the hydroxyl nucleophile for in-line attack and activation of the 2′-hydroxyl, are not important for metal ion catalyzed cleavage of simple RNA analogs. This may impose a speed limit for metal ion catalysis, although additional catalytic roles may be operative in the cleavage of structured RNA.
Middle ear dimensions in congenital aural atresia and hearing outcomes after atresiaplasty.

Objective To determine if middle ear dimensions in congenital aural atresia (CAA) patients can predict early postoperative audiometric outcomes in order to establish specific parameters that facilitate stratification of surgical candidates. Study design Retrospective case review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Twenty-five patients with CAA (28 atretic ears and 22 nonatretic ears) and 12 controls (24 ears). Intervention Primary repair of congenital aural atresia. Main outcome measures Measure and compare middle ear dimensions in controls, atretic ears, and nonatretic ears in unilateral CAA. Determine correlations between the dimensions and best speech reception threshold during the first postoperative year (SRT-1). Results The epitympanic depth, medial canal diameter, and the mesotympanic height, area, and estimated volume measurements in atretic ears differ significantly with those in control ears. The mesotympanic length, area, and estimated volume measurements each correlate significantly with SRT-1. Atretic ears with a mesotympanic volume estimate measurement greater than or equal to 42 mm3 are 24 times more likely to have an SRT-1 of 25 dB or better than those measuring less than 42 mm3 (odds ratio = 24.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.826-212.4; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0022). Conclusion Middle ear measurements in appropriately selected patients may help predict successful early hearing outcomes after atresiaplasty, thus offering a valuable tool for the surgical decision-making process.
Mechanism and regiochemistry of azametallacyclobutene formation from imidozirconocene complexes and alkynes

Abstract This paper reports kinetic and regiochemistry studies that bear on the mechanism of overall [2 + 2] cycloaddition of alkynes with the imidozirconium complexes Cp 2 (L)Zr=NR (1; R =2,6- Me 2 C 6 H 3 or t -Bu; L = 4- tert -butylpyridine or OPPh 3 ) to give heterometallacycles of type 2 (Scheme I). The kinetics are consistent with a dissociative mechanism (Path A in Scheme I) in which a rapid equilibrium involving reversible loss of a dative ligand (L) and generation of the transient intemediate Cp 2 Zr=NR is followed by reaction of this intermediate with the alkyne. Measurement of the relative rates of reaction of Cp 2 Zr=NR with 3-hexyne and di- p -tolylacetylene, and studies of the cycloaddition regioselectivity observed with unsymmetrically p -substituted diarylacetylenes, provided information about steric and electronic effects on the cycloaddition. These experiments support a conclusion that the reaction of the intermediate imido complex with alkynes proceeds via a four-center transition state having little charge separation. Under thermodynamic conditions, product distributions appear to be influenced predominantly by the ability of the group on the α-carbon to stabilize the metallacycle 2 by delocalization of partial negative charge.
A multi-sensor approach for assessing the impacts of ultraviolet-absorbing aerosols on top of atmosphere radiative fluxes

One year (June 2006-May 2007) of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) top of atmosphere (TOA) shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes are used with Ozone Monitoring Instrument-Aerosol Index (OMI-AI) data to assess the direct radiative effects of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing aerosols. We show that TOA SW aerosol radiative effects from UV-absorbing aerosols alone are almost double that compared to when considering all aerosols. These aerosols account for nearly all of the seasonal variation in direct SW radiative effect (SWRE) over the oceans and a significant portion of that over land. Overall, TOA clear-sky SWREs over ocean and land surfaces were estimated to be -4.3 and -4.9 W m-2, respectively, with both values being in line with previous estimates. When only regions where UV-absorbing aerosols are considered, the SWRE over the ocean becomes more negative between March and August, when the concentration of dust aerosols in the North Atlantic is greatest. Larger concentrations of UV-absorbing aerosols generally exist over land surfaces, increasing the OMI-AI to 0.54 compared to 0.20 over ocean, increasing SW cooling estimates over land. The SWRE also varies as a function of land-surface type and surface albedo. The lowest concentration of absorbing aerosols and therefore the least SW cooling occurs over forests, with the OMI-AI = 0.36 and the non-bias-adjusted SWRE = -1.45 W m-2. Over other surfaces, the concentrations of absorbing aerosols are greater (AI > 0.5), thereby increasing the SWRE to between -2 and -3 W m-2. However, as surface brightness increases, the correlation between the AI and the SWRE decreases, and it becomes more difficult to attribute the SWRE estimates to absorbing aerosol concentrations. In particular, the SWRE estimates over bare-soil regions were found to be negative, but completely uncorrelated with the OMI-AI. We concluded that the uncertainty of the SWRE estimates increases as a function of increasing albedo. The TOA radiative effects of absorbing aerosols to longwave radiation (LWREs) are also examined over North Africa and the North Atlantic, where substantial concentrations of elevated dust aerosols exist. LW warming was found to offset SW cooling over the ocean 20-30% during the spring and summer months. Even greater LW warming was found over land in North Africa and South Asia, with a mean value of +3.8 W m-2 between March and August, representing an increase of over 100% compared to the other seasons. Our analysis indicates that the OMI provides complementary information to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for studying aerosol radiative effects.
Structural brain alterations in schizophrenia following fetal exposure to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8

Background Maternal infection during pregnancy has been repeatedly associated with increased risk for schizophrenia. Nevertheless, most viruses do not cross the placenta; therefore, the damaging effects to the fetus appear to be related to maternal antiviral responses to infection (e.g. proinflammatory cytokines). Fetal exposure to the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been significantly associated with risk of schizophrenia in offspring. This study sought to determine the association between fetal exposure to IL-8 and structural brain changes among schizophrenia cases and controls.
Jugular plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α in prepubertal beef heifers treated with progestogen then challenged with oxytocin

Prepubertal Angus crossbred heifers (n=24) between 8 and 10 mo of age were used to determine if progestogen treatment would enhance jugular concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) after oxytocin (OT) injections. Heifers were stratified by age and weight and allotted to randomized treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Heifers were treated with either a norgestomet (NOR) implant (6 mg) for 9 d or no implant (0 mg; BLK). On d 8 of NOR treatment, jugular veins were catheterized and, on d 9, blood samples were collected every 15 min for 165 min. The first four samples were used to determine basal PGFM concentrations (an indirect measure of uterine PGF2α release). After collection of the fourth sample, either OT (100 IU) or saline (0 IU; SAL) was injected via the jugular catheter. After the 165-min sample was collected, NOR implants were removed. Beginning 48 h after implant removal, a second 165- min blood sampling period was initiated. Average progesterone concentrations were less than 1 ng/ml during both bleeding periods. Within treatment, PGFM concentrations were similar between the first and second sampling periods; therefore, data within treatment were combined. Basal PGFM concentrations were higher (P<.01) in NOR-treated than in BLK heifers. Oxytocin did not increase PGFM concentrations in BLK-OT heifers; however, a marked increase in PGFM was detected in the NOR-OT heifers in response to oxytocin. Average PGFM concentration was greatest (P<.0001) in NOR-OT heifers, and PGFM profiles differed (P<.0001) between NOR-OT and each of the other treatment groups. Results from this study indicate that NOR increases basal PGFM and may “condition” the uterus to respond to OT in prepubertal heifers.
Assessing the Violence Profile Studies of Gerbner and Gross A Humanistic Critique and Suggestion

By defining television as an "environment of symbols," Gerbner and Gross raise questions that are congenial to and problematic for humanistic study. A difficulty arises when the "environment of symbols" must be interpreted. In their interpretation TV becomes a world "ruled" by violence. Other content factors must be interpreted in terms of this dominant symbol. More serious problems emerge when audience responses are interpreted in terms of these prior interpretations. The difficulties are caused in part by the use of a "transportation" model of communication in spite of a rhetoric that reflects a "ritual" model. Application of a ritual model to the world of TV content would require the location of television's symbols in a culture's history of symbolic construct, definition of the reorganization of these symbols in TV content, and careful analysis of how meanings are appropri ated by audiences.
Suturing principles in dentoalveolar surgery

One of the most important aspects of dentoalveolar surgery is adequate closure of the surgical wound. To ensure proper healing, there must be proper positioning of the soft tissues closest to their original position in a stable fashion, with the least amount of tension. Closure in this fashion decreases fibrous scarring, decreases the risk for infection, provides enhanced cosmesis, and facilitates hemostasis. The variety of suture material available is expansive, and many companies manufacture sutures with seemingly unlimited sizes, needle designs, and materials. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have traditionally selected sutures on the basis of materials that were available during residency training. A decision made in this manner, however, may overlook the distinct physical properties of a given suture or its effect on the surrounding tissues. This chapter focuses on the physical properties of suture materials and their tissue reactivity, and it reviews various suturing techniques used in contemporary dentoalveolar surgery.
URINARY COPROPORPHYRIN EXCRETION IN CHILDHOOD ACUTE LEUKEMIA.

Summary One hundred and two of two hundred thirty-two 24 hour urine specimens from 35 children with acute leukemia contained increased coproporphyrin. Sixteen of 20 analyses of urine from patients with extreme leukemia involvement were elevated, while 32 of 80 determinations from patients in complete remission were elevated. No correlation could be established between the amount of coproporphyrin excreted and the extent of leukemia, other than for those with extreme disease. No correlation could be established with hemoglobin, white count, or type of chemotherapy. Possible explanations for the increased coproporphyrin excretion are discussed.
Longevity of parents and grandparents in relation to coronary heart disease and associated variables.

This paper is based upon an analysis of data from a prospective epidemiological study in which a large number of men and women were traced for six years after they answered a detailed questionnaire. The subjects were divided into seven groups according to the longevity of their parents and grandparents. Death rates from coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, and stroke were found to be considerably higher among subjects with short-lived parents than among subjects with long-lived parents. This was found to be the case for coronary heart disease among men without a history of high blood pressure or diabetes, who were not seriously overweight, who took some exersise, and who never smoked cigarettes regularly.
COGNITIVE STYLE AND THE OLDER LEARNER

Cognitive style is an attempt to understand behavior based on the characteristic modes of perceptual and intellectual functioning. Of the several conceptualizations of cognitive style, field‐dependence‐independence is used to develop categories of teachers and learners. Because older persons tend to have a dependent cognitive style, both theory and research indicate that group‐oriented approaches incorporating discussion, informality, supportiveness, and emphasizing humanistic‐social science content are likely to produce the most effective learning. Although most instruction of older persons is already oriented in this direction, research on cognitive style indicates a theoretical approach to designing more effective teaching and learning for this group.
Metaphor instruction in the L2 Spanish classroom: theoretical argument and pedagogical program

In this article we argue that figurative language, specifically realized as metaphor, must become an essential aspect of any pedagogical program. The ability to understand and produce appropriate metaphors in a second language can no longer remain on the margins of linguistic proficiency; on the contrary, without such ability a speaker cannot effectively express him or herself or comprehend fully what a native interlocutor may be intending to communicate. That is, to genuinely achieve an advanced level of proficiency it is necessary that a speaker develop a metaphorical capacity in the second language. We begin the article with a discussion of the theory of metaphor proposed by Lakoff and his colleagues. We explain the principal concepts of the theory that we believe to be relevant to second-language pedagogy. We then present some examples of materials from a pedagogical program that we have developed to teach metaphors that commu-nicate emotions and that use colors, animals and sports as source domains. ...
Sustainable Manufacturing: Metrics, Standards, and Infrastructure - Workshop summary

This report summarizes the presentations, discussions, and recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Workshop “Sustainable Manufacturing: Metrics, Standards, and Infrastructure” held at NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, October 13 through October 15, 2009. The primary objective of this Workshop was to bring together experts and various stakeholders to identify and discuss measurement and standards enablers that positively affect the social, economic, environmental, and technological aspects of designing sustainable production processes and products. The Workshop was well attended and consisted of thirty presentations organized under five sessions: 1) Government Initiatives; 2) Industry Perspectives; 3) University Research; 4) Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) research; and 5) Solution Provider's Views. Two breakout sessions and an industry panel provided a set of recommendations for addressing critical issues in sustainable manufacturing.
Philosophical commitments, empirical evidence, and theoretical psychology

The philosophical or theoretical commitments informing psychological research are sometimes characterized, even by theoretical psychologists themselves, as nonempirical, outside the bounds of metho...
A study of specificities of antinuclear antibodies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

The sera from 77 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were studied for the presence of antinuclearantibodies, rheumatoid factor, and for antibodies to seven well-characterized nuclear antigens which occur in specific rheumatic diseases of adults. These included: Sm, RNP, DNA, RNA, RAP, SS-A, and SS-B. Forty-nine percent of the sera from patients with JRA contained ANA. The most common pattern was speckled. The frequency of all other positive tests was too low (13%) to make correlations with disease states. However, a small group of girls with polyarticular and late-onset disease had a high incidence of RF or RAP. These two antibodies were not associated with each other as they are in adult RA.
Comparative content analysis of food and nutrition advertisements in Ebony, Essence, and Ladies' Home Journal

This study investigated the frequencies and forms of food, beverage, and nutrition advertisements (N = 3319) and their associated health-promotional messages in three U.S. consumer magazines during two 3-year periods: 1980–1992 and 1990–1992. Advertisements in Ebony and Essence, the readerships of which were primarily African-American, were compared with those in Ladies' Home Journal (LHJ), with a primarily non-African-American readership. Results indicated statistically significant differences among the three magazines in both frequencies and types of major promotional messages in the advertisements. Ebony and Essence, for example, had almost no ads on milk and dairy products or on vegetables and fruits. Both magazines had the highest frequencies of ads on alcoholic beverages. However, the number of ads on alcoholic beverages dropped significantly (p < 001) in 1990–1992 from the 1980–1982 value. LHJ had its lowest number of advertisements on alcoholic beverages. These results suggested the need for sensitivity of the advertising, food, and nutrition industries to the health risks of consumers. The implications of the findings for the health risks of African-Americans were discussed.
Time-dependent nodal integral methods in natural convection near a fluid density maximum

Time-dependent nodal integral methods were extended to natural convection near a fluid density maximum (inversion layer). An investigation of convection in a rectangular cavity as a function of tilt angle, aspect ratio, and other parameters was performed at low Rayleigh Number (Ra) using the low-order nodal integral methodologies. Bifurcation of the solution into flow and no-flow regimes was examined as a function of Ra and the dimensionless position (R) of the wall temperatures with respect to the extremum temperature. The first critical bifurcation point, Ra*, was shown to be a function of R as well as of angle of tilt and aspect ratio.
Anticipating Artistic Behavior

The author applies David Galenson's work on the life cycles of modern artists to the study of the paintings of old masters, from about the early fifteenth to the late seventeenth centuries. Both the potential use of technical examination of paintings and the role of drawings for preconceiving compositions are explored as means for interpreting artistic behavior among pre-modern artists. Using a study of illustrations in texts to establish a list of canonical painters and the relative dates in which they are believed to have contributed their most important paintings, the author then analyzes a series of old master painters' working methods, demonstrating how their creative behavior corresponds to what their respective life cycles would suggest. Thus, the study of artists' life cycles could anticipate the use of optical and other mechanical devices for the production of premodern paintings based on such studies.
Numerical estimates for a Grötzsch ring constant

Numerical lower and upper estimates are obtained for the constant λn defined by λn =lim a→0(modR G,n (a)+loga) associated with the Grotzsch extremal ringR G,n (a) in euclideann-space, for 3≤n≤22. Improved lower estimates in terms ofn are provided for λn, the modulus ofR G,n (a) is compared with its counterpart in the plane, and bounds for modR G,n (a) are obtained that are of the correct order asa tends either to 0 or to 1. The ratio of the latter bounds is bounded by constants depending only onn.
Nonbursal lymphomas induced by nondefective reticuloendotheliosis virus.

Summary In previous studies we described bursal lymphomas similar to those of lymphoid leukosis in line 15x7 chickens inoculated with nondefective reticuloendotheliosis (RE) virus. A different type of neoplastic disease syndrome induced by nondefective RE virus is described in the present study. The tumours were characterised as lymphomas and most commonly involved the thymus, heart, liver, and spleen; the bursa invariably appeared normal or atrophied. Mortality from nonbursal lymphomas occurred as early as 6 weeks post‐inoculation and was as high as 66%. The frequency of nonbursal lymphomas was markedly influenced both by the strain of RE virus and the line of chicken. Maximum tumour induction occurred in line 63 or line 0 chickens inoculated with RE viral strains SN or DIA. Histologically, the tumours were composed of a homogenous population of immature lymphoreticular cells. The tumours were often accompanied by enlarged peripheral nerves which were infiltrated with large, irregular cells with abundant...
Effects of SQ 22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, on isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP elevation and relaxation in newborn ovine pulmonary veins.

The effects of inhibition of adenylyl cyclase on isoproterenol-induced relaxation were determined in isolated pulmonary veins of newborn lambs (7-12 days old). In veins constricted with endothelin-1, isoproterenol at concentrations or = 10(-8) M), isoproterenol elevated cAMP content and caused further relaxation. In veins constricted with endothelin-1 or U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-11, 9-epoxymethanoprostaglandin prostaglandin F2alpha), the cAMP elevation but not relaxation caused by isoproterenol was abolished by SQ 22536 [9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine; an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor]. The effects of isoproterenol on vessel tension and cAMP content were inhibited by propranolol. Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS [8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer] and Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS [beta-phenyl-1, N2-etheno-8-bromoguanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer], inhibitors of cAMP- and guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases, respectively, attenuated relaxation caused by a cAMP analog but not that by isoproterenol. In the crude membrane preparations of pulmonary veins, an increase in the activity of adenylyl cyclase caused by isoproterenol was abolished by propranolol and SQ 22536. These results suggest that cAMP may not play a critical role in isoproterenol-induced relaxation of pulmonary veins of newborn lambs.
Ingredients for effective community change: Some field observations

Described a project that initially failed and was later resurrected to highlight important processes and impediments to community change. A local ad hoc citizens group advocated a plan to base the allocation of human service dollars on information about community needs. Political opposition led to the plan's abandonment; but as the community changed over the years, the project was reactivated. The ability of local communities to work toward solving citizen needs is discussed in terms of the availability of local resources, the importance of developing citizen constituency groups, and the power of human service professionals to influence local decision-making agendas. Why on earth would anyone want to study local politics in this day and age? After all, we are living in an era in which local communities control their own destiny less and less. The crucial decisions that affect the lives of their citizens are made by outside actors-large corporations and public authorities of various sorts. What happens in the local arena is less and less important. Why concentrate one's attention on this arena where there is so little of the action? Gamson, 1979
Global river runoff calculated from a global atmospheric general circulation model.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show that an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) can be used to calculate runoff for the world's major rivers, that river runoff provides an important diagnostic for climate modelers, and that the model runoff provides useful information for hydrologists. The global atmospheric model of Hansen et al. has been used to calculate the annual river runoff for the world's major rivers. The model has a horizontal resolution of 4° × 5°, but the runoff from each grid box within a particular river's drainage basin is summed on a resolution of 2° × 2.5° to obtain the runoff at the river mouth. The mean annual runoff is calculated and compared with observations for 33 of the world's largest rivers. The runoff depends on the model's precipitation and parameterizations of groundwater storage and evapotranspiration, which are affected by soil type and vegetation.
Biosynthesis and metabolism of gramine in Lupinus hartwegii

Abstract The administration of l -tryptophan-[3- 14 C] to Lupinus hartwegii (3-day-old seedlings and 8-week-old plants) resulted in the formation of gramine-[ methylene - 14 C], indicating that gramine is produced by the same biosynthetic route in this species as in barley. Radioactive indole-3-aldehyde, labelled specifically on its aldehyde carbon, was isolated from the 8-week-old plants. However no significant amount of this compound was detected in 7-day-old seedlings, and it is suggested that indole-3-aldehyde is formed by the metabolism of gramine in the maturing plant.
Guides for natural facial appearance as related to complete denture construction.

Abstract There is no foolproof formula for achieving success in the appearance phase of complete denture construction (Fig. 10). Each member of the team, the dentist and the dental laboratory technician, must be willing to become involved and do his part. Guides for the dental laboratory technician are emphasized. These will allow him to better fulfill his responsibility to the artistic phase of prosthodontics.
Enhancement of morphine-induced analgesia after repeated injections of methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Abstract Repeated administration of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) to rats results in long-term depletion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in several brain regions. Because of the apparent role of 5-HT in morphine-induced antinociception, the present experiment was designed to determine the effects of repeated MDMA injections on morphine-induced analgesia. Rats (n = 48) received 8 s.c. injections (one every 12 h for 4 days) of MDMA (20 mg/kg) or saline (1.0 ml/kg). Two weeks after the last injection, the groups were divided into 4 subgroups that received either saline, or morphine 2.5, 3.55 or 5.0 mg/kg (s.c.). Nociception was assayed before and after saline or morphine administration by the method of tail immersion in warm water (55 °C). The day after analgesia testing, the animals were sacrifices, brains and spinal cords removed and 5-HT, norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels in various brain and spinal cord regions were assayed. The analgesic effect of morphine was enhanced in rats that had received repeated MDMA injections. MDMA selectively depleted 5-HT in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, brainstem and in the cervical portion of spinal cord. However, 5-HT levels were not changed in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. Thus, a functional consequence of repeated MDMA administration in rats was to enhance morphine-induced antinociception in association with reductions in brain and cervical spinal cord 5-HT. The fact that MDMA did not deplete 5-HT at lower spinal levels suggests that its neurotoxic action has an anatomical selectivity and may explain why morphine-mediated analgesia was not reduced as has been found with other depletors of 5-HT.
Cytochalasin B-induced multinucleation of human tumor and normal cell cultures

Abstract Twelve human cell cultures derived from tumors, normal tissues, and derivative cultures transformed by either a RNA tumor virus or chemical carcinogen were examined for their response to cytochalasin B (CB) and the expression of this marker was correlated with growth in soft agar and saturation density in monolayer culture. Cell lines derived from carcinoma of the bladder (T24 and RT4), kidney (Caki-1), prostate (DU 145), and breast (MCF-7) multinucleated when grown in CB-supplemented medium, whereas cell cultures derived from benign bladder epithelium (HCV-29), and normal kidney (Flow 4000) and skin (GM10) remained binucleate under comparable conditions. Human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus (MSV) or a chemical carcinogen extensively multinucleated in response to CB treatment, relative to a morphological revertant of MSV-transformed HOS and parental HOS cells. CB-induced multinucleation was consistently correlated with the ability of cells to form colonies in soft agar but inconsistently correlated with growth to high saturation densities. These results demonstrate a differential response to CB by normal and transformed human cells and that CB-induced multinucleation provides a convenient and useful in vitro marker for neoplastic transformation.
Calculation of attenuated-total-reflection spectra of surface magnetoplasmons on semiconductors

The three-layer system consisting of coupling prism, gap, and sample has been studied in an external magnetic field to calculate the attenuated-total-reflection spectrum due to surface plasmons. The sample is taken to be a nonpolar or polar semiconductor with free carriers, which becomes an anisotropic dielectric medium when the magnetic field is applied. Dispersion curves for the surface-polariton modes are discussed. Computed reflection spectra are shown for two of the three magnetic-field geometries considered. Computed results are compared with experimental results.
Suppression of a yeast amber mutation in Escherichia coli.

THE complementation of Escherichia coli auxotrophs by cloned eukaryotic genes1–4 makes it possible to use standard bacterial genetic techniques to study these eukaryotic genes. Here, we describe the cloning of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) gene with an amber suppressible allele. Reversion and suppression properties of this allele are examined in growing E. coli cells.
PREPARATION OF HYDROTHERMALLY TREATED LRC/WATER FUEL SLURRIES

The hot-water coal drying process is a means of thermally beneficiating and dewatering lignite and subbituminous coal for the purpose of preparing dense low-rank coal/water fuel. In hot-water coal drying, which is a form of hydrothermal treatment, low-rank coal in a water slurry is treated at elevated temperatures of 513 to 623 K and at pressures in excess of the equivalent saturated steam pressures lo minimize vaporization of the water. This produces a coal product which contains less than one-third the inherent moisture of the raw coal and which is resistant to moisture reabsorption. The hydrothermally treated coal/water slurry resulting from the process can be concentrated by mechanical means (centrifuge, pressure filter)to form a pumpable coal/water fuel with greater than 60 weight percent bone-dry solids content and with an energy content greater than 15·4 MJ/Kg (6600 Btu/lb). Hydrothermal treatment also beneficiates the coal by reducing oxygen and minerals. Over 94 percent of the energy content of ...
Presence of Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Co2+ Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized through Shape Transformation

New approach for synthesis of Co2+ doped TiO2 nanoparticles showing room temperature ferromagnetic behavior, through shape transformation of hydrothermally treated scrolled titania nanotubes in the presence of Co2+ ions is described. The XRD and ICP measurements demonstrated successful incorporation of 0.46 at. % Co2+ ions in preserved anatase crystal structure of TiO2 nanoparticles, without presence of Co-oxide clustering, metallic Co, or various Co-Ti oxide species. HRTEM measurements revealed that majority of the nanoparticles have polygonal shapes with average dimension of ∼ 6−10 nm. Obtained value of 3.06 eV for band gap energy of Co2+ doped TiO2 nanoparticles explained altered optical properties of TiO2 matrix and indicates narrowing of the electronic properties in respect to the undoped anatase TiO2 nanomaterials. The Co2+ doped TiO2 nanocrystals enabled synthesis of optically transparent film that shows room temperature ferromagnetic ordering with a saturation magnetic moment of 0.25 μB per Co ato...
Active rheumatic carditis in patients over 40 years of age.

Abstract 1. 1. Thirty-four case records of histologically active rheumatic heart disease in patients over 40 years of age were studied. 2. 2. The histologic manifestations of rheumatic activity in these patients were compared with the clinical histories. Contrary to our expectations, this study did not result in a good clinicopathologic correlation (Table II). Only in our arbitrary Group I was clinicohistologic correlation satisfactory. 3. 3. Three groups of patients have been described as to their clinical manifestations. In general, their counterpart can be found in the younger age groups. 4. 4. It is suggested that the occurrence of active rheumatic carditis in older patients should be considered more frequently so that the clinical diagnosis will be made more often. Unexplained fever and unusual responses to digitalis may be clues to this end.
Piezo-Galvanomagnetic Effects in Bismuth

The electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient in single crystals of bismuth have been measured as a function of uniaxial stress along the trigonal axis at 4.2, 77, and 295\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Values of elastoresistance and elasto-Hall coefficients have been calculated by combining the results of the present experiment with our earlier measurements of the pressure dependence of the galvanomagnetic effects. The data are analyzed in terms of a model consisting of a conduction band overlapping a valence band. The deformation potential components defining the strain dependence of the overlap energy (${E}_{0}=0.03$ eV) are evaluated to be ${E}_{1}=\ensuremath{-}2.7$ eV and ${E}_{2}=+2.8$ eV.
Chloroquine Improves Survival and Hematopoietic Recovery After Lethal Low-Dose-Rate Radiation

Purpose We have previously shown that the antimalarial agent chloroquine can abrogate the lethal cellular effects of low-dose-rate (LDR) radiation in vitro, most likely by activating the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein. Here, we demonstrate that chloroquine treatment also protects against lethal doses of LDR radiation in vivo . Methods and Materials C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with a total of 12.8 Gy delivered at 9.4 cGy/hour. ATM null mice from the same background were used to determine the influence of ATM. Chloroquine was administered by two intraperitoneal injections of 59.4 μg per 17 g of body weight, 24 hours and 4 hours before irradiation. Bone marrow cells isolated from tibia, fibula, and vertebral bones were transplanted into lethally irradiated CD45 congenic recipient mice by retroorbital injection. Chimerism was assessed by flow cytometry. In vitro methylcellulose colony-forming assay of whole bone marrow cells and fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis of lineage depleted cells were used to assess the effect of chloroquine on progenitor cells. Results Mice pretreated with chloroquine before radiation exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than did mice treated with radiation alone (80% vs. 31%, p = 0.0026). Chloroquine administration before radiation did not affect the survival of ATM null mice ( p = 0.86). Chloroquine also had a significant effect on the early engraftment of bone marrow cells from the irradiated donor mice 6 weeks after transplantation (4.2% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.015). Conclusion Chloroquine administration before radiation had a significant effect on the survival of normal but not ATM null mice, strongly suggesting that the in vivo effect, like the in vitro effect, is also ATM dependent. Chloroquine improved the early engraftment of bone marrow cells from LDR-irradiated mice, presumably by protecting the progenitor cells from radiation injury. Chloroquine thus could serve as a very useful drug for protection against the harmful effects of LDR radiation.
Nature of the Beam-Beam Limit in Storage Rings

The experimental results relating to the beam-beam interaction in electron storage rings and the ISR (p-p collisions) are considered. The question of whether or not stochasticity is implied by these results is discussed. It is argued that all the available evidence on the beam-beam limit is not inconsistent within an isolated resonance framework. A model which qualitatively fits the observations, one which is derived from classical resonance theory, is proposed.
Rhythmic Differences in the Basipetal Movement of Indoleacetic Acid between Separated Upper and Lower Halves of Geotropically Stimulated Corn Coleoptiles

Rhythmic fluctuation in the basipetal movement of auxin occurs in corn ( Zea mays ) coleoptiles oriented either in the vertical or in the horizontal position. This periodicity of transport rate varies from region to region in a horizontal coleoptile. Between an upper and lower half coleoptile (with respect to gravity), the comparable regions in the coleoptile do not exhibit similar periods. The velocity of transport also varies from region to region along a geostimulated coleoptile. In the upper half coleoptile, the velocities are 29 millimeters per hour (tip), 8 millimeters per hour (mid), and 30 millimeters per hour (base); in the lower, 41 millimeters per hour (tip), 12 millimeters per hour (mid) and 12 millimeters per hour (base). During the first 24 minutes of transport, there is a reduction of basipetal movement of 14 C-indoleacetic acid in the lower half coleoptile. This may be causally related to the initial downward geotropic curvature in oat and corn coleoptiles reported by others. However, about 30 minutes after donor removal a significant reduction of basipetal transport of indoleacetic acid occurs in the upper half coleoptiles.
NMR dispersive mode resonance of 55Mn in polycrystalline KMnO4

Abstract The quadrupole coupling constant and the electric field gradient asymmetry parameter η were determined directly from the satellites of the dispersive mode NMR lineshape for the 55Mn resonance in polycrystalline KMnO4 and are found to be 1.568 ± 0.015 MHz and 0.121 ± 0.001, respectively.