cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of a Standardized Video-Taped Interview (Svti) with Emotionally Disturbed Boys

2 groups of emotionally disturbed boys were interviewed via a standardized video-tape interview. Both groups responded to the procedure, and the younger group was clearly more verbal during the interview. The group differences may be attributable to age and/or severity of disturbance.
Comparison of Lower and Middle Cretaceous Palynostratigraphic Zonations in the Western North Atlantic

Abstract Cretaceous palynomorph zonations, based respectively on the stratigraphy of dinoflagellate cysts and sporomorphs, are presented for six Deep Sea Drilling Project sites in the western North Atlantic. Eight dinoflagellate zones and four sporomorph zones are described from the reference section at site 105, which ranges in age from Berriasian (core 30) to Cenomanian (core 9). Published nannofossil and planktonic foraminifera studies of site 105 permit the direct comparison of part of the palynomorphic zonations with a published geochronological scale. The sporomorph zonation is compared with that published for the largely nonmarine Lower Cretaceous facies of the adjacent U. S. Atlantic coastal plain.
Rehabilitation and Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Young Athlete

Rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction in the young adult is focused on preparing the patient to return to pre-injury levels of activity while minimizing the risk of future ACL injury. Current evidence suggests low return to sport rates (Br J Sports Med. 48(21):1543–1552, 2014) and high second ACL injury rates (Am J Sports Med. 42(7):1567–1573, 2014) in this population. Successful rehabilitation of the pediatric patient after ACL reconstruction is focused on addressing common impairments seen after surgery while focusing on the unique needs of the child. The following chapter will focus on presenting these unique factors necessary to consider when successfully rehabilitating this population.
Detection and Sourcing of Gluten in Grain with Multiple Floating-Gate Transistor Biosensors

We report a chemically tunable electronic sensor for quantitation of gluten based on a floating-gate transistor (FGT) architecture. The FGTs are fabricated in parallel and each one is functionalized with a different chemical moiety designed to preferentially bind a specific grain source of gluten. The resulting set of FGT sensors can detect both wheat and barley gluten below the gluten-free limit of 20 ppm (w/w) while providing a source-dependent signature for improved accuracy. This label-free transduction method does not require any secondary binding events, resulting in a ca. 45 min reduction in analysis time relative to state-of-the-art ELISA kits with a simple and easily implemented workflow.
Three-dimensional organoid culture reveals involvement of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in proliferation of bladder cancer cells

There has been increasing awareness of the importance of three-dimensional culture of cancer cells. Tumor cells growing as multicellular spheroids in three-dimensional culture, alternatively called organoids, are widely believed to more closely mimic solid tumors in situ. Previous studies concluded that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for regeneration of the normal urothelium after injury and that β-catenin is upregulated in human bladder cancers, but no clear evidence has been advanced to support the idea that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is directly involved in deregulated proliferation and the other malignant characteristics of bladder cancer cells. Here we report that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activator, CHIR99021, promoted proliferation of established human bladder cancer cell lines when they were grown in organoid culture but not when they were grown in conventional adherent cultures. CHIR99021 activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in bladder cancer cell lines in organoid culture. CHIR99021 also stimulated proliferation and the Wnt/b-catenin pathway in primary human bladder cancer organoids. RNAi-mediated knockdown of β-catenin blocked growth of organoids. The effects of CHIR99021 were associated with decreased expression of the urothelial terminal differentiation marker, cytokeratin 20. Our data suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for the proliferation of bladder cancer cells in three-dimensional organoid culture and provide a concrete example of why organoid culture is important for cancer research.
Sports Events and Facilities

American college and university athletic teams play home and away games in such venues as baseball ballparks, basketball arenas, and football stadiums. These sites are on or near their campus, or at campuses of other schools. For a number of intercollegiate sports, competition between teams includes games scheduled during regular seasons and then—if qualified—in postseason playoffs, series, and tournaments. Because they are exciting, popular, and unique, and truly entertain sports fans and other groups in communities of the United States (U.S.), some of these events generate publicity and revenue for schools and their athletic conferences. Others who benefit are the companies and local governments that own sports facilities, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA ), various businesses, and civic organizations.
A chopper-stabilized source follower coupling based low-pass filter with noise reduction

A highly compact source follower coupling based low-pass filter (LPF) topology is proposed that synthesizes a 3rd-order low-pass transfer function in a single stage with no use of operational amplifiers. Chopper stabilization technique is utilized to reduce 1/f noise for minimizing the in-band integrated noise. Implemented and simulated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process, the 3rd-order LPF achieves a − 3 dB bandwidth of 20 MHz with a 280 μA total current from a 1.4 V supply voltage, defining a power-per-pole/bandwidth efficiency of 6.5 μW/MHz. The output noise density at low frequencies is largely reduced with chopper stabilization technique. The integrated output noise from 10 kHz to 2 MHz is minimized from 22.47 to 7.04 μVrms, with a 10.1 dB improvement. The averaged output noise density over the filter bandwidth is 9.4 nV/√Hz, which is mostly contributed by thermal noise of transistors.
Student-centered, modernized graduate STEM education

The U.S. graduate education system for science technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is widely regarded as among the best in the world. However, evolution in the structure and functioning of the U.S. graduate education system is lagging ongoing changes in the broader scientific enterprise, in the requirements of employers, in the demographics of the student population, and, particularly, in their career ambitions. In response to these disconnects, the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) recently released a report ( 1 ) that lays out a vision of an ideal modern graduate education in any STEM field and a comprehensive plan to achieve that vision. The report emphasizes core competencies that all students should acquire, a rebalancing of incentives to better reward faculty teaching and mentoring of students, increased empowerment of graduate students, and the need for the system to better monitor and adapt to changing conditions over time. Although these issues have been raised in the past, and some institutions have taken positive steps, graduate students are still too often seen as being primarily sources of inexpensive skilled labor for teaching undergraduates and for performing research. Graduate students should demand the kind of education outlined in the report.
Quantum Transfiguration of Kruskal Black Holes

We present a new effective description of macroscopic Kruskal black holes that incorporates corrections due to quantum geometry effects of loop quantum gravity. It encompasses both the "interior" region that contains classical singularities and the "exterior" asymptotic region. Singularities are naturally resolved by the quantum geometry effects of loop quantum gravity, and the resulting quantum extension of the full Kruskal space-time is free of all the known limitations of previous investigations of the Schwarzschild interior. We compare and contrast our results with these investigations and also with the expectations based on the AdS/CFT duality.
From Harare to Harvard: Education, Gender, and Citizenship in J. Nozipo Maraires Zenzele: A Letter For My Daughter

The article examines the representation of gender, education, and citizenship in J. Nozipo Maraires epistolary novel Zenzele: A Letter for My Daughter. This novel consists of a letter written by the protagonist, Shiri Shungu, to her daughter, who has recently left her home in Harare, Zimbabwe to study at Harvard University. Through her letter, Shiri seeks to supplement her daughters formal learning experiences regarding Shona culture, family history, and national events. Through the informal teaching offered in her letter, Shiri fosters her daughters understanding of indigenous practices and stresses the importance of self-definition. Shiri intends that the information contained in her letter will empower her daughter with a stronger sense of identity while Zenzele is far from home, yet her narrative also reveals ambiguity and anxieties she experiences regarding the status of women in contemporary Zimbabwe. While Shiris missive draws attention to the struggles of individuals who made sacrifices to ensure educational access for all, it also challenges assumptions regarding the nation that education is a panacea, exposing how Western education can undermine African systems of knowledge. Through her novel, Maraire argues that although education may offer benefits such as social mobility and prestige, it leads to empowerment and promotes dignity only when accompanied by full recognition of dual citizenship and responsibility to family, community, and nation.
Targeting Cyclins to Cause Cancer Cell Apoptosis

Progression through each phase of the cell cycle is precisely controlled by the activity of distinct cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory subunits known as cyclins. Each cell cycle phase is characterized by specific cyclin-CDK combinations and it is tightly controlled by complex regulatory mechanisms that either allow or restrain its progression. Of these, cyclins play the key role in controlling cell cycle progression, with D-type cyclins being the sensors for environmental cues and their assembly into CDK4/6 complexes leading to sequestration of the CDK inhibitors that ultimately allow Cyclin E/CDK2 activation. Cyclin E is unique in its critical role in the G1/S transition, initiation of DNA replication, and centrosome duplication, functions that may provide the underpinnings of its role in tumor development. Some functions, such as its oncogenic function and its ability, following its caspase-mediated conversion to a truncated form, to regulate apoptosis and DNA repair, seem to be independent of its nuclear localization or its associated CDK2-kinase activity. Many cell cycle control genes, when deregulated, can cause cells that are not dividing to enter the cell cycle and begin to proliferate leading to cancer development. S-phase sensitization, by modulating levels of Cyclin E, A, or CDK2 and the associated kinase activity may provide a useful therapeutic approach. There is at present much optimism about the possibility of finding anticancer drug treatment strategies that modulate the activity of cyclins and their regulatory partners. This review summarizes what is known about the biological role of cyclins, their deregulation in cancer, and the opportunities they may provide as targets that may improve clinical therapy.
EVIDENCE FOR CARRIER MEDIATED EFFLUX OF NOREPINEPHRINE DISPLACED BY AMPHETAMINE

Evidence is discussed for a model of amphetamine-induced release of catecholamines in which the displaced catecholamine is transported out of nerve endings by a carrier mediated process. This model requires that the transport of amphetamine into the nerve ending also occurs by a mobile carrier. Data are provided which indicate that the uptake of amphetamine is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration in the incubation medium and is inhibited by desipramine. This suggests that amphetamine and norepinephrine are accumulated by the same neuronal transport system.
Drs. Strangelove or: How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Job Search Process

The purpose of this paper is to provide prospective job applicants in higher education and others interested in the job search process with an account of three individuals' job search experiences. First, we outline our experiences and career goals as ‘all but dissertation’ (ABD) candidates. Second, we sketch the steps that we took in the job search process: applying, interviewing, and receiving and responding to offers. Third, we compare and contrast our successful (received an interview) and unsuccessful (did not receive an interview) applications in ways to help understand the job search process. These comparisons include the level at which positions were advertised, percentage match for advertised positions, reasons for submitting applications, and time variables for the job search process. Finally, we offer suggestions for prospective applicants and search committees.
Abstract 11188: Identification of Key Modulators Involved in Aortic Aneurysm Formation In Fibulin-4 Deficient Mice

Purpose of Research: Fibulin4 (Fbln4) is a secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, expressed in blood vessels and associated with microfibrils surrounding elastic fibers. We previously showed smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific deletion of Fbln4 in vivo (Fbln4SMKO) leads to changes in SMC phenotypes, hyper-proliferation and ascending aortic aneurysm. Although aneurysms are completely prevented by inhibition of the angiotensin II (AngII) pathway in Fbln4SMKO mice, the molecular mechanism of aneurysm formation is still under investigation. Methodology: To identify key modulators involved in aneurysm formation, we compared protein profiles between Fbln4SMKO ascending aorta and that of wild-type (WT). The early stage of aneurysm formation was evaluated by histology. Protein expression profiles were obtained from WT and Fbln4SMKO ascending aortae at each stage of aneurysm development (postnatal day 1 (P1), P7, P14, and P30) by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Several differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry and validated using qPCR and Western blot analysis. To examine if these proteins are associated with aneurysm phenotypes, we evaluated the expression of candidate proteins in Fbln4SMKO animals treated with losartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker) and compared with untreated animals. Results: Histologically, focal lesion of SMC proliferation was noticeable at P7 and became more evident at P14 with a thickened aortic media. 2D-DIGE showed that identified proteins are mainly involved in actin dynamics and cofilin is activated by cofilin phosphatase, Slingshot (SSH-1L), in Fbln4SMKO ascending aorta. Furthermore, prenatal treatment with losartan effectively prevented elevation of SSH and cofilin activity. Implications: Our study indicated that the phenotypic change of SMCs occurred after P7 and cofilin activity may play an important role in aneurysm formation in the Fbln4SMKO aorta. Future study will shed light on the molecular mechanism of aneurysm formation mediated by cofilin activation in the Fbln4 deficient SMCs.
Emulsiones tipo pickering a base de almidones modificados como agentes emulsificantes. artículo de revisión

This review proposes one natural alternative to replace the conventional emulsifying agents used in cosmetic products, comparing the physicochemical properties of the different starches used in Pickering emulsions. This article elaborated three conceptual matrices that provide information of the properties that a starch must have to be chosen as an emulsifier, likewise the chemical modifications that provide an amphiphilic character to said molecule; finally it find the conditions of elaboration of a Pickering emulsion.
The value alignment problem: a geometric approach

Stuart Russell defines the value alignment problem as follows: How can we build autonomous systems with values that “are aligned with those of the human race”? In this article I outline some distinctions that are useful for understanding the value alignment problem and then propose a solution: I argue that the methods currently applied by computer scientists for embedding moral values in autonomous systems can be improved by representing moral principles as conceptual spaces, i.e. as Voronoi tessellations of morally similar choice situations located in a multidimensional geometric space. The advantage of my preferred geometric approach is that it can be implemented without specifying any utility function ex ante.
Chapter 19 – C6

Component C6 is a single-chain plasma glycoprotein of Mr ∼ 108,000 that participates in the last phase of complement activation, namely the formation of the membrane attack complex. This macromolecular assembly consists of C5b through C9 and is a transmembrane pore with a channel diameter of ∼100 A. The polypeptide chain of C6 consists of a single domain of about 250 amino acids referred to as the MACPF along with nine cysteine-rich modules (34–77 amino acids). C6 has two binding sites for C5b; one is reversibly mediated by the C-terminal modules and the other is irreversibly formed by a linker between those modules and the rest of the protein. To C5b6 is added C7, C8 and C9 fashioning a circular complex. The gene for C6 is closely linked to that of C7 on chromosome 5. The importance of C6 for the immune system is demonstrated by rare genetic deficiencies of C6 that render patients susceptible to neisserial infections.
New model of care for patients with central nervous system cancers.

87Background: Patients (pts) with primary or metastatic central nervous system (CNS) cancers often have multiple physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs. Likewise, neurological impairments can ...
Measuring perceived efficacy for coping with posttraumatic stress disorder in the workplace

Background PTSD is associated with high levels of vocational difficulty, and research on relationships between PTSD and vocational adjustment may be relevant to vocational rehabilitation services to achieve optimal outcomes. Veteran perception of ability to cope with stressors in the workplace setting may play a role in rehabilitation outcome. Objective This article outlines preliminary steps in the development of the Vocational Efficacy in Trauma Survivors Scale (VETSS), to measure perceived efficacy in managing PTSD symptoms in the workplace. This has potential to expand future options for research in vocational rehabilitation for veterans with PTSD. Methods Veterans in outpatient treatment for PTSD at a large, mid-western Veterans Affairs Health Care System facility responded to items on the proposed instrument and items on other measures of vocational and psychological functioning to assess the potential validity of items for an instrument to measure vocational self-efficacy among veterans managing PTSD. Results In a sample of 63 working veterans who receive outpatient care for PTSD, exploratory factor analysis identified two viable subscales, one tapping Workplace Coping, and another tapping Self-Disclosure. Conclusions Preliminary findings indicate that the measure demonstrated acceptable indications of reliability and validity, suggesting promise for future use in vocational rehabilitation research.
A Posteriori Error Estimation for Multi-Stage Runge-Kutta IMEX Schemes

Implicit-Explicit (IMEX) schemes are widely used for time integration methods for approximating solutions to a large class of problems. In this work, we develop accurate a posteriori error estimates of a quantity-of-interest for approximations obtained from multi-stage IMEX schemes. This is done by first defining a finite element method that is nodally equivalent to an IMEX scheme, then using typical methods for adjoint-based error estimation. The use of a nodally equivalent finite element method allows a decomposition of the error into multiple components, each describing the effect of a different portion of the method on the total error in a quantity-of-interest.
Prospective Evaluation of the Frequency and Severity of Symptoms in Lyme Disease Patients With Erythema Migrans Compared With Matched Controls at Baseline, 6 Months, and 12 Months

BACKGROUND Erythema migrans is the most common clinical manifestation of Lyme disease. Despite antibiotic therapy, typically at least 10% of adult patients with erythema migrans experience persistence of at least 1 subjective symptom for ≥6 months (posttreatment Lyme disease symptoms [PTLDS]). METHODS This study was designed to determine whether the frequency and severity (based on a visual analogue scale) of 12 particular symptoms in patients with erythema migrans (n = 52) differed from matched control subjects (n = 104) followed prospectively for 12 months. RESULTS At baseline, patients with Lyme disease were more likely than controls to have at least 1 symptom (P = .006). Among symptomatic subjects, Lyme disease patients had a higher mean number of symptoms (P < .001) and a higher mean total symptom severity score (P < .001). At both 6 and 12 months, however, there were no significant differences for these variables and no significant differences in the frequency or severity of any of the 12 individual symptoms assessed. However, 10 patients were clinically assessed as having possible PTLDS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with erythema migrans were more likely than matched control subjects to be symptomatic at baseline with a greater symptom severity score, but this was not found at ≥6 months. Use of symptom survey data alone, however, was less likely to identify patients with possible PTLDS compared with individual clinical assessments. Because it is very challenging to be certain that the presence of long-term symptoms in a particular patient is correctly attributable to having had Lyme disease, an objective biomarker would be highly desirable.
Using Preparedness Exercise Tools to Train Public Health Teams to Address Access and Functional Needs During Emergencies in Rural Appalachia

Local public health agencies are a critical component of communities' ability to respond to and manage emergencies. This article outlines one public health agency's process for developing an all-inclusive, all-hazards public health plan to guide preparedness activities. The plan is interactive and searchable to enable it to be applied practically during an emergency. The new plan was developed using a collective action approach and is consistent with the whole community framework. It represents the perspectives of people with access and functional needs and better prepares local emergency management and response teams to anticipate these needs during emergencies. We created both a tabletop exercise and a full-scale exercise to train public health practitioners on the plan contents, as well as an exercise planning and implementation workbook that includes agendas, sample exercises, sample slides, and supporting documentation. These materials provide specific suggestions for supporting people with access and functional needs during emergency mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. In October 2017, more than 110 people participated in the tabletop exercise as part of the annual staff training at our local health department. One year later, we delivered a full-scale exercise. Nearly all relevant staff (95%) participated in both exercises, and 98% of participants reported that they had greater knowledge and resilience in mitigating and responding to public health emergencies as a result of their participation. We aim to include additional community members in future exercises to assure the plan meets everyone's needs. The current plan has increased the confidence level of local public health practitioners in responding to emergencies.
Latinx bullying and depression in children and youth: a systematic review

Bullying is associated with negative health outcomes such as depression. Most studies target non-Latinxs, though they often experience higher rates of bullying and depression. This review examines the inclusion of Latinxs in studies of bullying and depression and factors unique to them. Databases were searched for articles related to bullying and depression. Two reviewers found 957 publications and identified 17 for inclusion. All 17 studies demonstrated a relationship between bullying and depression. Nine examined variables unique to Latinxs. Studies that included variables unique to Latinxs found a stronger relationship between bullying and depression. Inclusive measures and design are key to understanding and reducing the consequences of bullying in this population.
Financing Universal Basic Income: Eliminating Poverty and Bolstering the Middle Class While Addressing Inequality, Economic Rents, and Climate Change

Universal Basic Income (UBI) can serve as a beneficial public policy to reduce poverty and inequality, yet a great challenge is how to fund it. This article offers a roadmap for fully funding UBI in a manner that: eliminates poverty; bolsters the middle-class; eliminates the stigma and government bureaucracy of social welfare programs; reduces ever-expanding inequality; initiates a path to meeting climate change goals; reduces speculation; and increases fairness and opportunity in the tax code. As stand-alone policies, these revenue proposals are valuable correctives in their own right. If the entire package of UBI and funding sources were in effect, society (and American capitalism) would be on a more stable, equitable, and environmentally sustainable footing.
Dinner-to-bed time is independently associated with overweight/obesity in Chinese school-aged children.

Little is known about the association between dinner-to-bed time and obesity. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the relationships between dinner-to-bed and overweight/obesity in Chinese school-aged children in Ningbo, China. Data of this study were based on 1667 schoolchildren (14–15 years) from 14 primary schools participated in this study in China. Anthropometric measurement of height, body weight and waist circumference (WC) was performed. Information about meal duration and other lifestyle behaviors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between dinner-to-bed time and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline regression was drawn to evaluate the shape of the relation between dinner-bed-time and the odds of overweight. Among the study participants, the prevalence of overweight was 17.6%, and the mean of dinner-to-bed time was 4.26 (0.93) h. In the logistic regression analysis, participants who had dinner-to-bed time less than 3 h or 3.01 ~ ≦ 4.00 h are more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.10–3.42; OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.03–2.65, respectively) or characterised by abdominal obesity (OR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.86–4.95; OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.73–3.92, respectively) compared with dinner-to-bed time more than 5 h. In addition, long dinner-to-bed time was associated with lower risks of overweight (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.97) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.54–0.73). The cubic spline regression analysis showed that the association between dinner-to–bed time and overweight/abdominal obesity seems to be a linear. This study indicates that short dinner-to-bed time is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight or characterised by abdominal obesity among Chinese school-aged children. Level V; cross-section descriptive study.
Traumatic hip dislocation in the paediatric population: A case series from a specialist centre.

Abstract Introduction Traumatic hip dislocation is a rare injury in the paediatric population. It can occur after high energy trauma, but also after lower energy injuries especially in younger children. Posterior dislocation is the most common pattern of hip dislocation. In most cases, closed reduction is successful, but occasionally open reduction is required to achieve concentric reduction. The aim of our study was to present the 10-year experience from a Level-1 Trauma Paediatric Hospital and to comment on how our experience correlates with the current literature. Patients and methods This is a retrospective case series of all paediatric patients ( Results Thirteen cases of traumatic hip dislocation were identified. There were 7 females. The mean age was 9.8 years. Typically, younger patients were involved in lower energy injuries. The direction of hip dislocation was posterior in ten cases. Associated injuries were seen in eight patients. All cases underwent closed reduction, which was successful in nine cases. Mean time to reduction was 6.8 hours. Post reduction imaging with CT and/or MRI was performed in all cases. There was residual subluxation in three cases, requiring open reduction. In one case with unrecognised undisplaced physeal injury, closed reduction resulted in a Delbet type 1 hip fracture. Two cases developed avascular necrosis (AVN). Conclusions Traumatic paediatric hip dislocation is a rare injury. A target of 6 hours for reduction should be employed as this will reduce the risk of AVN in those who have not permanently damaged the vessels at the time of injury. We advocate all attempts for closed reduction to be performed in an operating theatre with the use of an image intensifier to help identifying associated injuries and confirm concentric reduction. If closed reduction fails, open reduction is required. Post-reduction MRI is an important adjunct to recognise associated soft tissue injuries. Follow up of patients should continue for 2 years as a minimum to help detect AVN.
A Virus Infecting Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Represents an Evolutionary Link Between Cileviruses and Higreviruses

Hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.) are popular ornamental and landscape plants in Hawaii which are susceptible to foliar diseases caused by viruses belonging to the genera Cilevirus and Higrevirus (family Kitaviridae). In this study, a virus infecting H. rosa-sinensis plants displaying foliar symptoms consistent with infection by a kitavirus, including yellow chlorotic blotches with a green perimeter, was characterized. The genome consisted of two RNAs 8.4 and 4.4 kb in length, and was organized most similarly to cileviruses, but with important distinctions. These included the location of the p29 homolog as the 3'-terminal open reading frame (ORF) of RNA2 instead of its typical locus at the 3'-end of RNA1; the absence of a p15 homolog on RNA2 and the adjacent intergenic region which also harbors small putative ORFs of unknown function; and the presence of an ORF encoding a 10 kDa protein at the 3'-terminal end of RNA1 that was also found to be present in the hibiscus green spot virus 2 genome. Spherical particles approximately 55-65 nm in diameter were observed in infected leaf tissue, and viral RNA was detected by reverse-transcription PCR in individual mites collected from symptomatic plants tentatively identified as Brevipalpus yothersi. Although phylogenetic analyses placed this virus between the higrevirus and cilevirus clades, we propose the tentative taxonomic placement of this virus, designated hibiscus yellow blotch virus (HYBV), within the genus Cilevirus.
The Content and Accessibility of Spine Surgery Fellowship Websites and the North American Spine Surgery (NASS) Fellowship Directory.

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT The North American Spine Society (NASS) spine fellowship directory is an established resource that provides applicants with access to important information about different fellowship programs. Additionally, some programs have created websites to provide information about their fellowship program. There has been limited research on the amount and breadth of information provided by these different resources. PURPOSE To assess and compare the scope of information provided by the North American Spine Society (NASS) fellowship directory and individual fellowship program websites. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Web Content Accessibility Study. PATIENT SAMPLE There were no patient data used in this study. All reported data were accessed from public websites and the NASS fellowship directory (August 2022 fellowships). OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures were reported as the presence or lack thereof of 22 topics pertaining to the specifics of each individual spine fellowship program on both the NASS fellowship directory and individual fellowship program websites. METHODS The NASS fellowship directory (August 2022 fellowships) and individual program websites were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Program websites were identified via Google search with a systematic protocol. Within each platform, the availability of various data were recorded. Twenty-four different data points were assessed for each program and were categorized into four main categories—general program information, fellow profiles, clinical roles, and nonclinical roles of the fellow. Chi-squared tests were used to compare differences in the availability of specific data provided by the NASS fellowship directory and individual program websites. RESULTS Seventy-four fellowship programs were identified. The NASS fellowship directory was more likely to provide information about the application process, a description of the program, fellow salary, faculty members, case descriptions, and research requirements (p CONCLUSIONS There were significant differences in the type of information provided by the NASS fellowship directory and program websites. Furthermore, there were key pieces of information that were not well represented on either platform.
Improvements to PTSD quality metrics with natural language processing.

RATIONALE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES As quality measurement becomes increasingly reliant on the availability of structured electronic medical record (EMR) data, clinicians are asked to perform documentation using tools that facilitate data capture. These tools may not be available, feasible, or acceptable in all clinical scenarios. Alternative methods of assessment, including natural language processing (NLP) of clinical notes, may improve the completeness of quality measurement in real-world practice. Our objective was to measure the quality of care for a set of evidence-based practices using structured EMR data alone, and then supplement those measures with additional data derived from NLP. METHOD As a case example, we studied the quality of care for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) over a 20-year period. We measured two aspects of PTSD care, including delivery of evidence-based psychotherapy (EBP) and associated use of measurement-based care (MBC), using structured EMR data. We then recalculated these measures using additional data derived from NLP of clinical note text. RESULTS There were 2 098 389 VA patients with a diagnosis of PTSD between 2000 and 2019, 72% (n = 1 515 345) of whom had not previously received EBP for PTSD and were treated after a 2015 mandate to document EBP using templates that generate structured EMR data. Using structured EMR data, we determined that 3.2% (n = 48 004) of those patients met our EBP for PTSD quality standard between 2015 and 2019, and 48.1% (n = 23 088) received associated MBC. With the addition of NLP-derived data, estimates increased to 4.1% (n = 62 789) and 58.0% (n = 36 435), respectively. CONCLUSION Healthcare quality data can be significantly improved by supplementing structured EMR data with NLP-derived data. By using NLP, health systems may be able to fill the gaps in documentation when structured tools are not yet available or there are barriers to using them in clinical practice.
IS THE COMMON LAW A FREE-MARKET SOLUTION TO POLLUTION?

Abstract Whereas conventional analyses characterize environmental problems as examples of market failure, proponents of free-market environmentalism (FME) consider the problem to be a lack of markets and, in particular, a lack of enforceable and exchangeable property rights. Enforcing property rights alleviates disputes about, as well as the overuse of, most natural resources. FME diagnoses of pollution are much weaker, however. Most FME proponents suggest that common-law tort suits can adequately protect private property and ecological resources from pollution. Yet such claims have not been substantiated. Further research is needed before the common law, or regulatory reforms grounded in common-law principles, can be seen as a viable alternative to traditional environmental regulation.
Genetic Analysis of i NKT Cell Development and Function

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are among the immediate and early responding immune cells and are important players in autoimmune diseases and tumor immunity. This unique subset of T cells shares properties of natural killer cells and T cells. Proper identification and characterization of NKT cell subsets is essential to understand the function and involvement of these understudied immune cells in various diseases. This review aims to summarize the known methods for identifying and characterizing NKT cells. NKT cells are divided into Type I (or invariant) and Type II, with either limited or broad TCR repertoires, respectively, that generally respond to glycolipids presented on the nonclassical MHC, CD1d. Type I NKT cells or invariant NKT cells (iNKT) are the most well studied and can be further subdivided into NKT1, NKT2, or NKT17 populations, classified based on their functional capacity. Conversely, less is known about Type II NKT cells because they have a more diverse TCR repertoire which make them hard to identify. However, genetic analyses have shed light on the development and function of all NKT subsets, which aids in their characterization. Further exploration of the role of NKT cells in various diseases will reveal the intricacies and importance of their novel functions.
The "self" in pain: high levels of schema-enmeshment worsen fibromyalgia impact.

OBJECTIVE Chronic pain can have detrimental effects on quality of life and a profound impact on one's identity. The Pictorial Representation of Illness- and Self-Measure (PRISM), is a visual tool designed to measure the self-illness separation (SIS) that represents the degree of schema-enmeshment (i.e., the degree to which the self-schema and the illness-schema come to overlap). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between schema-enmeshment and pain-related outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 114 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, anxiety, and depression. SIS was assessed using an iPad version of PRISM. Mediation analyses evaluated the mediating role of schema-enmeshment on the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact. RESULTS A higher degree of schema-enmeshment was associated with greater pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, and depression. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that schema-enmeshment significantly mediated the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that schema-enmeshment is associated with greater intrusiveness of chronic pain on everyday life, thereby posing significant limitations on the emotional and physical well-being of fibromyalgia patients. Schema-enmeshment also appears to partly account for the deleterious effect of pain catastrophizing on disease impact. The PRISM is a simple tool that may uniquely capture the extent to which chronic pain and illness infiltrates and affects one's self-concept.
Using Big Data

‘Big Data’ is a comprehensive term, including both large amounts of molecular measurements on a person (e.g., next-generation sequencing) as well as small amounts of routine measurements on a large number of people (e.g., clinical notes, lab measurements, insurance claims and adverse event reports). Big Data are increasingly used—both for advancing medical science as well as improving the delivery of healthcare. The primary stake-holders in the decision of, and the impact of, using Big Data analyses are the patients, the researchers, the health-care providers, the payers, and the regulators. In devising a strategy to use Big Data in healthcare it is essential to think about the dimensions along which the data are big. Approaches that go across data-sources and that attempt predictive data-mining are fruitful directions to pursue. Finally, it is important to remember that just because vast amounts of data are available we are not guaranteed to find better insights. The results based on Big Data will only be as good as the analysis methods employed.
An intermediate-precision approximation of the inverse cumulative normal distribution

Accurate methods used to evaluate the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution function at probability ρ commonly used today are too cumbersome and/or slow to obtain a large number of evaluations reasonably quickly, e.g., as required in certain Monte Carlo applications. Previously reported simple approximations all have a maximum absolute error em > 10-4 for a ρ-range of practical concern, such as Min[ρ,l−ρ]≥10−6. An 11-term polynomial-based approximationis presented for which em > 10-6 in this range.
Dependence of CH 3 OH Oxidation Activity for a Wide Range of PtRu Alloys Detailed Analysis and New Views

Unsupported PtRu alloy powders of a wide range of compositions were prepared at low temperatures by carefully adjusting the preparation procedure. PtRu alloys of essentially the same surface, nominal and bulk composition, were formed up to ca. 46 atom % Ru content. Adsorbed CO stripping voltammetry and CH 3 OH oxidation characteristics, namely, i-V curves and pseudo-steady-state current density values recorded at constant potentials, were the same as reported for corresponding bulk alloys, suggesting that the electrocatalytic activities of the powders can be compared to bulk alloys. CH 3 OH oxidation activities obtained for PtRu alloy, Pt, and Ru powders showed the PtRu alloy of 70:30 atom % Pt:Ru composition to exhibit the highest activity independent of the temperature and potential tested (0.3 and 0.4 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode). The experimental pseudo-steady-state current density values for the CH 3 OH oxidation reaction were found to show the same dependence on Ru content as theoretical values calculated assuming that an assembly of three neighboring Pt and one Ru site are involved in the oxidation of a CH 3 OH molecule.
Intervention to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among children with cancer: a controlled trial

Objective This randomized controlled trial tested the efficacy of parent-based behavioral counseling for reducing secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) among children with cancer. It also examined predictors of smoking and SHSe outcomes.
Face Localization in the Neural Abstraction Pyramid

One of the major parts in human-computer interface applications, such as face recognition and video-telephony, consists in the localization of a face in an image. I propose to use hierarchical neural networks with local recurrent connectivity to solve this task, even in presence of complex backgrounds, difficult lighting, and noise. The network is trained using a database of gray-scale still images and manually determined eye coordinates. It is able to produce reliable and accurate eye coordinates for unknown images by iteratively refining an initial solution. Since the network processes an entire image, no time consuming scanning across positions and scales is needed. Its fast update allows for real-time face tracking.
Cantilever Dynamics and Nonlinear Effects in Atomic Force Microscopy

With increasing efforts to improve resolution and material contrast in dynamic atomic force microscopy (dAFM), it has become important to precisely understand and exploit the mechanical dynamics of the AFM probe as it interacts with samples. Here we provide a broad overview of several topics in this area relevant to both amplitude and frequency modulated (AM and FM) AFM. We discuss three-dimensional eigenmodes of cantilever probes and tuning forks, and summarize their nonlinear dynamical interactions with the sample and their operation in liquids. An emphasis is placed on experimental implications of these physical phenomena. We conclude with an outlook of the relevance of these new developments for atomic resolution dAFM and for low-force biological applications.
Prostate-specific antigen testing accuracy in community practice

Most data on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing come from urologic cohorts comprised of volunteers for screening programs. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PSA testing for detecting prostate cancer in community practice. PSA testing results were compared with a reference standard of prostate biopsy. Subjects were 2,620 men 40 years and older undergoing (PSA) testing and biopsy from 1/1/95 through 12/31/98 in the Albuquerque, New Mexico metropolitan area. Diagnostic measures included the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios. Cancer was detected in 930 subjects (35%). The area under the ROC curve was 0.67 and the PSA cutpoint of 4 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 33%. The likelihood ratio for a positive test (LR+) was 1.28 and 0.42 for a negative test (LR-). PSA testing was most sensitive (90%) but least specific (27%) in older men. Age-specific reference ranges improved specificity in older men (49%) but decreased sensitivity (70%), with an LR+ of 1.38. Lowering the PSA cutpoint to 2 ng/ml resulted in a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 20%, and an LR+ of 1.19. PSA testing had fair discriminating power for detecting prostate cancer in community practice. The PSA cutpoint of 4 ng/ml was sensitive but relatively non-specific and associated likelihood ratios only moderately revised probabilities for cancer. Using age-specific reference ranges and a PSA cutpoint below 4 ng/ml improved test specificity and sensitivity, respectively, but did not improve the overall accuracy of PSA testing.
Assessment of health care cost for complex surgical patients: review of cost, re-imbursement and revenue involved in pancreatic surgery at a high-volume academic medical centre.

Abstract Background Pancreatic surgery is complex with the potential for costly hospitalization. Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing a pancreatic resection was performed. Results The median age of the study population was 64 years. Half of the cohort was female (51%), and the majority were white (62%). Most patients underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) (69%). The pre-operative age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index was zero for 36% ( n = 50), 1 for 31% ( n = 43) and ≥2 for 33% ( n = 45). The Clavien–Dindo grading system for post-operative complication was grade I in 17% ( n = 24), whereas 45% ( n = 62) were higher grades. The medians direct fixed, direct variable, fixed indirect and total costs were $2476, $15 397, $13 207 and $31 631, respectively. There was a positive contribution margin of $7108, whereas the net margin was a loss of $6790. On univariate analyses, age, type of operation and complication grade were associated with total cost ( P ≤ 0.05), whereas operation type and complication grade were associated with a net margin ( P = 0.01). These findings remained significant on multivariate analysis ( P Conclusions Increased cost, reimbursement and revenue were associated with type of operation and post-operative complications.