cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heating, Cooling, and Intracluster Entropy

It is now generally acknowledged that gas at the centers of galaxy clusters with short central cooling times is not simply cooling, flowing toward the center, and condensing. Some sort of heat source must replenish much of the thermal energy radiated by the gas in the cores of those clusters, and the active galactic nucleus at the center of the brightest cluster galaxy seems like the likeliest source of energy. Whatever the energy source is, it must leave an imprint on the entropy structure of the intracluster medium. In search of that imprint we have measured the radial entropy profiles of some classic cooling-flow clusters and have found a remarkable degree of regularity among them. They asymptotically approach a pure-cooling profile at ∼ 100 kpc but depart from the pure-cooling profile within 10-20 kpc of the cluster center, at an entropy scale of ∼ 10 keV cm2. Any model purporting to explain why the core gas does not simply cool and condense must explain these features of the core entropy profiles. A simple episodic feedback model can account for the observed profiles with outbursts of ∼ 1045 erg s-1 occurring on a ∼100 Myr timescale. At radii < 30 kpc these outbursts would deposit heat primarily through shocks. Rising bubbles would dominate the heat deposition at larger radii.
An integrated approach to instruction in debugging computer programs

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that formal training in debugging helps students develop skills in diagnosing and removing defects from computer programs. To accomplish this goal in an assembly language course, multiple activities were designed in order to enhance students' debugging skills. Students completed debugging exercises before developing the code for each programming assignment. Each set of exercises focused on the major topics covered in the assignment. Students also kept debugging logs as they worked on the assignments. In these logs, students recorded both the source of each defect and how the defect was corrected. Students reflected on their approach to each programming assignment and documented their code development and debugging experiences in a reflective memo. Last, for one programming assignment, students worked in teams of four. They identified defects collaboratively using code inspection. Students' responses to these activities have been positive and constructive.
Analog tunable diffractive grating with milliradian resolution

We have designed and fabricated two versions of analog tunable grating. The extrapolated performance of the device is a wide tunable range between sub-nanometer and sub-micrometer with actuation voltage below 100 Volts by electrostatic actuation or 5 Volts by the piezoelectric version. We have demonstrated the preliminary function of our designs.
Adaptive fuzzy systems for backing up a truck-and-trailer

Fuzzy control systems and neural-network control systems for backing up a simulated truck, and truck-and-trailer, to a loading dock in a parking lot are presented. The supervised backpropagation learning algorithm trained the neural network systems. The robustness of the neural systems was tested by removing random subsets of training data in learning sequences. The neural systems performed well but required extensive computation for training. The fuzzy systems performed well until over 50% of their fuzzy-associative-memory (FAM) rules were removed. They also performed well when the key FAM equilibration rule was replaced with destructive, or 'sabotage', rules. Unsupervised differential competitive learning (DCL) and product-space clustering adaptively generated FAM rules from training data. The original fuzzy control systems and neural control systems generated trajectory data. The DCL system rapidly recovered the underlying FAM rules. Product-space clustering converted the neural truck systems into structured sets of FAM rules that approximated the neural system's behavior. >
Blind Estimation of Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets

Multiple carrier-frequency offsets (CFO) arise in a distributed antenna system, where data are transmitted simultaneously from multiple antennas. In such systems the received signal contains multiple CFOs due to mismatch between the local oscillators of transmitters and receiver. This results in a time-varying rotation of the data constellation, which needs to be compensated for at the receiver before symbol recovery. This paper proposes a new approach for blind CFO estimation and symbol recovery. The received base-band signal is over-sampled, and its polyphase components are used to formulate a virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) problem. By applying blind MIMO system estimation techniques, the system response is estimated and used to subsequently transform the multiple CFOs estimation problem into many independent single CFO estimation problems. Furthermore, an initial estimate of the CFO is obtained from the phase of the MIMO system response. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is also derived, and the large sample performance of the proposed estimator is compared to the bound.
Configuration manifolds and their applications to robot dynamic modeling and control

This paper presents a configuration manifold (C-manifold) embedding model for robot dynamic systems analysis and control algorithms development from a geometrical and topological perspective. The concepts of C-manifolds and their isometric embeddings are introduced, and the explicit forms of their representations are then developed. For an open serial-chain robotic system, a topological equivalence is found and demonstrated to be useful for dynamic model reduction. The study further shows that kinematics of a dynamic system determines the topology of its C-manifold so that the kinematics becomes a structure of the dynamics. By taking advantage of adaptive control, developing a kinematic model is shown to be sufficient for dynamic control purpose. Furthermore, we discover that the entire dynamic model of a robot can be significantly reduced, and the lower bound of the model reduction is a sub-system with the minimum embeddable C-manifold in the sense of topology. The paper also gives examples to illustrate the procedure of determining their C-manifold embedding models.
Trends and causes of severity, size, and number of fires in northwestern California, USA

Research in the last several years has indicated that fire size and frequency are on the rise in western U.S. forests. Although fire size and frequency are important, they do not necessarily scale with ecosystem effects of fire, as different ecosystems have different ecological and evolutionary relationships with fire. Our study assessed trends and patterns in fire size and frequency from 1910 to 2008 (all fires > 40 ha), and the percentage of high-severity in fires from 1987 to 2008 (all fires > 400 ha) on the four national forests of northwestern California. During 1910–2008, mean and maximum fire size and total annual area burned increased, but we found no temporal trend in the percentage of high-severity fire during 1987–2008. The time series of severity data was strongly influenced by four years with region-wide lightning events that burned huge areas at primarily low–moderate severity. Regional fire rotation reached a high of 974 years in 1984 and fell to 95 years by 2008. The percentage of high-severity fire in conifer-dominated forests was generally higher in areas dominated by smaller-diameter trees than in areas with larger-diameter trees. For Douglas-fir forests, the percentage of highseverity fire did not differ significantly between areas that re-burned and areas that only burned once (10% vs. 9%) when re-burned within 30 years. Percentage of high-severity fire decreased to 5% when intervals between first and second fires were .30 years. In contrast, in both mixed-conifer and fir/high-elevation conifer forests, the percentage of high-severity fire was less when re-burned within 30 years compared to first-time burned (12% vs. 16% for mixed conifer; 11% vs. 19% for fir/high-elevation conifer). Additionally, the percentage of highseverity fire did not differ whether the re-burn interval was less than or greater than 30 years. Years with larger fires and greatest area burned were produced by region-wide lightning events, and characterized by less winter and spring precipitation than years dominated by smaller human-ignited fires. Overall percentage of high-severity fire was generally less in years characterized by these region-wide lightning events. Our results suggest that, under certain conditions, wildfires could be more extensively used to achieve ecological and management objectives in northwestern California.
Farm Wealth Inequality Within and Across States in the United States

This paper uses Theil’s (1979) entropy-based measure of inequality and farm-level data to examine changes in farm business wealth (farm equity) of farm households. The farms associated with farm households are grouped by state into ten regions of the United States. The Theil entropy measure is then calculated and used to decompose total inequality of farm wealth into within-state and across-states (between states) inequalities for each region. Results show that since the enactment of the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act, inequality in farm wealth among farms within a state has decreased relative to the number of farms per state, across all regions. Further, most of the reduction in farm wealth inequality is attributed to increased equality in the distribution of real estate assets of the farm households, a major component of farm wealth.
Being Mentored: The Experience of Women Faculty

Mentoring has been proposed as a means to enhance the career success of women faculty in the academic environment. This phenomenological study was undertaken to understand and describe the essential nature and meaning of the experience of being mentored for women faculty. In-depth conversational interviews were conducted with nine women faculty who stated that they had been mentored while in a faculty role. Their mentoring relationships were formal and informal, with male and female mentors of varying ranks, and both internal and external to the proteges' institutions. Through an analysis of the interview text, five essential themes of the experience of being mentored for women faculty emerged. These essential themes are (a) having someone who truly cares and acts in one's best interest, (b) a feeling of connection, (c) being affirmed of one's worth, (d) not being alone, and (e) politics are part of one's experience.
ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS IN FOUR DOGS

Ante mortem diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis was determined ultrasonographically in four dogs. In each dog the thrombus was visible in two-dimensional, grey-scale images of the portal vein obtained through a right intercostal window. Duplex-Doppler measurements and color-Doppler images provided information about the effects of thrombosis on portal blood flow. Reduced portal blood flow compatible with portal hypertension was detected in three dogs. A hypercoagulable state was probably involved in the pathogenesis of portal vein thrombosis in two dogs, one with pancreatitis and gastrointestinal blood loss and another with protein-losing nephropathy and probable immune-mediated anemia. The third dog had chronic ehrlichiosis; thrombosis was probably secondary to vasculitis. The remaining dog had thrombosis secondary to invasion of the portal vein by a recurrent duodenal neoplasm. This dog was euthanized because the tumor was considered inoperable. The dog with pancreatitis developed acute portal hypertension due to obstruction of the portal vein by the thrombus and was euthanized. The dogs with protein-losing nephropathy and ehrlichiosis were treated medically and recovered. Although portal vein thrombosis is uncommon, this complication should be considered in dogs with a variety of abdominal or systemic disorders. Ultrasonography is a practical method for diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis and detection of the underlying cause.
Methods in the post-methods era: report on an international survey on language teaching methods

Do methods still have a place in 21" century language teaching? To answer this question, an international survey was conducted in the surnmer of 1999. A sample of 800 language teachers world-wide randomly drawn from 17,800 TESOLers were each given a 2-page survey. The return rate was 58.5% with the actual usable data set of448, which was analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Among the ten commonly recognized teaching methods surveyed, both the Communicative Language Teaching Approach and an eclectic method seem to have the highest rate in familiarity, preference, and use. But when multiple factors, such as teaching contexts, instructional settings, learners' proficiency levels, class size, teaching experience and educational backgrounds of the teachers, and the status of being a native or nonnative English speaking professional were taken into consideration, various patterns and themes emerged. One interesting finding is that Grammar Translation is still used in EFL contexts, in larger classes, and with learners at low proficiency levels, though the ratio between the actual use of this method and teachers' preference does not match. Based on the results of the survey, a new theoretical framework is proposed to conceptualize language teaching methods in the post-methods era.
Phase-mismatched degenerate four-wave mixing: complex third-order susceptibility tensor elements of C 60 at 768 nm

We describe and analyze an all-optical method to measure both the magnitude and the phase of each (complex) element of the χ(3) tensor that determines degenerate four-wave mixing in a thin isotropic film on a thick substrate. We use the method to characterize the χ(3) tensor of a 10-µm C60 film (on a CaF2 substrate) for 110-fs pulses at 768 nm. Using a fused-quartz plate as the nonlinear standard, we find the two independent Maker–Terhune elements of χ(3) to have magnitudes |c1221(-ω, ω, ω, -ω)|=(0.44±0.03)×10-12 esu and |c1122(-ω, ω, ω, -ω)|=(0.50±0.03)×10-12 esu and phase angles ϕ1221 and ϕ1122, whose magnitudes are 145°±17° and 139°±10°.
A NEW WAY OUT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY AND INNOVATION MORASS

During the 1980s, U.S. business will continue to face serious productivity and innovation problems as the economy shifts from a production‐based to a knowledge‐based one. To tackle the productivity challenge, companies will have to adapt their organizational, reporting, and compensation systems to the post‐industrial era.
Fabrication and characterization of microinductors for distributed power converters

Inductors play a key role in DC-DC converters, but few options exist for implementing on-chip inductors for highly miniaturized, monolithic power converters. Microinductors constructed by standard microelectronic fabrication techniques with magnetic films as the core material have been investigated during the past 20 years with mixed results. A 13-mm/sup 2/ microinductor based on a spiral geometry and having L = 3.2 /spl mu/H and Q = 1.3 at 1 MHz is reported here. Key issues regarding microinductor design and performance are discussed.
Muonic hydrogen and MeV forces

We explore the possibility that a new interaction between muons and protons is responsible for the discrepancy between the CODATA value of the proton-radius and the value deduced from the measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen. We show that a new force carrier with roughly MeV-mass can account for the observed energy-shift as well as the discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment. However, measurements in other systems constrain the couplings to electrons and neutrons to be suppressed relative to the couplings to muons and protons, which seems challenging from a theoretical point of view. One can nevertheless make predictions for energy shifts in muonic deuterium, muonic helium, and true muonium under the assumption that the new particle couples dominantly to muons and protons.
Resolving structural influences on water-retention properties of alluvial deposits

With the goal of improving property-transfer model (PTM) predictions of unsaturated hydraulic properties, we investigated the influence of sedimentary structure, defined as particle arrangement during deposition, on laboratory-measured water retention (water content vs. potential [u(c)]) of 10 undisturbed core samples from alluvial deposits in the western Mojave Desert, California. The samples were classified as having fluvial or debris-flow structure based on observed stratification and measured spread of particle-size distribution. The u(c) data were fit with the Rossi–Nimmo junction model, representing water retention with three parameters: the maximum water content (umax), the c-scaling parameter (co), and the shape parameter (l). We examined trends between these hydraulic parameters and bulk physical properties, both textural—geometric mean, Mg, and geometric standard deviation, sg, of particle diameter—and structural—bulk density, rb, the fraction of unfilled pore space at natural saturation, Ae, and porosity-based randomness index, Fs, defined as the excess of total porosity over 0.3. Structural parameters Fs and Ae were greater for fluvial samples, indicating greater structural pore space and a possibly broader pore-size distribution associated with a more systematic arrangement of particles. Multiplelinear regressionanalysisandMallow’s Cp statistic identified combinations of textural and structural parameters for the most useful predictive models: for umax, including Ae, Fs, and sg, and for both co and l, including only textural parameters, although use of Ae can somewhat improve co predictions. Textural properties can explain most of the sample-to-sample variation in u(c) independent of deposit type, but inclusion of the simple structural indicators Ae and Fs can improve PTM predictions, especially for the wettest part of the u(c) curve.
Transduction of calcium stress through interaction of the human transcription factor CBF with the proximal CCAAT regulatory element of the grp78/BiP promoter.

Mammalian GRP78/BiP is a stress-inducible 78-kDa endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein with molecular chaperone and calcium-binding properties. The transactivation of grp78 by the calcium ionophore A23187 provides a model system with which to study the signal transduction that allows mammalian cells to sense calcium depletion in intracellular stores and activate transcription of specific genes. Linker-scanning mutation analysis of the grp78 promoter reveals that the single most important regulatory element is C1, which contains a CCAAT motif most proximal to the TATA sequence. The C1 element is crucial for mediating the stimulatory effects by the upstream regulatory elements under normal and stress conditions. In this report, we establish that the heteromeric CCAAT-binding factor CBF is the major component of the C1-binding factor (C1F) in human cells. A GGAGG motif flanking the CCAAT sequence also contributes to high-affinity C1F/CBF binding. We show here that the binding of C1F in vitro is sensitive to the concentration of calcium ions. At high calcium ion concentrations, the C1F-binding activity is lower because of a higher dissociation rate. This binding characteristic correlates with the induction of grp78 transcription in response to the depletion of intracellular calcium stores. The strikingly similar behavior of C1F from nuclear extracts of control and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"A23187","term_id":"833253","term_text":"A23187"}}A23187-treated cells further suggests that C1F itself does not undergo any major inherent changes after calium depletion stress. Rather, its binding property could be modulated by the immediate calcium ionic environment in stressed and nonstressed cells. On the basis of the in vitro and in vivo site occupancies of C1F and other stress-inducible changes of upstream regulatory complexes, we present a model to explain how C1F and other upstream factors can synergistically activate grp78 transcription in calcium-depleted cells.
Active Chloride Transport by the Gills of Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

1. The kinetics of chloride transport by the irrigated trout gill have been studied. The transport system is saturable, and the half-saturation value is about 0.25mM. 2. Chloride uptake occurs equally well from solutions of non-penetrating cations and from NaCl solutions. The presence of potassium in the irrigating solution, however, significantly inhibits chloride uptake. 3. The trout gill is permeable to potassium, and there appears to be an active component to potassium influx. 4. Chloride transport is stimulated by injections of NaHCO3 and (NH4)HCO3. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, has no apparent effect on chloride influx, and it is suggested that if a Cl-/HCO3- exchange exists in the trout gill, sufficient HCO3- can be supplied by the blood. 5. The mean intracellular potential (relative to the irrigating solution) of five gill filament cells was -32 mV. This indicates the presence of an energy barrier to chloride uptake at the outer membrane of the epithelium, and therefore it is postulated that an active step for chloride transport is located on this membrane.
3D Printed Potential and Free Energy Surfaces for Teaching Fundamental Concepts in Physical Chemistry

Teaching fundamental physical chemistry concepts such as the potential energy surface, transition state, and reaction path is a challenging task. The traditionally used oversimplified 2D representation of potential and free energy surfaces makes this task even more difficult and often confuses students. We show how this 2D representation can be expanded to more realistic potential and free energy surfaces by creating surface models using 3D printing technology. The printed models include potential energy surfaces for the hydrogen exchange reaction and for rotations of methyl groups in 1-fluoro-2-methylpropene calculated using quantum chemical methods. We also present several model surfaces created from analytical functions of two variables. These models include a free energy surface for protein folding, and potential energy surfaces for a linear triatomic molecule and surface adsorption, as well as simple double minimum, quadruple minimum, and parabolic surfaces. We discuss how these 3D models can be used...
University-School-Community Partnership as Vehicle for Leadership, Service, and Change: A Critical Brokerage Perspective.

ABSTRACTUsing a critical brokerage perspective to advance theoretical insights in the development of a community university partnership and understanding of the organizational embeddedness of a community empowerment agency in Pittsburgh, PA, USA, this article suggests that partnerships between American universities and communities are perfect vehicles for envisioning engaged scholarship rooted in neighborhoods and communities. The article concludes that diversely positioned leaders and scholars in universities and schools, and indigenous leaders in the community, can learn from and apply principles of partnership and critical brokerage to work together to forward justice and change in their own neighborhoods and settings.
Quasiparticle-random-phase approximation treatment of the transverse wobbling mode reconsidered

The quasiparticle-random-phase approximation is used to study the properties of the wobbling bands in $^{163}\mathrm{Lu}$. Assuming that the wobbling mode represents pure isoscalar orientation oscillations results in too low wobbling frequencies and transition probabilities between the one- and zero-phonon wobbling bands that are strongly collective but yet too weak for $B{(E2)}_{\mathrm{out}}$ and too strong for $B{(M1)}_{\mathrm{out}}$. The inclusion of an LL interaction, which couples the wobbling mode to the scissors mode, generates the right upshift of the wobbling frequencies and the right suppression of the $B{(M1)}_{\mathrm{out}}$ values toward the experimental values, but does not change the $B{(E2)}_{\mathrm{out}}$ values. In analogy to the quenching of low-energy $E1$ transition by coupling to the isovector giant dipole resonance, a general reduction of the $M1$ transitions between quasiparticle configurations caused by coupling to the scissors mode is suggested. The small $\mathrm{B}{(E2)}_{\mathrm{out}}$ values are related to small triaxiality of the density distribution, which is found by all mean field calculations for the triaxial strongly deformed nuclei in the mass 160 region.
Pythagorean Triples in Unique Factorization Domains

(1972). Pythagorean Triples in Unique Factorization Domains. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 503-505.
Formal reasoning in Japanese older adults: The role of metacognitive strategy, task content, and social factors

This study investigated the availability of deductive reasoning competence in late adulthood. Forty-six Japanese older (mean age =71 years) and 58 Japanese young adults (mean age =19.6 years) were assessed for formal or deductive reasoning using Overton's (1990) revision of the four-card selection task. For older adults, metacognitive strategy—operating as a procedure designed to access reasoning competence—resulted in enhanced performance levels. When the semantic content of the reasoning task involved emotional issues, however, the metacognitive strategy failed to facilitate reasoning performance. This suggests that reasoning competence is available in late adulthood but that performance is susceptible to contextual variables. Social factors were not significantly related to older adults' reasoning performance. Thus, assessment of these factors may have been based on too broad a definition to describe adequately the status of the older adults. For the young, only semantic task content was related to reasoning performance.
Study on Management and Information System in Livestock and Poultry Raising

To get livestock and poultry information rapidly and dynamically so that to conveniently manage livestock and poultry,the management and information system in livestock and poultry raising,was constructed based on ArcIMS using 3S technology,database technology and J2EE.The paper introduced the architecture design,multi-source spatial database design and the key technology of realizing the system.This system mainly realized the function of collecting livestock and poultry,data processing,the visible show,the real-time inquiry,space locating,statistical analysis,thematic map publish and data renewal and maintenance.
Propagation regimes of buoyancy-driven hydraulic fractures with solidification

This study investigates the propagation of a semi-infinite buoyancy-driven hydraulic fracture in situations when the fluid is able to solidify along the crack walls. Such problems occur when hot magma ascends from a chamber due to buoyancy forces and solidifies by interacting with colder rock. In the model, the solidification rate is calculated assuming a one-dimensional heat transfer problem, in which case it becomes mathematically equivalent to Carter’s leak-off model, which is commonly used to describe the fluid leak-off from a hydraulic fracture into a porous rock formation. In order to construct a mathematical model for a buoyancy-driven hydraulic fracture with solidification, the aforementioned thermal problem is combined with (i) linear plane-strain elasticity to ensure equilibrium of the rock surrounding the fracture, (ii) linear elastic fracture mechanics to determine the fracture propagation, (iii) lubrication theory to capture the viscous fluid flow inside the crack and to account for the effect of buoyancy, and (iv) volume balance of the magma. To address the problem, the governing equations are first rewritten in terms of one integral equation with a non-singular kernel, which significantly simplifies the analysis and the procedure for obtaining a numerical solution. The latter solution is shown to obey a multiscale behaviour near the fracture tip that is fully resolved by the numerical scheme. In order to understand the structure of the solution and to quantify the regimes of propagation (and the associated transitions), a thorough analysis of the problem has been performed. Finally, the developments are applied to investigate the non-steady propagation of a buoyancy-driven fracture that is fed by a constant flux.
Tort Law and Social Morality: The Whole in One

The law's curse is that it sees itself sitting outside the social realm, as if the law were commanding how people ought to act, much like a traffic cop or senior officer. It pretends to reform society from the outside, channeling behavior by creating or recognizing rights and responsibilities from abstract principles or generalized rules that seem to transcend human interaction. In fact, the law operates within the social realm, moving to influence how people ought to make decisions by recognizing how people do make decisions, endorsing those methods of making decisions that seem to be good for the community and gently inducing people to change those that do not. Thus, a major theme of this book is a plea to understand private law in a new way – as the institution society has created to work within society by recognizing and endorsing forms of interpersonal decision making that appear to be good for the community and correcting those that do not. This theme suggests that we need a new way of understanding the concept of law – a recognition that private law embodies a methodology of resolving disputes by understanding how people ought to think about their relationships with other members of the community. This, in turn, requires that we understand law as a method of analyzing human decision making and behavior when humans interact, and it implies that the goal of the law is to recognize an assignment of rights and responsibilities that makes each person better off by requiring an actor to sometimes sacrifice the actor's individual interests for the sake of others so that others will sometime sacrifice their interests for the actor.
Lessons from and methods for surveying large areas with the Hubble Space Telescope

Although the imagers on the Hubble Space Telescope only provide fields of view of a few square arc minutes, the telescope has been extensively used to conduct large surveys. These range from relatively shallow mappings in a single filter, multi-filter and multi-epoch surveys, and a series of increasingly deep exposures in several carefully selected fields. HST has also conducted extensive “parallel” surveys either coordinated with a prime instrument (typically using two cameras together) or as “pure” parallel observations to capture images of areas on the sky selected by another science programs (typically spectroscopic observations). Recently, we have tested an approach permitting much faster mapping with the WFC3/IR detector under GYRO pointing control and avoiding the overhead associated with multiple target observations. This results in a four to eight fold increase in mapping speed (at the expense of shallower exposures). This approach enables 250-300 second exposures (reaching H~25 th magnitude) covering one square degree in 100 orbits.
From Rome to Tyre to London: Shakespeare’s Pericles, leadership, anti-absolutism, and English exceptionalism

Discussions on the nature of leadership—and, specifically, the nature of kingship or sovereignty—are ubiquitous to most historical overviews of leadership studies. This paper suggests that leadership studies would benefit from the use of complex literary and historical analyses, which can then be applied to aid in the understanding of appropriate modern-day corollaries. In particular, the paper presents an interrogation of Shakespeare’s late romance Pericles to examine how early moderns saw the development of proto-democratic ideals. In addition, this paper suggests that Pericles was an open critique of the Union between England and Scotland proposed by King James I in the early seventeenth century. To the early modern English, Union represented the abuse of royal prerogative and the potential loss of English national identity. Finally, the paper concludes by using Pericles and Union to examine the traditions and concerns facing the present-day United Kingdom in the immediate aftermath of the referendum t...
Prevalence and Electrocardiographic and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating From Intramural Foci in the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract.

Backgrounds— Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) sometimes require catheter ablation from both the endocardial and epicardial sides for their elimination, suggesting the presence of intramural VA foci. This study investigated the prevalence and electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of these idiopathic intramural LVOT VAs when compared with the idiopathic endocardial and epicardial LVOT VAs. Methods and Results— We studied 82 consecutive VAs with origins in the aortomitral continuity (n=30), LV summit (n=34), and intramural site (n=18). The maximum deflection index (the time to the maximum deflection in the precordial leads/QRS duration) was the largest in LV summit VAs (0.52±0.07), smallest in aortomitral continuity VAs (0.45±0.06), and midrange in intramural VAs (0.49±0.05). The electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of the intramural LVOT VAs were similar to those of the aortomitral continuity VAs. The intramural LVOT VAs exhibited a significantly smaller R-wave amplitude ratio in leads III to II, and ratio of the Q-wave amplitude in leads aVL to aVR, and a significantly earlier and later local ventricular activation time relative to the QRS onset at the His bundle and successful ablation sites than the LV summit VAs, respectively. Conclusions— Intramural sites account for a significant proportion of LVOT VAs. The electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of the idiopathic intramural LVOT VAs were midrange between those of the idiopathic endocardial and epicardial LVOT VAs, and more similar to those of the idiopathic endocardial LVOT VAs than those of the idiopathic epicardial LVOT VAs.
Task complexity: Content versus Process and Its Relationship with Employee Creativity

This study investigated how and the extent to which different dimensions of task complexity impact creativity. We tested our hypotheses by collecting the data from 241 employee-peer dyads in Korean...
System-On-Chip technology-based on-the-fly audio data acquisition, monitoring and displaying system using FPGA

Data monitoring can be defined as signals and waveforms capturing and processing to obtain desired information. Prior to data monitoring, a data acquisition component may be applied. The data acquisition component utilizes sensors that convert any measurement parameter to an electrical signal, which can be monitored and displayed into a display module. Displaying data on the field on-the-fly is needed in many applications. In this research, a novel reconfigurable system design and implementation are proposed using system-on-chip technology. This proposed system is responsible for real-time varying audio data acquisition, analog to digital conversion, processing the digital data, and displaying the data into a display module.
Using evaluability assessment to improve program evaluation for the Blue-throated Macaw Environmental Education Project in Bolivia

ABSTRACTAn evaluability assessment of a program to save a critically endangered bird helped prepare the Blue-throated Macaw Environmental Education Project for evaluation and program improvement. The evaluability assessment facilitated agreement among key stakeholders on evaluation criteria and intended uses of evaluation information in order to maximize the utility of an evaluation. Developing a logic model and other activities helped stakeholders agree on program objectives, program description, evaluation options, key evaluation questions, and an evaluation plan. Conducting this low-cost exploratory evaluation exercise before an actual program evaluation is a good strategy to improve program implementation quality and to wisely allocate evaluation resources, particularly for programs with limited budget, staff, or expertise.
Adaptation of Chemoattractant Elicited Responses in Dictyostelium Discoideum

During the developmental phase of the Dictyostelium life cycle, up to 106 unicellular amoebae undergo aggregation to produce a multicellular structure. Aggregation is initiated by pulses of cAMP secreted by cells in the center of a territory. Surrounding cells respond by migrating up the concentration gradient toward the aggregation center and concomitantly synthesizing and secreting additional cAMP. Maximal synthesis of cAMP occurs within a few minutes of stimulation, then the rate rapidly declines due to desensitization. Extracellular phosphodiesterase degrades the secreted cAMP, and the cells subsequently resensitize, or regain the ability to be stimulated. In this way, waves of cAMP are propagated throughout the population, resulting in orderly chemotactic aggregation (Devreotes, 1982). The natural waves or oscillations are also essential for the expression of many developmentally regulated genes (Devreotes, 1982). Adaptation and subsequent resensitization of cAMP-induced processes are thus essential for multiple facets of development in this organism.
To accept or not to accept a job offer: Examining inaction inertia in an organizational context

The purpose of this research was to investigate inaction inertia in a job offer context. Across two studies, we examined the influence of two situational factors (Study 1) and one dispositional factor (Study 2) on inaction inertia in a job offer context. Participants were asked to imagine they had to pass up an initial offer in which they were interested, but that they received a similar but less attractive offer (lower salary) later. Study 1 findings revealed participants in the loss-framed condition were more likely to accept the second offer than participants in the neutral condition only when they were asked to imagine they were switching careers, versus being laid off. Study 2 results showed that maximizing tendency significantly and negatively predicted the likelihood to accept the second job offer. Exploratory analyses revealed that anticipated regret did not mediate the relationships between any of the factors and inaction inertia, suggesting that anticipated regret was not the causal mechanism underlying the occurrence of inaction inertia in the current research. Overall, this research shed light on the ways inaction inertia may be experienced in a job offer context.
Molecular cancer targeting and diagnostics using plasmonic gold nanoparticles

A22 With the tremendous advances of nanotechnology in the past decade, a variety of nanostructures have emerged with novel properties that are suitable for biological and biomedical applications, most notable amongst these being metallic nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles exhibit strongly enhanced optical properties due to the surface plasmon resonance rendering them ideal in cancer diagnostics and therapy. In the present work, molecular diagnostics of cancer is studied using surface plasmon resonance light scattering imaging and surface enhanced Raman spectra of adsorbed species. Gold nanorods are chemically functionalized with two molecular cancer probes: RGD peptide for the targeting of integrin and folate for the targeting of the folate receptors. The cancer probe functionalized gold nanorods suspended in the cell growth medium are incubated with one normal cell line (HaCat, human keratinocyte) and one cancer cell line (HSC3, human oral squamous cell carcinoma). The nanoparticle location is tracked by dark field light scattering imaging. The results show that the nanoparticle functionalized with RGD peptide are accumulated at the cytoplasm membrane within 30 mins and followed by accumulation of more nanoparticles on the membrane with increasing time, and obvious accumulation inside cytoplasm after 2h. The normal and cancer cells show difference of the nanoparticle location indicating the integrin difference between the cancer and normal cells. The nanoparticles functionalized with folate molecules are only accumulated on the cancer cells within 2h indicating the overexpression of folate receptor on the cancer cells. The surface enhanced Raman spectra of both normal and cancer cells treated with the two types of probe-functionalized gold nanorods are followed at different time. It is found that Raman bands are different between the two cells lines and different at different time for the same cell line, indicating the difference of the cancer markers and the difference of the path of the molecular probes to the normal and cancer cells.
Who's Afraid of the Big Black Man?

This article is on the experiences of big Black men in both their personal and professional lives. Black men are often perceived as being aggressive, violent, and physically larger than their White...
Use of Tubular Retractor for Resection of Colloid Cysts: Single Surgeon Experience and Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND Colloid cysts are challenging lesions to access. Various surgical approaches are utilized which all require brain retraction, creating focal pressure, local trauma, and potentially surgical morbidity. Recently, tubular retractors have been developed that reduce retraction pressure by distributing it radially. Such retractors may be beneficial in colloid cyst resection. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively review a single neurosurgeon's case series, as well as the literature, to determine the efficacy and safety profile of transtubular colloid cyst resections. We also aim to describe our operative technique for this approach. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of colloid cyst resections using either ViewSite Brain Access System (Vycor Medical, Boca Raton, Florida) or BrainPath (NICO, Indianapolis, Indiana) tubular retractors performed by a single neurosurgeon from 2015 to 2017 (n = 10). A literature review was performed to find all published cases of transtubular colloid cyst resections. RESULTS Gross total resection was achieved in all patients. Early neurologic deficit rate was 10% (n = 1), and permanent neurologic deficit rate was 0%. There were no postoperative seizures or venous injuries. Average hospital stay was 2.0 d. There was no evidence of recurrence at average follow-up length of 13.6 mo. A literature review demonstrated nine studies (n = 77) with an overall complication rate of 7.8%. CONCLUSION Tubular retractors offer an attractive surgical corridor for colloid cyst resections, avoiding much of the morbidity of interhemispheric approaches, while minimizing damage to normal cortex. There were no permanent complications in our series of ten cases, and a literature review found a similarly benign safety profile.
Economics‐based Principles for a Post‐conflict China–US Commercial Regime

Neither the Chinese nor US economic systems will fundamentally change as a result of overt trade conflict. The challenge for policy‐relevant economics is to design a regime for China–US commerce that accepts the co‐existence but also addresses underlying disputes. Many important China–US disputes, notably those over intellectual property protection and state subsidies, cannot be resolved by the World Trade Organization, thus new institutions must be built. Economics‐based regime principles should entail recognition that: the China–US bilateral trade imbalance is unique mainly because of macroeconomic and financial factors, not trade; agreements should restrict commercial and government behaviors, not target economic outcomes; Chinese companies must compete and be allowed to succeed in any sector, including high‐technology; China is not entitled to US‐owned technology, thus intellectual property rights must be enforced; and the US Government should support an increased role for China in global economic governance.
Predicting individualized post-operative survival for colorectal cancer using a new mobile application derived from the National Cancer Database.

3556 Background: For patients treated with surgery for colorectal cancer, prediction calculators can estimate post-operative survival and assist in the decision making process for adjuvant treatmen...
Abstract 3346: The role of insurance on mammogram adherence among Latina ethnicity and citizenship status

Introduction: Cancer screening researchers have long observed that Latinas are less likely to be mammogram adherent, but little is understood how this varies by citizenship status. Methods: Logistic regression analysis. The sample size was weighed according to CDC specifications. There were 1002 latina women in the sample. The 2016 National Health Interview Survey was utilized. Results: Compared to naturalized Latina women, both U.S. citizen and non-citizen Latina women are less likely to be mammogram adherent (p Findings: Cancer screening researchers benefit from disaggregating Latina ethnicity by citizenship status to develop more tailored interventions regarding mammogram adherence in this population. This study points to the need for policy makers to advocate for Latina populations impacted by insurance coverage disparities. Citation Format: Roman B. Johnson, Sejong Bae. The role of insurance on mammogram adherence among Latina ethnicity and citizenship status [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3346.
Higher Coated-Platelet Levels in Acute Stroke are Associated with Lower Cognitive Scores at Three Months Post Infarction.

Abstract Background: Coated-platelets are a subset of highly procoagulant platelets observed after dual agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin. Coated-platelet levels are increased in acute stroke compared to controls, and higher levels are associated with stroke recurrence. We examined whether coated-platelet levels measured at the time of the stroke correlate with cognitive scores at 3 months following the brain infarction. Methods: Coated-platelets were assayed in consecutive patients with nonlacunar stroke. Cognitive screening was performed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 3 months after discharge. Linear regression, with adjustment for individual covariates, was used to model the association between coated-platelet levels and MMSE scores. Results: One hundred and twenty-eight patients with a mean MMSE score of 26 points (range 14-30, standard deviation [SD] 3.1) and mean coated-platelet levels of 40.9% (range 5.2-76.2, SD 13.3), completed cognitive screening. An inverse linear association was found between coated-platelet levels and MMSE score, with higher levels seen in patients with lower MMSE scores (r = −.34, R2 = .12, P
A loophole of retreat? Predominately White institutions as paradoxical spaces for high achieving African American women

High achieving Black female students attending predominately-White institutions (PWIs) are stereotyped as being strong willed and celebrated for their resilience. On the surface, these narratives s...
Simulation of mixed-oxide and low-enriched uranium fuel burnup in a pressurized water reactor and validation against destructive analysis results

This work examines the capabilities of simulation codes to predict the concentration of nuclides in spent reactor fuel, in particular mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel, via comparisons with destructive radioc...
167-MHz AlN Capacitive-Piezoelectric Oscillator

This work constitutes a first demonstration of a closed-loop oscillator referenced to a 20.4-µm-radius high-Q ra-dial-contour mode AlN capacitive-piezoelectric resonator that posts a measured phase noise of -87 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset from its 167.3-MHz carrier while consuming only 173 µW to achieve an oscillator Figure of Merit (FoM) of -199.1 dBc/Hz. The key enablers of this demonstration are the 200-nm and 125-nm top and bottom electrode-to-resonator gaps, respectively, that define this resonator type and that not only enable high $Q$ by eliminating elec-trode-to-resonator strain loss but are also small enough to retain high electric fields within the AlN that provide 0.3% electromechanical coupling sufficient for self-sustained oscillation in a Pierce circuit using very little power drain.