cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Malerisaurus langstoni, a new diapsid reptile from the Triassic of Texas

ABSTRACT A new diapsid reptile, Malerisaurus langstoni, n.sp., from the Late Triassic Dockum Formation of Texas, was a small, gracile, long-necked animal similar to modern bipedal lizards in size, proportions, and inferred activities. The skull is diapsid with an incomplete lower temporal arcade and a fixed quadrate. A similar configuration of the cheek region is known in many long-necked Permo-Triassic protorosaurs (= Prolacertiformes) that paralleled the squamates in the loss of lower temporal bar without any phyletic relationships to the latter group. The protorosaurs were very successful during the Permo–Triassic period, being recorded from all continents except South America. The number of neck vertebrae and its length are diagnostic characters for classifying the two families of protorosaurs. The family Protorosauridae (including Protorosaurus, Prolacerta, Kadimakara, Macrocnemus, Malerisaurus and the unnamed Yerrapalli form) has a moderately long neck, with 8 vertebrae. The family Tanystropheidae (...
Halogenated Mazindol Analogs as Potential Inhibitors of the Cocaine Binding Site at the Dopamine Transporter

A series of halogenated (F, Cl, Br, I), pyrimido and diazepino homologs of mazindol were prepared and evaluated for their ability to displace [3H]WIN 35,428 binding and to inhibit uptake of [3H]dop...
Environmental and genetic influences on flight metabolic rate in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Abstract Flying honey bees demonstrate highly variable metabolic rates. The lowest reported values (approximately 0.3 W g −1 ) occur in tethered bees generating the minimum lift to support their body weight, free-flying 2-day old bees, winter bees, or bees flying at high air temperatures (45 °C). The highest values (approximately 0.8 W g −1 ) occur in foragers that are heavily loaded or flying in low-density air. In different studies, flight metabolic rate has increased, decreased, or remained constant with air temperature. Current research collectively suggests that this variation occurs because flight metabolic rates decrease at thorax temperatures above or below 38 °C. At 30 °C, approximately 30% of colonial energy is spent during typical foraging, so variation in flight metabolic rate can strongly affect colony-level energy balance. Higher air temperatures tend to increase colonial net gain rates, efficiencies and honey storage rates due to lower metabolic rates during flight and in the hive. Variation in flight metabolism has a clear genetic basis. Different genetic strains of honey bees often differ in flight metabolic rate, and these differences in flight physiology can be correlated with foraging effort, suggesting a possible pathway for selection effects on flight metabolism.
In vitro folding of a membrane protein: Effect of denaturation and renaturation on substrate binding by the lactose permease of Escherichia coli

Site-directed mutagenesis and site-directed fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrate that Cys148 interacts hydrophobically with the galactosyl moiety of substrates of the lactose permease of Escherichia coli. By taking advantage of the finding that labelling of single-Cys148 permease with the thiol-specific fluorophore 2-(4-maleimidylanilino) naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (MIANS) is blocked specifically by substrates of the permease, it is demonstrated that the high-affinity ligand β, D-galactopyrano-syl 1-thio-β, D-galactopyranoside (TDG) stabilizes solu-biked, puirified permease against heat denaturation. Furthermore, TDG protection against MIANS labelling of single-Cys148 permease is abolished by guanidinium hydrochloride. After dialysis of the denaturant, TDG protection against MIANS labelling is recovered, indicating that the permease has been refolded. The conclusion is confirmed and extended by studying site-directed fluorescence of purified single-Cys331 permease, where the emission spectrum of the MIA...
The optimal approach to the patient with oxalosis

There are many challenges in oxalosis, including prompt, clinical recognition of this inborn error of metabolism, management of its many medical problems, provision of adequate care at end-stage kidney disease, and optimizing both the timing and results of liver and kidney allografts. This review provides a framework for the interested clinician to understand the many problems, and to begin to assimilate knowledge about an increasingly recognized, metabolic disorder. It ends with potential, innovative therapies that are not yet at the patient's bedside.
Epitaxial Thin-Film Deposition and Dielectric Properties of the Perovskite Oxynitride BaTaO2N

Pulsed-laser deposition was employed to grow epitaxial thin films of the oxynitride perovskite BaTaO2N on a conducting SrRuO3 buffer layer deposited on a 100-cut SrTiO3 single-crystal substrate. Phase purity and epitaxy were optimized at a substrate temperature of 760 °C in a mixed gas atmosphere of 100 mTorr N2/O2 (∼20:1). The dielectric permittivity, κ, of the BaTaO2N film was large, exhibiting a slight frequency dependence ranging from about 200 to 240 over the frequency range 1−100 kHz. Furthermore, over the temperature range 4−300 K the permittivity showed minimal variation as a function of temperature. The temperature coefficient of the dielectric constant, τκ, is estimated to be in the range of −50 to −100 ppm/K. The coexistence of high dielectric permittivity and weak temperature dependence is an unusual combination in a single-phase material.
Viral oncoprotein-induced mislocalization of select PDZ proteins disrupts tight junctions and causes polarity defects in epithelial cells

The development of human cancers is frequently associated with a failure of epithelial cells to form tight junctions and to establish proper apicobasal polarity. Interestingly, the oncogenic potential of the adenovirus E4-ORF1 protein correlates with its binding to the cellular PDZ proteins MUPP1, MAGI-1, ZO-2 and SAP97, the first three of which assemble protein complexes at tight junctions. Given that E4-ORF1 sequesters these three PDZ proteins in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts, we postulated that E4-ORF1 would inhibit tight junction formation in epithelial cells. Providing further support for this idea, we identified MUPP1-related PATJ, a key component of the tight junction-associated CRB3-PALS1-PATJ polarity complex, as a new PDZ-protein target for both the E4-ORF1 and high-risk human papillomavirus type 18 E6 oncoproteins. Moreover, in epithelial cells, E4-ORF1 blocked the tight junction localization of PATJ and ZO-2, as well as their interacting partners, and disrupted both the tight junction barrier and apicobasal polarity. These significant findings expose a direct link between the tumorigenic potential of E4-ORF1 and inactivation of cellular PDZ proteins involved in tight junction assembly and polarity establishment.
Proximity and Orientation Sensing Using Magnetoquasistatic Fields and Complex Image Theory

A sensing technique to determine the height and orientation (pitch, roll) above a conducting half-space using magnetoquasistatic fields and complex image theory is presented. The technique is based on measuring the fields due to the complex image of a magnetic dipole source at different locations. Examples for use of this sensor include applications as diverse as aerial vehicle landing, take-off and hovering, terrain-relative navigation, and motion sensing or tracking.
CNS Expression of B7-H1 Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Alters Severity of Theiler's Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease

The CNS is a unique organ due to its limited capacity for immune surveillance. As macrophages of the CNS, microglia represent a population originally known for the ability to assist neuronal stability, are now appreciated for their role in initiating and regulating immune responses in the brain. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In response to TMEV infection in vitro, microglia produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and are efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for activating CD4+ T cells. However, the regulatory function of microglia and other CNS-infiltrating APCs in response to TMEV in vivo remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that microglia increase expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and phenotypically express high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-Class I and II in response to acute infection with TMEV in SJL/J mice. Microglia increase expression of the inhibitory co-stimulatory molecule, B7-H1 as early as day 5 post-infection, while CNS-infiltrating CD11b+CD11c−CD45HIGH monocytes/macrophages and CD11b+CD11c+CD45HIGH dendritic cells upregulate expression of B7-H1 by day 3 post-infection. Utilizing a neutralizing antibody, we demonstrate that B7-H1 negatively regulates TMEV-specific ex vivo production of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, and IL-2 from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In vivo blockade of B7-H1 in SJL/J mice significantly exacerbates clinical disease symptoms during the chronic autoimmune stage of TMEV-IDD, but only has minimal effects on viral clearance. Collectively, these results suggest that CNS expression of B7-H1 regulates activation of TMEV-specific T cells, which affects protection against TMEV-IDD.
Role of object-contact cues in learning-set formation in squirrel monkeys.

In studies of primate object discrimination learning it has been common procedure for animals to view and manually push aside the object of their choice on a given trial, thus permitcing access to the underlying food-well. Common household objeccs and toys have served as ready sources of varied stereometric objects with which to make long series of object discrimination problems characceristic of learning-set (LS) studies. The many dimensions of difference becween these objects make available co S a wide variery of cues for learning the discriminations. The objeccs of a given problem might differ not only with regard to a variety of visual cues, such as color, size, brightness, but with regard to a variety of cues arising from manual object concacr as well. The response of pushing aside objects might give rise co different kinesthetic cues according to the objects' sizes and configurations. Tactual sensations arising from couching the objects of one problem pair might be considerably unlike chose of the nexc pair. These rnacters gave rise to speculation as to the effect incurred upon LS formation as the cues normally arising from manual object contact are experimentally varied. The main question considered was: Given a series of discrimination problems in which visual discrimination of objects is possible, will the reduction of cues normally associated with manually contacting problem objeccs reduce rate of LS formation? It was predicted that it would reduce rate of LS formation, for reduction or exclusion of these cues would reduce the dimensions of object distinctiveness which could serve to permit reliable choices from trial to trial within a given problem.
Script-fading improves verbal initiations in three young children with autism spectrum disorder during play with their parents

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Reagon, K. A. & Higbee, T. S. (2009). Parent-implemented script fading to promote play-based verbal initiations in children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42, 659–664. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: No source of funding reported, and no conflicts of interest reported by the original authors of this research.
Vendor-assisted e-selection and online ordering: optimal conditions

In response to demands from libraries, a number of library materials vendors have converted their in-house working databases into e-selection and online ordering tools for their customers. Some libraries have embraced these new sources to select titles and then export bibliographic, ordering, and invoice records into their automated acquisitions systems. These libraries have integrated the use of the vendor databases (e.g., GOBI, Collection Manager, Otto-Editions, I libri) into their daily selection and ordering operations. This article will address the forces behind this new approach, some results, the benefits, implications, trade-offs, and optimal conditions for success of this acquisition method. The authors will assess these issues through a more in-depth examination of the experiences at the University of North Carolina Academic Affairs Library and at the University of Chicago Libraries as well as findings in the literature.
Utility of MR imaging in cat-scratch neuroretinitis

About 80% of cat-scratch disease (CSD) infections occur in children, and CSD neuroretinitis (optic neuropathy with retinal exudates in a “macular star” pattern) mostly occurs in children and young adults. A recent study suggested that CSD optic neuropathy has specific features on MR imaging. However, MR imaging findings in CSD neuroretinitis are not well described in the pediatric literature. We present a patient with CSD neuroretinitis in whom these specific MR imaging features preceded the macular star, a funduscopic finding strongly suggestive of neuroretinitis. This case demonstrates how knowledge of these features is important in the appropriate diagnostic work-up of optic neuropathy. MR imaging also incidentally revealed neuritis of another cranial nerve in the auditory canal—a rare manifestation of CSD.
STATs as activators of apoptosis

STATs are a family of transcription factors that are activated in a ligand-dependent manner and promote the rapid induction of genes. They achieve this by directly transducing signals from the receptor into the nucleus. Consistent with their co-evolution with the cytokine family of ligands, studies have determined that STATs play a pivotal role in mediating the biological response for this family of ligands. However, STATs appear to have a dark side as well and contribute to programmed cell death. Intriguingly, a recent study suggests that this might occur in a manner that is distinct from the standard STAT signalling paradigm.
Expanding queries to incomplete databases by interpolating general logic programs

Abstract In databases, queries are usually defined on complete databases. In this paper we introduce and motivate the notion of extended queries that are defined on incomplete databases. We argue that the language of extended logic program is appropriate for representing extended queries. We show through examples that given a query, a particular extension of it has important characteristics which corresponds to removal of the CWA from the original specification of the query. We refer to this particular extension as the expansion of the original query. Normally queries are expressed as general logic programs. We develop an algorithm that given a general logic program (satisfying certain syntactic properties) expressing a query constructs an extended logic program that expresses the expanded query. The extended logic program is referred to as the interpolation of the given general logic program.
Some experiments with a run length control for simulations on PCs

This paper describes an implementation and the performance of a new confidence interval estimation technique that determines how long a simulation should be run to produce results that satisfy a relative precision criterion. This technique also identifies initial transients and ignores transient data points when determining run length. It has been implemented for use with personal computers (PCs) and four different models are used to demonstrate the performance of the procedure.
Agonistic behaviour of the stone crab, Menippe mercenaria (Say)

Abstract Two-act sequence analysis was used to analyse the intraspecific agonistic behaviour of the stone crab, Menippe mercenaria . Eight acts observed were displays with communicatory value because the behaviour of the recipient crab was altered following their performance. In 96 per cent of the trials, one individual established dominance, usually by means of visual or low-intensity tactile displays. Fights with extensive bilateral aggression were infrequent. These results indicate a relatively high degree of ritualization. Dominance was correlated with larger size, the male sex, and prior possession of a burrow. Interactions between animals of different sizes or of different sexes were characterized by a lower frequency of fights than encounters between animals of similar size or of the same sex.
The receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPμ interacts with IQGAP1

Abstract The receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPμ is a member of the Ig superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. The extracellular domain of PTPμ contains motifs commonly found in cell adhesion molecules. The intracellular domain of PTPμ contains two conserved catalytic domains, only the membrane-proximal domain has catalytic activity. The unique features of PTPμ make it an attractive molecule to transduce signals upon cell-cell contact. PTPμ has been shown to regulate cadherin-mediated cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and axon guidance. Protein kinase C is a component of the PTPμ signaling pathway utilized to regulate these events. To aid in the further characterization of PTPμ signaling pathways, we used a series of GST-PTPμ fusion proteins, including catalytically inactive and substrate trapping mutants, to identify PTPμ-interacting proteins. We identified IQGAP1, a known regulator of the Rho GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1, as a novel PTPμ-interacting protein. We show that this interaction is due to direct binding. In addition, we demonstrate that amino acid residues 765-958 of PTPμ, which include the juxtamembrane domain and 35 residues of the first phosphatase domain, mediate the binding to IQGAP1. Furthermore, we demonstrate that constitutively active Cdc42, and to a lesser extent Rac1, enhances the interaction of PTPμ and IQGAP1. These data indicate PTPμ may regulate Rho-GTPase-dependent functions of IQGAP1 and suggest that IQGAP1 is a component of the PTPμ signaling pathway. In support of this, we show that a peptide that competes IQGAP1 binding to Rho GTPases blocks PTPμ-mediated neurite outgrowth.
Oral glutamine reduces bacterial translocation following abdominal radiation.

The effect of dietary glutamine on bacterial translocation was studied in rats following administration of a single dose of abdominal radiation (1000 rad) that causes a reproducible mucosal injury and results in a high incidence of culture-positive mesenteric lymph nodes after radiation (XRT). Following XRT, rats received only the amino acid glutamine (3%, +GLN) in their drinking water or a control nonessential amino acid (glycine, −GLN). Diets were isonitrogenous and isovolumetric. Four days after XRT, rats were anesthetized and a laparotomy was performed. Mesenteric lymph nodes were sterilely excised and cultured. Arterial blood was also obtained for whole blood glutamine determination. Control rats received no XRT but received identical diets. In XRT rats who received the GLN-free diet, the incidence of culture positive mesenteric lymph nodes was 89% (eight of nine rats) while in the radiated rats receiving the GLN-enriched diet, the incidence fell to 20% (P < 0.05). In non-radiated control rats receiving GLN-enriched and GLN-depleted diets for 4 days, bacterial translocation occurred in zero of eight and one of eight rats, respectively (NS). Provision of glutamine to XRT rats resulted in higher blood levels of glutamine (408 ± 25 μM in XRT +GLN vs 311 ± 19 μM in XRT −GLN, P < 0.05). In addition, provision of GLN maintained mucosal mass and reduced weight loss (P < 0.05). The data lend further support to the hypothesis that glutamine helps maintain the gut mucosal barrier and thereby decreases the incidence of bacterial translocation following bowel injury. The possible mechanisms by which glutamine may reduce the incidence of culture-positive mesenteric lymph nodes following abdominal XRT are discussed.
Cytoplasmic dissolution of phagocytized crystalline nickel sulfide particles: a prerequisite for nuclear uptake of nickel.

The intraceliular fate of particulate crystalline αNiS, an inducer of neoplastic transformation which is readily phagocytized by cultured cells, was compared with that of particulate amorphous NiS, which does not have these properties. Amorphous and crystalline NiS both dissolve slowly in complete medium; phagocytized αNiS particles remain in the cytoplasm, where they dissolve more rapidly than extracellular particles. Thus the selective phagocytosis of aNiS accounts for both high intraceliular particle accumulation and high levels of soluble Ni relative to the surrounding medium. Since phagocytized aNiS particles do not enter the nucleus, dissolution in the cytoplasm may represent an activation step in carcinogenesis, forming soluble Ni which diffuses into the nucleus. Dissolution products from phagocytized aNiS were detected in subcellular fractions isolated from treated cells; the highest levels were found in the nuclei, mitochondria, and lysosomes. That the Ni in the subcellular fractions was dissolve...
Ssu72 Is an RNA Polymerase II CTD Phosphatase

Phosphorylation of serine-2 (S2) and serine-5 (S5) of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) is a dynamic process that regulates the transcription cycle and coordinates recruitment of RNA processing factors. The Fcp1 CTD phosphatase catalyzes dephosphorylation of S2-P. Here, we report that Ssu72, a component of the yeast cleavage/polyadenylation factor (CPF) complex, is a CTD phosphatase with specificity for S5-P. Ssu72 catalyzes CTD S5-P dephosphorylation in association with the Pta1 component of the CPF complex, although its essential role in 3' end processing is independent of catalytic activity. Depletion of Ssu72 impairs transcription in vitro, and this defect can be rescued by recombinant, catalytically active Ssu72. We propose that Ssu72 has a dual role in transcription, one as a CTD S5-P phosphatase that regenerates the initiation-competent, hypophosphorylated form of RNAP II and the other as a factor necessary for cleavage of pre-mRNA and efficient transcription termination.
Intravenous and Oral Corticosteroids for the Prevention of Relapse after Treatment of Decompensated COPD: Effect on Patients with a History of Multiple Relapses

To determine if a regimen of intravenous and oral corticosteroids reduces the relapse rate after treatment of decompensated COPD in the ED, 30 patients were studied. Forty-five visits in which intravenous and oral corticosteroids were given (T visits) were compared with an equal number of matched visits in which they were withheld (N visits). No differences were noted between T and N visits with respect to clinical findings, laboratory results and other forms of therapy. Treatment with corticosteroids reduced the relapse rate within 24 h of discharge. At 48 h, the cumulative relapse rate for T visits (8.9 percent) was significantly lower than for N visits (33.3 percent; p = 0.005). For patients with a history of multiple relapses, a regimen consisting of intravenous and oral corticosteroids reduces the risk of relapse after ED treatment of decompensated COPD.
Theory of continuous-wave excitation of the sodium beacon

We extend our previous analysis of the sodium beacon [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A15, 217 (1998)] to the case of continuous-wave excitation. Various effects that could be ignored in the case of pulsed excitation, such as the geomagnetic field, the recoil of the sodium atoms upon absorption and emission, and collisions of the sodium atoms with other mesospheric species, are included. Spin-relaxation collisions are among the most important of these effects for the cases considered. Analytical approximations to numerical results are presented, and using a semi-empirical estimate for Na-O2 spin relaxation, we compute photon returns in good agreement with recently reported measurements at the Steward Observatory.
Factors relating to late sudden death in patients having aortic valve replacement.

Abstract The preoperative and postoperative characteristics of a group of 16 patients who died unexpectedly and a control group of 52 late survivors with aortic protheses are reviewed. There were no preoperative differences between the groups for duration of congestive heart failure, electrocardiographic findings, cardiothoracic ratio, or hemodynamic findings. However, on the standard electrocardiogram postoperatively, there were more ventricular arrhythmias in the patients who died suddenly (7 of 16 or 44%) compared with the survivors (5 of 49 or 10%) ( p p
Wellness assistant: a virtual wellness assistant using pervasive computing

The number of people over age 65 will almost double by 2030 and as they age, they generally prefer to remain in their home or go to a nursing home. There are a variety of reasons for their decision, such as convenience or a need for security or privacy. So, it is time to break through the physical boundaries of hospitals, and bring the hospital information to the homes of the elderly rather than bringing elderly folks to the hospital. Despite growing requests by people to be able to take a more active part in managing their own health, wireless or internet-based healthcare devices have not been accepted for use in this area. This is probably due to the reluctance of this age group to make use of new technology, as well as the lack of reliable, individualized, or user friendly interfaces. In this paper, we discuss the challenges of developing Wellness Assistant (WA), software which is looking to solve some of these problems. The Assistant will use pervasive computing technologies because of the availability of inexpensive handheld devices such as PDAs, cell phones, and wrist watches with short range wireless capabilities. The WA can also be used by people with obesity, diabetes, or high blood pressure, conditions which need constant monitoring.
A quantile approach to the power transformed location-scale model

The burgeoning growth of health care spending has become a major concern to policy makers, making the modeling of health care expenditure valuable in their decision-making processes. The challenges of health care expenditure analysis are two-fold: the exceptional skewness of its distribution as the top 5% of the population accounted for almost half of all spending and its heteroscedasticity. To address these concerns, the quantile regression model with power transformation has been employed, but at a price of the model complexity and analysis cost. In this article, we introduce a simpler quantile approach to the analysis of expenditure data by employing the location-scale model with an unknown link function to accommodate the heteroscedastic data with non-ignorable outliers. Specifically, in our approach a link function does not depend on quantiles; yet, it effectively fits the data as the slope coefficient depends on the quantiles. This parsimonious feature of our model helps us conduct a more intuitive and easily understood analysis for the whole distribution with fewer computational steps. Thus, it can be more widely applicable in practice. Additionally, simulation studies are conducted to investigate the model performance compared to other competing models. Analysis of the 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data using our model shows that aging and self-rated health tend to drive up costs. However, uninsured persons do not contribute to the high health cost. These findings suggest that careful monitoring of elderly's health status and a more aggressive preventive medicare system may contribute to slow down the explosion of medical costs.
What do we really know about allografts

The use of allografts in sports medicine is becoming increasingly popular, and, therefore, this issue of Clinics in Sports Medicine is dedicated to the use of allografts in sports medicine. The majority of indications are related to the use of soft tissue grafts for ligament reconstruction, osteochondral (OC) allografts for articular surface reconstruction, and meniscal allografts for meniscal transplantation. There is an increasing amount of science and literature dealing with healing and outcomes, but many questions still remain. There are a number of issues, controversies, and lack of long-term outcomes to make definitive statements on what is really known about allograft use in sports medicine.
Far infrared emission spectrum of the OH radical

Abstract The far infrared spectrum of a hydrogen-oxygen premixed flame has been observed in spontaneous emission between 50 and 375 cm−1 at a resolution of 0.15 cm−1 using a Fourier transform Michelson interferometer equipped with a liquid He-cooled bolometer. The spectrum consists of the pure rotational emission of H2O in its ground and vibrationally excited states and of OH in its ground state (X2Π, v = 0). Using the well-known dipole moments and rotational constants of OH and H2O, the relative abundance of these two molecules in the flame has been obtained directly from their relative emission intensity. The OH radical is present in an abundance approximately 5.5% that of H2O.
Features to consider when selecting new PET/CT systems.

PET combined with CT is the primary modality for the detection and staging of a wide range of malignancies. It provides superior evaluation of myocardial perfusion and viability and is increasingly being used in radiation therapy treatment planning [1-5]. In this article, he current array of products availble in the marketplace are reiewed. Each vendor offers multile products and options that have dvantages to target a specific linical application that the system s intended to service. Although it is eyond the scope of this article to rovide details about facility design equirements, for those new to PET maging, it is important to realize hat imaging with PET radiopharaceuticals often requires substantial dditional shielding and that PET ersonnel generally have higher radition exposure levels [6]. Planning or a PET facility must address these
TECHNICAL BASIS AND PROPOSAL FOR DERIVING SEDIMENT QUALITY CRITERIA FOR METALS

In developing sediment quality criteria (SQC) for metals, it is essential that bioavailability be a prime consideration. Different studies have shown that while dry weight metal concentrations in sediments are not predictive of bioavailability, metal concentrations in interstitial (pore) water are correlated with observed biological effects. A key partitioning phase controlling cationic metal activity and toxicity in the sediment-interstitial water system is acid-volatile sulfide (AVS). Acid-volatile sulfide binds, on a mole-to-mole basis, a number of cationic metals of environmental concern (cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc) forming insoluble sulfide complexes with minimal biological availability. Short-term (10-d) laboratory studies with a variety of marine and freshwater benthic organisms have demonstrated that when AVS concentrations in spiked or field-collected sediments exceed those of metals simultaneously extracted with the AVS, interstitial water metal concentrations remain below those predicted to cause effects, and toxicity does not occur. Similar observations have been made in life-cycle laboratory toxicity tests with amphipods and chironomids in marine and freshwater sediments spiked with cadmium and zinc, respectively. In addition, field colonization experiments, varying in length from several months to more than 1 year, with cadmium- or zinc-spiked freshwater and marine sediments, have demonstrated a lack of biological effects when theremore » is sufficient AVS to limit interstitial water metal concentrations. These studies on metal bioavailability and toxicity in sediments serve as the basis for proposed SQC for the metals cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc.« less
CONTROLLING CHAOS IN CHUA'S CIRCUIT

The occasional proportional feedback (OPF) control technique has been successful in stabilizing periodic orbits in both periodically driven and autonomous systems undergoing chaotic behavior. By applying this technique to the well-known Chua's circuit, we are able to control a variety of periodic orbits including single-correction, low-period orbits and multiple-correction, high-period orbits. Also, by employing two control circuits, we are able to stabilize orbits that visit both regions of Chua's circuit's double-scroll attractor, applying corrections in each of these regions during a single orbit.
"A coarse and clumsy tool": Helen Thompson Woolley and the Cincinnati Vocation Bureau.

From 1911 to 1921, Helen Thompson Wooley served as director of the Vocation Bureau of the Cincinnati Public Schools. In this position she designed and supervised a massive longitudinal study comparing the development of adolescents who remained in school with those who left school to go to work. Although the original goals of this study were not accomplished, the achievements of the Vocation Bureau brought national recognition to the city and to Helen Wooley. The accomplishments of the bureau reflected Wooley's view of the role of experimental psychology in contributing to the scientific understanding of adolescents and to educational and social reforms.
Malnourished children in refugee camps and lack of connection with services after US resettlement.

Identifying and addressing malnutrition among US-bound refugee children is an important human rights issue. Failure to address childhood malnutrition can impair cognitive development and productivity. The target population was children aged 6–59 months, originating from eight countries representing 51 % of US-resettled refugees for 2005–2011, living in 22 camps prior to potential US-resettlement. The corresponding camp-level nutritional survey data were evaluated. State Refugee Health Coordinators were surveyed on nutritional assessment, reporting and referrals for their US-refugee medical screenings. From 2004 to 2010, half of the camps (63 total surveys) had global acute malnutrition prevalence over 15 % at least once (surveys not done annually) and anemia prevalence greater than 40 %. The majority of US-refugee medical screenings included height and weight measurements but few used national or WHO standards to evaluate presence or level of malnutrition. Improve overseas camp monitoring and link these nutritional data to US-resettling refugee children to inform potential nutritional interventions. Domestically, use WHO or US growth standards for anthropometrics to determine presence of malnutrition and need for corrective action.
Induction of Leukemia-associated Inhibitory Activity and Bone Marrow Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cell Alterations during Infection with Abelson Virus

Neonatal and adult BALB/c mice were investigated in a longitudinal study for the acquisition of leukemia-associated inhibitory activity (LIA) interactions after inoculation with Abelson virus in vivo. Within 2 to 4 days after virus infection, the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells from the bone marrow and spleen of the infected mice became insensitive to inhibition by LIA, even though colony morphology appeared normal. Shortly after, or simultaneously with, the detection of the colony-forming cell resistance phenomenon, LIA was found in bone marrow, spleen, and thymus cells. The abnormal interactions appeared to be related to induction of lymphoma in BALB/c neonates and to a lymphoproliferative disease in adult BALB/c mice. In contrast, normal cellular interactions were noted in adult C57BL/6 mice which were not susceptible to the Abelson disease after virus inoculation and in untreated neonatal and adult BALB/c and adult C57BL/6 mice. Their colony-forming cells were sensitive to inhibition by LIA, and no LIA was detected in their bone marrow, spleen, and thymus cells. The abnormal cellular interactions are similar to those noted in human leukemia, lymphoma, and "preleukemia." This suggests that Abelson virus-infected mice can serve as a model for the study of LIA interactions.
The meaning of respect in romantic relationships among low-income African American adolescents

Although interpersonal respect is considered an important quality in successful romantic relationships, limited attention has been paid to this concept. We examined the meaning of respect in romantic relationships as conceptualized by low-income, sexually active, heterosexually identified, African American adolescents aged 15 to 17 (N = 50). Qualitative analysis revealed meanings of respect within the romantic dyad that could be divided into three broad themes: (a) performance of pro-social behaviors within the dyad, (b) inhibition of antisocial behaviors (e.g., violence), and (c) showing respect in the community, either through avoidance of situations that might embarrass one's romantic partner or performance of pro-social acts in public contexts (e.g., with friends or family). Gender, social class, and cultural differences in displays of respect and their interpersonal functions are discussed. A conceptual model is proposed both to understand the potential role that respect plays in adolescents' lives and relationships and as a guide for future study. Language: en
A simple measure of flow disorder and wall shear stress in phase contrast MRI.

A method for estimating the standard deviation of velocity within a voxel is proposed. This estimate is based on data collected using a phase-contrast MRI technique. Simulations are presented to characterize the estimate and in vivo data are shown. Several different uses of the estimate are proposed, including obtaining a measure of wall shear stress, aiding in data combination from different phase-contrast MRI datasets, and mitigation of flow void artifacts.
Proteomic analysis of Haloferax volcanii reveals salinity-mediated regulation of the stress response protein PspA.

A proteomic survey of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii was performed by comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in order to determine the molecular effects of salt stress on the organism. Cells were grown under optimal (2.1 M) and high (3.5 M) NaCl conditions. From this analysis, over 44 protein spots responsive to these conditions were detected. These spots were excised, digested in-gel with trypsin, subjected to QSTAR tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis, and identified by comparing the MS/MS-derived peptide sequence to that deduced from the H. volcanii genome. Approximately 40 % of the proteins detected (18 in total) displayed differential abundance based on the detection of at least two peptide fragments per protein and overall MOWSE scores of ≥75 per protein. All of these identified proteins were either uniquely present or 2.3- to 26-fold higher in abundance under one condition compared to the other. The majority of proteins identified in this study were preferentially displayed under optimal salinity and primarily involved in translation, transport and metabolism. However, one protein of interest whose transcript levels were confirmed in these studies to be upregulated under high salt conditions was identified as a homologue of the phage shock protein PspA. The pspA gene belongs to the psp stress-responsive regulon commonly found among Gram-negative bacteria where its transcription is stimulated by a wide variety of stressors, including heat shock, osmotic shock and prolonged stationary-phase incubation. Homologues of PspA are also found among the genomes of cyanobacteria, higher plants and other Archaea, suggesting that this protein may retain some aspects of functional conservation across the three domains of life. Given its integral role in sensing a variety of membrane stressors in bacteria, these results suggest that PspA may play an important role in hypersaline adaptation in H. volcanii.
Mechanical Properties of Plated Copper

Both electrodeposited and electroless copper are widely used in the electronics industry to form signal lines and plated-through holes in printed circuit cards and boards. Because of widely differing thermal expansion coefficients of copper and of the ceramic and polymeric substrates, large mechanical stresses develop in the metallization during thermal cycles, as e.g. during solder reflow. To safeguard against premature fracture it is imperative that the metallization is sufficiently ductile. Plated thin foil copper of poor ductility is known to be susceptible to cracks in plated-through holes which, besides causing problems in the manufacture, poses a threat to device reliability in service. In this paper we show that such cracks arise as a combination of reduced ductility due to presence of initial porosity in copper and due to grain boundary sliding and diffusional cavity growth during the soldering cycle. We emphasize that there exists strong interactions between these ductility reducing effects, such that their coupled action may exceed the effect when each mechanism operates independently. We review recent research on deformation and fracture of bulk and plated copper between RT and 300°C. Finally, we briefly discuss approaches to improve mechanical properties of plated thin foil copper.
Lifestyle‐Based Prediction Model for the Prevention of CVD: The Healthy Heart Score

BackgroundClinical practice focuses on the primary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) through the modification and pharmacological treatment of elevated risk factors. Prediction models...
Efficient Parallel Video Processing Through Concurrent Communication on a Multi-port Star Network

Communication delay in a processor network is very critical to the throughput for parallel video processing. We propose a simultaneous distribution and collection method (SD) from the root processor to children processors via a multi-port switch network. For the proposed mechanism, we analyze the video encoding time and derive a closed-form solution for a star interconnection network topology. The results show that the total encoding time is significantly faster than the previous method, parallel interlaced (PI). In addition, we achieve scalability in terms of the number of processors, which means that as the number of processors increases over the optimal number of processors of PI, one continues to achieve much better performance.
Arc-Generated Flow Phenomena in Repetitively Pulsed Gas-Flow Spark Gaps

Flow phenomena occurring in repetitively pulsed gas-flow spark gaps have been investigated experimentally and compared with theory. Optical flow diagnostics were obtained after the current pulse using schlieren photography, a flashlamp, and a framing image converter camera (ICC). Experimental results reveal nearly spherical arc-generated shocks propagating symmetrically with respect to the arc debris center. Supersonic shocks rapidly weaken into acoustic disturbances. Heated arc debris convects at the undisturbed gas velocity, while turbulent debris spreading causes a linear growth of the heated gas region radius at a velocity of 10-40 m/s. At low flow velocity (15 m/s), the upstream edge of the heated arc debris remains at a constant streamwise position until 700 ?s after the arc, and then moves downstream at constant velocity. This delay time before downstream motion begins is reduced to 38 ?s for gas velocities of 35 m/s. Numerical results qualitatively agree with experiments, where heated gas is predicted to convect at the undisturbed gas velocity. The shocks, which initially propagate at high Mach number, rapidly slow to acoustic speed.
Posterior Circulation Ischemia: Then, Now, and Tomorrow The Thomas Willis Lecture—2000

To know and appreciate where we are now and where we are going in the future, it is essential to know where we have been. We cannot afford to relive and repeat the history of stroke every several decades. Posterior circulation stroke represents a microcosm of stroke in general. In this presentation I first review the development of ideas regarding brain and posterior circulation ischemia and its recognition and treatment. I then share some recent data from a large prospective registry of patients with posterior circulation ischemia. Finally, I look ahead to reflect on what I believe should be the future directions for research and for the care of patients with posterior circulation disease. Patients who present to physicians and hospitals with symptoms that suggest posterior circulation ischemia are handled differently from patients who have symptoms that suggest anterior circulation disease in the great majority of medical facilities in the United States and in the world. A patient who has an attack of dizziness with diplopia and ataxic gait usually has a brain image but seldom has vascular or cardiac investigations. A diagnosis of “vertebrobasilar insufficiency” (VBI) is often made, and physicians then debate whether or not to treat with warfarin-type anticoagulants, and, if so, for how long and at what intensity. In contrast, a patient who has right-hand weakness and aphasia is usually evaluated and treated quite differently at the very same facilities. Brain imaging, cardiac investigations, noninvasive vascular tests of the carotid and intracranial anterior circulation with the use of extracranial and transcranial ultrasound and/or MR angiography (MRA) and CT angiography, and catheter angiography are often pursued, depending on the local technological capabilities and experience of the treating physicians. An effort is made to identify the etiology and mechanism of the ischemia. Treatment is then chosen among a …
An inexpensive and safe experiment to demonstrate Koch's Postulates using citrus fruit

Citrus fruit (oranges, tangerines, grapefruit or lemons) purchased in a grocery store can be experimentally infected with readily-available sources of Penicillium digitatum to demonstrate the four basic steps of Koch's postulates, also known as proof of pathogenicity. The mould is isolated from naturally-infected citrus fruit into pure culture on artificial agar medium. The mycelium is then reintroduced into uninfected fruit from which the pathogen can be recovered. The entire set of procedures can be completed in as little as four weeks, using easily available equipment. In addition to demonstrating the importance of associating a disease with its causal agent, the exercise also allows for practicing sterile technique. None of the hundreds of students who performed these steps in college lab settings has ever experienced an allergic reaction to the fungus, making this a very safe, quick and inexpensive demonstration.
The relationship between satisfaction with workplace training and overall job satisfaction

Opportunities for training and development are paramount in decisions regarding employee career choices. Despite the importance, many research studies on job satisfaction do not address satisfaction with workplace training as an element of overall job satisfaction, and many job satisfaction survey instruments do not include a “satisfaction with workplace training” component. This study examined the relationship between satisfaction with employer-provided workplace training and overall job satisfaction of customer contact representatives. A significant relationship was found between job training satisfaction and overall job satisfaction. Components of job training, including time spent in training, training methodologies, and content, were determined to be significant in their relationship to job training satisfaction, and trainees were significantly more satisfied with the training they received when the methodology employed was their preferred one. On the basis of these findings, conclusions were drawn and recommendations for researchers and practitioners in the field of HRD were made. It is important that those in the profession of human resource development look at how their work affects the multiple stakeholders for whom they provide services. Those who have defined HRD concur; many definitions include a results or outcome component. As an example, the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD) defines the HRD profession as a multidisciplinary field that focuses on training, career development, and organizational development with the goal of improving processes and enhancing the learning and performance of individuals, organizations, communities, and society (AHRD Standards