cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective Treatment of Acute Alkali Injury of the Rat Esophagus With Early Saline Dilution Therapy

Background: Controversy persists regarding the appropriate treatment of acute alkali injury to the esophagus. The current study establishes a controlled model of alkali esophageal injury and examines the efficacy of saline dilution therapy. Study hypothesis: Early saline dilution therapy effectively reduces esophageal injury resulting from acute alkali exposure. Methods: The esophagi were harvested from 60 Sprague-Dawley rats. Each end was cannulated with a 20-gauge catheter. Specimens were maintained in an oxygen-perfused saline bath (37 C) during a 60-minute experimental period and then fixed immediately in 10% formalin solution for histologic examination. Three experimental groups (A, B, and C) were perfused with 50% NaOH solution at time zero. Treatment with saline perfusion was performed immediately in group A, five minutes after injury in group B, and 30 minutes after injury in group C. The positive control group D was perfused with saline at time zero. A negative control, group E, was perfused with 50% NaOH at time zero. This group did not receive subsequent treatment with saline. Pathologic examination was performed in a blinded fashion using a score of 0 to 3 (0, no injury; 1, minimal; 2, moderate; 3, severe) for seven histologic criteria: epithelial viability, extent of injury, cornified epithelial cell differentiation, granular cell differentiation, epithelial cell nuclei, muscle cells, and muscle cell nuclei. Results: The positive control group demonstrated scores of zero. Nonparametric analysis showed a significant difference among treatment groups for each injury category. Trend analysis revealed a significant progression of injury for each category associated with time to treatment. Discriminant analysis indicated that the muscle cells category was the most useful category with which to distinguish injury among groups. Conclusion: In our model, saline lavage decreased objective evidence of esophageal injury after a severe alkaline exposure, and early therapy enhanced this beneficial effect.
Handling mobile clients: a case for indirect interaction

Networking protocols are being modified to handle mobility of hosts. This paper argues that there is a need to make mobility explicit at every level of the OSI model - even above the network level through user or application level. Further, it is proposed that the mobile host and the first hop (wireless link) of communication be handled differently than the rest of the network. Hence, in networks with mobile hosts, we propose a radical approach of indirect interaction between clients and servers. >
Preparation and Use of N,N′‐Di‐Boc‐N″‐Triflylguanidine

N, N′-Di-boc-N″-triflyguanidine R N, N′-Di-boc-guanidine I N,N′-Di-boc-N″-triflyguanidine R Benzylamine P N, N′-Bis (tert-butoxycarbonyl-N″-benzylguanidine Keywords: amides and amidines; halogen compounds, fluorine compounds; sulfur compounds; amides and amidines; carbamates; sulfonation, N-sulfonation
Preclinical assessment for selectively disrupting a traumatic memory via postretrieval inhibition of glucocorticoid receptors.

Background Traumatic experiences may lead to debilitating psychiatric disorders including acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Current treatments for these conditions are largely ineffective, and novel therapies are needed. A cardinal symptom of these pathologies is the reexperiencing of the trauma through intrusive memories and nightmares. Studies in animal models indicate that memories can be weakened by interfering with the postretrieval restabilization process known as memory reconsolidation. We previously reported that, in rats, intraamygdala injection of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 disrupts the reconsolidation of a traumatic memory. Here we tested parameters important for designing novel clinical protocols targeting the reconsolidation of a traumatic memory with RU38486. Methods Using rat inhibitory avoidance, we tested the efficacy of postretrieval systemic administration of RU38486 on subsequent memory retention and evaluated several key preclinical parameters. Results Systemic administration of RU38486 before or after retrieval persistently weakens inhibitory avoidance memory retention in a dose-dependent manner, and memory does not reemerge following a footshock reminder. The efficacy of treatment is a function of the intensity of the initial trauma, and intense traumatic memories can be disrupted by changing the time and number of interventions. Furthermore, one or two treatments are sufficient to disrupt the memory maximally. The treatment selectively targets the reactivated memory without interfering with the retention of another nonreactivated memory. Conclusions RU38486 is a potential novel treatment for psychiatric disorders linked to traumatic memories. Our data provide the parameters for designing promising clinical trials for the treatment of flashback-type symptoms of PTSD.
High glucose-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons

The current study examines the association between glucose induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial (Mt) depolarization, and programmed cell death in primary neurons. In primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, 45 mM glucose rapidly induces a peak rise in ROS corresponding to a 50% increase in mean Mt size at 6 h (P<0.001). This is coupled with loss of regulation of the Mt membrane potential (Mt membrane hyperpolarization, followed by depolarization, MMD), partial depletion of ATP, and activation of caspase-3 and -9. Glucose-induced activation of ROS, MMD, and caspase-3 and -9 activation is inhibited by myxothiazole and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (P<0.001), which inhibit specific components of the Mt electron transfer chain. Similarly, MMD and caspase-3 activation are inhibited by 100 microM bongkrekic acid (an inhibitor of the adenosine nucleotide translocase ANT). These results indicate that mild increases in glucose induce ROS and Mt swelling that precedes neuronal apoptosis. Glucotoxicity is blocked by inhibiting ROS induction, MMD, or caspase cleavage by specific inhibitors of electron transfer, or by stabilizing the ANT.
Application of Laboratory Research on Eyewitness Testimony

There has been heated debate over the generalizability of laboratory studies on eyewitness testimony to forensic situations. Laboratory settings and criminal contexts apparently elicit different cognitive, social, and emotional processes. However, there are unique benefits of laboratory-based experimental studies (e.g., scientific controls) as well as of field studies conducted with actual criminal witnesses (e.g., enhanced ecological validity). Thus, simple comparisons of the findings obtained in different contexts may not appropriately assess the validity of laboratory research. It is concluded that diverse methodological approaches are essential to provide practical advice and recommendations for legal professionals.
Peripheral A-V fistula of fifty-seven years' duration with refractory heart failure

Abstract The purpose of this presentation is to reaffirm peripheral A-V fistula as a cause of congestive heart failure in the otherwise normal heart and to enter into the literature a case of traumatic peripheral A-V fistula of 57 years' duration.
Lack of Evidence of Transmission of HIV-1 to Family Contacts of H1V-1 Infected Children

Although a number of studies have documented that casual household contact does not result in the transmission of HIV, isolated cases of person-to-person transmission have been reported. We report a study of household transmission in which the families were unaware the children were infected with HIV and thus took no precautions to prevent transmission. Twenty-two family members of nine transfusion-associated HlV-infected children were studied for transmission of HIV in house-holds. There was a total of 174 person-years of household exposure; 76 of these exposure years were before the diagnosis of HIV infection in the index child. All family members tested negative for HIV by ELISA. Sharing household facilities, and interactions with the infected child including kissing, bathing, sleeping with, and helping to bathe, dress, and eat, did not result in transmission. Interactions that could theoretically result in person-to-person transmission occurred in these house-holds such as caring for nose bleeds, biti...
More on the Woodward-Lawson method

In an article which appeared in the AP Newsletter last June I argued that the Woodward-Lawson pattern synthesis procedure is inefficient and should disappear from our textbooks. Dr. Steyskal has rebutted (see his letter in the October 1988 issue of the Newsletter) thus changing a dry monologue into a spirited and welcome dialogue, which I would like to continue by making a few counter comments.
Active-clamp ZVS two-switch flyback converter

This paper introduces a zero voltage switching (ZVS) two-switch flyback pulse-width modulated (PWM) DC-DC converter along with the principle of circuit operation and steady-state analysis. The proposed converter topology is the result of incorporating an auxiliary circuit in place of the clamping diodes on the primary side of the conventional hard-switching two-switch flyback converter, resulting in a soft-switching two-switch flyback converter with reduced switch voltage stresses. The auxiliary circuit is an active-clamp circuit made up of two switches and a clamp capacitor. The active clamp circuit recycles the energy stored in the parasitic transformer leakage inductance, facilitates the ZVS operation of all active switches, and limits the voltage stresses of all the active switches to a value less than or equal to the DC input voltage V I . Circuit description, principle of operation, steady-state analysis, and simulation results of the proposed converter are presented.
Fair QoS-Aware Adaptive Routing and Wavelength Assignment in All-Optical Networks

In all-optical networks with no wavelength conversion, signals must travel on the same wavelength over possibly very long distances. During transmission, the QoS of signals as measured by their Bit Error Rates is degraded not only by the propagation through fibers, but also by small optical leaks from other signals called crosstalk that occur in the nodes and cannot be removed at the physical layer. We present a set of Routing and Wavelength Assignment algorithms that mitigate the crosstalk effects on all-optical network operation. These algorithms incorporate QoS information at both the routing and the wavelength assignment steps and account for dynamic crosstalk to yield better performance in terms of average BER and fairness among network users without sacrificing blocking probabilities, as shown through simulation.
Looking Within the Zebrafish to Understand the Tuberculous Granuloma

Tuberculosis is characterized by the formation of complex immune cell aggregates called granulomas, which for nearly a century have been viewed as critical host-beneficial structures to restrict bacterial growth and spread. A different view has now emerged from real-time visualization of granuloma formation and its consequences in the optically transparent and genetically tractable zebrafish larva. Pathogenic mycobacteria have developed mechanisms to use host granulomas for their expansion and dissemination, at least during the innate phases of infection. Host processes that are intended to be beneficial—death of infected macrophages and their subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages that are newly recruited to the growing granuloma—are harnessed by mycobacteria for their own benefit. Mycobacteria can also render the granuloma a safe-haven in the more advanced stages of infection. An understanding of the host and bacterial pathways involved in tuberculous granuloma formation may suggest new ways to combat mycobacterial infection.
Local stability of a new adaptive queue management (AQM) scheme

In this letter, we propose a new Adaptive Queue Management scheme based on the virtual queue size and the aggregate flow rate. Our proposal is tailored for the widely deployed TCP Reno and does not require modifications to TCP end users. We prove that our scheme can guarantee local stability for a network with an arbitrary topology and heterogeneous round-trip times for TCP users.
Multiframe video coding for improved performance over wireless channels

We propose and evaluate a multi-frame extension to block motion compensation (BMC) coding of videoconferencing-type video signals for wireless channels. The multi-frame BMC (MF-BMC) coder makes use of the redundancy that exists across multiple frames in typical videoconferencing sequences to achieve additional compression over that obtained by using the single frame BMC (SF-BMC) approach, such as in the base-level H.263 codec. The MF-BMC approach also has an inherent ability of overcoming some transmission errors and is thus more robust when compared to the SF-BMC approach. We model the error propagation process in MF-BMC coding as a multiple Markov chain and use Markov chain analysis to infer that the use of multiple frames in motion compensation increases robustness. The Markov chain analysis is also used to devise a simple scheme which randomizes the selection of the frame (amongst the multiple previous frames) used in BMC to achieve additional robustness. The MF-BMC coders proposed are a multi-frame extension of the base level H.263 coder and are found to be more robust than the base level H.263 coder when subjected to simulated errors commonly encountered on wireless channels.
Pattern-Based Data and Knowledge Integration for Intelligent Query Answering

A framework for integrating c1ass-oriented data groupings and subject-oriented knowledge groupings to support intelligent query answering is proposed. This framework is characterized by a three-layer data/knowledge organization: object layer, object--subject layer, and subject layer, where a database at the object layer and a knowledge base at the subject layer are coupled with virtual database patterns specified at the object--subject layer. In such an architecture, communicating databases and knowledge bases are organized and maintained independent of each other, but linked dynamically under specific application domain and context. The proposed approach avoids object duplication, migration, and respecification, thus providing a flexible and scalable technique for integrating knowledge base and database. An experimental cooperative database system, CoBase, has been developed at UCLA to demonstrate this approach in supporting intelligent query answering and in integrating large scale databases and knowledge bases.
Cubic modular equations in two variables

Abstract By adding certain equianharmonic elliptic sigma functions to the coefficients of the Borwein cubic theta functions, an interesting set of six two-variable theta functions may be derived. These theta functions invert the F 1 ( 1 3 ; 1 3 ; 1 3 ; 1 | x , y ) case of Appell's hypergeometric function and satisfy several identities akin to those satisfied by the Borwein cubic theta functions. The work of Koike et al. is extended and put into the context of modular equations, resulting in a simpler derivation of their results as well as several new modular equations for Picard modular functions. An application of these results is a new two-parameter family of solvable nonic equations.
Performance Characterization of a Capacitive Deionization Water Desalination System With an Intermediate Solution and Low Salinity Water

In recent years, more efforts have been made to improve new and more efficient non-membrane-based methods for water desalination. Capacitive deionization (CDI), a novel technique for water desalination using an electric field to adsorb ions from a solution to a high-porous media, has the capability to recover a fraction of the energy consumed for the desalination during the regeneration process, which happens to be its most prominent characteristic among other desalination methods. This paper introduces a new desalination method that aims improving the performance of traditional CDI systems. The proposed process consists of an array of CDI cells connected in series with buffer containers in between them. Each buffer, serve two purposes: 1) average the outlet solution from the preceding cell, and 2) secure a continuous water supply to the following cell. Initial evaluation of the proposed CDI system architecture was made by comparing a two-cell-one-buffer assembly with a two cascaded cells array. Concentration of the intermediate solution buffer was the minimum averaged concentration attained at the outlet of the first CDI cell, under a steady state condition. The obtained results show that proposed CDI system with intermediate solution had better performance in terms of desalination percentage. This publication opens new opportunities to improve the performance of CDI systems and implement this technology on industrial applications.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Rankings of Real Estate Publications and Tenure Requirements at AACSB Versus Non-AACSB Schools

This study addresses the perceived rankings of real estate publications and their impact in meeting the tenure requirements at AACSB member school. Roughly half of the respondents in the sample studied are AACSB accredited. The results indicate that the rank ordering of publications in the sample are consistent between the accredited and non-accredited schools, although accredited schools demonstrate systematically lower point ratings for each publication and require more points for tenure.
Moderating Impacts of Transaction Utility on Relationships Among Price, Quality, and Value

This study investigated how the direction and magnitude of transaction utility (reference price minus actual price paid) affect price, quality, and value in the lodging industry. An online survey was designed and 490 responses were used in the data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical regression, and analysis of variance were employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Moderating effects of transaction utility were found where both the direction and magnitude of transaction utility altered consumers’ perceptions of how quality influenced value. The theoretical and practical implications as well as limitations and possibilities for future research were discussed.
Country Risk and the Cost of Equity

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS: Spreadsheets, recommended articles on methodologyAn exercise in case format that demonstrates how to compute the cost of equity for an investment project in an emerging market using both the Lessard and the Godrey and Espinosa methods.
What is close-to-nature silviculture in a changing world?

Silviculture is a means to meet objectives ranging from timber production to wildlife habitat to naturalness. A common global trend in forestry is development of new silvicultural approaches as alternatives to plantation forestry that bear names that include the words 'nature', 'ecological' or some other positive expression regarding their intent or effects. Some approaches are attempting to emulate natural processes and others to minimize disturbance effects in an attempt to be more natural. In any case, the effects of climate changes, non-native plants, insects, pathogens and animals, and other anthropogenic effects are creating novel forest ecosystems where the silviculture of the past may not be appropriate. It should be recognized that forestry has always attempted to manage stands to meet objectives in ways that would not be similarly met without management. Rather than acquiescing to pressures to follow a nature-based model based on the past, we need to recognize that our forest ecosystems are changing and the rate of change may accelerate in the future. Natural processes and stand structures are important information about natural systems, but not necessarily for the management of these changing systems. Management of these novel ecosystems to meet societal needs will have to be novel. Rather than striving to be close to a nature that is under constant change, silviculture should strive to be better than nature. 'Close-to-nature' is flawed in both its intent to emulate nature and as a means to meet shifting ecological conditions and societal needs.
Book Review: Frontiers of Tax Reform (ed. Michael Boskin)

Frontiers of Tax Reform is a collection of essays by tax theorists who are advocating, in one way or another, major changes in the federal tax law. Although the essays are theoretically sophisticated and invaluable to academic theoreticians, the review concludes that the essays' connections to the real world of policy-making are tenuous.
Temperature dependent photoluminescence of size-purified silicon nanocrystals

The photoluminescence (PL) of size-purified silicon nanocrystals is measured as a function of temperature and nanoparticle size for pure nanocrystal films and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites. The temperature dependence of the bandgap is the same for both sample types, being measurably different from that of bulk silicon because of quantum confinement. Our results also suggest weaker interparticle and environmental coupling in the nanocomposites, with enhanced PL and an unexpected dependence of lifetime on size for the pure nanocrystal films at low temperatures. We interpret these results through differences in the low-temperature size dependence of the ensemble nonradiative equilibrium constants. The response of the PDMS nanocomposites provides a consistent measure of local temperature through intensity, lifetime, and wavelength in a polymer-dispersed morphology suitable for biomedical applications, and we exploit this to fabricate a small-footprint fiber-optic cryothermometer. A comparison of ...
Social hoarding and a load size-distance relationship in gray jays

A model that assumes scatterhoarders maximize the rate at which they store food that survives densitydependent theft by competitors has been developed elsewhere (Waite 1991a; Waite and Reeve 1992a, 1992b). The model addresses the questions of how such hoarders should distribute caches of food items collected from an ephemeral, locally abundant source, and how long they should persist in caching from such a source before moving on in search of alternative sources. The results of several field experiments using Gray Jays (Perisoreus canadensis) were qualitatively consistent with the model in most contexts (references above). However, because the model implicitly assumes that a hoarder's behavior is not influenced by that of other individuals, methodological measures were taken in those experiments to eliminate any confounding effects of social context on the jays' caching behavior. Here, I describe a simple field experiment designed to investigate whether the distance to which Gray Jays transport food items for storage is affected by load (food-item) size and social context (solitary or in the company of one or more conspecifics). I present evidence that apparent attempts by the jays to cache secretively were influenced by the size (value) of the food item, the immediate risk of losing a cache to a conspecific soon after the cache had been put in place, and the interaction of these two factors (food-item size and social context). Any tendency to cache secretively may reduce the probability of cache theft, which may be accomplished also by adequately spacing caches (Waite 1988, Waite and Reeve 1992a), appropriately timing the decision to move on to alternative sources while a known source still contains food (Waite and Reeve 1992b), placing caches in inconspicuous sites (Petit et al. 1989, Waite 1991 la), and concealing caches (Petit et al. 1989, Waite 1991a). The Gray Jay is a permanent resident of high-latitude boreal forests in North America. These birds store hundreds of food items per day during summer (Waite 1991a), and apparently rely heavily on that food during the winter (Waite 1990), when they have as little as 4 hr of foraging time available each day during which to accumulate energy reserves for the upcoming night of hypothermic fasting (Waite 199 ib, in press). Food items are cached as saliva-coated boli (Dow 1965), each of which is placed in a separate arboreal site, such as under a flake of bark, in a clump of lichen, or in a conifer needle-cluster.
Fatty acid uptake by the brain IV. Incorporation of [1-14C]linoleic acid into the adult rat brain

Abstract The incorporation of radioactivity into brain tissue lipids after feeding [1- 14 C] palmitic acid to adult rats is reported in the present study. It was noted that: 1. 1. Palmitic acid was incorporated into the brain tissue lipids to the extent of 0.02% of the fed dose, which is about the same as observed in the case of [1- 14 C] acetate in earlier studies. 2. 2. The observed radioactivity in the brain could not have been contributed by trapped blood because of the very low specific activity of the circulating blood. It was also noted that all the brain tissue total lipid components such as lecithin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, cerebrosides and phosphatidyl serine were labeled indicating uptake of palmitate by the brain tissue. 3. 3. During the entire period of 1-24 h after feeding, the palmitic acid isolated from the brain tissue had 85–87% of the total radioactivity in the carboxyl carbon. This clearly demonstrated that palmitic acid was largely incorporated unchanged into the brain tissue lipids rather than synthesized from acetate derived from its oxidation. 4. 4. A low activity in the brain tissue cholesterol showed that a small amount of the fed palmitic acid must have been degraded to give radioactive acetate. This also resulted in labeling of stearic acid by chain elongation.
A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLES ON GROUP DATA

THE ACHIEVEMENT of increasing control over the variables with-which one is concerned is a major goal of science. This goal has been a chieved with satisfactory degrees of certainty in the exact sciences. The activities of researchers in education and all the other life sciences have not achieved like powers of prediction and control. One reason frequently given for their less satis factory results is that quantities in the life sci ences are resultants of so many hundreds of var iables that it is extremely difficult to determine which factor is the cause of a given observed ef fect. The life sciences, therefore, have based their efforts on studying trends and have done so by borrowing statistical theory and methods from fields which have found them satisfactory : finance, logistics, manufacturing, etc. It is the contention of this study that even though such logic and methods are satisfactory for the purposes for which they were designed, they have not lead to that degree of control and prediction in the life sciences which results in the discovery of law. It is a further contention of this study that degrees of prediction and control comparable to those in the exact sciences can be achieved in the life sciences if statistical methods adjusted to life conditions are utilized with data that is reasonably complete and accurate.
Effects of volume scaling in AlN nano plate resonators on quality factor

This paper reports on the experimental study of the effects of volume scaling in aluminum nitride (AlN) nano plate resonators on quality factor. For the first time, we show that efficient piezoelectric transduction of a high frequency (∼ 1 GHz) lateral-extensional mode of vibration and a high quality factor approaching 900 can be achieved when the thickness of the AlN nano plate is scaled from 200 nm to 50 nm. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that the greatly reduced thickness of the AlN plate enables the scaling of device area down to 32×28 μm2. We show that such aggressive scaling of the device lateral dimensions yields higher quality factor when the thickness of the resonator is scaled to 50 nm. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate that the deposition of such ultrathin AlN film on a plane (not patterned) bottom electrode is desirable for the implementation of resonators with high quality factors.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Clinical Experience, Challenges, and Future Directions

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), present in almost all human tissues, have the potential to undergo significant expansion ex vivo for therapeutic applications. Clinical utilization of these cells, originally started based on their hematopoietic supportive capabilities, has now expanded to almost all fields of medicine as these cells, through numerous modes of action, have been found to favorably modulate immunological responses and participate in tissue regeneration. Furthermore, another attractive characteristic of MSCs have been their presumed lack of need for HLA matching, making them a viable option as a universal, off-the shelf cell product. MSCs have an impressive safety record when used for a wide range of immunological and degenerative disorders. However, lack of standardized MSC production methodology and also complexity of clinical trial design makes comparison of the clinical trials a challenging task. Heterogeneity in MSC production includes donor source, tissue source, culture media, plating density, and passage number and heterogeneity in the clinical trials include the clinical indication, medical condition of the patients such as stage of disease, cell dose, frequency, and route of administration. Thus, while clinical data using MSCs remains promising, conclusive evidence for efficacy attributable to MSCs based on randomized clinical trials remains an elusive goal.
Do leprosy and tuberculosis generate a systemic inflammatory shift? Setting the ground for a new dialogue between experimental immunology and bioarchaeology

It is possible that during long lasting chronic infections such as tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy individuals who generate a stronger immune response will produce a chronic shift in the systemic levels of inflammatory proteins. Consequently, the systemic immunological shift could affect inflammatory responses against other persistent pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with periodontal disease (PD). Objective To determine if in vitro exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. leprae lysates impacts subsequent immune responses to P. gingivalis; and to propose a new dialogue between experimental immunology and paleopathology. Material and methods We sequentially (2 days protocol) exposed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors to bacterial lysates either from M. tuberculosis, or M. leprae, or P. gingivalis. After collecting all supernatants, we measured the expression of immune proteins TNFα and IFNγ using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Early exposure (day 1) of PBMCs to M. leprae or M. tuberculosis lysates induces an inflammatory shift detected by the increase of TNFα and IFNγ when the same cells are subsequently (day 2) exposed to oral pathogen P. gingivalis. Discussion By extrapolating these results, we suggest that chronic infections, such as TB and leprosy, could generate a systemic immunological shift that can affect other inflammatory processes such the one present in PD. We propose that the presence and severity of PD should be explored as a proxy for inflammatory status or competence when reconstructing the health profile in past populations.
Alkyne-Bridged Multi[Copper(II) Porphyrin] Structures: Nuances of Orbital Symmetry in Long-Range, Through-Bond Mediated, Isotropic Spin Exchange Interactions

Spin and conformational dynamics in symmetric alkyne-bridged multi[copper(II) porphyrin] structures have been studied in toluene solution at variable temperature using steady-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Comparison of the dimer EPR spectra to those of Cu porphyrin monomers shows evidence of an isotropic exchange interaction (Javg) in these biradicaloid structures, manifested by a significant line broadening in the dimer spectra. The extent line broadening depends on molecular structure and temperature, suggesting Javg is modulated by conformational dynamics that impact the torsional angle distribution between the porphyrin–porphyrin least-squares planes. Computational simulation of the experimental EPR spectra, using a developed algorithm for J modulation in flexible organic biradicals, supports this hypothesis. Comparison of ethyne and butadiyne alkyne bridges reveals remarkable sensitivity to orbital interactions between the spacer and the metal, reflected in measurements of...
A Longitudinal Study of Voice Onset Time Development in L2 Spanish Stops

Recent longitudinal approaches to second language (L2) pronunciation development have prioritized developmental trajectories, highlighting individual variation in phonetic learning over time. Aligning with this research paradigm, the present study examined voice onset time (VOT) production in Spanish/b/and/p/ over two semesters of elementary language instruction. Twenty-six native speakers of English who were novice learners of Spanish completed two L2 production tasks five times and an English production task once, designed to ascertain the frequency with which they prevoiced English voiced stops. Growth curve modeling revealed that linear and quadratic functions most accurately captured participants’ L2 VOT development insofar as more gains occurred during the first half of the study. Speakers’ propensity to prevoice in the native language also predicted prevoicing in L2 Spanish/b/. However, individual results varied, including near-native learners and asymmetrical developers, individuals who improved their production of /p/but not/b/. These results are interpreted within the frameworks of the Speech Learning Model and L2 Perceptual Assimilation Model.
Inland Oiled Wildlife Response: It’s a Different Animal

ABSTRACT 2017-311 The Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN) was established in 1994 to address the need for timely, consistent, and professional science-based preparedness and response for wildlife at...
New Insights into the Mechanism of Ca2+-Dependent Inactivation of NMDA Receptors

Calcium-dependent inactivation (CDI) is an important mechanism that is common to a variety of ion channels, and is particularly important to the function of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor (1,2). The NMDA receptor is a class of glutamate receptor that is a mediator of synaptic plasticity and has been a target for neurological drug development. In particular, spike timing-dependent plasticity is thought to be influenced by CDI (3). CDI is mediated by the interaction of calmodulin with a sequence on the intracellular C-terminal domain (C0) of the NMDA receptor 1 (NR1) subunit of the NMDA receptor (4) and by the binding of calcium to calmodulin.
Current and ideal skin tone: Associations with tanning behavior among sexual minority men.

Abstract Sexual minority men have high rates of skin cancer, yet little is known about skin cancer risk behaviors in this population. It was hypothesized that current skin tone would moderate the association between darker ideals and tanning behaviors. Data were collected online from 231 sexual minority men in San Diego, United States of America, with a mean age of 24.66 (SD = 5.44). Ideal and current skin tone ratings and indoor and outdoor tanning behaviors were assessed. Darker ideals were significantly associated with increased indoor and outdoor tanning. The effect of darker ideals on tanning was strongest among individuals with lighter current skin tone, indicating a significant interaction. Sexual minority men whose perceived skin tone did not match their ideal were more likely to engage in skin cancer risk behaviors. Future skin cancer prevention programs aimed at sexual minority men may consider techniques that modify ideal skin tone internalization.
A sociophonetic analysis of gay male speech stereotypes in Buenos Aires, Argentina

The present study expands academic knowledge on the phonetic cues that index “gay speech” beyond the English language by examining speech produced by gay Buenos Aires Spanish (porteno) speakers. Research has been conducted on gay speech in other parts of Latin America or on the Spanish language in general (Pahis 2017, Ezquerra 2015, Mack 2011, Mendes 2007, Sivori 2005), but not on the porteno dialect. Acoustic features (vowel quality, pitch, speech rate, and degree of aspiration of pre-consonantal and syllable-final /s/) corresponding to public stereotypes on porteno gay speech were measured. Speech from gay and straight men, as well as actors interpreting gay & straight roles in film and television, was analyzed. It is hypothesized that gay men will have higher pitch and that vowels be more clearly articulated than straight counterparts, that pre-consonantal and syllable-final /s/ will be aspirated less frequently and that pitch contours will be more pronounced in the speech of gay men. In addition, the speech of actors playing gay roles will align more closely with the stereotypes of gay speech than with actual phonetic properties, in accordance with Cartei and Reby 2011.
SOLVING A CAPITAL/TECHNOLOGY CONSTRAINT PROBLEM BY IMPLICIT ENUMERATION*

Nowadays, the telephone network planning development is mainly concentrated in digital technology. One of the problems is to make proper decisions to change individual traditional analog switching office to a new digital terminal. This capital budget exercise is formulated as a zero-one integer programming problem. (A special case of it gives rise to the technology availability constraint problem.) In 1965, Balas introduced the additive algorithm to solve the general class of zero-one integer programming problems. The principle of the algorithm is based on an implicit enumeration technique. Since then numerous investigators had made refinements and extensions to the basic Balasian procedure. We give a variation of the Balas algorithm to solve our capital/technology constraint problem.
Problems Related to Physics

Gibbs’ paradox concerns the theoritical entropy of mixing of two ideal gases at constant temperature and pressure. This entropy proved to depend only on the numbers of molecules in each of the gases. SO it seemed to exist also in the case when both gases wee identical, which result was clearly wrong and, hence, paradoxical. To eliminate the paradox, it proved enough to divide the original partition functions of each of the gases by a petinent factor which was the factorial of the number of molecules in it. But why is it so?
A Theoretical Study of the H2− System at Low Energies

An open-shell configuration interaction (CI) calculation was carried out for the \( {}^2\sum\nolimits_u^{+} {} \) and the \( {}^2\sum\nolimits_g^{+} {} \) states of the H 2 − system, and a number of adiabatic potential energy curves was obtained for internuclear separations between 1.05 and 4.00 au. The goal of this work was to search for possible H 2 − resonances within about a 10 eV energy region above the ground target state.
A Note on “Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Regularities: Cyclical and Structural Productivity in the United States (1950–2005)”:

Jeon and Vernengo apply Okun’s Law and Verdoorn’s Law to examine the cyclical and structural effects of output growth on productivity. Their estimation method, however, is flawed, and their results...
Transport in a fully coupled asymmetric stratified system: Comparison of scale dependent and independent dispersion schemes

Abstract Reactive solute transport in a stratified multi-layer system (such as a fracture-matrix or an aquifer-aquitard system) is a classical problem and serves as a benchmark for testing new ideas and theories in subsurface hydrology. This system resembles a “sandwich” model that includes a much permeable layer (such as a fracture or an aquifer) bounded by two much less permeable layers (such as rock matrixes or aquitards). Transport in such a system usually involves fully coupled processes at the interfaces of different layers. The system becomes asymmetric when the less permeable layers have different transport properties. The scale dependency of dispersion in a fully coupled stratified system has never been examined before. This study constructs new transport models and associated solutions to describe reactive solute transport in such a stratified system considering scale-dependent as well as scale-independent dispersion schemes. We will analyze the spatiotemporal concentration distributions based on the newly developed solutions. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) obtained from the models are tested against the experimental data to evaluate the effect of scale dependency of dispersion, and the analysis shows that dispersivity appears to be scale-independent in the experiments of concern. Meanwhile, this study reveals the possible existence of a dynamic diffusion phenomenon in the less permeable layers as the diffusion coefficients in those layers appear to decline with the advective time in the permeable layer. This may be attributed to the increasingly tortuous pathways for the diffusion to take place in those layers when advective time increases. However, theoretical understanding of such a dynamic diffusion phenomenon is still not available and needs further investigation.
HYDROLYTIC RANCIDITY INDUCED BY PIPELINE MILKERS

Rancidity induced in milk by activation treatments in pipeline milkers has been encountered on a number of ranches. Methods of reducing such activation have been demonstrated by laboratory experiments Among the major contributors to induced rancidity are admission of air to the milk line, low milk flow-rate, inclusion in the vacuum section of the milk line of a filter, numerous fittings, or vertical pipes in which air bubbles through milk, and continous operation of a starved centrifugal pump. Variations in the susceptibility of milk to induced rancidity appear to be important in determining whether milk will go rancid after passage through a pipeline milker.
Viral Infections and Interferons in the Development of Obesity

Obesity is now a prevalent disease worldwide and has a multi-factorial etiology. Several viruses or virus-like agents including members of adenoviridae, herpesviridae, slow virus (prion), and hepatitides, have been associated with obesity; meanwhile obese patients are shown to be more susceptible to viral infections such as during influenza and dengue epidemics. We examined the co-factorial role of viral infections, particularly of the persistent cases, in synergy with high-fat diet in induction of obesity. Antiviral interferons (IFNs), as key immune regulators against viral infections and in autoimmunity, emerge to be a pivotal player in the regulation of adipogenesis. In this review, we examine the recent evidence indicating that gut microbiota uphold intrinsic IFN signaling, which is extensively involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, the prolonged IFN responses during persistent viral infections and obesogenesis comprise reciprocal causality between virus susceptibility and obesity. Furthermore, some IFN subtypes have shown therapeutic potency in their anti-inflammation and anti-obesity activity.
Surgical Management of Thyroid Eye Disease: Recent Updates

Thyroid eye disease (TED) can have myriad presentations. Medical management of the disease targets the inflammatory component, while surgical correction is usually for rehabilitation and cosmetic improvement. Surgical treatment is constantly evolving over time, and a staged approach is preferred. This chapter discusses the conceptual advances of surgery for TED that decreases complications and gives predictable outcomes.
Abstract A38: ATM inhibitor synergizes with glycolysis inhibition in ovarian cancer cells

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy in the USA. While therapies such as inhibitors against poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) are emerging as the standard treatment for EOC patients, this strategy is limited to the subset of patients harboring particular genetic alterations in the DNA damage response pathway, making them homologous recombination (HR) deficient. Approximately 50% of EOC patients are HR proficient, which corresponds to PARP inhibitor resistance and worse patient survival. Therefore, novel therapies for this subset of patients are urgently needed. We found that the DDR gene ATM is upregulated in a subset of EOC patients, which is associated with worse progression-free survival. This suggests that targeting ATM may be beneficial for these EOC patients. Our previous publication demonstrated that inhibition of ATM alters cellular metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to explore ATM inhibitor-mediated metabolic vulnerabilities in EOC to develop them as novel therapeutic strategies. We found that inhibition of ATM increases glucose uptake but not lactate of multiple EOC cells using YSI Bioanalyzer and the fluorescent glucose analog 2NBDG by flow cytometry. Seahorse analysis further indicates that glucose is not being used for Warburg effect. Using an shRNA screen, we identified SLC2A11 and SLC2A12 as the transporters that mediate glucose uptake upon ATM inhibition. To determine whether the observed changes can be exploited for therapeutic benefit, we combined ATM inhibition with the known inhibitor of glycolysis, fenofibrate. We found that while neither ATM inhibition or fenofibrate alone had a robust effect on cell proliferation, the combination was synergistic. Mechanistically, we determined that the combination resulted in cellular senescence using SA-B-Gal assay and detected PML body by immunofluorescence. Using 53PB1 and gH2AX as DDR markers, we concluded that the combination causing synthetic lethal is DDR independent manner. In this study, we found that ATM-SLC2A11/12 axis mediating glucose uptake in EOC cells. Mechanistically understand the role of ATM beyond DDR. Together, our results suggest that metabolic changes induced by ATM inhibitors in EOC are a potential target for the treatment for EOC. Citation Format: Chi-Wei Chen, Erika S. Dahl, Kelly E. Leon, Raquel Buj, Katherine M. Aird. ATM inhibitor synergizes with glycolysis inhibition in ovarian cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
What Is the Antibody Response and Role in Conferring Natural Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Rapid, Living Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 1).

Description: The widespread availability of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests raises important questions for clinicians, patients, and public health professionals related to the appropriate use and interpretation of these tests. The Scientific Medical Policy Committee (SMPC) of the American College of Physicians developed these rapid, living practice points to summarize the current and best available evidence on the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, antibody durability after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2, and antibody protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The SMPC developed these rapid, living practice points based on a rapid and living systematic evidence review done by the Portland VA Research Foundation and funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Ongoing literature surveillance is planned through December 2021. When new studies are identified and a full update of the evidence review is published, the SMPC will assess the new evidence and any effect on the practice points. Practice Points: Practice Point 1: Do not use SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Practice Point 2: Antibody tests can be useful for the purpose of estimating community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Practice Point 3: Current evidence is uncertain to predict presence, level, or durability of natural immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against reinfection (after SARS-CoV-2 infection).