cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detecting Associations Between Knee Rotational Laxity and Kinematics in a Healthy Population

Passive knee laxity, which is determined by the soft tissues and articular structures of the knee, allows for the translation and rotation of the knee1. While laxity increases following soft tissue injury, there is a lack of clinical evidence demonstrating a relationship between increased passive laxity and subsequent clinical problems such as osteoarthritis. However, there is increasing evidence that abnormal active rotational kinematics during walking are a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) initiation and progression2. Establishing a relationship between passive knee laxity and active knee kinematics is therefore clinically important, but at present there is a paucity of information on the interaction between passive and active knee rotational movement.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Alzheimer's disease: NMR studies of asialo (GM1) and trisialo (GT1b) ganglioside interactions with Aβ(1-40) peptide in a membrane mimic environment

Amyloid peptide (Aβ) is the major protein constituent of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This peptide is an amphipathic molecule that perturbs membranes and binds to raft-like membranes composed of gangliosides. Ganglioside GM1 binds tightly with Aβ and it is speculated that GM1 inhibits Aβ from undergoing α-helix to β-sheet conformational changes. Although the role of gangliosides in conformational changes of Aβ have been studied, the specific nature of these interactions have not been reported. In the present report multidimensional NMR studies of ganglioside-Aβ interactions were conducted in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) micelles, a membrane-mimicking environment. These studies reveal that asialoGM1 binds specifically with Aβ in a manner which could prevent β-sheet formation, but that ganglioside GT1b does not bind Aβ. Plausible pathways for the involvement of gangliosides in amyloidogenesis are discussed.
Ornithine decarboxylase activity in vitro in response to acute hypoxia: a novel use of newborn rat brain slices.

In fetal as well as newborn rats, acute hypoxic exposure results in significantly elevated brain ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, polyamine concentrations, and ODC mRNA. The interpretations of these in vivo hypoxic-induced changes, however, are complicated by maternal confounding effects. To test the hypothesis that acute hypoxia will also increase ODC activity in vitro, we developed a brain slice preparation which eliminates such maternal effects. Sections of whole cerebrum, approximately 300-500 microns thick, were made from 3- to 4-day old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. The slices were equilibrated for 1 h in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) continuously bubbled with 95% O2/5% CO2, prior to induction of hypoxia. We induced hypoxia by changing the oxygen concentration to 40%, 30%, 21%, 15%, 10%, or 0% O2, all with 5% CO2 and balance N2. In the normoxic control brain slices, low but stable basal ODC activity persisted for up to 5 h post-sacrifice. Slices in ACSF treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), or both BSA and fetal bovine serum (FBS), however, showed stable ODC activity values 2- to 3-fold higher than slices in ACSF alone, for up to 5 h. In response to acute hypoxia (i.e., 15, 21, and 30% O2), ODC activity was elevated 1.5- to 2-fold above control values between 1 and 2 h after initiation of hypoxia. Qualitative light and electron microscopic examination of the neonatal brain slices following 2 h hypoxic exposure suggested that the great majority of cells did not show severe hypoxic damage or necrosis. It was concluded that: (1) in neonatal rat brain slices in vitro, stable ODC activity values approximating the whole brain ODC activity seen at sacrifice, can be maintained for several hours; (2) the in vivo hypoxic-induced increase in ODC activity can be approximated in vitro; (3) the neonatal rat brain slice preparation may be an alternative to other methods for studying hypoxic-induced ODC enzyme kinetics, or other brain enzymes, without maternal confounding effects; and (4) ODC activity may be an indicator of active metabolism within the newborn brain slice both in normoxia and hypoxia.
Neutron Probe Calibration in a Vertically Stratified Vadose Zone

A procedure is described for neutron probe calibration in deep multilayer vadose zones. Calibration equations relating neutron count ratios (CR) to soil water content were developed for the upper 2.5 m of layered soil profiles using soil texture, water content, and neutron probe data. These equations were extended down to a depth of 10 m by relying on neutron probe data to delineate soil texture zones at depth. Data from two constant-flux field infiltration experiments were used to verify the calibration procedure. The water balance for each of nine soil profiles within the infiltrated area was computed using up to four separate calibration equations for each soil profile. The use of two or more texture-based calibration equations greatly improved the agreement between water applied at the surface and water measured within each of the nine layered profiles. Best results were obtained using four such equations, three corresponding to distinct soil horizons and one to interfaces between them (soil texture boundaries). The calibration procedure proposed here is applicable to deep soil profiles when soil texture and bulk density data are only available for the upper soil profile.
Correlation between Fibroin Amino Acid Sequence and Physical Silk Properties

The fiber properties of lepidopteran silk depend on the amino acid repeats that interact during H-fibroin polymerization. The aim of our research was to relate repeat composition to insect biology and fiber strength. Representative regions of the H-fibroin genes were sequenced and analyzed in three pyralid species: wax moth (Galleria mellonella), European flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella), and Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). The amino acid repeats are species-specific, evidently a diversification of an ancestral region of 43 residues, and include three types of regularly dispersed motifs: modifications of GSSAASAA sequence, stretches of tripeptides GXZ where X and Z represent bulky residues, and sequences similar to PVIVIEE. No concatenations of GX dipeptide or alanine, which are typical for Bombyx silkworms and Antheraea silk moths, respectively, were found. Despite different repeat structure, the silks of G. mellonella and E. kuehniella exhibit similar tensile strength as the Bombyx and Antheraea silks. We suggest that in these latter two species, variations in the repeat length obstruct repeat alignment, but sufficiently long stretches of iterated residues get superposed to interact. In the pyralid H-fibroins, interactions of the widely separated and diverse motifs depend on the precision of repeat matching; silk is strong in G. mellonella and E. kuehniella, with 2-3 types of long homogeneous repeats, and nearly 10 times weaker in P. interpunctella, with seven types of shorter erratic repeats. The high proportion of large amino acids in the H-fibroin of pyralids has probably evolved in connection with the spinning habit of caterpillars that live in protective silk tubes and spin continuously, enlarging the tubes on one end and partly devouring the other one. The silk serves as a depot of energetically rich and essential amino acids that may be scarce in the diet.
What have we learned from recent antiplatelet trials

Aspirin's benefit in preventing vascular outcomes is well established. It reduces the relative risk for stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death by about 25% compared with placebo. Almost 10 years ago we learned that ticlopidine is more effective than aspirin (about 12% relative risk reduction for stroke or death). However, ticlopidine has important adverse effects. In 1996, the Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial showed that clopidogrel, a new thienopyridine similar to ticlopidine, is also more effective than aspirin (by a similar amount) and is as safe as aspirin. Also in 1996, the European Stroke Prevention Study 2 (ESPS-2) showed that dipyridamole alone prevents stroke and that when combined with aspirin it is more effective, probably comparable to ticlopidine and clopidogrel. Dipyridamole combined with aspirin reduced the relative risk for stroke or death by about 13% compared with aspirin alone. Both clopidogrel and dipyridamole are safe but will cost more than aspirin. Aspirin also appears beneficial for acute stroke treatment. The Chinese Acute Stroke Trial (CAST) and the International Stroke Trial (IST) demonstrated that aspirin given at the time of an acute ischemic stroke reduces the risk for early death (about 5 less/1,000 treated), recurrence or death (about 10 less/1,000 treated), and dependence (about 5 less/1,000 treated). Overall, the benefits of aspirin in acute stroke treatment and stroke prevention are definite but modest. Combination therapy with antiplatelet agents that act through different mechanisms is a promising way to maximize the benefits of antiplatelet treatment.
Correlation of workload with disagreement and amendment rates in surgical pathology and nongynecologic cytology.

In gynecologic cytology, workload limits are imposed as a surrogate to limit error rates. Whether workload correlates with error rates in surgical pathology and nongynecologic cytology is not known. We reviewed and compared the disagreement and amendment rates based on blinded review for 5 pathologists with the number of cases reviewed during that same period. A total of 2,659 general surgical pathology and nongynecologic cytology cases underwent blinded review. There were 105 disagreements identified and 28 amendments issued. Workload varied from 455 to 649 cases per month. Neither the disagreement nor the amendment rate correlated with total workload during the period of the study (Pearson rank correlation r = 0.58 and 0.12, respectively). There is no correlation between workload and disagreement or amendment rates. Workload seems to be a poor surrogate for error rates in the range of workloads examined in this study. Such data suggest that workload limits would have no effect at limiting or reducing error rates in surgical pathology or nongynecologic cytology.
Sucrose polyester: a new oral contrast agent for MRI.

Sucrose polyester (a dietary fat substitute) opacifies the entire gastrointestinal tract of the rat with oral administration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These results suggest the potential use of this material as an oral contrast agent for human abdominal MRI studies. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Weight gain following unilateral pallidotomy in Parkinson's disease.

Objective - To determine the clinical correlates and infer pathogenesis of weight gain following pallidotomy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Background - Surgical ablation of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) improves levodopa induced dyskinesias, moderately improves most other cardinal' manifestations of PD, and has been noted to result in increased weight. Methods - We incorporated Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scales (UPDRS) subscales, the Beck depression inventory and feeding questionnaire data into a linear regression model in order to determine which post-surgical change(s) may lead to weight gain over the first year following pallidotomy, n = 60. Results - The mean weight gain 1 year after pallidotomy was 4.0±4.1 kg. Improvement in off motor scores (P < 0.005), especially gait subscores (P < 0.0001), and to a lesser extent improvement in on' motor scores (P<0.05) predicted weight gain. Changes in dyskinesia ratings, mood, food intake, dysphagia, levodopa dose, weight loss in the year prior to pallidotomy, age, and duration of PD did not correlate with subsequent weight gain. Conclusion - The high correlation between post-pallidotomy weight gain and off motor scores, suggests that this phenomenon is related to some change in underlying homeostasis associated with changes in the cardinal manifestations of PD itself, rather than secondary changes resultant from the surgery.
Thirty Years of Denying the Evidence on Gender Symmetry in Partner Violence: Implications for Prevention and Treatment

The first part of this article summarizes results from more than 200 studies that have found gender symmetry in perpetration and in risk factors and motives for physical violence in martial and dating relationships. It also summarizes research that has found that most partner violence is mutual and that self-defense explains only a small percentage of partner violence by either men or women. The second part of the article documents seven methods that have been used to deny, conceal, and distort the evidence on gender symmetry. The third part of the article suggests explanations for the denial of an overwhelming body of evidence by reputable scholars. The concluding section argues that ignoring the overwhelming evidence of gender symmetry has crippled prevention and treatment programs. It suggests ways in which prevention and treatment efforts might be improved by changing ideologically based programs to programs based on the evidence from the past 30 years of research.
A Comparison of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Related Factors Between Lesbian and Heterosexual Women

Abstract Objectives Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disorder associated with infertility, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Despite anecdotal evidence that lesbians may have higher PCOS rates than heterosexuals, little empirically based evidence supports this theory. To address this gap, we examined PCOS prevalence and associated factors among a community sample of lesbian and heterosexual women. Methods Lesbian (n = 114) and heterosexual (n = 97) women aged 35 to 45 who participated in The Epidemiologic STudy of HEalth Risk (ESTHER) Project (Pittsburgh, PA) were recruited into our PCOS exploratory study between April and October 2008. A reproductive endocrinologist, “blinded” to participant sexual orientation, identified women with PCOS using a modified version of the 2003 Rotterdam Diagnostic Criteria for PCOS. Sexual orientation was defined by self-reported sexual identity, behavior, and attraction. Fisher’s exact, chi-square, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used for analysis. Results Approximately 6.2% (n = 13) of the total sample (n = 211) had PCOS. PCOS rates did not significantly differ between lesbian and heterosexual women ([7.9%, n = 9] vs. [4.1%, n = 4]; p = .256). No significant differences in PCOS-related factors were found between lesbian and heterosexual women: polycystic ovaries ([10.5%, n = 12] vs. [6.2%, n = 6]; p = 0.261), hirsutism ([24.6%, n = 28] vs. [15.5%, n = 15]; p = 0.102), oligomenorrhea ([3.6%, n = 4] vs. [5.4%, n = 5]; p = 0.735), adult acne ([21.1%, n = 24] vs. [24.7%, n = 24], p = 0.524), and median testosterone ([1.69 ng/mL, n = 114] vs. [1.52 ng/mL, n = 97]; p = 0.069) and androstenedione ([1.63 ng/mL, n = 114] vs. [1.51 ng/mL, n = 97]; p = 0.079) concentrations, respectively. Conclusion PCOS and related factors did not differ by sexual orientation. Despite this, our observed rates warrant the need for additional studies to examine the relationship between PCOS diagnoses, PCOS-related factors, and sexual orientation.
On the joint utility accrual model

Summary form only given. We extend Jensen's time/utility functions and utility accrual model with the concept of joint utility functions (or JUFs) that allow an activity's utility to be described as a function of the completion times of other activities and their progress. We also specify the concept of progressive utility that generalizes the previously studied imprecise computational model, by describing an activity's utility as a function of its progress. Given such an extended utility accrual model, we consider the scheduling criterion of maximizing the weighted sum of completion time, progressive, and joint utilities. We present an algorithm called the combined utility accrual algorithm (or CUA) for this criterion. Experimental measurements with an implementation of CUA on a POSIX RTOS illustrate the effectiveness of JUFs in a class of applications of interest to us.
MIMO RF PROBE FOR WIDE-AREA INDOOR HUMAN MOTION MONITORING

This paper addresses the problem of RF-based wide-area human motion monitoring in indoor multipath environments. A major challenge for conventional pulse-Doppler radar in multipath scenarios is the difficulty in discriminating direct-path targets from ghost returns due to multipath scattering. In this paper, the ability of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) RF probe to discern both direction-of-departure (DoD) and direction-of-arrival (DoA) via “non-causal” beamforming is exploited for indoor motion monitoring. Preliminary results with real data are presented which demonstrate the sidelobe suppression and multipath mitigation achieved. Also, MIMO processing is analyzed using the bi-directional beampattern and spectrum defined herein.
Interconnected discrete-time systems with incommensurate clock frequencies

This paper proposes a model that recurrently determines the switching patterns of two interconnected discrete-time systems with small differences in the clock frequencies. It is based on a time-variant or switched state-space representation of both systems. The method uses a continued fraction representation of the sampling period ratio of the two systems. Based on this result a stability test is derived, which can be made arbitrarily close to being a necessary and sufficient stability condition. This problem frequently occurs in networked systems where network nodes cannot be exactly synchronized with each other.
Solid Electrolyte Based on Succinonitrile and LiBOB Interface Stability and Application in Lithium Batteries

This paper reports physical and electrochemical properties of a solid electrolyte for lithium batteries formed by doping a plastic crystal solvent, succinonitrile, with lithium bioxalato borate LiBOB. Thermal properties, solubility limits, conductivity, compatibility with lithium, and range of electrochemical stability have been studied. Succinonitrile doped with 4 mol % LiBOB is a solid at room temperature and melts near 50°C. Electrochemical cells employing either LiFePO4 or Li1.2Mn0.4Ni0.3Co0.1O2 as the active cathode material and lithium metal as the anode were evaluated. This solid electrolyte showed excellent performance when combined with a LiFePO4 cathode, delivering a reversible discharge capacity of 142 mAh g �1 with very good capacity retention. However, with the Li1.2Mn0.4Ni0.3Co0.1O2 cathode, the cell’s capacity retention was not as good exhibiting a discharge capacity that decreased from 194 mAh g �1 in the first cycle to 149 mAh g �1
DNannotator: Annotation software tool kit for regional genomic sequences.

Sequence annotation is essential for genomics-based research. Investigators of a specific genomic region who have developed abundant local discoveries such as genes and genetic markers, or have collected annotations from multiple resources, can be overwhelmed by the difficulty in creating local annotation and the complexity of integrating all the annotations. Presenting such integrated data in a form suitable for data mining and high-throughput experimental design is even more daunting. DNannotator, a web application, was designed to perform batch annotation on a sizeable genomic region. It takes annotation source data, such as SNPs, genes, primers, and so on, prepared by the end-user and/or a specified target of genomic DNA, and performs de novo annotation. DNannotator can also robustly migrate existing annotations in GenBank format from one sequence to another. Annotation results are provided in GenBank format and in tab-delimited text, which can be imported and managed in a database or spreadsheet and combined with existing annotation as desired. Graphic viewers, such as Genome Browser or Artemis, can display the annotation results. Reference data (reports on the process) facilitating the user's evaluation of annotation quality are optionally provided. DNannotator can be accessed at http://sky.bsd.uchicago.edu/DNannotator.htm.
Baby Doe rules.

To the Editor.— As a nurse whose background is in newborn intensive care, I deeply appreciate the guidelines1–3 of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) that address the issue of appropriate care for imperiled newborns. I thank Pediatrics for encouraging the recent debate on the Baby Doe rules to clarify differing viewpoints on the real impact that these rules pose to the best-interest standard. To this end, I write further4 on why I believe that the advice of Drs Clark5 and Kopelman,6,7 that the AAP publicly find that its guidelines are inconsistent with the so-called Baby Doe rules, is misguided. In the August 2005 issue of Pediatrics , Clark5 supports Kopelman's7 call for the AAP to “withdraw its apparent support of the ‘Baby Doe’ rules”7(p514) because those rules “do not allow the discretion our leadership …
Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends no screen time for children under the age of 2 and limited screen time for all children. However, no such guidelines have been proposed for preteens and teenagers. Further, research shows that children, preteens, and teenagers are using massive amounts of media and those with more screen time have been shown to have increased obesity, reduced physical activity, and decreased health. This study examined the impact of technology on four areas of ill-being— psychological issues, behavior problems, attention problems and physical health—among children (aged 4–8), preteens (9–12), and teenagers (13–18) by having 1030 parents complete an online, anonymous survey about their own and their child’s behaviors. Measures included daily technology use, daily food consumption, daily exercise, and health. Hypothesis 1, which posited that unhealthy eating would predict impaired ill-being, was partially supported, particularly for children and preteens. Hypothesis 2, which posited that reduced physical activity would predict diminished health levels, was partially supported for preteens and supported for teenagers. Hypothesis 3, that increased daily technology use would predict ill-being after factoring out eating habits and physical activity, was supported. For children and preteens, total media consumption predicted illbeing while for preteens specific technology uses, including video gaming and electronic communication, predicted ill-being. For teenagers, nearly every type of technological activity predicted poor health. Practical implications were discussed in terms of setting limits and boundaries on technology use and encouraging healthy eating and physical activity at home and at school.
Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Feeding Patterns in Macadamia Nut in Hawaii: Nut Maturity and Cultivar Effects

Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious pest of macadamia nuts, Macadamia integrifolia, in Hawaii. Using ruthenium red dye to stain stink bug feeding probes, feeding activity was determined for nuts of various maturity levels harvested from the tree and off the ground throughout the growing season in five commercial cultivars. Damage occurred in the tree and on the ground during all nut growth stages. Damage on the ground was often higher than in the tree. Cultivar 246 was more susceptible to attack than cultivars 333 and 800. It was previously thought that cultivar susceptibility was related to husk and shell thickness, but cultivar 246 showed higher damage than other cultivars even during early nut development when the nuts are small and before the shell has formed. This suggests that shell and husk thickness may play a secondary role in susceptibility to feeding by N. viridula. Monitoring N. viridula feeding activity during early nut development may help alert growers to potential problems later in the season, but early-season probing activity in immature nuts was not a good predictor of damage levels in mature nuts later in the season in our study.
Developmental and psychiatric presentations of inherited metabolic disorders.

Pediatric neurologists and developmental pediatricians may evaluate patients with primary or associated behavioral and academic concerns. A critical element of the evaluation involves determining that the child’s condition is not better explained by underlying inherited metabolic disorders. In this review, psychiatric and behavioral presentations of inherited metabolic disorders are discussed via several case studies. Key features of vignettes will illustrate when to consider these disorders in evaluating children referred for psychiatric and behavioral changes, after more common etiologies have been excluded. We seek to develop a better understanding of key clinical pearls to help identify children with an inherited metabolic disorder to account for behavioral or academic concerns.
Acute coronary syndrome statistics: what you don't see can hurt you.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite aggressive campaigns for prevention, advances in drug therapy, and increasing application of revascularization, more than 1 million Americans experience adverse cardiac events each year. Given the graying of the population and the bdiabesityQ epidemic, this incidence is likely to increase, further expanding the healthcare burden of atherosclerosis, both in the United States as well as globally. Measuring this burden is critical for several reasons. First, the incidence of CAD reflects in part the efficacy of public health efforts to promote important lifestyle changes such as tobacco cessation, weight loss, and exercise initiation. Measuring incidence also assesses the impact of secondary prevention because acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) often recur in patients with CAD despite appropriate therapy. Finally, an accurate measurement of disease frequency allows a dispassionate discussion about healthcare policy and spending. In this issue of the Journal, Bertoni et al contribute to this discussion with their timely and important study, bAcute Coronary Syndrome National Statistics: challenges in definitions.Q These investigators analyzed the 1988-2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a database containing diagnostic and demographic data for up to 7 million discharges per year from a group of US hospitals. They determined the frequency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina (UA), and ACS (defined by AMI plus UA) diagnoses by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), codes and further stratified these diagnoses according to whether they had been listed as a first diagnosis or as any other diagnosis on the list at discharge (ball-listedQ). The investigators then determined the
Immunoselective Targeting of an Anti-Thrombin Agent to the Surface of Cytokine-Activated Vascular Endothelial Cells

Abstract An immunoconjugate was designed to target hirudin, a potent and specific inhibitor of thrombin, to the surface of activated endothelial cells. Hirudin was covalently cross-linked to the mo...
THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUT-AND-TIE ANALYSIS FOR FOOTING REHABILITATION

A 3D indeterminate strut-and-tie model is developed for the analysis of a footing system to explain the cause of cracking and to develop a rehabilitation solution. The performance predicted with the model, simulating the sequence of construction, is well correlated with the field observations. The prediction thus explains the cause of cracking and concludes that phased construction is its main source. From numerical prediction, posttensioning forces are recommended to close the existing cracks and to prevent new ones. In developing an approach to rehabilitating a cracked structure, the stiffness of the analytical model needs to be properly selected. For this reason, five different levels of stiffness are used to cover the lower and upper bounds for both cracked and uncracked situations. A 3D finite-element solid modeling is also conducted.
Diet Resource Partitioning between the Golden Mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli) and the White-footed Mouse (Peromyscus leucopus)

Peromyscus leucopus and Ochrotomys nuttalli, two small mammal species of similar life histories and body mass, exhibit a high degree of sociality and niche overlap. We investigated differences in diet preference (ingested energy, protein content and preference ranking) based on reported diets for each species in nature to better explain coexistence. Five food resources were provided to 20 adult individuals (10 male, 10 female) of each species for 10 consecutive days. Individuals were contained in separate mesocosm tanks. Dietary choices were acorns of Quercus nigra and Q. alba, seeds of Ligistrum sinense and Rhus typhina, and fruits of Cornus florida. Golden mice preferred fruits of C. florida and acorns of Q. nigra, and to a lesser extent acorns of Q. alba, whereas white-footed mice consumed acorns of both Q. nigra and Q. alba and fruits of C. florida in equal amounts. White-footed mice consumed significantly more energy per day than golden mice (2.38 and 1.48 Kcal N g live wt 21 , respectively). Thus, P. leucopus, considered a habitat generalist species, exhibited a wider dietary breadth and greater caloric intake than O. nuttalli, considered a habitat specialist species.
Single event effects and prompt dose hardness of a deep submicron commercial process

A single event effects and prompt dose hardened 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process has been developed using the WaferTech commercial foundry. The hardness was achieved solely using design-hardening techniques, i.e. no process changes were added or removed from the commercial flow.
Componentwise decomposition for an efficient reliability computation of systems with repairable components

Fault trees and Markov chains are commonly used for dependability modeling. Markov chains are powerful in that various kinds of dependencies can be easily modeled that fault tree models have difficulty capturing, but the state space grows exponentially in the number of components. Fault tree models are adequate for computing the reliability of nonrepairable systems, but a state space description becomes necessary for repairable systems due to induced dependencies (even when all failure and repair processes are otherwise independent). We demonstrate that a decomposition approach can be used to avoid a full-system Markov reliability model for repairable systems with independent failure and repair processes. For an n-component system, n 3-state sub-models can replace a full-system monolithic model. This is an approximation because the parameters used in the sub-model are approximately derived from the monolithic model. >
Bankruptcy and Economic Recovery

To measure economic growth or recovery, one traditionally looks to metrics such as the unemployment rate and the growth in GDP. And in terms of figuring out institutional policies that will stimulate economic growth, the focus most often is on policies that encourage investment, entrepreneurial enterprises, and reward risk-taking with appropriate returns. Bankruptcy academics that we are, we tend to add our own area of expertise to this stable — with the firm belief that thinking critically about bankruptcy policy is an important element of any set of institutions designed to speed economic recovery. In this paper, written for a book entitled "Restructuring Financial Infrastructure to Speed Recovery" to be published by the Brookings Institution, we outline the crucial role we believe bankruptcy plays in advancing a robust economy, while also identifying several areas in which we believe bankruptcy law — and practice — could be improved so as to enhance bankruptcy’s role in economic growth, including its recovery from periods of recession. Along the way, we suggest that a standard (and appropriate) baseline metric for successful economic policies, namely employment, if carried outside its macro focus so as to become an independent bankruptcy policy (as it often is), carries with it — usually inadvertently — the potential to undermine bankruptcy’s key role in facilitating economic growth.
A three-dimensional vortex method for the hydrodynamic solution of planing cambered dihedral surfaces

Abstract A new numerical approach based on the Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) for the solution of the hydrodynamic performances of cambered hulls in steady planing is formulated and validated. Due to its fully 3D formulation, the method can be applied to both cambered and un-cambered dihedral planing surfaces of any shape without any further approximation. The exact three-dimensional wetted surface of the hull is where the body boundary condition is fulfilled. The sprays region detaching both in front of the stagnation root line and from the wet portion of the chine are modeled in the numerical scheme by means of additional vortex lattice regions. The dynamic boundary condition at the stern of the hull is non-linear with respect to the perturbation potential. Results show the dynamic pressure consistently accounts for the 3D features of the flow especially in the case of cambered planing surfaces. The numerical method is verified by a systematic analysis against semi-empirical methods and it is finally validated with experimental results on prismatic as well as cambered dihedral planing surfaces. Excellent correlations are found for both types of planing surfaces that range in the same confidence interval of higher fidelity numerical models, such as RANSE solvers.
Building Chan Chan: A Project Management Perspective

The labor investment in ancient monumental architecture is an important factor in hypotheses concerning a society’s size, organization, and social complexity. Most methods of quantifying labor expenditures are limited to simply designed structures with a minimal number of elements. Due to the lack of practical analytical methods, complex architecture is often described subjectively, offering little quantitative value, resulting in inferences that could be misleading or wrong. Using Ciudadela Rivero at the site of Chan Chan, Peru, as a case study, this research employed construction industry-standard planning, estimating, and scheduling tools to calculate the labor requirements and construction times under various building scenarios. Additionally, the application of Critical Path Method scheduling provides the means to model and compare numerous building scenarios by simulating the effects of various construction and labor organization strategies in their cultural context. The results for Ciudadela Rivero revealed a labor input of over two million labor hours, which could be accomplished by a modest labor force of as few as 250 workers over a six-year period. These data affect numerous archaeological hypotheses concerning scale of construction, organization of labor, and complexity of social organization.
Urolithiasis in children: innovations in management.

AbstractManagement of urolithiasis in children remains a challenge despite newer technological innovations. During the last 3 years we have treated 19 children with a combination of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous stone extraction and ureteroscopy, as well as with traditional methods. The newer technological methods perfected in adults are equally applicable to children in experienced hands. (J. Urol., 140: 790-792, 1988)
Disorganized attachment and risk assessment: A topic for ongoing discussion.

Unusually, this issue includes a comment (from Professor David Shemmings) on a published paper (Granqvist et al., 2016) and a reply from Professor Granqvist.The Granqvist et al. paper reports on th...
Cord Blood Unit Selection for Unrelated Transplantation

Abstract Cord blood (CB) extends the availability of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to patients with no suitable adult donors, particularly those of ethnic minorities. With the growth of the worldwide CB Inventory most patients will have several potential adequately matched CB units (CBU); still, selection of the most appropriate CB graft for transplantation remains a complex decision since there are many considerations related to the CBU, the patient's disease and clinical condition as well as the type of transplant to be performed. This review aims to address the several aspects of CBU selection, including assays to evaluate the quality/potency of the graft, interactions between CBU total nucleated cells dose and HLA mismatch, selection of CBU with “permissible” mismatches, and evaluation of other graft characteristics important for the safety and overall outcomes of CB transplantation. Clearly, no selection algorithm “fits all,” and transplant centers need to develop their own procedures based on their specific studies as well as their results of post-thaw CBU evaluation and outcomes.
Cerebellum and Human Evolution: A Comparative and Information Theory Perspective

The cerebral cortex occupies a prominent place in the social brain hypothesis, which posits that human brain evolution has largely been shaped by social interactions in an increasingly more complex group structure and the associated cognitive tasks at the cerebral cortical level. Social interactions are adaptive behaviors in responses to selection pressure and are also the sources of selection pressure. Complex social interactions both require and foster communication. To communicate and transmit information, individual members of the group must acquire a common language of communication, most certainly via imitation. Hurley has recently proposed a shared circuits model for imitation. This model has implicated many cerebral cortical structures, including the mirror neuron system. In this model, a basic element supporting complex behavior leading to imitation is active perception. Neuroplasticity mechanisms in the cerebellum and particularly in the neocerebellum may be the major provider of this critical function such that active perception constitutes part of the cerebellar function of procedural learning, or vice versa. In this chapter, the role of the cerebellum in the evolution of complex behaviors is examined. Data from fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal are summarized to show a phylogenetic expansion of the neocerebellum to interact with the neocortex. Within mammals, there is a progressive increase in the capacity of the cerebellum to code and process information from mouse, rat, cat, rhesus monkey, and human. The increasingly expanding interactions between the cerebral cortex and the C. Huang (*) School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, 64110 Kansas City, MO, USA e-mail: huangc@umkc.edu R.E. Ricklefs University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Blvd, 63121-4400 St. Louis, MO, USA e-mail: ricklefs@umsl.edu M. Manto, D.L. Gruol, J.D. Schmahmann, N. Koibuchi, F. Rossi (eds.), Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_59, # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 1337 cerebellum operating with a high information coding and processing capacity may uniquely contribute to the acquisition of complex behavior including language and communication for social interaction – a major hallmark of human evolution.
Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis: Systematic review of clinical features, histopathological findings, and management experience

Background Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors have been reported to induce new-onset psoriasis. Objective To better define the demographic, clinical features, and treatment approach of TNF-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis. Methods Systematic review of published cases of TNF-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis. Results We identified 88 articles with 216 cases of new-onset TNF-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis. The mean age at psoriasis onset was 38.5 years. The most common underlying diseases were Crohn disease (40.7%) and rheumatoid arthritis (37.0%). Patients underwent TNF-α therapy for an average of 14.0 months before psoriasis onset with 69.9% of patients experiencing onset within the first year. The majority of patients received skin-directed therapy, though patients who discontinued TNF therapy had the greatest resolution of symptoms (47.7%) compared with those who switched to a different TNF agent (36.7%) or continued therapy (32.9%). Limitations Retrospective review that relies on case reports and series. Conclusion While TNF-α inhibitor cessation may result in resolution of induced psoriasis, lesions may persist. Decisions regarding treatment should be weighed against the treatability of TNF-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis, the severity of the background rheumatologic or gastrointestinal disease, and possible loss of efficacy with cessation followed by retreatment. Skin-directed therapy is a reasonable initial strategy except in severe cases.
Pulmonary Edema Following Attempted Nasal Intubation for Mandibular Fracture Repair

A patient presents with a mandibular fracture requiring nasal intubation for surgical correction. Multiple attempts at securing the difficult airway led to edema and eventual laryngospasm and negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE). Topics discussed include nasal intubation techniques and the mechanism and treatment of pulmonary edema.
Threats to Supply Chains

This chapter covers the human threats to, and impacts on, supply chains resulting from a range of criminal activities. This includes theft, piracy, and terrorism. Building on the idea that supply chains represent linkages among organizations which serve to add value as inputs are turned into outputs, these points of contact and exchange are shown to be targets for criminal activity. Also discussed are natural threats in order to introduce the role of the environment in supply chain security. Items in storage or in transit are examined with respect to vulnerability to the weather and to earthquakes. This includes the current state of the infrastructure over which supply chain activities occur.
A Generational History of Environmental Law and Its Grand Themes: A Near Decade of Garrison Lectures

I have been privileged to hear, enjoy and learn from the talks of each of our Garrison Lecturers during the last eight years, as well as our discussions with them here today. In preparation for my duties as a summarizer, I studied their talks, printed in our Pace Environmental Law Review. I was delighted to find that the body of their commentary is far more than the sum of its parts. Together our lecturers take us on a grand journey through the history of modern environmental law, its heroes and villains, its accomplishments and its weaknesses. Together they sound all the grand themes of environmental law. Together they remind us where we have been and where we must go. It is no surprise their talks have been edifying and provocative, after all, they are preeminent environmental law scholars and environmental law actors of the first order. I suppose it should not have surprised me to see how much more weight their talks carried in the aggregate than separately, for environmental law is not the product of a few individuals, but of many environmental lawyers working in concert across the country and in successive decades. It continues to develop as a product of what is now a small army of environmental lawyers, many of them students of our lecturers and of our program here at Pace Law School.
Combination of post-operative radiotherapy and cetuximab for high-risk cutaneous squamous cell cancer of the head and neck: A propensity score analysis.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of radiotherapy plus cetuximab in high risk CSCC patients. Materials and Methods Patients with high-risk CSCC diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy plus cetuximab. Among 68 patients meeting study criteria, we identified 29 treated with cetuximab plus RT and 39 with RT alone. Primary analysis examined disease-free and overall survival, freedom from local and distant recurrence in the propensity score matched cohort. Propensity score analysis was performed with weighted factors including: Charlson Comorbidity Index score, age. KPS, primary location, T and N stage, recurrent status, margin status, LVSI, PNI and grade. Toxicity was assessed using the CTCAE v4.0. Results Median follow-up for living patients was 30 months. Patients in the cetuximab group were more likely to have advanced N stage, positive margins and recurrent disease. After propensity score matching the groups were well balanced. Six patients experienced ≥ grade 3 acute toxicity in the cetuximab group. The 1-year, 2-year and 5-year progression free survival (PFS) for patients in the cetuximab group were 86%, 72% and 66%, respectively. The 1-year, 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) for patients in the cetuximab group was 98%, 80% and 80%, respectively. Conclusions Although limited by small numbers, the combination of cetuximab and radiotherapy in CSCC appears well tolerated there were more long-term survivors and less distant metastasis in the cetuximab group. These promising finding warrant further studies.
Ca 2+ Pathways Mediating Agonist-Activated Contraction of Vascular Smooth Muscle and EDRF Release from Endothelium

Depletion of Ca2+ from the extracellular space surrounding vascular smooth muscle cells, or inhibition of Ca2+ influx into these cells by La3+, completely blocks high potassium depolarization induced force development and abbreviates that brought about by agonists such as norepinephrine (see, for example, van Breemen et a1. 1980). These well-known observations establish that force development in vascular smooth muscle is regulated by Ca2+ -dependent mechanisms, regardless of the type of myofilament interaction involved (see Rembold and Murphy 1986; Rasmussen et a1. 1987).
Patterns for the Role of Use Cases.

This paper contains a set of patterns for the role of use cases in the software development process. Use cases are seen as a mean to capture functional requirements in a way that makes it possible to drive and coordinate the work of the different roles in the team – done by having the use cases as a common center for all team members. That means that the focus for the patterns are more related to the usage of use cases than to the more technical areas related to how you write a good use case. In that sense the patterns can be seen as a supplement – or maybe a superstructure – to Steve Adolph and Paul Bramble’s “Patterns for Effective Use Cases”.
The Prevalence of Culture Change Practice in US Nursing Homes: Findings From a 2016/2017 Nationwide Survey.

Background and Objectives:Given the dynamic nursing home (NH) industry and evolving regulatory environment, depiction of contemporary NH culture-change (person/resident-centered) care practice is of interest. Thus, we aimed to portray the 2016/2017 prevalence of NH culture change-related processes a