cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subquadratic algorithms for workload-aware haar wavelet synopses

Given a signal A of N dimensions, the problem is to obtain a representation R for it that is a linear combination of vectors in the dictionary H of Haar wavelets. The quality of the representation R is determined by B, the number of vectors from H used, and δ, the error between R and A. Traditionally, δ has been the sum squared error e R=∑i (R[i]–A[i])2, in which case, Parseval's theorem from 1799 helps solve the problem of finding the R with smallest eR in O(N) time. Recently, motivated by database applications, researchers have sought other notions of error such as workload-aware error, or $\epsilon_{{\mathbf R}}^{\pi}=\sum_i \pi[i] ({\mathbf R}[i]-{\mathbf A}[i])^2$, where π[i] is the workload or the weight for i, and maximum pointwise absolute error, eg., $\epsilon_{{\mathbf R}}^{\infty}=\max_i |{\mathbf R}[i]-{\mathbf A}[i]|$. Recent results give Ω(N2) time algorithms for finding R that minimize these errors. We present subquadratic algorithms for versions of these problems. We present a near-linear time algorithm to minimize e Rπ when π is compressible. To minimize e R∞, we give an O(N2−− e) time algorithm. These algorithms follow a natural dynamic programming approach developed recently, but the improvements come from exploiting local structural properties of the Haar wavelet representations of signals we identify. Sparse approximation theory is a mature area of Mathematics that has traditionally studied signal representations with Haar wavelets. It is interesting that the past few years have seen new problems in this area motivated by Computer Science concerns: we pose a few new additional problems and some partial results.
Plerixafor as a chemosensitizing agent in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Efficacy and potential mechanisms of resistance to CXCR4 inhibition

In spite of advances in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a significant number of children with ALL are not cured of their disease. We and others have shown that signaling from the bone marrow microenvironment confers therapeutic resistance, and that the interaction between CXCR4 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) is a key mediator of this effect. We demonstrate that ALL cells that upregulate surface CXCR4 in response to chemotherapy treatment are protected from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis when co-cultured with bone marrow stroma. Treatment with the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor diminishes stromal protection and confers chemosensitivity. Using xenograft models of high-risk pediatric ALL, plerixafor plus chemotherapy induces significantly decreased leukemic burden, compared to chemotherapy alone. Further, treatment with plerixafor and chemotherapy influences surface expression of CXCR4, VLA-4, and CXCR7 in surviving ALL blasts. Finally, prolonged exposure of ALL blasts to plerixafor leads to a persistent increase in surface CXCR4 expression, along with modulation of surface expression of additional adhesion molecules, and enhanced SDF-1α-induced chemotaxis, findings that may have implications for therapeutic resistance. Our results suggest that while CXCR4 inhibition may prove useful in ALL, further study is needed to understand the full effects of targeting the leukemic microenvironment.
Differential Accumulation of Secreted AβPP Metabolites in Ocular Fluids

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) accumulates in several types of retinal degeneration and in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its source has been unclear. We detected the neuronal 695 amino acid form of amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) in the normal retina and AbetaPP751 in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and anterior eye tissues. Similar to the brain, alpha- and beta-secretases cleaved AbetaPP to soluble derivatives (sAbetaPP) alpha or beta and membrane-bound C-terminal fragments alpha or beta in the retina and RPE. Levels of sAbetaPP were particularly high in the vitreous and low in aqueous humor revealing a molecular barrier for AbetaPP. In contrast, Abeta40 and Abeta42 levels were only 50% lower in the aqueous than the vitreous humor, indicating relatively barrier-free movement of Abeta. These studies demonstrated a relatively high yield of AbetaPP and Abeta in the ocular fluids, which may serve as a trackable marker for AD. In addition, failure of free clearance from the eye may trigger retina degeneration in a manner similar to Abeta-related neurodegeneration in AD.
New modeling of cold circulating fluidized bed using neural networks

Circulating fluidized beds (CFB) are a relatively new method of forcing chemical reactions to occur in chemical and petroleum industries. In the absence of conventional means to derive a reliable model, we have devised a model of the CFB using neural networks, which have the ability to characterize such complex systems.
Vaccination without Autoantigen Protects against Collagen II-Induced Arthritis via Immune Deviation and Regulatory T Cells

Anti-inflammation immunotherapy has been successfully applied for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Mucosal vaccines against autoimmune disorders are beneficial by influencing the regulatory compartment of gut and systemic adaptive immune systems. A Salmonella vector expressing colonization factor Ag I (CFA/I), shown to behave as an anti-inflammatory vaccine, stimulates the production of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and regulatory cytokines. In this work, we queried whether Salmonella-CFA/I can protect DBA/1 mice from collagen-induced arthritis. The incidence of arthritis and cartilage loss in vaccinated DBA/1 mice was remarkably lower when compared with unprotected mice. Clinical findings were accompanied by the suppression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-27. Vaccination evoked a multi-tier response consisting of IL-4 producing Th2 cells, an increased production of TGF-beta by CD4(+) T cells, and suppression of collagen II-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation. To assess the contribution of Salmonella-CFA/I-primed CD4(+) T cells, adoptive transfer studies with total CD4(+), CD4(+)CD25(-), or CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were performed 15 days postchallenge. Mice receiving either subset showed reduced disease incidence and low clinical scores; however, mice receiving total CD4(+) T cells showed delayed disease onset by 10 days with reduced clinical scores, reduced IL-17 and IL-27, but enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta. Inhibition of TGF-beta or IL-4 compromised protective immunity. These data show that Salmonella-CFA/I vaccination of DBA/1 mice protects against collagen-induced arthritis by stimulating TGF-beta- and IL-4-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells.
Process design for manufacturability of GaAs MESFET integrated circuit using statistical experimental design techniques

A manufacturable, directly ion implanted 0.6 micrometers GaAs metal- semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET) and metal-semiconductor- metal (MSM) based opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC) process has been developed and optimized for low cost optical data link applications. Key steps in the OEIC process have been identified and statistically quantifiable process modules have been obtained to optimize the circuit performance and achieve high process yield. The statistically significant transfer characteristics of each process module was obtained through design of experiment (DOE) and response surface modeling (RSM), by utilizing both experimental data and data from experimentally calibrated process simulators. This paper discusses the PECVD Si 2 N 4 process module optimization and the backgating effects in GaAs ICs.
Advanced mass spectrometry technologies for the study of microbial pathogenesis

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) has been successfully applied to the field of microbial pathogenesis with promising results, principally in diagnostic microbiology to rapidly identify bacteria based on the molecular profiles of small cell populations. Direct profiling of molecules from serum and tissue samples by MALDI MS provides a means to study the pathogen–host interaction and to discover potential markers of infection. Systematic molecular profiling across tissue sections represents a new imaging modality, enabling regiospecific molecular measurements to be made in situ , in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. Herein, we briefly summarize work that employs MALDI MS to study the pathogenesis of microbial infection.
Acetylcholinesterase molecular forms in serum and erythrocytes of laboratory animals

Abstract 1. The distribution of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in the blood of various animal species was examined. 2. The globular tetrameric form was most frequently observed in serum but mouse serum also contained a globular monomer. 3. Globular monomers (rat) dimers (mouse, dog, rabbit) and tetramers (dog) were found in erythrocytes. 4. Interspecies differences make it difficult to formulate a cohesive theory as to the origin and function of blood-borne enzymes.
Inhibition of cathepsin K reduces cartilage degeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament transection rabbit and murine models of osteoarthritis

Abstract Objective To investigate the disease modifying effects of cathepsin K (CatK) inhibitor L-006235 compared to alendronate (ALN) in two preclinical models of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Skeletally mature rabbits underwent sham or anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-surgery and were treated with L-006235 (L-235, 10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg, PO, daily) or ALN (0.6 mg/kg, s.c., weekly) for 8-weeks. ACLT joint instability was also induced in CatK−/− versus wild type (wt) mice and treated for 16-weeks. Changes in cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone volume and osteophyte area were determined by histology and μ-CT. Collagen type I helical peptide (HP-I), a bone resorption marker and collagen type II C-telopeptide (CTX-II), a cartilage degradation marker were measured. Results L-235 (50 mg/kg) and ALN treatment resulted in significant chondroprotective effects, reducing CTX-II by 60% and the histological Mankin score for cartilage damage by 46% in the ACLT-rabbits. Both doses of L-235 were more potent than ALN in protecting against focal subchondral bone loss, and reducing HP-I by 70% compared to vehicle. L-235 (50 mg/kg) and ALN significantly reduced osteophyte formation in histomorphometric analysis by 55%. The Mankin score in ACLT-CatK−/− mice was ~ 2.5-fold lower than the ACLT-wt mice and was not different from sham-CatK−/−. Osteophyte development was not different among the groups. Conclusion Inhibition of CatK provides significant benefits in ACLT-model of OA, including: 1) protection of subchondral bone integrity, 2) protection against cartilage degradation and 3) reduced osteophytosis. Preclinical evidence supports the role of CatK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.
Developmental and genetic regulation of bacillus subtilis genes transcribed by σ28-RNA polymerase

Abstract Sigma-28 RNA polymerase is a minor form of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase that is highly specific for transcription from a small number of promoter sites in the B. subtilis genome. We have followed transcription from two of these loci (P 28-1 and P 28-2 ) in vivo using a quantitative S1 nuclease mapping procedure. Both promoters are used at a modest rate in vegetatively growing cells (about 10 RNA copies per cell) and transcripts are initiated at the same start sites as found in vitro with the purified σ 28 -RNA polymerase. Transcription from the σ 28 promoters varies somewhat with growth conditions and is shut off rapidly and almost completely after the first hour of sporulation. Neither σ 28 transcripts is detected in vegetative cells of certain B. subtilis mutants ( spoO classes A, B, E, and F) that are defective in sporulation. Transcription from these promoters is restored in second site revertants that are able to sporulate. Hence the action of σ 28 -RNA polymerase appears to be regulated by the spoO genes and the functions controlled by σ 28 -promoters may be closely tied to the system involved in the initiation of sporulation.
Enhancement of evanescent fluorescence from fiber-optic sensors by thin-film sol-gel coatings

A theoretical analysis and an experimental demonstration are presented to show the increase in collected evanescent fluorescence for a fiber-optic sensor having a high refractive-index (nr), titanium sol-gel, thin-film coating. Simulations indicated that the maximum collected fluorescence should increase and shift to smaller film thicknesses as nr increases and also predicted an interference color-filtering effect. Experimentally, collected fluorescence increased by as much as 6× over that from a bare fused-silica fiber having a numerical aperture of 0.60. Simulations and experimental data were consistent with a decrease in the effective nr as film thickness increases. Electron micrographs of the sol-gel structure supported this observation and showed that the structure differs significantly from that of films formed on a planar glass substrate. High nr, sol-gel thin films are a potentially inexpensive approach to significantly increasing the signal from fiber sensors.
Postsurgical hypotony: relationship to fistulization, inflammation, chorioretinal lesions, and the vitreous.

Abstract Hypotony is a natural occurrence, symptom, and complication of surgical treatment. With more sophisticated and aggressive surgical techniques, postsurgical hypotony recently has been given increased attention as an obstacle to success of surgery for glaucoma and retinal detachment. Whereas two standard deviations below normal pressure (15.9-5.8=10.1 mm Hg) can be called hypotonous, most eyes, depending on scleral rigidity, lid pressure, eye rubbing, or corneal or retinal edema, will be symptomatic at
The Hillman-Grassl correspondence and the enumeration of reverse plane partitions

Abstract Hillman and Grassl have devised a correspondence between reverse plane partitions and nonnegative integer arrays of the same shape that allowed them to easily enumerate reverse plane partitions and provided a combinatorial connection between hook lengths and plane partitions. In this work, a collection of properties of this correspondence are presented, including two characterizations that relate this map to the familiar Schensted-Knuth correspondence. These properties are used to derive simple expressions for the generating functions of reverse plane partitions and symmetric reverse plane partitions with respect to sums along the diagonals. Equally general results are obtained for shifted reverse plane partitions using a new type of hook, thereby proving a conjecture of Stanley.
The efficient determination of the percolation threshold by a frontier-generating walk in a gradient

The frontier in gradient percolation is generated directly by a type of self-avoiding random walk. The existence of the gradient permits one to generate an infinite walk on a computer of finite memory. From this walk, the percolation threshold pc for a two-dimensional lattice can be determined with apparently maximum efficiency for a naive Monte Carlo calculation (+or-N-12/). For a square lattice, the value pc=0.592745+or-0.000002 is found for a simulation of N=2.6*1011 total steps (occupied and blocked perimeter sites). The power of the method is verified on the Kagome site percolation case.
Oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxide spin labels in living cells.

In the presence of oxygen, cells can oxidize hydroxylamines, which are the products of the reduction of nitroxides in cells, back to nitroxides. Lipid-soluble hydroxylamines are oxidized much more rapidly than water-soluble ones, and most of this oxidation is inactivated by heat or trichloroacetic acid, indicating that the principal mechanism is enzyme-linked. The rates of oxidation of some lipophilic hydroxylamines are comparable to the rates of reduction of the corresponding nitroxides. Hydroxylamines formed by reduction of aqueous soluble nitroxides are not oxidized by cells, except for slight oxidation of some pyrrolidine derivatives. The latter is due to autoxidation. The kinetics of oxidation of reduced lipid-soluble nitroxides are all first-order with respect to hydroxylamines, regardless of the position of the nitroxide group along the carbon backbone, indicating that the oxidation occurs within the membrane. The oxidation of hydroxylamines in cells is inhibited by cyanide but not by antimycin A or SKF-525A. We also describe an effective method to oxidize hydroxylamines and follow this reaction; the method is based on the use of perdeuterated [15N]Tempone.
Molecular idetification of CBFΒ-MYH11 fusion transcripts in an AML M4Eo patient in the absence in inv16 or other abnormality by cytogenetic and FISH analyses - A rare occurence [4]

Molecular identification of CBF β -MYH11 fusion transcripts in an AML M4Eo patient in the absence of inv16 or other abnormality by cytogenetic and FISH analyses – a rare occurrence
Multiple Morphine and Enkephalin Receptors and the Relief of Pain

AFTER thousands of years, opiates remain the drugs of choice for severe pain. Their potency and ability to relieve the "hurt" associated with nociceptive stimuli without significantly altering such basic sensations as touch, temperature, and proprioception separate them from all other analgesics. Despite these advantages, side effects such as tolerance, physical dependence, respiratory depression, and constipation greatly limit their usefulness. In addition to these physiological actions of the opiates, their abuse is also a concern, but this remains uncommon in the treatment of acute pain and cancer pain. Opiates mimic the actions of a series of brain peptides and activate endogenous pain-modulating systems by binding to a number of different types of opioid receptors, each mediating distinct actions. Recent work indicates that the receptors responsible for many opiate side effects differ from those producing analgesia, implying that analgesics lacking these unwanted actions may be possible. This article reviews some physiological
193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation of imidazolinylated Lys-N peptides for de novo sequencing.

The goal of many MS/MS de novo sequencing strategies is to generate a single product ion series that can be used to determine the precursor ion sequence. Most methods fall short of achieving such simplified spectra, and the presence of additional ion series impede peptide identification. The present study aims to solve the problem of confounding ion series by enhancing the formation of "golden" sets of a, b, and c ions for sequencing. Taking advantage of the characteristic mass differences between the golden ions allows N-terminal fragments to be readily identified while other ion series are excluded. By combining the use of Lys-N, an alternate protease, to produce peptides with lysine residues at each N-terminus with subsequent imidazolinylation of the e-amino group of each lysine, peptides with highly basic sites localized at each N-terminus are generated. Subsequent MS/MS analysis by using 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) results in enhanced formation of the diagnostic golden pairs and golden triplets that are ideal for de novo sequencing.
Structural design of the large deployable reflector

An integrated Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) analysis model was developed to enable studies of system responses to the mechanical and thermal disturbances anticipated during on-orbit operations. Functional requirements of the major subsystems of the LDR are investigated, design trades are conducted, and design options are proposed. System mass and inertia properties are computed in order to estimate environmental disturbances, and in the sizing of control system hardware. Scaled system characteristics are derived for use in evaluating launch capabilities and achievable orbits. It is concluded that a completely passive 20-m primary appears feasible for the LDR from the standpoint of both mechanical vibration and thermal distortions.
Malignancy Is Associated with Dermatomyositis But Not Polymyositis in Northern New England, USA

Objective. To retrospectively evaluate the association of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and malignancy in patients seen at 1 academic center over a 23-year period. Methods. Patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition (ICD-9) codes and diagnoses, then confirmed by chart review. Population cancer statistics obtained from the US Centers for Disease Control for Vermont and New Hampshire were used for comparison. Results. Chart review confirmed IIM in 198 of 483 patients initially identified by ICD-9 codes. Within 5 years of diagnosis with IIM, malignancy developed in 32 patients (16.2%), 24 of whom (75%) had dermatomyositis (DM). Malignancy and DM developed within 1 year in 75%. The cancer risk associated with DM was much greater than the risk associated with other IIM. The most frequent tumor types were breast, lung, pancreas, and colon. DM patients with cancer were more frequently male and ≥ 45 years of age than those without cancer. There were no cases of interstitial lung disease among patients with cancer and any form of IIM. The incidence of cancer was increased in patients with DM compared to age- and sex-matched population controls, both over a 5-year interval surrounding the diagnosis of DM and over the lifetime interval following diagnosis. Conclusion. The risk of cancer in IIM is concentrated among patients with DM. The association between DM and cancer was enhanced by its temporal relationship (< 1 year) in 87.5% of these cases. Patients with malignancy-associated DM were more frequently male and over age 45 and less likely to have interstitial lung disease.
SECM Study of Solute Partitioning and Electron Transfer at the Ionic Liquid/Water Interface†

Molecular partitioning and electron-transfer kinetics have been studied at the ionic liquid/water (IL/water) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The ionic liquid C8mimC1C1N is immiscible with water and forms a nonpolarizable interface when in contact with it. Partitioning of ferrocene (Fc) across the IL/water interface was studied by SECM and found to be kinetically fast with a partition coefficient CIL/CW of 2400:1. The partition coefficient value was measured by SECM under quasi-steady-state conditions without waiting for complete solute equilibration. To investigate the kinetics of the electron transfer (ET) between aqueous ferricyanide and Fc dissolved in IL, a new approach to the analysis of the SECM current−distance curves was developed to separate the contributions of Fc partitioning and the ET reaction to the tip current. Several combinations of different aqueous and nonaqueous redox species were investigated; however, only the Fc/Fe(CN)63- system behaved according to the Butl...
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: modulation by intraventricular injection of myelin basic protein.

Abstract Antigen-induced suppression and therapy of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats was studied using guinea pig myelin basic protein administered either intravenously or intraventricularly. A small intraventricular dose of basic protein was effective when given shortly before the onset of clinical signs (suppression) as well as when given after the disease (therapy). In contrast, the same amount of basic protein administered intravenously was effective only in the therapy of disease.
Deterrence in a Divided World: Emerging Problems for Malpractice Law in an Era of Managed Care

Growth of managed care in the United States health care market presents a significant obstacle to the capacity of malpractice law to deter injury-causing behavior. Recent case law demonstrates that courts have not been able to develop a coherent analytical framework for assessing the liability of managed care organizations (MCO). Actions against MCOs are typically short-circuited by ERISA preemption, or are brought only in an indirect manner under theories of vicarious liability. Poor ascription of liability thus takes its place on a well-established list of obstacles to effective deterrence. An enticing solution to this problem is to hasten the development of legal standards that are better able to deal with the influence of cost-containment strategies and the role MCOs play in determining the standard of care delivered. However, efforts to refashion malpractice doctrine in this way are likely to face some challenging conceptual problems. The MCO liability problem instead provides new impetus to examine the enterprise liability model as an alternative approach to reform. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring phenology variations of different forest types from 2000 to 2008 in contiguous United States using MODIS LAI measurements

The strong relationships between vegetation phenology and global climate change have been found in recent years, especially with increasing popularity and availability of satellite data. Accurate estimates of canopy phenology are critical to quantify carbon and water exchange between forests and the atmosphere and its response to climate change. The objective of this study is to detect the spatial distribution of vegetation phenology with remote sensing and to quantitatively examine the linkage between forest phenology and forest type in contiguous United States. In particular, we focus on phenology variation between different forest types. To achieve this goal, we utilize LAI measurements from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2000 to 2007 to identify phenological transition dates. The transition dates are then related to MODIS land cover type product to assess land cover type dependent phonological variation during 8 years. The results show that both evergreen forests and deciduous forests have an annual cycle of vegetation phenology. Greenup onset days vary diversely among different forest types. The phenology variation range of deciduous needle leaf forests is larger than that of deciduous broadleaf forests. Compared to greenup days, dormancy days have a little difference between different forest types. Grow length of different land cover varies obviously during 8 years.
New Algorithms for Bin Packing

In the bin-packing problem a list L of n numbers are to be packed into unit-capacity bins. For any algorithm S, let r(S) be the maximum ratio S(L)/L* for large L*, where S(L) denotes the number of bins used by S and L* denotes the minimum number needed. An on-line O(n log n)-time algorithm RFF with r(RFF) = 5/3 and an off-line polynomial-time algorithm RFFD with r(RFFD) ≤ 11/9 - e for some fixed e > 0, are given. These are strictly better, respectively, than two prominent algorithms: the First-Fit (FF), which is on-line with r(FF) = 17/10, and the First-Fit-Decreasing (FFD) with r(FFD) = 11/9. Furthermore, it is shown that any on-line algorithm S must have r(S) ≥ 3/2. The question, “How well can an o(n log n)-time algorithm perform?” is also discussed. It is shown that in the generalized d-dimensional bin packing, any o(n log n)-time algorithm S must have r(S) ≥ d.
Staging transitions at constant concentration in intercalated graphite

Abstract A brief review is presented of diffraction measurements versus temperature or pressure at fixed total concentration on Li- and K-GICs respectively. The observed staging transitions exhibit a wide variety of behavior, not all of which can be understood in terms of existing models. Very weak “superlattice” reflections in dilute Li compounds at high T are attributed to a small but finite effect of the host elastic energy, revealed by an increasingly small difference between the thicknesses of filled and empty galleries as the in-plane density approaches zero.
Crystal Structure of the PXR-T1317 Complex Provides a Scaffold to Examine the Potential for Receptor Antagonism

The human pregnane X receptor (PXR) recognizes a range of structurally and chemically distinct ligands and plays a key role in regulating the expression of protective gene products involved in the metabolism and excretion of potentially harmful compounds. The identification and development of PXR antagonists is desirable as a potential way to control the up-regulation of drug metabolism pathways during the therapeutic treatment of disease. We present the 2.8A resolution crystal structure of the PXR ligand binding domain (LBD) in complex with T0901317 (T1317), which is also an agonist of another member of the orphan class of the nuclear receptor superfamily, the liver X receptor (LXR). In spite of differences in the size and shape of the receptors' ligand binding pockets, key interactions with this ligand are conserved between human PXR and human LXR. Based on the PXR-T1317 structure, analogues of T1317 were generated with the goal of designing an PXR antagonist effective via the receptor's ligand binding pocket. We find that selectivity in activating PXR versus LXR was achieved; such compounds may be useful in addressing neurodegenerative diseases like Niemann-Pick C. We were not successful, however, in producing a PXR antagonist. Based on these observations, we conclude that the generation of PXR antagonists targeted to the ligand binding pocket may be difficult due to the promiscuity and structural conformability of this xenobiotic sensor.
The ability of polyethylene glycol conjugated bovine hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) to adequately deliver oxygen in both exchange transfusion and top-loaded rat models.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a six gram percent (g%) solution of the hemoglobin based oxygen carrier, polyethylene glycol conjugated bovine hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) could adequately deliver oxygen in both partial exchange transfusion and top-loaded rat models. This study measured tissue oxygen tension, circulatory retention and cardiovascular effects following both 30% exchange transfusion and 20 to 25 mL/kg top-loaded infusions of PEG-Hb. Oxygen delivery to rat tissues was determined using an oxygen dependant phosphorescence quenching method (Oxyspot®). Telemetric intravascular blood pressure probes monitored heart rate and mean arterial pressure. In both models, six g% PEG-Hb (P50 - 15 torr) was shown to oxygenate tissue better than stroma-free bovine Hb (P50 - 26 torr), cross-linked bovine Hb (P50 - 48 torr) or simple plasma expanders. The mean circulatory half life of PEG-Hb was 15.0 ± 2.3 hours and 17.4 + 1.6 hours for exchange transfusion and 25 mL/kg top-loaded rat models, respecti...
Nonepileptic psychogenic status: Markedly prolonged psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Little is known about markedly prolonged psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) though they are reported in up to 78% of PNES. Entry to the tertiary referral epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) is often urgent and the stay usually brief, resulting thus far in almost no data regarding outcomes. The American Epilepsy Society (AES) Nonepileptic Seizure Task Force was asked to gather evidence for consensus of practice and treatment for PNES and its spectrum. As part of the subcommittee focusing on "pseudostatus epilepticus," we sent questionnaires to AES membership inquiring about markedly prolonged events, which we call nonepileptic psychogenic status (NEPS). Ninety U.S. and international neurologists from at least 19 states in the United States responded, with approximately 45% reporting that they do not distinguish NEPS from PNES. Eighty percent of responders considered a period of 20 minutes or longer as "prolonged." Lack of consensus between responders on how to manage these patients was uncovered. The NES Task Force subcommittee on "pseudostatus" recommends that the duration of PNES is tracked and those events lasting 20 minutes or longer, with or without change in level of consciousness, are considered NEPS. Future research needs are discussed.
Geminate recombination of iodine atoms in solution: A generalized langevin treatment including the effect of electronically inelastic transitions

Abstract The geminate recombination of iodine atoms in liquid carbon tetrachloride has been modeled theoretically using the generalized Langevin model of Adelman, which accounts for the cage effect, and allowing for electronically inelastic transitions between various I 2 potential curves by the semiclassical model used earlier by us. The results show that electronic inelasticity is an important feature (providing a factor of 2 or greater change in the recombination probability) of the recombination process. They are also in excellent agreement with available experimental results.
COGNITIVE SOCIALIZATION AND COMPETENCE: THE ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHICANOS*

EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; *Child Development; Children; *Cognitive Development; Competence; Early Childhood Education; Educational Research; Elementary School Students; Elementary Secondary Education; Family Characteristics; *Family Environment; Family Influence; *Mexican American Education; Mexican Americans; Parent Child Relationship; *Socialization IDENTIFIERS *Chicanos; Hispanic American Students
Survival of White Ibises ( Eudocimus albus ) in response to chronic experimental methylmercury exposure

Although methylated mercury (MeHg) is known to have neurological, immunological, reproductive, and endocrine effects on vertebrates at low environmental exposure levels, effects on survival of exposed birds have not been demonstrated in the wild. Here, we report on survival of the same group of White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) during exposure to 4 levels of dietary MeHg in captivity and later as depurated free-ranging animals. Ibises were chronically exposed in captivity to dietary MeHg in groups at 0 (control), 0.05 (Low), 0.1 (Medium) and 0.3 (High) ppm MeHg ww for 43 months. No differences in annualized survival among captive MeHg groups were seen within age classes. Survival of all ages taken together was significantly lower for Control birds than for Low or Medium dosed birds, but was not different from High dosed birds. While this might be evidence of a hormetic effect, none of the captive results support the prediction that MeHg impairs survival. Using a mark-recapture analysis we found no effects of dose group or of Hg exposure on survival or resight probabilities during the first 99 days post-release to the wild. The latter results suggest that there is no lasting, post-depuration effect of even high MeHg exposure (0.3 ppm ww dietary) on survival. While these results agree with a variety of studies of survival of free-ranging birds, we suggest many survival studies have been confounded by seasonal depuration through molt, and variation in exposure rates. We suggest future studies concentrate on evaluating survival effects during nonmolting periods in species for which methylmercury exposure is relatively constant.
Frequency pulling in Josephson junctions

Abstract The frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a Josephson junction is pulled to a resonant frequency of a surrounding cavity. This effect occurs without modification of the Josephson voltage-frequency relationship.
Phosphate anion chelation and base-pairing. Design of receptors and carriers for nucleotides and nucleotide analogues

Abstract A rational approach to the development of effective carriers for the through-membrane transport of GMP (guanosine 5′-monophosphate) at neutral pH is described. The approach detailed is a ditopic one predicated on the use of nucleic acid-base ‘nucleobase’ subunits to provide stabilizing hydrogen bonding interactions and the use of expanded porphyrin anion binding subunits to provide phosphate chelation. Appropriate background studies along with the synthesis of a functioning state-of-the-art system are reported. In addition, the reasons for preparing such GMP transport systems are presented in full.
Pion-quark scattering model for lepton pair production

Author(s): Debeau, CM; Silverman, D | Abstract: A model for lepton pair production from quark-antiquark annihilation is presented in which antiquarks are obtained from constituent pions and form factors are included to account for the transverse-momentum dependence. The single-lepton spectrum and the lepton-pair spectra in mass squared, transverse momentum, and longitudinal momentum are calculated and compared with proton- and pion-beam experiments. © 1978 The American Physical Society.
Personality Preferences and Foreign Language Learning

The faculty of the University of Hawaii at Manoa has decided to require one year of a foreign language for all students beginning in 1988. Those entering in 1989 will be required to complete two years before graduation. "All students" includes not only those of arts and sciences but also those of the professional schools, including business, education, engineering, nursing, social work, and tropical agriculture. None of these professional schools has ever required a foreign language. This paper reports a preliminary analysis of data aimed at finding out what new learning and teaching strategies these new students will require. The primary focus is on personality, the characteristic ways in which people respond to the world and the ways they prefer to learn. Although some relationships between personality and language learning have been explored, apparently no previous study has sought to compare the approaches of language learners with those of other disciplines. The effect of personality on language learning has been studied a number of times.2 For example, Rossier found a positive correlation between extraversion and oral fluency in English. Outgoing people get higher ratings. Such announcements, while interesting, do not tell the teacher who stands in front of a classroom
The rhetoric of androgyny as revealed in the feminine mystique

Despite the feminist controversy regarding whether gender differences exist in discourse style, it appears that one of the most prominent leaders of the conservative wing of the feminist movement, Betty Friedan, strategically employed an androgynous rhetorical style in her crucial feminist document. The Feminine Mystique. Through an analysis of that text, this essay argues that by employing the “rhetoric of androgyny,” Friedan creates a mainstream feminist audience whose ideology ultimately transcends oppressive gender dichotomizations.
A note on group actions on homology spheres

Abstract We study group actions on homology spheres and find that, unlike the case for homologically trivial actions, in the nonhomologically trivial case there exists an obstruction to the existence of such actions.
Two-Body Photodisintegration of He 3

A discussion and comparison of the two forms of interaction, A\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}p and E\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}r, is given for two-body photodisintegration of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$. It is shown that in general the E\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}r results are much better than the A\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}p results. Calculations are carried out to 140 MeV to compare with recent data. The Gunn-Irving wave function gives a good fit to the total cross section at all energies, but fails to account for the ground-state matter form factor. A simple three-nucleon ground-state wave function is suggested which adequately reproduces the Coulomb energy, rms radius, and matter form factor (for ${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}3.5$ ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$) of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, but predicts a photodisintegration cross section which is 20% small at the peak, assuming no final-state interactions. The spin magnetic-moment interaction, which Verde has shown is forbidden in the dipole approximation for transitions from a spatially symmetric ground state, is computed without this approximation and is shown to contribute only 1-10% of the total cross section, the larger amount only at high energies.
Extensive mtDNA variation within the yellow-pine chipmunk, Tamias amoenus (Rodentia: Sciuridae), and phylogeographic inferences for northwest North America.

The yellow-pine chipmunk, Tamias amoenus, is common in xerophytic forests throughout much of northwest North America. We analyzed cytochrome b sequence variation from 155 individuals representing 57 localities across the distribution of T. amoenus including 10 additional species of Tamias. Maximum likelihood and parsimony tree estimation methods were used in conjunction with nested clade analysis to infer both deep and population-level processes. Our results indicate that two currently recognized subspecies of T. amoenus (T. a. canicaudus and T. a. cratericus) are not nested within other samples of T. amoenus. Maximum uncorrected levels of intraspecific sequence divergence within remaining samples of T. amoenus are >7%. Substantial geographic variation is characterized by 12 well-supported clades that correspond to distinct mountain ranges, but do not necessarily follow existing subspecific taxonomy. Significant association between geography and genealogy was detected within many of these clades and can be attributed to different population-level processes including past fragmentation, recent range expansion, and isolation by distance.
Culturally tailored postsecondary nutrition and health education curricula for indigenous populations

Background. In preparation for the initial offering of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), Interior Aleutians Campus Rural Nutrition Services (RNS) program, a literature review was conducted to establish the need for the proposed program and to substantiate the methodology for delivering integrated, culturally tailored postsecondary education and extension to Alaska Natives and rural Alaskans. There was a striking absence of peer-reviewed journal articles describing culturally tailored postsecondary health curricula for indigenous populations. Objective. To complete and discuss a current (November 2012) literature review for culturally tailored postsecondary health curricula designed and delivered for indigenous populations. Methods/Design. The author conducted an expanded online search that employed multiple configurations of key terms using Google and Google Scholar, as well as pertinent sources. The author located archived reports in person and contacted authors by email. Results. The expanded search produced a modest amount of additional literature for review. A disappointing number of publications describing or evaluating culturally tailored postsecondary health curricula in mainstream institutions are available. Related resources on culturally tailored extension and resources for the development and delivery of culturally tailored nutrition and health curricula were identified. Conclusions. The present results demonstrate a significant absence of literature on the topic, which may or may not indicate the absence of sufficient culturally tailored postsecondary health curricula for indigenous populations. There are indications that culturally tailored postsecondary health curricula for indigenous populations have the potential to effectively address certain issues of health literacy and health disparities. Keywords: cultural tailoring; postsecondary education; nutrition; indigenous; health; health literacy (Published: 5 August 2013) This paper is part of Supplement 1, 2013, ICCH15 Proceedings . More papers from this Supplement can be found here . Citation: Int J Circumpolar Health 2013, 72 : 21144 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v72i0.21144
Solution of linear and nonlinear equations by optical methods.

An entirely optical method is proposed for solving linear and nonlinear equations. A possible implementation of a simultaneous equation solver (or equivalently an integral equation solver) is discussed. Two methods of matrix by matrix multiplication using random phase masks are proposed and shown to enable the optical solution of matrix equations (or equivalently the solution of 2-D integral equations) as well as nonlinear equations.
Primary Care, Income Inequality, and Stroke Mortality in the United States: A Longitudinal Analysis, 1985–1995

Background and Purpose— The goal of this study was to test whether primary care reduces the impact of income inequality on stroke mortality. Methods— This study used pooled time-series cross-sectional analysis of 11 years of state-level data (n=549). Analyses controlled for education levels, unemployment, racial/ethnic composition, and percent urban. Contemporaneous and time-lagged covariates were modeled. Results— Primary care was negatively associated with stroke mortality in models including all covariates ( P P P >0.05). Conclusions— In the absence of social policy that addresses sociodemographic determinants of health, primary care promotion may serve as a palliative strategy for combating stroke mortality and reducing the adverse impact of income inequality on health.
Firm's information-sharing policy and strike incidence

Abstract A model is build to study when the firm will share the information (open the books) regarding the true state of its profit with the workers. It is shown that when book-opening is allowed, strikes cannot be an equilibrium outcome. It is argued that the pure strategy of always opening the books is adopted only because the firm fails to credibly commit itself to a mixed strategy.
Determinants of the Variability of Aflatoxin–Albumin Adduct Levels in Ghanaians

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multifactorial disease with various host and environmental factors involved in its etiology. Of these, aflatoxin exposure has been established as an important risk factor in the development of HCC; the presence of aflatoxin-albumin (AA) adducts in the blood serves as a valuable biomarker of human exposure. In this study, the relationship between a variety of different HCC host factors and the incidence of AA adduct levels was examined in a Ghanaian population at high risk for HCC. These factors included age, gender, hepatitis virus B (HVB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) status, and genetic polymorphisms in both microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Blood samples were analyzed for AA adducts and HBV and HCV status. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms and mEH exon 3 and exon 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined from urine samples. In univariate analysis, age, HBV and HVC status, and GSTT1 and mEH exon 3 genotypes were not associated with AA adduct levels. However, mean adduct levels were significantly higher in both females and individuals typed heterozygous for mEH exon 4 (vs. wild types). Stratification analysis also showed that gender along with mEH exon 4 genotype and HBV status had a significant effect on adduct levels. Both females typed HBsAg+ and males with mEH exon 4 heterozygote genotypes showed significantly higher adduct levels as compared to the HBsAg- and wild types, respectively. Understanding the relationships between these host factors and the variability in aflatoxin-adduct levels may help in identifying susceptible populations in developing countries and for targeting specific public health interventions for the prevention of aflatoxicoses in populations with HCC and chronic liver diseases.