cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRANSMISSION OF AORTIC ACCELERATION FORCES TO INTRACRANIAL ARTERIES IN NEWBORN INFANTS: A PULSED DOPPLER (PD) STUDY

Recent work suggests absence of elastic elements and lack of reticular fibers in major intracranial (IC) arteries of premature infants, (J. Neurosurg. 85 Hegedus). To study the hemodynamic counterpart of this structural immaturity, we measured the fractional transmission of aortic acceleration (ACC) forces to the IC arteries. Using standard cardiac Doppler techniques and a real time PD device (HP 770200) we measured cardiac out put (CO), maximum velocity (V max), ACC (dVmax/dt), and other time intervals in the aorta & IC vessels. Scanning via the temporal bone, (Transcranial Doppler. Raju JUM. 86) we studied the middle cerebral artery, (MCA) and via the fontanelle, the basilar and anterior cerebral artelres (ACA) in real time with flow/Doppler angle of <5°. Results in 4 term and 4 stable preterms (Wt. 1.2 Kg, GA 3.3 wks) were: 1) Higher aortic V max and ACC in term Vs preterm. 2) But a significantly larger % of aortic ACC transmission to all IC arteries in preterms as compared to the term. We conclude that transmission of high acceleration forces to preterm infants' brain vessels lacking elastic elements could render them vulnerable for intracranial hemorrhage. (*Preterm Vs term. p<0.05, ANOVA and Tukey's test)
Experimental and finite element analysis of doubly reinforced concrete slabs subjected to blast loads

Abstract This paper presents research on the response and behavior of both high strength concrete (107 MPa) and normal strength concrete (27.6 MPa) slabs doubly reinforced with high strength low alloy vanadium (HSLA-V) reinforcement (VR) and conventional steel reinforcing bars (NR) subjected to explosive loads. Four types of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs namely High Strength Concrete (HSC) with HSLA-V Steel Reinforcing bars (HSC-VR), High Strength Concrete with Conventional Steel Reinforcing bars (HSC-NR), Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) with HSLA-V Steel Reinforcing bars (NSC-VR), and Normal Strength Concrete with Conventional Steel Reinforcing bars (NSC-NR) have been studied and compared both experimentally and numerically. The slabs were subjected to blast loads using a shock tube capable of generating both positive and negative phase pressures. Data collected during the dynamic experiments consisted of reflected pressure obtained from several pressure gages arranged along the perimeter of the test article and mid-span deflections captured from an accelerometer, a laser device, and high speed video. The numerical analysis was performed with the commercial program LS-DYNA using two material models. The concrete material models considered were Winfrith Concrete Model (WCM) and Concrete Damage Model Release 3 (CDMR3). Results from the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental values to determine material parameters and other finite element model related constraints. Mesh sensitivity and crack propagation studies were also conducted. From this study it was observed that CDMR3 and WCM can be used over a wider range of concrete compressive strengths. The advantages and disadvantages of using high strength materials are discussed.
Speech-processing capacity in young and older adults: A dual-task study.

Adult age differences in processing speech were examined with a dual-task paradigm. Subjects listened to spoken passages for later recall while performing a concurrent reaction time task intended to index cognitive capacity usage on the speech memory task. Age differences in secondary task decision latencies were eliminated when subgroups of young and older subjects were matched on working memory span. These findings are interpreted as showing that an age-related reduction in working memory efficiency contributes to age differences in processing discourse for memory.
A role-based access control model and reference implementation within a corporate intranet

This paper describes NIST's enhanced RBAC model and our approach to designing and implementing RBAC features for networked Web servers. The RBAC model formalized in this paper is based on the properties that were first described in Ferraiolo and Kuhn [1992] and Ferraiolo et al. [1995], with adjustments resulting from experience gained by prototype implementations, market analysis, and observations made by Jansen [1988] and Hoffman [1996]. The implementation of RBAC for the Web (RBAC/Web) provides an alternative to the conventional means of administering and enforcing authorization policy on a server-by-server basis. RBAC/Web provides administrators with a means of managing authorization data at the enterprise level, in a manner consistent with the current set of laws, regulations, and practices.
Geocomposite sheet drain joining

Abstract This short paper is focused on the joining of the edges and/or ends of geocomposite sheet drain panels or rolls to one another, or to their outlet structures. Experimental data are given for the amount of overlap needed for tensile strength mobilization and details are provided on various outlet connections.
A practical method for counting arbitrary target objects in arbitrary scenes

Counting objects such as estimating the number of cells in a microscopic image or the number of pedestrians in a surveillance video is usually accomplished using a counting by detection approach. However, such approaches require explicit object modeling and object detection, and thus often run into problems in the presence of mutual occlusion between objects in the scene. We extend a supervised learning framework that bypasses the challenges in object detection and instead focuses on estimating an object density whose integral over an image region quickly yields the count of objects. Our extensions make it practical for arbitrary objects and scenes. In particular, we automatically determine the area of interest through the motion flow of the objects in the scene, and compensate for perspective effect when it is sensed to be present. Extensive experiments using cells, crowds, traffic, and birds data sets have shown the robustness of the method for a wide range of humanity benefitting applications including security, transportation, biomedicine, ecology, environment, and urban planning.
Letter to the Editor: Premature Aging of Fibroblasts from Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A recent publication by Liechti-Gallati, et al., entitled "Abnormal Growth Kinetics and 5' Nucleotidase Activities in Cultured Skin Fibroblasts from Patients with Ducheme Muscular Dystrophy" claimed that these fibroblasts have altered growth characteristics which represent a premature aging syndrome (4). Their data is in direct conflict with our published findings that show no alterations in the growth kinetics or the in vitro lifespan of fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (9, 10). Ducheme muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder (4), with no clinical indications of premature aging. For this disorder to be a segmental progeroid syndrome, there should consistently be a diminished in vitro replicative lifespan, as is the case with progeria and Werner's syndrome (5). Thus the explanation for the differences in our two sets of data suggests that the diminished response reported by Liechti-Gallati, et al. (4) may not be an intrinsic property of DMD fibroblasts. In order to examine these differences, we are presenting our data for log-phase growth rate, plating effficiency, and in vitro lifespan (Table 1). The in vitro lifespan data have been published (10). The cell strains used to initiate the cultures were obtained from the mesial aspect of the forearm and in most instances at least one control biopsy was cultured simultaneously with the biopsy from a DMD patient. These cells were cultured in Dulbecw's modification of minimal essential media plus 10% fetal bovine serum and were passaged at weekly intervals with 0.04% trypsin buffered with Puck's saline A containing 1 mM EDTA. In several instances we were able to obtain control cultures from normal brothers differing only 1-4 years in age (As-A4, A33-A34, A~S-A~~). The initial outgrowth from the tissue explants was monitored to insure that there were no differences between experimental and control cultures. There were no differences in the log
Low prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas from North America: analysis by a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction-based approach

Several studies have documented the frequent occurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) in patients from geographic regions where the incidence of this type of cancer is high, such as parts of China. However, the prevalence of HPV infection in ESCC in patients from low incidence geographic regions, such as North America, remains controversial. Therefore, this study evaluates the prevalence of HPV in ESCC in patients from North America, a region where the population is considered at low risk for the development of this neoplasm. ESCCs in 51 patients from three North American cities were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA by a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Tumor DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens and assayed by PCR using an L1 HPV consensus sequence primer, as well as HPV 16 and HPV 18 E7 region primers. The use of consensus primers to the L1 region allows for detection of most known HPV types and many novel HPV types. Appropriately sized reaction products were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to confirm the presence and type of HPV, and to exclude products produced by amplification of human DNA sequences. After complete analysis, only one case (2%) of ESCC was HPV DNA positive. This case was independently confirmed using L1 and E7 consensus primers as HPV type 16 and was the only case that tested positive with either assay. These results show that, in contrast to geographic regions where ESCC is prevalent, HPV infection occurs infrequently in association with ESCC in patients from North America.
Field and Laboratory Studies of the Toxicity to Phytoplankton of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Desorbed from Fine Clays and Natural Suspended Particulates

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs; Aroclor 1254) were adsorbed to natural (Hudson River and New York Bight) and commercial (illite) particles in the laboratory, then allowed to desorb for several hours into the surrounding aqueous medium in the presence of either of two laboratory strains of diatom species or a complete natural phytoplankton assemblage. Cell density, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll a concentration in the cultures were followed for 2 to 3 days. In two experiments, PCB-carrying natural particles were removed after desorption and prior to the introduction of algae. All incubations were carried out in the laboratory or in dialysis membrane bags suspended in the tidal channel of an estuarine marsh. Cultures containing 90 μg of illite-bound Aroclor 1254/L of water were severely damaged within 4 hours, by which time 72% of the PCBs had desorbed from particles and become available to the diatoms. Similarly, a natural phytoplankton community, incubated under natural conditions in the presence of 50 μg of Hudson River sediment-associated PCB/L of water, registered significant reductions of photosynthesis and chlorophyll a content for at least 3 days. When PCB-bearing New York Bight particles were removed from the medium prior to the introduction of algae, sufficient desorbed PCBs remained to reduce growth rates and chlorophyll a content of the culture. The latter experiment clearly demonstrates particle to water to cell transfer of desorbed PCBs.
The effect of timeout duration on frequency of aggression in hospitalized children with conduct disorders

Timeout has been shown to be an effective procedure in the treatment of aggressive behaviors. Previous research, however, has not provided evidence to support the use of a particular timeout duration in the treatment of aggressive behavior. This study compared the effectiveness of four different timeout durations (1, 5, 10, and 20 min) in the treatment of aggressive behavior in hospitalized children with conduct disorders. Results did not support the use of extended periods of timeout, but suggested that 5 min duration was as or more effective than the other tested durations.
Resident involvement in civilian tactical emergency medicine.

Background: Tactical emergency medicine services (TEMS) has emerged as a specialized niche within the field of emergency medicine. With increasing demand for physician participation in civilian tactical teams, there will be efforts by residents to become involved at earlier points in their clinical training. Objectives: This article discusses resident involvement with a civilian TEMS unit and provides five maxims for emergency physicians to better understand the difference between working in the emergency department or with emergency medical services vs. in a TEMS environment. Discussion: Differences between TEMS and other trauma life support models, institutional and political barriers likely to be encountered by the resident, the value of preventive medicine and the role of the physician in long-term tactical operations, opportunities for subspecialty growth, and the role of operational security are all discussed in detail. Conclusion: Tactical emergency medicine is a specialty that utilizes the full array of the emergency physician's skill set. It is also a field that is ripe for continued expansion, but the resident looking to become involved with a team should be aware of the requirements necessary to do so and the obstacles likely to be encountered along the way.
Instar Susceptibility of the Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) to the Neogregarine Parasite,Ophryocystis elektroscirrha

The susceptibility of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae to the neogregarine parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, was tested in the laboratory. Spore loads recovered from infected monarch butterflies were directly related to the inoculum level, larval stage of the host, and spore age. There was a linear relationship between spores ingested by first instar larvae and spore concentration. Larvae feeding on leaves treated with 0, 50, 500, 5000, or 50,000 spores averaged 0, 0, 193, 457, or 1,255 spores, respectively, on the abdomens of the adult butterflies. When first, third, and fifth instar larvae were given 14.5 spores/mg of body weight, there was no significant difference in the spore load of the adults resulting from the first and third instars. However, there were significant differences in the spore load from adults resulting from the first and third instars versus the fifth instar. In addition, 1-year-old spores were not as infectious as fresh spores. Our findings indicate that under field conditions, the first instar is most likely to become infected because one spore appears sufficient to produce a detectable spore load in the adult. Older instars are less susceptible and have fewer opportunities to encounter sufficient viable spores for infection to occur. Thus, vertical transmission appears to be the primary mode of parasite maintenance in natural populations of monarch butterflies.
Excitation spectrum of a generalised Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain with arbitrary spin

The m-magnon bound state (or soliton) excitation spectrum of an exactly solvable generalisation of the Heisenberg spin chain with arbitrary S is described. It is in qualitative agreement with predictions based on the classical continuum model. The classical limit of the generalised model is obtained.
An Electronic Register Sender for Step-by-Step Automatic Telephone Systems

An electronic register sender that uses electronic/ electromechanical interfaces to receive dialed information via special relay sets positioned between the linefinders and first selectors of a step-by-step telephone system is described. These interfaces are connected in turn via time-divided highways to a common control circuit. The common control has a recirculating memory that stores the information for all interfaces and has access to a translator. It provides for classes of service, extended area service (EAS) and direct distance dialing (DDD) calls, and can be added to existing systems.
Direct, Indirect, and Trace Effects of Personality Variables on Role Adjustment

A three-month study examined the effects of personality on role adjustment processes among 102 entering MBA students. Path analysis showed that indirect effects, and the concept of trace effects, of initially measured neuroticism and external locus of control accounted for more variance in later role ambiguity and role-related stress than did a major source of environmental variation. One of the important indirect effects was the path from initial role ambiguity to initial emotional stress to subsequent role ambiguity. However, specific behaviors identified as instrumental to role definition were not predictable from personality variables, raising the possibility that personality effects on role adjustment may be mediated more by cognitive rather than overt behavioral processes.
Introduction to 5-year followup treatment outcome studies.

National evaluations of drug treatment outcomes and processes over the past 30 years have been an important source of ‘‘real-world’’ evidence for the effectiveness of treatment in the U.S. While they are more limited than experimental protocols in their capacity to establish scientific causality, they excel in documenting naturally occurring patterns of treatment delivery and patient recovery. The Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS) is the third national evaluation of community-based treatment effectiveness funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Flynn, Craddock, Hubbard, Anderson, & Etheridge, 1997) following the Drug Abuse Reporting Program from the 1970s (see Simpson & Sells, 1982, 1990) and the Treatment Outcomes Prospective Study from the 1980s (see Hubbard, Marsden, Rachal, Harwood, Cavanaugh, & Ginzburg, 1989). The National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS) has followed the same general model to provide the first large-scale evaluation of its kind in the United Kingdom (Gossop, Marsden, Stewart, & Kidd, 2003). Sets of papers focused on 1-year outcomes and treatment process from DATOS and NTORS have been published in special issues of Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (Simpson & Curry, 1997) and Drug and Alcohol Dependence (Simpson & Brown, 1999), and evaluations of treatment for adolescents in DATOS were reported in a special issue of the Journal of Adolescent Research (Grella & Hser, 2001). Overviews of 1-year and 5-year treatment outcomes for adult cocaine users were also reported in Archives of General Psychiatry (Simpson, Joe, Fletcher, Hubbard, & Anglin, 1999; Simpson, Joe, & Broome, 2002), along with 1-year treatment outcomes for adolescents (Hser et al., 2001). Bullet reports and charts that summarize findings of 75 publications from DATOS are available on its website at www.datos.org. Outcome evaluations reported in this issue and previously were conducted by the four collaborating research cen-
Initiation of the Protein C Pathway

The protein C activation system provides an interesting model for the control of coagulation. Expression of the critical receptor appears to be under the control of inflammatory mediators. Open questions of considerable importance relate to the physiological significance of these observations. Preliminary evidence is emerging that thrombomodulin is down-regulated in patients and animals with inflammation, but it remains to be determined if the loss of thrombomodulin causes the thrombotic complications or occurs in response to these complications.
SCION: Scalability, Control, and Isolation on Next-Generation Networks

We present the first Internet architecture designed to provide route control, failure isolation, and explicit trust information for end-to-end communications. SCION separates ASes into groups of independent routing sub-planes, called trust domains, which then interconnect to form complete routes. Trust domains provide natural isolation of routing failures and human misconfiguration, give endpoints strong control for both inbound and outbound traffic, provide meaningful and enforceable trust, and enable scalable routing updates with high path freshness. As a result, our architecture provides strong resilience and security properties as an intrinsic consequence of good design principles, avoiding piecemeal add-on protocols as security patches. Meanwhile, SCION only assumes that a few top-tier ISPs in the trust domain are trusted for providing reliable end-to-end communications, thus achieving a small Trusted Computing Base. Both our security analysis and evaluation results show that SCION naturally prevents numerous attacks and provides a high level of resilience, scalability, control, and isolation.
Closed form models for dwell point locations in automated storage carousel systems

This research focuses on determining the optimal dwell point location in an automated storage carousel system (ASCS) to minimise the expected response time for incoming service requests (storages and retrievals). This can be achieved by modelling the problem as a minisum location problem on a line segment with two-dimensional existing facilities (demands) using a continuous approximation of the individual storage locations of the ASCS. Closed form solutions of the associated dwell point location problem have been provided for the two different cases used to model this problem. These two cases arise from the two possible different configurations of the ASCS parameters; the travel times in circumference and height.
Identifying patient safety problems during team rounds: an ethnographic study

Triggered by the 1999 Institute of Medicine report, To Err is Human, 1 patient safety has become a prominent part of the medicine culture. Hospitals and residency programmes have increased patient safety awareness and education.2–4 In fact, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education had made explicit its high expectations around quality and safety in the curriculum and the practice environment.5 Many methods exist to identify patient safety issues for quality improvement purposes.6 One study looked at incident reporting, malpractice claims, executive walk rounds, patient complaints and risk management reports to identify areas of overlap7 and found that each had its own strengths and weaknesses. Medical wards may offer additional opportunities to collect safety data and incident reporting. In fact, direct observation of rounds has been used to identify adverse events.8 Therefore, we set out to assess how often patient safety issues occur in daily rounds on medicine wards, what types of issues they are, and how often they are addressed. ### Setting An academic veterans affairs medical Centre. ### Study design and subjects This was an observational study conducted between April and June 2012. Inpatient medicine and cardiology team members participated. These teams were chosen because both had inpatient services with similar call schedules. Teams included interns, residents, attending physicians, medical students, pharmacists and pharmacy students. One observer (ARL) conducted all of the observations. In order to optimise reliability, four of the initial observations were done by two observers, and their findings were compared. This allowed subsequent data collection by the single observer to be more open to the insights provided by the secondary reviewers. The primary (ARL) and one secondary observer (KL) had special training through the VA's Chief Resident in Quality and Safety programme.9 This training included a 5-day ‘boot camp’ with sessions that taught advanced quality improvement …
Assessment and Implementation of Positive Behavior Support in Preschools.

There is increasing concern over the number of young children who exhibit challenging behaviors in early childhood settings. Comprehensive prevention models are needed to support teachers' management of challenging behaviors and to avert the development of such behaviors within at-risk populations. One approach utilizes a three-tier prevention model called positive behavior support (PBS). The present research first assessed one region's implementation of PBS in 15 early childhood settings and found that on average, few features of PBS (30.79%) were implemented. Next, the impact of PBS consultation on teachers' use of universal PBS practices and children's behavior was evaluated in a multiple baseline design across four classrooms. A functional relationship was established between PBS consultation and teachers' implementation of universal PBS practices, but overall low levels of problem behavior prevented assessment of the impact of these changes on child problem behavior. Implications for future applicati...
Stoichiometry of 7-ethoxycoumarin metabolism by cytochrome P450 2B1 wild-type and five active-site mutants

Recombinant P450 2B1 wild-type and the active-site mutants I114V, F206L, V363A, V363L, and G478S were purified and studied. The efficiency of coupling of reducing equivalents to 7-hydroxycoumarin formation was decreased for all the mutants except I114V. Uncoupling to H2O was increased for F206L, V363A, and G478S, decreased for V363L, and unchanged for I114V. Uncoupling to H2O2 was increased for V363L and decreased for I114V, F206L, and V363A. The findings from this study provide firm biochemical evidence that residues 206, 363, and 478 comprise part of the substrate binding site of P450 2B1.
Single-crystal erbium chloride silicate nanowires for novel Si-compatible sources at 1.53 μm

We report on synthesis of single crystal erbium chloride silicate nanowires, which exhibit superior optical property than erbium silicate, providing a new Si-compatible material for light emission and amplification at1.53 μm wavelength.
Fluorescence properties of o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives of amino acids.

The fluorescence properties of the products formed by reaction of o-phthaldialdehyde with amino acids and their derivatives, in the presence of thiol compounds, have been studied. The emission spectra, quantum yields, and lifetimes depend on the primary amine and thiol compound used; the observations confirm the report (Simsons, S.S., Jr. and Johnson, D.F. (1978) J. Org. Chem. 43, 2886–2891) that the product incorporates molecules of all three types of compounds. The fluorescence quantum yields of o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives of the naturally occuring amino acids ranged from 0.33 to 0.47, using 2-mercaptoethanol as the thiol compound. The fluorescence lifetimes were about 18–20 ns. Lower quantum yields were obtained when mercaptoethanol was replaced by dithiothreitol or ethnethiol. Derivatives of amino acid amides and peptides had quantum yields as low as 0.03, due to quenching by the carboxamide group. The intramolecular quenching was relieved by the detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and by dimethylsulfoxide. Monosubstituted lysine exhibited a normal fluorescence, but the di-substituted product was largely quenched, presumably due to interaction between the two isoindole fluorophors. Fluorescence stopped-flow experiments showed that the α- and ϵ-amino groups reacted at different rates, with the ϵ-amino group reacting 10 times faster, with a t12 of about 6 s under pseudo first order conditions at pH 9.0 with 10−3 M o-phthaldialdehyde. The amount of instability shown by the o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives depended on the thiol compound used, the primary amine involved, and the solvent. Cysteine and o-phthaldialdehyde reacted to give an unstable, weakly fluorescent product; but cysteine could be assayed normally if its sulfhydryl was blocked. The o-phthaldialdehyde reagent was discussed in relation to fluorescamine, another reagent for primary amines.
RMAC: A Routing-Enhanced Duty-Cycle MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Duty-cycle MAC protocols have been proposed to meet the demanding energy requirements of wireless sensor networks. Although existing duty-cycle MAC protocols such as S-MAC are power efficient, they introduce significant end-to-end delivery latency and provide poor traffic contention handling. In this paper, we present a new duty-cycle MAC protocol, called RMAC (the routing enhanced MAC protocol), that exploits cross-layer routing information in order to avoid these problems without sacrificing energy efficiency. In RMAC, a setup control frame can travel across multiple hops and schedule the upcoming data packet delivery along that route. Each intermediate relaying node for the data packet along these hops sleeps and intelligently wakes up at a scheduled time, so that its upstream node can send the data packet to it and it can immediately forward the data packet to its downstream node. When wireless medium contention occurs, RMAC moves contention traffic away from the busy area by delivering data packets over multiple hops in a single cycle, helping to reduce the contention in the area quickly. Our simulation results in ns-2 show that RMAC achieves significant improvement in end-to-end delivery latency over S-MAC and can handle traffic contention much more efficiently than S-MAC, without sacrificing energy efficiency or network throughput.
Treatment-Limiting Complications of Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulator Implants: A Review of Eight Years of Experience From an Academic Center Database

Objective The study aims to evaluate the long-term implant survival and complications of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) leading to surgical revision or explant in patients treated for chronic noncancer pain. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of all patients who underwent a percutaneous spinal cord stimulation trial followed by implant in an academic Pain Medicine division by four practitioners from 2007 to 2013, with follow-up data through April 2014. Results A total of 345 patients were considered candidates for dorsal column stimulation and underwent a trial. Two hundred thirty-four patients were implanted with an implant-to-trial ratio of 67–86% across various chronic pain entities (postlaminectomy syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, small-fiber peripheral neuropathy, abdominal/pelvic pain, nonsurgical candidates with lumbosacral neuropathy, and neuropathic pain not otherwise specified), with the exception of nonsurgical candidates with lumbosacral neuropathy who had an implant ratio of 43%. The complication rate was 34.6%, with the hardware related being the most common reason, comprising 74.1% of all complications. The revision and explant rates were 23.9% each. The most common reason for explant was loss of therapeutic effect (41.1%). Conclusions SCS is an effective treatment for chronic noncancer pain. It is a minimally invasive procedure, safe, and with good long-term outcomes. However, the surgical revision and explant rates are relatively high. As the use of SCS continues to grow, research into the causes of and risk factors for SCS-related complications is paramount to decrease complication rates in the future.
Thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia for thoracic surgery in high risk surgical patients: A physiological appraisal of pulmonary and cardiac function and its influence on patient outcome

Epidural anesthesia and analgesia may positively affect respiratory and cardiac function in the postoperative period. A thoracic epidural blockade with a local anesthetic and opioid combination appears not only to improve diaphragmatic function and spirometric values in high risk patients for pulmonary complications but it also reestablishes the functional residual capacity/closing capacity relationship. A cardiac sympathetic blockade may be cardioprotective during ischemia and it also improves both epicardial and subendocardial blood flow in patients with significant coronary artery disease. Because clinical studies are not conclusive at this point, understanding the perioperative physiologic derangements occurring in patients with cardiopulmonary disease is important. Moreover, the effects of thoracic epidural techniques in modifying these changes and its effects on cardiopulmonary complications may help us to treat high risk patients more effectively. This information should also lead to the design of better clinical studies to document these beneficial effects.
Activation Of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors In The Ventral Tegmental Area Modulate Dopamine Excitability Via M-Type Potassium Channels. (P1.252)

OBJECTIVE: An electrophysiological study to determine the mechanism of Dopamine (DA) activity depression after cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) activation in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA). BACKGROUND: CB2Rs are known to be expressed in the peripheral tissues of the immune system and microglia in the brain. Recently, CB2Rs have also been demonstrated on VTA DA neurons using immunoflourescent imaging, and CB2R activation has been involved in the modulation of self-administration of cocaine in mice. Our lab has preliminarily shown that CB2R activation on VTA DA neurons causes depression of neuronal activity. DESIGN/METHODS: Dissociated VTA DA neurons were prepared using typical brain slice preparation in mice. After a pronase treatment, the VTA was identified and single cells were mechanically dissociated out of the tissue. Healthy DA neurons were selected and neuronal activity recorded using conventional patch clamp techniques. Hyperpolarizing voltage steps were used to illicit M current (Im) and evoked action potentials (AP), while a selective CB2R agonist was bath-applied to activate CB2Rs. RESULTS: The CB2R agonist caused a 135.2±5.9% increase in Im amplitude (p Disclosure: Dr. Gao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose.
Anthropogenic Disturbance on Shallow Cryptofaunal Communities in a Marine Life Conservation District on Oahu, Hawaii

Cryptic invertebrate communities in coral rubble and sand from Hanauma Bay, a Marine Life Conservation District, were analyzed. Substratum samples were collected from the shallow bench and sand channels next to the beach and the cryptofauna were examined. Sand from the shallows (0.6 m deep) is frequently trampled by beach users and has a depauperate community dominated by a polychaete (Saccocirrus alanhongi) and a variety of nematodes (mean no. taxa = 12, mean no. individuals = 1,143 (0.1 m–2), but sand collected 25 m seaward from below trampling depths (3 m). showed significantly greater diversity (mean no. taxa = 46, mean no. individuals = 6,448 (0.1 m–2). Coralline rubble from 0.5 m depth was acid dissolved to extract the cryptofauna that was trapped on 0.5 and 0.25 mm sieves. In total, 102 taxa and 10,673 individual invertebrates (0.1 m–2) were found. Rubble collected from areas used by waders had a greater diversity than sand habitats. This substratum provides a greater variety of microhabitats and protection from trampling for endolithic fauna than sand. Waders may actively avoid rubble because of the discomfort from walking on this hard, uneven substratum. We found that despite enforced protective measures, i.e., stopping fishing and collecting of marine life, banning fish feeding, and limiting the number of visitors, disturbance by human trampling on shallow sands still reduces the species richness in these areas. Cryptic biota below wading depths, and from adjacent coral rubble on sand, are not similarly affected. These results are similar to those from another heavily used beach on Oahu and cryptofauna ecology may be useful to adopt as a management option for Marine Preserves in other locations. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Organometallic- and organic-based magnets: New chemistry and new materials for the new millennium

Organometallic- and organic-based materials exhibiting the technologically important property of bulk magnetism have been designed, prepared, and studied. These magnets are prepared via conventional organic chemistry methodologies and unlike conventional inorganic-based magnets do not require metallurgical processing. Furthermore, these magnets are frequently soluble in conventional solvents, and examples have saturation magnetizations exceeding that of iron metal on an Fe or mole basis. Also, magnets with critical temperatures exceeding room temperature, magnets with coercive fields exceeding that of Co5Sm, and thin-film magnets have been prepared. This article highlights the collective joint research executed in our, as well as Arthur J. Epstein's, laboratories.
Computer Aided Design Of Electrical Machines For Variable Speed Applications.

In recent years, the product life cycle has decreased and demands for new products have emerged due to competition, modern industrial needs and rapidly changing technology. This has necessitated changes in design, development and manufacturing processes so as to improve quality and efficiency as well as reducing costs. Computer Aided Design (CAD) helps to meet this challenge in the design evaluation and final product design stages. This paper presents the development of an interactive software for the optimal design of a motor intended for variable speed applications. The use of finite element analysis methods is proposed as an indispensable part of the CAD system for electrical machine design. An illustration of the method is given for the design of a switched reluctance motor.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Abstract The influence of environmental factors on germination and emergence of horseweed was examined in growth chamber experiments. Germination was highest (61%) under 24/20 C day/night temperature under light. Horseweed seed germination was observed under both light (13 h photoperiod) and complete darkness (24 h), but germination under continuous darkness was only 0 to 15% compared with 0 to 61% under light. All other experiments were conducted under 24/20 C and 13-h light conditions. Germination was 19 to 36% over a pH range from 4 to 10, with a trend toward higher germination under neutral-to-alkaline conditions. Horseweed germination was > 20% at < 40 mM NaCl concentration and lowest (4%) at 160 mM NaCl. These data suggest that even at high soil salinity conditions, horseweed can germinate. Germination of horseweed decreased from 25% to 2% as osmotic potential increased from 0 (distilled water) to −0.8 MPa, indicating that germination can still occur under moderate water stress conditions. Horseweed...
Cell renewal in the gill of the freshwater mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera: an autoradiographic study using high specific activity tritiated thymidine.

SUMMARY High specific activity tritiated thymidine (50-3 Ci/mM and 56 Ci/mM) and autoradiographic techniques were used to study cell renewal in the gill epithelium of the freshwater mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera. The cell renewal system in the gill epithelium of M. margaritifera appears to consist of a stem-type population in the gill furrow and gill furrow edges which supplies, through division, cells for a maturing, dividing transient transitional population along the proximal gill ridge sides which, in turn, supplies cells to a simple transient, differentiated, functional population on the distal gill ridge sides and tip. Loss of cells from the cell renewal system appears to be through cell death and/or extrusion from the gill ridge tip. No emigration or immigration of labelled nuclei out of, or into, the gill epithelium was observed. The minimum transit time from the dividing transient population to the functional population in the gill ridge tip may be no more than 24 h. We were unable to detect any radiobiological effects or the presence of cytoplasmic labelling due to the use of high specific activities. However, such possibilities cannot be eliminated from consideration in further studies.
Incidence of Cisplatin Induced Ototoxicity in Adults with Head and Neck Cancer

Objective. To elucidate the incidence of cisplatin induced ototoxicity in adult patients, with a focus on an adult population. Study Design. IRB approved retrospective study. Methods. The charts of patients who underwent cisplatin therapy from 1995 to present were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were (1) cisplatin as the primary chemotherapeutic agent and (2) hearing evaluation performed prior to and after treatment. Audiometric thresholds were measured by presenting pure-tone stimuli at 0.25 to 10.0 kHz. Criteria for hearing loss were based on the Chang criteria. Cochlear radiation doses were also calculated in patients with primary tumors in their head and neck or brain. Results. There were 1565 patients that had undergone therapy with cisplatin from 1995 to 2014, which 30 met inclusion criteria. Eight were patients treated for head and neck or brain cancer. Evaluation with ANOVA testing identified statistically significant decline in audiometric scores for WRS and pure tone frequencies 500, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz in the right ear. Overall, hearing loss was noted with 63% incidence and in patients who received radiation to their cochlea and cisplatin. Conclusion. The incidence of cisplatin induced ototoxicity was significant and even more prevalent in those patients receiving both cisplatin and radiation to their cochlea.
An anxious alliance

This essay presents a multi-year autoethnographic perspective on the use of personal fitness and self-tracking technologies to lose weight. In doing so, it examines the rich and contradictory relationships with ourselves and our world that are generated around these systems, and argues that the efforts to gain control and understanding of one's self through them need not be read as a capitulation to rationalizing forces, or the embrace of utopian ideals, but as an ongoing negotiation of the boundaries and meanings of self within an anxious alliance of knowledge, bodies, devices, and data. I discuss how my widening inquiry into these tools and practices took me from a solitary practice and into a community of fellow travellers, and from the pursuit of a single body goal into a continually renewing project of personal possibility.
Interjurisdictional Transportability of Same-Sex Marriages in the United States: Doma 'Full Faith and Credit' and the Importance of Marriage

The existence of multiple sovereigns throughout the nation and throughout the world, each retaining different legal policies that govern marriage formation, marriage validity, and marriage recognition creates the potential for serious conflict and confusion for those who move between jurisdictions. Disputes concerning the recognition of same-sex marriage in a second jurisdiction validly created in another jurisdiction is the latest and currently most contentious example of this dilemma. Both marriage policies and conflicts of laws (private international laws) are directly implicated. And in nations with federal systems of government serious internal legal reconciliation dimensions also may arise.
Staff nurses' perceptions regarding palliative care for hospitalized older adults.

PurposeThis exploratory study addressed the research question “What are the perceptions of staff nurses regarding palliative care for hospitalized older adults?”DesignA qualitative descriptive study design using focus groups was selected.MethodsEighteen staff nurses participated in semistructured fo
BCS Or Just BS: How College Football Could Crown The Wrong National Champion? Just Do The Math - Correctly!

The 2009 college football season is here, but there has been a continuing controversy swirling over how the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) selects its national champion. College football uses a multi-criterion decision matrix (MCDM) evaluation technique to determine which two teams will play for the national championship. We analyzed the BCS method of evaluating which teams play for the national. W e found that Texas should have been ranked ahead of Oklahoma. We conclude that BCS utilizes a mathematically flawed evaluation method to decide which two teams will play each year in the national championship game. Just do the math--correctly!
Zones of Difference, Boundaries of Access: Moral Geography and Community Mapping in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

In Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, 18% of men who have sex with men (MSM) are HIV-positive. Based on ethnographic research conducted among HIV peer educators and activists in Abidjan, I examine their narra...
Examining the Effects of Service Failure, Customer Compensation, and Fault on Customer Satisfaction with Salespeople

Very little research has been done looking at the effects of salespeople’s actions on customer satisfaction with salespeople, their companies, and service encounters. This paper reports results of a role-playing experiment involving 272 individuals that was undertaken to examine these issues. Results indicate several important findings. First, services failure attributed to factors outside the control of salespeople did not affect customer satisfaction with salespeople. However, failures attributed to salespeople’s actions did have a negative effect on customer satisfaction with both salespeople and their companies. Salespeople offering customers compensation for service failure had no effect on customer satisfaction with the salespeople. Customer compensation did have a positive effect on satisfaction with the service encounter and the company. Implications are discussed.
Determinants of Buyer Response to Physical Distribution Service

Present models for prescribing the configuration of a firm's physical distribution system generally fail to consider order service time as a variable, though there is reason to believe buyers are i...
Constitutional Law in 1927–1928: The Constitutional Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States in the October Term, 1927

A protective tariff is constitutional. While most of us—Democratic party platforms to the contrary notwithstanding—had suspected that this was true, the Supreme Court, curiously enough, never passed on the question until its decision in Hampton v. United States. In that case the plaintiffs attacked the validity of the Tariff Act of 1922 on two grounds. In the first place, the so-called flexible tariff provision embodied in Section 315 was alleged to authorize an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power to the President. That section provides, in substance, that when the President, upon investigation, finds that differences in the cost of production here and abroad of articles produced in this country are not equalized by the tariff duties fixed by the act, he shall thereupon fix such new rates as will equalize these differences. The Court had no difficulty in rejecting this contention under the authority of Field v. Clark, in which the reciprocity sections of the Tariff Act of 1890 were sustained. Chief Justice Taft, speaking for a unanimous Court, reviews the general theory of the separation of powers and the doctrine that legislative power may not be delegated. He emphasizes, however, that each department may properly call upon the others for assistance “so far as the action invoked shall not be an assumption of the constitutional field of action of another branch.” The scope and character of this assistance, furthermore, “must be fixed according to common sense and the inherent necessities of the governmental coordination.”