cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing a Recommendation System for Collegiate Golf Recruiting

In the world of college sports, the process of recruiting players is one of the most important tasks a coach must tackle. With only 6% of the 8 million high school athletes earning spots on NCAA teams, finding and selecting the right players can be incredibly challenging even with the availability of widespread data. Some sports, like football and basketball, have found great success using predictive analytics to estimate success in college. These efforts, however, have not yet been extended to other sports, such as golf. Given the vast amount of data available to the public on junior golfers, there is clear potential to bring analytics to college golf recruiting. We partnered with GameForge, a leading golf analytics company, to create a recommendation tool for college coaches, one that leverages the already existing data on high school and collegiate golfers and a variety of predictive models to display athletes we believe would best fit in a certain college program. A systems analysis approach was taken to find the factors that most accurately predict a high school player’s success in college golf. This was done with a variety of models including the forecasting of probability of a high school athlete being a top ranked college golfer, the finding of players with a similar performance to another desired player, and the predicting of a junior golfer's scoring performance and development during the remainder of their high school career and during college. Using these models, we identified several factors that are predictive of player similarity and performance. The research team iteratively developed these models to be used in conjunction with each other in order to provide meaningful, and understandable recommendations to a college coach on which players they should recruit to maximize success.
Is disease induced by flooding representative of nursery conditions in rhododendrons infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi or P. plurivora

The degree of flooding commonly used to induce disease in Phytophthora root rot studies rarely occurs in container nurseries. Instead, over-irrigation and poor drainage result in plants periodicall...
Augmenting human senses to improve the user experience in cars: applying augmented reality and haptics approaches to reduce cognitive distances

Augmenting people's senses with computational support can improve the ability to perceive information and perform tasks. However, the impact of such augmentation may fluctuate according to user context, thereby impacting the quality of a user experience. In this paper, we present two systems that assess the in-situ effects of augmenting senses using Augmented Reality and Haptic technologies. We demonstrate that sensory augmentation systems can improve performance when users are multitasking; however, a hybrid assessment, including eye tracking and psycho-physiological measurement, reveals that the benefits and costs of such systems can differ depending on the demographics of a population with different cognitive capabilities. For elder adults, sensory augmentation improved perception for responding to local incidents in the physical space, but a richer intervention using sensory augmentation (visual, auditory, and haptic) strains cognitive load. For younger adults, additional modes for providing sensory information increased attentiveness for performing tasks, but can lead to overloading of already used sensory channels. Thus, sensory augmentation was more advantageous for improving global awareness for situated physical space, rather than responding to local incidents.
TH-CD-BRA-01: The Benefit of Adjunct CT Imaging in Clip-Based Treatment of Ocular Melanoma with Protons

Purpose: To evaluate if addition of CT imaging to the treatment-planning process of ocular-melanoma proton therapy will improve the accuracy of target localization. Methods: For a total of 30 patients a treatment plan is made according to the standard protocol: 1) the ophthalmologist sutures 3–5 small clips on the eye surface; 2) during simulation, a set of orthogonal images is taken identifying the clip positions; 3) the treatment-planning software (EyePlan) fits a geometric eye model to the imaged clips; 4) in the model the tumor is delineated based on the clip positions and registered fundus photographs; 5) dose from the treatment beam is calculated using 2.5 mm margins. In this study an additional high-resolution CT scan is taken of each treated eye. The geometric eye model is registered to the CT based on the clip positions. Agreement of the anatomy (lens, sclera, optic nerve) is evaluated. The translation required to go from the clip-based to anatomy-based registration is determined as measure of the accuracy of clip position in the radiograph-based model. A second treatment plan is made based on the CT clip positions. Target coverage and dose to critical structure is compared between the radiograph-based and CT-based plan. Dose deviations are evaluated for correlation with visual acuity, clip location, and tumor size. Results: For 19 patients the shift in clip position between radiograph-only and CT-based simulation is ≤1 mm; for 28 patients ≤2 mm. For the remaining two patients it is 3.6 and 5.0 mm. For most patients (18) the effect on the tumor coverage is minimal: reduction in V99% of ≤ 2.5 %. For 3 patients V99% reduces by >7.5%. Conclusion: The addition of CT imaging to standard planning protocols improves target coverage in 10% of patients.
Fostering Independence: Assessing Student Development

The current educational context focuses on assessment-based accountability models, which have created a landscape of uniformity through the teaching of rote skills and strict adherence to product-based standards. I offer a real-life scenario based on an experience of one student, Kyle. Then, I provide the background describing the political context of his school career, including the mandates (NCLB) and assessments (FCAT) that affect his ability to succeed. I then discuss current educational agendas that move us even closer to narrow accountability models (RttT), before offering suggestions for creating a classroom that meets both students’ needs and the expectations of international assessments (PISA). Finally, I end with a vignette of what Kyle’s school career could be if we attend to the processes involved in authentic educational experiences and the role of schools in developing Generation R.
The Residue of Colonial Anthropology in the History and Political Discourse of Northern Ghana: Critique and Revision

The received history of northern Ghana is based on anthropological assumptions imported by colonial officials at the end of the 19th century. This history is now unreflectively incorporated in the political discourse of the north, associated with ongoing conflicts that threaten at times to engulf all three northern regions in warfare. A critique of colonial anthropology, in combination with new research, suggests an alternative history of the North.
Depression, Social Isolation, and the Lived Experience of Dancing in Disadvantaged Adults

This qualitative study described the lived experience of dancing as it related to depression and social isolation in 16 disadvantaged adults who completed a 12-week dance intervention. It is the first qualitative study to explore the experience of dance as an adjunct therapy, depression, and social isolation. A descriptive phenomenological framework consisted of two focus groups using semi-structured interviews. A Giorgian approach guided thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: (1) dance for myself and health, (2) social acceptance, (3) connection with others: a group, and (4) not wanting to stop: unexpected benefits from dancing. As the participants continued to dance, they developed a sense of belonging and group identity, which may have maintained group involvement and contributed to reducing depression and social isolation. Thus, dancing is a complementary therapy that should be considered when working with adults with depression and social isolation.
Plugging in and into code bubbles: the code bubbles architecture

Code Bubbles is an attempt to redefine the user interface for an integrated programming environment. As it represents a whole new user interface, implementing it as a plug-in is inherently difficult. We get around this difficulty by combining two different plug-in architectures, a standard one based on registrations and callbacks and a message-based one that puts the plug-in at arm's length and defines a narrower two-way interface. This paper describes both how we have implemented Code Bubbles as a plug-in to Eclipse and how Code Bubbles itself is implemented as a set of plug-ins representing the different aspects of the environment, using both traditional and message-based plug-in architectures as appropriate. It also shows how the resultant architecture is flexible enough to support collaboration, different back ends, and a cloud-based environment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric conformational maturation of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Proteins are made up of long chains of building blocks called amino acids. These chains can twist and fold in numerous ways to adopt the specific three-dimensional shapes that enable each protein to perform its role. In recent years, researchers have identified several proteins that can adopt different shapes from the same sequence of amino acids. These are known as metamorphic proteins and each shape may carry out a different role. HIV is a virus that causes AIDS, an illness that leads to progressive failure of a person’s immune system. The virus uses an enzyme called “reverse transcriptase” to copy its genetic material. The enzyme consists of two metamorphic protein subunits that are both derived from the same precursor protein called “p66”. One p66 subunit adopts an extended shape that enables it to carry out enzymatic activities. The second is processed into a smaller p51 subunit that is inactive but provides structural integrity to the enzyme. Zheng et al. have now used nuclear magnetic resonance and other state-of-the-art techniques to analyze the different stages of the conversion of the p66 protein into the mature reverse transcriptase enzyme. The analysis revealed the shape of a single p66 protein molecule, and showed that occasional changes in shape allow one p66 molecule to bind to a second. This means that an immature version of reverse transcriptase contains two p66 subunits with different shapes. The shapes of each of the two subunits then undergo further changes with time. In one of the subunits, competing interactions lead to a molecular tug-of-war that prevents part of the protein from adopting its folded shape. This part subsequently unravels and is later destroyed by another HIV enzyme (called HIV protease) to form the smaller p51 subunit. Since HIV needs reverse transcriptase in order to multiply and cause infection, drugs that prevent this enzyme from working are used to treat patients with AIDS. Current drugs target the mature form of the enzyme, but are of limited use because mutations can lead to drug-resistant forms of the proteins. The findings of Zheng et al. now fill a major gap in our understanding of the intermediate steps that lead to the formation of mature reverse transcriptase. These findings are expected to guide future work aimed at developing new drugs that interfere with maturation instead of blocking activity of the mature enzyme.
Social Stratification and the Body: Gender, Race, and Class

This article introduces the study of social stratification and the body in sociology. Two major fields of social inequality, race and sex, are characterized by visible, physical markers (such as skin tone or body shape) that people use to attribute meaning to the bodies of those around them. Class, on the other hand, offers far subtler bodily clues to the casual observer. Drawing on studies of racialized and sexed bodies, this article derives two principles for studying bodies, class, and social stratification more broadly. First, the relationship between bodies and inequality is bidirectional and co-constitutive: while beliefs about the meanings of bodily difference are used to legitimate social inequality, preexisting inequalities also shape the appearance, health, and capabilities of the body. Second, the mechanism by which bodily difference is used to justify inequality is the ideology of self-control: claims about the bodies of marginalized groups tend to frame them as reflecting a lack of self-discipline, thereby “proving” their moral or evolutionary unfitness for power. The article ends by identifying emerging areas of study that promise to advance the study of embodied stratification and by highlighting the continuing centrality of intersectisonal theories of difference and inequality in embodiment research.
Multiagent Systems in Information-Rich Environments

Information-rich environments are the open environments that characterize most of the modern applications of computing technology. The applications include ubiquitous information access, electronic commerce, virtual enterprises, logistics, and sensor integration, to name but a few. These applications differ from conventional database applications not only in the nature and variety of information they involve, but also in including a significant component that is beyond the information system per se: the creation, transformation, use, and ultimate fate of information. The environments are typified only by the large amounts and varieties of information they include, and whose effective and efficient management is key to the above applications. Multiagent systems (MAS) are an important paradigm for building complex information systems, especially cooperative ones. We describe how cooperative information system architectures have evolved a set of common types of computational agents. We also describe two approaches that address complementary aspects of MAS construction.
On the exact convolution of discrete random variables

We present two expressions for the exact density function for the sum of independent discrete random variables. Application to binomial random variables is illustrated. Evaluation of the exact density is practical on the personal computer. Extension to other discrete random variables is straightforward.
Radiation-induced cellular changes in traumatic spinal cord injury.

Left dorsal cordotomy at the 11th thoracic vertebra was performed in mature female rats. Local exposures of 1,000 R of 280 kvp x rays were made within 10 min, 12, 24 36 or 48 hrs after injury. Tritiated thymidine (1 μCi/g body wt.) was injected i. v. 1 hr before death and necropsy examination 5, 18 or 30 days after surgery. Hematoxylin-stained sagittal sections (5 μ) of the spinal cord were prepared for radioautographic examination. The parameters of magnitude and duration of changes in cell numbers and numbers of cells incorporating tritiated thymidine were determined for scar parenchymal cells (neuroglia and fibroblasts), macrophage, endothelia and mitotic cells. Irradiation modified the cellular composition of the developing scar tissue. These changes were due to a delay of proliferation in scar parenchymal and endothelial cell populations. A concomitant suppression of the number of cells incorporating tritiated thymidine occurred in 5-day old irradiated lesions. The magnitude and duration of these delays varied with the cell type and the time of irradiation after injury. These changes indicate that scar parenchymal and endothelial cells proliferatein situ from progenitor cell populations that were in the lesions at the time of irradiation. Macrophage cell numbers and numbers of these cells incorporating tritiated thymidine were not decreased after irradiation. It is, therefore, probable that the majority of the macrophage cells did not originate from a local progenitor cell population.
A new method for the potential of a 3-dimensional nonuniform charge distribution

A new simple method for obtaining the expression of the electrical potential for a 3-dimensional nonuniform charge distribution is given. It is shown how the new method can be used to obtain the expression for 3-dimensional Gaussian distribution.
Clinical significance of pneumococcal resistance and factors influencing outcomes.

Despite increasing penicillin and macrolide resistance worldwide, the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is still unknown. Debate continues as to whether increasing resistance among pneumococci to β-lactam agents, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones has been accompanied by an increase in the rate of treatment failure. In vitro findings do not appear to be predictive of in vivo outcomes. Studies have failed to demonstrate significantly higher mortality for patients infected with penicillin-resistant rather than penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal strains. Treatment failures are associated solely with the highest levels of resistance. Antimicrobial resistance appears to affect other markers of morbidity, but only statistically nonsignificant trends toward increased mortality have been demonstrated. Whether macrolide resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates is clinically relevant or a matter of limited influence remains to be determined.
Causal role for JAK2 V617F in thrombosis

In this issue of Blood , Hobbs et al use a JAK2 V617F knock-in mouse model to interrogate the impact of JAK2 V617F on thrombosis and demonstrate altered function of megakaryocytes and platelets in the context of JAK2 V617F expression.[1][1] ![Figure][2] JAK2 V617F induces biological changes
A workshop series using peer-grading to build drug information, writing, critical-thinking, and constructive feedback skills.

Objective. To utilize a skills-based workshop series to develop pharmacy students’ drug information, writing, critical-thinking, and evaluation skills during the final didactic year of training. Design. A workshop series was implemented to focus on written (researched) responses to drug information questions. These workshops used blinded peer-grading to facilitate timely feedback and strengthen assessment skills. Each workshop was aligned to the didactic coursework content to complement and extend learning, while bridging and advancing research, writing, and critical thinking skills. Assessment. Attainment of knowledge and skills was assessed by rubric-facilitated peer grades, faculty member grading, peer critique, and faculty member-guided discussion of drug information responses. Annual instructor and course evaluations consistently revealed favorable student feedback regarding workshop value. Conclusion. A drug information workshop series using peer-grading as the primary assessment tool was successfully implemented and was well received by pharmacy students.
Anticoagulation in urologic surgery.

Abstract The present report describes a pilot project to apply the principle of minidose heparinization to patients undergoing prostatectomy, comparing a control group of 50 prostatectomies treated in conventional fashion to a study group of 43 prostatectomies treated with minidose heparinization. Results of the study indicate that perioperative minidose heparinization in patients undergoing prostatectomy is associated with longer hospitalization, greater need for blood transfusion, greater degree of immediate and delayed postoperative bleeding, and a higher incidence of “rebound” pulmonary embolization after cessation of heparin, than in patients treated in conventional fashion.
Crystal Structures of Translocator Protein 18 kDA (TSPO) and Identification of a Cholesterol Binding Enhancement Motif

Transport of cholesterol into mitochondria is the first and rate limiting step of steroid hormone synthesis. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is recognized as a key player in this process and is highly expressed in steroidogenic tissues, metastatic cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and inflammatory conditions. TSPO ligands have been shown to influence apoptosis and cancer cell migration, and are widely used in PET imaging. However, conflicting data and lack of high resolution structures have led to much controversy concerning the precise role of this conserved, developmentally-required protein. To better understand the mechanism of cholesterol transport and its regulation by various ligands, we utilized the purified TSPO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RsTSPO), a bacterial homolog that shares a conserved function with the mammalian protein, to investigate the properties of TSPO biochemically and crystallographically. We determined high resolution crystal structures of RsTSPO wild-type and a mutant equivalent to the bipolar disease-associated human single polymorphism (A147T) which has reduced pregnenolone production. The crystal structures of RsTSPO provide new insight into ligand interaction sites and alterations caused by the human polymorphism. A three amino acid sequence adjacent to the cholesterol recognition consensus sequence (CRAC) and the A147T site was identified by biochemical, mutational and structural studies as a cholesterol binding enhancement motif. Mutation to the human sequence increases the binding of cholesterol by >1000 fold and an alkyl tail is observed to bind in this site. The enhancement motif was also identified as critical to the stability and function of TSPO by evolutionary co-variance analysis. This motif was found in other human membrane proteins from several major families, suggesting a general role in cholesterol binding. (NIH R01GM26916, MSU Center for Mitochondrial Science and Medicine, SF-M)
Mössbauer effect in antiferromagnetic Li(Fe, Mn)PO4

Abstract The Mossbauer absorption spectrum of 57 Fe in antiferromagnetic LiFe 0.8 Mn 0.2 PO 4 has been studied. The experimental data are indicative of an effective hyperfine field of 129 kOe and an electric field gradient whose major axis is parallel to the internal field.
Metabolism of Planavin herbicide in a lactating cow.

Abstract Planavin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-n,n-dipropylaniline] herbicide was fed to a catheterized lactating dairy cow at 5ppm in the feed ration for four days. Planavin or possible sulfur-containing metabolites were not detected in milk, urine, or feces by electron affinity and sulfur-flame photometric gas chromatographic analysis. The sulfur detector showed that the herbicide rapidly (15min) decomposed in fresh rumen fluid with production of three sulfur-containing metabolites speculated to be 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,2-diamino-N,N-dipropylaniline, 4-(methylsulfoxyl)-2,6-diamino-N,N-dipropylaniline and 4-(thiomethyl)-2,6-diamino-N,N-dipropylaniline.
Acerca del 'fenómeno' Lucía Etxebarria

Etxebarria foregrounds discussions on the production and consumption of the novelistic enterprise, and she fuels the debate by using gender as kindling. Etxebarria's power of attraction lies in her ability to reside on the edge of the frame of her books, there where the creation of literature meets the dissemination of the book as material object. The question that I examine in this article —«What is all the fuss about?»— provides a comprehensive look at how the author plays with the commercial construction of gender during *, from 1997 to 2003, when she most clearly had to confront the consumptive tensions in the cultural field and mod a position for herself in the contemporary scene of the 1990s.
The concept of antigen processing and presentation

THE IMMUNE RESPONSE to protein antigens operates through lymphocytes (the T cells) that recognize products of digestion of the protein antigens. It took years of efforts by many investigators studying different aspects of immunity to reach this conclusion. The initial thinking was that the immune response was directed to antigen not altered by normal catabolism. This holds true for responses of B cells but is definitely not the case for T cells. The CD4 T cells are the essential regulatory cells that influence the function of most leukocytes. Their antigen-specific receptors recognize only protein catabolites that are bound to histocompatibility molecules. ANTIGEN PRESENTATION BY MACROPHAGES Through our initial studies on macrophage biology, consisting of a rather simple series of in vivo experiments, it became apparent that feeding protein antigens to macrophages resulted in a consistent and marked improvement in the immune response to the protein. 1 In other words, the lymphocytes
Vesicle fusion following receptor-mediated endocytosis requires a protein active in Golgi transport

IN reconstitution studies N-ethylmaleimide, a sulphydryl alkylating reagent, inhibits both fusion of endocytic vesicles1–3 and vesicular transport in the Golgi apparatus4. We show here that the same N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor that catalyses the vesicle-mediated transport within Golgi stacks is also required for endocytic vesicle fusion. Thus, it is likely that a common mechanism for vesicle fusion exists for both the secretory and endocytic pathways of eukaryotic cells.
GROWTH AND CONDITION OF SEEP MUSSELS (BATHYMODIOLUS CHILDRESSI) AT A GULF OF MEXICO BRINE POOL

The banks of Brine Pool NR1, a brine-filled pockmark in the Gulf of Mexico, are host to a population of Bathymodiolus childressi, a hydrocarbon seep mussel with methanotrophic endosymbionts. The mussel community surrounds the pool, covering an area of -540 m2 and can be divided into two distinct zones separated by a transitional area. The inner zone extends inward from the edge of the pool --1 m. The water among the mussels in this zone has high methane concentrations (>200 imol/L) and moderate oxygen concentrations (nondetectable to 161 pxmol/L). Hydrogen sulfide was rarely detected in this zone. The outer zone extends -1 m inward from the outer edge of the mussel bed. This zone also has high methane concentrations in the water among the mussels (>200 jimol/L), but lower average oxygen levels and areas with very high levels of hydrogen sulfide. The two zones are linked with a transitional area, the middle zone, ranging in width from 1 to 4 m, where intermediate environmental conditions are found. The inner zone was relatively homogenous, while spatial heterogeneity was high in the middle and outer zones, both in the characteristics of the mussel population and in their environment. Size-frequency distributions indicate that the inner zone is an area of active recruitment, with very little recruitment occurring in either the middle or outer zones. Physiological condition indices of the mussels were significantly higher in the inner zone than in the outer zone in some years. Comparisons of growth parameters also indicate better growth conditions in the inner zone. Physiological condition and growth did not change between the first two years of the study. However, a significant change in both was detected between 1994 and 1995, suggesting that this deep-sea community is exposed to an unexpected temporal variability in environmental conditions.
Breast Infarction After Internal Mammary Artery Harvest in a Patient With Calciphylaxis

The use of the internal mammary artery during coronary artery bypass grafting is commonplace. Complications associated with the harvest of the internal mammary artery have predominantly been wound related. These range from skin dehiscence to complete avascular necrosis of the sternum. This report documents complete ischemic necrosis of a breast in a patient with end-stage renal disease and a history of calciphylaxis, after the harvest of an internal mammary artery.
Systolic anterior motion begins at low left ventricular outflow tract velocity in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Abstract OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dynamic cause for mitral systolic anterior motion (SAM) is a Venturi or a flow drag (pushing) mechanism. BACKGROUND In obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), if SAM were caused by the Venturi mechanism, high flow velocity in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) should be found at the time of SAM onset. However, if the velocity was found to be normal, this would support an alternative mechanism. METHODS We studied with echocardiography 25 patients with obstructive HCM who had a mean outflow tract gradient of 82 ± 6 mm Hg. We compared mitral valve M-mode echocardiogram tracings with continuous wave (CW) and pulsed wave (PW) Doppler tracings recorded on the same study. A total of 98 M-mode, 159 CW, and 151 PW Doppler tracings were digitized and analyzed. For each patient we determined the LVOT CW velocity at the time of SAM onset. This was done by first determining the mean time interval from Q-wave to SAM onset from multiple M-mode tracings. Then, CW velocity in the outflow tract was measured at that same time interval following the Q wave. RESULTS Systolic anterior motion began mean 71 ± 5 ms after Q-wave onset. Mean CW Doppler velocity in the LVOT at SAM onset was 89 ± 8 cm/s. In 68% of cases SAM began before onset of CW and PW Doppler LV ejection. CONCLUSIONS Systolic anterior motion begins at normal LVOT velocity. At SAM onset, though Venturi forces are present in the outflow tract, their magnitude is much smaller than previously assumed; the Venturi mechanism cannot explain SAM. These velocity data, along with shape, orientation and temporal observations in patients, indicate that drag, the pushing force of flow, is the dominant hydrodynamic force that causes SAM.
Development of central neurotransmitter-specified neuronal systems: Implications for pediatric neuro-psychiatric disorders*

– An increasing focus on the mechanism of synaptic neuro-chemistry in pediatric neurology, may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of many disorders and result in a more rational approach to their pharmacotherapy. With the burgeoning list of putative neurotrans-mitters in brain, and the growing evidence of co-localization of many of these neurotransmitters, chemical neurotransmission likely involves a higher degree of complexity than appreciated heretofore. The potential role of neurotransmitter dysfunction in the pathophysiology of neurologic and behavior disorders of children, should not be considered as restricted to those disorders that involve selective neuronal loss, but may encompass a much wider spectrum of syndromes due to metabolic abnormalities, as well as disturbances of the finer features of chemical neurotransmission.
Effect of certain quinone pesticides on acetate photometabolism and dark CO2 fixation in Chlorella

Abstract The effect of dichlone (2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone), 06K-quinone (2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphtoquinone), and chloranil (2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone) on photometabolism of acetate and on dark 14 CO 2 fixation by Chlorella was studied. Treatment of the cells with 3 × 10 −6 M or higher concentrations of these pesticides reduced acetate assimilation. Lower quinone concentrations did not appreciably change the pattern of 14 C distribution among the products resulting from acetate assimilation, although acetate incorporation was markedly inhibited. At higher concentrations, quinones decreased the proportion of 14 C incorporated in lipids and increased the proportion of 14 C incorporated in glutamic and citric acids. The data suggest that higher concentrations of quinones preferentially inhibited lipid synthesis resulting in the availability of more acetate for the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The above quinones also inhibited 14 CO 2 fixation in the dark and significantly altered the distribution of 14 C; both 06K-quinone and chloranil caused a decrease in the percent of 14 C incorporated in glutamic acid and an increase in 14 C-citric acid. The cells treated with chloranil also showed an increase in the proportion of 14 C-malic acid accompanied by a decrease in 14 C-aspartic acid. Possible explanations are given to account for the changes in the distribution of carbon in the metabolic products resulting from acetate assimilation and dark CO 2 fixation in the treated cells. Our findings indicate that the quinone pesticides act at a number of sites in the cell and their inhibitory effect is not restricted to photosynthetic reactions.
Changes in Protein Adsorption on Self-Assembled Monolayers with Monolayer Order: Comparison of Human Serum Albumin and Human Gamma Globulin

The role that alkyl chain packing density in a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) plays in the adsorption of protein to the SAM surface was investigated using in situ neutron reflectivity (NR) and tota...
A longitudinal investigation of change in the factorial composition of intelligence with age in young school children.

(1967). A Longitudinal Investigation of Change in the Factorial Composition of Intelligence with Age in Young School Children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 110, No. 1, pp. 49-58.
Power efficient mediaprocessors: design space exploration

We present a framework for rapidly exploring the design space of low power application-specific programmable processors (ASPP), in particular mediaprocessors. We focus on a category of processors that are programmable yet optimized to reduce power consumption for a specific set of applications. The key components of the framework presented in this paper are a retargetable instruction level parallelism (ILP) compiler, processor simulators, a set of complete media applications written in a high level language and an architectural component selection algorithm. The fundamental idea behind the framework is that with the aid of a retargetable ILP compiler and simulators it is possible to arrange architectural parameters (e.g., the issue width, the size of cache memory units, the number of execution units, etc.) to meet low power design goals under area constraints.
Modulation of acute morphine tolerance by corticotropin- releasing factor and dynorphin a in the mouse spinal cord

Previously, we have demonstrated that intrathecally (i.t.) administered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in mice produces stimulus-specific antinociception and modulation of morphine-induced antinociception by mechanisms involving spinal kappa opioid receptors. Recently, we also have found that CRF releases immunoreactive dynorphin A, a putative endogenous kappa opioid receptor agonist, from superfused mice spinal cords in vitro. Dynorphin A administered intracerebroventricularlly (i.c.v.) to mice has been shown to modulate the expression of morphine tolerance. In the present study, the possible modulatory effects of i.t. administered CRF as well as dynorphin A on morphine tolerance were studied in an acute tolerance model. Subcutaneous administration of 100 mg/kg of morphine sulfate (MS) to mice caused an acute tolerance to morphine-induced antinociception. The antinociceptive ED50 of MS was increased from 4.4 mg/kg (naive mice) to 17.9 mg/kg (4 hours after the injection of 100 mg/kg MS). To study the modulatory effects of spinally administered CRF and dynorphin A on the expression of morphine tolerance, CRF and dynorphin A were injected i.t. at 15 min and 5 min, respectively, before testing the tolerant mice by the tail-flick assay. The antinociceptive ED50 of MS in tolerant mice was decreased to 8.8 mg/kg and 7.1 mg/kg, respectively, after i.t. administration of CRF (0.1 nmol) and dynorphin A (0.2 nmol). In contrast, 0.5 nmol of alpha-helical CRF (9-41), a CRF antagonist and 0.4 nmol of norbinaltorphimine, a highly selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, when administered i.t. at 15 min before the tail-flick test in tolerant mice, increased the antinociceptive ED50 of MS to 56.6 mg/kg and 88.8 mg/kg, respectively. These data confirmed the modulatory effect of dynorphin A on morphine tolerance and suggested that CRF, which releases dynorphin A in several central nervous system regions, also plays a modulatory role in the expression of morphine tolerance.
Autophagy modulation for cancer therapy

Autophagy is a homeostatic and catabolic process that enables the sequestration and lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles and proteins that is important for the maintenance of genomic stability and cell survival. Beclin 1+/− gene knockout mice are tumor prone, indicating a tumor suppressor role for autophagy. Autophagy is also a mechanism of stress tolerance that maintains cell viability and can lead to tumor dormancy, progression and therapeutic resistance. Many anticancer drugs induce cytotoxic stress that can activate pro-survival autophagy. In some contexts, excessive or prolonged autophagy can lead to tumor cell death. Inhibition of cytoprotective autophagy by genetic or pharmacological means has been shown to enhance anticancer drug-induced cell death, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy. Studies are ongoing to define optimal strategies to modulate autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy, and to exploit it as a target for anticancer drug discovery.
Dynamic simulations and nonlinear homogenization study for magnetorheological fluids

We first present a summary of results obtained with a numerical code to perform particle dynamics simulations of magnetorheological (MR) fluids upon application of an external magnetic field. These simulations, for the first time, account fully for all linear (long-range) magnetic interactions and are made feasible by recent developments of the Fast Multipole Method. In addition, we present some numerical and theoretical studies for the overall magnetic response in MR fluids based on nonlinear homogenization theory. We show that these results can be effectively used to study a number of experimental findings such as effective magnetic permeabilities (from the linear through saturation regimes) and response time scales, all of which are of crucial importance in the design of MR fluids.
The Femininity Effect: Relationship Quality, Sex, Gender, Attachment, and Significant–Other Concepts

Both sex and gender predict relationship quality, but is one variable more important that the other? Does sex or gender predict relationship quality over other important factors such as attachment style and mental representations of close others? In this study of 116 dating individuals, gender differences were contrasted with sex differences as predictors of several measures of relationship quality (satisfaction, commitment, perceived social support, acceptance, and level of conflict). After controlling for sex, age, and relationship duration, femininity was found to predict positive relationship outcomes over and above attachment styles and significant–other concept measures. Significant–other concepts mediated this relationship. The combination of correlational data and regression analyses proves that femininity (regardless of sex) in both men and women contributes to positive, clear, and connected significant–other concepts that directly influence relationship quality.
Function Space BFGS Quasi-Newton Learning Algorithm for Time-Varying Recurrent Neural Networks

This paper describes a new learning algorithm for time-varying recurrent neural networks whose weights are functions of time instead of scalars. First, an objective functional that is a function of the weight functions quantifying the discrepancies between the desired outputs and the network's outputs is formulated. Then, dynamical optimization is used to derive the necessary conditions for the extreme of the functional. These necessary conditions result in a two-point boundary-value problem. This two-point boundary-value problem is subsequently solved by the Hilbert function space BFGS quasi-Newton algorithm, which is obtained by using the dyadic operator to extend the Euclidean space BFGS method into an infinite-dimensional, real Hilbert space. Finally, the ability of the network and the learning algorithm is demonstrated in the identification of three simulated nonlinear systems and a resistance spot welding process.
Evolution of intrafamilial interactions.

Abstract A theory for the evolution of behavioral interactions among relatives is developed that allows for genetic correlations between the types of behavior that are expressed in different social contexts. Both theoretical and empirical considerations indicate that such genetic constraints will almost certainly be common in natural populations. It is shown that when genetic correlations between elements of social behavior exist, Hamilton's rule inaccurately describes the conditions for evolution by way of kin selection. The direction in which social organization evolves is a delicate function of the genetic covariance structure among behaviors expressed as an offspring, sibling, parent, etc. A change in this covariance structure caused by random genetic drift or by a change in environment for a population exhibiting genotype-environment interaction can cause the population to suddenly cross a threshold into a new selective domain. Consequently, radical changes in social organization may arise between closely related species without any major shift in selective pressures external to the population.
Out-of-plane rotary micromirrors for reconfigurable photonic applications

A slow-speed optical fiber cross-connect has been developed around surface-micromachined MEMS mirrors that pop up 45 degrees relative to the substrate and rotate 360 degrees about the normal axis. Various assembly, latching, and rotational mechanisms have been evaluated and tested, with current work focusing on demonstrating functionality. Routing capability has been characterized for 2 × 2 arrays of micromirrors, the feedback from which has been applied to second-generation designs with improved control and greater precision. The cross-connect described here is scalable and represents an important building block in a general-purpose photonic infrastructure.
Androgens Negatively Regulate Forkhead Transcription Factor FKHR (FOXO1) through a Proteolytic Mechanism in Prostate Cancer Cells

The ability of androgens to inhibit apoptosis in both normal and malignant prostatic cells has been well documented. However, the underlying mechanisms are understood poorly. Here we demonstrated that forkhead transcription factor FKHR (FOXO1)-induced death of LNCaP cells was blocked by a synthetic androgen R1881. Androgen treatment also resulted in a reduction in transcriptional activity of FKHR in these cells. Moreover, treatment of LNCaP cells with R1881 led to a decrease in the intact FKHR protein (70 kDa) and an increase in a faster migrating protein band (60 kDa). Androgen-enhanced appearance of the 60-kDa protein was diminished specifically by lysosomal acidic cysteine protease inhibitors. Mass spectrometry analyses of the purified FLAG-tagged 70- and 60-kDa proteins demonstrated that the 60-kDa species is a FKHR protein product that lacks about 120 amino acid residues of the C-terminal end. Mutagenesis of the basic amino acid Arg537 in the protease cleavage region, as suggested by mass spectrometry, abrogated both the androgen-induced accumulation of the 60-kDa product and decrease in cell death induced by FKHR, suggesting that the residue Arg537 is a potential protease cleavage site. Finally, ectopic expression of the first 537 amino acids of FKHR produced an inhibitory effect on transcriptional activity of the intact protein. Together, these results suggest that androgens induce increased activity of an acidic cysteine protease, which in turn cleaves FKHR. This provides a mechanism by which androgens protect prostate cancer cells from the killing effect of FKHR.
Molecular Imaging of Murine Intestinal Inflammation With 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-d-Glucose and Positron Emission Tomography

Background & Aims: 2-Deoxy-2-[ 18 F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake by positron emission tomography (PET), a measure of glucose transporter activity, has been used to detect mucosal inflammation. However, there is limited understanding of the biologic basis of mucosal FDG uptake. Methods: A contrast-based computed tomographic isocontour method was developed to identify intestinal anatomic regions, and FDG uptake was integrated over these regions to achieve reproducible quantification during longitudinal assessment of individual mice. Intestinal FDG uptake was compared with histologic scores and with glucose transporter 1 levels in mucosal immune cells by flow cytometry. Results: Intestinal FDG uptake quantitatively correlated with disease activity in mild (C3H/HeJ.IL-10 −/− ) and severe (129.Gαi2 −/− , CD4 + CD45RB high , and Gαi2 −/− CD3 + transfer) murine colitis models at all time points examined ( P + T lymphocyte but not other intestinal immune cell types. CD4 + T-cell transfer in vivo confirmed that mucosal FDG uptake was associated with the activated but not quiescent state. When intestinal inflammation was increased by treatment with piroxicam and decreased with anti-TL1A treatment, FDG uptake was correspondingly altered. Conclusions: This study clarifies the cellular basis of FDG signal in intestinal inflammation and introduces computed tomographic isocontour analysis of FDG-PET imaging for standardized quantitation of immune colitis.
Behavior modification in the home: siblings as behavior modifiers, parents as observers.

It was hypothesized that siblings could function as effective behavior change agents for their behaviorally disturbed brothers and sisters within the home environment. Further, it was predicted that parents could be trained to be reliable observers of their children's performance under these circumstances. The results of the study supported both predictions with siblings in two separate families demonstrating their ability to work with their brother or sister within the context of an ABAB reversal design. Parents were also shown to obtain consistently high reliability ratings when compared to outside observers. The judicious use of siblings as behavior modification aides is recommended as a treatment procedure.
Metabolic function for human renalase: oxidation of isomeric forms of β-NAD(P)H that are inhibitory to primary metabolism.

Renalase is a recently identified flavoprotein that has been associated with numerous physiological maladies. There remains a prevailing belief that renalase functions as a hormone, imparting an influence on vascular tone and heart rate by oxidizing circulating catecholamines, chiefly epinephrine. This activity, however, has not been convincingly demonstrated in vitro, nor has the stoichiometry of this transformation been shown. In prior work we demonstrated that renalase induced rapid oxidation of low-level contaminants of β-NAD(P)H solutions (Beaupre, B. A. et al. (2013) Biochemistry 52, 8929−8937; Beaupre, B. A. et al. (2013) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 13980–13987). Slow aqueous speciation of β-NAD(P)H resulted in the production of renalase substrate molecules whose spectrophotometric characteristics and equilibrium fractional accumulation closely matched those reported for α-anomers of NAD(P)H. The fleeting nature of these substrates precluded structural assignment. Here we structurally assign and identif...
North Carolina Through Four Centuries

This successor to the classic Lefler-Newsome North Carolina: The History of a Southern State , published in 1954, presents a fresh survey history that includes the contemporary scene. Drawing upon recent scholarship, the advice of specialists, and his own knowledge, Powell has created a splendid narrative that makes North Carolina history accessible to both students and general readers. For years to come, this will be the standard college text and an essential reference for home and office.
Systems Approach to Marketing Efficiency Research

T HIS paper is presented to call attention to the potential usefulness of the systems approach to research in marketing efficiency. The body of knowledge concerning systems methods is increasing at a rapid rate and examples of its useful application are numerous. Much remains to be done in providing guidelines to the systems concept for researchers, expecially for those concerned with marketing efficiency. This presentation is an effort in this direction.