cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Newly Diagnosed Single Brain Mass - Implementation and performance of a hospital-wide management pathway (P3.133)

Background: Prior to 2012 there was no standardized admission protocol at our institution for patients presenting with a single brain mass. The service to which they were admitted, specialty consultations requested, and diagnostic testing employed varied significantly, both in the emergency department and on the inpatient services. In order to enhance management of this patient population we created and implemented a Single Brain Mass admission protocol. Our goal was to provide specialized care from a single multidisciplinary team from admission to discharge, reduce length of hospitalization, limit unnecessary diagnostic testing, and enhance patient care. Methods: We reviewed records of 98 patients without a cancer history admitted to our emergency department with a new single brain mass between 12/10 - 08/14. Patients admitted prior to the protocol implementation (11/12) were designated the pre-intervention group (PRE), and those admitted following implementation comprised the post-intervention group (POST). Results: 50 patients were PRE and 48 were POST. When patients discharged to rehabilitation (35/98) were excluded from the analysis, a significantly longer mean length of stay was noted in the PRE compared to POST group (7.37 days versus 4.6 days; P= 0.01). In addition, more patients underwent CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis in the PRE compared to the POST group (49[percnt] versus 17[percnt], P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number of patients discharged to a rehabilitation center (38[percnt] in PRE vs. 35[percnt] in POST) or diagnosed with a brain metastasis (0.04[percnt] for both groups). Conclusion: Implementation of a management protocol executed by a single, specialized, multidisciplinary team streamlined the care of patients with a new single brain mass, decreased their average length of stay and reduced unnecessary diagnostic imaging tests. We are currently investigating whether implementation of the protocol has enhanced patient outcomes and reduced cost of care. Disclosure: Dr. Arrillaga-Romany has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singhal has received personal compensation for activities as a medicolegal expert witness. Dr. Singhal9s spouse holds stock and/or stock options in Biogen Idec. Dr. Jarhult has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cordier has nothing to disclose. Dr. White has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pisapia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cahill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Curry has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goldstein has received personal compensation for activities with CSL Behring. Dr. Batchelor has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc., Roche, Kirin Pharmaceuticals, Up to Date, Inc., and Robert Michael Educational.
FOOD APPLICATIONS OF A RICE BRAN OIL STRUCTURED LIPID IN FRIED SWEET POTATO CHIPS AND AN ENERGY BAR

A rice bran oil structured lipid (RBOSL) was synthesized from rice bran oil (RBO) and caprylic acid with Lipozyme RM IM as biocatalyst. Sweet potato chips (SPCs) were fried separately in RBOSL and RBO. Energy bars (EBs) were formulated with RBOSL or RBO. Triangle tests (TT) were conducted for SPCs and EBs to determine the panelists' ability to differentiate between SPCs and EBs prepared with RBO or RBOSL. Willingness to purchase (WTP) sensory analysis was also conducted. Fatty acid content, γ-oryzanol, viscosity, free fatty acid (FFA) and p-anisidine values for RBO and RBOSL were determined before and after frying. SPC color and oil uptake were also determined. TT results for SPCs showed no significant difference in SPCs fried in RBO and RBOSL (P > 0.05). TT results for EBs indicated a significant difference between RBO and RBOSL formulations (P ≤ 0.05). WTP (5-point scale) sensory analyses of SPCs and EBs showed that the most frequent response was probably would buy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Consumer panels indicated a willingness to purchase both sweet potato chips and energy bars prepared with rice bran oil structured lipid (RBOSL). Improvements in the standardization and preparation procedures and changes in formulation would probably improve acceptability. These consumer panel results showed that products prepared with structured lipids, with improved nutritional or health-promoting properties, may have viable commercial potential in foods. RBOSL that is liquid at room temperature can potentially be used in frying and baking applications.
GMO Trade Regulation and Developing Countries

International and domestic regulatory and trade law and policy governing GMO crops and foods produced through genetic engineering poses a variety of sharp challenges for developing countries. Many developing countries, including Argentina, Brazil, China, and South Africa, are making wide use of GMO plants for food and cotton. Highly restrictive environmental, health and safety regulation of GMO foods in Europe, Japan, Korea and other countries poses a serious threat to these countries’ agricultural exports and deters other developing countries from adopting GMO crops, notwithstanding their potential economic, environmental, and food security advantages. Yet other developing countries want to prohibit or restrict GM crops because of environmental, economic, and social concerns. This article examines the different policies adopted by different developing and developed countries regarding GMOs and the international trade conflicts that have resulted, including the “GM Cold War” between the pro-GMO US and the GM skeptic EU. It examines how international regulatory regimes, including the WTO, the Codex Alimentarius, and the Biosafety Protocol, have sought to manage these conflicts. It also considers the complex implications of international regulatory law for developing countries, including the implications of the WTO panel decision in EC Biotech, finding aspects of European GMO regulation contrary to WTO disciplines. The article argues that developing countries, including those that favor greater reliance on GM crops, should organize to exert a greater influence on global GM trade regulatory policies rather than being held hostage to US-EU conflicts.
A sandwich three-point bend specimen for testing mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness for fiber-reinforced composite materials

A sandwich three-point bend specimen has recently been proposed to test mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness for fiber-reinforced composite materials. The test composite consist of a thin layer bonded by two lateral reusable steel bars (Sohn et al. 1995). Some time earlier this specimen configuration was used to test fracture toughness of adhesives (Zdaniewsk et al. 1987). However, formulae for analysing its fracture mechanics parameters such as stress intensity factor and energy release rate can not be found in the literature. The lack of adequate formulae may explain why suitable quantitative analysis using this specimen configuration has not been achieved. In this paper, a simple and effective homogenisation method is used to change the bi-material system, which represents the specimen, into single uniform test material. This physical homogenisation is carried out by geometric change of the cross section of lateral steel parts based on equal deflection rigidity. For the transformed specimen configuration of single uniform material, the corresponding stress intensity factor solution from handbooks is available. Two formulae of stress intensity factor for the sandwich three-point bend specimen are given as upper limit and lower limit respectively, they are plotted with varying elastic tensile modulus mismatch. Then the relation between stress intensity factor and energy release rate, with special consideration of orthotropy of the tested composite material, is used to derive its energy release rate. The specimen and its formulae can also be applied to test other materials such as wood, welded joints (Burstow and Ainsworth, 1995), as well as to test dynamic fracture toughness.
Hemodialysis in Elderly Patients

As the general population in North America ages, those with end-stage renal disease age even more rapidly: the fasting growing segment of the dialysis population are those 65 years of age and older [1]. Table 1 shows the point prevalence and rates of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by age group for the United States on Dec. 31, 1996: The incidence of ESRD per million people for the population as a whole was 1048; for those 65-74 years of age, it was 3518. Those 65 years of age and older represented 33.5% of the 283 932 patients with ESRD [1], Table 2 shows the ESRD incidence data for the same period. Of new patients beginning renal replacement therapy, more than 46% were 65 years of age and older [1]. It is estimated that more than 60% of new patients will be 65 years of age and older by the year 2000 [2]. Geriatric patients are more likely to have diabetes and hypertension than younger patients, they are more likely to be members of a minority group, and frequently have limited social and financial resources [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of High-density Lipoprotein

Although reducing low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with lipid-lowering agents (statins) decreases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, a substantial residual risk (up to 70% of baseline) remains after treatment in most patient populations. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a potential contributor to residual risk, and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is an established risk factor for CVD. However, in contrast to conventional lipid-lowering therapies, recent studies show that pharmacologic increases in HDL-C levels do not bring about clinical benefits. These observations have given rise to the concept of dysfunctional HDL where increases in serum HDL-C may not be beneficial because HDL loss of function is not corrected by or even intensified by the therapy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases CVD risk, and patients whose CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis are at the highest CVD risk of any patient type studied. The ESRD population is also unique in its lack of significant benefit from standard lipid-lowering interventions. Recent studies indicate that HDL-C levels do not predict CVD in the CKD population. Moreover, CKD profoundly alters metabolism and composition of HDL particles and impairs their protective effects on functions such as cellular cholesterol efflux, endothelial protection, and control of inflammation and oxidation. Thus, CKD-induced perturbations in HDL may contribute to the excess CVD in CKD patients. Understanding the mechanisms of vascular protection in renal disease can present new therapeutic targets for intervention in this population.
Behavioral ecology of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) with respect to insectivory at Fongoli, Senegal

In this dissertation I examine the behavioral ecology of savanna chimpanzees in Senegal. I test hypotheses related to the effects of the environment on the diet of the chimpanzees at Fongoli, concentrating on their insectivory specifically. Fongoli is the hottest and driest site in which chimpanzees have been habituated for observational data collection. Grassland habitats (68%) dominate, characterizing the site as an open savanna mosaic, which is interspersed with woodland and small patches of …
Acute brain injury and therapeutic hypothermia in the PICU: A rehabilitation perspective

Acquired brain injury from traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest (CA), stroke, and central nervous system infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population and reason for admission to inpatient rehabilitation. Therapeutic hypothermia is the only intervention shown to have efficacy from bench to bedside in improving neurological outcome after birth asphyxia and adult arrhythmia-induced CA, thought to be due to its multiple mechanisms of action. Research to determine if therapeutic hypothermia should be applied to other causes of brain injury and how to best apply it is underway in children and adults. Changes in clinical practice in the hospitalized brain-injured child may have effects on rehabilitation referral practices, goals and strategies of therapies offered, and may increase the degree of complex medical problems seen in children referred to inpatient rehabilitation.
Membrane fusion And the Alphavirus Life Cycle

Publisher Summary The explosion of information in modern cell biology has in many cases been fostered by the use of viruses as experimental paradigms Subjects as wide ranging as RNA splicing, DNA replication, on cogenes, cell polarity, and membrane protein biosynthesis have all taken advantage of the experimental manipulability, high signal-to-noise ratio, and defined components of virus systems. The usefulness of viruses is similarly apparent from the studies of the entry pathway of enveloped animal viruses into host cells; here, viruses have been critical to the understanding of cellular endocytic uptake and the molecular mechanisms of membrane fusion. This chapter summarizes the current understanding of the life cycle of alphaviruses, focusing in particular on their entry pathway and membrane fusion activity. Alphaviruses comprise a genus of the family Togaviridae, currently containing about 26 members, including the well-characterized prototype viruses, semliki forest virus (SFV) and sindbis virus (SV). The endocytic virus infection pathway and the involvement of low pH in triggering virus-membrane fusion were first delineated, using SFV, and this virus has remained an important tool in the study of both endocytosis and membrane fusion. Results from both SFV and SV are reviewed in this chapter, with additional information from other alphaviruses when available. The extensive literature on alphavirus replication, structure, entry, and fusion has also been summarized in a number of reviews that are cited under the appropriate section.
People of the Mimbres at the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture/Laboratory of A nthropology, Museum of New Mexico

People of the Mimbres. Museum of Indian Arts and Culture/Laboratory of Anthropology, Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico (February 1994. January 1995); to travel.
Effect of melting of the metallic component on the anomalous far-infrared absorption of superconducting Sn particle composites.

By means of a simple experimental heat-treatment procedure, the anomalous far-infrared absorption of superconducting Sn particle composites is shown to be associated with clustering. The structural insights thus obtained lead to a new theory in which the composite electric dipole absorption is dominated by poorly conducting clusters and is much larger than that of isolated metal particles. For superconducting particles, the theory predicts the absorption at frequencies above the gap frequency to be larger than in the normal state, in agreement with experiment.
Large‐Area Zone Plate Fabrication with Optical Lithography

Zone plates as condenser optics for x‐ray microscopes offer simple optical designs for both illumination and spectral resolution when used as a linear monochromator. However, due to the long write times for electron beam lithography, both the availability and the size of zone plates for condensers have been limited. Since the resolution provided by the linear monochromator scales almost linearly with the diameter of the zone plate, the full potential for zone plate monochromators as illumination systems for x‐ray microscopes has not been achieved. For example, the 10‐mm‐diameter zone plate has demonstrated a spectral resolution of E/ΔE = 700 [1], but with a 26‐mm‐diameter zone plate, the calculated spectral resolution is higher than E/ΔE = 3000. These large‐area zone plates are possible to fabricate with the leading edge semiconductor lithography tools such as those available at the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering at the University at Albany. One of the lithography tools available is the ASML...
Shooting stars in the ventricle: 2-D color Doppler echocardiographic findings of coronary cameral fistula.

21. Buller NP, Poole-Wilson PA: Mechanism of the increased ventilatory response to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Br Heart J 1990; 63:281–283 22. Hammond HK, Kelly TL, Froelicher VF, Pewen W: Use of clinical data in predicting improvement in exercise capacity after cardiac rehabilitation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:19–26 23. Fioretti P, Simoons ML, Zwiers G, Baardman T, Brower RW, Kazemir M, Hugenholtz PG: Value of predischarge data for the prediction of exercise capacity after cardiac rehabilitation in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 1987;(suppl)8:33–38 24. Shiran A, Kornfeld S, Zur S, Laor A, Karelitz Y, Militianu A, Merdler A, Lewis BS: Determinants of improvement in exercise capacity in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. Cardiology 1997;88:207–213 25. Jugdutt BI, Michorowski BL, Kappagoda CT: Exercise training after anterior Q wave infarction: Importance of regional left ventricular function and topography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:362–372 26. Gianuzzi P, Tavazzi L, Temporelli PL, Corra U, Imparato A, Gattone M, Giordano A, Sala L, Schweiger C, Malinverni C: Long-term physical training and left ventricular remodeling after anterior myocardial infarction: Results of the Exercise in Anterior Myocardial Infarction (EAMI) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:1821–1829 27. Giannuzzi P, Temporelli PL, Corra U, Gattone M, Giordano A, Tavazzi L: Attenuation of unfavorable remodeling by exercise training in postinfarction patients with left ventricular dysfunction: Results of the Exercise in Left Ventricular Dysfunction (ELVD) trial. Circulation 1998;96:1790–1797 28. Goebbels U, Myers J, Dziekan G, Muller P, Kuhn M, Ratte R, Dubach P: A randomized comparison of exercise training in patients with normal vs. reduced ventricular function. Chest 1998;113:1387–1393 29. Ades PA, Grunvald MH, Weiss RM, Hanson JS: Usefulness of myocardial ischemia as predictor of training effect in cardiac rehabilitation after acute myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:1032–1036
AUF-1 and YB-1 independently regulate β-globin mRNA in developing erythroid cells through interactions with poly(A)-binding protein

The normal expression of β-globin protein in mature erythrocytes is critically dependent on post-transcriptional events in erythroid progenitors that ensure the high stability of β-globin mRNA. Previous work has revealed that these regulatory processes require AUF-1 and YB-1, two RNA-binding proteins that assemble an mRNP β-complex on the β-globin 3'UTR. Here, we demonstrate that the β-complex organizes during the erythropoietic interval when both β-globin mRNA and protein accumulate rapidly, implicating the importance of this regulatory mRNP to normal erythroid differentiation. Subsequent functional analyses link β-complex assembly to the half-life of β-globin mRNA in vivo, providing a mechanistic basis for this regulatory activity. AUF-1 and YB-1 appear to serve a redundant post-transcriptional function, as both β-complex assembly and β-globin mRNA levels are reduced by coordinate depletion of the two factors, and can be restored by independent rescue with either factor alone. Additional studies demonstrate that the β-complex assembles more efficiently on polyadenylated transcripts, implicating a model in which the β-complex enhances the binding of PABPC1 to the poly(A) tail, inhibiting mRNA deadenylation and consequently effecting the high half-life of β-globin transcripts in erythroid progenitors. These data specify a post-transcriptional mechanism through which AUF1 and YB1 contribute to the normal development of erythropoietic cells, as well as to non-hematopoietic tissues in which AUF1- and YB1-based regulatory mRNPs have been observed to assemble on heterologous mRNAs.
SAIC SENTINEL acoustic counter-sniper system

An acoustic surveillance system tailored to the detection and location of sniper fire was designed and a prototype built and tested. The SENTINEL system by Science Applications International Corporation exploits 100 kHz 16- bit digitization of signals from 16 condenser microphones in two volumetric arrays to make robust determinations of bearing, range, bullet trajectory, weapon caliber, and muzzle velocity. Signal processing is accomplished on VME hardware with C40 DSPs. Solutions are displayed within three seconds of a detected event on a ruggedized full-daylight- readable color laptop console. Typical accuracies are 1 degree to 2 degrees in azimuth and 2% to 10% in range, depending on range and environmental conditions. The large bandwidth and dynamic range, and exploitation of shock waveform period and amplitude estimates, give the system good capability even in difficult geometries and highly reverberant environments. In-depth study of the phenomenology of the ballistic shock wave was undertaken during the design phase. Results of this study are summarized.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Learning 3D Part Detection from Sparsely Labeled Data

For large collections of 3D models, the ability to detect and localize parts of interest is necessary to provide search and visualization enhancements beyond simple high-level categorization. While current 3D labeling approaches rely on learning from fully labeled meshes, such training data is difficult to acquire at scale. In this work we explore learning to detect object parts from sparsely labeled data, i.e. we operate under the assumption that for any object part we have only one labeled vertex rather than a full region segmentation. Similarly, we also learn to output a single representative vertex for each detected part. Such localized predictions are useful for applications where visualization is important. Our approach relies heavily on exploiting the spatial configuration of parts on a model to drive the detection. Inspired by structured multi-class object detection models for images, we develop an algorithm that combines independently trained part classifiers with a structured SVM model, and show promising results on real-world textured 3D data.
Trap mortality in mark-recapture studies

When animals die in traps in a mark-recapture study, straightforward likelihood inferences are possible in a class of models. The class includes M0, Mt, and Mb as reported by White et al. (Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-8787-NERP, pp 235, 1982), those that do not involve heterogeneity. We include three Markov chain “persistence” models and show that they provide good fits in a trapping study of deer mice in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument of Southern Oregon where trapping mortality was high.
Variation in total and specific IgE: effects of ethnicity and socioeconomic status.

Background Asthma is common in minority and disadvantaged populations, whereas atopic disorders other than asthma appear to be less prevalent. It is unclear whether the same holds true for objective markers of sensitization. Objective To determine the association of asthma, atopic disorders, and specific sensitization with race and socioeconomic factors. Methods We analyzed total and specific IgE among 882 women (577 white, 169 black, and 136 Hispanic) who delivered a child at a large tertiary hospital in Boston, Mass, and who were screened for participation in a family and birth cohort study. Race/ethnicity and other characteristics were obtained from screening questionnaires. Addresses were geocoded, and 3 census-based geographic area socioeconomic variables were derived from block group information from the 1990 US Census. Results Black and Hispanic women were more likely to come from areas with low socioeconomic indicators and were more likely to have asthma than white women. However, these women were less likely to have hay fever and eczema than their white counterparts. Compared with white women, black women had higher mean total IgE levels; had greater proportions of sensitization to indoor, outdoor, and fungal allergens; and were more than twice as likely to be sensitized to ≥3 aeroallergens. Conclusion The racial/ethnic disparities in atopic disorders may represent either underdiagnosis or underreporting and suggest that allergy testing may be underused in some populations. Differences in total IgE levels and specific allergen sensitization are likely a result of the complex interplay between exposures associated with socioeconomic disadvantage.
Time-dependent density-matrix functional theory for biexcitonic phenomena

We formulate a time-dependent density-matrix functional theory (TDDMFT) approach for higher-order correlation effects like biexcitons in optical processes in solids based on a reduced two-particle density-matrix formalism within the normal orbital representation. A TDDMFT version of the Schr\"odinger equation for biexcitons in terms of one- and two-body reduced density matrices is derived, which leads to finite biexcitonic binding energies already with an adiabatic approximation. Biexcitonic binding energies for several bulk semiconductors are calculated using a contact biexciton model.
DISCOVERY AND ANALYSIS OF AN ELECTRONIC SPECTRUM OF THE DIMETHYLZINC CATION PRODUCED IN A FREE-JET EXPANSION

By use of a crossed free-jet/electron beam technique, an electronic spectrum of dimethylzinc cation centered at 608 nm has been discovered. Identification of Zn(CH3)2+ as the carrier of the spectrum is based on comparison with the photoelectron spectrum and rotational-energy-cooling experiments to rule out fragment species. The spectrum is assigned as the A2A1s−X2A4s transition of the molecular ion. Analysis of the spectrum reveals a strong origin band system consisting of several sequence bands separated by 51 cm-1 and a weak progression involving the symmetric methyl deformation vibrational mode, ν2. The term energy of the 2A1s state is determined to be 2.039 eV, and the wavenumber of the ν2 vibrational mode for the ground state is 1086 cm-1. Unusual intensities and band spacing in the progression are possibly explained by a Fermi resonance. The features found in the spectrum point to a large change in geometry upon ion formation but to similar geometries for the ground and first excited electronic sta...
Radiolytic oxidation of leuco crystal violet

Abstract In the radiolysis of solutions of leuco crystal violet in benzene-bromobenzene mixtures, a significant amount of oxidation occurred under aerated conditions. In an aerated solution of benzene containing 10 −3 M leuco crystal violet and 0.096 M bromobenzene, the yields of crystal violet ion, biphenyl and benzene were respectively 1.06, 0.75 and 0.96 molecules per 100 eV. In the same solution, under degassed conditions, the estimated yields of crystal violet ion and biphenyl were 0.075 and 1.76, respectively. Benzene formation was found to be negligible. Reaction mechanisms consistent with the observed effects, are proposed for degassed and aerated conditions. The potential of this system as a dosimeter for γ-rays is also discussed.
Thermal deformation in brushes for current passage through a steadily moving patch

Abstract The development of a numerical analysis is outlined for an electrical brush treated as a thin half-disk with a small contact patch near the center of its straight edge. The brush material is treated as passing relative to the contact at a fixed speed. A steady electric field is assumed to act in the brush, giving rise to a distributed heat source. The relative displacements of the center and of each end of the patch are calculated. The patch is assumed to be held at ambient temperature by the passage of the cool conductive slip ring. The final result is a measure of bulge and tilt which may be added to similar effects resulting from frictional heating to provide an interpretation of the relative roles of current and friction on contact behavior.
Welfare Application Encounters Subordination, Satisfaction, and the Puzzle of Client Evaluations

Based on interviews with clients in two welfare programs, this article explores three questions regarding application encounters: (a) What criteria do applicants use to evaluate the treatment they receive? (b) How do application experiences affect individuals’ expectations of the status that they will occupy as clients? and (c) How do program designs influence these evaluations and expectations? The analysis sheds new light on a longstanding tension between observation research, which suggests that clients are subordinated in welfare encounters, and survey research, which suggests that clients are satisfied with the treatment they receive. The program comparison also offers a basis for reflecting on recent critiques of the dual U.S. welfare system.
Active vibration control of propeller shafts

Abstract The development of an active control system for suppressing the longitudinal vibrations of propeller shafts is described. The control system consists of a self-contained pneumatic servo-controller which is powered by compressed air. A theoretical model is presented which describes the interaction between the propeller shaft system and the active controller. The theoretical performance of the system is predicted under various design and operating conditions with and without the active controller. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results on a prototype controller for a shaft excited by a 0·15 m diameter three-bladed propeller. Results indicate that the active controller is capable of attenuating the longitudinal vibrations of the shaft by approximately 11 dB over a frequency range of 0–10 Hz. The simplicity and reliability of the active control system suggests its potential as an attractive alternative to currently available passive control systems.
Unusually stable tungstenacyclobutadienes featuring an ONO trianionic pincer-type ligand.

This report presents the synthesis of the first neutral trianionic ONO pincer-type tungsten alkylidyne complex, [CF3–ONO]WC(tBu)(OEt2) (5) {where CF3–ONO = (MeC6H3[C(CF3)2O])2N3−}. Treating 5 with 1-phenylpropyne, 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentyne, and cyclooctyne yields the corresponding tungstenacyclobutadiene complexes [CF3–ONO]W[κ2-C(tBu)C(Me)C(Ph)] (6), [CF3–ONO]W[κ2-C(tBu)C(Me)C(tBu)] (7), and [CF3–ONO]W[κ2-C(tBu)C(CH2)6C] (8). Complexes 6, 7, and 8 do not undergo retro-[2 + 2]-cycloaddition even at 200 °C or in the presence of PMe3. DFT methods to elucidate the electronic structure of complexes 5 and 6 reveal important electronic factors that contribute to the lack of reactivity for the tungstenacyclobutadienes. An important bonding combination between the pincer N-atom lone pair and the WC bond within 5, termed an inorganic enamine, provides an explanation for the lack of retro-[2 + 2]-cycloaddition from 6, 7, and 8. 15N NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm the computational finding of an inorganic enamine bonding combination. Single crystal X-ray analysis of 5, 6, 7, and 8 provides insight into possible steric inadequacies within the CF3–ONO3− ligand to promote catalytic metathesis.
POEMS syndrome and Castleman disease

![Figure][1] A 48-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of peripheral neuropathy. She progressively developed motor weakness leading to quadriparesis and respiratory failure requiring intubation. Nerve conduction studies showed diffuse absence of motor and sensory responses. She had
Neuroimaging features in a neonate with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata

Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata is a rare genetic disorder of peroxisomal metabolism that is characterized clinically by shortening of the proximal limbs, cataracts, a characteristic facial appearance, failure to thrive, and psychomotor retardation. This report describes a newborn with a severe phenotype whose neuroimaging showed pachygyria-polymicrogyria, severe spinal stenosis causing compression of the cervical cord and brainstem, and tethering of the spinal cord. Imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with this disorder may aid prognosis and guide management decisions.
Beam shaping of ultrashort laser pulses using diffractive optics: a theoretical study

We extended the study of a diffractive laser beam shaping system which is originally designed for continuous waves (SPIE vol. 2863, pp 237-45, 1996). The beam profile of an ultra-short laser pulse passing through this optical system is calculated. Two different numerical methods, Monte Carlo and Gaussian method, are applied to this problem. We find that the Gaussian method yields better results because the step size algorithms used in this method are well suited for this specific problem. The Gaussian numerical simulation shows that the fluence still yields a top-hat radial distribution. Beam shaping of ultra-short laser pulses using this optical scheme is feasible.
Effects of Lattice Orientation and Size on Molecular Asperity Contact Models

Surface asperities can range widely in size. Therefore it is important to characterize the effect of size and scale on the contact mechanics. This work presents a molecular model of asperity contact in order to characterize small scale asperity contact. The effects of lattice orientation and radius (number of particles) are examined. It appears that lattice orientation has a noticeable effect, but nominally may not be important in the contact of asperities and rough surfaces. The size appears to be important until a certain minimum size is achieved.© 2009 ASME
Possible Origin of the Diffuse Component of Cosmic X Rays

We show that if one assumes (following Cowsik and Pal and Shen in their explanation of the flux of galactic gamma rays) that the recently measured far-infrared radiation is galactic, then one must also accept the existence of the x-ray flux, with a magnitude in agreement with observations but with a large anisotropy, in sharp disagreement with the measured isotropy.
The Diurnal Carrier-Phase Variation of a 16-Kilocycle Transatlantic Signal

The diurnal variation of the time of arrival of a 16-kilocycle signal traversing a transatlantic path has been found to be about 40 microseconds. This variation is presumably caused by a day-to-night change in the equivalent height of reflection of 10 to 12 kilometers, and appears to be very predictable. The great phase stability of very low frequency transmission permits intercontinental frequency comparison to a precision of at least 1 part in 1010. Variations of the frequency of the arriving signal are apparently always less than ±3 parts in 109; a figure to be compared with estimates of the order of ±2 parts in 107 for high-frequency transmission. With such stability of propagation, extremely narrow receiving bandwidths are attainable. These bandwidths, in turn, make possible highly reliable networking of frequencies for communication station allocation and for navigational purposes.
Space solar cell performance measurements and characterization

Abstract A brief overview of some of the important aspects of performance measurement and characterization of solar cells has been presented. The intent has been to illustrate some of the ways in which the reliable predictions of cell performance in the varied environment of outer space can be made. The techniques touched on here will necessarily need to be supplemented as new cell types are developed to the point where space power designers begin to seriously consider their use. These newer cell types are expected to be made of more exotic materials, will be more efficient, possibly made of very thin films and most certainly the cell designs will incorporate multiple junctions. New fixture system will have to be developed to match the new cell contact systems. The simple measurement of I–V curves of cells with multiple bandgaps present special problems in cases where one of the junctions be very sensitive to that part of the simulator spectrum where it substantially deviates from the true solar spectrum. It is very likely that better solar simulators may have to be developed in order to measure these cells with any degree of accuracy, and a host of new standard solar cells will have to be produced, calibrated, and maintained. Spectral response measurements will be a special problem too, since certain wavelengths of lightfalling on the cell will excite only one junction, but not the other. In this case, the inactive junction can become a load for the other junctions and large measurment errors may result. We look forward to this measurement challenge-expecting to meet and fulfill the exacting demands of the flight projects of the coming decades.
New materials, new processes: implementing digital imaging projects into existing workflow

Abstract Electronic resources and multimedia databases are quickly becoming an integral part of library collections. These electronic resources are forcing libraries to look at many parts of their organization—in particular, technical services—and to begin planning and implementing available technology for the organization and management of these materials. Designing and re-designing workflow will be a critical component in the successful access to and integration of electronic resources with existing materials and workflow. This article draws on the authors’ own experiences designing, planning and implementing workflow for two digital imaging projects, including using an SGML/XML metadata standard to provide access to digitized resources in all formats. The authors will share the challenges of learning new technology to organize and manage these resources (with no increase in staff), show how technology can be applied for increased efficiency, and discuss future possibilities.
A call for bioimaging software usability

Bioimaging software developed in a research setting often is not widely used by the scientific community. We suggest that, to maximize both the public's and researchers' investments, usability should be a more highly valued goal. We describe specific characteristics of usability toward which bioimaging software projects should aim.
Knee dislocation with lateral side injury: results of an en masse surgical repair technique of the lateral side.

Background: Knee dislocations with lateral side injury are rare and disabling if not treated.Hypothesis: An en masse surgical technique to repair the lateral side will provide good stability, and the posterior cruciate ligament will heal when left in situ.Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods: Twenty-three patients underwent an en masse lateral side repair after knee dislocation injury; all but 1 patient had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physical examination included the International Knee Documentation Committee score, isokinetic strength testing, KT-2000 arthrometer testing, radiography (including varus stress), and magnetic resonance imaging scan. Patients were evaluated subjectively with several surveys.Results: Mean objective evaluation occurred for 17 patients at 4.6 years postoperatively, and 21 subjective evaluations occurred for 21 patients at 5.6 years postoperatively. The objective overall grade was normal for 10 patients and nearly normal for 7 patients. Lateral ...
"Karate kid" finger.

The ulnar dorsal digital nerve of the little finger overlies the prominence of the ulnar hemicondyle of the middle phalanx at the proximal interphalangeal joint level and is vulnerable to contusion injury when the hand is used to perform karate chops. Localized perineural and interfascicular fibrosis may ensue. Neurolysis is curative. Language: en
Mallarmé’s Cinepoetics: The Poem Uncoiled by the Cinématographe, 1893–98

Between 1893 and his death in 1898, Stephane Mallarme experimented with a poetics permeated by the emerging technology of cinema. Close to technicians and journalists of early film, Mallarme developed what might be called a cinepoetics, especially in Un coup de des (1897)—the ur-modernist visual poem whose preface recoups the single declaration he made on cinema—and in the unrealized project known as Le Livre (1893–98), a poetic performance involving electrical lighting and image projection. Close readings make explicit Mallarme’s cinepoetic aesthetics. Its epistemology of deroulement ‘unfolding’ is compared with that of other 1890s figures: Etienne-Jules Marey, Henri Bergson, and Loie Fuller. Cinepoetry has not been recognized as the distinct practice it was, although Walter Benjamin and Jacques Derrida came close to theorizing Mallarme’s interest in cinema. Cinepoetic experimentation has shadowed the whole French vanguard. The study of its genealogy should reshape our understanding of the intersection o...
Intubation of the ileocecal valve made easy

Intubation of the ileocecal valve and terminal ileoscopy is useful clinically, especially in conjunction with diagnostic colonoscopy in patients with suspected or established inflammatory bowel disease or lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding. We describe a simple method of successful intubation of the ileocecal valve to facilitate ileoscopy. This method also confirms successful completion of colonoscopy, because the ileocecal valve is the most relevant endoscopic landmark of the cecum.
Status and performance of the Compact Muon Solenoid pixel detector

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC incorporates a 66 million channel silicon pixel detector at its center for track seeding and precise vertexing. The hardware and data acquisition software of the pixel detector are briefly introduced in this paper. Experience with installation is succinctly recounted and some of the calibrations performed during the commissioning period are described. Preliminary performance numbers like charge collection and hit residuals from cosmic ray tracks are presented.
Phase conjugation at 10.6 μm by resonantly enhanced degenerate four‐wave mixing

A resonantly enhanced phase‐conjugate 10.6‐μm signal has been generated in the saturable absorber SF6. Direct evidence of aberration correction is shown through the use of far‐field photographs taken with a pyroelectric vidicon camera. Reflection coefficients of 7% have been achieved in a few Torr of SF6 for a 2‐cm interaction length.
The Contribution of Roller Compliance to Elastohydrodynamic Traction

EHL traction behavior in the high-pressure, low slide-to-roll ratio regime, where the response may be described as linear, is of importance for the operation of toroidal continuously variable transmissions that must reduce the mechanical loss by operating in or close to this regime and for defining the torque losses of a rolling element bearing. In this article, we take a novel approach to the problem by comparing traction in this low slide-to-roll regime for dry and lubricated contacts. New experimental measurements show that for very high contact pressures along with low slide-to-roll ratios, the lubricated traction curve varies little from that obtained in dry sliding contact. Longitudinal sliding, transverse sliding, and spin are investigated and the results are compared to the theory of Kalker. The implications for the calculation of traction from material properties and for the advantageous manipulation of the linear traction gradient are explored. Presented at the STLE Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, ...
Structuralism Versus Individualism: Part 1, Shadowboxing in the Dark

American sociology has been dominated by an individualist, psychologistic perspective. This dominance has been so pervasive that American sociologists are generally unfamiliar with a sociological apprehension of social phenomena. That is, American sociologists are largely unfamiliar with the structuralist (sociological) view of social phenomena. The two approaches are so far apart and employ such different terminologies and definitions that they would be more accurately conceived as two entirely different fields of study. This essay attempts to draw out some of the differences between the structuralist and the individualist perspectives and to offer a criticism of the individualist position. The critical aspects of the essay are intended to clarify for individualist sociologists just why structuralists regard individualism not only as a dead end, but, indeed, not even as sociology.
Azole Antifungal Inhibition of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Oxycodone In Vitro Metabolism

Opioid-related mortality rates have escalated. Drug interactions may increase blood concentrations of the opioid. We therefore used human liver microsomes (HLMs) and cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450s (rCYPs) to study in vitro inhibition of buprenorphine metabolism to norbuprenorphine (CYP3A4 and 2C8), oxycodone metabolism to noroxycodone (CYP3A4 and 2C18) and oxymorphone (CYP2D6), and methadone metabolism to R- and S-2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP; CYP3A4 and 2B6). In this study, we have examined the inhibitory effect of 12 (mostly antifungal) azoles. These compounds have a wide range of solubility; to keep organic solvent ≤1%, there was an equally wide range of highest concentration tested (e.g., itraconazole 5 µM to fluconazole 1000 µM). Inhibitors were first incubated with HLMs at three concentrations with or without preincubation of inhibitor with reducing equivalents to also screen for time-dependent inhibition (TDI). Posaconazole displayed evidence of TDI; metronidazole and albendazole had no significant effect. Azoles were next screened at the highest achievable concentration for non-CYP3A4 pathways. IC50 values (µM) were determined for most CYP3A4 pathways (ranges) and other pathways as dictated by screen results: clotrimazole (0.30 - 0.35; others >30 µM); econazole (2.2 - 4.9; 2B6 R-EDDP - 9.5, S-EDDP - 6.8; 2C8 - 6.0; 2C18 - 1.0; 2D6 - 1.2); fluconazole (7.7 - 66; 2B6 - 313, 361; 2C8 - 1240; 2C18 - 17; 2D6 - 1000); itraconazole (2.5 to >5; others >5); ketoconazole (0.032 - 0.094; 2B6 - 12, 31; 2C8 - 78; 2C18 - 0.98; 2D6 - 182); miconazole (2.3 - 7.6; 2B6 - 2.8, 2.8; 2C8 - 5.3; 2C18 - 3.1; 2D6 - 5.9); posaconazole (3.4 - 20; 2C18 - 3.8; others >30); terconazole (0.48 to >10; 2C18 - 8.1; others >10) and voriconazole (0.40 - 15; 2B6 - 2.4, 2.5; 2C8 - 170; 2C18 - 13; 2D6 >300). Modeling based on estimated Ki values and plasma concentrations from the literature suggest that the orally administered azoles, particularly ketoconazole and voriconazole, have the greatest potential for inhibiting CYP3A4 pathways, as does voriconazole for the CYP2B6 pathways. Azoles used for mucosal and topical applications did not exceed the modeling threshold.
Transforming supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) into Dynamic Monitoring and Decision Systems (DYMONDS): The missing link in smart grids

In this paper we describe an effort which is under way at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in the Electric Energy Systems Group (EESG) [1]. We refer to this effort as the Dynamic Monitoring and Decision Systems (DYMONDS) initiative. Its objective is to develop an Information Technology (IT)-enabled framework in support of sustainable evolution of today's electric power systems into future energy systems capable of meeting dynamically evolving complex tradeoffs of business, societal and energy service users' needs both short-term and very long-term.
The numerical solution of linear ordinary differential equations by feedforward neural networks

It is demonstrated, through theory and examples, how it is possible to construct directly and noniteratively a feedforward neural network to approximate arbitrary linear ordinary differential equations. The method, using the hard limit transfer function, is linear in storage and processing time, and the L"2 norm of the network approximation error decreases quadratically with the increasing number of hidden layer neurons. The construction requires imposing certain constraints on the values of the input, bias, and output weights, and the attribution of certain roles to each of these parameters. All results presented used the hard limit transfer function. However, the noniterative approach should also be applicable to the use of hyperbolic tangents, sigmoids, and radial basis functions.