cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment of arteriovenous graft pseudoaneurysms, indications, complications, and outcomes: a systematic review.

Abstract There are limited data regarding endovascular treatment of arteriovenous graft (AVG) pseudoaneurysms using stent grafts. We performed a comprehensive literature review on the use of stent grafts in the treatment of AVG pseudoaneurysms. We included 10 studies (121 patients). The mean AVG age was 3.1 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2-4) and pseudoaneurysm mean diameter was 34 mm (95% CI: 23-46). The majority (71%) of the pseudoaneurysms were located on the arterial limb of the AVG and 77% presented with venous anastomosis stenosis requiring angioplasty. The mean number of stents used to treat one lesion was 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.5). The technical success rate of pseudoaneurysm isolation was 100% in all studies and 100% of patients received hemodialysis using the AVG after pseudoaneurysm treatment without the need for catheter placement. The primary patency rates for 1, 3, and 6 months were 81%, 73%, and 24%. Secondary patency was 80%, 77%, and 74% at 1, 3, and 6 months. Arteriovenous graft thrombosis occurred in 12% of patients. Arteriovenous graft infection developed in 35% of cases. Arteriovenous graft pseudoaneurysm treatment using stent grafts is effective in managing even large pseudoaneurysms and has acceptable primary and secondary patency rates. Graft infection was a relatively frequent complication.
The Xenopus XIHbox 6 homeo protein, a marker of posterior neural induction, is expressed in proliferating neurons

XIHbox 6 is an early spatially restricted marker for molecular studies of neural induction. The sequence of the full-length XIHbox 6 protein is reported. An antibody raised against a beta-galactosidase/XIHbox 6 fusion protein was used to analyze the expression of XIHbox 6 proteins during frog embryogenesis. The anterior border of XIHbox 6 expression lies just posterior of the hindbrain/spinal cord junction. Immunostaining extends the entire length of the spinal cord. A much weaker transient expression with a similar anterior border is observed in mesoderm. Almost all nuclei in the newly closed spinal cord contain XIHbox 6. The number of positive nuclei decreases over the next stages of development, until in later embryos XIHbox 6 is restricted to nuclei of the dividing neuroepithelium, and not the mantle or marginal zones of the spinal cord. When the limb buds begin to grow, there is a second burst of XIHbox 6 expression in proliferating neurons of the cervical and lumbar enlargements, where nerves arise that supply the limbs. The data suggest that XIHbox 6 expression is spatially and temporally restricted to immature neurons of the spinal cord, before their differentiation into mature neurons.
MSCs and hyaluronan: sticking together for new therapeutic potential?

Abstract Research involving mesenchymal multipotent/stem/progenitor/stromal/marrow cells (MSCs) have translated to clinical trials at an extraordinary pace. By the time of this review, the public clinical trials database ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ) has 394 clinical trials listed using MSCs for a very wide range of therapeutic applications. Unexpectedly, the explanation for the increase in clinical trials using MSCs does not lie on a well-defined therapeutic mechanism – dramatic results have been demonstrated in a variety of studies involving different animal models of diseases, often describing discrete therapeutic mechanisms exerted by MSCs. This review will focus on recent data suggesting the involvement of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the beneficial effects of MSCs, evaluate the potential of MSC as modulators of HA and the implications of this modulation for disease therapy.
Solubility of Elemental Sulfur in Toluene between (267.15 and 313.15) K under Atmospheric Pressure

The occurrence of sulfur deposits in natural gas transmission facilities has recently been observed. Only modeling approaches of this subject are available and suggest desublimation of sulfur as the mechanism responsible for the deposit. Quantification of the sulfur deposit is the first step to an experimental study of the phenomenon. The solid present on polluted pieces is recovered by solving it in a toluene bath. Thus, experimental data concerning sulfur solubility in toluene are necessary for the deposit quantification. The analytical method developed in this work is based on the chemical reaction between elemental sulfur and triphenylphosphine to produce triphenylphosphine sulfide. Gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a flame photometric detector (FPD) in phosphorus mode allows sulfur quantification indirectly. This analysis method is used for determining the solubility of sulfur in toluene under atmospheric pressure and temperature ranging from (267.15 to 313.15) K.
The National Cancer Institute phase I study of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine administration in adults with AIDS or AIDS-related complex: analysis of activity and toxicity profiles.

2',3'-Dideoxyinosine (didanosine; ddI) was administered to 37 adults with AIDS or AIDSrelated complex in an escalating-dose phase I study. Groups of three or four patients received intravenous dosages of 0.4 mg/(kg.d) to 25.6 mg/(kg.d) divided into two or three daily doses for 2 weeks, followed by oral ddl at twice the intravenous dosages. When given with antacids, ddl was well absorbed by the oral route and penetrated into the cerebrospinal fluid. The patients had an increase in mean number of CD4+ cells from 114/mm3 at entry to 161/mm3 at week 6 (P = .00004). They also had an increase in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in total number of lymphocytes. Sixteen of 18 evaluable patients had a decrease in levels of human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen by week 6 (P = .0034). Many patients reported increased energy and appetite and gained weight. Doselimiting toxicities at high dosages were painful peripheral neuropathy and sporadic pancreatitis. However, dosages up to 9.6 mg/(kg.d) have been tolerated in patients for 11-14 months. Thus, ddI has activity against human immunodeficiency virus at dosages that can be tolerated for nui year. However, life-threatening pancreatitis is a possible complication even at low dosages, and the best ways to manage and avoid adverse effects are still under study.
QUANTUM NETWORK SIMULATIONS OF HIGH Tc CERAMIC SUPERCONDUCTORS

Microwave absorption measurements of the high Tc ceramic superconductors reveal reproducible features in weak magnetic fields. These features are qualitatively explained by a quantum network model of these superconducting oxides. The ceramic superconductors are modeled as a set of one-dimensional wires weakly coupled at random nodes. The magnetoconductance, magnetization and susceptibility are computed from the network S-matrix.
Familial Band-shaped Nodular Keratonathy

A family is reported in which two brothers have a bilateral, symmetrical corneal disorder characterized by small yellowish to amber-colored globules arranged in a band-shaped configuration in the central superficial layers of the cornea. The globules have a similar clinical appearance to those found in Bietti's "band-shaped nodular dystrophy," a keratopathy that is nonfamilial, has an onset later in life, and initially involves the peripheral cornea. Light and electron microscopic studies of corneal tissue obtained from the proband showed that the globular deposits autofluoresce, that they stain black with Verhoeff's elastic stain, and that they correspond to an electron-dense material found within corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes and within the extracellular tissues of the anterior cornea. A third, younger brother appears to have the early corneal signs of the condition. Unlike the condition described by Bietti, the keratopathy we report is unique in its familial nature, early onset in life, and initial, marked central corneal involvement.
On the infinite-horizon LQ tracker

Abstract The infinite-horizon tracking problem is considered in the linear-quadratic optimal control framework. Computationally, one term in the control signal is a constant gain, stabilizing, full-state feedback found by solving an algebraic Riccati equation; the second term involves a steady-state function vss(t) that solves an auxiliary, forced differential equation with unknown initial condition. In this article, a linear system of algebraic equations is derived to determine vss(0). Numerical examples are included to illustrate the result.
Intensive insulin therapy confers a similar survival benefit in the burn intensive care unit to the surgical intensive care unit.

Background In contrast to the benefits of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU), its benefits in the burn ICU (BICU) remain unclear. Furthermore, IIT and tight glycemic control has received little attention in elderly ICU patients. Methods We evaluated the normalization of blood glucose level with IIT in BICU and SICU patients. From October 2006 to July 2007, 970 patients were admitted to our BICU and our SICU. A total of 79 of these patients met criteria for initiation of IIT, 37 of who required IIT for at least 72 hours. Data were analyzed to determine if tight glycemic control (blood glucose ≤150 mg/dL by day 3) is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality. Results Tight control was better achieved in SICU patients (45%) than in BICU patients (33%). Daily insulin requirements were approximately 2-fold greater in SICU patients compared with BICU patients (P 150 mg/dL groups. Mortality rate in the poor control group was >10-fold greater than that of the tight control group; for patients ≥65 years of age, mortality was nearly double than that of patients 65 years of age with poor control. Conclusion Tight control with IIT is associated with an increased survival rate in both BICU and SICU patients. Age is associated with survival, with patients older than 65 years of age having the greatest mortality rate.
Adaptive Hysteresis Model for Model Reference Control with Actuator Hysteresis

When working with active materials which exhibit profound hysteresis, such as shape memory alloys, the “ perfect” mathematicalrepresentationofthehysteresisdoesnotexist.However,wecanrepresentmanyhysteretictrends by means of operator models that vary in their theoretical, physical, and computational complexity, depending on how precisely they modelthehysteresis. In previousstudies by theauthors,generalized Preisach representations of the hysteresis phenomena by use of Krasnosel’ skii and Pokrovskii (KP) operators have been represented in linear parametric form. This parameterized KP model has been successfully implemented with a gradient-adaptive law foron-lineidentie cationand adaptivecompensation when thehysteresisoutputcanbemeasured. Theapplicability of the parameterized KP model is extended to model reference control systems with hysteresis actuators whose output cannot be measured.
High-temperature superconducting microwave devices: Fundamental issues in materials, physics, and engineering

High-T c superconductivity has generated a great deal of interest because of the challenges it presents in the fields of material science, condensed matter physics, and electrical engineering, and because of the potential applications which may result from these research efforts. Thin-film passive microwave components may become the first high-temperature superconducting (HTS) devices available for widespread use and commercialization. In this article, we review aspects of material science, physics, and engineering which directly impact high-T c superconducting microwave devices and discuss issues which determine the performance of these devices. Methods of growing HTS thin films on large-area substrates, techniques for fabricating single-level HTS passive microwave components, and the relevant properties of high-T c superconducting films are discussed, with a focus on thin films of the HTS material YBa2Cu3O7−δ. Several known mechanisms for microwave loss in both the superconductor and the dielectric substrate are presented. An overview of the general classes of superconducting passive microwave devices is given, and representative microwave devices which have been recently demonstrated are described in detail. Examples of a select few HTS active microwave components are also presented. Potential microwave applications are illustrated with comparisons to current technology.
Subwavelength semiconductor lasers for dense chip-scale integration

Metal-clad subwavelength lasers have recently become excellent candidates for light sources in densely packed chip-scale photonic circuits. In this review, we summarize recent research efforts in the theory, design, fabrication, and characterization of such lasers. We detail advancements of both the metallo-dielectric and the coaxial type lasers: for the metallo-dielectric type, we discuss operation with both optical pumping and electrical pumping. For the coaxial type, we discuss operation with all spontaneous emission coupled into the lasing mode, as well as the smallest metal-clad lasers to date operating at room temperature. A formal treatment of the Purcell effect, the modification of the spontaneous emission rate by a subwavelength cavity, is then presented to assist in better understanding the quantum effects in these nanoscale semiconductor lasers. This formalism is developed for the transparent medium condition, using the emitter-field-reservoir model in the quantum theory of damping. We show its utility through the analysis and design of subwavelength lasers. Finally, we discuss future research directions toward high-efficiency nanolasers and potential applications, such as creating planar arrays of uncoupled lasers with emitter densities near the resolution limit.
Ultrasonic Flaw Classification — An Expert System Approach

An expert system, FLEX, for classifying isolated flaws as either crack-like or volumetric has been under development at the Center for NDE, Iowa State University. Previously, we have described the overall design of the system [1], which is composed of two cooperating systems FEAP and FLAP. The feature processing (FEAP) system is designed to extract fundamental features in the ultrasonic signals that are indicative of cracks or volumetric flaws. The flaw processing (FLAP) system then uses the existence (or non-existence) of these features to classify the flaw. FLAP is structured as a classical rule-based expert system and has also been described previously [2]. Here, we will present the major elements of FEAP and the design philosophy that has gone into its construction. A more detailed account of FEAP is given in the thesis of Christensen [3].
Mechanics of sound production in toads of the genus Bufo: passive elements.

The vibration mechanics of the vocal tracts of over 40 species of toads (genus Bufo) were studied, using an apparatus to artificially activate the larynges of freshly killed animals. The effects of laryngeal ablations on the mating and release calls were studied. They confirmed the results obtained by artificial activation. The mating and release call dominant frequencies are determined primarily by the fundamental frequencies of vibration of the paired vocal cords. Vocal cord resonant frequencies are in turn largely determined by the activation air pressure and the masses of cartilagenous deposits in their lateral portions. In most species, fleshy folds within the larynx at the anterior extremities of the arytenoid cartilages cause these cartilages to vibrate during sound production, amplitude modulating the vocal cord output. In most species, the contraction pattern of the vocal musculature is reflected as a periodic pulsation. Frequency modulations of the mating call dominant (or carrier) frequency are described, partially explained, and deemphasized in importance with respect to toad acoustical communication. The findings of this investigation are made relevant to the overall problem of the structure and evolution of toad acoustical communication by use of an analogy with standard AM radio broadcast.
Evolving the use of peptides as components of biomaterials.

This manuscript is part of a debate on the statement that “the use of short synthetic adhesion peptides, like RGD, is the best approach in the design of biomaterials that guide cell behavior for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering”. We take the position that although there are some acknowledged disadvantages of using short peptide ligands within biomaterials, it is not necessary to discard the notion of using peptides within biomaterials entirely, but rather to reinvent and evolve their use. Peptides possess advantageous chemical definition, access to non-native chemistries, amenability to de novo design, and applicability within parallel approaches. Biomaterials development programs that require such aspects may benefit from a peptide-based strategy.
Decoration Behavior in Microphrys Bicornutus (Latreille, 1825) (Decapoda, Brachyura)

Hulth, J. M., 1896. Bibliographia Lilljeborgiana, f?rteckning ?fver Professor W. Lilljeborgs hittills utgivna skrifter. Festschr. Wilhelm Lilljeborg zum achtzigsten Geburtstag gewidmet von schwedischen Zoologen: i-xii. (Almqvist & Wiksell, Upsala). Liljeborg, W., 1853. Om de inom Sk?ne f?rekommande Crustaceer af Ordningarne Cladocera, Ostracoda och Copepoda: i-xv, 1-222. (Berlingska, Lund). -, 1900. Cladocera Sueciae, oder Beitr?ge zur Kenntniss der in Schweden lebenden Krebsthiere von der Ordnung der Branchiopoden und der Unterordnung Cladoceren. Nova Acta Soc. Sei. Upsal., (3) 6: 1-701. (Author's name spelled Lilljeborg). -, unpublished. F?rel?sningar ?fver icke parasitiska Kr?ftdjur af ordingarne Branchiopoda, Ostracoda och Copepoda. Notes taken in 1880 by Carl Lindman. University of Uppsala Library, Code D 189i. 70 p. Richard, Jules, 1895. R?vision des Cladoc?res. Ann. Sei. nat., (Zool.) (7) 18: 279-389. -, 1896. R?vision des Cladoc?res, 2. Ann. Sei. nat., (Zool.) (8) 2: 187-363. Sars, G. O., 1889. On a small collection of freshwater Entomostraca from Sydney. Christiania Vidensk.-Selsk. Forh., 1889 (9): 1-9. -, 1890. Oversigt af Norges Crustaceer med forel?bige Bemaerkninger over de nye eller mindre bekjendte Arter, 2 (Branchiopoda-Ostracoda-Cirripedia). Christiania Videns.-Selsk. Forh. 1890 (1): 1-80. -, 1896. On fresh-water Entomostraca from the neighbourhood of Sydney, partly raised from dried mud. Arch. Mathem. Naturvidensk., 18 (3): 1-81. Smirnov, N. N., 1971. Chydoridae Fauny Mira. Fauna SSSR, (n. Ser.) 101: 1-531. Stenroos, K. E., 1898. Das Thierleben im Nurmij?rvi-See. Eine faunistisch-biologische Studie. Acta Soc. Faun. Flora Fenn., 17 (1): i-vi, 1-259. TuLLBERG, Tycho, 1908. Wilhelm Lilljeborg. Fauna Flora, 1908 (4): 153-163. Wesenberg-Lund, C, 1894. Gr?nlands Ferskvandsentomostraca, 1. Phyllopoda Branchiopoda et Cladocera. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk naturh. Foren. Kjobenhavn, 1894: 82-173. Zacharias, O., 1887. Zur Kenntnis der pelagischen und littoralen Fauna norddeutscher Seen. Z. wiss. Zool., 45: 255-281.
Fanny Hensel's Lied Aesthetic

The bulk of research on Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel to date has focused primarily on either the historical or editorial; analysis of her music, however, is rare. Turning the lens on Hensel's songs for solo voice is a step toward rectifying this situation. What defines the Henselian Lied? What makes her songs distinctive and unmistakably her own? What, in short, was her Lied aesthetic? An examination of two of her songs from the late 1820s, “Verlust” (1827) and “Die fruhen Graber” (1828), uncovers three hallmarks of her approach to the Lied: an avoidance of tonic harmony, an emphasis on text painting, and the use of the piano accompaniment as commentary. The most striking of these hallmarks—the absence of the tonic—can be traced through several songs from the middle of her output, including her setting of Goethe's “Uber allen Gipfeln ist Ruh” (1835). All three features are most evident in one of her last songs, “Im Herbste” (1846). These songs reveal a composer with a great sensitivity to textual nuance, a pe...
Controversies in ammonia metabolism: implications for hepatic encephalopathy.

There have almost always been controversial aspects concerning the role of ammonia in the production of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). This was true 50 years ago and is certainly true now. This review will address some of these controversies. The question whether ammonia is actually present in the blood was among the first of these uncertainties. Early observers, working at a time when chemical assays were not very sensitive, noted that the ammonia concentration in drawn blood rose as a function of time. Extrapolation to the time of the blood draw led to the conclusion that if ammonia was present, it was present at the threshold level for detection of the assay. Early methods for measuring the ammonia concentration required specialized glassware that was scrupulously clean. Blood samples were placed in a well and alkalinized to cause diffusion of ammonia gas into a second well which was then subjected to chemical analysis. Now blood ammonia levels are readily available in virtually all clinical chemistry laboratories. However, lessons from that era still apply: it is important to minimize the time between the blood draw and the analysis, avoid the use of tourniquets that cause an ischemia-induced rise in ammonia, and to use arterial blood whenever possible. Perhaps the greatest controversy centered on the putative role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE. Naysayers to the ammonia hypothesis pointed to alternatives such as false neurotransmitters, exemplified by octopamine. The putative role for octopamine was laid to rest by a study in which octopamine was injected directly into the brain, achieving a concentration that was approximately 20,000 times those encountered in HE without producing encephalopathy in the animal (Zieve and Olsen 1977). Similarly, monoamine oxidase inhibition and imipramine therapy both lead to increases in brain octopamine yet fail to induce encephalopathy (Harmar and
Irrigation effects on European corn borer - maize water relations

This study examined the impact of irrigation water on certain aspects of an insect-plant relationship in the field including the assessment of plant-mediated water effects on an herbivore's development, survival, and behavior, and plant damage parameters and host tissue water status. Maize (Zea mays L.) plants were arranged in a randomized complete block design in the field over two years in North Carolina (NC). Four blocks were subjected to three different irrigation treatments initiated ca. one week before anthesis: optimal, intermediate, deficit water supply. Each plant was infested with one (1986) or two (1987) black head stage, E-race European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubn.)] (ECB) egg masses at tasselling. ECB development, tunnelling site, and survival as well as plant tissue water status (tissue % water contents [θ] & leaf water potentials [Ψ]) were recorded through July. The irrigation effect on ECB parameters was slight and variable. Internal stalk temperatures of optimal plants were consistently cooler than their deficit counterparts (1 day-degree/day). With degree-days included as an explanatory variable in the analyses, there were no significant irrigation effects on the ECB parameters, except for total proportion of ECB's bored into maize plant parts. More ECB's bored into drier plants than in optimal plants; however, this trend was not significant in 1987. Plant water indices showed that though responded to irrigation, there were only minor changes in tissue θ, particularly in view of the larger diurnal tissue changes observed and the relatively high, sustained stalk θ levels seen over all treatments. Examination of ECB pupal θ confirmed that dietary water changes were minor or non-limiting to the insects' developmental physiology, because pupal θ was not sensitive to the irrigation treatments. Though water supply changes have drastic developmental and agronomic consequences for the maize plant, little or no changes were seen in the ECB feeding environment. Furthermore, a plant damage model was developed whereby the total % of ECB's tunnelled into maize was related to the mean larval age. The implications of this model on the understanding of ECB tunnelling behavior, damage potential, and pest management is noted.
Protection of the human race against natural hazards (asteroids, comets, volcanoes, earthquakes)

Although we justifiably worry about the danger of nuclear war to civilization, and perhaps even to survival of the human race, we tend to consider natural hazards (e.g., comets, asteroids, volcanoes, earthquakes) as unavoidable acts of God. In any human lifetime, a truly catastrophic natural event is very unlikely, but ultimately one will occur. For the first time in human history we have sufficient technical skills to begin protection of Earth from some natural hazards. We could decide collectively throughout the world to reassign resources: in particular, reduction of nuclear and conventional weapons to a less dangerous level would allow concomitant increase of international programs for detection and prevention of natural hazards. Worldwide cooperation to mitigate natural hazards might help psychologically to lead us away from the divisive bickering that triggers wars. Future generations could hail us as pioneers of peace and safety rather than curse us as agents of death and destruction.
The Retrotracheal Triangle

The retrotracheal triangle is the posterior superior mediastinum. This may be the site of significant findings in greater than 1 percent of all chest radiographs. The anatomy of the space is reviewed and many of the interesting abnormalities occurring in this area are described. These include vascular abnormalities, esophageal lesions and a variety of masses representing tumors, cysts, sequelae to trauma, inflammatory processes and emphysema. Among those considered are the aberrant right subclavian artery, the right aortic arch, the double aortic arch, Zenker’s diverticulum, carcinoma of the esophagus, congenital atresia of the esophagus, foreign bodies and thyroid masses. Careful attention to this area should be rewarding to the observer.
Nonfunctional mutants of the retinoblastoma protein are characterized by defects in phosphorylation, viral oncoprotein association, and nuclear tethering

Abstract We have examined the functional consequences of mutations present in defective alleles of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) isolated from two spontaneously arising tumors. Unlike cDNA clones expressing the wild-type protein p110Rb, those encoding the two mutant proteins failed to induce the appearance of senescent cells in transfected Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells. The mutant proteins were also defective in binding to the E1A oncoprotein, were unable to become hyperphosphorylated, and failed to become tightly associated with nuclear structures. We conclude that mutations in two distinct regions of the protein concomitantly affect these four aspects of p110Rb function.
Glycaemic control improves perfusion recovery and VEGFR2 protein expression in diabetic mice following experimental PAD.

Aims Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with poor clinical outcomes in humans with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and in pre-clinical models of PAD, but the effects of glycaemic control are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of glycaemic control on experimental PAD in mice with Type 1 DM and explored the effects of hyperglycaemia on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression in ischaemia. Methods and results Hind limb ischaemia was induced in non-diabetic, untreated Type 1 DM, and treated Type 1 DM mice. We assessed perfusion recovery, capillary density, VEGFR2 levels, and VEGFR2 ubiquitination in ischaemic hind limbs. We found that untreated Type 1 DM mice showed impaired perfusion recovery, lower hind limb capillary density 5 weeks post-ischaemia, and lower VEGFR2 protein in Day 3 post-ischaemic hind limbs when compared with non-DM controls. Treated Type 1 DM mice had perfusion recovery, capillary density, and VEGFR2 protein levels comparable with that of non-diabetic mice at the same time points. Treatment with anti-VEGFR2 antibody negated that the improved perfusion recovery displayed by treated Type 1 DM mice. In ischaemic Type 1 DM hind limbs and endothelial cells exposed to simulated ischaemia, high glucose impaired VEGFR2 expression and was associated with increased VEGFR2 ubiquitination. Inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome complex restored normal endothelial VEGFR2 expression in simulated ischaemia. Conclusion Hyperglycaemia in Type 1 DM impairs VEGFR2 protein expression in ischaemic hind limbs, likely due to increased ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome complex. Glycaemic control allows normal levels of VEGFR2 in ischaemia and improved perfusion recovery.
Regulatory roles of p21 and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 in base excision repair

Many types of DNA damage induce a cellular response that inhibits replication but allows repair by up-regulating the p53 pathway and inducing p21Cip1, Waf1, Sdi1. The p21 regulatory protein can bind proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and prohibit DNA replication. We show here that p21 also inhibits PCNA stimulation of long patch base excision repair (BER) in vitro. p21 disrupts PCNA-directed stimulation of flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), DNA ligase I, and DNA polymerase δ. The dilemma is to understand how p21 prevents DNA replication but allows BER in vivo. Differential regulation by p21 is likely to relate to the utilization of DNA polymerase β, which is not sensitive to p21, in the repair pathway. We have also found that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) stimulates long patch BER. Furthermore, neither APE1 activity nor its ability to stimulate long patch BER is significantly affected by p21 in vitro. We propose that APE1 serves as an assembly and coordination factor for long patch BER proteins. APE1 initially cleaves the DNA and then facilitates the sequential binding and catalysis by DNA polymerase β, DNA polymerase δ, FEN1, and DNA ligase I. This model implies that BER can be regulated differentially, based upon the assembly of relevant proteins around APE1 in the presence or absence of PCNA.
Bactericidal Antibody in Genital Infection Due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae

An assay of bactericidial antibody has been developed to study the host response to infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This test for antibody was performed on the sera of women who were exposed to N. gonorrhoeae but who did not become infected, of patients with various types of genital infection with N. gonorrhoeae, and of a small number of individuals with no history of gonorrhea. Antibody was found in the sera of less than 31% of men and women with uncomplicated gonococcal infection. Prolonged mucosal infection with the gonococcus (greater than 33 days) correlated with the presence of bactericidal antibody. Bactericidal antibody was not detected in 95% of the specimens of acute-phase serum obtained from women with gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. The convalescent-phase sera of 70% of women with clinically severe pelvic inflammatory disease showed a rise in titer of bactericidal antibody to the infecting strain of N. gonorrhoeae, whereas only 11% of the convalescent-phase sera of women with mild or moderately severe disease showed a similar rise.
The habit-reversal technique in treating trichotillomania

Four clients with relatively mild cases of trichotillomania were treated with the habit-reversal technique developed by Azrin & Nunn (1973, 1977). In each case hair pulling was markedly reduced following a single treatment session and was eliminated within the following 3 weeks. Hair pulling remained at a zero level throughout 6- and 12-month follow-ups. These results extend the generality of the habit-reversal technique as an effective method for treating hair pulling.
Optimal inspection interval in a search model

Abstract This paper studies an aspect of search behavior, not previously discussed in the literature: A searcher may not continuously inspect the availability of jobs but may do it at a certain interval if inspection is costly.
THE ASSAY OF ADRENAL CORTICAL MATERIAL BY MEANS OF A GLYCOGEN TEST IN THE ADRENALECTOMIZED MOUSE

THIS REPORT deals with an analysis of a method for assay of adrenal cortical material based on the deposition of glycogen in the liver of the fasting adrenalectomized mouse. The method was kindly communicated to us by Dr. K. Dobriner of the Memorial Hospital and was carried out almost exactly as originally described. Reinecke and Kendall (1942) reported the use of glycogen deposition in the liver of the adrenalectomized rat as a method for the assay of adrenal cortical material. Although this method has many real advantages, as shown by these workers and later by Olson et al. (1944, 1944a), there still remained a need for a reproducible method sensitive enough for the assay of urinary cortin excretion under various conditions of health and disease. The method to be described and originally suggested by the Memorial Hospital group appears to satisfy such needs within certain limitations as shall be described in this communication.
Chromium and Genomic Stability

Many metals serve as micronutrients which protect against genomic instability. Chromium is most abundant in its trivalent and hexavalent forms. Trivalent chromium has historically been considered an essential element, though recent data indicate that while it can have pharmacological effects and value, it is not essential. There is no data indicating that trivalent chromium promotes genomic stability and, instead may promote genomic instability. Hexavalent chromium is widely accepted as highly toxic and carcinogenic with no nutritional value. Recent data indicate that it causes genomic instability and also has no role in promoting genomic stability.
Nonlinear vibrations in three-dimensional linkages

Abstract A general method for determining the nonlinear vibration of 3-D linkages with geometric and material nonlinearities is presented. The general position of a beam element is initially obtained assuming very large deformations. Then, applying four levels of approximation, a workable nonlinear formulation is developed. Also, the strain-displacement relations are presented in the same levels of approximations. Material nonlinearity of the Romberg-Osgood type is used. A finite harmonic series and an iterative technique are employed to solve the system of nonlinear equations to obtain a steady state solution. The iterative procedure involves first solving the quasi-static equations, which in itself must be done iteratively. Then these results are substituted back into the general equations and successive iterations are carried out to obtain the nonlinear results. The method is applied to different examples and the results are compared with those of other experimental and numerical research.
Androgen and estrogen receptors in embryonic and neonatal rat brain.

Abstract We provide biochemical evidence that specific androgen- and estrogen-binding macromolecules are present in rat hypothalamus—preoptic area throughout the ‘critical period’ of brain sexual differentiation. Macromolecules with the properties of putative androgen and estrogen receptors are present in cytosolic extracts of embryonic neonatal, and prepubertal rat hypothalamus—preoptic area and other brain regions. Both the androgen and estrogen receptors in perinatal rat brain are qualitatively similar to those in adult brain by virtue of their high affinity and limited capacity for hormone, specificity of hormone-binding, ability to adhere to DNA, differential behavior during DNA-cellulose affinity chromatography, behavior during velocity sedimentation, and tissue specificity. As early as 7 days before birth, both androgen and estrogen receptors are detectable in hypothalamus—preoptic area and other brain regions. Both receptors are more abundant in the hypothalamus—preoptic area relative to other regions. The concentrations of both receptors in hypothalamus—preoptic area increase as a function of age, although the relative rate of appearance of each receptor is distinctive: estrogen receptor concentrations increase approximately 6-fold during the last week of gestation, approximating adult-like levels at birth; androgen receptor concentrations increase slightly during late gestation, gradually rising to adult-like levels a few weeks after birth. The ontogeny profiles of both receptors from rat hypothalamus—preoptic area are compared with those from mouse. The presence of sex hormone receptors in perinatal rodent brain is discussed in the context of the hormonal milieu of perinatal rodent brain, and its effects on sexual differentiation of neural organization. The coincident appearance of receptors and post-mitotic neurons in prenatal rodent brain may indicate that sex hormones effect the early differentiation of these neurons.
Environmental determinants of obesity‐associated morbidity risks for truckers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the transportation environment triggers, exacerbates and sustains truckers’ risks for obesity and associated morbidities. Design/methodology/approach – An extensive literature review of PubMed Central and TRANSPORT databases was conducted on truckers’ obesity risks and 120 journal articles were identified for closer evaluation. From these, populations, exposures, and relevant outcomes were evaluated within the framework of the broad transportation environment. Findings – Connections between the transportation environment and truckers’ risks for obesity-associated comorbidities were delineated, and an original conceptual framework was developed to illustrate links between the two. This framework addresses links not only between the transportation environment and trucker obesity risks but also with other health strains – applicable to other transport occupational segments. Moreover, it provides direction for preliminary environmental-scale interventions to curb trucker obesity. The utilization of this framework further underscores the need for: an appraisal of the health parameters of trucking worksites; assessment of truckers’ obesity-risk trajectories, and examination of potential causality between the transportation environment, inactivity and diet-related morbidities; and the development, implementation and evaluation of interventions to mitigate trucker obesity. While there is a geographic emphasis on North America, data and assertions of this paper are applicable to trucking sectors of many industrialized nations. Originality/value – The paper brings to light the influences of the transportation environment on trucker obesity-associated morbidity risks.
A benchmark study of the PR news wire

Abstract This benchmark study on the PR News Wire analyzes 129 national releases from one-day's transmission and traces their publication through nine major newspapers. It utilizes chi-squares to examine differences in relationships between publication and the following variables: sources, type, subject matter, and news elements. Only subject matter was significantly related to use (X 2 (16,N= 129) =27.08, p =.041). Some subject matter were more related to publication than other subject matter. Financial disclosure was the most used subject matter. There was also a significant difference among the newspapers by use (F(3,122,N=129)=122.86, p The Wall Street Journal used information from 17 releases. The newspaper with the second highest usage, The New York Times , used information from four releases.
Cross-Sectional Echocardiographic Observations on the Mechanism of Preservation of the Opening Snap in Calcific Mitral Stenosis

Cross-sectional echocardiography (CSE) was performed on 19 patients with mitral stenosis (MS). Nine patients (group 1) had little or no mitral valve (MV) calcification; ten patients (group 2) had heavy MV calcification. An opening snap was present in each of the patients in group 1. Of the group 2 patients, five (group 2A) had an opening snap and five (group 2B) did not CSE in the long axis revealed in group 1 patients a mobile MV with sharp anterior arching of the anterior leaflet in early diastole; in group 2A, dense echoes suggestive of calcification were noted near the tip of the MV, while the body of the leaflet was relatively thin and it arched anteriorly sharply in early diastole; and in group 2B, dense echoes were noted at the tip and body of the MV with reduction in mobility of the valve, and the sharp anterior arching of the anterior leaflet in early diastole was absent Preservation of the OS in calcific MS depends on the distribution of calcification. Heavy calcification confined to the tip of the MV allows the anterior leaflet to arch anteriorly in early diastole, allowing preservation of the OS, whereas heavy calcification of the tip and body of the MV reduces the pliability of the valve with consequent disappearance of the OS.
Laboratory studies of the impact of aerosol composition on the heterogeneous oxidation of 1-propanol

Abstract The effects of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NaCl, NH 4 Cl, and Na 2 SO 4 aerosols on the kinetics of 1-propanol oxidation in the presence of the hydroxyl radical have been investigated using the relative rate technique. p -Xylene was used as a reference compound. Two different aerosol concentrations that are typical of polluted urban conditions were tested. The total surface areas of aerosols were 1400 (condition I) and 3400 μm 2 cm −3 (condition II). Results indicate that aerosols promote the oxidation of 1-propanol, and the extents of the promoting effects depend on the aerosol composition and concentration. Increases in the relative rates of the 1-propanol/ OH reaction vs. the p -xylene/ OH reaction were only observed for (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 aerosol conditions I and II, NH 4 NO 3 aerosol condition II, and NH 4 Cl aerosol condition II. These results indicate that NH 4 + is the species promoting the oxidation of 1-propanol, and suggests the possibility of a strong interaction between NH 4 + and 1-propanol that can change the activation energy of the initial OH attack. These results have profound implications on the use of air quality models for the assessment of air pollution control strategies.
Molecular and applied modulation effects in electron-electron double resonance. VII. Modulation frequency effects for the ĊH2COO− radical in irradiated zinc acetate☆

Abstract Frequency-swept absorption ELDOR signals for the Ċ H2COO− radical in zinc acetate depend upon Zeeman modulation frequency, the signals going from a positive to a negative sense as the Zeeman modulation frequency is varied from 100 to 1 kHz. A mathematical formulation derived explicitly considering applied electromagnetic radiation and Zeeman modulation fields is employed to computer-simulate the experimentally observed effects.
Living at risk: The sibling's perspective of early-onset alzheimer's disease

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) is an increasingly diagnosed condition and is associated with genetic risk factors. This is one of the first studies exploring the lived experience of siblings of individuals with EOAD. We used structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to assess a broad range of siblings' experiences with and beliefs about EOAD, including knowledge, perceptions of personal risk, level of worry, and effects on life decisions. Participants (n = 24) were predominantly female (62.5%) and middle-aged (mean = 56.8 years; range 37-83). When asked about risk factors, genetics was cited most frequently (62.5%). Several potential means of reducing AD risk were endorsed, with 54% reporting engagement in behaviors for this purpose (e.g., keeping mentally active). Participants ranged widely in their perceived personal risk of AD (range: 0-100; mean = 35.6%), with higher perceived risk associated with worry about AD (p < 0.01). Understanding siblings' experiences with EOAD can inform how genetic counselors and healthcare professionals work with this population to facilitate risk communication and decision-making about testing and healthcare.
Spectroscopic Studies of Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane in Carbon Cryogel

Ammonia borane (AB) is of great interest for storing hydrogen, an important issue in the growing field of hydrogen technology. The reaction pathways leading to the thermal decomposition of solid-state AB incorporated in carbon cryogels (CC) have been studied by spectroscopic methods. The time-dependent thermal decomposition was followed by in situ 11B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and showed a significant increase in hydrogen release kinetics for AB in CC compared to neat AB. Both 11B NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show a new reaction product, formed in the thermal decomposition of AB in CC scaffold (CC-AB) that is assigned to reactions with surface oxygen groups. The results indicate that incorporation of AB in CC enhances kinetics because of the reactions with residual surface-bound oxygen functional groups. The formation of new products with surface -O-B bonds is consistent with the greater reaction exothermicity observed when hydrogen is released from CC-AB materials. Scanning electron microscopy shows different morphology of AB in CC-AB nanocomposite as compared to neat AB.
RecA-Mediated, Targeted Mutagenesis in Zebrafish

We have evaluated the efficacy of RecA, a prokaryotic protein involved with homologous recombination, to direct site-specific mutagenesis in zebrafish embryos. For this we coinjected a vector containing a mutated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene plus 236-nucleotide corrective single-stranded DNAs coated with RecA into 1-cell zebrafish embryos. Twenty-hours after fertilization, about 5% to 20% of injected embryos showed EGFP expression in 1 or more cells when RecA-coated corrective DNAs were used, but not when RecA was omitted. Mutated EGFP genes with 1-bp insertions or deletions were inefficiently activated, whereas those with 7-bp insertions were activated about 4-fold more efficiently. RecA-coated template strand had a higher efficiency than its complementary strand in activation of EGFP expression. Prior irradiation of the embryos with UV light enhanced RecA-mediated restoration of gene activity, suggesting that the effects we observed were augmented by one or more factors of zebrafish DNA repair systems.
Crystal structure of the highly distorted chimeric decamer r(C)d(CGGCGCCG)r(G).spermine complex — spermine binding to phosphate only and minor groove tertiary base-pairing

The crystal structure of the self-complementary chimeric decamer duplex r(C)d(CGGCGCCG)r(G), with RNA base pairs at both termini, has been solved at 1.9 A resolution by the molecular replacement method and refined to an R value of 0.145 for 2,314 reflections. The C3'-endo sugar puckers of the terminal riboses apparently drive the entire chimeric duplex into an A-DNA conformation, in contrast to the B-DNA conformation adopted by the all-deoxy decamer of the same sequence. Five symmetry related duplexes encapsulate a spermine molecule which interacts with ten phosphate groups, both directly and through water molecules to form multiple ionic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The spermine interaction severely bends the duplexes by 31 degrees into the major groove at the fourth base pair G(4).C(17), jolts it and slides the 'base plate' into the minor groove. This base pair, together with the adjacent base pair in the top half and the corresponding pseudo two-fold related base pairs in the bottom half, form four minor groove base-paired multiples with the terminal base pairs of two neighboring duplexes.