cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
State Autonomy and the Crisis of Import Substitution

Import Substituting Industrialization (ISI) strategies that were instituted with great expectations in Latin America and elsewhere have not produced the desired results. Instead, ISI has been blamed for giving rise to inefficient economic structures and even for the emergence of Bureaucratic Authoritarian States. This article argues that the problems generally attributed to ISI are, in fact, due to a lack of state autonomy. What causes the loss of autonomy is the emergence of powerful and fiercely competing private sector interests intent on maximizing their share of “economic rents.” The resulting private sector-state dynamic hampers the formulation of long-term policies. The operation of this dynamic is demonstrated through a case study of Turkey in the 1970s, where the state, paralyzed by private sector competition, just witnessed the collapse of its political economy.
The effects of alpha-methyldopa on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats: ultrastructural, stereological, and morphometric analysis.

This study examined the role of α-methyldopa on the myocardial cell (cardiocyte) and its microvascular bed. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were administered the drug commencing at 4 weeks of age. Tissue specimens from perfused-fixed hearts of 16 week-old rats were studied by electron microscopy and data obtained using stereological and morphometric methods. In both the subendocardium and subepicardium of SHR cardiocytes were hypertrophic and a significant drop in capillary density was evident. In spite of the failure of α-methyldopa (in the protocol used in this study) to significantly reduce blood pressure in SHR, heart weight values of the drug-treated rats (T-SHR) were in the high normal range. Cardiocytes comprising the subepicardium were similar in size to those of normotensive animals, while those comprising the subendocardium were mildly hypertrophic. While hypertrophy in the SHR was associated with a decrease in the cellular fraction of mitochondrial volume and a decrease in the volume ratio: mitochondria/myofibrils, in T-SHR these parameters were normal even in cells from the mildly hypertrophic sub- endocardial region. Enhanced folding of the intercalated disc, though variable, was found to be most common in both the subepicardium and subendocardium of T-SHR. These data suggest that α-methyldopa may prevent or modify hypertrophy without significantly altering blood pressure. While certain cellular parameters, ie, fractional volumes of mitochondria and myofibrils, may be normalised by this intervention, enhanced folding of the intercalated disc is accentuated.
The relative importance of the X‐linked FCP locus and β‐globin haplotypes in determining haemoglobin F levels: a study of SS patients homozygous for βS haplotypes

Five factors have been hypothesized to influence the 20-fold variation in fetal haemoglobin (Hb F) levels in sickle cell anaemia (SS): age sex, alpha-globin gene number, beta-globin haplotype, and the X-linked F-cell production locus (FCP) that regulates the production of Hb F containing erythrocytes (F cells). We analysed the association of these factors with Hb F levels in 112 SS patients living in France who are homozygous for the three common African beta-globin haplotypes (Benin, Bantu or Central African Republic and Senegal). We found that: (1) FCP accounts for about 40% of the overall variation in Hb F levels, (2) when the FCP influence is removed, beta-globin haplotype is associated with 14% of the remaining Hb F variation, and (3) the other factors have little influence. Comparison with our previous study of SS individuals in Jamaica leads to the following conclusions: (1) the X-linked FCP locus is a major determinant of Hb F levels in SS disease, (2) factors linked to the beta-globin haplotype have only a small effect on the variation in Hb F levels, in either the homozygous or heterozygous state, and (3)approximately half of the variation in Hb F levels still remains to be explained.
Factors that contribute to child maltreatment severity: a multi-method and multidimensional investigation.

Abstract Objectives: This study used data gathered during evaluations conducted by the Comprehensive Assessment and Training Services (CATS) Project to determine the relative contribution of four primary domains (demographic, adult characteristics, child characteristics, relational characteristics) to variation in the severity of child maltreatment, and to facilitate the development of empirically-based risk assessment tools. Methods: A multidimensional, multi-method approach to data collection was used to assess 208 maltreating parents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed by entering each domain of variables into the regression equation in four consecutive blocks. Results: The results of this study suggest that maltreatment severity varies as a function of the level of trauma recovery, substance misuse, a child's externalizing behavior, and qualitative features of the parent-child relationship, as well as the level of family stress. Relationship variables added to the amount of variance accounted for in the overall model, beyond demographic, adult, and child variables. Conclusions: The findings of this study call attention to the importance of developing a multidimensional assessment model of the factors leading to child maltreatment severity and to broadening the parameters of assessment models used in child maltreatment research. The role that each of the contributing factors plays in the interference of effective parenting is also discussed.
Thoracic Endografting Reduces Morbidity and Remodels the Thoracic Aorta in DeBakey III Aneurysms

Background The efficacy of endovascular treatment of aneurysms secondary to chronic DeBakey type III aortic dissection (CD3) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes from open and endovascular treatment of CD3 aneurysms, and to determine the efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in remodeling the chronically dissected thoracoabdominal aorta. Methods From 2005 to 2012, 58 patients underwent open aortic replacement (open) and 31 patients underwent endovascular therapy (TEVAR) for the treatment of CD3 aneurysms. The TEVAR patients were divided into CD3a (n = 12) or CD3b (n = 19) subgroups based upon the DeBakey classification of aortic dissection. Total aortic, true and false lumen diameters were measured at different anatomic locations. True lumen and false lumen indices were calculated to evaluate the impact of TEVAR on remodeling. Results In the open group, operative mortality was 10.3% and the incidence of pulmonary failure, renal failure, and paraplegia was 13.8%, 10.3%, and 12.1%, respectively. There were no operative mortalities in TEVAR patients, and no cases of pulmonary failure, renal failure, or paraplegia. Endovascular therapy stabilized aneurysm size and remodeled the thoracic aorta in 87% of patients. The TEVAR significantly expanded the true lumen and reduced the false lumen within the stent graft in CD3a and CD3b patients ( p Conclusions In these early results, TEVAR reduces operative morbidity and mortality compared with open aortic replacement in the treatment of CD3 aneurysms. The TEVAR is effective in remodeling the chronically dissected thoracic aorta. Abdominal false lumen patency is maintained in patients with thoracoabdominal dissection-related aneurysms.
Mesozooplankton of the lower San Francisco estuary: spatio-temporal patterns, ENSO effects and the prevalence of non-indigenous species.

The San Francisco Estuary (SFE) is a large, highly dynamic and ecologically important estuary on the west coast of the USA. We collected zooplankton and hydrographic data over a 3-year period (1997–1999) at six stations spanning the lower SFE to investigate long-term changes through comparison with a 1980– 1981 survey of the area, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects and the prevalence of non-indigenous species. Spatio-temporal patterns in the zooplankton were primarily regulated by seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations in marine and riverine forcings. Non-metric multidimensional scaling accounted for 82.7% of the variation in zooplankton composition. The strongest correlates of the three axes were salinity (r 1⁄4 0.692), distance to marine influence and temperature (r 1⁄4 0.492 and 0.309, respectively) and a lagged multivariate ENSO index (r 1⁄4 0.299). Five zooplankton communities were identified, which showed predictable spatiotemporal progressions through the lower estuary. Inter-annual differences between El Nino and La Nina periods were substantial and appeared to be related to variable strengths of riverine and oceanic forcing. Between 1980–1981 and 1997– 1999, a dramatic change occurred in the zooplankton of the lower SFE, such that dominance has shifted from native calanoid copepods to non-indigenous (Asian) cyclopoids. These changes in the zooplankton are expected to have significant but as yet unknown impacts on higher tropic levels and food web dynamics in the lower SFE.
Hungry earth and vengeful stars: soul loss and identity in the Peruvian Andes.

Abstract This article contributes to the cross-cultural literature on fright sickness and soul loss with an analysis of cases among Quechua indians ( runa ) in a rural community in the southern Peruvian Andes. One of the aims of this article is to incorporate an emic understanding of the intersection of the cosmological and social landscapes into discussions of Quechua conceptions of health and illness. It outlines Quechua constructions of body, self, and cosmos that are relevant to explaining the concepts of soul/spirit, interior/exterior, and runa /non runa that are related to soul loss. The illness suffered by victims of fright sickness embodies the Quechua construction of self and is linked not only to broader sociopolitical realities of Peru but also to cosmological beliefs. The diagnosis of spirit loss and fright in this cultural context reveals a crisis of identity: sufferers represent non runa , or nonhumans. They succumb to fright or soul loss because of an emic concept of vulnerability that transcends the characteristics of gender and age usually associated with soul loss cross-culturally. Treatments, therefore, involve a reaffirmation of ethnic identity and a reintegration of patients into their families in terms of a culturally specific understanding of identity, community, and cosmos.
Performance of sliding-window ATM switch architecture for broadband communications

In this paper, we briefly present a comparative evaluation of our sliding-window ATM switching architecture to show its performance superiority over other two existing classes of ATM switching architectures namely, the multistage interconnection network based ATM switch architecture and the growable ATM switch architecture. It's efficient memory management and memory control allows for maximum possible throughput with lowest possible cell-loss rate for a given memory space. The class of sliding-window ATM switch architectures provide a new approach to high performance ATM switching for broadband communications.
CMC and Face-to-face Communication in L2 Learning

Bhatia and Richie (2009), in their book chapter, compare computer-mediated communication (CMC) and face-to-face communication by analyzing how learners behave when they learn a language in these two modes. Studies on face-to-face communication (e.g., VanPatten, 1990) reveal that learners have a tendency to process meaning before form because human interaction is conducted in real time. Speakers have to attend to the form (i.e., the oral output) and the meaning of the verbal production simultaneously. Previous studies on working memory (Li, 1999; Maehara and Saito, 2007) reveal that there is a trade-off between the maintenance and processing of information, as both involve working memory. VanPatten (2004), in particular, pinpoints that processing second language (L2) input involves making form-meaning connections in real-time comprehension, an online task that takes place in the working memory. As such, L2 learners have less memory space to store new information in face-to-face communication, given that the working memory is used for processing input. In contrast, CMC is said to provide more opportunities for focus on form.
Automatic Generation of Personalized Annotation Tags for Twitter Users

This paper introduces a system designed for automatically generating personalized annotation tags to label Twitter user's interests and concerns. We applied TFIDF ranking and TextRank to extract keywords from Twitter messages to tag the user. The user tagging precision we obtained is comparable to the precision of keyword extraction from web pages for content-targeted advertising.
Controlling change propagation and project policies in IC design

Today's large IC designs involve highly partitioned, highly coupled and voluminous design data evolving over time. Tracking design state is becoming an essential component of design tracking systems. In this paper we present the project BluePrint, a design data flow management tool which is an extension to the DAMOCLES tracking system. The project BluePrint is event driven. It defines project data dependencies and controls change propagation. The BluePrint allows the separation of project specific information from tool activities facilitating tool integration. The project BluePrint follows the non-obstructive approach championed by the DAMOCLES tracking system. >
Using Rational Suicide as an Intervention to Prevent Irrational Suicide

This paper sets forth the idea that using the concept of, and criteria for, rational suicide can be a clinically useful intervention even with people who may be irrational in their suicidality. Case examples are used to illustrate ways in which reviewing the criteria may help move a person away from an impulsive decision to suicide.
Examining risk of escalation: A critical review of the exhibitionistic behavior literature

Abstract While forensic mental health professionals frequently are asked to assess the risk that exhibitionistic offenders will increase the severity of their sexual offending, disparate perspectives exist reflecting the perceived dangerousness of those who engage in exhibitionistic behavior. The present paper critically reviews the literature regarding the reported link between male exhibitionistic behavior and contact sexual offending in 12 peer-reviewed, English-language studies published since 1981. A history of exhibitionistic behavior was prevalent in a minority of perpetrators of various contact sexual offenses. Over an average follow-up period of greater than five years, an estimated 5–10% of exhibitionistic perpetrators were found to escalate to contact sexual offending, while approximately 25% recidivated with a subsequent exhibitionistic offense. The most supported risk factor for escalation was a general clustering of antisocial behavior, including a history of sexual and nonsexual convictions. Common methodological limitations of the research and recommendations for improved validity are provided, along with suggestions for future research directions.
Application-Specific Accelerators for Communications

For computation-intensive digital signal processing algorithms, complexity is exceeding the processing capabilities of general-purpose digital signal processors (DSPs). In some of these applications, DSP hardware accelerators have been widely used to off-load a variety of algorithms from the main DSP host, including FFT, FIR/IIR filters, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detectors, and error correction codes (Viterbi, Turbo, LDPC) decoders. Given power and cost considerations, simply implementing these computationally complex parallel algorithms with high-speed general-purpose DSP processor is not very efficient. However, not all DSP algorithms are appropriate for off-loading to a hardware accelerator. First, these algorithms should have data-parallel computations and repeated operations that are amenable to hardware implementation. Second, these algorithms should have a deterministic dataflow graph that maps to parallel datapaths. The accelerators that we consider are mostly coarse grain to better deal with streaming data transfer for achieving both high performance and low power. In this chapter, we focus on some of the basic and advanced digital signal processing algorithms for communications and cover major examples of DSP accelerators for communications.
Programs are abstract data types

We propose to view programs as abstract data types and to perform program changes by applying well-defined operations on programs. The ADT view of programs goes beyond the approach of syntax-directed editors and proof-editors since it is possible to combine basic update operations into larger update programs that can be stored and reused. It is crucial for the design of update operations and their composition to know which properties they can preserve when they are applied to a program. The author argues in favor of the abstract data type view of programs, and presents a general framework in which different programming languages, update languages, and properties can be studied.
Small area mapping of prostate cancer incidence in New York State (USA) using fully Bayesian hierarchical modelling

As part of a long-term initiative to improve cancer surveillance in New York State, small area maps of relative risk, expressed as standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), were produced for the most common cancers. This includes prostate cancer, the focus of this paper, since it is the most common non-dermatologic malignancy diagnosed among men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths for men in the United States. ZIP codes were chosen as mapping units for several reasons, including the need to balance between protecting personal privacy and public demand for fine geographic resolution. Since the population size varies greatly among such small mapping units, hierarchical Bayes spatial modelling was applied in this paper to produce a map of smoothed SIRs. It is further demonstrated how other characteristics of the large sample from the stationary posterior distribution of SIRs can be mapped to investigate various aspects of the statewide spatial pattern of prostate cancer incidence. Thematic mapping of the median and 95 percentile range of SIRs provided, respectively, a map of spatially smoothed values and the uncertainty associated with these smoothed values. Maps were also produced to identify ZIP codes expressing a 95% probability, in the Bayesian paradigm, of being less than or greater than the null value of 1. The model behaved as expected since areas that were statistically elevated coincided with areas identified by the spatial scan statistic, plus the relative uncertainty increased as a ZIP code's population decreased, with an exaggerated effect for low population ZIP codes on the edge of the state border. The overall smoothed pattern, along with identified high and low areas, may reflect difference across the state with respect to socio-demographics and risk factors; however, this is confounded by potential differences in screening and diagnostic follow-up. Nevertheless, the Bayes modelling approach is shown to provide not only smoothed results, but also considerable other information from a large empirical distribution of outcomes associated with each mapping unit.
The relationship among personality variables, exposure to traumatic events, and severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms

In examining predictors of posttraumatic stress, researchers have focused on trauma intensity and devoted less attention to other variables. This study examined how personality and demographic variables are related to the likelihood of experiencing a trauma, and to the severity of posttraumatic symptoms in a sample of 402 college students reporting a wide range of trauma. Elevations in antisocial and borderline traits were significant predictors of retraumatization, accounting for 12% of the variance. Personality variables and trauma intensity were significant predictors of PTSD severity, accounting for 43% of the variance. Neuroticism interacted with trauma intensity in predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) severity. Among persons low in Neuroticism, there was a modest trauma intensity–PTSD relationship, whereas among persons high in neuroticism there was a strong relationship.
Abstract A20: DARPP-32-mediated EGFR protein stability leads to gefitinib resistance in gastric cancer

Background: Gastric cancer is an aggressive tumor that is often resistant to chemotherapeutics. The 17q amplicon genes, including dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein MW 32 kDa (DARPP-32), are overexpressed in two-thirds of gastric adenocarcinomas and may induce chemotherapy resistance via abrogation of apoptosis. EGFR plays an important role in tumor growth and activation of the PI3K pathway. Gefitinib (Iressa) is a specific and effective EGFR inhibitor that has shown antitumor activity in clinical trials against several gastrointestinal cancers, including gastric cancers. However, molecular mechanisms that mediate resistance to gefitinib remain poorly understood. Methods and Results: The expression of DARPP-32 in the multistep carcinogenesis cascade was examined using IHC analysis on 533 samples. The composite expression score, calculated from immunostaining patterns, progressively increased significantly from normal or gastritis to metaplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma (p Conclusion: Our results suggest that DARPP-32 overexpression may participate in the transition to intestinal metaplasia and progression to neoplasia. The in vitro studies indicate that DARPP-32 plays a role in increasing the stability of EGFR protein by delaying gefitinib-induced EGFR degradation; maintaining EGFR-ERBB3 heterodimerization promotes phosphorylation of ERBB3, which regulates the PI3K/Akt pathway. DARPP-32 may have potential as a predictive biomarker in gastric cancer prognosis and clinical response to treatment.
Observations of the Cross-Lake Cloud and Snow Evolution in a Lake-Effect Snow Event

AbstractWhile the total snowfall produced in lake-effect storms can be considerable, little is known about how clouds and snow evolve within lake-effect boundary layers. Data collected over Lake Michigan on 10 January 1998 during the Lake-Induced Convection Experiment (Lake-ICE) are analyzed to better understand and quantify the evolution of clouds and snow. On this date, relatively cold air flowed from west to east across Lake Michigan, creating a quasi-steady-state boundary layer that increased from ≈675 to ≈910 m in depth over a distance of 80 km. Once a cloud deck formed 14–18 km from the upwind shoreline, maximum cloud particle concentrations and liquid water content increased from west to east across the lake. Correspondingly, maximum ice water contents, snowfall rates, and maximum snow particle diameters also increased across the lake. Maximum particle concentrations were found below the mean top of the boundary layer and above the cloud base for both cloud and snow particles.Surprisingly, snow par...
Development of a prenatal weight gain intervention program using social marketing methods

Abstract Prenatal weight gain is a major factor associated with infant birth weight and health, and its optimization may reduce the incidence of low birth weight infants in women at risk. This paper describes the results of a social marketing plan for developing a prenatal weight gain intervention program intended to improve the birth weights of infants born to a group of low-income women in Minnesota. The rationale for the use of social marketing methods in the design of nutrition interventions and the results of the social marketing process undertaken are presented. Based on an analysis of the target audience, it was concluded that the weight-gain intervention program developed should: 1) utilize women who have had children to present diet and weight gain information; 2) include the pregnant women's mothers, boyfriends or spouses; 3) direct dietary and weight gain messages toward the goal of having a healthy baby; 4) address concerns about weight gain during pregnancy and weight loss later on; 5) acknowledge and address the emotional needs and feelings of pregnant women; 6) utilize concise, visually appealing, helpful, user-friendly, and entertaining materials; 7) enable women to decide upon the specific changes in food intake they will make; 8) provide attractive and practical options for achieving desired behavioral changes; and 9) address common myths related to diet, weight gain, and pregnancy.
Mechanical Twinning in Duplex Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr at 1038K

As a part of an ongoing study of creep deformation mechanisms, mechanical twinning behavior was investigated in the lamellar region of a creep specimen. A multi-stress jump creep test was performed and the microstructures before and after deformation were investigated using optical and transmission electron microscopy. The identification of mechanical twins in a lamellar microstructure is discussed. Extensive mechanical twinning was observed in lamellar regions, in addition to slip and subgrain formation. The occurrence of mechanical twinning depended on the lamellar orientation with respect to the tensile axis. The mechanical twins are analyzed and discussed in terms of possible crystallographic twinning systems. In this case, a maximum resolved shear stress criterion for mechanical twinning is proposed to account for the observed orientations.
A New Parallel Sorting Algorithm based on Odd-Even Mergesort

This paper describes a new parallel sorting algorithm, derived from the odd-even mergesort algorithm, named "partition and concurrent merging" (PCM). The proposed algorithm is based on a divide-and-conquer strategy. First, the data sequence to be sorted is decomposed in several pieces that are sorted in parallel using Quicksort. After that, all pieces are merged using a recursive procedure to obtain the final sorted sequence. In each iteration of this procedure pairs of sequence pieces are selected and sorted concurrently. The paper analyzes the computational complexity of the new algorithm and compares it with that of other well-known parallel sorting algorithms. We implemented the PCM algorithm on a SGI Origin2000 multiprocessor using OpenMP, sorting different benchmark sets of data sequences. Experimental results are compared with those of the Quicksort sequential algorithm and parallel implementations of other sorting algorithms, obtaining that our proposal outperforms the other solutions
Divider Circuit Verification with Model Checking and Theorem Proving

Most industrial-size hardware verification problems are amenable to neither fully automated nor fully manual hardware verification methods. However, combinations of these two extremes, human-constructed proofs with automatically verified lower-level steps, seem to offer great promise. In this paper we discuss a formal verification case study based on such a combination of theorem-proving and model-checking techniques. The case study addresses the correctness of a floating-point divider unit of an Intel IA-32 microprocessor. The verification was carried out in the Forte framework, which consists of a general-purpose theorem-prover, ThmTac, on top of a symbolic trajectory evaluation based model-checking engine. The correctness of the circuit was formulated and decomposed to smaller, automatically model-checkable, statements in a pre/postcondition framework. The other key steps of the proof involved relating bit vectors to integer arithmetic and general arithmetic reasoning.
Leveled entity relationship model

Layering ER diagrams has been a key tool to abstract the complexity of large data schemas generated by enterprise modeling. However, the current approaches have a certain impedance between successive steps of refining (or abstracting) ER diagrams. First, most approaches do not have a well-defined correspondence between an entity at a higher level and the entity cluster at a lower level. Second, a relationship to a subentity from an entity in a higher plane is modeled using a relationship which breaks the encapsulation of the entity which contains the subentity. Clearly, it would be nice to have non-encroaching relationships to model such situations. Finally, a refinement (abstraction) step adds (deletes) encroaching relationships and thus cascades changes to the schema beyond the current entity being refined (entity cluster being abstracted).
Native predator chemical cues induce anti-predation behaviors in an invasive marine bivalve

The ability of non-native prey to detect native predators and respond with effective anti-predation behaviors may be an important factor mediating invasion success and biotic resistance. However, our current understanding of how native predator cues influence invasive prey is greatly limited. In estuaries and coastal seas—among the most heavily invaded ecosystems—olfaction of chemical cues is a primary mechanism by which sessile and sedentary organisms evaluate predation risk. We tested the hypothesis that chemical cues from a suite of predators native to southern California, USA, estuaries induce anti-predation behaviors in an invasive bivalve, the Asian nest mussel Arcuatula senhousia. In a laboratory experiment, we manipulated chemical cues from injured conspecifics and a functionally and taxonomically diverse group of native predators that may represent important agents of biotic resistance. We then measured several potential anti-predation behaviors that may be key to Arcuatula survival due to its modest structural defenses. As predicted, Arcuatula changed behaviors in response to cues from predators and injured conspecifics. Interestingly, however, Arcuatula was able to discriminate among cues from different native predators: mussels fed less when exposed to cues from snails and stingrays, burrowed deeper in the presence of cues from injured conspecifics and lobsters, and increased aggregation in response to snail cues. Our findings demonstrate that native predators can induce potentially-defensive behavioral changes in an invasive marine bivalve. The ability for Arcuatula to detect and selectively respond to novel predators may play a role in their invasion success in southern California and other regions globally.
Sewer Ventilation: Factors Affecting Airflow and Modeling Approaches

Sewer ventilation modeling and analysis is typically performed as part of an odour study. Sewer system hydraulic models can be expected to produce reasonably a…
Approaching a cure for type 1 diabetes.

A study has demonstrated that transplanting human embryonic stem cell–derived, insulin-producing cells shielded in capsules made with an optimized biomaterial can achieve long-term cure of diabetes in mice without the need for any immunosuppression.
Fundamentals of The Shs Joining Process

The process of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis offers potential for joining similar or dissimilar combinations of heat-resisting or refractory metals and refractory or corrosion resistant oxide or nonoxide ceramics or intermetallics by using the exothermy inherent in the synthesis reaction. The process offers unique capability for producing functionally gradient material joints between dissimilar materials to overcome mismatches in chemical, mechanical and physical properties, facility for incorporating reinforcing phases in the filler, and exceptional efficiency given that the energy for joining is largely internally generated. A systematic study of the fundamentals of the process critical for joining in either a primary or a secondary mode is being undertaken. Specialized fixtures are being employed to study the role of substrate temperature in bond formation and strength, and the role of precompaction density and applied pressure on joint density. A Gleeble thermomechanical simulator is being used to study the role of reactant composition, reactant particle size, heating rate and reaction mode, precompaction and applied pressure, and atmosphere. Ultimately, a model of the SHS process for joining will be developed to facilitate joint design, predict joint properties, and enable intelligent control.
Restricted Feeding Regimes and Subsequent Reproductive Performance in Cage and Floor Housed Turkey Hens

Abstract One hundred turkey hens in floor pens and 108 turkey hens in cages were used to compare four feeding regimes: (1) full-fed during rearing and laying; (2) full-fed during rearing and restricted during laying; (3) restricted during rearing and full-fed during laying; and (4) restricted during rearing and laying. The restricted hens were fed 80% of the feed consumed by the full-fed group the previous week in all cases. Egg production was higher (P
New Self-adaptive Cuckoo Search Algorithm

In order to improve the local and global search ability of cuckoo search algorithm(CS)and its convergence rate,a new self-adaptive cuckoo search algorithm was proposed.In this algorithm,a self-adaptive parameter control strategy is used to adjust the step size of CS,thereby enhancing the search ability of CS.In addition,a mutation technique which is similar to differential evolution algorithm is utilized to guarantee the CS diversity.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is much more effective.
A Patient with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Biochemical Evidence of Disease at Follow-Up Visits and Increasing Serum Tg Values at the Follow-Up Assessments

Persistently detectable serum thyroglobulin (Tg) without residual normal thyroid after a total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) indicates biochemically persistent disease, even in patients without detectable lesions on imaging studies. Increasing serum Tg levels reflect progression of the disease. For distant organ metastases, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy followed by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression is the first-line treatment. No effective therapies had been available for RAI-refractory metastases. Molecular-targeted agents appeared recently as a new modality for RAI-refractory metastases. However, it is difficult to decide whether and when such agents should be administered in individual patients. An evaluation of the progressiveness of the disease is important in making this treatment decision, as are changes in serum Tg levels. A short Tg-doubling time (Tg-DT) is a very strong predictor both of carcinoma recurrence and carcinoma-related death superior to the conventional factors. Patients with a Tg-DT 2 years. We must carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of using molecular-targeted agents, because they usually are associated with severe adverse events.
Clinical Aspects of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Rupture of a saccular aneurysm is the cause of hemorrhage in approximately 80% of patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH results from rupture of nonsaccular aneurysms including fusiform or atherosclerotic aneurysms, mycotic aneurysms, and traumatic aneurysms. Histological sections of saccular aneurysm demonstrate fragmentation and loss of the internal elastic membrane and loss of the smooth muscle of the tunica media. These pathologic changes of the arterial walls are not congential in nature as once surmised, but rather are acquired because of hemodynamic stresses. The diagnosis of SAH begins with the recognition of signs and symptoms as described and is confirmed primarily with computed tomography of the head. Four-vessel cerebral angiography in at least two projections is required for localization and anatomic definition of cerebral aneurysms. Close medical surveillance is essential to prevent and/or treat potential complications, including deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infections, and delayed hydrocephalus.
Less is more-A pilot study evaluating one to three intradetrusor sites for injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA for neurogenic and idiopathic detrusor overactivity.

Aims To determine if minimizing the number of onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) injection sites to one to three locations provides similar clinical efficacy and duration of effect compared to the established technique in treating patients with neurogenic (NDO) or idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO). Methods Prospective data were collected on BTX naive patients with NDO or IDO who were intolerant or refractory to oral medications. Patients were treated with 100–300 U of BTX via one to three injection sites. Patients completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) prior to and after treatment. The primary endpoint was defined as ICIQ-SF score improvement of >5 points. Secondary endpoints included subjective success, complete continence, quality of life score, post void residual (PVR), duration of effect and adverse events. Results Fourty-five patients (22 IDO, 23 NDO) were included. ICIQ-SF score improvement of >5 points was achieved in 73% (IDO 55%, NDO 91%) and the subjective success rate was 69% (50% IDO, 87% NDO). 52% of NDO patients attained complete continence. PVR increased by a mean of 32 and 156 ml in the IDO and NDO groups. Hematuria occurred in 6.7% and symptomatic urinary tract infection occurred in 11.1%. No systemic BTX adverse events occurred. Mean duration of effect was 31 weeks. Conclusions Our technique for administering BTX via one to three intradetrusor injection sites has similar clinical efficacy and rates of adverse events compared to the established technique for treating patients with IDO and NDO. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dielectric Properties of Semiconductors

We discuss the dielectric response of a crystal. We consider separately the ionic response and the electronic response in the Random Phase Approximation. We then consider explicitly the interesting limits of the response of an electron gas in three and two dimensions at low temperature, and in the static- and long-wavelength limits.
BEZ235: When Promising Science Meets Clinical Reality

An article in a recent issue of The Oncologist reports the results of a phase I clinical trial of BEZ235 in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. The study was terminated early due to toxicity and a lack of clinical efficacy. The rapid and concise publication of this type of clinical result is necessary for effective collaboration and, ultimately, better outcomes for cancer patients.
Basin‐scale methods for predicting salmonid spawning habitat via grain size and riffle spacing, tested in a California coastal drainage

Basin-scale predictive geomorphic models for river characteristics, particularly grain size, can aid in salmonid habitat identification. However, these basin-scale methods are largely untested with actual habitat usage data. Here, we develop and test an approach for predicting grain size distributions from high resolution LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)-derived topographic data for a 77 km2 watershed along the central California Coast. This approach improves on previous efforts in that it predicts the full grain size distribution and incorporates an empirically calibrated shear stress partitioning factor. The predicted grain size distributions are used to calculate the fraction of the bed area movable by spawning fish. We then compare the ‘movable fraction’ with 7 years of observed spawning data. We find that predicted movable fraction explains the paucity of spawning in the upper reaches of the study drainage, but does not explain variation along the mainstem. In search of another morphologic characteristic that may help explain the variation within the mainstem, we measure riffle density, a proxy for physical habitat complexity. We find that field surveys of riffle density explain 64% of the variation in spawning in these mainstem reaches, suggesting that within reaches of appropriate sized gravel, spawning density is related to riffle density. Because riffle density varies systematically with channel width, predicting riffle spacing is straightforward with LiDAR data. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of basin-scale spawning habitat predictions made using high-resolution digital elevation models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital Rubella and CNS Defects

The University Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Leeds, and the Department of Microbiology, Hospital for Sick Children, London, collaborated in a study of the time relations between maternal rubella infection in pregnancy and the presence and type of defects in 422 children with confirmed congenital rubella registered in the National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Program at their institutions.
Intentionally Linked Entities: A Detailed Look at a Database System for Health Care Informatics**This is an extended version of a conference paper previously presented and published in the proceedings (Kantabutra, 2014).

This chapter introduces the Intentionally Linked Entities (ILE) database system and the possibility of using ILE to more efficiently and accurately manage data in health care information systems. ILE links data entities in a more robust and efficient way than the relational database system. ILE also stores data in a more organized fashion than the relational, tabular NoSQL database systems and the graph database system, and it is capable of expressing more general relationships among data entities than the object-oriented database (OODB) system. All these positive qualities of ILE present the possibility of improving the reliability and correctness of health care databases, and may lead to improved and more efficient patient care and health care database analysis. This chapter includes an example that illustrates how ILE can be used for an epidemiological database, and includes a comparison of ILE as applied to electronic health record (her) representation with two other nonrelational approaches to storing and managing EHRs.
Deranged Vaginas: Pussy Riot's Feminist Hermeneutics

The exposed members of Pussy Riot became symbols of the disruptive power of revolutionary art in a climate of repression upon their arrests following their performance at the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, yet the controversy of their conviction and imprisonment overshadowed the very message for which they were sentenced. Close inspection of their lyrics and court statements reveals Pussy Riot's deliberate, consistent, and sophisticated engagement with feminist hermeneutics in their public opposition to the leadership and policies of Russian President Vladimir Putin and Russian Orthodox Patriarch Kirill I. In addition to protesting Putin, Pussy Riot's performances, court statements, and letters from prison critique the entanglement of church and state and their sexist, hierarchical structures by employing an egalitarian praxis of scriptural interpretation and feminist theory.
Towards a More Complete Understanding of SDC Propagation

With the rate of errors that can silently effect an application's state/output expected to increase on future HPC machines, numerous application-level detection and recovery schemes have been proposed. Recovery is more efficient when errors are contained and affect only part of the computation's state. Containment is usually achieved by verifying all information leaking out of a statically defined containment domain, which is an expensive procedure. Alternatively, error propagation can be analyzed to bound the domain that is affected by a detected error. This paper investigates how silent data corruption (SDC) due to soft errors propagates through three HPC applications: HPCCG, Jacobi, and CoMD. To allow for more detailed view of error propagation, the paper tracks propagation at the instruction and application variable level. The impact of detection latency on error propagation is shown along with an application's ability to recover. Finally, the impact of compiler optimizations are explored along with the impact of local problem size on error propagation.
Composite Carbon Molecular Sieve Hollow Fiber Membranes: Resisting Support Densification via Silica Particle Stabilization

Resisting densification of hollow fiber support layers under high-temperature pyrolysis is critical to form carbon molecular sieve hollow fiber membranes with thin separation layer and attractive productivity. In this paper, a new silica particle stabilization approach is introduced to form thin-skinned composite carbon molecular sieve hollow fiber membranes with excellent resistance to support layer densification. By dispersing small-sized silica particles with low bulk density in the support layer of polymer precursor hollow fibers, composite carbon molecular sieve hollow fiber membranes were formed with highly porous supports. The composite carbon molecular sieve hollow fiber membranes showed very attractive selectivities and productivities higher than those of monolithic asymmetric carbon molecular sieve hollow fiber membranes formed by the standard sol–gel support stabilization technique.
Structure, Turnover, and Assembly of Ciliary Membranes in Tetrahymena

Tetrahymena cells (Fig. 1) have upwards of 600 cilia depending upon the species and the stage in the cell cycle (Nanney, 1971). Of these, about 20% are in the oral apparatus (Williams and Bakowska, 1982). The cilia are easily detached (less so the oral cilia) by the application of mild shearing forces after various chemical treatments (reviewed by Nozawa, 1975). This, combined with the fact that some species will approach 106 cells/ml before entering stationary phase, has made Tetrahymena cilia a favored material for biochemical investigation. Studies of the surface membrane of Tetrahymena cilia will be reviewed here with an emphasis on biogenesis.
SeqIndex: Indexing Sequences by Sequential Pattern Analysis.

In this paper, we study the issues related to the design and construction of high-performance sequence index structures in large sequence databases. To build effective indices, a novel method, called SeqIndex, is proposed, in which the selection of indices is based on the analysis of discriminative, frequent sequential patterns mined from large sequence databases. Such an analysis leads to the construction of compact and effective indexing structures. Furthermore, we eliminate the requirement of setting an optimal support threshold beforehand, which is difficult for users to provide in practice. The discriminative, frequent pattern based indexing method is proven very effective based on our performance study.
Archives for the Dark Web: A Field Guide for Study

This chapter draws on interviews, participant observation, and archival research to provide a field guide for other digital humanists who want to study the Dark Web. In order to study the Dark Web, the digital humanist must engage with the technical infrastructures of Freenet, Tor, and I2P. The chapter will also aid researchers who study Dark Web end users, aesthetics, or cultures. To these ends, I offer a catalog of archives and resources researchers could draw on, and a discussion of why researchers should build their own archives. I conclude with some remarks about the ethics of Dark Web research.