cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nearest in amity: Christians in the Qur'an and contemporary exegetical tradition

Abstract This essay seeks to argue the following points: first, tafsir is an important means of understanding not only the Qur'an but also the social situation of the Muslim community in our own time. Second, the Qur'an presents a clearly pluralistic view of religion and culture which allows for religious diversity within the framework of faith in God and the last day and the performance of righteous deeds. Third, the Qur'anic verses discussed in this article illustrate this view; yet Qur'an commentators considered in this essay generally reject this Qur'anic worldview in favour of a much more rigid approach to other religions.
An investment in health: anticipating the cost of a usual source of care for children.

OBJECTIVES. Among adults, having a usual source of care has been associated with lower health care expenditures primarily through decreased emergency department and inpatient expenditures. The extent of this effect among children is unknown. We hypothesized that children with a usual source of care would have greater odds of having any outpatient expenditures, lower odds of emergency department and inpatient expenditures, and lower expenditures overall. PATIENTS AND METHODS. Using a 2-part model, we studied expenditures among children ≤17 years of age in the 2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (N = 8810). Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between having a usual source of care and the odds of having any outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient expenditures, and ordinary least-squares regression was used to compare the amount of total, outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient expenditures among children with and without a usual source of care, controlling for confounders. RESULTS. The odds of having any expenditures overall and any outpatient expenditures were 2.42 and 2.91 times higher among children with a usual source of care than among those without a usual source of care. The odds of having any emergency department or inpatient visits did not differ between groups. Having a usual source of care was associated with higher total expenditures and lower inpatient expenditures. CONCLUSIONS. Having a usual source of care is associated with increased odds of having any expenditures overall and any outpatient expenditures, higher total expenditures, and lower inpatient expenditures. Because emergency department and inpatient visits are less common among children than among adults, reductions in receipt of such care do not offset the associated increase in total expenditures and may not be appropriate indicators of the benefit of having a usual source of care among children. Intermediate indicators such as receipt of age-appropriate preventive services should be assessed.
Nanocomposites of Liquid Crystalline Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Particles and Liquid Crystalline Polymers

A new liquid crystalline nanoparticle has been synthesized by the reaction of a cyanobiphenyl derivative with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS®*). Two POSS nanoparticles, liquid crystalline POSS (LC POSS 3) and a non-LC isooctyl POSS (OPOSS), were then compounded at 2.5 wt % into thermotropic polyester liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) poly(hexamethylene 4,4’-bibenzoate), poly(diethylene glycol 4,4’-bibenzoate) as well as a frustrated LCP 45:55 poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-4,4’-bibenzoate). These polymers are currently being studied for potential use in high performance fibers and high barrier packaging materials. A comprehensive study of LCP/LC POSS 3 nanocomposites will focus on any changes in the thermal and mechanical properties of the LCPs with increasing LC POSS 3 concentration. It will be determined how incorporation of LC POSS 3 affects the liquid crystalline phases of an amorphous and crystalline LCP. Of special interest is the incorporation of LC POSS 3 into a frustrated LCP. It is proposed that the LC POSS 3 might help to unfrustrate the LCP.
Protein Kinase C- ξ is Responsible for the Protection of Preconditioning in Rabbit Cardiomyocytes

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the protection of ischemic preconditioning (PC) is still controversial, partly because of the multiple isozymes of PKC and the inability to directly measure PKC activity in vivo. In this study we have used novel peptide inhibitors which correspond to part of the amino acid sequence from the isozyme-specific RACK-binding site on the PKC molecule. The peptides prevent binding of a specific activated PKC isozyme to its RACK, thus halting isozyme translocation and function. The inhibitor peptides are cross-linked to the membrane-translocating antennapedia homeodomain peptide that allows their entry into cells. The effect of inhibitors of PKC-beta, -delta, -epsilon and -eta were evaluated. Rabbit adult ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation. Ischemia was simulated by centrifuging the myocytes into an oxygen-free pellet for 180 min. PC was induced by 10 min of pelleting followed by resuspension in oxygenated medium for 15 min. During simulated ischemia cells undergo a predictable increase in osmotic fragility as judged by determination of the number of stained cells following their incubation in hypotonic (85 mOsm) trypan blue. The percentage of cells experiencing membrane rupture, and thus cell staining, was considered to be an index of ischemic injury. PC significantly delayed the progression of osmotic fragility during simulated ischemia (P<0.01). The protection of PC was abolished by the peptide inhibitor of PKC-epsilon but not by the peptide inhibitors selective for PKC-beta, PKC-delta, or PKC-eta; each was applied at 100 n N. Protection could also be induced by the PKC activator oleoylacetyl glycerol, and that protection was aborted by the inhibitor selective for PKC-epsilon, but not by the inhibitor for PKC-delta. None of the above peptide treatments affected the osmotic fragility in non-PC cells during simulated ischemia. Our studies further support PKC as a critical part of the signal transduction pathway in PC and indicate that PKC-epsilon alone is responsible for the early phase of PC's protection in rabbit cardiomyocytes.
Normal forms for tensor polynomials. I. The Riemann tensor

Renormalization theory in quantum gravity, among other applications, continues to stimulate many attempts to calculate asymptotic expansions of heat kernels and other Green functions of differential operators. Computer algebra systems now make it possible to carry these calculations to high orders, where the number of terms is very large. To be understandable and usable, the result of the calculation must be put into a standard form; because of the subtleties of tensor symmetry, to specify a basis set of independent terms is a non-trivial problem. This problem can be solved by applying some representation theory of the symmetric, general linear and orthogonal groups. In this work the authors treat the case of scalars or tensors formed from the Riemann tensor (of a torsionless, metric-compatible connection) by covariant differentiation, multiplication and contraction. (The same methods may be applied readily to other tensors.) The authors have determined the number of independent homogeneous scalar monomials of each order and degree up to order twelve in derivatives of the metric, and exhibited a basis for these invariants up through order eight. For tensors of higher rank, they present bases through order six; in that case some effort is required to match the familiar classical tensor expressions (usually supporting reducible representations) against the lists of irreducible representations provided by the more abstract group theory. Finally, the analysis yields (more easily for scalars than for tensors) an understanding of linear dependences in low dimensions among otherwise distinct tensors.
Succession Planning in Family Business: The Impact of Owner Gender

Research on succession planning in family businesses has largely neglected issues linked to owner gender. The present study examines the extent to which differences are evident between male- and female-led family businesses in succession planning processes. Using data from a national survey of family-business owners, we explore the predictors of the comprehensiveness of succession planning. The results confirm that there are similarities and differences between males and females in the determinants of succession planning.
Overview: The Potential of silanes for chromate replacement in metal finishing industries

Trialkoxysilanes (or silanes) have emerged as a very promising alternative for chromates in metal finishing industries. Compared to the conventional chromating processes, the major merits of silane-based surface treatments include: eco-compliance, easy-control processing, comparable corrosion protection of metals as well as paint adhesion to a variety of topcoats. In this overview paper, we report the recent status of silane studies including results of corrosion performance tests, the mechanism of corrosion protection of metals by silanes and the themal stabilities of silane films. We also address the new fields that we are beginning to explore such as nano-structured silane films, “self-healing” silane films, and “super-primers”.
Trends and behavior of developers in open collaborative software projects

We conduct an extensive analysis on the developers of Open Source Software (OSS) projects. Our goal is to discover trends that govern the developers' behavior in contributing to OSS projects. To achieve our goal, we define and analyze a set of developer and OSS project features. Moreover, we study the behavior of the developers on selecting OSS projects to participate in by analyzing the project features that dictate the developers' selection. In addition, we study the difference between developers who seek a job and who do not seek a job in developing social ties. We, also, analyze the developers' affiliation (e.g., corporate, university, Institute, etc.) and location (e.g., city) statistics. It is found that a significant ratio of developers share the same affiliation and location in a team for a project that is being developed by remote collaborators. We use a dataset collected from Github.com, which is one of the most fast-growing and large-scale online OSS community. This study is substantial for future works of recommender systems targeting the OSS community.
Pudendal neuropathy involving the perforating cutaneous nerve after cystocele repair with graft.

BACKGROUND: Pudendal neuropathy is a documented complication of sacrospinous ligament fixation, but it is infrequently reported with other types of gynecologic surgery. CASE: A woman developed neuropathic symptoms of the right vulva, perianal area, and gluteal fold after vaginal surgery with graft for anterior pelvic organ prolapse. Pudendal nerve entrapment with involvement of the perforating cutaneous nerve was suspected. Suture removal 1 year after the operation resulted in improved pain symptoms and sexual function. CONCLUSION: Pudendal nerve entrapment is one potential complication of anterior vaginal repair with biologic graft. Removal of sutures, even long after surgery, can result in clinically significant improvement in pain symptoms and sexual function in patients with pudendal nerve entrapment.
Interaction of genes and nutritional factors in the etiology of autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders: A case control study

Abstract Objective To compare risk factors of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to age/sex-matched controls with particular attention to family history, parental age and nutrition. Method 31 ASD and 81 ADHD patients were compared to 612 age/sex-matched controls by reviewing charts for parental age, sibling order, gestational age, and early feeding, and by parental interview for early feeding and family history of psychopathology on affected patients and 139 of those controls. Findings Parental age affected ASD and ADHD females but not males. First-born males were at increased risk for both disorders even though their siblings had older parents and their parents were not more likely to stop having children. Breastfeeding in the absence of parental psychopathology reduced ADHD risk, but breastfeeding of first-born males by older mothers with psychopathology was a risk for ASD. Breastfeeding was only a risk for ADHD if the mother had psychopathology. Parent emigration from a place of high fish consumption was a significant ASD risk factor. Resulting hypotheses ADHD and ASD share risk factors due to shared genetic and nutritional interactions, likely revolving around deficiencies of omega-3 fatty acids (n3FAs) during brain development. Fatty acid metabolism genes are important in that process. The 4:1 male to female ratio for both disorders results from hormonally driven fat metabolism differences. Risk factors for both disorders including maternal smoking, prematurity, and gestational diabetes may also be attributed to their effect on n3FA supplies. Breastfeeding can be a risk factor when the mother’s genes and/or age affect her milk quality. Parental age and gene defects may affect female more than male offspring. Childbirth with adequate spacing and breastfeeding can override maternal age and protect subsequent offspring. Genetic variations in fat metabolism can be influenced by cultural/geographic diet, causing deficiencies in offspring with migration-influenced diet changes. Interaction of n3FA deficient diets, delayed child-bearing, and breastfeeding by mothers with psychopathology may be important factors in the rising incidence of ASD and ADHD in recent decades. Partial prevention through diet and supplements may be possible.
Relations Between Body Image and Dieting Behaviors: An Examination of Gender Differences

Although links between body image and dieting behaviors have been established among women, little research is available to elucidate relations between these constructs among men. In the present study, we examined relations between men's and women's body image and healthy and unhealthy dieting behaviors. Two hundred and eight participants' (104 men, mean age = 25.88 years; 104 women, mean age = 23.87 years) body perceptions and body satisfaction were assessed using the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Participants' dieting behaviors were assessed using the Weight Control Behavior Scale and weight status was assessed using body mass index (BMI). Analyses of relations among BMI, body satisfaction, and healthy dieting behaviors revealed a predictable pattern for both men and women; BMI was inversely related to body satisfaction and was positively related to healthy dieting behaviors. Body satisfaction was inversely related to both men's and women's healthy and unhealthy dieting behaviors. Further analyses of the relations between men's and women's body image and unhealthy dieting behaviors suggest different motives for men's and women's participation in these potentially health-compromising weight-management techniques. Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to researchers' understanding of the gendered nature of body image and dieting behaviors.
Oxygen consumption and production by tropical ascidians symbiotic with Prochloron

Abstract 1. 1. Oxygen consumption and production rates were measured in two species of colonial ascidians that contained the algal symbiont, Prochloron . 2. 2. Despite differences in size and habitats, the colonies showed similar rates of oxygen consumption and production. 3. 3. Oxygen production by the colonies was light dependent. 4. 4. Based on the data presented, the symbiosis is similar to other algal-invertebrate symbioses in producing more oxygen than is consumed when illuminated.
Road/Weather Information System Architecture for Integration and Expansion

Because of rapidly changing technologies and associated increasing costs, implementation of a Road/Weather Information System must be carefully planned. Planners know the importance of starting with an architecture that allows easy integration of new and legacy technologies and easy expansion to a larger system. A layered, hierarchical architecture is proposed to meet that objective. A prototype of this model was implemented in the Minnesota Department of Transportation District 1. This system is described in brief.
Ethical Postures and Ethical Posturing

It seems* plausible to suppose that "the desire to do good" is a significant motive for many who choose a career in the public service. As for the rest, virtually all of us have been raised to love good and hate evil, no matter how well or poorly we are able to discern the difference, or how stalwart or irresolute we may be in seeking the one and shunning the other. We might well ask, then, as Saul Bellow does somewhere: "With everyone sold on the good, how does all the evil get done?"
Effect of inoculum density, nitrogen source and saprophytic fungi on Fusarium wilt of Mexican lime

Mexican lime seedlings were inoculated with 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 microconidia ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.citri per gram of potting media. The percent infection and mean disease severity rating increased with increasing inoculum density of the pathogen. In potting mix infested withAspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium funiculosum andTrichoderma harzianum at 5000 conidia per gram 2 weeks prior to infestation withF. oxysporum f. sp.citri at 0, 1000, 4000, and 8000 microconidia per gram,A. ochraceus reduced,P. funiculosum increased andT. harzianum had no effect on disease severity or pathogen population. OnlyP. funiculosum showed antagonistic activityin vitro against the pathogen. Disease severity and pathogen propagule densitites were greater and pH was lower in potting media fertilized with NH4−N than in media fertilized with NO3−N.
Trees or forest?: A response to Gresson's “phenomenology and the rhetoric of identification”

Gresson's discussion of the phenomenology of coalition formation emphasizes the importance of “transcending experiences” for the alliance of sociopolitical outgroups. This article suggests two additional considerations. First, the outgroups which Gresson examines are the consequence of a democratic system which failed to adequately establish a societal “we‐relationship.” Second, the communicative act itself (apart from its content) creates or nurtures a “we‐relationship” between individuals. Thus, leader communication with the potentially disaffected may help unify the society, apart from the message strategies employed. President Carter's public appearances during his first 17 months were studied to illustrate his coalition of “we‐relationships.”
Fibronectin-mononuclear cell interactions regulate type 1 helper T cell cytokine network in tolerant transplant recipients.

Fibronectin (FN), expressed primarily by macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, represents an integral feature of the rejection response in transplant recipients. Here we demonstrate a unique pattern of cellular FN expression in rat recipients of cardiac allografts rendered tolerant in an infectious manner with either nondepleting CD4 mAb or regulatory spleen cells. Unlike in rejecting controls, cellular FN in tolerant hosts was restricted to the graft vessels and no vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression could be found, supporting the role of FN in leukocyte sequestration at the graft site. The lack of myocardial FN in tolerant rats, despite dense macrophage infiltration, correlated with profound depression of Th1 (interleukin-2 and interferon-γ) cytokines. Treatment with CD4-depleting mAb prevented tolerance induction and restored myocardial expression of FN in parallel with marked increase in the expression of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ mRNA/protein. Furthermore, connective segment-1 peptide-facilitated adjunctive blockade of FN-α4β1 interactions in recipients conditioned with CD4 depleting mAb, significantly depressed intragraft expression of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ mRNA/protein. Hence, the lack of FN associated with infiltrating leukocytes plays an important role in the maintenance of tolerance in transplant recipients by depressing local expression of Th1 cytokines that otherwise facilitate acute graft rejection.
Improved ultracentrifuge cells for high-speed sedimentation equilibrium studies with interference optics

Abstract A new type of three-channel ultracentrifuge cell is deseribed; it is convenient and reliable in use for high-speed and long-term sedimentation equilibrium experiments employing the Rayleigh interference optical system. The plastic centerpiece of the cell has six compartments, each of which opens to the side through two filling holes that permit the chambers to be loaded and cleaned without disassembly of the cell. The nature of optical aberrations often seen with conventional cell assemblies at high rotational speeds has been analyzed and ways to avoid these difficulties are suggested. When the new cells are used according to a recommended routine and with improved components that minimize window strain, changes in blank patterns after long operation at speeds above 50,000 rpm remain within the standard error of reading interference plates. The increased optical reliability of the side-access cells helps to extend the routine application of meniscus depletion type molecular weight determinations to include molecules with sizes around 10,000 daltons.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of small molecule disruptors of EWS-FLI1 interactions in Ewing's sarcoma.

EWS-FLI1 is an oncogenic fusion protein implicated in the development of Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors (ESFT). Using our previously reported lead compound 2 (YK-4-279), we designed and synthesized a focused library of analogues. The functional inhibition of the analogues was measured by an EWS-FLI1/NR0B1 reporter luciferase assay and a paired cell screening approach measuring effects on growth inhibition for human cells containing EWS-FLI1 (TC32 and TC71) and control PANC1 cell lines devoid of the oncoprotein. Our data revealed that substitution of electron donating groups at the para-position on the phenyl ring was the most favorable for inhibition of EWS-FLI1 by analogs of 2. Compound 9u (with a dimethylamino substitution) was the most active inhibitor with GI50 = 0.26 ± 0.1 μM. Further, a correlation of growth inhibition (EWS-FLI1 expressing TC32 cells) and the luciferase reporter activity was established (R2 = 0.84). Finally, we designed and synthesized a biotinylated analogue and determined the bindi...
Reductive metabolism of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole is regulated by oxygen tension independent of the pyridine nucleotide redox state.

2-Nitroimidazoles, such as pimonidazole, are reduced in cells with low oxygen tension and are, therefore, used as hypoxia markers. However, the effect of the pyridine nucleotide redox state on pimonidazole reduction is not known. Therefore, livers from fed or fasted rats were perfused with oxygen-saturated buffer containing pimonidazole (400 microM) in the presence and absence of an inhibitor of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, potassium cyanide; these treatments were used to modulate the mitochondrial and cytosolic pyridine nucleotide redox states. Pimonidazole-induced increases in oxygen uptake over basal values were as follows: fed, 15.1 +/- 2.4; fasted, 4.2 +/- 0.8; fed + KCN, 32.1 +/- 0.9; fasted + KCN, 0.2 +/- 0.2 micromol x g(-1) x h(-1). However, if NADPH was added in excess, microsomal oxygen uptake due to oxidative metabolism of pimonidazole was independent of treatment. These results indicate that pimonidazole-stimulated O2 uptake, due predominantly to N-oxidation and glucuronidation, is dependent on the NADPH redox state. In contrast, reduced pimonidazole adducts, detected immunochemically, accumulated in pericentral regions in liver. Increasing the NADH redox state by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain with KCN decreased protein-bound pimonidazole adducts. Concomitantly, the average O2 tension of the liver was increased at least 30%. However, KCN had no effect on total pimonidazole adducts detected by ELISA, although both cytosolic (lactate/pyruvate) and mitochondrial (3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate) NADH redox states were elevated by at least a factor of eight. These results indicate that, unlike oxidative metabolism, the pyridine nucleotide redox state does not determine the rate of reductive metabolism of pimonidazole. Instead, the cellular oxygen tension regulates this process. Therefore, even in cases where the supply of reducing equivalents is increased (e.g., ethanol metabolism), accumulation of the reduced bound product of pimonidazole is oxygen dependent in liver.
Spontaneous Coronary Arterial Dissection and Isolated Eosinophilic Coronary Arteritis: Sudden Cardiac Death in a Patient With a Limited Variant of Churg-Strauss Syndrome

Isolated eosinophilic coronary arteritis expressed as a limited variant of the Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis) is a rare condition. Equally as rare is the entity of isolated spontaneous coronary arterial dissection associated with eosinophilic arteritis. A 57-year-old woman with a history of asthma and recurrent hypersensitivity (anaphylactoid) reactions to various exogenous allergens was found dead in her home; no premonitory complaints had been noted during the preceding days. Autopsy revealed focal occlusion of the left anterior descending and first diagonal coronary arteries by discrete dissecting hematomas of the media as the cause of sudden and unexpected death. Histologically, the affected arterial wall showed eosinophilic inflammation characteristic of this limited expression of the Churg-Strauss syndrome. To our knowledge, sudden cardiac death caused by arterial dissection in isolated eosinophilic coronary arteritis has not previously been reported.
Global tropical rain estimates from microwave‐adjusted geosynchronous IR data

Abstract A technique is described for using rain rates inferred from microwave low‐orbit satellite observations to objectively adjust rain rates inferred from geosynchronous‐orbit infrared (geo‐IR) satellite observations to produce monthly total rain maps for the region 40°N to 40°S. The adjustment is based on the spatially variable ratio of rainrate estimates from coincident microwave and infrared data, which is then applied to the full geo‐IR data set. The resulting “microwave‐adjusted geo‐IR rain estimate” has the (usually low) bias of the microwave estimates, together with the smoothness and temporal coverage of the geo‐IR data. Here, the microwave estimates from the Goddard Scattering Algorithm (GSCAT) are used to adjust the geo‐IR estimates from the Geosynchronous Precipitation Index (GPI) to form the Adjusted GPI (AGPI) technique. Verification against rain gauge analyses over water and land and subjective examination of the resulting maps and zonally‐averaged fields show that the AGPI estimates are...
Photoacoustic design parameter optimization for deep tissue imaging by numerical simulation

A new design of light illumination scheme for deep tissue photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a light catcher, is proposed and evaluated by in silico simulation. Finite element (FE)-based numerical simulation model was developed for photoacoustic (PA) imaging in soft tissues. In this in silico simulation using a commercially available FE simulation package (COMSOL MultiphysicsTM, COMSOL Inc., USA), a short-pulsed laser point source (pulse length of 5 ns) was placed in water on the tissue surface. Overall, four sets of simulation models were integrated together to describe the physical principles of PA imaging. Light energy transmission through background tissues from the laser source to the target tissue or contrast agent was described by diffusion equation. The absorption of light energy and its conversion to heat by target tissue or contrast agent was modeled using bio-heat equation. The heat then causes the stress and strain change, and the resulting displacement of the target surface produces acoustic pressure. The created wide-band acoustic pressure will propagate through background tissues to the ultrasound detector, which is governed by acoustic wave equation. Both optical and acoustical parameters in soft tissues such as scattering, absorption, and attenuation are incorporated in tissue models. PA imaging performance with different design parameters of the laser source and energy delivery scheme was investigated. The laser light illumination into the deep tissues can be significantly improved by up to 134.8% increase of fluence rate by introducing a designed compact light catcher with highly reflecting inner surface surrounding the light source. The optimized parameters through this simulation will guide the design of PA system for deep tissue imaging, and help to form the base protocols of experimental evaluations in vitro and in vivo.
Intraoperative round window recordings to acoustic stimuli from cochlear implant patients.

HypothesisAcoustically evoked neural and hair cell potentials can be measured from the round window (RW) intraoperatively in the general population of cochlear implant recipients.BackgroundCochlear implant performance varies greatly among patients. Improved methods to assess and monitor functional h
Glutamate receptors and asthmatic airway disease.

Research in the author's laboratory has been supported by the USA Department of Veterans Affairs and by NIH Grants HL 30450 and HL 55849. Rosalind Antoniazzi provided valuable assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.
Local Well-Posedness for Fluid Interface Problems

In this paper, we prove the local well-posedness of the fluid interface problem with surface tension where the velocity fields are not assumed to be irrotational and the fluid domains are not assumed to be simply connected. Viewed as a Lagrangian system with the configuration space being an infinite dimensional manifold possessing many symmetries, this problem is reduced to the evolution of the interface, determined by its mean curvature, and the evolution of the rotational part of the velocity fields, determined by the symmetries. This framework also applies to several other fluid surface problems which are outlined in the paper.
Is the suppression of short waves by a swell a three-dimensional effect?

We consider the phenomenon of suppression of short waves by a long wave, observed by Mitsuyasu in 1966. The recently proposed [1] essentially 3-D explanation of this phenomenon is reviewed and compared with more traditional 2-D explanations. Several physical implications of this 3-D explanation are suggested and the experimental verification is discussed.
Asymptotics for the zeros and poles of normalized Pad\'{e} approximants to\({\rm e}^{z}\)

With \(s_{n} (z)\) denoting the \(n\)-th partial sum of ${\rm e}^{z}$, the exact rate of convergence of the zeros of the normalized partial sums, \(s_{n} (nz)\), to the Szeg\"o curve\(D_{0,\infty}\) was recently studied by Carpenter et al. (1991), where\(D_{0,\infty}\) is defined by\(\) Here, the above results are generalized to the convergence of the zeros and poles of certain sequences of normalized Pad\'{e} approximants\(R_{n,\nu} ((n+\nu)z)\) to \({\rm e}^{z}\), where \(R_{n,\nu} (z)\) is the associated Pad\'{e} rational approximation to \({\rm e}^{z}\).
TRIPLET EXCITONS AND DELAYED FLUORESCENCE IN ANTHRACENE CRYSTALS

Delayed fluorescence was detected in laser-induced fluorescence in anthracene single crystals after the laser pulse ended. The rate of decay of this fluorescence and other experimental observations was explained by assuming that the singlet state giving rise to the fluorescence is produced by a bimolecular annihilation of triplet excitons generated directly by the laser light. The lifetime and the bimolecular interaction rate constant of the triplet excitons were found to be 10 msec and 10/sup -11/ cm/sup 3/ sec-/sup 1/, respectively. (C.E.S.)
A computational model for sex-specific genetic architecture of complex traits in humans: Implications for mapping pain sensitivity

Understanding differences in the genetic architecture of complex traits between the two sexes has significant implications for evolutionary studies and clinical diagnosis. However, our knowledge about sex-specific genetic architecture is limited largely because of a lack of analytical models that can detect and quantify the effects of sex on the complexity of quantitative genetic variation. Here, we derived a statistical model for mapping DNA sequence variants that contribute to sex-specific differences in allele frequencies, linkage disequilibria, and additive and dominance genetic effects due to haplotype diversity. This model allows a genome-wide search for functional haplotypes and the estimation and test of haplotype by sex interactions and sex-specific heritability. The model, validated by simulation studies, was used to detect sex-specific functional haplotypes that encode a pain sensitivity trait in humans. The model could have important implications for mapping complex trait genes and studying the detailed genetic architecture of sex-specific differences.
Admission international normalized ratio and acute infarct volume in ischemic stroke

Objective The level of anticoagulation at the time of stroke onset may influence the size, composition, and dissolution rate of the occlusive clot. We explored the relation between admission international normalized ratio (INR) and acute infarct volume in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods We studied 93 consecutive patients with preadmission warfarin use who had INR measurement and diffusion-weighted imaging performed within 24 hours of stroke onset. Ninety-three etiologic stroke subtype-matched patients without prior warfarin use served as control patients. Linear regression analysis was used to test for independence of INR as a predictor of infarct volume. Results In patients with preadmission warfarin use, admission INR was inversely correlated with lesion volume on diffusion-weighted imaging (r = −0.38). This relation was retained after adjustment for potential covariates (p = 0.014). INR less than 2.0 was associated with 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.9–4.2) greater lesion volume on diffusion-weighted imaging as compared with INR of 2.0 or more. Patients who were on therapeutic INR (≥2.0) had smaller infarcts compared with patients without preadmission warfarin use (p = 0.001). Admission INR was inversely correlated with acute perfusion defect (r = −0.33), chronic infarct volume (r = −0.42), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission (r = −0.27), and modified Rankin score at discharge (r = −0.28). Interpretation These results suggest that preadmission warfarin use associated with therapeutic level of anticoagulation can offer a benefit in limiting the extent of ischemic injury in an event of acute stroke. Ann Neurol 2008
Observations of Mating Behavior in Culex tarsalis

Offspring of normal and genetically marked adults demonstrated that females of Culex tarsalis normally are inseminated only once. No insemination took place when both female and male adults were 60 h or less old. Under laboratory conditions a single male was able to in seminate up to 8 ♀ over a 21-day time period.
Boron clusters as structural elements of novel liquid crystalline materials

closo-Boranes are characterised by high thermal and oxidative stability due in part to highly delocalised bonding within a σ-framework. These boron clusters when employed as structural elements of liquid crystals give rise to novel structures with unique properties and vast potential in applications. The neutral closo-boranes such as the carboranes provide opportunity to perform fundamental structure–property relationship studies that may provide additional insight on the liquid crystalline state. The anionic closo-borates possessing a highly delocalised negative two charge can be used as structural elements of zwitterionic, quadrupolar liquid crystalline materials. Such materials may be of use for understanding the effects of polarity on the liquid crystalline state. Lastly, the anionic closo-monocarbaborates possessing a single highly delocalised negative charge can be envisioned as structural elements of either highly polar or ionic liquid crystalline materials. The highly polar materials may also serv...
Increased Risk of Infection in Obese Adolescents After Pedicle Screw Instrumentation for Idiopathic Scoliosis

Abstract Study Design Original research. Objective To evaluate perioperative risk factors associated with obesity in children undergoing posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The authors hypothesized that patients with a high body mass index (BMI) percentile would be associated with increased morbidity as measured by various intraoperative parameters. Summary of Background Data Few studies have evaluated the effects of increased BMI in children undergoing surgery. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis represents 80% of idiopathic scoliosis cases and is the most common indication for surgery. Methods Patients were divided into 3 groups: normal weight (n = 144) (5% 85% to 95%), and obese (n = 38) (BMI > 95%). Patients with BMI less than 5% were excluded from this study because they were underweight. Perioperative data were collected and analyzed based on differences between groups. Results A total of 207 patients were included in this study. There was a significant difference in the length of anesthesia (p = .032). The rate of infection was 11% in the obese group, 12% in the overweight group, and 3% in the normal weight group (p = .03). Conclusions Even with pedicle screw instrumentation, the researchers saw an increase in infection in overweight and obese patients. Patients should be counseled before surgery for weight loss to limit surgical complications such as possible risk of postoperative wound infection.
Cardiac Specific Leucine-Rich Repeat Containing 10 (LRRC10) Protein Interacts with and Regulates the Cav1.2 L-Type Ca2+ Channels

Cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) play essential role in multiple cellular processes including excitation-contraction coupling, signaling and gene regulation. Diverse families of regulatory and scaffolding proteins regulate the LTCCs in the cardiomyocytes. Leucine-rich repeat containing 10 (LRRC10) is a cardiac-specific scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in heart development and function. Recently we have demonstrated that the Lrrc10-null (Lrrc10-/-) mice develop dilated cardiomyopathy and Lrrc10-/- cardiomyocytes exhibit reduced LTCC current (ICa,L). However, it is unclear how LRRC10 regulates LTCC function in the heart. To investigate the role of LRRC10 in the regulation of LTCCs, we co-expressed the WT LRRC10 with LTCC channel complex comprising of the Cav1.2, β2CN2, α2δ subunits in HEK293 cells and performed whole-cell patch clamp experiments. Co-expression of LRRC10 significantly enhanced (225%) the peak LTCC current (IBa,L −75±7 pA/pF) density compared to LTCC alone (−33±3 pA/pF). We then introduced a single point mutation (substituted alanine for histidine) in the putative functional interaction site at amino acid position 150 (H150A) of LRRC10. Co-expression of LRRC10H150A caused significant reduction (27%) in IBa,L (-57±4 pA/pF) compared to WT LRRC10 co-expression. Furthermore, G/Gmax analysis revealed a significant shift in the voltage dependence of activation to more negative potentials with the co-expression of either the WT LRRC10 (V1/2,-21.7mV) or the H150A mutation (V1/2, −25.1mV) compared to LTCC alone (V1/2, −16.4mV). Finally, co-immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis in HEK293 cells demonstrated that LRRC10 associates with Cav1.2 subunit but not the Cav2 subunit. Moreover, co-expression of the LRRC10 H150A mutation disrupted the association of Cav1.2 with LRRC10. We conclude that LRRC10 may directly associate with Cav1.2 subunit and regulate the LTCC function by enhancing the surface expression, density and biophysical properties of the ICa,L.
Games for the very young baby

The very young infant who enters into any day care setting is more dependent on the caregiver than he or she ever will be again. The infant has not yet developed the physical and social skills with which older babies can manage to call attention to their needs.
Relative Efficiencies of a Class of Goodness of Fit Tests for Randomly Censored Data

We investigate the relative performances of a class of goodness of fit procedures for randomly censored data. For purposes of planning experiments, we quantify the loss of information induced by censorship. We evaluate efficiencies against particular alternatives of interest in survival studies, as the amount of censorship increases. We caution against attributing various power and efficiency properties of the goodness of fit criteria that are obtained under no censorship to situations where the censorship is far from negligible.
Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of the DB White Dwarf PG 1351+489 Light Intensity Curves

A nonlinear time series analysis is performed on light intensity data for the variable DB white dwarf PG 1351+489. The data were collected during the XCov12 campaign of the Whole Earth Telescope. Two data sets integrated to 30 and 10 s, taken at different times during the campaign, were analyzed. The power spectrum of PG 1351+489 is broadband, with a dominant fundamental frequency f0, and its harmonics, subharmonics, and other lower amplitude peaks. Our time delay phase-space portrait in 3 dimensions is a rhombohedral shape wrapped around a torus with triangular projections. This differs from earlier reports of a more circular two-dimensional representation. We show that the difference is due to binning and subsequent filtering in the earlier work. A circular phase-space portrait is obtained if only the fundamental frequency is used, the reconstruction subsequently growing in complexity as more and more of the power spectrum is included. Poincare section return times for the 30 s integrated data correspond to the fundamental period. For the 10 s integrated data, other return times are observed. These are shown to be due to dynamical resetting. An example of dynamical resetting on a theoretical model is given. Since resetting takes the phase-space point off the trajectory, locally projective nonlinear noise reduction was used. Locally projective nonlinear noise reduction results in lower white noise by a factor of ~50. Thus, three more harmonics of the fundamental frequency f0, four more (n + 0.47)f0 subharmonics, and at least 12 other peaks are identified.
Millennials and the World of Work: Experiences in Paid Work During Adolescence

Purpose This article considers some important questions faced by youth as they enter and adapt to paid work. We focus on two key questions: (1) how many hours should teenagers work during the school year and (2) what available jobs are desirable?
Integrating Random Testing with Constraints for Improved Efficiency and Diversity

Random testing can be fully automated, eliminates subjectiveness in constructing test data, and increases the diversity of test data. However, randomly generated tests may not satisfy program’s assumptions such as method preconditions. While constraint solving can satisfy such assumptions, it does not necessarily generate diverse tests and is hard to apply to large programs. We blend these techniques by extending random testing with constraint solving, improving the efficiency of generating valid test data while preserving diversity. For domains such as objects, we generate input values randomly; however, for values of finite domains such as integers, we represent test data generation as a constraint satisfaction problem by solving constraints extracted from the precondition of the method under test. We also increase the diversity of constraint-based solutions by incorporating randomness into the solver’s enumeration process. In our experimental evaluation we observed an average improvement of 80 times without decreasing test data diversity, measured in terms of the time needed to generate a given number of valid test cases.
Dynamic Processes for Nanostructure Development in Cu after Severe Cryogenic Rolling Deformation

The dynamic grain refinement behavior upon severe plastic deformation has been systematically studied in commercial purity copper that was heavily cold rolled to large deformations at cryogenic temperatures. The low-temperature rolling allows the accumulation of extraordinarily high densities of dislocations in Cu, enabling an investigation of the various dynamic recrystallization phenomena upon further deformation. The eventual steady-state grain sizes achieved, as well as the dynamic recrystallization mechanisms, are studied using controlled deformation tests combined with transmission electron microscopy. The dominant mechanisms observed to contribute to grain refinement in Cu include the classical migration dynamic recrystallization process, the deformation twinning, as well as the continuous dynamic recrystallization via progressive lattice rotation upon deformation to extremely large strains. The strain rate and deformation temperature have strong effects on the operative mechanisms and the grain sizes achieved in the ultrafine and nanocrystalline regimes.
Does God Exist in Methodological Atheism? On Tanya Lurhmann's When God Talks Back and Bruno Latour

In the anthropology of Christianity, and more broadly in the anthropology of religion, methodological atheism has foreclosed ethnographic description of God as a social actor. This prohibition is the product of certain ontological presumptions regarding agency, an absence of autonomy of human creations, and a truncated conception of what can be said to exist. Reading Tanya Luhrmann's recent ethnography, When God Talks Back: Understanding the American Evangelical Relationship with God (2012), in light of both the ontological postulates of Object Orientated Ontology and the work of Bruno Latour, this article proposes an ontological framework that makes it is possible to ethnographically describe God as a social actor without adopting methodological theism. This article also notes, however, that the ethnographic description of religious practice, found in studies of the Vineyard denomination such as Luhrmann's, challenge Latour's own account of the difference between science and religions as distinguishable enterprises.
Chunks: A basis for complexity measurement

Abstract The state of the art in psychological complexity measurement is currently at the same stage as weather forecasting was when early Europeans based their predictions on portents of change. Current direct measures of program characteristics such as operator and operand counts and control flow paths are not based on convincing indicators of complexity. This paper provides justification for using chunks as a basis for improved complexity measurement, describes approaches to identifying chunks, and proposes a chunk-based complexity measure.