cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity of water-saturated rocks from the KTB Pilot Hole at temperatures of 25 to 300°C

The conductivitites of selected gneiss (two) and amphibolite (one) core samples have been measured under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure with a needle-probe. Water-saturated thermal conductivity measurements spanning temperatures from 25 to 300°C and hydrostatic pressures of 0.1 and 34 MPa confirm the general decrease in conductivity with increasing temperature but deviate significantly from results reported from measurements on dry samples over the same temperature range. The thermal conductivity of water-saturated amphibolite decreases with temperature at a rate approximately 40% less than the rate for dry amphibolite, and the conductivity of water-saturated gneiss decreases at a rate approximately 20% less than the rate for dry gneiss. The available evidence points to thermal cracking as the primary cause of the more rapid decrease in dry thermal conductivity with temperature. The effects of thermal cracking were also observed in the water-saturated samples but resulted in a net decrease in room-temperature conductivity of less than 3%. These results highlight the importance of duplicating in-situ conditions when determining thermal conductivity for the deep crust.
Trace fossils in upper cretaceous argillaceous marine facies of the U.S. Western interior

Abstract Argillaceous strata of the Greenhorn and Niobrara depositional cycles contain an extensive, though spottily developed, record of tracemaking organisms. These beds are assignable to five facies, four of which represent the gradation from nearshore sandy shales to far offshore calcareous shales, the fifth representing anoxic or nearly anoxic bottom conditions. In strata studied by us the best potential for trace fossil preservation was in deposits characterized by pronounced textural variation, such as shales with sandstone interbeds, shales with thin lenses of siltstone or sandstone, or sandy and silty shales (= mudstones). In pure clayey shales and calcareous shales, trace fossils are preserved best in concretionary structures. Our study suggests that except for shales rich in organics, trace-making organisms were common and widespread in argillaceous muds of the Western Interior. Initial fluidity, high degree of compaction, and textural homogeneity are principal reasons for the poor record of trace makers in pure, clayey shales.
Molecular rotations in CO/N2/Ar quadrupole glass: Dielectric study

Abstract The results of dielectric spectroscopy on solid CO/N2/Ar solutions are presented. The solutions should form a quadrupole glass similar to N2/Ar with the advantage that the molecular reorientations of CO can be followed dielectrically. Dielectric dispersion and loss indicate that the CO reorientation rate slows down through audio frequencies from 15 K to below 4 K. There is a distribution of the reorientation rates approximately six decades wide. The mean reorientation rates depend on temperature according to the activated rate expression with reasonable attempt frequencies. This suggests that the reorientations are not part of a co-operative slowing, as occurs in ordinary glasses. The data is discussed in light of previous suggestions on the roles of kinetics and ordering in this and similar systems: H2, N2/Ar, and KCN/KBr.
High prevalence of orthostatic hypotension and its correlation with potentially causative medications among elderly veterans

Summary Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined as a reduction of systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg from a sitting to a standing position. It is a common physical finding among older adults and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Use of medications that have the potential to induce OH, particularly concomitant use of several of such medications, is a major factor for the development of OH. Objectives: To describe the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic OH in veterans aged 75 years and older attending a geriatric clinic, and to assess the association between OH and the number of potentially causative medications used. Methods: Charts of all patients who attended a VA geriatric clinic (Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center) during the period of 1 June 2002 to 1 June 2003 were reviewed retrospectively for (i) the use of potentially causative medications, i.e. medications that were reported to cause OH in at least 1% of the general population and that were available in the VA formulary, (ii) the presence or absence of OH, and (iii) the presence or absence of symptomatic OH. Patients with primary autonomic dysfunction, Parkinson's disease, and patients who were unable to stand, or who had no assessment for both sitting and standing blood pressure for other reasons were excluded. Results: A total of 505 individual patients attended the clinic during the study period, and 342 patients fit the inclusion criteria. About 189 of these patients (55%) had OH. Among patients with OH, 61 patients (33%) were symptomatic, including 52 patients who had falls. The prevalence of OH in patients receiving zero, one, two, and three or more potentially causative medications was 35, 58, 60 and 65% respectively. Receiving hydrochlorothiazide was associated with the highest prevalence of OH (65%), followed by receiving lisinopril (60%), trazodone (58%), furosemide (56%) and terazosin (54%). Conclusion: The prevalence of OH is very high in older veterans and significantly related to the number of concurrent causative medications used. Providers should be educated to reduce the amount of potentially causative medications in the elderly and better assess patients in which use of such medications is necessary to avoid symptomatic OH.
Coupled heat and mass transport and chemical kinetic rate limitations during coal rapid pyrolysis

Devolatilization of two eastern bituminous coals was studied under rapid heating conditions (∼104 K/s) in an entrained flow furnace. Experiments were conduced overa range of thermal flux conditions by varying the composition of the coal entraining, medium. Observed pyrolysis rates were dominated by the that transfer characteristics of the entraining gases. Experimental and numerical evidence presented illustrates the role of thermal transport during devolatilization. Chemical kinetic and certain and certain mass ransport mechanisms are intrinsically coupled with the thermal transport process. Coal particle temperatures therefore are a function of the heat flux and the instantaneous pyrolysis rate, with the rate being exponentially coupled to the temperature. This coupling obscures the resolution of coal particle-temperature history and complicates the interpretation of devolatilization behavior. It is suggested that relatively large discrepancies in reported devolatilization rates arise because, in general, no provisions are made to account for coupled chemical, mass, and thermal transport processes.
The mathematical development of the classical ellipsoids

Research on the mathematical theory of rotating liquid masses of ellipsoidal shape began with Newton and has continued to the present. The monograph by Chandrasekhar (Chandra) summarizes much of this research as of 1968. The present paper reviews the subject, including some of the developments of the past thirty years.
Secularization and Gender: an Historical Approach To Women and Religion in the Twentieth Century

In 1916, James Leuba, a psychology professor at Bryn Mawr College, published a lengthy study documenting belief and unbelief among university professors and their students. The findings dismayed some and cheered others; according to Leuba's survey, as men progressed up the academic ladder, their religious beliefs slowly disappeared. The most eminent scholars and scientists appeared to be the most secular. What Leuba also found, but chose not to analyze in depth, was that unbelief correlated with gender. Among college men, 56 percent professed belief in a personal God, and 31 percent saw God as imper sonal (Leuba's terminology). Among women, however, 82 percent believed that God was personal, and only 11 percent impersonal. Despite the existence of other parallel studies indicating similar dis parities between men and women, Leuba ignored the potential sig nificance of this evidence other than to dismiss the religiosity of fe male college students as a sign of intellectual immaturity. During their adolescent years, he hypothesized, young women—but not young men—found their "desires for intellectual freedom and for a rational organization of opinions and conduct ... effectively balked ... by the tender ties of home and the authority of the church" (Leuba 1916: 186, 201, 283-84). Even in college women, a highly motivated and intelligent lot, domesticized piety won out over critical thinking. In spite of Leuba's obvious condescension toward his female sub jects, the suggestion that women and men experience secularization in different ways is worth pursuing in more detail. For the past 200 years, for example, statistics on American religious adherence show consistent female majorities. Women are much more apt to form religious voluntary institutions, to be missionaries, to be consumers of religious books and periodicals. To be sure, the: gender disparity raises as many questions about male irreligiosity as it does about female religiosity, and, in that sense, offers a constant temptation toward hasty moral judgments.
Efficient estimation of population quantiles in general semiparametric regression models

The problem of quantile estimation in general semiparametric regression models is considered. We derive plug-in kernel-based estimators, investigate their asymptotic distribution and establish the semiparametric efficiency of these estimators under mild assumptions. We apply our methodology in an example in nutritional epidemiology. The generalization to the important case where responses are missing at random is also addressed.
An evaluation of a self-generated identification code

We describe a self-generated coding form used in a study of HIV prevention practices of college students and provide information on the success rate of matching questionnaires over a 3-year period using the form. The data for this study were from a longitudinal study of HIV risk-reduction practices of college students. In order to match questionnaires over the 3-year study period while maintaining anonymity, participants were asked to complete a self-generated identification form at each data collection point. In the second year of the project, we were able to successfully match 74.3% of the questionnaires to those returned during the first year using 6 to 8 of the code elements on the form, and in the third year, we were able to match 73% of questionnaires to those returned in the second year. Participants for whom questionnaires matched were more likely than participants with unmatched questionnaires to be white students enrolled as underclassmen.
Stimulation-produced and stress-induced analgesia: cross-tolerance between opioid forms

Abstract Electrical stimulation of medial brainstem sites produces potent analgesia in rats that is either opioid- or non-opioid-mediated depending on the specific brain region stimulated. Footshock stress also causes opioid and non-opioid forms of analgesia in rats depending on the exact parameters of footshock administered. We now report that opioid, but not non-opioid, stress analgesia demonstrates cross-tolerance with opioid, but not non-opioid, stimulation-produced analgesia. This finding suggest that opioid forms of stimulation-produced and stress-induced analgesia share a common substrate.
Bioavailability of morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone following buccal administration in cats.

Buccal administration of buprenorphine is commonly used to treat pain in cats. It has been argued that absorption of buprenorphine through the buccal mucosa is high, in part due to its pKa of 8.24. Morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone have a pKa between 8 and 9. This study characterized the bioavailability of these drugs following buccal administration to cats. Six healthy adult female spayed cats were used. Buccal pH was measured prior to drug administration. Morphine sulfate, 0.2 mg/kg IV or 0.5 mg/kg buccal; methadone hydrochloride, 0.3 mg/kg IV or 0.75 mg/kg buccal; hydromorphone hydrochloride, 0.1 mg/kg IV or 0.25 mg/kg buccal; or oxymorphone hydrochloride, 0.1 mg/kg IV or 0.25 mg/kg buccal were administered. All cats received all treatments. Arterial blood was sampled immediately prior to drug administration and at various times up to 8 h thereafter. Bioavailability was calculated as the ratio of the area under the time–concentration curve following buccal administration to that following IV administration, each indexed to the administered dose. Mean ± SE (range) bioavailability was 36.6 ± 5.2 (12.7–49.5), 44.2 ± 7.9 (18.7–70.5), 22.4 ± 6.9 (6.4–43.4), and 18.8 ± 2.0 (12.9–23.5)% for buccal administration of morphine, methadone, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone, respectively. Bioavailability of methadone was significantly higher than that of oxymorphone.
Follow-up chest radiographs after traumatic pneumothorax or hemothorax in the outpatient setting: A retrospective review

Abstract PURPOSE: To evaluate the need for obtaining postdischarge chest radiographs for trauma patients who were treated with a thoracostomy tube. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was conducted for all patients treated with a thoracostomy tube while admitted to the trauma service at Saint Louis University Hospital over a 12-month period. Patients who died during their hospital stay were excluded. RESULTS: During the 12-month study period, 155 trauma patients who were treated with a thoracostomy tube were discharged from the hospital. The indications for the thoracostomy tube were pneumothorax (n = 79, 51% of study population), hemopneumothorax (n = 34, 22%), hemothorax (n = 28, 18%), diaphragmatic rupture/laceration (n = 8, 5%), post thoracotomy (n = 4, 3%), and iatrogenic pneumothorax (n = 2, 1%). A follow-up clinic visit was scheduled for 1 to 2 weeks after discharge. Forty patients (26%) were lost to follow-up. Two patients called to report they had no symptoms and canceled their appointments. A total of 113 patients returned for follow-up appointments. Fifty-two patients had a predischarge chest radiograph that was negative for pneumothorax or hemothorax, had no symptoms, had normal results of a physical examination at the time of their clinic visit, and did not have a postdischarge chest radiograph. A total of 61 (54%) had postdischarge chest radiographs. Of that number, 56 (92%) were negative for pneumothorax. Three patients (5%) had a small pneumothorax, and 2 patients (3%) were noted to have a resolving hemathorax. All 5 patients were without symptoms and were released from the trauma service. CONCLUSION: A postdischarge chest radiograph is not indicated for an asymptomatic trauma patient who was treated with a tube thoracostomy and had a predischarge chest radiograph that was negative for pneumothorax or hemothorax.
Abstracting for the writer

The author feels that abstracting offers the writer of reports unique intrinsic values, making him a better disciplined writer. One value derives as he analyzes the relationships, totality, order, and import of his ideas. Another arises as he shows through transitions those analyzed characteristics of his ideas. These values are cumulative.
Identity in 4D

Four-dimensionalists offer a unified picture of various puzzles about identity over time, including the puzzle of fission, the puzzle of constitution and the puzzle of undetached parts. What unifies the four-dimensionalist approaches to these puzzles is the possibility of temporal overlap—the possibility for distinct continuants to share a common temporal part, or stage. I claim that the unified picture is inconsistent, if there are informative criteria of identity over time. I will show that while temporal overlap is compatible with four-dimensionalist criteria of diachronic composition, temporal overlap is incompatible with any four-dimensionalist criteria of diachronic identity.
A general analysis of multicomponent mass transfer with simultaneous reversible chemical reactions in multiphase systems

Abstract A general analysis is presented for describing the dynamics of multicomponent mass transport with simultaneous reversible or irreversible first-order chemical reactions in particulate systems consisting of large numbers of drops, bubbles or solid particles with residence time and particle size distributions. The method of approach and the general fundamental formulations are demonstrated by using matrix notation and appropriate transformations. The resulting partial differential equations for multicomponent, multiphase systems are first decoupled and then transformed into ordinary differential equations by employing an integral operator whose kernel takes into account the residence time distributions. Interaction among neighbor particles are taken into account by appropriate boundary conditions corresponding to an ensemble of spherical cell models. The total average transfer rates from the entire particle population are evaluated in terms of reaction rate constants, diffusivities, partition coefficients, average residence times, dispersed-phase holdup fraction and particle size distribution. The results of this general analysis are useful in predicting the yields and effluent concentrations of reacting dispersed systems as a function of the physical and operating variables. The practical application of the general solution presented is illustrated for the two-phase continuous stirred tank reactor and for the case of a three-component dispersed system undergoing pseudosteady-state diffusion in both phases with simultaneous reversible reaction in the continuous phase. One interesting general conclusion from this analysis is that the error involved in assuming a uniform particle size in lieu of a distribution of sizes is small when calculating total average transfer rates. It is found also that a reversal of the transfer may take place under certain conditions which depend on the average residence time and the relative raes of the backward to the forward reactions.
A STUDY OF THE THERAPEUTIC MECHANISM OF ANTI-PNEUMOCOCCIC SERUM ON THE EXPERIMENTAL DERMAL PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN RABBITS : III. THE INFLUENCE OF NON-SPECIFIC FACTORS.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether or not non-specific agents were capable of exerting any influence on the response of pneumococcus-infected animals to specific serum therapy. It has been demonstrated in these experiments that whereas gold (empirically chosen) by itself had very little effect either on the course or the outcome of the experimental pneumococcus infection, it is nevertheless capable of exerting a definite and marked beneficial effect in rabbits treated with a subeffective dose of the specific antiserum. Of the rabbits treated with the subeffective dose of serum alone, 71 per cent died and only 29 per cent survived; the additional administration of gold reversed this death-survival ratio with the result that of a large group of rabbits which received the combined therapy, 77 per cent survived and only 23 per cent died.
Novel red–blue dichroic glass containing copper nanocrystals

Abstract Copper ruby glasses are commonly produced by dissolving copper in glass (also containing a reducing agent) under relatively reducing conditions to stabilize Cu + , followed by a heat treatment to generate the characteristic red color attributed to a colloidal dispersion of Cu 0 particulates. This study produced copper ruby glasses in a one-step synthesis; 0.1–0.2 wt% copper was included in an alkali borosilicate glass that was synthesized at a very reducing atmosphere. The classic red coloration was directly generated by the colloidal dispersion of elemental copper nanoparticles, (Cu 0 ) n , that formed without further heat treatment. Addition of europium to the copper-containing glass melts led to dramatic spectral changes, with the europium addition not only affecting the amount of elemental copper but also the size of these copper particulates. The net result was the production of a dichroic glass that was ruby red in reflected light and blue in transmitted light. This dichroism was stable only over a certain range of copper nanoparticle sizes, unique to particular Cu/Eu ratios in the glass and optimized at 1150 °C in the alkali borosilicate composition.
Baryon-pion couplings from large-Nc QCD

Abstract We derive a set of consistency conditions for the pion-baryon coupling constants in the large-Nc limit of QCD. The consitency conditions have a unique solution which are precisely the values for the pion-baryon coupling constants in the Skyrme model. We also prove that non-relativistic SU(2Nf spin-flavor symmetry (where Nf is the number of light flavors) is a symmetry of the baryon-pion couplings in the large-Nc limit of QCD. The symmetry breaking corrections to the pion-baryon couplings vanish to firts order in 1 N c . Consistency conditions for the other couplings, such as the magnetic moments are also derived.
Program diversity in higher education : an economic perspective

Program diversity in academic systems has become an important goal of higher education policy in many countries. Policy makers assume that a diverse academic system will better satisfy public preferences and needs and lead to greater social and economic benefits for society. While these assumptions adopt a recognizably economic perspective, very little of the literature on program diversity in higher education applies economic theory or methods as a means of framing relevant research. The article suggests that an economic perspective would define and measure academic diversity in terms of program innovation in academic institutions, not only in teaching, research and public service activities, but also in the processes of production and markets served. An economic perspective can also provide valuable theoretical frameworks for exploring the important question as to whether and how markets or governments affect program innovation in higher education.
Ferroelectric ceramic-plastic composites for piezoelectric and pyroelectric applications

Abstract Consideration of the influence of crystal symmetry, macrosymmetry, and inter-phase connectivity have been used to explore possible macrostructures of interest as piezoelectric or pyroelectric composites. Based on these design considerations, ceramic-plastic composites have been fabricated with 3–3 phase connectivity by the replication of natural template structures such as coral. Composites prepared in this way have piezoelectric 933 and 9h coefficients more than an order of magnitude higher than the coefficients of the homogeneously poled ferroelectric ceramic. Large voltage coefficients were also obtained from 3–1 piezoelectric composites made by embedding PZT fiber arrays in epoxy cement. Processing methods are described for producing straight and helical piezoelectric fibers by both extrusion and casting of PZT slips. Pyroelectric measurements on ceramic-plastic composites led to two interesting results: thermal expansion mismatch between the two phases can couple to the piezoelectric coeffic...
State of the Art: Hydrogen storage

Hydrogen is often considered to be the ultimate energy source for vehicles. However, if hydrogen is to fuel practical vehicles, then the development of fuel cell and hydrogen fueled engine technology must be accompanied by significant improvements in hydrogen storage techniques. Compressed hydrogen storage tanks, liquid hydrogen storage tanks, and containment systems for hydrides are examined to compare their advantages, disadvantages, and potential for onboard and stationary hydrogen storage systems. Each technique reviewed possesses specific shortcomings; thus, none can adequately satisfy the requirements of a hydrogen based economy.
Delay of punishment in passive avoidance conditioning.

eral principles are to be obtained. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide another test of the effects of the delay of punishment on learning using a one-trial passive avoidance technique with mice. Ss were 114 female CF1 albino mice, approximately 9 wk, old, and were trained in a two-chambered box where they could receive a single punishing shock after stepping spontaneously from a small lighted compartment into a larger darkened one (7). Ss were randomly assigned to nine groups, receiving the shock at 0-sec., 30-sec., 1-min., 2-min., 4min., and 8-min. delay intervals after the stepping response. Twenty-four hours after this learning trial the animals were again placed in the lighted compartment for retest and the latencies of stepping into the darkened chamber were measured. Animals tarrying longer than 300 sec. were removed.
Simultaneous blockade of Fc gamma receptors and indirect labeling of mouse lymphocytes by the selective detection of allotype-restricted epitopes on the kappa chain of rat monoclonal antibodies.

Background Incubation of mouse hemopoietic cells with rat monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgG class sometimes results in Fc-region mediated binding of immunoglobulins by Fc-receptors. This unwanted binding can be prevented by preincubation of target cells with the rat anti-mouse anti-CD16/32 (2.4G2) mAb. Methods To avoid the cross-reactivity of fluorochrome-conjugated secondary anti-rat antibodies with the Fc-receptor blocking 2.4G2, direct fluorochrome-conjugated immunoglobulins need to be used. However, we report that a mouse mAb (MRC OX12) with a strong rat Igka allotype preference can be used for flow cytometric measurements in conjunction with unlabeled rat mAbs with the simultaneous blockade of Fcγ receptors by the 2.4G2 mAb. Results and Discussion This lack of reactivity of OX12 against the 2.4G2 mAb is remarkable, as it could efficiently detect another Sprague-Dawley–derived rat mAb. This staining procedure (unlabeled rat mAb of the appropriate strain detected by OX12 mAb in the presence of 2.4G2 IgG) is an attractive alternative to using direct antibody conjugates, while satisfying the need for an effective Fcγ-receptor blockade. Cytometry 47:107–110, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Native and in vitro-associated phycobilisomes of Nostoc sp. Composition, energy transfer, and effect of antibodies

Abstract The relationship of the structure and function of the light-harvesting antennae in the blue-green alga Nostoc sp. was further elucidated by reconstitution experiments. Separated phycoerythrin-phycocyanin complexes and allophycocyanin fractions were reassociated as described earlier (Canaani, O., Lipschultz, C.A. and Gantt, E. (1980) FEBS Lett. 115, 225–229) into functional phycobilisomes with a 70% yield. Native and reassociated physobilisomes had molar ratios of about 1.4:1.1:1.0 of phycoerythrin:phycocyanin:allophycocyanim. Energy transfer was demonstrated by their fluorescence emission maximum at approx. 675 nm (20°C), and their excitation spectra (emission wavelength 680 nm) which reflected the contribution of the three constitutive phycobiliproteins. Scans of Coomassie blue-stained SDS-polyacrylamide gels showed that the polypeptide composition of native and reassociated phycobilisomes was virtually indistinguishable. Reassociation of phycobilisomes was dependent on the interaction of allophycocyanin and phycocyanin, because it could be blocked with antisera to phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, but not to phycoerythrin. In addition, reassociation did not occur when a 31 000 Da polypeptide, which is part of the phycoerythrin-phycocyanin complex, was reduced in size (by 4000 Da). These results suggest that at least two domains are required for functional reassociation of phycobilisomes involving phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.
Knowledge of state-level abortion laws and regulations among reproductive health care providers.

Abstract Objective To assess the accuracy of knowledge of state-level abortion laws and regulations among clinicians who provide reproductive health care. Methods Members of several reproductive health professional organizations completed a self-administered survey. Respondents were asked if laws and regulations were present in their state. Responses were graded according to the Guttmacher Institute's monthly publication State Policies in Brief: An Overview of Abortion Laws . Results Three hundred forty-one surveys were completed. Fifty-nine respondents met exclusion criteria and were excluded. Of the remaining 282, most (80.1%) were physicians, and over half (55.0%) reported currently providing abortion services. Most (86.5%) considered themselves to be informed about abortion laws and regulations in their state. Knowledge of laws and regulations involving spousal involvement, mandatory waiting periods, and availability of private insurance coverage was high (77.0%–86.2%). Receiving reminders of state abortion laws and regulations was associated with significantly more accurate knowledge of parental notification and spousal consent laws, mandatory waiting periods, and availability of Medicaid and private insurance coverage (all p Conclusion Clinicians who provide reproductive health care had highly accurate knowledge of some abortion laws and regulations, but less accurate knowledge of others. Reminders of laws and regulations may increase knowledge among clinicians. Given the importance of accurate information, evaluation of mechanisms to increase knowledge of abortion laws and regulations may be warranted.
DEAD-box helicases: Posttranslational regulation and function

Helicases are enzymes that can separate duplex oligonucleotides in a NTP-dependent fashion and are essential in all aspects of DNA and RNA metabolism. Amino acid sequence analysis identified several conserved sequence motifs in DNA and RNA helicases allowing their classification into 5 major groups (Super families SF1–SF5) [1]. DExD/H helicases share eight conserved sequence motifs, whereas the DEAD box helicase subgroup has an additional ninth conserved sequence motif [2]. These sequence motifs encompass an approximately 300–400 amino acid core region involved in ATP-binding/hydrolysis and RNA binding (Part 2: Figure 1A). Structural analyses of several DEAD-box proteins show this core region forms two RecA-like globular domains [2]. Open in a separate window Figure 1 Human DEAD-box protein (DDX) posttranslational modifications and protein-protein interactions A schematic representation of the DDX protein domain architecture features the conserved central DEAD-box core region along with the unique flanking N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Above shows the number of posttranslational documented in Table 1 with respect to their location within the DDX protein. Below lists known DDX-binding proteins, as well as where the interaction occurs on their respective DDX open reading frame.
Psychiatrist–consumer relationships in US public mental health care: consumers’ views of a disability system

The US public mental health system is a disability system. By this is meant that public programs for people with mental illness serve consumers who are seriously and chronically ill, functionally disabled and eligible for benefits by virtue of their disability. This study explores, through focus groups and qualitative data analysis, the perceptions of these consumers of their relationships with public sector psychiatrists. Thematic analysis finds relationships of three types – compliance, collaboration and contention – and constituent sub‐themes that specify these further. Issues of poverty and powerlessness arise in every category, but especially in contentious relationships. Although the converse is widely believed to be true, this paper argues that the economic and political empowerment of people with psychiatric disabilities is vital to the success of their clinical care
Structure of the visual system of the two-spotted spider-mite, Tetranychus urticae

The pair of eyes on each side of Tetranychus urticae consists of fifteen retinular cells, six pigment cells, six corneal cells, and one vitreous cell. Five rhabdomeres lie beneath the anterior lens, twelve beneath the posterior lens. The pigment and corneal cells appear to determine the positions at which rhabdomeres occur. The volumes of all rhabdomeres have been measured. A pair of fibrous masses are associated with tendons at the dorsal apodemes; the nerves of these ‘apodemal organs’ join the optic nerves en route to the brain. There are a pair of optic neuropiles, each surmounted by a large secretory cell.
A Mung Bean Assay for Malformin-induced Growth Stimulation

A bioassay employing green or etiolated cuttings of Phaseolus aureus Roxb. was developed for determining malformin-induced growth stimulation in light. Growth enhancement of green cuttings was more rapid and relatively greater than that of etiolated cuttings. Cuttings from green seedlings responded less as seedlings aged; those from etiolated seedlings responded more. Malformin also stimulated the growth of green or etiolated seedlings in light. Most growth enhancement induced by malformin occurred in the upper 1 cm of the stem. Using green cuttings, malformin stimulated stem elongation relatively more when cotyledons, leaves, or especially apical buds were removed. Although malformin failed to stimulate elongation of 2-cm stem sections “floated” on solutions in Petri dishes, it stimulated elongation of sections when they were upright. High concentrations of indoleacetic acid inhibited growth enhancement by malformin. When gibberellin and malformin were combined, growth enhancement was nearly additive.
Space exploration policy: Towards an operational vision☆

Abstract This article examines the historical and social context of space exploration policy. It seeks to reconcile a contradiction between the visionary grandeur of space and public perceptions of space exploration as the province of a narrowly-focused political interest group. The author argues that perceptions of the space age are artificially restricted by dating its origins to Sputnik and Apollo and allowing it to be dominated by science and technology objectives devoid of a more encompassing social framework. Guiding principles for developing space exploration activities in a broader conceptual and operational framework are offered.
β-Glucosylation of plant phenolics by phenol β-glucosyltransferase in larval tissues of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.)

Activity of phenol β-glucosyltransferase (PGT) in labial gland and fat body tissue preparations from feeding 5th stadium larval tobacco hornworms, Manduca sexta, towards a variety of plant phenolics was determined by HPLC analysis of the β-glucoside product formed. The enzymes in the 15,000 g fractions of tissue homogenates with uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose as a cofactor showed a wide range of activity in conjugating simple mono-, di-, and triphenols; phenolic acids, aldehydes, and alcohols; and coumarins and flavonoids. Highest specific activity of both labial glan and fat body enzyme preparations occured with diphenol substrates such as catechol, hydroquinone, and vanillin, whereas lowest activities generally were observed with flavonoid substrates. The labial gland PGT had higher specific activity for the simple phenolic substrates than did the fat body enzyme. However, the coumarins and flavonoids were glucosylated at nearly the same rates by both enzyme preparations. Although the functions of PGT in labial glands and fat body are unknown, evidence from this study suggests that they could be important in conjugating a number of potentially toxic plant phenols occuring in the larval diet.
Connection and protection of capacitor banks

THE FACT that capacitors are built in units of 25 or 15 kilovars for power circuits makes possible variety of groupings of these convenient “building blocks” to form large banks. The arrangement in which the capacitor units are connected in a 3-phase bank and the type of protective arrangement used may influence the cost of the installation; these factors will certainly have an important bearing on its operation and on the operation of its associated protective devices under fault conditions.
The crack problem in a specially orthotropic shell with double curvature

The crack problem of a shallow shell with two nonzero curvatures is considered. It is assumed that the crack lies in one of the principal planes of curvature and the shell is under Mode I loading condition. The material is assumed to be specially orthotropic. After giving the general formulation of the problem the asymptotic behavior of the stress state around the crack tip is examined. The analysis is based on Reissner's transverse shear theory. Thus, as in the bending of cracked plates, the asymptotic results are shown to be consistent with that obtained from the plane elasticity solution of crack problems. Rather extensive numerical results are obtained which show the effect of material orthotropy on the stress intensity factors in cylindrical and spherical shells and in shells with double curvature. Other results include the stress intensity factors in isotropic toroidal shells with positive or negative curvature ratio, the distribution of the membrane stress resultant outside the crack, and the influence of the material orthotropy on the angular distribution of the stresses around the crack tip.
Three-cocycle in mathematics and physics.

It is shown that the three-cocycle arises when a representation of a transformation group is nonassociative, so that the Jacobi identity fails. A physical setting is given: When the translation group in the presence of a magnetic monopole is represented by gauge-invariant operators, a (trivial) three-cocycle occurs. Insisting that finite translations be associative leads to Dirac's monopole quantization condition. Attention is called to the possible relevance of three-cocycles in the quark model's U(6) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(6) algebra.
Changing Function of Symbolism in Design of Korean Silk Textiles

The focus of this research was to investigate the changing function of symbolism in design of Korean silk fabrics for dress which were woven between 1875 and 1975. Photographs of silk samples were collected according to motif categories from Korean University museums, a private collection, and silk manufacturing companies. These were examined with regard to design changes in the areas of (1) types of motifs, (2) combinations of motifs, (3) configurations of motifs, (4) organization of motifs, and (5) visual importance of motifs, with regard to symbolism. The major findings of the study were as follows: Types and combinations of motifs used in Korean silk fabrics during the 1875–1975 period underwent change from symbolic to non-symbolic in nature. Naturalistic and stylized configura tions of motifs dominate the Korean silk designs. Motif-oriented pattern arrangement dominates the organization of motif due to the emphasis placed on the symbolic character of individual motifs, although the number of pattern-oriented arrangements has increased in recent years. The findings indicate that the concept of design has changed from symbolic to decorative type.
Approaching Hong Sang-soo

Following his first film, the four-part The Day a Pig Fell into a Well (Dwaejiga Umure Ppajin Nal), released in 1996, Hong Sang-soo wrote and directed a number of films consisting of two separate b...
Structure of 2-methylisoborneol synthase from Streptomyces coelicolor and implications for the cyclization of a noncanonical C-methylated monoterpenoid substrate.

The crystal structure of 2-methylisoborneol synthase (MIBS) from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has been determined in complex with substrate analogues geranyl-S-thiolodiphosphate and 2-fluorogeranyl diphosphate at 1.80 and 1.95 A resolution, respectively. This terpenoid cyclase catalyzes the cyclization of the naturally occurring, noncanonical C-methylated isoprenoid substrate, 2-methylgeranyl diphosphate, to form the bicyclic product 2-methylisoborneol, a volatile C11 homoterpene alcohol with an earthy, musty odor. While MIBS adopts the tertiary structure of a class I terpenoid cyclase, its dimeric quaternary structure differs from that previously observed in dimeric terpenoid cyclases from plants and fungi. The quaternary structure of MIBS is nonetheless similar in some respects to that of dimeric farnesyl diphosphate synthase, which is not a cyclase. The structures of MIBS complexed with substrate analogues provide insights regarding differences in the catalytic mechanism of MIBS and the mechanisms of ...
Spin dynamics in electrochemically charged CdSe quantum dots

We use time-resolved Faraday rotation to measure coherent spin dynamics in colloidal CdSe quantum dots charged in an electrochemical cell at room temperature. Filling of the $1{S}_{\mathrm{e}}$ electron level is demonstrated by the bleaching of the $1{S}_{\mathrm{e}}\ensuremath{-}1{S}_{3∕2}$ absorption peak. One of the two Land\'e $g$ factors observed in uncharged quantum dots disappears upon filling of the $1{S}_{\mathrm{e}}$ electron state. The transverse spin-coherence time, which is over $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$ and is limited by inhomogeneous dephasing, also appears to increase with charging voltage. The amplitude of the spin precession signal peaks near the half-filling potential. Its evolution at charging potentials without any observable bleaching of the $1{S}_{\mathrm{e}}\ensuremath{-}1{S}_{3∕2}$ transition suggests that the spin dynamics are influenced by low-energy surface states.
Thermosonic imaging of cracks: applications to teeth

A novel nondestructive imaging technique, thermosonics, which combines ultrasonic/sonic excitation and advanced infrared imaging, will be described. In this paper, the authors will illuminate the physical principles underlining this technique, and demonstrate its applications to detection of cracks in teeth.
Effect of bovine serum albumin on passive transfer of immunoglobulin G1 to newborn calves.

Abstract The molecular mechanism in the intestine of newborn calves that results in transfer of intact colostral immunoglobulin from the lumen to the circulation also is capable of transferring a variety of non-immunoglobulin macromolecules. If the capacity of this mechanism is limited, transfer of a large amount of non-immunoglobulin protein may interfere with transfer of immunoglobulin. In this experiment, efficiency of IgG1 transfer in newborn calves was reduced from 59 to 36% by the addition of bovine serum albumin (37 mg ml−1) to colostral whey, while the addition of a similar mass of amino acids in the form of acid hydrolyzed casein (37 mg ml−1) did not detectably alter IgG1 transfer. Reduced IgG1 absorption efficiency in calves fed colostrum with added bovine serum albumin is consistent with a limited capacity for the macromolecular transport mechanism in the intestine of newborn calves.
Charged-particle decay and suppression of primordial power on small scales.

We study the suppression of the small-scale power spectrum due to the decay of charged matter to dark matter prior to recombination. Prior to decay, the charged particles couple to the photon-baryon fluid and participate in its acoustic oscillations. However, after these charged particles decay to neutral dark matter, the photon-baryon fluid is coupled only gravitationally to the newly created dark matter. This generically leads to suppression of power on length scales that enter the horizon prior to decay. For decay times of ~3.5 yr this leads to suppression of power on subgalactic scales, bringing the observed number of galactic substructures in line with observation. Decay times of a few years are possible if the dark matter is purely gravitationally interacting, such as the gravitino in supersymmetric models or a massive Kaluza-Klein graviton in models with universal extra dimensions.
Thickness of diamond-like carbon coatings quantified with Raman spectroscopy

Abstract A model is developed for quantifying the thickness of thin coatings and wear scars using Raman spectroscopy. The model, which assumes that both incident and Raman light obey Beer's law, was applied to Raman spectra from a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating containing Si and O, known as DLN (diamond-like nanocomposite). The coatings ranged in thickness from 10 nm to 2 μm, according to stylus profilometry. Systematic variations in the Raman carbon (G band) and Si (1st order) peak intensities vs. thickness were found. Fits to the model gave an optical mean free path of λ∼250 nm for DLN. This value is in good agreement with optical absorption coefficient values of other DLC films. Thickness profiles of wear tracks in the coatings determined by the model compared well with depths determined by profilometry.
Conjoint Analysis in Marketing: New Developments with Implications for Research and Practice:

The authors update and extend their 1978 review of conjoint analysis. In addition to discussing several new developments, they consider alternative approaches for measuring preference structures in...
Participation of adolescent girls in a study of sexual behaviors: balancing autonomy and parental involvement.

Study Objective The process of research with adolescents should balance parental involvement and adolescent autonomy. The attendance of parents and peers at research study visits of girls participating in a 6-month study of topical microbicide acceptability is described, as well as the participants’ conversations with their parents.
Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of lymphangiomyomatosis. A case report.

Background Lymphangiomyomatosis is a rare disease of females, usually of reproductive age. There is a proliferation of lymphatic smooth muscle in mediastinal, retroperitoneal and often pulmonary lymphatics and lymph nodes. Case A 45-year-old female presented with a right pleural effusion and increasing retroperitoneal adenopathy with palpable left inguinal adenopathy. Three months previously she had undergone a right salpingo-oophrectomy for an ovarian fibroma with concomitant left ovarian wedge biopsy, myomectomy for leiomyomas and partial omentectomy. Three years previously, at age 42, she had experienced two transient episodes of chylous pleural effusion with no sequelae. She underwent computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration of a 4-cm inguinal lymph node to rule out lymphoma. Conclusion Fine needle aspiration of lymphangiomyomatosis yields distinctive cytologic morphology. This characteristic morphology, in combination with the appropriate history, permits a minimally invasive, timely and in this particular case, entirely unexpected diagnosis.