cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geriatric dental education and training in the United States: 1995 White Paper findings

“As the 21st century quickly approaches with an expansive geriatric population growth, are we adequately preparing health professionals to address patient needs? Will there be a shortage of competent clinicians and proficient faculty? Is there a proposed agenda to improve educational outcomes, clinical expertise, and oral health status of older adults? These and related concerns have prompted a focused geriatric education project within the United States. The Bureau of Health Professions (BHPr) of the Health Resources and Services Administration has provided the impetus and leadership through the Geriatric Education Futures Project. Dentistry is one of eleven disciplines invited to participate in this important effort which also includes medicine, nursing, social work, public health, allied and associated health, managed care, long-term care, case management, interdisciplinary education, and ethnogeriatrics. The first two phases of this project were: 1) writing White Papers which give “a critical review of the state of the art of geriatric education, project a future response to societal need and provide policy recommendations to achieve the preferred future;” and 2) sponsoring an invitational National Forum on Geriatric Education and Training in the spring of 1995 to present, discuss, and accept the White Paper findings, as well as enlisting broader participation and support from appropriate educational institutions, professional organizations (including the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry and the American Dental Association), government agencies, foundations, consumer organisations, etc. The third phase is ongoing and includes the development of national innovative educational collaboratives, dissemination of the White Papers and related documents, and continued “catalytic activities directed toward the implementation of a national agenda for action in geriatric education.” The complete text of all discipline-specific White Papers can be found in A National Agenda for Geriatric Education, Volume 1: White Papers1. In an effort to more extensively disseminate the findings from the Dentistry White Paper, Gerodontology is reprinting the first two-thirds of the Dentistry White Paper which includes the state of the art in geriatric dental education and future vision needed to meet the needs of older adults, as well as summary identification of the 19 dental policy recommendations (See Table 3). Special Care in Dentistry2 has recently published the complete text of these specific recommendations including the rationale, action required, responsible agents, and expected outcomes. Although some information contained in this White Paper may be specific only to the United States, it is also apparent that much of its content has relevance to gerodontology efforts in industrialised countries throughout the world.”–Bernice A. Parlak and Susan M. Klein (see endnote)
Use of Structured Self-Report Assessment to Diagnose Borderline Personality Disorder during Major Depressive Episodes:

Diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) during episodes of major depression (MDE), although clinically important, is complicated in several respects when using self-report methods. Structured interview data were used to select a group of patients with comorbid BPD (n=21) from a sample of outpatients presenting with MDE. This group was compared with a group of MDE patients without BPD (n=24) and with a group of community controls (n=20) using self-report data from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), the revised Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Analyses revealed that the BPD group obtained significantly higher scores on PAI and PDQ scales measuring features of BPD and on the PAI Negative Impression Management scale. The severity and type of MDE symptoms reported on the PAI and BDI did not differentiate the clinical groups. These data show that useful information for the diagnosis of BPD during depressive episodes can be gathered from self-report assessment instruments like the PAI.
Some selective determinations of iron group elements in the presence of each other by electron spin resonance methods

Abstract The selective determination of iron group elements in the presence of each other by e.s.r., without previous separation is described. The method is based on the difference of g values that exists, and on the use of specific complexations. For the determination of copper, ethylenediamine is used, which by complexation eliminates the spectra of all the iron group elements except copper. For the selective measurement of vanadyl ion in the presence of different ions, EDTA complexation is successfully used. The only ion, besides vanadyl, with a spectrum after reaction with EDTA is copper, but the spectra are separated by their different g values. Some limitations of the measurement methods are shown and discussed.
The influence of video games on executive functions in college students

A limited number of studies exist examining the effect of video game play on executive functions.Studies that exist examining video game play and executive functions neglect female participants and active video game play.Participants who actively played video games for 30min showed improved decision making and problem solving. Video game play can have a negative effect on affect and behavior, but its relationship with cognition has been mixed. Previous research has shown both positive and negative effects of video game play on attention, memory, and other cognitive abilities; however, little research has investigated its effects on executive functions other than working memory. Additionally, most studies have utilized predominantly male samples. The present study sought to examine the effects of active video game play on decision making, problem solving, and risk-taking. Two hundred twenty-eight undergraduate students (114 female) played one of five different video games (n=91) or were part of a separate, no-game control condition (n=137). Scores on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) were then compared. Following active video game play, participants decided more advantageously on the IGT, and made fewer errors and completed more categories on the WCST. No group differences emerged on the BART, and gender did not impact any dependent variables. It appears that active video game play may have positive effects on some executive functions with implications for real-world behavior. Implications for future research are discussed.
The pattern electroretinogram: N95 amplitudes in normal subjects and optic neuritis patients

Abstract Recent work has suggested that the N95 peak of the transient pattern electroretinogram (PERG) may be a more sensitve indicator of the late stages of retinal function prior to optic nerve activation than the P50 peak. In the report, we show that a new measure of N95 amplitude, based on digital filtering methods to identify a non-linear baseline measurement, greatly reduced the amplitude variation in a population of 50 normal subjects when compared with two other plausible measures. We then used that new measure to follow the time course of N95 amplitudes in 12 optic neuritis patients. It was found that mintenance of a normal N95 amplitude at 6 months after onset of optic neuritis was always associated with excellent clinical recovery as measured by visual fields, acuity, presence or absence of an afferent pupil and optic atrophy, and contrast sensitivity (CS). Loss of N95 amplitude to below laboratory limits of normal was associated with abnormalities in these indicators of visual function. This study supports the idea that the N95 peak represents retinal ganglion cell function.
Central venous catheter-related complications in acute myeloid leukemia patients.

Central venous catheter-related complications in acute myeloid leukemia patients all cases. DVT rates were 22% in patients with PICC, 6% with IP and none with Hickman (p=0.002). When divided by age group, thrombosis rates were 9% in patients 55 years of age or older and 17% in those <55 years of age (p=0.29). In conclusion, among AML patients referred to our institution, PICCs were associated with significantly higher rate of DVT compared to IPs and Hickman. There was no statistically significant difference in BSI across the different catheter types. Prospective studies exploring catheterrelated complications in AML patients are warranted.
Inclines and incline matrices: a survey

Inclines are additively idempotent semirings in which products are less than or equal to either factor. Thus they generalize Boolean and fuzzy algebra. We outline results obtained in a book with Cao [Cao, Kim, Roush, Incline Algebra and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1984] on algebraic structure of inclines themselves, matrices over inclines, topological and convergence results, and some applications. This survey paper represents our talk at the 10th annual ILAS conference at Auburn University, June 2002.
Specialized calciferous cells in the marine algaRhodogorgon carriebowensis and their implications for models of red algal calcification

Calcification inRhodogorgon carriebowensis J. Norris et Bucher was associated with a particular cell type in the cortex. Calciferous cells were 4–6 times the length of cortical assimilatory cells. The distal two-thirds of the calcifying cell was invested with a thick wall that stained with periodic acid Schiff. Thick fibrils formed a reticulum and surrounded grains of calcium carbonate that ranged in shape from rhombohedral to subspherical and were up to 200 nm in greatest dimension. The proximal third of the cell was a tapering uncalcified stalk. The narrow base of the cell was attached to the subtending cell of the fascicle by a normal septum with a pit plug. The cell within the calcified wall matrix was usually flattened and had a very small volume. Cellular contents were dense; even when organelles could be discerned, they could not be identified. X-ray microanalysis revealed that other elements commonly found mixed with calcium carbonate are virtually absent from mineral deposits inR. carriebowensis, but electron diffraction study showed d-spacings that varied from those of pure calcite. Current models of red algal calcification are discussed in light of the findings on this alga.
Segmental identity of caudal cuticular features of Drosophila melanogaster larvae and its control by the bithorax complex

This investigation examines the segmental origins of cuticular features of the caudal larva, and the effect on caudal development of mutations and deficiencies of the bithorax complex (BX-C). The posterior tip of the larva is formed by the fusion of abdominal segment 8 (AB8) with two more posterior segments which are presumably abdominal segments 9 and 10; we will refer to the derivatives of AB9 and AB10 as the “telson.” The caudal tip is rich in cuticular features, but their segmental origin is in many cases uncertain. We have analyzed the cuticular morphology of embryos homozygous for “pair-rule” mutations at the paired, odd-skipped, even-skipped, or hairy genes, which cause pattern deletions reiterated along the anterior-posterior axis. By correlating aberrant cuticle patterns in the thorax to those in the telson, we have been able to assign the segmental origin of cuticular features of the telson. This study suggests that AB8 elaborates three pairs of sensilla (the two anterior-most and the dorsal-most pairs), the posterior spiracle and its Filzkorper, and spinule groups both anterior and posterior to the spiracles. The lateral three pairs of sensilla belong to AB9, whereas the anal pads and the ventral pair of sensilla are formed by AB10. Previous studies have indicated that Df(3R)P9 deletes the entire BX-C, and when homozygous results in lethal embryos displaying homoeotic abnormalities in a region extending from the posterior mesothorax through the telson. Studies by others have shown that the centromere-proximal genetic domain of the BX-C (the Ultrabithorax-bithoraxoid region) controls developmental decisions in portions of the thorax and first abdominal segment, whereas the more distal abdominal-A (abd-A, also called iab-2) and Abdominal-B (Abd-B, or iab-7) mutations result in homoeotic changes in the abdomen. We have studied the cuticular morphology of the caudal segments of lethal zygotes lacking portions of the BX-C and of hemizygotes for BX-C mutations. We have observed that the developmental abnormalities of abd-A and Abd-B are restricted to a region anterior to what appears (based on studies of pair-rule mutants) to represent the anterior-posterior compartment boundary of AB8. This observation is consistent with the suggestion that BX-C genes are regulated within developmental units (more recently termed parasegments) comprised of the posterior region of one segment and the contiguous anterior region of the adjacent segment. We have confirmed that lethal larvae hemizygous for lethal right of bithorax (which lies distally in the region deleted by Df(3R)P9) appear cuticularly normal. We suggest that the distal BX-C includes both an abdominal domain including the abd-A+ and Abd-B+ (or iab-2+ through iab-7+) functions and an additional domain (for which no loss of function mutations have been reported) necessary for the normal development of the posterior AB8 and the telson.
Trust and trustworthiness in games: An experimental study of intergenerational advice

This paper investigates the development of conventions of trust in what we call intergenerational games, i.e., games played by a sequence of non-overplapping agents, who pass on advice on how to play the game across adjacent generations of players. Using the trust game of Berg et al. (1995) as our experimental decision problem, advice seems to decrease the amount of trustthat evolves when this game in played in an inter-generational manner in that it decreases the amount of money sent from Senders to Returners. Ironically, advice increases trustworthinessin that Returners tend to send more back. Further, subjects appear to follows conventions of reciprocity in that they tend to Send more if they think the Returners acted in a “kind” manner, where kind means the Sender sent more money than the receiver expected. Finally, while we find a causal relationship running from trustworthiness to trust, the opposite can not be established. We note that many of our results can only be achieved using the tools offered by inter-generational games. The inter-generational advice offered provides information not available when games are played in their static form. Combining that information with elicited beliefs of the Senders and Returners adds even more information that can be used to investigate the motives that subjects have for doing what they do.
Effect of synthesis temperature on the structure, doping level and charge-transport properties of polypyrrole

Abstract Polypyrrole perchlorate was chemically synthesized at various temperatures and the resulting polymers were investigated by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and conductivity measurements. A correlation between conductivity, doping level and synthesis temperature was observed. The doping level of the polymer is higher when the synthesis is conducted at lower temperature. In addition, polypyrrole synthesized at lower temperature exhibits longer conjugation length, fewer structural defects, higher charge-carrier hopping frequency and higher conductivity. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that the positive charges of doped polypyrrole are preferentially localized on the nitrogen atoms which are adjacent to the doping anions, as opposed to being uniformly delocalized along the polymer backbone.
Community-based education and problem solving: the Community Health Scholars Program at the University of Florida.

Background: Although many medical schools understand and support the need for community service as part of educational training, this goal has been difficult to operationalize. Description: The Community Health Scholars program, a joint effort between the Area Health Education Center and the University of Florida, places 1st-year medical students in clinical settings with underserved populations, both rural and urban. The stated goal of the experience is to solve a problem identified by the communities as well as provide exposure to community practice and environment. Evaluation: The program provided notable services to many communities. More than 80% of participating students believed it was a good or excellent learning experience; more than 90% believed that the program affected their career choice; and 100% believed that the program should be continued. Although this is a 1st-year program, students were not surveyed until their last year, suggesting that the program may have a lasting effect. Conclusio...
Decomposition processes prior to detection of the omega phase in aged TiCr alloys

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy has been employed to study the microstructural processes that occur prior to the detection of the isothermal omega phase in beta stabilized TiCr binary alloys. The alloy compositions were selected to provide a suitable incubation period prior to the initiation of the omega phase during isothermal aging. It has been observed that the metastable beta phase undergoes a phase separation reaction, s → s 1 + s 2 prior to the detection of the omega phase in the TiCr alloys. The s 2 precipitate regions produced by this reaction do not act as preferred sites for the subsequent nucleation of the omega phase.
Efficacy and safety of incremental doses of diltiazem for the treatment of stable angina pectoris

The safety and efficacy of incremental doses of diltiazem in treating angina pectoris were assessed in 20 patients with functional class II to III exertional angina. During an initial single-blind dose titration phase, diltiazem produced a dose-related improvement in anginal frequency and exercise capacity. Weekly anginal attacks were reduced to 7.5 ± 8.9, 5.6 ± 7.8 and 4.9 ± 7.3 on diltiazem, 120, 240 and 360 mg per day, respectively, as compared with 11.9 ± 8.7 on placebo (all p During a subsequent double-blind phase, high dose diltiazem significantly reduced weekly anginal frequency when compared with placebo: 3.1 ± 3.0 versus 9.3 ± 7.1 (p
Newgate of Connecticut: Origins and early days of an early American prison

Although Philadelphia's Walnut Street Jail is often credited with being the first American prison, one can make a reasonable case for a number of earlier institutions antedating the Philadelphia facility. The opening of Newgate of Connecticut, situated in an abandoned copper mine in the central part of the colony of Connecticut, anticipated the Jail by almost 20 years. The Connecticut General Assembly authorized the prison in 1773, and it was opened in December of the same year. In view of the general colonial reluctance to punish serious crime with incarceration, the opening of the prison is a significant event. This paper describes the origination of Newgate and its effectiveness in achieving its objectives during its initial year of operation. In addition, the analysis considers Newgate in the context of the major explanatory perspectives in penological theory. The analysis suggests that the origination of Newgate is not explained well by these perspectives, but seems rather to be the result of colony-...
Observer performance using CRT monitors with different phosphors

The goal of this study was to compare observer performance on two monitors -- one with a P45 and the other with a P104 phosphor. Phosphors have distinctly different physical properties that, among other things, affect the noise properties of the display. Differences in noise have an effect on the signal-to-noise ratio, and hence may have a significant affect on observer's detection performance. A complete physical analysis was done on the 2 monitors. A JND study was conducted to measure observer performance. A series of grating patterns was generated for display on the 2 monitors. Observers were instructed to report whether the pattern was vertical, horizontal or blank. Observer performance with the P45 was better than with the P104 phosphor. This result was supported by those found in the physical evaluation, that showed poorer results on various parameter. The results indicate that the type of phosphor does affect the physical aspects, which in turn affects observer performance. Two clinical areas in particular that might be affected by phosphor differences are nodule detection in chest images and mass detection in mammograms, since low contrast targets will be most affected by the noise differences (SNR) in different monitor phosphors.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Studies of thiaminase action: Hammett's ϱσ treatment

Abstract Thiaminase has been isolated from carp, and the rates have been studied as a function of the basicity of a series of substituted anilines. Surprisingly, the rate was found to increase as sigma became smaller until sigma reached 0, and then the rate decreased with increasing negative values of sigma. Two possible explanations are offered for this effect.
Cpd-1 null mice display a subtle neurological phenotype.

Background CPD1 (also known as ANP32-E) belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved acidic proteins with leucine rich repeats implicated in a variety of cellular processes regulating gene expression, vesicular trafficking, intracellular signaling and apoptosis. Because of its spatiotemporal expression pattern, CPD1 has been proposed to play an important role in brain morphogenesis and synaptic development. Methodology/Principal Findings We have generated CPD1 knock-out mice that we have subsequently characterized. These mice are viable and fertile. However, they display a subtle neurological clasping phenotype and mild motor deficits. Conclusions/Significance CPD1 is not essential for normal development; however, it appears to play a role in the regulation of fine motor functions. The minimal phenotype suggests compensatory biological mechanisms.
Failure diagnosis using deep belief learning based health state classification

Effective health diagnosis provides multifarious benefits such as improved safety, improved reliability and reduced costs for operation and maintenance of complex engineered systems. This paper presents a novel multi-sensor health diagnosis method using deep belief network (DBN). DBN has recently become a popular approach in machine learning for its promised advantages such as fast inference and the ability to encode richer and higher order network structures. The DBN employs a hierarchical structure with multiple stacked restricted Boltzmann machines and works through a layer by layer successive learning process. The proposed multi-sensor health diagnosis methodology using DBN based state classification can be structured in three consecutive stages: first, defining health states and preprocessing sensory data for DBN training and testing; second, developing DBN based classification models for diagnosis of predefined health states; third, validating DBN classification models with testing sensory dataset. Health diagnosis using DBN based health state classification technique is compared with four existing diagnosis techniques. Benchmark classification problems and two engineering health diagnosis applications: aircraft engine health diagnosis and electric power transformer health diagnosis are employed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Lytic transglycosylase MltB of Escherichia coli and its role in recycling of peptidoglycan strands of bacterial cell wall.

The cell wall is an indispensable structure for the survival of bacteria and a target for antibiotics. Peptidoglycan is the major constituent of the cell wall, which is comprised of backbone repeats of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM). A peptide stem is appended to the NAM unit, which in turn experiences cross-linking with a peptide from another peptidoglycan in the final steps of cell wall assembly. In the normal course of bacterial growth, as much as 60% of the parental cell wall is recycled, a process that is not fully understood. A polymeric cell wall is fragmented by the family of lytic transglycosylases, and certain key fragments are transported to the cytoplasm for recycling. The genes for the six known lytic transglycosylases of Escherichia coli were cloned, and the enzymes were purified in this study. It is shown that MltB is the only lytic transglycosylase to turn over a synthetic peptidoglycan fragment of two NAG-NAM repeats; hence this enzyme is likely to be the lytic t...
Teaching Video NeuroImages: Movement of a paralyzed arm with yawning.

A 63-year-old man presented with aphasia and right arm paralysis (Medical Research Council [MRC] grade 0), sparing the leg (video 1 on the Neurology ® Web site at [Neurology.org][1]). With yawning, his right arm consistently rose to his chest (video 2). Paralysis resumed after yawning. MRI confirmed an acute ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery distribution (figure). This movement ceased after 2 weeks following partial recovery of arm strength (MRC grade 4). This phenomenon, first described in the 1844, was recently coined parakinesia brachialis oscitans. It is speculated to be a release event in which damaged cortical pathways no longer inhibit phylogenetically older brainstem pathways stimulated by yawning.1,2 [1]: http://www.neurology.org/
A view into police stress

High levels of stress can be found in many occupations and professions. Police work has become one of the more recognized of the high-stress professions. Divorce and suicide rates are found to be extremely high among police officers. There are several explanations as to why this high level of stress exists. Today’s police officer needs to be aware of the dangers that are associated with high stress and should be able to recognize the symptoms. In an effort to gain a better under-standing of this area, the following study was done. As a result of a search and analysis of police-stress related literature this study examines the causes of stress, how stress can be recognized, and how to successfully cope with the job-related stress.
Database evaluation using multiple regression techniques

A model of the inverted file of an automated bibliographic system is constructed using the Zipf distribution of word frequency. By ascertaining the parameters of the Zipfian model of the inverted file system, one can estimate the minimum data storage requirements of the database. In addition, given a few additional system parameters, access time for a specified query can be estimated. The estimation procedures are accomplished using logarithmic transformations and multiple regression techniques. This paper introduces the Zipfian models, their regression formulation, and their results and interpretation for application to database evaluation.
On Marangoni effects in a heated fluid layer with a monolayer surfactant. Part II: finite element formulation and numerical studies

In this part, we consider the dilute surfactant model developed in Part I and construct a variational formulation and mixed finite element scheme to obtain approximate solutions. In particular, we consider the stability regimes identified in the linear stability analysis of Part I and conduct numerical experiments to explore the nature of stability for the approximate solutions in these regimes. Both 1D and 2D simulation results are provided to illustrate the behaviour
Treatment of refractory bipolar depression.

Methods: This multicenter study used a randomized but open-label design. Study drugs (tranylcypromine, 20–100 mg/d, or lamotrigine, 25–400 mg/d) were added to ongoing therapy with a mood stabilizer (lithium, valproate, or carbamazepine at therapeutic levels). The trial’s first stage lasted 10 weeks. In a second phase, nonresponders to the first medication could receive the other drug. Outcome criteria were response (measured with Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Bipolar Version and Inventory for Depressive Symptoms), switch into mania, and study completion.
Properties and applications of photorefractive GaAs

Photorefractive semiconductors have the attractive features of fast response times and operation at near-infrared wavelengths. This has opened some new research opportunities in the field of photorefractive nonlinear optics which is significant for applications in real-time image processing and optical computing. This paper presents recent experimental demonstrations of several basic optical information processing techniques using photorefractive GaAs crystals. The results of these demonstrations illustrate that photorefractive compound semiconductors has a great potential as a new medium for light beam interaction based on the dynamic holographic principle.
Infrageneric classification of Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) revisited: evidence from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA.

Abstract The goals of this study were to elucidate phylogenetic relationships in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and compare this phylogeny with three infrageneric classifications. Thirty Eleocharis species and eight outgroups were analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses. These analyses place Websteria within the Eleocharis clade. The sister group of Eleocharis has traditionally been inferred to be either members of the Abildgaardieae or Scirpeae. Theses analyses do not show strong support for Bulbostylis (Abildgaardieae) or Schoenoplectus (Scirpeae) as the sister lineage to Eleocharis. The ITS results are not entirely congruent with any of the classifications. There is support for a monophyletic Eleocharis subgenus Limnochloa and subgenus Zinserlingia sensu Gonzalez-Elizondo and Peterson, but many of the subdivisions of Eleocharis subgenus Eleocharis are para- or polyphyletic. Morphological characters inferred to have ...
Adult rat cardiomyocytes exhibit capacitative calcium entry

Capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) refers to the influx of Ca2+ through plasma membrane channels activated on depletion of endoplasmic-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. We utilized two Ca2+-sensitive ...
Geldanamycin and its 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy analogue antagonize the action of Cisplatin in human colon adenocarcinoma cells: differential caspase activation as a basis for interaction.

Several chaperone-binding drugs based on geldanamycin (GA) have been synthesized, and one of them, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), is being developed in the clinic. Interest in the use of 17-AAG in combination with cytotoxic drugs led us to study both GA and 17-AAG with cisplatin (DDP) in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines HT29 and HCT116. We performed isobologram analysis of combinations of DDP with GA or 17-AAG in these cell lines using the standard 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to evaluate cell survival. In HCT116, the effects of GA and 17-AAG with DDP were additive and schedule dependent. In HT29 both GA and 17-AAG antagonized DDP effects resulting in cytotoxicity less than expected. We hypothesized that the antagonism in HT29 cells might be a consequence of altered p53 function in this cell line. Accordingly, we tested GA/17-AAG and DDP in combination in the HCTp5.2 cell line, which expresses a dominant-negative form of p53. In these cells too, the GA analogues antagonized DDP, suggesting a role for p53 in the observed effects. Investigation of the DDP-induced signaling pathways revealed that ansamycins block the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase pathways and c-Jun expression in HT29 cells while exerting incomplete inhibitory effects in HCT116 and HCTp5.2 cell lines. Therefore, effects on signaling are thought not to underlay the antagonism in the latter model. The ansamycins inhibited DDP-induced activation of caspases 8 and 3 in HT29 and HCTp5.2 but not in HCT116 cells, which we postulate to be the basis for higher survival of p53-deficient cells when treated with combinations of the two drugs.
A Review of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

An osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is defined as an injury to the talar dome that results in partial or total separation of the articular cartilage or subchondral bone. OLTs typically are preceded by a traumatic event and generally result in vascular damage to the subchondral bone. Many terms have been used for OLTs, such as osteochondral defects of the talus, talar dome lesions, osteochondral fracture, transchondral fracture, osteochondritis dissecans, and flake fractures. Credit for originally describing OLTs of the ankle is given to Alexander Monro, in his description in 1738. His initial observation was that they were loose osteocartilaginous bodies that were the result of trauma. The first description of any type of loose articular body and the subsequent removal from the knee is credited to Ambrose Pare, in 1558. Paget, in 1870, described a similar pathology in the patellofermoral joint, which was termed, Paget’s quiet necrosis of bone. The term, osteochondritis dissecans, was used later by Konig in 1888, when he described loose bodies in other joints. He attributed these loose bodies to the result of spontaneous necrosis. In breaking down this nomenclature, the -itis implies inflammation, which has yet to be associated with the process. Dissecans is from the Latin root, dissecare, which means to separate. In 1922 Kappis used osteochondritis dissecans to describe similar lesions in the ankle. Rendu, in 1932, wrote of a case in which he discovered an intra-articular fracture of the talar dome that was identical to those reported by Kappis and Monro. Berndt and Harty, in 1959, devised the first classification of osteochondral lesions of the talus, still used to this day (Box 1). This study also helped to describe the mechanism by which these lesions occur. They coined the term, transchondral fracture. The incidence of OLTs is only 0.09% of all fractures and 1% of talus fractures. Of all osteochindritides, those involving the talus account for 4% of the total. It is reported
Intra-retinal visual cycle required for rapid and complete cone dark adaptation.

Daytime vision is mediated by retinal cones, which, unlike rods, remain functional even in bright light and dark-adapt rapidly. These cone properties are enabled by rapid regeneration of their pigment. This in turn requires rapid chromophore recycling that may not be achieved by the canonical retinal pigment epithelium visual cycle. Recent biochemical studies have suggested the presence of a second, cone-specific visual cycle, although its physiological function remains to be established. We found that the Muller cells in the salamander neural retina promote cone-specific pigment regeneration and dark adaptation that are independent of the pigment epithelium. Without this pathway, dark adaptation of cones was slow and incomplete. Notably, the rates of cone pigment regeneration by the retina and pigment epithelium visual cycles were essentially identical, suggesting a possible common rate-limiting step. Finally, we also observed cone dark adaptation in the isolated mouse retina.
Can the absence of prejudice be more threatening than its presence? It depends on one's worldview.

The present research used validated cardiovascular measures to examine threat reactions among members of stigmatized groups when interacting with members of nonstigmatized groups who were, or were not, prejudiced against their group. The authors hypothesized that people’s beliefs about the fairness of the status system would moderate their experience of threat during intergroup interactions. The authors predicted that for members of stigmatized groups who believe the status system is fair, interacting with a prejudiced partner, compared with interacting with an unprejudiced partner, would disconfirm their worldview and result in greater threat. In contrast, the authors predicted that for members of stigmatized groups who believe the system is unfair, interacting with a prejudiced partner, compared with interacting with an unprejudiced partner, would confirm their worldview and result in less threat. The authors examined these predictions among Latinas interacting with a White female confederate (Study 1) and White females interacting with a White male confederate (Study 2). As predicted, people’s beliefs about the fairness of the status system moderated their experiences of threat during intergroup interactions, indicated both by cardiovascular responses and nonverbal behavior. The specific pattern of the moderation differed across the 2 studies.
El mes de recolección de la macha (Mesodesma donacium) determinado por sus líneas de crecimiento: aplicaciones arqueológicas

Introduccion La macha (Mesodesma donacium) tiene una importancia economica desde que llegaron los primeros pescadores recolectores a la costa peruana hace 11 000 anos. Ciertos conchales constituidos casi exclusivamente de las conchas de este bivalvo forman monticulos de hasta diez metros de alto y atestiguan de una larga e intensa explotacion pasada (Engel, 1957; Sandweiss et al., 1989; 1998; Lavallee et al., 1999). Los arqueologos disponen en general de muy pocos indices para determinar si l...
Advances in Neutron Spectroscopy and High Magnetic Field Instrumentation for Studies of Correlated Electron Systems

Neutron Spectroscopy has provided critical information on the magnetism in correlated electron systems. Specifically quantum magnets, superconductors, and multi-ferroics are areas of productive research. A discussion of recent measurements on the SEQUOIA spectrometer will provide examples of how novel instrumentation concepts are used on the latest generation of spectrometers to extend our knowledge in such systems. The now ubiquitous function of sample rotation allows for full mapping of volumes of Q and ω space. An instrument focused on low angles could extend these maps to cover more of the first Brillioun zone. Innovative chopper cascades allow two unique modes of operation. Multiplexed measurements allow the simultaneous measurement of high and low energy features in an excitation spectrum. Alternatively, by limiting the neutron bandwidth incident on the Fermi Chopper, background from subsequent time frames is removed; enabling the observation of weak, large energy transfer features. Finally the impl...
Decreases in free cholesterol and fatty acid unsaturation in renal cell carcinoma demonstrated by breath-hold magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging has resulted in increased detection of incidental renal tumors. The noninvasive characterization of renal tissue has important implications for the ...
Residual Stress and Grain Deformation in Extruded Polyerystalline BeO Ceramics

Residual strain measurements on a series of sintered BeO tubes indicate that significant stresses developed during processing from the thermal expansion anisotropy. X-ray topographic studies show that the resulting strains are preferentially located near grain and subgrain boundaries. Fine-grained samples, 20μ and less, do not show pronounced subgrain structure and exhibit lower dislocation densities in the grain interiors than do coarse-grained samples.
Current-mode signaling in deep submicrometer global interconnects

This paper addresses propagation delay and power dissipation for current mode signaling in deep submicrometer global interconnects. Based on the effective lumped element resistance and capacitance approximation of distributed RC lines, simple yet accurate closed-form expressions of delay and power dissipation are presented. A new closed-form solution of delay under step input excitation is first developed, exhibiting an accuracy that is within 5% of SPICE simulations for a wide range of parameters. The usefulness of this solution is that resistive load termination for current mode signaling is accurately modeled. This model is then extended to a generalized delay formulation for ramp inputs with arbitrary rise time. Using these expressions, the optimum-line width that minimizes the total delay for current mode circuits is found. Additionally, a new power-dissipation model for current-mode signaling is developed to understand the design tradeoffs between current and voltage sensing. Based on the results and derived formulations, a comparison between voltage and current mode repeater insertion for long global deep submicrometer interconnects is presented.
FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF HYDROGEN AS A CAUSE OF ENAMEL DEFECTS, V

The argument that reboiling is primarily a function of hydrogen is expanded with additional evidence obtained from metallurgical research during the past year. The behavior of hydrogen in rimming-steel enameling stock is discussed, and an explanation is given for the varying behavior of the edge and center sections of rimming-steel sheet in the development of certain hydrogen-caused defects.
Live Action: Can Young Children Learn Verbs From Video?

The availability of educational programming aimed at infants and toddlers is increasing, yet the effect of video on language acquisition remains unclear. Three studies of 96 children aged 30-42 months investigated their ability to learn verbs from video. Study 1 asked whether children could learn verbs from video when supported by live social interaction. Study 2 tested whether children could learn verbs from video alone. Study 3 clarified whether the benefits of social interaction remained when the experimenter was shown on a video screen rather than in person. Results suggest that younger children only learn verbs from video with live social interaction whereas older children can learn verbs from video alone. Implications for verb learning and educational media are discussed.
Short-term low-protein intake does not increase serum parathyroid hormone concentration in humans.

Dietary protein affects calcium metabolism and may affect longer-term bone homeostasis (1,2). One line of thinking is that high dietary protein intake promotes urinary calcium loss and contributes to negative calcium balance and osteoporosis (3). In contrast, Hannan et al. (4) found that elderly men and women with relatively lower protein intake had increased bone loss at the femoral neck and spine over a 4-y period. Although this suggests that maintaining higher protein intake was important for maintaining bone and minimizing bone loss in elderly persons, a mechanism for this effect has not been demonstrated. A few provocative studies recently reported that protein intakes at or somewhat below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)4 of 0.8 g protein/(kg · d) for as short a period as 4 d resulted in decreased calcium absorption, increased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations (in some cases exceeding clinical normalcy consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism), and increased serum calcitriol concentrations (5–8). The strikingly quick onset and apparent consistency of these indices of secondary hyperparathyroidism in response to protein intakes less than or equal to the RDA (5–7) suggest that the RDA for protein negatively affects short-term calcium homeostasis (2). This condition could be reversed by increasing dietary protein intake. Further investigation of the potentially detrimental effect of inadequate protein intake on calcium metabolism and bone health is warranted (9,10), including more evaluations of a possible relation between protein intake and parathyroid hormone. Our objective was to determine whether broad changes in dietary protein intake that span the range of adequacy would alter serum PTH concentration. The results from 2 controlled feeding studies are reported.
City-Climbers at Work

The video presents recent progress of the wall-climbing robot project at the City College of New York. The robots are named as City-Climbers which adopt a novel adhesive mechanism based on aerodynamic attraction to achieve good balance between strong adhesion force and high mobility. The video demonstrates that the City-Climber robots can operate on virtually any kind of smooth or rough surfaces and have the capabilities to move on the ground, climb walls, and transit between them. The modular design achieves both fast motion of each module on planar surfaces and smooth transition between the surfaces by a set of two modules. The video also displays the Fluent simulation results of the aerodynamic attraction with the aim to optimize the design. DSP-based control system is introduced which enables the robot to operate both manually and autonomously
Functional copper at the acetyl-CoA synthase active site

The bifunctional CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) plays a central role in the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway of autotrophic CO2 fixation. A recent structure of the Moorella thermoacetica enzyme revealed that the ACS active site contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster bridged to a binuclear Cu-Ni site. Here, biochemical and x-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) evidence is presented that the copper ion at the M. thermoacetica ACS active site is essential. Depletion of copper correlates with reduction in ACS activity and in intensity of the “NiFeC” EPR signal without affecting either the activity or the EPR spectroscopic properties associated with CODH. In contrast, Zn content is negatively correlated with ACS activity without any apparent relationship to CODH activity. Cu is also found in the methanogenic CODH/ACS from Methanosarcina thermophila. XAS studies are consistent with a distorted Cu(I)–S3 site in the fully active enzyme in solution. Cu extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis indicates an average Cu–S bond length of 2.25 Å and a metal neighbor at 2.65 Å, consistent with the Cu–Ni distance observed in the crystal structure. XAS experiments in the presence of seleno-CoA reveal a Cu–S3Se environment with a 2.4-Å Se–Cu bond, strongly implicating a Cu–SCoA intermediate in the mechanism of acetyl-CoA synthesis. These results indicate an essential and functional role for copper in the CODH/ACS from acetogenic and methanogenic organisms.
Determination of Interatomic Distances from X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure

A pragmatic, easily applied theory of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure found on the high-energy side of absorption edges is developed. This simple model can be successfully applied to determinations of interatomic distances, and it accounts for differences in Kronig structure on different absorption edges in the same material. Quantitative agreement with experimental data is good.
From field experiments to program implementation: Assessing the potential outcomes of an experimental intervention program for unemployed persons.

In field experiments evaluating preventive interventions, nonparticipation of persons who decline to participate at the outset, or later, by not showing up to the experimental treatment, constitutes a serious threat to the validity of the findings. However, in social intervention programs nonparticipation is a commonplace reality. Since nonparticipation is a pervasive reality in virtually every type of social intervention program, field experiments that are used to test the intervention for effectiveness should be designed and evaluated with this reality in mind.
Hanf numbers for fragments of ℶ h (A)

We describe an ordinalh(A) which plays a key role in the model theory of the admissible fragmentL A . In particular, the Hanf number ofL A is ℶh(A) IfL A isL κ=ω wherecf(k)>ω thenh(A) can be characterized as the least ordinal which is notH(k +)-recursive.