cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4630: Seminal AMACR protein: a non-invasive test in the detection of prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Introduction: Current prostate cancer screening relies on the PSA test and the digital rectum rectal examination (DRE), which have relatively low specificity. A more specific marker is in need for prostate cancer screening and risk stratification could reduce the burden of unnecessary biopsies. AMACR, has been proven to be an excellent tissue marker for prostate caner, could be an attractive candidate, but. Soso far, serum the detection of AMACR detection in serum has been unsuccessfuldifficult. This study explored the detection of AMACR protein in semen ejaculate and its potential as a non-invasive test in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Methods: Semen ejaculates were analyzed from 23 prostate cancer (biopsy proven) patients, 21 of which had prostatectomy, as well as 15 age-comparable controls (>50y, PSA<2 ng/mL, assumed prostate cancer free). An indirect sandwich ELISA chemiluminescence assay was used to test semen AMACR protein. Tissue AMACR protein was also quantified in 13 corresponding prostatectomy specimens using automated quantitative analysis (AQUATM). Results: AMACR was detected in 19 of 23 (83%) semen ejaculates of prostate cancer patients. Among the other 4 patients with undetectable semen AMACR, one had no residual tumor in the prostatectomy specimen (#40), one had Gleason score of 9 cancer (#37) with no detectable tissue AMACR either, while the other two remaining patients (#31 and #33) had a very small volume of cancer on two separate sextant biopsies biopsy sets and are on watchful waiting list. AMACR was also detected in 7 of 15 (47%) control group. Using 100 ng/mL as a cutoff value, semen AMACR protein was positive in 16 of 23 (70%) cancer patients who had underwent prostatectomy and in 5 of 15 (33%) age-comparable controls. Conclusions: This has been the first study first to demonstrated that AMACR protein is detectable in semen ejaculate. A high semen AMACR detection rate in cancer patients suggested suggests that semen AMACR may be useful, supplemental, as a non-invasive test in addition toto the PSA test for detecting prostate cancer, especially cancer of significant volume. Questions regarding specificity of AMACR are, however, raised. Given the lack of prostate biopsy confirmation, The the age-comparable controls in this study may not be an entirely representative sample of men free of prostate cancer without confirmation by prostate biopsy. This Our study's findings will form the basis for the design of a larger finding need to be further validated in a larger prospective screening trial of AMACR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4630.
Analytic Determination of Perigee Passage Using Lambert's Theorem

Again we note that both Ki and K2 must malfunction to cause a premature ignition. We therefore investigate K2 in the same manner in which we analyzed Ki. From the fault tree we note that the EMI, or the switches, can cause a premature ignition, so the EMI branch must also be analyzed. Finally, we ascertain that this particular circuit has a high reliability and the probability of a potential hazard occurring is very low. On the other hand, if it appeared from our diagram that KI and K2 could be initiated simultaneously, we would then take steps to correct this situation, thus eliminating the cause of a potential hazard which could abort the mission. This abbreviated discussion indicates what can be accomplished by a fault tree analysis using the critical path method.
Second-Law Analysis of Molten-Salt Thermal Energy Storage in Thermoclines

Abstract The cyclic operation of a molten-salt thermocline tank is simulated to investigate the influence of internal granule diameter and external convection losses on tank performance. Practical constraints limiting thermocline tank height are taken into account. The authors two-temperature model, developed in earlier work (Solar Energy, 84, 974–985, 2010) for the analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow in the thermocline tank, is extended to monitor entropy generation and exergy transport. Storage performance is measured in terms of first- and second-law efficiency definitions, as well as a first-law efficiency used in conjunction with an outflow temperature criterion. Reducing the diameter of the fillerbed granules improves the thermocline tank performance by sustaining higher molten-salt outflow temperatures throughout the discharge phase of the cycle, which results in greater operational efficiency. External convection losses strongly influence entropy generation inside the tank fillerbed due to the development of radial temperature gradients and increased irreversible thermal diffusion. Convection losses also result in lower tank efficiencies due to the reduction of hot molten salt available inside the tank. A comparison of the different efficiency definitions employed in this work reveal that the ad hoc outflow temperature criterion used in past studies provides an overly conservative assessment of thermocline performance.
A file management system for a magnetic disk used as a buffer to write-once optical storage

Abstract Write-once optical disks offer a technology that includes high capacity and removability for handling the information-storage requirements of today's “information age”. A multiple-write buffer is proposed to integrate write-once storage into existing systems and to provide an interface that is transparent to the user. This paper discusses the design of a multiple-write buffer for integrating WORM optical storage into existing computer systems. A brief discussion of the attributes of optical storage motivates the design of file management systems with a magnetic disk acting as a buffer for a WORM optical disk. The required data structures for the magnetic buffer file management system (MBFMS) and the optical disk file management system (ODFMS) are discussed. The major responsibilities of the MBFMS in acting as a go-between for the existing file management system (FMS) and the ODMS are outlined. Techniques for manipulating MBFMS and ODFMS data structures, responding to FMS directives, and submitting requests to the ODFMS are also presented.
Sur Les Équations Aux Variations

Resume On considere l'equation differentielle (E). Y = X(Y,t), ou (Y, t) → X(Y, t) est une application d'un domaine D de R × R dans R. R est un espace de Banach. R est la droite reelle, le signe denote la differentiation par rapport a la variable t. On suppose que les conditions assurant l'existence et l'unicite de solutions de (E) dans un certain domaine sont verifiees. Soit t → q(t, Y, θ) la solution de (E) telle que q(θ, Y, θ) = Y. Y → q(t, Y, θ) est une application d'un sous-ensemble de R dans R. Si l'application Y → X(Y, t) est differentiable on sait que l'application Y → q(t, Y, θ) est differentiable, (les solutions de (E) sont differentiables “par rapport aux conditions initiales”). On montrera que cette propriete reste conservee dans des cas ou l'application Y → X(Y,t) n'est differentiable que dans certains domaines, les derivees admettant des discontinuites de valeurs finies sur les frontieres. Pour ce faire on notera que la derivee de l'application Y → q(t,Y, θ) est une solution de “l'equation aux variations de (E)”, laquelle ne peut etre consideree au sens habituel lorsque l'application Y → X(Y, t n'est pas differentiable. De tels resultats sont utiles dans l'etude de la stabilite des solutions de (E).
A feasible-point algorithm for structured design systems in chemical engineering

Structured design systems are systems in which the equations representing the equality and inequality constraints are sparse and highly precedenc orderable. An algorithm has been developed for such systems which is guaranteed, under certain assumptions, to arrive in a finite number of steps at a feasible point (that is, one which satisfies all the constraints) or to identify a subset of the constraints for which no feasible point can be found. The algorithm can be applied to a system with only inequality constraints or to a system with both equality and inequality constraints. The algorithm uses an indirect approach. It hypothesizes that a subset of constraints has no feasible region and then attempts to verify this conjecture. If successful, the subset is identified as infeasible and obviously no feasible point exists. If unsuccessful, either a new hypothesis can be generated or the algorithm has indirectly found a feasible point. Limited computational experience with the algorithm indicates that the number of steps required to find a feasible point for a system of constraints has been of the same order of magnitude as the total number of constraints in the system. For linear constraints, the efficiency of the algorithm has been comparable to phase one of the Simplex algorithm of Linear Programming.
Sensory integration by the dorsal spinocerebellar tract circuitry

Abstract Monosynaptic connections from sensory receptors to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract are believed to have a significant role in the transmission of sensory information to the cerebellum. However, predominant polysynaptic connections with highly convergent afferent input suggest a functional organization based on integrated sensory representations. We explored this possibility by examining the responses of dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons to inputs from muscle receptors. We compared results from two sets of experiments designed to activate receptors in the gastrocnemius-soleus muscles. In one set (135 cells) we stimulated muscle receptors by stretching the isolated muscles and in the other set (194 cells) the muscle receptors were activated by passive foot flexion, which concurrently activated cutaneous and joint receptors as well. Population responses of the spinocerebellar neurons were quite different for the two types of stimuli. Foot flexion elicited long-latency excitatory responses in a majority (53%) of the cells, while muscle stretch elicited a large fraction of early peaking excitatory responses (28%) and inhibitory responses (38%). The long-latency responses to flexion could not be accounted for by specific cutaneous inputs or by possible delayed reflex contractions. We concluded that both types of population response resulted from the muscle stretch and therefore the responses of dorsal spinocerebellar tract cells to these stimuli do not simply reflect the activity in specific classes of sensory receptors.
Assay of neutralizing antibody: increased sensitivity of assay by plating on salt-deficient agar.

IN the course of assaying neutralizing antibody to T2 phage, it was noted that the sensitivity of the assay could be improved by plating the phage on a medium which had a low concentration of sodium ions.
Toxicity of Shallow-Water Antarctic Echinoderms

The toxicity of 23 species of shallow-water antarctic echinoderms from McMurdo Sound was investigated using Gambusia affinis (Vertebrata: Pisces) as a test organism. Ichthyotoxicity assays were conducted on the body wall tissues of thirteen species of asteroids and three species of holothuroids, the tests of three species of echinoids and the arms of three species of ophiuroids and one species of crinoid. Patterns of toxicity were class-specific, with varying degrees of toxicity occurring exclusively among the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea. Seven of the thirteen species of asteroids were mildly to highly toxic (54%), while one of the three holothuroids was mildly and one highly toxic. Toxicity was not related to the level of calcification of the body wall and energy level in asteroids. The only armored asteroid, Notasterias armata, was non-toxic. The occurrence of toxins in the body tissues of antarctic echinoderms is similar in pattern and frequency with that of temperate and tropical species.
Exploiting multiuser diversity for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

We consider wireless system consisting of secondary users equipped with cognitive radios that attempt to access radio spectrum that is not being used by the primary licensed users. To avoid causing harmful interference to the primary users, the secondary users perform spectrum sensing to determine spectrum hole opportunities for channel access. Due to multipath fading, users in the network experience peak channel quality at different times. We propose a cooperative spectrum sensing strategy for cognitive radio networks that exploits the fading diversity among secondary users to improve the probability of correct detection of a primary transmitter. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms previous schemes that do not exploit multiuser diversity.
Changes of Intramolecular Distances in the Na+/K+ Atpase upon Ouabain Binding

The Na+/K+ ATPase is an integral membrane protein formed mainly by two subunits; α and β. Recently, we showed that ouabain (a cardiotonic steroid used in patients with heart failure) binds at two mutually exclusive sites along the ion permeation pathway of the Na+/K+ ATPase, indicating a sequential ouabain binding mechanism. Here, we used a spectroscopic approach (LRET) to measure distances between a genetically encoded lanthanide binding tag (LBT that binds Tb+3 with high affinity) and a cysteine-reactive fluorescent compound (TMR). We created energy transfer pairs by encoding the LBT's in several of the external loops of the α subunit and cysteines substituted in different positions of the β subunit. These normally functional LBT-Na+/K+ ATPase constructs were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes that were voltage clamped with two microelectrodes to obtain simultaneously electrical and LRET recordings under physiological ionic conditions. By measuring donor-only decays and sensitized emission decays, we estimated the distance between donor and acceptor. Distances from several LBT-(Tb3+)-TMR pairs were estimated, one at time, in the absence and then in the presence of ouabain. Interestingly, in the presence of ouabain, the distances increased. Ours results suggests that the Na+/K+ ATPase might transit to a different conformation (not yet detected by crystallography) when ouabain binds to the ion permeation pathway. This new conformation could be a separation between the α and β subunits or a rearrangement of the transmembrane segments to accommodate ouabain deep into the permeation pathway. Further experiments are required to discern between these possibilities. Supported by U54GM087519 and GM030376.
Orthodromic and antidromic activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the rabbit.

Abstract Paraventricular cells in the rabbit were studied in response to stimulation in the hypothalamohypophyseal tract and the afferent pathway from the mammary gland. Three conditions were used in different preparations: urethane-anesthesia, unanesthetized and unanesthetized following the administration of monoamine depletors. Hypothalamohypophyseal stimulation antidromically activated paraventricular cells similarly in all three preparations. Long-lasting inhibition was also seen in all three. Transsynaptic activation was most common in the two unanesthetized preparations and rare in anesthetized rabbits. Orthodromic activation from stimulation in the afferent pathway activated the paraventricular cells and elicited milk ejection only in the preparation in which monoamine depletors were used. In these experiments it was possible to demonstrate collision between antidromic and orthodromic impulses in paraventricular cells. The results suggest that there is central monoamine inhibition which prevents activation of the nucleus under certain experimental situations.
Anxiety-like behavior is modulated by a discrete subpopulation of interneurons in the basolateral amygdala

The basolateral amygdala (BL) is a putative site for regulating anxiety, where inhibition and excitation respectively lead to decreases and increases in anxiety-like behaviors. The BL contains local networks of GABAergic interneurons that are subdivided into classes based on neurochemical content, and are hypothesized to regulate unique functional responses of local glutamatergic projection neurons. Recently it was demonstrated that lesioning a portion of the BL interneuronal population, those interneurons that express neurokinin1 receptors (NK(1r)), resulted in anxiety-like behavior. In the current study, these NK(1r) expressing cells of the BL are further phenotypically characterized, demonstrating approximately 80% co-expression with GABA thus confirming them as GABAergic interneurons. These NK(1r) interneurons also colocalize with two distinct populations of BL interneurons as defined by the neuropeptide content. Of the NK(1r) positive cells, 41.8% are also positive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 39.7% of the NK(1r) positive cells are also positive for cholecystokinin (CCK). In addition to enhancing the phenotypic characterization, the extent to which the NK(1r) cells of amygdala nuclei contribute to anxiety-like responses was also investigated. Lesioning the NK(1r) expressing interneurons, with a stable form of substance P (SSP; the natural ligand for NK(1r)) coupled to the targeted toxin saporin (SAP), in the anterior and posterior divisions of the BL was correlated to increased anxiety-like behaviors compared to baseline and control treated rats. Furthermore the phenotypic and regional selectivity of the lesions was also confirmed.
The Role of 18 F-FDG PET Imaging in Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract form a prevalent and highly morbid group of malignancies. Specifically, median survival for patients with esophagus, gastric, and pancreatic cancers is less than 1 year, and although there has been progress in therapeutic strategies, the vast majority of newly diagnosed patients with these cancers will die of their disease. 18F-FDG PET (18f-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) is a useful but underutilized resource for identifying metastatic disease in the upper gastrointestinal tract. While prevalent in the United States, worldwide, 18F-FDG PET is underutilized especially in countries with a growing emergence of gastroesophageal cancers, despite evidence of clear benefit in cancer staging, and in some cases response assessment and surveillance.
Nodlar lymphoma: An ultrastructural study of its relationship to germinal genters and a correlation of light and electron microscopic findings

This study describes the ultrastructural findings in 16 cases of nodular lymphoma, and compares these with normal germinal centers in order to determine the possible germinal center origin of the lymphomas. Long branching desmosome-associated dendritic reticulum cells, characteristic of germinal centers, were found in all 16 cases of nodular lymphoma. Desmosomes were observed only between dendritic cells and not between lymphoid cells, and they were seen in only 1 of 7 cases of diffuse lymphoma. Cells comprising the nodular lymphomas share cytologic features, such as nuclear blebs and marked nuclear indentations, with germinal center cells. It appears that nodular lymphomas have a close anatomical relationship to germinal centers, although their actual origin from these sites is not established by this study. They are composed of lymphoid cells; we have no evidence to confirm the view that nodular lymphomas are derived from dendritic cells. Light and electron microscopic findings have been compared in order to establish the nature of large "histiocyte-like" cells in the nodular lymphomas. Many of these cells appear to represent transformed lymphocytes rather than histiocytes. They are more numerous in so-called mixed "histiocytic" lymphocytic lymphomas than in poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas, which otherwise are ultrastructurally similar. This study casts doubt upon the existence of a mixed lymphocytic and histiocytic lymphoma within the spectrum of the nodular lymphomas, and indicates that a cytologic continuum exists between cells interpreted as poorly differentiated lymphocytes and those heretofore identified as histiocytes.
Spirituality and People With Mental Illness: Developing Spiritual Competency in Assessment and Intervention

Spirituality often plays a central role in helping people with mental illness cope and recover. Assessment provides a vehicle for understanding and utilizing clients' spiritual strengths, and, consequently, practitioners are increasingly asked to conduct a spiritual assessment. For example, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), a major healthcare accrediting agency, now recommends that a spiritual assessment be conducted. This article provides a framework for an initial spiritual assessment that complies with the recent JCAHO (2002) recommendations. Suggestions for spiritually competent practice are provided, including guidelines for discerning authentic spiritual experiences from manifestations of mental illness that reflect spiritual content. The article concludes by reviewing a number of spiritual interventions that may flow from a spiritual assessment.
Developing a strawberry yogurt fortified with marine fish oil1

Abstract Fortified dairy products appeal to a wide variety of consumers and have the potential to increase sales in the yogurt industry and help increase intake of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to develop a strawberry yogurt containing microencapsulated salmon oil (MSO; 2% wt/vol) and evaluate its characteristics during 1 mo of storage. Unpurified salmon oil (USO) was purified (PSO) and both USO and PSO were analyzed for peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), total oxidation, free fatty acids (FFA), and moisture content. A stable emulsion was prepared with 7% PSO, 22% gum arabic, 11% maltodextrin, and 60% water. The emulsion was spray-dried to produce MSO. The MSO was added to strawberry-flavored yogurt (SYMSO) before pasteurization and homogenization, and a control (SY) without MSO was produced. Both yogurts were stored for 1 mo at 4°C and we determined the quality characteristics including acidity (pH), syneresis, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), fatty acid methyl ester composition, color, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count. The entire experiment was replicated 3 times. Total oxidation (unitless) of USO, PSO, and MSO was calculated to be 20.7±1.26, 10.9±0.1, and 13.4±0.25, respectively. Free fatty acid contents were 1.61±0.19%, 0.59±0.02%, and 0.77±0.02% for USO, PSO, and MSO, respectively. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids in MSO and in SYMSO, but neither was detected in SY. Fortification of SY with MSO had no significant effect on yogurt pH or syneresis. A decrease in concentration of lactic acid bacteria was observed during the storage of all yogurts. Thiobarbituric acid values significantly increased as storage time increased and SY had a significantly lighter (higher L*) and less yellow (lower b*) color than SYMSO. Although some slight differences were observed in the color and oxidation of SYMSO compared with SY, the study demonstrated that SY could be fortified with salmon oil.
Predicting alloy vibrational mode properties using lattice dynamics calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and the virtual crystal approximation

The virtual crystal (VC) approximation for mass disorder is evaluated by examining two model alloy systems: Lennard-Jones argon and Stillinger-Weber silicon. In both material systems, the perfect crystal is alloyed with a heavier mass species up to equal concentration. The analysis is performed using molecular dynamics simulations and lattice dynamics calculations. Mode frequencies and lifetimes are first calculated by treating the disorder explicitly and under the VC approximation, with differences found in the high-concentration alloys at high frequencies. Notably, the lifetimes of high-frequency modes are underpredicted using the VC approximation, a result we attribute to the neglect of higher-order terms in the model used to include point-defect scattering. The mode properties are then used to predict thermal conductivity under the VC approximation. For the Lennard-Jones alloys, where high-frequency modes make a significant contribution to thermal conductivity, the high-frequency lifetime underprediction leads to an underprediction of thermal conductivity compared to predictions from the Green-Kubo method, where no assumptions about the thermal transport are required. Based on observations of a minimum mode diffusivity, we propose a correction that brings the VC approximation thermal conductivities into better agreement with the Green-Kubo values. For the Stillinger-Weber alloys, where the thermal conductivity is dominated by low-frequency modes, the high-frequency lifetime underprediction does not affect the thermal conductivity prediction and reasonable agreement is found with the Green-Kubo values.
A study of voltage sags in electric motors

One of the biggest problems in power quality is the disconnection of electric motors due to the presence of sags. In order to study this phenomenon it became necessary to build a sag generator to, for example, develop immunity curves for induction motors as well as for synchronous motors. In this way it is possible to evaluate the quantitative impact of sags in these machines. This paper also analyzes the effects in current, torque and speed caused by sags, in particular A, B and C types.
The relationship of angiogenesis to biological activity in human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Tumor angiogenesis has recently been related to tumor growth and metastasis, which determine the clinical outcome of the patient. This study was designed to determine the relationship between angiogenesis in primary squamous cell carcinomas (SSC) of the head and neck and the development of recurrent
A study on processing of a composite metal foam via casting

Abstract The research sited in this paper involves the development of a new closed cell composite metal foam using gravity casting techniques. The foam is comprised of steel hollow spheres packed into a random dense arrangement, with the interstitial space between spheres infiltrated with a casting aluminum alloy. The measured density of the material is 2.4 g/cm 3 , with a relative density of 41.5%. The composite foam developed in this study displayed superior compressive strength and energy absorption capacity. The compressive strength averaged 67 MPa over a region of 10–50% strain, densification began at approximately 50% strain, and the energy absorption at 50% strain is 30 MJ/m 3 . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) compositional analysis affirmed the presence of expected phases in the hollow spheres and aluminum matrix. This novel material has promising applications in the aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries.
In Vitro Polyembryony in Carica papaya L. Ovules

Summary Controlled crosses were made between the partially incompatible Carica papaya L. and C. cauliflora Jacq. and between staminate and pistillate types of C. papaya . Ovules were aseptically removed from immature fruit 20–120 days after pollination, and cultured on sterile White's medium containing 60 g/l sucrose, 400 mg/l glutamine and either 20% (v/v) coconut milk or 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/l benzylaminopurine (BA) and 8 g/l Difco Bacto agar. Somatic embryos were not present at the time the ovules were excised, but developed within the ovules after 7-8 weeks in culture. Somatic embryos have been recovered from ovules placed in culture 20–120 days after pollination. Excised callus of ovular origin has continued to produce somatic embryos in vitro on White's medium with or without growth regulators.
Esophageal atresia: Embryogenesis and management

The embryogenesis of esophageal atresia is reviewed. Esophageal atresia is frequently associated with other predictable anomalies and prematurity. The management of esophageal atresia will vary according to the size and vigor of the baby, the severity of complicating anomalies, and the distance between the 2 esophageal ends. Surgical repair is not urgent, since the infant can be maintained by sump suction of the proximal esophagus to prevent aspiration of mucus and by gastrostomy or jejunal feedings. When associated anomalies or pulmonary complications have been resolved, the definitive repair is performed. If there is a long distance between the esophageal ends, it is usually possible over a period of time to bring the 2 ends close together by bougie stretching and by performing a series of esophageal myotomies. Complications that should be anticipated following repair include anastomotic stricture, recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal dysmotility, tracheomalacia, and gastroesophageal reflux with aspiration, impaired caloric intake, and esophagitis.
Enhancing remote controlled heating characteristics in hydrophilic magnetite nanoparticles via facile co-precipitation

Citric acid coated magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using a one-step and two-step co-precipitation method at different temperatures. The stability of the nanoparticles in aqueous media was compared. The magnetic heating characteristics in an alternating magnetic field were examined and specific absorption rates were determined. The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques (Fourier transform infrared, UV spectrophotometry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry). The temperature of synthesis and mode of functionalizing the particles affected their physical and magnetic properties. Higher temperatures led to increased specific absorption rates for both methods but more stable hydrophilic superparamagnetic nanoparticles were obtained in the one-step method.
Geochemical hosts of solubilized radionuclides in uranium mill tailings

Abstract The solubilization and subsequent resorption of radionuclides by ore components or by reaction products during the milling of uranium ores may have both economic and environmental consequences. Particle-size redistribution of radium during milling has been demonstrated by previous investigators; however, the identification of sorbing components in the tailings has received little experimental attention. In this study, uranium-bearing sandstone ore was milled, on a laboratory scale, with sulfuric acid. At regular intervals, filtrate from this suspension was placed in contact with mixtures of quartz sand and various potential sorbents which occur as gangue in uranium ores; the potential sorbents included clay minerals, iron and aluminum oxides, feldspar, fluorspar, barite, jarosite, coal, and volcanic glass. After equilibration, the quartz sand-sorbent mixtures were separated from the filtrate and radioassayed by gamma-spectrometry to determine the quantities of 238 U, 230 Th, 226 Ra, and 210 Pb sorbed, and the radon emanation coefficients. Sorption of 238 U was low in all cases, with maximal sorptions of 1–2% by the bentonite- and coal-bearing samples. 230 Th sorption also was generally less than 1%; maximal sorption here was observed in the fluorspar-bearing sample and appears to be associated with the formation of gypsum during milling. 226 Ra and 210 Pb generally showed higher sorption than the other nuclides - more than 60% of the 26 Ra solubilized from the ore was sorbed on the barite-bearing sample. The mechanism (s) for this sorption by a wide variety of substrates is not yet understood. Radon emanation coefficients of the samples ranged from about 5 to 30%, with the coal-bearing samples clearly demonstrating an emanating power higher than any of the other materials.
Influence of level of dried distillers grains with solubles on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, serum testosterone concentrations, and spermatozoa motility and concentration of growing rams

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on ram lamb feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, serum testosterone concentration, and semen quality. One hundred twenty ram lambs (40.4 ± 9.1 kg; Suffolk × western white face) were used in a completely randomized design to determine the effects of DDGS on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Rams were allotted into one of three dietary treatments (n = 4 pens/treatment; 10 rams/pen): 1) 0DDGS: 85% corn and 15% commercial market lamb pellet, 2) 15DDGS: 15% DDGS substituted for corn (DM basis), and 3) 30DDGS: 30% DDGS substituted for corn (DM basis). Rams were weighed on consecutive days at the beginning (d 0 and 1) and end (d 96 and 97 and d 116 and 117) of the trial. Scrotal circumference was measured on all rams on d 84, 96, and 116. Semen and blood samples were collected on a subset of 48 rams (4 rams/pen; 16 rams/treatment; n = 4) to evaluate semen quality. Blood samples were collected every 14 d throughout the study. Semen samples were collected on d 84, 98, and 112. Rams were fed to market weight, shipped to a commercial abattoir, and harvested for carcass data collection. Initial BW, final BW, change in scrotal circumference, days on feed, carcass characteristics, serum testosterone concentrations, and spermatozoa motility score were not different (P ≥ 0.23) due to dietary treatment. However, DMI increased linearly (P < 0.001) as DDGS increased in the ration, resulting in a linear increase (P = 0.02) in ADG. Additionally, spermatozoa concentration decreased linearly (P = 0.05) as DDGS concentration increased in the ration. Increasing DDGS in the diet did not have a negative impact on ram feedlot performance or carcass characteristics; however, spermatozoa production may have been negatively affected, necessitating the need for additional research on the impact of DDGS on ram development.
Coupling constant thresholds in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. I. Short-range two-body case

Abstract Consider −Δ + λV with V short range at a value λ0 where some eigenvalue e(λ) → 0 as λ ↓ λ0. We analyze two questions: (i) What is the leading order of e(λ), i.e., for what α does e(λ) ∼ c(λ − λ0)α? (ii) Is e(λ) analytic at λ = λ0 and, if not, what is the natural expansion parameter? The results are highly dimension dependent.
A finite expansion method for the calculation and interpretation of molecular electrostatic potentials

Because it is useful to have the molecular electrostatic potential as an element in a complex scheme to assess the toxicity of large molecules, efficient and reliable methods are needed for the calculation and characterization of these potentials. A multicenter multipole expansion of the molecular electron charge density calculated with a limited Gaussian basis set is shown here to have only a finite number of nonzero terms from which the molecular electrostatic potential can be calculated. The discrete contributions to the electrostatic potentials from the terms of this expansion provide a physically meaningful decomposition of the potential and a means for its characterization. With pyrrole as an example, the electrostatic potential calculated from this finite expansion of the electron density is compared to that obtained from exact calculations from the same wave function. Good agreement is obtained at distances greater than 1.5 A from any atom in the molecule. In contrast, rearrangement of the terms into an expansion corresponding only to Mulliken atomic charges and dipoles yields a decomposition that produces electrostatic potentials which agree less well with the exact potential. This discrepancy is attributable to the neglect of terms due to higher moments.
Repressive Chromatin Affects Factor Binding at Yeast HO (Homothallic Switching) Promoter

The yeast HO gene is tightly regulated, with multiple activators and coactivators needed to overcome repressive chromatin structures that form over this promoter. Coactivator binding is strongly interdependent, as loss of one factor sharply reduces recruitment of other factors. The Rpd3(L) histone deacetylase is recruited to HO at two distinct times during the cell cycle, first by Ash1 to the URS1 region of the promoter and then by SBF/Whi5/Stb1 to URS2. SBF itself is localized to only a subset of its potential binding sites in URS2, and this localization takes longer and is less robust than at other SBF target genes, suggesting that binding to the HO promoter is limited by chromatin structures that dynamically change as the cell cycle progresses. Ash1 only binds at the URS1 region of the promoter, but an ash1 mutation results in markedly increased binding of SBF and Rpd3(L) at URS2, some 450 bp distant from the site of Ash1 binding, suggesting these two regions of the promoter interact. An ash1 mutation also results in increased coactivator recruitment, Swi/Snf and Mediator localization in the absence of the normally required Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase, and HO expression even in the presence of a taf1 mutation affecting TFIID activity that otherwise blocks HO transcription. Ash1 therefore appears to play a central role in generating the strongly repressive environment at the HO promoter, which limits the binding of several coactivators at URS2 and TATA region.
Water pollution policy in India

This analysis of the determinants of public policy in Less Developed Countries (LDCs) focuses on environmental policy in India. We find that the magnitude of the problem or market failure exerts the greatest influence in policy, while political and economic development are weaker and less consistent factors. This implies that problems must get worse before they get better, and that politicians are often suppliers of symbolic reassurance rather than tangible policy outputs. The findings are of interest to specialists in comparative public policy, Indian politics and political development.
Fibroblast growth factor causes an early increase in phosphorylation of a membrane protein in quiescent 3T3 cells.

THE regulatory systems controlling cell division have not been identified, but it has been shown that growth factors such as epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and serum initiate rapid changes in cellular metabolism, probably involving post-transcriptional control mechanisms1–5. As phosphorylation has been shown to be an important regulatory mechanism in several metabolic pathways, we initiated experiments to determine whether factors which stimulate DNA synthesis also stimulate endogenous phosphorylation. We find mat, within 5 min of addition of FGF or serum to 32P-labelled Swiss 3T3 cells, there is a specific increase in the phosphorylation of a membrane protein with an apparent molecular weight of 33,000. Experiments with isolated cell fractions demonstrate that the phosphorylation of this protein is stimulated by cyclic AMP. This rapid and specific response to mitogens raises the possibility that this phosphorylation might be part of the initial, cellular signal for DNA synthesis.
“Mr. Lincoln's Army” Revisited: Partisanship, Institutional Position, and Union Army Command, 1861–1865

Upon his inauguration in 1861, Abraham Lincoln faced the greatest threat to the survival of the nation that has confronted any incoming president. His victory had been made possible by the splintering of the opposition in a four-way race; the total popular vote for his foes substantially exceeded his own.James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 232 As he assumed office, he was confronted with the secession of several states and the possibility that others would soon follow, and southern forces had seized U.S. arsenals and laid siege to Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor. Within weeks, his decision to send relief to the fort had provoked the first shots of the war and additional states joined the Confederacy. Lincoln and his fellow Republican leaders now confronted the daunting task of restoring the Union.
Pediatric Ocular Oncology

Several benign and malignant ocular tumors can occur in childhood. Tumors in the ocular region can lead to loss of vision, loss of the eye and, in the case of malignant neoplasms, to loss of life. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to recognize childhood ocular tumors and to refer affected patients for further diagnostic studies and appropriate management. Based on our extensive clinical experience with ocular tumors over the last 30 years, we review some Pediatric Ocular Oncology
Omnes Viae Romam Ducunt Asymptomatic Cardiac and Noncardiac Organ System Dysfunction Leads to Heart Failure

Despite significant progress in the treatment of heart failure, its incidence and prevalence are rising in the United States. In order to further heart failure prevention efforts, the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology proposed a classification scheme for heart failure to include stage A patients (those who do not have structural heart disease but are at risk for heart failure) and stage B patients (those with asymptomatic cardiac structural or functional abnormalities).1 Measures implemented to prevent progression of patients at risk for heart failure rely on our ability to predict accurately who will most likely benefit from early interventions. Because heart failure eventually leads to multiorgan involvement, even mild dysfunction of a noncardiac organ may trigger clinical manifestations of heart failure. In addition, preexisting asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction may interact with a dysfunctional noncardiac organ and accelerate the progression to overt heart failure. To date, there is little information available to describe the contribution of asymptomatic systolic and diastolic dysfunction or that of noncardiac organ dysfunction to the occurrence of heart failure, and the article by Lam et al2 in the present issue of Circulation is bringing forth important data in that regard. Article see p 24 One thousand thirty eight participants from the Framingham Heart Study who were free of heart failure or overt renal failure at enrollment (1987–1990) were followed up for an average of 11 years. Detailed echocardiographic assessment was performed at baseline, and participants with an ejection fraction ≤45% were considered to have asymptomatic systolic dysfunction, whereas those with an ejection fraction >45% and with abnormal relaxation or pseudonormal or restrictive filling were considered to have asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction. In line with their hypothesis that major noncardiac organ dysfunction may accelerate the progression to heart …
An Exploration of Illness-Related Narratives in Marriage: The Identification of Illness-Identity Scripts

This study describes illness-related talk in marriage. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were employed to identify and examine emergent themes of how couples talk about not feeling well. Fifty-three couples jointly participated in an open-ended interview and individually completed a series of questionnaires. Narrative analysis supports the notion that couples’ illness-related narratives are indicative of the couples’ relationship culture and identity. Five distinct couple types emerged from the illness-related scripts that the couples presented: the sympathetic couple, the independent couple, the mixed couple, the nonreciprocal couple, and the rejecting couple. Statistical analyses revealed several patterns of satisfaction and health perceptions that varied by sex.
INTRATHECAL MORPHINE FOR POSTOPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF IN CHILDREN

Intrathecal morphine was given to 56 children undergoing open-heart surgery. The first 27 patients received 0.03 mg kg-1 and the other 29 received 0.02 mg kg-1. Satisfactory postoperative analgesia, lasting for 22 h or longer, was obtained in over 60% of the patients in each group. Respiratory depression occurred in six of the first group (0.03 mg kg-1), and three in the second (0.02 mgkg-1), most frequently between 3.5 and 4.5 h after the administration of the intrathecal morphine.
The Carboxyl-terminal Region of the Retinoblastoma Protein Binds Non-competitively to Protein Phosphatase Type 1α and Inhibits Catalytic Activity

Abstract pRB, a negative-growth regulatory protein, is a demonstrated substrate for type 1 serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP1). In a recent report from this laboratory, we demonstrated that select forms of phosphorylated as well as hypophosphorylated pRB can be found complexed with the α-isotype of PP1 (PP1α). This complex can also be observed when PP1 is rendered catalytically dead by toxin inhibition. These data suggested to us that pRB may bind to PP1 at one or more sites other than the catalytically active one on the enzyme and that such binding may play a role other than bringing the substrate into contact with the enzyme to facilitate catalysis. To address this possibility we utilized a series of pRB deletion mutants and coprecipitation studies to map the pRB domain involved in binding to PP1. Together with competition assays using in vivoexpression of SV40 T-antigen, we show here that the carboxyl-terminal region of pRB is both necessary and sufficient for physical interaction with PP1. Subsequent biochemical analyses demonstrated inhibition of PP1 catalytic activity toward the standard substrate phosphorylasea when this enzyme is bound to pRB containing this region.K m and V max calculations revealed that pRB binds to PP1 in a non-competitive manner. These data support the notion that pRB, in addition to being a substrate for PP1, also functions as a PP1 inhibitor. The significance of this finding with respect to the functional importance of this interaction is discussed.
Fractures in hospitalized children

Hospitalized children have multiple risk factors for fragility fractures, related to disease pathophysiology, treatments, nutritional status and immobilization. Recognition and treatment of these risk factors are important to prevent morbidity associated with fractures and to promote current and future bone health. Many knowledge gaps remain regarding the ideal nutrition, physical activity, and medication regimens needed to optimize bone health and reduce the risk of fractures over the life course. This article reviews the pathogenesis, risk factors, treatment and prevention strategies for fractures in hospitalized infants and children.
Contribution of a rigid body dynamic model to plume impingement analysis for the space station Freedom

Two types of dynamic models will be used in plume analysis for the space station Freedom: finite-element and large-displacement rigid body. The rigid-body model will be used for two purposes: (1) to assist in predicting likely plume loads, and (2) to test the hypothesis that incremental dynamic feathering during approach can bring extra plume load relief over the current baseline option. The plume impingement aspect of the rigid model and the use of the rigid model in simulation and in partnership with structural dynamic analysis are discussed. >
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type I Tax Repression of p73β Is Mediated through Competition for the C/H1 Domain of CBP

The Tax protein, encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), is required for high level viral transcription and HTLV-I-associated malignant transformation. Although the precise mechanism of malignant transformation by Tax is unclear, it is well established that Tax represses the transcription function of the tumor suppressor p53, possibly accelerating the accumulation of genetic mutations that are critical in HTLV-I-mediated malignant transformation. Tax repression of p53 transcription function appears to occur, at least in part, through competition for the cellular coactivator CBP/p300. In this study, we characterize the effect of Tax on the p53 family member, p73. We demonstrate that Tax also represses the transcription function of p73β and that the repression is reciprocal in vivo, consistent with the idea that both transcription factors may compete for CBP/p300 in vivo. We provide evidence showing that both Tax and p73 interact strongly with the C/H1 domain of CBP and that their binding to this region is mutually exclusive in vitro. This finding provides evidence supporting the idea that reciprocal transcriptional repression between Tax and p73 is mediated through coactivator competition.