cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation assessment of the direct‐push permeameter for characterizing vertical variations in hydraulic conductivity

[1] The direct-push permeameter (DPP) is a tool for the in situ characterization of hydraulic conductivity (K) in shallow, unconsolidated formations. This device, which consists of a short screened section with a pair of pressure transducers near the screen, is advanced into the subsurface with direct-push technology. K is determined through a series of injection tests conducted between advancements. Recent field work by Butler et al. (2007) has shown that the DPP holds great potential for describing vertical variations in K at an unprecedented level of detail, accuracy and speed. In this paper, the fundamental efficacy of the DPP is evaluated through a series of numerical simulations. These simulations demonstrate that the DPP can provide accurate K information under conditions commonly faced in the field. A single DPP test provides an effective K for the domain immediately surrounding the interval between the injection screen and the most distant pressure transducer. Features that are thinner than that interval can be quantified by reducing the vertical distance between successive tests and analyzing the data from all tests simultaneously. A particular advantage of the DPP is that, unlike most other single borehole techniques, a low-K skin or a clogged screen has a minimal impact on the K estimate. In addition, the requirement that only steady-shape conditions be attained allows for a dramatic reduction in the time required for each injection test.
Abstract 3728: A discovery platform for allosteric modulators of c-Abl kinase function

The c-Abl protein-tyrosine kinase regulates intracellular signaling pathways controlling cell growth, adhesion, and responses to genotoxic stress. The kinase activity of c-Abl is repressed by intramolecular interactions involving its non-catalytic SH3 and SH2 domains. The SH3 domain interacts with a polyproline type II helix formed by the SH2-kinase linker, while the SH2 domain interacts with the C-lobe of kinase domain away from the active site. In addition, the myristoylated N-terminal cap region (Ncap) binds a hydrophobic pocket in the C-lobe of the kinase domain, clamping the SH3 and SH2 domains against the back of the kinase domain. Small molecules that allosterically regulate c-Abl kinase activity through its non-catalytic domains may represent selective probes of c-Abl function in diverse tumor types. In this study, we developed a chemical library screening assay designed to identify chemical modulators of c-Abl kinase activity that either disrupt or stabilize the regulatory interaction of the SH3 domain with the SH2-kinase linker. This fluorescence polarization (FP) assay is based on a recombinant purified protein consisting of the c-Abl Ncap, SH3 and SH2 domains plus the linker (N32L protein) and a short fluorescein-labeled probe peptide that binds to the SH3 domain. In assay development experiments, we found that the probe peptide binds to the recombinant c-Abl N32L protein in vitro, producing a robust FP signal that can be competed with an excess of unlabeled peptide. The FP signal is not observed with control N32L proteins bearing either an inactivating mutation in the SH3 domain or enhanced SH3:linker interaction. The assay was optimized with respect to probe peptide sequence, probe and N32L protein concentrations, DMSO tolerance, and FP signal stability over time. Pilot library screens were then performed with the NCI Diversity Set III and an FDA-approved drug library (2800 compounds total). Seven compounds were identified that specifically reduced the FP signal by at least three standard deviations from the untreated controls. Secondary assays showed that one of these hit compounds enhances c-Abl kinase activity in vitro, suggesting that it disrupts regulation of kinase activity through the non-catalytic region. These results show that screening assays based on the non-catalytic domains of c-Abl can identify small molecule regulators of kinase function. Citation Format: Prerna Grover, Thomas E. Smithgall. A discovery platform for allosteric modulators of c-Abl kinase function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3728. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3728
Numerical Modeling of Electrochemical Process for Hydrogen Production From PEM Electrolyzer Cell

Numerical simulations of proton exchange water electrolysis for hydrogen production were performed for the purpose of examining the phenomena occurring within the proton exchange membranes (PEM) water splitting cell. A two-dimensional steady-state isothermal model of the cell has been developed. Finite element method was used to solve the multicomponent transport model coupled with flow in porous medium, charge balance and electrochemical kinetics. The Maxwell-Stefan equation is applied for the multi-component diffusion and convection in water distribution electrodes. The Butler-Volmer kinetic equation is used to obtain the local current density distribution at the catalyst reactive boundaries. Darcy’s law was applied for the flow of species in the porous electrodes. Parametric studies are performed based on appropriate mass balances, transport, and electrochemical kinetics applied to the electrolysis cell. There are significant current spikes present at the corners of the current collector. The current density varies significantly in the cell, being highest at the corners of the current collector. As the water on the anode side flows from the inlet to the outlet, the mass fraction of oxygen increases. This is the effect of oxygen concentration due to the effect oxidation of water. On the cathode side, as the mass fraction of water decreases there is little variation in the hydrogen mass fraction content due to the effect of hydrogen reduction.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Efficient algorithms for shared camera control

We consider a system that allows n networked users to share control over a robotic webcamera. Each user guides the camera pan, tilt and zoom, by drawing a rectangle in the user interface. The server adjusts the camera to best satisfy the user requests, by solving a geometric optimization problem that requires fitting one rectangle to many. We improve upon previous results with an O(n3/2 log3 n) time exact algorithm for this problem. We also present a simple near-linear time e-approximation algorithm. We have implemented the latter and report on experimental results.
Specters of Industry: Adaptive Reuse in Paris as Industrial Patrimony

(2009). Specters of Industry. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 135-140.
Institutional Theory: Employing the Other Side of Rationality in Non-profit Organizations1

SUMMARY The non-profit sector has become increasingly important in diverse economic, political and social environments. It is not clear that we have effectively communicated, to colleagues, students and decision makers, theoretical developments useful for understanding and managing non-profit organizations. This paper discusses the potential implications of institutional theory to the management of one type of non-profit organization, the publicly supported non-profit organization with input-output relationships that are not well understood. We review institutional theory and discuss the implications of institutional theory to the management and evaluation of publicly supported non-profit organizations.
Left ventricular thrombus and stroke after myocardial infarction: toward prevention or perplexity?

Cardiogenic cerebral thromboembolism is responsible for about 15% of all cases of ischemic stroke-not as many as attributed to thrombotic or embolic complications of cerebrovascular disease, but still the cause of disabling stroke in >75,000 Americans annually (1). As we recently reviewed (2), cardiac diseases underlying these events involve atria1 fibrillation in about half the cases and valvular heart disease or left ventricular mural thrombus in the remainder (1,3). Sixty percent of emboli of left ventricular origin are a consequence of acute myocardial infarction (1,4), accounting for 15,000 to 25,000 embolic strokes each year. Several studies suggest that the risk is highest in the first 1 to 3 months after infarction and perhaps even greater in the first 10 days for patients with a large anterior infarct who have a 30% to 40% chance of developing ventricular thrombus and about a 5% risk of embolism (4,5). In addition, those who survive become part of a larger population of patients with chronic ventricular dysfunction in whom the potential for embolism is persistent (6). Left ventricular thromhus in acute myocardial infarction. In patients with myocardial infarction, >90% of ventricular thrombi occur when the anterior wall becomes hypokinetic or akinetic, enlarging the apical zone of intraventricular stasis. Inflammatory changes at the endocardial surface and enhanced thrombogenicity are additional reasons thromboembolism occurs most frequently within the first 10 days of a coronary event, although the tendency to thrombus formation may persist during the first 1 to 3 months. Infarct size seems directly related to thromboembolic risk, and the incidence of left ventricular thrombus during the early postinfarction period exceeds 50% in those with anteroapical
Fluorescent probe for monosaccharides based on a functionalized boron-dipyrromethene with a boronic acid group

A new highly fluorescent probe based on a boron-dipyrromethene functionalized with a phenylboronic acid group was synthesized from 2,4-dimethylpyrrol and 4-formylphenylboronic acid. Spectral changes in both absorption and emission spectra were observed in the presence of sugars.
Sagittal craniofacial growth in the fetal macaque monkey Macaca nemestrina.

Abstract In the third trimester of fetal life in Macaca nemestrina , the craniofacial dimensions in the sagittal plane showed no statistically significant sexual differences. In the human fetus, facial dimensions and the anterior cranial base grow isometrically with proportional constancy relative to overall fetal length. In this study a linear regression in which the Y -intercept differed significantly from zero was used as an indicator of allometry. For the pooled male-female M. nemestrina sample, the regression coefficient for each variable was statistically significant for the linear function Y = a + b (CRL). The 99 per cent confidence intervals for the Y -intercepts of the variables measuring anterior and posterior upper facial height and pterygoid process length included zero, suggesting the proportional constancy relative to fetal size of isometric growth. The confidence intervals of the anterior, posterior, and total cranial base length did not include zero, suggesting allometric growth. The difference in the anterior cranial base growth pattern between human fetuses and those of M. nemestrina probably reflects the greater activity of midsphenoidal synchondrosis in M. nemestrina .
Potent and Selective Structure-Based Dibenzofuran Inhibitors of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis: Kinetic Stabilization of the Native State

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidogenesis requires rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and partial monomer denaturation to produce a misassembly competent species. This process has been followed by turbidity to identify transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors including dibenzofuran-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (1). An X-ray cocrystal structure of TTR·12 reveals that it only utilizes the outer portion of the two thyroxine binding pockets to bind to and inhibit TTR amyloidogenesis. Herein, structure-based design was employed to append aryl substituents at C1 of the dibenzofuran ring to complement the unused inner portion of the thyroxine binding pockets. Twenty-eight amyloidogenesis inhibitors of increased potency and dramatically increased plasma TTR binding selectivity resulted. These function by imposing kinetic stabilization on the native tetrameric structure of TTR, creating a barrier that is insurmountable under physiological conditions. Since kinetic stabilization of the TTR native state by interallelic trans su...
Phase I Trial of Gross Total Resection, Permanent Iodine-125 Brachytherapy, and Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of gross total resection and permanent I-125 brachytherapy followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Methods and Materials From April 1999 to May 2002, 21 patients with glioblastoma multiforme were enrolled on a Phase I protocol investigating planned gross total resection and immediate placement of permanent I-125 seeds, followed by postoperative hyperfractionated radiotherapy to a dose of 60 Gy at 100 cGy b.i.d., 5 days per week. Median age and Karnofsky performance status were 50 years (range, 32–65 years) and 90 (range, 70–100), respectively. Toxicity was assessed according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Results Eighteen patients completed treatment according to protocol. The median preoperative tumor volume on magnetic resonance imaging was 18.6 cm 3 (range, 4.4–41.2 cm 3 ). The median brachytherapy dose measured 5 mm radially outward from the resection cavity was 400 Gy (range, 200–600 Gy). Ten patients underwent 12 reoperations, with 11 of 12 reoperations demonstrating necrosis without evidence of tumor. Because of high toxicity, the study was terminated early. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 57 and 114 weeks, respectively, but not significantly improved compared with historical patients treated at University of California, San Francisco, with gross total resection and radiotherapy without brachytherapy. Conclusions Treatment with gross total resection and permanent I-125 brachytherapy followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy as performed in this study results in high toxicity and reoperation rates, without demonstrated improvement in survival.
Isolation of brain Ca2+-calmodulin tubulin kinase containing calmodulin binding proteins

Abstract Ca2+-calmodulin tubulin kinase activity was isolated from brain cytosol and separated from its substrate protein, tubulin, and Ca2+ regulatory protein, calmodulin. Characterization of the Ca2+-tubulin kinase system revealed a Km of 4 μM, 0.5 μM, 60 μM for Ca2+, calmodulin and ATP, respectively. The tubulin kinase system bound to a calmodulin affinity column in the presence of Ca2+ and was released from the column by chelation with EGTA. A major 55,000 and a minor 65,000 dalton peptide were identified as the only calmodulin binding proteins in the enzyme fraction, indicating that one or both of these peptides represent the calmodulin binding subunit of the Ca2+-calmodulin tubulin kinase system.
PAK4 is required for regulation of the cell‐cycle regulatory protein p21, and for control of cell‐cycle progression

The serine/threonine kinase PAK4 regulates cytoskeletal architecture, and controls cell proliferation and survival. In most adult tissues PAK4 is expressed at low levels, but overexpression of PAK4 is associated with uncontrolled proliferation, inappropriate cell survival, and oncogenic transformation. Here we have studied for the first time, the role for PAK4 in the cell cycle. We found that PAK4 levels peak dramatically but transiently in the early part of G1 phase. Deletion of Pak4 was also associated with an increase in p21 levels, and PAK4 was required for normal p21 degradation. In serum-starved cells, the absence of PAK4 led to a reduction in the amount of cells in G1, and an increase in the amount of cells in G2/M phase. We propose that the transient increase in PAK4 levels at early G1 reduces p21 levels, thereby abrogating the activity of CDK4/CDK6 kinases, and allowing cells to proceed with the cell cycle in a precisely coordinated way. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1795–1806, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Rapidly growing Brtl/+ mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta improves bone mass and strength with sclerostin antibody treatment

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable collagen-related bone dysplasia, characterized by brittle bones with increased fracture risk that presents most severely in children. Anti-resorptive bisphosphonates are frequently used to treat pediatric OI and controlled clinical trials have shown that bisphosphonate therapy improves vertebral outcomes but has little benefit on long bone fracture rate. New treatments which increase bone mass throughout the pediatric OI skeleton would be beneficial. Sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) is a potential candidate anabolic therapy for pediatric OI and functions by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation via the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. To explore the effect of Scl-Ab on the rapidly growing OI skeleton, we treated rapidly growing 3week old Brtl/+ mice, harboring a typical heterozygous OI-causing Gly→Cys substitution on col1a1, for 5weeks with Scl-Ab. Scl-Ab had anabolic effects in Brtl/+ and led to new cortical bone formation and increased cortical bone mass. This anabolic action resulted in improved mechanical strength to WT Veh levels without altering the underlying brittle nature of the material. While Scl-Ab was anabolic in trabecular bone of the distal femur in both genotypes, the effect was less strong in these rapidly growing Brtl/+ mice compared to WT. In conclusion, Scl-Ab was able to stimulate bone formation in a rapidly growing Brtl/+ murine model of OI, and represents a potential new therapy to improve bone mass and reduce fracture risk in pediatric OI.
Implementation methodology and error analysis for the University of Washington English Document Image Database-I

Document database preparation is a very time-consuming job and usually requires the involvement of many people. Any database is prone to having errors however carefully it was constructed. To assure the high quality of the document image database, a carefully planned implementation methodology is absolutely needed. In this paper, an implementation methodology that we employed to produce the UW English Document Image Database I is described. The paper also discusses how to estimate the distribution of errors contained in a database based on a double-data entry/double verification procedure.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Detrimental hemodynamic effects of assisted ventilation in hemorrhagic states.

Objective: Our goal was to demonstrate explicitly that lower-frequency positive-pressure ventilation not only preserves adequate oxygenation and acid-base status in hemorrhagic states, but also that normal or higher respiratory rates significantly compromise hemodynamics, even with moderate degrees of hemorrhage. Design and Subjects: Eight intubated pigs (ventilated with 12 mL/kg tidal volume, 28% FIO 2 , respiratory rate = 12 breaths/min) were hemorrhaged to 7.25 and SaO 2 of >99% while increasing systolic blood pressure (mean, 65-84 mm Hg; p <.05), time-averaged coronary perfusion pressure (50 ± 2 to 60 ± 4 mm Hg; p <.05), and cardiac output (2.4 to 2.8 Umin; p <.05). With respiratory rates of 20 and 30 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure (73 ± 4 and 66 ± 5 mm Hg, respectively), coronary perfusion pressure (47 ± 3 and 42 ± 4 mm Hg), and cardiac output (2.5 and 2.4 Umin) diminished. When returned to 6 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure (95 mm Hg), coronary perfusion pressure (71 + 6 mm Hg), and cardiac output (3.0 L/min) improved significantly (p <.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: After moderate hemorrhage, animals maintain adequate oxygenation and acid-base status with lower-frequency respiratory rates, whereas increasingly higher respiratory rates progressively and significantly impair hemodynamics. Current ventilatory protocols for trauma resuscitation should be re-examined and considered a possible cause of worsened clinical outcomes and unrecognized confounded study results.
A facile preparation of enantiomers of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyrate, a novel plant growth regulator

Abstract Malonic ester synthesis combined with lipase-catalyzed enantioselective partial hydrolysis was used to prepare enantiomers of ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyrate, a novel plant growth regulator. Among six commercially available enzymes, lipase AK (a lipase from Pseudomonas sp.) showed high enantioselectivity and moderate reactivity. The hydrolysis of racemic diethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(indole-3-)ethylmalonate (DTFIE) with lipase AK gave, following usual treatment of the products, S-(+)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric acid (TFIBA) ethyl ester having 95% e.e. and R-(−)-TFIBA ethyl ester having >99% e.e. The optimized conditions for lipase AK hydrolysis were 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 10% hexane at 45°C.
Working and setting times of root canal sealants determined by the oscillating rheometer.

— The working and setting times of medium and long setting endodontic root canal sealants can be determined by the oscillating rheometer. Values more closely related to clinical observations are obtained when intermittent action of the rheometer drive is employed (3 oscillations every 5 minutes). The modification to the apparatus needed is described and results of tests with and without the modification are presented. These indicate that the oscillatory movement, although slight, does continue the mixing process yielding reduced values for working and setting times.
Health Behaviors and Social Roles among Mature Men and Women

This article explores the relationship between gender, social roles, age, education, number of health problems, and health behaviors in mature adults. Data from a national study focus on women and men ages 54 to 64. Analyses indicate that women are more likely to avoid risk-taking health behaviors; in particular, men are more likely to report that they drink alcohol. There were no gender differences in promotive health behaviors or cancer detection behaviors. Further analyses focus on the relationship of two social roles (marital and employment status), demographic variables (gender, age, education), and number of health problems on promotive health behaviors, risk avoidance behaviors, and cancer detection behaviors. Social roles are related to health behaviors as follows: employed women are less likely to report cancer detection behaviors than are unemployed women; married men are more likely to engage in risk avoidance behaviors than are unmarried men. Demographic comparisons indicate that education and...
Optimal chip sizing for multi-chip modules

The functions of a complex electronic system will be partitioned across multiple chips. An optimal system using PWB technology will contain just a few chips in order to minimize the inter-chip delays. However, the area delay penalty for inter-die interconnects is much lower for MCM technology, and different partitioning options should be considered. This paper develops a criteria for optimal MCM chip sizing based upon system quality level, cost and silicon efficiency. The criteria are then applied to a 500,000 gate MCM case study. >
Heat transfer during piston compression

An experimental and theoretical study has been carried out to determine the unsteady heat transfer from a nonreacting gas to the end wall of a channel during the piston compression of a single stroke. A thin platinum film resistance thermometer records the surface temperature of the wall during the compression. A conduction analysis in the wall, subject to the measured surface temperature variation, then yields the unsteady heat flux. A separate analysis based on the solution of the laminar boundary layer equations in the gas provides an independent determination of the heat flux. The two results are shown to be in good agreement. This is true for measurements that were made in air and in argon. Results for the heat transfer coefficient as a function of time are also presented and exhibit a nonmonotonic variation.
Preparation of some labeled glycosphingolipids by catalytic addition of tritium.

Abstract Three experiments are described in which seven tritium-labeled glycosphingolipids were prepared by catalytic addition of tritium gas to unsaturated centers. These compounds include glucosyl ceramide, galactosyl ceramide, lactosyl ceramide (cytolipin H), N-acetylgalactosaminyl (β1 → 3) galactosyl (α1 → 3) galactosyl (β1 → 4) glucosyl ceramide (cytolipin R), and three species of gangliosides: GM1 (G4), GM3 (G6), and GD1a (G3).
Advanced Labyrinth Seal Design Performance for High Pressure Ratio Gas Turbines

Labyrinth seal air leakage performance in current and advanced high pressure ratio gas turbines is directly related to the limitations of current available sealing technology. Sea design technology has not kept pace with the gas turbine major component advances. Therefore, an investigation was undertaken to design, fabricate and test several unique labyrinth seal concepts intended to decrease leakage through higher efficiency. The approach used in the unique designs for improving the efficiency of labyrinth seals involved increasing the internal cavity turbulence of the seal. The program involved three test and evaluation phases: (a) water tunnel studies; (b) static air rig tests; and (c) dynamic air rig tests. The water tunnel rig provided an economical method of screening the unique candidate designs. The most promising configurations from the water rig were fabricated and tested in the static air rig. Those configurations demonstrating a significant reduction in seal leakage over current designs were tested dynamically up to 786 ft/sec in an air rig to assess the effects of rotation. The results of this program effort show that each of the unique seal designs achieved lower leakage rates than a standard baseline step seal. In addition the dynamic seal test results show minimal effect on leakage due to rotation up to 786 ft/sec.Copyright © 1975 by ASME
Palliative care/hospice and the withdrawal of dialysis.

While the majority of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on dialysis lead satisfying lives, an increasing number are choosing to withdraw from dialysis before death. A partnership between neph...
Feature based models for manufacturability assessment

Abstract This paper presents a Petri-net based modeling tool which enables part programs to be converted to a format which can be analyzed. The method builds upon individual “feature net” and a set of union rules to obtain a complete net of the model. The product manufacturability can be analyzed accordingly. The Petri-net properties of the model are presented in terms of safeness, boundedness, strict conservation, reachability and liveness. The robustness of the system is imbedded into the model with the introduction of cutting condition control, path reachability, and the concept of deadlock free systems. Two structures, line and arc, are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the present approach. The results shows the strength of Petri-net theory in the modeling of complex part for manufacturability assessment.
Rheological properties of arteries under normal and experimental hypertension conditions.

Abstract Rheological properties of rabbit aortas in vitro were studied under control and hypertensive conditions by subjecting small segments of the aorta to uniaxial stress relaxation tests for various constant strain values ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 and stress-strain tests for deformation rates ranging from 8 to 40 mm/min. An examination of experimental results indicates that below a strain value ϵ0, which depends upon the location of aortic segment within the aorta, the arterial tissue essentially displays pure elastic response. For strains above this strain value, the tissue displays time dependent response. Based upon a nonlinear viscoelasticity theory, a constitutive relation involving six material constants for the characterization of the observed stress relaxation behavior has been developed. Results indicate that the material constants for normotensive and hypertensive aortas differ significantly. It is found that the effect of hypertension is to increase the in vitro stiffness of the aortas. The paper suggests the observed increase of stiffness to an increase in collagen fiber density and water absorption in the arterial wall.
Molecular evolution of color vision in vertebrates

Visual systems of vertebrates exhibit a striking level of diversity, reflecting their adaptive responses to various color environments. The photosensitive molecules, visual pigments, can be synthesized in vitro and their absorption spectra can be determined. Comparing the amino acid sequences and absorption spectra of various visual pigments, we can identify amino acid changes that have modified the absorption spectra of visual pigments. These hypotheses can then be tested using the in vitro assay. This approach has been a powerful tool in elucidating not only the molecular bases of color vision, but the processes of adaptive evolution at the molecular level.
Computer Aids For Scientists And Engineers

A General Expert Systems Package for Science and Engineering that is now being deve-loped consists of two Automatic Deductive, two Learning and eight Service Systems, each of which is an Expert System that can function independently. Operational prototypes exist for nine of the twelve systems. The Service Expert Systems perform operations that are common to many problems In science and engineering, such as high-speed information management, data compression, transporting high-level language code to different machine environments, curve-fitting and data description. The high-speed information management system, SOLID, which uses minimal storage, is both data (or information) and logically independent. SOLID executes all operations (retrieve, store, delete and update) at very high-speeds in bounded time. The data compression system, INTEGRAL, compresses and decompresses bit-strings at rates often in excess of 8 MBaud without loss of even a single significant binary-bit, to yield savings as high as 99.98%.
Field-ion microscopy of osmium

Abstract Osmium has been successfully imaged in the field-ion microscope using helium ions at temperatures of about 87 K and lower. Specimen preparation procedures and details of image characteristics are described.
Salt influence on germination and seedling survival of six cool season turfgrass species

Abstract ‘Merion’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), ‘Pennfine’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), ‘Seaside’ creeping bent‐grass (Agrostis palustris Huds.), ‘Dawson’ slender creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra trichophylla (L.) Gaud.), ‘Fults’ weeping alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl.), and ‘common’ Lemmon alkaligrass (Puccinellia lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn.) were evaluated for germination and seedling survival in the greenhouse and laboratory under saline conditions. Overall results indicated that weeping and Lemmon alkaligrass were superior performers under saline and/or sodic conditions. Among the remaining four species, none appeared clearly superior in overall performance.
Improving the Performance of Constant pH Molecular Dynamics with Generalized Born Electrostatics

Conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations require that protonation states for all acidic and basic residues are fixed for the duration of the simulation. The conformational space sampled in the simulation is thus biased by the input protonation states, and the interplay between protonation change and conformational change is lost. Constant pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD) methods allow protonation states of titratable residues to change during the MD simulation, allowing for coupling between protonation and conformational to occur. Herein, we present a CpHMD method with generalized Born (GB) electrostatics, employing Monte Carlo steps within the simulation to allow protonation states to change discretely over the course of the simulation. Learning from pKa blind predictions conducted on the Staphylococcus nuclease Δ+PHS variant, our work focuses on improving the sampling of protonation space through alterations to the Monte Carlo scheme. Improvements to this method will enable better descriptions of pH-dependent phenomena in computer simulations, including ligand binding and protein folding.
Characterization of flagellin expression and its role in Listeria monocytogenes infection and immunity

Flagellin is the structural component of flagella produced by many pathogenic bacteria and is a potent proinflammatory molecule that mediates these effects through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5. In Listeria monocytogenes (LM), flagellin expression is regulated by temperature and has been described as being shut off at 37 degrees C. In this study, we demonstrate that TLR5-mediated cell activation and flagellin expression is maintained at 37 degrees C in some laboratory-adapted strains and in approximately 20% of LM clinical isolates. To determine the role of flagellin in LM infection, a targeted mutation in the structural gene for flagellin (flaA) was generated in a parental LM strain that expressed flagellin under all conditions examined. In vitro studies demonstrated that this deltaflaA mutant was (i). non-motile; (ii). not able to activate TLR5-transfected HeLa cells; and (iii). induced tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in approximately 50% fewer CD11b+ cells in splenocytes from normal mice compared with the parental strain. However, there was no significant alteration in virulence of the deltaflaA mutant after either intravenous or oral murine infection. Similarly, there was no difference in the generation of LM-specific CD8 or CD4 T cells after intravenous or oral infection. These data indicate that flagellin is not essential for LM pathogenesis or for the induction of LM-specific adaptive immune responses in normal mice.
Gastroscopic removal of a partial denture

A 14-year-old boy accidentally swallowed a partial denture fabricated of radiolucent acrylic material. A young boy accidentally ingested a partial denture. Although the denture was finally extracted easily from the stomach with a fiberoptic endoscope, diagnostic confusion did occur because the denture was made of radiolucent acrylic material. The need for the use of radiopaque denture material is emphasized, and the efficacy of the fiberoptic endoscope in the removal of ingested dental prostheses is outlined.
Secondary production of Rhyacophila minora, Ameletus sp., and Isonychia bicolor from streams of low and circumneutral pH in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia

We estimated the secondary production of Rhyacophila minora, Ameletus sp., and Isonychia bicolor in three acidic streams and one circumneutral stream in Randolph County, West Virginia. Quantitative benthic samples were collected monthly from these second-order streams from November 1990 to October 1991. Mean pH values in the acidic streams were 4.5, 4.8, and 4.8, and mean pH in the circumneutral stream was 6.7. Production estimates for Rhyacophia minora in the acidic streams were 49.6, 19.2, and 15.8 mg m−2 y−1. Production of R. minora in the circumneutral stream was 1.0 mg m−2 y−1. Ameletus sp. production estimates for the acidic streams were 144.8, 176.8, and 208.3 mg m−2 y−1. Ameletus sp. production in the circumneutral stream was 7.4 mg m−2 y−1. Secondary production of I. bicolor in the circumneutral stream was 116.6 mg m−2 y−1. No Isonychia were collected from the acidic streams. The higher production of R. minora and Ameletus sp. in the acidic streams may be associated with differences in macroinvertebrate community structure.
Magneto-optical measurement of anisotropy energy constant(s) for amorphous rare earth, transition metal alloys

Measurements of the anisotropy energy constants of rare-earth-transition-metal (RE-TM) thin films at temperatures from ambient to 150 degrees C are reported. An in-plane magnetic field (up to 16.5 kOe) is applied to a saturated sample with perpendicular magnetization. The movement of magnetization away from the perpendicular direction is monitored using the polar Kerr effect. Due to the limited penetration depth of light at the He-Ne wavelength of 632.8 nm, the Kerr effect is principally due to the top 500 AA of the transition metal subnetwork in the films. >
Superoxide activates constitutive nitric oxide synthase in a brain particulate fraction.

Abstract Nitric oxide ( NO ) can act as an antioxidant by directly scavenging reactive free radicals, inhibiting the oxidative chemistry of iron, and signaling the up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. However, the cellular utility of NO as an antioxidant requires that constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) be activated rapidly by a signal(s) for oxidant formation. We report here that superoxide (O2 −), added directly as potassium superoxide (KO2), produced a superoxide dismutase-sensitive and hydrogen peroxide-independent stimulation of NOS activity, measured by the conversion of [3H]arginine to [ 3 H ] citrulline and nitrite formation, in a synaptic particulate fraction from rat brain cerebral cortex. O2 − produced maximal activation of NOS in the presence of the antioxidant urate and ATP. Stimulation of NOS activity by O2 − was abolished by N-monomethyl- l -arginine and by the Ca2+ chelator EGTA but not by 7-nitroindazole, which would be expected to inhibit neuronal NOS. We propose that limited activation of NOS by O2 − may be an important contributor to brain oxidant defenses and, more generally, a signal for cellular adaptation and survival, although excessive generation of nitrogen oxides would be expected to produce neurotoxicity.
Universal vaccination of healthy children against influenza: a role for the cold-adapted intranasal influenza vaccine.

The incidence of influenza in children well exceeds that of the elderly and has been identified as the basis for 20% of doctor visits for children during the winter. The disease results in over 100 hospitalizations per 100 000 person-months in children <2 years of age. Furthermore, children serve as the major vector in the community; thus, influenza in children results in significant costs to society.
Coordinate scaling in time-dependent current-density-functional theory

The coupling-constant dependence is derived in time-dependent current-density-functional theory. The scaling relation can be used to check approximate functionals and in conjunction with the adiabatic connection formula to obtain the ground-state energy from the exchange-correlation kernel. The result for the uniform gas using the Vignale-Kohn approximation is deduced.
The effect of treating with anti-interleukin-1 receptor antibody on the course of experimental murine cutaneous leishmaniasis

To assess the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in cutaneous leishmaniasis, Leishmania major-infected mice were treated with an anti-IL-1 receptor monoclonal antibody, LA-15.6. MoAb LA-15.6 prevents binding of IL-1 to both the T cell and B cell/macrophage forms of the IL-1 receptor. We found that treating with LA 15.6 inhibited the development of cutaneous lesions of L. major in both genetically-susceptible and resistant mice. Interestingly, this treatment had little or no effect on parasite numbers in the lesions or on the cytokines (interferon-gamma, interleukin-4) that the animals produced in response to infection with the parasite. These results suggest that although IL-1 plays a detrimental role in cutaneous leishmaniasis, it does not mediate this effect by altering the parasite-specific T cell response.
A fiber optic sensor for monitoring suspended sediment

A new instrument that can be used to continuously monitor concentration of suspended particulates in close proximity to the sea bed (z< 3.5 cm) is described. The instrument is composed of a narrow band source light, a photodiode detector, and glass fibers that transmit and receive light. Individual sensors can be sampled rapidly (8 Hz) and respond linearly to increasing concentrations of sediment over the range 0–100 gl−1. An array of sensors can be deployed from z=0.5 to 3.5 cm above the seabed providing simultaneous time series of suspended sediment concentration at five discrete elevations. Results of a field deployment in the swash zone of a dissipative beach indicate that the performance of the instrument is comparable to that of the standard optical backscatter sensor (OBS). The data show that se the standard optical backscatter sensor (OBS). The data show that sediment resuspension in the swash zone is strongly correlated with low frequency cross-shore flows with peak concentrations exceeding 200 gl−1.
Position stabilization of a guyed antenna tower

Accurately maintaining the position of a communications antenna under environmental loadings, such as that due to wind, can affect the performance of the antenna. This paper describes work that examines the feasibility of using actively controlled guy wires to maintain the position of an antenna tower under wind loading. This study examines the position control of a laboratory scale model antenna under variable wind loading conditions. Two independent active guy wires and passive guy wires control the antenna position. The active guy wires use geared-down stepper motors as actuators. Feedback signals are provided with fiber optic and foil strain gages. The performance of various control algorithms is assessed. The possibility of scaling up the system for use on full-scale systems is discussed.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Immunocytological evidence for parathyroid hormone in human fetal parathyroid glands.

Immunostaining with antiserum to bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) was used to delineate the immunoreactive PTH (iPTH)-containing cells of parathyroid glands from 1 anencephalic and 29 normal human fetuses. The antiserum (GPO 3) cross-reacted with human PTH and recognized the carboxyl-terminal fragments of the PTH molecule. No iPTHcontaining cells were observed in the parathyroid glands of the 6 fetuses younger than 10 weeks, in spite of the fact that organized parathyroid glands were identified by histological methods. By contrast, iPTH-containing cells were observed in all fetuses older than 10 weeks of gestation, including the anencephalic fetus. All cells were immunoreactive either at the cellular periphery or as a more diffuse cytoplasmic staining around the nucleus. No immunoreactive cells were observed in the thyroid or thymic parenchyma. The specificity of the immunocytological reaction was tested by the usual procedures. Previous in vitro studies suggested that parathyroid function might be active...
Activation of HydA(DeltaEFG) requires a preformed [4Fe-4S] cluster

The H-cluster is a complex bridged metal assembly at the active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases that consists of a [4Fe-4S] subcluster bridged to a 2Fe-containing subcluster with unique nonprotein ligands, including carbon monoxide, cyanide, and a dithiolate ligand of unknown composition. Specific biosynthetic gene products (HydE, HydF, and HydG) responsible for the biosynthesis of the H-cluster and the maturation of active [FeFe]-hydrogenase have previously been identified and shown to be required for the heterologous expression of active [FeFe]-hydrogenase [Posewitz, M. C., et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 25711-25720]. The precise roles of the maturation proteins are unknown; the most likely possibility is that they are directed at the synthesis of the entire 6Fe-containing H-cluster, the 2Fe subcluster, or only the unique ligands of the 2Fe subcluster. The spectroscopic and biochemical characterization of HydA(DeltaEFG) (the [FeFe]-hydrogenase structural protein expressed in the absence of the maturation machinery) reported here indicates that a [4Fe-4S] cluster is incorporated into the H-cluster site. The purified protein in a representative preparation contains Fe (3.1 +/- 0.5 Fe atoms per HydA(DeltaEFG)) and S(2-) (1.8 +/- 0.5 S(2-) atoms per HydA(DeltaEFG)) and exhibits UV-visible spectroscopic features characteristic of iron-sulfur clusters, including a bleaching of the visible chromophore upon addition of dithionite. The reduced protein gave rise to an axial S = (1)/(2) EPR signal (g = 2.04 and 1.91) characteristic of a reduced [4Fe-4S](+) cluster. Mossbauer spectroscopic characterization of (57)Fe-enriched HydA(DeltaEFG) provided further evidence of the presence of a redox active [4Fe-4S](2+/+) cluster. Iron K-edge EXAFS data provided yet further support for the presence of a [4Fe-4S] cluster in HydA(DeltaEFG). These spectroscopic studies were combined with in vitro activation studies that demonstrate that HydA(DeltaEFG) can be activated by the specific maturases only when a [4Fe-4S] cluster is present in the protein. In sum, this work supports a model in which the role of the maturation machinery is to synthesize and insert the 2Fe subcluster and/or its ligands and not the entire 6Fe-containing H-cluster bridged assembly.
The motivational impact of a compensation system on employee performance

Abstract Using expectancy theory as a frame of reference, a review of the literature indicated that the impact of perceptions about compensation systems on employee performance has not been adequately tested. Through the design and analysis employed in the present study, an effort was made to more appropriately examine this issue. Objective performance data and information about three perceptual variables (valence of pay, instrumentality, and expectancy) were obtained from a sample of 124 incentive-paid blue collar workers. The results offered some support for the hypothesized relationships. Valence and expectancy were significantly related to performance while instrumentality was not. An additive combination of the three variables explained a significant proportion of the variance in performance (R = .39). The hypothesized interaction among the variables, however, did not significantly increase the variance explained.
Surgical Treatment of Angina Pectoris: A Fifty Year Retrospective from Baylor/Methodist

In 1961, we described the surgical treatment of coronary artery disease when surgeons were only beginning to realize that the mechanical blockages might be amenable to operation.1 This report reviews briefly the experimental and clinical approaches to the surgical treatment of coronary occlusive disease, including the role of the Baylor/Methodist investigators. In 1768, William Heberden2 first described the syndrome of angina pectoris, stating that "... the sense of strangling, and anxiety with which it is attended, may make it not improperly be called angina pectoris." Edward Jenner3 was the first to correlate angina and coronary disease. His patient, John Hunter, died from calcification of the coronary arteries in 1793, as shown by autopsy. In a letter to Heberden, Jenner3 hypothesized a correlation between Hunter’s anginal attacks and the pathologic findings in the coronary arteries. Hunter’s angina attacks worsened, and although he did not know the cause, he described its manifestations and noted the emotional component: "My life is in the hands of any rascal who chooses to annoy me," and, indeed, he died during an angry quarrel with his colleagues at St. George’s Hospital about teaching programs.4 In 1876, Hammer5 made the first clinical diagnosis of coronary artery occlusive disease in a patient with angina, confirmed by autopsy. Despite these early observations, the role of angina pectoris in coronary occlusive disease was established only after Herrick’s report in 1912,6 which provided histologic and electrocardiographic evidence to support this association.
Hyperpolarizing and Depolarizing Receptor Potentials in the Scallop Eye

Depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses to light were recorded intracellularly from different cells in the scallop retina. Both types of potentials appear to be primary effects of light on photoreceptor cells.