cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on advertising in Asia: a critical analysis of the articles published in major advertising and communication journals, 1990–2009

This study content-analyzed scholarly articles on advertising in Asia published in four major journals in advertising and communication from 1990 to 2009. Findings included trends in research output, countries/territories studied, and media covered. Topical, theoretical, and methodological trends in those articles were also identified. Comparisons between the articles published in the 1990s and 2000s were made. Findings and their implications for future studies were discussed.
A comparison of the carbon-13 n.m.r. spectra of solid coals and their liquids obtained by catalytic hydrogenation

Abstract High-volatile bituminous and lignite coals have been studied by means of carbon-13 n.m.r. employing cross-polarization and magic-angle-spinning techniques. The solids spectra have been compared to those of the coal-derived liquids. By artificially broadening the high-resolution spectra of the liquids, a striking similarity in line shape and position is observed when the liquid spectra are compared with those of the corresponding solid coal. It is noted however that certain bands visible in the solid are no longer present in the liquefied state. The significance of these results is discussed in terms of carbon skeletal structures present in the solids but not in the liquids.
A numerical investigation of the impact of uncertain demand and varying risk preferences on the pricing and capacity decisions of transportation firms: The case of airlines

Abstract In this paper, we attempt to motivate the importance of uncertain demand and varying risk preferences in understanding the behavior of transportation firms. Using specific functional forms, a numerical investigation of this issue is carried out for the case of airlines. The major finding is that changes in risk preferences do not significantly affect the choice of fare but do affect the choice of capacity. This finding is shown to be fairly robust as sensitivity tests are performed for some of the key parameters in the model. Finally, the relevance of the analysis in terms of characterizing the airlines' initial response to deregulation is briefly discussed.
Development of a suspension serum-free helper-dependent adenovirus production system and assessment of co-infection conditions

Abstract Helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd), deleted in all viral protein-coding sequences has been designed to reduce immune response and favor long-term expression of therapeutic genes in clinical programs. Its production requires co-infection of E1-complementing cells with helper adenovirus (HAd). Significant progresses have been made in the molecular design of HDAd, but large scale production remains a challenge. In this work, a scalable system for HDAd production is designed and evaluated focusing on the co-infection step. A human embryo kidney 293 (293) derived cell line, the 293SF/FLPe was generated to produce efficiently HDAd while restricting the packaging of HAd. This cell line was adapted to grow in suspension and in serum-free medium. Multiplicity of infection (MOI) of HDAd ranging from 0.1 to 50 was evaluated in presence of HAd at a MOI of 5. Optimal MOIs for HDAd amplification were found in the range of 5–10. HAd contamination was only 1%. These results were validated in a 3 L bioreactor under controlled operating conditions where a higher HDAd yield of 2.6 × 10 9 viral particles (VP)/mL or 3.5 × 10 8 infectious units (IU)/mL of HDAd was obtained.
Distribution of 3H-nitrendipine in the isolated perfused rat heart as revealed by electron microscopic autoradiography

Subcellular distribution of 3H-nitrendipine was investigated in the isolated perfused rat heart by means of electron microscopic autoradiography. Mechanical measurements of cardiac contractile activity (dP/dt) were performed on the hearts used for autoradiography. There was a non-random pattern of silver grain distribution over the myocardial cells. The grain density, i.e. percentage of total grains/percentage of cell area, was determined for each cell component. A grain density higher than one was noted on the cell membrane, T-tubules and capillaries, indicating a significant incorporation of 3H-nitrendipine into the structures. Concentrations of unlabeled nitrendipine containing radiolabeled nitrendipine caused increased grain density and a decreased contractile activity (dP/dt) by 6% to 30%. It is therefore possible that the pharmacological action of nitrendipine is associated with the localization of 3H-nitrendipine on or in the cell membrane, T-tubules and capillaries.
Theoretical study of polymeric mixtures with different sequence statistics. I. Ising class: Linear random copolymers with different statistical sequences and ternary blends of linear random copolymers with homopolymers

We derive a Landau free energy functional for polymeric mixtures containing components with different sequence statistics. We then apply this general field theory to two mixtures that belong to the Ising universality class: mixtures of two different linear random copolymers, and ternary systems of linear random copolymers and two homopolymers. We discuss the instability conditions for the homogeneous state of these mixtures, and calculate the structure factors for different components in the homogeneous state. The structure factors show interesting features which can directly be compared with scattering experiments carried out with selectively deuterated samples. We also work out the eigenmodes representing the least stable concentration fluctuations for these mixtures. The nature of these concentration fluctuations provides information regarding the ordered phases and the kinetic pathways that lead to them. We find various demixing modes for different characteristics of the two mixtures (e.g., average compositions, statistical correlation lengths, and volume fractions).
Loss of fatty acid esters from grape surfaces during drying

Fatty acid esters have been shown to reduce the drying time of grapes by interacting with the waxy surface of the grapes. Laboratory scale procedures were developed to determine the fate of esters during dehydration. Thompson seedless grapes were dipped in a water emulsion containing 2% fatty acid ester, 2% potassium carbonate and an emulsifier. Grapes were dried at ambient, 43 C and 71 C. Drying rates vs. fatty acid ester concentration on the grape surfaces were plotted. The fate of fatty acid esters during dehydration was determined by running the dryer exhaust through a cold trap and extracting the condensate. These studies showed that the large loss of esters during drying lowered the drying rate considerably. An additional dip during drying reduced the drying time significantly. The ester losses appeared to be caused by vapor distillation of the esters during drying.
Imprinted large-scale high density polymer nanopillars for organic solar cells

Nanoimprint with a large-scale nanoporous Si mold is developed to fabricate high density periodic nanopillars (∼1010∕cm2) in various functional polymers. A anodic alumina membrane is first obtained using electrochemical anodization. The membrane is used as a mask for a two-step plasma etching process to obtain a Si mold of 50–80nm wide and 100–900nm deep pores. The mold is used in nanoimprint lithography to fabricate ordered and high density polymer nanopillars and nanopores in SU-8, hydrogen silsesquixane, polymethylmethacrylate, poly(3-hexylthiophane) (P3HT), and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Then, the imprinted P3HT nanopillars were used to make bulk heterojunction solar cells by depositing PCBM on top of the pillars. Imprinting provides a way to precisely control the interdigitized heterojunction morphology, leading to improved solar cell performance.
To have or not to have another child: Life cycle, health and cost considerations of Ghanaian women

Given that fertility rates are high in most sub-Saharan countries, it is critically important to understand the drivers of the demand for children to inform population reduction policies. Yet little is known about the individual-level factors that drive the desire for fertility limitation. The desire to limit births may be driven by the achievement of family size targets. However, since children are born at different stages of the life course, fertility desires may also be influenced by past reproductive, socio-economic experiences, and perceptions about future welfare. In this study, the determinants of the desire to stop childbearing were analyzed at the individual-level using prospective longitudinal data (1998–2003) on the reproductive lives of women in six communities in southern Ghana. Using variation within-woman, we modeled the impact of changes in reproductive life cycle events, health status, perceptions of future household economic conditions, perceptions of the cost of additional children, and spousal interactions on a woman’s fertility preferences. We found that the desire to stop childbearing is influenced by reproductive life stage (such as age, parity); events (marital transitions, child death); perceptions of personal health (particularly anticipated demands of the next pregnancy on the woman’s health); the household’s economic welfare; and the overall subjective cost of children. The economic utility models which emphasize cost/benefit considerations, as well as the anthropological and sociological theories which emphasize norms, appear to be validated in this empirical analysis in that both subjective elements and normative considerations are incorporated into fertility decisions.
Changes of plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity and other plasma constituents during the cold pressor test

Abstract The effect of the cold pressor test on plasma DBH activity in ten healthy human subjects was investigated. Parallel changes of other plasma constituents were ascertained as well. Plasma DBH activity rose by over ten per cent in six of the sen subjects and declined by 14 per cent or more in two subjects; the correlations of altertions in DBH activity with changes of high molecular weight plasma constituents were high (r=0.565 to 0.902); correlations with blood urea nitrogen and plasma glucose were low (r=0.002 to 0.248). The results suggest that factors other than neuronal DBH release may be important in alterations of plasma DBH activity following acute stresses produced by the cold pressor test in man.
Tumor cell apoptosis, lymphocyte recruitment and tumor vascular changes are induced by low temperature, long duration (fever-like) whole body hyperthermia

A single treatment of low-temperature, long-duration, whole-body hyperthermia of either severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing human breast tumor xenografts or Balb/c mice bearing syngeneic tumors for 6-8 hr can cause a temporary reduction of tumor volume and/or a growth delay. In both animal model systems, this inhibition is correlated with the appearance of large numbers of apoptotic tumor cells. Because this type of mild heat exposure, comparable to a common fever, is not itself directly cytotoxic, other explanations for the observed tumor cell death were considered. Our data support the hypothesis that this hyperthermia protocol stimulates some component(s) of the immune response, which results in increased antitumor activity. In support of this hypothesis, increased numbers of lymphocyte-like cells, macrophages, and granulocytes are observed in the tumor vasculature and in the tumor stroma immediately following this mild hyperthermia exposure. In Balb/c mice, an infiltrate persists in the tumor for at least 2 weeks. Using the SCID mouse/human tumor system, we found that both host natural killer (NK) cells and injected human NK cells were increased at the site of tumor following hyperthermia treatment. Experiments using anti-asialo-GM1 antibodies indicate that the tumor cell apoptosis seen in the SCID mouse appears to be due largely to the activity of NK cells, although additional roles for other immunoeffector cells and cytokines appear likely in the immunologically complete Balb/c model. Another interrelated hypothesis is that immunoeffector cells may have greater access to the interior of the tumor because we have observed that this treatment causes an obvious expansion in the diameter of blood vessels within the tumor and an increase in nucleated blood cells within the vessels, which persists as long as 2 weeks after treatment. Further study of the mechanisms by which mild hyperthermia exerts antitumor activity could result in this treatment protocol being used as an effective, nontoxic adjuvant to immunotherapy and/or other cancer therapies.
Complete Brachial Plexus Palsy After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Done With Interscalene Block Anesthesia

Abstract Background and Objectives: This report illustrates that brachial plexus palsy can result from either interscalene block or total shoulder arthroplasty. It is often impossible to determine which procedure caused the deficit; therefore, we believe the focus should be placed on treatment of the neurologic deficit. This report provides a suggested algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of postprocedure brachial plexus palsy. Methods: Interscalene block was used as the operative anesthetic for our patient's total shoulder arthroplasty. Complete brachial plexus palsy was diagnosed postoperatively. Results: The patient's postoperative treatment and recovery are described. Conclusions: Proper diagnosis and treatment of postprocedure brachial plexus palsy may improve recovery of function. Several precautions may reduce the likelihood of brachial plexus palsy following interscalene block for total shoulder arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000;25:318–321.
Parasympathetic denervation decreases muscarinic receptor binding in rat parotid.

Abstract After unilateral postganglionic parasympathetic denervation of rat parotid glands for 3, 6 or 16 days, the binding of [ 3 H] quinuclidinylbenzilate, a potent and specific muscarinic antagonist, was decreased by 28–45%. The largest part of the decrease was already present at 3 days, and thus appeared to coincide with the loss of parasympathetic terminals (as shown by a 94% reduction in choline acetyltransferase activity). The decrease in binding was expressed as a reduced number of membrane sites, with no significant change in affinity, and could be accounted for only in part by a reduction in the size of denervated glands. The rapid loss of binding suggests the existence of muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic terminals. The clear absence of any receptor increases at longer periods of denervation, when parotid glands are reported to give supersensitive secretory responses, suggests that mechanisms other than receptor increases are important in denervation supersensitivity in exocrine glands.
Theory Of Molecular Collisions In The Presence Of A Laser Field

The reaction dynamics and mechanism of energy transfer in a gas-phase molecular collision system can be dramatically affected by an intense, external laser field. A rigorous theoretical treatment must consider explicitly the interaction of the field with the collision dynamics, where the absorption (and emission) of radiation and the molecular collision are viewed as a single process rather than separate, independent processes. The full quantum mechanical formulation yields a set of coupled equations, where the number of equations corresponds to the number of asymptotic channels (a given channel is identified by a field occupation number, vibrational, rotational, nuclear orbital angular momentum and electronic quantum numbers). A semiclassical formulation of the molecular dynamics involves the propagation of classical trajectories and their corresponding actions for nuclear motion on electronic-field potential surfaces, where each electronic-field surface depends on field-free, adiabatic electronic surfaces and radiative coupling (as functions of nuclear coordinates). Transitions between electronic-field surfaces are effected by trajectories propagating through intersection points between the surfaces analytically continued into the complex plane. Numerical results (S-matrix elements) from the quantum and semiclassical approaches have been obtained with model calculations on the process Br + H2 + hw → Br + H2.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Urgent endovascular treatment of acute symptomatic occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery.

Object. The prognosis of patients with acute symptomatic cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion is generally considered to be poor. Traditionally, such patients are not considered eligible for urgent thrombolytic/endovascular treatment. Since 1998, an aggressive therapeutic approach with endovascular treatment has been adopted at the authors' institution. In this report they assess whether aggressive treatment of ICA occlusion is appropriate. Methods. The clinical characteristics and outcome of six consecutive patients treated urgently with an endovascular approach between 1998 and 2001 are reviewed and summarized. Recanalization was accomplished in all patients. At a mean follow-up period of 8 months (range 2–14 months), five of six patients had good or excellent outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] Score 0–1) and one had a poor outcome (mRS Score 4). Conclusions. With recent advancements in thrombolytic and endovascular treatments, an aggressive endovascular approach in patients with acute sy...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyases 1 and 2 are jointly required for in vivo growth and virulence

Genes involved in fatty acid catabolism have undergone extensive duplication in the genus Mycobacterium, which includes the etiologic agents of leprosy and tuberculosis. Here, we show that prokaryotic- and eukaryotic-like isoforms of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme isocitrate lyase (ICL) are jointly required for fatty acid catabolism and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although deletion of icl1 or icl2, the genes that encode ICL1 and ICL2, respectively, had little effect on bacterial growth in macrophages and mice, deletion of both genes resulted in complete impairment of intracellular replication and rapid elimination from the lungs. The feasibility of targeting ICL1 and ICL2 for chemical inhibition was shown using a dual-specific ICL inhibitor, which blocked growth of M. tuberculosis on fatty acids and in macrophages. The absence of ICL orthologs in mammals should facilitate the development of glyoxylate cycle inhibitors as new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Bizarre ictal automatisms: frontal lobe epileptic or psychogenic seizures?

Abstract Frontal lobe complex partial seizures (FLCPS) may be difficult to distinguish clinically from psychogenic seizures (PS). We analyzed videotaped seizures of two patients with proven FLCPS and two patients whose PS resembled the FLCPS. Special attention was directed to the overall duration of attacks and the sequence and time course of their individual clinical manifestations. We found that the seizures of each of the FLCPS patients had quite stereotyped clinical features, but that the seizures of each PS patient were more varied in appearance. Each patient's FLCPS were brief, and each seizure had the same clinical signs that appeared and disappeared over similar sequences and time courses. In contrast, the PS of each patient varied from brief to long, and individual clinical signs varied not only from attack to attack but also in order of appearance and duration. Additional studies are needed to determine whether or not stereotyped clinical features can be used to reliably identify FLCPS and differentiate them from PS.
CALCULATION OF THE OUTPUT POWER IN SELF-AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS RADIATION USING SCALING OF POWER WITH NUMBER OF SIMULATION PARTICLES

Recent advances in self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) experiments stimulate interest in quantitative comparison of measurements with theory. In this paper we show that the widely used simulation code TDA3D, developed by Tran and Wurtele [Comput. Phys. Commun. 54, 263 (1989)] even though a single frequency code, can be used to determine the output power in the SASE process with excellent approximation in the exponential growth regime. The method applies when the gain is not very high, which is a special advantage, because when the gain is not very high, the analytical calculation is particularly difficult since the exponential growing term does not dominate. The analysis utilizes a scaling relation between the output power and the number of simulation particles in the code TDA3D: $〈P〉{=N}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\ensuremath{'}}{/N}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}〈{P}^{\ensuremath{'}}〉,$ where $〈P〉$ is the output power and ${N}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ is the line density of the electrons, while $〈{P}^{\ensuremath{'}}〉$ is the calculated output power using a line density ${N}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ of the number of simulation particles in the code TDA3D. Because of the scaling property, the number of simulation particles can be taken to be many orders of magnitude less than the actual experiment. Comparison of our results with experiment yields new insight into the SASE process.
Bioconjugation strategies for improved optical sensor performance

Measuring the binding kinetics of molecular systems is fundamental in understanding the interaction between biomolecules within a binding pair. One emerging label-free detection method is based on silica optical microcavities. The majority of research to date with microcavity-based sensors has focused on applications in the diagnostics realm. Here, we develop and characterize a covalent surface attachment strategy for microsphere resonators. We also measure the optical performance (quality factor) of the functionalized microcavities and use them to determine the dissociation constant of the biotinstreptavidin pair. The measured value is within acceptable range of previously published dissociation constants for the biotin-streptavidin pair.
An evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis in cardiac catheterization

Abstract The incidence of bacteremia during cardiac catheterization was studied in 122 adult patients and the protective effect of antibiotic prophylaxis was evaluated in treatment and control groups. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not decrease the incidence of transient bacteremia at cardiac catheterization. Staphylococci were the organisms most frequently isolated from blood cultures taken at catheterization and 50 per cent of the staphylococci were resistant to penicillin. A review of the literature suggests that endocarditis as a sequel to cardiac catheterization is a rare event, and may not justify the use of potentially sensitizing agents for prophylaxis.
An IGCT-based Electronic Circuit Breaker design for a 12.47kv distribution system

The paper discusses a possible design for an electronic circuit breaker based on the IGCT as a switching device for the 12.47kV distribution system. Electronic Circuit Breakers are capable of faster switch off times, improved control and efficiency, greater reliability and enhanced safety than mechanical breakers. Based on the switching device and simulation results a new breaker with an improved functionality is proposed. The simulations show faster switching capability (within microseconds) and an overall safety of the network, thus transforming circuit breakers into a “SMART” tool, and justifying its implementation into 12.47kV distribution systems.
Informetric distributions. III. ambiguity and randomness

This article examines various kinds of uncertainty. The notion of ambiguity is defined and contrasted with the more familiar notions of randomness and fuzziness. Functional forms resistant to ambiguity are defined, and it is shown how to incorporate a random component, that is itself also resistant to ambiguity, into a resilient, but deterministic, model.
FORMATION OF LARGE‐SCALE CROSS‐BEDDING IN A CARBONATE UNIT

SUMMARY The type Lindsey Bridge Member of the Moorefield Formation of northeastern Oklahoma consists of 24 ft. of massively cross-bedded limestone. Cross-bed shape, lithologic variation, grain size and sorting, distribution of insolubles, and distribution of fossils and fossil burrows can be explained with reference to a hydrodynamic model developed in recent flume studies. Three facies can be distinguished in this unit: (1 Thei) foresets, thick-bedded, well-sorted, fine to medium crinoidal grainstones, dipping at angles up to 1° (2) toesets, which are thin-bedded, poorly sorted, skeletal packstones notably more fossiliferous than the foresets, with which they are laterally gradational; toesets dip at approximately 5°-8° (3) bottomsets, composed of argillaceous, fine-grained (mainly silt-size), skeletal limestones. Foresets overlie previously deposited bottomsets; this geometry is typical of regressive sedimentation. The exposure is adjacent to a pre-Moorefield topographic high. As currents crossing this high entered a basin on the downcurrent side, flow separation occurred. Bed material load was deposited mainly on the foreset slope, suspension material mainly in toeset and bottomset areas. The poor sorting of the toesets is in part due to reverse circulation, formed by the flow separation, which transported bottomset sediment back toward the foreset. Jopling (1965b) has shown that this depositional geometry produces tangential cross-beds similar to those seen in this outcrop. Differential settling velocity, substrate stability, and abundance of organic detritus influenced other sedimentologic properties of the deposit.
Enhancement of cisplatin sensitivity by NSC109268 in budding yeast and human cancer cells is associated with inhibition of S-phase progression.

NSC109268 has been described previously as inhibitor of proteasomal degradation and of phosphatase 2Cα. In a yeast screen, we isolated NSC109268 as an agent altering sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. We found that NSC109268 and the related compound NSC109272 enhance cellular sensitivity to cis- and transplatin but reduce sensitivity to nitrogen mustard. We explored if similar effects could be found in human cancer cells and if cell cycle analysis could hint at the underlying molecular mechanism. Haploid yeast cells were treated in suspension with platinum agents and nitrogen mustard alone or in combination with NSC compounds, and survival was measured by colony-formation assays. Sensitivity of ovarian and prostate cancer cells toward these treatments was evaluated using the MTS assay. Cell cycle progression was determined by flow cytometry. The enhancement of cisplatin sensitivity by NSC109268 found in yeast was confirmed in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer lines and in prostate cancer cells. In yeast and in human carcinoma cells, a correlation of enhanced sensitivity with delaying S-phase progression was revealed. The known activities of NSC109268 as proteasome or phosphatase inhibitor could explain the phenotype of S-phase delay by assuming a higher initial DNA damage load, inhibition of DNA translesion synthesis or extended checkpoint arrest.
Blood flow distribution during hypocapnic hypoxia in pekin ducks and bar-headed geese

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hypocapnic hypoxia on regional blood flow in birds. Regional blood flow was measured using the radioactive microsphere method in unanesthetized Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) breathing 21, 10 and 5% O2. In both birds, arterial PO2 was reduced from about 96 Torr during normoxia to about 28 Torr during severe hypoxia. Severe hypocapnic hypoxia produced a change in the pattern of blood flow in ducks; blood flow to some organs increased (brain, adrenal glands, heart, and eyes) while flow to other organs decreased (liver, spleen, small intestine, shell gland). Compared with ducks, bar-headed geese were able to provide higher levels of O2 delivery to their tissues since blood flow to a variety of organs and skeletal muscles was either unchanged or increased during severe hypoxia. The redistribution of blood flow in Pekin ducks during severe hypocapnic hypoxia may help to support large increases in cerebral and coronary blood flow but may also contribute to the development of a metabolic acidosis.
Response latency in a pattern perception situation.

Abstract The hypothesis that response latency is directly related to size of sample in a statistical discrimination process was tested in a visual pattern perception situation. Subjects were required to categorize each of a sequence of patches as coarse or even in texture relative to a designated criterion. Speed and accuracy of performance were determined for patches at various degrees of variation in texture on either side of the criterion. Effects of texture variations on combined response latency and response probability were consistent with a sequential sampling model of the discrimination process. Effects on conditional response latency were not.
Immune response and blood chemistry of pigs fed conjugated linoleic acid

Immune function (response to concanavalin A, cytokine production, and lymphocyte profiles) and blood chemistry variables were measured in growing-finishing pigs (Yorkshire/Landrace/Duroc dam × Hampshire sire) fed varying percentages of CLA (0, 0.12, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0%). Blood was collected at 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56 d on feed (DOF). Total white blood cell (WBC) count increased (P < 0.01) linearly to 42 DOF. No differences (P = 0.53) were observed for WBC across CLA treatment. Nitric oxide was greater (P < 0.01) for the 1.0% CLA treatment compared with all other treatments. Flow cytometry using fluorescent labeled monoclonal antibodies to the CD4, CD8, double-positive CD4/CD8, and CD2 surface markers was used to determine lymphocyte subpopulations. Supplementation of CLA had no effect (P = 0.61) on lymphocyte subpopulation cell distribution. Most blood chemistry variables were within the normal metabolic range for pigs. A decrease was observed over DOF for P (P < 0.01) and K (P < 0.05). Additionally, Na and Cl concentrations increased (P < 0.05) from 14 to 28 DOF and decreased over the remainder of the trial. Electrolyte balance was not different (P = 0.38) across CLA treatments and was likely explained by no differences in feed intake among the CLA treatment groups. Blood lipid variables indicated that total cholesterol (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.001), high-density lipoproteins (P < 0.001), and low-density lipoproteins (P < 0.01) increased as the amount of CLA in the diet increased, but none of the results from these treatments exceeded the normal range of acceptability. These results suggested that CLA was safe when fed to growing-finishing pigs and had little effect on their immune function and blood chemistry variables.
The American Landscape in the Poetry of Frost, Bishop, and Ashbery: The House Abandoned

Significantly changing the way readers think about one major modern poet is impressive enough; changing the way readers think about three such writers makes a critical book a must-read. Marit MacAr...
Economic Impact of Closing Structurally Deficient or Functionally Obsolete Bridges on Very Low-Volume Roads

The state of Kansas has approximately 25,464 bridges located on state, county, and city roadway networks. As of May 2012 approximately 1,229 bridges on very low-volume roads were determined to be structurally deficient and candidate structures to be potentially closed, replaced, or repaired. This study was designed to provide such critical information for county commissioners or practicing engineers as (a) where structurally deficient or functionally obsolete bridges on low-volume roads were located, (b) what distance was the shortest drivable detour if these bridges were to be closed, and (c) whether to recommend closing or to repair or replace the structurally deficient bridges on the basis of both potential detour length and average daily traffic (ADT). The results of the study indicated that many of the structurally deficient bridges on very low-volume roadways had detours of 2 mi or less, were steel bridges, and had ADT values of fewer than eight vehicles. On the basis of the analysis, bridge closure...
Modeling low-coherence enhanced backscattering using Monte Carlo simulation

Constructive interference between coherent waves traveling time-reversed paths in a random medium gives rise to the enhancement of light scattering observed in directions close to backscattering. This phenomenon is known as enhanced backscattering (EBS). According to diffusion theory, the angular width of an EBS cone is proportional to the ratio of the wavelength of light λ to the transport mean-free-path length ls* of a random medium. In biological media a large ls*∼0.5-2 mm ≫ λ results in an extremely small (∼0.001°) angular width of the EBS cone, making the experimental observation of such narrow peaks difficult. Recently, the feasibility of observing EBS under low spatial coherence illumination (spatial coherence length Lsc ≪ ls*) was demonstrated. Low spatial coherence behaves as a spatial filter rejecting longer path lengths and thus resulting in an increase of more than 100 times in the angular width of low coherence EBS (LEBS) cones. However, a conventional diffusion approximation-based model of EBS has not been able to explain such a dramatic increase in LEBS width. We present a photon random walk model of LEBS by using Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the mechanism accounting for the unprecedented broadening of the LEBS peaks. Typically, the exit angles of the scattered photons are not considered in modeling EBS in the diffusion regime. We show that small exit angles are highly sensitive to low-order scattering, which is crucial for accurate modeling of LEBS. Our results show that the predictions of the model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Performance evaluation of domain reference architectures

Architectures embody the requirements expressed by system stakeholders, and the type of architecture used to capture a given set of requirements dictates when evaluation can occur and what will be evaluated. This research aims to leverage requirements and a resulting architecture dictated by the problem domain and captured early in the lifecycle. Thus, the research goal is to provide early performance evaluation in an effort to convey the most accurate blueprint to system implementers specifically and system stakeholders in general. A new software architecture evaluation tool called Arcade, developed to support the Systems Engineering Process Activities (SEPA), automates early performance evaluation of software architectures using simulation. SEPA suggests a comprehensive approach to capture and represent different types of requirements as a multi-level software architecture. One SEPA architecture level, the Domain Reference Architecture (DRA) encompasses performance characteristics inherent to the domain in terms of what processes, data, and timing are required, rather than how a system should be implemented. Performance evaluation of a DRA can provide qualitative data to (1) aid in identification and validation of domain related performance concerns, and (2) provide system implementers with performance guidelines towards satisfying the performance constraints inherent to the domain. The range of performance statistics Arcade is capable of analyzing is demonstrated through a case study of a Motorola e-business project.
Biological control of common salvinia (Salvinia minima) in Louisiana using Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Common salvinia, Salvinia minima Baker, is an aquatic invasive fern that obstructs waterways and impacts water quality throughout the southeastern United States. In an effort to establish populations for classical biological control of this weed, the weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands, was released at multiple sites across Louisiana. Many of the release sites were lost due to a variety of ecological and anthropological disturbances. In 2008, C. salviniae was found to have successfully overwintered on S. minima in Gramercy, Louisiana. Attack by Cyrtobagous salviniae significantly increased the number of damaged terminal buds and decreased the fresh weight biomass of S. minima.
Involuntary Exposures to Love-Enhancing or Anti-Love Agents

Earp and colleagues (2013) address the ethics of voluntarily treating consenting individuals with anti-love agents. However, if and when such agents become available, they, along with ones that in...
Modelling of ambipolar transport properties of composite mixed ionic-electronic conductors

The ability to transport both ionic and electronic species is one of the most important properties of a mixed ionic-electronic conductor for electrosynthesis, gas separation, and electrode applications. In this paper, resistor network approach is used to predict the effective conductivities of a composite mixed conductor consisting of any number of randomly-distributed phases. The model is further used to predict the effective ionic, electronic, and ambipolar transport behavior of two-phase and three-phase composite mixed conductors as a function of the volume fraction of each randomly-distributed constituent phase. Results indicate that the optimum ambipolar conductivity occurs only within certain volume fractions of the constituent phases, depending on their relative ionic and electronic conductivities.
Effect of acebutolol and propranolol on premature ventricular complexes

A double-blind, randomized study comparing the efficacy of intravenous acebutolol with propranolol on frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in 24 patients is reported. Frequent PVCs were abolished or reduced by 75% or more in 10 of 12 patients (83%) given acebutolol and in 10 of 12 patients (83%) given propranolol. The therapeutic effect of acebutolol lasted for at least 1 hr in 4 of 12 patients (33%), for at least 3.5 hr in 3 of 12 patients (25%), and for at least 4 hr in 2 of 12 patients (17%). The effect of propranolol lasted for at least 1 hr in 6 of 12 patients (50%), for at least 3.5 hr in 4 of 12 patients (33%), and for at least 4 hr in 4 of 12 patients (33%). Hence, intravenous acebutolol and propranolol were equally effective. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 28, 28–31; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.126
Disturbing Behaviors in the Classroom: a Survey of Teacher Attitudes:

A number of studies have established that behavior is a potent determinant of teacher expectations. Clarification of specific behaviors that influence teacher attitudes becomes increasingly important as special educators attempt to reintegrate emotionally disturbed students into regular classrooms. The current study is a survey of regular classroom teachers' attitudes toward 7 clusters of behavior based on the federal definition of emotional disturbance and typically exhibited by students in the classroom. Subjects, 139 first-through sixth-grade teachers, were asked to read a vignette of a hypothetical emotionally disturbed student and then respond to an attitudinal survey, an adaptation of the Learning Handicapped Integration Inventory (Watson & Hewett, 1976). Results indicated that behaviors were differentially disturbing: Teachers responded most negatively toward students characterized as aggressive and least negatively toward students characterized as avoiding their peers. A secondary finding was that...
LED Driver Circuit with Series-Input-Connected Converter Cells Operating in Continuous Conduction Mode

This paper introduces an LED driver circuit implemented by series-input-connected converter cells with a common duty cycle control approach operating from a dc voltage bus. With this structure, low-voltage high-frequency ICs and low-profile components can be applied in high-voltage applications. Flexibility is provided for the cells to work under different voltage supply conditions by simply changing the number of series converters. With the converters operating in continuous conduction mode, the common duty cycle control approach enables automatic line voltage sharing and output current copying. The approach results in a control-to-output transfer function of the system close to that of a single converter for ease of feedback loop design. The modular approach also allows continued operation in the presence of open-circuit LED failures. Design considerations and experimental results are presented for a 25-W three-cell system with 9 Luxeon K2 high-brightness LEDs, demonstrating line voltage sharing, output current copying, and LED failure response.
Prevalence of Troglodytella abrassarti Brumpt and Joyeux, 1912 in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale Mountains National Park in Western Tanzania.

Abstract We examined stool samples for trophozoites of the entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti Brumpt and Joyeux, 1912, from a habituated group of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale Mountains National Park in western Tanzania. In our study, fresh fecal samples from identified individuals were collected immediately after defecation and fixed in 10% formalin. In total, 52 samples from 38 chimpanzees (61% of 62 chimpanzees in the group) were examined using a direct smear method. A stool sample from an individual collection date from an individual chimpanzee was examined up to 3 separate times before it was called negative. Forty-eight (92%) of the 52 samples were positive, and stools from 37 (97%) of the 38 chimpanzees were positive for trophozoites of T. abrassarti. The high prevalence of T. abrassarti in these chimpanzees is consistent with previous reports of this organism in chimpanzees.
The International Transmission of Inflation

Inflation became the dominant economic, social, and political problem of the industrialized West during the 1970s. This book is about how the inflation came to pass and what can be done about it.
Rates and characteristics of radiographically detected intracerebral cavernous malformations after cranial radiation therapy in pediatric cancer patients

Rates and characteristics of intracerebral cavernous malformations after cranial radiation therapy remain poorly understood. Herein we report on intracerebral cavernous malformations detected on follow-up imaging in pediatric cancer patients who received cranial radiation therapy at age ≤18 years from 1980 to 2009. Through chart reviews (n = 362) and phone interviews (n = 104) of a retrospective cohort, we identified 10 patients with intracerebral cavernous malformations. The median latency time for detection of intracerebral cavernous malformations after cranial radiation therapy was 12 years (range 1-24 years) at a median age of 21.4 years (interquartile range = 15-28). The cumulative incidence was 3% (95% confidence interval 1%-8%) at 10 years post cranial radiation therapy and 14% (95% confidence interval 7%-26%) at 15 years. Three patients underwent surgical resection. Two surgical specimens were pathologically similar to sporadically occurring intracerebral cavernous malformations; one was consistent with capillary telangiectasia. Intracerebral cavernous malformations are common after cranial radiation therapy and can show a spectrum of histologic features.
Detection of B Virus Antibody in Monkey Sera Using Glycoprotein D Expressed in Mammalian Cells

The gene encoding glycoprotein D (gD) of the monkey B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) was cloned into a mammalian expression vector, pcDNA3.1(-), and the recombinant plasmid DNA was transfected into COS7 cells. The expression of gD in transfected COS7 cells was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay or radioimmunoprecipitation analysis (RIPA). Although the expressed gD protein was revealed to react well with sera from monkeys naturally infected with B virus by RIPA, some sera showed reduced reactivity when analyzed by the Western blotting (WB) method. Some sera also showed relatively high background when the WB was performed using gD expressed from recombinant plasmid. The mutant gD protein lacking the transmembrane domain (TM) and cytoplasmic tail (CT) was next expressed in COS7 cells. The mutant protein was secreted into culture medium without apparent loss of the antigenicity. Using the secretory form of the gD protein as antigen in dot blot analysis, sera from B virus-infected monkeys were shown to react with the mutant protein without nonspecific reaction. Since the recombinant gD or its derivative lacking TM and CT could be expressed in mammalian cells with proper antigenicity, these antigens appeared to be useful for serological detection of B virus infection in monkeys.
Use of tapered amplifier diode laser for biological-friendly high-resolution optical trapping

A 1064nm laser is commonly used for biological optical trapping. However, it has the problem of generating reactive oxygen species in the presence of a sensitizer, which leads to photo damage in biological samples. Here we constructed optical tweezers using a tapered amplifier diode laser that operates at 830nm. Compared to a 1064nm laser, this laser is friendly to live cells, eliminates photo damage associated with reactive oxygen species, and allows simultaneous two-photon fluorescence imaging of green fluorescent proteins in live mammalian cells. All these advantages could significantly benefit future application of this single molecule technique in biological studies.
Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Aminopyrrole Analogs of Lidocaine II

The synthesis, local anesthetic, and antiarrhythmic properties of nine 2-diethylaminoacetamido-3-cyano-4-methyl-5-substituted pyrroles are described. All compounds showed local anesthetic activity by the guinea pig wheal test and antiarrhythmic activity for chloroform-induced ventricular arrhythmias in mice.
Calculated Deposition in Growing Tracheobronchial Airways: Effect of Growth-Rate Assumptions

Most current deterministic computer dosimetry models use idealized dichotomous symmetrical infant, child, and adolescent tracheobronchial geometries for dosimetry predictions. These tracheobronchial geometries were derived from either the morphometric measurements of J. D. Mortensen and colleagues or those of R. F. Phalen and colleagues. The airway growth curves used to create these geometries are typically means from all airways within a single generation in the tracheobronchial tree. This idealized approach implies that the growth rate of all airways in the same generation is identical (symmetric growth, SG), which is unlikely. In this study, existing morphometric measurements of airway dimensions were used to determine growth equations for airway length, diameter, branch angle, and inclination to gravity as a function of body height for each airway in the first four tracheobronchial generations. Tracheobronchial geometries (asymmetrical growth, AG) were created from these growth curves for the first 4 ...