cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective laser sintering of MA956 oxide dispersion strengthened steel

Abstract Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels’ qualities of radiation damage resistance and high strength at high temperature make them promising nuclear structural materials. However, the dispersed yttria that gives ODS steel its beneficial qualities are generally compromised during joining processes, making fabrication difficult and expensive. The selective laser sintering process offers a potential path through this barrier by which net-shape parts can feasibly be built via additive manufacturing without fully melting the structure. Rastering a 400 W laser over a 110 μ m MA956 ODS steel powder bed, we additively built parts with varying build conditions. Although density was achieved to within 97% of the wrought MA956, ultimate tensile strengths achieved only 65% of the wrought strength. Spectroscopy analysis points to the agglomeration of the yttria nano-particles as a possible explanation for the loss in strength. Further study might benefit from exploration of other parameters such as thinner powder build layers which would require less energy input to achieve sintering while minimizing time above the melting temperature.
Synthesis and Characterization of Structurally Uniform Model Oligomers of Polybenzoxazine

The controlled synthesis of a series of polybenzoxazine model oligomers is described. A synthetic strategy is developed in which bromine is used as an ortho position blocking group allowing a stepwise synthesis of structurally uniform compounds. Debromination and subsequent hydrogenation is achieved in high yields by using activated Raney nickel catalyst in a methanol/aqueous base reaction medium. An effective hydrogenation procedure that does not require the addition of hydrogen gas is described. Polybenzoxazine oligomers as large as the model tetramer are synthesized. Applications for these strategies and procedures toward the synthesis of a variety of polybenzoxazine structures are described. Model oligomeric compounds of polybenzoxazines have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-visible spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Those oligomers used are the dimer, trimer, and tetramer of a monofunctional benzoxazine resin. Additional model compounds have also been synthesized. They are 2,6-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol and 2,6-bis(N-ethyl-N-methylaminomethyl)-4-methylphenol, which were used as model compounds to aid infrared band assignments.
Differences in taste-potentiated odor aversions with O+/OT+ versus OT+/O+ conditioning: Implications for configural associations

The present research demonstrates a conditioning order effect difference: Odor-aversion conditioning is stronger following OT+/O+ conditioning than following O+/OT+ conditioning with specific odor (O) and taste (T) cues. When a weak odor cue was used in Experiments 1A and 1B, OT+/O+ conditioning produced significantly stronger odor aversions than did either O+/OT+ or O+/O+ conditioning, which did not differ. The same design was used in Experiment 2 with a strong odor, but the order effect difference was not replicated, suggesting that the order effect difference is specific to conditions that produce taste-potentiated odor aversions. The interpretation that O+/OT+ conditioning is weaker because of the absence of a taste-odor within-compound association was not supported in Experiments 3 and 4. Notably, using stimuli that supported potentiation in earlier experiments, in Experiment 4, we found evidence of a taste-odor within-compound association in the absence of potentiation. These results confirm that previous theories of potentiation (within-compound association model, sensory-and-gate channeling model) are not sufficient to produce potentiation. Instead, these results are interpreted in terms of taste-odor configural associations.
Descriptors and Preferences for Eastern and Western Musics by Japanese and American Nonmusic Majors

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) consistency of terminology used by Japanese and American college students to describe musics of the two cultures; (2) subjects' preferences concerning musics of the two cultures; and (3) relationships between musical experience and preferences. The authors tested 487 nonmusic majors in the United States and Japan using taped materials. The stimuli consisted of 30-second representative excerpts of various Western and Eastern music styles. Subjects were asked to describe the character of each excerpt by selecting one of nine adjectival descriptors and to indicate their preference for the excerpt on a 7-point Likert-type scale. Subjects were in greater agreement on the choice of descriptors for Western than for Eastern music, although one group did not exhibit greater consistency than the other in describing music of its own culture. The greatest between-group differences in preference means were for Eastern examples. Responses indicated an overall preference ...
Analysis of interaction logs for online tutorials (abstract only)

As the use of online interactive tutorials becomes more widespread, there will be more opportunities to use fine-grained interaction log data to deduce student behavior. Log data can help debug usability or pedagogical problems with the tutorials, or guide redesign to discourage pedagogically poor student behavior. OpenDSA is a collection of open source interactive materials for teaching data structures and algorithms. We present a case study analysis of the activity logs from use of OpenDSA tutorials by roughly 150 students over several weeks. We identified clusters of student use based on when they completed exercises, verified the reliability of estimated time requirements for exercises, provided evidence that a majority of students do not read the text, and found evidence that students complete additional exercises after obtaining credit. Furthermore, we determined that slideshow use was fairly high, but that skipping to the end of slideshows was common.
A Review of In Situ Chemical Oxidation and Heterogeneity

Chemical oxidants are increasingly being used for the in situ destruction of organic contaminants in groundwater. The most common implementation involves using an injection/withdrawal system to circulate oxidants (e.g., potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, and Fenton's reagent) through a source zone containing a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL). Because the efficiency of chemical oxidation is highly dependent on geological heterogeneities, effective delivery schemes are essential for successful remediation. This article reviews the impact of heterogeneities on the success of in situ chemical oxidation. Physical heterogeneities are primarily concerned with the permeable pathways along which oxidants are transported to the zone of contamination. Chemical heterogeneities refer generally to variability in geochemical properties that also bear on the efficiency of oxidant flooding. Both types of heterogeneities work against bringing the oxidant to zones of high contaminant saturations. The highly heterogeneous distribution of contaminants and difficulties in characterization make it difficult to target specific zones for treatment. As a result, large volumes of sediments could be treated whether they are contaminated or not. Heterogeneities in hydraulic conductivity at most sites provide an intensive dose of chemical reagents along permeable pathways and little treatment of low-conductivity zones. Large quantities of oxidizable materials in geologic units are capable of consuming the oxidant during delivery. Reaction products [e.g., CO2, MnO2, and Fe(OH)3] tend to plug the porous medium, especially in zones with large contaminant saturations. The oxidant flood is diverted away from these zones, making the flooding inefficient.
Why the Universe is Just So

Some properties of the world are fixed by physics derived from mathematical symmetries, while others are selected from an ensemble of possibilities. Several successes and failures of ‘‘anthropic’’ reasoning in this context are reviewed in light of recent developments in astrobiology, cosmology, and unification physics. Specific issues raised include our space-time location (including the reason for the present age of the universe), the time scale of biological evolution, the tuning of global cosmological parameters, and the origin of the Large Numbers of astrophysics and the parameters of the standard model. Out of the 20 parameters of the standard model, the basic behavior and structures of the world (nucleons, nuclei, atoms, molecules, planets, stars, galaxies) depend mainly on five of them: m e , m u , m d , a, and a G (where m proton and a QCD are taken as defined quantities). Three of these appear to be independent in the context of Grand Unified Theories (that is, not fixed by any known symmetry) and at the same time have values within a very narrow window which provides for stable nucleons and nuclei and abundant carbon. The conjecture is made that the two light quark masses and one coupling constant are ultimately determined even in the ‘‘final theory’’ by a choice from a large or continuous ensemble, and the prediction is offered that the correct unification scheme will not allow calculation of (m d2m u)/m proton from first principles alone.
Permafrost methane content: 2. Modeling theory and results

Abstract Data from surface permafrost cores are extrapolated to determine a global estimate of the trapped gases, methane in particular. This global extrapolation is used with a heat and gas transfer model, which is developed here. A Theoretical model is presented and validated with exact solutions. The model results show that, for all gases other than methane, the amounts present in permafrost are negligible. It is found that every meter depth of permafrost contains approximately 60 Tg or 12% of the yearly source of methane. The heat transfer and gas diffusion model shows that in the future permafrost is likely to contribute less than 10 Tg yr −1 or 2% of the currently yearly source of methane under current climate change scenarios.
Cybernetic approach to investment decision making

Abstract This paper summarizes the results of our research into applications of cybernetic concepts and artificial intelligence techniques to investment analysis: it outlines the philosophy underlying the cybernetic approach to market forecasting and investment selection. This approach is computer oriented—it enables us to automate or program directly the complex judgmental aspects of investment decision making. The cybernetic approach alleviates some deficiencies of conventional statistical methods. Specifically, it (1) explicitly includes the time dimension into investment analysis, (2) is based on methods for decision making under uncertainty rather than risk, (3) yields computationally feasible methods for coping with the high complexity in investment analysis, and (4) yields decisions that are optimal rather than satisficing, i.e. performance of the Cybernetic Investment Decision System (CIDS) gradually improves during its operation through learning from past experience. A simplified CIDS has been implemented and tested in actual investment analysis. The experimental results of these tests indicate that through the cybernetic approach quality of investment decisions can be improved.
Catecholamines: Diminished rate of synthesis in rat brain and heart after thyroxine pretreatment

Abstract The rate at which 14 C tyrosine is incorporated into catecholamines is diminished after rats have been treated with thyroxine for ten days. This effect pertains to dopamine and norepinephrine in brain and to norepinephrine in heart. Since endogenous catecholamine levels do not change, discharge as well as synthesis is probably decreased.
Meningitis due to Hemophilus influenzae: long-term sequelae.

Thirty-three long-term survivors among 40 patients with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis were studied for residual handicaps. Severe disability was found in 4 of them and significant handicaps of wide variety in 11. Eighteen had no demonstrable sequelae.
Controlled synthesis of organic‐inorganic polymers that possess a backbone of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms

A new class of macromolecules has been synthesized based on a skeletal structure of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atoms (I). These are the first high polymers with an inorganic backbone to be developed on a broad scale since the discovery of the poly(organosiloxanes) in the 1940's. The preferred synthesis route makes use of highly reactive polymeric intermediates (I, X = C1 or F) used as substrates for halogen replacement by organic nucleophiles. Structural diversity is achieved either by changes in the nucleophile or by chemical modification of the side groups after they are attached to the backbone. Using these principles, a wide range of different polymers has been prepared ranging from elastomers to carrier molecules for steroids, transition metals, metalloporphyrins, or carboranes. Biodegradable and biocompatible macromolecules have also been synthesized. The critical role of small molecule model reactions is stressed, and examples are given of recently discovered organometallophosphazenes that are expected to have a profound influence on future polyphosphazene syntheses.
Predicting Women's Persistence in Adult Literacy Classes with Dispositional Variables

Adult literacy programs offer individuals, particularly women, opportunities to improve their educational levels and economic circumstances; however, persistence in these programs is an issue for many. Two hundred forty five participants in a statewide adult literacy program took the Adult Education Persistence Scale, a measure of self-efficacy, resilience, attitudes toward school, and attributions, a measure we developed in an effort to identify dispositional variables that predict persistence. Results indicated that dispositional variables modestly predicted persistence, identifying high and low attendees with 69% accuracy. We recommend screening for dispositional variables to identify those at risk for dropout and to provide relevant support.
Coaching leaders in middle and executive management: goals, performance, buy‐in

Purpose – This article aims to test the effectiveness of coaching for middle and executive level managers within a large recruiting organization.Design/methodology/approach – Participants set goals to achieve during a 12‐month coaching programme. The sample consisted of middle managers (n=30) and executive managers (n=29) involved in US Army recruiting. Outcomes included measures of coached participants' achievement of quota and personal goals, and assessment on nine leader competencies and buy‐in over the one‐year coaching period.Findings – Coached managers outperformed un‐coached, but experienced/incumbent counterparts. The strongest impact of coaching on performance was for middle managers and their subordinates (as opposed to executive managers). Both groups of participants demonstrated growth on some dimensions of recruiter‐leader competencies and achievement of self‐set goals.Research limitations/implications – A small and nontraditional sample of military recruiters was used. Future researchers can...
Non-neoplastic diseases of the gallbladder

Abstract Cholecystitis is the most prevalent surgical disease of industrialized countries, and usually results from cholelithiasis. More than 20,000,000 people in the United States have gallstones, 40% of whom will require surgical intervention. Although assessing gallbladder specimens is generally straightforward, enhanced detection of asymptomatic gallstones, incidental cholecystectomy, and improved diagnostic criteria for systemic illnesses account for an increasing number of cholecystectomy specimens that lack typical features of gallstone-related disease. A spectrum of immune-mediated disorders and infections may also be observed in gallbladder specimens. The purpose of this review is to discuss the manifestations of gallstone-related gallbladder injury, and different types of acalculous cholecystitis.
A Majority of Endodontists in the United States Believe it is Appropriate for them to Place Dental Implants

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Should endodontists place implants? A survey of U.S. endodontists. Potter, K. S., M. R. McQuistan, et al. J Endod (2009);35(7): 966-70. Reviewer Brian Laurence, DDS, PhD Purpose/Question Do endodontists believe it is within the scope of their clinical practice to place implants? Source of Funding Delta Dental of Iowa Type of Study/Design Survey Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Adaptive scanning optical microscope (ASOM): large field of view and high resolution imaging using a MEMS deformable mirror

For a wide range of applications in biology, medicine, and manufacturing, the small field of view associated with high resolution microscope systems poses a significant challenge in practice. This paper describes an optical microscope design, called the Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM), which uses a MEMS deformable mirror working with a specially designed scanning lens to achieve a greatly expanded field of view. Most adaptive optics systems (e.g. telescopes and ophthalmology instruments) are designed to achieve near ideal performance under nominal operating conditions and primarily use the adaptive optics element to compensate for a time varying disturbance to the wavefront that is external to the optical system. In contrast to this approach, the deformable mirror in the ASOM is an integral component of the optical system and the static (glass) optical elements have been specifically designed to match the shape correcting capabilities of the deformable mirror. Using a high speed steering mirror coordinated with the deformable mirror actuation voltages, the ASOM operates by scanning over the workspace and should achieve diffraction limited imaging over a region approximately two orders of magnitude larger in area than a traditional microscope design. With the rapid scanning capabilities allowed by the high speed steering mirror and by acquiring a complete image during each exposure, the ASOM offers advantages in dynamically reconfigurable and adaptable imaging with no agitation to the workspace. After describing the design and operating principle of the ASOM, we present results from a low cost ASOM prototype.
Asymptotic Expansions of Multiplicity Distributions in High-Energy Hadron Collisions

Steepest-descent methods are used to derive asymptotic prong distributions from the assumed limiting behavior of the multiplicity moments. A short-range and a long-range correlation model are shown to be each in agreement with proton-proton data from ${P}_{\mathrm{lab}}=50 \mathrm{to} 305$ GeV/c, and to be well approximated by their asymptotic forms at the highest energy. Quantitative predictions are given which may distinguish between them in experiments at the CERN Intersecting Storage Rings.
SELECTIVE INHIBITORY ACTIONS OF SODIUM-p-BENZYL-4-[1-OXO-2-(4-CHLOROBENZYL)-3-PHENYL PROPYL] PHENYL PHOSPHONATE (N-O164) AND INDOMETHACIN ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND THROMBOXANES FROM ARACHIDONIC ACID

Abstract 1 Sodium p-benzyl-4-[1-oxo-2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-phenyl propyl]phenyl phosphonate (N-0164) selectively inhibited the formation of thromboxane-A2 from prostaglandin endoperoxides by human platelet microsomes in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 2.2 × 10-5 M or 11.6 μg/ml). 2 N-0164 was approximately 15 to 20 times as potent as indomethacin as an inhibitor of thromboxane-A2 formation. In contrast, indomethacin was 20 times as potent as N-0164 as an inhibitor of prostaglandin endoperoxide formation from arachidonic acid (IC50 2.6 × 10-5 M or 9.4 μg/ml). 3 Spiral strips of dog coronary arteries relaxed in the presence of prostaglandin endoperoxides and were contracted by prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane-A2 and were therefore used to distinguish between prostaglandins and their intermediate precursors, the endoperoxides. 4 Neither indomethacin nor N-0164 (both 50 μg/ml) significantly inhibited the formation of prostaglandin-like activity from the endoperoxides following incubation with indomethacin-pretreated rabbit kidney medulla microsomes. 5 It is not known whether this action of N-0164 is related to its ability to antagonize certain actions of prostaglandins (and related compounds) or whether N-0164 can penetrate the cell membrane to inhibit thromboxane formation in the intact cell. 6 Selective inhibition of thromboxane formation by drugs such as N-0164 may be useful both clinically and as a pharmacological tool to elucidate the patho-physiological roles of the thromboxanes.
Some new directions in control theory inspired by systems biology

This paper, addressed primarily to engineers and mathematicians with an interest in control theory, argues that entirely new theoretical problems arise naturally when addressing questions in the field of systems biology. Examples from the author's recent work are used to illustrate this point.
Simian Neonatology III. The Causes of Neonatal Mortality

The causes of death were studied in 82 perinatal and neonatal monkeys. Forty- three of the 82 neonatal deaths were caused by inflammatory diseases (mainly pneumonia), intrauterine distress, and trauma. In 28 of the 82 monkeys, a major disease process could not be demonstrated. Intrauterine distress and antepartum death with maceration were commoner causes of death in premature infants ; trauma and inflammatory disease occurred more often in mature infants. Forty-nine of the 82 neonatal deaths occurred before the second day of life. During the last 3 weeks of the neonatal period, the majority of deaths were caused by infection.
Adjacent errors for assessing estimation and modeling algorithm performance

Some modeling errors of the RLS algorithm are defined. Inequalities among the variances of these errors are obtained. These inequalities show how the RLS algorithm behaves as it tracks process parameters. By simulation it is shown that virtually all algorithms like the RLS algorithm exhibit the same error behavior.
Robust H ∞ performance analysis for continuous-time networked control systems

This paper studies the problems of robust H infin performance analysis and controller design for continuous-time networked control systems (NCSs). A new type of Lyapunov functionals is exploited to derive sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the robust exponential stability and H infin performance of the considered system, and robust H infin controller design is presented. It is shown that the newly obtained result is less conservative than the existing corresponding ones. Meanwhile, by using a method of eliminating redundant variables, the computation complexity is reduced. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Four types of lookback

We present a classification that groups lookback into four types: direct strong lookback, universal strong lookback, direct weak lookback, and universal weak lookback. They are defined in terms of absolute and dynamic impact times. We discuss relationships between lookback types by considering when rollbacks and/or antimessages are avoided. From different types of lookback, we also derive three optimization techniques for optimistic simulation and point out their advantages over lazy cancellation. Finally, we show that all four types of lookback exist in the PCS network simulation and can be exploited by either lookback-based or optimistic protocols.
Price-Based Information Certificates for Minimal-Revelation Combinatorial Auctions

The equilibrium of the direct-revelation Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism for combinatorial auctions requires every agent to provide complete information about its preferences. Not only is this unreasonable in settings with costly preference evaluation, but moreover it is often possible to implement the same outcome with incomplete preference information. We formalize the problem of minimal-revelation mechanism design and introduce the concept of minimal information certificates. Linear programming duality theory proves that a class of price-based information certificates are both necessary and sufficient to compute an efficient allocation in a dominant strategy mechanism.
A novel ocean color index to detect floating algae in the global oceans

Abstract Various types of floating algae have been reported in open oceans and coastal waters, yet accurate and timely detection of these relatively small surface features using traditional satellite data and algorithms has been difficult or even impossible due to lack of spatial resolution, coverage, revisit frequency, or due to inherent algorithm limitations. Here, a simple ocean color index, namely the Floating Algae Index (FAI), is developed and used to detect floating algae in open ocean environments using the medium-resolution (250- and 500-m) data from operational MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instruments. FAI is defined as the difference between reflectance at 859 nm (vegetation “red edge”) and a linear baseline between the red band (645 nm) and short-wave infrared band (1240 or 1640 nm). Through data comparison and model simulations, FAI has shown advantages over the traditional NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) or EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) because FAI is less sensitive to changes in environmental and observing conditions (aerosol type and thickness, solar/viewing geometry, and sun glint) and can “see” through thin clouds. The baseline subtraction method provides a simple yet effective means for atmospheric correction, through which floating algae can be easily recognized and delineated in various ocean waters, including the North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. Because similar spectral bands are available on many existing and planned satellite sensors such as Landsat TM/ETM+ and VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite), the FAI concept is extendable to establish a long-term record of these ecologically important ocean plants.
Extensions of some two-dimensional bin packing algorithms

In this paper, we have presented some extensions of the level-oriented and bottom-up packing algorithms. These allocation procedures have previously been used to obtain approximate solutions to the problem of packing, with minimum total height, a set of rectangles into a single unit width, infinite height bin. We have modified these approaches and applied the algorithms to the problem of packing a given list of rectangles into a minimum number of 1 × 1 bins. In addition, error bounds for these methods were obtained by extending the results which were previously proved. In several cases, the multiplicative constants of the upper bounds for our algorithms were also shown to be as small as possible.
Fish consumption and risk of stroke in Swedish women

Background: Epidemiologic studies of fish consumption in relation to risk of stroke have yielded inconsistent results. Objective: In this study, we examined the association between fish consumption and stroke incidence in women. Design: We analyzed data from a population-based prospective cohort of 34,670 women in the Swedish Mammography Cohort who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Information on fish consumption was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire in 1997. Incident cases of stroke were ascertained from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs. Results: Over a mean follow-up of 10.4 y, we ascertained 1680 incident cases of stroke, including 1310 cerebral infarctions, 233 hemorrhagic strokes, and 137 unspecified strokes. Fish consumption was significantly inversely associated with risk of total stroke but not with cerebral infarction or hemorrhagic stroke. Compared with women in the lowest quintile of fish consumption (,1.0 serving of fish/wk), the multivariable RR of total stroke for women in the highest quintile (.3.0 servings of fish/wk) was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.98; P for trend = 0.049). Consumption of lean fish but not of other fish types was inversely associated with risk of stroke. The multivariable RR of total stroke was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.93; P for trend = 0.07) for 3 servings of lean fish/wk compared with that for no consumption. Conclusion: These results suggest that the consumption of fish, especially of lean fish, may reduce risk of stroke in women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01127698. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:487‐93.
Hard-tissue healing after application of fresh or set MTA as root-end-filling material.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of fresh mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with set MTA on hard-tissue healing after periradicular surgery. The root canals of 24 mandibular premolars in four 2-yr-old beagle dogs were filled with MTA. Two weeks later the root ends of half of the samples were surgically exposed and resected to the set MTA within the canals. After exposing and resecting the other 12 root ends, they were prepared with ultrasonic instrumentation and preparations were filled with fresh MTA. After 4 months, the animals were killed. Hard-tissue healing was analyzed histomorphometrically. The results indicated that although freshly placed MTA resulted in a significantly higher incidence of cementum formation (12 of 12 versus 8 of 12, p 0.028), there is no significant difference in the quantity of cementum or osseous healing associated with freshly placed or set MTA when used as root– end-filling material.
The role of psychological factors in sport injury rehabilitation outcomes

Although physical factors have ascended to a position of primacy in explaining and guiding treatment toward attaining sport injury rehabilitation outcomes, psychological factors may also play an important role in the rehabilitation process. This review examines correlational studies (N=26) in which significant relationships between psychological factors have been found and experimental studies (N=14) in which the effects of psychological factors on sport injury rehabilitation outcomes have been assessed. A variety of personal, cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors associated with sport injury rehabilitation outcomes have been identified and several interventions have been found effective in enhancing sport injury rehabilitation outcomes. Theoretical, empirical, and practical considerations for developing a research agenda to explicate the role of psychological factors in sport injury rehabilitation outcomes are discussed.
Influence of tissue plasminogen activator and heparin on cerebral ischemia in a rabbit model.

The aims of this study were to verify that tissue-type plasminogen activator given either 1 or 2 hours after experimental embolic stroke in rabbits diminishes the volume of resulting ischemic brain and to ascertain the effect of the simultaneous administration of heparin.We embolized the middle cerebral artery of rabbits by injecting performed autologous arterial ("white") thrombus into one internal carotid artery. Treatment with 2 mg/kg tissue-type plasminogen activator, alone or in combination with heparin, was commenced either 1 or 2 hours after embolization. The animals were killed 5 hours after treatment commenced, and their brains were examined for evidence of ischemia and hemorrhage.Administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator significantly diminished the size of the resulting brain ischemia. Administration of heparin, with or instead of tissue-type plasminogen activator, did not result in a significant decrease in the volume of cerebral ischemia, but it also did not lead to hemorrhagic tran...
Photoreflectance of a GaAs/In 0.5 Ga 0.5 P (ordered) Single Quantum Well Grown by Atomic Layer Epitaxy

We have studied the photoreflectance spectrum at 300K from a GaAs/In 0.5 Ga 0.5 p (ordered) single quantum well fabricated by atomic layer epitaxy. Comparison of the energies of the observed intersubband and barrier transitions with an envelope function model calculation yields a valence band offset of 350 ± 20 meV.
The activation of tertiary amines by osmium cluster complexes : further studies of the reaction of Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2 with triethylamine

The reactions of Os3(CO)12 and Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2 with NEt3 have been reinvestigated. Two new products, Os3(CO)10(μ-CH2C(H)NEt2)(μ-H)) (2) and Os3(CO)10(syn-μ-η1-CHCHNEt2)(μ-H) (3) were obtained in low yields, 4% and 7%, in addition to the previously reported compound Os3(CO)10(anti-μ-η1-CHCHNEt2(μ-H) (1) (20% yield) when the reaction was conducted at 25°C using Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2. Compounds 2 and 3 were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compound 2 contains a bridging methyl-metallated N-ethylimine ligand formed by the cleavage of one ethyl group from the NEt3. Compound 3 is an isomer of 1 in which the bridging ligand has a syn conformation with respect to the cluster as compared with the anti conformation in 1. Compound 3 slowly isomerizes to 1. Compound 3 is de-carbonylated by exposure to UV radiation and is transformed to the new compound Os3(CO)9(μ3-CC(H)NEt2)(μ-H)2 (4) (58% yield) by an additional CH activation to form a triply bridging η1-diethylaminovinylidene ligand. Compound 4 isomerizes to the compound Os3(CO)9(μ3-HCCNEt2)(μ-H)2 (5) (70% yield) at 68°C. The latter contains a triply briding ynamine ligand which exhibits structural and reactivity features that are characteristic of a carbene ligand at the amine-substituted carbon atom. Crystal data: for 2, space group = P21/c, a = 9.236(2) A, b = 12.469(2) A, c = 18.107(3) A, β = 104.67(1)°, Z = 4, 2518 reflections, R = 0.031; for 3, space group = P21/m, a = 7.644(1) A, b = 12.706(2) A, c = 11.912(2) A, β = 108.02(1)°, Z = 2, 1295 reflections, R = 0.030; for 4, space group = P21/n, a = 10.233(2) A, b = 14.834(4) A, c = 14.538(2) A, β = 99.88(2)°, Z = 4, 2403 reflections, R = 0.036.
Classes of Multiagent Q-learning Dynamics with epsilon-greedy Exploration

Q-learning in single-agent environments is known to converge in the limit given sufficient exploration. The same algorithm has been applied, with some success, in multi-agent environments, where traditional analysis techniques break down. Using established dynamical systems methods, we derive and study an idealization of Q-learning in 2-player 2-action repeated general-sum games. In particular, we address the discontinuous case of e-greedy exploration and use it as a proxy for value-based algorithms to highlight a contrast with existing results in policy search. Analogously to previous results for gradient ascent algorithms, we provide a complete catalog of the convergence behavior of the e-greedy Q-learning algorithm by introducing new subclasses of these games. We identify two subclasses of Prisoner's Dilemma-like games where the application of Q-learning with e-greedy exploration results in higher-than-Nash average payoffs for some initial conditions.
Chronic Sex Steroid Exposure Increases Mean Plasma Growth Hormone Concentration and Pulse Amplitude in Men with Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

Sex steroid administration can increase the GH response to provocative stimuli, but the relationship of sex steroids to spontaneous GH secretion is still controversial. We sought to characterize the effect of sex steroids on the plasma GH concentration by examining the 24-h pattern of episodic GH secretion in nine previously untreated adult men with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism before and during long term testosterone, gonadotropin, or pulsatile GnRH treatment. After chronic sex steroid exposure, the mean 24-h plasma GH level, mean GH pulse amplitude, and mean area under the curve of pulses were significantly increased compared to pretreatment values [3.2 +/- 1.8 ( +/- SD) vs. 1.8 +/- 1.2 ng/mL (P less than 0.01); 11.4 +/- 7.2 vs. 5.5 +/- 4.4 ng/mL (P less than 0.05); and 720 +/- 547 vs. 316 +/- 371 ng/mL X 20 min (P less than 0.05), respectively], while mean 24-h pre- and posttreatment GH pulse frequencies were indistinguishable (5.7 +/- 2.1 posttreatment vs. 5.0 +/- 3.2 pretreatment; P = NS). The mean posttreatment plasma somatomedin-C level also rose significantly during treatment (1.89 +/- 0.65 vs. 1.28 +/- 0.48 U/mL; P less than 0.01). We conclude that the increase in the mean plasma GH level during chronic sex steroid exposure is due mainly to augmentation of GH pulse amplitude, and that sex steroids probably increase spontaneous GH secretion.
Recent Developments in Numerical Techniques for Transport-Based Medical Imaging Methods

The objective of this paper is to reviewrecent developments in numerical re- construction methods for inverse transport problems in imaging applications, mainly optical tomography, fluorescence tomography and bioluminescence tomography. In those inverse problems, one aims at reconstructing physical parameters,suchas the ab- sorption coefficient, the scattering coefficient and the fluorescence light source, inside heterogeneous media, frompartialknowledge oftransport solutions onthe boundaries of the media. The physical parameters recovered can be used for diagnostic purpose. Numerical reconstruction techniques for those inverse transport problems can be roughly classified into two categories: linear reconstruction methods and nonlinear re- construction methods. In the first type of methods, the inverse problems are linearized around some known background to obtain linear inverse problems. Classical regular- ization techniques are then applied to solve those inverse problems. The second type of methods are either based on regularized nonlinear least-square techniques or based on gradient-driven iterative methods for nonlinear operator equations. In either case, the unknown parameters are iteratively updated until the solutions of the transport equations with the those parameters match the measurements to a certain extent. We reviewlinear and nonlinear reconstruction methods for inverse transport problems in medical imaging with stationary, frequency-domain and time-dependent data. The materials presented include both existing and new results. Meanwhile, we attempt to present similar algorithms for different problems in the same framework to make it more straightforward to generalize those algorithms to other inverse (transport) prob- lems.
The Role Of End-User Training In Technology Acceptance

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role end-user training has on performance expectancy and effort expectancy, two variables associated with technology acceptance. The technology-based elements of the HIPAA security rules among oral surgeons were used for the study. The method of the investigation was a cross-sectional correlational study using a self-reported mailed questionnaire. The survey was created using preexisting scales from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Results suggest end-user training is positively correlated with both performance expectancy and effort expectancy.
Hypertension in heart transplant recipients: more than just cyclosporine*

Cardiac transplantation offers definitive therapy for selected patients with end-stage heart failure and thus provides significant improvements in survival in these recipients. Heart transplantation comes with a cost, however, resulting from the actual transplantation procedure, the subsequent allo-
Right–Left Differences in Knee Extension Stiffness for the Normal Rat Knee: In Vitro Measurements Using a New Testing Apparatus

Knee stiffness following joint injury or immobilization is a common clinical problem, and the rat has been used as a model for studies related to joint stiffness and limitation of motion. Knee stiffness measurements have been reported for the anesthetized rat, but it is difficult to separate the contributions of muscular and ligamentous restraints to the recorded values. in vitro testing of isolated rat knees devoid of musculature allows measurement of joint structural properties alone. In order to measure the effects of therapeutic or surgical interventions designed to alter joint stiffness, the opposite extremity is often used as a control. However, right–left stiffness differences for the normal rat knee have not been reported in the literature. If stiffness changes observed for a treatment group are within the normal right–left variation, validity of the results could be questioned. The objectives of this study were to utilize a new testing apparatus to measure right–left stiffness differences during knee extension in a population of normal rat knees and to document repeatability of the stiffness measurements on successive testing days. Moment versus rotation curves were recorded for 15 right–left pairs of normal rat knees on three consecutive days, with overnight specimen storage in a refrigerator. Each knee was subjected to ten loading–unloading cycles, with the last loading curve used for analysis. Angular rotation (AR), defined here as the change in flexion–extension angle from a specified applied joint moment, is commonly used as a measure of overall joint stiffness. For these tests, ARs were measured from the recorded test curves with a maximum applied extension moment of 100 g cm. Mean rotations for testing days 2 and 3 were 0.81–1.25 deg lower (p < 0.001) than for day 1, but were not significantly different from each other. For each testing day, mean rotations for right knees were 1.12–1.30 deg greater (p < 0.001) than left knees. These right–left stiffness differences should be considered when interpreting the results of knee treatment studies designed to alter knee stiffness when using the opposite extremity as a control.
Abstract WP350: Evolution of a Stroke Center Utilizing Systems Thinking and Collaborative Strategies

Background: As a large health system, positioned in the stroke belt, expansion was essential to meeting the growing demand for stroke care. The mission and vision was to meet the needs of stroke patients and become a recognized leader in stroke care in the South East. Stroke Center leadership established a strategic plan to gain organizational commitment to achieve this goal. Methods: In 2003, patients were cared for in a 6-bed stroke unit and a 30-bed acute care unit directed by Neurology. These beds became increasingly insufficient and care delivery fragmented. While still being able to meet patient needs and achieving Primary Stroke Center designation, the center lacked a comprehensive delivery model. Initial goals began with increasing capacity, volumes and streamlining care. Strong multidisciplinary partnership was crucial for change. To streamline care, Neurology and Neurosurgery partnered to create a NeuroCare Team (NCT) and aligned themselves under Surgery Services. The 8-bed Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit expanded to a 16-bed Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, the step-down converted to 18 stroke-capable beds, the 6-bed stroke unit dissolved and a 36-bed acute care unit designated stroke capable. All levels of care were now able to provide consistency by stroke trained nursing staff and physicians. With this increased capacity, the team implemented a new patient flow framework called ‘Open Access’. This concept required each member of the team to say ‘yes’ to stroke patient referrals, every patient, every time. The multidisciplinary team created a plan for bed availability to accommodate this vision. Results: Between 2009 and 2010, the center expanded capacity from 36 to 72 stroke-capable beds, with volumes increasing for outside hospital transfers by 100% in FY11. The Stroke Center was recognized by the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines Bronze Achievement Award and by US News and World Report as a High Performing Hospital in 2012. Conclusions: Clinical collaboration, strategic leadership and organizational commitment can build a high quality, comprehensive and financially strong Stroke Center. Alignment of physician and nursing staff delivering stroke care is key to streamlining, consistency and quality of care.
Six Degree of Freedom Dynamical Model of a Morphing Aircraft

Morphing aircraft are envisioned to have multirole capability where the ability to change shape allows for adaptation to a changing mission environment. In order to calculate the properties of many wing congurations eciently and rapidly, a model of a morphing aircraft is needed. This paper develops an aerodynamic model and a dynamic model of a morphing ying wing aircraft. The dynamic model includes realistic aerodynamic forces, consisting of lift, drag, and pitching moment about the leading edge, calculated using a constant strength source doublet panel method. The panel method allows for the calculation of aerodynamic forces due to large scale shape changing eects. The aerodynamic model allows for asymmetric congurations in order to generate rolling and yawing moments. The dynamic model calculates state information for the morphing wing based on the aerodynamic forces from the panel method. The model allows for multiple shape changing degrees-of-freedom for the wing, including thickness, sweep, dihedral angle, and chord length. Results show the model provides a versatile and computationally ecient tool for
Upper Lid Blepharoplasty

Upper lid blepharoplasty is a common procedure for restoration and rejuvenation of the upper eyelids that can be performed safely and reliably. Understanding the anatomy and aging process of the brow-upper lid aesthetic unit along with properly assessing the excesses and deficiencies of the periorbital region helps to formulate an appropriate surgical plan. Volume deficiency in the aging upper lid may require corrective augmentation. Preexisting asymmetries and ptosis need to be identified and discussed before surgery. Standardized photography along with a candid discussion regarding patients' desired outcomes and realistic expectations are essential to a successful outcome.
Dual-link Fiber Disconnected Capacity Planning Algorithm in PTN

In the PTN network planning construction,leaving backup bandwidth for optical fibers is an effective method to improve network survivability.It ensures that parts of the fiber links are disconnected,and the affected businesses still have sufficient capacity for resources re-routing.In this paper,first look through every network dual-link failure state,then disconnect any two links in the network,after that increase link capacities to assure all failed services can be successfully re-routing again;At last propose the dual-link fiber disconnected capacity planning algorithm(DDCPA) and carry out simulation experiments.The results show that the algorithm effectively saves network bandwidth,reduces construction cost and improves fault tolerance,also has a good performance in link planning of transmission network.
Implementation of management strategies for diabetes and hypertension: From local to global health in cardiovascular diseases

Diabetes and hypertension are chronic conditions that are growing in prevalence as major causal factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The need for chronic-illness surveillance, population-risk management, and successful treatment interventions are crucial for reducing the burden of future CVD. Addressing these problems will require population-risk stratification, task-sharing and -shifting, and community-as well as network-based care. Information technology tools also provide new opportunities for identifying those at risk and for implementing comprehensive approaches to achieving the goal of improved health locally, regionally, nationally, and globally. This article discusses ongoing efforts at one university health center in the implementation of management strategies for diabetes and hypertension at the local, regional, national, and global levels.