cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of wastewater ammonium under varying salinity conditions within the marshland upwelling system

Coastal wetlands and estuaries are impacted by nutrient loads from a variety of sources including infrequently occupied hunting and fishing camps. The marshland upwelling system (MUS) was designed ...
From blight to beauty: the controversial creation of the first U.S. industrial-heritage park

This chapter describes and assesses Richard Haag’s controversial campaign to create Seattle’s Gas Works Park. Haag’s plan is significant in the history of environmental aesthetics, because it was the first to preserve remnants of industrial heritage in a US city park and because Haag appealed to aesthetics when making his case. In a fascinating campaign that played out in newspaper editorials and public hearings, Haag entreated the city of Seattle to view the gas-works ruins as sculpture and continually called attention to their real and potential aesthetic properties. I recount this debate and then argue that Haag succeeded in establishing the aesthetic significance of the ruins of the now much-admired park. I also claim that the gas plant’s remnants now function as genuine ruins, and thus are no longer active agents or monuments of environmental degradation.
Death penalty attitudes and the tendency to convict or acquit: Some data.

Three studies examined whether attitudes toward the death penalty were related to conviction or acquittal proneness. They were not, even in a case where it was clear that the prosecution was asking for death. Two questions asked whether attitudes toward the death penalty were related to changes in the threshold of guilt or in the amount of evidence required to find guilt when death as compared to life imprisonment was the potential sentence. They were so related, but answers to such questions were unrelated to verdicts in a death case. In one study, strong opponents of the death penalty were no different from others in attitudes toward attorneys and witnesses, in recollection of the facts of a trial, or in their subjective impressions about the trial. The basis of any attitude-behavior relation in this area is questioned.
The effect of job shadowing on recruiting students to academic programs in property management

There has been a growing talent shortage among property management professionals. University students studying residential property management (RPM) are in high demand, and often receive multiple j...
Paclitaxel-Based Devices for the Treatment of PAD: Balancing Clinical Efficacy with Possible Risk

Paclitaxel-based endovascular devices have become the standard of care in symptomatic, medication-refractory peripheral artery disease (PAD) and in critical limb ischemia (CLI). This review examines the data on the efficacy and safety of these devices relative to standard balloon angioplasty (PTA) and bare metal stents (BMS). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found that peripheral devices coated with paclitaxel result in superior patency rates and decreased target lesion revascularization (TLR) compared with non-drug-coated devices. Recently, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials unexpectedly reported an increase in mortality in patients treated with paclitaxel-coated devices (PCDs), resulting in the pausing of ongoing trials and a warning of safety from the FDA. Observational data that has been published since this time has not supported this safety concern. PAD is a common disease that severely impacts quality and length of life. PCDs are a promising therapy for patients with PAD, offering a more effective and durable intervention when compared with traditional PTA/BMS. A meta-analysis of RCTs identified a signal of harm with these devices which has now been replicated by the FDA. However, there is significant missing data from the trials analyzed by the meta-analysis and FDA, no plausible mechanism linking paclitaxel to death, and no correlation between paclitaxel dose and mortality. Analyses in observational data have found no safety signal. An FDA panel evaluating the validity of this late-mortality signal recently adjourned, emphasizing that the available data is incomplete. PCDs will remain on the market, and an active discussion is underway for developing an approach for improved post-market surveillance, device-labeling, and cause of death adjudication.
Projecting Free-Space Light with Arbitrary Polarization by a Photonic Chip Integrated with a Metasurface

Integrating chip-scale photonics with mechanical, biological, and chemical systems, where a light beam enjoys a well-controlled phase, intensity, and polarization, can infuse a new life into optical spectroscopy of materials [1], atomic and molecular optics [2], and chip-scale optical trapping [3]. We have recently realized a photonic extreme mode converter (EMC), which projects a ≈ 200 μm wide collimated beam from a single-mode waveguide [4,5]. The beam is linearly polarized and propagates over several millimeters with low diffraction. Here we report a photonic platform assembled by integrating the EMC with a planar metasurface (MS), which enables waveguide mode conversion into a free-space beam with an arbitrarily designed phase, intensity, and polarization.
Arthroscopic Repair of an Isolated Infraspinatus Tear in a Contact Athlete: A Case Report.

Introduction Young, athletic patients who suffer a traumatic rotator cuff tear often have high expectations for returning to their pre-injury level of physical ability. Rotator cuff injuries in adolescent and young adults are rare injuries. Isolated tears of the infraspinatus tendon are ever more rare with only one other case being previously reported in literature. Case Report We present the case of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear isolated to the infraspinatus tendon in an 18-year-old quarterback. The patient underwent arthroscopic fixation and has returned to pre-injury level of function. Conclusion This case presents the rare injury of an isolated infraspinatus tear and demonstrates that with subsequent treatment the patient was able to return to pre-injury level of function. General arthroscopic techniques and rehabilitation protocols used for rotator cuff tears in young patients can be applied to successfully manage traumatic tears of the infraspinatus.
A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior.

Fear- and anxiety-related behaviors significantly contribute to an organism’s survival. However, exaggerated defensive responses to perceived threat are characteristic of various anxiety disorders, which are the most prevalent form of mental illness in the United States. Discovering the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for defensive behaviors will aid in the development of novel therapeutic interventions. Pavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used laboratory paradigm to study fear-related learning and memory. A major limitation of traditional Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigms is that freezing is the only defensive behavior monitored. We recently developed a modified Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm that allows us to study both conditioned freezing and flight (also known as escape) behavior within individual subjects. This model employs higher intensity footshocks and a greater number of pairings between the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. Additionally, this conditioned flight paradigm utilizes serial presentation of pure tone and white noise auditory stimuli as the conditioned stimulus. Following conditioning in this paradigm, mice exhibit freezing behavior in response to the tone stimulus, and flight responses during the white noise. This conditioning model can be applied to the study of rapid and flexible transitions between behavioral responses necessary for survival.
Asymmetric quantum cloning machines in any dimension

A family of asymmetric cloning machines for $N$-dimensional quantum states is introduced. These machines produce two imperfect copies of a single state that emerge from two distinct Heisenberg channels. The tradeoff between the quality of these copies is shown to result from a complementarity akin to Heisenberg uncertainty principle. A no-cloning inequality is derived for isotropic cloners: if $\pi_a$ and $\pi_b$ are the depolarizing fractions associated with the two copies, the domain in $(\sqrt{\pi_a},\sqrt{\pi_b})$-space located inside a particular ellipse representing close-to-perfect cloning is forbidden. More generally, a no-cloning uncertainty relation is discussed, quantifying the impossibility of copying imposed by quantum mechanics. Finally, an asymmetric Pauli cloning machine is defined that makes two approximate copies of a quantum bit, while the input-to-output operation underlying each copy is a (distinct) Pauli channel. The class of symmetric Pauli cloning machines is shown to provide an upper bound on the quantum capacity of the Pauli channel of probabilities $p_x$, $p_y$ and $p_z$.
Fraternal Fractures: Marriage, Masculinity, and Malicious Menfolk in Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat” and “Magnolia Flower”

The lack of salvation, or the state of being unsaved, evokes a religious crisis, one in which the body is left outside the gates of deliverance and protection. The unsaved are, fundamentally, defin...
Established diet quality indices are not universally associated with body composition in young adult women.

Objective: To determine which established diet quality indices best predict weight-related outcomes in young women. Design: In this cross-sectional analysis, we collected dietary information using the Harvard FFQ and measured body fat percentage (BF%) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We used FFQ data to derive five diet quality indices: Recommended Food Score (RFS), Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED) and Healthy Plant-Based Diet Index (HPDI). Setting: University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Participants: Two hundred sixty healthy women aged 18–30 years. Results: The AHEI-2010 and HPDI were associated with BMI and BF%, such that a ten-point increase in either diet score was associated with a 1·2 percentage-point lower BF% and a 0·5 kg/m2 lower BMI (P 32 %) were 50 % lower for those in the highest v. lowest tertile of the AHEI-2010 (P = 0·04). Neither the RFS nor HEI-2015 was associated with BMI or BF%; the aMED was associated with BMI but not BF%. Conclusions: These results suggest that diet quality tends to be inversely associated with BMI and BF% in young women, but that this association is not observed for all diet quality indices. Diet indices may have limited utility in populations where the specific healthful foods and food groups emphasised by the index are not widely consumed. Future research should aim to replicate these findings in longitudinal studies that compare body composition changes over time across diet indices in young women.
Risk factors for surgical complications in the management of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND CONTEXT Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a progressive, debilitating disease most commonly affecting the cervical spine. When compared to other degenerative pathologies, OPLL procedures carry a significantly higher risk of complications owing to increased case complexity and technical difficulties. Most previous studies have focused on functional outcomes and few have reported on risk factors for postoperative complications in OPLL patients. PURPOSE To identify clinical and radiological risk factors of surgical complications following treatment for cervical OPLL STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review PATIENT SAMPLE One hundred thirty-one patients with cervical myelopathy secondary to OPLL who underwent surgical decompression with complete 2-year follow-up. OUTCOME MEASURES Surgical and medical postoperative complications were analyzed. Revision surgery rates and mortality rates were recorded. METHODS Clinical, surgical, and radiological characteristics were collected for each patient. Complications within 30 days were identified. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors for surgical complications. RESULTS There were 39 (29.8%) surgical complications in the cohort, which included C5 palsy (7.6%), dural tear (3.1%), surgical site infection (3.1%), and epidural hematoma (1.5%). 2-year revision and mortality rates were 4.6% and 2.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that blood loss ≥750mL (OR 3.42, p=0.028), operative duration ≥5.5 hours (OR 3.16, p=0.008), hill-type OPLL (OR 3.08, p=0.011), K-line (-) OPLL (OR 5.39, p CONCLUSIONS Patients with OPLL have a higher risk of perioperative surgical complications if they had a hill-shaped OPLL and K-line (-) OPLL on preoperative imaging studies. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to link hill-type and K-line (-) OPLL morphology as risk factors for perioperative surgical complications.
Providing a Second Opinion to Dr. Google with the WWW Framework.

While clinicians are often aware that their patients seek second opinions, they are rarely taught specific skills for how to effectively communicate with patients when they are the ones providing that second opinion. The nuances of these skills are amplified when the second opinion being provided is to the ubiquitous (and often anonymous) Dr. Google. In this perspective, the authors share an approach for discussing a patient’s pre-visit health-related internet findings. After emphasizing the importance of setting the stage, they describe the WWW Framework which proposes “waiting” before responding with data, getting to the “what” of the patient’s search, and “working together” to negotiate a plan. This stepwise approach is designed to provide psychological safety, build a therapeutic alliance, and empower collaborative treatment planning.
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES Alcoholic Beverages: Prohibit Nudity and Sexual Conduct on Premises Where Alcoholic Beverages are Sold or Dispensed for Consumption

The Act prohibits nudity and sexual conduct on premises where alcoholic beverages are sold or dispensed for consumption on the premises and provides for penalties for violations of the Act.
Pyrolytic Treatment and Fertility Enhancement of Soils Contaminated with Heavy Hydrocarbons

Pyrolysis of contaminated soils at 420 °C converted recalcitrant heavy hydrocarbons into “char” (a carbonaceous material similar to petroleum coke) and enhanced soil fertility. Pyrolytic treatment reduced total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) to below regulatory standards (typically <1% by weight) within 3 h using only 40–60% of the energy required for incineration at 600–1200 °C. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was not observed, with post-pyrolysis levels well below applicable standards. Plant growth studies showed a higher biomass production of Arabidopsis thaliana and Lactuca sativa (Simpson black-seeded lettuce) (80–900% heavier) in pyrolyzed soils than in contaminated or incinerated soils. Elemental analysis showed that pyrolyzed soils contained more carbon than incinerated soils (1.4–3.2% versus 0.3–0.4%). The stark color differences between pyrolyzed and incinerated soils suggest that the carbonaceous material produced via pyrolysis was dispersed in the form of a layer coating the...
Mining of Evolving Data Streams with Privacy Preservation

The data stream domain has become increasingly important in recent years because of its applicability to a wide variety of applications. Problems such as data mining and privacy preservation which have been studied for traditional data sets cannot be easily solved for the data stream domain. This is because the large volume of data arriving in a stream renders most algorithms to inefficient as most mining and privacy preservation algorithms require multiple scans of data which is unrealistic for stream data. More importantly, the characteristics of the data stream can change over time and the evolving pattern needs to be captured. In this talk, I’ll discuss the issued and focus on how to mine evolving data streams and preserve privacy.
3D T2-weighted spin echo imaging in the breast.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of 2D versus 3D T2-weighted spin echo imaging in the breast. Materials and Methods 2D and 3D T2-weighted images were acquired in 25 patients as part of a clinically indicated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam. Lesion-to-fibroglandular tissue signal ratio was measured in 16 identified lesions. Clarity of lesion morphology was assessed through a blinded review by three radiologists. Instances demonstrating the potential diagnostic contribution of 3D versus 2D T2-weighted imaging in the breast were noted through unblinded review by a fourth radiologist. Results The lesion-to-fibroglandular tissue signal ratio was well correlated between 2D and 3D T2-weighted images (R2 = 0.93). Clarity of lesion morphology was significantly better with 3D T2-weighted imaging for all observers based on a McNemar test (P ≤ 0.02, P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.03). Instances indicating the potential diagnostic contribution of 3D T2-weighted imaging included improved depiction of signal intensity and improved alignment between DCE and T2-weighted findings. Conclusion In this pilot study, 3D T2-weighted imaging provided comparable contrast and improved depiction of lesion morphology in the breast in comparison to 2D T2-weighted imaging. Based on these results further investigation to determine the diagnostic impact of 3D T2-weighted imaging in breast MRI is warranted. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:332–338. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical and x-ray observations of t tauri stars

Caracteristiques et proprietes generales des etoiles T Tauri. Localisation dans le diagramme HR. Rotation des etoiles T Tauri. Profils des raies d'emission. Observations RX
Sample size calculation for before–after experiments with partially overlapping cohorts

We investigate sample size calculation for before-after experiments where the outcome of interest is binary and the enrolled subjects contribute a mixed type of data: some subjects contribute complete pairs of before- and after-intervention outcomes, while some subjects contribute incomplete data (before-intervention only or after-intervention only). We use the GEE approach to derive a closed-form sample size formula by treating the incomplete observations as missing data in a generalized linear model. The impacts of various designing factors are appropriately accounted for in the sample size formula, including intervention effect, baseline response rate, within-subject correlation, and distribution of missing values in the before- and after-intervention periods. We illustrate sample size estimation using a real application example. We conduct simulation studies to demonstrate that the proposed sample size maintains the nominal power and type I error under a wide spectrum of trial configurations.
Architectures and Algorithms for Digital Multimedia On-Demand Servers

Future advances in networking coupled with the rapid advances in storage technologies will make it feasible to build multimedia on-demand servers that provide services similar to those of neighborhood videotape rental stores on a metropolitan-area network. A critical requirement in building a multimedia server is the need for guaranteeing continuous playback of media streams. Hence, there are two important questions that need to be addressed in designing a multimedia server: (1) how should media streams be laid out on disk so as to guarantee their continuous retrieval, and (2) how can multiple clients be serviced simultaneously by a multimedia server? In order to address the first question, we propose a constrained block placement policy, in which separations between successive media blocks on disk are bounded so as to guarantee their continuous retrieval at real-time rates. To enable the multimedia server to support multiple clients, we study various policies (such as, round robin and quality proportional) for servicing multiple clients, and propose admission control algorithms for determining whether a new client can be admitted without violating the real-time requirements of any of the clients already being serviced. Finally, we capture the multiplicity of media streams characterizing multimedia objects by defining a multimedia rope abstraction, and describe techniques for their efficient storage on disk, as well as address the problem of servicing multiple rope retrieval requests simultaneously.
Location of brain tumor intersecting white matter tracts predicts patient prognosis

Brain tumor cells invade adjacent normal brain along white matter (WM) bundles of axons. We therefore hypothesized that the location of tumor intersecting WM tracts would be associated with differing survival. This study introduces a method, voxel-wise survival analysis (VSA), to determine the relationship between the location of brain tumor intersecting WM tracts and patient prognosis. 113 primary glioblastoma (GBM) patients were retrospectively analyzed for this study. Patient specific tumor location, defined by contrast-enhancement, was combined with diffusion tensor imaging derived tractography to determine the location of axons intersecting tumor enhancement (AXITEs). VSA was then used to determine the relationship between the AXITE location and patient survival. Tumors intersecting the right anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), right and left cortico-spinal tract (CST), and corpus callosum (CC) were associated with decreased overall survival. Tumors intersecting the CST, body of the CC, right ATR, posterior IFOF, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus are associated with decreased progression-free survival (PFS), while tumors intersecting the right genu of the CC and anterior IFOF are associated with increased PFS. Patients with tumors intersecting the ATR, IFOF, CST, or CC had significantly improved survival prognosis if they were additionally treated with bevacizumab. This study demonstrates the usefulness of VSA by locating AXITEs associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. This information should be included in patient-physician conversations, therapeutic strategy, and clinical trial design.
Drug Screening by Enzymatic Immunoassay with the Centrifugal Analyzer

We describe a method for determination of barbiturates, amphetamines, opiates, and methadone by the "enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique" (EMIT) applied to the centrifugal analyzer. This method gives results that agree well (92% for barbiturates, 97% for opiates, 94% for methadone, and 96% for amphetamines) with those obtained by the same technique with the SyvaGilford EMIT instrumentation. Its advantages include use of half as much of the expensive reagents; capability of batch operation, which removes the need for continual attention; and more nearly complete automation. For individual samples it is as fast as the manual method; for large numbers of specimens it is faster.
The Distribution of the Quotient of Maximum Values in Samples from a Rectangular Distribution

Abstract When there is a priori knowledge that two samples have been drawn from rectangular populations with the same lower bounds, the hypothesis that both samples have been drawn from the same population can be tested by means of the quotient of the maximum values. The distribution of this statistic is derived, and its properties studied. Explicit expressions for the power function of the test are given, and the table of 5% values of the quotient is given for sample sizes up to ten. A numerical example is given.
Whose Risk in Philadelphia? Proximity to Unequally Hazardous Industrial Facilities*

Objective. Few researchers have investigated who lives near the worst polluting facilities. In this study, we test for disparate impact from hazardous industrial and infrastructure facilities on racial/ethnic minorities, the disadvantaged, the working class, and manufacturing workers in the nine-county Philadelphia MSA. Methods. Hazard Scores for Philadelphia-area facilities in EPA's Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) database were calculated and facilities mapped onto Census block group maps. One-kilometer buffer zones around facilities were created and intersected with Census data on population inside and outside buffers. After correcting for spatial autocorrelation, we tested for relationships between Hazard Scores and characteristics of people near facilities using multivariate regression. Results. Hazard Scores rose along with percents black, Hispanic, disadvantaged, and employed in manufacturing in some (but not all) counties. Conclusions. Among those living near polluting facilities, minorities, the poor, and manufacturing workers lived near the most hazardous, constituting a disparate impact on these groups.
Parallel non-verbal enumeration is constrained by a set-based limit

Adults can represent approximate numbers of items independently of language. This approximate number system can discriminate and compare entities as varied as dots, sounds, or actions. But can multiple different types of entities be enumerated in parallel and stored as independent numerosities? Subjects who were prevented from verbally counting watched an experimenter hide sequences of objects in two locations. The number of object types, which contrasted in category membership, color, shape, and texture, varied from 1 to 5, and object types were completely temporally intermixed. Subjects were then asked how many objects of each type were in each location. In three experiments, subjects successfully enumerated the objects of each type in each location when 1-3 types were presented, but failed with 4 or 5 types, regardless of the total number of objects seen. Thus, adults can perform simultaneous enumeration of multiple sets that unfold in temporally intermixed fashion, but are limited to 3 such sets at a time. Furthermore, they perform these parallel enumerations in the absence of training or instruction, and can do so for sets of objects that are hidden in distinct locations. The convergence of this 3-set capacity limit with the 3-item capacity limit widely observed in studies of working memory suggests that each enumeration requires a single slot in memory, and that storage in memory is required before enumeration can occur.
Failure of sex to predict the size and shape of the knee.

The concept of sex-related differences in knee morphology that has led to sex specificity in total knee replacement has generated a great deal of interest in both the popular press and the orthopaedic literature. Some clinicians and implant designers purport that there are sex-based anatomical differences in the size and shape of the female knee. Because of these differences, they add, women need an implant that is “just for them.” Sex-specific knees have been touted as “the next level of sophistication.”1 There is, however, legitimate skepticism about the scientific evidence supporting this view; thus, the need for these implants is a matter of debate. Proponents of this technology have identified three anatomical differences in the female knee: a smaller anterior condyle, an increased quadriceps angle (Q angle), and a reduced medial-lateral to anterior-posterior aspect ratio2,3. The evidence supporting these claims has recently been scrutinized by Merchant et al.4, who concluded that there appear to be no meaningful anatomical differences between male and female knees. Furthermore, they found no evidence that women have worse outcomes than men after traditional total knee arthroplasty, a conclusion that calls into question the need for sex-specific implants. In fact, women do equally well or, in some cases, better than men do4. The ideas regarding the need for a sex-specific implant have largely been introduced into the literature by representatives of the companies most associated with marketing the concept4. Sex-specific implants have been heavily marketed to surgeons in journal advertisements and direct mailings and to patients through direct-to-consumer advertising in the print and broadcast media. Advertisements stating that a particular implant is “the only knee truly for women” and “the first and only knee that fits the shape and size of a woman” have been …
Effects of Pressure on the Superconducting Transition Temperatures of Sn, In, Ta, Tl, and Hg

Solid parahydrogen has been used as a transmitter of approximately hydrostatic pressure to study the effects of pressures up to 10 000 atmos on the superconducting transition temperatures of polycrystalline tin, indium, tantalum, thallium, and mercury. The technique which was used allowed an approximate evaluation of the effects of sample deformation and pressure gradients, and the results are considerably more accurate than the high-pressure data previously available. The transition temperature data for tin and indium showed considerable curvature when plotted vs pressure, but gave a roughly linear relationship when plotted against volume. No curvature was found for tantalum. The thallium data agree qualitatively with previous work, and show a maximum in the transition temperature vs pressure curve at about 2000 atmos. The mercury results were anomalous in that two distinct transition temperature vs pressure curves (with different zero-pressure transition temperatures) were found; one when the pressure was kept below 4000 atmos, and the other when the sample was cycled from zero to 10 000 atmos. Other experiments have shown that these results are due to two different modifications of solid mercury, each of which can exist at liquid helium temperatures.
The analysis of carbon fibre composite box beams subjected to torsion with variable twist

Abstract A simple analytical procedure for determining the constrained torsional response of a specific class of carbon fibre composite box beams is detailed in this paper. The analysis approach essentially makes use of the existing theories of torsion appropriate to isotropic construction and these are then suitably modified to account for the non-isotropic nature of typical carbon fibre composite material. The composite box beams are devoid of overall elastic couplings through the use of constituent laminates which are symmetrically layed-up about their own mid-planes and which possess in-plane orthotropy. The thin walls of the box sections can have different lay-up configurations provided the stiffness distribution around the sections is of a symmetrically disposed nature. The flanges of a box section can thus have a different lay-up configuration to that of the section webs. The constrained condition considered in the paper is that of the cantilevered box beam with torque applied at the free end and the torsional and warping rigidities of the composite box sections are determined through the use of the appropriate equivalent engineering elastic constants of the individual thin composite walls. Comparisons between theory and finite element and between theory and experiment are given in the paper and these are shown to give close agreement. It is also clear that the use of the appropriate equivalent engineering elastic material constants in the theory is able to closely predict actual behaviour.
The burdens of social capital: How socially-involved people dealt with stress after Hurricane Katrina

Research shows that those with greater social capital enjoy better physical and mental health. The current study illuminates a paradox of social capital which may afflict those involved in traumatic events. Several years of survey data reveal a dynamic picture of the link between social capital and stress following Hurricane Katrina. Results reveal that initially after Katrina, those who were more socially embedded carried the greatest load with respect to helping the displaced population, thus experiencing more stress. But over time, the most socially-involved then snapped back from their stressful experiences more rapidly than isolates. This confirms that over the course of stressful events, social involvement first exposes people to more stress, but as time passes, provides them a significant buffer against negative psychosocial experiences.
Oxide based memristive devices

Memristive devices with fast speed, low-energy, high endurance and small footprint have attracted significant attention recently. In this article, we first briefly introduce the switching mechanisms and then discuss possible applications with these devices, including memory, logic and neuromorphic computing. Finally, the promises and challenges of these devices are discussed, together with some possible solutions.
Liver function in early Lyme disease

To evaluate the frequency, pattern, and severity of liver function test abnormalities in patients with Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans (EM), 115 individuals with no other identifiable cause for liver function test abnormalities who presented with EM between July 1990 and September 1993 were prospectively evaluated. For individuals with abnormal liver function tests, common causes of hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, and C, were excluded. A local control group was used for comparison. Forty-six (40%) patients had at least one liver test abnormality, and 31 (27%) had more than 1 abnormality compared with 19 (19%) and 4 (4%) of controls, respectively (P < .01 for each comparison). gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (28%) and alanine transaminase (ALT) (27%) were the most frequently elevated liver function tests among Lyme disease patients. Anorexia, nausea, or vomiting was reported by 30% of patients, but did not occur more frequently in patients with elevated liver function tests compared with those with normal values. Patients with early disseminated Lyme disease were more likely to have elevated liver function studies (66%) compared with patients with localized disease (34%) (P = .002). After antibiotic treatment, elevated liver function tests improved or resolved in most patients. Liver function test abnormalities are common in patients with EM but were mild, most often not associated with symptoms, and improved or resolved by 3 weeks after the onset of antibiotic therapy in most patients.
Sampling errors in estimation of mean terrain height

Abstract The general problem of which this research is a small part has as its objective the improvement in the accuracy of prediction of radar scattering from rough terrain. In order to properly model the radar scattering problem, a prior knowledge of the statistics of the mean, variance and covariance function of the terrain height is necessary. This paper addresses the general problem of determining sampling and quantization error probabilities in estimators of mean, variance and covariance. Attention is focussed on sampling error in the estimator of the mean, and some numerical results are reported for that case.
Hydrochemical and 14C constraints on groundwater recharge and interbasin flow in an arid watershed: Tule Desert, Nevada

Summary Geochemical data deduced from groundwater and vein calcite were used to quantify groundwater recharge and interbasin flow rates in the Tule Desert (southeastern Nevada). 14 C age gradients below the water table suggest recharge rates of 1–2 mm/yr which correspond to a sustainable yield of 5 × 10 −4 km 3 /yr to 1 × 10 −3 km 3 /yr. Uncertainties in the applied effective porosity value and increasing horizontal interbasin flow components at greater depths may bias these estimates low compared to those previously reported using the water budget method. The deviation of the groundwater δ 18 O time-series pattern for the Pleistocene–Holocene transition from that of the Devils Hole vein calcite (which is considered a proxy for local climate change) allows interbasin flow rates of northerly derived groundwater to be estimated. The constrained rates (75.0–120 m/yr) are slightly higher than those previously calculated using Darcy’s Law, but translate into hydraulic conductivity values strikingly similar to those obtained from pump tests. Data further indicate that production wells located closer to the western mountainous margin will be producing mainly from locally derived mountain-system recharge whereas wells located closer to the eastern margin are more influenced by older, regionally derived carbonate groundwater.
High-resolution genomic mapping of the three human replication protein A genes (RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3)

Human replication protein A (RPA) is a three-subunit protein that plays a central role in eukaryotic DNA replication, homologous recombination, and excision repair. We have previously reported the cloning and bacterial overexpression of the three RPA genes and have mapped them to chromosome 1 (RPA2), chromosome 7 (RPA3), and chromosome 17 (RPA1). We have now obtained yeast strains with artificial chromosomes carrying the three human RPA genes and report the more detailed genomic mapping of RPA. RPA1 was mapped to chromosome 17p13.3 using a combination of PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrids and radiation hybrids containing chromosome 17 fragments. RPA2 was mapped to chromosome 1p35 by PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrids of chromosome 1 and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RPA3 was mapped to chromosome 7p22 by Southern analysis and PCR amplification of somatic cell hybrids of chromosome 7 as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization. Since RPA is an essential component of major metabolic events affecting DNA, the physical mapping of the genes for it may help elucidate the biochemical basis of genetic disorders involving DNA metabolism.
Polymorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferase encoding gene (NAT2) from homozygous rapid and slow acetylator congenic Syrian hamsters

Abstract The nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences were determined for polymorphic arylamine N -acetyl-transferase (NAT2) and its gene, NAT 2, from homozygous rapid and slow acetylator congenic Syrian hamsters. The slow acetylator ( NAT 2 s ) allele contained three point mutations which differed from the rapid acetylator allele ( NAT 2 r ); two mutations were silent, and the third mutation resulted in a premature stop codon. The NAT 2 r allele contained a truncated open reading frame of 726 nt encoding a 242-aa protein, which is 48-aa shorter than NAT2 r .
Subjects, Subjectivity, and Subjectification in Call Center Work The Doings of Doings

In postindustrial society, paid labor is increasingly characterized as tertiary labor rather than primary or secondary labor and commonly mediated by computer and telecommunication technologies. However, there are few ethnographic studies on the production of the subject and subjectivity in postindustrial workplaces. This article reports a poststructurally informed ethnographic research in four telephone call centers, focusing on how technological and managerial practices are deployed and continuously oriented to in subjectification processes. The result, although “rational” and “real,” is shown to be a construction of concerted compliance and secondary adjustments through strategic processes named shadowboxing with data. Implications for the study of subjectivity and subjectification are discussed.
Self-Focusing Collapse of Higher-Order-Gaussian Beams

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the collapse dynamics of a higher- order-Gaussian beam in a nonlinear Kerr medium. Suprisingly, we show that the spatial profile collapses to a ring rather than to the Townes profile.
Determination of caffeine and its metabolites by micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis

The determination of caffeine and its analogues is important for a wide variety of analyses and is performed in an assortment of matrices ranging from food to clinical samples. While reversed-phase HPLC has become the standard analysis protocol in most laboratories, capillary electrophoresis has the advantages of higher separation efficiency and shorter separation time. The micellar capillary electrophoresis (MECC) separation of caffeine and its metabolites, theobromine, paraxanthine, theophylline and 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as the micellar phase. The effects of pH, micelle concentration, buffer concentration, ionic strength, buffer salts, applied voltage and injection time were studied to select the optimum conditions for the determination of caffeine and its four analogues in drugs, foods and body fluids. Caffeine and its three analogues were resolved within 120 s with detection limits less than 1 microgram/ml. Samples could be analyzed utilizing direct injection with satisfactory resolution and reproducibility.
New Vertex Indices and their Applications in Evaluating Antileukemic Activity of 9‐Anilinoacridines and the Activity of 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐Nuclosides Against HIV

A newly developed graph-theoretical artificial intelligence program has been used to evaluate qualitatively the antileukemic activity of 9-anilino-acridines and the activity of 2′,3′-dideoxy-nucleosides against HIV. The idea behind the approach is to predict the biological activity of any chemical compound on the basis of already identified pharmacologically/toxicologically relevant components of the molecules exhibiting the same kind of activity. A family of new graph-theoretical (topological) vertex indices called distance exponent indices (Dx) of molecular graph have been proposed and used in the present study. Two previously used information-theoretical topological indices viz., vertex distance complexity (Vd) and normalized vertex distance complexity (Vdn) have also been used. However, some distance exponent indices have produced the most significant results. These indices appear to identify biologically relevant molecular components (vertices in our case) quite effectively. Subsequently, an experiment of cross-validation has been carried out to analyze the predictive power of the present approach. The possible application of the vertex indices, considered here, in different databases has also been discussed.
Hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in cardiac arrest are associated with poor outcome.

Background The role of neuroimaging in assessing prognosis in comatose cardiac survivors appears promising, but little is known regarding the import of particular spatial patterns. We report a specific spatial imaging abnormality on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that portends a poor prognosis: bilateral hippocampal hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. Methods Eighty sequential comatose cardiac arrest patients underwent MRI scans. Qualitative and quantitative regional analyses were performed. Patients were categorized as HIPPO + (n = 18) or HIPPO − (n = 62) based on whether they had bilateral hippocampal hyperintensities. Poor outcome was defined by a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥4 at 6 months. Results Patients with bilateral hippocampal abnormalities had a higher frequency of poor outcome ( P = .032). HIPPO + patients suffered more severe cerebral injury, with lower whole brain apparent diffusion coefficient values ( P = .043) and a greater number of affected regions on DWI ( P = .001) and FLAIR ( P = .001) than HIPPO − patients. The hippocampal approach was 100% specific for a poor prognosis; only 1 patient survived and remained in a vegetative state. Conclusions Bilateral hippocampal hyperintensities on MRI may be a specific imaging finding that is indicative of poor prognosis in patients who suffer global hypoxic–ischemic injury. More research on the prognostic significance of this and similar neuroimaging patterns is indicated.
Dynamics of multiple trapping by a single-beam laser tweezer

A multiple-trap single-beam scanning laser tweezer system was developed and characterized. Different stationary and mobile multiple-trap modes were generated for polystyrene beads in a water environment. Trapping efficiency and stability were investigated for several dynamic parameters such as transition time between the sites, waiting time on a single site, number of trapping sites, and IR laser power. Optimal parameters for efficient generation of complex arrays and matrices were determined. We demonstrate an example of a single laser beam multiple-trap application by measuring the trap's stiffness in water for our laser tweezer setup.
Solving words as anagrams: A re-examined issue examined

Mayzner & Tresselt's (1956) study of nonsense and word anagram solution time which uses a single set of solution words was replicated. Different results were obtained. The discrepancy is attributed in part to the method of computing solution times. The conclusion that word anagrams take long­ er to solve than nonsense anagrams still appears valid(Beilin {" Horn, 1962). The differential difficulty of nonsense and word anagram problem solving has been examined in several studies. Recently, Beilin & Horn (1962) reported evi­ dence that word anagrams are significantly more diffi­ cult than nonsense anagrams. These findings were attributed to either stimulus word perseveration or organizational effects unrelated to summed transition probabilities or letter arrangements. These results were confirmed by Ekstrand & Dominowski (1965) employing the same methodology. A different explanation of the results is offered, however. More recently, Mayzner & Tresselt (1965) report in this journal an attempt to re-examine the issue. They feel that by using a single sample of solution words, from which word and nonsense anagram stimuli are derived, that a potentially more sensitive method fo~ contrasting word and nonsense anagram problem sol ving is obtained than from the Beilin-Horn method. In the latter approach two different samples of problems were equated along significant dimensions. On the basis of a test of the common solution word method, Mayzner and Tresselt conclude that no difference between nonsense and word anagrams exists and an explanation is proposed based upon an S-R mediational model. The present report is of a replication of the Mayzner and Tresselt study with an analYSis of their procedure and results. Method An attempt was made to conduct the study in the man­ ner reported by Mayzner and Tresselt although their data actually derive from two different investigations. In the nonsense anagram part, "Ss were presented with eight test problems. Each problem consisted of a five­ letter nonsense anagram to which there were two solu­ tions, with S instructed to find both solutions within a 240 sec. time limit." "Although solution times forboth solution-words were calculated only the solution time for the appropriate solution word .... was used for analysis purposes" (italics added). As is evident, the SOlUtion worn may be given firsfor second. Mayzner and Tresselt ignore the generation order of the solution word. When the correct solution word comes second, they give no