cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering rheology of electrolytes using agar for improving the performance of bioelectrochemical systems.

Abstract The present study is focused on enhancing the rheological properties of the electrolyte and eliminating sedimentation of microorganisms/flocs without affecting the electron transfer kinetics for improved bioelectricity generation. Agar derived from polysaccharide agarose (0.05–0.2%, w/v) was chosen as a rheology modifying agent. Electroanalytical investigations showed that electrolytes modified with 0.15% agar display a nine-fold increase in current density (1.2 mA/cm 2 ) by a thermophilic strain ( Geobacillus sp. 44C, 60 °C) when compared with the control. Sodium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7) electrolyte with riboflavin (0.1 mM) was used as the control. Electrolytes modified with 0.15% agar significantly improved chemical oxygen demand removal rates. This developed electrolyte will aid in improving bioelectricity generation in Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES). The developed strategy avoids the use of peristaltic pumps and magnetic stirrers, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the process.
Doctoral dissertations in audiovisual education: Supplement III

This is the third supplement to "Doctoral Dissertations in Audiovisual Education" published in the Fall 1956 issue of AV COMMUNICATION REVIEW. The first supplement appeared in the Winter 1958 issue, Vol. 6, No. 1; the second, in Vol. 7, No. 2, Spring 1959. John Moldstad is associate professor of education and head of the utilization department at the Audiovisual Center, Indiana University. He has served as assistant chairman of the Research Committee, Department of Audiovisual Instruction, NEA
Questions 81–90

This chapter illustrates a variety of different scenarios of rheumatic disease in succinct question and answer format. It contains ten complex cases with potentially unusual diagnoses designed to stimulate thought and further reading in this rapidly evolving specialty.
Pasteurization Preserves IL-8 in Human Milk

Background: Pasteurized donor human milk is an alternative feeding when mothers' own milk is not available for premature infants. The effects of pasteurization on the host defense properties of human milk are unclear. We investigated the effects of Holder pasteurization on concentrations of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human milk. Objective: To compare concentrations of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines before and after pasteurization of donor human milk. Study Design: A single milk sample was obtained from each of 24 mothers of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit by electric breast pump and was stored at -80°C. At the time of pasteurization, milk samples were thawed and divided into two aliquots. The first aliquot was re-stored at -80°C and the second aliquot was heat-treated at 62.5°C for 30 min and then re-stored at -80°C. At the time of batch cytokine analyses samples were thawed rapidly. Results: Most cytokine concentrations declined following pasteurization. The most prevalent cytokine, IL-8, was preserved (89%) following pasteurization. There were no relationships between gestational age, postnatal age of milk collection, duration of milk storage, and the concentrations cytokines. Conclusion: In contrast to most cytokines after pasteurization, IL-8 is preserved or liberated from another compartment. The maintenance of IL-8 in human milk after pasteurization and the loss of anti-inflammatory cytokines following pasteurization, suggests that the effects of inflammatory activity in pasteurized human milk should be evaluated. These data may account, in part, for the lesser protective effect on the host of pasteurized donor human milk compared with mother's own milk.
Truth Pluralism, Quasi-Realism, and the Problem of Double-Counting

Simon Blackburn has recently alleged that truth pluralism “double-counts”: it distinguishes not only between different kinds of propositions; it (unnecessarily) distinguishes between different kinds of truth. In this chapter, I respond to this objection, arguing that, given certain explanatory goals that quasi-realists such as Blackburn or Price share with the pluralist, either distinction brings a functionally similar one in its wake.
Benthic community respiration in the N.W. Atlantic Ocean: in situ measurements from 40 to 5200 m

Benthic community respiration was measured in situ at 9 stations along the Gay Head-Bermuda transect from depths of 40 to 5200 m. Three methods were used; bell jar respirometers, grab respirometers, and free vehicle respirometers. Benthic community respiration rates spanned three orders of magnitude, decreasing from 21.5 ml O2 m-2 h-1 at 40 m in November to 0.02 ml O2 m-2 h-1 at 5200 m. Rates decreased two orders of magnitude between 40 and 1800 m and then significantly declined again between the continental rise (3650 m) and the abyssal plain stations. Predictive equations for benthic community respiration along the transect reflect a strong correlation with depth of water. Of lesser significance are the correlations with water temperature, dissolved oxygen, benthic animal biomass, surface primary productivity and sediment organic matter. Calculations show that annual benthic respiration can utilize 1 to 2% of the surface primary productivity. Of the 2 to 7% organic carbon fixed at the surface which supposedly reaches the bottom, only 15 to 29% is utilized by the benthic community at 2200, 3000, and 3650 m. The energy requirements of other biological components of deep-sea benthic communities, such as benthopelagic and macro-epibenthic animals, not included in these measurements, must also be considered in calculating a balance of carbon.
Airborne spectrophotometry of P/Halley from 16 to 30 microns

We report on the first medium resolution spectrophotometric observations of a comet ever obtained in the 16- to 30-μm region. Comet P/Halley was observed using the Cornell University 7-channel spectrometer (Δλ/λ ~ 0.02 on board the Kuiper Airborne Observatory on 1985 December 14.2. Measurements were made centered on the nuclear condensation. These observations show a complex spectrum which could not be fit with simple models. The 20 μm silicate feature, if present, is very weak; and a relatively narrow (Δλ ~ 0.5 μm), strong feature centered at approximately 28.4 μm is observed and attributed to dust emission.
The role of organizational learning in stakeholder marketing

As the roles of customers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, regulators, and communities become more significant in today’s business environment, a precise understanding of the organization’s internal drivers in delivering value to its stakeholders is critical. To this end, this study integrates stakeholder theory and the organizational learning literature to propose that stakeholder-focused organizational learning drives organizations to respond to their stakeholders. Using a sample of 349 organizations, we introduce three stakeholder-focused knowledge acquisition mechanisms (experiential, vicarious, and contact) and, along with the other organizational learning processes (information distribution, information interpretation, and organizational memory), examine their influence on the behavioral actions of stakeholder-focused responsiveness, innovation, and imitation. Subsequently, we assess the impact of these behavioral actions on organizational performance. Overall, the results show that stakeholder-focused organizational learning is positively associated with responsiveness. More uniquely, the propensity to employ innovative or imitative stakeholder practices is found to be influenced by the way the organization acquires information about stakeholders. Lastly, the findings suggest that simply responding to stakeholders does not guarantee superior performance, but the manner in which the organization responds matters just as much.
Singular perturbations in systems and control

The application of singular perturbation theory to problems in systems and control is addressed. The types of systems considered include linear and nonlinear, discrete and continuous, and stochastic and deterministic. Both ordinary and partial differential equations are covered.
The Immense Value of Doubt

When confronted with the difficulties of the present, most Americans nostalgically long for the past – the “good old days” when life was simpler, more moral, and less troubled. When we closely examine those former times, however, we see within our rose-colored glasses obscure cracks of extreme and institutionalized racism, sexism and homophobia.
Visible/near infrared spectroscopy and machine learning for predicting polyhydroxybutyrate production cultured on alkaline pretreated liquor from corn stover

Abstract In this study, a system of visible and near-infrared (VisNIR) spectroscopy was constructed to predict polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced from Cupriavidus necator cultured on alkaline pretreated liquor (APL). Machine learning methods including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS), neural network (NN), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and cubist regression (CR) were applied to build a calibration model. Raw spectra and principal component scores were used as predictors, respectively. Using raw spectra PLS showed the best prediction performance with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.66 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.38 g/L. Using the selected 7 principal component scores, cubist regression showed the best performance with an R2 of 0.74 and a RMSEP of 0.32 g/L. As the first study in this area, these results showed the potential of VisNIR to predict PHB from APL culture.
A 10-bit 100MS/s SAR ADC for the Hadronic Calorimeter Upgrade

This paper presents a 10-bit 100MS/s analog to digital converter (ADC) that based on successive approximation (SAR) algorithm. This ASIC is to fulfill the requirement of Hadronic Calorimeter (HCal) upgrade: custom cost-efficient high sampling digitizer electronics and capable of continuous operation mode. The designed chip is developed by using the TSMC 65nm CMOS technology. The post-layout simulations show this ADC could achieve peak signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) of 58 dB at Nyquist rate input frequency and power consumption of 3.5 mW. The peak effective number of bits (ENOB) is 9.6 bits, equivalent to the figure of merit of 45 fJ/conversion step.
Pain Management in Thoracic Surgery

Thoracic surgery is considered one of the most painful surgical procedures performed. Pain is mediated via several mechanisms and is affected by the surgical approach as well as patient factors. Pain after thoracic surgery can be debilitating and lead to poor outcomes, such as respiratory complications, longer hospital stays, poor quality of life, and chronic post-thoracotomy pain syndrome. A multimodal approach to postoperative pain that combines systemic and regional anesthesia has been shown to be the most effective in optimizing analgesia in these patients.
Initial experience and lessons learned with implementing Lutetium-177-dotatate radiopharmaceutical therapy in a radiation oncology–based program

Abstract Purpose To assist radiation oncology centers in implementing Lutetium-177-dotatate (177Lu) radiopharmaceutical therapy for midgut neuroendocrine tumors. Here we describe our workflow and how it was revised based on our initial experience on an expanded access protocol (EAP). Methods A treatment team/area was identified. An IV-pump-based infusion technique was implemented. Exposure-based techniques were implemented to determine completion of administration, administered activity, and patient releasability. Acute toxicities were assessed at each fraction. A workflow failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was performed. Results A total of 22 patients were treated: 11 patients during EAP (36 administrations) and 11 patients after EAP (44 administrations). Mean 177Lu infusion time was 37 min (range 26–65 min). Mean administered activity was 97% (range 90–99%). Mean patient exposures at 1 m were 1.9 mR/h (range 1.0–4.1 mR/h) post-177Lu and 0.9 mR/h (range 0.4–1.8 mR/h) at discharge, rendering patients releasable with instructions. Treatment area was decontaminated and released same day. All patients in the EAP experienced nausea, and nearly half experienced emesis despite premedication with antiemetics. Peripheral IV-line complications occurred in six treatments (16.7%), halting administration in 2 cases (5.6%). We transitioned to peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-lines and revised amino acid formulary after the EAP. The second cohort of 11 patients after EAP were analyzed for PICC-line complications and acute toxicity. Nausea and emesis rates decreased (nausea G1+ 61%–27%; emesis G1+ 23%–7%), and no PICC complications were observed. FMEA revealed that a failure in amino acid preparation was the highest risk. Conclusion 177Lu-dotatate can be administered safely in an outpatient radiation oncology department.
Rethinking College Student Development Theory Using Critical Frameworks

Abes, Jones, and Stewart’s Rethinking College Student Development Theory Using Critical Frameworks (2019) is an engaging collection focused on third-wave student development theories. Using critica...
Surgical Decompression for Holocord Syringomyelia from Chiari Malformation: Case Report and Systematic Review

Abstract Syringomyelia is commonly associated with Chiari I malformation and varies widely in presenting symptoms. In the context of syringomyelia-Chiari complex, posterior fossa decompression via a suboccipital approach is the most common mode of operative management, and typically produces excellent reduction in syrinx size. However, no comprehensive review specific to the operative management of holocord syringomyelia, particularly in the context of Chiari I malformation, has yet been completed. Here we present a case of a 26-year-old female with holocord syringomyelia and Chiari I malformation in the context of a congenital occiput-C1 fusion. The patient underwent decompressive surgery via suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy. Decompression of the cerebellar tonsils was achieved via resection of arachnoid over the tonsils and tonsillar coagulation, followed by expansile duraplasty. Significant reduction in holocord syrinx size was demonstrated radiographically at one month post-operatively. Notably, a large suboccipital pseudomeningocele developed, possibly due to a small defect in the duraplasty, and was accompanied by concordant ventricular interval enlargement which caused progressive nausea and headache. This was successfully managed via ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. In the case presented here, surgical decompression via craniectomy and C1 laminectomy achieved dramatic radiographic improvement in the patient’s holocord syringomyelia that corresponded with substantial reduction of the severity of the presenting symptoms. A systematic review of the literature demonstrated that among patients with isolated holocord syringomyelia-Chiari I complex, posterior fossa decompression via suboccipital craniectomy, typically with C1 +/- C2 laminectomy and with an open-dura approach, was universally employed, with excellent outcomes and minimal complications.
OrderRex clinical user testing: a randomized trial of recommender system decision support on simulated cases.

Objective To assess usability and usefulness of a machine learning-based order recommender system applied to simulated clinical cases. Materials and methods 43 physicians entered orders for 5 simulated clinical cases using a clinical order entry interface with or without access to a previously developed automated order recommender system. Cases were randomly allocated to the recommender system in a 3:2 ratio. A panel of clinicians scored whether the orders placed were clinically appropriate. Our primary outcome included the difference in clinical appropriateness scores. Secondary outcomes included total number of orders, case time, and survey responses. Results Clinical appropriateness scores per order were comparable for cases randomized to the order recommender system (mean difference -0.11 order per score, 95% CI: [-0.41, 0.20]). Physicians using the recommender placed more orders (median 16 vs 15 orders, incidence rate ratio 1.09, 95%CI: [1.01-1.17]). Case times were comparable with the recommender system. Order suggestions generated from the recommender system were more likely to match physician needs than standard manual search options. Physicians used recommender suggestions in 98% of available cases. Approximately 95% of participants agreed the system would be useful for their workflows. Discussion User testing with a simulated electronic medical record interface can assess the value of machine learning and clinical decision support tools for clinician usability and acceptance before live deployments. Conclusions Clinicians can use and accept machine learned clinical order recommendations integrated into an electronic order entry interface in a simulated setting. The clinical appropriateness of orders entered was comparable even when supported by automated recommendations.
Investigating the degradation mechanism of the solid oxide fuel cell nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia anode under siloxane contamination

Abstract In order to investigate the solid oxide fuel cell nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) anode degradation mechanism due to poisoning by Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), four different experiments utilizing H2+H2O, H2+H2O+D4, H2+D4 and H2+CO+D4 as fuels at 750 °C are conducted in this study. The electrochemical characterization and morphology results are analyzed and compared for anode degradation phenomenon. The results contradict the previously proposed degradation mechanism as the experimental results show that water can inhibit the silicon deposition and anode degradation. Based on the experimental results in this study and previous studies about siloxane deposition on metal oxides, a new anode degradation mechanism is proposed. The proposed degradation mechanism for siloxane is due to siloxane adsorption resulting in silicon deposition and carbon deposition after siloxane decomposition.
Testbed development for a novel approach towards high accuracy indoor localization with smartphones

Due to its deep penetration in people's daily life, smartphone has been proposed as a practical platform for indoor localization. Yet one major challenge is how to handle the non-negligible sensor errors that can become problematic when accumulated over time. To this end, a series of approaches such as fingerprint and pedestrian dead reckoning have been proposed, which, however, either need WiFi infrastructure, pre-installed beacons or can only support certain movement patterns or scenarios. In this paper, we take one step further towards tackle this challenge by carefully developing a testbed that can enable deep investigation on the smartphone-based indoor localization problem and the potential for promising practical solution design. In particular, our testbed only accesses the raw inertial measurement unit and orientation data from the smartphone, making it infrastructure-free and require no pre-installation, and providing an in-depth view of sensor errors and their impacts on the localization accuracy. Our testbed also provides built-in functionalities for localization and supports real-time data processing and visualization, which can be extremely valuable for solution development and practical usefulness. We have conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our testbed, and obtained interesting observations that not only validate the effectiveness of our testbed design, but also opens a future direction to develop more advanced mechanisms such as deep learning based approaches to better compensate sensor errors and achieve high accuracy in practice.
Discussion on business flow of active distribution network for multi flow integration

This paper proposes the concept of service flow innovatively, analyzes the interaction of multi flow fusion of "energy flow information flow control flow service flow" in active distribution network under the background of energy Internet, designs the structure of multi flow fusion active distribution network, and analyzes the key technology of service flow from the perspective of service flow modeling technology, analysis method and simulation platform Two typical business scenarios of optimization and risk analysis are taken as examples to illustrate the typical business applications of multi flow fusion active distribution network, which provides the basis for the next step to carry out the research of other business functions.
Variational Bayes algorithm and posterior consistency of Ising model parameter estimation

Ising models originated in statistical physics and are widely used in modeling spatial data and computer vision problems. However, statistical inference of this model remains challenging due to intractable nature of the normalizing constant in the likelihood. Here, we use a pseudo-likelihood instead to study the Bayesian estimation of two-parameter, inverse temperature, and magnetization, Ising model with a fully specified coupling matrix. We develop a computationally efficient variational Bayes procedure for model estimation. Under the Gaussian mean-field variational family, we derive posterior contraction rates of the variational posterior obtained under the pseudo-likelihood. We also discuss the loss incurred due to variational posterior over true posterior for the pseudo-likelihood approach. Extensive simulation studies validate the efficacy of mean-field Gaussian and bivariate Gaussian families as the possible choices of the variational family for inference of Ising model parameters.
Modeling the large-scale demographic changes of the Old World

I investigate the predictive behavior of a simple demographic model for agrarian empires in several Old World geographies between 1500BCE and 1500CE. I estimate and bound key model parameters from two historical datasets. I find that quasi-uniform carrying capacities and two net birth rates suffice to predict most Old World agrarian empire demographics in this period. Analysis suggests that a doubling of agricultural intensification occurred throughout most of the Old World circa 1000CE.
Globalizing Chinese Culture, Localizing Buddhist Teachings: the Internationalization of Foguangshan

Foguangshan, one of the most prominent Buddhist organizations in Taiwan, has over the past decade also developed a significant network of temples around the globe. With more than 150 centers dispersed on five continents and serving millions of devotees, the Foguang "empire," as Washington Post journalist Kevin Sullivan has dubbed the phenomenon, is now arguably one of the most extensive and best organized Buddhist groups in the world (Sullivan 1996, A22). There are certainly few monks who can claim to have gathered as large a sangha as has Foguangshan's founder, Master Xingyun, who currently supervises more than thirteen hundred disciples. In this essay, I describe the various factors that have contributed to Foguangshan's remarkable success in transforming itself from a local institution into one of truly international magnitude. After placing Foguangshan's expansion in historical perspective, I analyze its demographics and the methods that the master and his disciples have relied upon to carry out their ambitious objectives. Through this discussion, the challenges and tensions inherent within the group's mission come to light. The essay concludes by disclosing Master Xingyun's positive appraisal of the religious implications of globalization. This Foguang material provides one piece of evidence that in the post-modern The Journal of Global Buddhism 46world people's primary referent for communal identity may very well increasingly revert from national to religious symbols and myths.
Hip-hop as a resource for understanding the urban context

This review explores Edmin’s “Science education for the hip-hop generation” by documenting how he frames hip-hop as a means to access urban student culture. He argues that hip-hop is more than a mere music genre, but rather a culture that provides young people with ways of connecting to the world. Two primary ideas emerged as central to his work. First, he contends that students develop communal relationships and collective identities based on the common experiences expressed in hip-hop. Second, he identifies how the conscious recognition of institutional oppression serves a central feature in urban schools. Emdin’s rich, and personal call for a greater understanding of hip-hop culture provides the text with an unmatched strength. He skillfully uses personal narratives from his own experience as well as quotes and references from hip-hop songs to make the nuances of hip hop transparent to science educators. Conversely, the limitation of this text is found in its unfulfilled promise to provide pragmatic examples of how to engage in a hip-hop based science education. Emdin’s work is ultimately valuable as it extends our current knowledge about urban students and hip-hop in meaningful ways.
α-Galactosidase from Mortierella vinacea CRYSTALLIZATION AND PROPERTIES

Abstract A simple method has been devised for the isolation of α-galactosidase in crystalline form from the mycelia of Mortierella vinacea. The crystalline α-galactosidase is free from protease and other glycosidases. It gives a single protein band when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The crystalline preparation contains 10.8% neutral sugars and 2.7% d-glucosamine, indicating that the enzyme is glycoprotein in nature. The enzyme is stable at neutral and alkaline pH; however, it becomes unstable below pH 6.0. It hydrolyzes O- and P-nitrophenyl-α-d-galactopyranoside, methyl - α - d - galactopyranoside, galactinol, melibiose, raffinose, stachyose, 4-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-d-galactose, 6-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-1-glycerol as well as methyl-β-l-arabinoside, though at a much slower rate. It does not liberate d-galactose from the galactomannan of guar gum, glycopeptide obtained from blood group B substance, or earthworm cuticle collagen. The effects of pH, substrate concentration, inhibitors, and temperature on the catalytic activity of the crystalline enzyme are described.
On the Formation of Historically k-Anonymous Anonymity Sets in a Continuous LBS

Privacy preservation in location based services (LBS) has received extensive attention in recent years. One of the less explored problems in this domain is associated with services that rely on continuous updates from the mobile object. Cloaking algorithms designed to hide user locations in single requests perform poorly in this scenario. The historical k-anonymity property is therefore enforced to ensure that all cloaking regions include at least k objects in common. However, the mobility of the objects can easily render increasingly bigger cloaking regions and degrade the quality of service. To this effect, this paper presents an algorithm to efficiently enforce historical k-anonymity by partitioning of an object’s cloaking region. We further enforce some degree of directional similarity in the k common peers in order to prevent an excessive expansion of the cloaking region.
Influence of acetic, citric, and lactic acids on Escherichia coli O157:H7 membrane lipid composition, verotoxin secretion, and acid resistance in simulated gastric fluid

The effect of organic acid (acetic, citric, and lactic acids) adaptation at equivalent initial pH values (6.4 and 5.4) on changes in membrane lipid composition, verotoxin concentration, and acid resistance in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5, 37°C) was determined for Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 (HEC) and an rpoS mutant of E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 (RM, FRIK 816-3). For HEC, lactic acid–adapted (pH 5.4) cells had the greatest D-value (32.2 min) and acetic acid–adapted (pH 5.4) cells had the smallest D-value (16.6 min) in simulated gastric fluid. For RM, D-values of citric and acetic acid–adapted cells were similar to those for nonadapted cells grown at pH 7.3, but D-values increased from 13.1 to 27.9 min in lactic acid–adapted cells (from pH 7.3 to pH 5.4). For both strains, the ratio of cis-vaccenic to palmitic acids decreased for citric and lactic acid–adapted cells, but the ratio increased for acetic acid–adapted cells at pH 5.4. Organic acid–adapted cells produced less total verotoxin than did ...
Integrin-cytoskeletal interactions in neuronal growth cones

Development of the nervous system requires that neuronal growth cones, in coordination with growing axons, migrate along precise paths defined by specific extracellular matrix cues until they encounter their targets. Laminin promotes growth cone migration through receptors such as the integrins, but the underlying physical mechanism is poorly understood. We have investigated the cytoskeletal associations and surface dynamics of endogenous beta 1 integrins in chick dorsal root ganglion growth cones migrating on laminin. A single-beam optical gradient trap was used to place 0.5-micron-diameter polystyrene beads conjugated with anti-beta 1 integrin monoclonal antibodies at desired locations on the growth cone surface. We found a substantial increase in the stable attachment of these beads, with subsequent slow rearward motion, on the front periphery of the growth cone compared to the base. The surface dynamics of smaller aggregates of integrin were explored by monitoring the temporal and spatial displacements of 40-nm-diameter gold particles coated with anti-beta 1 integrin antibodies. The small particles were transported preferentially to the growth cone periphery by brief directed excursions interspersed with periods of diffusion. In addition, the leading edge of the growth cone was supported to a greater extent by an actin-dependent cytoskeleton that resisted mechanical tether formation. Such a regional differentiation of the growth cone has not been documented previously and has implications for the mechanism of growth cone migration and guidance.
Model-based spacecraft fault management design & formal validation

A model-based method of software system logical design and formal validation will be discussed for the application of fault management throughout the project lifecycle. We have demonstrated that when modeling fault protection system behaviors during the design phases of a project, the expected behavior can be verified early on by executing the model. Correctly capturing the expected behavior in the model improves the system design so that is better defined and complete upon implementation. Additionally, performing model checking formally validates the behavior model against properties of correctness (assertions). The potential to generate and link additional model-based fault management products from the fault protection logical behavior model is key to projects adopting model driven design and retaining a single source of truth. When modeling heritage systems or if a dictionary-type database is needed, a standard for machine-readable import/export of fault management parameters allows for easier integration between flight software and the model-based products. Depending on if there is fault management information available while developing a behavior model, a method for auto-generating the model can be used that reduces human errors and speeds up the modeling process.
Detecting Thalamic Abnormalities in Autism Using Cylinder Conformal Mapping

A number of studies have documented that autism has a neurobiological basis, but the anatomical extent of these neurobiological abnormalities is largely unknown. In this paper, we applied advanced computational techniques to extract 3D surface models of the thalamus and subsequently analyze highly localized shape variations in a homogeneous group of autism children. In particular, a new conformal parameterization for high genus surfaces is applied in our shape analysis work, which maps the surfaces onto a cylinder domain. Surface matching among different individual meshes is achieved by re-triangulating each mesh according to the template. Children with autism and their controls are compared, and statistical significant abnormalities in thalamus of autism are detected.
Extended follow-up of outcome measures in multiple myeloma patients treated on a phase I study with bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin

A phase I study of a combination of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin showed significant anti-tumor activity against advanced multiple myeloma, with 36% of patients achieving a complete or near-complete response and 73% having a partial response or better. Given this encouraging efficacy, it was therefore of interest to update the prior experience and define parameters such as time to progression, time to retreatment, and overall survival. Additional follow-up was collected on all evaluable multiple myeloma patients and revealed a median time to progression of 9.3 months versus 3.8 months on whatever had been the patient's prior therapy. Time to retreatment was prolonged from 5.9 months after the patient's prior therapy to 24.2 months after bortezomib with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. The median overall survival after therapy with bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was 38.3 months. These findings compare favorably with results reported for bortezomib alone and support the possibility that the bortezomib/pegylated liposomal doxorubicin regimen may provide superior efficacy against relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
The Effect of the Impact Model on Vibration Response of Discrete and Continuous Systems

Impact is a phenomenon that is ubiquitous in mechanical design; however, the modeling of impacts in complex systems is often a simplified, imprecise process. In many high fidelity finite element simulations, the number of elements required to accurately model the constitutive properties of an impact event is impractical. As a result, rigid body dynamics with approximate representations of the impact dynamics are commonly used. These approximations can include a constant coefficient of restitution, an artificially large penalty stiffness, or a single degree of freedom constitutive model for the impact dynamics that is specific to the type of materials involved (elastic, plastic, viscoelastic, etc.). In order to understand the effect of the impact model on the system’s dynamics, simulations are conducted to investigate a single degree of freedom, two degrees of freedom, and continuous system each with rigid stops limiting the amplitude of vibration. Five contact models are considered: a coefficient of restitution method, a penalty stiffness method, two similar elastic-plastic constitutive models, and a dissimilar elastic-plastic constitutive model. Frequency sweeps show that simplified contact models can lead to incorrect assessments of the system’s dynamics and stability. In the worst case, periodic behavior can be predicted in a chaotic regime. Additionally, the choice of contact model can significantly affect the prediction of wear and damage in the system.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Tumor characteristics and patient outcomes are similar between invasive lobular and mixed invasive ductal/lobular breast cancers but differ from pure invasive ductal breast cancers

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with invasive lobular cancer (ILC) and mixed invasive ductal cancer (IDC) and ILC compared with IDC. Methods From 1996 to 2006, 4,336 patients with IDC, ILC, and mixed breast cancers were identified. Clinical variables were compared using χ 2 and Fisher's exact tests. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed. Results Patients included 3,595 (83%) with IDC, 480 (11%) with ILC, and 261 (6%) with mixed cancers. Patients with ILC and mixed cancers were more likely to have low-grade and estrogen-positive and progesterone-positive tumors but were diagnosed at higher stages of disease compared with patients with IDC ( P P = .029). Conclusions Although patients with ILC and "mixed" cancers are diagnosed with more advanced disease, their survival is superior to patients with IDC.
Changes caused by injurious agents in the permeability of surviving cells of liver and of kidney.

Immersion of tissue slices of liver or of kidney in buffered Krebs-Ringer solution at 38 degrees , with oxygenation, gives opportunity for the study of water exchange during 3 hours following removal of the tissue from the body. Under these conditions a wide variety of physical and chemical agents cause changes in the permeability of the tissue to water, which are referable to the cells of the part; these agents include increased temperature, anoxia, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, bacteria, and bacterial products. With heating of liver tissue increased permeability reaches a maximum at 50 to 52 degrees C. and is lost at 55 degrees when heat coagulation has occurred. Permeability of liver cells has increased in the presence of cultures of colon bacilli, of culture filtrate, of killed typhoid bacilli and apparently of diphtheria toxin. Somatic antigen from paradysentery bacilli has caused increased permeability of liver cells. The experiments indicate that a substance formed by normal metabolism, namely urea, may, under some conditions, increase the permeability of liver cells.
Robot force sensor interacting with environments

The authors study the impact effect on a robotic system with a force-sensing device installed between the end-effector and the end of the robot. It is shown that physical contact of a robot with environments causes abrupt changes of velocity and force to the end-effector and the force sensor, respectively. The dynamic behavior of the force sensor following the impact is studied. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the sensor generates a low-to-high transition signal corresponding to an impact, which can be used to identify the contact. To utilize this signal, an electronic switch is designed. The signal triggers the switch, which in turn interrupts the control computer. The control computer can then stop the robot motion immediately after an impact occurs. As a result, damage to, or malfunction of, the robotic system following the impact can be avoided. Experimental results show that the proposed switching mechanism works effectively. >
Applying Critical Theories to Nursing in Communities

Abstract Public health realities in the United States indicate that unsafe physical surroundings, oppressive social arrangements, economic impoverishment, and political disenfran chisement threaten the safety and well-being of countless aggregates. To affect change in health-damaging conditions, nurses are urged to join with vulnerable groups, working together to expose oppressive situations and take action. As a guide for such emancipatory practice, the use of critical the ories as the conceptual basis for community health nursing is advocated.
Dimension and the Whitney subcontinua of C(X)

Let C(X) be the hyperspace of subcontinua of a continuum X, and let μ : C(X)→[0,1] be a Whitney function. In this paper we show several relations between the dimension of the Whitney continua {μ-1(t)} and the dimension of C(X). We apply these to prove the following theorem: If dim C(Y) <n for each proper subcontinuum Y of X, then dim C(X) < n. In the last section of the paper we prove that C(X) can be embedded in E3 provided that X is a hereditarily indecomposable, plane continuum that satisfies a certain embedding condition.
Using indirect comparisons to compare interventions within a Cochrane review: a tool for comparative effectiveness research

Aim: Assessing relative performance among competing interventions is an important part of comparative effectiveness research. Bayesian indirect comparisons add information to existing Cochrane reviews, such as which intervention is likely to perform best. However, heterogeneity variance priors may influence results and, potentially, clinical guidance. Methods: We highlight the features of Bayesian indirect comparisons using a case study of a Cochrane review update in asthma care. The probability that one self-management educational intervention outperforms others is estimated. Simulation studies investigate the effect of heterogeneity variance prior distributions. Results: Results suggest a 55% probability that individual education is best, followed by combination (39%) and group (6%). The intervention with few trials was sensitive to prior distributions. Conclusion: Bayesian indirect comparisons updates of Cochrane reviews are valuable comparative effectiveness research tools.
A Savage Sorting of Winners and Losers: Contemporary Versions of Primitive Accumulation

Here I explore the possibility that capitalism is today undergoing the systemic equivalent to Marx's notion of primitive accumulation, only now as a deepening of advanced capitalism predicated on the destruction of more traditional forms of capitalism. I focus on two diverse instances which share a common systemic logic: expulsing people from more traditional capitalist encasements. One instance is that of countries devastated by an imposed debt and debt-servicing regime which took priority over all other state expenditures; at its most extreme, the ensuing devastation of traditional economies and traditional states has made the land more valuable to the global market than the people on it. The other instance, which I see as a systemic equivalent to the first, is the potential for global replication of the financial innovation that destroyed 15 million plus households in the US in two years, with many more to come; household destruction at this scale devastates whole areas of cities, and leaves vacant lan...
A coupled Ramani equation: multiple soliton solutions

In this work, a sixth-order coupled Ramani equation is investigated. The simplified form of the Hirota’s method is used for analytic treatment of this equation. The constraint condition between coefficients of the spatial and the temporal variables is treated. Multiple soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are formally derived for this model.
A 0.123 mW 7.25 GHz static frequency divider by 8 in a 120-nm SOI technology

A static frequency divider by 8 was fabricated in a 120 nm SOI technology. The highest operation frequency achieved is 8.25 GHz at 1.5 V power supply. The lowest core power consumption achieved is 0.016 mW at 4 GHz when the lowest operating voltage supply of 0.75 V is used.
The impact of biotic/abiotic interfaces in mineral nutrient cycling: A study of soils of the Santa Cruz chronosequence, California

Abstract Biotic/abiotic interactions between soil mineral nutrients and annual grassland vegetation are characterized for five soils in a marine terrace chronosequence near Santa Cruz, California. A Mediterranean climate, with wet winters and dry summers, controls the annual cycle of plant growth and litter decomposition, resulting in net above-ground productivities of 280–600 g m−2 yr−1. The biotic/abiotic (A/B) interface separates seasonally reversible nutrient gradients, reflecting biological cycling in the shallower soils, from downward chemical weathering gradients in the deeper soils. The A/B interface is pedologically defined by argillic clay horizons centered at soil depths of about one meter which intensify with soil age. Below these horizons, elevated solute Na/Ca, Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios reflect plagioclase and smectite weathering along pore water flow paths. Above the A/B interface, lower cation ratios denote temporal variability due to seasonal plant nutrient uptake and litter leaching. Potassium and Ca exhibit no seasonal variability beneath the A/B interface, indicating closed nutrient cycling within the root zone, whereas Mg variability below the A/B interface denotes downward leakage resulting from higher inputs of marine aerosols and lower plant nutrient requirements. The fraction of a mineral nutrient annually cycled through the plants, compared to that lost from pore water discharge, is defined their respective fluxes Fj,plants = qj,plants/(qj,plants + qj,discharge) with average values for K and Ca (FK,plants = 0.99; FCa,plants = 0.93) much higher than for Mg and Na (FMg,plants 0.64; FNa,plants = 0.28). The discrimination against Rb and Sr by plants is described by fractionation factors (KSr/Ca = 0.86; KRb/K = 0.83) which are used in Rayleigh fractionation-mixing calculations to fit seasonal patterns in solute K and Ca cycling. KRb/K and K 24 Mg / 22 Mg values (derived from isotope data in the literature) fall within fractionation envelopes bounded by inputs from rainfall and mineral weathering. KSr/Ca and K 44 Ca / 40 Ca fractionation factors fall outside these envelopes indicating that Ca nutrient cycling is closed to these external inputs. Small net positive K and Ca fluxes (6–14 mol m−2 yr−1), based on annual mass balances, indicate that the soils are accumulating mineral nutrients, probably as a result of long-term environmental disequilibrium.
Visual field defects and neural losses from experimental glaucoma

Glaucoma is a relatively common disease in which the death of retinal ganglion cells causes a progressive loss of sight, often leading to blindness. Typically, the degree of a patient's visual dysfunction is assessed by clinical perimetry, involving subjective measurements of light-sense thresholds across the visual field, but the relationship between visual and neural losses is inexact. Therefore, to better understand of the effects of glaucoma on the visual system, a series of investigations involving psychophysics, electrophysiology, anatomy, and histochemistry were conducted on experimental glaucoma in monkeys. The principal results of the studies showed that, (1) the depth of visual defects with standard clinical perimetry are predicted by a loss of probability summation among retinal detection mechanisms, (2) glaucomatous optic atrophy causes a non-selective reduction of metabolism of neurons in the afferent visual pathway, and (3) objective electrophysiological methods can be as sensitive as standard clinical perimetry in assessing the neural losses from glaucoma. These experimental findings from glaucoma in monkeys provide fundamental data that should be applicable to improving methods for assessing glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients.