cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting Research Productivity: More Heat Than Light?

Accounting research productivity has acquired mythic characteristics. What constitutes productivity in accounting research, in particular financial accounting research, has for decades not been measured by the amount of work that is required to generate publishable research, but by the quantity of publications, more by the particular journals where the research is published and like a giant multi-level marketing scheme, by the peculiar property that the more frequently a particular researcher is cited by subsequent researchers, the more productive the first researcher becomes.This paper reviews the various ways productivity in financial accounting research is benchmarked and how the meaning of accounting research productivity is distorted by those benchmarks. It then examines the criticisms leveled against financial accounting research and synthesizes productivity in accounting research with the criticisms of accounting research. In so doing, this paper suggests that financial accounting research produces more heat than light and accounting research productivity benchmarks do not measure contributions to new accounting knowledge useful to society or the profession.
Social Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Focus on the biomedical aspects of AD in research and clinical care has resulted in the relative neglect of its psychological and social dimensions. An adequate clinical response to individuals diagnosed with AD must include attention to preserving continuity with the past and quality of life in the present. As AD is diagnosed earlier, care models that incorporate the experiences and perceptions of the diagnosed are not only feasible, but essential.
Importance of acid-base strategy in reducing myocardial and whole body oxygen consumption during perfusion hypothermia

During induced hypothermia with cardiopulmonary bypass, acid-base management usually follows one of two strategies: the so-called ectothermic or alpha-stat strategy, in which the pH of the arterial blood increases 0.015 pH units for every degree Celsius decrease in body temperature, or the pH-stat strategy, in which pH remains 7.4 at all temperatures. It has been assumed that oxygen consumption decreases approximately equally during hypothermia with either strategy, although there are biochemical reasons to hypothesize that oxygen consumption would be better maintained with the alpha-stat strategy. We also hypothesized that venous oxygen tension would be lower with the more alkaline alpha-stat strategy than with the pH-stat acid-base strategy, because of the Bohr effect. We tested these hypotheses by placing 10 anesthetized immature domestic pigs on cardiopulmonary bypass. We measured whole body oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen consumption. Control measurements were made at 37° C. Then the animals were cooled to 27° C and the measurements were repeated. The alpha-stat strategy (pH 7.554 ± 0.020 at 27° C) was used in five animals and five animals received pH-stat management (pH 7.409 ± 0.012 at 27° C). Whole body and myocardial oxygen consumption rate decreased in both groups, but more so in the alpha-stat animals than in the pH-stat animals. The unexpectedly high oxygen consumption in the pH-stat animals also resulted in a lower than expected venous oxygen tension. Thus the effect of hypothermia in reducing oxygen consumption was less pronounced with pH-stat acid-base management.
Sanitary Landfill Leachates and Their Treatment

An extensive analysis of both organic and inorganic constituents in leachate samples collected from landfills located throughout the United States was conducted in this study. Ratios of certain parameters of leachate, such as COD/TOC, BOD 5 /COD, FA-C/TOC VS/FS, etc., and the known age of the landfills can be used to predict the effectiveness of various biological and physical-chemical processes for leachate treatment. Some of these ratios, such as COD/TOC, are also used as an internal check on the reliability of the chemical analysis of leachate samples. The study showed that leachate from a recently leaching fill is best treated by aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment processes. and reverse osmosis treatment were effective in removing organic matter in leachate from stabilized fills, or to remove organic matter in effluent of biological units treating leachate.
Can Polluting Firms Favor Regulation

This paper investigates the production decisions of firms with asymmetric environmental damages, and how their profits are affected by environmental regulation. We demonstrate that emission fees entail a negative effect on firms’ profits, since they increase unit production costs. However, fees can also produce a positive effect for a relatively inefficient firm, given that environmental regulation mitigates its cost disadvantage. If such a disadvantage is sufficiently large, we show that the positive effect dominates, thus leading this firm to actually favor the introduction of environmental policy, while the relatively efficient firm opposes regulation. Furthermore, we show that such support can originate from polluting companies.
Implementation of Laboratory Testing to Predict Low Temperature Cracking Performance of Asphalt Pavements

In cold climate regions, thermal cracking of asphalt pavements is a major pavement distress. Cold climates cause a thermal contraction within the pavement. When combined with the brittle behaviour of asphalt at low temperatures, the thermally induced stresses are relieved by transverse cracks forming in the pavement. This cracking facilitates poor ride quality and premature failure of the pavement. There is currently no asphalt mixture performance test required by majority of Department of Transportations (DOTs) in the United States to address the issue of thermal cracking. Previous research has indicated that fracture energy of asphalt mixtures is a reliable predictor of transverse cracking performance. This mechanistic property of asphalt mixtures can be found using the disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) test. On basis of previous research, a low-temperature cracking performance specification that uses DCT fracture energy has been developed. During 2013 construction season, five construction projects were chosen to implement provisional specifications that use fracture energy as a required mix parameter. The projects encompassed different construction techniques, material compositions and climatic zones. The implementation procedure as well as the results from testing is presented in this paper. The results indicate a shift in the DCT fracture energy values between laboratory produced specimens that were provided as part of mix design acceptance and those manufactured using plant produced mix. Other findings include reaffirmation of common knowledge that use of higher binder contents and/or improved low temperature binder grades provide mixtures with improved fracture energies.
From Mumbai to Paris: Experiencing Disasters Across Social Media

This paper describes the use of social media during times of disaster. The Mumbai Attacks 2008 and the Paris Attacks of 2015 are used as examples of how data is validated into information and redistributed as community knowledge. Examining the tweets, Google tools, Vines, and postings of participants during these events, this paper argues for creating social web systems that can allow for participation and can help people locate relevant content.
Combining Yeast Display and Competitive FACS to Select Rare Hapten-Specific Clones from Recombinant Antibody Libraries.

The development of antibodies to low molecular weight haptens remains challenging due to both the low immunogenicity of many haptens and the cross-reactivity of the protein carriers used to generate the immune response. Recombinant antibodies and novel display technologies have greatly advanced antibody development; however, new techniques are still required to select rare hapten-specific antibodies from large recombinant libraries. In the present study, we used a combination of phage and yeast display to screen an immune antibody library (size, 4.4 × 106) against hapten markers for petroleum contamination (phenanthrene and methylphenanthrenes). Selection via phage display was used first to enrich the library between 20- and 100-fold for clones that bound to phenanthrene–protein conjugates. The enriched libraries were subsequently transferred to a yeast display system and a newly developed competitive FACS procedure was employed to select rare hapten-specific clones. Competitive FACS increased the frequen...
Meandering and unstable reentrant wave fronts induced by acetylcholine in isolated canine right atrium

The mechanism(s) by which acetylcholine (ACh) increases atrial vulnerability to reentry and maintains its activity for longer durations remains poorly defined. In the present study we used high-resolution activation maps to test the hypothesis that ACh promotes meandering of atrial reentrant wave fronts, resulting in breakup and the generation of new wave fronts that sustain the activity. Reentry was induced in 11 isolated canine right atrial tissues (3.8 x 3.2 cm) by a premature point stimulus (S2) before and after superfusion with ACh (15 x 10(-6) M). Endocardial isochronal activation maps were constructed with the use of 509 bipolar electrodes (1.6-mm spatial resolution), and the dynamics of the activation wave fronts were visualized with animation. A vulnerable period was found during which an S2 current strength > 4.4 +/- 2.5 mA [lower limit of vulnerability (LLV)] and < 26 +/- 13 mA [upper limit of vulnerability (ULV)] induced a single stationary reentrant wave front that lasted 3 +/- 2.5 s with a period of 159 +/- 17 ms (16 episodes). AC shortened the refractory period from 100 +/- 12 to 59 +/- 9 ms (P < 0.001) and increased vulnerability to reentry induction by simultaneous decrease in the LLV (0.7 +/- 0.2 mA, P < 0.001) and an increase in the ULV (82 +/- 24 mA, P < 0.01). ACh accelerated the rate (period of 110 +/- 16 ms, P < 0.001) and converted the stationary reentrant wave front to a nonstationary (meandering) reentrant wave front showing polymorphic electrograms, i.e., “fibrillation-like” activity (22 episodes). Rapid meandering of the reentry tip led to wave front breakup (18 episodes) and the generation of new wave fronts (19 episodes). These wave front dynamics also led to sustained (76 +/- 224 s, P < 0.001) fibrillation-like electrograms. We conclude that ACh increases the ULV and promotes meandering of a single reentrant wave front, leading to breakup and the generation of new wave fronts. Single meandering and complex wave front dynamics cause fibrillation-like activity and sustain the activity for longer duration.
Aberrant Neuronal Dynamics during Working Memory Operations in the Aging HIV-Infected Brain

Impairments in working memory are among the most prevalent features of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), yet their origins are unknown, with some studies arguing that encoding operations are disturbed and others supporting deficits in memory maintenance. The current investigation directly addresses this issue by using a dynamic mapping approach to identify when and where processing in working memory circuits degrades. HIV-infected older adults and a demographically-matched group of uninfected controls performed a verbal working memory task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). Significant oscillatory neural responses were imaged using a beamforming approach to illuminate the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal activity. HIV-infected patients were significantly less accurate on the working memory task and their neuronal dynamics indicated that encoding operations were preserved, while memory maintenance processes were abnormal. Specifically, no group differences were detected during the encoding period, yet dysfunction in occipital, fronto-temporal, hippocampal, and cerebellar cortices emerged during memory maintenance. In addition, task performance in the controls covaried with occipital alpha synchronization and activity in right prefrontal cortices. In conclusion, working memory impairments are common and significantly impact the daily functioning and independence of HIV-infected patients. These impairments likely reflect deficits in the maintenance of memory representations, not failures to adequately encode stimuli.
H. J. Heinz: Estimating the Cost of Capital in Uncertain Times

Given recent changes in market conditions and ongoing market uncertainty, an internal financial analyst at Heinz must estimate the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Data for both Heinz and comparable firms are provided. The case provides opportunities for students to learn or practice a WACC calculation while exploring the economic meaning of inputs to the calculation. Excerpt UVA-F-1634 Rev. Jan. 6, 2016 H. J. Heinz: Estimating the Cost of Capital in Uncertain Times To do a common thing uncommonly well brings success. —H. J. Heinz Founder Henry John Heinz As a financial analyst at the H. J. Heinz Company (Heinz) in its North American Consumer Products division, Solomon Sheppard, together with his co-workers, reviewed investment proposals involving a wide range of food products. Most discussions in his office focused on the potential performance of new products and reasonableness of cash flow projections. But as the company finished its 2010 fiscal year at the end of April—with financial markets still in turmoil from the onset of the recession that started at the end of 2007—the central topic of discussion was the company's weighted average cost of capital (WACC). . . .
Anti-Gal in Humans and Its Antigen the α-Gal Epitope

Anti-Gal is a natural antibody produced in humans as ~1% of immunoglobulins and is found also in apes and Old World monkeys. The carbohydrate antigen that specifically binds to anti-Gal is the α-gal epitope with the structure Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R. This antigen is abundantly produced on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans in nonprimate mammals, prosimians, and New World monkeys, all of which lack the anti-Gal antibody and have active α1,3galactosyltranferase enzyme that synthesizes α-gal epitopes. Anti-Gal is produced in humans throughout life because of continuous immune response to α-gal-like epitopes on walls of bacteria of the natural GI flora. Anti-Gal is mostly produce by B lymphocytes (anti-Gal B cells) that reside along the GI tract. Anti-Gal B cells comprise ~1% of circulating B cells; however, most of them are quiescent. Introduction of porcine xenografts or ECM bio-implants presenting α-gal epitopes results in rapid activation of the quiescent anti-Gal B cells, thereby increasing anti-Gal titers by ~100-fold within 2 weeks. The increased production of anti-Gal continues as long as glycoproteins with α-gal epitopes are released from the xenograft or the bio-implant. Because anti-Gal is produced in large amounts in all humans that are not severely immunocompromised, it may be harnessed for a variety of therapeutic applications discussed in this book. Preclinical studies of such applications are feasible in nonprimate experimental animal models in which the α1,3galactosyltransferase gene ( GGTA1 ) was disrupted (knocked out) such as knockout mice and pigs for this gene. In the absence of α-gal epitopes, these mice and pigs can produce the anti-Gal antibody.
Transition to Baccalaureate Nursing Practice: Preparing Practicing Nurses for Professional Advancement

Abstract Faculty at a midwest university recognized the value of building on previous experiences and education to support registered nurses with an associate degree who are seeking academic progression. The Transition to Baccalaureate Nursing Practice course was developed to facilitate a bachelor of science in nursing role exploration and academic success. This report describes the teaching strategies used and lessons learned.
Do American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) Avoid Wind-energy Turbines in Agricultural Fields in Indiana During Spring Migration?

ABSTRACT.— The American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica), a species of conservation concern, uses large agricultural fields during its spring passage through the mid-western United States. In west-central Indiana, large numbers of golden-plovers make a stopover in corn or soybean fields that were harvested the previous fall. Stopovers last for a number of days during which the birds feed and molt into alternate plumage. In recent years, wind energy facilities have been developed in the area with hundreds of wind turbines erected in fields used by the golden-plovers. During spring 2011 and 2012, we investigated patterns of golden-plover behavior at these facilities in Benton County, Indiana at a site where large spring aggregations of plovers have been observed for many years. Our results showed only limited behavioral avoidance of the turbines, and suggested that wind-energy development in this area was not significantly impacting migrant golden-plovers. However, we caution that additional studies could...
Emotionality in Text as Predictor of Behavior

The present study demonstrates how the emotional content of search terms and their eventual results affects the breadth We observed the quantity of results selected by users. In a random sample of queries from the Microsoft LiveSearch search engine, 7,021 queries were evaluated using a dictionary with valence and arousal ratings. The number of search results selected was regressed on the valence and arousal of the search terms. We additionally of results based on the position in the search results. Using the same sample, result placement was regressed on the valence and arousal level of the search terms. Results from quantity of search results selected shows that negative search terms result in an overall larger number of selections made than positive search terms. For position-based selections, we found that the selection of the first result is affected by an interaction of valence and arousal. Specifically, users were unaffected by the arousal level of negative search terms, but appeared to be more likely to search deeper on the page when they searched for less arousing positive information. These results suggest that the emotional content associated with a search query may lead users to be more or less discriminating in their acceptance of information and may influence the impact of placement on result selection.
Energy Return on Investment (EROI), Liquid Fuel Production, and Consequences for Wildlife

Current liquid-fuel supplies in the United States are derived primarily from relatively inexpensive fossil fuels. The low cost and widespread availability of petroleum has, over the last 150 years, facilitated enormous growth in the U.S. and global economies, in their respective human populations and resource consumption, and in their attendant impacts on ecosystems worldwide. Concerns are growing, however, as to whether alternative fuel sources can fill the void left by future declines in the supply of this inexpensive and energy-rich resource, concepts expressed in phrases such as “Peak Oil,” “end of cheap oil,” and “second half of the age of oil.”
Historical and Sociocultural Perspectives in Human Sexuality

The terms “sex,” “sexual,” and “sexuality” are seldom defined with precision in the professional literature. Their meaning is generally left to a reader’s intuitive understanding. The term sex may be used to indicate male or female anatomy, the general distinction between male and female genders or between distinctive masculine and feminine behaviors attributed to the two genders, to activities leading to orgasm (8,9) or to penile/vaginal intercourse and reproduction. Sexual and sexuality are used with equal imprecision, referring to the sexual organs, to functions of sexual organs, to sexual drives, or to instincts. Gender, gender identity, and gender roles, on the other hand, have precise definitions derived from recent conceptualizations in psychosexual research. Gender usually indicates the equivalent of male or female anatomic sex. Gender identity refers to one’s personally experienced sexual identity, a persistent individual self-awareness of being either male or female without regard to how or with whom one expresses this identity. Gender role involves everything one says or does to indicate his/her gender identity to others (11).
Cetirizine-induced cholestasis

AbstractCetirizine, a human metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a selective H1-receptor antagonist currently approved for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, and chronic urticaria. In U.S. clinical trials, transient reversible hepatic transaminase elevations were obse
Hairy Cell Identification by Immunohistochemistry of Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) has been an indispensible marker for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) for over two decades. However, the traditional TRAcP cytochemical stain cannot be performed effectively on sections of paraffin-embedded tissues that are important resources for histopathologic evaluation in diagnosis and treatment of HCL. Wide variation in expression of TRAcP activity by hairy cells (HCs) within and among patients is an interesting biologic phenomenon that has not been explained and can cause some diagnostic uncertainty as well. To solve the problem of staining TRAcP in paraffin sections and to begin to address the questions of variable TRAcP expression in HCL, we developed a monoclonal antibody to TRAcP, 9C5, for immunohistochemical identification of HCs. In smears of blood and bone marrow, immunocytochemistry of TRAcP using 9C5 was as specific but slightly less sensitive than direct cytochemical staining of enzymatic activity. In paraffin sections of spleen and bone marrow from HCL patients, immunohistochemistry with 9C5 stained the HCs with high sensitivity and specificity and clearly showed the characteristic diffuse infiltration by HCs. Other cells noted to stain strongly with 9C5 were occasional macrophages in bone marrow smears and osteoclasts and occasional tissue macrophages in paraffin sections. These are cells known to express abundant TRAcP activity. Immunohistochemistry with anti-TRAcP monoclonal antibody 9C5 may have utility as an added option in the diagnosis of HCL, as a means to evaluate residual disease in HCL patients undergoing new treatments, and as a way to address questions regarding variable expression of TRAcP activity by HCs within and among patients with HCL. Also, 9C5 has potential as a reagent for the immunoassay of bone-derived serum TRAcP in patients with certain bone diseases and cancers with bone metastasis.
Transcriptome Sequencing (RNA-Seq)

The transcriptome is the entire assembly of RNA transcripts in a given cell type, including protein coding and noncoding transcripts. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a recently developed technology that uses high-throughput sequencing approaches (next-generation sequencing or NGS) to determine the sequence of all RNA transcripts in a given specimen. This chapter provides an overview of the development and technical background of transcriptomics and the advantages and limitations of RNA-Seq. This technology has rapidly increased our understanding of gene expression profiles of various cells and tissues and is allowing us to better understand alternative splicing and the functional elements of the genome, and to identify new fusion transcripts in cancer. We also review research and potential clinical applications of RNA-Seq technology in inherited, chronic, neoplastic, and infectious diseases.
Modeling of Coated Thin Wires in Layered Media for Subsurface Sensing and Communication

In this study we proposed an efficient coated thin wire model for simulations of electromagnetic telemetry system and energized casing in deviated and horizontal wells for subsurface sensing and communication. The steel drillstring acts as an antenna that may be treated as a thin wire excited by a gap voltage source located near the drill bit. The steel casing energized by electric sources can also be modeled as thin wire. The numerical model employs the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and the method of moments (MoM) to obtain a linear system for the axial current distribution on the drill string, which is subdivided into one-dimensional segments. By using the thin wire kernel, near-field interactions can be evaluated accurately and efficiently, while also reducing problem dimensionality and singularity order of the homogeneous medium contribution to the layered media Green's function (LMGF). The mud surrounding the pipe is modeled as coating which can be simplified to specific volume and surface current using quasi-static approximation. Numerical results are presented to verify the proposed approach to acquire fast solutions of coated thin wire in layered medium.
Infant and child nutrition

Abstract The quality and quantity of nutrition a child is given during infancy and childhood is vital to support optimal growth and development. Throughout childhood, there are periods of rapid growth and changing nutritional requirements. Children's diets change rapidly throughout childhood, progressing from a diet of milk alone to the commencement of complementary feeding, and ultimately to a diet consistent with the general dietary recommendations for adults. Measuring and weighing children, and recording key stages, is important to help identify nutritional difficulties.
World Libraries on the Information Superhighway: Preparing for the Challenges of the New Millennium

Libraries and the Internet - Policy and Practice in the 21st Century Building National Collections of Internet Publications Connectivity, Content and Collaboration - the Canadian Digital Library Experience Deposit of Digital Publications - a Pragmatic Strategy for Analysis National Library of Korea - South Korean Government Run Digital Library - RISS and KRIC Trends in Web-Based Service in Academic Libraries Impact of the Internet on Malaysian Libraries The University of Queensland Cybrary - a Virtual Library in a Wired University Towards the People's Network - UK Developments and the World of the EARL Consortium Providing Multilingual Internet Services in the Global Information Environment - World LinQ&trade, Project, Queens Library Practices An Analysis of Using Expert Systems and Intelligent Agents for the Virtual Library Project at the Naval Surface Warfare Centre - Carderock Division Subject Access to Quality-Assured World Wide Web Resources - Strategies for Information Professionals Progress and Prospects for Estonian Libraries The Growing Support Crisis in Federal STI Remote Access - the Development of Information Services and Technology in the Global South Libraries on the Information Highway - Issues and Lessons Learned.
Load Management System and Control Strategies of Distributed Energy Resources in an Islanded Microgrid

Load management plays a vital role in an islanded microgrid as it is essential to maintain the generation vs. demand balance at every instant. The microgrid Load Management System (LMS) needs to continuously evaluate and prioritize load demands to maintain this balance. In this paper, load measurement, classification, and control, to improve microgrid reliability, have been studied. Different control strategies based on microgrid status for near real time operation and data acquisition are presented. Active high-speed load control operation is demonstrated in grid connected and islanded mode throughout seasonal variation. The role of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) for effective load control is also explained. An active microgrid test system is modelled and simulated. Detailed analysis of the results shows evidence that the load management system can ensure a stable islanded microgrid.
Transcriptional and Functional Changes of the Human Microvasculature during Physiological Aging and Alzheimer Disease

Aging of the circulatory system correlates with the pathogenesis of a large spectrum of diseases. However, it is largely unknown which factors drive the age-dependent or pathological decline of the vasculature and how vascular defects relate to tissue aging. The goal of the study is to design a multianalytical approach to identify how the cellular microenvironment (i.e., fibroblasts) and serum from healthy donors of different ages or Alzheimer disease (AD) patients can modulate the functionality of organ-specific vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Long-living human microvascular networks embedding VECs and fibroblasts from skin biopsies are generated. RNA-seq, secretome analyses, and microfluidic assays demonstrate that fibroblasts from young donors restore the functionality of aged endothelial cells, an effect also achieved by serum from young donors. New biomarkers of vascular aging are validated in human biopsies and it is shown that young serum induces angiopoietin-like-4, which can restore compromised vascular barriers. This strategy is then employed to characterize transcriptional/functional changes induced on the blood-brain barrier by AD serum, demonstrating the importance of PTP4A3 in the regulation of permeability. Features of vascular degeneration during aging and AD are recapitulated, and a tool to identify novel biomarkers that can be exploited to develop future therapeutics modulating vascular function is established.
Factors associated with influenza vaccine noncompliance at a Rural Texas University.

To investigate influenza vaccination rates and perceptions underlying vaccine noncompliance. Participants: Participants included undergraduate students (N = 365) at a rural, medium-sized university...
A Nonlinear Latching Filter to Remove Jitter From Movement Estimates for Prostheses

Continuous movement intent decoders are critical for precise control of hand and wrist prostheses. Noise in biological signals (e.g., myoelectric or neural signals) can lead to undesirable jitter in the output of these types of decoders. A low-pass filter (LPF) at the output of the decoder effectively reduces jitter, but also substantially slows intended movements. This paper introduces an alternative, the latching filter (LF), a recursive, nonlinear filter that provides smoothing of small-amplitude jitter but allows quick changes to its output in response to large input changes. The performance of a Kalman filter (KF) decoder smoothed with an LF is compared with that of both an KF decoder without an additional smoother and a KF decoder smoothed with a LPF. These three algorithms were tested in real-time on target holding and target reaching tasks using surface electromyographic signals recorded from 5 non-amputee subjects, and intramuscular electromyographic and peripheral neural signals recorded from an amputee subject. When compared with the LPF, the LF provided a statistically significant improvement in amputee and non-amputee subjects’ ability to hold the hand steady at requested positions and achieve movement goals faster. The KF decoder with LF provided a statistically significant improvement in all subjects’ ability to hold the prosthetic hand steady, with only slightly lower speeds, when compared to the unsmoothed KF.
A semi-analytical model for estimation of hydraulic fracture height growth calibrated with field data

Abstract The vertical growth of hydraulic fractures in layered formations has been a topic of interest amongst researchers because of its critical influence on well performance. The analytical solution to the fracture vertical growth in layered formations is primarily based on force balance amongst various formation layers of segments that the vertical fracture intersects. The pressure associated with fluid movement in the vertical direction in a hydraulic fracture is generally ignored in most semi-analytical solutions to height-growth problems, especially if the vertical growth occurs at a slow pace. For a slow advancing vertical fracture, the tips are assumed to be near stationary, and the assumption is termed as equilibrium-height model. The model was first conceptualized for a simple 3-layered problem and later extended to multi-layered applications. The available literature shows model-derived solution for simple cases but lack in-depth study of real-world examples, which in doing so could highlight some of the model limitations. The semi-analytical model presented in the study, was first benchmarked by replicating the data published in the existing literature, and then applied to the field cases to compare its output with the observed data. Unlike the typical approach taken in the literature where the location of one of the tips of the fracture is assigned and the position of other tip is determined, the current model determines the most suitable position for a fracture of given height and stress profile. Additionally, new features were added to the model when evaluating the field cases. These include, incorporating calculation procedures that provide accurate fracture placement for given conditions, handling layered property inputs up to 100 layers, and the ability to include variable fracture pressure as opposed to a constant pressure approach. The model was applied on several cases from the field, four of which are presented here. The analysis showed that there is a close agreement between the predicted and the observed fracture heights. The hybrid feature of the model with inclusion of non-uniform pressure drop profile in the fracture, also helped in calibrating a case where a mismatch was observed. It was concluded that this model can predict fracture height growth with reasonable accuracy for cases with low injection rates where low viscosity fluid is used and requires calibration in cases where high net pressures are expected. The newly developed model is simple to program and can assist in making quick estimates of fracture vertical growth in vertical wells with low-rate fracture stimulation treatments.
Clustering of patients with overactive bladder syndrome

Overactive bladder is a heterogenous condition with poorly characterized clinical phenotypes. To discover potential patient subtypes in patients with overactive bladder (OAB), we used consensus clustering of their urinary symptoms and other non-urologic factors. Clinical variables included in the k-means consensus clustering included OAB symptoms, urinary incontinence, anxiety, depression, psychological stress, somatic symptom burden, reported childhood traumatic exposure, and bladder pain. 48 OAB patients seeking care of their symptoms were included. k-means consensus clustering identified two clusters of OAB patients: a urinary cluster and a systemic cluster. The systemic cluster, which consisted of about half of the cohort (48%), was characterized by significantly higher psychosocial burden of anxiety (HADS-A, 9.5 vs. 3.7, p < 0.001), depression (HADS-D, 6.9 vs. 3.6, p < 0.001), psychological stress (PSS, 21.4 vs. 12.9, p < 0.001), somatic symptom burden (PSPS-Q, 28.0 vs. 7.5, p < 0.001), and reported exposure to traumatic stress as a child (CTES, 17.0 vs. 5.4, p < 0.001), compared to the urinary cluster. The systemic cluster also reported more intense bladder pain (3.3 vs. 0.8, p = 0.002), more widespread distribution of pain (34.8% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.009). The systemic cluster had worse urinary incontinence (ICIQ-UI, 14.0 vs. 10.7, p = 0.028) and quality of life (SF-36, 43.7 vs. 74.6, p < 0.001). The two clusters were indistinguishable by their urgency symptoms (ICIQ-OAB, OAB-q, IUSS, 0–10 ratings). The two OAB clusters were different from patients with IC/BPS (worse urgency incontinence and less pain). The OAB population is heterogeneous and symptom-based clustering has identified two clusters of OAB patients (a systemic cluster vs. a bladder cluster). Understanding the pathophysiology of OAB subtypes may facilitate treatments.
Hydrodynamic Analysis of Biomimetic Robot Fish Using OpenFOAM

In this paper, a Three-Dimensional (3D) Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation of a biomimetic robot fish is studied. The OpenFOAM software is used to define the movement of the robot fish and the dynamic mesh is used to mimic the fish swimming in water. Hydrodynamic analysis has been done to analyze the motion of the robot in water. Furthermore, this paper provides comparative data about hydrodynamic properties to improve the design, remote control, and flexibility of the underwater robot fish. In addition, it discusses how the fish oscillates the tail and the caudal fin to push water away behind it and get the thrust pushing it forward.
Ab initio electron dynamics in high electric fields: Accurate prediction of velocity-field curves

Electron dynamics in external electric fields governs the behavior of solid-state electronic devices. First-principles calculations enable precise predictions of charge transport in low electric fields. However, studies of high-field electron dynamics remain elusive due to a lack of accurate and broadly applicable methods. Here, we develop an efficient approach to solve the real-time Boltzmann transport equation with both the electric field term and ab initio electron-phonon collisions. These simulations provide field-dependent electronic distributions in the time domain, allowing us to investigate both transient and steady-state transport in electric fields ranging from low to high ($g10$ kV/cm). The broad capabilities of our approach are shown by computing nonequilibrium electron occupations and velocity-field curves in Si, GaAs, and graphene, obtaining results in quantitative agreement with experiment. Our approach sheds light on microscopic details of transport in high electric fields, including the dominant scattering mechanisms and valley occupation dynamics. Our results demonstrate quantitatively accurate calculations of electron dynamics in low to high electric fields, with broad application to power and micro-electronics, optoelectronics, and sensing.
Analysis of the role of N-cadherin, MCAM, and β3 integrin in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of advanced-stage melanomas

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 2516 The cell adhesion molecules N-cadherin, MCAM, and β3 integrin have been postulated to represent melanoma progression markers, and phase I clinical trials currently assess the efficacy of ανβ3 integrin as a therapeutic target for unresectable, locally advanced, or stage IV melanoma. Using whole-genome expression profiling and tissue microarray analysis, we demonstrate expression of the three molecules in the melanoma progression pathway. Since it is presently not known whether targeted inhibition of each adhesion molecule alone suffices to block tumor growth and/or metastasis, or whether expression of all three genes needs to be inhibited simultaneously to block melanoma proliferation, invasion, and metastasis formation, we performed studies, both in vitro and in vivo, to answer this question. We provide evidence that blocking N-cadherin, MCAM, or β3 integrin expression decreases melanoma cell proliferation, yet, blocking their expression in parallel does not augment the anti-proliferative effect. However, blocking N-cadherin, MCAM, andβ3 integrin in concert, inhibits melanoma cell migration and invasion to a significantly greater extent than targeting each gene alone. We further demonstrate that abrogating expression of the three adhesion molecules does not lead to upregulation of other adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin or substantial accumulation of the αv integrin subunit. Taken together, the results of our studies suggest that targeting all three genes at the same time may represent a valuable therapeutic approach for melanoma in its advanced stages.
Theory and simulation of the resistive hose instability in relativistic electron beams

The resistive hose instability typically disrupts intense, relativistic electron beams after a few betatron wavelengths in dense gas. Propagating a beam tens of betatron wavelengths or more is therefore challenging. This paper presents analytic theory and numerical simulations indicating that careful beam conditioning can achieve that goal.
Disaggregation of Local Apartment Markets by Unit Type

Recent market segmentation research has begun to delve into the issue of whether traditional property-type categories are sufficiently homogeneous to be modeled as aggregate real estate markets. This article extends the research on rental-property market segmentation by investigating the existence of apartment submarkets determined by unit type. The study finds that one-bedroom, one-bath units; two-bedroom, one-bath units; and two-bedroom, two-bath units function as distinct submarkets differentiated by property features, neighborhood location, and temporal changes in market rent.
Use of Dummy Variables in Testing for Equality between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions: A Note

variables 1 and 0 can be used as aii alternative to the standard analysis of variance and covariance methods and the Chow test. The subsequent discussion proceeds as follows: Section II is devoted to a brief discussion of the Chow test. There is no need to discuss the analysis of variance aad covariance techniques since they are discussed in any standard text on statistics. The dummy variable method is presented in Section III. A numerical example is solved in Section IV, illustrating the Chow test and the dummy variable method. Some of the advantages of the dummy variable approach over the Chow test are discussed in Section V.
Comparison of retinal outcomes after scleral buckle or lens-sparing vitrectomy for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To compare anatomic outcomes after lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) or scleral buckle (SB) for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: Nonrandomized, retrospective study of infants consecutively treated for stage 4 ROP by LSV or SB. Outcomes were retinal attachment at 1 month of initial surgery and at the end of follow-up (6 months) and number of procedures to achieve retinal attachment. Exact χ2 methods determined significance, and student’s t-test compared mean postmenstrual age and birthweight between the groups. Results: After one procedure, LSV (72%) was associated with retinal attachment more often than was SB (31%). At the end of follow-up, after one or more procedures, there was no difference in retinal reattachment rate between LSV or SB as the first procedure. There were no differences between the surgical groups by mean postmenstrual age and birthweight or severity of ROP determined by zone, clock hours of ridge elevation, or quadrants of plus disease. Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that vitrectomy by LSV stops progressive stage 4 ROP. As an initial procedure, LSV was associated with retinal attachment more often than SB. Future prospective studies can determine the effects of LSV and SB on visual development in progressive stage 4 ROP.
Tissue interactions during skin histodifferentiation

Abstract Skin tissues from 11-day chick embryos have been cultured in protein-free nutrients. Under these conditions, epidermis displays columnar basal cells and mitoses only in regions where an intimate junction is established with either dermis or muscle. Epidermis that fails to form a junction, or that is cultured alone, develops abnormally and becomes necrotic by 4 days. Epidermal differentiation to the tonofibril stage occurs only in epidermis-dermis recombinants in regions of a junction. The dermal-epidermal interaction can occur when Millipore filters are inserted between the tissues, or in the absence of visualized periodic acid-Schiff staining at the junction. Intercellular materials form and are randomly distributed in dermal explants. In recombinants, the materials usually appear first in regions distant from the epidermis. Other properties of interacting skin tissues are described, including some aspects of scale morphogenesis.
RELATIVE UTILITY OF CULTURE AND CLIMATE ANALYSIS TO AN ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AGENT: AN ANALYSIS OF GENERAL DYNAMICS, ELECTRONICS DIVISION

The organizational culture and climate of General Dynamics, Electronics Division was examined in relation to several change efforts implemented between the years of 1983 and 1992. An attempt was made to identify those elements of the organization's culture that contributed to resistance to planned change. The relative merits of climate analysis and cultural analysis are discussed Two conflicting subcultural structures were identified which represented substantial difficulties for change implementation. The study concluded that using organizational climate analysis may not be sufficient to provide change agents with the means to affect change, and that analysis of cultural assumptions is needed to reveal the most substantial barriers to change.
Trends in market power and productivity growth rates in US and Japanese manufacturing

Abstract Trends were estimated for market power (measured by the price–marginal cost ratio) and the total factor productivity growth rate for US and Japanese manufacturing. Both trends are negative in both countries, but Japan's are significant and much steeper.
Effects of Delayed Fertilization in Screw-Worm Flies on Induction of Dominant Lethal Mutations by N,N'-Tetrametliylenebis(1-Aziridinecarboxamide)

When male screw-worm flies, Cochliomyia homini-vorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were injected with N,N'-tetramethylenebis (1-aziridinecarboxamide) and fertilization was delayed (by deferring copulation or oviposition) more dominant lethal mutations were recovered if treatment of unmated males was delayed before mating than if it was not delayed. Also, the frequency of mutations was lower if mating of treated males was delayed than if it was not delayed and higher when the sperm from treated males were stored in females than when the sperm were not stored.
Nucleotide sequence of the 24S subgenomic messenger RNA of a vaccine strain (HPV77) of rubella virus: comparison with a wild-type strain (M33)

Abstract A full-length cDNA clone for the 24S subgenomic mRNA of the vaccine strain (HPV77) of rubella virus has been isolated from a cDNA library made from the RNAs of infected cells. Starting from the first Met start codon, the 24S mRNA codes for a precursor protein of 1063 amino acids (aa). This precursor encodes a capsid protein of 300 aa, and two envelope proteins. El (481 aa) and E2 (282 aa). Both the El and E2 proteins are preceded by a stretch of 21 hydrophobic aa, characteristic of a signal peptide, and each has three putative glycosylation sites in the polypeptide chains. Comparison between the structural proteins of the vaccine and the wild-type (wt; M33) strains of rubella virus, revealed that the E2 protein of the vaccine strain differs, in its apparent Mr, by approx. 3 kDa, from the wt strain. The difference could be due to decreased glycosylation of the vaccine strain E2 protein, as revealed by [3H]mannose incorporation studies. Five single-aa changes in the structural proteins occurred during the attenuation process, one each in the capsid and the E1 protein and three in the E2 protein. The change of Thr-412 → Ile in the E2 protein results in the loss of a putative glycosylation site at Asn-410, which offers a plausible explanation for decreased glycosylation of the E2 protein from the vaccine strain of rubella virus.
Detector Layout And Scanning For An Infrared Source Classification System

Focal plane staring mosaics for real-time source classification purposes must be used in such a way as to provide a compromise between the usefulness of the extracted discrimination features and the frame by frame classification rate. This paper surveys various mosaic layouts and scanning patterns with the aim of optimizing the feature acquisition rate. A radial mosaic layout is studied in detail.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.