cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aromatase Inhibitor Associated Musculoskeletal Symptoms are associated with Reduced Physical Activity among Breast Cancer Survivors

Physical activity (PA) has numerous health benefits for breast cancer survivors. Recent data suggest that some breast cancer survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors may experience aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms. It is unknown whether aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms are associated with reduced PA and what other risk factors are associated with such PA reductions. We conducted a cross-sectional study at a large university-based breast cancer clinic among breast cancer survivors prescribed an aromatase inhibitor. At routine follow-up, we surveyed participants about aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms, as well as pre-aromatase inhibitor, and current, PA levels. Among 300 participants, 90 (30%) reported a reduction of PA since the initiation of aromatase inhibitor therapy. Those with aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms were more likely to report decreased PA (62% versus 38%, p = 0.001) compared with those without aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms. In multivariate analyses, aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.29 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-3.86]), and body mass index (OR = 1.06 [95% CI: 1.02-1.12]) were associated with reductions in PA. In subgroup analysis among breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms, self-reported lower extremity joint pain (OR = 1.23 [95% CI: 1.00-1.50]) and impaired lower extremity physical function (OR = 1.07 [95% CI: 1.01-1.14]) were associated with reductions in PA. Breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms were more likely to report reductions in PA since initiating aromatase inhibitor therapy compared with those without aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Our findings suggest that tailored interventions targeting lower extremity functional limitations are needed to enable breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor associated musculoskeletal symptoms to participate in PA.
Aberrant Right Hepatic Duct Draining into the Cystic Duct: Clinical Outcomes and Management

Background. Aberrant right hepatic duct (ARHD) draining into cystic duct (CD) is relatively rare but clinically important because of its susceptibility to injuries during cholecystectomy. These injuries are often-times missed or diagnosed late and as a result can develop serious complications. Methods. Four consecutive patients diagnosed with ARHD draining into CD were identified for inclusion. Results. The mean age of patients was 42.5 years. The diagnosis in one of the patient was incidental during a routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Other three patients were diagnosed post-cholecystectomy- one presented with suspected intra-operative biliary injury, one with persistent bile leak and another with recurrent cholangitis. Inadequate filling of the segment of liver on ERCP with dilation of intrahepatic ducts in the corresponding segment on imaging was present in two patients with complete obstruction of ARHD which was managed surgically. In another patient, the partially obstructed ARHD was managed by endoscopic therapy. Conclusion. ARHD draining into the CD can have varied clinical manifestations. In appropriate clinical settings, it should be suspected in patients with persistence of bile leak early after cholecystectomy, segmental dilation of intrahepatic-bile ducts on imaging and paucity of intrahepatic filling in a segment of liver on ERCP.
The Origin of endo Stereoselectivity in the Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Aldehydes with ortho‐Xylylenes: CH–π, π–π, and Steric Effects on Stereoselectivity

Theoretical studies of stereoselectivity have been carried out with B3LYP and MP2 calculations. The high endo selectivity of hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of ortho-xylylenes with acetaldehydes is shown to result from attractive CH-pi interactions between alkyl groups of the aldehyde and the aromatic ring in the transition states of the reaction. For the hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of ortho-xylylenes with benzaldehyde, the stereoselectivity is shown to be mainly governed by the attractive pi-pi interactions between the phenyl rings of the benzaldehyde and the ortho-xylylene. MP2 calculations are necessary to reproduce the stabilizing dispersion interactions.
Secondary prevention of heart disease amongst patients with lipid abnormalities: practice and trends in the United States.

Patients with established coronary disease and abnormalities of lipid metabolism represent a particularly important subgroup, since their mortality risk is typically 10 times greater than that amongst subjects with comparable risk factors but no clinical history. Such patients are commonly treated initially with anti-anginal therapy; if ischaemic symptoms persist they often undergo revascularization (bypass or angioplasty). While invasive procedures restore blood flow and relieve ischemia, they do not, in most cases, reduce risk of subsequent MI or death, or alter the underlying atherogenic process(es). Despite this, there has been a progressive 54% decline in age-adjusted cardiac mortality over the period 1960-1995, which appears best attributable to US lifestyle changes. In particular, the past decade has provided compelling evidence for the merits of a fourth approach: comprehensive risk factor management. Clinical outcome studies have confirmed the substantial merit of aspirin prophyllaxis and of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in secondary prevention. Prospective angiographic trials and evidence from studies of vascular biology have provided insight into mechanisms of benefit. As a consequence, lipid therapy and aspirin use have increased greatly among middle aged and older US citizens, especially those with CAD. The growth of comprehensive medical management now rivals that of invasive revascularization in secondary prevention.
Remarks on the method of paired comparisons: III. A test of significance for paired comparisons when equal standard deviations and equal correlations are assumed.

A test of goodness of fit is developed for Thurstone’s method of paired comparisons, Case V. The test involves the computation of $$ x^2 = n\sum {(\theta '' - \theta ')^2 /821,}$$ where n is the number of observations per pair, and θ″ and θ′ are the angles obtained by applying the inverse sine transformation to the fitted and the observed proportions respectively. The number of degrees of freedom is (k − 1)(k − 2)/2.
Effect of aluminum and parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts and bone mineralization in chronic renal failure

Bone aluminum, quantitative bone histology, and plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) were compared in 29 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Histologic techniques included double tetracycline labeling and histochemical identification of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone aluminum was measured chemically by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and histochemically. When measured chemically, the bone aluminum was 67±46 (SD) mg/kg dry weight (normal 2.4±1.2 mg/kg); histochemically, aluminum was present at 2.9±4.4% of trabecular surface. The biochemical and histochemical results agreed well (r=0.80,P<0.001). No double tetracycline labels were seen at the mineralization front where aluminum was deposited, indicating cessation of mineralization at these sites. The osteoblast surface correlated positively with plasma PTH (r=0.67,P<0.001) and negatively with bone aluminum level (r=−0.42,P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed a correlation of aluminum with osteoblasts additional to that of PTH, consistent with a direct effect of aluminum in depressing osteoblast numbers. Though a relationship between PTH and chemically determined bone aluminum level could not be demonstrated, there was a negative correlation between osteoclast count and aluminum, and the nine patients with severe hyperparathyroid bone disease had lower chemically determined aluminum levels than the other patients. These results suggest that aluminum (a) directly inhibits mineralization, (b) is associated with decreased PTH activity and hence osteoblast numbers, and (c) directly reduces osteoblast numbers. In addition to inducing severe, resistant osteomalacia, aluminum appears to contribute to the mild osteomalacia commonly seen in renal failure, characterized by extensive thin osteoid and low tetracycline and osteoblast surfaces.
Growth through defeat and the reenactment of a family drama

The thesis of this paper is that defeat in psychotherapy, as in premature termination, or an incomplete or unsuccessful therapeutic experience, may be due to insufficient attention to the reenactments of a family drama on the part of the patient and/or the therapist. Insight for understanding in a nonjudgmental manner is emphasized. This is because of inclinations toward self denigrating attitutdes, particularly in relation to “defeat” experiences.
The Generation of Lightning in the Solar Nebula

Abstract The process that melted and formed the chondrules, millimeter-sized glassy beads within meteorites, has not been conclusively identified. Origin by lightning in the solar nebula is consistent with many features of chondrules, but no viable model of lightning has yet been advanced. We present a model demonstrating how lightning could be generated in the solar nebula which differs from previous models in two important aspects. First, we identify a new, powerful charging mechanism that is based on the differences in contact potentials between particles of different composition, a form of triboelectric charging . In the presence of fine silicate grains and fine iron metal grains, large silicate particles (the chondrules) can acquire charges ≳+10 5 e . Second, we assume that the chondrule precursor particles are selectively concentrated in clumps ∼100 km in size by the turbulent concentration mechanism described by J. N. Cuzzi et al. (1996, in Chondrules and the Protoplanetary Disk , pp. 35–43, Cambridge Univ. Press). The concentration of these highly charged particles into clumps, in a background of negatively charged metal grains, is what generates the strong electric fields. We calculate that electric fields large enough to trigger breakdown easily could have existed over regions large enough (∼100 km) to generate very large discharges of electrical energy (∼10 16 erg), assuming a lightning bolt width ≲10 electron mean-free paths. The discharges would have been sufficiently energetic to have formed the chondrules. We place constraints on the generation of lightning and conclude that it could not be generated if the abundance of 26 Al in chondrules was as high as the level in the calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs). This conclusion is consistent with isotopic analyses of chondrules. This possibly implies that 26 Al was nonuniformly distributed in the solar nebula or that the chondrules formed several million years after the CAIs.
Native language predictors of foreign language proficiency and foreign language aptitude.

Fifty-four students were tested at specific time intervals over 10 years to determine best native language (NL) predictors of oral and written foreign language (FL) proficiency and FL aptitude. All participants completed two years of Spanish, French, or German. Each was administered measures of NL literacy, oral language, and cognitive ability in elementary school. A measure of FL aptitude was administered at the beginning of ninth grade and FL proficiency was evaluated at the end of the 10th grade. Among the variables, NL literacy measures were the best predictors of FL proficiency, and NL achievement and general (verbal) intelligence were strong predictors of FL aptitude. Results suggest that indices of NL literacy as early as first grade are related to FL proficiency and FL aptitude nine and 10 years later. Findings provide strong support for connections between L1 and L2 skills, and for speculation that “lower level” skills in phonological processing are important for written language development and oral proficiency in a FL.
Catamenial Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Catamenial Hyperglycemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), an acute and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, is frequently the result of a precipitating illness or nonadherence to treatment; however, despite a thorough history, physical, radiologic, and laboratory examination, a specific cause or precipitating event cannot be identified in a significant number of cases. Aims To report 2 cases of recurrent DKA, and hyperglycemic crisis, associated to the menstrual cycle, and provide a review of the medical literature. Methods The clinic and hospital medical records of 2 subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and unexplained DKA are reviewed. An electronic MEDLINE search of relevant medical literature published from 1965 to 2007 was performed; additionally, the reference lists of the identified articles and other sources, such as textbook chapters and meeting abstracts, were reviewed for related publications. Results To date there have been 7 reported cases in the literature demonstrating an association between menstruation and DKA. The 2 new cases presented here highlight the potentially significant changes in glucose metabolism that may occasionally be observed during the late luteal and decidual phases of the menstrual cycle; moreover, these cases underscore the importance of a thorough medical and gynecologic history when evaluating a patient with DKA. Conclusion Through unclear mechanisms, some women with diabetes mellitus demonstrate significant changes in glucose control around the time of their menses, including DKA. Accordingly, we propose that the terms catamenial DKA and catamenial hyperglycemia be used to refer to these disorders and that catamenial DKA be included in the differential diagnosis list of causes or precipitating events that can lead to DKA.
Motor unit firing variability and synchronization during short-term light-load training in older adults

We compared motor unit synchronization and firing rate variability within and across synergistic hand muscles during a pinching task following short-term light-load training to improve force steadiness in older adults. A total of 183 motor unit pairs before training and 158 motor unit pairs after training were recorded with intramuscular fine-wire electrodes within and across the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and adductor pollicis (AdP) muscles during a pinch task performed by ten older adults before and after a 4-week short-term light-load training program. Nine younger adults performed the same experimental sessions 4 weeks apart with no training intervention. Two-minute sustained contractions of 2, 4, 8, and 12% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were performed with the non-dominant hand. The coefficient of variation (CV) of force was greater in older than in younger adults and was lower at the 2 and 4% MVC levels in both the finger (0.12 ± 0.01 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01, and 0.08 ± 0.01 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01, respectively) and thumb (0.11 ± 0.01 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01, and 0.09 ± 0.01 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01, respectively) compared to higher force levels following training in the older adults. There were no changes in CIS or k’-1 values following training. Motor unit firing rate variability significantly decreased at low force levels in the FDI muscle and also tended to decrease with training in the AdP muscle (p = 0.06). No changes occurred in the younger control group. These findings are the first to show that motor unit synchronization does not change during light-load training. Thus, it is likely that force steadiness in older adults improves by reducing motor unit firing variability rather than by changing motor unit synchronization.
Differentially private recommender systems: Building privacy into the Netflix Prize contenders

We consider the problem of producing recommendations from collective user behavior while simultaneously providing guarantees of privacy for these users. Specifically, we consider the Netflix Prize data set, and its leading algorithms, adapted to the framework of differential privacy.Unlike prior privacy work concerned with cryptographically securing the computation of recommendations, differential privacy constrains a computation in a way that precludes any inference about the underlying records from its output. Such algorithms necessarily introduce uncertainty--i.e., noise--to computations, trading accuracy for privacy.We find that several of the leading approaches in the Netflix Prize competition can be adapted to provide differential privacy, without significantly degrading their accuracy. To adapt these algorithms, we explicitly factor them into two parts, an aggregation/learning phase that can be performed with differential privacy guarantees, and an individual recommendation phase that uses the learned correlations and an individual's data to provide personalized recommendations. The adaptations are non-trivial, and involve both careful analysis of the per-record sensitivity of the algorithms to calibrate noise, as well as new post-processing steps to mitigate the impact of this noise.We measure the empirical trade-off between accuracy and privacy in these adaptations, and find that we can provide non-trivial formal privacy guarantees while still outperforming the Cinematch baseline Netflix provides.
Supported BF3 catalyst on crystalline polyolefins; carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene

This paper describes a new supported Lewis acid catalyst which involves BF3 species chemically bonded to the crystalline polyolefins, such as polypropylene and poly(1-butene). The supported catalysts are active in the carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene and are recovered and reused for many reaction cycles without significantly losing their activity. Several advantages, such as chemical and physical stabilities of the substrate, convenient implantation to load high concentration of catalyst to the substrate and high catalyst reactivity, have been observed. In addition, polyisobutylene obtained in this process has high terminal unsaturation.
Opportunities in Opportunistic Computing

When two devices come into contact, albeit opportunistically, it provides a great opportunity to match services to resources, exchange information, cyberforage, execute tasks remotely, and forward messages.
Hybrid density functional theory investigation of a series of alloxan-based thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones

Recently, the synthesis and the NMR characterization of a series of eight alloxan-based thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones were reported. These compounds exhibit a strongly hydrogenbonded hydrazinic proton that is a part of a characteristic six-membered ring. This proton is highly deshielded and resonates far downfield in the proton NMR spectra. In this report, mPW1PW91/6-31+G(d,p) calculations have been used to investigate the structure and other molecular properties of this series of eight compounds. The relationship between the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts and various geometric parameters was investigated, and linear relationships for proton peaks that are involved in hydrogen-bond interactions were found.
Downregulation of Brain Phosphodiesterase Type IV Measured with 11C-(R)-Rolipram Positron Emission Tomography in Major Depressive Disorder

Background Phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4), an important component of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascade, selectively metabolizes cAMP in the brain to the inactive monophosphate. Basic studies suggest that PDE4 mediates the effects of several antidepressants. This study sought to quantify the binding of 11 C-( R )-rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, as an indirect measure of this enzyme's activity in the brain of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with healthy control subjects. Methods 11 C-( R )-Rolipram brain positron emission tomography scans were performed in 28 unmedicated MDD subjects and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Patients were moderately depressed and about one half were treatment-naive. 11 C-( R )-Rolipram binding in the brain was measured using arterial 11 C-( R )-rolipram levels to correct for the influence of cerebral blood flow. Results Major depressive disorder subjects showed a widespread, approximately 20% reduction in 11 C-( R )-rolipram binding ( p = .002), which was not caused by different volumes of gray matter. Decreased rolipram binding of similar magnitudes was observed in most brain areas. Rolipram binding did not correlate with the severity of depressive or anxiety symptoms. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate that brain levels of PDE4, a critical enzyme that regulates cAMP, are decreased in unmedicated individuals with MDD in vivo. These results are in line with human postmortem and rodent studies demonstrating downregulation of the cAMP cascade in MDD and support the hypothesis that agents such as PDE4 inhibitors, which increase activity within the cAMP cascade, may have antidepressant effects.
Cytochrome c oxidase depleted of subunit III: proton-pumping, respiratory control, and pH dependence of the midpoint potential of cytochrome a

An examination of respiratory control, proton pumping, and the pH dependence of the redox potential of cytochrome a is reported for subunit III-depleted rat liver cytochrome oxidase prepared by chromatography in laurylmaltoside. The results indicate a facilitating rather than essential role for subunit III in these properties related to energy conservation.
On the effects of production and maintenance variations on machinery performance

The variations introduced during the production and maintenance of rotating machinery components are correlated with the vibration and noise emanating from the final system during its operational lifetime. Vibration and noise are especially unacceptable elements in high‐risk systems such as helicopters and aircraft engines, resulting in premature component degradation and a potentially unsafe flying environment. In such applications, individual components often are subject to 100 per cent inspection following production and during operation through rigorous maintenance, resulting in increased product development cycles and high production and operation costs. In this work, the aim is to provide engineers with a technique to evaluate vibration modes and levels for each component or subsystem prior to putting them into operation. This paper presents a preliminary investigation of the correlation of manufacturing and assembly variations with vibrations, using an experimental test rig. A factorial design is used to study the effects of various factors. Challenges in developing a process monitoring and inspection methodology to predict performance quality are identified, followed by a discussion of future work.
The risks of underwater birth

Abstract Objective We performed a retrospective review of the literature on the complications that could be associated potentially with water birth. Study design We performed an extensive review of the medical literature using the Pub Med search engine, which is available through the National Library of Medicine. We also examined the Cochrane review on immersion in pregnancy, labor and birth. Results Our review revealed 74 articles regarding water births. We found 16 citations that described complications that were associated with underwater birth. Possible complications that were associated with water birth included fresh water drowning, neonatal hyponatremia, neonatal waterborne infectious disease, cord rupture with neonatal hemorrhage, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and death. Our systematic review did not identify an adequately controlled trial of delivery underwater (second stage of labor underwater) compared with delivery in air. Conclusion Water birth may be associated with potential complications that are not seen with land-based birth. The rates of these complications are likely to be low but are not well defined.
Microbial survey of shared-use cosmetic test kits available to the public

Some people like to try cosmetics before purchasing them. With repeated use by different customers, however, the tester kits provided by many retail outlets can become potential vectors of microbial pathogens. A survey was conducted to assess the health risk from bacteria found on shared-use cosmetics. A total of 3027 shared-use cosmetic product samples were collected from 171 retail establishments throughout the contiguous United States. Eye, face and lip cosmetics were tested within situ nondestructive swabbing and the use of the Transette 3R Modified Amies Charcoal Culture and Transport System. Bacteria were isolated from about 50% of the items for all three categories. Semiquantitatively-estimated mean densities were 2288, 1685 and 1088 CFU g−1 for eye, face and lip products, respectively. Ranges for all categories were 0–155 CFU g−1. About 5% of the items had bacterial counts above 5000 CFU g−1 (eye products) or 10 000 CFU g−1 (other products). More than 60% of isolates were typical of microflora from human skin; the remainder were environmental microbes. About 60% of the isolates were Gram-positive cocci:Staphylococcus spp. (especiallyS. epidermidis) andMicrococcus spp. The Gram-negative pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosa constituted 0.07% of the isolates. The survey results suggest that the preservation systems of some of the cosmetics failed under excessive use (abuse), and indicated a potential for microbiological safety problems with shared-use consmetics.
On the size distribution of fracture-initiating defects in Al-and Mg-alloy castings

The use of defect size distributions in models for fatigue life is reviewed. A brief summary of extreme value statistics is provided. The analysis of data reported in the literature on the size of fracture-initiating defects in Al- and Mg-alloy castings by using the general extreme value distribution is discussed. Results provide strong evidence that the size of defects on fracture surfaces of cast Al- and Mg-alloys follows the Gumbel distribution. The indications of these results are discussed in the paper.
Stepwise selection of variables in data envelopment analysis: Procedures and managerial perspectives

Abstract One of the most important steps in the application of modeling using data envelopment analysis (DEA) is the choice of input and output variables. In this paper, we develop a formal procedure for a “stepwise” approach to variable selection that involves sequentially maximizing (or minimizing) the average change in the efficiencies as variables are added or dropped from the analysis. After developing the stepwise procedure, applications from classic DEA studies are presented and the new managerial insights gained from the stepwise procedure are discussed. We discuss how this easy to understand and intuitively sound method yields useful managerial results and assists in identifying DEA models that include variables with the largest impact on the DEA results.
H-atom product channel and mode specificity in the near-UV photodissociation of thiomethoxy radical via the Ã2A1 state

Abstract Photodissociation of jet-cooled thiomethoxy radical (CH3S) via the A ˜ 2 A 1 ← X ˜ 2 E 3 / 2 transition is studied in the region of 344–362 nm. The H-atom product channel is directly observed by H-atom photofragment yield spectrum and photofragment translational spectroscopy. Two vibronic levels of A ˜ 2 A 1 , 2131 and 2132, dissociate to H + H2CS, while the others in the vicinity (2133 and 3n, n = 3–6) dissociate to CH3 + S(3PJ) (based on a previous study by Neumark and co-workers). The H + H2CS product translational energy release is not repulsive and peaks at ∼9 kcal/mol; the H-atom angular distribution is isotropic. The dissociation mechanism is consistent with internal conversion of the excited A ˜ 2 A 1 to the ground state X ˜ 2 E followed by unimolecular dissociation of X ˜ 2 E .
Sintering and compaction of snow containing liquid water

The compaction of snow containing meltwater was described earlier as a pressure-melting phenomenon. That model is improved by introducing simultaneous grain growth, ice creep, and double charged la...
Conductive hearing loss affects the growth of the cochlear nuclei over an extended period of time

Abstract During normal growth in CBA/J mice, the volumes of dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei change very little between 1 and 3 days of age; then more than double between 6 and 12 days of age. After 12 days, the rate of growth declines, but growth continues through at least 90 days. The globular cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus also double their soma areas between 6 and 12 days, but then grow no more. The number of ventral cochlear nucleus neurons containing Nissl substance doubles between 6 and 12 days of age and then remains stable. This increase in neuronal numbers is probably caused by differentiation of neuroblasts into neurons, not by mitoses. Conductive losses from 4 to 45 days, and from 24 to 45 days, both result in reduced volume of the ventral cochlear nucleus, but have no effect on the volume of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Globular cell area is affected by a conductive loss from 4 to 45 days of age, but not by a conductive loss from 24 to 45 days. Therefore, conductive losses affect neuropil growth beyond the time when soma size is no longer affected by these losses.
Luria-Nebraska performance and symptomatology in unmedicated Schizophrenic patients

Recent attempts at subgrouping schizophrenia have emphasized negative symptoms (e.g., blunted affect, emotional withdrawal), and several works have suggested that patients with negative symptoms show greater cognitive deficits and structural brain abnormalities. However, many of these studies have relied on screening devices or single measures of neuropsychological performance. Accordingly, the present study used the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) in assessing 38 unmedicated inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The results found no relationship between LNNB performance and symptom ratings derived from clinical interviews using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The findings show that cognitive performance may be unrelated to symptomatology when a complex battery type test is used.
Linear representations of cotriangular spaces

Abstract We classify the linear representations of the finite cotriangular space (copolar spaces of order 2) in vector spaces over GF(2). For the spaces of symplectic and orthogonal type, only the standard representations associated with symplectic and quadratic forms exist. For the spaces of triangular type, the representations correspond to certain linear binary codes.
Effect of Electrolyte Composition on Lithium Dendrite Growth

Lithium deposition is observed in situ using a microfluidic test cell. The microfluidic device rapidly sets up a steady concentration gradient and minimizes ohmic potential loss, minimizes electrolyte usage, and shows good repeatability. Dendrite growth is observed at different current densities for electrolytes containing lithium hexafluorophosphate or lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) in mixtures of propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate. Dendrites are formed at shorter times in electrolytes containing LiTFSI and high amounts of PC. The time to first observed dendrites increases linearly (for all electrolyte compositions) with a resistance given by the Tafel slope of the lithium reduction polarization curve.
Continuous Flows in the Plane

1 Elementary Properties of Flows.- Notes and Remarks to Chapter 1.- 2 Special Properties of Plane Flows.- Notes and Remarks to Chapter 2.- 3 Regular and Singular Points.- Notes and Remarks to Chapter 3.- 4 Reparametrization I.- Notes and Remarks to Chapter 4.- 5 Reparametrization II.- Notes and Remarks to Chapter 5.- 6 Existence Theorems I.- Notes and Remarks to Chapter 6.- 7 Existence Theorems II.- Notes and remarks to Chapter 7.- 8 Algebraic Combinations of Flows I.- 9 Algebraic Combinations of Flows II.- Notes and Remarks to Chapters 8 and 9.- 10 Fine Structure in $$ {G_r}\left( \varphi \right) $$.- 11 Fine Structure in $$ {G_s}\left( \varphi \right){\text{I}} $$.- 12 Fine Structure in $$ {G_s}\left( \varphi \right){\text{II}} $$.- Appendix A Topology.- Appendix B The Kurzweil Integral.- Appendix C Some Properties of the Plane.- Epilogue.
Panic disorder in university students: a review.

Abstract Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent, sudden, often unprovoked attacks of intense, diffuse autonomic discharge accompanied by severe anxiety as distinguished from ordinary generalized anxiety. Recent research indicates a biochemical abnormality that predisposes some individuals to the disorder, which generally begins in young adulthood and affects women twice as frequently as men. Untreated panic disorder follows a chronic, fluctuating course. Complications include hypochondriasis, anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance and agoraphobia, abuse of alcohol and sedative drugs, and depression. Diagnosis is complicated by patients' complaints of physical rather than emotional symptoms. Workups can be avoided if the physician considers the diagnosis in apparently healthy young adults who present with episodic cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and/or respiratory symptoms. The physician needs to be able to distinguish the symptoms of panic disorder from those of ordinary anxiety and also to r...
Oblimersen in combination with temozolomide and albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with advanced melanoma: a phase I trial

The combination of oblimersen, a bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide, and dacarbazine lead to superior progression-free survival in advanced melanoma patients. Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) has single-agent activity in melanoma. In a phase I trial, chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic melanoma and normal LDH levels were enrolled on 3 cohorts. The treatment regimen consisted of 56-day cycles of oblimersen (7 mg/kg/day continuous IV infusion on day 1–7 and 22–28 in cohort 1 and 2; 900 mg fixed dose, twice weekly in weeks 1–2, 4–5 for cohort 3), temozolomide (75 mg/m2, days 1–42), and nab-paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 in cohort 1 and 3, 260 mg/m2 in cohort 2 on day 7 and 28). Apoptosis markers were tested in pre- and post-treatment specimens of a subset of patients. Six grade 3 events (neutropenia, renal insufficiency, hyponatremia, elevated creatinine, allergic reaction, and neuropathy) and 2 grade 4 events (neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) were seen in 32 patients. The objective response rate was 40.6 % (2 complete responses and 11 partial responses) and 11 patients had stable disease, for a disease control rate of 75 %. The combination of oblimersen, temozolomide, and nab-paclitaxel was well tolerated and demonstrated encouraging activity in patients with advanced melanoma.
Modeling and simulation of bipolar junction transistors using the theories of thermodynamics

The bipolar junction transistor is modeled using the thermodynamic theories. The main reason for using the thermodynamic theories is to ensure that the law of conservation of energy is maintained. Violating such a fundamental law is expected to result in errors in simulating the device performance. Although using some empirical parameters can reduce the severity of such deviations, such a process requires some guessing that cannot be guaranteed to be accurate in all cases. Using the thermodynamic theories, the transistor I–V relationships were derived and the device characteristics were simulated. The results show that the proposed model can predict the device performance without using empirical fitting parameters.
In-situ observations of magnetospheric electron scattering by a VLF transmitter

Abstract High resolution pitch angle measurements of outer zone electrons in the energy range 12 keV−1.6 MeV were obtained at high altitude in the region of the high power VLF transmitter UMS [300 kW radiated at 17.1 kHz ( Watt A. D. , 1967, VLF Radio Engineering , Pergamon Press, Oxford)] while a resonant wave-particle interaction was in progress. Additional complementary electron measurements in the range of 36–316 keV were obtained in the drift loss cone by another satellite at low altitude along the drift path 75° east of the interaction region. The data from the low-altitude satellite confirm that UMS was precipitating particles in the inner zone, in the slot, and in the outer zone at the time that the high-altitude satellite was obtaining its data. The high-altitude pitch angle distributions indicate that, for this event, two types of scattering interactions were in progress. Particles with small pitch angles, up to 17.2° at the Equator, were being removed, resulting in an enhanced loss cone. Particles which were mirroring between 6500 km and the altitude of the spacecraft (7200) km were also being strongly scattered, resulting in a relative minimum in the pitch angle distribution around 90°. The data are interpreted as indicating that a cyclotron mode interaction with UMS waves was precipitating electrons with equatorial pitch angles up to 17.2° and that another process, perhaps electrostatic (ES) waves arising from the UMS radiations through a mode-conversion process, was present in the region above 6500 km and was efficiently scattering those particles which mirrored in that region
Effects of chronic lead ingestion in adult rats

Adult rats were given lead (0.27% Pb) in their drinking water and compared with pair-fed controls on several behavior problems: spontaneous alternation and two learning problems with three reversals of each. The lead-treated animals had reduced rates of spontaneous alternation and difficulty in changing behavior when the cues signaling reward and nonreward were reversed. In addition, animals without much handling showed exaggerated responsiveness. These changes are similar, but less extreme, than those seen in neonates treated with lead. The development of a peripheral absorption barrier may account for the reduced sensitivity of adults to lead poisoning relative to similar poisoning with younger subjects.
Cognitive complexity‐simplicity as a determinant of communication effectiveness

This study hypothesized that cognitively complex individuals would be more effective than cognitively simple individuals at accomplishing a communication dependent task. Analysis revealed that messages (generated by an exercise with tinker toy models and a password game) of complex individuals were more effective than the messages of comparatively simple individuals.
A pilot study of botulinum toxin A for headache in cervical dystonia.

Objective.—To evaluate the prevalence of associated headache (HA) pain with craniocervical dystonia and the therapeutic effect of BoNT-A injections on the HA component when injected for cervical dystonia. Background.—HA associated with craniocervical dystonia is a recent formally codified entity, but has not been systematically studied. Methods.—We identified 44 subjects from three movement disorder clinics who presented with craniocervical dystonia and concurrent HA pain. The subjects were injected with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and prospectively evaluated with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS), headache diaries, Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), along with HA pain anatomy and adverse events, at baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-injection. Results.—As expected, all aspects of the TWSTRS robustly improved. Headache diaries and the HIT-6 also improved at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-injection. Sections of the MIDAS improved, and adverse events were minimal. Conclusion.—BoNT-A safely improves headache associated with craniocervical dystonia when administered for the primary condition of craniocervical dystonia.
An electromagnetic model for eddy-current imaging

In this paper, a model is presented for the interaction between an eddy-current probe system and a localized flaw in a test piece. The model is expressed in terms of the electromagnetic fields generated by the probe in the absence of the flaw, which are evaluated on an imaging surface near or on the surface of the test piece. Assuming that the quasistatic fields scattered by the flaw are proportional to immittance coefficients that are independent of the probe position, explicit expressions for the point-spread functions of the probe are derived. Knowledge of these functions permits one to optimize probe design and identify appropriate image-processing techniques. In contrast with optical image processing, it is shown that more than one point-spread function may be required to characterize a flaw image produced by an eddy-current probe.
Long-Term Permeation Kinetics of Estradiol: (III) Kinetic Analyses of the Simultaneous Skin Permeation and Bioconversion of Estradiol Esters

AbstractThe skin permeation system developed earlier in this laboratory was utilized to study the kinetics of the simultaneous skin permeation and bioconversion of 5 estradiol esters. The equilibrium solubility of estradiol esters in the lipophilic silicone fluid and in hydrophilic PEG 400/saline solution was found to be dependent upon the alkyl chain length of the esters. Estradiol-3,17-diacetate had a greater solubility in silicone fluid and a lower solubility in PEG 400/saline solution than estradiol-17-acetate. The (skin/silicone fluid) partition coefficients were observed to decrease as the alkyl chain increased in length. During the course of skin permeation, the estradiol esters were metabolized by esterase to regenerate estradiol. The rate of appearance of estradiol from the estradiol esters was observed to be dependent upon the ester concentration on stratum corneum surface and to follow the order of: diacetate > valerate > heptanoate > cypionate > acetate. From the dermal uptake and metabolism s...
The Plumage Bill and Bird Protection

THE protection of beautiful and interesting birds is the object of Col. Yate's and Lord Aberdeen's Bill now before Parliament. The chief end is to close Great Britain (and presumably all parts of the British Empire controlled from London) as a market in which the plumage of wild birds (excepting eider down and ostrich feathers) may be bought and sold. The reasons for excepting the down of the eider duck and the plumes of the ostrich need scarcely be explained. The eider duck strips herself of the downy feathers she develops during the breeding season and lines her nest with them. This down can be obtained without injuring the bird, or even without depriving her nestlings, who leave the downy nest soon after birth. Such a large proportion of ostrich plumes is obtained from tame birds (and the wild ostrich chicks are so easily domesticated) that it is scarcely worth while pursuing, the wild bird for its feathers. Moreover, the plumes can be removed from the tame birds painlessly.
Analysis of translational parameters in cultured cells

Abstract A method is described for the measurement of protein synthesis parameters in cultured cells. Ribosome transit times, polyribosome size distribution and relative synthetic rates are measured on individual cultures of cells. This method is applied to an analysis of cycloheximide (1 μM) inhibition of protein synthesis in cultured mouse hepatoma cells.
Dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons innervate the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rat.

Stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) alters arterial pressure, heart rate and cerebral blood flow, yet projections from the DRN to medullary autonomic nuclei have not been described. We examined whether serotonergic (5-HT) projections from the DRN terminate in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) and if so, whether the projection mediates cardiovascular responses to DRN stimulation. Studies were performed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase or choleratoxin B was injected unilaterally or bilaterally into the RVL. Levels of 5-HT, its precursors L-tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan and the metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid were measured in the ventral medulla by HPLC three weeks following placement of electrolytic lesions in DRN. Serotonin transporter (3H-cyanoimipramine binding) was quantified by autoradiography in DRN-lesioned animals. Horseradish peroxidase or choleratoxin B injections into the medulla at the level of the RVL resulted in retrogradely labeled neurons bilaterally, with ipsilateral predominance, in the DRN. Labeled cells were preponderant in rostral ventrolateral portions of the DRN, but were also observed in the dorsal, lateral and interfascicular DRN subnuclei; fewer neurons were observed in caudal portions of the DRN. Three weeks following placement of electrolytic lesions in the DRN, the concentrations of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, but not L-tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan, were reduced in the medulla by 45 and 48%, respectively, compared to sham-operated or unoperated controls. DRN lesions reduced binding to the 5-HT transporter in the RVL by approximately 30% compared to unlesioned controls. Unilateral lesions of the RVL reduced the evoked blood pressure response by 53+/-15%; bilateral RVL lesions reduced the response by 86+/-9%. The increase in cortical blood flow elicited by DRN stimulation was unchanged after unilateral or bilateral RVL lesions. These studies demonstrate that there is a descending serotonergic projection from the DRN to the RVL. This projection may mediate autonomic changes elicited by DRN stimulation.
A Congruence Construct of User Involvement

The MIS literature has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between user involvement and MIS success; unfortunately, this research has produced conflicting results. Recent research on a discrepancy model of user involvement has provided a framework for reconciling studies showing positive, negative, or no impact of involvement on user satisfaction. In this discrepancy model, individual differences between perceived and desired levels of involvement define three conditional states or frames of reference that govern the relationship between involvement and end-user satisfaction. The discrepancy model indicates that studies of user involvement need to control for individual differences by dividing respondents into three groups corresponding to these conditional states. Building upon the discrepancy concept, this paper presents a congruence construct of user involvement (i.e., a measure of involvement “relative” to an individual's desire to get involved) as an alternative way of modeling this contingency relationship. The reliability and validity of the involvement congruence construct are assessed. Perceived and congruence constructs of involvement are compared as predictors of end-user computing satisfaction. The results suggest that involvement congruence is a better predictor than perceived involvement and may offer theoretical as well as empirical advantages over the use of component measures. Furthermore, the congruence method of modeling the discrepancy effect has research design advantages (i.e., it does not require dividing respondents by frame of reference).
Structure and Strategies in Children’s Educational Television: The Roles of Program Type and Learning Strategies in Children’s Learning

Educational TV has been consistently linked to children’s learning. In this research, educational TV characteristics were identified, coded, and tested for their influence on children’s program-specific comprehension and vocabulary outcomes. Study 1 details a content analysis of TV features including a program’s macrostructure (i.e., narrative or expository) and learning strategies embedded in the macrostructure that support learning in print-based contexts. In Study 2, regression analyses were used to predict outcomes involving 71 second and third graders (average age = 7.63 years). Strategies were categorized as organizing, rehearsing, elaborating, or affective in function. Outcomes were uniformly higher for narrative macrostructures. Strategies used in narratives predicted relatively homogenous relations across outcomes, whereas strategies in expositories predicted quite heterogeneous relations across outcomes.