cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Poverty and Family Stress Over Three Decades on the Functional Status of Older African American Women

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cumulative effects of poverty and family stressors to the later life functional status of African American women. Methods. We used longitudinal data covering a 30-year period for a cohort of 553 African American women with common life experiences. Interviews were conducted with these women as young mothers, as mothers of adolescents, and in early old age (two thirds aged 60þ). We classified women as high, usual, or low functioning by using physical and mental health indicators. We examined both timing and duration of poverty and family stressors. Results. Initially these women were largely healthy, but health declines were steeper and occurred earlier for those who were low functioning in later life. Persistent poverty was detrimental to functioning at older ages, as was persistent family stress. Women who left poverty early did not differ in later life functioning from women who were never poor. Discussion. Despite similar earlier life circumstances and health, there was substantial heterogeneity in functioning in early old age. Long-term poverty and family stress were strongly associated with being low functioning. Early poverty and transient family problems did not have lasting health effects, underscoring the plasticity of human development and the importance of interventions that can alter life course trajectories.
Evidence for a physical linkage between galactic cosmic rays and regional climate time series

The effects of solar variability on regional climate time series were examined using a sequence of physical connections between total solar irradiance (TSI) modulated by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), and ocean and atmospheric patterns that affect precipitation and streamflow. The solar energy reaching the Earth’s surface and its oceans is thought to be controlled through an interaction between TSI and GCRs, which are theorized to ionize the atmosphere and increase cloud formation and its resultant albedo. High (low) GCR flux may promote cloudiness (clear skies) and higher (lower) albedo at the same time that TSI is lowest (highest) in the solar cycle which in turn creates cooler (warmer) ocean temperature anomalies. These anomalies have been shown to affect atmospheric flow patterns and ultimately affect precipitation over the Midwestern United States. This investigation identified a relation among TSI and geomagnetic index aa (GI-AA), and streamflow in the Mississippi River Basin for the period 1878–2004. The GI-AA was used as a proxy for GCRs. The lag time between the solar signal and streamflow in the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Missouri is approximately 34 years. The current drought (1999–2007) in the Mississippi River Basin appears to be caused by a period of lower solar activity that occurred between 1963 and 1977. There appears to be a solar ‘‘fingerprint’’ that can be detected in climatic time series in other regions of the world, with each series having a unique lag time between the solar signal and the hydroclimatic response. A progression of increasing lag times can be spatially linked to the ocean conveyor belt, which may transport the solar signal over a time span of several decades. The lag times for any one region vary slightly and may be linked to the fluctuations in the velocity of the ocean conveyor belt. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR.
Truncation of the mixed Cauer form The best approximation in a definite mathematical sense

The mathematical basis for the approximation technique involving truncation of the mixed Cauer form is presented and its superiority through the entire frequency range of the system response is established.
T‐helper type 2 polarization among asthmatics during and following pregnancy

Summary Background Asthma is the most common medical condition during pregnancy. While increased production of T helper cytokines has been reported to occur in both asthma and pregnancy, the effect of T-helper type 2 (Th2) polarization on asthma symptoms during pregnancy has not been well-characterized. Objective We hypothesized that systemic Th2 cytokine and chemokine polarization occurs among asthmatics to a greater extent during their pregnancy, and is associated with more severe asthma and increased Th2 polarization in the newborn. Methods Fifty-six pregnant asthmatics were recruited from prenatal clinics affiliated with New York Presbyterian Hospital. Systemic production of interleukin-4, interferon-γ, eotaxin and IP10 were measured by intracytoplasmic staining or ELISA at recruitment, peripartum and post-partum, and in the cord blood. The frequency of asthma symptoms was measured by questionnaires and compared with Th biomarkers. Results The chemokine ratio (IP10/eotaxin) declined over the course of pregnancy (from 3.3±1.3 to 1.4±0.2, P=0.016), but IP10 and eotaxin increased post-partum. The decrease in the chemokine ratio was associated with more frequent asthma symptoms. A non-significant trend towards decreased interferon-γ and increased interleukin-4 production was detected. Cord blood eotaxin levels correlated with maternal levels (r=0.35, P=0.03). Other peripartum biomarkers were not associated with Th2 polarization nor with subsequent respiratory symptoms in the newborn. Conclusions IP10/eotaxin declined over the course of pregnancy and was associated with worse asthma symptoms. Alterations of Th1/Th2 chemokine balance during pregnancy may identify women prone to more severe asthma during pregnancy.
Mesh for Stress Incontinence

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is quite common, such that about 50 % of women with urinary incontinence report SUI as their primary symptom. Once behavioral modifications and pelvic floor muscle training have failed, surgical management is the mainstay of treatment for SUI, and mid-urethral synthetic slings (MUSS) have been established as the surgical intervention of first choice. All commercially available MUSS are made from uncoated, knitted, macroporous, type 1 polypropylene mesh. With the evolution of mesh, the evolution of the surgical treatment of SUI has evolved in tandem. The popularity of MUSS has come under scrutiny with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA’s) public health notification. While the FDA has not yet released its final recommendations on these devices, the American Urological Association has adopted position statements on the use of mesh for the surgical treatment of SUI.
Latex aging: The effects of coalescing agents and thermal annealing on the morphology of composite latex particles

Many composite polymer latices are produced with nonequilibrium particle morphologies and these can be prone to structural changes with the time of storage. Here we report on the use of coalescing agents, and separately thermal annealing to follow the morphology changes with aging time. Two coalescing agents with very different water solubilities were used to plasticize the latex polymers. During months of storage time the polymer particles were analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. A parallel set of aging experiments were carried out for the same latices where the change agent was simple thermal annealing. Both latex and dry polymer samples were annealed at temperatures above 100 °C and for various periods of time. Both sets of experiments lead to the conclusion that when the aging temperature is at or above the effective glass transition temperature (taking into account solvent plasticization) of the glassiest of the polymers in a two-component latex, morphological change can be rather fast and easily characterized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1583–1589, 2011
Fermentation Strategies for Recombinant Protein Expression in the Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia pastoris

Fermentation strategies for recombinant protein production inPichia pastoris have been investigated and are reviewed here. Characteristics of the expression system, such as phenotypes and carbon utilization, are summarized. Recently reported results such as growth model establishment, application of a methanol sensor, optimization of substrate feeding strategy, DOstat controller design, mixed feed technology, and perfusion and continuous culture are discussed in detail.
Pre-Integrated Non-Equilibrium Combustion-Response Mapping for Gas-Turbine Emissions

In gas-turbine combustion the gas-dynamic and chemical-energy-release mechanisms have comparable time scales, so that equilibrium chemistry is inadequate for predicting species formation (emissions). In current practice either equilibrium chemical reactions are coupled with experimentally derived empirical equations, or time-consuming computations are used. Coupling non-equilibrium chemistry, fluid-dynamic, and initial- and boundary-condition equations results in large sets of numerically stiff equations; and their time integration demands enormous computational resources. The response modeling approach has been used successfully for large reaction sets. This paper makes two new contributions. First it shows how pre-integration of the heat-release maps eliminates the stiffness of the equations. This is a new modification to the response mapping approach, and it performs satisfactorily for non-diffusion systems. Second the theoretical framework is further extended to predict species formation in cases with diffusion, which is applicable to gas-turbine combustion systems and others. The methodology to implement this approach to reacting systems, and to gas turbine combustion, is presented. The benefits over other reaction-mapping techniques are discussed.Copyright © 2001 by ASME
Therapeutic potential of immune privileged Sertoli cells

Sertoli Cells (SCs) in the testes have evolved to possess unique immune privileged properties to protect the developing germ cells from immunological attack. These immune privileged properties are not restricted to the testis, as SCs survive when transplanted across immunological barriers as allo- and xeno-grafts. Here we discuss the therapeutic potential of transplanted SCs in protecting cells, tissues or organs, which could be paramount in the field of transplantation to treat lifethreatening diseases. Similar to the testis, transplanted SCs inhibit and/or modulate the immune response locally (at the transplant site) or systemically. Protection of transplanted cells, present in close vicinity of SCs, along with reduction of inflammation at the transplant site support that SC can inhibit and/or modulate the immune response locally. While protection of skin, islets in the contralateral kidney, and organs by SCs support their role in inducing systemic tolerance. Additionally, amelioration of autoimmune diseases, specifically type 1 diabetes mellitus, further supports this notion. Studies exploring SCs role as a vehicle for the cell based gene therapy further widens the horizon of SCs therapeutic potential in transplantation.
Covariant conservation laws in general relativity

A set of covariant conservation laws is constructed in the general theory of relativity. Their relationship to the generators of infinitesimal coordinate transformations is indicated. In a given coordinate system certain of these quantities may be naturally identified as energy and momentum. We can continue to recognize these conserved quantities in all coordinate systems due to the covariant character of the expressions.
A Subjective Logic Framework for Multi-Document Summarization

In this paper we propose SubSum, a subjective logic framework for sentence-based extractive multi-document summarization. Document summaries perceived by humans are subjective in nature as human judgements of sentence relevancy are inconsistent and laden with uncertainty. SubSum captures this uncertainty and extracts significant sentences from a document cluster to generate extractive summaries. In particular, SubSum represents the sentences of a document cluster as propositions and computes opinions, a probability measure containing secondary uncertainty, for these propositions. Sentences with stronger opinions are considered more significant and used as candidate sentences. The key advantage of SubSum over other techniques is its ability to quantify uncertainty. In addition, SubSum is a completely unsupervised approach and is highly portable across different domains and languages.
Variation and Trends in Anaphylaxis Care in United States Children's Hospitals.

Objectives We sought to determine the extent of variation in treatment of children with anaphylaxis. Methods We identified children 1 month to 18 years of age presenting with a primary diagnosis of anaphylaxis to one of the 35 pediatric hospitals included in the Pediatric Health Information System between January 1, 2009, and September 30, 2013. We evaluated the variation in use of β2 agonists, glucocorticoids, histamine-1 (H1) antagonists, histamine-2 (H2) antagonists, inhaled epinephrine, intravenous fluids, and oxygen. We assessed whether variation exists in the rates of hospitalization and 3-day emergency department (ED) revisits and whether a temporal trend exists in the ED visit rate for anaphylaxis. Results Among 10,351 children with anaphylaxis, the hospital-level median use of common anaphylaxis therapies varied for β2 agonists (22%, interquartile range [IQR] = 16%–26%), glucocorticoids (71%, IQR = 65%–76%), H1 blockers (60%, IQR = 57%–65%), H2 blockers (53%, IQR = 36%–64%), inhaled epinephrine (2.2%, IQR = 1.3%–3.5%), intravenous fluids (26%, IQR = 13%–41%), and oxygen (2.6%, IQR = 0.8%–4.1%). Hospitalization rates ranged from 12% to 95%, with a median rate of 41%. Anaphylaxis diagnoses rose from 5.7 to 11.7 patients per 10,000 ED visits between 2009 and 2013 (p < 0.001 for trend). Conclusions There is substantial variability in the use of common therapies and hospitalization rates for children cared for in U.S. children's hospitals. Additionally, ED visits for children with anaphylaxis are increasing at U.S. children's hospitals. These findings highlight the need for research defining optimal care for anaphylaxis.
Undocumented Students' Experiences with Microaggressions during Their College Choice Process.

Background/ContextAlthough millions of undocumented students are enrolled in and guaranteed free public K—12 education, their postsecondary education opportunities are stifled. Some of the barriers...
Charge transfer and electron-phonon coupling in monolayer FeSe on Nb-doped SrTiO 3

Monolayer films of FeSe grown on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ substrates are electron doped relative to bulk and exhibit a significantly higher superconducting transition temperature. An interaction of electrons in the FeSe layer with ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ phonons has been suggested. We present density functional calculations and a modified Schottky model incorporating the strong paraelectricity of ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$, which demonstrate that the doping may be due to charge transfer from ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ impurity bands driven by work-function mismatch. Physically relevant levels of Nb doping are shown to lead to doping of the FeSe compatible with observation. The coupling of electrons in FeSe to polar phonons in the depletion region of the ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ is calculated. An electron-phonon coupling strength ${\ensuremath{\lambda}=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\partial}\text{Re}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}/\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\omega}|}_{\ensuremath{\omega}=0}\ensuremath{\sim}0.4$ is found; the coupling to long-wavelength phonons is found to be dominant.
Describing Truck Driver Eye, Head, Stomach, Knee and Seat Locations in Heavy Truck Space

Photogram metric data collected in the SAE U.S. Truck Driver Anthropometric and Workspace Study were used to develop functional workspace models to describe where truck driver eyes, heads, stomachs...
Abstract LB-339: Claudin-7 increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin in human NCI-H522 lung cancer cells

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death for both men and women worldwide. The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is only 15%, and it accounts for approximately 1.4 million deaths every year. Recently, it has been reported that changes in expression level of claudin proteins, a family of tight junction integral membrane proteins, has been associated with several types of cancer tissues. Claudin proteins are vital components of the tight junction complex, playing a crucial role in maintaining cell polarity, adhesion, and paracellular permeability. Studies have illustrated that claudin-7 expression is lost in head, neck, invasive breast cancer, and certain types of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of claudin-7 in human lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells. We transfected claudin-7 cDNA tagged with myc into NCI-H522 cells, which have no detectable expression of claudin-7. H522 cells transfected with vector alone were used as a control. Claudin-7 expression in transfected cells was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy probing for claudin-7 and myc tag. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that cells transfected with claudin-7 had a significantly higher percentage of cell apoptosis when compared to that of the vector transfected cells. Cell viability analyzed by MTT assays was significantly decreased, and cell apoptosis by Annexin V assays was significantly increased in claudin-7 transfected cells compared to that of vector transfected cells after cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug clinically used to treat tumors in several tissues including lung tumors. Furthermore, we found that claudin-7 transfected cells exhibited upregulation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. We propose that claudin-7 expression in H522 lung cancer cells increases chemosensitivity to cisplatin through increased activation of the caspase pathway. This work is supported by NIEHS. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-339.
Fibronectin patterning of viscous polymer films by microcontact printing

In working towards the goal of mimicking multiple features of the extracellular matrix (ECM), we developed a strategy to create adhesive protein patterns on polymer films with tunable viscous characteristics. The block copolymer films are generated by interfacial self-assembly with the presentation of dopant homopolymer, since the concentration of the latter is known to affect the lateral mobility of the film. The supported polymer films are subsequently surfacemodified by microcontact printing using fibronectin (FN), yielding material surfaces which can potentially display independent control over mechanical and adhesive properties. This work demonstrates a new method for the design of materials with the potential to recapitulate the viscous component of the ECM in future in vitro studies.
Modeling of a Regional Hub Reception Center to improve the speed of an urban area evacuation

The city of Chicago, Illinois is making strides to become more prepared for large-scale disasters. One idea is called a Regional Hub Reception Center (RHRC), which converts an existing facility into a temporary shelter for evacuees in the event of a 10-kiloton nuclear blast being detonated in the center of downtown. The RHRC will provide the evacuees with basic needs and register them for assignment at a more permanent shelter. The Regional Catastrophic Planning Team needs to know if its estimates for time, personnel, and resources are accurate. The best and most reliable way to test what will be needed is to perform simulations. However, large full-scale simulations are time consuming and expensive. A computer-generated model, however, can accurately simulate many variables and scenarios to test the RHRC quickly, cheaply, and repetitively to make it more effective if used. A computer modeling software tool, called AnyLogic, is a multi-paradigm modeling program that allows users to build agent-based, discrete event, and system dynamics models. The modeling paradigm that best suits the simulation of an RHRC is discrete event modeling. This is because a discrete event model represents a chronological sequence of events. When an event occurs in a discrete event model, it represents a change to the entire system. An RHRC is a chronological sequence of events and a system of systems that are constantly changing. As evacuees move through the RHRC, they flow through a predefined set of points, ranging from registration, to care, to shelter assignment, and many others. The data provided is supported by research or by personal field experience where research has not yet been performed. A model is a simulation of the real world. Though it does not represent the 100% of the variables that could occur in an actual simulation, it takes into consideration as many as possible to provide the most accurate results. The RHRC AnyLogic model is a simulation that estimates resource needs and processes of an RHRC. The RHRC model created to support this paper was developed using data collected by all students in Dr. J. Eric Dietz's Homeland Security Seminar graduate level class at Purdue University in the spring semester of 2012. The purpose of this study is to determine if the goals of the Regional Catastrophic Planning Team are attainable based upon the data collected.
Antiangiogenic Therapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer

Antiangiogenesis therapy is one of only 2 biologically targeted approaches shown to improve overall survival over standard of care in advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Therapeutic targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 improves overall survival in patients with previously treated advanced gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma. No antiangiogenesis therapy has demonstrated an overall survival benefit in patients with chemo-naive or resectable esophagogastric cancer or in patients whose tumors arise from the esophagus. Promising ongoing clinical investigations include the combination of antiangiogenesis therapy with immune checkpoint inhibition and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapy.
Comparison of the Safety and Effectiveness of Apixaban versus Warfarin in Patients with Severe Renal Impairment: An Alternative Viewpoint

We thank Dr. Stanton and colleagues for their great work evaluating the clinical outcomes of apixaban in patients with severe renal dysfunction, ultimately concluding apixaban is a reasonable alternative to warfarin.1 One question that clinicians should ask before applying this conclusion to clinical practice is what dose of apixaban should be used? The authors note that patients were primarily receiving apixaban 2.5 mg twice/day but gave no further breakdown based upon indication or level of renal dysfunction. The current FDA labeled dose of apixaban for hemodialysis patients (26.1% of the study population), is 5 mg twice/day (2.5mg twice/day if age ≥80 years or body weight ≤60 kg) for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).1,2 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Concepts and Methods of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Applied to Biomembranes.

Concepts of solid-state NMR spectroscopy and applications to fluid membranes are reviewed in this paper. Membrane lipids with 2H-labeled acyl chains or polar head groups are studied using 2H NMR to yield knowledge of their atomistic structures in relation to equilibrium properties. This review demonstrates the principles and applications of solid-state NMR by unifying dipolar and quadrupolar interactions and highlights the unique features offered by solid-state 2H NMR with experimental illustrations. For randomly oriented multilamellar lipids or aligned membranes, solid-state 2H NMR enables direct measurement of residual quadrupolar couplings (RQCs) due to individual C–2H-labeled segments. The distribution of RQC values gives nearly complete profiles of the segmental order parameters SCD(i) as a function of acyl segment position (i). Alternatively, one can measure residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) for natural abundance lipid samples to obtain segmental SCH order parameters. A theoretical mean-torque model...
To What Extent Should Public Corporations Be Consolidated? Considering the Effects on Public Deficit and Debt in Spanish Municipalities

The consolidation perimeter of the public sector is the most important line between the micro and macro systems of government accounting. This paper focuses on the public sector boundary and assesses the potential impact on key reported figures – such as the ‘Maastricht’ deficit and debt ratios – that would result from moving public corporations inside the perimeter of the consolidated general government sector, public corporations that currently lie outside the general government sector. After examining 90 Spanish local governments with populations of over 50,000 during the 2010-2012 period, our results show that including public corporations within the general government sector perimeter leads to substantial differences in deficit and debt ratios, and that these differences significantly increase the number of municipalities in violation of fiscal limits imposed by the government. We also find that municipalities’ pre- and post-consolidation debt ratios are significantly different depending on the ruling party’s political ideology.
The Eternal Dissident: Rabbi Leonard I. Beerman and the Radical Imperative to Think and Act

Open access to this title is possible thanks to the generous support of Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. The Eternal Dissident offers rare insight into one of the most inspiring and thought-provoking Reform rabbis of the twentieth century, Leonard Beerman, who was renowned both for his eloquent and challenging sermons and for his unrelenting commitment to social action. Beerman was a man of powerful word and action—a probing intellectual and stirring orator, as well as a nationally known opponent of McCarthyism, racial injustice, and Israeli policy in the occupied territories. The shared source of Beerman’s thought and activism was the moral imperative of the Hebrew prophets, which he believed bestowed upon the Jewish people their role as the “eternal dissident.” This volume brings Beerman to life through a selection of his most powerful writings, followed by commentaries from notable scholars, rabbis, and public personalities that speak to the quality and ongoing relevance of Beerman’s work. “David Myers is one of the leaders in the field and eminently qualified as editor. His scholarly reputation is stellar, and his own knowledge and work in progressive Jewish political circles puts him on a national stage.” MARC DOLLINGER, author of Black Power, Jewish Politics: Reinventing the Alliance in the 1960s “Religion is not in the United States or for that matter elsewhere in the world only or exclusively the domain of the political right. The Eternal Dissident shows us a genealogy, a legacy of alliance politics that is theologically and ethically bound to a shared vision of social justice.” LAURA LEVITT, Professor of Religion, Jewish Studies, and Gender, Temple University, and author of American Jewish Loss after the Holocaust
On the Influence of Emotion on Decision Making: The Case of Charitable Giving

This chapter summarizes and discusses methodologies and findings of recent research focused on the influence of emotion on decision-making in general and charitable giving in particular. Exploring how appraisal theory findings carry over to the decision of charitable giving, we experimentally examine the influence of incidental sadness and anger on charitable donations to an identified or a statistical victim. First, subjects viewed a previously validated film clip and provided a written response to how they would feel in the situation in the clip. Subjects then viewed a charity letter and had the opportunity to make a donation. Overall, participants in both the sad and angry conditions donated more than participants in the control condition. Sad individuals donated more money to a statistical victim relative to individuals in a neutral condition. This finding is consistent with appraisal-tendency theories. Angry individuals, however, did not donate significantly more to either an identified or statistical victim relative to individuals in a neutral condition. Self-reported emotions reveal discrete levels of sadness elicited in the sad condition, but elevated levels of additional negative emotions in the anger conditions.
Variational Methods in Non-Convex Plasticity

We show how the theory of crystals with microstructure developed by Ortiz et al. can be applied to predict salient aspects of the body of experimental data compiled by Hughes et al. regarding lamellar dislocation structures in crystals deformed to large strains. The theory correctly predicts the statistics of misorientation angles and lamellar boundary spacings; and the scaling of the average misorientation and spacing with increasing macroscopic strain.
An Independent Component Analysis Approach to Motion Noise Cancelation of Cardio-Mechanical Signals

This paper proposes a new framework for measuring sternal cardio-mechanical signals from moving subjects using multiple sensors. An array of inertial measurement units are attached to the chest wall of subjects to measure the seismocardiogram (SCG) from accelerometers and the gyrocardiogram (GCG) from gyroscopes. A digital signal processing method based on constrained independent component analysis is applied to extract the desired cardio-mechanical signals from the mixture of vibration observations. Electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography modalities are evaluated as reference sources for the constrained independent component analysis algorithm. Experimental studies with 14 young, healthy adult subjects demonstrate the feasibility of extracting seismo- and gyrocardiogram signals from walking and jogging subjects, with speeds of 3.0 mi/h and 4.6 mi/h, respectively. Beat-to-beat and ensemble-averaged features are extracted from the outputs of the algorithm. The beat-to-beat cardiac interval results demonstrate average detection rates of 91.44% during walking and 86.06% during jogging from SCG, and 87.32% during walking and 76.30% during jogging from GCG. The ensemble-averaged pre-ejection period (PEP) calculation results attained overall squared correlation coefficients of 0.9048 from SCG and 0.8350 from GCG with reference PEP from impedance cardiogram. Our results indicate that the proposed framework can improve the motion tolerance of cardio-mechanical signals in moving subjects. The effective number of recordings during day time could be potentially increased by the proposed framework, which will push forward the implementation of cardio-mechanical monitoring devices in mobile healthcare.
Peripheral Blood or Bone Marrow Stem Cells? Practical Considerations in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Although peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) have worldwide become the predominant source of progenitor cells for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), debate about their role compared with bone marrow (BM) has recently intensified, in large part based on the results of a multicenter Clinical Trials Network study which showed lower incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and improved quality of life in recipients of myeloablative HLA-matched unrelated BM compared with PBSC transplants. However, in certain patient populations, PBSC may lead to improved clinical outcomes due to faster hematologic recovery, a lower risk of graft failure, and possibly a lower probability of relapse. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of studies comparing PBSC with BM as the graft source in terms of acute and chronic GVHD incidence, time to engraftment, and disease-free and overall survival probabilities after HLA-matched related and unrelated donor transplantation and haploidentical donor transplantation. Recommendations based on these studies regarding the use of PBSC versus BM for HSCT are offered.
EFFICACY OF REFLEXIVE NEUROMUSCULAR STABILIZATION DURING TREATMENT OF SCAPULAR DYSKINESIA IN AN OVERHEAD ATHLETE: A CASE REPORT.

Background and purpose Shoulder injuries are common amongst overhead athletes. Dysfunctional motor patterns (scapular dyskinesis) may be the cause or result. Improperly treated, they can sideline athletes or reduce quality of life. Current treatment protocols are lengthy and may result in recurrence. Individualization of treatment is key. Functional tests, like the Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA), help discern and properly identify dysfunction, paving the way for interventions like reflexive neuromuscular stabilization (RNS). RNS focuses on restoring proper motor control and may positively influence healing. The purpose of this case report is to describe an evaluation and treatment strategy for scapular dysfunction in an overhead athlete. Case description The subject was a 16-year-old, multi-sport athlete in the high school setting. He presented with upper back pain during his sophomore baseball season. Clinical findings upon examination included but were not limited to irregular scapular positioning as compared bilaterally, dysfunctional scapular movement patterns, soft tissue muscular irritability and loss of glenohumeral (GH) ROM in internal and external rotation, flexion and abduction. Intervention consisted of a combination of positional release therapy and reflexive neuromuscular stabilization aided by some traditional therapeutic modalities. Outcomes The combination of conservative treatments and RNS provided relief of the subject's symptoms in a shorter time frame, three treatments over the course of six days, than just utilizing traditional protocols. The utilization of the paired treatments resulted in diminished pain, restored ROM and improvement in perceived fluidity (speed and stability) of motion as observed by the clinician. A minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was reported on the disablement of the physically active scale (DPAs) on all follow-up treatments as well as on the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) after the first and second treatments. The minimal detectable change (MDC) requirement was met on the patient specific functional scale (PSFS) prior to the second and third treatment. The activities measured with the PSFS were: GH flexion, GH abduction and throwing a baseball. Discussion In this case report, the use of the SFMA along with a traditional orthopedic examination allowed for proper identification and location of the dysfunctional motor patterns. The coupling of a traditional modality like the moist heat pack, with PRT and RNS proved to be a beneficial treatment combination for this subject as it provided a clinically meaningful resolution of his condition. Even though current literature suggests that treatment for scapular dysfunction is comprised of three phases over the course of ten weeks, clinicians should focus on the individualization of the treatment, possibly utilizing novel interventions like PRT and RNS. Level of evidence 4 Case Report.
The effect of increasing power when grooving using phacoemulsification.

Purpose To determine optimal power settings on the Centurion Vision System during the grooving step in cataract surgery. Methods Intact porcine lenses hardened by formalin and placed in a chamber designed to simulate the anterior chamber of the eye were used to test longitudinal power at 40%, 70%, and 100% and torsional power at 0%. Flow rate was set at 40 mL/min. Vacuum was set at 400 mmHg, intraocular pressure was set at 50 mmHg, and a balanced phacoemulsification tip with a 20 degree tip and a 30 degree bevel was used. Efficiency (time to groove the lens in half) was determined. Results Increasing longitudinal power from 40% to 70% increased efficiency by 28% (P<0.05), and by 32% (P<0.05) when increasing longitudinal power from 40% to 100%. There was no statistically significant increase in efficiency from 70% to 100%. Conclusion For the tested variables, a longitudinal power of 70% was determined to be most efficient during the grooving step of cataract surgery for equivalent 3-4+ nuclei. Further increases in power demonstrated no statistically significant improvement in efficiency.
Embedded Memories for Silicon-In-Package: Optimization of Memory Subsystem from IoT to Machine Learning

Traditional memory subsystem consisting of SRAM, DRAM and SSD/HDD has served the needs of electronics industry for decades. With the rapid increase in Graphics, IoT and Machine Learning applications, several new memories have been innovated to optimize the memory hierarchy. Optane memory is deployed to close the performance/area gap between DRAM and SSD. Similarly, embedded DRAM inserted in products as L4 Cache to close the gap between SRAM and DRAM. Lately, MRAM and ReRAM are also brought to reality to target wide range of applications, covering embedded Non-Volatile Memory and Flash buffer at platform level. This talk will go through these innovate memories and how one needs to optimize the memory subsystem for the best application. There's no memory that fits all, but design and architecture opportunities exist for targeted applications.
First report of leaf spot on Cucurbita pepo caused by Fusarium incarnatum‐equiseti species complex in Jamaica

Cucurbita pepo is the most economically important species in the genus Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) and is grown worldwide. Yellow-orange-fleshed varieties, known as curry pumpkin, are produced in Jamaica, and in particular the variety Bodles …
Spatial cognition, navigation, and mobility among children in a forager-horticulturalist population, the Tsimané of Bolivia

Abstract In many societies, males range farther than females, and this greater environmental experience may foster better spatial ability. Females are also reported to be more harm-avoidant, which may reduce spatial exploration. We evaluated these relationships among 6–18 year old Tsimane children, who live in a forager-horticulturalist society where both girls and boys have few constraints on spatial exploration compared to children in Western societies. Mobility was assessed through GPS tracking and interview, spatial ability through pointing accuracy, perspective-taking and mental rotation, and harm avoidance through interview. Few gender differences were found in mobility or spatial ability, although males pointed more accurately to challenging (high sinuosity) routes. Both girls and boys became more harm avoidant about travel risks as they got older, but there were few gender differences in harm avoidance. Schooling was associated with better performance on mental rotation but worse performance on regional pointing accuracy, probably because schooling limits outdoor spatial exploration.
Scientific understanding and felicitous legitimate falsehoods

Science is replete with falsehoods that epistemically facilitate understanding by virtue of being the very falsehoods they are. In view of this puzzling fact, some have relaxed the truth requirement on understanding. I offer a factive view of understanding (i.e., the extraction view) that fully accommodates the puzzling fact in four steps: (i) I argue that the question how these falsehoods are related to the phenomenon to be understood and the question how they figure into the content of understanding it are independent. (ii) I argue that the falsehoods do not figure into the understanding’s content by being elements of its periphery or core. (iii) Drawing lessons from case studies, I argue that the falsehoods merely enable understanding. When working with such falsehoods, only the truths we extract from them are elements of the content of our understanding. (iv) I argue that the extraction view is compatible with the thesis that falsehoods can have an epistemic value by virtue of being the very falsehoods they are.
Linear and nonlinear poroelastic analysis of swelling and drying behavior of gelatin-based hydrogels

Abstract The swelling and drying behavior of a gelatin-glycerol-water hydrogel are examined experimentally for different compositions and different environmental conditions. Significant asymmetry in the swelling and drying kinetics is observed from these measurements. The early time measurements are interpreted first within the context of a linear poroelastic theory, but a fully nonlinear Flory-Rehner theory is required in order to capture the long time behavior. Comparison of the experimental measurements with simulations based on both the linear and nonlinear constitutive models yields a consistent calibration of the material parameters of the models.
Apixaban in patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major global public health problem because it is increasing in prevalence and is associated with increased risk of stroke, dementia, heart failure and death [1, 2]. Stroke is associated with greatest mortality and morbidity in patients with AF. Strokes associated with AF are especially large and disabling, and consequently primary prevention is paramount [3]. Antithrombotic therapy is the mainstay of stroke prevention. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA’s) have been the standard anticoagulants in stroke prophylaxis for patients with AF for decades. Despite their effectiveness, they are limited by several factors such as narrow therapeutic index, drug- drug interactions, slow onset and offset of action, hemorrhage and routine anticoagulation monitoring to maintain therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR). During recent times, various novel anticoagulants have been developed to expand the therapeutic option for stroke prevention. Apixaban is a novel oral anticoagulant which has been developed and clinically investigated for prevention of stroke in AF patients. This review discusses the pharmacological properties, results of clinical trials investigating role of apixaban for prevention of stroke and its future potential in clinical practice.
Prognostic value of blasts in peripheral blood in myelofibrosis in the ruxolitinib era

BACKGROUND Circulating blasts (peripheral blood [PB] blasts) ≥1% have long been considered an unfavorable feature for patients with primary myelofibrosis. Whether further quantification of PB blasts and their correlation with bone marrow (BM) blasts have incremental value with regard to patient prognostication is unclear. Similarly, the role of the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (RUX) is not well defined in patients who have increased blasts. METHODS The authors retrospectively studied 1316 patients with myelofibrosis who presented at their institution between 1984 and 2018 and had available PB and BM blasts. RESULTS The PB blast percentage influenced overall survival (OS) only among patients who had BM blasts .05). Forty-four percent of patients received RUX throughout their disease course. All patients who had <10% blasts (PB or BM) and received treatment with RUX had superior OS compared with those who did not receive RUX within the same group. PB blasts ≥4% and BM blasts ≥5% were significant for predicting inferior survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The current results provide comprehensive insight into the role of peripheral blasts in patients with myelofibrosis and indicates that patients who have PB blasts ≥4% have an unfavorable prognosis. RUX provides a survival benefit to patients who have PB blasts <10%.
COVID-19 Concerns Among Persons With Mental Illness.

Objective:The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been recognized as causing a wide variety of behavioral health problems. Society must mitigate this impact by recognizing that COVID-19 can...
Research Designs and Literature in the Field of Visual Impairment: What Informs Our Practices?:

Introduction:This descriptive study identified types of articles published and research designs used in targeted special education journals. Articles in visual impairment (i.e., low vision or blind...
Sex hormones, SHBG and risk of colon and rectal cancer among men and women in the UK Biobank.

Abstract Background Experimental studies have suggested a role for sex hormones in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) but epidemiological data are inconclusive. Methods We examined the associations of testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), with risk of CRC (n = 3,247) in 206,508 men and 219,106 women enrolled in the UK Biobank. Participants were followed for a median of 7.1 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC risk. Results In men, in multivariable adjusted models testosterone and SHBG were not associated with CRC. Among men in the highest tertile of physical activity, SHBG was inversely associated with risk (HRq5 vs. q1 0.75, 0.56−0.99,). In women, testosterone and SHBG were not associated with CRC risk. There were no differences in the associations between testosterone, SHBG and CRC risk in the analyses stratified by menopausal status. We did not observe an association between estradiol and CRC risk; however, given the limited number of individuals with detectable values of estradiol (13.2 % of the total sample) we are unable to draw a firm conclusions regarding this association. Conclusion The results of this study did not provide support for associations of sex hormones and SHBG with CRC risk.
Teleproctoring for Neurovascular Procedures: Demonstration of Concept Using Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Display, Interactive Mixed Reality, and Virtual Space Sharing-A Critical Need Highlighted by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Physician training and onsite proctoring are critical for safely introducing new biomedical devices, a process that has been disrupted by the pandemic. A teleproctoring concept using optical see-through head-mounted displays with a proctor's ability to see and, more important, virtually interact in the operator's visual field is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Test conditions were created for simulated proctoring using a bifurcation aneurysm flow model for WEB device deployment. The operator in the angiography suite wore a Magic Leap-1 optical see-through head-mounted display to livestream his or her FOV to a proctor's computer in an adjacent building. A Web-based application (Spatial) was used for the proctor to virtually interact in the operator's visual space. Tested elements included the quality of the livestream, communication, and the proctor's ability to interact in the operator's environment using mixed reality. A hotspot and a Wi-Fi-based network were tested. RESULTS: The operator successfully livestreamed the angiography room environment and his FOV of the monitor to the remotely located proctor. The proctor communicated and guided the operator through the procedure over the optical see-through head-mounted displays, a process that was repeated several times. The proctor used mixed reality and virtual space sharing to successfully project images, annotations, and data in the operator's FOV for highlighting any device or procedural aspects. The livestream latency was 0.71 (SD, 0.03) seconds for Wi-Fi and 0.86 (SD, 0.3) seconds for the hotspot (P = .02). The livestream quality was subjectively better over the Wi-Fi. CONCLUSIONS: New technologies using head-mounted displays and virtual space sharing could offer solutions applicable to remote proctoring in the neurointerventional space.
Between gentrification and supergentrification: Hybrid processes of socio-spatial upscaling

The expansion of affluence and the financialization of real estate have marked socio-spatial urban inequality in the 21st century. These developments have contributed to the spread of gentrificatio...