cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Pore Formation on n-Type Silicon

The morphology of porous silicon formed on n‐type silicon by anodic dissolution in solution and its relation to the current‐potential characteristics are reported. An individual pore generally consists of three sections: a thin surface layer with pore size much smaller than in the bulk; an equidiameter main body; and a curved pore bottom, of which the radius of curvature is the smallest at the pore tip and increases from the tip to the wall. The i‐V characteristics and the calculation of the field distribution at the interface suggest that current flow during anodic polarization is caused by interface tunneling. The electric field at the curved pore bottom, which determines the tunneling current, is greatly increased due to the effect of curvature. Due to the difference in the radius of curvature along a pore bottom, the kind of reactions and the current density there also change. The distribution of the current density along the pore bottom then determines the pore diameter as well as the spacing between the pores. The effect of potential, pH, and dopant concentration on the morphology of porous silicon are also discussed.
Treatment Delay in Surgically-Treated Colon Cancer: Does It Affect Outcomes?

Treatment delay, or the time lapse between diagnosis and surgery, may have a detrimental effect on cancer outcomes. This study assesses the effect of treatment delay on cancer-related outcomes in a large, continuous series of surgically treated colon cancer patients. All surgical colon cancer cases at our center from 2004 through 2011 were reviewed. Patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy, emergency admissions, palliative cases, and incidental and postoperative diagnoses were excluded. Treatment delay was correlated with outcomes in univariate and multivariate regression and proportional hazards models. In 769 included patients, for every treatment-delay quartile increase, odds of death decreased by an odds ratio (OR) of 0.78 (p = 0.001), and metastatic recurrence by OR 0.78 (p = 0.013). Shorter survival duration had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 (p = 0.001) and shorter disease-free survival HR 0.72 (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression adjusting for baseline staging greatly reduces these ratios, and makes them non-significant. Similar patterns were shown in high-risk subsets, including stage III disease, ethnic minorities, patients with positive margins, and extramural vascular invasion. The inverse relation between treatment delay and survival and recurrence reflected adequate prioritization of advanced and high-risk cases and concurrently showed that, matched for stage and risk categories, treatment delay was not associated with worse cancer outcomes for patients with colon cancer. A reasonable delay between diagnosis and subsequent surgery is not detrimental to patient outcomes and permits more flexibility in scheduling and justifies allowing time to complete proper preoperative evaluation and staging, improving the quality and safety of resection and treatment.
Electronic structure of the tungsten pentacarbonylamine molecules

Abstract The tungsten hexacarbonyl amine derivatives, W(CO)5L, have been prepared for L = quinuclidine, cyclohexylamine, piperazine, piperidine and for dabco (1,4 diazobicyclo[2,2,2]-octane). The visible and near-u.v. absorption spectra of these derivatives are reported along with the results of a molecular orbital calculation which has been used to make assignments of the observed bands.
Total heart replacement by a single intrathoracic blood pump

Summary Initial trials of total heart replacement by a single artificial ventricle appear promising. Cardiac replacement by single ventricle is made possible by the use of a biologic circulatory shunt (i.e., superior vena cava-pulmonary artery anastomosis) and by draining the renal and hepatic veins directly into the left atrium. Eight experiments have been performed to evaluate this single pump system. These studies indicate that adequate arterial oxygenation and blood flow exist with these circulatory modifications. The longest experiment lasted 7 hours, 15 minutes. In that experiment, the dog's chest was closed and the animal was able to breathe spontaneously with respiratory assist. Bleeding has been the major postoperative problem. The single pump system has several advantages over previously described artificial hearts utilizing two blood pumps. These advantages are smaller size, greater reliability, fewer valves, lower energy requirement and a decreased hemolysis rate.
The South Asian presence in British electoral politics

Abstract In June 1987, the three majorrparties fielded twenty Britons of South Asian origins as candidates for elections to the House of Commons and one of them was elected to become the first South Asian Briton (SAB) to sit in the House since World War II. Using interview data, voting figures, and studies of past elections, this article analyses the 1987 elections to learn about each major political party's commitment to sending a SAB to the House; the electorate's willingness to elect a SAB; the South Asian British community's response to electoral politics in general and SAB prospective parliamentary candidates in particular; and the extent to which race played any role in the election.
AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES IN EUCHEUMA NUDUM (RHODOPHYTA)1

SUMMARY The predominant sulfated polysaccharide, ˛-carrageenan, was localized in the middle lamella of epidermal, cortical and medullary cells of Eucheumanudum J. Agardh. Autoradiographic studies with 35SO4= indicated that the label was first incorporated in the inner wall and ultimately deposited in the middle lamella of all cells, and in an outer wall layer of the epidermal cells. There was no evidence for cytoplasmic incorporation of the label. The middle lamella stained with alcian blue, was γ-metachromatic with toluidina blue O and bound diaminobenzidine-osmium tetroxide. This region was also positive with periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) ragent, possibly demonstrating cellulose and/or a nonsulfated precursor of ˛-carrageenan. A proposed model for extracellular sulfation includes production and secretion of a nonsulfated polygalactan and sulfotransferase enzyme(s) by the golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. Free sulfate in the wall would be bound to the precursor polysaccharide, with much of the resulting carrageenan migrating to the middle lamella facilitating mutual cell growth.
Enantioselective N-sulfinyl dienophile diels-alder cycloadditions

Abstract N-Sulfinyl carbamates prepared from phenylmenthol ( 1 ) and (+) -camphor- derived alcohol 10 display high enantioselectivity in TiCl 4 catalyzed [4+2] cycloadditions with 1,3-cyclohexadiene.
Technology Developments for the Image-Guided Suite of the Future

Minimally invasive procedures continue to increase in popularity because of the reduced trauma to the patient, shorter recovery times, and lower total costs. These procedures are often performed in an image-guided suite, where the physician uses x-ray imaging to look inside the body and manipulates surgical instruments through small openings. Since these procedures can be difficult, even for highly trained physicians, biomedical engineers need to develop appropriate technology to assist the physician in this environment. The goal of this concept paper is to present some relevant technology developments for the image-guided suite of the future, with a focus on the Interventional Radiology environment. The aim is to encourage open standards and open software as a means to leverage technical developments and create a "plug and play" environment where software and hardware components can be interchanged. These developments are aimed at providing better patient care with more consistent results and fewer medical errors.
Preparation of polyamides via the phosphorylation reaction. II. Modification of wholly aromatic polyamides with trifunctional monomers

The trifunctional monomers trimesic acid (TMA) and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DAB), each separately and in combination, were used in amounts of 2 to 5 mole-% in order to increase the molecular weight of aromatic polyamides prepared via the Yamazaki phosphorylation reaction. In general, under comparable conditions the use of DAB led to polymer having higher inherent viscosity (IV) values than did TMA. A typical polymer was the polyisophthalamide of 4,4′-methylenedianiline, MDA-I, prepared by the reaction at 100°C of 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA) with isophthalic acid (I) in N-methylpyrrolidione (containing 5% dissolved lithium chloride) and employing triphenyl phosphite as condensation agent with pyridine as catalyst. For molar substitutions of 0.0, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0% of DAB, MDA–I having IV values respectively of 1.1, 1.3, 1.9, and 2.3 was obtained. The latter two samples have IV values in the same range as those obtained for MDA–I prepared from MDA and isophthaloyl chloride in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) via the low-temperature polycondensation method, which prior experience has shown yields polymers that are quite suitable for the spinning of good fibers. At 5 mole-% substitution of DAB, an IV of 3.7 was obtained but a large quantity of gel particles was observed on dissolving the sample in DMAc containing 5% LiCl, indicating that considerable crosslinking had probably occurred. The rod-like polymer poly-p-benzamide (PPB) was prepared in similar fashion to MDA-I from p-aminobenzoic acid and IV values of respectively 1.6, 2.3, 3.8, and 3.9 were obtained when 0.0, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mole-% of mixed trifunctional monomers were present. A solution of the latter sample dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid contained considerable gel, indicating that crosslinked polymer was probably produced. It would appear that the chain branching approach for producing high molecular weight PPB for spinning to fibers will not prove useful because PPB having an IV value of about 3 to 4 is considered only marginal for the production of commercial-quality fibers (even though PPB of IV value 1.6 can be spun to high-strength/high-modulus fibers) and because the requisite balance of strength and modulus to elongation to break are only obtained for fibers from PPB having an IV value above about 3.5, and preferably about 5 to 6.
Restorative Justice in School Communities

In response to recent school violence, most schools in the United States have adopted increasingly punitive disciplinary policies. However, some schools have embraced restorative justice practices. This article explores the recent implementation of these practices in school communities in Minnesota, Colorado, and Pennsylvania, examining how school communities can make use of this approach to address drug and alcohol problems and how this approach may offer an alternative to zero-tolerance policies.
Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Data Analytics and Visualization

Multimillion-atom reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) and large quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations are used to investigate structural and dynamical correlations under highly nonequilibrium conditions and reactive processes in nanostructured materials under extreme conditions. This paper discusses four simulations: 1. RMD simulations of heated aluminum nanoparticles have been performed to study the fast oxidation reaction processes of the core (aluminum)-shell (alumina) nanoparticles and small complexes. 2. Cavitation bubbles readily occur in fluids subjected to rapid changes in pressure. We have used billion-atom RMD simulations on a 163,840-processor Blue Gene/P supercomputer to investigate chemical and mechanical damages caused by shock-induced collapse of nanobubbles in water near silica surface. Collapse of an empty nanobubble generates high-speed nanojet, resulting in the formation of a pit on the surface. The gas-filled bubbles undergo partial collapse and consequently the damage on the silica surface is mitigated. 3. Our QMD simulation reveals rapid hydrogen production from water by an Al superatom. We have found a low activation-barrier mechanism, in which a pair of Lewis acid and base sites on the Al n surface preferentially catalyzes hydrogen production. 4. We have introduced an extension of the divide-and-conquer (DC) algorithmic paradigm called divide-conquer-recombine (DCR) to perform large QMD simulations on massively parallel supercomputers, in which interatomic forces are computed quantum mechanically in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). A benchmark test on an IBM Blue Gene/Q computer exhibits an isogranular parallel efficiency of 0.984 on 786,432 cores for a 50.3 million-atom SiC system. As a test of production runs, LDC-DFT-based QMD simulation involving 16,661 atoms was performed on the Blue Gene/Q to study on-demand production of hydrogen gas from water using LiAl alloy particles.
The processing role of structural constraints on the interpretation of pronouns and anaphors.

The authors report 6 self-paced word-by-word reading studies of how morphosyntactic agreement, focus status, and the structural constraints of binding theory apply and interact during the online interpretation of pronouns (e.g., him, her) and anaphors (e.g., himself, each other). Previous studies held that structural conditions on coreference work as interpretive filters that impose exceptionless limits on which antecedent candidates can be evaluated by subsequent, content-based processes. These experiments instead support an interactive-parallel-constraint model, in which multiple weighted constraints (including constraints on binding) simultaneously influence the net activation of a candidate during preselection stages of antecedent evaluation. Accordingly, structurally inaccessible candidates can interfere with antecedent selection if they are both prominent in focus structure and gender-number compatible with the pronoun or anaphor.
Experimental comparison of peer-to-peer streaming overlays: An application perspective

We compare two representative streaming systems using mesh-based and multiple tree-based overlay routing through deployments on the PlanetLab wide-area experimentation platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare streaming overlay architectures in real Internet settings, considering not only intuitive aspects such as scalability and performance under churn, but also less studied factors such as bandwidth and latency heterogeneity of overlay participants. Overall, our study indicates that mesh-based systems are superior for nodes with high bandwidth capabilities and low round trip times, while multi-tree based systems currently cope better with stringent real time deadlines under heterogeneous conditions.
A verified integration of parallel programming paradigms in CC

CC++ is an object-oriented parallel programming language that uses parallel composition, atomic functions, and single-assignment variables to express concurrency. We show that this programming paradigm is equivalent to several traditional imperative communication and synchronization models, namely monitors and asynchronous channels. Furthermore, the object-oriented nature of CC++ provides an ideal framework for integrating these paradigms. We specify, implement, and formally verify a collection of libraries that integrates these traditional models with CC++. >
Engineering course design based on Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Principles: Incorporation of diverse constituencies and continuous improvement

This paper presents a systematic methodology that is essentially based on incorporating basic quality function deployment (QFD) principles into engineering course design. The aforementioned principles have been widely used in industry in conjunction with the basic philosophy of dasialean thinkingpsila so as to achieve the twin goals of quality enhancement and cost minimization. It is the authorspsila intention to extend an identical thought process to the field of education in an engineering setting. In the authorspsila view, this extension will enable incorporation of the voices of widely varying stakeholders including the community, industry, academicians etc into the basic course structure. This is especially important if the university in question is a regional university that caters to the needs of local communities as well as employers. Another advantage of implementing this thought process includes rigorous control of instruction quality across a wide spectrum of instructors thereby infusing much needed objectivity into basic course design. This advantage is afforded by the basic QFD methodology which is involved with quality at al stages, starting with its building phase and ending in an ongoing continuous improvement process. A pilot study is presented at the end in order to illustrate practical utility of the methodology.
Hospital privileges for psychologists in the era of competencies and increased accountability.

After campaigning to be granted hospital privileges decades ago, new issues are emerging that are affecting psychologists’ hospital privileges. Some of the forces shaping hospital privileges emanate from within the field of psychology, where there has been a movement to more closely examine psychologists’ competences. Other forces impinging on hospital privileges are external to psychology, most notably the Joint Commission, which has promulgated new standards for hospital-based practitioners across disciplines. This article discusses the effects of these new standards on the practice of psychology and describes the findings of a survey examining how privileges are currently obtained and maintained within hospitals.
Assignment of a locus for dominantly inherited venous malformations to chromosome 9p

Venous malformation is the most common type of vascular anomaly. Depending upon size and location, these slow-flow anomalies may cause pain, anatomic distortion, or threaten life. Most venous malformations occur sporadically and present as solitary lesions. They also occur in several syndromes, some of which demonstrate Mendelian inheritance. We have mapped the locus for an autosomal dominant disorder in a three generation family that manifests as multiple cutaneous and mucosal venous malformations. This locus lies within a 24 cM interval on chromosome 9p, defined by the markers D9S157 and D9S163. The alpha and beta interferon gene cluster and the putative tumor suppressor genes MTS1 and MTS2 are also in this region. Characterization of the gene responsible for this disorder should yield insights into the precise pathogenic mechanisms for venous malformations.
Determining the Characteristics of the Socially Conscious Consumer

This study finds that the socially conscious consumer can be distinguished by a variety of personality, attitude, and socioeconomic variables, although the relationships are rather weak. A measure of traditionally defined social responsibility was found to have no relationship to socially conscious consumer behavior.
Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism and Resistance Exercise

Stable isotope tracer techniques have been developed to quantify rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown in human subjects. These methods were applied to the study of the response to resistance exercise as well as to amino acid intake. The fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of muscle protein is stimulated for as long as 48 h following exercise. However, the anabolic effect of the stimulation of FSR after exercise is blunted by a simultaneous increase in muscle protein breakdown, such that the net balance between synthesis and breakdown remains negative in the fasted state. Elevation of plasma amino acids stimulates muscle protein synthesis. The extent of the stimulation is dependent on the dose, the profile of amino acids given, the pattern of ingestion (bolus vs. constant intake), the age of the subject, and the hormonal profile. Importantly, there is an interactive effect between resistance exercise and amino acids, such that the net anabolic response to amino acids following exercise is greater than the sum of the amino acid effects and the exercise effects alone.
Subsidized Housing for the Low-Income Functionally Disabled Elderly

Functionally disabled elderly people are seniors who need the help of another person to perform at least one activity of daily living or instrumental activity of daily living. Recent cutbacks in HUD's budget authority do not bode well for the future of traditional federally subsidized housing programs. If these seniors are to receive affordable housing and services, the time to act politically is now. The typology of current subsidized rental housing options for these seniors is presented as a model to aid current and future planners and policymakers in developing housing options that are affordable to this population.
Racing and Gaming’s Political Contributions in New York State: The Second Half of 2009

This report summarizes and reviews political contributions made to public officials and potential candidates to public office in New York State from the gaming and racing industry in the second half of the 2009 calendar year. The analysis breaks down the contributions by major donors, recipients, and by contributions made to racing and gaming PAC's.
Brain Region-Specific Alterations in the Gene Expression of Cytokines, Immune Cell Markers and Cholinergic System Components during Peripheral Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation

Inflammatory conditions characterized by excessive peripheral immune responses are associated with diverse alterations in brain function, and brain-derived neural pathways regulate peripheral inflammation. Important aspects of this bidirectional peripheral immune-brain communication, including the impact of peripheral inflammation on brain region-specific cytokine responses, and brain cholinergic signaling (which plays a role in controlling peripheral cytokine levels), remain unclear. To provide insight, we studied gene expression of cytokines, immune cell markers and brain cholinergic system components in the cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum and thalamus in mice after an intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injection. Endotoxemia was accompanied by elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and other cytokines and brain region-specific increases in Il1b (the highest increase, relative to basal level, was in cortex; the lowest increase was in cerebellum) and Il6 (highest increase in cerebellum; lowest increase in striatum) mRNA expression. Gene expression of brain Gfap (astrocyte marker) was also differentially increased. However, Iba1 (microglia marker) mRNA expression was decreased in the cortex, hippocampus and other brain regions in parallel with morphological changes, indicating microglia activation. Brain choline acetyltransferase (Chat) mRNA expression was decreased in the striatum, acetylcholinesterase (Ache) mRNA expression was decreased in the cortex and increased in the hippocampus, and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (Chrm1) mRNA expression was decreased in the cortex and the brainstem. These results reveal a previously unrecognized regional specificity in brain immunoregulatory and cholinergic system gene expression in the context of peripheral inflammation and are of interest for designing future antiinflammatory approaches.
Taking Care of Federal Law

This Article argues that Article II should not be understood to require the President alone to execute federal law. Specifically, it argues that Article II does not require the President alone to vindicate the public’s shared interest in the enforcement of federal statutes. Many of the cases addressing this issue are concerned with questions of standing, and specifically whether there are limits on Congress’s power to authorize private citizens to sue to enforce federal law. Standing doctrine requires a litigant to show she has suffered an “injury in fact” before a federal court will hear her claim, and it is derived in part from the Take Care Clause and Article II. By highlighting the Article II origins of standing doctrine, this Article calls attention to a different set of sources not considered in the literature on standing. And these sources illustrate that one major premise of standing doctrine — that only the President vindicates the public’s shared interest in the enforcement of federal law — is false. In particular, recent preemption cases and several different federal statutes show that non-executive actors routinely execute federal law. These sources therefore provide a new and powerful reason to question both the Court’s premise that the President alone must oversee the public’s shared interest in the enforcement of federal statutes, and its subsequent conclusion that a litigant may not have standing to raise a claim for violation of a federal statute based on a congressionally created private right of action.
Histologically benign teratoid metastasis of testicular embryonal carcinoma: report of five cases.

Five cases of embryonal carcinoma of the testis with entirely mature teratomatous metastases are presented. Only two other cases have been reported previously. These cases appear to run a prolonged clinical course compared with the usual embryonal carcinomas. It is important that the teratoid elements be recognized as malignant in spite of their benign histologic appearance.
Determination of the power consumption of stacked PZT actuator-driven underwater plates for active structural acoustic control

This paper presents an analysis technique to determine various energy dissipation in a PZT actuator-driven underwater plate based on an electro-mechanical impedance model. The entire actuator/structure/fluid system is modelled as an electrical network which may be represented by a coupled electro-mechanical admittance or impedance. Various dissipation, including the radiated acoustic power, may be determined from the electromechanical admittance. This paper also discusses the transduction characteristics of stacked PZT actuators and the determination of the acousto-mechanical impedance of a simply-supported plate considering fluid interaction. The method outlined in this paper may be used to determine the structural response, acoustic radiation, and power flow of active structures with integrated induced strain actuators. The acoustic radiation actuator power factor discussed in this paper may also be utilized as an efficiency index in the design of active structural acoustic control systems.
Pioneers in the history of orbital decompression for Graves' ophthalmopathy. R.U. Kroenlein (1847-1910), O. Hirsch (1877-1965) and H.C. Naffziger (1884-1961).

Orbital decompression for Graves' ophthalmopathy began in 1890 when Dollinger adapted Kroenlein's technique for removal of an orbital dermoid cyst to decompress into the subtemporal fossa. Modifications occurred over the years to decompress the orbit into the paranasal sinuses and/or the anterior cranial fossa. The lives of three surgeons who initially performed these operative procedures are reported.
The Development of the State Child-Guidance Clinics in Massachusetts

THE Commonwealth of Massachusetts was the first state to provide by legislation (in 1922) for a division of mental hygiene,1 with the establishment of child-guidance clinics financed by state funds as one of its major activities. A review of the diversely related developments in psychiatric therapy that culminated in the child-guidance movement shows the state guidance clinics emerging at the peak of the mental-hygiene movement as the logical but unforeseen outcome of efforts to promote mental health by preventive and early correctional treatment. The mental-hygiene movement expanded with remarkable rapidity through the years 1912 to 1922 under the impact of . . .
Professor Aloysius A. Leopold: An Extraordinary Man

This article is a tribute to Prof. Aloysius A. Leopold upon his retirement from the St. Mary's University School of Law after almost fifty years of teaching.
One clinic's experience with carbon fiber orthoses in neuromuscular disease.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to summarize our experience with off-the-shelf anterior shell carbon fiber ankle–foot orthoses (CFAFOs) prescribed to adult neuromuscular patients in an outpatient clinic. Methods: We studied ambulatory patients who were seen in Muscular Dystrophy Association or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinics between 2011 and 2014 and prescribed anterior shell CFAFOs. Charts were reviewed with attention to diagnosis, satisfaction with use, and reasons for acceptance or rejection. We included individuals who were currently using AFOs and those being prescribed AFOs for the first time. We were especially interested in reasons for acceptance or rejection of the orthosis. Results: Two hundred eighty-three charts were reviewed. Of these, 109 of 123 (89%) patients were satisfied or extremely satisfied with the anterior shell CFAFOs, including 38 who had previously used other styles. Conclusion: Anterior shell CFAFOs should be considered for most neuromuscular patients with distal leg weakness. Muscle Nerve 55: 202–205, 2017
Axonal transcriptome of human stem cell derived neurons

The identification of axonal mRNAs in model organisms has led to the discovery of multiple proteins synthesized within axons for functional roles such as axon guidance and injury response. The extent to which protein synthesis within the axon is conserved in humans is unknown. Here we used axon-isolating microfluidic chambers to characterize the axonal transcriptome of human embryonic stem cells (hESC-neurons) differentiated using a protocol for glutamatergic neurons. Using gene expression analysis, we identified mRNAs proportionally enriched in axons, representing a functionally unique local transcriptome as compared to the human neuronal transcriptome inclusive of somata and dendrites. Further, we found that the most abundant mRNAs within hESC-neuron axons were functionally similar to the axonal transcriptome of rat cortical neurons. We confirmed the presence of two well characterized axonal mRNAs in model organisms, β-actin and GAP43, within hESC-neuron axons using multiplexed single molecule RNA-FISH. Additionally, we report the novel finding that oxytocin mRNA localized to these human axons and confirmed its localization using RNA-FISH. This new evaluation of mRNA within human axons provides an important resource for studying local mRNA translation and has the potential to reveal both conserved and unique axonal mechanisms across species and neuronal types.
Unsettling the Civic Republican Order: The Face of Sovereign Power and the Fate of the Citizen in Othello

Whereas in Chapters 1 and 2 I analyzed the way raw sovereign power unsettles the “public sphere” and the legal sphere, respectively, in Chapter 3 I focus on how raw sovereign power unsettles the nominally civic republican political order represented in Othello. As a political ideal, civic republicanism exercised a deep fascination for many early modern English intellectuals because it seemed to offer a basis for political order other than the arbitrary will of the sovereign. In the plays I have examined thus far, civic republicanism acts as a kind of acid that unsettles an absolutist order and by doing so opens the door to a life of the flesh. In Othello, by contrast, Shakespeare imagines a nominally civic republican order only to show that it is subtended by a suppressed version of the same absolutist power that the absolutist order explicitly celebrates. As Shakespeare depicts Venice, the civic republican order assumes political subjects (“citizens”) with stable socio-symbolic identities who are capable of carrying out their duty to the state. However, the play reveals the reliance of these civic republican subjects on an exceptional person, namely, Othello, who embodies raw sovereignty and answers to no one. The play explores how an encounter with raw sovereign power generates fleshly bodies that can be reassembled into new configurations, creating clusters of bodies that are theatrically separated from state-imposed social norms of interpersonal bonding.
Trend Profiles of Atmospheric Temperature Time Series

Time series of lower atmospheric and surface temperatures tend to be chaotic, non-linear, and volatile with known violations of OLS assumptions. Their OLS trends differ significantly depending on the choice of sample periods and the endpoints they imply. In this brief note we show that the trend properties of a temperature time series may be explored more fully by constructing what can be called a trend profile. For a time series of monthly mean temperature anomalies longer than 30 years, we demonstrate a trend profile procedure in which OLS trends for all possible 30-year intervals in the study period are plotted against the month in the middle of each interval. The shape and structure of these curves are more robust and provide greater insight into the trend behavior of the temperature time series than a single OLS trend line across the study period bounded by arbitrary end points of convenience.
Carpal Fracture (Excluding Scaphoid)

Various common injuries in the wrist and hand are investigated in this chapter. Significant attention is paid not only to proper diagnostic examination and imaging, but also to optimal nonoperative and operative treatment options to manage these conditions.
Subsequent primary invasive and in situ cancers after diagnosis of cervical cancer by race/ethnicity

A86 Background: Women diagnosed with cervical cancer tend to have specific risk factors for developing a cancer later in life: infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), history of smoking, and/or treatment with radiation therapy. Recent licensure of an HPV vaccine protecting against HPV 16 and 18 has raised the issue of whether current racial/ethnic disparities in cervical cancer will improve or worsen. Since the HPV vaccine has the ability to impact more than one HPV-related cancer in the same individual, we examine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in developing subsequent primary cancers (invasive and in situ) after an initial invasive cervical cancer diagnosis. Methods: Using the SEER 13 Cancer Registry data (1992-2004), we identified 23,059 women with invasive cervical cancer and observed subsequent malignancies (including some in situ) in that cohort during 4.75 mean person-years of follow-up. We focused on HPV-associated cancers (vaginal, vulvar, anal, rectal, and oropharyngeal). Subsequent cancers were considered if they were diagnosed 2 or more months after initial diagnosis of the first cancer. Observed (O) subsequent cancers were compared with those expected (E) based on age-/race-/year-/site-specific rates in the SEER population. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) represent 9O / E9. All reported SIRs were considered significant if p
Finite Element Modelling of Transport of Radium-226 and Uranium from Port Granby Radioactive Waste Management Site to Lake Ontario

The development and verification of a finite element model for delineating radioactive contaminant plumes via groundwater are described. The model is then used to predict the migration of 226Ra and U from the near-shore Port Granby waste management site to Lake Ontario. The model predicts that the continuous migration, via groundwater, of both contaminants toward Lake Ontario is likely to persist even after the waste is removed from the site.
Patient Characteristics and Outcomes Related to Successful Outpatient Competency Restoration

Criminal defendants have a fundamental right to a fair and speedy trial. However, individuals found incompetent to stand trial are unable to move forward in the adjudication process and are often mired in protracted legal proceedings. If competency restoration is statutorily permissible and can be conducted in the outpatient setting, we propose that it should be considered based on burgeoning empirical data. We present data from an outpatient forensic clinic in which individuals are conditionally released to receive competency restoration in the community. Results indicated that three variables, including being single/never married, having comorbid intellectual disability and mental illness, and having one's conditional release revoked, were negatively related to successful restoration. The final model explained approximately one-third of the variance in restorability and correctly classified 75% of cases. Results demonstrate that individuals can be safely released to the community and successfully restored to competency in the outpatient setting. Utilizing outpatient competency restoration would not only reduce strain on inpatient facilities, but would also reduce the cost of treatment. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residents essay award: low-dose-rate total lymphoid irradiation: A new method of rapid immunosuppression

Abstract Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI) has been successful in inducing immunosuppression in experimental and clinical applications. However, both the experimental and clinical utility of TLI are hampered by the prolonged treatment courses required (23 days in rats and 30–60 days in humans). Low-dose-rate TLI has the potential of reducing overall treatment time while achieving comparable immunosuppression. This study examines the immmmosuppressive activity and treatment toxicity of conventional-dose-rate (23 days) vs low-dose-rate (2–7 days) TLI. Seven groups of Lewis rats were given TLI with 60 Co. One group was treated at conventional-dose-rates (80–110 cGy/ min) and received 3400 cGy in 17 fractions over 23 days. Six groups were treated at low-dose-rate (7 cGy/min) and received total doses of 800, 2400, 3000, and 3400 cGy over 2–7 days. Rats treated at conventional-dose-rates over 23 days and at low-dose-rate over 2–7 days tolerated radiation with minimal toxicity. The level of immunosuppression was tested using allogeneic (Brown-Norway) skin graft survival. Control animals retained allogeneic skin grafts for a mean of 14 days (range 8–21 days). Conventional-dose-rate treated animals (3400 cGy in 23 days) kept their grafts 60 days (range 50–66 days) ( p p > 0.10). When the total dose given was equivalent, low-dose-rate TLI demonstrated an advantage of reduced overall treatment time compared to conventional-dose-rate TLI (7 days vs. 23 days) with no increase in toxicity. This was accomplished without compromise of the immunosuppressant activity of TLI as demonstrated by comparable allogeneic skin graft survival times between the two 3400 cGy treatment groups. This clinical advantage would prove to be beneficial where immediate suppression of the immune system is desirable.
From Experience to Judgment in the Aftermath of Postmodern Critique

The story about the tracking of experience on the way to judgment is intrinsically complex. And this is the case because of a variegated emplotment of changing scenarios and a complementing variety in its cast of characters. In accepting the invitation to address the general topic, we offered to provide’ only a segment/chapter of the wider story — namely a travelogue on the road from experience to judgment in the aftermath of postmodern critique. But even a telling of this segment/chapter of the wider story places upon the narrator some quite extraordinary demands. It involves at least three distinct, if not separable, plots or accounts — namely, modernity’s take on the issues; the postmodern response; and recommendations of what is to be done in the aftermath. At the most what we will be able to do — given limitations of allotted time and personal energy — is to isolate some of the pivotal themes and emergent aporias.
A reactive transport model for Marcellus shale weathering

Abstract Shale formations account for 25% of the land surface globally and contribute a large proportion of the natural gas used in the United States. One of the most productive shale-gas formations is the Marcellus, a black shale that is rich in organic matter and pyrite. As a first step toward understanding how Marcellus shale interacts with water in the surface or deep subsurface, we developed a reactive transport model to simulate shale weathering under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, constrained by soil and water chemistry data. The simulation was carried out for 10,000 years since deglaciation, assuming bedrock weathering and soil genesis began after the last glacial maximum. Results indicate weathering was initiated by pyrite dissolution for the first 1000 years, leading to low pH and enhanced dissolution of chlorite and precipitation of iron hydroxides. After pyrite depletion, chlorite dissolved slowly, primarily facilitated by the presence of CO2 and organic acids, forming vermiculite as a secondary mineral. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the most important controls on weathering include the presence of reactive gases (CO2 and O2), specific surface area, and flow velocity of infiltrating meteoric water. The soil chemistry and mineralogy data could not be reproduced without including the reactive gases. For example, pyrite remained in the soil even after 10,000 years if O2 was not continuously present in the soil column; likewise, chlorite remained abundant and porosity remained small if CO2 was not present in the soil gas. The field observations were only simulated successfully when the modeled specific surface areas of the reactive minerals were 1–3 orders of magnitude smaller than surface area values measured for powdered minerals. Small surface areas could be consistent with the lack of accessibility of some fluids to mineral surfaces due to surface coatings. In addition, some mineral surface is likely interacting only with equilibrated pore fluids. An increase in the water infiltration rate enhanced weathering by removing dissolution products and maintaining far-from-equilibrium conditions. We conclude from these observations that availability of reactive surface area and transport of H2O and gases are the most important factors affecting rates of Marcellus shale weathering of the in the shallow subsurface. This weathering study documents the utility of reactive transport modeling for complex subsurface processes. Such modelling could be extended to understand interactions between injected fluids and Marcellus shale gas reservoirs at higher temperature, pressure, and salinity conditions.
CIS-Acting Allele-Specific Expression Differences Induced by Alcohol and Impacted by Sex as Well as Parental Genotype of Origin.

Background Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are influenced by complex interactions between the genetics of the individual and their environment. We have previously identified hundreds of polygenic genetic variants between the selectively bred high- and low-alcohol drinking (HAD and LAD) rat lines. Here, we report allele-specific expression (ASE) differences, between the HAD2 and LAD2 rat lines. Methods The HAD2 and LAD2 rats, which have been sequenced, were reciprocally crossed to generate 10 litters of F1 progeny. For 5 of these litters, the sire was HAD2, and for the other 5 litters, the sire was a LAD2. From these 10 litters, 2 males and 2 females were picked from each F1 litter (N = 40 total). The F1 pups were divided, balancing for sex and direction of cross, into an alcohol (15%) versus a water control group. Alcohol drinking started in the middle of adolescence (~postnatal day 35) and lasted 9 weeks. At the end of these treatments, rats were euthanized, the nucleus accumbens was dissected, and RNA was processed for RNA-sequencing and ASE analyses. Results Analyses revealed that adolescent ethanol (EtOH) drinking, individual EtOH drinking levels, parentage, and sex-of-animal affected ASEs of about 300 genes. The identified genes included those associated with EtOH metabolism (e.g., Aldh2); neuromodulatory function (e.g., Cckbr, Slc6a7, and Slc1a1); ion channel activity (e.g., Kcnc3); and other synaptic and epigenetic functions. Conclusions These data indicate that EtOH drinking differentially amplified paternal versus maternal allelic contribution to the transcriptome. We hypothesize that this was due, at least in part, to EtOH-induced changes in cis-regulation of polymorphisms previously identified between the HAD2 and LAD2 rat lines. This report highlights the complexity of gene-by-environment interactions mediating a genetic predisposition for, and/or the active development of, AUDs.
MULTIPLET WAVE FUNCTIONS

A spin orbital in the central field approximation is characterized by the quantum numbers. It is necessary to satisfy the Pauli principle, which requires the total wave function to be antisymmetric with respect to an interchange of all the coordinates of the two electrons. This chapter lists a sequence for constructing Russell–Saunders eigenfunctions based on central field spin orbitals. A symmetric spin function is combined with an antisymmetric space function to form a totally antisymmetric two-electron wave function. The construction of multiplet wave functions involves the coupling of angular momenta and antisymmetrization. The Pauli principle requires the total wave function to be antisymmetric. Therefore, the total wave function for two electrons is a product of a symmetric spin function and an antisymmetric function of the space coordinates.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Pathologists:Part I, The Logistic Model

This paper reviews concepts of multivariate statistical modeling via the logistic regression model, which has become very popular for modeling the relationship between a positive clinical outcome and a variety of predictor variables. The process is illustrated using a composite of data from three large prostate specific antigen based screening studies of prostate cancer.
Epilogue: NuSTAR Validates Inner Disk Reflection in NGC 1365

“The epilogue discusses the most recent published work on black hole spin science: the simultaneous XMM-Newton/NuSTAR observations of NGC 1365. The revolutionary contribution of NuSTAR to AGN SMBH spin measurements is previewed.“
Free Exorcise Clause? Whether Exorcism Can Survive America's 'New Neutrality'

In Pleasant Glade Assembly of God v. Schubert, 264 S.W.3d 1 (Tex. 2008), the Texas Supreme Court relied on the First Amendment's Free Exercise Clause to decline jurisdiction over a church member's civil case against the congregants that conducted an exorcism on her. The dispute arose when, on two separate occasions, the church pastor and numerous congregants subjected Schubert to the “laying on of hands” practice. While judicial abstention from religious questions is a well-established doctrine supported by Supreme Court precedent, religious actors can be held liable for physical harms, placing certain acts outside of the purview of First Amendment protection. Due to the highly physical and involuntary nature of exorcism, one's intuition might be that the practice would fit into this category. Furthering this notion is the "new neutrality" proffered by the Supreme Court in Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990), which mandates that generally-applicable state laws (such as false imprisonment) be applied whether motivation for the act was religious or not. This Note addresses the underlying factors that drove the Texas Supreme Court to protect exorcism. These include the Court's implicit belief that exorcism is worth protecting, the unique flexibility judges have to formulate common law torts, and the role of consent. Finally, this Note suggests a manner in which the majority could have better formulated its ruling by drawing a clear line where liability would accrue, limiting punitive damages, and relying on the Texas Religious Freedom Restoration Act instead of the First Amendment. While the outcome in Pleasant Glade has proved controversial, this modified holding can be used in an appropriate manner by future courts to protect religious freedoms, as well as the public safety.
Early Women in Education: The Role of the Anderson School of Natural History

In the summer of 1873 Louis Agassiz, of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, founded a summer school on Penikese Island. 30 women were among the students during the school's two year existenc...
Evaluating the Benefits of the TimeSlips Creative Storytelling Program for Persons With Varying Degrees of Dementia Severity

Objectives:To evaluate the benefits of TimeSlips, a group creative storytelling intervention used in residential care settings, on quality of life (QOL), interactions with caregivers, and Mini-Ment...