cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic Sleep Disruption Advances the Temporal Progression of Tauopathy in P301S Mutant Mice

Brainstem locus ceruleus neurons (LCn) are among the first neurons across the lifespan to evidence tau pathology, and LCn are implicated in tau propagation throughout the cortices. Yet, events influencing LCn tau are poorly understood. Activated persistently across wakefulness, LCn experience significant metabolic stress in response to chronic short sleep (CSS). Here we explored whether CSS influences LCn tau and the biochemical, neuroanatomical, and/or behavioral progression of tauopathy in male and female P301S mice. CSS in early adult life advanced the temporal progression of neurobehavioral impairments and resulted in a lasting increase in soluble tau oligomers. Intriguingly, CSS resulted in an early increase in AT8 and MC1 tau pathology in the LC. Over time tau pathology, including tangles, was evident in forebrain tau-vulnerable regions. Sustained microglial and astrocytic activation was observed as well. Remarkably, CSS resulted in significant loss of neurons in the two regions examined: the basolateral amygdala and LC. A second, distinct form of chronic sleep disruption, fragmentation of sleep, during early adult life also increased tau deposition and imparted early neurobehavioral impairment. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that early life sleep disruption has important lasting effects on the temporal progression in P301S mice, influencing tau pathology and hastening neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and neurobehavioral impairments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic short sleep (CSS) is pervasive in modern society. Here, we found that early life CSS influences behavioral, biochemical, and neuroanatomic aspects of the temporal progression of tauopathy in a mouse model of the P301S tau mutation. Specifically, CSS hastened the onset of motor impairment and resulted in a greater loss of neurons in both the locus ceruleus and basolateral/lateral amygdala. Importantly, despite a protracted recovery opportunity after CSS, mice evidenced a sustained increase in pathogenic tau oligomers, and increased pathogenic tau in the locus ceruleus and limbic system nuclei. These findings unveil early life sleep habits as an important determinant in the progression of tauopathy.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis, Discitis, and Epidural Abscess: A Rare Complication of Cardiobacterium Endocarditis

In this article, we report the case of a 75-year-old man who was presented with new low back pain for 2 weeks. His past history was significant for severe aortic stenosis necessitating bioprosthetic aortic valve placement 4 years ago, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. His physical examination was positive for point tenderness over the lower lumbar spine. He was found to be bacteremic with Cardiobacterium hominis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed lumbar (L4-L5) epidural abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis, discitis. He underwent a computed tomography-guided needle biopsy of L4-L5. The biopsy culture was also positive for Cardiobacterium hominis. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed small vegetation on the mitral valve with mild regurgitation. He was started on intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g once daily for a planned duration of 6 weeks and was discharged. However, he, unfortunately, expired at an outside facility secondary to an unknown illness 4 weeks into the treatment course.
Motivation and phenomenological foundation: A Schutzian response to a current dilemma in African-American studies:

Two philosophical approaches are prominent in race studies: (1) an interpretive phenomenological method, utilized by Sartre, Fanon and Schutz, that describes how Blacks and non-blacks interpret eac...
Harnessing the reactivity of poly(methylhydrosiloxane) for the reduction and cyclization of biomass to high-value products

Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) has been examined for its ability to reduce and subsequently cyclize carbohydrate substrates using catalytic tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF). The work herein is the first reported example of the direct conversion of monosaccharides to 1,4-anhydro and 2,5-anhydro products utilizing a hydrosiloxane reducing agent. PMHS is produced from waste products of the silicone industry, making it a green alternative to traditional hydrosilane reducing agents. This work thus contributes to the goal of utilizing renewable feedstocks in the production of fine-chemicals.
Fathering Styles: Qualities Children Expect in Their Fathers

Many fathers strive to be better parents. Yet it remains unclear what qualities contribute to effective fathering; less is clear about how such paternal efforts are viewed by their children. Based ...
Effect of the Patient-Centered Medical Home on Racial Disparities in Quality of Care

Research demonstrates that the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is associated with improved clinical outcomes and quality of care, and the populations that can most benefit from this model require long-term management, e.g., persons with chronic illness and behavioral health conditions. However, different populations may not benefit equally from the PCMH, and empirical evidence about the effects of this model on racial disparities is limited. Estimate the association between enrollment in National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)-recognized PCMHs and racial disparities in quality of care for adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and comorbid medical conditions. Applying a quasi-experimental instrumental variable design to account for differential selection into the PCMH, we used generalized estimating equations to determine the probability of receiving eight disease-specific quality measures. Medicaid enrollees in three states not dually enrolled in Medicare, ages 18–64 with MDD and > 1 other chronic condition. A subgroup analysis was conducted for enrollees with comorbid diabetes. Enrollment in an NCQA-recognized PCMH. Disease-specific quality indicators for MDD (e.g., antidepressant use, receipt of psychotherapy), and for diabetes, (e.g. A1c testing, LDL-C testing, retinal exams, and medical attention for nephropathy). PCMH enrollment was associated with an increase in the overall likelihood of receiving six of eight recommended services and a decrease in the likelihood of receiving any psychotherapy (4.94 percentage points, p < 0.01) and retinal exams (5.51 percentage points, p < 0.05). Although both groups improved, PCMH enrollment was associated with an exacerbation of the Black-white disparity in adequate antidepressant use by 4.20 percentage points (p < 0.01). While PCMH enrollment may improve the overall quality of care, the effect is inconsistent across racial groups and not always associated with reductions in racial disparities in quality.
Analysis of Leukemia incidence (1997-2007) in vicinity area of a nuclear installation

Objective To investigate the leukemia incidence among residents in the vicinity area of a nuclear installation.Methods The data were collected by the retrospective survey.Diagnosis is based on the medical records in all the relevant hospitals.The study area was those residential areas within 10 km of radium surrounding the installation.All residents who had lived in the study area for six months and over were recruited into the study group.Results The survey ascertained 643 newly diagnosed leukemia cases in the study area during 1997 to 2007.The crude rate was 2.51/100,000,and its standardized rate to national population structure was 2.53/100,000.The incidence rate in the study area was slightly lower than that in the whole city.No increase trend was detected during the period.Conclusions No significant difference of the leukemia incidence rate was found between the vicinity area of the nuclear installation and the whole city. Key words: Nuclear installation; Leukemia; Incidence rate
GIE Editorial Board top 10 topics: advances in GI endoscopy in 2019.

The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy's GIE Editorial Board reviewed original endoscopy-related articles published during 2019 in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and 10 other leading medical and gastroenterology journals. Votes from each individual member were tallied to identify a consensus list of 10 topic areas of major advances in GI endoscopy. Individual board members summarized important findings published in these 10 areas of disinfection, artificial intelligence, bariatric endoscopy, adenoma detection, polypectomy, novel imaging, Barrett's esophagus, third space endoscopy, interventional EUS, and training. This document summarizes these "top 10" endoscopic advances of 2019.
Capacity-Achieving Signal and Capacity of Gaussian Mixture Channels with 1-bit Output Quantization

This paper addresses the optimal signaling scheme and capacity of an additive Gaussian mixture (GM) noise channel using 1-bit output quantization. The considered GM distribution is a weighted sum Gaussian component densities with arbitrary means, and it can be used to represent any non-Gaussian channel of engineering interest. By first establishing a necessary and sufficient Kuhn-Tucker condition (KTC) for an input signal to be optimal, we demonstrate that the maximum number of mass points in the capacity-achieving signal is four. Our proof relies on novel bounds on the product of Q functions and Dubin's theorem. By considering a special case of GM with zero mean Gaussian components, which is a realistic accurate model for co-channel interference in heterogeneous wireless networks and impulsive interference, it is shown that the optimal input is π/2 circularly symmetric. As a result, in this case, the capacity-achieving signal has exactly four mass points forming a square centered at the origin. By further checking the first and second derivatives of the modified KTC, it is then shown that the phase of the optimal mass point located in the first quadrant is π/4. Thus, with zero-mean GM, the capacity-achieving input signal is QPSK, and the channel capacity can be established in closed-form.
Radiobiology of Low- and High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

E. J. Hall, D. Phil., DSc, FACR, FRCR Higgins Professor of Radiation Biophysics, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630, West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA D. J. Brenner, PhD, DSc Professor of Radiation Oncology and Public Health, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630, West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA molecules in the cell, particularly water, to produce free radicals that can diffuse far enough to reach and damage DNA. This is referred to as the indirect action of radiation. A free radical is a free (not combined) atom or molecule that carries no electrical charge, but has an unpaired electron in the outer shell. This state is associated with a high degree of chemical reactivity. The most important radical produced from the interaction of radiation with water is the hydroxyl radical (OH•). There is evidence to support the notion that any OH• radicals produced within a cylinder of diameter of about 4 nm around the DNA double helix is able to diffuse to the DNA and cause damage (Fig. 13.1). About two-thirds of the biological damage caused by X-rays is mediated via free radicals. This has been described in more detail by Hall (2000).
Afterward: governing reproduction

This afterward argues that the articles in this special issue show that while the desire to control fertility is as ubiquitous as sex in recorded human history, so too are efforts to govern it by s...
Towards the Development of a Robotic Transcatheter Delivery System for Mitral Valve Implant

Mitral regurgitation is one of the most common heart diseases caused by ventricular dysfunction or anatomic abnormality of the mitral valve. The fundamental treatment for mitral regurgitation is to repair/replace the mitral valve through open-heart surgery which is risky and requires more time to recover or through minimally invasive approaches, which have significant challenges and limitations. Through the transcatheter approach, the mitral valve implant is minimally invasively delivered directly to the mitral valve and is clamped onto the leaflet to mitigate or prevent regurgitation. However, this procedure requires delicate manipulation of the catheter in a constrained space and remains a challenging problem. In this work, we present a robotically steerable cathether design for the transcatheter procedure to address mitral regurgitation. The proposed catheter consists of two bending joints, one torsion joint, and implant delivery module at the distal end of the robot. Kinematic models for each joint design are derived and compared with experimental results. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed catheter to navigate in a phantom heart model. In this demonstration, the bending joint was actuated by 75°, the torsion joint was actuated by 90° and the implant was pushed out by 1.8 mm to deliver the implant.
Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools: Evolutionary Developments Since the General Financial Crisis (Presentation Slides)

As well as highlighting why Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools have become so important, this presentation aims to highlight wide ranging implications from monetary and stability goals, to environmental implications. With a focus on the "Report of the Working Group and Committee on the Global Financial System Unconventional Monetary Policy Tools A Cross Country Analysis”, the presentation aims to contribute to the extant literature on the topic by proposing how the role carried out by certain unconventional monetary policy tools namely tools for forward guidance, could be harnessed to great potential through emerging technologies such as Artificial Intelligence and machine learning technologies.
Elevated Inflammatory Markers and Arterial Stiffening Exacerbate Tau but Not Amyloid Pathology in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background Age-related cerebrovascular and neuroinflammatory processes have been independently identified as key mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although their interactive effects have yet to be fully examined. Objective The current study examined 1) the influence of pulse pressure (PP) and inflammatory markers on AD protein levels and 2) links between protein biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods This study included 218 ADNI (81 cognitively normal [CN], 137 MCI) participants who underwent lumbar punctures, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping, and cognitive testing. Cerebrospinal (CSF) levels of eight pro-inflammatory markers were used to create an inflammation composite, and amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and total tau (t-tau) were quantified. Results Multiple regression analyses controlling for age, education, and APOE ɛ4 genotype revealed significant PP x inflammation interactions for t-tau (B = 0.88, p = 0.01) and p-tau (B = 0.84, p = 0.02); higher inflammation was associated with higher levels of tau within the MCI group. However, within the CN group, analyses revealed a significant PP x inflammation interaction for Aβ42 (B = -1.01, p = 0.02); greater inflammation was associated with higher levels of Aβ42 (indicative of lower cerebral amyloid burden) in those with lower PP. Finally, higher levels of tau were associated with poorer memory performance within the MCI group only (p s Conclusion PP and inflammation exert differential effects on AD CSF proteins and provide evidence that vascular risk is associated with greater AD pathology across our sample of CN and MCI older adults.
Satisfaction and effectiveness of opioid pain management among adults with cystic fibrosis: A mixed methods study.

Abstract Background Chronic pain is common among people living with cystic fibrosis (CF) and associated with worse clinical outcomes. Despite this, little is known about how pain is managed and how opioids are used to treat pain. The purpose of this convergent mixed methods study was to examine self-reported satisfaction and effectiveness of pain management strategies among a sample of adults with CF who are prescribed opioids. Methods We developed an online survey querying 4 domains - demographics, pain characteristics, pain communication, and management strategies. This was distributed nationally to adults with CF (n=48) via various online platforms. We obtained quantitative and qualitative responses regarding satisfaction and effectiveness of pain management. Emerged themes from qualitative data were compared with responses from quantitative survey domains. Results Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and effectiveness with their opioid pain management plans. However, qualitative themes emerged regarding fears of addiction, experiences of feeling stigmatized by the healthcare system and ineffectiveness and inefficiency of alternative therapies for adequate pain relief. Conclusions Adults with CF reported opioids as an important component of their current pain management plans despite risks associated with opioid use. CF-specific pain management guideline development is warranted as is further research exploring pain development.
Modeling electric field-induced quenching in conjugated polymers and oligomers

The phenomenon of electric field-induced emission quenching is important in organic light-emitting diodes because operating conditions involve large electric fields. Past experimental work on light-emitting polymers and oligomers showed that field-induced quenching (FIQ) efficiencies are higher in non-rigid molecules such as poly(pphenylene vinylene) or PPV, than in similar, more planar molecules. Based on this relationship, we previously proposed that the applied field enhances internal conversion decay channels. Our further studies built on this idea by examining FIQ in PPV oligomers of varying length using computational methods. Calculations performed at the INDO/S-CI level showed the presence of free electron-hole pair (FEHP) states which are stabilized by the uniform external electric field. These FEHP states undergo an avoided crossing with the fluorescent 1Bu bound exciton state at sufficiently high field magnitudes. The magnitude of the electronic coupling between the FEHP and 1Bu state, determined from these avoided crossings, is found to be a function of the field at which these states cross. This function is universal in that it applies to all FEHP states in PPV. This includes FEHP states on different length oligomers and the multiple FEHP states on a given length oligomer. Combining this universal function with simple models for the surrounding dielectric medium and effects of disorder allowed Marcus theory to be used to develop a model of FIQ. The resulting model yields reasonable quantitative agreement with FIQ magnitudes, dependence on oligomer length, and threshold field strengths at which quenching is observed. Here, the universal curve, relating electronic coupling to the field at which the FEHP and 1Bu states cross, is examined for planar, ordered oligomers of polyfluorene and ladder-type poly(p-phenylene). The dependence is similar to PPV, suggesting that this curve is universal not just across states, but also across this family of conjugated polymers. Given that the electronic couplings are similar, the observed differences in FIQ may be attributed to other factors, including especially the reduced degree of structural disorder present for these more rigid systems.
Comparison of the Fatty Acids of Proteolytic Type B and Nonproteolytic Types E and F of Clostridium botulinum

Lipids were extracted from vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium botulinum. The total lipids extracted averaged approximately 3.8% of the dry weight of vegetative cells and 2.5% of the dry weight of spores of types 61E, "F," and 115B. The fatty acids were analyzed in the form of their methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. Infrared spectroscopy, mercuric acetate fractionation, and silver nitratethin layer chromatography served as complementary means of analysis. The total fatty acids included straight chain, saturated, unsaturated, and cyclopropane acids. Hexadecanoic and tetradecanoic acids were the predominant acids in both the spores and vegetative cells. Together, they comprised over 50% of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated acids were the second major group. These were primarily 7,8-tetradecenoic, 9,10-hexadecenoic, 7,8-hexadecenoic, 11,12-octadecenoic, and 9,10-octadecenoic acids. Nonproteolytic types 61E and "F" possessed an 18-carbon diunsaturate, which was not found in the vegetative cells or spores of proteolytic type 115B. A mechanism for the synthesis of unsaturated and cyclopropane acids was proposed.
The Effects of Computer Assurance Specialist Competence and Auditor AIS Expertise on Auditor Planning Judgments

In complex accounting information system (AIS) environments, the exchange of audit evidence between computer assurance specialists (CAS) and auditors plays a critical role in determining audit quality. This study investigates the effects of CAS competence and auditor AIS expertise on auditor planning judgments in a complex AIS environment. The source competence literature in auditing has typically examined auditors' evaluations of evidence provided by sources with expertise structures similar to their own. However, the natural variation in knowledge structures which occurs between CAS and auditors likely results in a more complex relationship than those previously examined. This study utilizes a quasi-experiment, where CAS competence was manipulated as high and low between auditors and auditor AIS expertise was measured. Consistent with hypotheses, both auditor AIS expertise and CAS competence significantly affected auditor risk assessments in a complex AIS setting. Interestingly, with respect to the planning of substantive procedures, auditors' reactions to CAS competence variation was moderated by their own level of AIS expertise. Under conditions of low CAS competence, auditors with higher AIS expertise expanded the scope of their audit testing beyond the scope set by auditors with lower AIS expertise. No such auditor AIS expertise effect occurred when auditors received evidence from a highly competent CAS. These results suggest that auditors' AIS expertise can play a significant role in complex AIS environments and in their ability to compensate for CAS competence deficiencies.
Mobile Phones and Rural Livelihoods: Diffusion, Uses, and Perceived Impacts Among Farmers in Rural Uganda

To successfully use mobile phones to aid development efforts, understanding the impact of the social structure on mobile phone adoption, uses, perceived impacts, and reinvention of uses is invaluable. Interviews were conducted with 90 mobile phone-owning holders of small- to medium-sized farms—50 women and 40 men—actively involved in agricultural development-based farm groups in Kamuli District, Uganda. Respondents indicated use of the mobile phone for coordinating access to agricultural inputs, market information, to monitor financial transactions, and to consult with agricultural experts. Over time, the number and variety of agricultural uses increased among all users, indicating that adoption occurs for a few key purposes, but that uses will be added or reinvented to fit changing needs. This study identified a number of unique uses, including storing local market trends in the calendar, using the speakerphone function for group consultation with agricultural experts, and taking photos of agricultural demonstrations.
Self-limiting supplements fed to cattle grazing native mixed-grass prairie in the northern Great Plains

Objectives of this research were to compare animal performance with or without supplementation, compare effectiveness of three intake limiters, and to examine seasonal changes in nutritive value of native range in south-central North Dakota. Treatments included 1) control (CONT; no supplement); 2) hand-fed (HF) supplement, with no chemical limiter; 3) 16% salt (NACL); 4) 5.25% ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate (AS); and 5) 7% calcium hydroxide (CAOH). Supplements were based on wheat middlings, barley malt sprouts, and soybean hulls and were formulated to provide 40% of the CP intake and 32% of the NEm intake of 350-kg steers. Trials 1 and 2 each used 70 yearling steers (370.8 +/- 0.04 and 327.9 +/- 0.76 kg initial BW for Trials 1 and 2, respectively). In each year, four 28-d periods from the latter half of June through mid-October were used. Steers were stratified by weight and allotted randomly to treatments in 1 of 10 16-ha pastures (two pastures per treatment for each trial). In Trial 1, diet sampling began in the first 28-d period, but supplementation did not begin until the second 28-d period. In Trial 2, supplementation and diet collection began in the first 28-d period. Cation-anion differences (DCAD; Na + K - Cl - S) for NACL, AS, CAOH, and HF supplements were 151, -735, 160, and 166 mEq/ kg, respectively. In Trial 1, no treatment, period, or treatment x period effects for supplement intake were detected (P > or = 0.29). In Trial 2, a treatment x period interaction for supplement intake occurred (P = 0.005) because HF steers were offered a constant amount of supplement daily, whereas steers fed AS, CAOH, and NACL were allowed to consume ad libitum quantities of supplement. Average daily gain in Trial 1 was not affected (P = 0.21) by supplementation. In Trial 2, NACL, AS, and HF treatments had higher (P < or = 0.07) ADG than CONT. In Trial 1, final weights were not affected by supplementation (P = 0.23). In Trial 2, final weights of NACL- and HF-fed steers were greater than for CONT and CAOH steers (P < 0.10). In Trial 2, CONT steer final weights were lower than all supplemented treatments (P < 0.10). For yearling steers grazing native range, use of NACL as a limiter resulted in increased weight gains compared with using either CAOH or AS; however, no limiter that was tested restricted supplement intake as effectively as HF. More research is necessary to determine the optimum limiter level and the effect of forage quality on supplement intake.
Norm Estimates for Operators T : Hp → lq Involving lr (ls ) Norms

Norm estimates for bounded linear operators T : Hp → lq are derived in terms of the vector-valued norms of their matrix entries. Explanations are also provided to show that all of the upper estimates for ‖T‖ are sharp with respect to these norms.
The sufficient efficiency conditions in semiinfinite multiobjective fractional programming under higher order exponential type hybrid type invexities

Abstract First, a class of higher order exponential type hybrid ( α, β, γ, η, ρ , h (·, ·), κ (·, ·), Ω (·, ·, ·), ϖ(·, ·, ·), θ )-invexities is introduced, second, some parametrically sufficient efficiency conditions based on the higher order exponential type hybrid invexities are established, and finally some parametrically sufficient efficiency results under the higher order exponential type hybrid ( α, β, γ, η, ρ, h (·, ·), κ (·, ·), Ω(·, ·, ·), ϖ(·, ·, ·), θ )-invexities are investigated to the context of solving semiinfinite multiobjective fractional programming problems. The notions of the higher order exponential type hybrid ( α, β, γ, η, ρ, h (·, ·), κ (·, ·), Ω (·, ·, ·), ϖ(·, ·, ·), θ )-invexities encompass most of the generalized invexities in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, the results on semiinfinite multiobjective fractional programming problems established in this communication are new and application-oriented toward multitime multiobjectve problems as well as multiobjective control problems.
The evolution of an acoustic homing system for underwater vehicles

The initial testing of the homing concept, the Explorer version of the Long-Range Acoustic Bearing (LRAB), and a new first-stage of system miniaturization that will allow the homing device to be used in medium-sized Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV), is described. The CTA was built with PVC tubes and plate and was lowered to mid-water depth, while a portable source was moved to a number of different locations around the central location of the CTA. Data were collected for various frequencies, source levels, and source depths. The results of acoustic homing under the ice in the Arctic Ocean near the Sever Spur during spring 2010 were collected. The AUV activated the homing mode when it was expected to be within 50 km of an ice camp that was drifting freely. The abrupt course change at 'Homing Start' is a consequence of the unknown camp drift.
UPPER LIMIT OF THE X-RAY POLARIZATION OF THE CRAB NEBULA.

A rocket-borne X-ray polarimeter was flown to search for polarization in Taurus X-1. Although a result consistent with zero polarization was obtained, the statistics were such that X-ray polarization comparable in magnitude and direction to that of radio and optical continuum emission cannot be excluded.
Komplexometrische Titrationen in stärker saurem Medium. Rücktitration mit Wismutnitrat gegen Brenzcatechinviolett

Das Problem der komplexometrischen Rucktitration wird theoretisch kurz behandelt. Es wurde gefunden, das auser den schon bekannten Elementen Fe, Hg, Sb, Zr die direkte Titration von Wismut und Thorium auch durch In und Ga, sowie Vanadat gestort wird. Die indirekte Titration wird in Gegenwart von Cu erschwert. Ni last sich nur in der Siedehitze verdrangen. Aluminium stort immer. Der Grund liegt in der auserst langsamen Reaktion der Komplexonate der drei genannten Metalle. Neu ist die Moglichkeit der Bestimmung von Fe, In und Ga durch Rucktitration eines Komplexonuberschusses mit Wismutlosung. Uber Storungen durch Sulfat-Ionen und deren Behebung wird berichtet. Die Storung durch Hg last sich mittels Zugabe von Natriumchlorid beheben. Beleganalysen werden mitgeteilt.
Tagasist: A post-processing and analysis tools package for tagged magnetic resonance imaging

The Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique myocardial tagging allows the tracking and measurement of local parameters of heart wall motion. Tagging provides detailed information about regional cardiac function never before available with non-invasive techniques. The growth of this technique has been limited in part by the availability of post-processing tools. We introduce the TAGged cine AnalySIS Tools package (TAGASIST) for the processing of images from this technique. TAGASIST includes a graphical user interface for image segmentation, kinematic analysis, plotting of regional averages as well as multiple subjects (or patient populations) simultaneously, statistical analysis, and a database of all studies processed.
Experimental results from droop compensation for the high voltage converter modulators

The High Voltage Convertor Modulators are used to power the RF klystrons used throughout the linear accelerator at the Spallation Neutron Source. The output voltage of the modulator has significant voltage droop and ripple which, combined with low level RF system limitations, affect performance and stability of the accelerator cavities. In conjunction with the progress in the development of the new controller, different modulation techniques were implemented and studied on the test modulator rated at 75 kV, 125 A. This paper presents experimental results from implementation of frequency sweep, phase sweep and combined phase and frequency sweep modulation on the modulator output voltage pulse. Thermal measurements were carried out to determine the effect of these modulations schemes on long term reliability of the modulator. Future plans are also discussed.
The Velocity Fields in Active Regions

From line-shift observations in two spectrum lines it is determined that the downward motions observed in plages may represent a real downward transport of material, not an apparent downward flow due to brightness or ionization differences in a multistream velocity model.
Patterns of vitamin, mineral and herbal supplement use prior to and during pregnancy

At the antenatal clinic, 211 women were interviewed to assess vitamin, mineral and herbal use pre-conceptually and in the three trimesters of pregnancy. The majority of women (62%) used both a vitamin or mineral supplement and a herbal preparation during the course of pregnancy. Folate (70%), iron (38%) and multivitamins (27%) were the vitamin and mineral supplements most frequently taken by pregnant women. Ginger (20%) and raspberry leaf (9%) were the most frequently used herbal preparations. Women relied on advice from friends and relatives in deciding to use herbal preparations.
A numerical-experimental analysis of the contact stress problem

AbstractA general method is presented to evaluate the contact stresses and the contact area from the full field photoelastic data. The procedure utilizes the least squares technique in conjection w...
Research Note: Textural Qualities of Turkey Frankfurters Incorporating Fish- and Turkey-based Surimi

Abstract Experimental turkey-based surimi and fish-based surimi were separately incorporated into a formulation for turkey frankfurters at levels of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10%. Frankfurters containing 10% turkey-based surimi or 10% fish-based surimi were significantly lower (P
Fast neutron radiography for composite materials evaluation and testing

Abstract Fast neutron radiography (FNR) employs recoil protons produced by energetic neutrons in a hydrogen-rich plastic sheet through elastic scattering. FNR provides distinctive advantages in non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of thick composite material. Other traditional techniques, such as X-ray and thermal neutron radiography (TNR), do not meet FNRs capabilities in this area. FNR is also capable of detecting flaws and moisture in composite materials significantly greater than 25 mm thick and can penetrate all of the materials that X-rays and TNR cannot. The FNR images are produced directly during exposure; the neutrons create recoil protons, the protons activate a scintillator screen, and the converted images can be viewed within minutes after exposure. Some results of FNR images of composite material produced at Argonne National Laboratory-West-FNR Facility (14.3 MeV) are presented and its imaging techniques are discussed along with their resolution limitations.
GRG Update: DDW 2009 and Upcoming GRG-Sponsored Meetings

As part of the affiliation between the DDS and GRG, we would like to update the readership about educational offerings that are either sponsored by the GRG or are organized by members of the GRG leadership. I would, thus, like to provide information about the recent GRG Spring Symposium and about upcoming symposia of interest.
Family Emotional Climate and Sibling Relationship Quality: Influences on Behavioral Problems and Adaptation in Preschool-Aged Children

We examined the impact of family emotional climate and sibling relationship quality on behavioral problems and adaptation in preschool-aged children. Participants were 63 mothers with a preschool-aged child enrolled in a Southern Arizona Head Start Program. Siblings were identified as children closest in age to target child. Mothers of predominantly Mexican descent (95%) participated in home interviews during the Fall and Spring of the year children entered center-based programs. Sibling relationship quality (warmth, agonism/competition) was proposed to predict children’s adjustment (behavioral problems and adaptation) longitudinally. Results indicate that after controlling for child characteristics (temperament, child gender, birth order) and after accounting for family characteristics (family emotional expressiveness, child exposure to interparental conflict, and parental agreement on childrearing), sibling warmth made a significant and unique contribution to child adjustment as reported by mothers and teachers six months later. Findings are consistent with existing research indicating that sibling relationships impact children’s adjustment and shape young children’s lives in meaningful and marked ways. Moreover, these associations were found with an understudied sample of young children of predominantly Mexican descent in low-income families, and thus make an important contribution to knowledge in the field.
Effect of imported fire ant extract on the degradation of mountain cedar pollen allergen.

Background Dust mite, cockroach, and mold extracts have been shown to contain proteases capable of degrading the proteins in other extracts. Loss of potency of allergens has been reported in mixtures containing cockroach and fungal extracts. Fire ant venoms consist of 90% to 95% n-alkyl and n-alkenyl piperidine alkaloids, which are not allergenic. No studies are available addressing the mixture of imported fire ant (IFA) whole-body extract with other allergens or the presence of proteolytic activity in the venom extract. Objectives To evaluate the stability of mountain cedar pollen extract mixed with IFA whole-body extract and to qualitatively analyze the extract mixture for degradation of mountain cedar protein. Methods One milliliter each of mountain cedar and IFA whole-body extracts at a concentration of 500 μg/mL were combined and stored at 4°C for 1, 3, 6, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days. Separate mixtures of 1 mL of mountain cedar and IFA with 1 mL of human serum albumin were used as controls. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed, and protein bands were qualitatively analyzed for degradation. Results We detected 3 distinct IFA protein bands and 1 mountain cedar protein band. With respect to these bands, no protein degradation was observed during 6 months of study in the extract mixture compared with the controls. Conclusions Imported fire ant whole-body extract does not seem to degrade mountain cedar protein. Mixtures of allergenic extracts may be able to include IFA whole-body extract.
Changes in rubral multiunit activity after lesions in the interpositus nucleus of the cat

The initial effect of an acute lesion in the central nervous system is loss of neural function. With time, however, restorative processes, generally termed 'compensation', may result in some degree of recovery of neural function. The mechanisms involved in recovery may include morphological changes in synaptic connections, a process described as neuroplasticity. Direct evidence for neuroplasticity in the mature mammalian central nervous system has been presented (for recent reviews, see refs. 3-6). Electrophysiological studies of the rubrospinal tract in the cat have shown evidence of neuroplasticity in which sprouting of axonal terminals (collateral sprouting) is thought to occur in the red nucleus following partially deafferenting lesions ~4. The demonstration of synaptic reorganization in this nucleus is based on evidence that the two major inputs to this nucleus, corticorubral and interpositorubral fibers, make synaptic connection with two separate portions of the membranes of rubral neurons. Tsukahara and co-workers12, la showed in the intact cat that excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in rubral neurons by stimulating the ipsilateral pericruciate cortex had relatively slow rise times, long decay phases, and low peak amplitudes. EPSPs evoked by stimulating the contralateral interpositus nucleus displayed more rapid rise times, shorter decay phases, and greater peak amplitudes. They attributed these differences to segregation of synaptic terminals on rubral neurons, cortical fibers on distal dendrites and interpositus fibers on proximal dendrites and somas. The reorganization of cortical synaptic contacts on rubral neurons after partial deafferenration was investigated in chronic cats with lesions of the contralateral interpositus nucleus 14. They observed a progressive shortening of the rise times of cortically evoked EPSPs for 4~10 days after the lesions and no further change after longer intervals. These changes in cortically evoked EPSPs were thought to result from collateral sprouting of cortical fibers to innervate more proximal portions of rubral neurons. If neuroplasticity participates in the recovery of motor function after a lesion, it must do so not only through changes in postsynaptic potentials, but also through changes in patterns of spike activity directed toward brain stem and spinal nuclei. It is not clear what effect changes in EPSP wave forms may have on rubral spike activity. We have investigated this issue by recording spontaneous multiunit spike activity in
Supercritical carbon dioxide effects on some quality attributes of single strength orange juice

Supercritical carbon dioxide treatment of orange juice (OJ) can inactivate pectinesterase (PE). Effects of such treatment on OJ quality and sensory attributes were investigated. Treatment pressures (7–34 MPa), temperatures (35–60°C), and times (15–180 min) were studied. Treatment did not significantly change pH and °Brix values; however, it stabilized and enhanced cloud, even in presence of active PE; color was improved, and total acidity slightly decreased. Ascorbic acid was lower in controls than in supercritically treated samples. Sensory evaluations showed color and cloudiness of treated juice were better than in untreated juice. Flavor, aroma and overall acceptability were not significantly affected.
Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores with ozone and monochloramine

The inactivation kinetics of Bacillus subtilis spores with ozone and monochloramine was characterized by a lag phase followed by a pseudo-first-order rate of inactivation. The lag phase decreased and the post-lag phase rate constant increased with increasing temperature within the range investigated (1-30 degrees C for ozone, 1-20 degrees C for monochloramine). The corresponding activation energies were 46820 J/mol for ozone and 79640 J/mol for monochloramine. The CT concept was found to be valid within the concentration range investigated of 0.44-4.8 mg/l for ozone, and 3.8-7.7 mg/l as Cl(2) for monochloramine. The inactivation kinetics of B. subtilis spores with both ozone and monochloramine varied with pH within the range of pH 6-10 investigated. The fastest ozone and monochloramine inactivation rates were observed at pH 10 and 6, respectively. Different stocks of the same strain of B. subtilis spores had different resistance to ozone and monochloramine mainly because of discrepancies in the extent of the lag phase. B. subtilis spores might not be conservative surrogates for C. parvum oocysts for ozone disinfection at relatively low temperature mainly due to the spores having a lower activation energy compared to that for the oocysts. In contrast, the activation energy for monochloramine was comparable for both microorganisms but differences in the extent of the lag phase might result in the spores being overly conservative surrogates for the oocysts at relatively low temperature.
The effect of turbulent motion on the diffusion of microorganisms

The effect of turbulent fluid motion on the diffusion of simple organisms is discussed. The net reproduction rate and the turbulent flow are assumed to be Gaussian-correlated random variables. For homogeneous istropic turbulence, simple equations for the average concentration of the organisms are derived in terms of the energy density of the fluid. It is shown that the effective diffusivity generated by the motion is positive-definite, and is independent of the helicity of the flow.
Linear minimum-variance estimation and control in systems with state-dependent noise

A recursive, minimum-variance linear filter and controller is derived for systems in which white state-dependent noise appears in the system dynamics and measurements. The filter without control is a generalization of the Kalman filter and possesses many of its desirable properties. First, the discrete form of the filter is derived. By taking a formal limit, a continuous filter with convergence in distribution to an Ito representation is obtained. The concept of a perfect controller is given, showing the formal duality of the filter and controller with the stochastic controller derived by Wonham. Finally, some of the properties of the filter-controller system are illustrated through the use of a scalar example. It is shown that a filter-controller designed by neglecting the state-dependent noise can destabilize a dynamically stable system.
Radiation inactivation studies of the benzodiazepine/γ-aminobutyric acid/chloride ionophore receptor complex

: Radiation inactivation was used to estimate the molecular weight of the benzodiazepine (BZ), γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), and associated chloride ionophore (picrotoxinin/barbiturate) binding sites in frozen membranes prepared from rat forebrain. The target size of the BZ recognition site (as defined by the binding of the agonists [3H]diazepam and [3H]flunitrazepam, the antagonists [3H]Ro 15–1788 and [3H]CGS 8216, and the inverse agonist [3H]ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate) averaged 51,000 × 2,000 daltons. The presence or absence of GABA during irradiation had no effect on the target size of the BZ recognition site. The apparent molecular weight of the GABA binding site labelled with [3H]muscimol was identical to the BZ receptor when determined under identical assay conditions. However the target size of the picrotoxinin/barbiturate binding site labelled with the cage convulsant [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate was about threefold larger (138,000 daltons). The effects of lyophilization on BZ receptor binding activity and target size analysis were also determined. A decrease in the number of BZ binding sites (Bmax) was observed in the nonirradiated, lyophilized membranes compared with frozen membranes. Lyophilization of membranes prior to irradiation at – 135°C or 30°C resulted in a 53 and 151% increase, respectively, in the molecular weight (target size) estimates of the BZ recognition site when compared with frozen membrane preparations. Two enzymes were also added to the membrane preparations for subsequent target size analysis. In lyophilized preparations irradiated at 30°C, the target size for (i-galactosidase was also increased 71% when compared with frozen membrane preparations. In contrast, the target size for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not altered by lyophilization. Thus, in some cases lyophilization may lead to an increase in protein target size, possibly due to aggregation of protein subunits. We conclude that in frozen membrane preparations the functional target size of the BZ and GABA binding sites reflects the subunit molecular weights for the BZ/GABA/chloride ionophore receptor complex.
A 400-MHz processor for the conversion of rectangular to polar coordinates in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS

This paper describes the architecture and IC implementation of a rectangular-to-polar coordinate converter for digital communication applications. The architecture core uses small lookup ROMs, fast multipliers, and a single angle-rotation stage. Area and latency are reduced in comparison with traditional methods. The processor, implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m five-metal CMOS, has 14-b in-phase and quadrature channel inputs and 15-b magnitude and phase channel outputs. The phase and magnitude calculations have a maximum error of 0.00024 (0.0078% of /spl pi/) and 0.03 (1% of 2/spl radic/2), respectively. Computational latency is 19 cycles, and power dissipation is 470 mW at 2.5 V and 406 MHz (Mconversions/s).
Advances in Geology of the Porphyry Copper Deposits: Southwestern North America

This book summarizes recent advances in information on the porphyry copper deposits of southwestern North America. It is a sequel to a n earlier summary volume published by the same group in 1966. The new volume is indispensable for anyone interested in copper deposits and a valuable reference for those working in fields ranging from the petrology of silicic igneous rocks to the tectonic evolution of western North America. The volume is particularly significant because porphyry coppers are by far the most important class of deposits in terms of global copper reserves and, most importantly, because southwestern North America contains an unusually large number and variety of these deposits.
Radiological findings in bouveret's syndrome

Bouveret's syndrome is a rare form of gastric outlet obstruction occurring from passage of a gallstone through a cholecystoduodenal fistula with impaction at the pylorus. We report a case of a 63-year-old man who presented findings highly suggestive of Bouveret's syndrome on upper gastrointestinal series, abdominal computed tomography, and endoscopy.