cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL DESIRABILITY, ADJUSTMENT AND EFFECTIVENESS

Summary.-Measures of social desirability were correlated with measures of adjustment and effectiveness which were methodologically independent, i.e., structured personality tests. Different relationships were found in the two groups. Responding in a socially desirable manner seems to be complexly related to positive psychological health. The identification of response set or response style variables approximately 25 yr. ago has stimulated considerable speculation and research. Most consideration has been given to the response-set variable of social desirability, and many attempts have been made to limit, or to eliminate, the influence of this variable in personality tests. The extent to which these efforts have improved personality assessment has not yet been determined. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the social desirabiliry response and selected criterion variables of adjustment and effectiveness. Although originally it was found that response sets were contaminating factors to be eliminated, different viewpoints have been expressed. Jackson and Messick (1958) and Heilbrun (1964) have suggested that the social desirability variable is important and that it may be useful in the prediction of other life behavior. McGee (1962) pointed out a criterion problem that exists. Often it was found that the response-set variable was not correlated with methodologically independent observations, i.e., rypically other structured personality test scores. Strong methodological contamination was present in this type of approach. Specifically in this study, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) and the Edwards Social Desirability Scale (Edwards, 1953) were related to a measure of adjustment, Rotter's Incomplete Sentence Blank (Rotter & Rafferry, 1950). and a measure of effectiveness, the Personality Integration Reputation Test (Duncan, 1966), which were methodologically independent. Based upon Heilbrun's (1964) contention that the relationship berween social desirability and psychological health is linear and positive, it was hypothesized that a positive linear relationship would exist between the measures of social desirability and those of adjustment and effectiveness. The degree to which this relationship was found was thought to provide some indication as to the extent to which both adjustment and effectiveness are related to social desirabiliry. The total membership of two sororities at a large midwestern university took part in this study. The first sorority, Group I, provided 54 Ss. The second sorority, Group 11, used as a replication group, provided 35 Ss. There was a significant positive relationship within both groups between responding in a socially desirable fashion on the Edwards and responding in an adjusted manner on the Rotter (r = .24 in Group I and T = .22 in Group 11). The relationship between the Edwards and Marlowe-Crowne differed in the two groups. In Group I r was .50 and in Group 11, although positive, T was only .15.
Recent advances in the prevention and treatment of skin cancer using photodynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive procedure that involves a photosensitizing drug and its subsequent activation by light to produce reactive oxygen species that specifically destroy target cells. Recently, PDT has been widely used in treating non-melanoma skin malignancies, the most common cancer in the USA, with superior cosmetic outcomes compared with conventional therapies. The topical 'photosensitizers' commonly used are 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and its esterified derivative methyl 5-aminolevulinate, which are precursors of the endogenous photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. After treatment with ALA or methyl 5-aminolevulinate, protoporphyrin IX preferentially accumulates in the lesion area of various skin diseases, which allows not only PDT treatment but also fluorescence diagnosis with ALA-induced porphyrins. Susceptible lesions include various forms of non-melanoma skin cancer such as actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The most recent and promising developments in PDT include the discovery of new photosensitizers, the exploitation of new drug delivery systems and the combination of other modalities, which will all contribute to increasing PDT therapeutic efficacy and improving outcome. This article summarizes the main principles of PDT and its current clinical use in the management of non-melanoma skin cancers, as well as recent developments and possible future research directions.
Theory and the Ideal Type of the Professional: The Case of the Funeral Director

A content analysis was performed on funeral directors' journal articles for the years 1905, 1939, and 1963. The funeral directors showed distinct theoretical orientations for the respective time periods under consideration: in 1905, theory was presented in the form of a “sanitizing” orientation; in 1939 it had a “naturalizing” orientation; and in 1963, it had a “sympathizing” orientation. Possible reasons for the change are conjectured on three levels: interprofessional, intraprofessional, and supraprofessional.
Recurrence risk for preterm delivery.

Objective To estimate recurrence risk of preterm delivery in third births. Study Design We conducted a population-based cohort study of Missouri mothers who delivered 3 consecutive singleton live births during 1989-1997. The recurrence risk was computed for 4 cohorts based on prior preterm delivery status and adjusted using Mantel-Haenszel stratified analysis. Results The study population included 19,025 third births. The recurrence risk ranged from 42% (for women with 2 prior preterm deliveries), through 21% (term/preterm) and 13% (preterm/term), to 5% (term/term). The recurrence risk was highest (57%) for women with 2 prior very preterm deliveries (21-31 weeks) and lowest (33%) for those with 2 prior moderate preterm deliveries (32-36 weeks). The recurrence risk was less pronounced for women with 1 prior very or moderate preterm delivery. Conclusion These data show a strong association between prior preterm delivery and recurrence risk, which is affected by the frequency, order, and severity of prior preterm births.
Layer growth in Au-Pb/In solder joints

The solid state reaction between a Pb-In solder alloy and thin film Au has been investigated at ten aging temperatures ranging from 70 to 170°C. Also, bulk Au-solder samples were aged at 150°C for metallographic analysis. No significant difference was found between the aging behavior of thin and bulk Au specimens. A thin single phase layer of Au9In4 was found adjacent to Au while a thick two-phase layer of AuIn2 and Pb was found between Au9In4 and solder. The Pb phase was shown to have considerable mobility and able to ripen at room temperature. Peculiar planar interface instabilities and voids in the Au-Au9In4 interface were found. Although the total layer thicknessvs aging time data could be closely fitted with a power law relationship, it was shown that a linear relationship also fits well and is consistent with accepted metallurgical concepts. An activation energy of 0.61 eV was found by regression analysis of the intermetallic growth kinetics.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE ACTIVITY FROM 'LACTIC ACID PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISMS'.

THE relationship of the micro-organisms of the pleuropneumonia group (PPLO, Mycoplasmatales) to the true bacteria is uncertain. Two general explanations have been advanced to explain the nature of this group and its relation to other micro-organisms1: one holds that pleuropneumonia organisms are a natural biological class; the other that PPLO are an assemblage of the stable L forms of various bacteria.
Vagal tone during quiet sleep in normal human term fetuses.

The purpose of this paper was to calculate vagal tone (V) for 17 normal human fetuses in quiet sleep (QS) between 36 and 40 weeks gestation. The fetal cardiac electrical signal was captured transabdominally in 3-min blocks at a rate of 833 times per second and fetal R-waves were extracted using adaptive signal processing techniques. Fetal R-wave interbeat intervals were converted to equally spaced, time-based data, and the low-frequency component was removed using a 21-point third-order moving polynomial. The parameter V was calculated by taking the natural logarithm of the sum of the power densities between 0.3 Hz and 1.3 Hz. We found that fetal breathing was associated with an approximately 25% increase in V as compared to nonbreathing, 3.33 ± 0.48 versus 2.57 The Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology 0.47, p < 0.0001. Furthermore, there was a significant linear relationship between the mean single-fetus V during spontaneous respiration and the mean single-fetus V during normally occurring apneic periods, r = 0.772, p < 0.002. We conclude that respiratory activity is associated with a significant increase in vagal tone for normal human fetuses in QS.©1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation and Quantification of Ultrafine Particles through Terpene/Ozone Reaction in a Chamber Setting

Terpene/ozone reactions produce gas- and condensed-phase products and thus contribute to both indoor and outdoor aerosol. These reactions may be important in indoor settings, where terpenes are generated from indoor sources and ambient ozone can reach significant levels. Moreover, airway irritation has been observed in mice exposed to terpene oxidation products (OPs). The aim of this study was to characterize a system for generating and quantifying ultrafine particles formed through terpene/ozone reactions in preparation for inhalation toxicology experiments. Two common monoterpenes, f -pinene and d -limonene, and a hemiterpene, isoprene, were investigated. Ozone and gas-phase terpene were introduced continuously into a reaction flow tube, from which reaction products entered a plexiglass chamber. Particle number, mass, and size distribution (∼15-750 nm) were monitored in the chamber for various reactant concentrations and air exchange rates (AERs). In all experiments, ozone was the limiting reagent and t...
Confined chaotic motion in three-body resonances: trapping of trans-Neptunian material induced by gas-drag

Jiang & Yeh proposed gas-drag-induced resonant capture as a mechanism able to explain the dominant 3:2 resonance observed in the trans-Neptunian belt. Using a model of a disc-star-planet system they concluded that gaseous drag in a protoplanetary disc can trap trans-Neptunian object (TNO) embryos into the 3:2 resonance rather easily although it could not trap objects into the 2:1 resonance. Here we further investigate this scenario using numerical simulations within the context of the planar restricted four-body problem by including both present-day Uranus and Neptune. Our results show that mean motion and corotation resonances are possible and trapping into both the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances as well as other resonances is observed. The associated corotation centres may easily form larger planetesimals from smaller ones. Corotation resonances evolve into pure Lindblad resonances in a time-scale of 0.5 Myr. The non-linear corotation and mean motion resonances produced are very size selective. The 3:2 resonance is dominant for submetric particles but for larger particles the 2:1 resonance is stronger. In summary, our calculations show that confined chaotic motion around the resonances not only increases trapping efficiency but also the orbital eccentricities of the trapped material, modifying the relative abundance of trapped particles in different resonances. If we assume a more compact planetary system, instead of using the present-day values of the orbital elements of Uranus and Neptune, our results remain largely unchanged.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in schizophrenic and affective patients.

Water-suppressed 1H magnetic resonance spectra were recorded from two brain regions of psychiatric patients and normal volunteers. The two regions studied were (a) the basal ganglia structures surrounding the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and (b) the occipital cortex. N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), phosphocreatine-creatine (PCr-Cr), choline and inositol resonances were seen in both regions. Ratios of metabolite peak integrals to PCr-Cr peak integral were calculated for each spectrum. To control for partial volume effects, comparisons between patients and controls were made only from identical regions i.e. basal ganglia vs basal ganglia, and likewise for occipital cortex. Metabolite ratios from the occipital region of patients were similar to those from the occipital region of normal subjects. Bipolar patients being treated with lithium had elevated NAA/PCr-Cr in the basal ganglia region when compared to normals. These patients also demonstrated elevated choline/PCr-Cr and inositol/PCr-Cr ratios in the basal ganglia region.
Degradation of chloroacetanilide herbicides by anodic fenton treatment.

Anodic Fenton treatment (AFT) is an electrochemical treatment employing the Fenton reaction for the generation of hydroxyl radicals, strong oxidants that can degrade organic compounds via hydrogen abstraction. AFT has potential use for the remediation of aqueous pesticide waste. The degradation rates of chloroacetanilides by AFT were investigated in this work, which demonstrates that AFT can be used to rapidly and completely remove chloroacetanilide herbicides from aqueous solutions. Acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor were treated by AFT, and parent compound concentrations were analyzed over the course of the treatment time. Degradation curves were plotted and fitted by the AFT kinetic model for each herbicide, and AFT model kinetic parameters were used to calculate degradation rate constants. The reactivity order of these five active ingredients toward hydroxyl radical was acetochlor ≈ metolachlor > butachlor ≈ alachlor > propachlor. Treatment of the chloroacetanilides by AFT re...
Cholesterol movement between bovine rod outer segment disk membranes and phospholipid vesicles

The ability of cholesterol to move between bovine rod outer segment disk membranes and phospholipid membranes was examined. Disk membranes were incubated with small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles containing varying amounts of cholesterol. Aliquots were removed at specific times, and then the disks and the vesicles were separated by centrifugation and assayed for phospholipid and cholesterol content. When incubated with vesicles containing no cholesterol, the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio in the disk membrane was reduced due to migration of cholesterol from the disks into the vesicles. The cholesterol content of these cholesterol depleted disks could be readily returned to the normal disk cholesterol content by incubation of the cholesterol-depleted disks with small unilamellar vesicles containing high cholesterol. An apparent partition coefficient K, was calculated as the quotient of the cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio in the donor membranes and the cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio in the acceptor membranes. The value of K was approximately 1 at cholesterol levels below normal disk cholesterol content, for disk membranes and phosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles. Inclusion of phosphatidylethanolamine in the small unilamellar vesicle acceptor raised K, indicating that phosphatidylethanolamine creates an unfavorable environment for cholesterol. The cholesterol to phospholipid ratio of native disks could be increased by incubation withphosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles (donor) which contained higher amounts of cholesterol than the disk membrane acceptor. In these experiments the distribution of cholesterol between disks and small unilamellar vesicles always favored the vesicles. The apparent partition coefficient was 1·7 at several cholesterol levels above the native disk cholesterol content. Liposomes made from lipid extracted from the disk membranes behaved in the same manner as intact disks with respect to cholesterol distribution at equilibrium. The phospholipid content of the disk membrane may be an important factor in determining the cholesterol content of the disk membrane.
An Easy-To-Use Combination Four-Terminal-Pair/Two-Terminal-Pair AC Transformer Bridge.

A new four-terminal-pair bridge, capable of achieving a relative standard uncertainty of 1×10-9, was constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology by converting a two-terminal-pair bridge. The conversion requires only the addition of components which are easily removed if two-terminal-pair measurements are to be made. The design and testing of this bridge is described. The new four-terminal-pair bridge requires fewer auxiliary balances than the present four-terminal-pair bridge employed at NIST, which makes it much easier to use. This new design can be used to compare capacitance, resistance, and inductance standards.
A Systematic Review of Behavioral Headache Interventions With an Aerobic Exercise Component

Background Behavioral approaches have been found to be effective in managing chronic headache. Recently, attention has been given to the role of exercise in chronic headache management, although much of the literature addresses it as a monotherapy. The current review assesses the effectiveness of exercise as an adjunct to other behavioral treatments for chronic headache. Objective To evaluate the methodology and outcomes of studies using behavioral headache interventions with an aerobic exercise component. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed and PsychInfo to identify studies that offered or recommended aerobic exercise as part of a multicomponent treatment for headaches. The search included only those articles that were written in English and published in academic journals. Results Nine studies met inclusion criteria, of which 2 were randomized controlled trials. Despite methodological limitations, results of existing studies suggest that the behavioral headache interventions that include aerobic exercise may be associated with positive outcomes for headache variables. Four single-group studies reported statistically significant improvements in at least 1 headache variable at the end of treatment. Both randomized controlled trials and 1 non-randomized trial reported statistically significant post-treatment improvement in at least 1 headache outcome variable in the intervention group compared with control groups. Conclusions Incorporating exercise into behavioral headache treatments appears to be promising, but as studies to date have not evaluated the individual contribution of exercise, its role in managing headache symptoms is unclear. Further work is needed to evaluate the unique role of exercise in such treatment programs. Recommendations for future research include adhering to published guidelines for clinical trial design and reporting, adhering to existing guidelines for headache research (such as reporting outcome data for multiple headache variables), developing exercise prescriptions based on public health recommendations, and reporting all aspects of exercise prescriptions.
The price of the market: pursuit of self-interest as annihilation of self

The paper criticizes the view that the market provides for the well-being of individuals by offering the widest field for the pursuit of self-interest. It argues, first, that this view is disastrously mistaken because it misunderstands what individuals are, but, second, that proponents of this view—notably Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations and the neoclassical economists—actually show the opposite of what they claim: that is, they show that pursuit of self-interest in the market is the annihilation of self. Thus, the proponents of the view show that it is untenable and at least point toward the terms necessary for a more adequate alternative. The paper then asks whether the market must be like this, first, through considering a line of thought on the possibility of a non-predatory market that runs from Aristotle, through the Italian Civil Happiness school, to modern socialist writers. Second, it offers an alternative view of the individual, according to which individuality is in part constituted through substantial relations with other individuals, a version of which can be found in Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments and Lectures on Jurisprudence. On the basis of these two discussions, a market order that sustains rather than destroys individuals can be imagined. However, this order would have lost many central characteristics of the capitalist market order.
Role of Secondary Phase in High Power Piezoelectric PMN‐PZT Ceramics

This study reports the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbZrO3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMN-PZT), 2 mol% MnO2-doped 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbZrO3-0.35PbTiO3 (MnO2+PMN-PZT), and 0.06Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.34Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.25PbZrO3-0.35PbTiO3 (PMnN+PMN-PZT) ceramics. The results show that MnO2 modification results in the formation of MgO secondary phase which promotes grain growth and reduces the electromechanical properties. We conclusively demonstrate that Mn2+ acts as pervoskite stabilizer in Pb-based (1:2) relaxors and leads to the formation of divalent oxide secondary phase. Modification with PMnN avoids the formation of MgO and provides combinatory doping effect with smaller grain sizes.
The “oxygenated complex” of cytochrome c oxidase

Abstract The conformational effects associated with the oxygenation of reduced cytochrome c oxidase have been investigated by Soret circular dichroism measurements of solutions at pH 7.2 and at 2°. The series of curves with increasing oxygenation indicates the formation of at least one distinct intermediate with an isodichroic point at 439 nm. The curves in the latter part of the saturation region constitute a distinct set with an isodichroic point at 435 nm, and the final CD spectrum (with a maximum at 427 nm) is distinct from the spectra of the starting material, reduced oxidase, the intermediate, and oxidized oxidase. The oxygenation of the oxidized CO complex results in a Soret spectrum indistinguishable from that of oxygen-saturated reduced oxidase. From these observations it has been concluded that the so-called “oxygenated complex” of cytochrome c oxidase is a conformationally distinct molecular species of the protein, the formation of which from reduced oxidase by molecular oxygen proceeds through at least one distinct intermediate, and that the valence state and the configuration of the heme a iron of component a , and of both copper atoms, are identical to those in the oxidized CO complex— i , e ., ferric and cupric, respectively.
Cisplatin‐5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy for advanced inoperable squamous carcinoma of the head and neck

Patients with locally advanced, inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were offered three courses of cisplatin and 96-h 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion. Subsequent therapy included surgery when feasible, irradiation therapy, and a maintenance program of methotrexate (MTX)-5-FU. Thirty-three patients were evaluated prospectively. Seven patients underwent a single course of chemotherapy. Five patients underwent two courses of chemotherapy. Twenty-one patients underwent three courses of adjuvant chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 48% (16 of 33). Fifteen of 21 patients (76%) receiving three courses of chemotherapy evidenced a response; this included three complete responses (CRs) (9%). No responses were seen in patients receiving only one or two courses of chemotherapy. Among responding patients, the initial favorable response to chemotherapy was apparent after the first course of chemotherapy. Patients who failed to demonstrate any response after two courses of chemotherapy did not respond after a third course. A significant group of patients fail to respond and should be offered participation in other investigational protocols as they become available.
The Correlated Response of Relative Aggressiveness to Selection for Body Weight and Breast Angle in Chickens

Abstract THE associated changes of unselected characteristics in single trait selection experiments are known as correlated responses. When two traits are genetically correlated, a change in the mean genotypic value of the selected characteristic is associated by a concomitant change in the genotypic value of the unselected characteristic. The change is proportional to the genetic correlation between the characteristics and the ratio of the square roots of the genetic variances of the selected and unselected traits. Discussions of the theory of correlated responses and outlines of computational procedures have been given by Lerner (1950) and Falconer (1960). In a double selection experiment, Siegel (1962a) mass selected chickens for high and low body weights and broad and narrow breast angles. The purpose of this paper is to present data on the correlated response of relative aggressiveness during the course of those two-way selection experiments. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seven inbred lines of White…
Anarchism and American Labor

An aged Italian-American Communist, whose memories reached back before the First World War, took me by surprise in defending the arch-anarchist and advocate of terrorism, Luigi Galleani, deported from the U.S. in 1919. "Galleani told people how to live," the old man emphasized, "and that was important."1 This ethical, cultural aspect reached across the two men's differences about the state, the party and the role of unions. In some ways, one could say, practically nothing remained of anarchism in Europe (except in Spain) and the U.S. after 1910 but morality. Such an insight, however, threatens to hide a subtler truth. Anarchism put forward a distinctive world-view, non-determinist and even non-materialist, for the
Switching, hysteresis and time delay in charge-density-wave conduction

Abstract A simple model based on the dynamics of coupled charge density wave domains is proposed to account for the sudden onset of nonlinear conduction, hysteresis in the current voltage characteristics and time delay phenomena, often observed in several model compounds. We suggest that while the overdamped phase dynamics does not lead to hysteretic behavior in the single or infinite degree of freedom limit, finite degrees of freedom restore this phenomenon.
An impurity present in some samples of SIN-1 oxidizes it to nitric oxide in anaerobic solutions

N-Morpholino-N-nitrosoaminoacetonitrile (SIN-1), a nitrovasodilator metabolite of the drug, molsidomine, is widely used in studies on the pharmacology and toxicology of nitric oxide (NO) because solutions of SIN-1 'spontaneously' release NO in a pathway involving molecular oxygen. Preliminary results, however, suggested that SIN-1 could react with hemoglobin in anaerobic solutions to release NO and form NO-hemoglobin. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies showed that heme(III) of methemoglobin was not being reduced, thereby not serving as the oxidant in the reaction generating NO-hemoglobin. When anaerobic solutions of SIN-1 and hemoglobin kept in the light and in the dark were compared, substantially more NO-hemoglobin was eventually generated in the dark, indicating that SIN-1 did not undergo photochemical decomposition to NO under the conditions used. Solutions of NO-hemoglobin were equally stable under these same conditions of light and dark. The initial pH (7.0) of stirred, unbuffered solutions of SIN-1 decreased at nearly the same rate whether or not oxygen was present. Anaerobic and aerobic solutions plateaued at the same pH, namely 5.4. Anaerobic solutions of SIN-1 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, released NO to the gas phase, where it was identified by trapping it with hemoglobin on agarose beads and deriving the characteristic NO-hemoglobin EPR spectrum. High pressure liquid chromatography revealed the presence of an unknown species with a retention time between that of SIN-1 and molsidomine. Samples from two different lots of SIN-1 contained this impurity which appears to oxidize SIN-1 to products that release NO in the absence of oxygen. This unknown impurity may be unstable toward light.
Disease of the Urinary System of Commonly Kept Rodents: Diagnosis and Treatment

Urinary-tract disease is relatively common in pet rodents. Diagnostic principles and management regimens for these species are essentially the same as those used for dogs and cats with urinary-tract disease. The most common disorders of the urinary system include urolithiasis in guinea pigs, chronic interstitial nephritis in aged gerbils, amyloidosis and arteriolar nephrosclerosis in hamsters, chronic progressive nephrosis in rats, and neoplasia in both mice and rats. Many of the disorders are more common in geriatric rodents and may present late in the course of the disease. Supportive care for renal failure in all species is similar: dietary restriction of protein and calcium, fluid therapy, unrestricted water, and husbandry changes to accommodate increased urine output.
A double-blind, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis

Abstract Background: Azelastine solution is a topically (nasal) administered antiallergy drug with a preclinical profile suggestive of efficacy in patients with allergic rhinitis. Objectives: The study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of two dosages of azelastine nasal spray (2 sprays per nostril once daily and twice daily) with that of placebo in the treatment of patients with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis. Methods: Two hundred fifty-one patients (12 years of age or older) were randomized to treatment in this 2-week, double-blind, parallel-group study. Primary efficacy variables were Major Symptom Complex (nose blows, sneezes, runny nose, itchy nose, watery eyes) and Total Symptoms Complex (Major Symptom Complex plus itchy eyes/ears/throat/palate, cough, postnasal drip). Results: Patients treated with azelastine had mean percent improvements in Total and Major Symptom Complex scores that were consistently superior to placebo at each evaluation point. Overall, improvements were statistically significant ( p ⩽ 0.05) in the Total Symptoms Complex for both azelastine groups and in the Major Symptom Complex for the twice daily group with a trend toward statistical significance for the once daily group. Azelastine was superior to placebo in improving all individual rhinitis symptoms. Adverse experiences in the azelastine groups were minor and infrequent. Conclusion: The results support the efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Complex examples of the Dowd–Beckwith rearrangement: a free radical route to 2-oxabicyclo 〚3.3.0〛octan-3,6-diones

Abstract The synthesis of 8-iodooxabicyclo〚3.2.1〛octanes from substituted benzoic acids via a reductive alkylation–halolactonization sequence is described. These iodolactones were converted to 2-oxabicyclo〚3.3.0〛octane derivatives upon treatment with either allyltri-n-butylstannane or tri-n-butylstannane via a process that involves a Dowd–Beckwith rearrangement. The scope and limitations of this process are discussed.
Cosmeto-Textiles: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

The skin is the largest human organ. Its care and health are, therefore, essential. The skin can only be healthy and attractive when it is in balance. The pre-requisites for healthy skin are: the moisture content, the protective function, elasticity and cell renewal. All of these parameters are supported by applying pharmaceuticals and wellness substances. Pharmaceutical law defines the former as substances and compositions of substances that are applied to or in the human body to heal, ease, prevent or detect illness, pain, bodily injury or disease symptoms. Wellness substances are substances able to enhance the sense of overall wellbeing in all physical and mental aspects of life, and bring the mind, body and spirit in harmony with the nature. The newest movement in beauty is the hybrid of textiles and cosmetics called Cosmeto-Wear: consumers, especially ladies, expect clothing to have a positive effect on the conditions of their skin. Hence, finishers are being asked to create products that offer new and/or improved functions. In recent years, textile materials with special applications in the cosmetic field have been developed. A new sector of cosmetic textiles is opened up and several cosmetic textile products are currently available in the market. There are essentially two different ways of manufacturing cosmetic textiles, they are the binding of microencapsulated cosmetic components or the fabric coating by active finishes. This paper describes the fabrication technologies of cosmeto-textiles, discussing the choice of active components and the problem of their unwanted loss during washing, as well as the trend of cosmeto-textile industry in view of consumers demands.
Structural basis for scaffolding-mediated assembly and maturation of a dsDNA virus

Formation of many dsDNA viruses begins with the assembly of a procapsid, containing scaffolding proteins and a multisubunit portal but lacking DNA, which matures into an infectious virion. This process, conserved among dsDNA viruses such as herpes viruses and bacteriophages, is key to forming infectious virions. Bacteriophage P22 has served as a model system for this study in the past several decades. However, how capsid assembly is initiated, where and how scaffolding proteins bind to coat proteins in the procapsid, and the conformational changes upon capsid maturation still remain elusive. Here, we report Cα backbone models for the P22 procapsid and infectious virion derived from electron cryomicroscopy density maps determined at 3.8- and 4.0-A resolution, respectively, and the first procapsid structure at subnanometer resolution without imposing symmetry. The procapsid structures show the scaffolding protein interacting electrostatically with the N terminus (N arm) of the coat protein through its C-terminal helix-loop-helix motif, as well as unexpected interactions between 10 scaffolding proteins and the 12-fold portal located at a unique vertex. These suggest a critical role for the scaffolding proteins both in initiating the capsid assembly at the portal vertex and propagating its growth on a T = 7 icosahedral lattice. Comparison of the procapsid and the virion backbone models reveals coordinated and complex conformational changes. These structural observations allow us to propose a more detailed molecular mechanism for the scaffolding-mediated capsid assembly initiation including portal incorporation, release of scaffolding proteins upon DNA packaging, and maturation into infectious virions.
Explicit Constructions of the Fundamental Representations of the Symplectic Lie Algebras

Abstract We give two constructions for each fundamental representation of sp(2n, C ). We also present quantum versions of these constructions. These are explicit in the sense of the Gelfand–Tsetlin constructions of the irreducible representations of gl(n, C ): we explicitly specify the matrix elements for certain generators of sp(2n, C ) with respect to each of the two explicit bases presented. In fact, our constructions appear to have been the first such infinite family of explicit constructions of irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras since the Gelfand–Tsetlin constructions were obtained in 1950. Our approach is combinatorial; the key idea is to find a suitable family of partially ordered sets on which to present the action of the Lie algebra, and then to use these posets to produce the bases and the actions of the generators. Our constructions of the fundamental representations of sp(2n, C ) take place on two families of posets which we call “symplectic lattices.” Previously (1999, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A88, 217–234), we used these representation constructions to confirm a conjecture of Reiner and Stanton concerning one of these families of lattices.
Discussion on: “Development and Experimental Verification of a Mobile Client-Centric Networked Controlled System”

The paper under discussion [12] presents the analytical results underlying the authors’ design of a networked control system (NCS) operating over a cellular network. Their formulation fits the common framework [7, 14], in which there are transmission delays present in the sensor/controller and controller/actuator paths. One key difference between this work and existing literature relates to the use of a client-centric system, which is mandated by security issues. However, this seems to make little to no functional difference in the implementation or resulting analysis. The chief theoretical results of the paper are based upon linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory. In particular, the authors have provided an interesting, LMI-derived analytical result for ascertaining the stability of a networked control system with delays. Some existing work [4] has pursued similar derivations for systems with time-varying delays without applying the results directly to networked control systems; a complementary approach [1] provided LMIs that could be used to guarantee the stability of an undelayed networked control system under packet losses. Another key point in the work here is that the authors assume that the application of control signals and delivery of state information happens on the boundaries of sampling intervals. This approach is advantageous to their analytical approach, which augments the system with delayed state measurements up to a certain bound. Moreover, it provides results for situations in which the delay is greater than the sampling period, a scenario that is often neglected in NCS research, but fairly common in wide-area networks. In summary, their different viewpoints plus the development of an endto-end system under quite restrictive bandwidth and delay constraints is of obvious value to the progress toward a larger vision of networked control. The Bigger Picture
The Issue-Event Distinction: A Rule of Conversation and Its Scope Condition

Earlier research identified a conversational rule of relevance that states, “when a conversation is seen to possess an issue-event structure the preferred type of extension is a remark that continues the issue.” This study reports an experiment that investigates the generalizability of that earlier research and tests two conditions hypothesized to limit application of the rule. The limiting conditions are posited on the basis of a cognitive principle and universal concerns for face. The first principle, discourse comprehensibility, is found to have a strong impact on the applicability of the rule. The second condition, message importance, is not; instead, the relevance rule is found to apply across levels of message importance. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed and implications of this research for further investigation of conversational rules and for training concerns are presented.
Mechanical modeling of a wrinkled fingertip immersed in water

Fingertips often wrinkle after extended exposure to water. The underlying mechanics issues, in particular the critical parameters governing the wrinkled morphology, are studied by using both finite element simulation and analytical modeling. The wrinkling behaviors, characterized by the wrinkle-to-wrinkle distance (wavelength), wrinkle depth (amplitude) and critical wrinkling stress/strain, are investigated as the geometry and material parameters of the fingertip are varied. A simple reduced model is employed to understand the effect of finger curvature and skin thickness, whereas a more refined full anatomical model provides the basis for analyzing the effect of a multilayered skin structure. The simulation results demonstrate that the stiffness of the stratum corneum and the dermal layer in the skin has a large effect on the wrinkling behavior, which agrees well with the analytical predictions. From the uncovered mechanical principles, potential ways for effectively slowing down and suppressing skin wrinkles are proposed; among them, increasing the modulus of the dermal layer in the skin appears to be the most effective.
Optimal attribute ranking in multiple attribute tree

In a Multiple Attribute Tree (MAT) based data organization, the average case response to a specific range query depends on the structural properties of MAT. These structural properties depend very much on the interrelationships among the data elements. Efficiency in searching can be achieved by exploiting the data properties in the construction of MAT. The order or ranking of attributes is a key factor in deciding the profile of the MAT for given data. In this paper, we estimate the average cost of a range query in MAT based data organization. We then prove that the average performance can be improved by ranking the attributes in such a way that the average size of the filial sets decreases towards the lower levels of the tree structure.
Lymphocyte interactions with the vascular endothelium in systemic sclerosis

L ymphocytes interact with the vascular endothelium in health and in disease. This interaction is documented substantially by in vivo and in vitro studies.* Recent studies have focused on the definition of pathways for this interaction in the process of T-cell maturation when the primitive T-cell precursors reach the thymus, in lymphocytes homing to lymph nodes, and in memory T-cell recruitment to sites of tissue inflammation. The vascular endothelium facilitates this interaction by expressing surface molecules that interact congenially with corresponding ligands on the enticed lymphocytes. This process should, and usually does, leave the endothelium intact and ready to perform the next expected endothelial functional assignment. Nonetheless, only in scleroderma (SSc) does this cellular interactive process leave the vascular endothelium in a state of functional and structural disarray. The chronology of endothelial dysregulation in SSc is beyond the scope of this review; still, it is important to remember that studies have described evidence of vascular damage and dysfunction in SSc, including ultrastructural and functional endothelial changes in association with alteration in endothelial cell (EC) products, “f-VIII-ag and ACE” 2-4 and evidence for platelet activation and release of platelet-specific proteins.5 Recent studies emphasized the fact that mononuclear cells are seen early in SSc around the small blood vessels, in association with signs of endothelial injury and enhanced mRNA expression of Type I and III collagen by the surrounding fibroblasts.6 Mononuclear cells may influence vascular and fibrotic events in SSc by direct cell -
TRH and histidyl-proline diketopiperazine inhibit cholesterol synthesis in dog intestine

Low concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and one of its metabolites, histidyl-proline diketopiperazine, are shown to have an inhibitory effect on the activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase which occurs during organ culture of canine intestinal mucosa. Somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, in contrast, are shown to have no effect. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, recently shown to be present in gut mucosa, may be a physiological regulator of intestinal cholesterol synthesis. Histidyl-proline diketopiperazine, an active metabolite of the hormone, is possibly the active agent since its inhibitory effect was observed at a concentration as low as 10−12 M. These observations demonstrate an effect on intestinal metabolism by a neurotransmitter-like hormone at potentially physiologic concentrations.
Multicomponent (n ≥ 3) Sorption Isotherms in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: The Effect of Immobilized Eluent on the Retention of Analytes

The experimental technique of tracer pulse chromatography was used to simultaneously measure the uptake of eluent components by a C18-bonded reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) packing and the retention factors for a series of test analytes over the full range of eluent composition for methanol and acetonitrile with water. The primary objective of the research was to determine whether or not the uptake of eluent components immobilized as part of the stationary phase would influence the retention of analyte standards. Both acetonitrile and methanol were absorbed in or adsorbed on the C18-bonded phase with the maximum amount of acetonitrile sorbed being about four times that of methanol. The thermodynamic void volume of the column and the excess sorption isotherms of acetonitrile, methanol, and water in binary aqueous/organic mixtures were determined directly from the tracer pulse experiments. The absolute sorption isotherms of the eluent components were indirectly estimated by a combination of tech...
On plume rise within a convective boundary layer

Abstract Photographic observations of buoyant emissions from a model stack within a laboratory convectively mixed layer provide the data base from which plume envelopes and centerline heights are determined. Our measurements suggest that where X = (w ∗ /U)x/h exceeds a few tenths, the parameter F ∗ = F/(Uw 2 ∗ h) is an appropriate dimensionless measure of the plume buoyancy. Here, πF is the flux of buoyancy from the stack, U is the mean wind speed, w ∗ is the ambient convective velocity scale, h is the height of the mixed layer and x is the downwind distance from the stack. F s * must exceed a value near 0.02 for effects of plume buoyancy to become appreciable. The two-thirds power law plume rise formula is found to progressively overestimate the plume centerline rise rate except close to the source. This discrepancy is attributed to plume dilution due to ambient turbulence. The downwind distance at which ambient turbulence leads to plume ‘breakdown’ is estimated by noting the location of a sharp increase in plume diameter growth rate. The larger the value off, the greater the value of X at which the mean plume lower edge first touches the ground. For F ∗ ∼- 0.1 a significant portion of the effluent is temporarily trapped near the top of the mixed layer, resulting in a highly skewed vertical distribution of pollutant concentration for X exceeding about 1. The Briggs ‘touchdown’ equation adequately describes the ground-level touchdown distance for 0.01 ∗ when w d w ∗ assumes a value of about 0.6, where w d is the average convective downdraft speed.
Minireview: A plethora of estrogen receptors in the brain: where will it end?

Until 1996, when estrogen receptor (ER)-β was discovered, life seemed simple. The gonadal steroid hormone 17β-estradiol had one receptor, the ER, a ligand-inducible nuclear transcription factor. ER variants, the result of base pair insertions, transitions, and deletions, as well as alternative splicing, were considered abnormal and a prominent feature of breast cancer. Since then, like many other scientific beliefs, this concept has increased dramatically in complexity, and we are now faced with an ever-increasing array of estrogen-binding proteins, putative ERs, in the brain as well as in the extraneural targets of estrogen. The end is unlikely to be in sight. Some of these putative receptors have been localized to plasma or nuclear membranes, and others to the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. The molecular characteristics of membrane ERs are still in question, and, in most instances, the proteins have not been sequenced or cloned. However, based on transfection and immunohistochemistry, the generally held view...
Adaptive noise cancellation for two frequency radars using frequency doubling passive RF tags

The use of adaptive noise cancellation technique was explored in order to separate sources of motion for a two frequency Doppler radar system. Simulations and experiments were performed. The reference signal was obtained from a harmonic radar system using passive harmonic tags. The tag signal was effectively cancelled from data simultaneously obtained from a 2.45 GHz Doppler radar, facilitating the monitoring of un-tagged source of motion and providing reliable information about both motions.