cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Uses of Music

Musical therapy is an umbrella term encompassing a variety of activities that take place in social, educational, and hospital settings. These range from simple group singing through sophisticated psychologically oriented uses of programmed orchestration. The increasing recognition of musical therapy as a unique profession is attested to by the many universities that presently offer curriculums leading to the degree of music therapist. Although the music therapist is the primary professional in this field, many of the same functions are carried on by school teachers, social directors, and volunteers.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Key Challenges and innovative approach for using social media marketing (SMM)

Social Media has revolutionized personal, professional, and commercial cross-communication and interaction, force marketers to revise their policies on product development, pricing, distribution, and branding.
Cancerization of eccrine sweat ducts in Bowen's disease as studied by light microscopy, DNA spectrophotometry and immunohistochemistry

This study assesses the incidence, histogenesis, and significance of eccrine sweat duct involvement in Bowen's disease (BD). In a review of 96 cases of BD, four showed eccrine duct involvement on hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections. One case was analyzed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy by using computerized image analysis on Feulgen-stained slides. Sections were also stained immunohistochemically, using antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP), and S-100 protein, and for cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, AE 1/3). Our results showed that, in BD, (a) the eccrine sweat ducts can be extensively involved by atypical cells, (b) the atypical eccrine duct cells had an aneuploid DNA pattern, and (c) the atypical eccrine duct cells were negative for CEA, GCDFP, and S-100 protein but were positive for cytokeratins. We conclude that (a) the frequency of eccrine duct involvement in BD is relatively low (approximately 4 to 9%), (b) the aneuploid DNA pattern makes a benign squamous metaplasia unlikely, (c) the immunohistochemical results exclude coincidental Paget's disease or carcinoma of eccrine sweat glands, (d) the involvement of eccrine sweat ducts may represent a direct extension of the neoplastic epidermal keratinocytes, and (e) this process may have practical implications in the recurrence of superficially treated cases of BD.
Firm Inventions in Geographic Clusters:The Moderating Role of Inventive Concentration

Geographic clusters confer advantages to collocated firms, in particular access to local know-how. This study employs a longitudinal data set of 1,908 firms engaged in nanotechnology research between the years 1981-2004. It finds that in order to access local knowledge and thereby benefit from clustering, firms must be active participants in the local research community. In addition, it is found that firms benefit less from collocation in regions where inventions are concentrated in one or a few firms. Specifically, co-authorships on scientific articles with local organizations increase both the rate and novelty of firms’ patents, but this effect disappears in clusters with high degrees of inventive concentration.
Effect of Crystalization on Photoluminescence of ER2O3 Thin Films

The effect of microstructures on the photoluminescence of Er2O3thin films has been systematically studied in this paper. The Er2O3 film was fabricated via reactive sputtering of Er metal in an Ar/O2 atmosphere. The as-deposited thin film contained both amorphous and polycrystalline structures, which showed weak photoluminescence at 1.55 μm. Annealing at an elevated temperature from 650 to 1050 °C in O2 ambient significantly incorporated oxygen into the lattice and strongly promoted crystalline grain growth, which in turn dramatically induced the transaction of photoluminescence from 1.55 μm to 1.541 μm. The ideal large crystal Er2O3 structure with fcc-Er2O3 and bcc-Er2O3 precipitates was obtained by conducting a two-step annealing (650 °C for 5 hours followed by 1020 °C for 2 hours) which resulted in a sharp photoluminescence peak at 1.541 μm. Further significant enhancement of PL at 1.541 μm was achieved via RTA at 1050 °C for 30 seconds to introduce more fcc-Er2O3 precipitates into the bcc-Er2O3 matrix.
DESIGN OF DOUBLE PARALLELOGRAM REMOTE-CENTER-OF-MOTION MECHANISMS

The double parallelogram type of remote center of motion (RCM) mechanisms is generally used as wrist module in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) assisted robots, which can provide a fixed entry point during operation process, enhance safety and quality of the surgery, and give facilities for surgeons. With type synthesis, 10 types of double parallelogram RCM mechanisms are enumerated. By making some links crooked, the virtual center can be arranged properly, which also makes the arrangements of end-effector and motor more convenient. In order to design a double parallelogram RCM mechanism, six independent parameters are needed. The forces and structure stiffness of linkage are analyzed to assist in determining sectional sizes of links. The driven moment is estimated to select a right motor. The analysis shows that a double parallelogram RCM mechanism can be balanced by one counterweight. At last, an example is given to illuminate the mechanism's feasibility and validity.
Revascularization and muscle adaptation to limb demand ischemia in diet-induced obese mice

Abstract Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes are major risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in humans, which can result in lower limb demand ischemia and exercise intolerance. Exercise triggers skeletal muscle adaptation including increased vasculogenesis. The goal of this study was to determine whether demand ischemia modulates revascularization, fiber size, and signaling pathways in the ischemic hind limb muscles of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Materials and methods DIO mice (n = 7) underwent unilateral femoral artery ligation and recovered for 2 wks followed by 4 wks with daily treadmill exercise to induce demand ischemia. A parallel sedentary ischemia (SI) group (n = 7) had femoral artery ligation without exercise. The contralateral limb muscles of SI served as control. Muscles were examined for capillary density, myofiber cross-sectional area, cytokine levels, and phosphorylation of STAT3 and ERK1/2. Results Exercise significantly enhanced capillary density (P Conclusions Exercise-induced limb demand ischemia in the setting of DIO causes myofiber atrophy despite an increase in muscle capillary density. The combination of persistent increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha, lower vascular endothelial growth factor, and failure to increase PGC1α protein may reflect a deficient adaption to demand ischemia in DIO.
Screening for Gynecologic Cancer

Screening for cancer of the uterus, cervix, and ovary allows earlier detection of disease in some asymptomatic women. The screening tests commonly used have low false-negative rates and, with the exception of endometrial biopsy and endometrial washings in detection of uterine cancer, they have high false-positive rates. Conclusions concerning effectiveness of screening tests in improving the likelihood of a favorable outcome are difficult because there are no randomized trials. Without randomized trials, cost-benefit analysis of screening for gynecologic malignancies is imprecise.
Imputation of Missing Data

Below is a subset of data from a smoking cessation study for smokers newly diagnosed with cancer.Patients were assessed for anxiety and depression at baseline using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond and Snaith 1983), at least 7 days before they were hospitalized for surgery. The baseline assessments of anxiety and depression were scored and saved into variables ANX.ba and DPR.ba, respectively. The scores were centered by subtracting their respective averages of available data (average ANX.ba of 8.9 and average DPR.ba of 4.2).
Creativity in Science: Chance, Logic, Genius, and Zeitgeist

Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, historians - and even scientists themselves - have often tried to decipher the basis for creativity in science. Some have attributed creativity to a special logic, the so-called scientific method, whereas others have pointed to the inspirations of genius or to the inevitable workings of the zeitgeist. Finally, some have viewed scientific breakthroughs as the product of chance, as witnessed in the numerous episodes of serendipity. Too often these four alternative interpretations are seen as mutually exclusive. Yet the central thesis of this book is that the chance, logic, genius, and zeitgeist perspectives can be integrated into a single coherent theory of creativity in science. But for this integration to succeed, change must be elevated to the status of primary cause. Logic, genius and the zeitgeist still have significant roles to play but mainly operate insofar as they enhance, or constrain the operation of a chance combinatorial process.
Asia, Ancient Southwest: Scripts, Middle Aramaic

The Middle Aramaic period (200 b.c.e.–200 c.e.) witnessed the appearance of the Hatran, Palmyrene, Nabataean, and Palestinian Aramaic scripts. This diversification set the stage for the creation of the Classical Arabic, Armenian, and Georgian scripts.
Social networks and alcohol use among older adults: a comparison with middle-aged adults

This study compared the association between social networks and alcohol consumption among middle-aged (MA) and older adults (OA) to better understand the nature of the relationship between those two factors among OA and MA.We examined Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Current drinkers aged over 50 were subdivided into two age groups: MA (50-64, n = 5214) and OA (65 and older, n = 3070). Each age group was stratified into drinking levels (low-risk vs. at-risk) based on alcohol consumption. The size and diversity of social networks were measured. Logistic regression models were used to examine age differences in the association between the social networks (size and diversity) and the probability of at-risk drinking among two age groups.A significant association between the social networks diversity and lower odds of at-risk drinking was found among MA and OA. However, the relationship between the diversity of social networks and the likelihood of at-risk drinking was weaker for OA than for MA. The association between social networks size and at-risk drinking was not significant among MA and OA.The current study suggests that the association between social networks diversity and alcohol use among OA differs from the association among MA, and few social networks were associated with alcohol use among OA. In the future, research should consider an in-depth exploration of the nature of social networks and alcohol consumption by using longitudinal designs and advanced methods of exploring drinking networks.
The Quantitative MBA: Exploring the Relationship Between Quantitative Orientation and the Pursuit of a Business Degree

Focusing on undergraduate business MBA students this paper explores the hypothesis that students with a quantitative orientation self-select themselves into undergraduate business and MBA programs.┬a This paper explores the hypothesis that quantitative oriented students self-select into undergraduate business and MBA programs.┬a This is in comparison to undergraduate and graduate business students as opposed to the general population of students.┬a This research does not confirm the hypothesis that business school graduates are skewed toward the quantitative orientation and raises the questions around what is the right profile for firms to be able to compete in the future.┬a This is especially an important philosophical question coming out of the Great Recession where quantitative analysis could not prevent the collapse of the global financial system.
Rickets in Premature Infants

Recently, the assosiation of rickets with prematurity has received attention because of the improved survival rates and increasing numbers of observations in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Vitamin D, calcium and phospholous deficiencies have been implicated as causative factors in these infants. During four-year period from September, 1980, we diagnosed rickets in seventeen of the sixty-six VLBW infants who had been hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Four had pathological fractures and one of them had the remnant deformity of bow legs. Usually most of the rickety VLBW infants are treated by the specialist of premature infants but in the case of having fracture or remnant deformity, orthopedic treatment and follow-up are needed.
Investigating one-handed and two-handed inter-device interaction

Abstract Using a mobile device together with a large shared screen supports collaborative tasks and potentially prevents interference among users. In order to evaluate the usability of inter-device interaction, this paper compared two fundamental inter-device interaction styles, i.e., one-handed and two-handed interaction. The one-handed interaction style only uses one hand to select an object from a large display device while the two-handed interaction style needs the cooperation of two hands to realize a selection. A framework was developed to implement these two interaction styles. Based on the framework, a pretest-posttest, repeated-measures study was conducted to compare their differences. All participants went through eight tasks, which were differentiated by both the selection order (sequential or random order) and the density level (sparse or dense layout), using both interaction styles. During the study, both the completion time and the error rate in each task with each interaction style were recorded. In addition, the IBM Post-Study Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) was used to evaluate the subjective satisfaction on each interaction style. The overall PSSUQ score indicates that both interaction styles receive positive feedback with high user satisfaction. The study also revealed that the one-handed interaction took less time to complete tasks (i.e., more efficient) than the two-handed interaction, while the two-handed interaction style had a lower error rate than the one-handed interaction, and especially so in a dense layout.
Hand Surgery Fellowship Selection Criteria: A National Fellowship Director Survey.

BACKGROUND Candidate characteristics for hand surgery fellowship training remains unknown, as very little data is available in the literature. This study aims to provide information on the criteria that are employed to select candidates for the hand surgery fellowship match. METHODS A 38-question survey was sent in April 2015 to all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education recognized hand surgery fellowship program directors (n=81) involved in the U.S. match. The survey investigated factors used for the selection of applicants, including medical school, residency training, research experience, fellowship interview, and candidate characteristics. A 5-point Likert scale was used to grade 33 factors from "not at all important" (1) to "essential in making my decision" (5); or for five controversial factors from "very negative impact" (1) to "very positive impact in making my decision" (5). RESULTS A total of 52% (42 out of 81) of responses were received from hand surgery fellowship program directors. The most important influential factors were interactions with faculty during interview and visit (4.6±0.6), interpersonal skills (4.6±0.5), overall interview performance in the selection process (4.6±0.6), professionalism and ethics (4.6±0.7), and letters of recommendation from hand surgeons (4.5±0.7). Factors that have a negative impact on the selection process include visa requirement (2.1±1.2), graduate of non-plastic surgery residency program (2.4±1.3), and graduate of a foreign medical school (2.4±1.1). CONCLUSIONS This study provides data on hand surgery fellowship directors' perception on the criteria important for fellowship applicant selection, and showed that interview-related criteria and letters of recommendation are the important factors.
Management of the Incidental Kidney Mass in the Nephrology Clinic.

The most common urologic malignancy seen in the nephrology clinic is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is generally asymptomatic and often found incidentally during imaging. Greater than 25% of patients with RCC have concomitant CKD at diagnosis, presumably because of overlapping risk
An inexpensive activity measuring device for small animals

A satisfactory device for measuring activity of rats or other small animals has been a difficult problem. Several types of instruments have given incorrect measurements or are prohibitively expensive. Photocells give the same readout to a bobbing head as for a walk over a considerable distance requiring only the interruption of a light beam. Other devices require rotation of wheels or complex integrating circuits which must be replicated or scanned and recorded for simultaneous activity measurement of many animals. The device reported here utilizes the tilting of balanced cages to actuate a single microswitch coupled to an impulse counter for each cage. The system has functioned well for several years.
Can hyperventilation improve cerebral microcirculation in patients with high ICP

Gosling’s pulsatility index (PI) is generally thought to reflect cerebrovascular resistance. Hyperventilation and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) usually increase PI. In this study, the effect of hyperentilation on PI was assessed in head injured patients with and without elevated ICP. A total of 73 hyperventilation studies were conducted on 20 intubated TBI patients. EtCO2, ICP, MCA flow velocity and MCA PI bilaterally were recorded simultaneously. Hemispheric CO2-Reactivity (hCO2R) was calculated. Only studies with a baseline ICP 30 mm Hg were included for analysis. With hyperventilation pCO2 decreased on average from 33.54.2 to 26.84.8 mmHg. PI increased significantly in patients with baseline ICP 30 mm Hg (12.21%; p = 0.0013). High baseline ICP, low initial GCS and impaired hCO2R were associated with the decrease of PI. Hyperventilation unexpectedly reduced PI in patients with high ICP. Because decreased PI suggests decreased CVR, it is postulated that hyperventilation in the setting of raised ICP improves cerebral microcirculation.
[19] The kernel function of an orthonormal system

This is the first in a series of well-known papers (the remainder written with Stefan Bergman) dealing with the reproducing kernel in a Hilbert space of solutions of an elliptic partial differential equation. Here the elliptic operator is simply \(\frac{\partial } {\partial \overline{z}},\) and so the kernel function \(K(z,\overline{\zeta })\) is the classical Bergman kernel. Schiffer offers a new proof of the relation $$\displaystyle{K(z,\overline{\zeta }) = -\frac{2} {\pi } \,\frac{{\partial }^{2}g(z,\zeta )} {\partial z\partial \overline{\zeta }} }$$ between \(K(z,\overline{\zeta })\) and Green’s function g(z, ζ) of the domain and then applies it to study the variation of the kernel function with respect to that of the domain. A similar investigation is also carried out for the reproducing kernel in the space of analytic functions that possess single-valued antiderivatives. “Green’s functions” associated with the latter kernel were later used by V. A. Zmorovich (Dopovidi Akad. Nauk Ukrain. RSR, 1958, 489–492, 1958, Ukrainian) and P. M. Tamrazov (Dopovidi Akad. Nauk Ukrain. RSR, 1962, 853–856 1962, Ukrainian) in a geometric construction of analogues of Blaschke products in finitely connected domains. (For a more streamlined exposition of the results in Zmorovic and Tamrazov (Dopovidi Akad. Nauk Ukrain. RSR, 1958, 489–492, 1958, Ukrainian; Dopovidi Akad. Nauk Ukrain. RSR, 1962, 853–856, 1962, Ukrainian), see Coifman and Guido Weiss, Studia Math., 28, 31–68, 1966/1967 and Khavinson, Pacific J. Math., 108 295–318, 1983).
Biochemical Genetics: Introduction

Biochemical genetics examines the relationship between nucleotide sequence variation and physiological differences among members of the same or different species. If these differences are adaptive, the findings are central to a complete understanding of the ecological and evolutionary significance of the genetic variation. Historically, two approaches have been taken. In the first, genetic variation at a locus is initially detected, often as allozymes or null mutants, and the effect of this variation on the properties of the protein product and/or the fitness of the individuals with the different genotypes is assessed. In other words, the investigator attempts to demonstrate that the genetic variants have meaningful physiological effects. The second approach begins with the detection of adaptively important phenotypic differences, and proceeds toward an analysis of the underlying, often cryptic, genetic variation.
Radiation damage and irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking of additively manufactured 316L stainless steels

Abstract The irradiation-induced microstructure and irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) behavior of additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steels produced by laser powder bed fusion were evaluated for the first time. Irradiation-induced dislocation loops, voids, and γ′ precipitates were observed in all processing conditions following 2.5 dpa at 360 °C. The cell structure and dense dislocation walls in the stress-relieved AM materials recovered and showed signs of recrystallization following irradiation. Anisotropy in both tensile property and IASCC susceptibility were observed in the stress-relieved AM 316L stainless steel due to the printing texture. The hot-isotropic pressed AM 316L had better radiation tolerance and lower IASCC susceptibility than the stress-relieved AM 316L and conventionally forged 316L. Therefore, post-printing hot-isotropic pressing (HIP) is recommended for enhancing radiation tolerance and IASCC performance in nuclear applications as it eliminates the anisotropic mechanical behavior and IASCC susceptibility associated with the printing texture.
Co-crystal synthesis: fact, fancy, and great expectations

From discrete and dispersed to condensed and organized, directed assembly provides a link between molecular structure and macroscopic properties. If we are able to combine several different molecular entities within the same crystalline lattice and make co-crystals, then we can also access a wider chemical space whilst circumventing the need for complex covalent synthesis. Co-crystal technology can offer versatile avenues for the design and preparation of new solid forms that have tunable physical properties. All of this, however, requires an improved understanding of intermolecular interactions—over the full range of molecular size and structure. In this perspective, we highlight some strategies and protocols that have been developed in order to synthesize co-crystals with predetermined and desirable structural features.
MC Solaar and the Influence of Globalization on Local Hip-Hop Aesthetics

As a transnational phenomenon, rap music has inspired both critiques of globalization and celebrations of locality within the Global Hip Hop Nation. This article contributes to this discussion by incorporating the work of Murray Forman and Doreen Massey on space, place and time as it relates to French rap in general and the work of French rapper MC Solaar in particular. The writing of Andre J. M. Prevos, Tricia Rose, and others, and analyses of MC Solaar's songs 'Leve-toi et rap' and 'Nouveau Western' illustrate how linguistic and musical vocabularies depict personal, cultural and economic issues within the confines of late capitalism.
Absolute thermoelectric power of Cr-Mo alloys between 100 and 600°K

Thermoelectric power measurements on Cr-Mo alloys showed that the Seebeck coefficientS of alloys with more than 25 at % Mo was a linear function of temperature between 100 and 500°K.S showed a more complex temperature dependence for antiferromagnetic samples, withS(T) having a peak below the Neel temperature. The onset of antiferromagnetism was close to the minimum in theS(T) curve. The energy change associated with antiferromagnetic ordering is of the same order of magnitude as the energy gap predicted by the spin density wave theory.
Abstract 5114: Deep phenotype extraction to facilitate cancer research: Extending DeepPhe to ovarian cancer

Introduction: To facilitate research on personalized cancer medicine, we developed the DeepPhe system for deep phenotype extraction of computable longitudinal summaries from electronic medical records (EMR). DeepPhe provides an advanced natural language processing (NLP) pipeline capable of extracting cancer details from clinical notes, storage and export of the resulting details, and a visualization tool with interactive graphical capabilities at both the cohort and individual patient levels. Our initial software release included training and evaluation of breast cancer specific attributes (Savova et al. Cancer Research 2017). As part of our iterative process of testing and improving DeepPhe, we have recently expanded to ovarian cancer. Methods: We used DeepPhe to extract ovarian cancer characteristics from EMR, including tumor location(s), laterality, temporality, and clinical and pathologic components of stage of disease at diagnosis. Tool performance was quantified by F1 scores, defined as the harmonic mean between precision and recall, with F1=1.00 indicating perfect performance, compared to the gold standard of information from manual data abstraction. Results: Among a test set of 26 primary epithelial ovarian cancer cases with 1,675 annotated notes from UPMC, the overall F1 was 0.9327. F1 scores for attributes of tumor location, laterality, and temporality were 0.8621, 0.5000, and 1.000, respectively. Performance was perfect for all clinical stage of disease components (T, N, and M), while pathologic components scored 0.7879, 0.7692, and 0.9200, respectively. Evaluation of 16 additional UPMC cases is currently underway and ovarian cancer specific attributes are being expanded to include degree of surgical cytoreduction (debulking) and presence of residual disease. Generalizability will be further assessed by evaluating DeepPhe’s performance on EMR for 427 ovarian cancer cases from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that DeepPhe can be adapted to additional cancer types without losing good-to-excellent performance characteristics. While some concepts, such as laterality, remain challenging for extraction, current results are considered adequate for semi-automated abstraction approaches. Further refinement and expansion to additional clinical and tumor characteristics, including genomics, tumor biomarkers, treatments, and patient outcomes are currently underway. Open-source and freely available for research use, DeepPhe tools (https://github.com/DeepPhe/DeepPhe-Release) can facilitate large-scale extraction of detailed information from EMR systems for research on cancer. Citation Format: Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Jeremy L. Warner, Sean Finan, James Masanz, Harry Hochheiser, Guergana Savova. Deep phenotype extraction to facilitate cancer research: Extending DeepPhe to ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5114.
Early outcomes and complications of obese patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

Abstract Objective The prevalence of obesity and shoulder arthroplasty have both been increasing in the United States. Although lower extremity arthroplasty literature suggests higher complication rates in these patients, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the outcome of shoulder arthroplasty in obese patients. Our purpose was to perform a meta-analysis to determine clinical outcomes and complications of these patients. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Ovid libraries were used to perform a comprehensive literature review to compare complications and outcomes following shoulder arthroplasty between obese and non-obese patients. Our initial search returned 143 publications. Our inclusion criteria included full-text reports, minimum follow-up of 1 year, minimum of 10 patients, no cadaveric or biomechanical studies, only studies published in English, studies involving obese patients undergoing either anatomic or reverse shoulder arthroplasty. A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies were then evaluating using a methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) score. Ultimately, 6 studies met our criteria and were included in the final analysis. Results A total of 978 patients were identified from the 6 studies. Patients with a BMI 30 kg/m2 had a complications rate of 6.5% and ASES increased from 34.4 to 76.2. Patients with a BMI >40 kg/m2 ASES increased from 29.5 to 68.6. The postoperative ASES score of 68.6 for patients with a BMI >40 kg/m2 was significantly lower than the ASES score of 76.8 in patients with a BMI 40 kg/m2. Conclusion No significant difference was observed in number of complications and follow-up ASES scores following shoulder arthroplasty between obese and non-obese patients. Morbidly obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m2) have a significantly lower ASES follow-up score than non-morbidly obese patients; however, this difference may not be clinically significant. Future studies are needed to investigate outcomes and complications associated with morbidly obese patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.
Changes in meta-transcriptome of rumen epimural microbial community and liver transcriptome in young calves with feed induced acidosis.

The common management practices of dairy calves leads to increased starch concentration in feed, which subsequently may cause rumen acidosis while on milk and during weaning. Until recently, few attempts were undertaken to understand the health risks of prolonged ruminal acidosis in post weaning calves. Resultantly, the molecular changes in the digestive tracts in post-weaning calves with ruminal acidosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the liver transcriptome changes along with its correlation with the rumen microbial rRNA expression changes in young calves using our model of feed induced ruminal acidosis. In this model, new born calves were fed a highly processed, starch-rich diet starting from one week of age through 16 weeks. A total of eight calves were involved in this study. Four of them were fed the acidosis-inducing diet (Treated) and the rest of the four were fed a standard starter diet (Control). Liver and rumen epithelial tissues were collected at necropsy at 17 weeks of age. Transcriptome analyses were carried out in the liver tissues and rRNA meta-transcriptome analysis were done using the rumen epithelial tissues. The correlation analysis was performed by comparing the liver mRNA expression with the rumen epithelial rRNA abundance at genus level. Calves with induced ruminal acidosis had significantly lower ruminal pH in comparison to the control group, in addition to significantly less weight-gain over the course of the experiment. In liver tissues, a total of 428 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold-change, FC ≥ 1.5; adjusted P ≤ 0.1) were identified in treated group in comparison to control. Biological pathways enriched by these DEGs included cellular component organization, indicating the impact of ruminal acidosis on liver development in young calves. Specifically, the up-regulated genes were enriched in acute phase response (P < 0.01), pyruvate metabolic process (P < 0.01) and proton-acceptors (P ≪ 0.001), indicating the liver’s response to feed induced acidosis at the transcriptome level. Twelve transferase activity related genes had significant correlation with rumen microbial rRNA expression changes. Among these genes, two up-regulated genes were reported with involvement in lipid metabolism in the liver, implying the direct effect of feed-induced acidosis on both the rumen microbial community and liver metabolism. Our study provides insight into the physiological remodeling in the liver resultant from the prolonged acidosis in post weaning calves, which may facilitate future RNA-seq based diagnosis and precision management of rumen acidosis in dairy calves.
Sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of resilience among older adults living with HIV in the Deep South

This cross-sectional study assessed the psychosocial and sociodemographic correlates of resilience among older adults living with HIV. Data were obtained from 103 men and 53 women aged 50 years and...
Female Glass Engravers in the Early Modern Dutch Republic

This essay explores glass engravings by Dutch authors Anna Roemers Visscher, Maria Tesselschade Roemers Visscher, and Anna Maria van Schurman. I place these engravings in their rich contemporary contexts, comparing them to other art forms that were the product of female pastime. Like embroidery, emblems, and alba amicorum, engraved glasses combined text and image, transforming each glass into an object that fulfilled key social and cultural functions. Above all, engraving glasses allowed women to forge new self-representations, specifically through their use of play to question binary oppositions and moral certainties.
Coping with childhood maltreatment: Avoidance and eating disorder symptoms:

Childhood maltreatment is associated with eating disorder symptoms; however, the nature of this association is unclear. We found those who experienced childhood maltreatment had higher avoidant coping and eating disorder symptoms. We also found an additive effect for maltreatment, such that with more types of maltreatment experienced, avoidant coping and eating disorder symptoms were greater. We also found evidence of an indirect effect such that childhood maltreatment was related to eating disorder symptoms through avoidant coping. Future research is needed to better understand factors that may promote development of adaptive coping patterns and prevention of eating disorder symptoms.
Use of Surface Electrocardiograms in Evaluating Risk of Cardiomyopathy in Children with Anthracycline Exposure

Purpose: Children exposed to anthracyclines are at risk for cardiomyopathy. Early recognition of cardiomyopathy may reduce morbidity and mortality, but substantial myocardial damage can occur before echocardiographic changes are apparent. We hypothesized that electrocardiogram (ECG) changes precede echocardiographic changes and may be used as an early risk stratification screening tool for cardiomyopathy. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of cancer patients who received anthracyclines at a tertiary pediatric referral center. ECG endpoints were the sum of absolute QRS amplitudes in the 6 limb leads (ΣQRS …
Unraveling the energetic significance of chemical events in enzyme catalysis via machine-learning based regression approach

The bacterial enzyme class of β-lactamases are involved in benzylpenicillin acylation reactions, which are currently being revisited using hybrid quantum mechanical molecular mechanical (QM/MM) chain-of-states pathway optimizations. Minimum energy pathways are sampled by reoptimizing pathway geometry under different representative protein environments obtained through constrained molecular dynamics simulations. Predictive potential energy surface models in the reaction space are trained with machine-learning regression techniques. Herein, using TEM-1/benzylpenicillin acylation reaction as the model system, we introduce two model-independent criteria for delineating the energetic contributions and correlations in the predicted reaction space. Both methods are demonstrated to effectively quantify the energetic contribution of each chemical process and identify the rate limiting step of enzymatic reaction with high degrees of freedom. The consistency of the current workflow is tested under seven levels of quantum chemistry theory and three non-linear machine-learning regression models. The proposed approaches are validated to provide qualitative compliance with experimental mutagenesis studies. In light of bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotic drugs, understanding the hydrolysis reaction of β-lactamases is crucial. Here the authors use machine learning based regression algorithms to analyze the catalytic energy landscape of TEM-1.
Segmentation of Carpal Bones from 3d CT Images Using Skeletally Coupled Deformable Models

The in vivo investigation of joint kinematics in normal and injured wrist requires the segmentation of carpal bones from 3D (CT) images and their registration over time. The non-uniformity of bone tissue, ranging from dense cortical bone to textured spongy bone, the irregular, small shape of closely packed carpal bones which move with respect to one another, and with respect to CT resolution, augmented with the presence of blood vessels, and the inherent blurring of CT imaging renders the segmentation of carpal bones a challenging task. Specifically, four characteristic difficulties are prominent: (i) gaps or weak edges in the carpal bone surfaces, (ii) diffused edges, (iii) textured regions, and, (iv) extremely narrow inter-bone regions. We review the performance of statistical classification, deformable models, region growing, and morphological operations for this application. We then propose a model which combines several of these approaches in a single framework. Specifically, initialized seeds grow in a curve evolution implementation of active contours, but where growth is modulated by a skeletally-mediated competition between neighboring regions, thus combining the advantages of local and global region growing methods, region competition and active contours. This approach effectively deals with many of the difficulties presented above as illustrated by numerous examples.
Mechanisms controlling fatigue damage development in continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

Damage in continuous fiber reinforced metal matrix composite materials can be quite complex since there are a number of different constituents (fiber, matrix, and the fiber/matrix interface) that can fail. Multidirectional lay-ups have an even greater number of possible damage orientations and mechanisms. Based on the simplifying assumption of equivalent constituent strain states in the absence of damage, a strain based failure criteria may be applied to determine when and where initial damage will occur. Based on the relative strain to fatigue failure of the fiber and matrix, the possible damage mechanisms of an MMC can be grouped into three categories: (1) matrix dominated, (2) fiber dominated, and (3) self-similar damage growth. A fourth type of damage development, fiber/matrix interface failure, is dependent on the relative strength of the fiber/matrix interface and the matrix yield strength. These four types of damage are discussed and illustrated by examples.
Evaluation of Anticancer Agents Using Flow Cytometry Analysis of Cancer Stem Cells

Flow cytometry can sensitively detect and efficiently sort cells based on fluorescent signals integrated into cellular markers of proteins or DNA. It has been broadly applied to assess cell division, apoptosis and to isolate cells including stem cells. As the seeds for tumorigenesis and metastasis, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are often more resistant to cytotoxins and anticancer agents than other heterogeneous cells in tumors. Analyzing CSCs under treatments is an effective way to evaluate new therapeutic agents for cancers. We introduce a method using flow cytometry to assess breast CSCs (CD44(+)/CD24(-)/(low)) in human MCF-7/Dox breast cancer cells, after the treatment of mixed-backbone oligonucleotide against glucosylceramide synthase. Flow cytometry analysis of CSCs is a reliable, effective, and easy-handling approach to screen agents targeting CSCs.
Architecture-driven verification of concurrent systems

This paper proposes a method to construct a set of proof obligations from the architectural specification of a concurrent system. The architectural specifications used express correctness requirements of a concurrent system at a high level without any reference to component functionality. Then the proof obligations derived from such specifications are discharged as model checking tasks in a suitable behavioral model where components are assigned their respective functionalities. An experimental extension to the SPIN tool is used as the model checker. The block diagram notation used to specify architectures allows interchangeable components with equivalent intended functionalities to be encapsulated within a representative module. A proof obligation of such a system is discharged as an equivalence checking task in the behavioral model chosen. It is shown how infeasible proof obligations can be decomposed by decomposing the architectural specification. Obligation decomposition relies on assume-guarantee conditions.
Effective databases for text & document management

With the increased need for text and document management methods comes the need to have properly developed systems or databases that house the information properly and effectively. This book addresses the information management needs of organizations by providing research and findings in the field.
Adhesion measurement: Recent progress, unsolved problems, and prospects

In this paper, the term "basic adhesion" is used to signify the summation of all interfacial intermolecular interactions, whereas the term "practical adhesion" is used to represent the forces or the work required for the disruption-either at the interface or in the interfacial region-of the adhering system. There are many factors which influence practical adhesion, and these are discussed in detail. The relationship between practical adhesion and basic adhesion is discussed. Basic adhesion cannot be determined by the commonly used techniques for measuring practical adhesion. The virtues of an ideal practical adhesion test are outlined. Some of the techniques for adhesion measurement of thin films, thick films, and coatings are discussed briefly, and references are made to the recent reviews on this topic. For a given adhering system, different techniques yield different practical adhesion values. The difficulties involved in adhesion measurement are highlighted, and the unresolved problems are brought into sharper focus. The failure surfaces should be examined using surface analytical tools to ascertain the locus of failure, which is important in understanding the mechanism of failure.
Foundations of Language

With so little known about how language is perceived and produced, the field of linguistics could use a fresh perspective on the current state of affairs. Ray Jackendoff’s book draws together current thought from mainstream generative grammar and from more recent thinking on the function of the mind. In integrating these areas, Jackendoff illuminates the interfaces between language and other functions of the mind, and at the same time helps define the scope of contemporary linguistic inquiry.
Progenitor Cells of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage

The secondary cartilage of the mandibular condyle is unique as it undergoes endochondral ossification during growth and robustly remodels in response to changes in its mechanical loading environment. This cartilage is derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells that express markers of early osteoblast differentiation, namely alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Interestingly, these progenitor cells then differentiate into cartilage with appropriate mechanical loading. Our laboratory has determined that these cells can be labeled by osteoblast progenitor cell markers, including the 3.6 fragment of the rat collagen type 1. However, the role these mesenchymal progenitor cells play in adult mandibular condylar cartilage maintenance and adaptation, as well as the existence of a more potent progenitor cell population within the mandibular condylar cartilage, remain in question. Further characterization of these cells is necessary to determine their potency and regenerative capacity to elucidate their potential for regenerative therapy.
Nonlinear summation of force in cat soleus muscle results primarily from stretch of the common-elastic elements.

The complex connective tissue structure of muscle and tendon suggests that forces from two parts of a muscle may not summate linearly. This study measured the nonlinear summation of force (Fnl) in ...
The diagnosis of aortic septal defect by retrograde aortography; report of a case.

This rare congenital malformation is a round or oval opening between the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery above the semilunar valves. It is practically impossible to differentiate this malformation from a patent ductus arteriosus clinically because both malformations may present the same physical, fluoroscopic, roentgen and electrocardiographic findings. Even angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization do not differentiate these congenital malformations. The authors have studied 2 patients with aortic septal defects. One was operated at another clinic for a suspected patent ductus arteriosus, and the other case presented here was diagnosed by retrograde aortography.
Scattering of phonons by sessile dislocations in deformed germanium

The scattering of phonons by sessile dislocations has been studied by means of thermal conductivity measurements on plastically deformed germanium samples over the temperature range 0.02 to 6 K. The results are compared with calculations based on the static model of the phonon-dislocation interaction. The scattering strength obtained from experimental data is a factor of two to three larger than that calculated from the static model, while the temperature dependence agrees with theory over a broad range of temperatures.
The detection of phytomitogen-induced changes in human lymphocyte surfaces by laser Doppler spectroscopy.

Abstract The changes in electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point produced by incubating human peripheral blood lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) have been characterized by laser Doppler spectroscopy. The results extend and partially confirm older observations made by classical procedures. Incubation with either agent for 90 min at 37°C resulted in stable and reproducible decreases in electrophoretic mobility, and increases in the isoelectric point. The incubation conditions used are known to permit primary attachment of the phytomitogen, capping and endocytosis nevertheless, at least in the case of Con A, washing the cells with a specific inhibitor for Con A binding, methyl-α-D-glucoside (MAG), resulted in complete reversal of the electrokinetic changes, showing that the underlying changes in cell surface constitution detected under these conditions are solely due to reversibly bound Con A. The results suggest that laser Doppler spectroscopic changes could provide a direct assay for specific binding to immunocompetent cell surfaces.
Coding standards for high-confidence embedded systems

Adopting a coding standard can increase system reliability, safety, and security. Popular standards include Misra C, the JSF C++ rules, and Holzmannpsilas ten rules developed at JPL. Checking rules manually is tedious, so automated review is desirable. However, behind many rules lie hidden assumptions and potential complexity that makes comprehensive automation difficult. Three rules sets and the rationale behind them are discussed. Technologies for detecting violations are described. Recommendations for how to best apply these rules are given.
Photoinduced electron transfer for high potential quinone sensitizers and thienthrenes. The rate of trapping of the thianthrene radical cation by water

Abstract Electron transfer properties of chlorinated benzoquinone triplet states are reported, including transient spectra and rates of electron transfer quenching by donor thianthrenes; a rate constant for the trapping of thianthene radical by water has been measured.