cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary energy restriction on follicular development and luteal function in nonlactating beef cows.

Twenty nonlactating beef cows were used to determine the effects of dietary energy restriction on ovarian follicular and corpus luteum (CL) development. Cows were fed to either gain (controls) or lose (restricted; RES) body weight. Observations continued until RES cows developed a subfunctional CL (progesterone [P4] or = 1.5 ng/mL on d 10 of a cycle; n = 6) followed by anestrus, at which time observations were discontinued on individual controls. Estrous cycles were then standardized for all cows. For RES cows developing subfunctional CL, cycle A was the cycle before development of the subfunctional CL, and cycle B was the 11-d period during development of a subfunctional CL. For RES cows with a functional CL, cycle A was the next to last cycle before anestrus, and cycle B was the 11-d period during formation of a functional CL. Daily P4 concentrations did not differ (P > .10) between controls or RES cows developing functional CL during cycle B but were lower (P < .05) in RES cows developing subfunctional CL. Ovulatory follicles and CL were smaller (P < .05) in RES cows during cycles A and B compared with controls. Daily IGF-l concentrations were higher on d 2 through 4 of both cycles in RES cows developing functional CL compared with RES cows developing subfunctional CL (P < .05). Feeding diets limited in energy resulted in two types of CL. These differences may have been due to IGF-I concentrations.
Through the Alice Corp. Looking Glass: Using Pragmatic Arguments to Bring Predictability to Patent Law

Within the last four years, multiple institutional actors that have largely remained dormant in the scope of innovation policy and patents have undertaken a surprisingly interventionist reform of patent law. Congress, administrative agencies, and the Supreme Court have all recently shaped patent law to be more pragmatic and less overtly formalistic. Conversely, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has staunchly defended a formalist approach to patent law, advocating consistently for bright-line rules. The Federal Circuit has been charged with bringing predictability to patent law since its creation in 1982. The Federal Circuit attempts to bring predictability and uniformity through a largely rule-based formalist approach. Empirical evidence shows that the Federal Circuit's rule formalism has actually decreased the predictability of patent law. The Supreme Court's recent interventions into patent law show they are in favor of a more pragmatic approach, favoring policy considerations over the adoption of bright-line formalist rules. The history of the Federal Circuit shows it was designed to be an institutional body of expertise in patent law. This expertise was meant to serve two purposes, the first was to bring predictability and uniformity to patent law. The second was to be a body with not only the power to shape patent law, but the knowledge to shape it in accordance with the goals and policies inherent in the Patent Act. This comment explains how recent Supreme Court precedents regarding patent-eligible subject matter create a framework for inculcating pragmatic, policy intensive arguments into traditionally rigid, formalistic Federal Circuit jurisprudence. The framework becomes a vehicle for the Federal Circuit to shape patent law in alignment with the pragmatic and social considerations derived from innovation policy. This comment then illustrates how that framework can be applied to bring predictability to other key areas of uncertainty in patent law. * Candidate for Juris Doctor, 2016, Northwestern University School of Law. Executive Editor, Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property. I would like to thank Dr. Laura PedrazaFarina, Oleg Khariton, and Heather Moelter for their help, criticisms, and contributions. Additionally, I would like to thank Mike McGivney for his creative input. NOR TH WES TERN JO URN AL O F TECH NO LO GY AND IN TE LLEC TU A L PRO PER TY [ 2 0 1 6 238 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 239 I. FORMALISM AND THE CAFC 240 A. Background & Formation of the CAFC 240 B. Definitions for Formalism 241 C. Formalism Fails 242 II. PRAGMATISM AND THE SUPREME COURT 244 A. The Slippery Bilski Slope 245 B. Confusion in the Mayo Days 247 C. Affirmed Agreement in Alice Corp. 250 III. MOVING PAST PATENT-ELIGIBLE SUBJECT MATTER 251 A. The Framework for Pragmatism 251 B. The Current Doctrine of Equivalents 252 C. Application of the Framework for Pragmatism 253 CONCLUSION 254 Vol. 14:2] Jason B. Portis
Development and Application of Novel Antimicrobials in Food and Food Processing

The desire globally by consumers to have fresh microbiological safe and ready-to-eat foods requires the development of novel natural antimicrobials. The complex range of microbes associated with food and diverse intrinsic properties of food limit the application and efficacy of many antimicrobials. Essential oils derived from plants show promise, but their application is limited since they can impart off-odors and flavors. Use of bacteriocins is generally limited to the control of Gram-positive microbes. In some instances, methods that are effective, such as bacteriophages, have a negative consumer perception. The potential exists to use natural antimicrobials with existing and novel technologies such as high pressure or thermal processing as part of a hurdle approach to improve the microbial safety and quality of food. This chapter is focused on a few categories of natural antimicrobials that have garnered considerable attention in recent years.
Appropriateness in PL Abstraction

We have been construing arguments as sequences of assertions, and we have been supposing that assertions could be taken as sentences uttered or written on certain occasions in a fixed context with a fairly clear intention. Consequently, we have used talk about assertions and about sentences interchangeably in abstracting most sophisticated SL argument consistency forms from given arguments. But this is only a beginning of an explanation of the significance of SL abstraction, and we need to bring some philosophical analysis to bear on this simple characterization. In this chapter, we first examine the distinction between an assertion and a sentence, replacing it with a more subtle account of what is abstracted using SL techniques. After doing this, we will look at some of the problems raised in attempting an SL abstraction when the context of an argument is carefully considered.
Enhancing Combustion in a Dump Combustor Using Countercurrent Shear: Part 2 — Heat Release Rate Measurements and Geometry Effects

Research to advance our understanding of the countercurrent shear flow has been conducted, with particular emphasis on those characteristics of countercurrent shear that are beneficial for combustion applications. Studies carried out in a backward-facing step combustor burning prevaporized JP10-air mixtures, have examined the implementation of counterflow as a means to enhance turbulent burning velocities, with the overall objective of increasing volumetric heat release rates and thereby create a more compact combustion zone. The dump combustor is characterized by a nominally two-dimensional primary flow mixture of prevaporized fuel and air, entering a rectangular channel before encountering a 2:1 single-sided step expansion. Flow separation over the sudden expansion and the resulting recirculation set up a countercurrent shear layer downstream of the dump plane and a low velocity zone conducive to flame anchoring. Combustion control strategies aim to increase turbulent kinetic energy and flame three-dimensionality in an effort to increase flame surface area and thus burning rates. A secondary flow is created via suction at the dump plane as a fluidic control mechanism to enhance the naturally occurring countercurrent shear layer. Counterflow is shown to elevate turbulence levels and volumetric heat release rates downstream of the step in the base geometry while concomitantly reducing the scale of the recirculation zone[1]. Modifications to the rearward-facing step geometry are investigated using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) under isothermal flow conditions in an effort to extend the near field interaction between the recirculation zone and the incoming primary flow, thus exploiting the benefits of counterflow as seen in the base geometry. Using chemiluminescence, relative heat release rates are shown to increase by 90% with a counterflow level of 6% of the primary flow by mass in the base geometry, and a 150% increase with a counterflow level of 2.4% in the modified step geometry.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
The Dark Energy Camera (DECam) A new instrument for the Dark Energy Survey

In this paper we describe the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which will be the primary instrument used in the Dark Energy Survey. DECam will be a 3 sq. deg. mosaic camera mounted at the prime focus of the Blanco 4m telescope at the Cerro-Tololo International Observatory (CTIO). It consists of a large mosaic CCD focal plane, a five element optical corrector, five filters (g,r,i,z,Y), a modern data acquisition and control system and the associated infrastructure for operation in the prime focus cage. The focal plane includes of 62 2K x 4K CCD modules (0.27″/pixel) arranged in a hexagon inscribed within the roughly 2.2 degree diameter field of view and 12 smaller 2K x 2K CCDs for guiding, focus and alignment. The CCDs will be 250 micron thick fully-depleted CCDs that have been developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Production of the CCDs and fabrication of the optics, mechanical structure, mechanisms, and control system for DECam are underway; delivery of the instrument to CTIO is scheduled for 2010.
High-throughput Identification and Characterization of Two-dimensional Materials using Density functional theory

We introduce a simple criterion to identify two-dimensional (2D) materials based on the comparison between experimental lattice constants and lattice constants mainly obtained from Materials-Project (MP) density functional theory (DFT) calculation repository. Specifically, if the relative difference between the two lattice constants for a specific material is greater than or equal to 5%, we predict them to be good candidates for 2D materials. We have predicted at least 1356 such 2D materials. For all the systems satisfying our criterion, we manually create single layer systems and calculate their energetics, structural, electronic, and elastic properties for both the bulk and the single layer cases. Currently the database consists of 1012 bulk and 430 single layer materials, of which 371 systems are common to bulk and single layer. The rest of calculations are underway. To validate our criterion, we calculated the exfoliation energy of the suggested layered materials, and we found that in 88.9% of the cases the currently accepted criterion for exfoliation was satisfied. Also, using molybdenum telluride as a test case, we performed X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering experiments to benchmark our calculations and understand their applicability and limitations. The data is publicly available at the website http://www.ctcms.nist.gov/~knc6/JVASP.html.
Application Modernization for the Exascale Era

From the development of proxy applications to rapidly explore algorithmic and programming model changes and co-design of hardware and software features between vendors and application teams well in advance of delivery to early access to hardware and software stacks through dedicated hands-on activities with vendors, the articles in this special issue provide others with a starting point for their own roadmap to application modernization efforts.
Evaluating hybrid memory cube infrastructure to support high-performance sparse algorithms

This work is focused on analyzing potential performance improvements of HPC applications using stacked memories like the Hybrid Memory Cube, or HMC. We target a HPC sparse direct solver library, SuperLU [4], that performs LU decomposition and is a core piece of simulation codes like NIMROD [1]. To accelerate this library, we are interested in mapping both the computationally intense Spare Matrix-Vector (SpMV) kernels that can be implemented using matrix-matrix multiply (GEMM) calls and memory-intensive primitives like Scatter and Gather to a reconfigurable fabric tightly integrated with a 3D stacked memory. Here we provide initial results on mapping GEMM to OpenCL-based devices as well as a trace-driven evaluation of SuperLU's memory accesses with a combined FPGA and HMC platform.
Peeling Bipartite Networks for Dense Subgraph Discovery

Finding dense bipartite subgraphs and detecting the relations among them is an important problem for affiliation networks that arise in a range of domains, such as social network analysis, word-document clustering, the science of science, internet advertising, and bioinformatics. However, most dense subgraph discovery algorithms are designed for classic, unipartite graphs. Subsequently, studies on affiliation networks are conducted on the co-occurrence graphs (e.g., co-author and co-purchase) that project the bipartite structure to a unipartite structure by connecting two entities if they share an affiliation. Despite their convenience, co-occurrence networks come at a cost of loss of information and an explosion in graph sizes, which limit the quality and the efficiency of solutions. We study the dense subgraph discovery problem on bipartite graphs. We define a framework of bipartite subgraphs based on the butterfly motif (2,2-biclique) to model the dense regions in a hierarchical structure. We introduce efficient peeling algorithms to find the dense subgraphs and build relations among them. We can identify denser structures compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms on co-occurrence graphs in real-world data. Our analyses on an author-paper network and a user-product network yield interesting subgraphs and hierarchical relations such as the groups of collaborators in the same institution and spammers that give fake ratings.
Behandeling van draaiduizeligheid

Er komen geregeld patienten op het huisartsenspreekuur die last hebben van draaiduizeligheid. In de meeste gevallen is er sprake van benigne paroxismale positieduizeligheid (BPPD), kortdurende aanvallen van draaiduizeligheid bij hoofdbewegingen. Verschillende specifieke manoeuvres en oefeningen, door een arts of de patient zelf uitgevoerd, kunnen de klachten verminderen. Het meest effectief bij BPPD is de epleymanoeuvre. Er zijn geen medicijnen die effectief zijn tegen draaiduizeligheid.
Caring as Work: Research and Theory

For all the attention paid to wage labor and the market, it is only in recent decades that scholars have begun to focus on care, the work that we do to nurture and support each other in our society. The study of care is a distinctively feminist endeavor, as it highlights a body of labor that is critically important to society, commonly devalued as “women’s work,” and considered a central mechanism in the reproduction of gender inequalities in our society. In this chapter, I review the background of carework theory and research, including the definition of care, social and economic impact of care, exploration of paid and unpaid care work, and global dimensions of care. I conclude with some attention to the limitations of current research, and directions for future work.
Water Flow and Biofilm Cover Influence Environmental DNA Detection in Recirculating Streams.

The increasing use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for determination of species presence in aquatic ecosystems is an invaluable technique for both ecology as a field and for the management of aquatic ecosystems. We examined the degradation dynamics of fish eDNA using an experimental array of recirculating streams, also using a “nested” primer assay to estimate degradation among eDNA fragment sizes. We introduced eDNA into streams with a range of water velocities (0.1–0.8 m s–1) and substrate biofilm coverage (0–100%) and monitored eDNA concentrations over time (∼10 d) to assess how biophysical conditions influence eDNA persistence. We found that the presence of biofilm significantly increased initial decay rates relative to previous studies conducted in nonflowing microcosms, suggesting important differences in detection and persistence in lentic vs lotic systems. Lastly, by using a nested primer assay that targeted different size eDNA fragments, we found that fragment size altered both the estimated rate con...
The critical role of brokers in the access and use of evidence at the school and district level

With the push for data-driven decision making in the current accountability system, evidence use becomes vital to the improvement of low-performing schools. In this exploratory case study, we utilize social network theory and methods to examine how evidence is diffused and brokered by the educational leaders (central office, area superintendents, and school site administrators) across a large urban district, focusing particularly on whether evidence reaches leaders in low-performing schools. Our results suggest that very sparse data use ties exist across the entire district and that principals of underperforming schools, who are arguably in most need of evidence for improvement, are often disconnected from the overall data use structure. Furthermore, area superintendents, who are formally tasked with being the “source” of advice for data, are not always the most sought leaders within their areas. In addition, the communication patterns indicate a tendency to seek advice from outside the area for brokers in both formal and informal networks. Findings of this study give importance to the role of brokerage in districts’ evidence use for improving low-performing schools.
The Cyber Forensic War Room: An Immersion into IT Aspects of Public Policy

Public policy coursework has considerable opportunity to enhance learning by immersing students in policy debates over emerging issues. Information technology skill sets are very useful to these projects because policy makers are increasingly informed by resources analyzed from centralized data hosting and from data-mining of diverse open and proprietary information resources. This chapter discusses two such approaches we have implemented as cyber forensic war rooms in undergraduate coursework in which undergraduates are immersed in research embodied as online information repositories: first an instructor constructed approach and second a student (team) constructed approach.
TNIP1 in Autoimmune Diseases: Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

TNIP1 protein is increasingly being recognized as a key repressor of inflammatory signaling and a potential factor in multiple autoimmune diseases. In addition to earlier foundational reports of TNIP1 SNPs in human autoimmune diseases and TNIP1 protein-protein interaction with receptor regulating proteins, more recent studies have identified new potential interaction partners and signaling pathways likely modulated by TNIP1. Subdomains within the TNIP1 protein as well as how they interact with ubiquitin have not only been mapped but inflammatory cell- and tissue-specific consequences subsequent to their defective function are being recognized and related to human disease states such as lupus, scleroderma, and psoriasis. In this review, we emphasize receptor signaling complexes and regulation of cytoplasmic signaling steps downstream of TLR given their association with some of the same autoimmune diseases where TNIP1 has been implicated. TNIP1 dysfunction or deficiency may predispose healthy cells to the inflammatory response to otherwise innocuous TLR ligand exposure. The recognition of the anti-inflammatory roles of TNIP1 and improved integrated understanding of its physical and functional association with other signaling pathway proteins may position TNIP1 as a candidate target for the design and/or testing of next-generation anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
A comprehensive memory analysis of data intensive workloads on server class architecture

The emergence of data analytics frameworks requires computational resources and memory subsystems that can naturally scale to manage massive amounts of diverse data. Given the large size and heterogeneity of the data, it is currently unclear whether data analytics frameworks will require high performance and large capacity memory to cope with this change and exactly what role main memory subsystems will play; particularly in terms of energy efficiency. In this paper, we investigate how the choice of DRAM (high-end vs low-end) impacts the performance of Hadoop, Spark, and MPI based Big Data workloads in the presence of different storage types on a local cluster. Our results show that Hadoop workloads do not require high capacity memory. However, Spark and MPI based workloads require large capacity memory. Moreover, Increasing memory bandwidth through the increasing memory frequency or the number of channels does not improve the performance of Hadoop workloads while iterative tasks in Spark and MPI benefits from high bandwidth memory. Among the configurable parameters, our results indicate that increasing the number of DRAM channels reduces DRAM power and improves the energy-efficiency across all applications.
Fetal echocardiography (ECHO) in assessment of structural heart defects in congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients: Is early postnatal ECHO necessary for ECMO candidacy?

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of fetal echocardiogram (ECHO) for detecting cardiac structural anomalies that may impact Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) candidacy in infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). Methods A retrospective review was performed on fetuses with CDH (January 2007–June 2017). Inclusion criteria were inborn and at least one prenatal and postnatal ECHO. ECHOs were evaluated for structural heart defects. Primary outcomes were accuracy of prenatal fetal ECHO and identify differences between prenatal and postnatal ECHO. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis were performed. Results 131 inborn patients were identified. Mean gestational age of fetal ECHO was 26.6 ± 5.5 weeks. The median time to postnatal ECHO was DOL 1 [0–30]. Fetal ECHO had 92% accuracy, 83% sensitivity, 93% specificity, PPV of 95%, NPV of 92%, and a 90% accuracy for visualization of at least one pulmonary vein into the left atrium on the contralateral (non-CDH) side. Thirty-five percent of patients received ECMO, and 26% had an associated cardiac anomaly. All ECMO patients had an accurate structural fetal ECHO. Conclusion Fetal ECHO is sufficient for identifying major structural heart defects at large volume centers with trained pediatric cardiologists and may be used to guide clinical management, particularly in regards to ECMO candidacy. Level of evidence Level III.
Toward generalized tensor algebra for ab initio quantum chemistry methods

The widespread use of tensor operations in describing electronic structure calculations has motivated the design of software frameworks for productive development of scalable optimized tensor-based electronic structure methods. Whereas prior work focused on Cartesian abstractions for dense tensors, we present an algebra to specify and perform tensor operations on a larger class of block-sparse tensors. We illustrate the use of this framework in expressing real-world computational chemistry calculations beyond the reach of existing frameworks.
Improving the Arctic Gravity Project grid and making a gravity anomaly map for the State of Alaska

Incremental improvements to the Arctic Gravity Project (AGP) grid have accumulated through the steady acquisition of marine gravity anomaly data in the Arctic Ocean and other data sets.The explosio...
Dangerous pipelines, dangerous people: colonial ecological violence and media framing of threat in the dakota access pipeline conflict

Drawing on theories of settler colonialism, colonial ecological violence, and media framing this article considers how media framing contributes to the production of colonial ecological violence. F...
An ultrafast laser pulse picker technique for high-average-current high-brightness photoinjectors

Abstract Beam diagnostics in high brightness photoinjectors requires that optical pulses from a high-power drive laser be picked up with an ultrahigh pulse contrast ratio and without temporal profile distortion. In high-average-current high-brightness photoinjectors, high-power drive lasers are routinely operated at GHz-level pulse repetition rate and it is challenging to achieve pulse picking without any pulse distortion. Here, we report on a new ultrafast pulse picker technique for beam diagnostics in high-average-current high-brightness photoinjectors. By efficiently combining an ultrafast low-power electro-optic modulator, high-power fiber laser amplifiers, a high-power Pockels Cell, and a frequency doubling module, we have successfully demonstrated optical bunch (30 pulses per bunch) pickup from a 704 MHz high-power drive laser and achieved a 106:1 pulse contrast ratio and nearly zero pulse distortion. The performance of this pulse picking technique has been verified through beam characterization and electron cooling in the low energy RHIC electron cooling accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Comparison of a video to a pictorial brochure in improving HIV/AIDS and HIV testing knowledge and increasing HIV testing motivation and behavioral skills among adult emergency department patients.

Objectives We sought to determine if a pictorial brochure improves HIV/AIDS and HIV testing knowledge and increases HIV testing motivation and behavioral skills as well as a video among adult emergency department patients, regardless of language spoken and health literacy level. Methods ED patients were stratified by primary language spoken (English or Spanish) and health literacy level (lower or higher) and randomly assigned to watch the study video or review the content-matched pictorial brochure. HIV/AIDS and HIV testing knowledge, motivation for HIV testing, and behavioral skills for HIV testing were assessed using study instruments before and after watching the video or reviewing the pictorial brochure. Results Of the 712 English- and 655 Spanish-speaking ED patients, HIV/AIDS and HIV testing knowledge improved more among participants in the video than the pictorial brochure arm (∆ 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07, 0.79). This improvement was more pronounced among those with lower (∆ 0.60; 95% CI: 0.06, 1.13) than higher health literacy (∆ 0.27; 95% CI: -0.22, 0.76). HIV testing motivation was high before the intervention and did not increase differentially between arms. Confidence in recognizing when to be tested for HIV was slightly greater in the video than pictorial brochure arm (∆ 0.15; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.28), but did not differ by language spoken or health literacy level. Conclusions A video improved HIV/AIDS and HIV testing knowledge slightly more than a pictorial brochure. Other considerations (eg, patient volume, staffing, space, and video access) should guide EDs on how best to provide information about HIV testing to ED patients.
Sirtuin (SIRT)-1: At the crossroads of puberty and metabolism

In the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus reside two neuronal systems in charge of regulating feeding control and reproductive development. The melanocortin system responds to metabolic fluctuations adjusting food intake, whereas kisspeptin neurons are in charge of the excitatory control of Gonadotropin Hormone Releasing Hormone (GnRH) neurons. While it is known that the melanocortin system regulates GnRH neuronal activity, it was recently demonstrated that kisspeptin neurons not only innervate melanocortin neurons, but also play an active role in the control of metabolism. These two neuronal systems are intricately interconnected forming loops of stimulation and inhibition according to metabolic status. Furthermore, intracellular and epigenetic pathways respond to external environmental signals by changing DNA conformation and gene expression. Here we review the role of Silent mating type Information Regulation 2 homologue 1 (Sirt1), a class III NAD+ dependent protein deacetylase, in the ARC control of pubertal development and feeding behavior.
Modeling Patient Work of Breathing Without a Push-Pull Design Produces Data at Odds With Established Clinical Research

Background: For mechanical ventilation (MV) to reduce patient work of breathing (WOB) and respiratory muscle tension-time, or pressure-time product (PTP), requires the ventilator to displace the chest faster than inspiratory muscular contraction. This 9push-pull9 concept first proposed by Marini et al,1 has great explanatory power in interpreting WOB study results. Modeling this interaction requires that simulated effort can potentially be overtaken by MV driving pressure (eg, proportional assist ventilation or PAV, pressure support ventilation or PSV). 2 We evaluated the impact of PAV+ and PSV on WOB using the IngmarASL-5000 (Pittsburg, PA) using a fixed breathing pattern at varying levels of simulated inspiratory muscle pressure (ΔPmus) . Methods: The ASL-5000 was set to a compliance of 35 mL/cm H2O, resistance of 5 cm H2O per L/s and was connected to PB-980 ventilator (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) using a 7.5 mm ID endotracheal tube. The ventilator was set to 3 levels of PAV+ (70%, 50%, 30%) and 4 levels of PSV (ΔP: 15, 10, 5 and 0 cm H2O). End-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O and trigger sensitivity of 3 L/min were used for all conditions. The breathing pattern was f of 20 breaths/min with ΔPmus of 5, 10 and 15 cm H2O; pressure rise, sustain and decay of 20%, 10%, 10% respectively (inspiratory time: 1.2 s). Multiple linear regression was used to assess variables determining simulated WOB. Alpha was set at 0.05. Results: At all PAV+ and PSV settings simulated WOB paradoxically decreased with decreasing MV support (Fig). Simulated PTP was unaffected by MV support level on either mode at ΔPmus levels of 5, 10 and 15 cm H2O (110-112, 220-224 and 334-336 cm H2O-s per min respectively). WOB was positively correlated with VT (t-ratio: 4.82, P Conclusions: WOB is defined as the area within the Pmus-VT loop. As such when VT decreases at a constant Pmus so too does WOB. A model wherein Pmus cannot be replaced by positive pressure cannot reflect what occurs under in vivo conditions. 1. Marini JJ, et al. The inspiratory workload of patient-initiated mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;134:902-909. 2. Katz JA, et al. Inspiratory work and airway pressure with continuous positive airway pressure delivery systems. Chest 1985;88:519-526.
Basicities, nucleophilicities, and bond dissociation enthalpies of organometallic complexes

24 Introduction 25 Experimental Section 26 Results 39 Discussion 42 Conclusions 45 Acknowledgments 46 References 47
Traducción teatral: Posmemoria y política en At Night We Walk in Circles de Daniel Alarcón

This article examines Daniel Alarcon’s 2013 novel At Night We Walk in Circles and analyzes how artists engage with political crisis and its continued traumatic effects long after the crisis (in this particular case: the internal conflict in Peru) has ended. Taking Marianne Hirsch’s concept of “postmemory” as a point of departure, the study focuses on the relationship between past trauma and its legacy in the present, arguing, that such negotiations between past and present may be understood through the lens of translation. Here, translation is seen as pointing to the ways in which art created in response to one context is continually reimagined and recreated –that is, translated– in order to circulate in new contexts. Alarcon’s novel particularly positions theater as a translative force, one that elucidates the relationship between trauma, postmemory, and mourning.
Cultural Collisions and the Limits of the Affordable Care Act

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (“NFIB”) settled the central constitutional questions impeding the rollout of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”): whether the federal government’s “individual mandate” to purchase or hold health insurance and the federal government’s authority to retract existing federal dollars if states fail to expand Medicaid eligibility violate the Constitution. However, a number of residual questions persist in its wake. While most of the focus this year has been on related constitutional issues — such as religious exemptions from offering contraceptive coverage to employees — NFIB also clears the path for a discussion of the merits of the ACA’s policy goals and the extent to which the ACA succeeds on its own terms. This Article explores the normative implications of the ACA’s equal access/mental health agenda with respect to culturally and linguistically diverse communities. While the ACA will certainly extend insurance coverage to additional health care market participants, it falls short of ensuring meaningful access to health care — i.e., changes in health status — because it does not reach or, at best, narrowly addresses the ways in which health care (and mental health care in particular) has been historically defined, delivered, regulated, and experienced in the United States.
Deglutition Syncope Due to Exaggerated Vagal Reflex.

Swallow or deglutition syncope is an uncommon cause of syncope associated with bradyarrhythmia and hypotension during food swallowing. Early recognition of this condition is imperative but challenging. We report a case of a 60-year-old female who presented with a complaint of intermittent lightheadedness after swallowing food. An episode of presyncope was observed and a reduced pulse rate from baseline was noted when she was instructed to eat a candy bar in the clinic. Further workup revealed normal in-office electrocardiogram, bilateral carotid ultrasound, transthoracic echocardiogram, and videofluoroscopic swallow study. Our goal in presenting this case is to raise awareness of the condition in medical literature and provide a good understanding of its clinical manifestation to prevent life-threatening events.
Why Are Over 98% of the Applications for Debt Discharge Under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program Being Denied?

On October 1, 2017 student loan borrowers who had taken out federal Direct Loans first became eligible for debt forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program after having completed the required 10 years of qualified public service employment. But as of March 31, 2020 over 98% of the more than 188,000 applications for debt relief that had been filed and fully processed under this program have been denied. The later-adopted Temporary Expanded Public Service Loan Forgiveness program has also had a strikingly high 94%+ denial rate for the over 29,000 applications for debt relief that have been filed and processed as of that date. This short Article considers the possible reasons for these bizarrely high denial rates and concludes that they are due in large part though not entirely to inadequate borrower outreach and assistance efforts by the Department of Education and its several loan servicers. Over the coming years the proportion of debt relief applications approved under these programs will likely increase, hopefully rather dramatically, This is likely to happen partly because each year a somewhat larger proportion of outstanding federal student loans will be the Direct Loans that are eligible for discharge under these programs rather than ineligible loans taken out under the earlier and now-discontinued Federal Family Education Loan program, and partly because borrowers will surely become more aware over time of both the large benefits and specific requirements of these programs as they are more extensively publicized in the media, and hopefully also partly due to more effective Department of Education efforts under a new Administration to assist eligible borrowers to obtain debt forgiveness.
The value of consensus in online stochastic scheduling

This paper reconsiders online packet scheduling in computer networks, where the goal is to minimize weighted packet loss and where the arrival distributions of packets, or approximations thereof, are available for sampling. Earlier work proposed an expectation approach, which chooses the next packet to schedule by approximating the expected loss of each decision over a set of scenarios. The expectation approach was shown to significantly outperform traditional approaches ignoring stochastic information. This paper proposes a novel stochastic approach for online packet scheduling, whose key idea is to select the next packet as the one which is scheduled first most often in the optimal solutions of the scenarios. This consensus approach is shown to outperform the expectation approach significantly whenever time constraints and the problem features limit the number of scenarios that can be solved before making a decision. More importantly perhaps, the paper shows that the consensus and expectation approaches can be integrated to combine the benefits of both approaches. These novel online stochastic optimization algorithms are generic and problem-independent, they apply to other online applications as well, and they shed new light on why existing online stochastic algorithms behave well.
CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. REPORT OF A CASE TREATED BY OPEN HEART SURGERY.

Abstract Carcinoid heart disease may develop in patients with long-standing carcinoid syndrome. The cardiac lesions often are multiple, and with rare exceptions only the right side of the heart is involved. The patient with carcinoid tumor may do well for many years but deteriorate rapidly because of acquired valvular heart disease. A patient is presented with known carcinoid syndrome for 19 years and rapidly progressive right failure of five months' duration. Cardiac catheterization studies revealed the presence of pulmonary valvular stenosis and tricuspid insufficiency. Valvulotomy was performed on the fibrocartilagenous pulmonary valve under extracorporeal circulation, and the tricuspid insufficiency was treated by annuloplasty. Because of the gross deformity and deficiency of tricuspid valve tissue, it was impossible adequately to correct the insufficiency, and the patient died in the early postoperative period.
North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory: Analysis of Shadow Zone Arrivals and Acoustic Propagation in Numerical Ocean Models

Abstract : Over the decade 1996-2006, acoustic sources located off central California and north of Kauai transmitted to receivers distributed throughout the northeast and north central Pacific. Some of the observations included "shadow-zone arrivals", that appear at travel times aligned with the lower cusps of the acoustic time front predicted by ray calculations, but with the depth of the receiver lies well below the depths of the predicted cusps. Several models for the temperature and salinity in the North Pacific Ocean were obtained and processed to enable simulations of acoustic propagation for comparison to the observations. New tools were developed to manage the large size of the model output, to extract and construct the relevant acoustic properties from the model output, and to make the acoustic calculations. Computer codes using ray tracing and the parabolic equation to calculate acoustic properties were significantly developed. The acoustic data show that WOA05 is a better estimate of the time-mean hydrography than either the JPL-ECCO or the POP estimates, which proved incapable of reproducing the observed acoustic arrival patterns.
Economy, convenience, and safety: can we have it all? Some thoughts on the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of the Committee on Injury and Poison Prevention.

In this issue of Pediatrics, we learn about the dangers of travel in the cargo beds of pick-up trucks,1 a problem that is both old and new. Although we may have only recently given this hazard the attention it deserves, the issues surrounding safe travel in pick-up trucks are common to most other injury control problems. This is but the latest example of the challenge encountered when safety measures appear to threaten individual freedom, personal convenience, or economic "reality." In the South, the Southwest, and much of rural America, the pick-up truck is, for many families, the only practical vehicle for both work and family transportation.
“White-Side, Strong-Side”: A Critical Examination of Race and Leadership in Remember the Titans

Media has long been regarded as influential in shaping and altering individuals’ perceptions of race and interracial interactions. The following article examines Remember the Titans (Bruckheimer & Yakin, 2000) as a communicative text using critical race theory as an interpretive lens. This framework facilitated the examination of pervasive stereotypes and systematic oppression that privileges Whites. In particular, this article considers issues of leadership and interracial interactions within the context of sport. The authors’ findings contribute to the heuristic nature of critical race theory by identifying a visual text that is reflective of a time in U.S. history where racial tensions were high and a Black male in a leadership role in sport was anomaly; thus, we offer further evidence that film can function as an educational tool designed to improve media literacy and raise awareness of social injustices, with the goal of improving the social realities of people of color.
MDM2 turnover and expression of ATRX determine the choice between quiescence and senescence in response to CDK4 inhibition

CDK4 inhibitors (CDK4i) earned Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the FDA last year and are entering phase III clinical trials in several cancers. However, not all tumors respond favorably to these drugs. CDK4 activity is critical for progression through G1 phase and into the mitotic cell cycle. Inhibiting this kinase induces Rb-positive cells to exit the cell cycle into either a quiescent or senescent state. In this report, using well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WD/DDLS) cell lines, we show that the proteolytic turnover of MDM2 is required for CDK4i-induced senescence. Failure to reduce MDM2 does not prevent CDK4i-induced withdrawal from the cell cycle but the cells remain in a reversible quiescent state. Reducing MDM2 in these cells drives them into the more stable senescent state. CDK4i-induced senescence associated with loss of MDM2 is also observed in some breast cancer, lung cancer and glioma cell lines indicating that this is not limited to WD/DDLS cells in which MDM2 is overexpressed or in cells that contain wild type p53. MDM2 turnover depends on its E3 ligase activity and expression of ATRX. Interestingly, in seven patients the changes in MDM2 expression were correlated with outcome. These insights identify MDM2 and ATRX as new regulators controlling geroconversion, the process by which quiescent cells become senescent, and this insight may be exploited to improve the activity of CDK4i in cancer therapy.
Frege's Puzzle and Descriptive Enrichment

As is (very) well known, Millians about proper names face a prima facie problem in accounting for our intuitions about instances of Frege’s puzzle. The version of the puzzle I have in mind is this: sometimes two simple sentences can differ only with respect to the substitution of coreferential proper names, and yet one sentence seems to express a trivial and a priori proposition, whereas the other seems to express a non-trivial and a posteriori proposition. Consider, for example,
The Pharmacokinetics of Propofol in Children Using Three Different Data Analysis Approaches

BackgroundAccurate dosing of propofol in children requires accurate knowledge of propofol pharmacokinetics in this population. Improvement in pharmacokinetic accuracy may depend on the incorporation of individual patient factors into the pharmacokinetic model or the use of population approaches to e
Poincaré's theorem and unitary transformations for classical and quantum systems

Abstract Poincare's celebrated theorem on the nonexistence of analytical invariants of motion is extended to the case of a continuous spectrum to deal with large classical and quantum systems. It is shown that Poincare's theorem applies to situations where there exist continuous sets of resonances. This condition is equivalent to the nonvanishing of the asymptotic collision operator as defined in modern kinetic theory. Typical examples are systems presenting relaxation processes or exhibiting unstable quantum levels. As the result of Poincare's theorem, the unitary transformation, leading to a cyclic Hamiltonian in classical mechanics or to the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian operator in quantum mechanics, diverges. We obtain therefore a dynamical classification of large classical or quantum systems. This is of special interest for quantum systems as, historically, quantum mechanics has been formulated following closely the patterns of classical integrable systems. The well known results of Friedrichs concerning the coupling of discrete states with a continuum are recovered. However, the role of the collision operator suggests new ways of eliminating the divergence in the unitary transformation theory.
The effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I on chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy in rats.

The Effect of Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Chronic Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephropathy in Rats
Association of human transferrin receptor with GABARAP.

A yeast two-hybrid screen identified a specific interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of transferrin receptor (TfR) and GABARAP, a 14 kDa protein that binds to the γ2 subunit of neuronal GABAA receptors. The specificity of the TfR–GABARAP interaction was demonstrated by in vitro binding assays with purified proteins and by co-immunoprecipitation of GABARAP with endogenous TfR from HeLa cell lysates. Replacement of the YTRF internalization motif with ATRA within the cytoplasmic domain of TfR reduced interaction with GABARAP in the yeast two-hybrid screen and in vitro binding assays. The intracellular location of GABARAP using chimeric GABARAP–GFP showed that the majority of GABARAP was located in perinuclear vesicles. Our results show that GABARAP plays a more general role outside the confines of neuronal cells and GABAA receptors.
Divergence-Free Multiwavelets on the Half Plane

We use the biorthogonal multiwavelets related by differentiation constructed in previous work to construct compactly supported biorthogonal multiwavelet bases for the space of vector fields on the upper half plane R2 + such that the reconstruction wavelets are divergence-free and have vanishing normal components on the boundary of R2 +. Such wavelets are suitable to study the Navier–Stokes equations on a half plane when imposing a Navier boundary condition.
Introductory message from WACV 2009 general chair

Welcome to the proceedings of the Ninth IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Application of Computer Vision (WACV 2009), held at Snowbird, Utah from December 7–8, 2009. We are delighted to be part of this year's IEEE Winter Vision Meetings, which also included WMVC and Winter-PETS.
The Berlin Mandate: The costs of meeting post-2000 targets and timetables

Current commitments by developed countries have been deemed inadequate to meet the objective of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. As a result, international negotiators are exploring new commitments for the post-2000 time period. We examine the costs of meeting proposed sets of targets and timetables. We then explore the potential gains from international cooperation and flexible timing.