cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal behavior and indirect life test of large-area OLED lighting panels

In this work, we studied the thermal behavior and addressed the challenges of life testing of large area OLED devices. In particular, we developed an indirect method to accurately calculate the life time of large-area OLED lighting panels without physically life-testing the panels. Using small area OLEDs with structures identical with the tested panels, we performed the life tests at desired driving current densities at different temperatures and extracted the relationship between junction temperature and the lifetime for the particular device. By measuring the panel junction temperature during operation under the same current density and using the life time measured on small area test devices, we determine the lifetime of the panels based on the thermal dependence. We test this methodology by predicting the life time of white PHOLED panels and then physically testing the panels. The typical result for the lifetime to 80% of the initial luminance (LT80) of the panel at a constant dc current density of 10 mA/cm2 (3800 cd/m2), was predicted to be 526 hours in good agreement with the actual life-test at 10 mA/cm2 of 512 hrs. This good agreement, confirmed in different experiments, validates this novel technique as a practical life time predictor of large-area OLED lighting panels in a time saving manner.
Inhibition of Daptomycin by Pulmonary Surfactant: In Vitro Modeling and Clinical Impact

The lipopeptide daptomycin has been approved for use in skin and skin-structure infections but has failed to meet statistical noninferiority criteria in a clinical trial for severe community-acquired pneumonia. Daptomycin exhibited an unusual pattern of activity in pulmonary animal models: efficacy in Staphylococcus aureus hematogenous pneumonia and inhalation anthrax but no activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in simple bronchial-alveolar pneumonia. Daptomycin was shown to interact in vitro with pulmonary surfactant, resulting in inhibition of antibacterial activity. This effect was specific to daptomycin and consistent with its known mechanism of action. This represents the first example of organ-specific inhibition of an antibiotic.
Inhalation injury: epidemiology, pathology, treatment strategies

Lung injury resulting from inhalation of smoke or chemical products of combustion continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Combined with cutaneous burns, inhalation injury increases fluid resuscitation requirements, incidence of pulmonary complications and overall mortality of thermal injury. While many products and techniques have been developed to manage cutaneous thermal trauma, relatively few diagnosis-specific therapeutic options have been identified for patients with inhalation injury. Several factors explain slower progress for improvement in management of patients with inhalation injury. Inhalation injury is a more complex clinical problem. Burned cutaneous tissue may be excised and replaced with skin grafts. Injured pulmonary tissue must be protected from secondary injury due to resuscitation, mechanical ventilation and infection while host repair mechanisms receive appropriate support. Many of the consequences of smoke inhalation result from an inflammatory response involving mediators whose number and role remain incompletely understood despite improved tools for processing of clinical material. Improvements in mortality from inhalation injury are mostly due to widespread improvements in critical care rather than focused interventions for smoke inhalation. Morbidity associated with inhalation injury is produced by heat exposure and inhaled toxins. Management of toxin exposure in smoke inhalation remains controversial, particularly as related to carbon monoxide and cyanide. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been evaluated in multiple trials to manage neurologic sequelae of carbon monoxide exposure. Unfortunately, data to date do not support application of hyperbaric oxygen in this population outside the context of clinical trials. Cyanide is another toxin produced by combustion of natural or synthetic materials. A number of antidote strategies have been evaluated to address tissue hypoxia associated with cyanide exposure. Data from European centers supports application of specific antidotes for cyanide toxicity. Consistent international support for this therapy is lacking. Even diagnostic criteria are not consistently applied though bronchoscopy is one diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Medical strategies under investigation for specific treatment of smoke inhalation include beta-agonists, pulmonary blood flow modifiers, anticoagulants and antiinflammatory strategies. Until the value of these and other approaches is confirmed, however, the clinical approach to inhalation injury is supportive.
A day in the life of a digital preservation initiative director

It’s the first ‘work day’ of 2011! For two weeks, Stanford University has been closed for Holiday Break. Sometimes during vacations I completely disengage by traveling to remote corners of the world to hike or sail, but this time I kept up with e-mail, and had a meeting (or two or three) with key people. For the most part, colleagues were on vacation, and I’m not returning to a huge backlog. Thank goodness!
Cross-layer architectural framework for highly-mobile multihop airborne telemetry networks

Highly dynamic mobile wireless networks present unique challenges to end-to-end communication, particularly caused by the time varying connectivity of high-velocity nodes combined with the unreliability of the wireless communication channel. Addressing these challenges requires the design of new protocols and mechanisms specific to this environment. Our research explores the tradeoffs in the location of functionality such as error control and location management for high-velocity multihop airborne sensor networks and presents cross-layer optimizations between the MAC, link, network, and transport layers to enable a domain specific network architecture, which provides high reliability for telemetry applications. We have designed new transport, network, and routing protocols for this environment: TCP-friendly AeroTP, IP-compatible AeroNP, and AeroRP, and show significant performance improvement over the traditional TCP/IP/MANET protocol stack.
Influence of caffeine on mutations induced by nitrosoguanidine in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains.

Strains deficient in recombinational repair (recA−) failed to be reverted by MNNG. Caffeine was found to efficiently repress MNNG-induced reversions with proficient and deficient (uvrB−) excision repair strains. The presence of the resistance plasmid pKM 101 had no influence on the effectiveness of caffeine.
The smart card: don't leave home without it

The author introduces smart cards, discussing both their background and where they're headed in the future. The term smart card generally refers to a plastic card the size of an ordinary credit card with a chip that holds a microprocessor and a data-storage unit. Developers hope smart cards will combine conventional identification documents with an electronic purse and a bank account access card for telebanking transactions. Another goal is to be able to insert the cards into an Internet terminal for e-business. Smart cards might also provide access to mail functions; replace key chains by acting as a multipurpose digital key; serve as a ticket for public transportation systems; or serve as a key card for a previously booked hotel room. The author discusses the history of smart cards, standards, communication, and their use in mobile applications.
The intermediate wake of a body of revolution at high Reynolds numbers

Results are presented on the flow field downstream of a body of revolution for Reynolds numbers based on a model length ranging from 1.1 × 106 to 67 × 106. The maximum Reynolds number is more than an order of magnitude larger than that obtained in previous laboratory wake studies. Measurements are taken in the intermediate wake at locations 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 diameters downstream from the stern in the midline plane. The model is based on an idealized submarine shape (DARPA SUBOFF), and it is mounted in a wind tunnel on a support shaped like a semi-infinite sail. The mean velocity distributions on the side opposite the support demonstrate self-similarity at all locations and Reynolds numbers, whereas the mean velocity distribution on the side of the support displays significant effects of the support wake. None of the Reynolds stress distributions of the flow attain self-similarity, and for all except the lowest Reynolds number, the support introduces a significant asymmetry into the wake which results in a decrease in the radial and streamwise turbulence intensities on the support side. The distributions continue to evolve with downstream position and Reynolds number, although a slow approach to the expected asymptotic behaviour is observed with increasing distance downstream.
THE PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Measurements of photosynthesis were made in continuous and flashing light of high intensity, using cells varying in chlorophyll content. The amount of chlorophyll present per molecule of carbon dioxide reduced per single flash of light was found to be about 2480 molecules. The length of time required for one unit in the photosynthetic mechanism to complete the cycle of photochemical and Blackman reactions was found to be about 0.02 sec. at 25°C. The equation R = AIN was shown to give a good description of the rate of the photochemical reaction, when A is a velocity constant, I the intensity of light, and N the number of units in the photosynthetic mechanism.
Signaling, Free Cash Flow, and 'Nonmonotonic' Dividends

It has long been argued that dividends are used as a signal of future earnings or as a means of distributing excess cash. However, the empirical tests of these two hypotheses have generated inconclusive results. One reason for these inconclusive results is that no model combines both the signaling and cash-flow-distribution aspects of dividends. This paper develops a framework in which firms have an incentive to pay dividends to both signal and distribute free cash flows. High-quality observationally-distinct firms pay dividends to eliminate the free-cash-flow problem, while high-quality observationally-similar firms that the market perceives as intermediate quality pay dividends to both signal future earnings and reduce the free-cash-flow problem. The equilibrium entails a nonmonotonicity in dividend payments with respect to the signal observed by the market at the interim date; the highest quality firms pay lower dividends than those of intermediate quality. Our theoretical argument helps reconcile the existing inconclusive empirical findings and also generates new empirical predictions that are then tested. The evidence supports these predictions.
Intraretinal proliferation induced by retinal detachment.

Cellular proliferation after retinal detachment was studied by 3H-thymidine light microscopic autoradiography in cats that had experimental detachments of 0.5-180 days duration. The animals underwent labeling 2 hr before death with an intraocular injection of 200 microCi of 3H-thymidine. The number of labeled nuclei were counted in 1-micron thick tissue sections in regions of detachment, in regions of the experimental eyes that remained attached, and in control eyes that had no detachments. In the normal eye, in one that had only the lens and vitreous removed, and in the eyes with 0.5- and 1-day detachments, the number of labeled nuclei ranged from 0/mm (0.5-day detachment) to 0.38/mm (lens and vitreous removed only). By 2 days postdetachment, the number of labeled nuclei increased to 2.09/mm. The highest levels of labeling occurred in two animals with detachments of 3 (7.86/mm) and 4 (7.09/mm) days. Thereafter, the numbers declined steadily until near-baseline counts were obtained at 14 days. The number of labeled nuclei was slightly elevated in the attached regions of two animals with 3-day detachments. Labeled cell types included: Muller cells, astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells of the retinal vasculature, and both resident (microglial cells) and invading macrophages. In an earlier study RPE cells were also shown to proliferate in response to detachment. Thus, these data show that proliferation is a rapid response to detachment, reaching a maximum within 4 days, and that virtually every nonneuronal cell type in the retina can participate in this response. The data suggest that events leading to such clinical manifestations as proliferative vitreoretinopathy and subretinal fibrosis may have their beginnings in this very early proliferative response.
Towards an Enhanced Design Level Security: Integrating Attack Trees with Statecharts

Software security has become more and more critical as we are increasingly depending on the Internet, an untrustworthy computing environment. Software functionality and security are tightly related to each other, vulnerabilities due to design errors, inconsistencies, incompleteness, and missing constraints in system specifications can be wrongly exploited by security attacks. These two concerns, however, are often handled separately. In this paper we present a threat driven approach that improves on the quality of software through the realization of a more secure functional model. The approach introduces systematic transformation rules and integration steps for mapping attack tree representations into lower level dynamic behavior, then integrates this behavior into state chart-based functional models. Through the focus on both the functional and threat behavior, software engineers can introduce, clearly define and understand security concerns as software is designed. To identify vulnerabilities, our approach then applies security analysis and threat identification to the integrated model.
U.S. Monetary Expectations and Emerging Market Debt Flows

This paper examines the effects that changes to U.S. monetary expectations have on debt flows to emerging markets since the Global Financial Crisis. First, daily interest rate expectations measured by federal fund futures and a shadow rate model are used to categorize Federal Reserve announcements as easing (unexpected), tightening (unexpected), easing (expected), and tightening (expected). Second, the announcements categorized by the shadow rate model are used for an event study on daily emerging market debt flows by currency (all currencies, hard currency, local currency, mixed currency), investor (all investors, active investors, passive investors), and region (Asia excluding Japan, Europe Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Latin America, and Global Emerging Markets (Global EM)). The results show that tightening (unexpected) announcements cause emerging market debt outflows, hard currency debt flows respond more to announcements than local currency debt flows, and that passive investors respond more than active investors. Debt flows to Latin America respond more to announcements than debt flows to Asia ex-Japan, EMEA, and Global EM.
Modeling Water Supply Systems for Earthquake Response Analysis

Breve description du seisme de San Francisco de 1906 et ses effets sur le systeme d'alimentation en eau de la ville. Description des systemes d'alimentation ou eau avec accentuation sur les deux zones du systeme dans les quartiers bas. Description d'un modele hydraulique du systeme et sa verification par des essais d'ecoulement de bouche d'incendie. Resultats analytiques montrant comment un seisme peut affecter la distribution de l'eau dans le systeme ainsi que la possibilite de lutter contre les incendies
Extending IFC to incorporate information of RFID tags attached to building elements

We discussed the needs for adding definitions of RFID components to a BIM.We investigated scenarios to identify the related attributes of RFID system components.We investigated the relationships of RFID components with the assets/spaces.We proposed an IFC extension to incorporate the new definitions of RFID components.We validated and demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method through a real-world case study. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is emerging as a method of creating, sharing, exchanging and managing the building information throughout the lifecycle between all stakeholders. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), on the other hand, has emerged as an automatic data collection and information storage technology, and has been used in different applications in the AEC/FM (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Facilities Management) industry. RFID tags are attached to building assets throughout their lifecycle and used to store lifecycle and context aware information taken from a BIM. Consequently, there is a need for a standard and formal definition of RFID technology components in BIM. The goal of this paper is to add the definitions for RFID components to the BIM standard and to map the data to be stored in RFID memory to the associated entries in a BIM database. The paper defines new entities, data types, and properties to be added to the BIM. Furthermore, the paper identifies the relationships between RFID tags and building elements. These predefined relationships facilitate the linkage between BIM data and RFID data. Eventually, the data that are required to be saved on RFID tags can be automatically selected using the defined relationships in a BIM. A real-world case study has been implemented to validate the proposed method using available BIM software.
Sleep Moderates and Mediates the Relationship Between Acculturation and Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant Mexican-American Women

Objective Greater acculturation is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in Mexican-American women, but the mechanisms by which acculturation influences perinatal outcomes are unclear. Pregnant acculturated Mexican-American women are more likely to engage in unhealthy prenatal behaviors relative to those less acculturated, including poor sleep. As sleep disruptions are associated with acculturation and negative perinatal outcomes, particularly maternal depression, alterations in sleep may adversely affect pregnant Mexican-American women. Methods Sixty pregnant women of Mexican descent completed surveys about sleep, acculturation, depressive symptoms and potential protective factor of social support. Results Acculturation, but not social support, significantly predicted increased sleep disruptions as well as overall feeling less refreshed upon waking across pregnancy. Moderation analysis indicated that more acculturated women who took longer to fall asleep reported increased depressive symptoms. Feeling refreshed upon waking also mediated the relationship between increased acculturation and elevated maternal depressive symptoms. Conclusions Acculturation and altered sleep contribute to greater risk in Mexican-American women for maternal depressive symptoms in the perinatal period. These findings have implications for prevention and treatment of maternal mental health disorders, which may adversely affect perinatal outcomes in the vulnerable Mexican-American population.
Morphological Changes in Healthy and Malaria Infected Erythrocytes Probed by High Pressure Microscopy

A unique tool to investigate volume effects on the structure and metabolism of living cells is pressure perturbation. We present measurements of volume changes in healthy red blood cells (RBCs) and those infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum over the pressure range from 0.1 to 210 MPa. The lateral diameter of healthy RBCs decreases reversibly with pressure with an approximate slope of 0.015 micron / MPa. In infected cells, we observe clear differences in the deformability and between the compression and decompression curves. The results are discussed with respect to the the spectrin molecular network and the cell membrane. Single cell absorption spectra of RBCs infected with the malaria parasite indicate hemoglobin degradation that can be correlated with the stages of the parasite multiplication cycle.
Effects of reaction gel dehydration on the synthesis of Cu(NC 5H5)4VOF4 and [Cu(NC 5H5)4VOF4][Cu(NC5H 5)4(H2O)VOF4]·H2O

The acentric anion, [VOF4]2-, has been incorporated into two new compounds, [Cu(NC5H5)4VOF4][Cu(NC5H5) 4(H2O)VOF4]·H2O and Cu(NC5H5)4VOF4. Single crystals of both compounds were grown from nearly identical reaction gels under mild hydro(solvo)thermal conditions, which differed only in the inclusion or exclusion of water. While both compounds contain infinite chains, stark differences in structure and composition are observed. The composition of [VOF4]2- dictates the anion's geometry, structure-directing properties, and hydrogen-bonding capacity, and is responsible for the compositional variation between [Cu(NC5H5)4VOF4][Cu(NC5H5)4(H2O)VOF4]·H2O and Cu(NC5H5)4VOF4, the observed local and extended order of oxide fluoride anions, and unusual packing motifs. Primary coordination to each [VOF4]2- anion in [Cu(NC5H5)4VOF4][Cu(NC5H5)4(H2O)VOF4]·H2O and Cu(NC5H5)4VOF4 is directed through trans-fluoride ligands, yet variability exists in further sites of interaction. Alignment of V−O bonds in Cu(NC5H5)4VOF4 result...
Abstract 200: EGCG inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics in human primary tumors, and carcinogenesis in KrasG12Dtransgenic mice.

EGCG, a component of green tea, exerts antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions on a number of different cancer cell lines through diverse mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which EGCG inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis are poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which EGCG inhibits stem cell characteristics of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from human primary tumors and carcinogenesis in KrasG12D transgenic mice. Human pancreatic CSCs (CD133+CD44+CD24+ESA+) are highly tumorigenic and form subcutaneous tumors in NOD/SCID IL2R gamma mice. Human pancreatic CSCs expressing high levels of CD133, CD24, CD44, ESA, and aldehyde dehydrogenase also express significantly more Nanog, Oct-4, Notch1, MDR1 and ABCG2 than normal pancreatic tissues and primary pancreatic cancer cells. Similarly, CSCs from KrasG12D mice express significantly high levels of pluripotency maintaining factors than pancreatic tissues from Pdx-Cre mice. EGCG inhibits the growth (size and weight) and development (PanIN lesions) of pancreatic cancer in KrasG12D mice by suppressing the activation of Kras, ERK, AKT and FoxO. EGCG inhibits the self-renewal capacity of pancreatic CSCs derived from human primary tumors and KrasG12D mice. EGCG inhibits pluripotency maintaining factors (Nanog, Sox-2, c-Myc and Oct-4) and drug resistance gene ABCG2 in CSCs. Inhibition of Nanog by shRNA enhances the inhibitory effects of EGCG on self-renewal capacity of CSCs. Finally, EGCG inhibits CSC9s migration and invasion and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (Zeb-1, Slug and Snail). These data suggest that EGCG can inhibit pancreatic cancer development in human and KrasG12D transgenic mice by inhibiting stem cell characteristics. In conclusion, EGCG can be used for the management of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Luke Marsh, Su-Ni Tang, Dara Nall, Chris Jackman, Sharmila Shankar, Rakesh K. Srivastava. EGCG inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics in human primary tumors, and carcinogenesis in KrasG12D transgenic mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-200
Determining the Role of Metal Binding in Protein Cage Assembly

Assembly of protein cages may require structural metal ions to nucleate or stabilize association of protein subunits. We describe here an approach to establishing the role of metal ions in protein cage assembly and stability, focusing on detecting the presence of structural metal ions as well as establishing oligomeric state. A colorimetric assay for detection of metal is described, along with a gel filtration assay to assess protein cage assembly and a fluorescence-based method for determining protein stability.
N-Detection Test Sets for Circuits with Multiple Independent Scan Chains

In a circuit with multiple independent scan chains, it is possible to operate groups of scan chains independently in functional or shift mode. This design-for-testability approach can be used to increase the quality of a test set. This article describes an N-detection test generation procedure for increasing the quality of a transition fault test set in such a circuit. The procedure uses the possibility of applying the same test, with the scan chains operating in different modes, to increase the numbers of detections without increasing the number of tests that need to be generated or stored on a tester. This results in reduced input storage requirements compared with a conventional N-detection test set and an increased number of applied tests. The increased quality of the test set is verified by its bridging fault coverage.
PREDICTING FOOT PROGRESSION ANGLE DURING GAIT USING TWO CLINICAL MEASURES IN HEALTHY ADULTS, A PRELIMINARY STUDY.

BACKGROUND The foot progression angle (FPA) is related to the transverse plane rotation of the lower extremities and associated with many lower extremity conditions. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine how two commonly used clinical measures, tibio-fibular torsion (TF) and hip rotation, can be used to predict FPA during gait in healthy adults. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study design. METHODS Passive hip internal and external rotation ranges of motion and TF torsion were measured with a 12-inch goniometer while the FPA (degree of toe-in/out) was measured with the GAITRite during midstance in sixty participants. The data was analyzed using a multiple regression model. RESULTS Hip ER was not significant and was therefore excluded from the final model. The final model included passive hip IR and TF torsion (F = 19.64; p < .001; multiple R(2) = .41; adjusted R(2) = .39). Simple binary correlations showed that hip IR had a moderate negative correlation (r = -.40) with FPA (the greater the hip IR, the greater the in-toeing) while TF torsion had a positive correlation (r = .39) with FPA (the greater the external TF torsion. the greater the out-toeing). CONCLUSIONS Greater amount of passive hip IR predicts in-toeing while greater TF torsion predicts out-toeing of the foot during midstance phase of gait. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2.
The abolition of the mandatory death penalty in Bangladesh: a comment on Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust v. Bangladesh

ABSTRACTIn May 2015, the Bangladesh Supreme Court’s Appellate Division invalidated the mandatory death penalty for a specific form of aggravated murder. The Appellate Division confirmed a broad Commonwealth consensus that the mandatory death penalty constitutes cruel and degrading punishment, citing jurisprudence from the United States, the English-speaking Caribbean, East Africa, Singapore and India. Although the decision followed the majority rule in the common law world, it is unlikely to transform Bangladesh’s capital punishment regime due to the country’s professed exceptionalism as it pertains to political crimes, such as the alleged war crimes carried out during the War of Independence with West Pakistan in 1971. Nonetheless, invalidation of the mandatory death penalty accords with international human rights norms and asserts the independence of the judiciary in relation to criminal sentencing matters.
The effects of adrenalectomy and hydrocortisone on rat liver metabolites and glycogen synthetase activity.

An attempt has been made to locate the defect in glycogen synthesis which results from adrenalectomy and to find the mechanism by which hydrocortisone corrects this defect. The levels of 12 metabolites believed to be associated with the pathway from lactate to glycogen were studied, and the results indicate that the major defect following adrenalectomy occurs at the step between UDP-glucose and glycogen. This was confirmed by attempts to induce glycogen formation with lactate administration. When glycogenesis was restored with hydrocortisone the changes in metabolite levels indicated that the UDP-glucose to glycogen step was greatly facilitated. In vitro measurements of hepatic glycogen synthetase activities, together with kinetic studies of the enzyme, showed that adrenalectomy does not lower the total synthetase level, but causes a conversion of most of the enzyme to the form that is dependent on glucose-6-P for activity. Hydrocortisone, conversely, does not significantly change the total synthetase level but converts a substantial amount of the glucose-6-P dependent synthetase to the "independent" form. It is concluded that glucocorticoids permit glycogen synthesis by maintaining part of the glycogen synthetase in the form which is active even at low glucose-6-P levels.
The Galerkin boundary element method for transient Stokes flow

Since the fundamental solution for transient Stokes flow in three dimensions is complicated it is difficult to implement discretization methods for boundary integral formulations. We derive a representation of the Stokeslet and stresslet in terms of incomplete gamma functions and investigate the nature of the singularity of the single- and double layer potentials. Further, we give analytical formulas for the time integration and develop Galerkin schemes with tensor product piecewise polynomial ansatz functions. Numerical results demonstrate optimal convergence rates.
Pelvic Exenterative Therapy and Recurrent Pelvic Carcinoma1

During the 5 year period from June 1,1965, to June 1, 1970, 37 patients were treated with some type of pelvic exenteration at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Total pelvic exenteration was performed in over 60 per cent of the cases. Of 14 patients operated upon 3 or more years ago, 7 are alive and clinically free of disease. The operative mortality in the cases reported is 2.7 per cent. Of 21 patients treated 2 or more years ago, 6 had regional lymph node involvement and all have died of disease. Twelve of the I5 patients with no nodal involvement are alive and clinically free of disease. The importance of various technical points to include “ski positioning” of the patient on the operating table, development of a peritoneal sling to be used as a pelvic cover, preparation of a ureterosigmoid conduit for urinary diversion, and profihylactic compartmentalization of the inferior vena cava are described in detail. Vaginal reconstruction when desired is performed at a later date.
Perspective Construction in Organizational Behavior

The study of organizational behavior involves constrained comprehension of constrained acting. Perspectives on organizational behavior gain and lose their breadth, substance, and credibility as the person doing the explaining is modified by ongoing experience. These ongoing modifications shape the interpretations that are summarized in a perspective. These dual constraints on comprehension and action form a “career-long voice.” This article explores conceptually, biographically, and prescriptively the ways in which perspectives develop, to suggest tacit means by which the study of organizational behavior can continue to develop.
Game Day Meets Election Day: Sports Records, Election Results, and the American South*

Objectives Given the emerging literature on the connection between sports outcomes and election results, we replicate and extend previous scholarship while investigating if the relationship is most evident in the American South where sports is followed with a religious fervor. Methods The first stage of our study replicates and extends the analysis by Miller (2013) of the relationship between professional sports records and incumbent vote share in mayoral elections. The second stage of this project updates the analysis by Healy et al. (2010) on the relationship between college football victories and incumbent party vote share through an exploration of the 2012 presidential election as well as senatorial and gubernatorial elections from 2010 to 2013. Results In the first stage, we disaggregate the influence of professional football records and find no impact of those records on incumbent vote share in mayoral elections. For the second stage, we discover that college football victories in the two weeks before the election had no impact on presidential and senatorial elections but a powerful influence on incumbent party vote share for gubernatorial elections from 2010 to 2013. A college football team victory in the two weeks before the gubernatorial election contributes 3.2–4.5 percentage points to the incumbent party vote share after controlling for prior vote share as well as key demographic variables. In both stages of this study, we find the relationship is not amplified in the South. Conclusions The findings of this study on college football wins and gubernatorial election results provide further support for the contention that voter well-being and happiness can influence retrospective voting, and the phenomenon is neither limited to the South nor confined to the power conferences. As elections move closer to the people, the impact of college football outcomes becomes more evident.
IEVQ: An Iterative Example-Based Visual Query for Pathology Database

Microscopic image analysis of nuclei in pathology images generates tremendous amount of spatially derived data to support biomedical research and potential diagnosis. Such spatial data can be managed by traditional SQL based spatial databases and queried by SQL for spatial relationships. However, traditional spatial databases are designed for structured data with limited expressibility, which is difficult to support queries for complex visual patterns. Moreover, SQL based queries are not intuitive for biomedical researchers or pathologists. In this paper, we investigate the expressive power of visual query for spatial databases and propose an effective yet general Iterative Example-based Visual Query IEVQuery framework to query shapes and distributions. More specifically, we extract features from nuclei in pathology databases, such as shape polygon nuclei density distribution, and nuclei growth directions to build search indexes. The user employs visual interactions such as sketching to input queries for interesting patterns. Meanwhile, the user is allowed to iteratively create queries, which are based on previous search results, to finely tune the features more accurately to find preferred results. We build a system to enable users to specify sketch based queries interactively for 1 nuclei shapes, 2 nuclei densities, and 3 nuclei growth directions. To validate our methods, we take a pathology database [11] consisting of hundreds of millions of nuclei, and enable the user to search in the database to find most matching results through our system.
Secondary traumatic stress in emergency medicine clinicians.

Previously called Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), secondary exposure to trauma is now considered a valid DSM-5 Criterion A stressor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies have...
Engaging in Inclusion: Cultivating LGBTQ Students’ Sense of Belonging through a Critical Place-Based Curriculum

Abstract While recent literature has highlighted the importance of inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) topics in the composition courses (Alexander and Wallace, 2009; Furrow, 2012), few have outlined how to include these topics. The purpose of this article is to detail how the inclusion of LGBTQ students and topics was achieved in a freshman first-year writing course using a critical place-based curriculum. While most place-based curriculum do not take into account LGBTQ students’ unique lived experiences on a college campus, this article details how conversations and assignments were altered to take into consideration issues of power and privilege on campus. Implications suggest the need for use critical pedagogical practices in the composition classroom.
Cellulose nanomaterials as additives for cementitious materials

Abstract This chapter presents a survey of the research literature of cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) as additives to cementitious materials for property enhancement. These additives include cellulose fiber, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), cellulose microfibrils (CMFs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and bacterial cellulose (BC). Emphasis was placed on how CNs interact with the cement particles, affecting the rheological properties of CN–cement mixtures, the hydration process, and the resulting mechanical properties. In addition, potential mechanisms responsible for the observed property modifications were introduced, providing insights into more efficient applications of CN in cementitious materials.
Fine-Gray competing risks model with high-dimensional covariates: estimation and Inference

Author(s): Hou, Jue; Bradic, Jelena; Xu, Ronghui | Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to construct confidence intervals for the regression coefficients in the Fine-Gray model for competing risks data with random censoring, where the number of covariates can be larger than the sample size. Despite strong motivation from biomedical applications, a high-dimensional Fine-Gray model has attracted relatively little attention among the methodological or theoretical literature. We fill in this gap by developing confidence intervals based on a one-step bias-correction for a regularized estimation. We develop a theoretical framework for the partial likelihood, which does not have independent and identically distributed entries and therefore presents many technical challenges. We also study the approximation error from the weighting scheme under random censoring for competing risks and establish new concentration results for time-dependent processes. In addition to the theoretical results and algorithms, we present extensive numerical experiments and an application to a study of non-cancer mortality among prostate cancer patients using the linked Medicare-SEER data.
Acute kidney injury impact on inpatient mortality in Clostridium difficile infection: A national propensity-matched study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Acute kidney injury (AKI) is used as a marker of severity in Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) patients. We estimated the true effect of AKI in inpatient mortality of CDI patients, as there are no large-scale, population-based, propensity-matched studies evaluating AKI's effect in this patient cohort. METHODS A retrospective observational study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample from years 2003 to 2012, including all adults with CDI, excluding cases missing data on age, inpatient mortality or gender. Trends and CDI-related complications as mortality predictors were assessed using survey-weighted multivariable regression. We estimated AKI's independent effect by propensity-matching, post-stratifying by chronic kidney disease status, allowing for multiple comorbidity adjustment. RESULTS A total of 2 859 599 patients with CDI were included, of which 896 122 (31.3%) had principal diagnosis of CDI. AKI prevalence was 22%. Mortality rate was 8.4%, while among AKI patients was higher (18.2%). In multivariable regression, AKI was associated with higher mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.02-3.30; P < 0.001), while after propensity matching, AKI increased mortality by 86% (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.79-1.94; P < 0.001). CDI incidence increased by 1.8, together with the rate of AKI (12.6% in 2003 to 28.8% in 2012, P-trend < 0.001). Despite increasing hospitalizations, mortality over the study period decreased to 7.2% (2012) from 9.0% (2003); P-trend < 0.001. CONCLUSION Hospital admissions of patients with CDI and concomitant AKI are increasing, but their inpatient mortality has improved over the study period. AKI is a significant contributor to mortality, independently of other comorbidities, complications, and hospital characteristics, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and aggressive management in such patients.
Current standards for clinical management of small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Despite over 30 years of clinical research, little progress has been made in the management of SCLC, and outcomes remain poor. Here, we review the current clinical standards for management of SCLC and the data supporting these strategies.
Error Concealment in Encoded Video Streams

In ATM networks cell loss causes data to be dropped, which results in the loss of entire macroblocks when MPEG video is being transmitted. In order to reconstruct the missing data, the location of these macroblocks must be known. We describe a technique for packing ATM cells with compressed data, with the aim of detecting the location of missing macroblocks in the encoded video stream. This technique also permits proper decoding of correctly received macroblocks, and thus prevents the loss of ATM cells from affecting the decoding process. We also describe spatial and temporal techniques for the recovery of lost macroblocks. The spatial techniques fall into two categories: deterministic and statistical. A deterministic spatial approach we provide aims at reconstructing each lost pixel by spatial interpolation from the nearest undamaged pixels. Another, recovers lost macroblocks by minimizing inter-sample variations within each block and across its boundaries. In the statistical approach, each frame is modeled as a Markov Random Field, and a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the missing macroblocks is obtained based on this model. The MAP estimate for each pixel within a lost macroblock is obtained by means of the iterative conditional modes (ICM) algorithm. The iterative method is guaranteed to converge to a global maximum, even though the global maximum is not unique. It is shown that, for each pixel, the median of its neighbors is a MAP estimate. In temporal reconstruction, a search is carried out over a reference frame for the macroblock sized region that will maximize the posterior distribution of the lost macroblock given its neighbors.
Microencapsulated binary carbonate salt mixture in silica shell with enhanced effective heat capacity for high temperature latent heat storage

Abstract Microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCM) with large active surface area can improve the system's effective heat capacity as a thermal storage medium. However, its usage in high temperature applications like concentrated solar power (CSP) has not yet been achieved due to the lack of a feasible microencapsulation method for high temperature compatible materials. This work reports novel process developed to achieve the first microencapsulation of a complex material system with high latent heat such like binary carbonate and its potential usage as a high temperature compatible thermal storage medium for CSP application. The MEPCM was demonstrated to be thermally stable up to 540 °C with a repeatable latent heat of 220 J/g. The MEPCM provides a 134.4% effective heat capacity enhancement for a temperature range from 400 °C to 540 °C compared to solar salt as a thermal storage medium. Finally, the proposed microencapsulation process was also shown to be applicable to other salt systems, showing its great potential for different application temperatures.
Representations of reliability: The rhetoric of political flip-flopping

Abstract This study used a qualitative analysis of political flip-flops (N = 141) to create a typology of rhetorical strategies for politicians who are perceived to have changed positions on political issues. The core purpose of such rhetoric is to achieve a representation of reliability. Politicians who appear to change positions must do so in a way that does not make them seem unreliable to their key stakeholders. Strategies for achieving this goal fall into four primary categories: ignore, deny, justify, and repent. Within each category are more specific tactics, such as evading questions, claiming one was misquoted, arguing one is adapting to new circumstances, or explaining that one has acquired new information about an issue. Using Bitzer’s theory of the rhetorical situation, we argue that certain strategies are more appropriate than others in certain situations. We discuss the practical and ethical implications of these strategies.
Flotation froth image recognition with convolutional neural networks

Abstract Computer vision systems designed for flotation froth image analysis are well established in industry, where their ability to measure froth flow velocities and stability are used to control recovery. However, the use of froth image analysis to estimate the concentrations of mineral species in the froth phase is less well established and the reliability of these algorithms depends on the quality of the features that can be extracted from the froth images. Over less than a decade, convolutional neural networks have significantly pushed the boundaries with regard to image recognition in range of technical applications, notably cancer diagnosis, face recognition, remote sensing, as well as applications in the food industry. With the exception of the exploration geosciences, they are yet to make meaningful inroads in the mineral process industries. In this study, the use of three pretrained neural networks architectures to estimate froth grades from industrial image data, namely AlexNet, VGG16 and ResNet is considered. In its pretrained format, AlexNet outperformed previously proposed methods by a significant margin. This margin could be increased markedly via partial retraining of the VGG16 and ResNet34 networks.
Are Consumers Really Strategic? Implications from an Experimental Study

In the wake of recent literature on revenue management with strategic consumer behavior, we report the results of a new experimental study. The experiment considers the strategic and bargain-hunting behavior of decision makers faced with buy-now vs. wait decisions, in a retail markdown pricing context. We test whether the consumer behavior is consistent with the discounted expected utility model (DEU), or with its modified version that accounts for the individual perception of risk associated with the wait option. After controlling for risk perceptions, we find that 77% of subjects are forward-looking, and 36% of them correctly perceive the future availability risk. In addition, more subjects adopt the forward-looking strategy if they are explicitly given the probability of obtaining the item in the wait option. However, if only a proxy for the probability of availability is provided, 26% of subjects underestimate the risk. Such bargain-hunting behavior can hinder efficiency of price discrimination and adversely impact retailers' revenue. The impact can be mitigated by providing consumers with the future item availability information. We estimate the benefit of such efforts to be approximately 2.6% of revenue.
Missed Officer–Probationer Contacts and Its Influence on Rearrest:

Probation supervision is marked by the dual roles of surveillance and casework. A key feature of supervision that aligns with the goals of community safety through surveillance is the use of office...
Transformative Mixed Methods: A Missed Opportunity

In this chapter, we argue that our current sociopolitical context, rife with partisan ideology and ‘post-truth’ discourse, is fertile ground for transformative mixed methods in education research. We draw on a specific example of an application for grant funds to study school discipline policy and practice in Alabama; we unpack reviewers’ responses to the application to highlight the ways that a transformative mode of inquiry not only reconciles tension in method, and the paradigmatic foundations thereof, but positions researchers to engage in work that is situated in sociopolitical commitments toward justice and equity. Moreover, we underscore the ways in which a rejection of findings supported by both narrative and numeric data must prompt critics to acknowledge that their opposition is rooted in ideology rather than onto-epistemology and methodology.