cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress aging of Al-Cu alloys: computer modeling

Abstract Stress aging of Al–Cu alloys was modeled to demonstrate the stress orienting effect of the θ ″/ θ ′-precipitate structures. The precipitation sequence of the Guinier–Preston (GP) zones → θ ″→ θ ′ phases was treated as a continuous evolution—the parameters, such as lattice misfits, of the second-phase particles change depending on their sizes. Numerical simulations were conducted using a concomitant precipitation model that incorporates interaction energy between the external stress and the strain fields due to the lattice misfits of the second phases. The simulations reproduced most of the main features of the effects that were observed in experimental measurements (A. W. Zhu and E. A. Starke Jr, Acta mater ., 2001, 49 (12), 2285–2295).
The COP9 signalosome regulates cell proliferation of Dictyostelium discoideum

Regulated protein destruction involving SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box, E3 ubiquitin ligase) complexes is required for multicellular development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Dynamic modification of cullin by nedd8 is required for the proper action of SCF. The COP9 signalosome (CSN), first identified in a signaling pathway for light response in plants, functions as a large multi-protein complex that regulates cullin neddylation in eukaryotes. Still, there is extreme sequence divergence of CSN subunits of the yeasts in comparison to the multicellular plants and animals. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified the CSN5 subunit as a potential interacting partner of a cell surface receptor of Dictyostelium. We further identified and characterized all 8 CSN subunits in Dictyostelium discoideum. Remarkably, despite the ancient origin of Dictyostelium, its CSN proteins cluster very closely with their plant and animal counterparts. We additionally show that the Dictyostelium subunits, like those of other systems are capable of multi-protein interactions within the CSN complex. Our data also indicate that CSN5 (and CSN2) are essential for cell proliferation in Dictyostelium, a phenotype similar to that of multicellular organisms, but distinct from that of the yeasts. Finally, we speculate on a potential role of CSN in cullin function and regulated protein destruction during multicellular development of Dictyostelium.
Simultaneous processing of substrate-dependent monolayer cultures for scanning and transmission electron microscopy

A reliable method is described for processing substrate-dependent cells raised on culture-grade plastic for both scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This technique allows collection of specimens for TEM and SEM from the same culture dish or flask. In this way it is possible to study the surface morphology (SEM) and thin section ultrastructure of cells from contiguous regions of a culture. Specific regions of a culture can be selected and processed so that specimens retain orientation throughout mounting or embedment and sectioning. The method is applicable both to confluent cultures as well as isolated colonies.
Aminozuckersynthesen, XVII1). D‐Rhamnosamin und 2.6‐Diamino‐2.6‐didesoxy‐D‐mannose aus N‐Acetyl‐D‐mannosamin

Die Glykosidierung von N-Acetyl-D-mannosamin mit Athanol durch azeotrope Destillation mit Kationenaustauscher liefert ein Gemisch der Glykoside, in dem das α-Pyranosid uberwiegt. Kristalline Derivate erhalt man nach Tritylierung oder Tosylierung in 6-Stellung. Synthesen des D-Rhamnosamins und der 2.6-Diamino-2.6-didesoxy-D-mannose uber die 6-Jod- bzw. die 6-Azid-Verbindung werden beschrieben.
Anisotropic speed of light and four-dimensional symmetry of physical laws

Abstract We demonstrate that Earth's west-east motion will not be detected by a recently proposed laser experiment. Within the four-dimensional symmetry framework, there is anisotropy of the one-way speed of light when one uses clock systems which differ from the relativistic clock systems; however, the two-way speed of light is still isotropic.
Experiences of a US-India Team in Developing a Case Study That Illustrates Technical and Global Issues in Weld Design

Understanding the real-world issues in the global industry is one of the ways of enhancing the learning experience of engineering students. This paper describes such an experience. This was a collaborative weld design project between Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras, India and Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Tiruchirappalli, India. The main problems BHEL faced were (1) Inspection time of the welds, (2) Inaccessibility of the welds, and (3) Detection of kissing bond or pasty weld. Three possible solutions to these problems were identified by the practitioners. In order to bring this real-world issue into engineering classrooms, the authors developed a case study. The authors also developed a multimedia CD-ROM which brings the problem live into class rooms using video, audio and pictures. This case study has been tested with mechanical engineering students. The majority of the students found the use of case studies to be beneficial, particularly because of the group work and applicability to real life situations. The details of the case study and its implementation in an engineering class room at Auburn University are discussed in the paper.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Introduction to the Special Section: Economics of Electronic Commerce

(2010). Introduction to the Special Section: Economics of Electronic Commerce. International Journal of Electronic Commerce: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 75-78.
Low-energy excitations and Fermi surface topology of parent cobaltate superconductor

The essential framework for cuprate superconductivity is that of a spin-1/2 electron system in the vicinity of a half filled (Mott limit) lattice. Of all oxide superconductors, this framework is most closely matched in the sodium doped cobalt oxides except that it is realized on a triangular lattice. We employ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study the quasiparticle dynamics of the parent cobaltate superconductor. Results reveal a single hole-like Fermi surface generated by the crossing of heavy (∼15 m e ∼ 3m LDA ) quasiparticles with a negative effective hopping (t eff < 0). The observed ground state as given by the topology of the Fermi surface is found be very close to a collective charge instability with √3 x √3 symmetry. The measured electron dynamic parameters reveal the unusual character of the parent cobaltate class likely due to small and almost isotropic Fermi velocity (υ F (k) ∼ 0.4 ±0.1 eV A) observed. ARPES data is consistent with bulk thermodynamic specific heat and quantum oscillation measurements.
Thermodynamic Properties and Ideal-Gas Enthalpies of Formation for Butyl Vinyl Ether, 1,2-Dimethoxyethane, Methyl Glycolate, Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-Vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, trans-Azobenzene, Butyl Acrylate, Di-tert-butyl Ether, and Hexane-1,6-diol

Ideal-gas enthalpies of formation of butyl vinyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methyl glycolate, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, trans-azobenzene, butyl acrylate, di-tert-butyl ether, and hexane-1,6-diol are reported. Enthalpies of fusion were determined for bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and trans-azobenzene. Two-phase (solid + vapor) or (liquid + vapor) heat capacities were determined from 300 K to the critical region or earlier decomposition temperature for each compound studied. Liquid-phase densities along the saturation line were measured for bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. For butyl vinyl ether and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, critical temperatures and critical densities were determined from the dsc results and corresponding critical pressures derived from the fitting procedures. Fitting procedures were used to derive critical temperatures, critical pressures, and critical densities for bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, trans-azobenzene, butyl acrylate, and di-tert-but...
Broadband networks for interactive telemedical applications

Using off-the-shelf hardware components and a specially developed high-end software communication system (WinVicos) satellite networks for interactive telemedicine have been designed and developed. These networks allow for various telemedical applications, like intraoperative teleconsultation, second opinioning, teleteaching, telementoring, etc.. Based on the successful GALENOS network, several projects are currently being realized: MEDASHIP (Medical Assistance for Ships); DELTASS (Disaster Emergency Logistic Telemedicine Advanced Satellites Systems) and EMISPHER (Euro-Mediterranean Internet-Satellite Platform for Health, medical Education and Research).© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
NbN/MgO/NbN SIS tunnel junctions for submm wave mixers

The authors report on the fabrication and testing of all-refractory NbN/MgO/NbN SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) tunnel junctions for use as high-frequency mixers. Progress in the development of techniques for the fabrication of submicron-area tunnel junctions is described. Junction structures which have been investigated include mesa, crossline, and edge geometries. Using reactive sputtering techniques, NbN tunnel junctions with critical currents in excess of 10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ have been fabricated with V/sub m/ values as high as 65 mV and areas down to 0.1 mu m/sup 2/. Specific capacitance measurements on NbN/MgO/NbN mesa-type tunnel junctions give values in the range 60-90 fF/ mu m/sup 2/. These SIS tunnel junctions have been integrated with antennas and coupling structures for mixer tests in a waveguide receiver at 207 GHz. Preliminary mixer results are reported. >
Sustaining Trust Within Family Businesses

Trust, a competitive advantage for family businesses in the early stages, often deteriorates as the firm grows, putting it under considerable risk. While sustaining trust within family businesses is a critical topic, we have limited understanding of this issue. Yet, the trust research within the organizational sciences provides considerable insight on this topic. Therefore, in this paper a model of sustaining trust is presented based on an integration of this trust literature with the family business literature. The basic premise of the model is that trust is dynamic and multiple dimensions of trust need to be developed through structures and processes to sustain interpersonal trust inherent in the early stages. Implications of the model and future research directions are outlined.
Mass transfer of volatile organic compounds from drinking water to indoor air : The role of residential dishwashers

Contaminated tap water may be a source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residential indoor air. To better understand the extent and impact of chemical emissions from this source, a two-phase mass balance model was developed based on mass transfer kinetics between each phase. Twenty-nine experiments were completed using a residential dishwasher to determine model parameters. During each experiment, inflow water was spiked with a cocktail of chemical tracers with a wide range of physicochemical properties. In each case, the effects of water temperature, detergent, and dish-loading pattern on chemical stripping efficiencies and mass transfer coefficients were determined. Dishwasher headspace ventilation rates were also measured using an isobutylene tracer gas. Chemical stripping efficiencies for a single cycle ranged from 18% to 55% for acetone, from 96% to 98% for toluene, and from 97% to 98% for ethylbenzene and were consistently 100% for cyclohexane. Experimental results indicate that dishwashers have a relatively low but continuous ventilation rate that results in significant chemical storage within the headspace of the dishwasher. In conjunction with relatively high mass transfer coefficients, low ventilation rates generally lead to emissions that are limited by equilibrium conditions after approximately 1--2 min of dishwasher operation.
Intermediate-dose methotrexate in the treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia: lack of benefit during maintenance therapy following intensive induction therapy.

One hundred and fifty-one children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) received multiple agent induction chemotherapy followed by intensive phase treatment. One hundred and thirty-seven patients were randomised for the first year of maintenance treatment to receive reinforcement therapy (pulses) with either intermediate-dose methotrexate (ID-MTX) and prednisone (PRED) or vincristine (VCR) and PRED. The probablity of continuous complete remission (CCR) at 5.5 years is 0.80 for the ID-MTX group and 0.84 for the VCR group. Extramedullary relapses were not prevented either in the ID-MTX group nor in the VCR group. Since in previous studies VCR/PRED pulses did not increase CCR rates when given after intensive combination chemotherapy, it can be concluded from this study that neither did ID-MTX reinforcement therapy further improve treatment results in our patients with ALL when given after aggressive chemotherapy.
Afferents to the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei in pigeon (Columba livia L.): Central connections of jaw motoneurons

Trigeminal and facial motor nuclei innervating the pigeon's jaw muscles were identified using a combination of microstimulation and EMG recording and HRP injections were made iontophoretically. The trigeminal motor nucleus receives an ipsilateral projection from sensory neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus which forms the afferent limb of the monosynaptic stretch reflex of the jaw-closers. Both the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei receive bilateral projections from interneurons in the intertrigeminal area and the lateral (parvocellular) reticular formation of the pons and medulla. These neurons serve as premotor elements in the control of jaw movements, mediating ascending, descending and internuclear connections. The similarity of inputs to the trigeminal and facial nuclei may reflect their common function as jaw motoneurons in this species.
Refinements of Nash Equilibrium: A critique

Rational play of Noncooperative Games is investigated under the assumptions that a particular form of Best Reply Principle holds, each player has at least one rational strategy and all strategies are either rational or irrational. These assumptions are shown to imply that (a) some weakly dominated strategies are rational (b) recursive reasoning can be misleading (c) only a Strict Nash Equilibrium can be a solution. A Supplementary Best Reply Principle is formulated. It sheds further light on which games have solutions and on rational play in games without them. The relationship between these results and those of other authors is discussed.
Immobilization of Biomolecules and Cells on and within Polymeric Biomaterials

Polymeric biomaterials are very diverse in their compositions and physical properties. They are readily fabricated in a wide variety of forms for many different applications, including components of medical implants and devices. They are also useful in bioprocesses and biotechnology. Polymers are especially interesting as biomaterials because they can be combined physically and chemically with biomolecules (or cells) to yield biologically functional systems. Biomolecules such as enzymes, antibodies, or drugs, as well as (living) cells, have been immobilized on or within polymeric systems for a wide range of therapeutic, diagnostic, and bioprocess applications. The principles of such biofunctional polymer systems, plus selected examples, are included in this article.
On rotationally symmetric flow above an infinite rotating disk

The similarity equations for rotationally symmetric flow above an infinite counter–rotating disk are investigated both numerically and analytically. Numerical solutions are found when α, the ratio of the disk's angular speed to that of the rigidly rotating fluid far from it, is greater than −0.68795. It is deduced that there exists a critical value αcr, of α above which finite solutions are possible. The value of α and the limiting structure as α → αcr are found using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The flow structure is found to consist of a thin viscous wall region above which lies a thick inviscid layer and yet another viscous transition layer. Furthermore, this structure is not unique: there can be any number of thick inviscid layers, each separated from the next by a viscous transition layer, before the outer boundary conditions on the solution are satisfied. However, comparison with the numerical solutions indicates that a single inviscid layer is preferred.
Frequency domain PMD monitoring and compensation in high-speed coherent systems with digital signal processing

We proposed a PMD monitoring/compensation method in frequency domain for coherent system. With 15 ps of average DGD, the PMD induced penalty for 100-Gbit/s QPSK system is reduced by 9 dB at symbol-error-ratio of 10−3.
A Social Systems Approach to Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry

Consultation-liaison psychiatry traditionally has emphasized an approach to clinical practice based upon an understanding of the ways in which intrapsychic dynamics, personality characteristics and biological phenomena interact in a process that can be understood to relate to symptoms and disease in the individual. More recently the field has considered the interaction of interpersonal and group phenomena with individual characteristics and their influence upon patient pathology. Currently, however, there is limited understanding of the significance of organizational variables for the work of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist. In this paper, several organizational themes are discussed in terms of social systems theory and the relevance of these themes are applied to case material taken from a year's experience of consultation-liaison in a hemodialysis unit of a general hospital (HUGH).
Balancing the hidden and exposed node problems with power control in CSMA/CA-based wireless networks

Media access control (MAC) mechanism design is a key problem in wireless networking. One problem is hidden nodes, which are allowed to transmit, but which interfere with a receiver causing a collision. Another problem is exposed nodes, which are not allowed to transmit although they would not interfere, thus limiting spatial reuse. MAC designs, like IEEE 802.11, try to solve both of these problems, but are not wholly successful. Other MAC designs attempt to control the transmit power, both to lower power use and to minimize exposed nodes. This results in a worsened hidden node problem. We present a power control MAC that balances the hidden and exposed node problem. The idea is to use no more power than is needed to eliminate the hidden nodes, thus limiting the exposed nodes. We present simulation results that show our design outperforms both 802.11 and previous power control MACs.
DIMENSIONS OF DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR.

(1963). Dimensions of Delinquent Behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 273-277.
Association of spontaneous fetal heart rate decelerations during antepartum nonstress testing and intrauterine growth retardation

Two hundred one patients with high-risk pregnancy and 66 patients with term uncomplicated pregnancy underwent a nonstress test 7 days or less prior to delivery. The incidence of spontaneous fetal heart rate decelerations in the high-risk group was 5.5%. None of the fetuses in the normal group showed this finding. Among those infants presenting with spontaneous decelerations, there was an 18.2% mortality. Disturbances of intrauterine growth were found in 63.6% of cases. The possible metabolic mechanisms and clinical implications underlying this finding are discussed.
You've got to tell me what's right

Sometimes it is a demand from a student, not a request or a question, that forces the teacher to think about her most fundamental purposes and make controverisal decisions that she hopes will benefit that student.
Theoretical study of a potential ultraviolet avalanching detector based on impact ionization out of confined quantum states

A detailed analysis is given of a possible new ultraviolet photodetector based on impact ionization out of confined quantum states using a GaN-Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N multiple quantum well array. The GaN-AlGaN materials system is continuously gradable in composition and has a large conduction-band-edge discontinuity, which makes it an attractive candidate for asymmetric confined quantum state photomultipliers. The impact-excitation rate is determined for various device geometries and doping concentrations. As the carrier concentration increases in a quantum confined structure. the excitation probability increases. The ionization rate increase is due in part to the increase in the number of carriers within the high-energy subbands of the well with the resulting reduction of the carrier ionization threshold energy. >
Brain activity associated with stimulation therapy of the visual borderzone in hemianopic stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Visual restoration therapy is a home-based treatment program intended to expand visual fields of hemianopic patients through repetitive stimulation of the borderzone adjacent to the blind field. We hypothesized that the training itself would induce visual field location-specific changes in the brain's response to stimuli, a phenomenon demonstrated in animal experiments but never in humans with brain injury. METHODS: Six chronic right hemianopic patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)--responding to stimuli in the trained visual borderzone versus the nontrained seeing field before and after 1 month of visual restoration therapy. Spatially normalized fMRI time-series data were analyzed in a fixed-effects group analysis comparing blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activity in the borderzone versus seeing location at baseline and at 1 month. Percent BOLD change was measured to determine each condition's contribution to the time-by-condition interaction. RESULTS: There was a significant time by condition interaction manifested as increased BOLD activity for borderzone detection relative to seeing detection after the first month of therapy, which correlated with a relative improvement in response times in the borderzone location out-of-scanner. The right inferior and lateral temporal, right dorsolateral frontal, bilateral anterior cingulate, and bilateral basal ganglia showed the greatest response. CONCLUSION: Visual restoration therapy appears to induce an alteration in brain activity associated with a shift of attention from the nontrained seeing field to the trained borderzone. The effect appears to be mediated by the anterior cingulate and dorsolateral frontal cortex in conjunction with other higher order visual areas in the occipitotemporal and middle temporal regions. Demonstration of a visual field-specific training effect on brain activity provides an important starting point for understanding the potential for visual therapy in hemianopia.
An Experimental Evaluation of Popular Image Parameters for Monochromatic Solar Image Categorization

In this work, we perform experimental evaluation of different image parameters, from the perspective of large scale content based discovery of solar phenomena in NASA images. Many of the recently published papers, often from different areas of application (e.g. medical, military images), describe different parameters for image recognition and state high quality of the generated results. Overwhelmed with the number of proposed image parameters, and concerned with their practical applicability to large scale solar data analysis, we decided to perform our own comparative analysis of these parameters. Because of the lack of broadly accepted Solar Images benchmark data sets, in this paper we introduce our own benchmark created using solar images registered during the TRACE mission. Using the first solar domain specific benchmark data set that contains multiple types of phenomena, we investigate the correlation of different image parameters and their importance from the perspective of distinguishing between different types of solar phenomena. In this paper, we present recommendations on the image parameters that perform adequately for the solar data.
Cross-country Convergence of Financial Reforms

Financial liberalization indicators are tested for sigma convergence and divergence. Sigma convergence requires a significant reduction in the dispersion across nations over time whereas sigma divergence entails a significant increase in dispersion. Using the standard deviation and a linear trend, sigma divergence is supported for an index of capital accounts openness, but sigma convergence is supported for an index of domestic financial sector liberalization. Using instead the coefficient of variation, which accounts for the upward trend in each of the measures, strong evidence is found in support of sigma convergence for both measures. This latter result holds for both advanced and developing nations.
Navy defines areas under sonar ban

The Oceanographer of the U.S. Navy has announced that high-resolution bathymetric data for areas around Trident nuclear submarine bases in Georgia and Washington state will still be restricted. The rest of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone will continue to be open to detailed sonar surveys, the result of a reversal in March of the Navy's policy of classifying data from the 320-km-wide zone (see Eos, 69, 571, 1988). The restriction on access to bathymetry of the special areas does not come as a surprise. The present Navy Oceanographer, Rear Admiral William Pittenger, said in a March 23 letter to then-NOAA Administrator William Evans that broad areas around the egress routes would remain under the restriction.
Polycomb Group Protein Enhancer of Zeste 2 Is an Oncogene That Promotes the Neoplastic Transformation of a Benign Prostatic Epithelial Cell Line

Polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) is a master regulatory protein that plays a critical role in development as part of the polycomb repressive complex 2. Polycomb repressive complex 2 controls numerous cell cycle and regulatory genes through trimethylation of histone 3, which results in chromatin condensation and transcriptional silencing. EZH2 overexpression has been correlated with high incidence of more aggressive, metastatic prostate cancers. Although this correlation means EZH2 could prove valuable as a biomarker in clinical settings, the question remains whether EZH2 is actually responsible for the initiation of these more aggressive tumor types. In this study, EZH2-mediated neoplastic transformation of the normal prostate epithelial cell line benign prostate hyperplasia 1 (BPH1) was confirmed by in vivo tumor growth and in vitro colony formation. Furthermore, EZH2 transformation resulted in increased invasive behavior of BPH1 cells, indicating that EZH2 may be responsible for aggressive behavior in prostate cancers. BPH1 was also transformed with the classic oncogenes myristoylated Akt and activated Ras(V12) to allow phenotype comparisons with the EZH2-transformed cells. This study marks the first demonstration of neoplastic transformation in prostate cells mediated by EZH2 and establishes that EZH2 possesses stronger transforming activity than Akt but weaker activity than activated Ras.
What Contributes to Perceived Stress in Later Life? A Recursive Partitioning Approach

One possible explanation for the individual differences in outcomes of stress is the diversity of inputs that produce perceptions of being stressed. The current study examines how combinations of contextual features (e.g., social isolation, neighborhood quality, health problems, age discrimination, financial concerns, and recent life events) of later life contribute to overall feelings of stress. Recursive partitioning techniques (regression trees and random forests) were used to examine unique interrelations between predictors of perceived stress in a sample of 282 community-dwelling adults. Trees provided possible examples of equifinality (i.e., subsets of people with similar levels of perceived stress but different predictors) as well as for the identification both of contextual combinations that separated participants with very high and very low perceived stress. Random forest analyses aggregated across many trees based on permuted versions of the data and predictors; loneliness, financial strain, neighborhood strain, ageism, and to some extent life events emerged as important predictors. Interviews with a subsample of participants provided both thick description of the complex relationships identified in the trees, as well as additional risks not appearing in the survey results. Together, the analyses highlight what may be missed when stress is used as a simple unidimensional construct and can guide differential intervention efforts.
MicroRNA in ovarian function

The mammalian ovary is a dynamic organ. The coordination of follicle recruitment, selection, and ovulation and the timely development and regression of the corpus luteum are essential for a functional ovary and fertility. Deregulation of any of these processes results in ovarian dysfunction and potential infertility. MicroRNA (miRNA) are short noncoding RNA that regulate developmental processes and time-sensitive functions. The expression of miRNA in the ovary varies with cell type, function, and stage of the estrous cycle. miRNA are involved in the formation of primordial follicles, follicular recruitment and selection, follicular atresia, oocyte-cumulus cell interaction, granulosal cell function, and luteinization. miRNA are differentially expressed in luteal cells at the various stages of the estrous cycle and during maternal recognition of pregnancy, suggesting a role in luteal development, maintenance, and regression. An understanding of the patterns of expression and functions of miRNA in the ovary will lead to novel therapeutics to treat ovarian dysfunction and improve fertility and, potentially, to the development of better contraceptives.
Abnormal Lung Patterns

As mentioned in the normal CXR section, the only structures visible in normal lungs are the fissures and pulmonary vessels. Any other structures visible are likely abnormalities. This section breaks down lung parenchymal abnormalities into five basic patterns that have been previously described, and taught in the National Capital Area residencies for years.
Maintaining K+ balance on the low-Na+, high-K+ diet

A low-Na+, high-K+ diet (LNaHK) is considered a healthier alternative to the “Western” high-Na+ diet. Because the mechanism for K+ secretion involves Na+ reabsorptive exchange for secreted K+ in the distal nephron, it is not understood how K+ is eliminated with such low Na+ intake. Animals on a LNaHK diet produce an alkaline load, high urinary flows, and markedly elevated plasma ANG II and aldosterone levels to maintain their K+ balance. Recent studies have revealed a potential mechanism involving the actions of alkalosis, urinary flow, elevated ANG II, and aldosterone on two types of K+ channels, renal outer medullary K+ and large-conductance K+ channels, located in principal and intercalated cells. Here, we review these recent advances.
Effectiveness comparison of cardio-selective to non-selective β-blockers and their association with mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease: a retrospective cohort study

Within-class comparative effectiveness studies of β-blockers have not been performed in the chronic dialysis setting. With widespread cardiac disease in these patients and potential mechanistic differences within the class, we examined whether mortality and morbidity outcomes varied between cardio-selective and non-selective β-blockers. Retrospective observational study of within class β-blocker exposure among a national cohort of new chronic dialysis patients (N = 52,922) with hypertension and dual eligibility (Medicare-Medicaid). New β-blocker users were classified according to their exclusive use of one of the subclasses. Outcomes were all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (CVMM). The associations of cardio-selective and non-selective agents on outcomes were adjusted for baseline characteristics using Cox proportional hazards. There were 4938 new β-blocker users included in the ACM model and 4537 in the CVMM model: 77 % on cardio-selective β-blockers. Exposure to cardio-selective and non-selective agents during the follow-up period was comparable, as measured by proportion of days covered (0.56 vs. 0.53 in the ACM model; 0.56 vs 0.54 in the CVMM model). Use of cardio-selective β-blockers was associated with lower risk for mortality (AHR = 0.84; 99 % CI = 0.72–0.97, p = 0.0026) and lower risk for CVMM events (AHR = 0.86; 99 % CI = 0.75–0.99, p = 0.0042). Among new β-blockers users on chronic dialysis, cardio-selective agents were associated with a statistically significant 16 % reduction in mortality and 14 % in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality relative to non-selective β-blocker users. A randomized clinical trial would be appropriate to more definitively answer whether cardio-selective β-blockers are superior to non-selective β-blockers in the setting of chronic dialysis.
Inherited Sterility Among Progeny of Cabbage Loopers Treated with Tretamine

Treatment of male Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (P1 generation) with tretamine caused partial to complete sterilization of the treated moths. Their progeny (F1 generation) exhibited various degrees of sterility which depended on the dose applied to the P1 male and the sex of the F1 moth. Sterility among F1 males did not exceed 80% and dropped to only 38% at the highest dose tested. The ratio of F1 male sterility to F1 female sterility was 2:1.
The End of Political Economy

The world-wide crisis of capitalism which has been gaining momentum since the early 1970’s has simultaneously elevated Marxism to a new status. The collapse of both neo-Marxist and Keynesian certainties that late capitalism possessed an almost infinite capacity to stave off a breakdown led social and economic theory to look once more to “classical” Marxist explanations of the crisis. Within academic circles there is no question that Marxist political economy, although by no means hegemonic, gains new adherents with each passing leading indicator showing a more or less chronic tendency in the western countries towards stagnation if not complete reversal of the almost thirty years of uninterrupted growth in most capitalist nations.
Clinical value of pathogenic microorganism of diarrhea

Objective To discuss germ's types,features and epidemics of diarrhea disease.Methods Various pathogenic bacteria including lapactic Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Shigella,campylobacter jejuni and Vibrio cholera,were isolated and identified from diarrhea stool samples through enrich culture,separate culture,biochemistry,serology,etc.The pathogenic virus such as rotavirus,Norwalk virus,enteral adenovirus and astovirus were tested with fluorescence PCR.Results In 2 627 samples,257 pathogenic bacteria were detected,in which there were 142(55.3%)strains of lapactic Escherichia coli,97(37.7%) strains of Vibrio parahemolyticus,17(6.7%) strains of Salmonella,1 strain of Shigella,and 0 strain of Campylobacter jejuni and Vibrio cholera.Five samples were detected two disease germs simultaneously.In 668 diarrhea stool samples without disease germs,274 samples were detected disease viruse,in which there were 77 samples of rotavirus,180 samples of Norwalk virus,2 samples of adenovirus,and 17 samples of astrovirus.Four samples were detected rotavirus and Norwalk virus simultaneously.Conclusion The pathogenic microorganism types of diarrhea are various and complex.The detectable rates of lapactic Escherichia coli and Norwalk virus are very high.It plays an important role to detect diarrhea pathogenic microorganism in the diagnosis and therapy.
Secondary Productivity and Biodiversity of Macro-benthos in Xiangshan Bay

Two surveys of macro-benthos on Xiangshan Bay were carried out on August and December 2001.There are 43 species mainly belonging to 4 groups in total 8 monitoring points,including 12 species of polychaetes(28%),16 species of mollusks(37%),6 species of Crustacea(14%),5 species of Echinodermata(12%).The dominant species include Sternaspis scutata Ranzani、Nassarius siquijorensis A.Adams and Amphiura vadicola Matsumoto.The Shannon-Wiener and Pielou index of biodiversity is low and community structure of macro-benthos is not stable which may be caused by more and more pollution,scale enlarging and density increase of marine aquaculture.The average secondary productivity of Xiangshan Bay is 4.32 g(AFDW)/(m2?a),the lowest value is 0.99 g(AFDW)/(m2?a) in the mouth of the bay and the highest value is 7.02 g(AFDW)/(m2?a) in the bottom of the Bay.The average P/B ratio of macro benthos is 2 in Xiangshan bay.
Dialog Act Tagging with Support Vector Machines and Hidden Markov Models

We use a combination of linear support vector machines and hidden markov models for dialog act tagging in the HCRC MapTask corpus, and obtain better results than those previously reported. Support vector machines allow easy integration of sparse highdimensional text features and dense low-dimensional acoustic features, and produce posterior probabilities usable by sequence labelling algorithms. The relative contribution of text and acoustic features for each class of dialog act is analyzed. Index Terms: dialog acts, discourse, support vector machines, classification probabilities, Viterbi algorithm.
Hospital pharmacy employment considerations for the chemically dependent health-care professional

Experiences and decisions of a pharmacy services management team involving two chemically dependent individuals, one an existing pharmacist employee and the other a pharmacist applicant, are described. Because our standing on chemical dependency was to rehabilitate rather than terminate, we chose to develop a systematic approach to dealing with this problem in our employees. In the case of the existing pharmacist employee, we decided to initiate rehabilitation by intervention, a process that involved direct confrontation of the individual by his spouse and mother, immediate supervisor, a certified alcohol and drug abuse counselor, and a representative from the hospital's employee assistance program. The employee was treated by psychological/behavioral therapy on an inpatient basis. After discharge, the employee returned to work under specific terms outlined in a return-to-work contract covering the first 24 months; support structures at the workplace to guard against relapse were also instituted. Factors that might precipitate relapse were identified, and a policy for dealing with relapsing employees was developed. The pharmacist applicant was assessed like any other applicant, but a few other factors relevant to her recovering status, such as the length of continuous abstinence she had attained, were considered. An employment contract resembling the return-to-work contract also was developed. Experience with the chemically dependent employee led to the creation of a model for dealing effectively and fairly with employees afflicted with the disease of chemical dependency. We continue to support our institutional decision to rehabilitate and not terminate such employees.
The Diversity of Rare-Earth Mineral Deposits and their Geological Domains

Concentrations of rare-earth (RE) minerals are represented by an unusually great diversity of geological types of deposits, particularly when compared to the variety of deposits of such elements as, for example, Pb, Zn and Cu. In part this diversity stems from the fact that RE elements not only form their own minerals in various groups (oxides, multiple oxides, fluorides, carbonates, phosphates, silicates) but also appear widespread vicariously in numerous minerals of many other elements (oxides, multiple oxides, fluorides, silicates).
Lipid-Mediated Cell Surface Engineering

Cell membranes provide not only a physical barrier between the extracellular and intracellular space, but they also contain many proteins, which serve as mediators of inside-out and outside-in signals essential for cell survival and functions. Therefore, these cell surfaces can be engineered to manipulate cellular functions. Lipid-mediated protein transfer allows for decoration of the cell surface by exogenous incorporation of proteins that are modified with hydrophobic tails into lipid bilayers. Protein transfer allows for controllable expression of functional protein on the periphery of cells in an easy, time-efficient manner, and can be performed in either a direct one-step incorporation method or an indirect two-step incorporation method. This technology has led to breakthroughs in designing tumor vaccines, targeted-drug delivery, enhancing function of killer immune cells, and engineering antigen-presenting cells.
Abstract 2309: T-cell development from T cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cell

The ability to differentiate T cells of defined specificity and function from T-cell derived induced pluripotent stem cells (TiPSC) may be useful for the treatment of a range of pathologies, including cancer, infection and immune deficits. We recently reported that genetic engineering of TiPSC to express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) is an effective strategy to combine the unlimited availability of TiPSC and facilitate reprogramming of the T cell specificity and functional potential. In vivo, CD19-retargeted human TiPS-derived CAR T cells (CARTiPSC-T) display therapeutic potency in a lymphoma model. Surprisingly, despite expression of the endogenous αβ TCR, the CARTiPSC-T cells possessed innate-like phenotype and function, most similar to γδ T cells. Although innate T cells have anti-tumor activity, they lack some vital features for therapeutic efficacy including long-term memory and in vivo persistence, which characterize mature CD8+ and CD4+ αβ TCR T cells. Additional research into the mechanisms underlying in vitro T cell differentiation of TiPSC is required to improve the development of mature TCRαβ T cells and facilitate the employment of their therapeutic potential. T cell lineage determination depends in part on the balance between Notch and TCR signaling, we are investigating their respective roles, as well as that of the CAR, in determining lineage commitment. We hypothesize that the combined CAR and early CD3/TCRαβ expression disrupts the TCR/Notch signaling balance, prohibiting mature TCRαβ T cell development. To study the effects of the different Notch ligands, TiPSC were differentiated on OP9 cells expressing one of four Notch ligands (DLL1, DLL4, Jagged-1 or Jagged-2). Preliminary data suggests that DLL4 is able to facilitate T cell development to CD4/CD8 double positive (DP) stage, however, this is hindered by CAR expression. To determine the role of early TCRαβ expression, elimination of TCRαβ expression was facilitated by targeted disruption of the TCRα constant region using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Elimination of early TCRαβ expression showed improved development towards DP stage of TiPSC on OP9-DLL1. TiPSC are a valuable system for the study of human T cell differentiation. In addition, and most importantly they are further amenable to genetic engineering with TCRs or CARs, which may be useful for the generation of therapeutic “off-the-shelf”, antigen-specific T cells. Citation Format: Sjoukje J.C. van der Stegen, Maria Themeli, Justin Eyquem, Jorge Mansilla-Soto, Michel Sadelain. T-cell development from T cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cell. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2309.
Identifying and Designing of Calcium Binding Sites in Proteins by Computational Algorithm

Our studies for the identification of the natural calcium binding sites with both classic and pseudo EF-hand motifs in three EF-hand proteins have shown that natural calcium binding sites can be accurately relocated with Dezymer using a set of geometric descriptions of an ideal pentagonal bipyramid. The success of each constructed site can be ranked by the relative U(p) values. The searched native-like sites in three EF-hand proteins have the smallest deviation from the target geometry. Our work indicates that a useful method for searching calcium-binding sites in proteins has been established. It is possible to use established parameters to design novel calcium binding proteins.
Lower circulating insulin-like growth factor-I is associated with better cognition in females with exceptional longevity without compromise to muscle mass and function

Mutations that reduce somatotropic signaling result in improved lifespan and health-span in model organisms and humans. However, whether reduced circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) level is detrimental to cognitive and muscle function in older adults remains understudied. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in Ashkenazi Jews with exceptional longevity (age ≥95 years). Cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination and muscle function with the chair rise test, grip-strength, and gait speed. Muscle mass was estimated using the skeletal muscle index. Serum IGF-I was measured with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. In gender stratified age-adjusted logistic regression analysis, females with IGF-I levels in the first tertile had lower odds of being cognitively impaired compared to females with IGF-I levels within the upper two tertiles, OR (95% CI) 0.39 (0.19-0.82). The result remained significant after adjustment for multiple parameters. No significant association was identified in males between IGF-I and cognition. No relationship was found between IGF-I tertiles and muscle function and muscle mass in females or males. Lower circulating IGF-I is associated with better cognitive function in females with exceptional longevity, with no detriment to skeletal muscle mass and function.
Strategies to address the conservation threats posed by hybridization and genetic introgression

Hybridization poses a complex problem for biodiversity conservation but there has been little discussion of strategies and guidelines designed to address it from a management perspective. In this article I review management approaches aimed at addressing hybridization while highlighting outstanding needs. Despite real-world efforts to manage systems in which hybridization is a concern, there has been little effort to develop broadly applicable guidelines or best management practices. Management programs would be enhanced by the characterization of the patterns and processes of hybridization in nature and integrating those into planning and policy. Doing so facilitates the development of holistic strategies that balance the importance of hybridization in many biological systems while addressing situations in which human-facilitated gene flow causes concern. The shift from reactive management to emphasizing measures designed to prevent hybridization from becoming a threat has been a positive development. Examples include assessing the genetic characteristics of populations used in translocation programs. Overlooked, however, has been the management of stable hybrid systems in which the goal is not necessarily preventing intermixing but protecting stabilizing mechanisms through policy and land use management. When hybridization emerges as a legitimate threat, activities such as culling, spatial isolation, targeted harvest, and de-introgression can protect threatened genomic units. Further experimentation of these techniques and collaboration among scientists and managers will provide lessons for establishing general guidelines for the conservation community. I hope this review stimulates discussion about approaches useful for addressing hybridization and promotes further development of new techniques and frameworks.
Development of the power dense induction motor

This paper focuses on the development, features, and applications of the unique power dense motors. The content is presented as a case study under the following headings: a) the "need for speed"-electric formula racing; b) principles of the power dense induction motor; principles of the power dense cooling system; and applications of the power dense motor