cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schistosoma mansoni: Agglutination of sporocysts, and formation of gels on miracidia transforming in plasma of Biomphalaria glabrata

Cellular interactions, leading to cell-mediated cytotoxicity when Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes encapsulate Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts, have been investigated. Rabbit antibodies (IgG), when bound to antigens on sporocyst surfaces, prevent the normal cytoadherence (CA) of hemocytes from both susceptible and resistant host snails. Since interference with CA occurs with even fixed sporocysts, the effect is not due to IgG stimulated modulation of the parasite surface. Using two antisera with some overlapping specificities, and quantitative immunofluorescent antibody technique (QIFAT), we determined the concentrations of IgG needed to place equivalent amounts of IgG on the sporocysts. At these concentrations, CA was affected differentially, implying that interference was due to the specific antigens bound, and not due simply to the presence of IgG. Also with QIFAT we determined how much F(ab')2 and IgG from anti-sporocyst serum were needed to block an equivalent amount of antigenic determinants from access by whole FITC labelled IgG. Sporocysts whose surface antigens were equally blocked were equally unadherent for hemocytes, supporting the notion that the nature of obscured antigens, and neither the Fc portion nor the larger size of intact IgG protein, was responsible for the effect on CA. These surprising results imply a role for specific antigen binding sites on snail hemocytes.
Measurement Concepts of First-And Second-Grade Students.

The purpose of this study was to identify some of the aspects of the measurement process that young children naturally attend to and those that they ignore or are unable to make use of. Specifically the study attempted to assess the degree to which young children rely on perceptual comparisons, or at least require perceptual support, for their measurement operations. Another factor that was investigated was whether measurement comparisons involving equal quantities are of the same difficulty as those involving unequal quantities. Finally, the study attempted to identify some of the misconceptions regarding the measurement process that result from these and other factors. Background This study stems from an earlier investigation (Carpenter, 1972) the results of which conflict with the conclusions of much of the literature regarding young children's conception of quantity and measurement. Piaget, Inhelder, and Szeminska (1960) have described the earliest stages in the development of conservation and measurement concepts as characterized by a complete inability to conserve or apply measurement processes and a total dependence on one-dimensional perceptual judgments. Conservation and measurement concepts develop gradually as children become increasingly less dependent on a single immediate dominant dimension.
Improvements in cloud photogrammetry using airborne, side-looking, time-lapse cameras

Abstract An airborne photographic system, in which the cameras are coupled with an inertial navigation system, was developed and used in a 1978 convective cloud study, Photogrammetric analysis from such a system is enhanced: cloud-feature positions can be determined without external references such as the earth's horizon or cloud base in the photographs, and the data reduction process can be considerably automated. This paper describes the instrumentation, the photogrammetric theory, and the procedures for obtaining cloud measurements from the photographs. An empirical error analysis based on photographs of terrestrial targets is also presented. Cloud top heights determined without any reference height in the photographs are considered to be accurate to within 440 m at a range of 60 km. The largest source of error in determining cloud top height using the 1978 measurements is the uncertainty in determining the aircraft-to-cloud distance rather than inaccuracy in the photographic system. This error can be ...
Automorphisms of the semigroup of all differentiable functions

Let R denote the space of real numbers and let D(R) denote the family of all functions mapping R into R that are (finitely) differentiable at each point of R. Since the composition f o g of two differentiable functions is also differentiable and since the composition operation is associative, it follows that D(R) is a semigroup with this operation. Such semigroups have been studied previously. Nadler, in [4], has shown that the semigroup of al differentiable functions mapping the closed unit interval into itself has no idempotent elements other than the identity function and the constant functions. The proof of that result carries over easily to the semigroup D(R).
Anti-VEGF antibody suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis in an experimental model of Wilms' tumor.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown previously to correlate with tumor growth and metastasis in an experimental model of anaplastic Wilms' tumor. The authors hypothesized that treatment with anti-VEGF antibodies would suppress both primary tumor growth and metastasis in this model. Methods: Tumors were induced in the right kidneys of nude mice by the injection of cultured Wilms' tumor cells. After 1 week, anti-VEGF treatment was begun with injection of either vehicle or an anti-VEGF antibody intraperitoneally. Mice were killed after 4.5 weeks of treatment and tumor weights and the incidence of metastases evaluated. Results: Anti-VEGF treatment resulted in a greater than 95% reduction in tumor weight ( P P Conclusion: Anti-VEGF therapy can suppress both primary tumor growth and the establishment of metastases in experimental anaplastic Wilms' tumor. J Pediatr Surg 35:30-33. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Interleukin-4 and its receptor: Essential mediators of the allergic response

Editor's Note: This is the first of a series of concise reviews intended to update clinicians on new and relevant developments in cellular and molecular immunology. They are presented by the Mechanisms of Allergy interest section of the AAAAI. The guest editorial committee is composed of David M. Essayan, MD, Baltimore, Md.; Charity C. Fox, MD, Columbus, Ohio; Francesca Levi-Schaffer, PhD, Jerusalem, Israel; and Rafeul Alam, MD, PhD, Galveston, Texas. The series is supported by a grant from Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.
A Genetic Screen for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutants Defective for Phagosome Maturation Arrest Identifies Components of the ESX-1 Secretion System

After phagocytosis, the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis arrests the progression of the nascent phagosome into a phagolysosome, allowing for replication in a compartment that resembles early endosomes. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that govern phagosome maturation arrest, we performed a visual screen on a set of M. tuberculosis mutants specifically attenuated for growth in mice to identify strains that failed to arrest phagosome maturation and trafficked to late phagosomal compartments. We identified 10 such mutants that could be partitioned into two classes based on the kinetics of trafficking. Importantly, four of these mutants harbor mutations in genes that encode components of the ESX-1 secretion system, a pathway critical for M. tuberculosis virulence. Although ESX-1 is required, the known ESX-1 secreted proteins are dispensable for phagosome maturation arrest, suggesting that a novel effector required for phagosome maturation arrest is secreted by ESX-1. Other mutants identified in this screen had mutations in genes involved in lipid synthesis and secretion and in molybdopterin biosynthesis, as well as in genes with unknown functions. Most of these trafficking mutants exhibited a corresponding growth defect during macrophage infection, but two mutants grew like wild-type M. tuberculosis during macrophage infection. Our results support the emerging consensus that multiple factors from M. tuberculosis, including the ESX-1 secretion system, are involved in modulating trafficking within the host.
Performance Study of Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas in MIMO Communication Systems

We explore the potential benefits of using pattern reconfigurable antennas in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. First, theoretical capacity increases are calculated in a typical indoor multipath environment assuming ideal, fully reconfigurable antennas and compared to cases using theoretical isotropic antennas. Next, a real reconfigurable antenna built into a multiple element antenna system for MIMO use is described and analyzed to investigate the possible effects of beam tilts on capacity. Finally, this system is used to quantify the possible capacity improvements due to both antenna diversity and antenna gain that are enabled by antenna pattern reconfigurability in a scientifically reproducible environment that includes antenna coupling.
WAVE INDUCED MOTION OF FLIP

The value of data gathered from R/P FLIP is enhanced if the motion of FLIP is described. At surface wave frequencies, FLIP's motion can be estimated from measurements of apparent acceleration and heading. This minimal set of measurements is often available in past data sets (e.g., from the Surface Wave Process Program, or SWAPP). In addition, the accelerometer data is often of superior quality, with less noise and greater dynamic range than other available data. The challenge is to partition the motion between true horizontal acceleration and tilt. For this, a quasi-linear dynamic model of FLIP's response to forcing by surface waves is developed, including added mass and drag terms. The model is refined on the basis of comparisons with more extensive motion data, gathered over a variety of wind and wave conditions: estimates of FLIP's tilt from measurements of the earth's magnetic flux vector, combined with gyro-compass heading, and horizontal velocity at 35 m estimated from surface-scanning Doppler sonars. The overall agreement between model estimates derived from accelerometer data and the others is good.
The Ghosts of Cannae: Hannibal and the Darkest Hour of the Roman Republic – By Robert L. O'Connell

Shoppers at Barnes & Noble may encounter “this brilliant, long‐overdue, and beautifully written” tome (according to the publisher's blurb) detailing Hannibal's annihilation of a Roman army at Canna...
Split-Dose Thallium-201 Quantitative Imaging for Immediate Post-Reperfusion Assessment of Intravenous Coronary Thrombolysis

Successful reopening of the acutely occluded coronary artery and viability of the reperfused myocardium was evaluated in 16 patients undergoing intravenous (IV) streptokinase therapy (SK) during evolving myocardial infarction using split-dose thallium-201 (201Tl) quantitative imaging technique. Thrombolysis was successful in 12 patients (Group I) and failed in four (Group II). A 1·5 mCi IV dose of 201Tl was given beforehand and images were obtained simultaneously with SK administration. Upon termination of SK therapy, the view with the largest initial 201Tl defect was reimaged (background image), and without change in collimator position a second IV 201Tl dose of 1·5 mCi was given and a repeat image was obtained 15 min later. The background image was subtracted by computer from the second-dose image to obtain post-SK myocardial distribution of 201Tl. In Group I patients, the quantified 201Tl defect severity decreased significantly from pre- to early post-SK (mean ± SD, 678 ± 398 to 446 ± 323, P<005) and showed a trend toward further decrease on the day-10 study (315 ± 311). In Group II patients the quantified 201Tl defect did not change significantly (P = NS)from pre- to early and 10 days post-SK (1013 ± 240, 1117 ± 332, and 972 ± 368, respectively). In 77% of patients, the early post-SK image correctly predicted the directional change that was subsequently seen on the day 10 study. In 70% of patients, early post-SK improvement in 201Tl defect was associated with subsequent normal or near-normal wall motion of the reperfused region. In conclusion, 201Tl split-dose quantitative imaging technique may be used to demonstrate successful reopening of the acutely occluded coronary artery and presence of reversibly ischaemic myocardium soon after IV streptokinase therapy.
Light slowing down in moire fiber gratings and its implications for nonlinear optics

Summary form only given. While the reflection and transmission properties of moire fiber grating (MFG) are well known, the analysis of their dispersion is more involved, since the number of coupled Bloch waves propagating in MFG is actually infinite. Here we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the detailed analysis of the dispersion in MFG, show the analogy between the MFG and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) media, and its practical applications to linear and nonlinear processes.
A Test of the apt in Pricing Canadian Stocks

The Arbitrage Pricing Theory (apt) offers a testable alternative to the mean-variance based asset pricing models whose validity and testability have been questioned in the literature. This study tests the validity of the apt using the Toronto Stock Exchange's monthly individual stock price data from January 1971 to December 1982. Results obtained support the hypothesis that the apt predicts the risk free rates, but they do not support the hypothesis that the factors are priced in the market. These findings are similar to those of studies evaluating the validity of the apt using us stock market data. Resume La theorie d'etablissement des prix par arbitrage (apt) constitute une solution de rechange verifiable aux modeles d'etablissement des prix fondes sur l'ecart moyen, dont la validite fr l'apt a l'aide des donnees mensuelles de la Bourse de Toronto sur le cours des actions de janvier 1971 a decembre 1982. Les resultats obtenus soutiennent l'hypothese selon laquelle les couts des facteurs sont etablis en Bourse. Ces conclusions sont semblables a celles des etudes qui evaluent la validite de l'apt en utilisant les donnees des bourses americaines.
READING THE ALCOHOLIC FILM: Analysis of The Country Girl

This article offers an interpretive, interactional reading of the film The Country Girl (1954). It argues that such texts serve as empirical materials for cultural studies. The beliefs and themes about alcoholism which the film represents are discussed, and it is shown how these are a product of the era in which they were created. Bateson's theory of the double bind is applied to the dyadic and triadic interactions that make up the film's text. Unraveling the double bind in the alcoholic relationship better reveals how this particular form of social relationship destructively perpetuates itself through time. Films like The Country Girl reflect society back to itself, and in so doing contribute to the popular culture's understanding of alcoholism.
Scalable Parallel I/O on a Blue Gene/Q Supercomputer Using Compression, Topology-Aware Data Aggregation, and Subfiling

In this paper, we propose an approach to improving the I/O performance of an IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputing system using a novel framework that can be integrated into high performance applications. We take advantage of the system's tremendous computing resources and high interconnection bandwidth among compute nodes to efficiently exploit I/O bandwidth. This approach focuses on lossless data compression, topology-aware data movement, and subfiling. The efficacy of this solution is demonstrated using microbenchmarks and an application-level benchmark.
Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Estrogen Neuroprotection

Mitochondria have become a primary focus in our search not only for the mechanism(s) of neuronal death but also for neuroprotective drugs and therapies that can delay or prevent Alzheimer's disease and other chronic neurodegenerative conditions. This is because mitochrondria play a central role in regulating viability and death of neurons, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to contribute to neuronal death seen in neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we review the evidence for the role of mitochondria in cell death and neurodegeneration and provide evidence that estrogens have multiple effects on mitochondria that enhance or preserve mitochondrial function during pathologic circumstances such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and others. As such, estrogens and novel non-hormonal analogs have come to figure prominently in our efforts to protect neurons against both acute brain injury and chronic neurodegeneration.
Localization of genes encoding egg modifiers of paternal genome function to mouse chromosomes one and two

It is now well established that genomic imprinting effects in mammals require a combination of epigenetic modifications imposed during gametogenesis and additional modifications imposed after fertilization. The earliest post-fertilization modifications to be imposed on the genome are those thought to be mediated by factors in the egg cytoplasm. Strain-dependent differences in the actions of these egg modifiers in mice reveal an important potential for genetic variability in the imprinting process, and also provide valuable genetic systems with which to identify some of the factors that participate in imprinting. Previous studies documented a strain-dependent difference in the modification of paternal genome function between the C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mouse strains. This difference is revealed as a difference in developmental potential of androgenetic embryos produced with eggs from females of the two strains by nuclear transplantation. The specificity of the effect for the paternal genome is consistent with an effect on imprinted genes. The egg phenotype is largely independent of the genotype of the fertilizing sperm, and the C57BL/6 phenotype is dominant in reciprocal F1 hybrids. Genetic studies demonstrated that the difference in egg phenotypes between the two strains is most likely controlled by two independently segregating loci. We now report the results of experiments in which the egg phenotypes of the available BxD recombinant inbred mouse strains have been determined. The results of the analysis are consistent with the two locus model, and we have identified candidate chromosomal locations for the two loci. These data demonstrate clearly that differences in how the egg cytoplasm modifies the incoming paternal genome are indeed genetically determined, and vary accordingly.
Encountering the “Other” in a World of Difference and Danger

Paul Tillich and I arrived at Harvard Divinity School in the fall of 1955. It is the 50th anniversary of Tillich's inaugural year (1955–1956) as University Professor at Harvard University and my 50th anniversary as one of the first women students to attend the Harvard Divinity School. It is no accident that we came at the same time, for I chose to come to Harvard for my ministerial studies just so I could be part of its renewal, and study with professors such as Paul Tillich.
RNA-seq analyses of blood-induced changes in gene expression in the mosquito vector species, Aedes aegypti

Hematophagy is a common trait of insect vectors of disease. Extensive genome-wide transcriptional changes occur in mosquitoes after blood meals, and these are related to digestive and reproductive processes, among others. Studies of these changes are expected to reveal molecular targets for novel vector control and pathogen transmission-blocking strategies. The mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae), a vector of Dengue viruses, Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) and Chikungunya virus (CV), is the subject of this study to look at genome-wide changes in gene expression following a blood meal. Transcriptional changes that follow a blood meal in Ae. aegypti females were explored using RNA-seq technology. Over 30% of more than 18,000 investigated transcripts accumulate differentially in mosquitoes at five hours after a blood meal when compared to those fed only on sugar. Forty transcripts accumulate only in blood-fed mosquitoes. The list of regulated transcripts correlates with an enhancement of digestive activity and a suppression of environmental stimuli perception and innate immunity. The alignment of more than 65 million high-quality short reads to the Ae. aegypti reference genome permitted the refinement of the current annotation of transcript boundaries, as well as the discovery of novel transcripts, exons and splicing variants. Cis-regulatory elements (CRE) and cis-regulatory modules (CRM) enriched significantly at the 5'end flanking sequences of blood meal-regulated genes were identified. This study provides the first global view of the changes in transcript accumulation elicited by a blood meal in Ae. aegypti females. This information permitted the identification of classes of potentially co-regulated genes and a description of biochemical and physiological events that occur immediately after blood feeding. The data presented here serve as a basis for novel vector control and pathogen transmission-blocking strategies including those in which the vectors are modified genetically to express anti-pathogen effector molecules.
Statistics of wave functions in disordered systems with applications to Coulomb blockade peak spacing

over different energy levels of matrix elements of the resid ual (screened) interaction, each of which involves an integrat ion over space. Here we particularly study statistics involvin g both different energies and integration over space. We find that these statistics deviate strongly from expectations, indicating that disordered systems are more complex than previously thought. We include an analysis of how these results fit with previous experimental and theoretical results, inclu ding calculations from the supersymmetric σ-model. 16,21 We then apply our statistics to the Coulomb blockade problem. Parameters of the study have been chosen for the greatest relevance to the physical conditions of the Coulomb blockade in semiconductor quantum dots.
Turning Doctors Into Employees

Background: Much of the contentious debate surrounding the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“Obamacare”) concerned its financing and its attempt to guarantee (near) universal access to healthcare through the private insurance market. Aside from sensationalist stories of “death panels,” much less attention went to implications of the bill for the actual provision of healthcare.Methodology: This paper examines the "patient-centered medical home" (PCMH) model which has been widely promoted as a means of reviving and improving primary care (i.e. general internal medicine, family medicine, and pediatrics).Argument: The PCMH and many of its components (e.g pay-for-performance, electronic medical records) were interventions that were implemented on a massive basis without any evidence of benefit. Recent research has not generally supported clinical benefits with the PCMH model. Instead it seems to designed to de-professionalize (make proletarians of) health care workers and enforce corporate models of health. The core values of professional work are undermined while the PCMH does nothing to address the structural marginalization of primary care within US health care.Conclusions: The development of alternative models will require political changes. Both doctors and teachers are in a position of advocate for more progressive systems of care and education.
Accuracy of the residual-delay absolute-phase algorithm

An absolute-phase algorithm is used in an interferometric radar mapper to determine the unknown constant number of cycles of phase difference after phase unwrapping and, thus, the absolute topography. Using a model and a simulation, the author computes the accuracy of one such algorithm and compares it to the results for an actual system. The algorithm's accuracy for other systems is predicted.
Resistance to Tan Spot and Stagonospora nodorum Blotch in Wheat-Alien Species Derivatives

Tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) (caused by Stagonospora nodorum) are destructive fungal diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) throughout the world. Host plant resistance is thought to be an efficient and economical method of control. The objective of the present study was to identify novel sources of tan spot and SNB resistance in wheat genotypes derived from the crosses between wheat and alien species. Evaluations were conducted at the seedling stage in a growth chamber with 100% relative humidity. For each genotype, three replications were used for each disease. Among the 199 wheat-alien species derivatives evaluated, 65 exhibited resistance to tan spot and 30 showed resistance to SNB similar to BR34, a Brazilian wheat line used as the resistant control. Eleven derivatives were resistant to both diseases. Reactions of the derivatives and their respective wheat parents to tan spot and SNB suggest that resistance genes in the derivatives are derived from alien species. These derivatives can serve as desirable bridges for introgression of resistance genes from alien species to cultivated wheat, and could contribute novel and effective tan spot and SNB resistance to wheat breeding.
The impact of trauma in an urban pediatric orthopaedic practice.

BACKGROUND: National data documenting the impact of pediatric trauma in general and of pediatric orthopaedic trauma in particular on the rates of hospital admissions and emergency-room visits have been reported. This study documents the frequency of and work involved in the care of pediatric orthopaedic trauma by a single urban pediatric orthopaedic group practice. METHODS: The computerized billing records of a single practice group of 3.4 full-time-equivalent, fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeons practicing in a freestanding pediatric hospital with a level-I trauma center were analyzed for one year (from July 2004 through June 2005). Every office visit and operative procedure was specifically sorted to determine the component of trauma care in the group's pediatric orthopaedic practice. Descriptive statistics, including the actual numbers and percentages of office fracture visits and operations for fracture care as well as the actual numbers and percentages of work relative value units generated by the physicians, are presented. RESULTS: The practice generated 36,771 work relative value units, with 18,693 units (51%) from treatment provided in the operating room and 18,078 units (49%) from treatment provided in the office. A total of 1903 new fractures was seen and accounted for 5698 work relative value units (32% of all work relative value units for treatment provided in the office). The four fractures that were most frequently seen in the office were in the distal aspect of the radius (23%), forearm (14%), tibia (13%), and elbow (10%). Of the 18,693 work relative value units generated in the operating room, 5975 (32%) were from fracture care, representing the largest single category of work done in the operating room. Trauma-related operations were most commonly done for fractures of the elbow (25.3%), tibia (12%), femur (9.8%), forearm (5.5%), and the distal aspect of the radius (5%). Technically demanding fixation techniques, which are commonly used to treat fractures in adults, were frequently used, particularly for femoral and tibial fractures. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study documents the frequency and work relative value of the care of musculoskeletal injuries in an urban pediatric orthopaedic practice in the outpatient and inpatient settings. It is a snapshot in time of current trends in pediatric orthopaedic practice, but these data may have implications for future resource allocation of the pediatric orthopaedic manpower in North America. Language: en
Enzyme modified soy flour adhesives

vi CHAPTER 1. General Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2. Hydrolyzed soy flour and protein isolate in medium density fiberboard applications 28 CHAPTER 3. Effects of degree of protein hydrolysis on soy flour/phenol formaldehyde adhesives 45 CHAPTER 4. Effects of degree of hydrolysis on soy flour and polyamideepichlorohydrin bond strength and stability 60 CHAPTER 5. Urea enhanced soy flour/polyamide-epichlorohydrin Adhesives 77 CHAPTER 6. Summary 96 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 99
Integration of sensors and inkjet-printed RFID tags on paper-based substrates for UHF “Cognitive Intelligence” applications

In this paper, an overview of novel design and integration approaches for improved performance UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags with embedded power source and sensing capability is presented. Ultra-low-cost organic substrates, such as paper, with inkjet-printing capability are investigated for the UHF frequency band. The proposed technology could potentially revolutionize sensor nodes and RFID tags for various applications such as security, logistics, automotive and pharmaceutical.
Viral and host proteins that modulate filovirus budding.

The filoviruses, Ebola and Marburg, utilize a multifaceted mechanism for assembly and budding of infectious virions from mammalian cells. Growing evidence not only demonstrates the importance of multiple viral proteins for efficient assembly and budding, but also the exploitation of various host proteins/pathways by the virus during this late stage of filovirus replication, including endocytic compartments, vacuolar protein sorting pathways, ubiquitination machinery, lipid rafts and cytoskeletal components. Continued elucidation of these complex and orchestrated virus–host interactions will provide a fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms of filovirus assembly/budding and ultimately lead to the development of novel viral- and/or host-oriented therapeutics to inhibit filovirus egress and spread. This article will focus on the most recent studies on host interactions and modulation of filovirus budding and summarize the key findings from these investigations.
Optimizing a nonlinear collimation system for future linear colliders

A possible collimation scheme is presented for a TeV linear collider which employs mechanical collimation for the horizontal plane and nonlinear collimation (scheme with skew sextupole pairs) for the vertical. This design satisfies all of the requirements imposed on collimation systems, including effective collimation of transverse energy tails, control of wakefield effects, protection of scrapers, and control of geometric and chromatic aberrations. The stability tolerances at the scrapers and sextupoles are similar to those occurring in the NLC (nonlinear collimation) final focus system; given the precision of the beam position monitors envisioned for an NLC, these tolerances should not rule out nonlinear collimation as a candidate for beam scraping in a future linear collider. >
THE INFLUENCE OF SEXUAL MATURITY UPON THE REACTIVITY OF RABBITS TO HORSE SERUM

1. Normal rabbits in the course of their development, after infancy, vary in their responses to minute doses of horse serum given intracutaneously. 2. There is increased reactivity in males as they mature, beginning, in the stock employed in these experiments, at about the age of 13 weeks when a weight of 1,700 gm. has been attained. 3. The reactivity of normal females remains at a constant level and the increase demonstrated in males does not take place. 4. The divergence in degree of reactivity between males and females, beginning with the establishment of estrus, indicates that factors associated with sexual maturity in females are responsible for their low reactivity. 5. The suppression of estrus by operative removal of the ovaries results in an increase of reactivity which, however, in the experiments reported here is probably not great enough to account entirely for the difference in reactivity between mature males and females.
The Role Of Euros In Eurozone Regionalism And World Globalization

The success of Eurozone regionalism is primarily based on the establishment of regional monetary cooperation that resulted in creation of the Euro. In addition, the development of regional strategies for increasing competitiveness of the region and the establishment of structural funds for assisting economic restructuring, solving the social problems, and reducing the differences in the social economic structure of the member countries helped Eurozone integrates fully with the global economy. Just as the Euro has successfully helped the processes of regionalism (globalization on a smaller scale) in Eurozone, a global currency would be necessary counterpart to the further globalization of world economies. As regional monetary cooperation was required in Eurozone for success of the Euro, a global monetary cooperation is needed for creation and success of a global currency. This paper explores the success of the Euro in Eurozone regionalism, the formation of a global monetary cooperation, development of a framework for currency fluctuations among main currencies (dollar, euro, and yen), and ultimately creation of global currency.
Consistent Estimation for Partition-Wise Regression and Classification Models

Partition-wise models offer a flexible approach for modeling complex and multidimensional data and are capable of producing interpretable results. They are based on partitioning the observed data into regions, each of which is modeled with a simple submodel. The success of this approach highly depends on the quality of the partition, as too large a region could lead to a nonsimple submodel, while too small a region could inflate estimation variance. This paper proposes an automatic procedure for choosing the partition (i.e., the number of regions and the boundaries between regions) as well as the submodels for the regions. It is shown that under the assumption of the existence of a true partition, as well as a set of known significant predictors, the proposed partition estimator is statistically consistent. Features of the proposed methodology are highlighted for both regression and classification problems on synthetic and real data.
Parallels in the Modes of Action of Peptide and Steroid Hormones: Membrane Effects and Cellular Entry

The conservative nature of evolution should have taught us that regulation of cells by coordinating substances in their environment proceeds through mechanisms that are independent of the chemical nature per se of the agonist. The minimum requirement for such regulation would appear to be mutual recognition and precise interaction, of necessity at that interface between the two phases that is the external cell membrane. Such interaction would be expected to have one of two possible outcomes: perturbation or stabilization of membrane conformation. All else should be secondary to this coupled process.
Hemosiderin: iron extraction studies.

Summary1. It has been demonstrated that iron is extracted from horse spleen hemosiderin at different rates by disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. During the first 24 hours of extraction, between 21 and 70% of total hemosiderin iron was removed by chelating agent from 8 hemosiderin preparations which contained between 33.5 and 19% iron, respectively. The amount of iron removed is inversely proportional to total hemosiderin iron concentration. Subsequently, iron is dissolved at a slow rate until practically all is removed during 25 days extraction. 2. Analytical data for amount of ferritin present in hemosiderin are presented.
Wisdom in numbers.

The author argues that society needs a unified conceptual framework for addressing questions of complexity, or issues that have many parts that can interact in many different ways that are difficult to predict before the issue reaches a tipping point and behavior changes radically. He suggests that as the Industrial Age generated the laws of thermodynamics, the modern age should develop laws of complexity to solve problems like financial uncertainty, rapid urbanization, and climate change.
The Relationship Between Self-Control and Police Misconduct: A Multi-Agency Study of First-Line Police Supervisors

Prior research has identified several individual, organizational, and community-level correlates of police misconduct, but studies based on theoretical explanations have only recently emerged in the literature. The purpose of the current study was to examine the potential relationship between self-control and police misconduct using both Gottfredson and Hirschi’s original version of self-control theory and Hirschi’s revised version of the theory. Data from a multi-agency sample of 101 first-line police supervisors demonstrated that self-control, as measured by both conceptualizations of the theory, was significantly related to self-reported prior engagement in police misconduct as well as the likelihood of future misconduct. The results are discussed in terms of theoretical and policy implications, as well as in terms of study limitations and directions for future research.
Random-parameters analysis of highway characteristics on crash frequency and injury severity

Factors that affect highway-related crash frequency and injury severity vary across observations. Using a methodology that does not account nor correct for heterogeneity in observed and unobserved crash factors across highway segments may lead to biased and inconsistent estimated coefficients, thus resulting in erroneous inferences. The present paper demonstrates the use of random-parameters models to facilitate and enhance how crash factors affect crash frequency and injury severity along a highway segment. The results indicate that a unit increase in the presence of stop sign along a highway segment reduces crash frequency by 2.471 for 87.24% of the roadway segments. For the remaining 12.76% of the roadway segments, crash frequency is increased by the same margin. Using the random-parameters multinomial logit model, the result indicates that, for 90.89% of the observations, the presence of a stop sign on a highway segment increases the probability of the injury outcome. For 9.11% of the observations, the presence of a stop sign on a highway segment reduces the probability of the injury outcome, and the marginal effect value across observations is 0.0017. Vertical grades greater than 5% increase crash frequency for 58.46% of the highway segments, and decrease for 41.54% of the highway segments by 0.121 for one unit increase in vertical grades.
The Roles of Shared Racial Fate and a Sense of Belonging With African Americans in Black Immigrants’ Race-Related Stress and Depression:

Objectives: The first goal was to examine whether race-related stress was associated with depression in Black immigrants, as has been found in African Americans. The second goal was to determine wh...
Adding to the Education Debt: Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Association between Racial Discrimination and Academic Performance in African Americans

Although the United States faces a seemingly intractable divide between white and African American academic performance, there remains a dearth of longitudinal research investigating factors that work to maintain this gap. The present study examined whether racial discrimination predicted the academic performance of African American students through its effect on depressive symptoms. Participants were a community sample of African American adolescents (N=495) attending urban public schools from grade 7 to grade 9 (Mage=12.5). Structural equation modeling revealed that experienced racial discrimination predicted increases in depressive symptoms 1year later, which, in turn, predicted decreases in academic performance the following year. These results suggest that racial discrimination continues to play a critical role in the academic performance of African American students and, as such, contributes to the maintenance of the race-based academic achievement gap in the United States.
Screening for Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis in Hypertensive Recipients Using Digital Subtraction Angiography

AbstractDigital subtraction angiography was used in 10 renal allograft recipients with sustained hypertension after transplantation to detect transplant renal artery stenosis. Recipients with end-to-end vascular anastomoses were visualized adequately in the anteroposterior projection. Two cases of transplant renal artery stenosis were identified by digital subtraction angiography and then verified by catheter angiography. Patients with end-to-side vascular anastomoses may require additional oblique projections. Digital subtraction angiography is a safe, noninvasive and cost-effective screening procedure to diagnose transplant renal artery stenosis in most recipients. Catheter angiography can be applied more selectively to those recipients with stenosis observed by digital subtraction angiography or when more detailed imaging is required.
Abstinence v. access

I read with interest Dr. Zanga9s comments. I was wondering whether there might be fewer children without financial access to health care, if people in school health programs were distributing condoms and providing something more than abstinence education. Perhaps we could have fewer children having children for whom they aren9t financially able to care.
8.13 – Enzymology of Bacterial Resistance

The consequence of the widespread use of antibiotics during the first seven decades of the Age of Antibiotics is the existence of highly antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Among the powerful resistance mechanisms these bacteria possess are altered enzyme targets to evade the antibiotic, and expression of enzymes that modify the antibiotic so as to destroy its ability to engage its target. The enzymology of drug resistance is exemplified by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (target alteration), oxyiminocephalosporin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (antibiotic modification), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (target alteration), aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii (antibiotic modification), and macrolide-resistant Streptococcus (target alteration). Progress toward the understanding of the molecular mechanisms connecting enzyme mechanism to antibiotic resistance in the important antibiotic classes of the β-lactams, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones is reviewed.
The Ticket to Work Program: Employment Networks' Views on Serving Beneficiaries Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired

This article reports on a survey of the opinions of employment networks (ENs) about serving social security beneficiaries who are blind or visually impaired under the Ticket to Work program. Although most of the 267 ENs who participated in the survey expressed concerns about working with those who are blind or visually impaired, they did not seem to be biased against working with this population based solely on their disability type.
Transport in non-conventional FETs

While two-dimensional (2D) materials continue attracting an increasing amount of interest in the scientific community, the main question remains what type of application will benefit most from their unique 2D properties. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) combine 2D transport properties with a sizable bandgap, but do not show the amazing mobility values that had made graphene an exciting candidate for future electronics applications for some time. On the other hand their ultra-thin body (t body ) allows for significantly improved electrostatics gate control if compared to bulk and thus allows for most aggressive channel length scaling. The key is that the characteristic length scale λ over which band bending occurs inside the device in the lateral dimension becomes the smaller the smaller t body . Since it is the same λ that also defines the abruptness of the inverse subthreshold slope (SS) in a tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) as well as its on-current (I on ) [1,2], TMDs lend themselves naturally as channel material for TFETs.
Henry Stead, A Cockney Catullus: The Reception of Catullus in Romantic Britain, 1795-1821

Review by David Wray (University of Chicago) of Henry Stead, A Cockney Catullus: The Reception of Catullus in Romantic Britain, 1795-1821 . New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. 339. £65. ISBN 9780198744887.
Performance Standard Horizons, Uncertainty, and Effort Provision

A performance standard’s horizon is the time given to achieve the standard. Horizons vary considerably in practice, and the goal-setting literature provides mixed evidence on whether short or long horizons are more effective at eliciting effort from workers. I predict and find that uncertainty in workers’ effort-performance relationship moderates the effect of horizon on effort. Horizon and uncertainty affect expectancy (probability of standard attainment) which in turn determines effort. In an experiment in which the rate of effort needed to achieve the standard was held constant, participants facing low uncertainty decreased effort as horizon increased. However, those facing high uncertainty increased effort as horizon increased. These findings are consistent with the expectancy-based predictions, and suggest that managers should jointly determine the level and horizon of performance standards. These findings also provide potential explanations for the variation in horizons observed in practice and for the mixed findings in the goal-setting literature.
Applicability of Sentinel-1 Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans multitemporal interferometry for monitoring slow ground motions in the San Francisco Bay Area

Author(s): Shirzaei, M; Burgmann, R; Fielding, EJ | Abstract: Data from the Sentinel-1 satellite have already proven useful for investigating seismic and volcanic events since its launch in April 2014. The requirement of ultrahigh coregistration accuracy and the current relatively short time of Sentinel-1 acquisitions make its application challenging for studying slow deformation processes, such as fault creep and land subsidence. Here we analyze a set of 14 SAR images over the San Francisco Bay Area spanning 1 year from early 2015 to 2016. We show that implementing an existing Enhanced Spectral Diversity algorithm or using precise orbits together with a reference digital elevation model both yield the required coregistration accuracy for making use of the phase measurements in time series analysis of ground deformation. Following a thorough validation test, we update our estimates of Hayward Fault creep rate and confirm uplift due to recharge of the Santa Clara Valley aquifer system during the final summer of 4 year drought.
Biochemistry: The surprising history of an antioxidant.

What came first: oxygen-producing photosynthesis, or compounds that protect cells from oxygen-induced damage? It emerges that one such compound might have been produced in microbes before Earth’s oxygenation.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene family in Medicago truncatula

One important mechanism plants use to cope with salinity is keeping the cytosolic Na+ concentration low by sequestering Na+ in vacuoles, a process facilitated by Na+/H+ exchangers (NHX). There are eight NHX genes (NHX1 through NHX8) identified and characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Bioinformatics analyses of the known Arabidopsis genes enabled us to identify six Medicago truncatula NHX genes (MtNHX1, MtNHX2, MtNHX3, MtNHX4, MtNHX6, and MtNHX7). Twelve transmembrane domains and an amiloride binding site were conserved in five out of six MtNHX proteins. Phylogenetic analysis involving A. thaliana, Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, and M. truncatula revealed that each individual MtNHX class (class I: MtNHX1 through 4; class II: MtNHX6; class III: MtNHX7) falls under a separate clade. In a salinity-stress experiment, M. truncatula exhibited ~ 20% reduction in biomass. In the salinity treatment, sodium contents increased by 178 and 75% in leaves and roots, respectively, and Cl− contents increased by 152 and 162%, respectively. Na+ exclusion may be responsible for the relatively smaller increase in Na+ concentration in roots under salt stress as compared to Cl−. Decline in tissue K+ concentration under salinity was not surprising as some antiporters play an important role in transporting both Na+ and K + . MtNHX1, MtNHX6, and MtNHX7 display high expression in roots and leaves. MtNHX3, MtNHX6, and MtNHX7 were induced in roots under salinity stress. Expression analysis results indicate that sequestering Na+ into vacuoles may not be the principal component trait of the salt tolerance mechanism in M. truncatula and other component traits may be pivotal.