cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Storytelling: a clinical application for undergraduate nursing students.

Summary Faculty from Creighton University School of Nursing participating in a grant set out to design and implement a model for teaching health care management in community-based settings. The goal of the grant was to cross-educate acute care faculty on how to provide holistic care to patients transitioning between acute care and the community with a focus on underserved and vulnerable populations and to incorporate this into acute care clinical experiences with students. One of the recurring topics during grant discussions was the importance of getting to know the patient's story and how it impacts the nurse–patient relationship. Key themes related to storytelling that emerged during grant meetings were listening, partnership, reciprocity, and solidarity. Grant participants identified various methods in which stories could be obtained and shared with others for educational purposes. Various storytelling techniques were implemented in the classroom and clinical settings as a means for teaching and learning. Examples of specific techniques implemented included case studies, journals, stories from practice, life reviews, and reminiscence therapy. The aim of the storytelling projects was to get students to gather information from multiple sources and to put it into a cohesive story in order to provide comprehensive, holistic, and individualized care.
Quickest Detection of a Minimum of Two Poisson Disorder Times

A multisource quickest detection problem is considered. Assume there are two independent Poisson processes $X^{1}$ and $X^{2}$ with disorder times $\theta_{1}$ and $\theta_{2}$, respectively; i.e., the intensities of $X^1$ and $X^2$ change at random unobservable times $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$, respectively. $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ are independent of each other and are exponentially distributed. Define $\theta \triangleq \theta_1 \wedge \theta_2=\min\{\theta_{1},\theta_{2}\}$. For any stopping time t that is measurable with respect to the filtration generated by the observations, define a penalty function of the form $R_{\tau}=\mathbb{P}(\tau 0$ and $(\tau-\theta)^{+}$ is the positive part of $\tau-\theta$. It is of interest to find a stopping time t that minimizes the above performance index. This performance criterion can be useful, e.g., in the following scenario: There are two assembly lines that produce products $A$ and $B$, respectively. Assume that the malfunctioning (disorder) of the machines producing $A$ and $B$ are independent events. Later, the products $A$ and $B$ are to be put together to obtain another product $C$. A product manager who is worried about the quality of $C$ will want to detect the minimum of the disorder times (as accurately as possible) in the assembly lines producing $A$ and $B$. Another problem to which we can apply our framework is the Internet surveillance problem: A router receives data from, say, $n$ channels. The channels are independent, and the disorder times of channels are $\theta_1, \ldots, \theta_n$. The router is said to be under attack at $\theta=\theta_1 \wedge \cdots \wedge \theta_n$. The administrator of the router is interested in detecting $\theta$ as quickly as possible. Since both observations $X^{1}$ and $X^{2}$ reveal information about the disorder time t, even this simple problem is more involved than solving the disorder problems for $X^{1}$ and $X^{2}$ separately. This problem is formulated in terms of a three-dimensional sufficient statistic, and the corresponding optimal stopping problem is examined. The solution is characterized by iterating a suitable functional operator.
The Disposition of Coal Dusts in the Lungs and Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes of Dogs

Abstract The pulmonary disposition, histopathology and lymphatic uptake of anthracite (Tamaqua) and bituminous (Lower Kittaning) cost dusts were measured as part of a pulmonary retention study which revealed a mean half-time of 1.92 years in dogs (Morrow et al. 1981). After brief (1–2.5 hr) exposures to either natural or neutron-activated coals having an average airborne mass concentration of ∼90 mg m −3 and a 1.8 μm mass median aerodynamic diameter (og 2.5), dogs (n=12) were serially sacrificed up to 52 weeks after exposure. Coal dusts were found only in the lungs and pulmonary lymph nodes. The coals were considered indistinguishable as to their pulmonary clearance and disposition and lymphatic uptake. All coals in the lung were associated mainly with the peribronchiolar and perivascular lymphatics or connective tissue spaces, and some were found in alveolar macrophages. The lymphatic uptake of coal dusts followed the powder function 0.55 t 0.513 where t is in weeks and uptake is expressed as percent of the initial alveolar burden. In terms of pulmonary dust clearance, only 4 percent of the initial alveolar burden appeared to have been translocated to the tracheobronchial lymph nodes in the first 50 weeks, but this constituted ∼14 percent of the total alveolar clearance. Histopathologically, one distinction was found: animals exposed to the highest level of neutron-activated anthracite showed patchy hyaline thickening of some small blood vessels and alveolar septa. The response was low grade, probably exposure-related, but otherwise unremarkable.
Spectrophotometric determination of osmium with p-(morpholino)-n-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy)benzylidineaniline

A sensitive spectrophotometric determination of osmium is based on the blue color (absorption maximum at 615 mμ formed by reaction of osmium with p-(morpholino)-N-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy)benzylidineaniline (“anil”) in acetate-buffered solution containing ethanol to prevent formation of a precipitate, Full color development is attained in I h at room temperature, and the color is stable for several hours. The absorbance is reproducible. The optimum concentration range for I-cm optical path is about I to 4 p.p.m. of osmium. Several transition elements interfere ; osmium can be separated as its tetroxide by the usual distillation method. The blue product is a cationic complex formed by reaction of anil with osmium in a 2 : I mole ratio. When osmium is in excess a red cationic complex (absorption maximum at 466 mμ) is formed by a I : I reaction between osmium and the reagent. The I : I complex is slowly converted to the 2 : I complex by excess reagent.
Methods for Exact Goodness-of-Fit Tests

Abstract Numerous goodness-of-fit tests with asymptotic chi-squared distributions have been proposed for discrete multivariate data, and there has been much discussion about using asymptotic results for computing critical values when there are small expected cell values. Although exact methods would be preferred in these situations, it generally is believed that such methods are computationally intractable. We propose methods for calculating exact distributions and significance levels for goodness-of-fit statistics that are computationally feasible over a wide range of models. In particular, the distribution for a simple multinomial model can be evaluated in polynomial time. For composite null hypotheses, we calculate the distribution conditional on the sufficient statistics for the nuisance parameters. We calculate the characteristic function of a distribution and invert the characteristic function using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Our approach emphasizes the relationship between exact methods and ...
No-carrier-added (NCA) N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-N-norbuprenorphine and N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-N-nordiprenorphine—Synthesis, anatomical distribution in mice and rats, and tomographic studies in a baboon

Abstract N-(3-Fluoropropyl)-N-norbuprenorphine (3a) and N-(3-fluoropropyl)-N-nordiprenorphine (4a) were synthesized by N-alkylation of norbuprenorphine (1) and nordiprenorphine (2) with 1-bromo-3-fluoropropane. The corresponding no-carrier-added (NCA) N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-N-norbuprenorphine (3b) and N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-N-nordiprenorphine (4b) were synthesized by N-alkylation of 1 and 2 with NCA 1 -[18 F]fluoro-3-iodopropane in a synthesis time of ~ 100 min from end of bombardment (EOB) with an overall radiochemical yield of ~ 15% (EOB) and a mass of 2–3 nmol. In vitro studies indicate that in the absence of sodium chloride, compounds 3a, 4a, N-propyl-N-norbuprenorphine (5), buprenorphine and diprenorphine are reasonably comparable in binding affinity for opioid receptors. In the presence of l00 mM sodium chloride, however, compounds 3a, 4a and 5, are clearly less potent than buprenorphine and diprenorphine. The anatomical distribution study of compound 3b in mice shows radioactivity accumulating in bone, indicating that in vivo defluorination may have occurred. Rat studies of both compounds 3b and 4b indicate the specific distribution of these two radioligands within certain cortical and subcortical regions of rat brain. However, the absolute uptake of compound 4b in rat brain was only half that of compound 3b. PET studies of 3b in a baboon revealed specific binding of compound 3b in striatum and cerebellum. At 1 h after injection, ratios of specific/non-specific binding of 3b in striatum and cerebellum of a baboon were 1.9 and 1.7 respectively.
Moral Development and Political Change

Since World War II, a number of advances have been made in theories of revolution and political change. One approach not yet utilized is moral development theory, which adds a normative dimension to existing structural and psychological concepts. In this paper, moral development variables are related to the positive and negative rights that modern men seek within the dominance structures in which they live. Dominance patterns may become perverted due to social change and the amoral behavior of dominant individuals. Political movements characterized by demands for positive or negative rights arise as a reaction to these perversions. Whether change is restorative, accommodative, or transformative depends upon the subsequent patterns of interaction among individuals who are amoral, allegiant, or morally mature.
Individual Muscle Contributions to the Axial Knee Joint Contact Force During Normal Walking

Muscles are significant contributors to the high joint forces developed in the knee during human walking. Not only do muscles contribute to the knee joint forces by acting to compress the joint, but they also develop joint forces indirectly through their contributions to the ground reaction forces via dynamic coupling. Thus, muscles can have significant contributions to forces at joints they do not span. However, few studies have investigated how the major lower-limb muscles contribute to the knee joint contact forces during walking. The goal of this study was to use a muscle-actuated forward dynamics simulation of walking to identify how individual muscles contribute to the axial tibio-femoral joint force. The simulation results showed that the vastii muscles are the primary contributors to the axial joint force in early stance while the gastrocnemius is the primary contributor in late stance. The tibio-femoral joint force generated by these muscles was at times greater than the muscle forces themselves. Muscles that do not cross the knee joint (e.g., the gluteus maximus and soleus) also have significant contributions to the tibio-femoral joint force through their contributions to the ground reaction forces. Further, small changes in walking kinematics (e.g., knee flexion angle) can have a significant effect on the magnitude of the knee joint forces. Thus, altering walking mechanics and muscle coordination patterns to utilize muscle groups that perform the same biomechanical function, yet contribute less to the knee joint forces may be an effective way to reduce knee joint loading during walking.
Differential geometry of normalized Stokes vector trajectories in anisotropic media

Trajectory of the normalized Stokes vector on the Poincare sphere corresponding to light propagation in anisotropic tissues with birefringence and biattenuance is derived. Analytic expressions are determined from the Serret-Frenet formulas and derivatives of arc length for five quantities including the tangent, normal, and binormal vectors with curvature and torsion. Depth variation of curvature and torsion of normalized Stokes vector trajectories corresponding to light propagating in rodent tail tendon are given. Use of analytic expressions for depth variation of curvature and torsion of the normalized Stokes vector trajectories on the Poincare sphere is discussed for analysis of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography data recorded from anisotropic biological tissues with birefringence and biattenuance.
The use of logic models by community-based initiatives

Abstract Many grant programs now require community-based initiatives to develop logic models as part of the application process or to facilitate program monitoring and evaluation. This paper examines three such programs to understand the benefits and challenges of using logic models to help build consensus and foster collaboration within a community coalition, strengthen program design, and facilitate internal and external communication. The paper concludes with recommendations for how to make the logic model development process more useful for community-based initiatives.
Progesterone, in Addition to Estrogen, Induces Cyclin D1 Expression in the Murine Mammary Epithelial Cell, in Vivo

Previous investigations, in vitro, have demonstrated that progestins can induce the transcription of the cell cycle regulator, cyclin D1, thereby suggesting that cyclin D1 may mediate, at the molecular level, the proposed mitogenic effects of progesterone during mammary epithelial cell proliferation. To extend these initial studies into an in vivo context, comparative cyclin D1 Northern and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on mammary gland tissue isolated from wild type (WT) females as well as from the recently reported progesterone receptor knockout (PRKO) mouse model. Northern analysis revealed that estrogen induced cyclin D1 expression, 5- to 7-fold over control levels, both in the WT and PRKO female. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that, for both test groups, the number of mammary epithelial cells expressing cyclin D1 increased significantly as compared with control values, in response to estrogen. In the case of estrogen plus progesterone treatment, Northern analysis revealed that, in the WT gland, cyclin D1 transcription increased approximately 3-fold over estrogen induced levels, an increase that was paralleled by an equivalent increase in the number of mammary epithelial cells expressing cyclin D1. Conversely, under the same hormone regimen, the PRKO mammary gland did not exhibit a further increase in cyclin D1 induction over estrogen only levels. Finally, these studies not only demonstrate that in the mammary epithelial cell, both estrogen and progesterone can induce the expression of cyclin D1 but also show that this induction correlates with mammary gland proliferation in the mouse.
Collision avoidance control with sensing uncertainties

Sensing and localization mechanisms, employed by mobile robots for the detection of obstacles and other nearby agents, may inaccurately estimate the position of obstacles due to noise, delays, and interferences incurred during the detection process. Therefore, it is critical to design collision avoidance strategies that are robust to the presence of measurement errors. In this paper, we present a decentralized, cooperative collision avoidance strategy for a pair of agents considering bounded sensing uncertainties and acceleration constraints. The avoidance control can be appended to any other stable control law (i.e., main control objective) and is active only when the vehicle is close to the other agent. A numerical example is presented that validates the proposed avoidance strategy.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Promotes Inflammatory Vascular Repair of Murine Carotid Aneurysms via a Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α and Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2–Dependent Pathway

Background—Up to 5% of the population may have a brain aneurysm. If the brain aneurysm ruptures, there is >50% mortality, and more than one third of survivors are dependent. Brain aneurysms detected before rupture can be treated to prevent rupture, or ruptured aneurysms can be treated to prevent rerupture. Endovascular coiling of brain aneurysms is the treatment of choice for some aneurysms; however, up to one quarter of aneurysms may recur. The coiled aneurysms that do not recur are characterized by inflammatory intra-aneurysmal tissue healing; therefore, we studied the biology of this process, specifically the role of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a cytokine known for tissue healing. Methods and Results—We created coils with a 50:50 poly-dl-lactic glycolic acid (PLGA) coating that released MCP-1 at 3 different doses (100 μg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) and performed a dose-response study for effect on intra-aneurysmal tissue healing in a murine carotid aneurysm model. We then demonstrated that M...
Characterization of Virus-Encoded RNA Interference Suppressors in Caenorhabditis elegans

In fungi, plants, and invertebrates, antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) directed by virus-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) represents a major antiviral defense that the invading viruses have to overcome in order to establish infection. As a counterdefense mechanism, viruses of these hosts produce diverse classes of proteins capable of suppressing the biogenesis and/or function of viral siRNAs. This RNA-directed viral immunity (RDVI) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is known to exhibit some unique features. Currently, little is known about viral suppression of RNAi in C. elegans. Here, we show that ectopic expression of the B2 protein encoded by Flock House virus (FHV) suppresses RNAi induced by either long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or an FHV-based replicon and facilitates the natural infection of C. elegans by Orsay virus but is not active against RNA silencing mediated by microRNAs. We report the development of an assay for the identification of viral suppressor of RNAi (VSR) in C. elegans based on the suppression of a viral replicon-triggered RDVI by ectopic expression of candidate proteins. No VSR activity was detected for either of the two Orsay viral proteins proposed previously as VSRs. We detected, among the known heterologous VSRs, VSR activity for B2 of Nodamura virus but not for 2b of tomato aspermy virus, p29 of fungus-infecting hypovirus, or p19 of tomato bushy stunt virus. We further show that, unlike that in plants and insects, FHV B2 suppresses worm RDVI mainly by interfering with the function of virus-derived primary siRNAs.
Designing Buildings for Real Occupants: An Agent-Based Approach

Building information modeling is only beginning to incorporate human factors, although buildings are sites where humans and technologies interact with globally significant consequences. Some buildings fail to perform as their designers intended, in part because users do not or cannot properly operate the building, and some occupants behave differently than designers expect. Innovative buildings, e.g., green buildings, are particularly susceptible to usability problems. This paper presents a framework for prospectively measuring the usability of designs before buildings are constructed, while there is still time to improve the design. The framework, which was implemented as an agent-based computer simulation model, tests how well buildings are likely to perform, given realistic occupants. An illustrative model for lighting design shows that this modeling approach has practical efficacy, demonstrating that, to the extent that users exhibit heterogeneous behaviors and preferences, designs that allow greater local control and ease of operation perform better.
Nanostructured Polyaniline Sensors

The conjugated polymer polyaniline is a promising material for sensors, since its conductivity is highly sensitive to chemical vapors. Nanofibers of polyaniline are found to have superior performance relative to conventional materials due to their much greater exposed surface area. A template-free chemical synthesis is described that produces uniform polyaniline nanofibers with diameters below 100 nm. The interfacial polymerization can be readily scaled to make gram quantities. Resistive-type sensors made from undoped or doped polyaniline nanofibers outperform conventional polyaniline on exposure to acid or base vapors, respectively. The nanofibers show essentially no thickness dependence to their sensitivity.
Effects of Radiation Combined Injury on Hippocampal Function are Modulated in Mice Deficient in Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2)

Chemokines and their receptors play a crucial role in normal brain function as well as in pathological conditions such as injury and disease-associated neuroinflammation. Chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), which mediates the recruitment of infiltrating and resident microglia to sites of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, is upregulated by ionizing irradiation and traumatic brain injury. Our objective was to determine if a deficiency in CCR2 and subsequent effects on brain microglia affect neurogenesis and cognitive function after radiation combined injury (RCI). CCR2 knock-out (–/–) and wild-type (WT) mice received 4 Gy of whole body 137Cs irradiation. Immediately after irradiation, unilateral traumatic brain injury was induced using a controlled cortical impact system. Forty-four days postirradiation, animals were tested for hippocampus-dependent cognitive performance in the Morris water-maze. After cognitive testing, animals were euthanized and their brains snap frozen for immunohistochemical assessme...
Affective facial expression in infants with focal brain damage.

Abstract Children are fluent affective communicators by their first birthday. The development of affective facial expression in infants with focal brain damage thus provides a promising context in which to investigate the developing neural substrates of emotions. We examined both positive and negative affective expression in 12 infants (6–24 months) with pre- or perinatal unilateral focal brain damage (6RHD and 6LHD) and their age- and gender-matched controls. Infants were videotaped in free and semi-structured tasks. Interactions were microanalytically coded, including the use of FACS. Both normal and babies with posterior LHD exhibited the full range of appropriate affective expressions. In contrast, infants with posterior RHD showed marked affective impairment to positive, but not to negative simulation.
Mass Spectrometry Guided In Situ Proteolysis to Obtain Crystals for X-Ray Structure Determination

A strategy for increasing the efficiency of protein crystallization/structure determination with mass spectrometry has been developed. This approach combines insights from limited proteolysis/mass spectrometry and crystallization via in situ proteolysis. The procedure seeks to identify protease-resistant polypeptide chain segments from purified proteins on the time-scale of crystal formation, and subsequently crystallizing the target protein in the presence of the optimal protease at the right relative concentration. We report our experience with 10 proteins of unknown structure, two of which yielded high-resolution X-ray structures. The advantage of this approach comes from its ability to select only those structure determination candidates that are likely to benefit from application of in situ proteolysis, using conditions most likely to result in formation of a stable proteolytic digestion product suitable for crystallization.
Cellular activity of siRNA oligonucleotides containing synthetic isomorphic nucleoside surrogates

Singly and multiply modified synthetic siRNA oligonucleotides, containing isomorphic surrogate nucleobases, show high interference potency in cell culture, suggesting the highly isomorphic RNA alphabet, based on a thieno[3,4-d]-pyrimidine core, is tolerated well by the cellular silencing machinery.
Inability to empathize: brain lesions that disrupt sharing and understanding another’s emotions

Emotional empathy—the ability to recognize, share in, and make inferences about another person’s emotional state—is critical for all social interactions. The neural mechanisms underlying emotional empathy have been widely studied with functional imaging of healthy participants. However, functional imaging studies reveal correlations between areas of activation and performance of a task, so that they can only reveal areas engaged in a task, rather than areas of the brain that are critical for the task. Lesion studies complement functional imaging, to identify areas necessary for a task. Impairments in emotional empathy have been mostly studied in neurological diseases with fairly diffuse injury, such as traumatic brain injury, autism and dementia. The classic ‘focal lesion’ is stroke. There have been scattered studies of patients with impaired empathy after stroke and other focal injury, but these studies have included small numbers of patients. This review will bring together data from these studies, to complement evidence from functional imaging. Here I review how focal lesions affect emotional empathy. I will show how lesion studies contribute to the understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying emotional empathy, and how they contribute to the management of patients with impaired emotional empathy.
Colloids with a tunable dipolar interaction: equations of state and order parameters via confocal microscopy

Laser scanning confocal microscopy studies were carried out on charged screened colloidal silica microspheres in sedimentation equilibrium in the presence of a tunable external alternating electric field. The external a.c. field controls the averaged dipolar interaction between the silica microspheres. From the equilibrium sedimentation profiles, equations of state were obtained as a function of the dipolar strength and volume fraction. The colloidal fluid at zero field follows the hard-sphere equation of state but with an effective larger hard-sphere diameter. At non-zero fields, the average colloidal fluid isothermal compressibility was obtained as a function of a dipolar strength parameter. We then investigated bond order parameters upon increasing the field, and monitored an orientational order parameter associated with the field dependence of the average orientation of dual-particle bonds. The orientational order parameters were found to be very sensitive measures of anisotropy. The field dependence strongly confirms the use of the point dipolar approximation in this system.
Polymerization of higher aldehydes. III. Elastomeric polyacetaldehyde

Amorphous elastomeric polyacetaldehyde was prepared in bulk and in solution using cationic initiators. This polymer is the same as Letort's polyacetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde polymerization must be conducted at −40°C. or lower in order to overcome the competitive trimerization or tetramerization. The reactivity of a number of initiators can be modified by using different solvents. The influence of temperature and type of initiator and solvent on the polymerization was studied.
Critical Review of Voids in Mineral Aggregate Requirements in Superpave

Reports of increased difficulties in meeting the minimum voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) requirements have surfaced with the recent use of Superpave volumetric mix design. The low VMA of Superpave mixes generally can be contributed to the increased compactive effort by the Superpave gyratory compactor. This has led to the increased use of coarser asphalt mixes (gradations near the lower control points). However, the minimum VMA requirements in Superpave volumetric mix design for these coarse mixes are the same as those developed for the dense mixes designed by the Marshall method. Literature review has indicated that the rationale behind the minimum VMA requirement was to incorporate at least a minimum permissible asphalt content into the mix to ensure its durability. Studies have shown that asphalt mix durability is directly related to asphalt film thickness. Therefore, the minimum VMA should be based on the minimum desirable asphalt film thickness instead of on a minimum asphalt content because the lat...
Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid in Liver Transplantation: A Three-Year, Retrospective Review

The primary aim was to determine whether EACA affected transfusion requirements. Secondary outcomes were effect of EACA use on fibrinogen level, operative time, and hepatic artery or portal vein thrombus formation. We examined the association between EACA and RBC and FFP transfusion volume; factor 7 administrations, presence of thrombosis, mortality, change in fibrinogen levels, and MELD score. Chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact test were used for comparing categorical variables. Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine associations between EACA usage and all continuous outcomes. All analyses were conducted in SAS v. 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
Cancer Screening in Older Adults

Cancer screening is an important tool for reducing morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this article, performance characteristics of commonly used screening tests for colorectal, lung, prostate, breast, and cervical cancers are discussed. Guidelines are emphasized and key issues to consider in screening older adults are highlighted.
On Uberty: Legal Reasoning by Analogy and Peirce's Theory of Abduction

This paper uses the work of C.S. Peirce to explore legal reasoning by analogy. Peirce divided reasoning into three basic forms: deduction, induction, and abduction. Deductive reasoning discloses conclusions that necessarily follow from the premises. Inductive reasoning gives support to statements by generalizing from the characteristics found in samples. Abductive reasoning - a concept that Peirce originated - produces explanatory hypotheses. The three types of inference vary as to security (how certain we are that a conclusion follows from the premises) and uberty (how fruitful the reasoning is in producing new knowledge). Deductive reasoning has high security, because the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, but low uberty, for the same reason. Abductive reasoning has high uberty, because it creatively produces explanatory hypotheses, but low security, because such hypotheses may be falsified when tested. Induction falls between the other two forms; compared to abduction, its reliance on regularity increases its security, but restricts its uberty. The classic formulation views reasoning by analogy as induction; because one or more base entities with certain characteristics have an additional characteristic, we conclude that another entity with the initial set of characteristics also has the additional characteristic. Peirce, however, saw analogy as a combination of induction and abduction, which would both make the process of reasoning by analogy more complex and add the properties of abductive reasoning (for example, its lower security and higher uberty). Applying Peirce's framework to legal reasoning provides a powerful analytical device for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of analogical arguments. The paper also analyzes various writings on legal reasoning by analogy, using the framework sketched above.
Defining true bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci.

SIRIn a recent study of bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Herwaldt et al. [1] argue that because they used a strict definition of bacteremia, their data supersede previous findings in this area. However, problems with their definition of bacteremia preclude meaningful conclusions from the data. One flaw in this study is the use of the treating physician's response to the patient's illness as part of the definition of true bacteremia. If treating physicians are already thought to be reliable judges of true bacteremia, it is unclear why a study is needed to assist them in making this judgment. According to the study definition, a physician response that would indicate true bacteremia was institution of "appropriate treatment" (i.e., vancomycin therapy) for infection due to CNS. However, at many hospitals treatment with vancomycin has become the automatic response to fever from any source, irrespective of the presence of indwelling vascular catheters or neutropenia, and physicians commonly continue to administer vancomycin even when all cultures are negative or a pathogen other than CNS has been isolated (unpublished data). This practice should be condemned (as suggested in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance) [2] rather than accepted as prima facie evidence of true bacteremia if a blood culture happens to yield CNS. A second flaw in the study is the assumption that any time CNS are isolated from a patient who has signs, symptoms, or laboratory findings consistent with infection, such a finding represents true
Notes on the Geoglossaceae of Bermuda

The Geoglossaceae are well represented in Bermuda by some four genera and seven or eight species. The following notes are based on collections made over a period of seventy years. The earliest collection was that by H. N. Moseley, Naturalist of the British Challenger Expedition, in 1873. Berkeley (1, 2) published two lists of Bermuda fungi based on Moseley's collections which were later revised by M. C. Cooke and published by Hemsley (5). Only one species, Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. (recorded as Geoglossum hirsutum Pers.), was reported. Extensive collections of fungi were made both by Dr. B. 0. Dodge in 1911 and by Dr. F. J. Seaver in 1912. A list of these, together with some additional species collected by Dr. Stewardson Brown and Dr. N. L. Britton, was published by Seaver (6, 7). These collections added Geoglossum nigritum Cooke and Trichoglossum hirsutum f. Wrightii Durand to the list. The latter was raised to specific rank by Durand (4) after an examination of Bermuda material and named Trichoglossum Wrightii Durand. A further record, Geoglossum pumilum Winter, was added by Durand (4) and was later noted by Seaver (8). Further collections were made by H. H. Whetzel during the years 1921 and 1922, whilst acting as the first plant pathologist appointed to the Bermuda Department of Agriculture. Additional collecting was done by Lawrence Ogilvie, appointed plant pathologist in 1923, in cooperation with the junior author and with Dr. F. J. Seaver who revisited the Colony in 1926. Dr. Seaver revisited Bermuda on two further occasions during the autumns of 1938 and 1940 and, in company with the senior author, made further collections of fungi. Over thirty separate collections of Geoglossaceae are listed from Bermuda in the Herbarium of the Department of Plant
Study design in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Recent enthusiasm for clinical trials in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has resulted from both an increase in our understanding of the biology of CLL, and the availability of new and active cytotoxic drugs (e.g. 2'-deoxycoformycin [DCF]; fludarabine monophosphate [FAMP]) and the development of interesting biologic agents (e.g. IL-2). To best identify regimens worth pursuing in large scale clinical trials, uniform eligibility, response and toxicity criteria are essential. Standardization will facilitate comparison of results, ensure homogeneity of patient groups on clinical trials, and minimize the arbitrary nature of dose modifications. In 1987, an NCI-sponsored Working Group (NCI-WG) developed Guidelines for US clinical trials for CLL which included specific eligibility, response and toxicity criteria. These will be modified over time as more is learned about the disease. Trials are currently restricted to patients with active B-CLL. Although complete and partial response are carefully defined, alternative systems (e.g. stage shift for partial response) may be tested concurrently and definitions revised if warranted. Similarly, use of the modified Rai staging is encouraged, although other systems may also be studied and compared for clinical relevance. The U.S. Cooperative Oncology Groups and Cancer Centers are participating in a National CLL treatment program following the NCI-WG Guidelines. Phase I and II pilot trials of DCF and FAMP combined with each other or with conventional agents (e.g. FAMP + chlorambucil [CLB] + prednisone [P]; DCF + CLB + P; FAMP + P) are being conducted in previously treated patients. A collaborative phase III trial will compared the most promising regimens with "standard" chemotherapy in untreated patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neural Reactivity to Angry Faces Predicts Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety.

Although cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy are evidence-based treatments for pediatric anxiety, many youth with anxiety disorders fail to respond to these treatments. Given limitations of clinical measures in predicting treatment response, identifying neural predictors is timely. In this study, 35 anxious youth (ages 7–19 years) completed an emotional face-matching task during which the late positive potential (LPP), an event-related potential (ERP) component that indexes sustained attention towards emotional stimuli, was measured. Following the ERP measurement, youth received CBT or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment, and the LPP was examined as a predictor of treatment response. Findings indicated that, accounting for pre-treatment anxiety severity, neural reactivity to emotional faces predicted anxiety severity post- CBT and SSRI treatment such that enhanced electrocortical response to angry faces was associated with better treatment response. An enhanced LPP to angry faces may predict treatment response insofar as it may reflect greater emotion dysregulation or less avoidance and/or enhanced engagement with environmental stimuli in general, including with treatment.
Mortality of Lead Smelter Workers: A Follow-Up Study With Exposure Assessment

Background Lead exposure has been linked to impaired renal function and kidney failure. High lead exposures have been associated with increased mortality from certain cancers, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods We extended vital status follow-up on a cohort of 1,990 lead smelter workers by 25 years and computed standardized mortality ratios and rate ratios (RR) stratified by cumulative lead exposure. Results The update added 13,823 person-years at risk and 721 deaths. Increased risk of mortality was observed for the a priori outcomes of lung cancer, cardiovascular disease (including cerebrovascular disease), chronic kidney disease, and ALS. However, of these outcomes, only cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic kidney diseases were associated with a positive exposure-response in RR analyses. Conclusions This study reaffirms the association of lead exposure with cardiovascular and kidney diseases; however, increased mortality observed for certain cancers is not likely to be due to lead exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:979–986, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Surface-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly of bimodal polymer-grafted silica nanoparticles towards hybrid assemblies in one step

The first case of surface-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (SI-PISA) by polymerizing benzyl methacrylate from SiO2-g-(PHEMA, CPDB) in methanol is reported. Hybrid nano-objects with string-shaped morphologies were obtained in one step.
Social support and housing transitions among homeless adults with serious mental illness and substance use disorders.

Objective Research suggests that social supports are associated with housing retention among adults who have experienced homelessness. Yet, we know very little about the social support context in consumers find and retain housing. We examined the ways and identified the junctures in which consumers' skills and deficits in accessing and mobilizing social supports influenced their longitudinal housing status. Method We performed semi-structured qualitative interviews with VA Greater Los Angeles consumers (n = 19) with serious mental illness, substance use disorders, and a history of homelessness; interviews explored associations between longitudinal housing status (categorized as: stable, independent housing; sheltered housing, continually engaged in structured housing programs; and unstable housing) and social supports. We compared data from consumers in these 3 mutually exclusive categories. Results All participants described social support as important for finding and maintaining housing. However, participants used formal (provider/case managers) and informal (family/friends) supports in different ways. Participants in stable housing relied on formal and informal supports to obtain/maintain housing. Participants in sheltered housing primarily used formal supports, for example, case management staff. Unstably housed participants used formal and informal supports, but some of these relationships were superficial or of negative valence. Interpersonal problems were prevalent across longitudinal housing status categories. Conclusions and implications for practice Social context, including patterns of formal and informal support, was associated with participants' longitudinal housing status. Within interventions to end homelessness, these findings suggest the value of future research to identify, tailor, and implement practices that can help consumers improve their social resources. (PsycINFO Database Record
"Playing fans: Negotiating fandom and media in the digital age," by Paul Booth

Book review of Paul Booth, Playing fans: Negotiating fandom and media in the digital age. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2015, paperback, $45 (242p) ISBN 978-1609383190, e-book, $45, 978-1-60938-320-6.
ZambeziLand: A Canonical Theory and Agent-Based Model of Polity Cycling in the Zambezi Plateau, Southern Africa

The Zambezi plateau region in Southern Africa experienced the rise and fall of polities with different levels of inequality and complexity—known as cycling—for many centuries before the arrival of Europeans and the beginning of the region’s written history. We address the enduring research question of explaining politogenesis and polity cycling: the recurrent rise, fall, and abandonment of the earliest polities with monumental structures (such as massive stone-wall enclosures) called zimbabwes, built between ca. 1200 and 1450 CE. The agent-based model (ABM) presented here, called ZambeziLand, supports an explanation based on the Canonical Theory. In this theory, a succession of opportunities (situational changes) to engage in collective action by a community strengthens or weakens the complexity of the polity. The main finding from the ZambeziLand ABM simulation is that individual micro-level dynamics, driven by leadership and sentiments of loyalty to the community, can generate collective, macro-level behaviors observed in the archaeological record of the Zambezi Plateau.
Introduction: Nervous System as a Target Site of Pheromones and Insecticides

The chemistry of neurohormones and insecticides has achieved remarkable progress during the past decade or two. These chemicals act primarily on the nervous system of insects thereby exerting unique effects. Neurotoxicological studies have also made substantial progress recently. However, there has been virtually no chance for both chemists and neurotoxicologists to get together to exchange views. The time is ripe and this symposium is going to provide them with a unique forum to bring their current data together.
Surgical Anti-Reflux Options Beyond Fundoplication

This paper provides an overview of current and future surgical interventions available for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) beyond the well established and recognized fundoplication. Review the current indications and outcomes of these surgical procedures. Fundoplication has been a cornerstone of the surgical management of GERD. However, other effective surgical options exist and can be considered based on prior interventions as well as patient, anatomical or other factors. These options are intended to address some of the shortcomings or potential complications of fundoplication such as symptom recurrence, dysphagia, or gas bloating, for example. Alternative procedures to fundoplication include magnetic sphincter augmentation, electrical stimulation and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The indication for surgical management remains failure of or inability to tolerate medical therapy.
Psychiatric Comorbidities Are Associated with Increased Cost of Care and Healthcare Utilization in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients

Background: Cost of cancer care is projected to reach $173 billion by 2020, a 39% increase from 2010. Several factors including psychiatric (psych) comorbidities contribute to this increase. Within the oncology setting, 29-38% of the patients (pts) are reported to have mood disorders and 15% have major depression. Depression alone is associated with increased healthcare utilization in pts with breast, colon, lung and prostate cancers. A 2015 report noted that the presence of at least one psychiatric comorbidity in 300 Leukemia pts was associated with an extra $55,000 per pt in just one year. Similarly, in pts treated with systemic steroids, the incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders can be as high as 75%. However, no such data is available for MM, where more than 90% of pts are treated with steroids, likely increasing risk for mood problems and impacting treatment cost. As such, the aim of our study was to analyze the SEER-Medicare database for healthcare utilization trends and acute cost of care (cost incurred during 6 months after MM diagnosis) in MM pts with or without psych comorbidities. Methods: Pts diagnosed with MM between 1991-2010 with continuous Medicare coverage (1 year prior to diagnosis-date of death/end of 2012) were included. Pts were categorized as: MM with any psych disorder (MM+P), MM with depression (MM+D) and MM only. Presence of ³1 inpatient (ipt) or ³2 outpatient (opt) ICD9 diagnosis codes were used to assign pts to the psych categories. Within MM+P and MM+D groups were subdivided by presence of psych or depression diagnosis prior to MM (MM+P PRE or MM+D PRE). Medicare claims adjusted for inflation (2013) within the first 6 months (mth)/total MM care were summed by drug and total charges. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models (adjusted for age, year, sex, race, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index; CCI) were performed to determine associations with ipt, opt, and any emergency department (ED) charges after MM diagnosis. Associations between psych conditions prior to MM diagnosis and costs of care after MM diagnosis were assessed using univariate and multivariate proportional odds models. Results: The study population included 36,007 eligible MM pts with a median follow-up of 1.8 years. 15168 (42%) pts had a psych condition at any time (MM+P), while 9355 (26%) were diagnosed prior to MM diagnosis (MM+P PRE). Depression was present in 8421 pts (23%), 4546 (13%) of those occurring prior to MM diagnosis. In comparison to MM pts, MM+P and MM+D pts tended to be female, White, and had a higher CCI (all p Conclusion: Psych comorbidities are associated with significant increase in healthcare utilization and cost of care in MM pts and may contribute to higher MM-related complications. More research is needed to study whether a multidisciplinary approach to identify and manage MM pts with psych conditions may help mitigate these trends. Disclosures Ailawadhi: Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Amgen Inc: Consultancy; Takeda Oncology: Consultancy.