cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ordering of Cholesteric Mesophases by Linear Cellulosic Polymers

Studies of the effects of macromolecules on the optical properties of mesophases can delineate those features of the macromolecules which are important for stabilizing or destabilizing mesophases. Measurements of the variations of the cohesive energies of mesophases induced by added macromolecules can quantify the energetics of the intermolecular interactions and thereby direct the choice of additives appropriate to either process. Since the optical measurements are easier to carry out they can be used to screen candidates for thermodynamic evaluations when the latter are required.
Abstract TP264: MicroRNA-15a/16-1 Antagomir Ameliorates Ischemic Brain Injury in Experimental Stroke

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small endogenous RNA molecules that repress gene translation by hybridizing to 3’-UTRs of mRNAs. Accumulating evidence has shown that miRs play a critical regulatory role in th...
Coupled hydromechanical-fracture simulations of nonplanar three-dimensional hydraulic fracture propagation

Summary This paper presents an algorithm and a fully coupled hydromechanical-fracture formulation for the simulation of three-dimensional nonplanar hydraulic fracture propagation. The propagation algorithm automatically estimates the magnitude of time steps such that a regularized form of Irwin's criterion is satisfied along the predicted 3-D fracture front at every fracture propagation step. A generalized finite element method is used for the discretization of elasticity equations governing the deformation of the rock, and a finite element method is adopted for the solution of the fluid flow equation on the basis of Poiseuille's cubic law. Adaptive mesh refinement is used for discretization error control, leading to significantly fewer degrees of freedom than available nonadaptive methods. An efficient computational scheme to handle nonlinear time-dependent problems with adaptive mesh refinement is presented. Explicit fracture surface representations are used to avoid mapping of 3-D solutions between generalized finite element method meshes. Examples demonstrating the accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency of the proposed formulation, regularized Irwin's criterion, and propagation algorithm are presented.
A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Unilateral or Bilateral Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: Age- and Sex-Matched Cohort Study.

Background:A significant number of patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) have bilateral deformities and may require surgery for both hips.Purpose:To compare outcomes between patients who underwent bilateral hip arthroscopic surgery to a matched cohort of patients who underwent unilateral hip arthroscopic surgery.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A consecutive series of patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopic surgery for FAI by a single fellowship-trained surgeon from January 2012 to January 2014 and had a minimum follow-up of 2 years were evaluated. Patients who underwent staged bilateral hip arthroscopic surgery were identified and matched 1:2 to patients who underwent unilateral hip arthroscopic surgery based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Demographic, preoperative, and postoperative variables were compared between the groups.Results:Forty-three patients in the bilateral group were matched with 86 patients in the unilat...
Plasma sterols and depressive symptom severity in a population-based cohort.

Convergent evidence strongly suggests major depressive disorder is heterogeneous in its etiology and clinical characteristics. Depression biomarkers hold potential for identifying etiological subtypes, improving diagnostic accuracy, predicting treatment response, and personalization of treatment. Human plasma contains numerous sterols that have not been systematically studied. Changes in cholesterol concentrations have been implicated in suicide and depression, suggesting plasma sterols may be depression biomarkers. Here, we investigated associations between plasma levels of 34 sterols (measured by mass spectrometry) and scores on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS-SR16) scale in 3117 adult participants in the Dallas Heart Study, an ethnically diverse, population-based cohort. We built a random forest model using feature selection from a pool of 43 variables including demographics, general health indicators, and sterol concentrations. This model comprised 19 variables, 13 of which were sterol concentrations, and explained 15.5% of the variation in depressive symptoms. Desmosterol concentrations below the fifth percentile (1.9 ng/mL, OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.9) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms of at least moderate severity (QIDS-SR16 score ≥10.5). This is the first study reporting a novel association between plasma concentrations cholesterol precursors and depressive symptom severity.
The effects of radiation-induced soft errors on hardware implementations of object-tracking algorithms

Hardware implementations of Object-Tracking Algorithms, like most integrated circuits, are susceptible to radiation-induced soft errors. This work evaluated the reliability of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype for object-tracking algorithms via fault emulation experiments conducted at the register-transfer level (RTL). Faults were injected into the main sub-modules within the object-tracking system. The results show that RTL faults can cause observable errors in the system outputs. The level of degradation is related to the fault injection location as well as the type of fault. Under our worst-case experiment, the output error rate was more than 94% when using an overlap ratio of 0.8 as the threshold for erroneous tracking.
Pediatric Proximal Tibial Fractures with Vascular Compromise

Proximal tibia injuries in children range from benign green stick injuries to limb-threatening fracture dislocations. The unique anatomy of the pediatric ­physis guides the pattern of deformity with the force of the injury dictating the severity of the trauma. Goals of the treating physician include not only immediate fracture care but also an understanding of the long-term sequelae of this injury and how to manage subsequent limb deformity. Vascular injury, physeal injury, and ­nonorthopedic injuries all should be considered when treating pediatric proximal tibia fractures.
Economics of WTO plus: No to Conflict and Yes to Regionalism

Abstract. The paper makes a case for effective regionalism in South Asia by developing such conflict mitigation strategies between India and Pakistan that exploit their proximity to global trade. The welfare enhancing measures for nation states become more startling when they not only invest in institutional development but also become an active part of the global village with regionalism as a viable means to achieve this objective. Keywords. Trade, Institutions, Education, Regionalism, Conflict mitigation. JEL. F10, F15, F16.
Initial Experience Performing In-office Ultrasound-guided Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Under Local Anesthesia Using the PrecisionPoint Transperineal Access System.

Objective To describe our procedural technique and initial outcomes performing in-office transperineal prostate biopsies using the PrecisionPoint Transperineal Access System (Perineologic, Cumberland, MD). Patients and Methods Following institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed the records of men who underwent an in-office transperineal prostate biopsy using the PrecisionPoint device. Records were reviewed for baseline characteristics, biopsy results, and postbiopsy complications. Results Between January 4, 2017 and August 23, 2017, 43 men underwent an in-office transperineal prostate biopsy using the PrecisionPoint Transperineal Access System. Patients had a median serum prostate specific antigen level of 6.1 ng/mL (range 0.8-32.9). Of the 43 biopsies, 12 (27.9%) were performed for active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer and 31 (72.1%) were performed for cancer screening. Overall, 21 (48.8%) men were found to have prostate cancer. Among those on active surveillance, cancer was detected in 8 of 12 (66.7%) patients, with 2 of 12 (16.7%) found to have Gleason ≥3 + 4 = 7 prostate cancer. Additionally, cancer was detected in 13 of 31 (41.9%) patients undergoing a biopsy for prostate cancer screening, with 5 (16.1%) found to have Gleason ≥3 + 4 = 7 disease. In total, 3 (7.0%) patients experienced a postbiopsy complication: 2 (4.7%) with urinary retention and 1 (2.3%) with gross hematuria requiring catheterization. No patient experienced an infectious complication despite omission of periprocedural antibiotics in all cases. Conclusion The PrecisionPoint device allowed for the successful performance of in-office transperineal prostate biopsies under local anesthesia without the need for periprocedural antibiotics. We observed an acceptable cancer detection rate with no infectious complications.
Effects of N, N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression.

Depression and anxiety disorders are debilitating diseases resulting in substantial economic costs to society. Traditional antidepressants often take weeks to months to positively affect mood and are ineffective for about 30% of the population. Alternatives, such as ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic capable of producing hallucinations, and the psychoactive tisane ayahuasca, have shown great promise due to their fast-acting nature and effectiveness in treatment-resistant populations. Here, we investigate the effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), the principle hallucinogenic component of ayahuasca, in rodent behavioral assays relevant to anxiety and depression using adult, male, Sprague–Dawley rats. We find that while DMT elicits initial anxiogenic responses in several of these paradigms, its long-lasting effects tend to reduce anxiety by facilitating the extinction of cued fear memory. Furthermore, DMT reduces immobility in the forced swim test, which is a characteristic behavioral response induced by...
A Critical Review of Developmental Apraxia of Speech

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a critical review of developmental apraxia of speech (DAS). The subjects for studies on DAS present a wide variety of signs and symptoms. No single criterion has been used across studies to identify DAS. DAS is difficulty with volitional/imitative production of speech sounds and sequences. A child with DAS is understood to have normal vegetative function while impaired in his ability to produce skilled movements for speech because of a neurological impairment that occurred prior to the onset of speech. Several nonspeech characteristics of DAS that have been reported in the literature include neurological soft signs, volitional oral movement (nonspeech) skills, diadochokinetic rates, language, sensation, cognition, family history, sex, and prognosis. Nonspeech oral movements and diadochokinetic tasks are related and often are regarded as neurological soft signs
Green tea intake, folate pathway genotypes, and breast cancer risk: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

1924 Green tea and its major component (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been extensively studied for potential cancer preventive effects. Experimental studies have shown that EGCG may have antifolate activities and competitively inhibit the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. We hypothesized that if folate cycle inhibition is the mechanism for cancer preventive effects of EGCG, then the green tea effect on breast cancer risk would be stronger among women with low (below median level for the whole female cohort) vs. high folate intake and high- (sum of variant alleles is either zero or one) vs. low enzyme activity genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS), key regulatory enzymes in folate metabolism. We conducted a nested case-control study of breast cancer within the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort study of over 63,000 men and women, aged 45-74 years, enrolled during 1993-1998. The analysis involved 381 incident cases of breast cancer and 663 control women. We used logistic regression methods to examine the tea/folate/genotype associations with breast cancer, with adjustment for age at study enrollment, year of study enrollment, dialect group, level of education, body mass index, age when period became regular, number of live births, and black tea intake. Overall, there was no association between either green tea intake or MTHFR/TYMS genotypes and breast cancer risk. However, among women with low folate intake, weekly/daily vs. less frequent green tea intake was significantly associated with reduced breast cancer risk (odds ratio (OR)=0.45, 95% confidential interval (CI)=0.26-0.79). The comparable OR (95%CI) among women with high folate intake was 1.04 (0.72-1.51) (2-sided p for interaction=0.02). Similarly, among women possessing the high enzyme activity MTHFR/TYMS genotypes, weekly/daily vs. less frequent green tea intake was associated with a statistically significant decrease in breast cancer risk (OR=0.66, 95%CI=0.45-0.98), which, consistent with other reports, was even stronger among those who also had low dietary folate intake (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.22-0.89 vs. high dietary folate: OR=0.92, 95% CI=0.55-1.54). No statistically significant associations between weekly/daily vs. less frequent green tea intake and breast cancer risk were observed among women possessing the low enzyme activity MTHFR/TYMS genotypes, or when further stratified by dietary folate intake. Results were similar when folate intake was included as a covariate in the logistic regression model rather than as a stratifying variable. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic report of folate-EGCG interaction in carcinogenesis. Our findings suggest that folate cycle inhibition may be one mechanism through which green tea protects against breast cancer in humans.
Replication stress response deficiency (RSRD) and response to immune therapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

4566Background: Despite treatment advances with immune therapy (IO), advanced stage ccRCC still has poor prognosis, due in part to a lack of predictive biomarkers. Replication stress (RS) is a hall...
Effects of Muscarinic Acetylcholine m1 and m4 Receptor Blockade on Dyskinesia in the Hemi-Parkinsonian Rat.

Abstract Standard treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is L-DOPA, but with chronic administration the majority of patients develop L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Emerging evidence implicates the cholinergic system in PD and LID. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) are known to modulate movement and of late have been implicated as possible targets for LID. Therefore the current study investigated the role of M1 and M4 mAChRs in LID, on motor performance following L-DOPA treatment, and sought to identify brain sites through which these receptors were acting. We first administered M1R-preferring antagonist trihexyphenidyl (0, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or the M4R-preferring antagonist tropicamide (0, 10, and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) before L-DOPA, after which LID and motor performance were evaluated. Both compounds worsened and extended the time course of LID, while M1R blockade improved motor performance. We then evaluated the effects of tropicamide and trihexyphenidyl on dyskinesia induced by D1R agonist SKF81297 or D2R agonist quinpirole. Surprisingly, both M1R and M4R antagonists reduced D1R agonist-induced dyskinesia but not D2R agonist-induced dyskinesia, suggesting that mAChR blockade differentially affects MSN firing in the absence of postsynaptic DA. Finally, we evaluated effects of striatum- or PPN-targeted tropicamide microinfusion on LID and motor performance. Despite prior evidence, M4R blockade in either site alone did not affect the severity of LID via local striatal or PPN infusions. Taken together, these data suggest M4R as a promising therapeutic target for reducing LID using more selective compounds.
Synaptotagmin 17 controls neurite outgrowth and synaptic physiology via distinct cellular pathways.

The synaptotagmin (syt) proteins have been widely studied for their role in regulating fusion of intracellular vesicles with the plasma membrane. Here we report that syt-17, an unusual isoform of unknown function, plays no role in exocytosis, and instead plays multiple roles in intracellular membrane trafficking. Syt-17 is localized to the Golgi complex in hippocampal neurons, where it coordinates import of vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum to support neurite outgrowth and facilitate axon regrowth after injury. Further, we discovered a second pool of syt-17 on early endosomes in neurites. Loss of syt-17 disrupts endocytic trafficking, resulting in the accumulation of excess postsynaptic AMPA receptors and defective synaptic plasticity. Two distinct pools of syt-17 thus control two crucial, independent membrane trafficking pathways in neurons. Function of syt-17 appears to be one mechanism by which neurons have specialized their secretory and endosomal systems to support the demands of synaptic communication over sprawling neurite arbors. The functional role of synaptotagmin-17 (syt-17) has remained unanswered. In this study, authors demonstrate that syt-17 exists in two distinct pools in hippocampal neurons (Golgi complex and early endosomes), where it served two completely independent functions: controlling neurite outgrowth and synaptic physiology
Chemical Synthesis and Biological Application of Modified Oligonucleotides

RNA plays a myriad of roles in the body including the coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA oligonucleotides have garnered significant interest as therapeutics via antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNA strategies for the treatment of diseases ranging from hyperlipidemia, HCV, and others. Additionally, the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing strategy also relies on Cas9-associated RNA strands. However, RNA presents numerous challenges as both a synthetic target and a potential therapeutic. RNA is inherently unstable, difficult to deliver into cells, and potentially immunogenic by itself or upon modification. Despite these challenges, with the help of chemically modified oligonucleotides, multiple RNA-based drugs have been approved by the FDA. The progress is made possible due to the nature of chemically modified oligonucleotides bearing advantages of nuclease stability, stronger binding affinity, and some other unique properties. This review will focus on the chemical synthesis of RNA and its modified versions. How chemical modifications of the ribose units and of the phosphatediester backbone address the inherent issues with using native RNA for biological applications will be discussed along the way.
Slow-pathway visualization by using voltage-time relationship: A novel technique for identification and fluoroless ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

Background Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is treatable by catheter ablation. Advances in mapping-system technology permit fluoroless workflow during ablations. As national practice trends toward fluoroless approaches, easily obtained, reproducible methods of slow-pathway identification, and ablation become increasingly important. We present a novel method of slow-pathway identification and initial ablation results from this method. Methods and results We examined AVNRT ablations performed at our institution over a 12-month period. In these cases, the site of the slow pathway was predicted by latest activation in the inferior triangle of Koch during sinus rhythm. Ablation was performed in this region. Proximity of the predicted site to the successful ablation location, complication rates, and patient outcomes were recorded. Junctional rhythm was seen in 40/41 ablations (98%) at the predicted site (mean, 1.3 lesions and median, 1 lesion per case). One lesion was defined as 5 mm of ablation. The initial ablation was successful in 39/41 cases (95%); in two cases, greater or equal to 2 echo beats were detected after the initial ablation, necessitating further lesion expansion. In 8/41 cases (20%), greater than one lesion was placed during initial ablation before attempted reinduction. Complications included one transient heart block and one transient PR prolongation. During follow-up (median, day 51), one patient had lower-extremity deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus, and one had a lower-extremity superficial venous thrombosis. There was one tachycardia recurrence, which prompted a redo ablation. Conclusions Mapping-system detection of late-activation, low-amplitude voltage during sinus rhythm provides an objective, and fluoroless means of identifying the slow pathway in typical AVNRT.
Identified Deficits and Their Congruence to the IEP for Behaviorally Disordered Students.

Questionnaires were sent to the support personnel and teachers of a randomly selected, statewide sample of 632 behaviorally disordered students to examine the nature of the behavioral, social/emoti...
Mycosis Fungoides of the True Vocal Folds: A Case Report.

Objectives:To report a case of laryngeal involvement of mycosis fungoides and its symptomatic treatment with laser-assisted surgical ablation.Methods:Case report and literature review.Results:A 76-...
Redeveloping Informal Settlements in China, India, and Brazil

This chapter proposes an analytical framework to explain the variations in policy responses to informal settlements. I argue that the various policy initiatives are largely shaped by four factors—inter-governmental relations, electoral politics, municipal finance, and the capacity of the civil society. With examples from China, India, and Brazil, the chapter comparatively examines how these forces have produced distinct informal housing policies, such as urban village removal in Guangzhou, slum rehabilitation in Mumbai, and favela upgrading in Rio de Janeiro.
Value of Online-Offline Return Partnership to Offline Retailers

Problem Definition: This paper examines whether, and if so, how much an online-offline return partnership between online retailers and third-party retailers with physical stores (or, “location partners”) generates additional value to location partners. Academic/Practical Relevance: Online shoppers often prefer to return products to stores rather than mailing them back. Many online retailers have recently started to collaborate with location partners to offer the store return option to their customers, and we quantify its economic benefit to a location partner. Methodology: We analyze proprietary datasets from Happy Returns (which provides return services for over 30 online retailers) and one of its location partners, using a panel difference-in-differences (DID) model. In our study, a treatment is the initiation of the return service at each of the location partner’s stores, and an outcome is the store and online channel performance of the location partner. We then explore the mechanisms of underlying customer behavior that drive these outcomes. Results: We find that the partnership increases the number of unique customers, sales volume, and revenue in both store and online channels. We identify two drivers for this improved performance: (1) the location partner acquires new customers in both store and online channels, and (2) existing customers change their shopping patterns only in the store channel after using the return service; in particular, they visit stores more often, purchase more items, and generate higher revenue after their first return service. Managerial Implications: We provide the first, direct empirical evidence of value to location partners from a return partnership, and as these partnerships become more prevalent, our findings have important managerial implications for location partners and online retailers alike.
Experimental Investigation of Wing-on-Rotor Effect at Low Disk Loading and Reynolds Number

Hover performance and prediction for tiltrotor-like vehicles lack experimental data and computational models for rotor–wing interaction at low disk loading and low Reynolds number. An experimental ...
Does Long-Term Exposure To Robots Affect Mind Perception? An Exploratory Study

From cleaning houses to assisting airport passengers, robots are rapidly becoming an integral part of society. As they transition into a facet of the everyday environment, it’s important to underst...
Practice-Based Teacher Questioning Strategy Training with ELK: A Role-Playing Simulation for Eliciting Learner Knowledge

Practice is essential for learning. However, for many interpersonal skills, there often are not enough opportunities and venues for novices to repeatedly practice. Role-playing simulations offer a promising framework to advance practice-based professional training for complex communication skills, in fields such as teaching. In this work, we introduce ELK (Eliciting Learner Knowledge), a role-playing simulation system that helps K-12 teachers develop effective questioning strategies to elicit learners' prior knowledge. We evaluate ELK with 75 pre-service teachers through a mixed-method study. We find that teachers demonstrate a modest increase in effective questioning strategies and develop sympathy towards students after using ELK for 3 rounds. We implement a supplementary activity in ELK in which users evaluate transcripts generated from past role-play sessions. We have tentative evidence that a combination of role-play and evaluating conversation moves may be more effective for learning. We contribute design implications of using role-play systems for communication strategy training.
TGF-β: Many Paths to CD103+ CD8 T Cell Residency.

CD8 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells primarily reside in nonlymphoid tissues without recirculating and provide front-line protective immunity against infections and cancers. CD8 TRM cells can be generally divided into CD69+ CD103− TRM cells (referred to as CD103− TRM cells) and CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells (referred to as CD103+ TRM cells). TGF-β plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of tissue-specific activation of TGF-β mediated by integrins and how it contributes to CD103+ CD8 TRM cell development and maintenance. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying mechanisms utilized by TGF-β to regulate the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. Overall, this review highlights the importance of TGF-β in regulating this unique subset of memory CD8 T cells that may shed light on improving vaccine design to target this population.
Soft Minoration: Solution to Cover's Problem In the Original Discrete Memoryless Setting

In 1987, Cover raised a question about the minimum relay rate needed for achieving the maximum capacity in a symmetric discrete-memoryless relay channel. Despite the many efforts over the past and recent years, this problem was previously only solved for the binary symmetric case or the Gaussian counterpart, where arguments specialized to these particular channel distributions were used. In this paper, through different information-theoretic expansions highlighting the unique capacity-achieving output distribution, we demonstrate an interesting connection between Cover's problem and the minoration problem (i.e., lower bounding the supremum of a stochastic process) from high dimensional probability. In particular, we show that the minimum relay rate for maximum capacity in a general discrete memoryless symmetric relay channel is the conditional entropy of a certain equivalence class determined by the capacity-achieving output distribution, thus completely resolving Cover's original problem. On the probability part, the main innovation is a robust method of lower bounding a soft-max (soft-minoration), which is based on mixed-volume inequalities and estimates of the Banach-Mazur distance to subspaces of $\ell_{\infty}$ .
Shape-Based Transfer of Generic Skills

We propose a new, data-efficient approach for skill transfer to novel objects, accounting for known categorical shape variation. A low-dimensional shape representation embedding is learned from a set of deformations, sampled between known objects within a category. This latent representation is mapped to a set of control parameters that result in successful execution of a category-level skill on that object. This method generalizes a learned manipulation policy to unseen objects with few training examples. We demonstrate this approach on pouring from cups and scooping with spatulas, where there is complex, nonlinear variation of successful control parameters across objects.
Challenges in Screening and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis has been defined as a skeletal disease characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis can be diagnosed in the setting of a low trauma fracture. It is preferable to make a diagnosis of osteoporosis in a patient prior to the occurrence of fracture. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the standard of care for diagnosis of osteoporosis. There is general consensus for screening women 65 years and older. The National Osteoporosis Foundation guidelines recommend screening for: (1) women ≥65 years of age; (2) men ≥70 years of age; and (3) men and postmenopausal women ≥50 years of age with at least one risk factor for fracture. Risk factors include previous fracture, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, low body weight, family history of hip fracture, cigarette smoking, and excess alcohol intake. While vertebral fractures are the most common fragility fracture, the majority do not present with clinical symptoms. Identification of a previously undetected vertebral fracture can change the diagnostic classification of a patient and may guide the choice of initial therapy. Various guidelines recommend screening for vertebral fractures in older women and men, in patients with height loss, and in patients taking glucocorticoids.
Helpfulness-Guided Review Summarization

User-generated online reviews are an important information resource in people's everyday life. As the review volume grows explosively, the ability to automatically identify and summarize useful information from reviews becomes essential in providing analytic services in many review-based applications. While prior work on review summarization focused on different review perspectives (e.g. topics, opinions, sentiment, etc.), the helpfulness of reviews is an important informativeness indicator that has been less frequently explored. In this thesis, we investigate automatic review helpfulness prediction and exploit review helpfulness for review summarization in distinct review domains. We explore two paths for predicting review helpfulness in a general setting: one is by tailoring existing helpfulness prediction techniques to a new review domain; the other is by using a general representation of review content that reflects review helpfulness across domains. For the first one, we explore educational peer reviews and show how peer-review domain knowledge can be introduced to a helpfulness model developed for product reviews to improve prediction performance. For the second one, we characterize review language usage, content diversity and helpfulness-related topics with respect to different content sources using computational linguistic features. For review summarization, we propose to leverage user-provided helpfulness assessment during content selection in two ways: 1) using the review-level helpfulness ratings directly to filter out unhelpful reviews, 2) developing sentence-level helpfulness features via supervised topic modeling for sentence selection. As a demonstration, we implement our methods based on an extractive multi-document summarization framework and evaluate them in three user studies. Results show that our helpfulness-guided summarizers outperform the baseline in both human and automated evaluation for camera reviews and movie reviews. While for educational peer reviews, the preference for helpfulness depends on student writing performance and prior teaching experience.
Gene tree reconciliation: new developments in Bayesian concordance analysis with BUCKy

When phylogenetic trees inferred from different genes are incongruent, several methods are available to reconcile gene trees and extract the shared phylogenetic information from the sequence data. Bayesian Concordance Analysis, implemented in BUCKy, aims to extract the vertical signal and to infer clusters of genes that share the same tree topology. The new version of BUCKy includes a quartet-based estimate of the species tree with branch lengths in coalescent units.
Genome-tools: a flexible package for genome sequence analysis

Genome-tools is a Perl module, a set of programs, and a user interface that facilitates access to genome sequence information. The package is flexible, extensible, and designed to be accessible and...
Fatigue Properties of Cold-Rolled Sheet Steels

Fatigue characteristics of representative cold-rolled, high strength steels, in gases ranging from 0.072 in. (1.83 mm) to 0.055 in. (1.39 mm), were determined in fully reversed, axial strain cycling at amplitudes up to 0.01. Alloys were selected from three families of high strength steels: recovery annealed steels, conventional microalloyed steels-- nitrogenized steel and rephosphorized steel, and dual phase steel. Cold rolled low-carbon steel provided a comparative baseline. Cyclic stress-strain curves are presented to indicate the degree of cyclic stability achievable by various strengthening mechanisms while relative fatigue resistance is determined from strain-life curves. The implications of these behavioral trends to component down gaging are discussed.
Conformational analysis—XIII : Polycyclic arylmethanols☆☆☆

Abstract The chemical shifts of both the hydroxyl and methylene protons of polycyclic arylmethanols in DMSO as solvent have been determined. Eleven aryl methanois where the aryl group equals phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl and anthryl, have been studied. A good linear correlation of the chemical shifts of the methylene protons and the function Σ IR −3 has been established. Compounds of both 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl-type structure fall on the same correlation line. However, the correlation of the chemical shifts of the hydroxyl protons with Δ IR −3 is poor and indicates that the time average conformation of the compounds is a function of structure.
Diode Laser Spectrometers for Mid‐Infrared Spectroscopy

The sections in this article are Introduction The Source The Optical System Line Intensity and Line Shape Measurements Tunable Diode Laser Line Shape Absorption Line Profile A Brief Summary of Some Novel Applications of Tunable Diode Lasers
Interpreting Sloppy Stick Figures by Graph Rectification and Constraint-Based Matching

Programs for understanding hand-drawn sketches and diagrams must interpret curvilinear configurations that are sloppily drawn and highly variable in form. We propose a two-stage subgraph matching framework for sketch recognition that can accommodate great variability in form and yet provide efficient matching and easy extensibility to new configurations. First, a rectification stage corrects the initial data graph for the common deviations of each kind of constituent local configuration from its ideal form. The model graph is then matched directly to the data by a constraint-based subgraph matching process, without the need for complex error-tolerance. We explore the approach in the domain of human stick figures in diverse poses.
Infant Clothing Snaps as a Potential Source of Nickel Exposure

: Children’s clothes with metal snaps are a potential source of nickel exposure to consider in infants and very young children. Further more avoidance of this exposure may help prevent nickel sensitization.
100 Years of Frontal Sinus Surgery

The surgical treatment of chronic inflammatory frontal sinus disease over the past century has varied between intranasal and external procedures. There has been constant modification of these techniques; however, a single approach that will lead to relief of symptoms, eradication of disease with preservation of function, and a minimum of deformity has not yet been attained. The functional theory of sinus disease, the evolution of endoscopic techniques, and data provided by the computed tomography scan have renewed our interest in the anatomy of the lateral nasal wall and endonasal surgery. Extensive literature exists concerning the results of ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid endoscopic surgery. However, detailed information is not available on the treatment of inflammatory frontal sinusitis. The author presents the results of a retrospective analysis of a series of 101 patients with inflammatory frontal sinusitis who underwent endoscopic surgery that included the frontoethmoid complex. Results for improvement of symptoms as well as endoscopic findings are presented. Relief of symptoms was significant but did not correlate with postoperative endoscopic findings in patients with hyperplastic and polypoid sinusitis. Patients with anterior ethmoid cell encroachment on the frontal sinus outflow tract had a positive correlation between improvement of symptoms and postoperative endoscopic findings. Frontal recess stenosis was associated with a poor outcome. Anatomic obstruction of the frontonasal duct is most consistent with the functional theory of sinusitis.
K-5 Student Experiences in a Dance Residency: A Case Study.

ABSTRACT In this article, the collaborating authors, a researcher and dance artist, confront assumptions surrounding dance's experiential nature and assessment in schools. Presenting findings from a qualitative case study assessment of a three-week, whole-school dance artist-in-residence at a diverse and inclusive metropolitan K–5 school, the authors focus on assessing student experiences and calling attention to the socially and theoretically constructed nature of experience. Their assessment research findings yield rich insight into how dance experiences shaped through a complex interplay of both embodied and experiential and social and theoretical forces can illuminate students' complex thinking and abilities to represent knowledge. The implications of these findings provide direction for how to better understand, assess, and communicate students' dance and curricular knowledge that are made possible through arts experiences and arts assessments.
A tool for allocating periodic real-time tasks to a set of processors

Abstract We describe the design and implementation of a tool for applying rate-monotonic scheduling (RMS) technology in distributed environments that serve real-time applications. Our tool, DRMS, enables users to define sets of real-time tasks and the processors to which the tasks will be allocated. The tool finds allocations such that real-time constraints of the tasks are guaranteed. Several feasibility tests can be applied by users to evaluate the feasibility of task allocations. Users can vary the descriptions of tasks and processors so that DRMS is a practical tool for designers of real-time systems.
Comment on Social Marketing: Are We Fiddling While Rome Burns?

In “Social Marketing: Are We Fiddling While Rome Burns?” Goldberg urged university-based consumer psychologists to “take on some of the many social marketing issues that lie awaiting” (Goldberg, 1995, p. 367). He also urged us to focus on “upstream” rather than “downstream” issues (pp. 357–366), employ “micro-lab experimentation” (pp. 356–357), and enter the political arena to advance the implications of our work (pp. 366–367). It easy to agree that we should address social issues. Many do that now. It is not so easy to agree that we should focus on upstream rather than downstream issues or that micro-lab experimentation is the method of choice. It is very difficult to agree that we should enter the political arena where, as Goldberg acknowledged, “the adversaries are contending for power, not truth” (p. 366).
Relation of neuropathology with cognitive decline among older persons without dementia

Objective: Although it is now widely accepted that dementia has a long preclinical phase during which neuropathology accumulates and cognition declines, little is known about the relation of neuropathology with the longitudinal rate of change in cognition among older persons without dementia. We quantified the burden of the neuropathologies of the three most common causes of dementia (i.e., Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and Lewy body disease (LBD)) and examined their relation with cognitive decline in a large cohort of persons without dementia proximate to death. Methods: 467 deceased participants without dementia from two longitudinal clinical-pathologic studies, Rush Memory and Aging Project and Religious Orders Study, completed a mean of 7 annual evaluations including 17 cognitive tests. Neuropathologic examinations provided quantitative measures of AD (i.e., amyloid load, tangle density), CVD (i.e., macroscopic infarcts, microinfarcts), and neocortical Lewy bodies. Random coefficient models were used to examine the relation of the neuropathologies with rates of global cognitive decline as well as decline in 4 specific cognitive systems. Results: At autopsy, 82% of persons without dementia had amyloid, 100% had tangles, 29% had macroscopic infarcts, 25% had microinfarcts, and 6% had neocortical Lewy bodies. Global cognition declined a mean of 0.034 unit per year (SE=0.003, p<0.001). In separate analyses, amyloid, tangles (p-values<0.001) and neocortical Lewy bodies (p=0.015) were associated with an increased rate of global cognitive decline; macroscopic infarcts and microinfarcts were not. Further, when analyzed simultaneously, amyloid, tangles, and neocortical Lewy bodies remained associated with global cognitive decline (p- values<0.024). Finally, measures of AD were associated with decline in 3 of 4 systems, including episodic memory (i.e., tangles), semantic memory (i.e., amyloid and tangles), and working memory (i.e., amy
Bede and Cicero

A great weight of authority supports the view that Bede was averse to pagan rhetoric and had never read anything of its formative literature. I have briefly questioned this opinion elsewhere, and should like now to investigate it more fully. The evidence, of Bede's biblical commentaries in particular, suggests first, that his attitude toward Roman rhetoric was ambivalent, as was that of Augustine and Cicero; secondly, that his knowledge of it reached into the theory of invention; and finally, that he had access to Cicero's De inventione.
CRT-110 The Execution and Management of a Complex Clinical Trial

By providing evidence for best practice, randomized clinical trials play a critical role in shaping the care of the public. We report the operational management systems that enabled the successful execution of a landmark randomized clinical trial. We propose a model for managing high-enrolling,
Sporadic colorectal carcinoma microdissection: a novel laboratory technique to identify tumor suppressor genes1

Purpose: Multiple tumor suppressor genes have been found by loss of heterozygozity (LOH) analysis. Surgical samples are frequently contaminated with normal tissue elements, making molecular analysis with polymerase chain reaction–based techniques problematic to carry out and analyze accurately. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use a laser dissecting microscope to remove contaminating tissues, re-evaluate pathologic staging, and identify tumor suppressor genes after microdissection. This technique is sensitive but expensive, costing $50,000 to $75,000 for the microscope alone. Methods: At Roswell Park Cancer Institute, all colorectal tumors (CRC) are stored in a tumor data bank. The pathologist identified tumor tissue that was frozen in liquid nitrogen and archived it for research analyses. The remainder of the tissue was used for pathologic staging. Sixty-seven CRC were microdissected with a 15-blade scalpel, a 22-gauge needle, and an inverted dissecting microscope. Each tumor was weighed, placed in a cryogel, and cut into 30-μm shavings using a Cryostat machine. The tumors were kept at −24 C. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections were taken at the first, center, and last shavings and labeled A, B, and C, respectively. The shavings between A and B were collected into a Petri dish and those between B and C into a second dish. A pathologist analyzed the H&E slides. Invasive carcinoma was classified as H&E with greater than 95% invasive carcinoma. Results: Invasive carcinoma was found in 34 samples (51%) and villous adenoma in 17 (25%); 8 samples had less than 50% carcinoma and 8 contained no carcinoma. Conclusions: These results indicate that tumors should be microdissected and serially stained with H&E to give a representation of the carcinoma present through the tumor prior to any biologic analysis. This technique is inexpensive, sensitive, and specific. Furthermore, it allows picking the best shavings from AB or BC prior to any LOH investigation, which is crucial when looking for tumor suppressor genes. (Funded by National Institutes of Health Grant T32 CA09581.)
Nucleotide sequence of the trpD gene, encoding anthranilate synthetase component II of Escherichia coli.

Abstract We have completed the nucleotide sequence determination of trpD, the second structural gene of the tryptophan (trp) operon in Escherichia coli, which encodes anthranilate synthetase component II. This bifunctional protein carries the glutamine amidotransferase and phosphoribosyl-anthranilate transferase activities within the proximal one-third and the distal two-thirds of the polypeptide, respectively. The entire trpD gene consists of 1593 nucleotides encoding 531 amino acids; the sole tryptophan residue is located at position 189 of the amino acid sequence. Several sites predicted on the basis of genetic evidence have been localized within the sequence. These include a chi site for recombination at basepairs 654 to 661 and the trp-p2 promoter, located within a region from about 1400 to 1440 of the nucleotide sequence. The trpD sequence we present here completes the sequence determination of the entire trp operon of E. coli.
Will left-ventricular assist device therapy replace heart transplantation in the foreseeable future?

Purpose of review Implantation of circulatory assist devices as a permanent alternative to heart transplantation, so-called Destination Therapy, has become a promising new option for treatment of patients with advanced heart failure who are not candidates for heart transplantation. Recent findings The landmark REMATCH trial demonstrated that the implantation of left-ventricular assist devices is superior to any available medical therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure who are not eligible for transplantation. Summary Although the outcomes of device therapy are still limited by device durability and complications, the potential of Destination Therapy should continue to expand through the development of newer, smaller, and more innovative ventricular assist devices. This review discusses the current state of knowledge and future directions of Destination Therapy for end-stage heart failure.
The Function of Each Lung of Anesthetized and Paralyzed Man during Mechanical Ventilation

Intrapulmonary gas distribution of individual lungs was studied in five healthy anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated adult volunteers in the supine and both lateral decubitus positions. Comparison of the results with previous findings in conscious and spontaneously-breathing man indi
Index of norms and ratings published in the Psychonomic Society journals.

The journals of the Psychonomic Society have served as outlets for numerous stimulus norms and ratings. Such norms are useful to researchers in a variety of areas for manipulating and controlling stimulus attributes. This article presents an index of 142 norms published in the Society’s journals, categorized according to the types of materials and ratings that are included in each.