cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leveraging IT for Business Innovation: Does the Role of the CIO Matter?

1 The evolving role of Information Technology (IT) in business innovation places increasing emphasis on the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO). Yet, the role of the CIO in business innovation is understudied in the extant literature. Drawing on organizational theory of boundary spanning leadership, we posit that the CIO’s crossfunctional role pertaining to entities and functions outside the IT organization help explain the firm’s propensity for IT-enabled business innovation. Our large-sample empirical analysis of U.S. firms largely supports our theoretical propositions. We empirically find that IT-enabled business innovation is more likely when the CIO reports to the Chief Executive Officer, has more interactions with the firm’s customers, and is more involved in new product development. This study contributes to our collective understanding of the role of the CIO in IT-enabled business innovation and provides implications for practice. 1 This paper is a part of the first author’s doctoral dissertation. An earlier and abridged version of this paper appears in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), 2011.
Ductal Carcinoma in Situ Biomarkers in a Precision Medicine Era: Current and Future Molecular-Based Testing.

Historically, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been managed aggressively with surgery and radiotherapy because of a risk of progression to invasive ductal carcinoma. However, this treatment paradigm has been challenged by overtreatment concerns and evidence that suggests that DCIS can be stratified according to risk of recurrence or risk of progression to invasive disease. Traditional methods of risk stratification include histologic grade and hormone receptor status. Recent technological advancements have enabled an era of precision medicine, where DCIS can be molecularly analyzed by tools, such as next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing, to identify molecular biomarkers for risk stratification. These findings have led to the development of tools such as the Oncotype DX Breast DCIS Score, a gene expression–based assay with the potential to prevent overtreatment in low-risk disease.
Sparsity-based moving target localization using multiple dual-frequency radars under phase errors

In this paper, we consider moving target localization in urban environments using a multiplicity of dual-frequency radars. Dual-frequency radars offer the benefit of reduced complexity and fast computation time, thereby permitting real-time indoor target localization and tracking. The multiple radar units are deployed in a distributed system configuration, which provides robustness against target obscuration. We develop the dual-frequency signal model for the distributed radar system under phase errors and employ a joint sparse scene reconstruction and phase error correction technique to provide accurate target location and velocity estimates. Simulation results are provided that validate the performance of the proposed scheme under both full and reduced data volumes.
Clinical utility of mobile phone-based thermography and low-cost infrared handheld thermometry in high-risk diabetic foot

Literature is replete with robust studies documenting the potential clinical utility and net protective effect of the use of temperature assessment/inflammometry in high-risk diabetic foot. We present a mobile phone-based device (FLIR One Personal Thermal Imager, FLIR, Inc., Wilsonville, OR, USA) and a stand-alone handheld device (Nubee, Duarte California, USA) to provide simple, quantifiable images to assist in rapid clinical visualization. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript was to highlight the potential day-to-day application of these tools.
Phylogenetics of a small caddisfly genus (Thremmatidae: Oligophlebodes ): comparison among multiple hypotheses from DNA barcode data

Barcoding datasets can serve as a resource for species associations and delineations, but single-gene trees estimated by distance methods do not provide strong estimates of phylogeny. Using DNA data from the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD), we calculate a phylogenetic tree for Oligophlebodes (Trichoptera: Thremmatidae), a small genus of caddisfly endemic to the Western United States. Here we estimate a preliminary phylogeny for Oligophlebodes using Bayesian likelihood, and compare it to trees produced by distance and standard likelihood methods. Using the barcode region of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) gene, we analyzed 44 individuals representing five species (and 2 unknowns) and a sister-genus outgroup ( Neophylax ) from locations ranging from Southern New Mexico northwest into British Columbia. Partitioned Bayesian likelihood analysis under the F81 (1 st codon positions) and HKY80 + I + Γ (for both the 2 nd and 3 rd codon positions) model gave the consensus topology ( Neophylax toshi , ( O. sierra , ( O. ruthae inc. spc. 1 & 2, O. sigma, (spc. 3 & 4, ( O. ardis, O. minutus )))). Species identifications were supported by monophyly of most species-level taxa. However, confirmation of species identifications of unknowns was complicated by incomplete taxon sampling for spc. 1 & 2. Placement of spc. 3 & 4 may serve as support for taxonomic review of O. minutus . Compared with an existing published phylogeny of Oligophlebodes BOLD sequences constructed under RAxML, the Bayesian hypothesis had higher resolution at the basal node of Oligophlebodes . Because of their support values, both likelihood trees are recommended over the BOLD TaxonID tree (an unrooted neighbor joining tree using the Kimura 2-parameter model). The novel topology produced in the Bayesian tree supports further explorations by likelihood-based methods, including partitioned analyses, of our preliminary Oligophlebodes dataset that can be used as additional lines of evidence to support morphological work.
Navigating urban encounters: an infrastructural perspective on violence in Johannesburg’s taxi industry

The introduction of app-based ride-share services in Johannesburg, South Africa has provoked deadly clashes between meter-taxi and e-hailing drivers. While the extreme violence in the taxi industry...
Scanning electron microscopy of rediae, cercariae, metacercariae and adults of Mesorchis denticulatus (Rudolphi, 1802) (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae).

A detailed study of the surface topography of the echinostome digenean Mesorchis denticulatus (Rudolphi 1802) Dietz 1909 was carried out using the scanning electron microscope. The surface area of the redia is increased by microvilli, and ciliate sensory structures are common around the mouth. The cannibalistic behaviour of the rediae is demonstrated by rediae which have the posterior end and tail of extraredial cercariae protruding from the mouth. The partly devoured cercariae had occasionally — apparently as a defence reaction — covered their bodies with a thick layer of cystogenous material, which, however, does not protect them from being eaten. The surface area of the tegument of the youngest extraredial cercariae is increased by small microvilli or knobs with a presumed function in nutrient absorption. The knobs disappear when the cercariae are fully developed. Flattened spines occur peripherally in the suckers. Different types of ciliate structures are especially common anteriorly. The infective metacercariae, which occur in the gill filaments of euryhaline fishes, have conspicuous collar spines and smaller pointed spines occur on most of the body surface. The spines continue to grow in the experimental final host, chickens. The flattened spines of the oral sucker remain, whereas those of the ventral sucker disappear. The ventral area between the suckers is spineless.
Crystal structures of {1,1,1-tris-[(salicylaldimino)-meth-yl]ethane}-gallium as both a pyridine solvate and an aceto-nitrile 0.75-solvate and {1,1,1-tris[(salicylaldimino)-meth-yl]ethane}-indium di-chloro-methane solvate.

The sexa­dentate ligand 1,1,1-tris­[(salicyl­idene­amino)­meth­yl]ethane has been reported numerous times in its triply deprotonated form coordinated to transition metals and lanthanides, yet it has been rarely employed with main-group elements, including in substituted forms. Its structures with gallium and indium are reported as solvates, namely, ({[(2,2-bis­{[(2-oxido­benzyl­idene)amino-κ2N,O]meth­yl}prop­yl)imino]­meth­yl}phenololato-κ2N,O)gallium(III) pyridine monosolvate, [Ga(C26H24N3O3)]·C5H5N, the aceto­nitrile 0.75-solvate, [Ga(C26H24N3O3)]·0.75C2H3N, and ({[(2,2-bis­{[(2-oxido­benzyl­idene)amino-κ2N,O]meth­yl}prop­yl)imino]­meth­yl}phenololato-κ2N,O)indium(III) di­chloro­methane monosolvate, [In(C26H24N3O3)]·CH2Cl2. All three metal complexes are pseudo-octa­hedral and each structure contains multiple weak C—H⋯O and/or C—H⋯N inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding inter­actions. The syntheses and additional characterization in the forms of melting points, high-resolution mass spectra, infra-red (IR) spectra, and 1H and 13C NMR spectra are also reported.
Comparing the intra-tumoral distribution of Gemcitabine, 5-Fluorouracil, and Capecitabine in a murine model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Purpose To develop a technique to compare the intra-tumoral distribution of the drug gemcitabine, its surrogate [18F]-fluoroarabinocytosine ([18F]-FAC) and related chemotherapeutics 5-FU and capecitabine in a pre-clinical model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Experimental design Using a KPC-organoid derived model of PDAC, we obtained autoradiographic images of the tumor distribution of, [14C]-gemcitabine, [14C]-5-FU, [3H]-capecitabine. These were compared indirectly by co-administering [18F]-FAC, a close analog of gemcitabine with a proven equivalent intra-tumor distribution. The short half-life of 18F allows for clean separation of 3H/14C labeled drugs in specimens by dual isotope digital autoradiography. Autoradiographic images of [14C]-gemcitabine, [3H]-capecitabine and [14C]-5-FU were each correlated to [18F]-FAC on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The tumor drug penetration was compared using cumulative histograms. Results Gemcitabine distribution correlated strongly with FAC as expected. 5-FU also gave a similar microdistribution to that of FAC, whereas no correlation was found between capecitabine or its metabolic products and FAC distribution. Accumulation of Gemcitabine and 5-FU was lower in hypoxic regions of the tumor, whereas no such correlation was observed for capecitabine and its metabolites. Conclusions Gemcitabine and 5-FU target the same regions of the tumor, leaving hypoxic cells untreated. Capecitabine metabolites penetrate further into the tumor but it is yet to be determined whether these metabolites are the active form of the drug.
Tensile force transmitted through LFA-1 bonds mechanoregulate neutrophil inflammatory response

Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of acute inflammation is guided by spatial and temporal cues that ensure appropriate cell numbers infiltrate the tissue at precise locations to protect it from infection and initiate repair. On inflamed endothelium, neutrophil rolling via selectins elicits cytosolic calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stores that are synergistic with chemokine signaling to activate formation of high affinity (HA) LFA-1 bonds to ICAM-1, which is necessary to anchor cells against the drag force of blood flow. Bond tension on LFA-1 within the area of adhesive contact with endothelium elicits calcium entry through calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai-1) membrane channels that in turn activate neutrophil shape change and migration. We hypothesized that mechanotransduction via LFA-1 is mediated by assembly of a cytosolic molecular complex consisting of Kindlin-3, receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), and Orai1. Initiation of Ca2+ flux at sites of adhesive contact required a threshold level of shear stress and increased with the magnitude of bond tension transduced across as few as 200 HA LFA-1. A sequential mechanism triggered by force acting on LFA-1/Kindlin-3 precipitated dissociation of RACK1, which formed a concentration gradient above LFA-1 bond clusters. This directed translocation of ER proximal to Orai1, where binding of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1 and activation via stromal interaction molecule 1 elicited Ca flux and subsequent neutrophil shape change and motility. We conclude that neutrophils sense adhesive traction on LFA-1 bonds on a submicron scale to direct calcium influx, thereby ensuring sufficient shear stress of blood flow is present to trigger cell arrest and initiate transmigration at precise regions of vascular inflammation.
Glucosylation by the Legionella Effector SetA Promotes the Nuclear Localization of the Transcription Factor TFEB.

Summary Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that requires nutrients from the host for its replication. It has been shown that replicating L. pneumophila prefers amino acids as main sources of carbon and energy. The homeostasis of amino acids in eukaryotic cells is regulated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB), which translocates into the nucleus and activates genes for autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Here we show that the Legionella effector SetA causes a robust nuclear translocation of TFEB when exogenously expressed in mammalian cells and that the translocation is dependent on the glucosyltransferase activity of SetA. We further show that SetA directly glucosylates TFEB at multiple sites. Our findings of TFEB glucosylation by SetA may suggest an alternative strategy for exploiting host nutrients in addition to the control of host mTORC1 signaling by L. pneumophila. Our results provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of the delicate TFEB nuclear shuttling.
Palbociclib (PD-0332991) pharmacokinetics in subjects with impaired renal function

This publication describes an evaluation of the impact of different degrees of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of palbociclib after a single 125-mg oral dose. Thirty-one subjects were assigned to different renal function groups. Serial blood sampling for pharmacokinetics was performed up to 120 h and 168 h post-palbociclib dose for subjects with normal and impaired renal function, respectively. A separate blood sample was collected at pre-dose and 8 h after dosing to measure plasma protein binding. Plasma palbociclib was measured using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. Plasma protein binding samples were processed by equilibrium dialysis and measured by a validated LC–MS/MS method. Plasma palbociclib exposure was higher in subjects with renal impairment than in subjects with normal renal function; however, there were no marked differences in exposure across subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment. Total plasma exposure AUCinf increased by 39%, 42%, and 31% with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively, relative to subjects with normal renal function. Peak exposure Cmax increased by 17%, 12%, and 15% for mild, moderate, and severe impairment, respectively. There was no obvious trend in the mean fu with worsening renal function. The PBPK model adequately described palbociclib exposure observed in subjects with moderate or severe renal impairment from this study. Palbociclib was safe and well-tolerated in a small population of subjects with normal and impaired renal function after a single oral 125 mg dose. No dose adjustment is required in patients with renal impairment.
Design Thinking Applied in Higher Education: Exploring Participant Experiences

Higher Education is facing challenges that necessitate innovative problem-solving approaches. Design Thinking is an effective approach to address problems universities are facing. This exploratory study used a qualitative approach to survey individuals involved in the Design Thinking group and further explore their experiences participating in a Design Thinking project at a mid-sized university in the Midwest. For this study, the data was collected through open-ended questions, which were sent by email to participants with a link to a Qualtrics survey. The participants were chosen frommembers of campus community, who then formed a Design Thinking group. The findings criteria contain positive interaction, teamwork/collaboration, problem-solving, structure, facilitator and group size. Conclusions and future considerations that are discussed, comprise the importance of including student perspective, Design Thinking as a method for innovation to work towards solving problems in Higher Education as well as the importance of exploring participant experiences with Design Thinking.
No Butts on the Beach: Aquatic Toxicity of Cigarette Butt Leachate Chemicals.

Objectives Toxic pollutants leaching from littered cigarette butts (CB) raise environmental impact concerns. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is required to assess the environmental impacts of its tobacco regulatory actions per the US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Methods We determined the chemical constituents in CB leachate through analyses of 109 field-collected CB and literature compilation and characterized their ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms. Results One-third of the 98 identified CB leachate chemicals were very toxic and 10% were toxic to aquatic organisms due to acute and chronic toxicity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, phthalates, nicotine and volatile organic compounds were the most hazardous CB leachate chemicals for aquatic organisms. Of the 98 CB leachate chemicals, 25 are included in FDA's list of harmful or potentially harmful constituents in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. Conclusions Our study quantifies CB leachate constituents, characterizes their ecological hazard and identifies chemicals of concern. Thus, it aids in evaluating the environmental impacts of tobacco products per NEPA requirements. These results provide important information for strategies to prevent and reduce CB litter (eg, awareness programs, litter laws enforcement), thereby reducing environmental hazards from CB toxicants.
First Principle Defect Analysis in 150 µm 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layer Schottky Barrier Detectors

High resolution Schottky barrier detectors (SBDs) were fabricated on 150 µm thick 4H-SiC epilayers using a proprietary device design. Electrical properties of the SBD junctions were characterized by temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V- T) measurements which showed ultra-low leakage current densities lower than 100 pA cm−2at -150 V and remained below 1 µ A.cm−2 even at 600K. Electrically active deep levels present in the epilayers were identified and characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) which showed the presence of three deep levels - Ti(c), Z 1/2 and EH 6/7 - with low concentrations (~1011 cm−3). The energy levels were investigated theoretically by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on intrinsic vacancies and titanium point defects. Pulse height spectra (PHS) were collected using a 241Am alpha source and a percentage energy resolution of 0.55% at 5486 keV was obtained. Further analysis of the forward bias I-V- T showed an improvement in ideality factor and barrier height at elevated temperature revealing the improvement of detection performance at higher temperature.
Incidence and Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disease

Understanding the incidence and prevalence of disease is paramount in understanding its broad impact on the healthcare system both in the United States and globally. The epidemiologic burden of musculoskeletal disease poses a significant economic impact on the healthcare system, those who pay for it, and those who lose wages because of it. However, prior to the turn of the twenty-first century, large deficiencies were identified in musculoskeletal medicine education. To combat this trend, the Musculoskeletal Medical Student Educators’ Workshop, a multidisciplinary conglomerate, identified key competencies expected of all graduating students. Once implemented by medical schools, students were found to be more competent and more confident in evaluating musculoskeletal conditions. With musculoskeletal disease continuing to pose a significant and increasing socioeconomic burden, it is imperative for the developing medical student to reach a competency in musculoskeletal medicine.
Geometrical variations of two manganese(II) complexes with closely related quinoline-based tripodal ligands.

Structural analyses of the compounds di-μ-acetato-κ4O:O′-bis­{[2-meth­oxy-N,N-bis­(quinolin-2-ylmeth­yl)ethanamine-κ4N,N′,N′′,O]manganese(II)} bis­(tetra­phen­yl­borate) di­chloro­methane 1.45-solvate, [Mn2(C23O2)2(C23H23N3O)2](C24H20B)·1.45CH2Cl2 or [Mn(DQMEA)(μ-OAc)2Mn(DQMEA)](BPh4)2·1.45CH2Cl2 or [1](BPh4)2·1.45CH2Cl2, and (acetato-κO)[2-hy­droxy-N,N-bis(quinolin-2-ylmeth­yl)ethanamine-κ4N,N′,N′′,O](methanol-κO)manganese(II) tetra­phenyl­borate methanol monosolvate, [Mn(CH3COO)(C22H21N3O)(CH3OH)](C24H20B)·CH3OH or [Mn(DQEA)(OAc)(CH3OH)]BPh4·CH3OH or [2]BPh4·CH3OH, by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveal distinct differences in the geometry of coordination of the tripodal DQEA and DQMEA ligands to MnII ions. In the asymmetric unit, compound [1](BPh4)2·(CH2Cl2)1.45 crystallizes as a dimer in which each manganese(II) center is coordinated by the central amine nitro­gen, the nitro­gen atom of each quinoline group, and the meth­oxy-oxygen of the tetra­dentate DQMEA ligand, and two bridging-acetate oxygen atoms. The symmetric MnII centers have a distorted, octa­hedral geometry in which the quinoline nitro­gen atoms are trans to each other resulting in co-planarity of the quinoline rings. For each MnII center, a coordinated acetate oxygen participates in C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions with the two quinolyl moieties, further stabilizing the trans structure. Within the crystal, weak π–π stacking inter­actions and inter­molecular cation–anion inter­actions stabilize the crystal packing. In the asymmetric unit, compound [2]BPh4·CH3OH crystallizes as a monomer in which the manganese(II) ion is coordinated to the central nitro­gen, the nitro­gen atom of each quinoline group, and the alcohol oxygen of the tetra­dentate DQEA ligand, an oxygen atom of OAc, and the oxygen atom of a methanol ligand. The geometry of the MnII center in [2]BPh4·CH3OH is also a distorted octa­hedron, but the quinoline nitro­gen atoms are cis to each other in this structure. Hydrogen bonding between the acetate oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (O—H⋯O) and quinolyl (C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O) moieties of the DQEA ligand stabilize the complex in this cis configuration. Within the crystal, dimerization of complexes occurs by the formation of a pair of inter­molecular O3—H3⋯O2 hydrogen bonds between the coordinated hydroxyl oxygen of the DQEA ligand of one complex and an acetate oxygen of another. Additional hydrogen-bonding and inter­molecular cation–anion inter­actions contribute to the crystal packing.
Voiding function after sacrocolpopexy versus native tissue transvaginal repair for apical pelvic organ prolapse in an ERAS era: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to compare time to return of voiding function and associated complications in women undergoing minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (SCP) versus transvaginal native tissue repair in patients with same-day or early discharge. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care center. The electronic medical record system was queried for women who underwent native tissue vaginal repair or SCP for apical prolapse between March and December 2020 using CPT codes for sacrocolpopexy (57425), extraperitoneal (57282), and intraperitoneal colpopexy (57283). Voiding success was our primary outcome and was defined by a postvoid residual < 150 ml. Secondary outcomes included catheter days and urinary tract infections. The total number of participants was based on a power calculation using internal institutional rates. Participants were compared based on the surgical approach. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess for confounding factors. RESULTS We included 134 women: 63 SCP and 71 native tissue. The failure rate of the first postoperative voiding trial was 34 vs. 11% (odds ratio: 4.91; 95% CI 1.96-12.3, p < 0.01) in the vaginal and SCP groups, respectively. Both groups had a similar success rate of a second voiding trial (100% in SCP group vs. 95.7% in the vaginal repair group, p = 1). The total number of days (3.108 vs. 1.603 days, p < 0.01) to return of bladder function, postoperative urinary tract infections (23.9 vs. 6.35%, p < 0.01) and emergency department visits (15.5 vs. 1.59%, p < 0.01) were all higher in the vaginal repair group. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal apical native tissue repair had a fivefold greater risk of acute postoperative urinary retention compared to sacrocolpopexy in addition to increased rates of post-operative urinary tract infection and emergency department visits for urinary tract concerns.
Futurological fodder: on communicating the relationship between artificial intelligence, robotics, and employment

This article examines the debate concerning the employment implications of the so-called ‘Fourth Industrial Revolution’ (FIR) or the increasing presence of artificial intelligence and robotics in w...
Losing Years Doing Time: Incarceration Exposure and Accelerated Biological Aging among African American Adults.

Research suggests that incarceration exposure increases the prevalence of morbidity and premature mortality. This work is only beginning to examine whether the stressors of the incarceration experi...
Tennis Elbow: Blood and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injections

Lateral epicondylitis is a common musculoskeletal problem that lacks a reliable therapy with consistent results. For the difficult cohort of patients that remain symptomatic despite conservative treatments, injections offer an important minimally invasive option prior to surgery.
TU-CD-BRA-04: Evaluation of An Atlas-Based Segmentation Method for Prostate and Peripheral Zone Regions On MRI

Purpose: Prostate MRI plays an important role in diagnosis, biopsy guidance, and therapy planning for prostate cancer. Prostate MRI contours can be used to aid in image fusion for ultrasound biopsy guidance and delivery of radiation. Our goal in this study is to evaluate an automatic atlas-based segmentation method for generating prostate and peripheral zone (PZ) contours on MRI. Methods: T2-weighted MRIs were acquired on 3T-Discovery MR750 System (GE, Milwaukee). The Volumes of Interest (VOIs): prostate and PZ were outlined by an expert radiation oncologist and used to create an atlas library for atlas-based segmentation. The atlas-segmentation accuracy was evaluated using a leave-one-out analysis. The method involved automatically finding the atlas subject that best matched the test subject followed by a normalized intensity-based free-form deformable registration of the atlas subject to the test subject. The prostate and PZ contours were transformed to the test subject using the same deformation. For each test subject the three best matches were used and the final contour was combined using Majority Vote. The atlas-segmentation process was fully automatic. Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) and mean Hausdorff values were used for comparison. Results: VOIs contours were available for 28 subjects. For the prostate, the atlas-based segmentation method resulted in an average DSC of 0.88+/−0.08 and a mean Hausdorff distance of 1.1+/−0.9mm. The number of patients (#) in DSC ranges are as follows: 0.60–0.69(1), 0.70–0.79(2), 0.80–0.89(13), >0.89(11). For the PZ, the average DSC was 0.72+/−0.17 and average Hausdorff of 0.9+/−0.9mm. The number of patients (#) in DSC ranges are as follows: 0.89(1). Conclusion: The MRI atlas-based segmentation method achieved good results for both the whole prostate and PZ compared to expert defined VOIs. The technique is fast, fully automatic, and has the potential to provide significant time savings for prostate VOI definition. AS Nelson and J Piper are partial owners of MIM Software, Inc. AS Nelson, J Piper, K Curry, and A Swallen are current employees at MIM Software, Inc.
Chemometric Approach to Chiral Recognition Using Molecular Spectroscopy

Discrimination of enantiomers by means of a chiral auxiliary can be combined with ordinary molecular spectroscopy and regression modeling to provide a rapid spectroscopic method for the determination of enantiomeric composition of unknown samples. This technique is known as chiral analysis by regression modeling of spectral data (CARMSD). This article describes the basic principles of regression modeling and how regression modeling can be used with ordinary spectroscopic data to produce robust regression models that can predict the enantiomeric composition of unknown samples solely on the basis of their spectral signatures. A major advantage of CARMSD is that prior separation of the enantiomers is not a requirement.
Development of the chicken intestinal epithelium.

Publisher Summary The brush border (BB) that constitutes the apical domain of the terminally differentiated absorptive cells is elaborated, by fine, finger-like projections termed microvilli. This modification allows the cell to efficiently perform its primary function of absorption and terminal digestion of nutrients. In addition to absorption, the plasma membrane of the microvilli contains many hydrolases and transporter molecules that aid in the terminal digestion of nutrients. These enzymes have turned out to be excellent markers for differentiation. The BB cytoskeleton is a rich source of a multitude of cytoskeleton proteins. The interaction of these proteins with one another has provided with a generalized blueprint of the architecture of the cell. The information obtained, far on the interactions of cytoskeleton proteins, has given an insight into how the cell might regulate its cytoskeleton under differing conditions.
Visual Style in the “Golden Age” Anthology Drama: The Case of CBS

Despite the centrality of a “Golden Age” of live anthology drama to most histories of American television, the aesthetics of this format are widely misunderstood. The anthology drama has been assumed by scholars to be consonant with a critical discourse that valued realism, intimacy and an unremarkable, self-effacing, functional style—or perhaps even an “anti-style.” A close analysis of non-canonical episodes of anthology drama, however, reveals a distinctive style based on long takes, mobile framing and staging in depth. One variation of this style, associated with the CBS network, flaunted a virtuosic use of ensemble staging, moving camera and attention-grabbing pictorial effects. The author examines several episodes in detail, demonstrating how the techniques associated with the CBS style can serve expressive and decorative functions. The sources of this style include the technological limitations of live-television production, networks’ broader aesthetic goals, the seminal producer Worthington Miner and contemporaneous American cinematic styles.
An Optimal Algorithm for Finding NCA on Pure Pointer Machines

We present a simple, arithmetic-free, efficient scheme to compress trees maintaining the nearest common ancestor (NCA) information. We use this compression scheme to provide an O(n + q lg lg n) solution for solving the NCA problem on Pure Pointer Machines (PPMs) (i.e., pointer machines with no arithmetic capabilities) in both the static and dynamic case, where n is the number of add-leaf/delete operations and q is the number of NCA queries. This solution is optimal.
Portuguese Conceptual Categories and the

This article demonstrates some of the conceptual limitations of the "Other" in the analysis of cross-cultural encounters by interrogating early modern Portuguese ideas about Swahili-speakers. Portuguese authors imagined Muslims of the East African coast as "after our fashion," and the intimate, though conflicted, relationships that developed between these two groups illustrate the legacies of such perceptions. The essay challenges the notion that Luso-Swahili relations were entirely antagonistic and suggests, instead, that Portuguese interpretations of Swahili-speakers as familiar allowed some East Africans to maintain, and even further, their commercial and political interests. Since Portuguese administrators in East Africa became dependent on the Swahili as a result of the conceptual categories they employed, we should more closely scrutinize the role and legacies of preconceptions in cross-cultural interaction.
Electrochemical and hydrodynamic interferences on the performance of an oxygen microsensor with built-in electrochemical microactuator

An in situ self-diagnostic technique for a dissolved oxygen microsensor is proposed in an effort to devise an intelligent microsensor system with an integrated electro-chemical actuation electrode. With a built-in platinum microelectrode that surrounds the microsensor, two kinds of microenvironments (oxygen-saturated or oxygen-depleted phases) can be created by water electrolysis depending on the polarity. The functionality of the microsensor can be checked during these microenvironment phases. The polarographic oxygen microsensor is fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate (Kapton/sup /spl reg//) and the influences of electrochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on the sensor responses have been investigated.
Recloser allocation and placement for rural distribution systems

Recloser allocation and placement for a rural distribution system is investigated using a hierarchical framework. This paper proposed a high level recloser allocation scheme in addition to the low level recloser placement. Allocating reclosers to certain feeders without knowing the the exact circuit topology would be more efficient and desirable for the planning of utility companies. While the allocation scheme focused on minimizing SAIFI in this paper, other objectives and constraints can be included and formulated similarly. The allocation and placement is demonstrated on the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS).
Lymph node content of supraclavicular and thoracodorsal-based axillary flaps for vascularized lymph node transfer.

Objective Microvascular transfer of lymph node flaps has recently gained popularity as a treatment for secondary lymphedema often occurring after axillary, groin, or pelvic lymph node dissections. This study aimed to delineate the lymph node contents and pedicle characteristics of the supraclavicular (SC) and thoracodorsal (TD)-based axillary flaps as well as to compare lymph node quantification of surgeon vs pathologist. Methods SC and TD flaps were dissected from fresh female cadavers. The surgeon assessed pedicle characteristics, lymph node content, and anatomy. A pathologist assessed all flaps for gross and microscopic lymph node contents. The κ statistic was used to compare surgeon and pathologist. Results Ten SC flaps and 10 TD flaps were harvested and quantified. In comparing the SC and TD flaps, there were no statistical differences between artery diameter (3.1 vs 3.2 mm; P = .75) and vein diameter (2.8 vs 3.5 mm; P = .24). The TD flap did have a significantly longer pedicle than the SC flap (4.2 vs 3.2 cm; P = .03). The TD flap was found to be significantly heavier than the SC flap (17.0 ± 4.8 vs 12.9 ± 3.3 g; P = .04). Gross lymph node quantity was similar in the SC and TD flaps (2.5 ± 1.7 vs 1.8 ± 1.2; P = .33). There was good agreement between the surgeon and pathologist in detecting gross lymph nodes in the flaps (SC κ = 0.87, TD κ = 0.61). Conclusions The SC and TD flaps have similar lymph node quantity, but the SC flap has higher lymphatic density. A surgeon's estimation of lymph node quantity is reliable and has been verified in this study by comparison to a pathologist's examination.
Sleep deprivation and adverse health effects in United States Coast Guard responders to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

Abstract Objective Disaster responders are increasingly called upon to assist in various natural and manmade disasters. A critical safety concern for this population is sleep deprivation; however, there are limited published data regarding sleep deprivation and disaster responder safety. Design We expanded upon a cross-sectional study of 2695 United States Coast Guard personnel who responded to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Data were collected via survey on self-reported timing and location of deployment, missions performed, health effects, medical treatment sought, average nightly sleep, and other lifestyle variables. We created a 4-level sleep deprivation metric based on both average nightly reported sleep (≤ 5 hours; > 5 hours) and length of deployment (≤ 2 weeks; > 2 weeks) to examine the association between sustained sleep deprivation and illnesses, injuries, and symptoms using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results The strongest, statistically significant positive ORs for the highest sleep deprivation category compared with the least sleep-deprived category were for mental health and neurologic effects, specifically depression (OR = 6.76), difficulty concentrating (OR = 8.33), and confusion (OR = 11.34), and for dehydration (OR = 9.0). Injuries most strongly associated with sleep deprivation were twists, sprains, and strains (OR = 6.20). Most health outcomes evaluated had monotonically increasing ORs with increasing sleep deprivation, and P tests for trend were statistically significant. Conclusion Agencies deploying disaster responders should understand the risks incurred to their personnel by sustained sleep deprivation. Improved planning of response efforts to disasters can reduce the potential for sleep deprivation and lead to decreased morbidity in disaster responders.
The effect of prey availability on offspring survival depends on maternal food resources

Maternal nutrition can strongly influence embryo development and offspring fitness. The environmental matching hypothesis posits that developmental conditions affect offspring in ways that enable them to appropriately deal with similar post-developmental conditions, although mismatches between developmental and post-developmental environments will reduce fitness. To test this hypothesis, reproductive lizards (Anolis sagrei) were reared in environments with high versus low prey availability. The resultant offspring were then reared reciprocally under the same two prey conditions that their mothers experienced. High levels of prey available to mothers increased egg production, although the survival of eggs was low compared to those produced by mothers in the low-prey treatment. Low prey availability to offspring reduced growth, regardless of the amount of prey available to their mothers. Low prey availability also compromised offspring survival, although this negative effect was only present when mothers experienced high-prey conditions, whereas matching of low-prey conditions in maternal and offspring stages resulted in high survival. However, because the mismatch of low maternal and high offspring prey availability resulted in similar offspring survival to the matched treatments, our results do not fully support the environmental matching hypothesis. Nevertheless, the present study highlights the interactive role of maternal and post-hatching environments in generating variation in offspring fitness. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115, 437–447.
Time–Intensity Methods

Perception of aroma, taste, flavor, and texture in foods is a dynamic, not a static, phenomenon. In other words, the perceived intensity of the sensory attributes change from moment to moment. The dynamic nature of foods arises from processes of chewing, breathing, salivation, tongue movements, and swallowing (Dijksterhuis, 1996). In the Texture Profile method, for instance, different phases of food breakdown were recognized early on, as evidenced by the separation of characteristics into first bite, mastication, and residual phases (Brandt et al., 1963). Wine tasters often discuss how a wine “opens in the glass,” recognizing that the flavor will vary as a function of time since opening the bottle and exposing the wine to air. It is widely believed that the consumer acceptability of different intensive sweeteners depends on the similarity of their time profile to that of sucrose. Intensive sweeteners with too long a duration in the mouth may be less pleasant to consumers. Conversely, a chewing gum with long-lasting flavor or a wine with a “long finish” may be desirable. These examples demonstrate how the time profile of a food or beverage can be an important aspect of its sensory appeal.
RGD: A comparative genomics platform

The Rat Genome Database (RGD) (http://rgd.mcw.edu) provides a comprehensive platform for comparative genomics and genetics research. RGD houses gene, QTL and polymorphic marker data for rat, mouse and human and provides easy access to data through sophisticated searches, disease portals, interactive pathway diagrams and rat and human genome browsers.
The National Children's Study. Abstracts of the National Children's Study research day 2011

The following are selected abstracts from the National Children’s Study (NCS) Research Day at NIH held August 24, 2011on the Bethesda campus of the National Institutes of Health. The goal of the NCS is to improve the health and well-being of children. The study will examine the role of genomics and the environment broadly defined (biological, chemical, physical, and psycho-social cultural), and their impacts on the health and development of children, following 100,000 participants from before birth until age 21 years. It is the largest longitudinal observational study of children ever undertaken in the United States. The purpose of NCS Research Day was to engage the NIH community and the public, display the Study’s preliminary data, and stimulate collaboration. Much of the research presented was initiated to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of either new ‘‘instruments’’ needed to standardize data collection or real time analysis of selected variables. Subject domains and titles of all the NCS Research Day Posters were distributed and broadcasts of the Plenary Sessions were available via NIH Videocast. The abstracts were selected based on their innovativeness and relevance to the fields of medical genetics and clinical teratology.
Smith-Petersen osteotomy in thoracolumbar deformity surgery.

Objective To describe the technique and indications of a Smith-Petersen osteotomy in spinal deformity surgery. Methods Pertinent literature was reviewed to describe the indications and reported complications of this corrective technique. Results The operative nuances of the technique are described. Conclusion A Smith-Petersen osteotomy is a safe and effective surgical technique to obtain correction of spinal deformity in both the sagittal and coronal planes.
A Minisurvey of X-Ray Point Sources in Starburst and Nonstarburst Galaxies

We present a comparison of X-ray point-source luminosity functions of three starburst galaxies (the Antennae, M82, and NGC 253) and four nonstarburst spiral galaxies (NGC 3184, NGC 1291, M83, and IC 5332). We find that the luminosity functions of the starbursts are flatter than those of the spiral galaxies; the starbursts have relatively more sources at high luminosities. This trend extends to early-type galaxies that have steeper luminosity functions than spirals. We show that the luminosity function slope is correlated with 60 ?m luminosity, a measure of star formation. We suggest that the difference in luminosity functions is related to the age of the X-ray binary populations, and we present a simple model that highlights how the shape of the luminosity distribution is affected by the age of the underlying X-ray binary population.
Preparation and reactions of p‐cyanostyrene–styrene copolymers

Copolymers of p-cyanostyrene and styrene were prepared by heating p-iodostyrenestyrene copolymers with cuprous cyanide in N-methylpyrrolidinone. The p-cyanostyrene copolymers could not be hydrolyzed to the benzoic acid derivative but were converted to the methyl p-vinylbenzoate-styrene copolymer by reaction with methanol and hydrogen chloride. This methyl ester copolymer was partially hydrolyzed to the free acid. A p-cyanostyrene(11%)-styrene copolymer was treated with n-butyl and methyl Grignard reagents to yield the corresponding n-butyl- and methyl-p-styryl-ketone copolymers. In the reaction with n-butylmagnesium chloride, the intermediate n-butyl-p-styrylketimine copolymer was isolated.
GLOBAL T WAVE INVERSION

Abstract Because global T wave inversion has not been specifically characterized, 100 electrocardiograms (ECGs) with this pattern (frontal plane T vector −100 ° to −170 ° with precordial T inversion) were prospectively collected from approximately 30,000 consecutively interpreted ECGs and analysed blindly. There was a striking female predominance (82 women vs. 18 men: p There was a single statistically significant ECG correlate: a more vertical QRS axis in women ( + 14.1 ° ± 45.3 ° vs. −5.6 ° ±31.3 °; p = 0.034). The T waves were basically symmetric (68%), the influence of this factor usually altering the characteristically asymmetric T wave inversions of right bundle branch block (4 of 5) and left ventricular hypertrophy (21 of 36). Asymmetry was mainly associated with digoxin therapy (21 of 32 patients taking digoxin; p ≤ 0.0005) and a corrected QT (QTc) interval (0.433 ± 0.095) shorter than with symmetric T wave inversions (0.507 ± 0.074; p ≤ 0.0005) though not reaching the degree of shortening expected for digitalization. Twenty-eight patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction and 23 for a central nervous system disorder accounted for the majority of patients with symmetric T wave inversion. Fifteen of 18 patients who had coronary angiography had some degree of coronary artery disease; 3 had angiographically normal coronary arteries. The 8% death rate in this series (eight deaths, all in women) did not differ statistically from the 7.02% death rate for all medical admissions (p = NS) or the total adult hospital death rate of 4.18% (p = 0.098). suggesting no prognostic implication of the ECG pattern itself. Although such global T wave inversion could not be attributed to any specific anatomic diagnosis, catecholamine excess was demonstrated in case studies of individuals with this pattern. Global T wave inversion is a nonspecific primary T wave change, possibly catecholamine related, of no intrinsic prognostic implication for hospital patients and with an unexplained, highly significant female preponderance.
Tacit and accessible understanding of language

The empirical nature of our understanding of language is explored. I first show that there are several important and different distinctions between tacit and accessible awareness. I then present empirical evidence concerning our understanding of language. The data suggests that our awareness of sentence-meanings is sometimes merely tacit according to one of these distinctions, but is accessible according to another. I present and defend an interpretation of this mixed view. The present project is shown to impact on several diverse areas, including inferential role semantics and holism, the nature of learning, and the role of linguistics in the law.
Public participation in the BECC: Lessons from the Acuaférico Project, Nogales, Sonora

Abstract This paper examines the Acuaferico Project that was proposed by the city of Nogales, in the state of Sonora, Mexico, to upgrade and improve the city's potable water supply system. Because the cities of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora (known as Ambos Nogales) share the same water resources, the Acuaferico Project has transboundary implications. In 1996, Nogales, Sonora, submitted the Acuaferico Project proposal to the Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC), which was created by the Mexican and U.S. governments to evaluate and certify sustainable environmental infrastructure projects in the border region. This study focuses on the Acuaferico Project certification process and, more specifically, on BECC's public participation requirements prior to project submission. It concludes that although the BECC certification process has positively affected policymaking in Ambos Nogales, in order to encourage further community participation and policymakers’ responsiveness, the Commission must...