cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A probability based method for selecting the optimal personalized treatment from multiple treatments.

In this work we propose a method for optimal treatment assignment based on individual covariate information for a patient. For the K treatment ( K≥2 ) scenario, we compare quantities that are suitable surrogates to true conditional probabilities of outcome variable of each treatment dominating outcome variables for all other treatments conditional on patient specific scores constructed from patient-specific covariates. As opposed to methods based on conditional means, our method can be applied for a broad set of models and error structures. Furthermore, the proposed method has very desirable large sample properties. We suggest Single Index Models as appropriate models connecting outcome variables to covariates and our empirical investigations show that correct treatment assignments are highly accurate. The proposed method is also rather robust against departures from a Single Index Model structure. Furthermore, selection of a treatment using the proposed metric appears to incur no losses in terms of the average reward for cases when two treatments are close in terms of this metric. We also conduct a real data analysis to show the applicability of the proposed procedure. This analysis highlights possible gains both in terms of average response and survival time if one were to use the proposed method.
The MSCA Program: Developing Analytic Unicorns

Marketing analytics students who can communicate effectively with decision makers are in high demand. These “analytic unicorns” are hard to find. The Master of Science in Customer Analytics (MSCA) ...
An Electronically Tunable Biomimetic Antenna Array

A two-element tunable biomimetic antenna array (BMAA) that uses a single varactor to achieve tunability over a relatively wideband is presented. The proposed device consists of two closely spaced quarter-wavelength monopole antennas operating at 600 MHz. The antennas are spaced at a distance of 2.5 cm and are coupled together using a tunable external coupling network (ECN). The ECN is designed to allow for tuning the response of the BMAA over the frequency range of 580–700 MHz. Over this frequency range, the proposed BMAA can enhance the phase difference between the output signals compared with a conventional array while extracting the maximum available power from the incoming wave. A prototype of the proposed tunable BMAA is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. Measurement results are shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The proposed tunable BMAA can be used to alleviate the bandwidth limitations of the previously reported two-element BMAAs.
Impact of Simulated California Rice-Growing Conditions on Chlorantraniliprole Partitioning.

Chlorantraniliprole (3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridine-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, CAP; water solubility 1.023 mg·L–1) was recently registered for application on California rice fields. Air– and soil–water partitioning of CAP were investigated under simulated California rice field conditions through calculation of KH and ΔawH and a batch equilibrium method following OECD 106 guidelines, respectively. KH and ΔawH were determined to be 1.69 × 10–16 – 2.81 × 10–15 atm·m3·mol–1 (15–35 °C) and 103.68 kJ·mol–1, respectively. Log(Koc) ranged from 2.59 to 2.96 across all soil and temperature treatments. Log(KF) ranged from 0.61 to 1.14 across all soil, temperature, and salinity treatments. Temperature and salinity increased sorption significantly at 35 °C (P < 0.05) and 0.2 M (P < 0.0001), respectively, while soil properties impacted sorption across all treatments. Overall results, corroborated using the Pesticides in Flooded Applications Model, indicate that vola...
Temperature-dependence of stress and elasticity in wet-transferred graphene membranes

We report measurements of the mechanical properties of two suspended graphene membranes in the temperature range of 80 K to 550 K. For this entire range, the resonant frequency and quality factor of each device were monitored continuously during cooling and heating. Below 300 K, we have additionally measured the resonant frequency's tunability via electrostatic force, and modeled this data to determine graphene's tension and elastic modulus; both of these parameters are found to be strongly temperature-dependent in this range. Above 300 K, we observe a resonant frequency (and therefore tension) minimum near room temperature. This suggests that the thermal expansion coefficient is positive for temperatures below roughly 315 K, and negative for higher temperatures. Lastly, we observe a large, reproducible hysteresis in the resonant frequency as our graphene devices are cycled between 300 K and 550 K. After returning to 300 K, the measured frequency evolves exponentially in time with a time constant of ∼24 h...
Multivariate Self-Organizing Map Approach to Classifying Supercell Tornado Environments Using Near-Storm, Low-Level Wind and Thermodynamic Profiles

AbstractSelf-organizing maps (SOMs) have been shown to be a useful tool in classifying meteorological data. This paper builds on earlier work employing SOMs to classify model analysis proximity soundings from the near-storm environments of tornadic and nontornadic supercell thunderstorms. A series of multivariate SOMs is produced wherein the input variables, height, dimensions, and number of SOM nodes are varied. SOMs including information regarding the near-storm wind profile are more effective in discriminating between tornadic and nontornadic storms than those limited to thermodynamic information. For the best-performing SOMs, probabilistic forecasts derived from matching near-storm environments to a SOM node may provide modest improvements in forecast skill relative to existing methods for probabilistic forecasts.
METABOLISM OF DIFFERENT MOLECULAR FORMS OF CHOLECYSTOKININ

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the metabolism of different molecular forms of cholecystokinin (CCK). In an experiment described in the chapter, the highest CCK-8-destroying activity was found in the kidney cortex homogenate. The pancreas, lung, and small intestine also displayed CCK-8-destroying activities, but these were significantly lower than the activity found in the kidney cortex. Only a small activity was detected in the liver. The CCK-destroying activity found in the kidney is localized exclusively in the cortex. A peptidase activity is also found in the kidney cortex, which catalyzes hydrolysis of the peptide bond between aspartic acid and phenylalanine in pentagastrin. It is found that kidney slices were able to inactivate more than 90% of pentagastrin and gastrin. The substance responsible for the inactivation of gastrin, however, was not further characterized. In the experiments, serum and plasma did not have any effect on either CCK-3 3 or CCK-8. Plasma and serum do not take part in the inactivation of this hormone, especially if the very short half-life of CCK is taken into account.
Dementia and Seizures

A 64-year-old right-handed Caucasian female developed an insidious onset of progressive difficulties with her memory. Early spells of visual distortion were noted where she said her vision would “seizure up.” Memory rapidly deteriorated as visual loss progressed. She was unable to remember daily activities, though it fluctuated from day to day. She became unable to keep her appointments and began pulling away from contact with her family. Her daughters became concerned and increased the level of family supervision 4–5 months later. Personality changes then became notable. She became less outgoing, more apathetic and withdrawn, and was less gregarious than her “typical self.” Mobility problems interceded and she began to complain of balance issues. She deteriorated to the point where she would be “found down” requiring frequent assistance from others. She was seen by neurology and diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but failed to improve despite donepezil. Concerns for seizures were raised and she was referred for assessment. On evaluation, she was seated in a wheelchair and withdrawn with limited spontaneous interaction. Impairment in memory, visual fixation and pursuit, rapid alternating movements, and gait ataxia was evident. A brain CT was normal. A routine EEG is presented in Fig. 26.1. MRI was pending.
Stopping Immunosuppressant Therapy Following Successful Renal Transplantation

Most transplant physicians assume that immunosuppression must be carried out indefinitely for all renal transplant recipients, except for patients who receive transplant from an identical twin. When transplant recipients stop immunosuppression voluntarily, which happens relatively infrequently,1 their behavior certainly threatens both the renal graft and their life.2,3 The irrationality of voluntary cessation of immunosuppression calls for some explanation.
Cutoff AdS$_{3}$ versus the $ T\overline{T} $ deformation

Abstract A recent proposal relates two dimensional holographic conformal field theories deformed by the integrable $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ flow to AdS3 with a finite radial cutoff. We investigate this proposal by studying perturbative correlation functions on the two sides. For low point correlators of the stress tensor, we successfully match the deformed CFT results at large central charge to bulk results obtained in classical pure gravity. The deformed CFT also provides definite predictions for loop corrections in the bulk. We then include matter fields in the bulk. To reproduce the classical bulk two-point function of a scalar operator we show that the deformed CFT needs to be augmented with double trace scalar operators, with the $$ T\overline{T} $$ T T ¯ operator yielding corrections corresponding to loops in the bulk.
Two-Stage Revascularization and Clip Reconstruction of a Giant Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

Ophthalmic segment aneurysms (OSAs) are technically challenging lesions with a wide-neck morphology and proximity to the optic nerve. Revascularization and aneurysm trapping are occasionally needed to manage unclippable OSAs. Microsurgical treatment requires anterior clinoidectomy, optic strut drilling, and proximal/distal dural ring dissection for adequate exposure. This video demonstrates a two-stage revascularization and clip reconstruction of an OSA. A 62-yr-old woman was presented, with acute-onset expressive aphasia, right hemineglect, and hemiparesis. Neuroimaging revealed a partially thrombosed giant OSA measuring 2.5 × 2.3 cm2. Patient consent was obtained for bypassing, trapping, and decompressing the aneurysm. A pterional craniotomy was performed and an external carotid artery - radial artery graft - middle cerebral artery bypass was performed. The aneurysm was proximally occluded with a permanent clip on the clinoidal internal carotid artery (ICA). Adherence of the distal supraclinoid ICA to the aneurysm wall did not allow for aneurysm trapping. On postoperative day 8, the patient experienced acute mental status decline due to a frontal intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The aneurysm was trapped in a second surgery to occlude persistent retrograde aneurysm filling. The aneurysm sac was circumferentially dissected with temporary parent artery trapping. The OSA was opened and thrombectomized using an ultrasonic aspirator followed by trapping clip application. Postoperatively, the patient gradually returned to neurological baseline with minimal expressive aphasia. Although OSAs are preferentially treated with flow diversion, giant OSAs with significant mass effect may necessitate microsurgical clipping or trapping with decompressive thrombectomy. This case demonstrates that proximal clip occlusion may not be sufficient for aneurysm thrombosis and rupture prevention. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Preliminary evidence is promising, but challenges remain in providing service dogs to veterans: Commentary on preliminary efficacy of service dogs as a complementary treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in military members and veterans (O'Haire & Rodriguez, 2018).

Objective Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are interested in service dogs to manage or reduce symptoms. Until recently, evidence was anecdotal with few research studies documenting the feasibility or benefits of service dogs for veterans. In the past year, new studies have presented preliminary evidence on the benefits of service dogs. Method Comment on O'Haire and Rodriguez (2018). Results Positive findings presented in O'Haire and Rodriguez (2018) and Yarborough et al. (2017) included reduced self-reported PTSD symptoms, decreased depression symptoms, improvements in relationships, and increased activity levels. In addition to the benefits, Yarborough, Stumbo, Yarborough, Owen-Smith, and Green (2018) described challenges that veterans had not expected, including the demands of long, intensive training sessions required to receive a service animal, and an increase in unwanted public attention. In light of this preliminary evidence, a critical appraisal and identification of next steps for future research are in order. In this commentary we argue that rigorous randomized controlled trials comparing veterans who receive service dogs with those who do not are due. Such trials should account for self-selection bias and some veterans' overly optimistic expectations for service dogs, both of which have not previously been controlled for in non-randomized studies to date and may present a challenge to trial validity. We also argue that future research needs an adequate long-term follow-up evaluation period and should investigate the specific mechanisms of action at work (i.e. how do service dogs improve PTSD symptoms and quality of life). Conclusions Additional trials are needed to establish the efficacy of service dogs for veterans with PTSD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Positioning a multifunctional basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor within the Ciona notochord gene regulatory network

In a multitude of organisms, transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family control the expression of genes required for organ development and tissue differentiation. The functions of different bHLH transcription factors in the specification of nervous system and paraxial mesoderm have been widely investigated in various model systems. Conversely, the knowledge of the role of these regulators in the development of the axial mesoderm, the embryonic territory that gives rise to the notochord, and the identities of their target genes, remain still fragmentary. Here we investigated the transcriptional regulation and target genes of Bhlh-tun1, a bHLH transcription factor expressed in the developing Ciona notochord as well as in additional embryonic territories that contribute to the formation of both larval and adult structures. We describe its possible role in notochord formation, its relationship with the key notochord transcription factor Brachyury, and suggest molecular mechanisms through which Bhlh-tun1 controls the spatial and temporal expression of its effectors.
Negotiating Varied Research Goals in Computing Education Research

As we celebrate the 50th SIGCSE Symposium, this panel explores how computing education researchers chart a course individually and as a community to build our research practices and collective knowledge of computing education. This navigation involves developing our research goals, which tools we use to work towards those goals, and which academic communities outside of computing education we seek to learn from and contribute to. However, these processes of navigation are rarely discussed as a community. Paper and grant submissions and reviews provide an imperfect way for our community to communicate our varied values and priorities. This panel brings together experts in computing education research who differ in their research goals, tools, and external communities. We can expect a lively discussion amongst the panelist and we hope to spark important discussions within the computing education research community!
Total hip arthroplasty following failed intertrochanteric hip fracture fixation treated with a cephalomedullary nail.

Aims Cephalomedullary nails (CMNs) are commonly used for the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) may be used as a salvage procedure when fixation fails in the...
Dissipation in cone-jet electrosprays and departure from isothermal operation

Electrospraying in the cone-jet mode has being regarded an isothermal process, and the laws obtained under this assumption are considered valid throughout the operational range. However, self-heating due to dissipation is expected to be significant at sufficiently high electrical conductivities. This is confirmed by solving the isothermal leaky-dielectric model to evaluate the Ohmic and viscous dissipation, and estimate the temperature increase. Self-heating is important at conductivities ≳0.05S/m, increases rapidly at larger values, and requires the nonisothermal modeling of this regime.
Metabotropic G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and Their Cytoplasmic Signaling Pathways

Abstract We have discussed how ionotropic receptors alter signaling at synapses by directly affecting membrane potential. Conversely, the effect(s) of ligand binding to metabotropic G-protein-coupled receptors are indirect and involve intracellular molecular cascades. Ligand binding is linked to intracellular cascades by the activation of GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins), which are referred to as transducers. There are four main G-protein-coupled pathways (as well as a host of less common ones), which share a set of common elements that we will outline to streamline the presentation of these pathways. In all G-protein-coupled pathways, the G-protein transducer activates a primary effector protein. The primary effector then generates a second messenger, which in turn activates one or more secondary effector proteins. The secondary effectors are capable of initiating a wide range of intracellular signaling cascades that affect many aspects of cellular function and signaling. These pathways can each be coupled to a range of neurotransmitter receptors and vice versa, so a given type of neurotransmitter receptor might be coupled to one G-protein-coupled pathway in one type of neuron and a different pathway in a different type of neuron. The modularity of G-protein-coupled pathways dramatically increases the flexibility and specificity of neurotransmitters that bind to metabotropic receptors to affect neuronal function.
The effects of a loaded rucksack and weighted vest on metabolic cost and stride frequency in female adults.

AbstractThis study evaluated the metabolic cost and stride frequency during exercise while wearing an evenly distributed weight vest in recreationally fit women. Nine healthy women performed a modi...
The prognostic value of standardized phase angle in adults with acute leukemia: A prospective study.

Standardized phase angle (SPhA) is a tool used to estimate body composition and cell membrane integrity. Standardized phase angle has been shown to predict survival in solid malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. We investigated the predictive value of SPhA on 60-day mortality, overall survival (OS), and length of hospital stay (LHS) for adults with acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia (AML and ALL). Consecutive patients ≥18 years with newly diagnosed acute leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy were enrolled. Phase angle measurements were taken on day 1 of therapy for all patients and on the day of nadir marrow for AML patients. Measurements were standardized by BMI, gender, and age to calculate the SPhA. The difference between SPhA at nadir bone marrow compared to day 1 of induction was used to calculate change in SPhA. A cutoff of 25th percentile was used to dichotomize baseline SPhA. Among 100 patients, 88% were AML, 56% were female, and mean age was 59 years. Though not statistically significant, OS by Kaplan-Meier analysis was shorter for those below the 25th percentile SPhA compared to those above (median OS: 11.0 months vs 19.5 months; P = .09). Lower baseline SPhA was associated with increased incidence of 60-day mortality in univariable (odds ratio [OR] = 5.25; 1.35, 20.44; P = .02) but not multivariable analysis (OR = 3.12; 0.67, 14.48; P = .15) adjusted for age, creatinine, and cytogenetics. Increased change in SPhA was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio = 1.15; 1.00,1.33; P = .05) in multivariable analysis. Standardized phase angle is a rapid, noninvasive, and objective measure that may be used to inform risk stratification.
Bibliometric data based on the Pharm.D. and Ph.D. degree in United States research-intensive colleges of pharmacy.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was to compare bibliometrics based on doctoral degrees within United States colleges of pharmacy to understand productivity differences. Secondary objectives were to provide quantitative data based on degree that could be utilized by individual faculty, administration and other key stakeholders in academic pharmacy. METHODS Bibliometric indices were obtained from Scopus and Web of Science for faculty from research-intensive United States pharmacy schools. Scholarly metrics that included publication number, total citations, highest cited article and H-index were compared between degrees using multivariate regression adjusted for academic rank and years since first publication. A correction for multiple testing was applied. KEY FINDINGS All collected scholarly metrics were higher for Ph.D.-only and Pharm.D./Ph.D. faculty when compared to Pharm.D.-only faculty. Ph.D.-only faculty significantly differed compared to Pharm.D./Ph.D. faculty for Web of Science average citations per document. CONCLUSIONS Differences are apparent between the major doctoral degrees at research-intensive, federally funded colleges of pharmacy; however, these differences were primarily identified for Pharm.D.-only compared to the other doctoral degree types Future work should analyse the potential variables that explain the scholarly metrics differences between degrees and aim to analyse other areas of faculty impact beyond scholarly metrics.
Carica papaya L. Leaf: A Systematic Scoping Review on Biological Safety and Herb-Drug Interactions

Introduction. The Carica papaya L. leaf is gaining interest as a potential therapeutic agent for alleviating dengue- and non-dengue-associated thrombocytopaenia. In that regard, safety considerations are as important as efficacy potential. The safety evaluation of botanical products for human use is complicated by variable formulations, complex phytochemical composition, and extrinsic toxicants. This review aimed to systematically collate related safety clinical and preclinical data, as well as reports on herb-drug interactions of C. papaya leaf consumption. Methods. A systematic search using predetermined keywords on electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Central, LILACS, and Web of Science) and grey literature was conducted. Relevant clinical and preclinical studies were identified, screened, and analysed to present an overall safety profile of C. papaya leaf consumption. Results. A total of 41 articles were included (23 clinical, 5 ongoing trials, and 13 preclinical) for descriptive analysis on study characteristics, adverse reactions, toxicity findings, and herb-drug interactions, from which 13 randomised controlled and quasiexperimental trials were further assessed for risk of bias and reporting quality. Overall, C. papaya leaf consumption (in the form of juice and standardised aqueous extract) was well tolerated by adult humans for short durations (<five days) while one randomised controlled trial reported safe consumption of C. papaya leaf standardised aqueous extract in children (aged 1–12 years). Minor gastrointestinal side effects were most commonly reported. There are concerns about hepatotoxicity and reproductive toxicity in long-term use, supported by animal studies. Unfavourable herb-drug interactions with metformin, glimepiride, digoxin, ciprofloxacin, and artemisinin were accounted. Conclusion. C. papaya leaf consumption in adults is generally safe for short-term use though cautioned in pregnancy and people with liver impairment. It has potential herb-drug interactions with oral hypoglycaemic agents, p-glycoprotein substrates, and antibiotics with cation chelating properties.
A unique cause of coronary obstruction after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Delayed coronary obstruction is a rare but often fatal complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement that can present within 24 hr after the transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure. We present a case of a 77-year-old woman whose distal left main coronary artery bifurcation became obstructed by an embolized piece of native valve leaflet material 16 hours after the uncomplicated transfemoral implantation of an Edwards Sapien Ultra 23 mm aortic valve, which was successfully treated with the simultaneous kissing stent technique.
Glider and Airplane Design

This chapter deals with simple aspects of airplane design and stability analysis which have been motivated by one of the authors (JJC) participation over the last 15 years, as faculty advisor of a team of undergraduate student corresponding values, in the Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) Aero-Design West competition.
On Singularly Perturbed Switched Parameter Systems

This paper considers a switched parameter stochastic linear system whose state equations depend on a finite state Markov process. The decomposition of the system and the process together into fast and slow components is investigated in the paper when both are singularly perturbed. The results can be shown to hold when the process is independent of the original system, is ergodic, and the matrices of the different models of the system commute.
The mechanism of nucleosome assembly onto oligomers of the sea urchin 5 S DNA positioning sequence.

We have used a model system composed of tandem repeats of Lytechinus variegatus 5 S rDNA (Simpson, R. T., Thoma, F., and Brubaker, J. M. (1985) Cell 42, 799-808) reconstituted into chromatin with chicken erythrocyte core histones to investigate the mechanism of chromatin assembly. Nucleosomes are assembled onto the DNA template by mixing histone octamers and DNA in 2 M NaCl followed by stepwise dialysis into very low ionic strength buffer over a 24-h period. By 1.0 M NaCl, a defined intermediate composed of arrays of H3.H4 tetramers has formed, as shown by analytical and preparative ultracentrifugation. Digestion with methidium propyl EDTA.Fe(II) indicates that these tetramers are spaced at 207 base pair intervals, i.e. one/repeat length of the DNA positioning sequence. In 0.8 M NaCl, some H2A.H2B has become associated with the H3.H4 tetramers and DNA. Surprisingly, under these conditions DNA is protected from methidium propyl EDTA.Fe(II) digestion almost as well as in the complete nucleosome, even though these structures are quite deficient in H2A.H2B. By 0.6 M NaCl, nucleosome assembly is complete, and the MPE digestion pattern is indistinguishable from that observed for oligonucleosomes at very low ionic strength. Below 0.6 M NaCl, the oligonucleosomes are involved in various salt-dependent conformational equilibria: at approximately 0.6 M, a 15% reduction in S20,w that mimics a conformational change observed previously with nucleosome core particles; at and above 0.1 M, folding into a more compact structure(s); at and above 0.1 M NaCl, a reaction involving varying amounts of dissociation of histone octamers from a small fraction of the DNA templates. In low ionic strength buffer (less than 1 mM NaCl), oligonucleosomes are present as fully loaded templates in the extended beads-on-a-string structure.
The role of HLA-G in human pregnancy

Pregnancy in mammals featuring hemochorial placentation introduces a major conflict with the mother's immune system, which is dedicated to repelling invaders bearing foreign DNA and RNA. Numerous and highly sophisticated strategies for preventing mothers from rejecting their genetically different fetus(es) have now been identified. These involve production of novel soluble and membrane-bound molecules by uterine and placental cells. In humans, the placenta-derived molecules include glycoproteins derived from the HLA class Ib gene, HLA-G. Isoforms of HLA-G saturate the maternal-fetal interface and circulate in mothers throughout pregnancy. Uteroplacental immune privilege for the fetus and its associated tissues is believed to result when immune cells encounter HLA-G. Unequivocally demonstration of this concept requires experiments in animal models. Both the monkey and the baboon express molecules that are similar but not identical to HLA-G, and may comprise suitable animal models for establishing a central role for these proteins in pregnancy.
Performance comparison of AutoRED under different TCP Variations

Chaotic queue oscillation is a major problem at the Internet Routers that use Random Early Detection (RED) scheme to control network traffic congestion. The chaotic queue oscillation occurs due to slowly varying average queue size in RED based schemes. Several improved versions of RED and alterative techniques have been proposed in the networking literature to control network traffic congestion. All these techniques still suffer from the chaotic queue oscillation especially in heavily congested networks. AutoRED scheme has been proposed recently to control queue oscillations. In this paper we evaluate the performance of AutoRED versus few other congestion control techniques under different TCP versions and congestion scenarios. We use throughput, throughput gain, packet loss rate and newly defined average queuing delay as a performance metrics (QoS) in these experiments. Our finding is that the AutoRED algorithm significantly reduces the chaotic queue oscillations and gives a predictable low delay and a low delay jitter with high throughput gain and reduced packet loss rate under Transmission Control Protocols (TCP) called Tahoe, Reno, NewReno and Vegas.
Next Generation Scientific Publishing and the Web of Data

Next Generation scientific publishing will exploit both the web of documents and the web of data to help resolve many of today's serious problems in reproducibility, citation and citation-claim integrity, and publication volume intractability. Here we briefly review several developments in this field using new semantic models and approaches to help achieve more robust scientific, and particularly biomedical, communications.
Online word-of-mouth communication on social networking sites: An empirical study of Facebook users

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the factors influencing online word-of-mouth communication engagement behavior of college students on social networks such as Facebook. Design/methodology/approach – A survey instrument designed to measure the constructs assumed to have an influence on word-of-mouth communication on social networks was administered to college students who are actively using Facebook. Structural equation model was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings – Results of the study show that social capital and trust were two important factors that positively influenced opinion-giving and opinion-seeking behaviors, which, in turn, influenced the word-of-mouth behavior on Facebook. Although these results were not significantly different from the findings reported in the literature, the results emphasize that the impact of social capital and trust on word of mouth increased through the opinion-seeking/giving path. Research limitations/implications – Although the college students are ideal users for Facebook, the use of college students could limit the generalizability of the results to other populations. Furthermore, the authors have only investigated a few constructs that are assumed to contribute to the online word-of-mouth communication behavior. Other studies should include a more comprehensive list of construct and test their impact. Practical implications – The study contributes to the literature on word-of-mouth communication in online social networking sites. Organizations could benefit from this knowledge by understanding that social networking sites should be considered as a key component of the integrated marketing communication strategy, and specific targeting efforts could be directed for those users with high levels of opinion-seeking/giving. Originality/value – Although online social networking has been popular, not many empirical studies have been conducted on consumers’ engagement in the word-of-mouth communication in social networking sites, such as Facebook. This study attempts to fulfill the gap.
Effects of Fuel Volatility and Temperature on Vehicle Evaporative Emissions

Evaporative emission tests were performed on forty in-use late model passenger cars using different volatility fuels and varying temperatures. Results show that diurnal and hot soak emissions are quite sensitive to temperature, and also that the temperature sensitivity increases with the use of higher volatility fuels. Empirical models were developed to express diurnal and hot soak emissions as a function of fuel volatility and temperature.
Psychoanalytic Praxis and the Truth of Pain

Lacan’s interest in science was in function of his effort to clarify in what way psychoanalysis can be considered a science. Clearly Freud wanted to qualify it as such, for this was the only way, he thought, to give his discovery of the unconscious intellectual respectability in the scientifico-cultural world of his time. The classical hypothetico-experimental methodology of nineteenth century science held for Freud an abiding fascination, and his ambition, initially at least, was to develop a theory of psychoanalysis that could approximate an analogous certitude. But the classic methodology rested on an epistemology that was positivistic in nature, where objects of research were essentially accessible through sense perception, and any contribution of the subject to the knowability of the object could be, in principle, disallowed by the rigor of procedure. For Lacan, however, the scientific paradigm of choice was not nineteenth century physics but twentieth century linguistics. Here, the role of the subject, especially when the method is applied to psychoanalysis, is inseparable from the research procedure itself, and the scientific character of the process must be conceived differently.
Practical fast multiple radio blind rendezvous schemes in Ad-Hoc cognitive radio networks

Ad-hoc networks are promising complements for the infrastructure based network under disastrous scenarios. However, due to the heterogeneous surrounding environment of each user, the channel availability of each user may be quite different. Cognitive radio emerges as a promising technology to enable two users to communicate under different channel availability, by opportunistically accessing available channels through dynamically configuring transmission parameters. In a cognitive radio network, secondary users (SUs) need to sense the spectrum to obtain current available channels and have to vacate the occupied channels when primary users (PUs) return. In cognitive radio networks, establishing a link through a common available channel is defined as the rendezvous process between two SUs. Channel hopping is a widely used method to solve the rendezvous problem under which two SUs hop according to a designed channel hopping sequence until they meet on a common available channel. Past works on the rendezvous process focus on designing the channel hopping sequence but ignoring the necessary RTS-and-CTS exchange process to set up a link when two SUs hop to a common available channel, especially when each SU is equipped with multiple cognitive radios. In this paper, we define a new send-or-receive problem regarding the RTS-CTS exchange in a rendezvous process of SUs equipped with multiple cognitive radios. Our proposed blind rendezvous schemes are fully distributed. Simulation results show that our proposed schemes can achieve a fast and guaranteed rendezvous, which is beneficial for quickly setting up communication links under disastrous scenarios.
Attack on the Cryptographic Scheme NIKS-TAS

The NIKS-TAS scheme, proposed by Tsujii, Araki, and Sekine in 1993, is an ID-based cryptographic key sharing scheme. We present an algebraic method for attacking this scheme, requiring the cooperation of a small number of collaborators to discover the key shared by any two parties.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Stress-Induced Immune Dysregulation: Implications for Wound Healing

Stress-related immune alterations can be consequential for health; they can enhance susceptibility to infectious agents and influence the severity of infectious disease, diminish the strength of immune responses to vaccines, reactivate latent viruses, and slow wound healing. Furthermore, stressful events and negative emotions promote systemic proinflammatory cytokine production while reducing beneficial local production of proinflammatory cytokines at the wound site that are important for wound healing. Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) also influence systemic inflammation; high proportions of omega-6 to omega-3 boost inflammation, while omega-3 has anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the limited evidence thus far suggests that omega-3 PUFA may enhance local inflammatory responses at wound sites. Moreover, an individual's dietary proportion of omega-3 to omega-6 may influence the magnitude of inflammatory responses to stressful events. Thus, wound healing and surgery provide exemplars of how stress and depression can interact with the diet to influence important clinical outcomes.
Stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis

Due to the short light path of the capillaries, the CE detection limit based on concentration, is far less than that of HPLC and not sufficient for many practical applications. Several methods, based on different electrophoretic maneuvers, can concentrate the sample (stack) easily on the capillary before the separation step of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). These methods incorporate different types of discontinuous buffers as the means for invoking different velocities to the same analyte molecules to produce a sharpening of the band (stacking). In CZE, these buffers can be often very simple such as sample dilution or adding to the sample a high concentration of a fast mobility ion. However, in other applications these buffers can be as complicated as those required for isotachophoresis. Stacking can often yield a concentration factor of 5-30-fold, which can improve greatly in CZE the detection limits bringing them very close to those of HPLC. Different methods of stacking, the importance of discontinuous buffers and the different mechanism for concentration on the capillary are reviewed here. As there is a need for more practical applications, there will be more methods devised for stacking in CZE.
A Euclidean Ramsey Problem

Abstract. Let C n denote the set of points in R n whose coordinates are all 0 or 1 , i.e., the vertex set of the unit n -cube. Graham and Rothschild [2] proved that there exists an integer N such that for n ≥ N , any 2-coloring of the edges of the complete graph on C n contains a monochromatic plane K 4 . Let N * be the minimum such N . They noted that N * must be at least 6 . Their upper bound on N * has come to be known as Graham's number , often cited as the largest number that has ever been put to any practical use. In this note we show that N * must be at least 11 and provide some experimental evidence suggesting that N * is larger still.
A systematic review of the physical health impacts from non-occupational exposure to wildfire smoke.

Abstract Background Climate change is likely to increase the threat of wildfires, and little is known about how wildfires affect health in exposed communities. A better understanding of the impacts of the resulting air pollution has important public health implications for the present day and the future. Method We performed a systematic search to identify peer-reviewed scientific studies published since 1986 regarding impacts of wildfire smoke on health in exposed communities. We reviewed and synthesized the state of science of this issue including methods to estimate exposure, and identified limitations in current research. Results We identified 61 epidemiological studies linking wildfire and human health in communities. The U.S. and Australia were the most frequently studied countries (18 studies on the U.S., 15 on Australia). Geographic scales ranged from a single small city (population about 55,000) to the entire globe. Most studies focused on areas close to fire events. Exposure was most commonly assessed with stationary air pollutant monitors (35 of 61 studies). Other methods included using satellite remote sensing and measurements from air samples collected during fires. Most studies compared risk of health outcomes between 1) periods with no fire events and periods during or after fire events, or 2) regions affected by wildfire smoke and unaffected regions. Daily pollution levels during or after wildfire in most studies exceeded U.S. EPA regulations. Levels of PM 10 , the most frequently studied pollutant, were 1.2 to 10 times higher due to wildfire smoke compared to non-fire periods and/or locations. Respiratory disease was the most frequently studied health condition, and had the most consistent results. Over 90% of these 45 studies reported that wildfire smoke was significantly associated with risk of respiratory morbidity. Conclusion Exposure measurement is a key challenge in current literature on wildfire and human health. A limitation is the difficulty of estimating pollution specific to wildfires. New methods are needed to separate air pollution levels of wildfires from those from ambient sources, such as transportation. The majority of studies found that wildfire smoke was associated with increased risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Children, the elderly and those with underlying chronic diseases appear to be susceptible. More studies on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity are needed. Further exploration with new methods could help ascertain the public health impacts of wildfires under climate change and guide mitigation policies.
The Effect on Milk and Fat Production of Injections of Oxytocin at Alternate 14-day Periods during Lactation

Summary The effect of an intravenous oxytocin injection at alternate 14-day periods on milk and fat production of seven Holstein-Friesian cows during a lactation has been studied. Mean daily production per cow during the injection periods was 3.6lb. higher than during control periods when the transition day was omitted from each period. The per cent of fat in the milk was not significantly different between the experimental and control periods.
Quantitative immunohistochemical differences in Langerhans cells in dermatitis due to internal versus external antigen sources

Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions can develop against antigens delivered through the epidermis (contact dermatitis) or through the blood vessels (e.g., drug eruptions). On routine histology alone, it is not always possible to determine the route of the antigen. Langerhans cells (LC) are the main antigen-presenting cells in contact dermatitis. Dermal dendrocytes (DC) are antigen-presenting cells and may be involved in dermal reactions. We tested the hypothesis that there is a difference between dermatitis due to external and internal antigen sources with regard to the number or function of LC and DC. In 85 cases of dermatitis, numbers of S100 and HLA-DR reactive cells per linear millimetre of epidermis were counted. The amount of epidermal spongiosis was evaluated qualitatively. In 35 cases, the number of DC per mm2 (as defined by Factor XIIIa expression) was evaluated. The patients were then divided into two groups based on whether the final clinical evaluation considered the dermatitis to be secondary to an external (35 cases) or internal antigen (50 cases). Dermatitis due to external antigens had significantly more LC/mm and more frequent HLA-DR expression than dermatitis due to internal antigens, mean +/- SEM; 21.2+/-2.04 vs. 9.1+/-1.02 (p<0.00001) and 16.3+/-2.49 vs. 6.0+/-0.92 (p=0.0001), respectively. Spongiosis was more marked in external antigen cases. DC were more numerous in internal than in external antigen cases, but the differences were not statistically significant. In our model, determination of numbers of LC/mm is the variable with the highest power to discriminate between internal and internal sources. Quantification of HLA-DR+ LC and degree of spongiosis provide little additional discriminatory power.
Correlates of moral development in juvenile delinquents

Moral reasoning and development have been the focus of considerable research in the past two decades, stimulated primarily by Kohlberg’s formulation of the stages of moral development. Studies of juvenile delinquents have indicated that youthful offenders are at lower developmental stages of moral reasoning than their nondeliquent counterparts. Some research has also examined patterns among juvenile delinquents with respect to moral judgments, as it is recognized that they are heterogeneous as a group. In order to further examine correlates of moral judgments among juvenile delinquents, a sample of 411 adolescent offenders was obtained. The sample consisted of all adjudicated male delinquents aged twelve to fifteen admitted to a state training school over a sixteen month period of time. Data was obtained on a measure of moral judgment, the Morality-Immorality Scale (Baker, Stewart, Kaiser, Brown & Barclay, 1979), along with a variety of measures of personality, behavioral, social, intellectual and educational skills. The adolescents were divided into three groups based on their scores on the MIS. The highest scoring group on MIS had better scores on a variety of behavioral, intellectual and personality indicators, while the lowest scoring group had the worst scores on such measures. Moral-religious emphasis in the home was not associated with the scores on the Morality-Immorality Scale, but a measure of family pathology was negatively related to these scores. Implications of the findings for research and for the development of moral education programs for delinquents is discussed.