cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symbolic integration of a product of two spherical Bessel functions with an additional exponential and polynomial factor

Abstract We present a Mathematica package that performs the symbolic calculation of integrals of the form (1) ∫ 0 ∞ e − x / u x n j ν ( x ) j μ ( x ) d x where j ν ( x ) and j μ ( x ) denote spherical Bessel functions of integer orders, with ν ⩾ 0 and μ ⩾ 0 . With the real parameter u > 0 and the integer n , convergence of the integral requires that n + ν + μ ⩾ 0 . The package provides analytical result for the integral in its most simplified form. In cases where direct Mathematica implementations succeed in evaluating these integrals, the novel symbolic method implemented in this work obtains the same result and in general, it takes a fraction of the time required for the direct implementation. We test the accuracy of such analytical expressions by comparing the results with their numerical counterparts. Program summary Program title: SymbBesselJInteg Catalogue identifier: AEFY_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFY_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 275 934 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 399 705 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica 7.1 Computer: Any computer running Mathematica 6.0 and later versions. Operating system: Windows Xp, Linux/Unix. RAM: 256 Mb Classification: 5. Nature of problem: Integration, both analytical and numerical, of products of two spherical Bessel functions with an exponential and polynomial multiplying factor can be a very complex task depending on the orders of the spherical Bessel functions. The Mathematica package discussed in this paper solves this problem using a novel symbolic approach. Solution method: The problem is first cast into a related limit problem which can be broken into two related subproblems involving exponential and exponential integral functions. Solving the cores of each subproblem symbolically sets the stage for an involved expression tree parsing and manipulation to obtain the most simplified analytic expression for the initial problem. Running time: 1 min for typical values of the arguments and can be several mins for large values of the input variables. For the test data included, about an hour.
A place at the table: Policy analysis, its postpositive critics, and future of practice

Postpositivist critics have brought a new stridency to the ongoing discourse about the nature, applications, and usefulness of policy analysis. Regrettably, their critique is based on a decontextualized caricature, virtually a parody, of policy analysis training and practice. Their assertions are chilling but false, ideological rather than analytical, and detached from the inconvenient realities of policy making and management. Far from being narrowly technocratic and scientistic, policy analysis is dedicated to improving the craft of governance. It is fueled by intuition, argument, and ethical promptings; clearly engaged with the world of political action; and often identified with interests and values otherwise unrepresented at the table. Q-methodology and other approaches to values identification and analysis can be important contributors to policy analysis practice, but postpositivists have a very long way to go if they are to be relevant to the practical challenges of democratic governance that arise in the many roles that working policy analysts perform. © 1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Plasminogen activation inhibitor-type 1 polymorphisms in women with maternal thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcomes

WITH MATERNAL THROMBOPHILIA AND ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES TRISHNA GOSWAMI, MADHURIMA UPPALAPATI, HOLLY MASEL, NISHA VYAS, HELAIN LANDY, CRAIG KESSLER, RUBY ANNE DEVERAS, Georgetown University, Hematology/Oncology, Washington, District of Columbia, Georgetown University, Hematology/Oncology, Marrietta, Georgia, Georgetown University, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington, District of Columbia, Georgetown University, Hematology, Washington, District of Columbia OBJECTIVE: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) polymorphisms are associated with thrombotic disease. Prior studies have shown a possible link with gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and recurrent miscarriages. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of PAI-1 polymorphisms (4G/4G, 4G/5G, 5G/5G) in pregnant women with a history of thrombophilia, to investigate if women with PAI-1 polymorphisms are at risk for other thrombophilic risk factors, and whether treatment with Lovenox improves obstetrical outcomes in these women. STUDY DESIGN: Demographic characteristics and obstetrical outcomes were gathered prospectively on high risk patients with a history of thrombophilia who were referred to hematology clinic from January 2002 to December 2005. A thrombophilia panel was done including PAI genotype by PCR, Factor V Leiden PCR, Prothrombin Gene mutation, Antithrombin III levels, MTHFR C677T mutation, serum homocysteine level, anticardiolipin (ACA), protein C and protein S levels, antiphospholipid (APA) and b-2 microglobulin antibodies (B2M), and lupus anticoagulant levels (LAC). Data was stratified by PAI-1 gene mutations and Lovenox therapy. Data analysis was performed using JMP software. RESULTS: Of the 72 patients collected, the PAI gene phenotypes were 4G/ 4G (39%), 4G/5G (35%) and 5G/5G (26%). Obstetrical complications did not significantly vary between the two treatment groups (preeclampsia; p = .09, abruption; p = 1, DVT; p = .73, gestational diabetes; p = .6). Correlation analysis indicated that PAI 4G/4G mutation was not an independent risk factor for recurrent miscarriage, but was associated with MTHFR C677T mutation. Women with MTHFR C677T mutation had a trend for more recurrent miscarriages (p = 0.07). There was an association between PAI 4G/ 4G and MTHFR (p = .08). No relationship was found between antibodies: ACA/APA/B2MG/LAC and recurrent miscarriage. CONCLUSION: Patients with the PAI 4G/4G mutation are not independently at increased risk for miscarriage and lovenox therapy did not significantly decrease obstetrical complications.
Quantum interference of phase-locked twin beams

We report the first measurement of the quantum phase-difference noise of an optical parametric oscillator phase-locked at frequency degeneracy. This provides indirect evidence for twin-beam Heisenberg-limited interferometry and constitutes a milestone towards bright-beam continuous-variable entanglement
Oxidizer coarse-to-fine ratio effect on microscale flame structure in a bimodal composite propellant

Abstract The microscopic flame structure of a composite propellant is expected to change significantly as the particle size distribution is varied. In this paper we report observations of the diffusion flame structures in burning ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite propellants with varying ratios of coarse to fine AP. The coarse-to-fine ratio (C/F) was varied between 1:16 (mostly fine AP) to all coarse AP. Five kHz OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used for in situ imaging of the highly transient and microscale flames above single and groups of AP particles at atmospheric and elevated pressures. Jet-like diffusion flames are observed for all propellants above coarse AP crystals at 1 atm. At elevated pressures, both jet-like and lifted arched inverted overventilated diffusion flames (IOF) were observed. Jet-like flames were seen more frequently for propellants with low C/F ratios, and were rarely seen for propellants with the highest C/F ratios. On the other hand, lifted IOF were seldom seen for the low C/F ratio propellants but were more frequently observed for higher C/F ratio propellants. Differences in the flame structures are postulated to be due, in part, to the dissimilar local burning rates and flame temperatures between the fine AP/binder matrix and coarse particles. For the first time, the diffusion flames from multiple coarse particles were observed to merge (group combustion), especially for higher C/F ratio propellants. As a consequence, flame height is affected by this group combustion of clustered coarse AP particles that behave similarly to a larger single particle. The ignition delay and lifetime for single AP particles in a composite propellant were measured at 1 atmosphere (atm). The particle lifetime and ignition delay for coarse AP particles vary as a function of C/F, indicating that nearby coarse particles can significantly affect coarse particle ignition and combustion. The data obtained is useful for comparison to numerical simulations of AP composite propellant combustion.
The Epidemiology of Critical Care Air Transport Team Operations in Contemporary Warfare

ABSTRACT Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATTs) have evolved as a vital component of the U.S. Air Force's aeromedical evacuation system. Previous epidemiological research in this area is limited. The objective of this commentary is to highlight the importance of obtaining robust epidemiological data regarding patients transported by CCATTs. A limited epidemiological analysis was performed to describe CCATT patients transported during Operation Enduring Freedom and the waning months of Operation Iraqi Freedom. CCATT transports for the calendar year 2011 were examined as recorded in the U.S. Transportation Command Regulating and Command and Control (C2) Evacuation System database. As many as 290 CCATT primary patient transport records were reviewed. Of these, 58.6% of patients had multiple injuries, 15.9% of patients had traumatic brain injury, 7% had acute coronary syndromes, and 24.8% of all transports were for nonbattle-related injuries. The most common International Classification of Disease, 9th Ed...
Commentary on 'MRI with a Weak Albumin Binding Contrast Agent can Unmask Additional Endoleaks in Patients with Enlarging Aneurysm After EVAR'.

After endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), an enlarging aneurysm is a concern as it suggests continued pressure and persistent risk of rupture. Improved visualization of endoleaks is therefore desirable, offering, as an alternative to open conversion, therapeutic targets to reverse the tendency for growth. In previous work by Habets et al., blood pool agents have been successfully used for identification of occult endoleaks. 1 The present study by the same group nicely illustrates the use of a weak albumin binding contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that may improve the capacity to detect and better visualize type II endoleaks. 2 As the study focused on patients with growing aneurysms, inherently creating a selection bias, the true incidence of “occult” endoleaks in patients with stable or shrinking aneurysms remains unknown. The absence of formal validation against a gold standard also hinders determination of the sensitivity and predictive value of this new technique. However, these limitations do not invalidate the findings. What remains to be determined is the implication of the endoleaks newly detected on magnetic resonance angiography. It appears undisputed that a newly found type I or III endoleak warrants repair, and therefore identifying them is most valuable. However, in only 11 of 29 patients did the MRI actually detect an endoleak not identified on standard computed tomography angiography surveillance, and the majority were interpreted as type II. In a meta-analysis by Sidloff et al., only 0.04% of patients suffered from rupture allegedly attributed to a type II endoleak. 3 Also, it has recently been suggested that patients with a type II endoleak detected by standard methods may even have improved survival and equivalent aneurysm related mortality. 4 The actual effect of invasive therapy is unclear e intervention directed at the occlusion of type II endoleaks in the 11 patients with previously undetected endoleaks was either unsuccessful or the duration of follow up was too short to render conclusive results. As MRI was not performed post-intervention, the actual failure rate may be even higher. Most importantly, no ruptures were identified. Finally, one more observation should be stressed: in 10% of patients, the cause for continued expansion was not determined, reflecting the lack of knowledge on the mechanisms of post-implant growth. In conclusion, novel methods to improve visualization of endoleaks may be useful in some cases, but the added value and implications should be thoroughly assessed before generalization. Further research focusing on validation of the diagnostic tool and on the outcome of treatment of “newly revealed” endoleaks is necessary.
4. Financial Openness and the Chinese Growth Experience

We reflect on China's economic performance from the perspective of the experiences of a broad panel of countries. We formulate an econometric framework building on standard growth regressions that allows us to measure the impact of various factors on economic growth and growth variability. As China has become more and more integrated into the world's economic and financial landscape, we devote special attention to measures of (de jure) financial openness. We also document how the real effects of openness are impacted by financial development, political risk, and the quality of institutions. Standard growth regressions cannot explain China's extraordinary growth experience and we fail to find an important role for foreign trade and foreign direct investment. In contrast, the sheer volume of investment has played a significant role in China's growth. As China's per capita GDP continues to grow, it must find sustainable sources of growth. We identify a more efficient financial sector, less state ownership higher quality of government institutions and full financial openness as important factors. Interaction analysis suggests that the beneficial effects of financial openness first require further financial and institutional development. China is less of an outlier in its growth variability experience but achieved high growth with surprisingly low growth volatility.
A structural comparison of Listeria monocytogenes protein chaperones PrsA1 and PrsA2 reveals molecular features required for virulence

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive environmental bacterium that lives within soil but transitions into a pathogen upon contact with a mammalian host. The transition of L. monocytogenes from soil dweller to cytosolic pathogen is dependent upon secreted virulence factors that mediate cell invasion and intracellular growth. PrsA1 and PrsA2 are secreted bacterial lipoprotein chaperones that contribute to the folding of proteins translocated across the bacterial membrane; PrsA2 is required for L. monocytogenes virulence, whereas the function of PrsA1 remains to be determined. We have solved an X-ray crystal structure of PrsA1 and have used this model to guide comparison structure-based mutagenesis studies with PrsA2. Targeted mutagenesis of PrsA2 demonstrates that oligomerization of PrsA2 as well as molecular features of the foldase domain are required for protein secretion and virulence, whereas a functional role was uncovered for PrsA1 in bacterial resistance to alcohol. Interestingly, PrsA2 membrane localization is not required for all PrsA2-dependent activities, suggesting that the lipoprotein retains function when released from the bacterial cell. PrsA chaperones are thus multifaceted proteins with distinct domains adapted to accommodate the functional needs of a diverse array of secreted substrates.
Abstract 4755: Importance of an induction dose to the immunogenicity of cancer vaccines: A reverse translational study

We have described a human cancer vaccine consisting of autologous, irradiated melanoma cells modified with the hapten, dinitrophenyl (DNP), and mixed with BCG. Because of its immunopotentiating effect, low dose cyclophosphamide (CY) was administered 3 days before the first of a series of vaccine injections. The vaccine induced T cell immunity to both haptenized and unmodified autologous melanoma cells; clinical effectiveness was suggested by tumor regression in some stage IV patients and an unexpectedly high proportion of 5-year survivors in stage IIIB and IIIC patients. A serendipitous finding from these studies was the critical importance of what we came to call an “induction dose” of vaccine - a single injection of irradiated, autologous melanoma cells without BCG 5-7 days prior to CY. Patients who received a properly timed induction dose had more intense T cell responses (positive DTH to unmodified melanoma cells 73% vs. 20%, p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4755.
On the molecular action of local anesthetics. 1. The mitochondrian as a model membrane system for studying local anesthetic action.

Local anesthetics inhibit valinomycin-induced potassium uptake and basic protein-induced swelling of liver mitochondria. The present results suggest that a common feature of these effects of the local anesthetics on mitochondria is a stabilization of membrane structure. In view of the proposed role of protein conformational changes in nerve impulse conduction, the results suggest that the molecular mechanism of local anesthesia may involve an inhibition of membrane conformational changes rather than a direct inhibition of transport of monovalent or divalent cations, as generally believed. A correlation exists between the activity of these drugs on mitochondria and their activity on nerve conduction blockade. The mitochondrion may therefore serve as a useful model system to study local anesthetic action at the molecular level. Structure-activity studies indicate that the major determinant of potency of these anesthetics on mitochondria is the lipid solubility of the drug.
Impact of Remanent Magnetic Field on the Heat Load of Original CEBAF Cryomodule

The heat load of the original cryomodules for the continuous electron beam accelerator facility is ~50% higher than the target value of 100 W at 2.07 K for refurbished cavities operating at an accelerating gradient of 12.5 MV/m. This issue is due to the quality factor of the cavities being ~50% lower in the cryomodule than when tested in a vertical cryostat, even at low RF field. Previous studies were not conclusive about the origin of the additional losses. We present the results of a systematic study of the additional losses in a five-cell cavity from a decommissioned cryomodule after attaching components, which are part of the cryomodule, such as the cold tuner, the He tank, and the cold magnetic shield, prior to cryogenic testing in a vertical cryostat. Flux-gate magnetometers and temperature sensors are used as diagnostic elements. Different cool-down procedures and tests in different residual magnetic fields were investigated during the study. Three flux-gate magnetometers attached to one of the cavities installed in the refurbished cryomodule C50-12 confirmed the hypothesis of high residual magnetic field as a major cause for the increased RF losses.
Anisotropic Overgrowth of Palladium on Gold Nanorods in the Presence of Salicylic Acid Family Additives

We explored the use of salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives 5-formylsalicylic acid (FSA) and 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) as organic additives to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in synthesizing gold nanorods (AuNRs) followed by palladium (Pd) capping at the ends of AuNRs. In the AuNR synthesis step, SA family additives in the presence of low concentration of CTAB (50 mM) serve as both the prereducing agent and the cofactor in nanorod growth. At an optimum additive/CTAB ratio (0.1–0.2), AuNRs grow to the longest length. At low additive concentrations, the gold seeds do not grow. At high concentrations, the longitudinal growth of AuNRs is disrupted because the excessive additive disturbs the ligand structure, leading to more isotropic growth. In the Pd overgrowth step, Pd starts to grow from both ends for AuNRs synthesized at optimum additive/CTAB ratios. Feeding more Pd grows the particles into a core–shell structure, possibly because there lacks a tight ligand layer on Pd that favors the longitudi...
Upregulation of miRNA-4776 in Influenza Virus Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Associated with Downregulation of NFKBIB and Increased Viral Survival.

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One key transcription factor that is activated upon IAV infection is nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB regulation involves the inhibitor proteins NF-κB inhibitor beta (NFKBIB), (also known as IκB β), which form complexes with NF-κB to sequester it in the cytoplasm. In this study, microarray data showed differential expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) on exposure to IAV. Target scan analysis revealed that miR-4776, miR-4514 and miR-4742 potentially target NFKBIB messenger RNA (mRNA). Time-course analysis of primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) showed that miR-4776 expression is increased within 1 h of infection, followed by its downregulation 4 h post-exposure to IAV. NFKBIB upregulation of miR-4776 correlated with a decrease in NFKBIB expression within 1 h of infection and a subsequent increase in NFKBIB expression 4 h post-infection. In addition, miRNA ago-immunoprecipitation studies and the three prime untranslated region (3’ UTR) luciferase assay confirmed that miR-4776 targets NFKBIB mRNA. Furthermore, uninfected HBEpCs transfected with miR-4776 mimic showed decreased expression of NFKBIB mRNA. Overexpression of NFKBIB protein in IAV infected cells led to lower levels of IAV. Taken together, our data suggest that miRNA-4776 modulates IAV production in infected cells through NFKBIB expression, possibly through the modulation of NF-κB.
Symposium on Critical Junctures and Historical Legacies

This symposium brings together ten essays that explore hypotheses about critical junctures, understood as major episodes of institutional innovation that generate an enduring legacy. Scholars routinely focus on episodes of innovation that occur in contrasting ways across cases, which in turn yields distinct trajectories of change and produces different legacies. These contrasts readily lend themselves to analysis based on the comparative method, generally combined with process tracing. For the analysis of single cases, the comparison is typically focused on explicit or implicit counterfactual alternatives that might have produced different trajectories of change. The critical juncture framework is seen as offering a set of hypotheses that may or may not fit a given historical situation, and whose actual fit must be demonstrated with great care. The symposium builds on Lipset and Rokkan’s (1967) classic study of cleavage structures and party systems, as well as Collier and Collier’s (1991) Shaping the Political Arena. The introduction by the coeditors provides an overall framework for studying critical junctures and the essays apply this framework, while at same time moving the discussion in new directions. The substantive domains explored include state-formation, party systems, neoliberal transformation, religion, law, economic growth, and colonial rebellion. Most essays focus on Latin America, while two discuss Europe and the United States; some analyze developments since the 1980s, whereas others reach back to the 19th century. Given that a critical juncture hypothesis inherently focuses on trajectories of change that extend over a substantial period of time, a key issue debated in the symposium is the amount of historical perspective required to establish that a critical juncture has in fact occurred. Contributors to the symposium, in addition to the coeditors, are Sidney Tarrow, Kenneth M. Roberts, Robert R. Kaufman, Taylor C. Boas, Timothy R. Scully, Jorge I. Dominguez, Sebastian L. Mazzuca, Andrew C. Gould, and Thad Dunning.
Kinematic Design of Optimally Fault Tolerant Robots for Different Joint Failure Probabilities

A measure of fault tolerance for different joint failure probabilities is defined based on the properties of the singular values of the Jacobian after failures. Using this measure, methods to design optimally fault tolerant robots for an arbitrary set of joint failure probabilities and multiple cases of joint failure probabilities are introduced separately. Given an arbitrary set of joint failure probabilities, the optimal null space that optimizes the fault tolerant measure is derived, and the associated isotropic Jacobians are constructed. The kinematic parameters of the optimally fault tolerant robots are then generated from these Jacobians. One special case, i.e., how to construct the optimal Jacobian of spatial 7R robots for both positioning and orienting is further discussed. For multiple cases of joint failure probabilities, the optimal robot is designed through optimizing the sum of the fault tolerant measures for all the possible joint failure probabilities. This technique is illustrated on planar 3R robots, and it is shown that there exists a family of optimal robots.
Depression and Pain Interference Correlate With Physical Function in Patients Recovering From Hand Surgery

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures vary more than expected based on underlying pathology, in part due to the substantial influence of mood and coping strategies. Methods: This study addressed the primary null hypothesis that the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function score 1 month (range, 3-8 weeks) after hand surgery is not associated with PROMIS Depression and PROMIS Pain Interference scores prior to surgery, accounting for other factors. Using an institution-wide database of routinely collected patient-reported outcomes, we identified adult patients who underwent wrist ganglion excision, trapeziometacarpal arthroplasty, hand ganglion excision, trigger digit, De Quervain, and carpal tunnel release. Measures collected included the PROMIS Physical Function Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT), PROMIS Pain Interference CAT, and PROMIS Depression CAT. We sought factors associated with postsurgical PROMIS Physical Function scores and change between preoperative and postoperative score using multivariable linear regression, accounting for age, sex, surgery type, provider, and time from surgery to postsurgical measurement. Results: Higher postoperative PROMIS Physical Function score was independently associated with lower PROMIS Pain Interference scores, lower PROMIS Depression scores, younger age, and treatment by provider team 3. Greater change in PROMIS Physical Function score was independently associated with greater PROMIS Pain Interference scores, greater time from surgery, and treatment by provider team 3. Conclusions: Mood and effective coping strategies affect the level of symptoms and limitations during recovery from hand surgery and represent important treatment opportunities for enhancing recovery.
Policy Schemas for Affirmative Action

Controversy about policies of affirmative action is pervasive in American society. Today, almost anywhere affirmative action polices may influence hiring decisions people wonder about the role that such policies play in determining who will and will not be hired. This chapter examines people’s beliefs about affirmative action and how these beliefs influence their perceptions of and behavior toward those who may benefit from affirmative action policies.
Serotypes of Rotavirus that Infect Infants Symptomatically and Asymptomatically

Since the initial report of rotavirus in humans in 19731, infection has been shown to span the age range from neonates to the elderly, with the highest rate in the group from six months to two years of age2,3. Rotavirus causes 10% to 50% of the diarrheal episodes that require hospitalization in this age group, and based upon community studies causes 0.2 to 0.8 episodes/child/year with 50% being asymptomatic4,5. The successful production of serotype-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies has permitted epidemiologic surveys to be conducted to examine the importance of rotavirus serotypes.
Injury to the pre-pubertal vas deferens. I. Histological analysis of pre-pubertal human vas.

AbstractThere is very little information in the literature on the development of the human vas deferens. Therefore, the age at which the pre- or para-pubertal vas deferens becomes large enough for a vasovasostomy to be technically feasible is unknown. To determine the age or degree of sexual maturity at which a microscopic vasovasostomy is technically feasible, we collected surgical or autopsy vasa from 34 young males over a three year period, and correlated vasal size to age and Tanner stage (degree of sexual maturity ranging from 1-childhood to 5-adult). The specimens were embedded and sectioned transversely in glycol methacrylate. Using image analysis, the total transverse area and diameter, and luminal area and diameter was determined for each specimen.Surprisingly, there was no change in vasal size from birth up through 11 years. From age 15 years and on, the vas was adult in size. The vas develops to adult size between Tanner stages 2 and 3. The average external and luminal diameters of pre-midpuber...
Chapter 10 – Chemical reactions

A chemical reaction is an irreversible process and produces entropy. In this chapter dissipation function for chemical reactions and coupled reactions are presented. The general criterion of irreversibility is d i S >0. Criteria applicable under particular conditions are readily obtained from the Gibbs equation. The changes in thermodynamic potentials for chemical reactions are given by
A Secure Body Sensor Network Architecture with CP-ABE Based Fine-Grained Data Access Control

Body Sensor Network (BSN) is a network of wirelessly connected physiological sensors. BSNs offer promising innovative medical and non-medical applications. In such applications and networks, security is essential, critical, and challenging. In this context, data privacy and data security are major requirements. The ultimate goal of data privacy is to implement an efficient fine-grained data access control. Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) schemes offer a vital option for achieving fine-grained data access control in BSNs. In this work, we propose a secure cluster-based BSN architecture optimized for an energy-efficient operation. The new architecture is designed to allow flexible operation by 1) implementing CP-ABE either on sensor nodes or on the BSN controller, and 2) targeting specific performance merits through proposed enhancement approaches. Three CP-ABE schemes are investigated, the original CP-ABE (BSW), an enhanced CP-ABE (ECP- ABE), and a CP-ABE scheme with constant ciphertext length (CCP-ABE). Thorough simulations are conducted on the MICAz sensor node platform. The performance evaluation, for typical BSN applications, shows that ECP-ABE outperforms BSW. Interestingly, CCP-ABE provides only a marginal advantage in cluster lifetime compared to ECP-ABE defeating the purpose of sacrificing flexible access structure for constant ciphertext length.
Extending r/K selection with a maternal risk-management model that classifies animal species into divergent natural selection categories

Reproduction is a defining process of biological systems. Every generation, across all species, breeding females repopulate ecosystems with offspring. r/K selection was the first theory to classify animal species by linking the rates with which breeding females repopulated ecosystems, to the stability of ecosystems. Here, I introduce a species classification scheme that extends the reach of r-K selection and CSR selection by linking breeder investments in offspring quantity, quality, and diversity to specific natural selection pressures. The species classification scheme is predicated on the assumption that high rates of predation favor breeders that invest more in offspring quantity than quality; and that spatiotemporal scarcity favors breeders that investment more in offspring quality than quantity. I present equations that convert the species classification scheme into a maternal risk-management model. Thereafter, using the equations, I classify eighty-seven animal species into the model's natural selection categories. Species of reptiles, fish, and marine invertebrates clustered in the predation selection category. Species of birds and mammals clustered in the scarcity selection category. Several species of apex predators clustered in the weak selection category. Several species of social insects and social mammals clustered in the convergent selection category. In summary, by acknowledging breeding females as the individuals upon which natural selection acts to repopulate ecosystems with offspring, the proposed maternal risk-management model offers a testable, theoretical framework for the field of ecology.
Microbial Inoculum Composition and Pre-weaned Dairy Calf Age Alter the Developing Rumen Microbial Environment.

The objective of this experiment was to determine if microbial inoculum composition alters the rumen microbial ecology and performance of pre-weaned dairy calves. Twenty Holstein bull calves were removed from their dam at birth, fed 3.8 L colostrum within 1-4 hours after birth, and housed individually. Calves were fed pasteurized milk 3x/d and offered a texturized calf starter ad libitum at 6d of age. A randomized complete block design with repeated measures and a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to evaluate responses. Treatments were administered by stomach intubation and included: 50 mL autoclaved rumen fluid (RF), 50 mL bacterial-enriched RF (BE), 50 mL protozoal-enriched RF (PE); or 50 mL of each BE and PE inoculum. A rumen content composite was collected from 4 rumen fistulated, lactating Holstein cows. BE inocula were microscopically confirmed to be free of ciliate protozoa before inoculation, while PE contained 2.9±2.2 x 105 protozoa/mL. RF was collected from the calves and inocula were administered once/week at 3-6 weeks of age by stomach intubation. pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration of the PE inocula were greater than BE inocula (P<0.001). PE inoculum (3.7±0.5 mM) had lower NH3 concentrations than BE inoculum (6.8 mM). The bacterial community structure and composition differed by inocula type (P<0.01). Animal performance was not altered by inocula type. All calves were microscopically free of rumen ciliates at 3 weeks of age and calves that did not receive PE remained ciliate-free. Ciliate protozoa were observed in RF from 6, 8, and 6 PE calves (n=10) at week 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Ruminal NH3 was lower in PE calves (3.3 vs 6.8±1.0 mM), while ruminal butyrate molar percent was greater in BE calves (10.8 vs 8.3±0.8). Rumen bacterial diversity measures did not differ by treatment. Individual calf bacterial communities from treated calves became temporarily similar to the inocula, but these communities diverged from the inocula prior to the last inoculation. This study provides new information about two types of rumen-derived inocula and insight into the challenges of directing the rumen microbial environment in the pre-weaned calf.
Working with Avatars and High Schoolers to Teach Qualitative Methods to Undergraduates.

Learning to conduct qualitative research is a complex endeavor. In this article, I introduce mixed reality simulations as a scaffolded learning tool to support student mastery of learning and knowing how to conduct qualitative research. Like flight simulators used to train airline pilots prior to flying an actual airplane, mixed reality simulations provide active practice opportunities to interact with avatars in order to practice newly learned skills. I discuss this in the context of my experiences using mixed reality in an undergraduate youth participatory action research methods course as a scaffold before joining research teams with high-school-aged coresearchers.
Change in Drop-Landing Mechanics Over 2 Years in Young Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background:While between-limb landing asymmetries after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are linked with poor function and risk of additional injury, it is not currently understood ...
Bringing simulation to the classroom using an unfolding video patient scenario: A quasi-experimental study to examine student satisfaction, self-confidence, and perceptions of simulation design.

Abstract Background Teaching strategies to promote experiential learning in the classroom are important to facilitate students' clinical reasoning abilities. Using video to simulate unfolding patient scenarios in the classroom has the potential to engage students through active learning and to enhance their ability to connect theory to practice. Objectives Study objectives were to: (1) Evaluate nursing students' satisfaction and self-confidence in learning and perceptions of the design of a simulated patient scenario delivered via video in the classroom and (2) Compare findings to students' satisfaction, self-confidence, and perceptions of the design of prior high-fidelity simulation experiences in the laboratory. Design A quasi-experimental approach was used. Setting The study setting was a nursing classroom at a University in the southeast United States. Participants Convenience sampling was utilized and 54 students in their final semester of a pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing program participated. Methods The intervention was an unfolding video patient scenario delivered in the classroom. Prior to the intervention, participants completed two measurement tools to collect information about their satisfaction, self-confidence, and perceptions of the design of prior high-fidelity simulations. After the intervention, these tools were administered again to collect data about the video simulation experience in the classroom. Results Participants had a higher level of satisfaction (p = 0.002) and self-confidence (p Conclusions Use of unfolding video patient scenarios in the classroom can promote student engagement in learning. Nurse educators should consider this teaching strategy that provides students with opportunities to connect and apply classroom content to patient care.
Evolving sediment dynamics due to anthropogenic processes in upper Chesapeake Bay

Abstract Like many estuaries, the upper Chesapeake Bay effectively traps sediment from its tributaries and shorelines. However, evolving sediment dynamics from human influences such as increased soil conservation, dam construction (and subsequent infill), and increased shoreline stabilization have altered sediment loads to the Bay. Sediment budgets are important tools for evaluating sediment dynamics through identifying sources, sinks, and transport pathways. The most recent upper Bay sediment budget was developed >25 years ago and does not reflect the evolution of sediment delivery. The objective of this study is to develop an updated sediment budget through quantitative analysis of the upper Bay's major sediment sources (Susquehanna River and shoreline erosion) and sinks (deposition in the Susquehanna Flats region and mainstem Bay). Results indicate that Susquehanna River input to upper Bay has decreased during low flows, due to implementation of conservation-management strategies, but increased during high flows, from infilling of the Conowingo Reservoir. Inputs from shoreline erosion have decreased due to increased shoreline stabilization. Mass accumulation rates in the upper Bay generally decrease with distance downstream, but elevated sedimentation rates occur in deeper water, and possibly represent sediment focusing near channels. Insights gained from this study not only inform sediment management strategies in the Bay and similar systems, but also can help forecast potential future trajectories from environmental and anthropogenic drivers. For example, changing climate is projected to increase precipitation, storminess, and sea-level rise (SLR), which would increase both Susquehanna River and shoreline erosion sediment inputs. These changes could help the sedimentation rates keep pace with SLR but also may degrade downstream ecosystems due to increased fine-sediment input and turbidity. Shoreline stabilization will also likely increase, which would reduce shoreline erosion and thus sand inputs necessary for some nearshore benthic habitats to keep pace SLR.
Novel technique to measure mutual bulk fluid diffusion using NMR 1-D gradient

Many modelling and theoretical studies have shown that diffusion can be a significant transport mechanism in low-permeability porous media. Understanding the process allows engineers to better predict reservoir performance during both primary production and enhanced recovery in unconventional reservoirs. Direct measurement of effective diffusion in tight rocks is difficult, due to small pore volumes and the lack of techniques to actually monitor the process. Conventional diffusion measurements generally require fluid sampling, which induces a pressure transient which changes the mass transfer mechanism. Previously, we introduced a novel technique to measure tortuosity in nano-porous media by simultaneously monitoring methane versus nitrogen concentrations at high pressure using transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). To complete the estimation of effective diffusion, bulk fluid diffusion coefficient also needs to be measured. In this study, we demonstrate the usage of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1-D imaging to examine the dynamic change of Hydrogen Index (HI) across the interface between two bulk fluids. The experiment was conducted between a crude oil sample and methane; fluid samples were pressurized within an NMR transparent ZrO2 pressure cell which operates at pressures up to 10,000 psi. The Hydrogen Index (HI) profile was continuously measured and recorded for 7 days. The results provided oil the swelling factor and the concentration profile as a function of both time and distance. These data then were fitted with Maxwell-Stefan equation to precisely back calculate the diffusion coefficient between oil and gas samples at high pressure. Accurate estimation of tortuosity and fluid diffusion is critical for the gas injection strategy in a shale formation. Greater tortuosity and smaller fluid diffusion rate lead to longer injection and production times for desirable economic recovery.
Repercusiones para la salud pública y tratamiento del insomnio

Un numero creciente de personas esta preocupado por su sueno en Estados Unidos. Hay una cantidad estimada de 40 millones de ciudadanos estadounidenses con trastornos cronicos del sueno. El coste de los trastornos del sueno para la sociedad se ha estimado en mas de 90.000 millones de dolares estadounidenses. A pesar de este enorme coste para la sociedad, la falta de atencion al manejo medico de este problema sigue siendo muy extendida. Esto se combina con una financiacion inadecuada de la investigacion de los trastornos del sueno. Se dispone de tratamientos para mejorar el insomnio. Estos tratamientos incluyen diferentes regimenes conductuales y farmacologicos que se pueden utilizar por separado o en combinacion. El tratamiento acertado requiere un conocimiento completo del diagnostico diferencial del insomnio. El mayor reto de salud publica en el manejo del insomnio es como desarrollar programas educativos efectivos que permitan al publico general mejorar su sueno. Esto requerira mayor cooperacion de los suministradores de asistencia primaria y el gobierno. Los trastornos del sueno son el problema de salud publica mas importante no consignado en los Estados Unidos.
Effects on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Motility After Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal With Sugammadex Versus Neostigmine/Glycopyrrolate in Colorectal Surgery Patients

Background:Neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) used during surgery have historically been reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic agents, which can slow gastrointestinal motilit...
A bibliometric analysis of Atangana-Baleanu operators in fractional calculus

Abstract Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematical analysis that studies the several different possibilities of defining real number powers or complex number powers of the differentiation and integration operators. Recently, Atangana and Baleanu proposed operators based on generalized Mittag-Leffler functions to solve fractional integrals and derivatives. These contributions have set off an explosion of new research in fractional calculus, and this paper present a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the peer-reviewed papers inspired by Atangana and Baleanu. In total, 351 papers in the Scopus database have used Atangana-Baleanu operators and this number is growing at 80.25% each year since 2016. These papers were written by 343 authors, predominantly from Mexico, Saudi Arabia and India. Although these data show that Atangana-Baleanu operators support global and fast growing scientific research, the field is dominated statistically by a few productive individuals. I present citation network of the most prolific authors and show collaboration and citation networks. Finally, I present a thematic analysis of the papers applying Atanagana-Baleanu operators and show how research forms clusters based on: analytical solutions, numerical simulations or applications in science and engineering.
Using the World Café Methodology to support community-centric research and practice in library and information science

Abstract The World Cafe (TWC) methodology is a form of action research that develops collective knowledge among individuals and communities to address shared problems. TWC can complement LIS research and practice that is increasingly participatory and community centric. The potentials and pitfalls for TWC are illustrated by ongoing research examining public library service to LGBTQIA+ communities for health information. The authors used TWC in a community forum between LGBTQIA+ community leaders and librarians/paraprofessionals in [name removed for blind review]. Per TWC conventions, participants engaged in day-long rotating cafe-style table conversations that encouraged new ideas and collective dialog. Discussion centered on two themes: barriers to health information faced by LGBTQIA+ communities and collective strategies for leaders and librarians/paraprofessionals to address them. Findings indicate that TWC can advance LIS research and practice in the following ways: refuting deficit frameworks, fostering information communities, and supporting social-justice-oriented praxis. Methodological shortcomings relate to the blind spots TWC affords to social inequality and power. The authors recommend that researchers and practitioners should incorporate intersectional and reflexive methods into TWC to address these shortcomings.
Unlocking the potential of minimally processed corn germ oil and high oleic soybean oil to prepare oleogels for bakery application

In this study, the influence of sunflower wax (SFX) concentration (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%) on the properties of oleogels prepared using expeller-pressed corn germ oil (EPC) or high oleic soybean oil (EPS) was comprehensively investigated. Overall, oleogels can be prepared from both EP oils at an SFX level ≥3 wt%. The strength of oleogels depends on SFX concentration. EPS oleogels had better rheological properties and a higher amount of platelet-like crystals than EPC oleogels. The characteristics of cookies prepared with both oleogels were evaluated and compared to cookies prepared with commercial shortening. The lipid distribution in the cookies as visualized by CLSM suggested that EPS oleogels with a 5 or 7 wt% SFX had a greater possibility of replacing commercial shortening as they exhibited even lipid distribution which enabled good air-incorporation and air retention abilities. This research provides a foundation for developing healthy bakery products by using minimally processed oil based oleogels.