cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linear and geometrically non-linear analysis of composite beams under transverse loading

Abstract The flexural analysis of fiber-reinforced composite beams based on a higher-order shear deformation theory is studied. The geometric non-linearity is incorporated in the formulation by considering the von Karman strains. The finite element method is used to solve the non-linear governing equations by direct iteration. Unlike conventional beam models, the present beam model accounts for y direction strains. It is observed that the solution obtained from the two approaches differ slightly in the case of cross-ply laminates, but there exists a considerable difference in the case of angle-ply laminates. The influence of boundary conditions, beam geometries, and ply orientations on the deflections and stresses of laminated beams is shown both in tabular and graphical form.
Microstructures of niobium-germanium alloys processed in inert gas in the 100 meter drop tube

The 100 meter drop tube at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has been used for a series of experiments with niobium-germanium alloys. These experiments were conducted with electromagnetic levitation melting in a 200 torr helium environment. Liquid alloys experienced large degrees of undercooling prior to solidification in the drop tube. Several interesting metastable structures were observed. However, the recalescence event prevented extended solid solubility of germanium in the A-15 beta phase. Liquids of eutectic composition were found to undercool in the presence of solid alpha and solid Nb5Ge3.
N-Tosylimidates in highly enantioselective organocatalytic Michael reactions

Abstract N -Tosylimidates acted as nucleophiles in highly enantioselective organocatalytic Michael addition reactions to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of a catalytic amount of trialkylsilyl-protected diarylprolinol. In particular, α-phenyl-substituted N -tosylimidates showed good reactivity. We also demonstrate that the kinetic acidity of the α-proton of α-phenyl N -tosylimidate as measured by proton/deuterium NMR exchange experiments is correlated with the potential of N -tosylimidates to act as nucleophiles in organocatalytic reactions.
Magnified surgery for epididymovasostomy

Abstract Recent technologic advances in the manufacture of suture materials, coupled with the employment of magnification during meticulous surgery, have made possible hitherto unobtainable successes with epididymovasostomy in the management of infertility due to congenital and inflammatory epididymal obstructions. Techniques. of surgery and results in 115 cases of epididymovasostomy are discussed.
Do men and women differ in emotional and ego involvement with food

Abstract An important belief that pervades much of the thinking about the problems that young women have with their food habits is that women, much more than men, are emotionally involved with food, and they derive a fair portion of their identity from their eating habits. I conducted a study in which undergraduate men and women answered questions about the affective and ego-involving aspects of eating, as well as questions about their satisfaction with their eating habits, finickiness, personal fastidiousness, etc. In addition, to uncover some of the likely antecedents of study participants' emotional and ego entanglements with food, I included questions about their parent's food socialization practices. A three-stage analysis of the questionnaire yielded a number of surprises. First, no sex differences were found in the level of affective or ego involvement with food. In a factor analysis, affective and ego involvement loaded onto the same factor (the first) in both sexes; the women’s first factor included a social component, while the men’s did not. Finally, the overall factor solution for men and women was fairly, but not completely, similar (congruence =.57). These results indicate that differences in the way men and women think about food are not likely candidates to explain the difference in eating habits between the sexes (e.g., dieting and binging). I suggest that future studies pay more attention to the social aspects and consequences of eating—such as how food might be used in social exchanges—and less attention to women’s intrapsychic concerns about eating.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of AA 7075-T651 in Various Electrolytes—Statistical Treatment of Data Obtained Using DCB Precracked Specimens

Abstract Double cantilever beam specimens were employed to measure the rate of stress corrosion crack growth of AA 7075-T651 in 1 N NaClO4, 1 N NaCl, 1 N Na2SO4, and 1 N NaNO3 solutions. Perchlorate is a noncomplexing anion, so the tests conducted in NaClO4 solution should not be affected by specific anion effects. The data were treated statistically to arrive at a measure of the reliability of the test using DCB specimens. The crack growth rate in 1 N NaClO4 solution was 0.81×10−6 cm sec−1, as compared with 1 N NaCl solution, 1.43×10−6 cm sec−1; 1 N NaNO3, 0.48×10−6 cm sec−1; and Na2SO4, 0.29×10−6 cm sec−1. These tests are generally reproducible to about 5 to 10%. The pH of the solution in the advancing crack in NaClO4 solution was 6.2 to 6.9, as compared with 3.2 in NaCl solution. The Al+++ concentration was low, in the range of 0.005 to 0.001 M. To study metallurgical effects in the stress corrosion cracking of high strength aluminum alloys, it would be advisable to use perchlorate instead of chloride ...
Commitment as psychological process: Theory and pastoral implications

Persons today must devote significant effort to making and remaking personal commitments in a variety of contexts, both interpersonal and social in the larger sense. Therefore, it is important for pastors to acquire an understanding of the basic dynamics of the committing process. It is proposed that this process be viewed as a form of creativity involving four alternating phases, in which “regression in the service of the ego” allows deep and realistic commitments of self to be formed. Implications for pastoral care are suggested.
Surgical management of internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle facial nerve schwannoma.

Objective To investigate the long-term patient outcomes after tumor debulking for internal auditory canal facial schwannoma (FNS). Study design Retrospective case review. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patients Patients operated on between 1998 and 2010 for a preoperative diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma with the intraoperative identification FNS instead. Intervention Diagnostic and therapeutic. Main outcome measures House-Brackmann facial nerve score immediately and at long-term follow-up (>1 yr); recurrence of tumor. Results Sixteen patients were identified who were presumed to have vestibular schwannoma but intraoperatively were diagnosed with facial nerve schwannoma. Eleven underwent debulking surgery (67%-99% tumor removal), 2 underwent decompression only, 2 were diagnosed with nervus intermedius tumors and had total tumor removal with preservation of the motor branch of cranial nerve VII, and 1 had complete tumor removal with facial nerve grafting. Five of 11 debulking patients underwent the middle cranial fossa approach for tumor removal; the remainder had translabyrinthine resections. One debulking patient was lost to follow-up. Nine of 10 patients with long-term follow-up had House-Brackmann Grade I or II facial function. One patient had recurrence of the tumor that required revision surgery with total removal and facial nerve grafting. Conclusion Tumor debulking for FNS provides an opportunity for tumor removal and excellent facial nerve function. Continuous facial nerve monitoring is vital for successful debulking surgery. FNS debulking is feasible via the middle cranial fossa approach. Serial postoperative imaging is warranted to monitor for recurrence.
Institutional Herding in the ADR Market

This study examines institutional herding in the ADR market between 1985 and 1998. We find a significant positive relation between changes in institutional ownership and ADR returns over the same period. The positive relation persists after we control for the momentum effect in the US stock markets. We also find that in the ADR market, past winners (losers) in the herding period continue to be the winners (losers) in the post-herding period. The lack of a returns reversal suggests institutional herding is related to momentum trading. However, the positive relation between institutional ownership changes and ADR returns remains after controlling for momentum trading in the ADR market. Our results also rule out that positive feedback trading is related to institutional herding in the ADR market.
Mass transport in laser surface alloying: iron-nickel system.

The role of fluid flow in producing uniformly alloyed beads in laser surface alloying is examined and the experimental finding that the uniformity of alloying increased with a decrease in the beam diameter is analyzed. Fluid flow can dominate the process of solute redistribution in the melt pool by producing a fine dispersion of solute rich pockets. The fineness of the scale is estimated and found to compare favorably with the experimentally measured scale of local fluctuations in composition. It is found that the magnitude of the surface tension gradients is primarily dependent upon the magnitude of the surface temperature gradients. This can be used to estimate the effect of process parameters on the vigor of the fluid flow in the pool, which controls the process of mass transport in laser surface alloying.
Primary Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor of the Lung

A 40-year-old woman presented to our institution with abnormal uterine bleeding, elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels, and a mass in the left lower lobe of her lung. She underwent a thoracoscopic lobectomy after further staging and workup revealed no other abnormalities. Pathologic examination of the lung mass revealed an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. In patients with elevated β-human chorionic gonadotropin levels, a lung mass, and a negative gynecologic examination, primary epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the lung should be considered.
The genital capsule of the alydidae (Hemiptera : Heteroptera : Coreoidea)

Abstract I studied the alydid genital capsule to discover characters useful in establishing the relationships of the Alydidae with other families, and in separating the subfamilies and tribes of the Alydidae. The Alydidae share several features of the capsule with the Rhopalidae and, to a lesser extent, certain Coreidae. The Alydidae also possess some features of their own: a (usually) paired 9th tergal remnant, a slight excision of the ventral rim, no infolded dorsal rim, and no setiferous ridge externally; but these may not be apomorphies. The subfamily Micrelytrinae is characterized by a spurlike extension of the ventral rim; other structural details of the capsule separate the Micrelytrinae and the Leptocorisinae, but none clearly delimits the Alydiae. The homologies of the dorsal wall's sclerites and membranes are discussed at length, as are other aspects of the capsule's structures.
Gawain: A Casebook

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2006 Pages: 376 Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0415971225 (hard cover). Prices: $110.00 USD(hard cover).
Biopsychosocial Model of Hypersexuality in Adolescent Girls With Bipolar Disorder: Strategies for Intervention

TOPIC: Engagement in high-risk behaviors, impaired judgment, and hypersexuality present unique health challenges to adolescent girls with bipolar disorder (BD). Behavioral management of sexuality does not routinely fall under the purview of psychiatric care, but requires preventive measures. PURPOSE: This paper presents a biopsychosocial model of hypersexuality in girls with BD, describes factors that lead to high-risk sexual behaviors, and provides a framework for cognitive-behavioral intervention. SOURCES USED: The study used a review of empirically based clinical and research literature. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual health education, improved treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, interpersonal skills training, parental involvement, and clinician education can improve hypersexual behavior in girls with BD. Language: en
The SLC Energy Upgrade Program at SLAC

The SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) must reach a nominal center-of-mass energy of 100 GeV to fulfill its high energy physics goals. This paper describes the energy upgrade program that is being implemented on the SLAC linear accelerator to meet these goals. It includes a discussion of the design requirements and available technical options, the rationale for the adopted solution, and the technical problems involved in the engineering and production of klystrons and modulators.
Prospective relations between bulimic pathology, depression, and substance abuse: unpacking comorbidity in adolescent girls.

To elucidate the processes that contribute to the comorbidity between bulimic pathology, depression, and substance abuse, the authors tested the temporal relations between these disturbances with prospective data from adolescent girls (N 496). Multivariate analyses indicated that depressive symptoms predicted onset of bulimic pathology but not of substance abuse, bulimic symptoms predicted onset of depression but not of substance abuse, and substance abuse symptoms predicted onset of depression but not of bulimic pathology. Results suggest that the comorbidity arises because certain disorders are risk factors for the other disorders. Findings also provide support for select etiologic theories and further establish the clinical significance of these conditions by showing that they increase risk for onset of other psychiatric disturbances. Community-recruited studies have consistently indicated that bulimic pathology is associated with significant elevations in major depression and substance abuse during adolescence (Johnson, Cohen, Kasen, & Brook, 2002; Lewinsohn, Hops, Roberts, Seeley, & Andrews, 1993; Newman et al., 1996; Stice, Presnell, & Bear
Information capacity of nanowire crossbar switching networks

Crossbar switching networks formed by nanowires are promising future data storage devices. This work addresses the fundamental question: What is the information storage capacity of a crossbar switching network? The two major classes of nanowire crossbar switching networks are considered, those with ohmic and those with semiconductive switches. The focus is on the first class which is in the center of current nanotechnology research. Exact, simple approximate, and asymptotic expressions of the information storage capacity are provided as functions of the network size. The derivations indicate technological and geometrical considerations in the design of efficient nanowire devices
Discordance between aeroallergen specific serum IgE and skin testing in children younger than 4 years.

Abstract Background Atopic sensitization to aeroallergens in early life has been found to be a strong risk factor for the development of persisting asthma in young children with recurrent wheeze. Objective To assess the yield of skin prick test (SPT) compared with allergen specific serum IgE (sIgE) testing at identifying aeroallergen sensitization in atopic children younger than 4 years. Methods Concordance between SPT and allergen-specific sIgE testing for 7 common aeroallergens was analyzed in 40 atopic inner-city children 18 to 48 months of age (mean [SD], 36 [9] months) with recurrent wheezing and family history of asthma and/or eczema. Results In 80% of children one or more allergen sensitizations would have been missed if only SPT had been performed, and in 38% of children one or more sensitizations would have been missed if only sIgE testing had been performed. Agreement between the SPT and sIgE test was fair for most allergens (κ = −0.04 to 0.50), as was correlation between sIgE levels and SPT grade (ρ = 0.21 to 0.55). Children with high total sIgE (≥300 kU/L) were more likely to have positive sIgE test results, with negative corresponding SPT results ( P = .02). Conclusion Our study revealed a significant discordance between allergen-specific SPT and sIgE testing results for common aeroallergens, suggesting that both SPT and sIgE testing should be performed when diagnosing allergic sensitization in young children at high risk of asthma. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01028560
Implications of the 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria.

Since their last revision in 1987, nurses and other health professionals have looked to the American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis in working with arthritis patients. At the time of their development, these criteria reflected our current understanding and definition of established disease and allowed us to stratify patients into those with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Arnett et al, 1987). Unfortunately, the 1987 criteria have been limited in their ability to recognize those with early RA among patients who present with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis. This limitation has been more fully appreciated over the past several years since the discovery of new disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as biologics, and more sensitive laboratory testing, such as anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, which can precede the development of clinical disease by years. (Rantapaa-Dahlqvis et al, 2003). Early implementation of modern DMARD treatment regi...
Empirical Risk Minimization for Probabilistic Grammars: Sample Complexity and Hardness of Learning

Probabilistic grammars are generative statistical models that are useful for compositional and sequential structures. They are used ubiquitously in computational linguistics. We present a framework, reminiscent of structural risk minimization, for empirical risk minimization of probabilistic grammars using the log-loss. We derive sample complexity bounds in this framework that apply both to the supervised setting and the unsupervised setting. By making assumptions about the underlying distribution that are appropriate for natural language scenarios, we are able to derive distribution-dependent sample complexity bounds for probabilistic grammars. We also give simple algorithms for carrying out empirical risk minimization using this framework in both the supervised and unsupervised settings. In the unsupervised case, we show that the problem of minimizing empirical risk is NP-hard. We therefore suggest an approximate algorithm, similar to expectation-maximization, to minimize the empirical risk.
Regulation of MSK1-Mediated NF-κB Activation Upon UVB Irradiation.

Nuclear Factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that controls expression of genes involved in the immune and inflammatory responses as well as being a key component in the onset of cancers. In this study, we provided evidence that mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK1) is responsible for a noncanonical late-phase activation of NF-κB upon UVB irradiation. Our data demonstrated that following UVB irradiation, MSK1 is activated via phosphorylation at the 24 h time point coinciding with translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Investigations into the signaling pathways upstream of MSK1 through the use of specific inhibitors for mitogen-activated protein kinase and p38 revealed that both kinases are required for full phosphorylation during the late phase (24 h), while p38 is paramount for phosphorylation during the early phase (6 h). Electromobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that inhibition of MSK1 resulted in a marked reduction in NF-κB binding affinity without altering the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Supershift EMSA implicate that the p65, but not p50, isoform of NF-κB is involved in late-phase activation in response to UVB irradiation. Together, the results of these studies shed light onto a novel pathway of MSK1-mediated late-phase activation of NF-κB in response to UVB irradiation.
THE ARTHUS PHENOMENON : LOCAL ANAPHYLACTIC INFLAMMATION IN THE RABBIT BRAIN.

1. Sixteen out of seventeen rabbits actively sensitized to various antigens by repeated cerebral and intravenous injections showed upon intracerebral reinjection of the same antigen local anaphylactic inflammation of the brain at the site of inoculation. 2. Six out of twenty rabbits actively sensitized to either horse serum or egg albumen by extracerebral injections, showed, upon introduction of the homologous antigen into the cerebrum, local anaphylactic inflammation at the site of inoculation. 3. The pathological picture of the Arthus phenomenon in the brain of the rabbit resembled that seen in the skin, after allowing for differences in the fundamental structure of the tissues involved. 4. None of the control animals exhibited lesions comparable to those found in the experimental animals. A few controls showed slight hemorrhages due to mechanical injury of blood vessels. 5. Clinical symptoms of varying degrees of severity, often leading to the death of the rabbit were observed in the sensitized animals. These symptoms were referable to the site of injection.
A Src-Like Inactive Conformation in the Abl Tyrosine Kinase Domain

The improper activation of the Abl tyrosine kinase results in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The recognition of an inactive conformation of Abl, in which a catalytically important Asp-Phe-Gly (DFG) motif is flipped by approximately 180° with respect to the active conformation, underlies the specificity of the cancer drug imatinib, which is used to treat CML. The DFG motif is not flipped in crystal structures of inactive forms of the closely related Src kinases, and imatinib does not inhibit c-Src. We present a structure of the kinase domain of Abl, determined in complex with an ATP–peptide conjugate, in which the protein adopts an inactive conformation that resembles closely that of the Src kinases. An interesting aspect of the Src-like inactive structure, suggested by molecular dynamics simulations and additional crystal structures, is the presence of features that might facilitate the flip of the DFG motif by providing room for the phenylalanine to move and by coordinating the aspartate side chain as it leaves the active site. One class of mutations in BCR–Abl that confers resistance to imatinib appears more likely to destabilize the inactive Src-like conformation than the active or imatinib-bound conformations. Our results suggest that interconversion between distinctly different inactive conformations is a characteristic feature of the Abl kinase domain.
A system for finding speech formants and modulations via energy separation

This correspondence presents an experimental system that uses an energy-tracking operator and a related energy separation algorithm to automatically find speech formants and amplitude/frequency modulations in voiced speech segments. Initial estimates of formant center frequencies are provided by either LPC or morphological spectral peak picking. These estimates are then shown to be improved by a combination of bandpass filtering and iterative application of energy separation. >
Phosphorylation of TCF proteins by homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2

Wnt pathways play essential roles in cell proliferation, morphogenesis, and cell fate specification during embryonic development. According to the consensus view, the Wnt pathway prevents the degradation of the key signaling component β-catenin by the protein complex containing the negative regulators Axin and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Stabilized β-catenin associates with TCF proteins and enters the nucleus to promote target gene expression. This study examines the involvement of HIPK2 (homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2) in the regulation of different TCF proteins in Xenopus embryos in vivo. We show that the TCF family members LEF1, TCF4, and TCF3 are phosphorylated in embryonic ectoderm after Wnt8 stimulation and HIPK2 overexpression. We also find that TCF3 phosphorylation is triggered by canonical Wnt ligands, LRP6, and dominant negative mutants for Axin and GSK3, indicating that this process shares the same upstream regulators with β-catenin stabilization. HIPK2-dependent phosphorylation caused the dissociation of LEF1, TCF4, and TCF3 from a target promoter in vivo. This result provides a mechanistic explanation for the context-dependent function of HIPK2 in Wnt signaling; HIPK2 up-regulates transcription by phosphorylating TCF3, a transcriptional repressor, but inhibits transcription by phosphorylating LEF1, a transcriptional activator. Finally, we show that upon HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation, TCF3 is replaced with positively acting TCF1 at a target promoter. These observations emphasize a critical role for Wnt/HIPK2-dependent TCF phosphorylation and suggest that TCF switching is an important mechanism of Wnt target gene activation in vertebrate embryos.
The weird rules of creativity

For at least the past decade, the holy grail for companies has been innovation. Managers have gone after it with all the zeal their training has instilled in them, using a full complement of tried and true management techniques. The problem is that none of these practices, well suited for cashing in on old, proven products and business models, works very well when it comes to innovation. Instead, managers should take most of what they know about management and stand it on its head. In this article, Robert Sutton outlines several ideas for managing creativity that are clearly odd but clearly effective: Place bets on ideas without much heed to their projected returns. Ignore what has worked before. Goad perfectly happy people into fights among themselves. Good creativity management means hiring the candidate you have a gut feeling against. And as for the people who stick their fingers in their ears and chant, "I'm not listening, I'm not listening," when customers make suggestions? Praise and promote them. Using vivid examples from more than a decade of academic research to illustrate his points, the author discusses new approaches to hiring, managing creative people, and dealing with risk and randomness in innovation. His conclusions? The practices in this article succeed because they increase the range of a company's knowledge, allow people to see old problems in new ways, and help companies break from the past.
Vaccines to prevent systemic mycoses: holy grails meet translational realities.

In this issue of the Journal, Spellberg et al. [1] report that immunization with a recombinant protein (rAls3p-N) mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel (Alhydrogel) can protect mice from a lethal candidal infection. This is an extension of their original finding of protection resulting from this and related Als recombinant proteins when used with Freund's adjuvant. From a purely immunologic perspective, their finding that protection can also be achieved using Alhydrogel in place of Freund's adjuvant might be viewed as a modest advance. However, because Alhydrogel has been widely used as an adjuvant in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines, these studies represent a milestone in the movement of the vaccine toward clinical testing. Thus, on the occasion of this report, it may be useful to review the potential value of vaccines for systemic mycoses in general, using vaccines for coccidioidomycosis as a specific example, and to review the challenges these vaccine candidates will face before becoming realities in the marketplace.
Differential Effects of DNA Supercoiling on Chlamydia Early Promoters Correlate with Expression Patterns in Midcycle

Changes in DNA supercoiling levels during the chlamydial developmental cycle have been proposed as a global mechanism to upregulate midcycle genes, but the effects on early genes are not known. We examined the promoters for 10 Chlamydia trachomatis early genes and found that they could be separated into two subsets based on their responses to DNA supercoiling in vitro. Furthermore, the type of supercoiling response correlated with the in vivo expression pattern for each early gene. One subset of seven early genes had promoters that were transcribed in a supercoiling-insensitive manner over the physiologic range of supercoiling levels that have been measured in Chlamydia. In vivo transcripts for these genes were detected at similar levels during early-stage and midstage times. In contrast, a second subset, represented in our study by three early genes, had supercoiling-dependent promoters that were transcribed at higher levels from more-supercoiled templates, which is the response observed for midcycle genes. Genes in this subset were expressed at higher levels at midstage times than at early times in vivo. We propose that this second subset represents a novel class of chlamydial developmental genes with features of both early and midcycle genes. We hypothesize that expression of these supercoiling-dependent early genes is upregulated by increased chlamydial supercoiling levels in midcycle via their supercoiling-responsive promoters in a manner similar to that for midcycle genes. Thus, we propose that DNA supercoiling is utilized in Chlamydia as a general mechanism to regulate genes in the midstage of the developmental cycle and not just midcycle genes.
Irregularities in X(Y) from Y(X) in linear calibration

Let X be an input measurement and Y the output reading of a calibrated instrument, with Y(X) as the calibration curve. Solving X(Y) projects an instrumental reading back onto the scale of measurements as an object of pivotal interest. The arrays of instrumental readings are projected in this manner in practice, yielding arrays of calibrated measurements, typically subject to errors of calibration. The effects of calibration errors on the properties of calibrated measurements are examined here under linear calibration. Irregularities arise as induced dependencies, inflated variances, non-standard distributions, inconsistent sample means, the underestimation of measurement variance, and other unintended consequences. On the other hand, conventional properties are seen to remain largely in place in the use of selected regression diagnostics and in one-way comparative experiments using calibrated data.
The Escherichia coli htrP gene product is essential for bacterial growth at high temperatures: mapping, cloning, sequencing, and transcriptional regulation of htrP.

Abstract We identified and characterized a new Escherichia coli gene, htrP. The htrP gene was identified because its insertional inactivation by the Tn10 transposon results in the inability of E. coli to form colonies at temperatures above 37 degrees C and a slow growth phenotype at 30 degrees C. The htrP gene was cloned and mapped to 66.3 min on the E. coli genetic map, 4 kbp clockwise from the tolC gene. The htrP gene was sequenced and shown to code for an acidic, 27,471-Da polypeptide and to be transcribed counterclockwise with respect to the genetic map. The predicted HtrP protein has two potential transmembrane segments and shares an identity of 64.4% over a length of 210 amino acids with the LuxH protein. Despite the fact that the htrP gene is essential for E. coli growth exclusively at high temperatures, the levels of htrP-specific transcripts decrease with increasing temperature.
Sample Bias Estimation for Cloud-Free Aerosol Effects Over Global Oceans

Satellite-based methods for estimating the top-of-atmosphere shortwave direct radiative effect (SWRE) either use the spatial distribution of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) coupled with radiative transfer calculations or combine the AOT with broadband radiative energy data sets such as the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). The first approach typically utilizes the AOT at a spatial resolution of from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the second method relies on the same AOT, but it is convolved within the CERES footprint and has spatial resolutions that are greater than . Therefore, the SWRE may vary as a result of this difference in spatial resolution that we call sample bias. We correct for this sample bias using the AOT reported at the MODIS and the CERES product levels coupled with the radiative efficiency (SWRE per-unit optical depth) for 13 regions over the ocean as a function of season between December 2003 and November 2004 and demonstrate that the sample biases are seasonally and spatially dependent. Overall, nearly 75% of the pixels over the global oceans require a sample bias adjustment of some form. However, the adjustment is large , which is less than 7% of the time, primarily during the spring and summer months, in association with large dust aerosol concentrations with large optical depth gradients. If sample biases are not accounted for, they will globally reduce the SWRE by an average of 30% (4.1 versus ), although regionally, the adjustment could be larger (). We argue that these bias corrections are robust and simpler to use when compared with methods that employ narrow- to broadband relationships.
DSM.III and the Diagnosis of Organic Mental Disorders

Among the many emergency patients who complain of behavioral symptoms, a significant proportion suffer from a physical illness manifesting as an organic mental disorder. Dementia and delirium should be considered in the presence of an impairment of orientation, alertness, or cognition. Effort is required to remain aware of the organic differential diagnoses of hallucinatory, delusional, amnestic, and affective disorders or of personality changes not associated with overt changes of sensorium or cognitive abilities. We review the DSM-III classification of organic mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association, and consider the usefulness of historical data, mental status examination, physical examination, laboratory investigations, and hospitalization in the differentiation of organic from functional disorders.
Regularized reconstruction in quantitative SPECT using CT side information from hybrid imaging

A penalized-likelihood (PL) SPECT reconstruction method using a modified regularizer that accounts for anatomical boundary side information was implemented to achieve accurate estimates of both the total target activity and the activity distribution within targets. In both simulations and experimental I-131 phantom studies, reconstructions from (1) penalized likelihood employing CT-side information-based regularization (PL-CT), (2) penalized likelihood with edge preserving regularization (no CT) and (3) penalized likelihood with conventional spatially invariant quadratic regularization (no CT) were compared with (4) ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), which is the iterative algorithm conventionally used in clinics for quantitative SPECT. Evaluations included phantom studies with perfect and imperfect side information and studies with uniform and non-uniform activity distributions in the target. For targets with uniform activity, the PL-CT images and profiles were closest to the 'truth', avoided the edge offshoots evident with OSEM and minimized the blurring across boundaries evident with regularization without CT information. Apart from visual comparison, reconstruction accuracy was evaluated using the bias and standard deviation (STD) of the total target activity estimate and the root mean square error (RMSE) of the activity distribution within the target. PL-CT reconstruction reduced both bias and RMSE compared with regularization without side information. When compared with unregularized OSEM, PL-CT reduced RMSE and STD while bias was comparable. For targets with non-uniform activity, these improvements with PL-CT were observed only when the change in activity was matched by a change in the anatomical image and the corresponding inner boundary was also used to control the regularization. In summary, the present work demonstrates the potential of using CT side information to obtain improved estimates of the activity distribution in targets without sacrificing the accuracy of total target activity estimation. The method is best suited for data acquired on hybrid systems where SPECT-CT misregistration is minimized. To demonstrate clinical application, the PL reconstruction with CT-based regularization was applied to data from a patient who underwent SPECT/CT imaging for tumor dosimetry following I-131 radioimmunotherapy.
Intestinal Distribution of Worms and Host Ingesta in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

The gastrointestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is thought to feed on host ingesta, and it is generally thought that the presence of ingesta determines the distribution of this parasite within the host intestine. However, these assertions have not been supported by direct evidence. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that N. brasiliensis worms are preferentially found in regions of the host small intestine containing ingesta. The relationship between worm and ingesta distribution was investigated using mice infected with N. brasiliensis and killed on day 8 postinfection at 0130, 0730, 1330, or 1930 hr. There was an inverse relationship between worm and ingesta distributions, and the worms were distributed significantly more anteriad in the intestine than host ingesta, at all times during the 24 hr. To determine what the worms fed on, host ingesta, tissue, and blood were differentially labeled with the fluorescent dyes rhodamine B and Fluoresbrite®. The results of this study sug...
Quantifying Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Mounds with Airborne Digital Imagery

Airborne multispectral digital imagery was used to detect imported fire ant mounds in northeast Mississippi pasture. Images were acquired using a GeoVantage GeoScanner camera system, flown at an altitude of 610 m, for a resolution of 0.25 m, and 305 m, for a resolution of 0.1 m. Images were obtained during May 2002, August 2002, November 2002, and February 2003. Distinct mound signatures could be seen in images from May, November, and February; August images were difficult to interpret. Many mounds appeared as dark or light spots of bare soil surrounded by a halo of vigorous vegetation. Up to 75% of mounds were visible in false color infrared images. Mound characteristics (area, height, activity, percent vegetation cover) and image characteristics (image color, spatial resolution) all affected mound detection for at least one sampling period. Increasing spatial resolution from 0.25 to 0.1 m did not affect mound detection in May; during other times of the year, increased resolution improved detection by ≈38%. False color infrared images were generally superior to true color images for mound detection. Potential overestimation because of commission errors was 17–29%.
Late gestational nutrition of the mare and potential effects on endocrine profiles and adrenal function of the offspring

ABSTRACT The health of a mother and offspring may be dictated by nutritional status, which in turn can influence reproductive capability in multiple species. To evaluate endocrine status and effect of maternal nutrition on the mare and her offspring, 28 pregnant mares were divided into 2 groups and fed either 100 or 120% NRC requirements for late gestation. Hormonal concentrations of IGF-1 and leptin were evaluated in each mare and IGF-1, leptin, and cortisol were evaluated in the neonate. Results indicated that plasma concentrations of leptin were greater for mares fed 120% as compared with mares fed 100% NRC requirements (4.13 ± 0.30 vs. 1.92 ± 0.27, respectively; P
When open data is a Trojan Horse: The weaponization of transparency in science and governance:

Openness and transparency are becoming hallmarks of responsible data practice in science and governance. Concerns about data falsification, erroneous analysis, and misleading presentation of resear...
Effects of UV irradiation on nymphs of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana.

Certain effects of UV irradiation on nymphs of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), were investigated. Of 7 wavelengths to which the nymphs were exposed, 254 and 265 nm were the most effective in producing mortality. The approximate LD50 dose for nymphs exposed to germicidal (254 nm) UV was 4.56×104 μ j cm−3 for P. americana and 1.9×104 μj cm−2 for B. germanica . UV irradiation resulted in retarded feeding and delay in weight gain and molting. Structural abnormalities were observed among adults of those nymphs which were exposed to either pulsed or continuous UV. Pulsed UV was more effective in producing mortality than continuous UV exposure. Nymphs lured to a specific area by food, water, food and water, contaminated filter paper, or filter paper containing a crude extract of aggregation pheromone were killed when irradiated with germicidal (254 nm) UV.
Current Transition Practices in Pediatric IBD: Findings from a National Survey of Pediatric Providers

Background Although practice guidelines have been published for transition to adult care among general chronic illness populations and specific to pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about current transition practices in IBD care. This study presents data characterizing current transition practices as reported by a national sample of pediatric providers in the United States. Methods One hundred forty-one pediatric providers completed an online survey designed to assess current transition practices, barriers and challenges to developing and maintaining transition programming, and desired resources to improve transition services. Results Practices varied greatly in terms of when providers begin discussing transition and transfer, age at transfer to adult care, and patient supports provided to facilitate transition. Multiple disciplines were often involved in transition programming and 75.9% reported using objective assessment of patient transition readiness. Knowledge and application of published transition practice guidelines was limited, and few respondents reported having a written transition policy at their institution (14.2%). 99.3% of respondents reported barriers to their transition programming efforts. Additional time and instrumental supports were the most common desired resources to support transition efforts. Conclusions Variability in IBD transition programming, practices, and policies reflect the emerging nature of clinical practice in this area. Understanding the current state of transition programming can inform future programming. Efforts to identify evidence-based practices in transition to adult care are needed.
Molecular evidence of heavy-oil weathering following the M/V Cosco Busan spill: insights from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Recent studies have highlighted a critical need to investigate oil weathering beyond the analytical window afforded by conventional gas chromatography (GC). In particular, techniques capable of detecting polar and higher molecular weight (HMW; > 400 Da) components abundant in crude and heavy fuel oils (HFOs) as well as transformation products. Here, we used atmospheric pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (APPI FT-ICR MS) to identify molecular transformations in oil-residue samples from the 2007 M/V Cosco Busan HFO spill (San Francisco, CA). Over 617 days, the abundance and diversity of oxygen-containing compounds increased relative to the parent HFO, likely from bio- and photodegradation. HMW, highly aromatic, alkylated compounds decreased in relative abundance concurrent with increased relative abundance of less alkylated stable aromatic structures. Combining these results with GC-based data yielded a more comprehensive understanding of oil spill weatherin...
Do Hospitality Programs Provide Restaurant Experiences Commensurate with Local Dining Options

The primary purpose of this study is to compare customers' perceptions of the dining experience at a student-operated, on-campus fine dining restaurant (Old Guard) to their perceptions of dining at other comparable restaurants located in the downtown college community. A three-part questionnaire was answered by 126 diners at the Old Guard over a four-day period. The results of this study found that, in general, customers were satisfied with the dining experience at the restaurant. When comparisons were made between customers' perceptions of the Old Guard and an off-campus restaurant, twelve of the twenty attributes evaluated were perceived similarly.
Fluorescence Microscopy with Acridine Orange: A Study of Hemopoietic Cells in Fixed Preparations

1. A technic for the study of fixed preparations of blood and bone marrow by means of fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange is presented. 2. The distribution of RNA and DNA within the blood cells can be demonstrated cytochemically. 3. The RNA content of the erythroid and myeloid cells decreases with maturation. Mature plasma cells contain large quantities of RNA. 4. It is possible to demonstrate cytoplasmic metachromasia between the AO-RNA complexes of the erythroid, myeloid, and plasmacytic cells.
Approach to the management of coronary artery disease in the elderly.

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the elderly. Appropriate management warrants a high degree of suspicion in a patient likely to present with atypical symptoms. Diagnostic confirmation is followed by the application of various therapeutic modalities, which can include pharmacotherapy, thrombolysis, bypass surgery, and angioplasty. The older patient can benefit as much as the younger patient from these modes of treatment.
THE ENZYMIC INCORPORATION OF IRON INTO PROTOPORPHYRIN

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the enzymic incorporation of iron into protoporphyrin. Iron can be complexed non-enzymically by coproporphyrinogen and protoporphyrinogen in aqueous solutions, and at physiological pH and temperature. Even under the most favorable conditions found, the rate of nonenzymic heme synthesis is only approximately equal to the average rate of synthesis of cytochrome c heme/l.hr. by a culture of Ustilago sphaerogena. In the case of the microbial reaction, the ligand concentration at the beginning of a 10 hr fermentation period is essentially zero. It, thus, appears highly improbable that any significant quantity of heme will be formed within living cells by a purely nonenzymic reaction. The fact that both cupric and zinc ions react rapidly with porhyrin c suggests that aggregation in solution is not the most important factor limiting the rate for ferrous iron. The generally slower reaction of the divalent metal ions with porhyrin cytochrome c may be attributed to the known inaccessibility of the prosthetic group in this enzyme.
Immunology of Babesia infections

Immunity to Babesia infection depends on general innate characteristics of the host in addition to its responsiveness to specific babesial antigens. The specific immune response includes both humoral and cellular components. Protective antibodies related to thymus-dependent lymphocyte activity probably damage extracellular merozoites and promote phagocytosis of free parasites and parasitized erythrocytes. There is now evidence that recovery from experimental Babesia infections in rodents is T-lymphocyte dependent with natural killer cells also participating in protective immune responses. Babesia bovis antigens derived from culture supernatant fluids or from infected erythrocyte lysates have recently been characterized as to their immunologic properties. These antigens are being effectively utilized as immunogens for vaccination against bovine babesiosis and also as reagents in newly-developed immunodiagnostic techniques.
How Poor Brain Blood Flow Promotes Alzheimer’s Disease

The central thesis of this book is that Alzheimer’s is induced from poor blood flow to the brain. Because neurodegeneration and cognitive loss take many years to manifest from the time when poor blood flow to the brain is first detected, Alzheimer’s is ostensibly preventable.
First-Year Seminar Writing for Quantitative Literacy

This chapter describes a series of writing assignments from two distinct first-year seminars at Worcester State University. Both of these seminars focus on building quantitative literacy skills. Students research and write about a variety of topics related to globalization, population growth, human rights and climate change. The impact of these seminars for the students, institution, department, and instructor is discussed.