cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reactive force field for lithium–aluminum silicates with applications to eucryptite phases

We have parameterized a reactive force field (ReaxFF) for lithium–aluminum silicates using density functional theory (DFT) calculations of structural properties of a number of bulk phase oxides, silicates and aluminates, as well as of several representative clusters. The force field parameters optimized in this study were found to predict lattice parameters and heats of formation of selected condensed phases in excellent agreement with previous DFT calculations and with experiments. We have used the newly developed force field to study the eucryptite phases in terms of their thermodynamic stability and their elastic properties. We have found that (a) these ReaxFF parameters predict the correct order of stability of the three crystalline polymorphs of eucryptite, α, β and γ, and (b) that upon indentation, a new phase appears at applied pressures ≥7 GPa. The high-pressure phase obtained upon indentation is amorphous, as illustrated by the radial distribution functions calculated for different pairs of elements. In terms of elastic properties analysis, we have determined the elements of the stiffness tensor for α- and β-eucryptite at the level of ReaxFF, and discussed the elastic anisotropy of these two polymorphs. Polycrystalline average properties of these eucryptite phases are also reported to serve as ReaxFF predictions of their elastic moduli (in the case of α-eucryptite), or as tests against values known from experiments or DFT calculations (β-eucrypite). The ReaxFF potential reported here can also describe well single-species systems (e.g. Li-metal, Al-metal and condensed phases of silicon), which makes it suitable for investigating structure and properties of suboxides, atomic-scale mechanisms responsible for phase transformations, as well as oxidation–reduction reactions.
The Equity Premium Puzzle: A Reconciliation

This paper estimates the risk aversion for households accounting for their lifetime consumption risk. Households view the overall lifetime uninsured consumption risk when they optimize resources, which based on micro data varies across households. Thus, representing households’ consumption by merging cross-sectional micro data into the single Euler equation (the common approach taken in the literature) may be too rough an approximation and lead to biased results regarding risk aversion. Our results indicate that rejected asset pricing models fit the data when we account for households' lifetime consumption risk. Our empirical success has also implications on long-run aggregate asset pricing models.
Computed Tomography in the Urinary Tract, Adrenals, and Pelvis

Computed tomography until recently has principally been of value in imaging anatomy. The diagnosis of pathology has been limited to lesions that alter gross structure. With new advances, however, diagnosis of functional abnormalities may become possible, in addition to an improvement in the resolution of anatomic lesions.
Some Factors which decrease Arterial Saturation in Bird Malaria-Ducks infected with P. lophurae.

SummaryData have been presented which indicate that the decreased arterial saturation, in vitro, of the blood of malarial-infected ducks may be caused by the state of acidosis and the presence of great numbers of young red cells during the terminal stage of P. lophurae infection. The combined effect of increased temperature and acidosis on the in vitro oxygen saturation is sufficient to reduce the percentage of saturation to 70%. No evidence was obtained for the existence of a “factor” in malarial duck blood which would prevent the saturation of the hemoglobin of normal red cells obtained from uninfected birds.
Comparison of risk factors of ischemic stroke between Shenzhen Han and Xinjiang Uyghur populations

Objective To compare and analyze differences of risk factors of ischemic stroke between Shenzhen Han and Xinjiang Uyghur populations. Methods 1 127 ischemic stroke cases( including Shenzhen Han 806 cases,321 cases of Xinjiang Uyghur) of first onset in Shenzhen people' s hospital,the second people' s hospital,Peking University Shenzhen hospital and Xinjiang Hami people' s hospital,from 2010 to 2012 were investigated with the unified questionnaire. Height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference and the blood biochemical indexes were measured and recorded. Data was constructed by the Epi Data 3. 1 and analyzed with SPSS 17. 0. Results There were more males than females( Shenzhen 1. 84 ∶ 1,Xinjiang 1. 26 ∶ 1) in both Shenzhen Han and Uyghur cases,with an average age of 61 years old. The proportions of Shenzhen Han cases with hypertension,type 2 diabetes,smoking and alcohol consumption were higher than those of the Xinjiang Uyghur cases,while those with drinking tea,obese or overweight was lower than those of Xinjiang Uyghur. The differences were statistically significant( all P 0. 05). The proportions of Shenzhen Han of having high blood pressure and having family history of heart disease were significantly lower than those of Xinjiang Uyghur( all P 0. 05). In addition,pressure from family and work in Xinjiang Uyghur was significantly higher than that in Shenzhen Han( all P 0. 05). Conclusions The differences between the Shenzhen Han and Xinjiang Uyghur,including the associated risk factors of ischemic stroke are remarkable.
Spontaneous bronchial-subarachnoid fistula: an unusual cause of pneumocephalus.

We report a case in which spontaneous bronchial-subarachnoid fistula developed after irradiation for locally invasive epidermoid lung carcinoma
A “Strangely Un-English Actress”: Race, Legibility, and the Films of Merle Oberon

Abstract:Merle Oberon was an Anglo-Indian actress in the 1930s who passed for white in the United Kingdom and United States amid speculation about her origins. Using Edouard Glissant's concept of opacity, this article investigates her performance of an upper-class English persona in reaction to salacious press coverage.
Cellular and disease functions of the prader-willi syndrome gene magel2

Melanoma antigen L2 (MAGEL2 or MAGE-L2) is a member of the MAGE family of ubiquitin ligase regulators. It is maternally imprinted and often paternally deleted or mutated in the related neurodevelopmental syndromes, Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and Schaaf-Yang Syndrome (SHFYNG). MAGEL2 is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and plays an important role in a fundamental cellular process that recycles membrane proteins from endosomes through the retromer sorting pathway. MAGEL2 is part of a multi-subunit protein complex consisting of MAGEL2, the TRIM27 E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the USP7 deubiquitinating enzyme. The M AGEL2- US P7- T RIM27 (or MUST) complex facilitates the retromer recycling pathway through ubiquitination and activation of the WASH actin nucleation promoting factor. This review provides an overview of the MAGE protein family of ubiquitin ligases regulators and details the molecular and cellular role of MAGEL2 in ubiquitination, actin regulation and endosomal sorting processes, as well as MAGEL2 implications in PWS and SHFYNG disorders. The physiological functions of MAGEL2, elucidated through the study of Magel2 knockout mouse models, are also discussed.
The cortisol:C-reactive protein ratio and negative affect reactivity in depressed adults

Objective We evaluated the effect of the cortisol (CORT) to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) ratio on stress-induced negative affect (NA) reactivity and whether the association was moderated by depressive symptom severity and gender. The CORT/CRP ratio was used to evaluate the integrity of the negative feedback loop between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammatory response system. Method Basal CORT and hsCRP levels were measured in fasting blood samples from 198 medication-free and nonsmoking healthy men and women. Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). NA ratings were collected at baseline and at the completion of the laboratory stressors, the Anger Recall Interview (ARI) and reading. Results Adjusting for potential confounders and baseline NA, analysis revealed a significant relationship between CORT/CRP ratio and NA reactivity to ARI as a function of depressive symptom severity. Simple effects revealed that for participants with high HAMD, decreasing CORT/CRP ratio, suggestive of an insufficient CORT release relative to higher hsCRP, predicted increasing stress-induced NA reactivity. For participants with low HAMD, the CORT/CRP ratio failed to predict NA reactivity. Gender did not moderate the joint effect of depressive symptom severity and the CORT/CRP ratio on stress-induced NA reactivity. Conclusions This is the first study to document that a premorbid dysregulation of the neuro-immune relationship, characterized by an insufficient release of CORT in conjunction with higher CRP, plays a role in stress sensitivity, and specifically NA reactivity, in individuals with elevated levels of depression symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record
Growth of NbO2 by Molecular-Beam Epitaxy and Characterization of its Metal-Insulator Transition

Thin films of NbO2 are synthesized by oxide molecular-beam epitaxy on (001) MgF2 substrates, which are isostructural (rutile structure) with NbO2. Two growth parameters are systematically varied in order to identify appropriate growth conditions: growth temperature and the partial pressure of O2 during film growth. θ-2θ X-ray diffraction measurements identify two dominant phases in this system at background oxygen pressures in the (0.2–6)×10–7 Torr range: rutile NbO2 is favored at higher growth temperature, while Nb2O5 forms at lower growth temperature. Electrical resistivity measurements were made between 350 K and 675 K on three epitaxial NbO2 films in a nitrogen ambient. These measurements show that NbO2 films grown in higher partial pressures of molecular oxygen have larger temperature-dependent changes in electrical resistivity and higher resistivity at room temperature.
Finding Thoreau in French Canada: The Ideological Legacy of the American Revolution

Henry David Thoreau’s Yankee in Canada is easily overlooked. Because it is so selective in its depiction of life in the St. Lawrence River valley, historians of mid-nineteenth-century Canada have s...
American Justice at a Crossroads: Remarks of Kathleen Bryan

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/drlj Part of the Civil Law Commons, Civil Procedure Commons, Courts Commons, Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Judges Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal History, Theory and Process Commons, Legal Profession Commons, Litigation Commons, and the Other Law Commons
SPA: Simple pool architecture for application resource allocation in many-core systems

The technology push by Moore's law brings a paradigm shift in the adaption of many core systems which replace high frequency superscalar processors with many simpler ones. On the software side, in order to utilize the available computational power, applications are following the high performance parallel/multi-threading model. Thus, many-core systems raise the challenges of resource allocation and fragmentation making necessary efficient run-time resource management techniques. In this paper, we propose SPA, a Simple Pool Architecture for managing resource allocation in many-core systems. The proposed framework follows a distributed approach in which cores are organized into clusters and multiple clusters form a pool. Clusters are created based on system's characteristics and the allocation of cores is performed in a distributed manner so as to take advantage of spatial features, shared resources and reduce scattering of cores. Experimental results show that SPA produces on average 15% better application response time while waiting time is reduced by 45% on average compared to other state-of-art methodologies.
Culturally Responsive School Discipline: Implementing Learning Lab at a High School for Systemic Transformation:

Youth from racially minoritized communities disproportionately receive exclusionary school discipline more severely and frequently. The racialization of school discipline has been linked to long-term deleterious impacts on students’ academic and life outcomes. In this article, we present a formative intervention, Learning Lab that addressed racial disparities in school discipline at a public high school. Learning Lab successfully united local stakeholders, specifically those who had been historically excluded from the school’s decision-making activities. Learning Lab members engaged in historical and empirical root cause analyses, mapped out their existing discipline system, and designed a culturally responsive schoolwide behavioral support model in response to diverse experiences, resources, practices, needs, and goals of local stakeholders. Analysis drew on the theory of expansive learning to examine how the Learning Lab process worked through expansive learning actions. Implications for research and pr...
Near-light photometric stereo using circularly placed point light sources

Most photometric stereo approaches assume distant or directional lighting and orthographic imaging. However, when the source is divergent and is near the object and the camera is projective, the image intensity of a Lambertian object is a non-linear function of both the unknown surface normals and the unknown distances of the source to the surface points. The resulting non-linear optimization is non-convex and highly sensitive to the initial guess. In this paper, we propose a two-stage near-light photometric stereo method using circularly placed point light sources (commonly seen in recent consumer imaging devices like NESTcam, Amazon Cloudcam, etc). We represent the scene using a 3D mesh and directly optimize the vertices of the mesh. This reduces the complexity of the relationship between surface normals and depths in the image formation model. In the first stage, we optimize the vertex positions using the differential images induced by small changes in light source position. This procedure yields a strong initial guess for the second stage that refines the estimations using the raw captured images. We propose an accurate calibration approach to estimate the positions of the sources. Our approach performs better on simulations and on real Lambertian scenes with complex shapes than the state-of-the-art method with near-field lighting.
Two-Bar Simple Frames

The simple two-bar frame is a structural configuration that may or may not be imperfection-sensitive under static loading. This depends on the loading and boundary conditions. If both supports are immovable, and if the loading is a distributed load, the response is one of stable equilibrium and there is no possibility of static instability, either through the existence of a bifurcation point or through a limit point. Similarly, for the same supports, if the load is a concentrated one with a positive eccentricity (see Figure 6.1), the response is one of stable equilibrium (see [1–3]). On the other hand, if the eccentricity is zero or negative [1], the system is subject to limit point instability. For this case, the two-bar frame is sensitive to initial geometric imperfections and when the load is suddenly applied, critical conditions can easily be established by employing any of the three approaches discussed in Chapter 1. Moreover, if the support of the horizontal bar is movable along a vertical plane (Figure 6.1, model B), then the frame is imperfection sensitive for all loads. First the static analysis is presented and then the energy approach is employed for the estimation of critical conditions under sudden application of the load.
A Sensitive, Nonradioactive Assay for Zn(II) Uptake into Metazoan Cells.

Sensitive measurements of cellular Zn(II) uptake currently rely on quantitating radioactive emissions from cells treated with 65Zn(II). Here, we describe a straightforward and reliable method employing a stable isotope to sensitively measure Zn(II) uptake by metazoan cells. First, biological medium selectively depleted of natural abundance Zn(II) using A12-resin [Richardson, C. E. R., et al. (2018) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 2413] is restored to physiological levels of Zn(II) by addition of a non-natural Zn(II) isotope distribution comprising 70% 70Zn(II). The resulting 70Zn(II)-enriched medium facilitates quantitation of Zn(II) uptake using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This sensitive and reliable assay assesses Zn(II)-uptake kinetics at early time points and can be used to delineate how chemical and genetic perturbations influence Zn(II) uptake. Further, the use of ICP-MS in a Zn(II)-uptake assay permits simultaneous measurement of multiple metal ion concentrations. We used this cap...
Proactive work stealing for futures

The use of futures provides a flexible way to express parallelism and can generate arbitrary dependences among parallel subcomputations. The additional flexibility that futures provide comes with a cost, however. When scheduled using classic work stealing, a program with futures, compared to a program that uses only fork-join parallelism, can incur a much higher number of "deviations," a metric for evaluating the performance of parallel executions. All prior works assume a parsimonious work-stealing scheduler, however, where a worker thread (surrogate of a processor) steals work only when its local deque becomes empty. In this work, we investigate an alternative scheduling approach, called ProWS, where the workers perform proactive work stealing when handling future operations. We show that ProWS, for programs that use futures, can provide provably efficient execution time and equal or better bounds on the number of deviations compared to classic parsimonious work stealing. Given a computation with T1 work and T∞ span, ProWS executes the computation on P processors in expected time O(T1/P + T∞ lg P), with an additional lg P overhead on the span term compared to the parsimonious variant. For structured use of futures, where each future is single touch with no race on the future handle, the algorithm incurs deviations, matching that of the parsimonious variant. For general use of futures, the algorithm incurs O(mkT∞ + PT∞ lg P) deviations, where mk is the maximum number of future touches that are logically parallel. Compared to the bound for the parsimonious variant, O(kT∞ + PT∞), with k being the total number of touches in the entire computation, this bound is better assuming mk = Ω(P lg P) and is smaller than k, which holds true for all the benchmarks we examined.
Psychosis risk stigma and help‐seeking: Attitudes of Chinese and Taiwanese residing in the United States

Aim Intervention during the clinical high-risk phase for psychosis (CHR) can reduce duration of untreated psychosis and associated negative outcomes. Early treatment access and sustained engagement are important to understand for effective intervention. Understanding stigma and help-seeking processes is particularly important for groups that experience mental healthcare disparities such as those of Chinese heritage living in the United States. Methods Chinese and Taiwanese participants (N = 215) residing in the United States were randomly assigned to one of three CHR vignette conditions based on the "what matters most" stigma framework for Chinese groups, which identifies capacities that define "personhood" and thereby shapes stigma for members of a particular cultural group. Participants completed measures of help-seeking attitudes, family stigma and individual stigma. Results More stigma towards the CHR vignette character's family was associated with positive CHR help-seeking attitudes. Participants who read the vignette describing CHR affecting family obligations, "what matters most" and participants who read the vignette describing CHR symptomology only had more positive CHR help-seeking attitudes compared to participants who read the vignette describing CHR affecting individual aspirations. Conclusions Chinese and Taiwanese residing in the United States may perceive professional mental healthcare to be especially relevant for persons with CHR when symptoms are particularly stigmatizing for the person's family and when symptoms threaten the person's ability to fulfil family obligations (ie, "what matters most"). Clinical implications of findings include the importance of emphasizing positive treatment outcomes that increase an individual's ability to engage in valued life domains.
Induced anisotropy in the fracturing behavior of 3D printed parts analyzed by the size effect method

Abstract This paper analyzes via the size effect method, the induced anisotropy in the fracturing behavior of 3D printed parts made using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (commonly abbreviated as ABS). The aspects of fracturing behavior considered include the strength, fracture toughness, the nonlinear fracture process zone (FPZ) size, and the degree of quasibrittleness. 3D printed ABS specimens of various sizes and various relative orientations of the pre-crack and the 3D printed layers are considered. The fracture properties are measured via fracture tests on single edge notch bending specimens. The measurements are seen to conform to the well-known size effect laws for strength and fracture toughness. It is demonstrated that the 3D printed parts exhibit considerable anisotropy in their fracturing behavior, which would not occur in the monolithic counterparts. This occurs not only for the strength and fracture toughness, but also the FPZ size and therefore the degree of quasibrittleness. The anisotropy stems from the crack path direction relative to the stacking direction of macrolayers and microlayers within a layer. The results show that these effects must be given due consideration when developing reliable designs for additively manufactured parts.
Effect of sulfide and the role of root mass on metabolic fluxes in the seagrass Zostera marina

Abstract While seagrass communities serve important ecological and economic purposes, their health has been declining worldwide. Sediment sulfide toxicity might be an important stressor of seagrasses, but isolating single variables is difficult in the field and few studies have investigated direct physiological effects. We used flow-through respirometry to investigate whether sulfide affects fluxes of metabolic gases (O2, CO2, NH3, H2S) by the shoots and roots of the North American native seagrass Zostera marina. O2 transport from the shoots to the roots occurs in Z. marina and might also be involved in sulfide detoxification. We therefore hypothesized that such O2 transport would occur to a greater extent in plants with higher shoot-to-root mass ratios, improving sulfide detoxification, thereby maintaining nitrogen uptake by the roots. We found that the roots primarily consumed O2, which increased with increasing shoot-to-root mass ratio, but this relationship was dominated by root mass and was disrupted by sulfide. In response to sulfide, root O2 consumption decreased by more than 50 %, whereas shoot photosynthesis (O2 production; light) and aerobic respiration (O2 uptake; dark) were not significantly affected. H2S concentrations decreased in root chambers, indicating either oxidation from shoot-supplied O2 or uptake of sulfide by roots. Besides O2 and H2S, no other gas flux was affected by sulfide exposure. Our data suggest that root mass controls the physiological space of Z. marina between sulfide-free and sulfide-rich conditions and this space increases with decreasing seagrass size.
SynchroService: An SaaS Infrastructure to Increase the Availability of Synchrophasor Systems

Synchrophasor measuring devices have been increasingly deployed in the modern electric power system, due to their high reporting rate and rich measurement types. Nowadays synchrophasor systems lack an efficient mechanism to efficiently manage the large volume synchrophasor data and the applications based upon it. This paper introduces the development of a synchrophasor big data management system, SynchroService, which provides critical capabilities including data collection, storage, retrieval, and analytics. In this paper, the developed system is deployed on a distribution-level synchrophasor system, FNET/GridEye, to evaluate its performance on field-collected synchrophasor data. The efficiency of the developed system is evaluated against the conventional state-of-the-art approach. Finally, some case applications are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed system.
Advancing research in transportation and public health: A selection of twenty project ideas from a U.S. research roadmap

Abstract Background Transportation policies and projects have multiple impacts on health. Research on these impacts can help promote positive and reduce adverse health consequences of decisions made by transportation agencies. Methods In 2019 the U.S. National Cooperative Highway Research Program published a research roadmap for transportation and public health based on an extensive literature search and key informant interviews. The roadmap identified 44 research gaps and 122 research needs on a wide range of relevant topics. From this list, using pre-established criteria including specificity, equity, potential impact, and long-term usefulness, we selected 20 topics suitable for further research especially in academic settings. Results We present the questions, context, and possible research approach for each of the 20 topics. These topics cover issues ranging from integrating equity into performance measures and developing forecasting models for active travel to incorporating health questions into routine household travel surveys and examining health impacts of autonomous vehicles. We added questions on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transportation. Discussion This list will be useful to faculty, researchers, and students as they consider topics for research in transportation and public health. Results of research on these topics could influence transportation decisions in policy making, planning and community participation, capital programming, project design, and implementation. Future leaders of transportation agencies, transportation providers, and advocacy organizations may be more likely to consider transportation policies that incorporate a health perspective if their training includes research findings that increase their awareness of the health impacts of these policies.
Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the colon: a conundrum in colorectal malignancies

Small-cell carcinoma of the colon is an extremely rare tumour, with poorly understood pathogenesis and unestablished treatment guidelines. The first case was documented in 1919, and only about 100 cases of this condition have been reported to this date. In this case report, we present a case of sigmoid squamous cell carcinoma that eventually led to bowel perforation and was diagnosed on histopathology after emergent surgical intervention. Additionally, we also review the incidence, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunohistological markers, neogenomics and therapeutic strategies for the same.
Cabozantinib and dasatinib synergize to induce tumor regression in non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Summary The lack of effective treatment options for advanced non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (NCCRCC) is a critical unmet clinical need. Applying a high-throughput drug screen to multiple human kidney cancer cells, we identify the combination of the VEGFR-MET inhibitor cabozantinib and the SRC inhibitor dasatinib acts synergistically in cells to markedly reduce cell viability. Importantly, the combination is well tolerated and causes tumor regression in vivo. Transcriptional and phosphoproteomic profiling reveals that the combination converges to downregulate the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway, a result not predicted by single-agent analysis alone. Correspondingly, the addition of a MEK inhibitor synergizes with either dasatinib or cabozantinib to increase its efficacy. This study, by using approved, clinically relevant drugs, provides the rationale for the design of effective combination treatments in NCCRCC that can be rapidly translated to the clinic.
An expert spotlight on inferior vena cava filters.

Introduction: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are mechanical filtration devices designed as an alternative to surgical ligation/plication of the IVC. Their use has been controversial, especially with the introduction of retrievable filters and expanded/prophylactic indications. Areas covered: Authors discuss the types of available IVC filters, indications for placement, evidence on their effectiveness in general and specific patient populations, procedural considerations, off-label use, complications, and filter retrieval. This review is based on manuscripts/abstracts published from 1960 to 2021 on venous thromboembolism and IVC filters. Expert opinion: Despite the limited data on their effectiveness and survival benefit, IVC filters continue to play an important role in the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who cannot receive standard anticoagulation. There is no role of IVC filters in patients without VTE. While retrievable filters are desirable for short-term use, a dedicated team-based approach, and advanced training are required for their successful removal. Newer devices are promising in improving patient safety . The device manufacturers and regulatory agencies should consider specific approaches to track device-related adverse events. Population-based studies are required to establish optimal patient population who would benefit from these devices. .
Emergence, Spread, and Extinction of Pathogenic Bacterial Clones

The tremendous genetic diversity observed among pathogenic bacteria mirrors their different lifestyles and physiological versatility; their evolution has enabled them to adapt to specific niches and growth conditions. A remarkable aspect of the major gram-positive community-acquired pathogens infecting humans is the extent of their clonality. A number of factors may influence the emergence, spread, and extinction of clones. These are discussed sequentially for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the common themes and differences between these organisms are explored. A series of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates of phage type 80/81 isolated between 1962 and 1998, most of which were multilocus sequence type (ST) 30, have been shown to harbor the genes encoding Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), a common virulence factor among many isolates of contemporary community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) strains. Infectious disease epidemiology is characterized by patterns of emergence, spread, and evolution of strains, with phases of reduction and apparent extinction or stabilization of genetic types, and the emergence of new pathogenic or antimicrobial-resistant clones. A major determinant in the stability of bacterial clones is the relative impact of point mutations, DNA rearrangements and horizontal gene transfer, and bacteriophage acquisition, although other factors are undoubtedly important. An expansion in the implementation of sequencing methodologies and clustering algorithms to examine clonal emergence and spread will be important for our continued understanding of how bacteria evolve to become virulent and the response of bacterial populations to antibiotics and vaccines.
Optimal Parametric Control of a Semi-Active Suspension System using Neural Networks

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in controlling both active and semi-active automotive suspension systems with a goal of improving ride comfort and vehicle handling. Many such resulting approaches have used linearized models Of the syspension's dynamics, allowing th use of linear (optimal) control theory. In actuality through, these systems and their optimal control are quite nonlinear. In this paper we propose a novel, yet highly practical alternative to such linearized design methods. This alternate optimal design method consists of a modified A* optimal-path, farward-search algorithm which is highly efficient, together with neural networks. The A* search, using a reasonably accurate system model and a given cost function, establishes te nonlinear optimal parametric control Of the suspension. The neural network, as will be shown, learns this nonlinear optimal control function, and in many ways outperforms the search from which it was taught.
Sometimes There are No Notes: An Auto Ethnographic Essay of a Collaboration at the Engagement Interface

This autoethnographic essay represents the authors’ critical reflection on their experiences partnering with Liz Lerman and Dance Exchange (a dance company) artists on a collaborative evaluation of The Matter of Origins, a contemporary art and science dance performance. They describe meaningful moments in their collaboration and reexamine those pivotal experiences in the broader context of scholarly community engagement. Based on their reflections, the authors identified themes including ethnographic approaches to collaboration, shared systems of meaning, and developmental evaluation to understand the complex experiences that took place at the engagement interface. The essay concludes with suggested reflective questions for scholars to consider in their own community engagement activities.
Middle atmosphere dynamics and composition

In this paper we have adopted the term “middle atmosphere” to describe that region of the earth’s atmosphere that lies above the tropopause but below an altitude of 100 km. Looking at Fig. 1, we see that the altitude extent of the middle atmosphere varies with latitude and season such that’, for example, the lower boundary of the middle atmosphere, the tropopause, is at about 17 km (about 80 mb) at the equator and at about 8 or 9 km at the pole (about 300 mb). Also, we see from this latitude-height temperature figure that other factors must be considered to explain the zonally-averaged temperature structure of the middle atmosphere beside radiative energy inputs. For instance, we see that in both the winter and summer, the equatorial lower stratosphere temperatures are cooler than at middle latitudes and that mesopause temperatures are warmer during the darkness of winter than during the continual sunlight of summer. We will see that the additional physics needed to explain these features involve the dynamics of the middle atmosphere.
Enterovirus D68: Acute Respiratory Illness and the 2014 Outbreak

Abstract Enteroviruses cause illnesses ranging from benign upper respiratory infections to severe meningitis and encephalitis. A recent uptick in the number of patients, many of them children, with respiratory infections caused by enterovirus 68 (EV-D68) has captured the attention of health care providers and public health administrators. In the United States, this type of infection was confirmed in 1152 people during 2014. This article examines recent trends in EV-D68 infections, reviewing past outbreaks and the 2014 outbreak, and describes the increasing cases of acute flaccid myelitis and their possible connection with EV-D68.
Mycoplasma in the uterine cervix

Abstract A study of Mycoplasma in the uterine cervix was made on 2 groups of 150 women each. One group consisted of women attending a venereal disease clinic; the other of participants of a family planning clinic. Ages ranged from 16 to 61 years in the venereal disease group and 15 to 45 years in the family planning women. Both groups were from lower income family units and of similar ethnic background. The prevalence of Mycoplasma in the cervix was 92 per cent in the venereal disease group, as compared to 38 per cent in the family planning group. Mycoplasma hominis, type 1 was the predominant species of mycoplasma isolated from both groups. Within either the venereal disease or family planning group, age, phase of the menstrual cycle, type of contraception, or non-Mycoplasma genitourinary tract infections did not significantly relate to the prevalence of cervical Mycoplasma. Mycoplasma isolations did not relate to cytologic evidence of premalignant or malignant alteration of cervical cells in either group of women. Coccoid bodies associated with the cytoplasm of squamous cells were present in cervical smears from about 50 per cent of women yielding M. hominis as opposed to about 10 per cent of women not yielding Mycoplasma.
High contrast 3D imaging of surfaces near the wavelength limit using tabletop EUV ptychography

Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are well-established techniques for imaging surfaces with nanometer resolution. Here we demonstrate a complementary and powerful approach based on tabletop extreme-ultraviolet ptychography that enables quantitative full field imaging with higher contrast than other techniques, and with compositional and topographical information. Using a high numerical aperture reflection-mode microscope illuminated by a tabletop 30 nm high harmonic source, we retrieve high quality, high contrast, full field images with 40 nm by 80 nm lateral resolution (E1.3 λ), with a total exposure time of less than 1 min. Finally, quantitative phase information enables surface profilometry with ultra-high, 6 A axial resolution. In the future, this work will enable dynamic imaging of functioning nanosystems with unprecedented combined spatial (o10 nm) and temporal (o10 fs) resolution, in thick opaque samples, with elemental, chemical and magnetic sensitivity. & 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
F. W. J. Schelling: Further Presentations from the System of Philosophy (1802)

Traduction anglaise de deux des huits essais qui composent les «Nouvelles presentations» de Schelling: l'un consacre a l'intuition intellectuelle, l'autre a la construction philosophique. Definissant la methodologie du systeme de l'identite, ces deux textes opposent a Fichte et Reinhold une version radicale du fondationnalisme en vue de la connaissance absolue.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neopeltolide and Analogs

The synthesis of neopeltolide analogues that contain variations in the oxazole-containing side chain and in the macrolide core are reported along with the GI50 values for these compounds against MCF-7, HCT-116, and p53 knockout HCT-116 cell lines. Although biological activity is sensitive to changes in the macrocycle and the side chain, several analogues displayed GI50 values of <25 nM. Neopeltolide and several of the more potent analogues were significantly less potent against p53 knockout cells, suggesting that p53 plays an auxiliary role in the activity of these compounds.
Infrared Spectra of Silane in Solid Argon and Hydrogen

After preliminary studies of CH4 in solid argon and hydrogen, the infrared absorption spectra of matrix-isolated SiH4 and SiD4 in solid argon, hydrogen, and deuterium at 2−4 K were measured. The tw...
Religious coping and acculturation stress among Hindu Bhutanese: A study of newly-resettled refugees in the United States:

After years in Nepali refugee camps, over 100,000 Bhutanese refugees are being resettled around the world by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This study examines the relationship between religious coping and acculturation stress among newly-resettled Hindu Bhutanese refugees in the United States (US), the projected home of most Bhutanese refugees.
Academic issues in emergency psychiatry.

The psychiatric emergency service is attracting increasing attention as a setting in which to carry out academic psychiatry's mission of educating tomorrow's leaders in the field of clinical psychiatry and of conducting services and clinical research.
Dissipation-triggered phenomena in periodic acoustic metamaterials

In designing a periodic acoustic metamaterial it is possible to have one or more of the constituent material phases to be damped (i.e., lossy/dissipative), for example by using a viscoelastic material such as rubber. The presence of damping results in temporal attenuation of the acoustic/elastic waves as they freely propagate through space in the periodic media. In this work we develop Bloch wave propagation models for damped periodic acoustic metamaterials and study the effects of damping on the dispersion relation. We demonstrate several intriguing phenomena that get triggered due to the presence of inherent dissipation.
The β1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase interacts with BKCa channels and affects their steady-state expression on the cell surface

Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) encoded by the Slo1 gene play a role in the physiological regulation of many cell types. Here, we show that the beta1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKbeta1) interacts with the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal region of Slo1 proteins. Reduced expression of endogenous NKbeta1 markedly inhibits evoked BKCa currents with no apparent effect on their gating. In addition, NKbeta1 down-regulated cells show decreased density of Slo1 subunits on the cell surface.
Immobilization and nanoscale film structure of bacterial reaction centers on gold

Abstract Photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers (BRC) have shown great potential for bioengineering applications. In the present work we demonstrate their preferentially oriented immobilization on top of a mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self assembled monolayer (SAM) formed on gold screen printed electrodes (Au-SPE). The AFM of the self assembled biofilm reveals formation of nanohole features with the depths of 2.2–2.5 nm, consistent with the thickness of the BRC (~ 3 nm). Thus, BRCs organize into a sub-monolayer film on top of the MPA SAM layer. The square-wave voltammogram of the BRC films exhibits features due to the redox reactions for the bacteriochlorophyll dimer (the strongest), bacteriopheophytin, and the quinones (weak), indicating that the BRCs are more likely immobilized with the dimer side towards the electrode surface. Non-saturating illumination of the BRC film at open circuit conditions leads to a sharp spike of negative current which could be due to the electron acceptance by the oxidized dimer.
Load Following Impacts of a Large Wind Farm on an Imterconnected Electric Utility System

A major issue encountered in the use of many of the renewable energy resources for the production of electric power is the variability of the resource itself. This paper presents the results of a dynamic simulation of the long term power system responses to changes in the load and generation patterns resulting from significant penetrations of renewable resource technologies. The renewable technology selected for this study is a large wind farm with a total output of 500 MW added to the 1979 generation base of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power system.
Optimistic active messages: structuring systems for high-performance communication

Recent networks and network interfaces promise remarkable communication performance with very little overhead, but current software structures impose substantial overhead that prevents applications from achieving the benefits of these new architectures. We propose a new software structure that eliminates much of the overhead while preserving the ease of programming of current systems. Our architecture relies on the compiler to bridge the gap between high-level application programs and low-level communication primitives. The compiler incorporates application code into message handlers using a new runtime mechanism called optimistic active messages.
Intellectual and social development following prolonged isolation

A patient with severe combined immunodeficiency required protective isolation for the first year of life. He was discharged after an effective treatment program was developed and has remained well. Developmental testing at 14 and 16 months revealed near age level social and intellectual functioning. Optimal nursing care, frequent and prolonged maternal contact, and the patient's adaptive capacities permitted rapid adjustment to normal life following prolonged isolation.
Alternative contingency table measures improve the power and detection of multifactor dimensionality reduction

Background Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) has been introduced previously as a non-parametric statistical method for detecting gene-gene interactions. MDR performs a dimensional reduction by assigning multi-locus genotypes to either high- or low-risk groups and measuring the percentage of cases and controls incorrectly labelled by this classification – the classification error. The combination of variables that produces the lowest classification error is selected as the best or most fit model. The correctly and incorrectly labelled cases and controls can be expressed as a two-way contingency table. We sought to improve the ability of MDR to detect gene-gene interactions by replacing classification error with a different measure to score model quality.
Enrichment of γδ T lymphocytes in human semen: relation between γδ T cell concentration and antisperm antibody status

Abstract The presence and relative concentrations of T lymphocytes bearing the αβ and γδ cell receptor (TCR) in human semen were assessed and related to the occurrence of auto-antibodies to sperm in semen and peripheral blood. Using an immunoperoxidase technique, and monoclonal antibodies to the β chain and δ chain of the human TCR, both αβ and γδ T cells were detected in each of 30 semen samples examined. In seven men with antisperm antibodies both on their ejaculated sperm and in their serum, the mean concentrations of γδ and αβ T cells were 3 560 and 3 230 cells/ml semen, respectively. In seven men with antisperm antibodies in serum only, the concentrations of γδ and αβ T cells were 860 and 1 280 cells/ml, while in 16 men with no evidence of auto-immunity to sperm there was a mean of 350 γδ T cells and 610 αβ T cells/ml. In contrast, the concentrations of γδ and αβ T cells in peripheral blood from these same men were unrelated to antisperm antibody status. The mean ratio of αβ to γδ T cells in peripheral blood of all subjects was 12. The ratio of αβ to γδ T cells in semen were 0.9 for men with sperm-bound and serum antisperm antibodies, 1.5 for men with antisperm antibodies in serum only and 1.7 for men lacking these auto-antibodies. These results were confirmed by FACS analysis. Thus, γδ T cells in human semen comprise a greatly increased proportion of the total T cell population as compared to the circulation. In addition, the relative and absolute concentration of γδ T cells are further elevated in semen from men with evidence of localized auto-immunity to their own sperm. These results suggest that γδ T cells may function in immune surveillance in the non-sterile proximal portions of the male genital tract and that replication of T cells bearing the γδ TCR accompanies an autoimmune response to sperm.