cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Port Placement by Procedure, Incision Techniques, and Specimen Extraction

Here we present technical considerations for incisions and port placement for various procedures. In addition to considering the positioning and incision, the editors want the surgeon to consider the 1–2–3 concept of SILS for the camera (1), grasper (2), and instruments (3). With this, visualization with the camera is the most important concept; the camera should be introduced, focused on the pathology, and not be moved. Then, the grasper should be positioned for optimal retraction and not moved while maintaining appropriate counter traction. Finally, the instrument is introduced, which should be constantly moving to progress while the grasper and camera are held still.
Differential Pharmacology and Binding of mGlu2 Receptor Allosteric Modulators

Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) has demonstrated efficacy in preclinical rodent models of several brain disorders, leading to industry and academic drug discovery efforts. Although the pharmacology and binding sites of some mGlu2 allosteric modulators have been characterized previously, questions remain about the nature of the allosteric mechanism of cooperativity with glutamate and whether structurally diverse allosteric modulators bind in an identical manner to specific allosteric sites. To further investigate the in vitro pharmacology of mGlu2 allosteric modulators, we developed and characterized a novel mGlu2 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) radioligand in parallel with functional studies of a structurally diverse set of mGlu2 PAMs and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Using an operational model of allosterism to analyze the functional data, we found that PAMs affect both the affinity and efficacy of glutamate at mGlu2, whereas NAMs predominantly affect the efficacy of glutamate in our assay system. More importantly, we found that binding of a novel mGlu2 PAM radioligand was inhibited by multiple structurally diverse PAMs and NAMs, indicating that they may bind to the mGlu2 allosteric site labeled with the novel mGlu2 PAM radioligand; however, further studies suggested that these allosteric modulators do not all interact with the radioligand in an identical manner. Together, these findings provide new insights into the binding sites and modes of efficacy of different structurally and functionally distinct mGlu2 allosteric modulators and suggest that different ligands either interact with distinct sites or adapt different binding poses to shared allosteric site(s).
Ebstein’s Anomaly and Other Tricuspid Valve Anomalies

Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital heart disease that affects approximately 1 in 200,000 live births, and <1 % of all congenital heart diseases [1]. The anomaly was originally described in 1866 by Dr. Wilhelm Ebstein in a patient with progressive tricuspid insufficiency due to a congenital malformation [2]. Until 1950s, the diagnosis of Ebstein’s anomaly was mainly based on autopsy findings. It was not until 1951 when Soloff et al. first described a method of diagnosing Ebstein’s anomaly while the patient is still alive by invasive angiogram [3]. In the 1970s, with the development of M-mode, two-dimensional, and Doppler echocardiography, echocardiography became the primary modality in diagnosing Ebstein’s anomaly [4]. However, echocardiography is highly dependent on operator experience, the availability of good acoustic windows, and spatial resolution distal to the probe. Due to the position of the right ventricle being directly behind the sternum and its complex geometry, imaging the right ventricle with echocardiogram is often difficult (Movie 8.1).
The Electromagnetic Interaction

The aim of this chapter is to provide an outline of classical electrodynamics, followed by its reformulation as a gauge theory. The latter approach can in turn be generalized to other interactions (see Chapter 5).
Community detection in dynamic networks with spark

Detecting the evolution of communities within dynamically changing networks is important to understand the latent structure of complex large graphs. In this paper, we present an algorithm to detect real-time communities in dynamically changing networks. We demonstrate the proposed methodology through a case study in peer-to-peer (P2P) botnet detection which is one of the major threats to network security for serving as the infrastructure that is responsible for various cyber crimes. Our method considers online community structure from time to time and improves efficiency by maintaining the same level of accuracy of community detection over time. Experimental evaluation on Apache Spark implementation of the method showed that the execution time improves over dynamic version of Girvan-Newman community detection algorithm while having a higher accuracy level.
Impact of Buffers on Colloidal Property and Aggregation Propensities of a Bispecific Antibody

Abstract Bispecific antibodies represent a promising avenue whereby 2 different binding specificities of a single-chain antibody can be grafted into a common Fc fragment to generate one antibody-like molecule. Despite the promising efficacy of such modalities, they may lack manufacturability because of stability and aggregation issues. Herein, we performed a systematic buffer screening for an aggregation-prone therapeutic bispecific antibody (BsAb) during early stage development. To this end, various buffers (histidine, glutamate, acetate, and arginine) and buffer combinations, including arginine and glutamate (Arg + Glu), were evaluated for their stabilizing effects on BsAb. Specifically, we identified an equimolar combination of histidine and glutamate (His + Glu at pH 5.0) buffer that showed enhanced colloidal stability as measured by dynamic light scattering interaction parameter (kD). This implies a role of net protein-protein interaction in mediating aggregation propensity of the protein. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and multiangle light scattering experiments suggest the formation of a reversible dimer as a potential precursor to overall aggregation process. Furthermore, 1D nuclear magnetic resonance studies suggest a unique mode of interaction of histidine with BsAb that can be modulated by other buffer components or ionic strength.
Factors Affecting Adolescents' Willingness to Communicate Symptoms During Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review from the Children's Oncology Group

The purpose of this systematic review is to (1) synthesize evidence facilitators and barriers affecting adolescent willingness to communicate symptoms to health care providers (HCPs) and (2) create practice recommendations. The PICOT (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time) question guiding the review was, among adolescents with cancer, what factors affect their willingness to communicate symptoms to HCPs? Three databases, PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychINFO, were searched using keywords from the PICOT question. Inclusion criteria included original research studies with samples of at least 51% adolescents aged 10-18 years who were receiving or had received cancer treatment. Studies were included that evaluated outcomes related to willingness to communicate in general as well as communication of specific treatment symptoms. Exclusion criteria included systematic reviews and publications emphasizing cancer screening, cancer prevention, survivorship, or decision making. A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Two of the studies focused on symptom communication; the remaining nine studies focused on general communication or the overlap between general and symptom communication. Barriers to symptom and/or general communication included negative expectations, health-related uncertainty, ambiguousness with assessments, unfamiliarity, restriction of information, perceived negative provider characteristics/behaviors, adolescent circumstance, worry about others' perceptions, and provider approach. Facilitators to symptom and/or general communication included open communication, perceived favorable provider characteristics/behaviors, seasoned adolescent, and patient-provider rapport. Five practice recommendations were developed from the evidence that supports general and symptom communication between adolescents who are receiving or have completed cancer treatment and their HCPs.
Venetolax with Azacitidine Drains Fuel from AML Stem Cells.

In Nature Medicine, Pollyea et al. (2018) recently reported a remarkable overall response of newly diagnosed elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients to a venetoclax and azacitidine combination in a new clinical trial. This treatment reduced succinate dehydrogenase glutathionylation, impaired the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and depleted ATP in leukemia stem cells.
A Pilot Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Inhaled Beclomethasone after Community-Acquired Respiratory Viral (CARV) Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients (LTR)

Purpose CARV infections are associated with an increased risk of CLAD development and progression. Inhaled corticosteroids are used to treat airway inflammation , but there is a dearth of data regarding their use in lung transplantation . This study aimed to examine the effect of inhaled beclomethasone on the development and progression of CLAD after CARV. Methods Single-center, double blind, pilot, randomized, placebo controlled trial of inhaled beclomethasone in adult LTR diagnosed with a CARV between Jan 2017 and Dec 2017. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio stratified by BOS stage (BOS 0/0p vs 1/2) within 7 days of CARV. Study drug was continued for 6 months. The primary endpoint was freedom from new or progressive CLAD (defined as a 15% decline in pre CARV FEV1). Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and development of new DSA post-CARV. Results 7 patients were randomized to inhaled beclomethasone and 8 to placebo. Baseline demographics were well matched between groups including gender, age at LTR, time from LTR to CARV, upper vs lower CARV, BOS stage, and DSA at the time of study enrollment (Table 1). There was no difference in freedom from CLAD or CLAD progression between the 2 groups (Figure 1). No patients died or developed new DSA during the study period. Conclusion Inhaled beclomethasone was not associated with a lower incidence of new or progressive CLAD after CARV when compared to placebo. However, this study had limited power and sample size. Additional studies are necessary to assess the potential benefit of inhaled corticosteroids in LTR after CARV.
Creating and Disseminating Positive Psychology Interventions That Endure: Lessons from the Past, Gazing Toward the Future

This chapter reviews the history of development of several positive psychology interventions. I use forgiveness interventions, and specifically the REACH Forgiveness intervention, as a case study. REACH Forgiveness is described in two main formats—a psychoeducational group intervention not targeted at specific events and a general do-it-yourself workbook—and also the ways it is embedded within four other interventions. These include the Hope-focused Approach (HFA) to couple enrichment and therapy; Forgiveness and Reconciliation through Experiencing Empathy (FREE) for couples; the Dual Process model of self-forgiveness; and community-based forgiveness awareness-raising campaigns, especially within close, Christian communities. I draw on personal experience at developing positive-psychology-related interventions. Lessons are extracted regarding the creation of positive psychology interventions. Speculations are offered regarding the future of positive psychology-related interventions. These modifications in intervention practice will likely involve changes in the way interventions have been developed and marketed. Online interventions and do-it-yourself workbook interventions are specifically considered regarding forgiveness. Electronic interventions have high promise, but designing them to minimize attrition can be vexing. Speculation is offered on the reasons for attrition and ways to minimize attrition in future web-based interventions. Online interventions are available to attract people of all cultures and ethnic identities, but on the other hand, they can be tailored to only a limited number of cultures at any time. This multicultural mismatch between users and interventions must be addressed. Suggestions about how to do this are offered. General guidelines for the development of interventions in positive psychology are presented.
Student Maker Portfolios: Promoting Computational Communication and Reflection in Crafting E-Textiles

Maker activities have a strong focus on creating artifacts as a rich context for learning but offer few opportunities for student makers to articulate and reflect on their acts of learning and making. Yet beyond artifact creation, acts of communication enable novice makers to reflect on their learning and share their ideas and resources with larger creative communities. In this paper we report on our iterative design of a portfolio assessment intended to support computational communication alongside students' electronic textile productions. The portfolio was implemented as part of an electronic textiles curricular unit in ten computer science classrooms (N=237 students). We discuss our initial impetus for designing the portfolio as well as the revisions made along the way based on analysis of students' differing motivations and capacities for communicating about their projects, both textually and visually. We report on which design features best supported students' maker reflections and computational communication, and provide recommendations for future design of maker portfolios and further avenues of research.
Abbreviated MRI of the foot in patients with suspected osteomyelitis

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of an abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol of the foot for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in patients with acute foot infection. This retrospective study evaluated adult patients (age 18 and over) visiting an academic medical center from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015 who were imaged with MRI for suspected acute pedal osteomyelitis. Examinations were performed utilizing the departmental standard protocol. All examinations were retrospectively interpreted by five radiologists under two protocols: a reference standard protocol consisting of all non-contrast sequences obtained at initial acquisition and an abbreviated protocol consisting of only coronal T1-weighted and sagittal T2-weighted fast multiplanar inversion-recovery (FMPIR) sequences. Interpretation of the two imaging subsets was separated in time by at least 6 weeks for each reader. Each examination was assigned a score to represent one of four diagnostic categories: normal; soft tissue infection without bone changes or bone changes specific to a non-infectious etiology; nonspecific bone marrow changes; or bone changes specific for osteomyelitis. Diagnostic accuracy of both protocols was determined based on clinical diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis, and histopathology when available. One hundred and two MRI examinations met inclusion criteria; participants ranged in age from 26 to 91 years, with a mean age of 59 years. Seventy examinations were performed for male participants (69%) and 32 for female participants (31%). Thirty-five had a confirmed diagnosis of osteomyelitis, while the remainder (n = 67) did not. An average of 6 non-contrast sequences was performed during each examination. The most common protocol (53/102 examinations) was comprised of the following 6 sequences: axial T1-weighted, axial fat-saturated proton density, sagittal T1-weighted, sagittal T2-weighted FMPIR, coronal T1-weighted, and coronal fat-saturated proton density. After patient positioning, the abbreviated protocol sequences (sagittal T2-weighted FMPIR and coronal T1-weighted) were performed in an average total of 8 min. The reference standard protocol required an average of 22 min to complete 6 sequences. Averaged across all readers, the AUC for the reference standard full protocol and the abbreviated protocols were 0.843 and 0.873, respectively. The difference in AUC between protocols was not statistically significant (p = 0.1297), with the abbreviated protocol showing a non-significantly greater AUC. An abbreviated MRI protocol, including only coronal T1-weighted and sagittal T2-weighted FMPIR images, is non-inferior to standard MRI protocol for the diagnosis of acute pedal osteomyelitis. It should be considered as a diagnostic alternative for reducing imaging time and improving patient access to MRI.
Understand the effect of environmental and structural migration factors on the sexual and reproductive health of youth in central Asia and Africa: a modelling study

Abstract Background Every year millions of young people between the ages of 10 and 24 years in central Asia and Africa migrate to urban areas in search of better opportunities. Common factors driving youth migration include environmental degradation, war and conflict, and lack of economic opportunity and poverty. In collaboration with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), our aim was to study the effect of migration on the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of youth in Nairobi, Cairo, Beirut, and Tunis through the development of technological solutions for data collection and identification of youth most vulnerable to SRH issues. Methods We designed a web application useful for both migrants and researchers that contains a 27-question survey to collect migrant data on basic profile metrics such as their geographical journey and their sexual relations. This data can be used to inform the UNFPA's service, delivery, and policy efforts. The website also features a geographical healthcare centres map and safety tips for migrants. Additionally, we artificially created a dataset of 1000 migrant profiles to train a machine learning model to predict SRH vulnerabilities in young people. Findings The neural network model and the support vector machines algorithm demonstrated high accuracies of 0·92 and 0·90 respectively in predicting the most vulnerable youth. We optimised our algorithm to minimise false-negatives, even at the cost of a few false-positives. Interpretation Our results provide an opportunity to identify vulnerable youth for local officials to potentially reach out to in order to prevent SRH issues and to understand how such vulnerabilities might stem from their environmental and structural migration factors. Furthermore, researchers can investigate based on data collected from the web application how overcrowding of migrants in urban areas outstrips the areas of resources to further compromise the SRH health of the migrants. Funding None.
Reliability of the Dorsal Tangential View in Assessment of Distal Radioulnar Joint Reduction in the Neutral, Pronated, and Supinated Positions in a Cadaver Model

Purpose Intraoperative assessment of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) alignment is often based on lateral radiographs whose interpretation is dependent upon positioning the forearm in neutral rotation. The dorsal tangential view (DTV) is a near-axial view of the dorsal wrist used in assessing dorsal screw penetration during radius fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the DTV can also reliably assess DRUJ alignment in multiple forearm positions. Methods Four transhumeral cadaveric specimens were used to simulate an unstable DRUJ. The stabilizing soft tissue structures of the DRUJ were sectioned. Fluoroscopic DTV images were obtained with the DRUJ of each specimen held in 5 positions: dorsally dislocated, dorsally subluxated, reduced, volarly subluxated, and volarly dislocated. In each position, images were taken with the forearm in neutral rotation, full pronation, and full supination. Three observers independently assessed DRUJ position on DTV images. Intra- and interobserver reliability were assessed in each forearm position. Results Observers correctly identified DRUJ position as reduced, volarly malreduced, or dorsally malreduced on 94% of the DTV images (97%, 95%, and 92% in the neutral, supinated, and pronated forearm positions, respectively). Weighted kappa values for intraobserver reliability were 0.965, 0.964, and 0.965 for the 3 observers. The mean kappas for intraobserver reliability were 1.000, 0.967, and 0.930 with the forearm in neutral, supinated, and pronated positions, respectively. Weighted kappa values for interobserver reliability between paired observers were 0.948, 0.912, and 0.929. The mean kappa for interobserver reliability was 0.926, 0.931, and 0.930 for the forearm in neutral, supinated, and pronated positions, respectively. Conclusions The DTV reliably demonstrated the position of the DRUJ independent of forearm rotation in a cadaveric model. Clinical relevance Surgeons may consider the DTV as another tool for fluoroscopic verification of the DRUJ reduction in the operating room or clinic.
Laparoscopic Approach to the Difficult Trachelectomy: Surgical Tips and Tricks

Video Objective The objective of this video is to present a stepwise approach to completing difficult trachelectomies and to review relevant anatomy. Setting Supracervical hysterectomy was once a popular procedure, accounting for 7.5% of hysterectomies in 2004, secondary to purported benefits over total hysterectomy. With mounting evidence that there are no advantages to this technique, in addition to limitations on the use of power morcellators, the supracervical approach has fallen out of favor. Five to 10% of patient will continues to have bothersome bleeding following a supracervical hysterectomy. In this video we present a patient with complaints of pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding nine years after undergoing supracervical hysterectomy for dysmenorrhea. She reports that the planned procedure was a total hysterectomy, however at the time of surgery, obliteration of the anterior culdesac was encountered and the planned procedure was not completed. She desired definitive management. Interventions Laparoscopic trachelectomy with ureteral stent placement and removal via cystoscopy. Conclusion Post-hysterectomy laparoscopic trachelectomies can be challenging in the presence of known pelvic adhesive disease. Success is achievable through familiarity with key anatomical structures and relationships along with following a stepwise approach.
Posing Questions and Policy Suggestions: Autonomous Vehicles & Climate Change

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is projected to increase safety and efficiency of transportation. However, climate change poses a challenge to the smooth integration of AVs to current transportation infrastructure. Increased extreme weather events, higher precipitation and temperature, and damages to infrastructure are challenges AVs will face. Therefore, the authors advocate for Planned Adaptive Regulation, and raise questions that they feel policymakers and driving assessment should consider.
A Bayesian Modeling Approach for Estimating Earthquake Reconstruction Behavior

Rebuilding and repairing damaged physical infrastructure is a primary source of disaster aid spending following major earthquakes. Although aid distribution is monitored, it is not well understood ...
Moved to Justice: The Effects of Socially Conscious Films on Social Justice Concerns

The unique blend of fun entertainment and social relevance in socially conscious films, e.g., Black Panther (2018), appeals to viewers’ pleasure-seeking motives while it delivers social commentary....
A simple and cost-effective metal coating method for reflective long period grating sensors

A novel and cost-effective technique to coat a fiber optic long period grating (LPG) sensor with silver paste to realize a reflection mode operation is presented here. LPGs have higher sensitivity compared to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and are typically used as a transmission sensor. Recently, reflective LPG structures have been realized by coating the end of the LPG fiber with metal, but they have limitations as the fabrication process to coat the fiber with metal is either expensive or complex. In our work, we show a novel inexpensive technique to coat long lengths (60 cm or longer) of LPG with silver. The fabricated reflective LPG mimics the transmitted spectrum with improved selectivity. This simple coating method can be applied for other optical fiber sensors; such as metal embedded sensors for monitoring parameters at such critical locations not accessible to ordinary sensors.
Liver-Directed Therapy for Gastroenteropancreatic NETs in the Era of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) represent a heterogeneous group of tumors. Current treatment algorithms for these tumors are complex and often require a multidisciplinary approach. Recently, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) was granted Food and Drug Administration approval, making this treatment widely available in the United States. PRRT is now another therapeutic option for patients with GEP-NETs. To date there are no consensus guidelines about how to sequence multiple treatment options. Moreover, there is concern of potential liver toxicity when PRRT is used before or after liver-directed therapies (LDTs). In this review, we describe the characteristics of the most commonly used LDT and their potential interactions with PRRT, as well as specific clinical scenarios that are relevant when deciding on the use of LDT. We also review the limited case series that have been published involving patients treated with different combinations of LDT and PRRT. Finally, we discuss some of the future directions for GEP-NET treatments.
Online Tensor Low-Rank Representation for Streaming Data

This paper proposes a new streaming algorithm to learn low-rank structures of tensor data using the recently proposed tensor-tensor product (t-product) and tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD) algebraic framework. It reformulates the tensor low-rank representation (TLRR) problem using the equivalent bifactor model of the tensor nuclear norm, where the tensor dictionary is updated based on the newly collected data and representations. Compared to TLRR, the proposed method processes tensor data in an online fashion and makes the memory cost independent of the data size. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the superior performance, efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm over state-of-the-art methods.
New Voices and Creative Protest in Post-2008 Spain: María Folguera’s Los primeros días de Pompeya

In Spain, the 2008 financial crisis exacerbated pre-existing economic and social inequalities. Unemployment skyrocketed, poverty increased, and many people were evicted. In response, Spaniards join...
Applications of Computational Pathology in Head and Neck Cytopathology

Background The application of computational technology to head and neck cytology material has been explored experimentally in several areas with a variety of potential applications. Summary This review summarizes the application of these techniques to the diagnosis of thyroid, salivary gland, and other head and neck fine-needle aspiration specimens. Current limitations and potential future applications in diagnosis are discussed along with the possibilities for therapeutic applications of computational methodology. Key Message: Particularly promising applications include resolving diagnostic uncertainty in indeterminate thyroid aspirates and assessing the tumor microenvironment in response to immunotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma.
Spatial analysis of the impact of UVGI technology in occupied rooms using ray-tracing simulation.

The use of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) devices in the upper zones of occupied buildings has gained increased attention as one of the most effective mitigation technologies for the transmission of COVID-19. To ensure safe and effective use of upper-room UVGI, it is necessary to devise a simulation technique that enables engineers, designers, and users to explore the impact of different design and operational parameters. We have developed a simulation technique for calculating UV-C fluence rate within the volume of the upper zone and planar irradiance in the lower occupied zone. Our method is based on established ray-tracing light simulation methods adapted to the UV-C wavelength range. We have included a case study of a typical hospital patient room. In it, we explored the impact of several design parameters: ceiling height, device location, room configuration, proportions, and surface materials. We present a spatially mapped parametric study of the UV-C irradiance distribution in three dimensions. We found that the ceiling height and mounting height of the UVGI fixtures combined can cause the largest variation (up to 22%) in upper zone fluence rate. One of the most important findings of this study is that it is crucial to consider interreflections in the room. This is because surface reflectance is the design parameter with the largest impact on the occupant exposure in the lower zone: Applying materials with high reflectance ratio in the upper portion of the room has the highest negative impact (over 700% variation) on increasing hot spots that may receive over 6 mJ/cm2 UV dose in the lower occupied zone.
A High Efficiency and Low Cost ANPC Inverter Using Hybrid Si/SiC Switches

This paper presents a performance investigation and design optimization of a high efficiency three-level Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) inverter topology using hybrid Si/SiC switches. It uses a modulation strategy that produces a cluster of low frequency switches commutating at fundamental line frequency (realized with Si IGBTs) and high frequency switches commutating at carrier frequency (realized with hybrid Si/SiC switches) to facilitate a tradeoff between the inverter efficiency and cost. A generalized Si/SiC current rating ratio optimization algorithm is presented for the hybrid Si/SiC switches based on the power loss profile of ANPC inverter. This algorithm determines the optimal current rating ratio between the Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET for the hybrid Si/SiC switches based on the inverter operating specification and Si/SiC gate control technique to achieve the best tradeoff between cost, loss and reliability. The performance of the proposed ANPC inverter system is investigated and compared with other similar ANPC inverter systems. The proposed ANPC inverter system achieves higher efficiency compared to an all Si IGBT based ANPC inverter system, all SiC MOSFET based ANPC inverter system, and other ANPC inverter systems consisting mixed Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET devices. On the other hand, the semiconductor device cost of the proposed ANPC inverter system is much lower than an all SiC MOSFET based ANPC inverter system and the mixed Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET based ANPC inverter systems while it is on par with an all Si IGBT based ANPC inverter system.
Abstract 3094: Estrogen receptor β agonist depletes ovarian cancer stem cells via repressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Ovarian cancer is considered a hormone sensitive tumor. A healthy ovary expresses both Estrogen Receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). However, although expression of ERα fairly remains constant, the expression of ERβ gradually decreases as the cells undergo malignant transformation and furthers with the progression of cancer. ERα is thought to promote expression of genes associated with cell survival and proliferation enhancing tumor growth. In contrast, the ability of ERβ to suppress orthotropic ovarian xenograft development supported the role of ERβ as a ‘tumor suppressor9 in EOC tumorigenesis. Thus, use of ERβ agonists might prove to be therapeutically beneficial in ovarian cancer. Our studies reveal that activation of ERβ by using a newly developed ERβ agonist, WT-IV-012, is able to suppress the subpopulation of ovarian cancer stem cells. Mechanistically, WT-IV-012 inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated CSC expansion, probably by downregulating ERα, which is a key regulator in the maintenance of stemness of CSCs. Taken together, our data indicate that suppressed expression of ERβ is critical to maintaining stemness of ovarian cancer stem cells, in turn, contributing to cancer relapse and chemoresistance. ERβ agonist would be able to limit the CSC subpopulation and prevent tumor relapse and metastasis. Citation Format: Ananya Banerjee, Shurui Cai, Na Li, Kousalya Lavudi, Tejinder Pal, Xuetao Bai, Qi-En Wang. Estrogen receptor β agonist depletes ovarian cancer stem cells via repressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3094.
Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation Orders in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

The concept of Do-Not Attempt CardioPulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) is increasingly recognised as inadequate to define the complexities and nuances surrounding healthcare, in particular related to critical care. As a result, a number of bodies are now recommending alternative approaches to resuscitation decisions, including replacing DNACPR orders with clearly defined treatment and resuscitation plans jointly determined by the MultiDisciplinary Team (MDT) and patient (or relatives/next of kin where they lack capacity). These include advance care planning with a broader reach, including decisions around resuscitation. This chapter outlines the challenges associated with DNACPR orders in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) setting and describes alternatives that are increasingly recommended in current healthcare practice.
Radial anisotropy in the crust of SE Tibet and SW China from ambient noise interferometry

[1] We use Rayleigh and Love wave Green’s functions estimated from ambient seismic noise to study crustal structure and radial anisotropy in the tectonically complex and seismically active region west of the Sichuan Basin and around the Eastern Himalaya Syntaxis. In agreement with previous studies, low velocity zones are ubiquitous in the mid‐lower crust, with substantial variations both laterally and vertically. Discrepancies between 3‐ Ds hear velocity from either Rayleigh (VSV )o r Love (VSH) waves are examined both in view of non ‐uniqueness of tomographic solutions and radial anisotropy. Low shear wave speed and radial anisotropy with VSH > VSV are most prominent in mid‐lower crust in area northwest to the Lijiang‐Muli fault and around the Red River and Xiaojiang faults. This anisotropy could be caused by sub‐horizontal mica fabric and its association with low velocity zones suggests mica alignment due to flow in deep crustal zones of relatively low mechanical strength. Citation: Huang, H., H.Yao,andR.D.vanderHilst(2010),Radialanisotropyinthecrust of SE Tibet and SW China from ambient noise interferometry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L21310, doi:10.1029/2010GL044981.
JaMake: A Java Compiler Environment

A language of choice for general-purpose programming, Java is quickly becoming popular in more specialized areas, such as scientific computing. However, even though the compilation technologies have significantly improved Java execution, performance is still the main obstacle to the use of Java for scientific applications. Although good Java Virtual Machine implementations are approaching the performance of Fortran on similarly-coded applications, significant performance problems remain because of the power of the object-oriented programming paradigm. Our experiments show that full use of polymorphic, objectoriented programming can result in performance penalties of up to two orders of magnitude. To address this performance difficulty, the authors have developed the JaMake Java transformation system, which uses advanced program analysis and transformation techniques to allow programmers to create extensible and maintainable programs using objectoriented design, while generating Java programs whose performance approaches that of hand-optimized, Fortran-style code. Experiments on our collection of object-oriented scientific programs have shown that transformation by JaMake can yield speed-ups of a factor of ten or more, bringing the performance of these object-oriented programs to within 75% of hand-optimized, Fortran-style code.
Abstract 1581: Ethanol overrides DNA synthesis inhibition in response to PAHs (tobacco smoke carcinogens): a mechanistic explanation

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA It is a well-established fact that alcohol intake with smoking presents a potential health risk to human. Mechanistic understanding in this regard is not clear. We previously reported that DNA damage by tobacco smoke carcinogens polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is responded by cells through induction of cell growth inhibition in different cell lines. Here we observed that ethanol (EtOH) treatment at physiologically relevant concentration (60 mM) increases DNA synthesis in DNA damaging carcinogen (BPDE) treated cells. BPDE treatment of cells elicits G1-S cell cycle arrest, but EtOH does not have any significant modulating effect on G1-S arrest indicating increased DNA synthesis by EtOH is due to modulation of some other signaling event(s). EtOH co-treatment/pretreatment is unable to modulate BPDE-induced p53 accumulation and p53 phosphorylation at ser15 and ser20 indicating increased DNA synthesis by EtOH is p53 independent. We also observed that EtOH co-treatment/pretreatment potentiates BPDE-induced phosphorylation and activation of ERKs only and not p38 MAPK. Interestingly, treatment of cells with MEK1 inhibitor (PD098059) significantly reduced ethanol's ability to increase DNA synthesis in BPDE treated cells. This finding indicates that the ability of EtOH to potentiate BPDE-induced ERK activation may potentiate PAH-induced tumorigenesis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jagat J. Mukherjee, Subodh Kumar. Ethanol overrides DNA synthesis inhibition in response to PAHs (tobacco smoke carcinogens): a mechanistic explanation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1581. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1581
Using Hard Problems to Derandomize Algorithms: An Incomplete Survey

Yao showed how to use a sufficiently secure cryptographic permutation to construct pseudo-random generators to de-randomize arbitrary randomized algorithms. To do this, he used the fact that the XOR of independent random instances of a somewhat hard Boolean problem becomes almost completely unpredictable, a “direct product lemma”. In this survey, we try to sketch various connections between hard problems, direct product results, and de-randomization of algorithms.
Moral Imperatives for the Millennium: The Historical Construction of Race and Its Implications for Childhood and Schooling in the Twentieth Century

This essay argues strongly that racism in the United States hurts thefuture of all children. To eradicate this pernicious mindset inits institutional forms requires that we understand that race,as an idea that shapes social organization in this country,is a unique historical product dating from the colonial periodof the southern colonies of mainland British North America.Further, the mythology about American history, as it is taughtin school, excuses and legitimates continued inequality,oppression, and racism today. This essay traces the historyof class oppression from the 17th century, when the institutionof slavery was invented as a means of securing the unpaidchattel bonded labor of Anglo-Europeans, to the emergenceof unfree labor as a form of racial oppression, and subsequently the institutionalization of racial slavery inthe 18th century. Racial slavery, which elevated whitesupremacy and privilege, was still not synonymous with themodern form of pseudo-scientific racism that emerged as adefense of slavery in the antebellum period and its aftermathin the Civil War and Reconstruction. Racism and the legacyof white privilege is still used as a means of social controlto mask class relations and to thereby control and diminishcollective social action that potentially would occurin the absence of the color line. Knowledge of race as anhistorical construct created by human beings in particularcircumstances raises the possibility that race, racism, and its effects can also be changed by human beings acting in opposition to the conditions that artificially separate us.
Freedom in a Slave Society: Stories from the Antebellum South

1. Regarding a 'weird utopia' Part I. The Origins of Individual Freedom: 2. Self-making in southwestern towns 3. The domestic foundations of self-determination 4. The voluntary bonds of friendship Part II. Writing Freedom, with Slaves: 5. Southwestern histories for a divided market 6. Slave characters and the problem of human nature Part III. The Crisis of the Rising South: 7. Slavery and political trust 8. Self-determination and slavery in conflict.
Estimating Huntington’s Disease (HD) Onset Using a Low-Cost Balance Assessment (P4.061)

OBJECTIVE: To enhance estimates of Huntington’s disease (HD) onset (i.e. phenoconversion) using a simple and practical body sway assessment device (i.e. Wii Balance Board). BACKGROUND: HD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms that typically emerge in the fourth or fifth decades. Predicting when phenoconversion will occur is a critical factor for management of pre-manifest HD (preHD). Using state of the art balance testing (i.e. Neurocom Balance Master), Salomoncyzk and colleagues (2010) demonstrated balance difficulties in preHD subjects who were close to disease onset. Unfortunately, the clinical implementation of this equipment is both difficult and impractical. METHODS: In the present study we performed a brief balance assessment on 16 subjects with HD (mean age=54, mean CAG=43.1, mean UHDRS Total Motor=28.6), 15 subjects with preHD (mean age=46.4, mean CAG=41.9, mean UHDRS Total Motor=5.1), and 19 normal controls. PreHD was further separated into those individuals estimated to be far from onset (i.e. >5 years; n=7) and those estimated to be near to onset (i.e. within 5 years; n=8) by the Aylward equation. Body sway was assessed using a low-cost Wii balance board and user-friendly software run on a laptop. The balance test consisted of 12, 10-second static balance trials that included combinations of eyes open/closed and standing on a stable versus unstable (i.e. foam) surface. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in body sway (i.e. worse balance) in individuals with HD relative to controls in all conditions (p=0.006 - p=0.000); in addition, there was increased body sway for the near premanifest HD group in the task where eyes were open while standing on an unstable surface (p<0.05, Cohen’s D=0.74). CONCLUSION: Increased body sway, easily evaluated using a brief balance assessment, may serve as an important functional measure of gait disability in early HD, and an important marker of disease onset in those preHD who are near to conversion. Study supported by: UCSD HDSA CoE, NIH P50 AG 005131 Disclosure: Dr. Herndon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Corey-Bloom has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceutica, Siena, Prana, HSG, and CHDI. Dr. Scholl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Burt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Huynh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goble has nothing to disclose.
Zeolite sensitized photoelectron transfer: Modulation of reduction potentials

Abstract The remarkable efficiency of conversion of light to chemical energy observed in green plant photosynthesis arises due to the spatial positioning of the sensitizers and the molecules involved in the electron relay. The architecture of zeolite cages also allows for positioning of molecules spatially, and in a primitive sense mimics photosynthesis. Using entrapped Ru(bpy)2+3 as sensitizer, directional electron transfer to propylviologen sulfonate (PVS) in solution is possible if the mediating viologen in the zeolite has the appropriate reduction potential e.g. N,N′-tetramethylene-2,2′ bipyridinium (DQ2+). The reduction potentials of viologens is controlled by introducing steric effects in the molecule such that planarity of the two bipyridyl rings upon one-electron reduction is difficult to achieve. We show that by using viologen molecules that span several supercages of a zeolite e.g. benzylviologen (BV2+), we can also alter the reduction potential, but because of the steric constraints imposed by the zeolite framework. Thus, in this example, not only does the zeolite provide spatial orientation, but also modulates the reduction potential of the encapsulated viologen.
Polyfunctional responses by human T cells result from sequential release of cytokines

The release of cytokines by T cells defines a significant part of their functional activity in vivo, and their ability to produce multiple cytokines has been associated with beneficial immune responses. To date, time-integrated end-point measurements have obscured whether these polyfunctional states arise from the simultaneous or successive release of cytokines. Here, we used serial, time-dependent, single-cell analysis of primary human T cells to resolve the temporal dynamics of cytokine secretion from individual cells after activation ex vivo. We show that multifunctional, Th1-skewed cytokine responses (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNFα) are initiated asynchronously, but the ensuing dynamic trajectories of these responses evolve programmatically in a sequential manner. That is, cells predominantly release one of these cytokines at a time rather than maintain active secretion of multiple cytokines simultaneously. Furthermore, these dynamic trajectories are strongly associated with the various states of cell differentiation suggesting that transient programmatic activities of many individual T cells contribute to sustained, population-level responses. The trajectories of responses by single cells may also provide unique, time-dependent signatures for immune monitoring that are less compromised by the timing and duration of integrated measures.
Parkinson's disease perspectives on epidemiology and pathogenesis.

Abstract Though first described over a century and a half ago, Parkinson's disease remained something of an enigma to the clinician and the neurophysiologist until recently. The past few years have seen spectacular advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition and its therapy. Among the epidemiological aspects considered here are the significantly reduced risk of parkinsonism in Negroes and the question of whether, as suggested by some, the disease is a cohort phenomenon destined to disappear within the decade. Data on the genetics of Parkinson's disease are summarized and the evidence on its possible viral etiology is weighed. Finally, the metabolic pathways of the catecholamines are reviewed and consideration is given to possible relationships between melanin, dopamine, and nicotine which might explain the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Involuntary tremulous motion, with lessened muscular power, in parts not in action and even when supported; with a propensity to bend the trunk forwards, and to pass from a walking to a running pace: the senses and intellects being uninjured (54).
C3 Production, vibrational relaxation and chemical kinetics following IR photolysis of allene

Abstract IR multiple photon photolysis of allene (C 3 H 4 ) is used to produce C 3 ( 1 Σ + g ) which is probed by dye laser induced fluorescence. A kinetic analysis is presented which considers vibrational relaxation and reaction with NO and O 2 as added oxidants.
African Americans and Serial Killing in the Media: The Myth and the Reality

There were many expressions of shock and surprise voiced in the media in 2002 when the “D.C. Sniper” turned out to be two Black males. Two of the stereotypes surrounding serial killers are that the...