cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of warning characteristics on driver behavior in connected vehicles systems with missed warnings.

Abstract With emerging new technologies, the vehicles in the future with connected vehicle systems (CVS) will be equipped with the ability to communicate with each other and aim to provide drivers with information in a timely and reliable way to improve driver safety. This study was designed to investigate the interaction effects of warning lead time (2.5 s vs. 4.5 s), warning reliability (73% vs. 89%), and speech warning style (command vs. notification) on driver performance and subjective evaluation of warnings in CVS. A driving simulator study with thirty-two participants was designed to simulate a connected vehicle environment with missed warnings due to failures in the communication network of the CVS. With regard to the response types, the results showed that notification warnings led to a lower probability of braking response and a higher probability of braking and steering response compared with command warnings. The results showed command warnings led to a smaller collision rate compared to notification warnings with the warning lead time of 2.5 s, whereas no significant difference of collision rates was found between two warning styles when the warning lead time is 4.5 s. These results suggest notification warnings should be selected when the warning lead time is longer and the warning systems are highly reliable, which resulted in higher safety benefits and higher subjective rating. Command warnings could be selected when the warning lead time is shorter since they led to more safety benefits, but such selection has to be made with caution since command warnings may limit drivers’ response type and were perceived as less helpful than notification warnings.
Transnational Slash: Korean Drama Formats, Boys’ Love Fanfic, and the Place of Queerness in East Asian Media Flows

In contrast to scholarship emphasizing the social and sexual conservativism of South Korean and East Asian popular culture relative to Western media, Lessard makes the case that queer cultural forms and online fandoms should be seen as a driving force in East Asian media flows. Focusing on the queer-themed Korean drama, You’re Beautiful, and its subsequent formatting for Japanese and Taiwanese markets, Lessard traces the transnational, queer circuitries of adaptation underlying You’re Beautiful’s courtship of both traditional broadcast markets and diverse online viewerships. Lessard argues that transnational queer fandoms, including yaoi and BL (Boys’ Love) fanfic communities, have played an important, yet often overlooked, role in the regional as well as global successes of East Asia’s creative industries.
Evaluation of cathode ray tube (CRT) glass concrete with/without surface treatment

Abstract Using the crushed waste Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass as fine aggregate to produce concrete can be an efficient method to resolve the recycling issue. However, the mediocre mechanical properties of CRT concrete obstructed its wide application. This study aims to resolve this issue based on the study on concrete/mortar specimen incorporating with an innovated surface treatment method. Specifically, a two-step surface treatment method was proposed to improve the performance of CRT concrete by modifying the surface layer of CRT glass sands with NaOH solution and Al(NO3)3 solution. About 30% of the portland cement was replaced with class-F fly ash to mitigate possible ASR damage by the reactive CRT aggregate. The mechanical performance (Compressive/flexural strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and flexural fracture energy) and the durability performance (Drying shrinkage and ASR expansion) was examined and compared among different specimens. In addition, the leaching levels of lead in different concrete specimens was evaluated by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The results showed that the surface treatment method of CRT glass sands could obviously improve both the mechanical properties and durability performance. Particularly, the leaching of lead (Pb) level in all concrete specimens was much lower than the TCLP heavy metals limit of 5 mg/L. This experimental study will facilitate the production of CRT glass concrete for secondary structural applications.
The many dimensions of scientific responsibility

In the debates at the junction of science and society, let us heed James Franck's advice to be ‘very certain we really know this little’
188 Improvement of bovine oocyte maturation invitro through cytokine supplementation

Oocyte competence is one of the key factors determining the proportion of embryos that develop to the blastocyst stage. There is vast evidence that IVM oocytes exhibit less developmental potential than their in vivo counterparts. Here, we tested whether supplementation of three cytokines [FGF2 (40 ng mL−1), LIF (20 ng mL−1), and IGF1 (20 ng mL−1), termed FLI] improved oocyte maturation, and as a consequence, preimplantation development of bovine embryos in vitro. In the first experiment, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from abattoir-derived ovaries and placed in maturation medium, ± FLI, for 18 to 22 h. At the end of maturation, COCs were fertilized with sperm from a single Holstein bull known to have high fertility. After an 18- to 20-h fertilization period, putative zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid for 8 days. The number of embryos that underwent at least one cellular division (cleavage) and the number of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage was recorded on Days 3 and 8 after insemination, respectively. The COCs supplemented with FLI (n = 554) and controls (n = 534) were evaluated across 5 replicates. There was no difference in the cleavage rate (P > 0.05) between the two treatments. Development to the blastocyst stage was higher (P = 0.05) for FLI-treated COCs (34.9% ± 1.96) than for the control group (23.9% ± 1.96). In a second experiment, COCs (n = 204) supplemented ± FLI were collected and fixed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after placement in maturation medium. The number of transzonal projections in the COCs was determined by localization of actin filaments by using confocal microscopy. Data were analysed by ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.4; SAS Institute Inc.). The model included treatment, time, and the interaction of treatment × time as fixed effects. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the number of transzonal projections at 6 h (166.3 ± 8.6 vs. 143.9 ± 8.8) and 12 h (107.8 ± 8.4 vs. 128.3 ± 7.7) between FLI-treated and control COCs. However, FLI-treated COCs had fewer (P 0.05) in lipid content between treatments. Thus, supplementation of maturation medium with FLI accelerates the disassociation of transzonal projections in COCs and improves subsequent embryonic development to the blastocyst stage while having no detectable effect on lipid content. Further research is necessary to understand how these cytokines modulate IVM of bovine oocytes. This project was supported by Food for the 21st Century and the Clifton Murphy scholarship fund.
Borderland pedagogies of cariño: theorizing relationships of care from teacher practice with Latina mothering students

This article explores how a Chicana/Mexicana teen parenting educator along the U.S./Mexico border crafted her pedagogy from personalized care, conceptualized as borderland pedagogies of carino (car...
High Accuracy Matrix Computations on Neural Engines: A Study of QR Factorization and its Applications

Fueled by the surge of ever expanding successful applications of deep neural networks and the great computational power demanded, modern computer processors and accelerators are beginning to offer half precision floating point arithmetic support, and special units (neural engines) such as NVIDIA TensorCore on GPU and Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) to accelerate the training and prediction of deep neural networks. It remains unclear how neural engines can be profitably used in applications other than neural networks. In this paper we present an endeavor of accelerating and stabilizing a fundamental matrix factorization on neural engines---the QR factorization---which may open doors to much wider relevance to scientific, engineering, and data science. We show that traditional Householder QR algorithms and implementations do not have the necessary data locality, parallelism, accuracy, and robustness on neural engines which are characterized by extreme speed and low precision/range. We demonstrate that neural engines can be effectively used to accelerate matrix computations (QR 3.0x-14.6x speedup compared to cuSOLVER, reaching up to 36.6TFLOPS); however different algorithms (recursive Gram-Schmidt) are needed to expose more locality and parallelism, even at the cost of increased computations. Moreover, scaling, iterative refinement, and other safeguarding procedures are also needed to regain accuracy and avoid overflowing. Our experience seems to suggest that presently with neural engines the matrix factorizations (QR, LU, Cholesky) are best to be co-designed with its applications (linear solver, least square, orthogonalization, SVD, etc) to achieve high performance and adequate accuracy and reliability.
Rate Theory Model of Irradiation-Induced Solute Clustering in b.c.c. Fe-Based Alloys

Solute nanoclusters are critical to the structural and mechanical integrity of numerous alloys based on the b.c.c. Fe matrix, which have risen to prominence as candidates for advanced nuclear reactor applications. Because irradiation can profoundly alter the morphology and composition of these solute nanoclusters, it is critical to understand and predict solute clustering behavior in the presence of irradiation. In this study, we advance a simple theory to model irradiation-induced nanocluster evolution subject to different irradiating particles. The model is trained and validated with experimental data following an approach similar to training a machine learning algorithm, resulting in an agile model that can be used for rapid screening of new alloys. Using the model, nanocluster evolution is found to depend upon the disordering parameter (i.e., cluster morphology and dose rate) and irradiation temperature, and is most sensitive to the solute migration, vacancy formation, and vacancy migration energies. Results are discussed with respect to the irradiation temperature shift for varying irradiating particle types and dose rates.
Diamond quantum nanophotonics and optomechanics

Abstract Diamond is a promising material for the realization of quantum information technology as it hosts optically active color centers with long lived spin coherence and has material properties that allow for efficient use of photons and phonons as quantum information carriers. For many years, implementation of devices leveraging these properties was hampered by the lack of techniques for heteroepitaxial growth of pure diamond films, which prevented straightforward application of traditional nanophotonic fabrication techniques. Recently, new fabrication procedures have emerged and enabled the fabrication of nanostructures for various applications ranging from improved photon and phonon manipulation to cavity QED. Of particular importance is the development of freestanding diamond devices which has led to the creation of diamond photonic crystal cavities coupled to color centers. Such structures have enabled benchmark experiments towards the implementation of long-range, optically-mediated quantum networks. Furthermore, these procedures can also be used to engineer nanomechanical devices for creating coherent interactions between color centers and phonons, potentially enabling the creation of complementary shorter range, mechanically-mediated networks. Finally, optomechanical devices mediating photon-phonon interactions promise to gain further control over these two degrees of freedom as well as to enable the interfacing of quantum systems at vastly differing energy scales. In this chapter we trace the progression of fabrication techniques, performance benchmarks, and applications for these devices and highlight promising directions for future research.
Infused Autograft-Absolute Lymphocyte Count Predicts Superior Survival in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients Post-Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Matched-Control Study

Introduction Day 15 absolute lymphocyte count (ALC-15) recovery after autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (APBHSCT) is recognized as a prognostic factor for survival. ALC-15 recovery is directly dependent on the amount of collected and infused autograft-absolute lymphocyte count (A-ALC). Our group published a double-blind phase III study which showed that patients infused with an A-ALC ≥ 0.5 x 109 cells/kg experienced superior survival post-APBHSCT. Based on the results from our phase III study, on April 1, 2017, our Bone Marrow Transplant Program changed our standard clinical practice to collect an A-ALC ≥ 0.5 x 109 cells/kg in addition to stem cells for lymphoma patients undergoing APBHSCT. To continue to assess the prognostic ability of A-ALC, we evaluated the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients that underwent APBHSCT after April 1, 2017 compared with a matched-control group in a 1:1:1 ratio with DLBCL patients infused with an A-ALC Methods Eight-five consecutive DLBCL patients after our practice changed on April 1, 2017 received an A-ALC ≥ 0.5 x 109 cells/kg. For each DLBCL patient infused with an A-ALC ≥ 0.5 x 109 cells/kg after April 1, 2017, the set of potential controls was restricted to those DLBCL patients infused with an A-ALC Results Cases, control 1 and control 2 were balanced to the clinical risk variables; age (p = 0.8); gender (p = 0.9); LDH (p = 0.6); stage (p = 0.3); performance status (p = 0.5); extra-nodal disease (p = 0.2); IPI (p = 0.6); and clinical status prior to transplant (p = 0.2). Figure 1A showed the OS and figure 1B the PFS. Both the cases and control 2 showed superior OS and PFS in comparison to control 1. Cases and control 2 showed overall similar OS and PFS. Multivariate analysis including all patients continue to depict the A-ALC ≥ 0.5 x 109 cells/kg as an independent predictor for OS (HR = 0.382, 95%CI=0.241-0.605, p 60 years: OS (p 1: OS (p 2: OS (p 1: OS (p Conclusion Our match-control study continues to support the results of our Phase III study showing that the infusion of A-ALC is a prognostic factor for survival of DLBCL patients undergoing APBHSCT. Our studies support the practice of not only collecting enough stem cells (i.e., CD34) for hematologic engraftment, but also enough immune effector cells (i.e., A-ALC) to improve clinical outcomes in DLBCL patients post-APBHSCT. Download : Download high-res image (248KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures Ansell: Regeneron: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Trillium: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; AI Therapeutics: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding.
Prevention and Therapy of Induced Atherosclerosis in Rabbits and Monkeys Regardless of Serum Cholesterol Levels

At the present time it is uncertain whether serum cholesterol levels can be sufficiently lowered in individuals of more developed countries by diet and/or drugs to achieve primary prevention or regression of atherosclerosis and its sequellae. It is known that populations of less developed countries in the Middle East, Asia, Africa and South America (Lee, Nam, Kwon, Kim and Goodale, 1963; Scott, Daoud and Lee, 1964; Lee, Daoud, Jarmolych, Jacovic and Florentin, 1964; Vladover, Abramovici, Neufeld and Liban, 1967; Geerdink, Breel, Sander and Schillhorn-Van Ven, 1973) consuming little or no cholesterol and animal fats have much lower serum cholesterol levels (< 150 mg/100 ml) than their counterparts in more developed countries. Individuals from these populations rarely develop clinically significant atherosclerotic disease. However, it is highly unlikely that the population of more developed countries can be persuaded to consume such diets. It therefore appears to be reasonable to search for drugs which might inhibit or reverse atherosclerosis without significantly altering serum cholesterol.
Evolutionary implications of recombination differences across diverging populations of Anopheles

Abstract Recombination is one of the main evolutionary mechanisms responsible for changing the genomic architecture of populations; and in essence, it is the main mechanism by which novel combinations of alleles, haplotypes, are formed. A clear picture that has emerged across study systems is that recombination is highly variable, even among closely related species. However, it is only until very recently that we have started to understand how recombination variation between populations of the same species impact genetic diversity and divergence. Here, we used whole-genome sequence data to build fine-scale recombination maps for nine populations within two species of Anopheles, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. The genome-wide recombination averages were on the same order of magnitude for all populations except one. Yet, we identified significant differences in fine-scale recombination rates among all population comparisons. We report that effective population sizes, and presence of a chromosomal inversion has major contribution to recombination rate variation along the genome and across populations. We identified over 400 highly variable recombination hotspots across all populations, where only 9.6% are shared between two or more populations. Additionally, our results are consistent with recombination hotspots contributing to both genetic diversity and absolute divergence (dxy) between populations and species of Anopheles. However, we also show that recombination has a small impact on population genetic differentiation as estimated with FST. The minimal impact that recombination has on genetic differentiation across populations represents the first empirical evidence against recent theoretical work suggesting that variation in recombination along the genome can mask or impair our ability to detect signatures of selection. Our findings add new understanding to how recombination rates vary within species, and how this major evolutionary mechanism can maintain and contribute to genetic variation and divergence within a prominent malaria vector.
Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Profiling of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Purpose: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is not curable and there is a growing interest in personalized therapy options. Here we report molecular profiling of MBC focusing on molecular evolution in actionable alterations. Experimental Design: Sixty-two patients with MBC were included. An analysis of DNA, RNA, and functional proteomics was done, and matched primary and metastatic tumors were compared when feasible. Results: Targeted exome sequencing of 41 tumors identified common alterations in TP53 (21; 51%) and PIK3CA (20; 49%), as well as alterations in several emerging biomarkers such as NF1 mutations/deletions (6; 15%), PTEN mutations (4; 10%), and ARID1A mutations/deletions (6; 15%). Among 27 hormone receptor–positive patients, we identified MDM2 amplifications (3; 11%), FGFR1 amplifications (5; 19%), ATM mutations (2; 7%), and ESR1 mutations (4; 15%). In 10 patients with matched primary and metastatic tumors that underwent targeted exome sequencing, discordances in actionable alterations were common, including NF1 loss in 3 patients, loss of PIK3CA mutation in 1 patient, and acquired ESR1 mutations in 3 patients. RNA sequencing in matched samples confirmed loss of NF1 expression with genomic NF1 loss. Among 33 patients with matched primary and metastatic samples that underwent RNA profiling, 14 actionable genes were differentially expressed, including antibody–drug conjugate targets LIV-1 and B7-H3. Conclusions: Molecular profiling in MBC reveals multiple common as well as less frequent but potentially actionable alterations. Genomic and transcriptional profiling demonstrates intertumoral heterogeneity and potential evolution of actionable targets with tumor progression. Further work is needed to optimize testing and integrated analysis for treatment selection.
Secondary Science Preservice Teachers: Technology Integration in Methods and Residency

The purpose of this study was to describe what and how secondary science preservice teachers (SSPST) implemented technology, in student teaching residency, that they had planned in previous science...
Critical Mass: Oral History, Innovation Theory, and the Fitness Legacy of the Muscle Beach Scene

The original Muscle Beach, in Santa Monica, California, is a site that looms large in the historical imagination. At once a hotbed of physical culture practices and a pop culture reference point, t...
High-output diesel engine heat transfer: Part 1 - comparison between piston heat flux and global energy balance:

High-output diesel engine heat transfer measurements are presented in this paper, which is the first of a two-part series of papers. Local piston heat transfer, based on fast-response piston surfac...
Nerve Transfers After Cervical Spine Surgery: Multi-Institutional Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background Up to 10% of cervical spine surgeries are complicated by postoperative weakness. Although many patients recover with nonoperative management, some require surgery for restoration of function. Objective To present the indications and outcomes of patients undergoing nerve transfers after developing weakness secondary to cervical spine decompression. Methods A retrospective review of patients from 2 academic medical centers who underwent nerve transfer for C5–6 root injury after cervical spine surgery was performed. Results Of the 10 treated patients, 9 experienced recovery at last follow-up, demonstrating improvements in strength and motion in the affected muscles. Successful nerve transfers occurred between 3 and 8 months after the index spinal surgery and included spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve, triceps branch to anterior division of the axillary nerve, and/or ulnar or median fascicles to motor branches of the musculocutaneous nerve. The unsuccessful patient underwent nerve transfer surgery approximately 11 months after the index operation and failed to obtain functional recovery. Conclusions Patients who experience C5–6 weakness after cervical spine surgery should be evaluated and considered for nerve transfer surgery if they have continued severe functional deficits at 6 months postoperatively. Earlier referral for nerve transfer is associated with improved functional outcomes in this cohort.
Mechanism and Potential Treatment of the 'No Reflow' Phenomenon After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Role of Pericytes and GPR39

The mechanism of “no reflow” phenomenon, where the coronary artery is patent after treatment of acute myocardial infarction but tissue perfusion is not restored, is unknown. This condition is assoc...
Identification of Condition-Specific Biomarker Systems in Uterine Cancer.

Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women, projected to affect 66,000 US women in 2021. Uterine cancer often arises in the inner lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, but can present as several different types of cancer, including endometrioid cancer, serous adenocarcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma. Previous studies have analyzed the genetic changes between normal and cancerous uterine tissue to identify specific genes of interest, including TP53 and PTEN. Here we used Gaussian Mixture Models to build condition-specific gene co-expression networks for endometrial cancer, uterine carcinosarcoma, and normal uterine tissue. We then incorporated uterine regulatory edges and investigated potential co-regulation relationships. These networks were further validated using differential expression analysis, functional enrichment, and a statistical analysis comparing the expression of transcription factors and their target genes across cancerous and normal uterine samples. These networks allow for a more comprehensive look into the biological networks and pathways affected in uterine cancer compared to previous singular gene analyses. We hope this study can be incorporated into existing knowledge surrounding the genetics of uterine cancer and soon become clinical biomarkers as a tool for better prognosis and treatment.
Using analogical mapping to assess the affordances of scale models used in earth and environmental science education

Physical analog models are a common pedagogical device in Earth and Environmental Science education for helping students bridge the vast scale difference between the Earth and the classroom. Gentner's structural framework for analogical reasoning has been used to map the correspondences and non-correspondences between two widely-used analog models and the relevant portions of the Earth System. A classroom model of convection in an aquarium has important correspondences to the atmospheric Hadley cell at the levels of attributes, simple relations, higher order relations and systematicity. A volcano eruption model lacks the relations among lava flow temperature, viscosity, and distance that result in construction of the distinctive conical shape of real volcanoes. Analogical mappings of classroom models can be used to guide the design of instruction and assessment so as to increase the chances that students will understand the Earth system at the level of higherorder relations rather than superficial attributes.
Contemporary Approaches to Teacher Professional Development

Teacher professional development (PD) has been in high demand during the last decade, and the design and dissemination of new PD models have been the impetus for discussion among educators around the world. Previously called teacher in-service training, the preferred label by scholars and practitioners is now teacher professional development. In this article, we consider the distinction between in-service training and “professional development, and go on to discuss the current literature on features of high-quality PD. We also provide examples of programs that illustrate these features and consider the emerging use of new technologies to enhance PD opportunities.
Femininity and the Double Burden: Dialogues on the Socialization of Russian Daughters into Womanhood

In the last two decades there has been a mini-boom of publications on Russian women’s issues (Hurych & Goldstein, 1995; Ruthchild, 1993). There may be several explanations as to why the ‘women question’ in Russia has received so much attention recently. On the one hand, the lives of Russian women have been of great interest to western feminist scholars, as Soviet Russia was the first country in the world to officially proclaim the full liberation of women, legally protecting their equal political and civil rights (Tolkunova, 1985). Another source of attention to Russian women’s issues was the public debate about women in the USSR, launched by Soviet officials in the middle of the 1960s in an attempt to solve the demographic crisis (Attwood, 1990; Buckley, 1986; Lapidus, 1983). The official discussions about the position of women in Soviet society continued well into the 1980s, challenging the country’s sociologists, economists, demographers, and lawyers to solve the problems of falling birth rates and the declining economic productivity of working women (Buckley, 1986). The third large body of studies on Russian women’s issues has been done by Russian feminists, whose writings emerged separately from their Western counterparts and had been ‘underground’ prior to perestroika (Mamonova, 1994, 1989). In addition, a number of ‘anti-feminist’ articles appeared in Western and Russian press as a reaction to the feminist treatment of Russian women’s issues (Tolstaya, 1995, 1990). Thus, there have been at least four different “sides” articulated with respect to the condition of Russian women. Regardless of the side taken on the debate on the women question in Russia, one tenet remains well accepted. It is mothers who have the primary responsibility for the socialization of their daughters into womanhood. This chapter will first overview the two preeminent voices impacting the context within which women socialize their daughters to womanhood in the mid-1990s, the official historical perspective and the Russian feminist perspective. These views will then be compared with women’s own perceptions, emerging from interviews conducted by the first author in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia in the summer of 1997.
Enzyme evolution. Design by necessity.

Creating new enzymes by ‘rational design’ has proved to be extremely difficult. A new approach combines structural modification with natural selection — so-called ‘directed evolution’. With this technique, one enzyme in a biosynthetic pathway can be converted into another enzyme with a completely different function.
Reactive uptake and hydration experiments on amorphous carbon treated with NO2, SO2, O3, HNO3, and H2SO4

The reactivity and hydration properties of amorphous carbon were studied in a low-pressure Knudsen cell reactor at room temperature (298 K). Reactions of NO2 (γ=0.11±0.04) and HNO3 (γ=0.038±0.008) were observed and may be important for nitrogen partitioning in the atmosphere. Water uptake was measured before and after exposure to various gases. Treating the amorphous carbon with NO2 and O3 does not alter the H2O uptake, while treatment with SO2, HNO3, and H2SO4 significantly increases the H2O uptake. The experimental results support current assumptions in jet aircraft plume models that sulfuric acid condensation is involved in the activation of soot particles as condensation nuclei.
Electrical and thermal analysis of vertical unidirectional 3C-SiC/Si MESFETs on silicon substrate

The performance of a Unidirectional Normally-on 3C-SiC/Si power MESFET is analyzed. The electrical characteristics are simulated using the industry standard Silvaco Atlas simulator. Thermal analysis and self-heating are investigated using COMSOL, the most advanced Multiphysics simulator. The electrical analysis shows that the drain current of this device is 100% higher than a lateral device with the same dimensions, while occupying less than 33% of the area. The study shows that for a gate voltage of 0V, the drain current reaches 600mA/mm; the breakdown voltage reaches more than 600V; and the critical breakdown electric field increases to 3.9×106V/cm. The Thermal analysis is conducted using the Si substrate as a heat sink, with T=300K. The drain current was set 600 mA/mm and the drain voltage at 600V. The results show that highest surface temperature due to self-heating does not exceed 312K.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CDHD AND CDHE GENES ENCODING SUBUNITS OF THE CORRINOID/IRON-SULFUR ENZYME OF THE CO DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX FROM METHANOSARCINA THERMOPHILA

The CO dehydrogenase enzyme complex from Methanosarcina thermophila contains a corrinoid/iron-sulfur enzyme composed of two subunits (delta and gamma). The cdhD and cdhE genes, which encode the delta and gamma subunits, respectively, were cloned and sequenced. The cdhD gene is upstream of and separated by 3 bp from cdhE. Both genes are preceded by apparent ribosome-binding sites. Northern (RNA) blot and primer extension analyses indicated that cdhD and cdhE are cotranscribed from a promoter located several kilobases upstream of cdhD. The putative CdhD and CdhE sequences are 37% identical to the sequences deduced from the genes encoding the beta and alpha subunits of the corrinoid/iron-sulfur enzyme from Clostridium thermoaceticum. The CdhE sequence had a four-cysteine motif with the potential to bind a 4Fe-4S cluster previously identified in the corrinoid/iron-sulfur enzyme by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. A T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system was used to produce CdhD and CdhE independently in Escherichia coli. The purified CdhD protein was reconstituted with hydroxocobalamin in the base-on configuration. The purified CdhE protein exhibited an Fe-S center and base-off cobalamin binding in which the benzimidazole base nitrogen atom was no longer a lower axial ligand to the cobalt atom.
THE CHARACTERISTICS AND GENETIC MAP LOCATION OF A TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE DNA MUTANT OF E. COLI K12

A temperature sensitive strain of E. coli K12 has been isolated in which residual DNA synthesis occurs at the 40 degrees C restrictive temperature; syntheses of RNA, protein and DNA precursors are not directly affected. The mutation has been designated dna-325 and is located at 89 min on the E. coli map in the same region where the dnaC locus is found. dnaC mutants are considered to be defective in DNA initiation. Some of the data are consistent with the view that the dna-325 mutation is temperature sensitive in the process of DNA initiation rather than DNA chain elongation: (1) more than two cell divisions occur after a shift to 40 degrees C; (2) upon a shift down to 30 degrees C, cell division occurs again only after the DNA content of the cells has doubled; (3) 80% more DNA is made at 30 degrees C in the presence of chloramphenicol after prior inhibition of DNA synthesis at 40 degrees C. These three observations indicate that rounds of DNA replication were completed at 40 degrees C. Also (4) infective lambda particles can be made at 40 degrees C long after bacterial DNA replication has ceased. It appears however that some DNA initiation can occur at 40 degrees C since (1) a limited amount of DNA synthesis does occur at 40 degrees C after prior alignment of the chromosomes by amino acid starvation at 30 degrees C, and (2) after incubation in bromouracil at the restrictive temperature, heavy DNA is found with both strands containing bromouracil.
Sympathetic efferent pathways projecting to the bladder neck and proximal urethra in the rat

Abstract The sympathetic innervation of the rat bladder neck and proximal urethra (BN/PU) was investigated by measuring BN/PU pressure responses to electrical stimulation of a left lumbar splanchnic nerve (LSN) following consecutive transections of more distal nerves. L2–L6 LSN stimulation increased BN/PU pressure. BN/PU pressure responses did not change after section of the right hypogastric nerve (HGN) but significantly decreased after subsequent sectioning of the commissural branches (CB-MPG) between the right and left major pelvic ganglia (MPG) (22%) and the commissural branches (CB-APG) between right and left accessory pelvic ganglia (APG) (30%). In other animals BN/PU pressure responses were slightly decreased (
S-wave neutron strength functions

The concept of neutron strength functions and the experimental methods of measuring them are reviewed briefly. S-wave neutron strength functions, S (0), obtained from experimental data on neutron total cross sections at energies below 700 keV are presented in tabular form. Publications and private communications published between 1954 and July 1966 have been covered. Recommended values of S(0) are listed and plotted as a function of atomic weight. Theoretical predictions based on the nuclear optical model are also presented for purposes of comparison.
MENTAL FUNCTION AND GROWTH IN CHILDREN WITH EARLY (E) VS. LATE (L) ONSET END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE (ESLD)

We compared mental function and growth in 11 children with onset of liver disease in the first year of life (range:1-12 months) with 16 patients with late onset (18 months-11 years). Age (x±SD) at testing was: E:8±3; L:11±4 years. Wechsler Scales of Intelligence provided Verbal (VIQ), Performance (PIQ) and Full Scale (FSIQ) IQs. Percent of median (NCHS standards) for weight (W) and height (H) for age (W/A, H/A) and W for H (W/H) were also obtained. E and L groups were similar in severity of liver disease as measured by serum bilirubin (range, E:1-37; L:1-46 mg/dl), albumin (E:2-4; L:2-4 gm/dl), GT (E:30-258; L:54-512 IU) and vitamin E (Mean±SD, E:7±8; L:8±10 μg/ml). Duration of disease (x±SD) was: E 8.0±2.7, L 4.4±3.5 years. RESULTS (x±SD): Mental function and growth were significantly delayed in the E group; height deficits suggested stunted growth from severe early malnutrition. We conclude that liver disease during early brain growth has pernicious effects on ultimate intellectual function and linear growth; duration of disease prior to ESLD may also play a role. We speculate that aggressive nutritional support must begin at diagnosis in early onset liver disease to prevent delayed growth and development.
The southern oscillation and long-range forecasting of the summer monsoon rainfall over India

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall and the Darwin pressure anomalies are examined for the 81-year period 1901-81. It is found that the tendency of the Darwin pressure anomaly before the monsoon season is a good indicator of the monsoon rainfall anomaly. During the 81-year period, there were only two instances (1901, 1941) when a negative tendency of winter (December, January, February) to spring (March, April, May) Darwin pressure anomaly was followed by a monsoon rainfall anomaly of less than minus one standard deviation; and only three instances (1916, 1933, 1961) when a positive tendency was followed by a rainfall anomaly of more than one standard deviation. Therefore, if the Darwin pressure anomaly during March, April and May is below normal, and if the Darwin seasonal pressure anomaly has been falling, a non-occurrence of drought over India can be predicted with a very high degree of confidence. Similarly, above normal Darwin pressure during March, April and May, and increasing seasonal pressure anomaly is a good indicator of the non-occurrence of very heavy rain over India.
Generation of limb trajectories with a sequential network

The authors of this study focus on the representation and generation of unconstrained aiming movements of a limb by means of a neural network architecture. The goal is that of producing a time trajectory of a limb from a starting posture toward a target specified as a sensory stimulus. The velocity profile along the trajectory is bell-shaped as in most movements performed by biological systems. The generalization capabilities of the network are investigated as well as its internal organization. Two experiments are performed on the trained network to test its robustness to noise and its dynamical properties. >
The Law is an Ass: Reading E.P. Evans' The Medieval Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals

In this essay I address a little-known chapter in the lengthy history of crimes against (nonhuman) animals. My focus is not crimes committed by humans against animals, as such, but a practical outcome of the seemingly bizarre belief that animals are capable of committing crimes against humans. 2 I refer here to the medieval practice whereby animals were prosecuted and punished for their misdeeds, aspects of which readers are likely to have encountered in the work of the historian Robert Darnton (1985).
Fear-Related Behavior of Hens in Cages: Effects of Rearing Environment, Age, and Habituation

Abstract At 18 weeks, pullets reared in floor pens and cages were placed in cages designed for laying hens. Tests were conducted for escape and avoidance behavior and for duration of tonic immobility at 23 and 40 weeks of age. Rearing environment effects were not detected for either measure. Paired comparisons did not reveal effects of age or habituation on duration of induced tonic immobility.
Phosphorus and trace metal dynamics in soils amended with poultry litter and granulates

Environmental sustainability of animal agriculture is strongly dependent upon development of approaches to minimize the potential environmental impacts of applying animal manures. The excess manure and its nutrients (primarily phosphorus) in intensive animal production regions may need to be exported to other areas to comply with increased regulations on manure management. In our previous study we generated a variety of granulated products from poultry litter to achieve export of excess litter from the southwestern Ozarks, AR, USA. Our objective in the present study was to determine the effect of the application of poultry litter and granulated litter products on phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) dynamics in two Arkansas soils (Dewitt silt loam and Hector sandy loam). Poultry litter and granulated products were mixed with the surface horizon (0-15 cm) of soils at two application rates: P-based (100 kg total P per hectare) and N-based (160 kg plant-available N per hectare). Soil-litter mixtures were incubated at 25 °C for 21 days. Sub-samples were removed at 1, 7 and 21 days to determine the solubility and availability of P, As, Cu and Zn in soils. Results suggest that when litter was applied at 100 kg total P per hectare, contents of P, As, Cu and Zn were significantly greater in the soils amended with litter and granulated products than in the control (soil alone). However, the contents of P, As, Cu and Zn did not significantly differ in the soils amended with either normal litter or granulated litter products at total P or plant-available N-based application rates. This suggests that poultry litter granulation is a sound management practice that can be used to reduce concerns with fresh litter transport and potentially improve P and trace element balances in intensive poultry production regions, especially when applied on a plant-available N basis.
Interaction between synthetic polyglucose sulphate and biologically active basic polypeptides and proteins.

SYNTHETIC polysaccharides can be prepared from simple carbohydrates differing not only in molecular weight but also in degree of branching1. From such polyglucoses, various charged derivatives can be prepared, for example, a series of sulphuric acid esters with different degrees of sulphonation. The synthetic polysaccharide derivatives provide a system of ‘macro-anions’ the composition, macromolecular and polyelectrolyte properties of which can be altered systematically. Interaction of other kinds of macro-anions with certain proteins and polypeptides had been found to: alter solubility and thus make possible development of new fractionation and preparative methods2; inhibit, often reversibly, a large number of enzymes3; and show some similarity to antigen–antibody precipitation.
A global observer for autonomous systems with bounded trajectories

The problem of global observer design for autonomous systems is investigated in this paper. A constructive approach is presented for the explicit design of global observers for completely observable systems whose solution trajectories are bounded from any initial condition. Since the bound of a solution trajectory depends on the initial condition and is therefore not known a priori, the idea of universal control is employed to tune the observer gains on-line, achieving global asymptotic convergence of the proposed high-gain observer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of light exposure on phospholipid extraction from squid photoreceptors

Abstract 1. 1. Squid photoreceptors ( Loligo pealii and L. opalescens ) have been studied to determine the effect of light exposure on extraction of phospholipid. 2. 2. It was found that an additional increment (∼ one-third of the total) of phospholipid was liberated upon light exposure of dark-extracted purified rhabdomes. 3. 3. The lipid released by this extraction was qualitatively different from lipid extracted from dark-adapted rhabdomes, leading to the conclusion that phosphatidyl choline appears to be tightly bound in the squid photoreceptor system.
Carbon Nanotube−Polymer Nanocomposite Infrared Sensor

The infrared photoresponse in the electrical conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is dramatically enhanced by embedding SWNTs in an electrically and thermally insulating polymer matrix. The conductivity change in a 5 wt % SWNT-polycarbonate nanocomposite is significant (4.26%) and sharp upon infrared illumination in the air at room temperature. While the thermal effect predominates in the infrared photoresponse of a pure SWNT film, the photoeffect predominates in the infrared photoresponse of SWNT-polycarbonate nanocomposites.
Aliança estratégica ou estratégia hegemônica? Conservadorismo entre os desfavorecidos

Este artigo analisa um fenomeno em plena expansao - o crescimento de sentimentos aparentemente conservadores entre grupos desprivilegiados. Um excelente exemplo desse tipo de fatos e o apoio estrategico a politicas neoliberais e neoconservadoras por parte de um grupo ativista afro-americano chamado de Black Alliance for Educational Options (BAEO - Alianca Negra para Opcoes Educativas). No cerne do meu estudo esta uma preocupacao com tudo o que esta em jogo, para nos, caso formas direitistas de multiculturalismo consigam redefinir qual conhecimento e o conhecimento de quem tem mais valor e o que nossas politicas sociais e educacionais deveriam fazer. Afirmo que independentemente da posicao de cada um quanto a sensatez das acoes estrategicas da BAEO, este caso como um todo fornece um exemplo crucial da politica de desarticulacao e rearticulacao e da maneira como movimentos sociais e aliancas se formam e re-formam a partir das condicoes ideologicas e materiais da vida cotidiana, e das politicas de reapropriacao discursiva. Assim, uma analise desses movimentos e importante tanto em termos do equilibrio das forcas envolvidas em reformas educacionais especificas, como tambem em termos de questoes mais gerais a respeito dos processos de acao e transformacao sociais. Entender grupos como a BAEO de modo critico embora compreensivo pode nos ajudar a evitar o essencialismo e o reducionismo que invadem os trabalhos sociologicos criticos sobre o papel das lutas contra as politicas do estado. Isto pode fornecer uma visao mais matizada dos atores sociais e das possibilidades e limites de aliancas estrategicas num tempo de modernizacao conservadora.
Coping and psychosocial adaptation to Type 2 diabetes in older Blacks born in the Southern US and the Caribbean

Older Black men and women (n = 212) with Type 2 diabetes completed questionnaires. Spearman's rho correlation indicated that confrontive coping strategies supported effective psychosocial adaptation for persons originally from Haiti and Jamaica, while emotive coping strategies were related to ineffective psychosocial adaptation for persons originally from Barbados and to increased psychological distress for all participants. Women used more palliative coping; no gender differences were observed for psychosocial adaptation. Health care orientation, extended family relationships, and psychological distress domains distinguished Blacks born in Haiti from Blacks born in Barbados and Jamaica, the Southern US and Jamaica, and the Southern US, Barbados, and Jamaica. Findings from this study may aid in the development of interventions focused on improving diabetes self-management for older Blacks.
Sampling expansion for the continuous bessel transform

For arbitrary complex numbers b and a≠O,-1,-2,…, the Bessel polynomials {yn(z;a,b)}∞ n=0 are orthogonal with respect to a complex measure dρ(z) on any closed contour enclosing the origin. If f(z)eL1(T) where T is the unit circle , we can associate with it the formal series where and we call (*)the discrete Bessel transform of f (z) . In this article , we introduce hat we call the continuous Bessel transform, which is a generalization of (*) to the case where the discrete parameter n is replaced by a continuous real parameter λ Moreover, we show that , for a = 2 = b, i f f(z) i s a nicely behaved function, then one can obtain a sampling theorem for its continuous Bessel transform F(λ) in the form for some given functions Sn(λ).