cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time Will Tell: Adaptation Going Forward and Film at the Art Museum (Christian Marclay’s The Clock )

Christian Marclay’s 2011 video installation The Clock, a 24-hour film comprised of thousands of film and video clips drawn from the history of cinema and television, stretches the idea of adaptation into the realm of avant-garde art. Synching the clocks and watches featured in each clip to real time over the course of a 24-hour period, The Clock exemplifies an idea of adaptation that fully divorces the process of revisiting earlier texts from a dyadic model (origin/adaptation). Like immersive theater, The Clock assumes its viewers to be utterly part of the film, challenging not only the idea that the viewer or audience is distinct from the art itself but also the notion that film is opposed to life. Instead, viewers’ lives correspond to filmed fiction: the very moments experienced by the viewer are represented within the film, thus exemplifying the world-making Jenkins describes in his analysis of transmedial adaptations: “More and more, storytelling has become the art of world building, as artists create compelling environments that cannot be fully explored or exhausted within a single work or even a single medium” (414).
Global Intersections of English Language Hegemony and Technological Innovation in the Republic of the Philippines

Despite a rich heritage of an estimated 200 languages representing historical pride and community knowledge, multilingualism has been identified as a possible impediment to the continued educational, social, and economic growth of the Republic of the Philippines (Cenoz & Genesee, 1998; Smolicz, Nical, & Secombe, 2007; Tupas, 2014; Wa-Mbaleka, 2014). Progression in the expansion of educational opportunities has been framed as inseparable from the narrowing of the medium of instruction (MoI), identifying English as the sole language not only capable of offering a promising future to Filipino communities, but also the lone language in which the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) are taught at the nation’s universities (Tupas & Lorente, 2014).
Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Enhanced with Graphite Nanoplatelets and Carbon Nanofibers

Abstract Effects of graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) are investigated. A non-proprietary UHPC mixture composed of 0.5% steel micro fibers, 5% silica fume, and 40% fly ash was used. The content of the nanomaterials ranged from 0 to 0.3% by weight of cementitious materials. The nanomaterials were dispersed using optimized surfactant content and ultra-sonification to ensure uniform dispersion in the UHPC mixture. As the content of nanomaterials is increased from 0 to 0.3%, the tensile strength and energy absorption capacity can be increased by 56% and 187%, respectively; the flexural strength and toughness can be increased by 59% and 276%, respectively. At 0.2% of GNPs, the UHPCs exhibited “strain-hardening” in tension and in flexure.
Integrating Postoperative Feedback Into Workflow: Perceived Practices and Barriers

Objective Previous studies have found that both resident and staff surgeons highly value postoperative feedback; and that such feedback has high educational value. However, little is known about how to consistently deliver this feedback. Our aim was to understand how often surgical residents should receive feedback and what barriers are preventing this from occurring. Design Surveys were distributed to resident and attending surgeons. Questions focused on the current frequency of postoperative feedback, desired frequency and methods of feedback, and perceived barriers. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and text responses were examined using coding. Setting University-based general surgery department at a Midwestern institution. Participants General surgery residents ( n = 23) and attending surgeons ( n = 22) participated in this study. Results Residents reported receiving and staff reported giving feedback for procedure-specific performance after 25% versus 34% of cases, general technical feedback after 36% versus 32%, and nontechnical performance after 17% versus 18%. Both perceived procedure-specific and general technical feedback should be given more than 80% of the time, and nontechnical feedback should happen for nearly 60% of cases. Verbal feedback immediately after the operation was rated as best practice. Both parties identified time, conflicting responsibilities, lack of privacy, and discomfort with giving and receiving meaningful feedback as barriers. Conclusions Both resident and staff surgeons agree that postoperative feedback is given far less often than it should. Future work should study intraoperative and postoperative feedback to validate resident and attending surgeons’ perceptions such that interventions to improve and facilitate this process can be developed.
Association of Prior Falls with Adverse Outcomes After Neurosurgical Operations in the Elderly.

Background Despite the increasing number of elderly patients undergoing neurosurgical interventions, there are limited resources for preoperative assessment of frailty in this population. We investigated the association between recent history of falls and surgical outcomes for these patients. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study of all patients, 65 years and older, undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures from 2014–2015 in a tertiary referral medical center. We examined the association of sustaining a fall in the 6 months before the operation with discharge to a facility, readmissions, and complications in the first 30 days after discharge. In order to control for confounding, we used multivariable regression models and propensity score conditioning. Mixed-effects models were used to control for clustering at the surgeon level. Results During the study period, 143 elderly patients underwent a neurosurgical procedure and met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 53.1% had a history of falls preoperatively. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated an association between preoperative falls and discharge to a facility (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.47), 30-day readmissions (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.36–1.78), and 30-day complications (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23). Similar associations were present in propensity score–adjusted models and models stratified by cranial and spinal procedures. Conclusions History of at least 1 fall in the 6 months before a neurosurgical operation was associated with increased risk of discharge to a facility, readmissions, and complications in the first 30 days after discharge. History of prior falls should be taken into account during the preoperative risk assessment of neurosurgical patients.
The Response of Single Crystal and Polycrystal Nickel to Quasistatic and Shock Deformation

Abstract Stress-strain measurements and TEM observations in shock-deformed 〈100〉 and 〈111〉 nickel single and polycrystalline samples are reported. When the reload stress measurements of the shock-recovered samples are normalized by the appropriate Taylor factor, the shock-induced strain hardening is found to be similar in all materials studied. Microscopic observations and strength measurements indicate that the shock-induced hardening is similar to the hardening found in samples deformed quasistatically to strains three times those that occur in the shock wave.
CEO Dismissal and the CEO’s Symbolic Use of Shareholder-value Language

Drawing on the literature about symbolic management in corporate governance, we argue that the CEO’s use of language in public documents can affect the directors’ perception about the CEO and the b...
Do 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Represent PAH Air Toxicity

Estimation of carcinogenic potency based on analysis of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ranked by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the most popular approach within scientific and environmental air quality management communities. The majority of PAH monitoring projects have been focused on particle-bound PAHs, ignoring the contribution of gas-phase PAHs to the toxicity of PAH mixtures in air samples. In this study, we analyzed the results of 13 projects in which 88 PAHs in both gas and particle phases were collected from different sources (biomass burning, mining operation, and vehicle emissions), as well as in urban air. The aim was to investigate whether 16 particle-bound U.S. EPA priority PAHs adequately represented health risks of inhalation exposure to atmospheric PAH mixtures. PAH concentrations were converted to benzo(a)pyrene-equivalent (BaPeq) toxicity using the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach. TEFs of PAH compounds for which such data is not available were estimated using TEFs of close isomers. Total BaPeq toxicities (∑88BaPeq) of gas- and particle-phase PAHs were compared with BaPeq toxicities calculated for the 16 particle-phase EPA PAH (∑16EPABaPeq). The results showed that 16 EPA particle-bound PAHs underrepresented the carcinogenic potency on average by 85.6% relative to the total (gas and particle) BaPeq toxicity of 88 PAHs. Gas-phase PAHs, like methylnaphthalenes, may contribute up to 30% of ∑88BaPeq. Accounting for other individual non-EPA PAHs (i.e., benzo(e)pyrene) and gas-phase PAHs (i.e., naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene) will make the risk assessment of PAH-containing air samples significantly more accurate.
Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Enhances NMDA Receptor-Mediated Currents in Hippocampal Neurons: Reversal by Gabapentin

Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure compromises neural function into adulthood. We have reported that astrocyte-secreted thrombospondins, and their target neuronal receptors (α2δ−1) are upregulated in the hippocampus in adulthood after AIE, suggesting aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis and hyperexcitability in memory-related circuits. Gabapentin antagonizes the interaction of thrombospondins (TSPs) with the α2δ−1 receptor, and thus may reverse or ameliorate the effects of AIE on hippocampal function. Adolescent rats were exposed to AIE or vehicle. In adulthood, hippocampal slices were prepared. Half of the slices from each animal were pre-incubated in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) while half were pre-incubated in aCSF containing gabapentin. Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings were then made from CA1 pyramidal cells in normal aCSF. Evoked, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated currents were recorded at baseline, and after application of the GluN2B antagonist, RO25–6981. Current amplitudes were higher in neurons from AIE-exposed animals. However, no amplitude increase was observed in neurons from slices that had been pre-incubation in gabapentin. GluN2B antagonism reduced NMDA receptor-mediated currents more efficaciously in cells from AIE-exposed animals, an effect that was also reversed by pre-incubation in gabapentin. These findings identify a mechanism underlying the enduring effects of AIE, and a clinically-utilized agent that may ameliorate those effects.
Long-term negative fund alpha: Is it caused by bad skill or bad luck?

This paper examines the sources of long-term negative fund alpha. We compare the actual loser funds with a control group of bootstrapped loser funds. We find that the returns of the two fund groups are co-integrated, and that they are similar in market risk exposure, alpha consistency, portfolio holdings, and GARCH volatility. The test results show that long-term negative fund alpha occurs due to bad luck rather than to bad skill.
Understanding the Mechanism: Mediation Analysis in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies

In comparative clinical studies, a common goal is to assess whether an exposure, or intervention, affects the outcome of interest. However, just as important is to understand the mechanism(s) for how the intervention affects outcome. For example, if preoperative anemia was shown to increase the risk
The stability of the β Cephei stars

We have presented a short summary of the observed properties of the B Cephei stars and discussed recent analytical work dealing with them. In spite of the intensive efforts by a number of independent groups, the origin and cause of the β Cephei phenomenon remain unknown.
Hybrid Palliation as a Bridge to Biventricular Repair in Critical Aortic Stenosis With Coarctation.

Optimal management—balloon dilation versus surgical valvotomy—of neonatal critical aortic stenosis remains controversial. We describe a term neonate with critical aortic stenosis and coarctation, and severe left ventricular dysfunction with endocardial fibroelastosis who underwent palliation with surgical valvotomy and hybrid as a bridge to early biventricular repair. Initial repair consisted of commissurotomy to create bicuspid morphology with placement of bilateral pulmonary artery bands and maintenance of ductal patency with prostaglandin. Left ventricular function improved over the course of 2 weeks, allowing for repeat surgical valvotomy and coarctation repair. The patient was discharged 2 weeks postoperatively with low normal left ventricular function and mild aortic stenosis and regurgitation.
A novel mechanism of synaptic and cognitive impairments mediated via microRNA-30b in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Background It is widely accepted that cognitive and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily result from synaptic failure. However, the mechanisms that underlie synaptic and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. Methods We utilized molecular biology techniques, electrophysiological recordings, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immuno- and Golgi-staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP); lentivirus (LV)-based microRNA overexpression and ‘sponging’, and behavioral tests to assess upregulated miR-30b causing synaptic and cognitive declines in APP transgenic (TG) mice. Findings We provide evidence that expression of miR-30b, which targets molecules important for maintaining synaptic integrity, including ephrin type-B receptor 2 (ephB2), sirtuin1 (sirt1), and glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 (GluA2), is robustly upregulated in the brains of both AD patients and APP transgenic (TG) mice, an animal model of AD, while expression of its targets is significantly downregulated. Overexpression of miR-30b in the hippocampus of normal wild-type (WT) mice impairs synaptic and cognitive functions, mimicking those seen in TG mice. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous miR-30b in TG mice prevents synaptic and cognitive decline. We further observed that expression of miR-30b is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and Aβ42 through NF-κB signaling. Interpretation Our results provide a previously undefined mechanism by which unregulated miR-30b causes synaptic and cognitive dysfunction in AD, suggesting that reversal of dysregulated miR-30b in the brain may prevent or slow cognitive declines in AD. Fund This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01NS076815, R01MH113535, R01AG058621, P30GM103340 Pilot Project, and by the LSUHSC School of Medicine Research Enhancement Program grant (to C.C.).
"I don't get no respect": the role of chloride in acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health problem that complicates 10–40% of hospital admissions. Importantly, AKI is independently associated with increased risk of progression to chronic...
Somebody Tell Me

This poem is a reflection on the risk of developing heart disease or cancer, and of the toll of cancer therapy on the heart, written as an inspiration to those working in the fields of oncology and cardiology and those affected by cancer, heart disease, or both.
FastWave: Accelerating Autoregressive Convolutional Neural Networks on FPGA

Autoregressive convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely exploited for sequence generation tasks such as audio synthesis, language modeling and neural machine translation. WaveNet is a deep autoregressive CNN composed of several stacked layers of dilated convolution that is used for sequence generation. While WaveNet produces state-of-the art audio generation results, the naive inference implementation is quite slow; it takes a few minutes to generate just one second of audio on a high-end GPU. In this work, we develop the first accelerator platform FastWave for autoregressive convolutional neural networks, and address the associated design challenges. We design the Fast-Wavenet inference model in Vivado HLS and perform a wide range of optimizations including fixed-point implementation, array partitioning and pipelining. Our model uses a fully parameterized parallel architecture for fast matrix-vector multiplication that enables per-layer customized latency fine-tuning for further throughput improvement. Our experiments comparatively assess the tradeoff between throughput and resource utilization for various optimizations. Our best WaveNet design on the Xilinx XCVU13P FPGA that uses only on-chip memory, achieves 66× faster generation speed compared to CPU implementation and 11× faster generation speed than GPU implementation.
Clinical, Demographic, and Biochemical Characteristics of Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Analysis of Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry Data of a Single Medical Center from 2005 to 2016.

Background ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Therefore, understanding the prevalence and trends of major risk factors may facilitate primary and secondary prevention of STEMI. Methods In the present study, 2446 consecutive patients with STEMI admitted to Far Eastern Memorial Hospital from 2005 to 2016 were enrolled. A comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, distribution, and trends over time of major risk factors as well as Framingham risk scores of all patients was performed. Results The most prevalent risk factors were male sex, hypertension (HTN), smoking, age, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, 95%-97% of the patients had at least one modifiable risk factor, and < 1% of the patients did not have any identifiable risk factors. The prevalence trends of smoking, HTN, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome increased significantly from 2005 to 2016. Seasonal variation analysis revealed a 15% increase in STEMI cases between January and March compared with those between April and December. Isolated low high- density lipoprotein-cholesterol syndrome was the second most common type of dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 16.6%. Moreover, only 56.8% of the male and 32% of the female patients were in the Framingham high-risk group. Conclusions A high prevalence rate and an increasing trend of modifiable risk factors resulted in a high number of STEMI cases at our hospital. Controlling modifiable risk factors and improving nontraditional risk factor detection could facilitate primary and secondary preventions for STEMI.
Managing Emerging Infectious Diseases: Should Travel Be the Fifth Vital Sign?

In the setting of emerging infections, such as COVID-19, this commentary argues that all members of the health care team need training on how to integrate key epidemiologic information, such as tra...
Are Markets Perfectly Competitive in the Long Run? Market Power, Factor Utilization and Adjustment Costs in US Manufacturing

Some firms outperform others. This paper presents a methodology that uses publicly available data to assess short-run and long-run drivers of corporate performance. Using tools developed in macroeconomics, this paper first asks: Do the conventional assumptions of perfect competition and constant returns to scale hold in the long run? Measuring the markup of price over marginal cost, we find evidence of persistent markups in an extensive panel of US publicly traded manufacturing firms over a thirty-year period (1965-1995). While the estimated markup varies considerably across industries, in a majority of industries in our sample, the estimated markup is positive. We then divide the sample into durable and non-durable goods sectors. On average, industries in the durable goods sector exhibit a modest markup of 3%. In contrast, we find evidence of substantial market power/increasing returns among industries in the non-durable goods sector, where we find an average markup of 11%. Second, this paper measures short-run changes in allocative efficiency, which can create quasi-rents arising from short-run rigidities in factor markets. We explicitly consider cyclical factor utilization and adjustment costs which may dampen (or boost) a firm's performance. We find that these cyclical factors are real and play an important role in explaining performance differences among firms.
PREVALENCE, CAUSES, AND PREDICTORS OF 30-DAY READMISSIONS FOLLOWING LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION: ANALYSIS FROM 2016 NATIONAL READMISSION DATABASE

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as an important stroke prevention therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) patient in recent years. Despite increasing attentions to the long-term efficacy, little data is available about its 30-day readmission. Index admissions and 30-day readmissions
Predicting Optimal Hypertension Treatment Pathways Using Recurrent Neural Networks.

Abstract Background In ambulatory care settings, physicians largely rely on clinical guidelines and guideline-based clinical decision support (CDS) systems to make decisions on hypertension treatment. However, current clinical evidence, which is the knowledge base of clinical guidelines, is insufficient to support definitive optimal treatment. Objective The goal of this study is to test the feasibility of using deep learning predictive models to identify optimal hypertension treatment pathways for individual patients, based on empirical data available from an electronic health record database. Materials and Methods This study used data on 245,499 unique patients who were initially diagnosed with essential hypertension and received anti-hypertensive treatment from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010 in ambulatory care settings. We used recurrent neural networks (RNN), including long short-term memory (LSTM) and bi-directional LSTM, to create risk-adapted models to predict the probability of reaching the BP control targets associated with different BP treatment regimens. The ratios for the training set, the validation set, and the test set were 6:2:2. The samples for each set were independently randomly drawn from individual years with corresponding proportions. Results The LSTM models achieved high accuracy when predicting individual probability of reaching BP goals on different treatments: for systolic BP ( Conclusions The results demonstrated the potential of using predictive models to select optimal hypertension treatment pathways. Along with clinical guidelines and guideline-based CDS systems, the LSTM models could be used as a powerful decision-support tool to form risk-adapted, personalized strategies for hypertension treatment plans, especially for difficult-to-treat patients.
Carcass and Meat Traits of Myotonic and Savannah Kid Goats

ObjectivesMyotonic goats, also known as “fainting” goats, exhibit signs of inherited Myotonia congenita. Myotonia is characterized by muscle fiber membrane hyperexcitability due to a mutation in the gene that controls voltage dependent ion channel functions. This condition results in muscle tension and a fainting reflex and so could have an effect on the carcasses and meat quality. The objective of this research was to compare carcass and goat meat properties of Myotonic goats and non-myotonic goats.Materials and MethodsTwenty-three goats (9 Myotonic and 14 Savannah) between 8 and 9 mo. of age were slaughtered using Halal methods. After chilling for 24 h at 2.5°C, carcasses were evaluated, fabricated and their right Semimembranosus was removed, weighed and vacuum packaged. The Semimembranosus muscles were stored at 3.3°C for 3 d before weighing and oven cooking to 75°C. Excess juices were drained after cooking and the muscles were chilled to 7°C before taking three core samples (1.25 cm) for Warner-Bratzler shear force. The data was analyzed using SAS 9.4. The means were separated using an ANOVA with a Tukey test and significance was determined at P < 0.05.ResultsMyotonic kid goats were smaller (P < 0.05), with average live weight (overnight shrink) of 19.76 kg and average hot carcass weight (HCW) of 9.58 kg compared to Savannah average live weight of 34.47 kg and HCW of 17.64 kg. The average dressing percentages for the Myotonic goats of 48.3 and for the Savannah goats of 50.8 were not different (P = 0.09). Carcass conformation scores of 237 for Myotonic carcasses and 208 for Savannah carcasses were not different (P = 0.45), but fat scores of 2.2 and kph of 4.2% in Savannah carcasses were higher (P = 0.00 and P = 0.01, respectively) than in Myotonic carcasses (0.89 and 2.5%). Boneless lean yields of the four major cuts (shoulder, arm, back, leg) were not different (P = 0.47) for Savannah (20.3%) than Myotonic (21.3%) goats. Semimembranosus weights before and after cooking and cooking yields were lower (P = 0.00) with Myotonic goats (0.23 kg, 0.14 kg, 60.3%) than Savannah goats (0.38 kg, 0.25 kg, 66.1%). There were no differences (P = 0.18) in core sample shear forces between Semimembranosus core samples from Myotonic (7.73g) and Savannah (6.87g) kid goats.ConclusionThese results indicated that there were no advantages in productivity, yield, or meat quality traits of Myotonic kid goats over Savannah kid goats.
Using the Woodcock-Johnson IV tests of cognitive abilities to detect feigned ADHD.

Research has suggested that many young adults can successfully feign ADHD, reporting clinically significant symptom levels and displaying deficits on cognitive tasks when asked to do so. Standalone performance validity tests (PVTs) have shown some success in identifying feigned ADHD, but these tests are rarely used in typical ADHD evaluation batteries. The present study attempted to develop embedded PVT indices from the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ-IV). College students (N = 150) completed a battery including tasks from the WJ-IV, as well as an established standalone PVT and a rating scale measuring ADHD and related symptoms. Thirty of the students had been professionally diagnosed with ADHD; of the remaining 120 students, half were asked to perform honestly and to the best of their ability on the battery, whereas the other half were asked to try to simulate ADHD. Several processing speed and working memory scores from the WJ-IV effectively identified students feigning ADHD, detecting at least 50% of those students at score cutoffs that also maintained specificity of 90% or more, close to the efficiency of the standalone PVT. In addition, students with ADHD diagnoses generally did not show deficits on the WJ-IV. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
An epidemiological survey of the prevalence of 2 594 cases with viral hepatitis B infection in different populations

Objective To find out the present situation of hepatitis B infection or immunity in Tianjin city,and to provide the scientific basis for the hepatitis B control and prevention.Methods 2 594 samples were selected with the methods of different proportionate stratified and cluster sampling,and the hepatitis B infection markers were detected by ELISA.Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc and HBV were 2.62％,46.72％,10.60％ and 51.54％.Conclusion Compared with the results in 1992,the positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBc and HBV were decreased significantly,while the positive rate of anti-HBs increased significandy,which ascribed to the comprehensive measure with the vaccination against hepatitis B as a main strategy for control hepatitis B. Key words: Hepatitis virus, type B ; Infection; Epidemiology
Drastic Tuning of the Electronic Structures of Diruthenium Aryl Complexes by Isoelectronic Axial Ligands.

Reported herein is the use of aryls as axial ligands to manipulate reactivity at the distal metal site through metal–metal–ligand interactions in diruthenium paddlewheel complexes. The vacant ruthenium site in Ru2(ap)4(Ar) (1; ap = 2-anilinopyridinate and Ar = C6H4-4-NMe2), thus rendered reactive, is able to bind a series of isoelectronic ligands to afford three complexes of the form (Y)­[Ru2(ap)4]­(Ar) [Y = CN– (2), HCC– (3), CO (4)], each of which exhibits a distinct electronic structure. While reactions with anionic ligands subsequently result in oxidation of the diruthenium core from Ru2(II,III) to Ru2(III,III), the reaction with CO yields a rare example of a Ru2(II,III)-COaxial adduct. The latter reaction is particularly interesting in its completely reversible change of the ground state from S = 3/2 in 1 to S = 1/2 in 4, the first of its kind seen in Ru2(II,III) species. In general, this work sheds light on the modulation of the electronic structure of diruthenium paddlewheel complexes using distinct coordination environments around each of the ruthenium centers.
Rapid Infarct Progression in Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke Patients During Inter-Facility Transfer.

Abstract Introduction We aimed to identify factors associated with rapid infarct progression during inter-facility transfer for endovascular thrombectomy evaluation and its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods Patients with anterior circulation large artery occlusion within 24 h of onset transferred within our 17 hospital tele-stroke network were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into fast progressors and slow progressors. Fast progressors were defined as CT ASPECTS score of ≥6 at the referring hospital (RH) and Results Among the 190 patients, 44 (23%) patients underwent rapid infarct progression. Higher stroke severity at presentation [aOR, 1.096, 95% CI,1.023, 1.174; p = 0.009], presence of early ischemic changes (CT ASPECT 6-9) at the RH [aOR, 2.721, 95% CI, 1.22, 6.071; p = 0.014] were positively associated, whereas prior ischemic stroke [aOR, 0.272, 95% CI, 0.078, 0.948; p = 0.04] and higher collateral score (2,3,4) [aOR, 0.138, 95%CI, 0.059, 0.324, p= Conclusion Higher stroke severity, presence of early ischemic changes at the referring facility, absence of prior stroke, and poor collateral scores (CS 0-1) are the factors associated with rapid infarct progression in the telemedicine transfer cohort. Increasing age, higher stroke severity, higher absolute decrease in CT ASPECTS and ICA occlusion determine poor clinical outcomes.
The Effects of Disclosing Critical Audit Matters and Auditor Tenure on Nonprofessional Investors’ Judgments

Abstract In an effort to provide more meaningful information to financial statement users, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) recently adopted sweeping changes to the audit report, requiring the audit firm to disclose whether or not it identified a critical audit matter (CAM) and its tenure with the client. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to explore how nonprofessional investors’ judgments are influenced by (1) the relative effects of a CAM disclosure versus a disclosure that the auditor did not identify a CAM, and (2) the disclosure of the audit firm’s tenure. We find that, relative to disclosing that no CAMs were identified, disclosing a CAM reduces investment intentions. We do not find a significant effect of tenure disclosure on investment intentions, despite evidence that participants attended to and understood the tenure manipulation. Concerning investors’ cognitive processes, we find that perceptions of both risk of material misstatement and management disclosure credibility mediate the effect of CAM disclosure on investment intentions, while perceived audit quality suppresses this effect. Our contributions include furthering the understanding of cognitive mechanisms through which CAM disclosure influences investment intentions, identifying a relatively unique setting in which perceptions of management disclosure credibility and audit quality move in opposite directions, and providing evidence that auditor tenure disclosure does not appear to affect investment intentions. Our findings should be of interest to regulators, auditors, issuers, and investors.
Advancing models of neural development with biomaterials.

Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but they remain limited in their capacity to model certain features of human neural development. Specifically, current models do not efficiently incorporate extracellular matrix-derived biochemical and biophysical cues, facilitate multicellular spatio-temporal patterning, or achieve advanced functional maturation. Engineered biomaterials have the capacity to create increasingly biomimetic neural microenvironments, yet further refinement is needed before these approaches are widely implemented. This Review therefore highlights how continued progression and increased integration of engineered biomaterials may be well poised to address intractable challenges in recapitulating human neural development. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived in vitro models have potential as tools to study aspects of human brain development. Here, Heilshorn and colleagues review biomaterial-based approaches that may be integrated into these models in an effort to develop them further and better recapitulate neurodevelopmental processes.
Control of the Hedgehog pathway by compartmentalized PKA in the primary cilium.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is one of the essential signaling pathways during embryogenesis and in adults. Hh signal transduction relies on primary cilium, a specialized cell surface organelle viewed as the hub of cell signaling. Protein kinase A (PKA) has been recognized as a potent negative regulator of the Hh pathway, raising the question of how such a ubiquitous kinase specifically regulates one signaling pathway. We reviewed recent genetic, molecular and biochemical studies that have advanced our mechanistic understanding of PKA’s role in Hh signaling in vertebrates, focusing on the compartmentalized PKA at the centrosome and in the primary cilium. We outlined the recently developed genetic and optical tools that can be harvested to study PKA activities during the course of Hh signal transduction.
Pediatric vs. Adult Surgical Conditions: Disparity in Online Health Information

Background: Online health information (OHI) is a significant source of information for surgical patients and their caregivers. Although much is known about the quality of OHI for adult surgical conditions, fewer analyses have been conducted on OHI for pediatric surgical conditions. The degree of difference in availability of high quality OHI for pediatric compared to adult surgical conditions remains undefined. Methods: Fifteen pediatric and 15 adult surgical conditions, as well as lay terms for the same conditions, were searched using the Google search engine. The Health on the Net (HON) Foundation …
Closed End Fund Performance on a Daily Basis: The Discovery of a New Anomaly

Herein we explore the relationships between the NAVs and market prices of closed end funds. We find the types of relationships that we expected. The market does react to the newly released NAV in the expected direction and the market does anticipate the changes in the NAV as expected. By far the most interesting relationship that we have uncovered, however, is the serendipitous find that the overnight and intraday returns of closed end funds are negatively auto correlated. This result is found for both the overall sample and all of the different sub samples that we tested. Our results are found in both univariate and multivariate tests. We believe the tendency for prices to move in opposite directions overnight and intraday is due to how the specialists choose to open their assigned stocks. This negative autocorrelation between intraday and overnight returns appears to us to be another example of an anomaly. This set of findings raises several questions. First, are the specialists properly carrying out their assigned task of stabilizing the prices of their securities on the opening? Or are they exploiting their monopolistic position to the disadvantage of those public investors who enter market orders overnight? And are the NYSE specialists particularly inclined to exploit their positions? Second, does this negative autocorrelation occur in the markets for other types of securities? Or is it just an artifact of how closed end funds are traded? Third, is the relationship exploitable? That is, could one utilize the tendency of closed end fund shares to move over the day in the opposite direction from its prior overnight move, to devise a profitable trading rule? Or does the next trade after the opening remove the profit potential? We look forward to seeking further answers.
Measurements of Very Large Deformations In Potash Salt In Conjunction With an Ongoing Mining Operation

Room and pillar deformation were measured in conjunction with a relatively new type of mining operation in a southeastern New Mexico potash mine. The extraction ratio was approximately 90 percent in a first mining operation. Due to severe deformations encountered, instrumentation had to be developed/modified for these measurements. This paper concentrates on experiment design, design of special instrumentation, field installation of equipment, and presentation of the data. Measurements made include extensometers in the pillar, in the floor and ceiling in the room between pillars, absolute level measurements, floor ceiling closure, and stress (strain) measurements. Associated laboratory rock mechanics measurements of samples from the mine are being done separately. Two separate room pillar complexes were instrumented. In the first complex, floor-ceiling deformations of approximately 1 inch/day and pillar deformations around 1/2 inch/day were measured. In the second complex, instrumentation was installed while the pillar was a part of a long wall and the subsequent sequential mining (long wall-pillar with only one adjoining room on one side - pillar in the middle of room pillar complex) was observed. Data return from this operation was good.
Impartiality Deficit and International Criminal Judging

Revival in the 1990s of the international criminal justice project that had been launched decades earlier at Nuremberg and Tokyo has had consequences. As is often noted, many results have been salutary; among them, increased accountability for wrongdoing and a modicum of redress for victims. There has been, however, another, less salutary effect: tribunals' construction and operation sometimes bore the marks of compulsion to convict and inattention to the rights of the accused. This article focuses on how that tendency - called here "impartiality deficit" - has affected international judging. After addressing the phenomenon at the global level, it looks more specifically at evidence of such a deficit in the operations of one hybrid tribunal, the Special Court for Sierra Leone.
Making a Place for Technology in Teacher Education with Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

In North Carolina in the Spring 2000 semester, an experimental 'Geographic Information System (GIS) in Education' course for pre and inservice teachers was introduced at North Carolina State University (NCSU). Participants mastered a complex technology and overcame barriers as they collaborated with university faculty to coconstruct the course through reflective discussions and e-mail. Mostly social studies educators, the students chose final projects that applied GIS to analyze social problems spanning scales of local community history to international migration patterns.
EMITTANCE PRESERVATION IN LINEAR COLLIDERS

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University, Stanford, California 94905 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction : . 2 The Equations of Motion . 3 Chromatic Effects . 5 3.1 The Chromatic Effect of a Coherent Betatron Oscillation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 The Chromatic Effect of a Corrected Trajectory 7 . The Transverse Wakefield and Beam Break-up -4.1 The Transverse Wake 9 9 4.2 Transverse Beam Break-up and ‘ Landau Damping’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pulse to Pulse Changes: Jitter 5.1 Injection Jitter 5.2 Quadrupole Alignment Jitter 5.3 Jitter of Transverse Kicks in Acceleration Sections Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Numerical Example 7.1 Landau Damping 7.2 Chromatic Effects 7.3 Injection Jitter 7.4 Quadrupole Alignment Jitter 7.5 Jitter of Transverse Kicks in Acceleration Sections 7.6 Coupling
Oxygen Vacancies and Catalysis on Ceria Surfaces

Oxygen vacancies on cerium oxide surfaces play a crucial role in catalysts for automotive exhaust treatment and the hydrogen economy. In their Perspective, Campbell and Peden describe new work ( Esch et al. ) that uses scanning tunneling microscopy combined with density functional theory to reveal the geometric and electronic structure of these oxygen vacancies. Their structure suggests a mechanism for the rather surprising zirconia promotion of ceria catalysts.
The People or the Court: Who Reigns Supreme, How, and Why?

This Paper considers the normative and descriptive claims, proposed frameworks, and fundamental flaws in Barry Friedman’s "The Will of the People" and Larry Kramer’s "The People Themselves". Both authors endorse The People, rather than the Supreme Court, as the ultimate arbiters of constitutional meaning. Their historical narratives, however, could hardly clash more sharply: Friedman argues that The People seized their current authority to direct the Court, whereas Kramer argues that The People abdicated that authority after initially reigning supreme. In short, where Kramer sees a sharp decline in The People’s influence, Friedman sees a steady increase. To Kramer, today’s Court determines constitutional meaning. To Friedman, The People still reign supreme. Descriptive conflicts aside, Friedman and Kramer both fail to adequately construct a workable framework to facilitate their popular constitutionalism. Specifically, neither sufficiently defines who constitutes The People nor what, if anything, constrains the substance of popular will. Even a Court dedicated to their normative ideal would have little clue how to proceed. Finally, both suffer fundamental flaws. Kramer lacks the very faith he promotes. He grounds his normative ideal in The People’s trustworthiness. He urges The People to have enough faith in themselves to reclaim constitutional authority. Yet, he refuses to trust the decision The People already made — the decision to delegate some constitutional authority to the Court. Where Kramer lacks faith, Friedman lacks uncommon insight and persuasive evidence. His claim that the Court generally serves majoritarian ends is not new and should not surprise us. After all, justices only ascend to the Court by surviving a fundamentally majoritarian process. He then claims, but fails to persuasively demonstrate, that The People established and enforce the Court’s majoritarianism by threatening discipline and violent upheaval.
Etude des désintégrations radiatives Z$^0 \rightarrow \mu\mu\gamma$ et recherches du boson de Higgs dans le canal H$\rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ dans l'expérience CMS au LHC (CERN)

Le Large Hadron Collider (LHC) au CERN (Organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire) fonctionne depuis 2009 a la frontiere franco-suisse. Cet accelerateur de particules a produit des quantites importantes de collisions proton-proton, a des energies dans le centre de masse de 7 TeV (2010 et 2011), et 8 TeV (depuis avril 2012). L'un des buts de l'experience Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), qui enregistre et analyse ces collisions, est la recherche de bosons de Higgs. Dans le cadre du Modele Standard, cette particule serait le quantum du champ de Higgs, qui permet d'expliquer le mecanisme de brisure de symetrie electrofaible. Un canal parmi les plus sensibles pour la recherche d'un boson de Higgs leger (c'est-a-dire pour des masses du boson de Higgs entre 90GeV/c2 et 150GeV/c2) au LHC est la desintegration en deux photons. En effet, la production de deux photons isoles de haute energie dans l'etat final constitue un signal clair en milieu hadronique, malgre le faible rapport d'embranchement. De plus, a ces masses, la largeur du pic en masse invariante reconstruite est dominee par la resolution du detecteur. Une comprehension fine de l'objet photon, tel que reconstruit par l'experience, est donc un pre requis obligatoire. La premiere partie de mes travaux de these porte sur l'etude des desintegrations radiatives Z$^0 \rightarrow \mu\mu\gamma$ ces desintegrations sont la seule source de photons certifies de haute purete du Modele Standard, pour laquelle l'impulsion transverse des photons est relativement proche de celle prevue pour des photons issus d'un boson de Higgs. L'etude de ces desintegrations a permis la determination de l'echelle d'energie differentielle des photons dans les donnees a 7 TeV. Elles ont egalement ete utilisees dans les donnees a 8 TeV comme outil de validation des variables de forme de cluster pour les photons dans la simulation, ainsi que pour determiner l'efficacite des criteres de rejection des electrons. La deuxieme partie de mes travaux de these traite de la recherche d'un boson de Higgs se desintegrant en deux photons. Cette recherche est effectuee en plusieurs classes d'evenements pour ameliorer la sensibilite, et l'etude de cette procedure de separation en classes est presentee. Enfin, une analyse de faisabilite de recherche d'un boson de Higgs se desintegrant en deux photons, produit lors de la desintegration d'un quark vecteur lourd a 14 TeV a ete effectuee.
Wound infections following posterior spinal instrumentation for paralytic scoliosis

Objectives To investigate in a prospective study the infection rate, the bacteriology and the outcome of wound infections following posterior spinal instrumentation in children and young adolescents during 1993-96. Methods Fifty patients, who underwent spinal instrumentation because of paralytic scoliotic deformity, were followed by the surgeon, the clinical microbiologist and the infection control nurse. In those patients with clinical and laboratory findings suggesting wound infection, multiple swabs and tissue biopsies were obtained from deep within the infected wound and were cultured on appropriate media. Microorganisms were identified by conventional methods. Results Ten of 50 patients (20%) developed early deep wound infections, most of them polymicrobial, 3-9 days after the operation. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (70.0%), Enterobacteriaceae (17.3%), anaerobes (5.4%) and Staphylo-coccus aureus (3.7%) were isolated from the wound specimens. S. epidermidis strains were the predominant isolates. All coagulase-negative staphylococci were multiresistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fusidic acid and co-trimoxazole, while most of them were susceptible to rifampicin and quinolones. All wounds healed uneventfully with aggressive debridement and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Conclusions Postoperative wound infection is a significant complication of spinal instrumentation. Multiresistant coagulase-negative staphylococci are the predominant pathogens. Successful treatment includes wound debridement and prolonged antimicrobial therapy.