cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smart Prosthetic Hand with Object Slippage Detection, Measurement, and Control

The human hand along with its fingers possess one of the highest numbers of nerve endings in the human body. It thus has the capacity for the richest tactile feedback for positioning capabilities. This article shares a new technique of controlling slippage. The sensing system used for the detection of slippage is a modified force sensing resistor FSR®. The control system is a fuzzy logic control algorithm with multiple rules that is designed to be processed on a mobile handheld computing platform and integrated/working alongside a traditional Electromyography EMG or Electroencephalography EEG based control system used for determining position of the fingers. A 5 Degrees of Freedom DOF hand, was used to test the slippage control strategy in real time. First a reference EMG signal was used for getting the 5 DOF hand to grasp an object, using position control. Then a slip was introduced to see the slippage control strategy at work. The results based on the plain tactile sensory feedback and the modified sensory feedback are discussed.
The Moral Vigilante and Her Cousins in the Shadows

By definition, vigilantes cannot be legally justified – if they satisfied a justification defense, for example, they would not be law-breakers – but they may well be morally justified, if their aim is to provide the order and justice that the criminal justice system has failed to provide in a breach of the social contract. Yet, even moral vigilantism is detrimental to society and ought to be avoided, ideally not by prosecuting moral vigilantism but by avoiding the creation of situations that would call for it. Unfortunately, the U.S. criminal justice system has adopted a wide range of criminal law rules and procedures that regularly and intentionally produce gross failures of justice.These doctrines of disillusionment may provoke vigilante acts, but not in numbers that make it a serious practical problem. More damaging is their tendency to provoke what might be called "shadow vigilantism," in which ordinary people manipulate and subvert the criminal justice system to compel it to impose the justice that they see it as reluctant to impose. Unfortunately, shadow vigilantism can be widespread and impossible to effectively prosecute, leaving the system's justness seriously distorted. This, in turn, can provoke a damaging anti-system response, as in the Stop Snitching movement, that further degrades the system's reputation for doing justice, producing a downward spiral of lost credibility and deference. We would all be better off – citizens and offenders alike – if this dirty war had never started.What is needed is a re-examination of all of the doctrines of disillusionment, with an eye toward reformulating them to promote the interests they protect in ways that avoid gross failures of justice.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Versus Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Second Remission: A Single-Institution Study

PURPOSE: A retrospective analysis of the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second remission (CR2) was undertaken at our institution to compare the outcome and prognostic factors of patients treated with chemotherapy or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-five children who suffered a medullary relapse and achieved a second remission were treated with either an unmodified allogeneic HLA-matched sibling BMT after hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI) and cyclophosphamide (n = 38) or chemotherapy according to institutional chemotherapy protocols (n = 37). To avoid the bias of survival from the attainment of second remission in favor of BMT, the final comparative statistical analysis used the landmark approach and comprised 37 and 29 patients from the BMT and chemotherapy groups, respectively RESULTS: The disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 62% and 26% at 5 years, respectively, for the BMT and the chemotherapy groups (P = .03), with r...
Bone and the Immune System

There are several lines of evidence which provide support for an important relationship between immune cells and bone. Clinical studies of immunodeficiency syndromes have shown that abnormalities in bone shape are evident on x-rays, and peculiarities in the structure of the growth plate have been identified by histopathology. Studies of bone histology, and quantitation of cellular abnormalities, are scarce. Abnormalities in bone turnover, have, however, been identified in the nude mouse model. Many lines of evidence derived from in vitro bone studies have shown that lymphokines and monokines can influence bone formation and bone resorption. Some clinical studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis have indicated the possible presence of immune cell changes in this condition. Although several hypotheses have been formed regarding the exact mechanisms of the effect of immune cytokine on bone, this is clearly a very large area of study and there is a need for additional carefully controlled experiments with special emphasis on bone cells and bone matrix, especially in the human. As knowledge progresses regarding immunology and hematology, a clearer understanding of the lineages of the osteoblast and osteoclast will emerge and we will better understand how specialized bone cells interact with and react to their immune cell neighbors in the bone marrow and to immune system signals. These findings will have especially important implications for the local bone loss seen in rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal disease, and chronic osteomyelitis.
Participation in a Community Program to Prevent Hydatid Disease

Dog owners and sheep ranchers in an endemic area of hydatid disease in Utah were surveyed regarding their knowledge, attitudes and preventive health actions relating to this disease. The effectiveness of a comprehensive education-control program was also evaluated. During an 8-year period the level of awareness of the mode of transmission of the disease increased from 28% to 83%. The proportion of infected dogs decreased from 27% to 12% during the first 5 years of the control program, but increased to 18% in recent years. The preventive health actions most strongly implemented by the population at risk included properly disposing of dead sheep and refraining from feeding infected sheep viscera to dogs. It appears that sheep ranchers take stronger preventive initiative than do dog owners who own no sheep.
T cell stimulation in the absence of exogenous antigen: a T cell signal is induced by both MHC-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Mature T cells residing in peripheral lymphoid organs have frequent contact with antigen presenting cells (APC). Such contact may be required for T cell survival, but the degree to which signals in mature T cells are induced by TCR recognition of self peptide/MHC complexes is unclear. We have used induction of the early growth response gene 1 (Egr1) as an indicator of signal transduction in 3.L2 (I-Ek-restricted) T cells interacting with APC in the absence of exogenous antigen. The data show that Egr1 can be induced in 3.L2 T cells by TCR recognition of self peptides presented by I-Ek. However, a more transient induction of Egr1 can be induced in 3.L2 T cells interacting with dendritic cells derived from class II/beta2m double-deficient mice. Egr1 induction after T cell-APC contact was also observed in a freshly isolated polyclonal CD4 T cell population. The data suggest that self peptide/MHC recognition by the TCR induces a signal in T cells and that dendritic cells can also induce a more transient T cell signal by an MHC-independent mechanism.
A re-usable verification framework of Open Core Protocol (OCP)

Open Core Protocol (OCP) establishes itself as the only non-proprietary, openly licensed, core-centric protocol that is used to support “plug-and-play” SOC (System-On-Chip) design practices. Designer can reuse OCP-compliance IP cores based on system integration and verification approach in multiple designs without reworking, reducing the development time and cutting down overall design costs. This paper addresses the development of a reusable verification framework of OCP. Assertion-based verification was chosen in order to enforce the flow. An OCP System Verilog monitor which was developed in house is used to verify the OCP SystemC TL1 (Cycle-accurate Level) design. The monitor can also be reused for OCP designs described at different abstraction level and thus dramatically reduce the time needed for OCP functional verification. With proper configuration of this monitor along with our System Verilog Assertion suite, we have found a potential bug in the OCP TL1 implementation which awaits confirmation of the OCP-IP group.
Cooperative two-photon-induced chemical bond formation during a Kr + F2 collision to form KrF

Abstract The reactive Kr+F2− potential energy surface is probed by two-photon, laser-induced chemical bond formation during a Kr+F2 collision. This is compared with the pulsed laser excitation (two-photon) of Kr(2p9) followed by collision with F2 leading to the formation of KrF(B, C). In addition to reporting the excitation spectrum for the two-phonon-induced collision process, these techniques were used to determine quenching rate constants of Kr2F*. Quenching by Xe gives XeF(B, C) with rate constant (1.5±0.2)×10−10 cm3 s−1; the quenching rate constant for F2 is (1.5±0.2)×10−10 cm3 s−1, and the radiative lifetime of Kr2F* is 240±35 ns. The quenching rate constant for the coupled Kr(2p8) and Kr(2p9) levels by F2 is (13±2)×10−10 cm3 s−1.
The impact of urbanization on construction minerals

Abstract Construction minerals (sand, gravel and crushed stone used in the production of concrete) are among our most plentiful mineral resources by volume. Increasing quantities of these materials are required for construction within urban areas. However, continuing and accelerating suburbanization is rapidly making unusable deposits of these minerals due to zoning and other restrictions. In addition, the low intrinsic value of mineral aggregates and their bulkiness make the economics of the industry extremely sensitive to location. Mathematical programming is used to investigate the economic impact of urbanization on the production and distribution of construction minerals.
Pulse velocities in initially stressed cylindrical rubber tubes.

Expressions are obtained for the pulse velocities in cylindrical tubes of rubber-like materials which are under a state of initial stress. The development is based on the theory of finite elastic deformations and a Mooney materials is considered for illustrative purposes. Numerical results are given in terms of dimensionless parameters which involve the stretch ratio and lumen volume ratio. For the thoracic aorta, a value for the pulse velocity is obtained which is lower than the experimental value.
Community- versus Individual-Level Indicators to Identify Pediatric Health Care Need

Increasingly, geographic information systems employing spatial data are being used to identify communities with poorer health care status. Since health care indicators are strongly linked to income, could these data, usually based on adult indicators, be used for pediatric health care need? We hypothesized that individual-level indicators such as quality of life scales (QOL) would be better than community-level indicators at identifying families with poorer health care practices. Surveys and medical record reviews were used for a sample of 174 caregivers of young children. Lower level of income was associated with poorer scores on several QOL domains, and on the primary health practices (i.e., non-urgent emergency room use and lack of age-appropriate immunization status). One community-level indicator, the medically underserved area (MUA), was almost as good as the best individual-level indicators at predicting primary health care practices. The community-level indicator of MUA appears to meet its initial intent, providing information on the location of very low-income individuals with high health care need even among a sample of Medicaid-insured children with an identified health care provider.
Laboratory observations of frictional sliding of individual contacts in geologic materials

This paper gives the results of grain-to-grain sliding friction experiments on several naturally occurring geologic materials and two manufactured materials. The materials include quartz sands with mean grain size $$d_{ave}$$ ranging from 0.14 to 3 mm, crushed and ball milled gneiss with $$d_{ave} = 14-20$$ mm, magnesite (limestone) with $$d_{ave}=2$$ mm, and Caicos ooids with $$d_{ave}=0.44$$ mm. The reference materials include manufactured glass beads ( $$d_{ave} = 0.30$$ and 1.0 mm) and spheres of a synthetic material (Delrin, $$d_{ave} = 19.05$$ and 5.08 mm). The experiments involved normal loads $$F_{N}$$ that ranged from 0.46 to 20 N, depending on material, and the subsequent application of an increasing shear force at a loading rate of 1 $$\hbox {Ns}^{-1}$$ . This work contributes to the goal of providing high-fidelity contact models for use in discrete element simulations of naturally occurring granular materials. The results presented here provide a picture of shear force-displacement behavior up to and through the onset of macroscopic sliding. For natural materials with relatively rough surfaces, the coefficient of friction $$\mu $$ ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 at normal force levels $$F_{N} < 10$$ N, but tended to converge to a narrower range (0.24–0.62) at higher $$F_{N}$$ levels. Grains with low surface roughness (glass beads, synthetic material and the 3-mm-diameter sand), on the other hand, exhibited a trend of decreasing $$\mu $$ with increasing $$F_{N}$$ , with terminal values in the range of 0.1–0.2 for $$10 \le F_{N} \le 20$$ N. This behavior is explained in terms of the relationship between the normal force and the true area of contact. Additionally, observations of free sliding observed under cyclic shear loading are reported.
Sialic acids in human health and disease

The surfaces of all vertebrate cells are decorated with a dense and complex array of sugar chains, which are mostly attached to proteins and lipids. Most soluble secreted proteins are also similarly decorated with such glycans. Sialic acids are a diverse family of sugar units with a nine-carbon backbone that are typically found attached to the outermost ends of these chains. Given their location and ubiquitous distribution, sialic acids can mediate or modulate a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review considers some examples of their established and newly emerging roles in aspects of human physiology and disease.
Serine at position 2 in the DNA recognition helix of a Cys2-His2 zinc finger peptide is not, in general, responsible for base recognition.

Abstract The roles of certain amino acids within zinc finger peptides of the Cys 2 His 2 type in determining DNA-binding site specificity were investigated. A variety of three domain peptides designed using a consensus sequence framework were prepared with different potential DNA-contacting residues and tested in a recently developed specificity determination assay. Proteins with recognition helix sequence Q −1 S 1 S 2 N 3 L 4 Q 5 K 6 and QSSDLQK prefer binding subsites 5′-GAA-3′ and 5′-(G/T)C(A/G)-3′, respectively. Changing the Ser residues in position 2 to Ala in these proteins did not significantly affect the DNA binding site preferences, indicating that Ser residues, which occur frequently in position 2 in known zinc finger proteins are not, in general, responsible for determining binding site preferences. Examination of proteins with recognition helices HSSNLQK and ASSNLQK revealed considerable loss of binding site discrimination throughout the binding sub site. These observations provide further evidence for the importance of residues in positions −1 and 3 in determining DNA binding specificity. Moreover, these results illustrate the effects of changes of one residue in the recognition helix on binding site preferences throughout the recognition subsite.
Mineral nutrition of leafy vegetable crops irrigated with saline drainage water.

ABSTRACT Nine leafy vegetable crops were grown in outdoor sand plots to determine the effects of salinity and the timing of salt stress on leaf-ion concentration. Vegetable species were: radicchio (Cichorium intybus L.), curly endive (C. endivia L.), pac choi (Brassica rapa L., chinensis group), tatsoi (B. rapa L., narinosa group), kale (B. oleracea, acephala group), cooking greens (B. rapa L.), mustard greens (B. juncea (L.) Czerniak), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.). All species were planted at the same time and irrigated with a complete nutrient solution. Three weeks after planting, six saline treatments were imposed on half of the plants; the remaining plants were salinized four weeks later. Saline solution compositions were prepared to simulate the high-sodium, high-sulfate drainage waters typically found in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Electrical conductivities of the irrigation waters (ECi) were 3 (control), 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23 dS.m−1. Mineral ion conce...
American Mathematical Society demonstrates progressive innovation with e-journals

(1997). American Mathematical Society demonstrates progressive innovation with e-journals. Serials Review: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 73-76.
Stripe formation in Bose-Einstein condensates with large numbers of vortices

We analyze recent experiments at JILA, which observe periodic formation of stripes in a rotating Bose condensate [Engels et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 100403 (2002)], and explain this behavior as a consequence of kinetic energy driven evolution, where the vortices follow a quadrupolar flow. We demonstrate that the structure of vortex lattices in the lowest Landau level is a useful tool for understanding such complex phenomena, even when the system is not in the quantum Hall regime.
The effect of bicycle helmet legislation on bicycling fatalities

A number of states passed legislation in the 1990s requiring youths to wear helmets when riding bicycles. The effect of this legislation on bicycling fatalities is examined by subjecting data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System to a panel analysis, using a control-group methodology. A helmet law reduces fatalities by about 15 percent in the long run, less in the short run. There is no evidence of spillover effects (to adults) or substitution effects (youths choosing other methods of transportation) associated with implementation of a helmet law. Through 2000, existing helmet laws have saved 130 lives. If all states had adopted helmet laws in 1975, more than 1500 lives would have been saved. © 2004 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. Language: en
5-HT6 receptor antagonism potentiates the behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine but not cocaine

The localization of serotonin 5-HT(6) receptors in limbic and motor brain regions, and the high affinity of these receptors for several antipsychotic agents, suggest that they may be involved in motor activity, reward-related behaviors, and psychotic disorders. The present study characterized the effects of a novel 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist, SB 258510A, on psychostimulant-induced motor activity, self-administration, and increases in extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex of male Wistar rats. The locomotor-activating effects of amphetamine (1mg/kg) were dose-dependently enhanced by pretreatment with SB 258510A (3, 10mg/kg). Similarly, amphetamine self-administration was dose-dependently altered by SB 258510A in a manner indicative of enhanced reinforcing effects of amphetamine on both fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. SB 258510A treatment had no effect on either cocaine-induced locomotor activity or cocaine self-administration. Dual-probe in vivo microdialysis revealed that pretreatment with 3mg/kg SB 258510A potentiated an amphetamine-induced increase in extracellular dopamine more robustly in the frontal cortex than in the nucleus accumbens. These data indicate that activation of 5-HT(6) receptors may regulate behaviors related to amphetamine but not cocaine, and point to the frontal cortex as a possible site of action for these effects.
Modeling of heat conduction within chamber walls for multidimensional internal combustion engine simulations

A two-dimensional (axisymmetric) transient heat conduction in components computer program (HCC) was successfully developed for predicting engine combustion chamber wall temperatures. The alternating direction explicit (ADE) Saul'yev method, an explicit, unconditionally stable finite difference method, was used in the code. Special treatments for the head gasket and the piston-liner air gap, the piston movement, and a grid transformation for describing the realistic piston bowl shape were designed and utilized. The results were compared with a finite element method and were verified to be accurate for simplified test problems. In addition, the method was applied to realistic problems of heat transfer in an Isuzu engine and a Caterpillar diesel engine, and gave good agreement with available experimental measurements.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Mitral Prosthesis Malfunction

We describe the utilization of echocardiography and phonocardiography in the diagnosis of malfunction of the Smeloff-Cutter mitral prosthesis in a patient in whom corrective surgery was subsequently performed without the necessity of cardiac catheterization studies. The noninvasive studies also delineated prosthesis malfunction as the etiology of pulsus alternans, noted clinically in this patient.
Monoclonal antibody C3.1 is a platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) antagonist.

Abstract A monoclonal antibody C3.1 raised against NR6 cells and partially purified PDGF receptor blocked PDGF stimulated [3H] thymidine incorporation in Swiss mouse 3T3 cells and immunoprecipitated a 180 kDa phosphoprotein from NR6 cells. The phosphoprotein bound to a C3.1 sepharose 4B affinity matrix and could be specifically eluted with PDGF but not by EGF of basic FGF. These preliminary results suggests that the ability of C3.1 to inhibit PDGF stimulated mitogenesis may be due to its direct or allosteric interaction at the PDGF receptor binding site.
Phase equilibria of GaNiAs at 600°C and the structural relationship between γ-Ni3Ga2, γ′-Ni13Ga9 and TNi3GaAs

Abstract Solid state phase equilibria in the ternary GaNiAs system were established at 600°C. The experimental techniques used to establish the phase equilibria were X-ray powder diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). A ternary phase with the nominal formula Ni3GaAs (designated as T in the present study) was established. T exists over a range of homogeneity. Most of the binary phases in this system show extensive ternary solubilities. There is a slight solubility of nickel in GaAs. The structure of T was determined to be B81.5, the same as that of the high-temperature γ-Ni3Ga2 phase with one of the gallium atoms replaced by an arsenic atom. The structural stabilities of γ-Ni3Ga2 (B81.5), γ′-Ni13Ga9 (monoclinic) and TNi3GaAs (B81.5) are discussed.
Water consumption, irrigation efficiency and nutritional value of Atriplex lentiformis grown on reverse osmosis brine in a desert irrigation district

Abstract Arid regions in southwestern U.S. are faced with increased water shortages with the possibility of compromised water quality. The use of impaired water resources, including saline water, for agriculture is a possibility. The halophyte forage shrub Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush) was irrigated over three growing seasons with brine (2.6–3.2 g L−1 total dissolved solids) from a reverse-osmosis water treatment plant in an agricultural district in Marana, Arizona, in the Sonoran Desert, U.S. The goal was to determine if a halophyte crop could be grown productively on saline irrigation water in a way that maximized yield yet minimized excess deep percolation of salt past the root zone. Our hypotheses for this project were: (1) A. lentiformis could consume water at or above the potential evapotranspiration rate (ETo) measured at an on-site meteorological stations; (2) need for a leaching fraction could be minimized due to the high salt tolerance of the crop; and (3) water could be presented on a constant schedule typical of the delivery from a desalination plant, with excess water presented in winter utilized in summer via the deep rooting systems of A. lentiformis. Three irrigation treatments were tested based on the potential evapotranspiration rate (ETo): (1) plots irrigated at ETo adjusted daily via an on-site micrometeorology station; (2) plots irrigated at 1.5 ETo adjusted daily; (3) plots irrigated at a constant rate throughout the year based on the mean of annual ETo. The plants produced 15–22 tons ha−1 year−1 of biomass and could be irrigated at the rate of ETo, ca. 2 m year−1 at this location. Drainage volumes ranged from no drainage in Treatment 1 to 12–14% of applied water in Treatments 2 and 3. It is concluded that irrigation of halophyte forage crops provide a viable strategy for extending water supplies and disposing of saline water in arid-zone irrigation districts.
Crustal architecture of the Transantarctic Mountains between the Scott and Reedy Glacier region and South Pole from aerogeophysical data

Abstract Aerogeophysical data collected in transects between the South Pole and West Antarctica, crossing the Transantarctic Mountains at the 150°W meridian, are used to constrain the sub-ice topography, the sub-ice geology and the inland structure of the Transantarctic Mountains. Forward modeling of gravity data suggests slight crustal thickening of 5 km beneath the mountain front indicating partial isostatic compensation by thickened crust. New magnetic data help characterize the sub-ice geology inland of the Transantarctic Mountains with the observed magnetic anomaly field dominated by Granite Harbour Intrusives, similar to the magnetic field in Victoria Land. However, the typical pattern of anomalies caused by Jurassic tholeiitic magmatism elsewhere along the Transantarctic Mountains is not observed, nor is the mesa topography that is often associated with the Ferrar Dolerite. Together, these observations rule out the widespread presence of Ferrar Dolerite sills within the survey area. A pronounced magnetic lineament, herein named the South Pole Lineament, parallel to the 0°/180° longitudinal meridian, beneath the South Pole defines a previously unknown tectonic trend of the East Antarctic craton. The lineament suggests the presence of a lithospheric-scale structure beneath South Pole, projecting into a fault mapped from ice-penetrating radar data and extending to Shackleton Glacier, the site of a major geological boundary across the Transantarctic Mountains. Potentially, the lineament is the expression of the edge of the undeformed craton, an inherited structure created during assembly or breakup of Rodinia and Gondwana supercontinents; or an intracontinental transform.
Non-Gaussian Noise in Quantum Spin Glasses and Interacting Two-Level Systems

We study a general model for non-Gaussian $1/f$ noise based on an infinite range quantum Ising spin system in the paramagnetic state, or, equivalently, interacting two-level classical fluctuators. We identify a dilatation interaction term in the dynamics which survives the thermodynamic limit and circumvents the central limit theorem to produce non-Gaussian noise even when the equilibrium distribution is that of noninteracting spins. The resulting second spectrum (``noise of the noise'') itself has a universal $1/f$ form which we analyze within a dynamical mean-field approximation.
PCA and SVD with nonnegative loadings

Principal component analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are widely used in multivariate statistical analysis for data reduction. The work considers exponential, logit, and multinomial parameterization of the eigenvectors' elements that always yields nonnegative loadings of shares for variable aggregation. In contrast to regular PCA and SVD, matrix decomposition by the positive shares shows explicitly which variables and with which percent are composed into each group, so what is each variable contribution to data approximation. The least squares objective of matrix fit is reduced to Rayleigh quotient for variational description of the eigenvalues. Eigenvectors with the nonlinear parameterization can be found in Newton-Raphson optimizing procedure. Numerical examples compare the classical and nonnegative loadings results, with interpretation by the Perron-Frobenius theory for each subset of variables identified by sparse loading vectors.
Planting Date Affects Production and Quality of Grass Pea Forage

The rising cost of commercial nitrogen fertilizers indicates that additional research is needed concerning agronomic practices required to integrate legumes into cereal-based cropping systems. This study examined how planting date affects the productivity of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in central Oklahoma. Experimental plots (3 by 20 m, n = 3) were disked and fertilized with 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 , and inoculum-treated (Rhizobium leguminosarum) seeds ('AC-Greenfix') were planted at 60 kg ha -1 on 15 March, 1 April, and 15 April in 2004, 2005, and 2006. Biomass, N concentration, N accumulation per hectare, and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) of grass pea forage were determined on samples collected at 7 d of the year (DOY) after planting. Significant (P < 0.05) interactions occurred in response of biomass (DOY x year), N concentration, and IVDDM (DOY x year x planting date), and accumulated N (DOY x year; DOY x planting date). Peak biomass in 2004, 2005, and 2006 was 3900, 5800, and 3500 kg ha -1 , respectively. Maximum accumulated N related to years was 115 to 157 kg ha -1 between DOY 165 and DOY 195. Peak N accumulation of 125 to 153 kg ha -1 occurred between DOY 180 and DOY 210. Grass pea is flexible in response to spring planting dates, indicating that it can be sown as a green manure or forage crop during a 30-d period in the southern Great Plains and still maximize biomass and N accumulation.
Splenic foreign body in a cat

An 8-year-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a several day history of anorexia and vomiting. Abdominal distention was noted on physical examination and diagnostics including abdominal radiographs and abdominal ultrasound demonstrated the presence of free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Septic peritonitis was diagnosed on cytologic evaluation of the peritoneal fluid. The cat was taken to surgery and a foreign body composed of plant material was found embedded within the spleen. A splenectomy was performed and both open and active peritoneal drainages were used to successfully treat this case.
Dimensional and similitude analysis of spray blister sheet from prismatic planing models

Abstract One of the phenomena associated with the planing hull operation is the formation of a spray sheet. In model tests the water surface tension stabilizes the spray sheet and a “spray blister” forms. In addition to being an interesting hydrodynamic phenomena, the spray blister provides a trace of the spray trajectory. As a first approximation, the spray sheet trajectory is modeled as that of a projectile in the presence of gravity. Dimensional analysis of the spray sheet results in a modified Weber number or surface tension parameter STR based on the maximum blister height. Analysis of the spray blister measurements of Savitsky and Breslin (1958) results in a family of STR curves which show the limiting case when blister breakup occurs. Using the resultsof trajectory analysis, it is possible to show that STR = constant/ V 4 . A scaling law is derived which enables the collapse of the data into a single curve representing the STR values at a given speed. This analysis forms the basis for understanding the behavior of the spray sheet.
P01-549 - Health literacy and adherence to psychiatric appointments: Study of an urban academic center

Introduction Health literacy (HL) measures the ability of an individual to use health-related information in order to make appropriate health-related decisions and to navigate the healthcare system. It influences a variety of behaviors such as breastfeeding, medication adherence, or the use of screening tests. Research has shown that it is related to the treatment outcome of conditions such as HIV and diabetes. Objective It is the assumption of this study that health literacy also plays a role in psychiatric patients’ adherence to treatment; in particular, to outpatient psychiatric appointments. Aims We hypothesized that patients with different health literacy levels would have different adherence rates to outpatient psychiatric appointments. Methods The study was conducted in 2006 in the Outpatient Psychiatry Department (OPD) of Temple University School of Medicine in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. All English and Spanish-speaking patients of the OPD (potential N = 150) were invited to complete the short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (sTOFHLA), yielding three HL groups: adequate, marginal and inadequate. We explored the demographic and clinical correlates of HL and compared the three literacy groups with respect to their adherence to appointments during a 12-month period. Results Our study showed that, for our patient population, HL was not significantly related to any of the demographic and clinical variables included in our analysis except appointment adherence. Conclusion Patients with lower HL had lower adherence to appointments. These findings invite further research to explore the significance of HL.
Sampling for Provenance: Tailings from Prehistoric Stone Quarries in the South Pacific

Stone is a principal component in archaeological assemblages across the Pacific. It provided a major element in architecture, used as trade goods, and was fashioned into implements and ornaments, monolithic monuments, statues, money, and emblematic symbols of victory, status and ethnicity. In short, stone is a pervasive element in the economic, social, and political fabric of Pacific cultural traditions. However, provenance of rock quarries, the source of this raw material, has received limited attention in Oceania. Provenance studies have been sidestepped or short-changed in the rush to analyse artifactual materials. Here we establish a foundation for more robust provenance studies and field sampling strategies through a discussion of (1) quarry identification and (2) sampling within prospective sources. A model of quarry identification, sampling, and characterization is drawn from work on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), and the fundamental precepts are outlined for future sampling experiments and provenance work in stone quarries generally.
Money and in comerelationships in the United Kingdom: Some new evidence

Abstract We find combined evidence from tests of cointegration and from causality tests supplemented with impulse response functions is consistent with effective monetary targeting for the UK over the period 1960–1988. For the entire period, the evidence indicates that M0 is the most likely target for the Bank of England with significant cointegration and impulse response results. However, evidence from the flexible exchange rate subperiod (1972–1988), which includes the monetary deregulation of the 1980s, indicates that the broader measure of money, £M3, may have become a better candidate for monetary targeting.
Functional Organization of the Catecholaminergic Neural Systems Inhibiting Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Anestrous Ewes

Both dopaminergic (DA) and noradrenergic (NA) neural systems contribute to the suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency in intact anestrous ewes. In this study, we explored the functional relationship between these two inhibitory neural systems by determining if DA or NA antagonists could block the inhibitory actions of DA and NA agonists in ovariectomized anestrous ewes. If these systems are linked 'in series' with one (e.g. NA) exerting its effects by stimulating the other (e.g. DA), then one antagonist (e.g. DA) should block the inhibitory actions of both agonists. If they are organized 'in parallel', then each antagonist should only block the actions of the homologous agonist. In the first experiment, the DA agonist, apomorphine, suppressed LH pulse frequency and this action was blocked by the DA antagonist, pimozide, but not by the NA antagonist, phenoxybenzamine. Similarly, in experiment 2, the ability of the NA agonist, clonidine, to suppress LH pulse frequency was blocked by the NA antagonist. However, the DA antagonist also partially blocked the inhibitory effects of this NA agonist. We next repeated experiment 2 using a lower dose of the NA agonist. The lower dose of clonidine again inhibited LH pulse frequency and this effect was completely blocked by the DA antagonist. These results suggest that the NA agonist suppressed LH pulse frequency by stimulating a set of inhibitory DA neurons and are thus compatible with the hypothesis that the catecholaminergic neurons controlling LH secretion in anestrous ewes are organized 'in series' with the NA neurons stimulating a DA neural system that directly suppresses GnRH release.
A Polysaccharide-Protein Complex from Haemophilus influenzae Type b. III. Vaccine Trial in Human Adults

Polysaccharide-protein complex prepared from Haemophilus influenzae type b strain Eagan was evaluated for toxicity and immunogenicity in adult volunteers given intramuscular injections. Most subjects had moderate local inflammation that was maximal the day after vaccination. No lot of vaccine significantly exceeded a saline placebo in production of systemic symptoms. Neither the local nor the systemic reactions of individual subjects appeared to be related to prevaccination serum antibody titers. Serum antibody responses to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitolphosphate [PRP]) component were detected in \800%7 of the subjects. The PRP content of the vaccine antigens varied, and the rate and extent of responses were as expected for an equivalent dose of purified PRP vaccine. Antibody responses were not enhanced by aluminum phosphate. There was no booster response to a second injection given after six months. Responses to the residual lipopolysaccharide component occurred in 80% of the subjects, primarily in the IgG class. Responses to the nonlipopolysaccharide somatic components were detected less frequently.
Otto Semmelroth and the Advance of the Church as Sacrament at Vatican II

Otto Semmelroth played a major role in advancing the notion of the church as sacrament at Vatican II. His preconciliar works as well as his participation in working groups and committees were instr...
Fluoxetine effects on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) locomotor activity.

Fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is among the top 100 drugs prescribed annually in the United States and the United Kingdom and is one of many pharmaceutical products that have been detected in global surface waters. Our study used sublethal concentrations to assess the impact of FLX exposure on sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) locomotor behavior. Exposures lasted for 56 hours, and fish were recorded for locomotor behavior assessment at six timepoints between 1–56 h post-dose. Behavior was recorded to quantify locomotor activity using line crossing counts. Animals treated with 300 μg L−1 FLX exhibited reduced locomotor activity at 1, 25, 32, 49 and 56 h post-dose. An EC25 value of 2 μg L−1 (lower and upper 95 % confidence limits at 1.3, 43 μg L−1, respectively) was determined for locomotor activity at 32 h of exposure. Changes in locomotor activity due to FLX exposure may have implications for the ecological response of populations to other natural and anthropogenic str...
Optimum bit allocation algorithm for DMT-based systems under minimum transmitted power constraint

An algorithm for allocating bits to several carriers of a discrete multitone (DMT) symbol is proposed. The target of the algorithm is to assign the required bits (supported service) among the carriers so that the transmitted power is kept to a minimum. Ultimately, this algorithm is a transmitted power back-off algorithm which enables the system to operate at the minimum required power, resulting in the minimisation of the crosstalk interference to other systems located in the same binder group. Even though this algorithm was originally designed according the very high speed digital subscriber line system specifications, it can equally be used in every DMT-based digital subscriber line system such as asymmetrical digital subscriber line systems.
RETouching upon mechanoreceptors.

The rapidly adapting (RA) low-threshold mechanoreceptors respond to movement of the skin and vibration and are critical for the perception of texture and shape. In this issue of Neuron , two papers (Bourane et al. and Luo et al.) demonstrate that early-born Ret + sensory neurons are RA mechanoreceptors, whose peripheral nerve terminals are associated with Meissner corpuscles, longitudinal lanceolate endings, and Pacinian corpuscles. The studies further show that Ret signaling is essential for the development of these mechanoreceptors.
Mathematical modeling of the mastitis infection process.

Mastitis infection is a biological process with a serial structure and stochastic in nature. A mathematical model for this process was developed from Markov chain theory. The unit of the process was an individual quarter; and four infection processes for first, second, third, fourth or higher lactation were described. Two Markov matrices which probabilistically determine the transitions between seven mutually exclusive states at each stage of the process were defined. After its validation, the model was used to determine the lactational consequences of the mastitis infection by calculating expected milk-yield productivity. Expected milk-yield productivity for an individual quarter was .93, .88, .85, and .84 for first, second, third, and fourth or higher lactation. The expected milk yield productivity of a quarter as a function of its state at the beginning of the process also was calculated. The quarters infected but not clinical have the lowest productivity.
An XRD, XPS, and EPR Study of Li/MgO Catalysts: Case of the Oxidative Methylation of Acetonitrile to Acrylonitrile with CH4

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the magnesium and lithium precursors and the catalyst surface properties on the catalytic performance in the oxidative methylation of acetonitrile. The performance of the catalysts for the oxidative methylation of acetonitrile to acrylonitrile was significantly affected by the Li precursor, where catalysts prepared with LiCl and LiOH on MgO had the best performance for this reaction. The catalysts' activity was virtually unaffected by the source and surface area of the MgO. In contrast, relatively high BET surface areas appeared to have a negative affect on the catalysts' performance by producing less acrylonitrile and more COx. XPS and XRD analyses of Li/MgO-based catalysts indicated that the lithium salts used in the catalyst synthesis predominantly formed mixtures with MgO. It was found that the Li:Cl atomic ratio was 1:1 in catalysts prepared with LiCl, even after calcination at 650°C for 14 h in air. XRD analysis of LiCl/MgO catalysts calcined at 650°C suggests that some amount of LiCl precursor on MgO decomposes into Li+O− (Li2O2). The latter species are believed to be responsible for the effective transformation of methane and acetonitrile to acrylonitrile. The binding energy of Li 1s ranges between 57.0 and 52.3 eV. Very interestingly, the binding energy of the Li 1s peak observed at 57.0 eV in LiCl/MgO (C1–C6) and LiOH/MgO (C9) catalysts corresponds to Li+O− (Li2O2). This peak was negligible for Li2CO3/MgO (C7 and C8) and LiNO3/MgO (C10) catalysts. Our proposal for this XPS peak of Li+O− species is supported by the EPR peak at g⊥=2.0544. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous communication of the Li 1s peak which corresponds to Li+O− determined by XPS. Catalytic experiments for the oxidative methylation of acetonitrile to acrylonitrile over the aforesaid catalysts indicate that indeed the catalysts synthesized with LiCl and LiOH promote the desired reaction, or equivalently they are associated with Li+O− species. A direct relation between the EPR peak at g⊥=2.0544 and the lack of CO was established. Although the LiCl/MgO catalysts' performance was better than that of other catalysts prepared in this study, it was also the least stable. Observations made during these studies suggest that lithium sublimation occurs, thus resulting in catalyst deactivation. It is remarkable to note that catalysts synthesized with LiNO3 demonstrated superior thermal stability, even under severe calcination conditions.
What You Should Know about Hypersexual Disorder

For many of us, the possible inclusion of Hypersexual Disorder (APA, 2010) in the DSM-V comes with mixed emotions. Like you, I am thrilled to see years of hard work, research, and advocacy finally ...
Building Momentum in Negotiations: Time‐Related Costs and Action‐Forcing Events

Using the negotiations over the future of Northern Ireland and other case examples, the author develops a conceptual framework for analyzing how negotiators seek to build momentum and overcome stalemate. The framework focuses on the choices negotiators face between taking action and waiting in the hope that counterparts will make concessions, exploring the importance of perceptions of time-related costs and action-forcing events in shaping decision making. The framework highlights the uneven, nonlinear nature of the flow of negotiation processes from initiation to agreement or breakdown, and focuses on the ways negotiators seek to influence the flow by shaping perceptions of time-related costs, structuring action-forcing events, and creating linkages among sets of negotiations.
Electron Digital Imaging toward High-Resolution Structure Analysis of Biological Macromolecules

Digital imaging has been applied to structure analysis of biological macromolecules in combination with electron energy filtering. Energy filtering can improve the image contrast of frozen-hydrated specimens, but needs a high-sensitivity imaging device instead of photographic film, because of a decrease in electrons after filtration. Here, a lens-coupled slow-scan charge-coupled device (SSCCD) camera with a post-column-type energy filter were examined to image bacterial flagellar filaments embedded in ice. We first measured the modulation transfer function of this camera and showed the remarkable improvement, compared to other fiber-coupled SSCCD cameras. The 3D structure calculated at approximately 7-angstroms resolution clearly resolves alpha-helices. Furthermore, filtered datasets recorded on the SSCCD camera with liquid-nitrogen and liquid-helium cooling were compared with the previous unfiltered one on film with liquid-helium cooling. This report describes the suitability of digital imaging with energy filtering for higher-resolution structure studies from its practical application.
Self-regulatory role of 4-hydroxynonenal in signaling for stress-induced programmed cell death.

Within the last two decades, 4-hydroxynonenal has emerged as an important second messenger involved in the regulation of various cellular processes. Our recent studies suggest that HNE can induce apoptosis in various cells through the death receptor Fas (CD95)-mediated extrinsic pathway as well as through the p53-dependent intrinsic pathway. Interestingly, through its interaction with the nuclear protein Daxx, HNE can self-limit its apoptotic role by translocating Daxx to cytoplasm where it binds to Fas and inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis. In this paper, after briefly describing recent studies on various biological activities of HNE, based on its interactions with Fas, Daxx, and p53, we speculate on possible mechanisms through which HNE may affect a multitude of cellular processes and draw a parallel between signaling roles of H2O2 and HNE.