cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism and Performance Comparison of Two Wireless Sensor Network Operating System Kernels

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is considered as one of the most important techniques in the 21 century. However, Wireless sensor network operating system (WSNOS) is the core and also the essential part of the WSN system, and its high efficiency and flexibility directly impact on the performance of the real-time system. Our Liaoning Provincial Key embedded technology institute has achieved great results in WSNOS, and we have successfully developed two WSNOS named WORIX and iDCX 128. This paper will introduce the mechanism and the performance comparison of the two WSNOS kernels in detail.
Influence of season of fire on flowering of wet prairie grasses in south Florida, USA

We measured the effects of prescribed fire during January (dormant season) and May (growing season) on flowering of three perennial grasses, muhly (Muhlenbergia capillaris), gulfdune paspalum (Paspalum monostachyum), and south Florida bluestem (Schizachyrium rhizomatum), which are dominant grasses in wet prairies of south Florida, USA. Flowering was promoted by growing season fire but not by dormant season fire. Flowering was significantly greater for all species following prescribed fire conducted during May compared with areas burned during January of the same calendar year. The strong positive effect of growing season fire on flowering of all three species decreased after the first growing season. We rejected the hypothesis that season of fire did not influence flowering. Our results indicated that flowering by these dominant, wet prairie grasses is promoted by early growing season fire, which corresponds to historical patterns of lightning-ignited fire in south Florida.
Acute Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Treatment Alternatives

Acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis represents a unique type of proximal femoral epiphyseal instability. The potential for complications and unsatisfactory outcomes is high, especially due to avascular necrosis. A newly proposed classification based on epiphyseal stability provides a rational assessment of this acute physeal fracture. Improvements in imaging and fixation techniques have reduced the morbidity of this condition. Choice of treatment must be based on the surgeon's experience and expertise. Vigilance is particularly required in young patients with underlying endocrine or metabolic conditions that predispose them to bilateral hip involvement.
Patient- and Family-Centered Care: It's Not Just for Pediatrics Anymore.

Patient- and family-centered care can be promoted through collaboration and health literacy and including patient and family values in care plans.
The International Court of Justice as a Forum for Genocide Cases

In light of the 2007 decision by the International Court of Justice in Bosnia's ethnic cleansing suit against Yugoslavia, the question is raised at a symposium being held September 28 at Case Western Reserve School of Law as to whether the Genocide Convention constitutes a viable legal tool to stop atrocities perpetrated by a state. This article assesses the possibilities for using the Genocide Convention to this end. While a state may, as the ICJ decided in the 2007 case, sue another state for genocide, the utility of the Genocide Convention is limited by the court's restrictive view of what constitutes genocide in the ethnic cleansing situation, and by the fact that many states are not subject to the court's jurisdiction if they commit genocide.
Taxonomy of Aphelinoidea (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species attacking eggs of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in California

Species of Aphelinoidea Girault known to parasitize eggs of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), in California were studied using both morphological and molecular characters. These include two introduced species (from Iran and Turkmenistan) as well as two indigenous species, A. zarehi n. sp. and A. roja n. sp. Earlier studies had identified the indigenous Aphelinoidea in California and other arid western states as A. plutella Girault, but we did not find putative A. plutella in our surveys of parasitoids of beet leafhopper eggs in California. We conclude that the earlier studies misidentified other indigenous species as A. plutella, and that at least some of these misidentifications were actually A. zarehi, one of the two new species described herein. A key to Aphelinoidea species known to parasitize beet leafhopper eggs in California is given. The key also includes A. plutella whose hosts are not known and for which we have no evidence as occurring in the western United States. DNA sequences support the separation of the four Aphelinoidea species reared from beet leafhopper eggs in California. Cross-mating tests also failed to show interbreeding between the taxa. Data are presented on developmental times of the two introduced species of Aphelinoidea.
Innovative Routes for Enhancing Adolescent Marijuana Treatment: Interplay of Peer Influence Across Social Media and Geolocation

Peer behaviors are highly influential in youth decision-making around whether to use marijuana. Social media, as a popular form of peer interaction, has extended peer influence on marijuana use from “in-person” to “on-line” relationships. This is highly concerning, as youth may report their marijuana use on social media as it occurs. The immediacy and possible virality of this type of on-line interaction not only is a source of risk, but also may have utility for monitoring and predicting an episode of marijuana use just before it occurs. This article discusses how in-person and on-line peer interactions contribute to youth marijuana use in order to identify triggering social contexts (e.g., in-person co-location of peers, on-line peer influence) associated with marijuana use. The development of an innovative approach to youth intervention for marijuana use, which combines real-time assessment of social media activity and geographic location of youth and a peer, is described.
Did Khrushchev bluff in Cuba? No

Raymond Garthoff, who was involved in the U.S. Cuban missile deliberations, disputes Richard Ned Lebow's hypothesis about Khrushchev's intentions and provides insight about the high-risk military planning on both sides.
The Ideal 7-Step Breast Cancer Diet, Lifestyle, and Dietary Supplements Program for Prevention/Recurrence: Heart Healthy = Breast Healthy!

The primary cause of mortality in the USA and in most developed countries is cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is the primary or secondary cause of death in the largest clinical trials ever conducted for preventing or treating breast cancer. The overall risk of mortality needs to be placed into perspective, and it does not serve to belittle the seriousness of other common and not so common health conditions, but rather serves as an ideal nexus for health care professional and patient educational purposes. Heart healthy recommendations have been tantamount to overall breast health recommendations because there are simplistic correlations between heart health and breast specific diseases. Health care professionals working in the field of breast cancer need to motivate and provide a simplistic, realistic, and practical set of diet and lifestyle recommendations to patients in order to impact the more important statistic of health known as “all-cause morbidity and mortality.” A list of seven heart healthy recommendations are provided in this chapter to assist the clinician and patient in their discussions of practical, logical, and realistic changes that may not only be accomplished in a short time period, but should provide at least some type of tangible overall benefit for the individual concerned about her or his risk of breast cancer (prevention or recurrence). Additionally, a summary of many nutritional interventions and dietary supplements postulated to have anticancer effects is reviewed as well as methods to enhance compliance of proven heart healthy changes in your clinical practice.
Neuromodulative actions of cytokines.

Interleukin 1, interferon alpha 2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha are cytokines that centrally mediate various reactions typical of the host defense responses to infection. The preoptic-anterior hypothalamus is an important, but not exclusive, integrative and controlling region for several of these effects. Although these cytokines display some common functional activities (e.g., pyrogenicity, somnogenicity), the characteristics of the responses they induce are different. Their effects, moreover, can be evoked or suppressed selectively, indicating that the neuronal substrates and/or neuromodulators used are distinct, each possessing discrete but partially overlapping sensory combinations. Nevertheless, it is not yet obvious how these systems are organized and integrated in host defense. It is also unclear whether these cytokines are elaborated peripherally and gain access to the brain or whether they are induced centrally. The available data suggest that circulating cytokines probably do not penetrate the brain but may activate elements in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis. This site appears to be critically important for the production of the centrally mediated effects of blood-borne cytokines; it is speculated that the cytokines evoke there local signals that transduce their message; serotonin may be linked to these signals.
A phase I study of intratumoral ipilimumab and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced melanoma

// Abhijit Ray 1,* , Matthew A. Williams 2,* , Stephanie M. Meek 2 , Randy C. Bowen 3 , Kenneth F. Grossmann 1 , Robert H.I. Andtbacka 4 , Tawnya L. Bowles 5 , John R. Hyngstrom 4,5 , Sancy A. Leachman 6 , Douglas Grossman 1 , Glen M. Bowen 1 , Sheri L. Holmen 1 , Matthew W. VanBrocklin 1 , Gita Suneja 7 and Hung T. Khong 1 1 Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute-University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 2 Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 3 School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 4 Section of Surgical Oncology, Division of General Surgery Huntsman Cancer Institute-University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 5 Department of General Surgery, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, USA 6 Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University-Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA 7 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hung T. Khong, email: // Keywords : ipilimumab, interleukin-2, intratumoral, abscopal effect, immunotherapy Received : June 17, 2016 Accepted : June 25, 2016 Published : July 06, 2016 Abstract Purpose: Intratumoral interleukin-2 (IL-2) is effective but does not generate systemic immunity. Intravenous ipilimumab produces durable clinical response in a minority of patients, with potentially severe toxicities. Circulating anti-tumor T cells activated by ipilimumab may differ greatly from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes activated by intratumoral ipilimumab in phenotypes and functionality. The objective of this study was to primarily assess the safety of intratumoral ipilimumab/IL-2 combination and to obtain data on clinical efficacy. Results: There was no dose limiting toxicity. While local response of injected lesions was observed in 67% patients (95% CI, 40%-93%), an abscopal response was seen in 89% (95% CI, 68%-100%). The overall response rate and clinical benefit rate by immune-related response criteria (irRC) was 40% (95% CI, 10%-70%) and 50% (95% CI, 19%-81%), respectively. Enhanced systemic immune response was observed in most patients and correlated with clinical responses. Experimental Design: Twelve patients with unresectable stages III/IV melanoma were enrolled. A standard 3+3 design was employed to assess highest tolerable intratumoral dose of ipilimumab and IL-2 based on toxicity during the first three weeks. Escalated doses of ipilimumab was injected into only one lesion weekly for eight weeks in cohorts of three patients. A fixed dose of IL-2 was injected three times a week into the same lesion for two weeks, followed by two times a week for six weeks. Conclusions: Intratumoral injection with the combination of ipilimumab/IL-2 is well tolerated and generates responses in both injected and non-injected lesions in the majority of patients.
Abstract 2676: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition does not require transcriptional repression of the epithelial programin vivo

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process by which an epithelial cell loses its adhesion to neighboring cells and acquires a motile, fibroblast-like phenotype, is critical for many aspects of embryogenesis and has been strongly implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. EMT is thought to be primarily regulated at the transcriptional level through repression of epithelial genes by transcription factors such as Snail, Zeb and Twist. To date, the mechanisms driving EMT have been parsed out almost exclusively in vitro under pre-defined conditions (ie, using TGFβ as an EMT inducer), but it remains to be seen whether the machinery that regulates in vitro EMT is physiologically relevant. Using a lineage labeled mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we isolated tumor cells that have spontaneously undergone EMT to interrogate the molecular mechanisms driving this process in vivo. By comparing the transcriptomes of epithelial (E-cadherin+) and mesenchymal (E-cadherin-) tumor cells, we found that for a majority of PDAC tumors, EMT does not require transcriptional repression of the epithelial program. These cells were fully capable of upregulating a mesenchymal program, as evidenced by the increased expression of collagens, SPARC, MMP2, PDPN, and PRRX1; however, despite the loss of E-cadherin protein, we detected no change in transcript levels of E-cadherin or other epithelial genes after EMT. Our results suggest that in vivo, cells that undergo EMT retain epithelial gene transcription, which may confer the ability to rapidly oscillate between epithelial and mesenchymal states. Citation Format: Nicole M. Aiello, David Balli, Robert Norgard, Jinyang Li, Amine Sahmoud, Ben Z. Stanger. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition does not require transcriptional repression of the epithelial program in vivo . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2676.
Non-Hierarchical Aspects of the Internal Organization of the Enterprise: A Partial Survey in Comparative Perspective

It has become evident that one of the fundamental causes of the failure of socialist economies was the incompatibility of centralized national planning with efficient systems of information transfer and incentives. But will problems associated with the former centrally planned economies be resolved if the monolithic, single-peaked, hierarchy of the national planning apparatus is replaced by multiple hierarchies of management and control which will compete in the product market and whose entry and exit will be controlled by the capital market? If we turn our eyes to market economies we find a variety of forms of internal structure and governance of enterprises as well as differences in the degree and methods of control by the capital market. Why does such a variety exist, and what are its implications for efficiency? Will enterprises of different national, cultural, and historical origins eventually converge to the ideal economists’ model of a hierarchy exploiting economies of specialization, scope, and scale under the discipline of perfectly competitive markets?
Familism Is Associated With Psychological Well-Being and Physical Health: Main Effects and Stress-Buffering Effects

Familism is a core Latino value that emphasizes close family relationships and prioritizing of family before the self. Familism has implications for well-being and health, but it is not clear wheth...
ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS FOR EXCISION AND RESYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI: DNA POLYMERASE III ROLE?

ABSTRACT Measurements of in vivo rates of dimer excision in mutants of Escherichia coli suggest that polymerizing activity of DNA polymerase I is more important for efficient excision than any one 5′-3′ exonuclease activity and that polymerase III can promote excision in the absence of polymerase I. Studies of the resynthesis step of excision repair show that the long patch component of repair synthesis, which is presumably due to polymerase II and/or III, is UV-inducible and requires protein synthesis.
Stress and stability: applying the Anna Karenina principle to animal microbiomes.

All animals studied to date are associated with symbiotic communities of microorganisms. These animal microbiotas often play important roles in normal physiological function and susceptibility to disease; predicting their responses to perturbation represents an essential challenge for microbiology. Most studies of microbiome dynamics test for patterns in which perturbation shifts animal microbiomes from a healthy to a dysbiotic stable state. Here, we consider a complementary alternative: that the microbiological changes induced by many perturbations are stochastic, and therefore lead to transitions from stable to unstable community states. The result is an ‘Anna Karenina principle’ for animal microbiomes, in which dysbiotic individuals vary more in microbial community composition than healthy individuals—paralleling Leo Tolstoy's dictum that “all happy families look alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way”. We argue that Anna Karenina effects are a common and important response of animal microbiomes to stressors that reduce the ability of the host or its microbiome to regulate community composition. Patterns consistent with Anna Karenina effects have been found in systems ranging from the surface of threatened corals exposed to above-average temperatures, to the lungs of patients suffering from HIV/AIDs. However, despite their apparent ubiquity, these patterns are easily missed or discarded by some common workflows, and therefore probably underreported. Now that a substantial body of research has established the existence of these patterns in diverse systems, rigorous testing, intensive time-series datasets and improved stochastic modelling will help to explore their importance for topics ranging from personalized medicine to theories of the evolution of host–microorganism symbioses. This Perspective argues that Anna Karenina effects (that is, changes resulting in increased variation in community composition under stress) are a common and important response of animal microbiomes that have been under-reported.
Glial and neuroinflammatory targets for treating substance use disorders.

Background The plenary session at the 2016 Behavior, Biology and Chemistry: Translational Research in Addiction Conference focused on glia as potential players in the development, persistence and treatment of substance use disorders. Glia partake in various functions that are important for healthy brain activity. Drugs of abuse alter glial cell activity producing several perturbations in brain function that are thought to contribute to behavioral changes associated with substance use disorders. Consequently, drug-induced changes in glia-driven processes in the brain represent potential targets for pharmacotherapeutics treating substance use disorders.
High-throughput structural modeling of the HIV transmission bottleneck

After three decades of research on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a vaccine has yet to be discovered. Most theoretical and experimental work on HIV vaccines has focused on the relevant molecular interactions at systemic pH levels, but HIV is typically transmitted sexually at mucosal pH levels. We previously developed a computational approach for calculating pH-sensitivity which predicted optimal transmission at mucosal pH levels, and was validated by experimental electrophoretic measurements and envelope protein binding assays. We have recently augmented this approach using a unique combination of protein dynamical modeling, parallel computation, and data compression tools which enable high-throughput calculations. The resulting fully-automated pipeline was capable of predicting pH sensitivity for a recent study involving more than 250 unique HIV envelope proteins utilizing approximately 1 million individual electrostatic surface calculations. We provide strong evidence that supports the previous hypothesis of a computational approach to determining the pH sensitivity of HIV envelopes. Furthermore, a PCA-based indexing method is proposed that allows for a comparison of biomolecular structures in terms of electrostatic pH sensitivity. We utilize the results to predict highly transmissible HIV variants with implications for vaccine design and efficacy.
Electrical Reservoirs for Bilayer Excitons

The ground state of two-dimensional (2D) electron systems with equal low densities of electrons and holes in nearby layers is an exciton fluid. We show that a reservoir for excitons can be established by contacting the two layers separately and maintaining the chemical potential difference at a value less than the spatially indirect band gap, thereby avoiding the presence of free carriers in either layer. Equilibration between the exciton fluid and the contacts proceeds via a process involving virtual intermediate states in which an unpaired electron or hole virtually occupies a free carrier state in one of the 2D layers. We derive an approximate relationship between the exciton-contact equilibration rate and the electrical conductances between the contacts and individual 2D layers when the contact chemical potentials align with the free-carrier bands, and explain how electrical measurements can be used to measure thermodynamic properties of the exciton fluids.
Online Piracy in the Context of Routine Activities and Subjective Norms

Why do mainstream consumers who would not typically engage in illegal behaviour routinely resort to online piracy of copyrighted software? This paper provides answers to this research query by appl...
Stability and Flexibility in the Emergence of Adaptive Water Governance

One of the goals of adaptive governance is to increase management flexibility in the face of a changing social-ecological system. In contrast, one of the key functions of governance systems is to provide stability, predictability, and security for the people subject to that system. This chapter explores this adaptive governance paradox, focusing on the Klamath and Everglades case studies presented earlier in this volume—although the paradox arises in all of the case study river basins and indeed in most adaptive governance projects. It concludes that while the Everglades system has detrimentally privileged stability at the expense of flexibility and adaptability, the Klamath Basin system is showing signs that it may be able to appropriately balance stability and flexibility in its governance institutions to better address changing climatic, legal, and political realities.
Are fibre posts associated with the occurrence of prosthetic complications

Data sourcesThe Pubmed, Evidence-Based Dentistry, BMJ Clinical Evidence, EmbaseDynamed, and www.opengrey.eu databases and manual search of reference lists.Study selectionRandomised clinical trials (RCTs) were accepted if they had: participants with no periodontal disease and teeth restored with SCs or FDPs and compared fibre posts and other prosthetic systems and evaluated the prosthetic complications with a minimum observational period of 36 months.Data extraction and synthesisTitles and abstracts were evaluated independently by two reviewers, any disagreement was discussed with a third reviewer. The agreement for the two reviewers was 97%. The quality and the risk of bias of the studies included was assessed following the Cochrane Handbook considering the domains of randomisation, sample size, inclusion and exclusion criteria, follow-up achieved, blinding, withdrawing and groups' compatibility for quality assessment, and for the risk of bias the domains evaluated were allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessor and follow-up.ResultsThe database search yielded 4,230 records; after duplications removal, 3,670 records were reviewed independently by the authors, and four articles were chosen to include in the systematic review.The most frequently reported failures in the available studies were as follows: fibre post debonding, loss of retention of single crowns and marginal gaps. Less frequently, chippings and fractures were recorded in SCs. No studies about complications related to FDPs were found.The failure rate ranged from 0 to 28.2%.ConclusionsA correlation between the failure rates of fibre posts and the type of prosthetic restoration (SCs or FDPs ) cannot be found. Further RCTs are required to achieve evidence-based conclusions, particularly about the use of fibre posts with FDPs.
Photography Coupled with Self-Propagating Chemical Cascades: Differentiation and Quantitation of G- and V-Nerve Agent Mimics via Chromaticity.

Photography was employed for the quantitation and differentiation of G- and V-series nerve agent mimics with the use of self-propagating cascades. Fluoride anion and thiols, released from a G-nerve agent mimic (i.e., diisopropyl fluorophosphate) and a V-nerve agent mimic (i.e., demeton-S-methyl), respectively, were used to initiate self-propagating cascades that amplify fluorescence signals exponentially in a ratiometric manner. A homemade LEGO dark-box, a cell phone, and 96-well plates were employed to collect photographs of the fluorescence response to the analytes. The photographic images were digitally processed in the 1931 xyY color space using a watershed and morphological erosion algorithm to generate chromaticity vs concentration calibration curves. We show that the two different amplification routines are selective for their analyte class and thus successfully discriminated the G- and V-series nerve agent mimics. Further, accurate concentrations of the analytes are determined using the chromatici...
Review of Leverage for Good: An Introduction to the New Frontiers of Philanthropy and Social Investment

(2015). Review of Leverage for Good: An Introduction to the New Frontiers of Philanthropy and Social Investment. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 469-470.
Julia Kristeva’s ‘Mystery’ of the Subject in Process

So begins Possessions, a mystery novel from French poststructuralist philosopher and psychoanalyst, Julia Kristeva. A novel, this novel, is “autobiographical” (Kristeva, 1996a, p. 270), not only because elements connect to her own life story, but also because the form facilitates the therapeutic relationship.
Growth factor delivery for tissue engineering.

A tissue-engineered implant is a biologic-biomaterial combination in which some component of tissuehas been combined with a biomaterial to create a device for the restoration or modification of tissue ororgan function. Specific growth factors, released from a delivery device or from co-transplanted cells,would aid in the induction of host paraenchymal cell infiltration and improve engraftment of co-deliveredcells for more efficient tissue regeneration or ameliorate disease states. The characteristic properties ofgrowth factors are described to provide a biological basis for their use in tissue engineered devices. Theprinciples of polymeric device development for therapeutic growth factor delivery in the context of tissueengineering are outlined. A review of experimental evidence illustrates examples of growth factor deliveryfrom devices such as micropaticles, scaffolds, and encapsulated cells, for their use in the applicationareas of musculoskeletal tissue, neural tissue, and hepatic tissue.
Language and Medicine

Today’s lecture will be somewhat longer and more formal than usual, for reasons I hope will become apparent to you. Some years ago, a senior faculty member, who occupied an important position and who was a person for whom and for whose ideas I had considerable respect, was discussing the curriculum of this medical school with some other faculty members, including myself. He was trying to find the example par excellence of a subject irrelevant for the education of physicians. He did not know I had any special interest in language. Quite unmaliciously he hit upon what he considered to be the ideal example of irrelevance—the subject of linguistics. You know what it’s like, after such a conversation, to think of all the good things you might have said. In this lecture, I am among other things replying—belatedly—to my colleague. You shall be the judges whether or not it is likely even now that my reply would shake his conviction one whit.
Structural Analysis of NF-κB and IκB Proteins

By binding specifically to DNA sequences found within their enhancer elements, transcription factors of the NF-κB family activate the expression of genes involved in cellular immunity, inflammation, development, and apoptosis. The maintenance of proper cellular function requires the tight control of NF-κB levels. Regulation of NF-κB is accomplished primarily through its association with members of the IκB family of transcription factor inhibitor proteins. Structural characterization of various NF-κB dimers in complex with target site DNA, IκB inhibitor proteins, and an in vitro selected RNA aptamer reveals how conformational rearrangements of the versatile NF-κB molecule accommodate high affinity binding to different partners. The relative mobility of three structural and functional units permits large conformational changes in NF-κB without changing the DNA binding surfaces. The structures of NF-κB bound to IκBα and IκBβ further illustrate how some of the disordered elements of these proteins become ordered and participate in the formation of these complexes.
Wednesday, September 26, 2018 9:00 AM – 10:00 AM Best Papers: 2. Do cervical spine surgery patients recall their preoperative status? A cohort study of recall bias in patient-reported outcomes

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Surgery for cervical degenerative myelopathy or radiculopathy focuses on addressing pain and disability while improving the patients’ quality of life. Although patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are being widely adopted, their ability to be interpreted may be limited by the accuracy of a patient's ability to recall preintervention impairment. PURPOSE Recall bias has been previously investigated in multiple orthopedic and lumbar spine studies, but recall accuracy in cervical spine patients remains unknown. We sought to characterize the accuracy of patient recall as a function of time on validated outcomes after cervical spine surgery. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective review of prospectively collected outcomes. PATIENT SAMPLE Consecutive series of patients undergoing cervical spine surgery for myelopathy or radiculopathy. OUTCOME MEASURES Numeric pain scale, neck disability index. METHODS We analyzed a consecutive series of patients undergoing cervical spine surgery for degenerative myelopathy or radiculopathy at a single institution. Using standardized questionnaires, we recorded preoperative neck and arm numeric pain scores (NPS), neck disability indices (NDI) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Patients were asked to recall their preoperative status through a standardized phone call script and were subsequently stratified based on the timing of their recall into short-term ( 1 year) follow-up sub-groups. Actual and recalled scores were compared using McNemar's or paired t tests, and relations were quantified using Pearson correlation coefficients. Characteristics between the subgroups were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests, t-tests, chi-square tests, or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate. RESULTS Seventy-three patients with a mean age of 58.2 years (range 22 to 83 years) were included, with 34 and 39 patients in the short-term and long-term follow-up subgroups patients respectively. The mean period of recall from surgery was 4.6 months and 22.2 months for the short-term and long-term follow-up subgroups respectively. Compared to the preoperative scores, patients showed significant improvement in neck NPS (mean difference [MD]=−2.9, 95% CI −3.5 to −2.3), arm NPS (MD −3.4, 95% CI −4.0 to −2.8), and NDI (MD −12.4%, 95% CI −16.9 to −7.9). Patient recollection of preoperative status was more severe than actual for neck NPS (MD +1.5, p CONCLUSIONS Relying on retrospectively recalled data for outcome assessment does not provide an accurate measure of preoperative status. Prospective collection of PROs remains the gold standard to measure outcomes following cervical spine surgery. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
HUMAN ACTIVITY CLASSIFICATION INCORPORATING EGOCENTRIC VIDEO AND INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT DATA

Many methods have been proposed for human activity classification, which rely either on Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data or data from static cameras watching subjects. There have been relatively less work using egocentric videos, and even fewer approaches combining egocentric video and IMU data. Systems relying only on IMU data are limited in the complexity of the activities that they can detect. In this paper, we present a robust and autonomous method, for fine-grained activity classification, that leverages data from multiple wearable sensor modalities to differentiate between activities, which are similar in nature, with a level of accuracy that would be impossible by each sensor alone. We use both egocentric videos and IMU sensors on the body. We employ Capsule Networks together with Convolutional Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) to analyze egocentric videos, and an LSTM framework to analyze IMU data, and capture temporal aspect of actions. We performed experiments on the CMU-MMAC dataset achieving overall recall and precision rates of 85.8% and 86.2%, respectively. We also present results of using each sensor modality alone, which show that the proposed approach provides 19.47% and 39.34% increase in accuracy compared to using only ego-vision data and only IMU data, respectively.
Regional Catheters for Outpatient Surgery—a Comprehensive Review

This review summarizes and discusses the history of continuous catheter blockade (CCB), its current applications, clinical considerations, economic benefits, potential complications, patient education, and best practice techniques. Regional catheters for outpatient surgery have greatly impacted acute post-operative pain management and recovery. Prior to development, options for acute pain management were limited to the use of opioid pain medications, NSAIDS, neuropathic agents, and the like as local anesthetic duration of action is limited to 4–8 h. Moreover, delivery of opioids post-operatively has been associated with respiratory and central nervous depression, development of opioid use disorder, and many other potential adverse effects. CCB allows for faster recovery time, decreased rates of opioid abuse, and better pain control in patients post-operatively. Outpatient surgical settings continue to focus on efficiency, quality, and safety, including strategies to prevent post-operative nausea, vomiting, and pain. Regional catheters are a valuable tool and help achieve all of the well-established endpoints of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). CCB is growing in popularity with wide indications for a variety of surgeries, and has demonstrated improved patient satisfaction, outcomes, and reductions in many unwanted adverse effects in the outpatient setting.
Hybrid Solver Via Equivalence Principle Algorithm

The challenges of predicting wireless device performance may be addressed by constructing hybrid solutions with rigorous models around sensitive regions and approximate methods over electrically-large smooth structures. The surface equivalence principle supports constructing multiple scattering problems with per-domain scattering algorithms, but discretization over electrically large surfaces is prohibitively expensive. A Schur complement applied to the equations expresses a generalized hybrid method with clear physical interpretation. An example case with results is presented.
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-induced nephropathy: An under-recognized phenomenon.

Abstract BCR-ABL TKIs are the standard-of-care treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). While several side-effects of these TKIs are well-known or included on the FDA label, renal adverse drug reactions are not. We recently observed 2 patients with proteinuria and acute kidney injury (AKI) not attributable to other causes that resolved once stopping the BCR-ABL TKI they were receiving. Further investigation into renal ADRs and pre-disposing factors, the impact of dose and duration of treatment on frequency of ADRs, and the extent and permanence of sequelae would help hematologists/oncologists select the best therapy and monitor for ADRs in high-risk patients.
Robotic target following with slow and delayed visual feedback

Following rapidly and precisely a moving target has become the core functionality in robotic systems for transportation, manufacturing, and medical devices. Among existing targeting following methods, vision-based tracking continues to thrive as one of the most popular, and is the closest method to human perception. However, the low sampling rate and the time delays of visual outputs fundamentally hinder real-time applications. In this paper, we show the potential of significant performance gain in vision-based target following when partial knowledge of the target dynamics is available. Specifically, we propose a new framework with Kalman filters and multi-rate model-based prediction (1) to reconstruct fast-sampled 3D target position and velocity data, and (2) to compensate the time delay. Along the path, we study the impact of slow sampling and the delay duration, and we experimentally verify different algorithms with a robot manipulator equipped with an eye-in-hand camera. The results show that our approach can achieve 95% error reduction rate compared with the commonly used visual servoing technique, when the target is moving with high speed and the visual measurements are slow and incapable of providing timely information.
Cell-bound nanoparticles for tissue targeting and immunotherapy: Engineering of the particle–membrane interface

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed as vehicles for delivering a variety of payloads including small molecules, nucleic acids, and proteins. To overcome the non-specific biodistribution of nanomaterials and target specific sites in vivo, there has been a surge of interest in using autologous cells as NP carriers. To design cell– NP constructs for active targeting, an understanding of the physicochemical interactions that underline NP adhesion, detachment, and uptake is necessary. In this article, we critically analyze the various properties that affect cell–nanomaterial interactions. We describe how physical properties of the cellular plasma membrane such as curvature, membrane tension, and lipid composition affect the attachment of NPs. We discuss the effect of NP properties including size, shape, stiffness, and chemical composition as well as the environmental conditions on the cell–NP interactions. We conclude with an overview of recent applications of cell–NP constructs including cellular hitchhiking, backpacking, and responsive surface attachment for drug delivery.
Is the Us Population Behaving Healthier

In the past few decades, some measures of population risk have improved, while others have deteriorated. Understanding the health of the population requires integrating these different trends. We compare the risk factor profile of the population in the early 1970s with that of the population in the early 2000s and consider the impact of a continuation of recent trends. Despite substantial increases in obesity in the past three decades, the overall population risk profile is healthier now than it was formerly. For the population aged 25-74, the 10 year probability of death fell from 9.8 percent in 1971-75 to 8.4 percent in 1999-2002. Among the population aged 55-74, the 10 year risk of death fell from 25.7 percent to 21.7 percent. The largest contributors to these changes were the reduction in smoking and better control of blood pressure. Increased obesity increased risk, but not by as large a quantitative amount. In the future, however, increased obesity may play a larger role than continued reductions in smoking. We estimate that a continuation of trends over the past three decades to the next three decades might offset about a third of the behavioral improvements witnessed in recent years.
Thermorheological approach to predict long-term creep of cement mortar from short-term tests

Creep is a long-term deformation that can cause redistribution of stresses, large deformations, and prestress or post-tensioning losses in prestressed or post-tensioned structures, respectively. A major challenge in quantifying the effect of creep in such structures is that creep of concrete is known to continue for decades. In this paper, we examine the time-temperature superposition principle as a method to predict long-term basic creep of mature portland cement mortar from short-term creep experiments conducted at multiple elevated temperatures. For this purpose, we design a unique, miniature version of the standardized concrete creep frame to be amenable to placing in climatic chambers. We use Bažant’s B4 model to verify that the drying creep component of the measured creep behavior is negligible in comparison to the basic creep component. We develop a basic creep compliance master curve for nearly 60 years of deformation at 20 °C using experimental creep data obtained at higher temperatures for test durations of 600 days.
What’s Among and Between Us: Mining the Arts for Pedagogies of Deep Relation

In this paper, I share results of collaborative inquiry with youth and teachers into how the arts can create more relational learning spaces in the classroom. I offer a framework for relational teaching and learning through the arts guided by the questions: Who am I? Who are you? And who are we? Through these dimensions, I explore how arts-based practice can support new ways of being in the classroom, where teaching creates conditions for students to be “among and between”: in relation to the material, the teacher, and importantly, to themselves, to each other, and to the world around them.
Reduction of Stall-Spin Entry Tendencies Through Wing Aerodynamic Design

Results of recent wind tunnel tests and analyses are described which are aimed at helping to prevent spin entry after a stall by modifications to the aircraft wing. Simple add-on devices were utilized which modify the shape of the lift curve after stall, making it essentially flat to 30- 40 degree angle of attack. It is hypothesized that his will greatly reduce the danger of spin entry. Further research will be aimed at laying a firmer theoretical and analytical basis for the approach and at incorporating the complete full scale airplane and its dynamics into the problem.
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF SUCKLING MIRRORED BY COLLAGEN CHANGES IN ENDOMETRIUM. V. EXTRACELLULAR STUDIES OF UTERUS.

Abstract The retarding influence of suckling on the rate of regeneration of thick collagen bundles in rat endometrial stroma was observed. The findings in the endometria of rats, each of which suckled 14 young from the time of parturition until weaning or autopsy, are reported. These studies began immediately after parturition at which time the endometrium is essentially free of thick, dense collagen bundles. As long as suckling is continued no new, thick, multifibrillated collagen bundles appear in the endometrial stroma and the whole uterus continues to atrophy. During lactation the uteri appear similar to those of rats castrated on the day of parturition and then injected daily with progesterone. Shortly after weaning the endometrial stroma of the mother's uterus becomes increasingly fibrous. By 3 weeks after weaning thick, dense, multifibrillated collagen bundles permeate almost the entire endometrial stroma. When compared with the collagen bundle regeneration in the endometria of nonlactating postparturient rats, there is a time lag before similar endometrial regeneration occurs in lactating mothers. This time lag represents the period, from parturition to weaning, during which estrous cycles are absent.
Semaphorin-mediated neuronal growth cone guidance.

Publisher Summary The semaphorin family contains a large number of phylogenetically conserved proteins and includes several members that have been shown to function in repulsive axon guidance. The importance of repulsive cues in path finding and target selection has now been firmly established at the cellular and molecular levels. Semaphorin III (Sema III) is a secreted protein that in vitro causes neuronal growth cone collapse and chemorepulsion of neurites, and in vivo is required for correct sensory afferent innervations and other aspects of development. The mechanism of Sema III function, however, is unknown. This chapter reviews experiments demonstrating that neuropilin- 1, a type I transmembrane protein implicated in aspects of neurodevelopment, is a Sema III receptor or component of a receptor complex. Neuropilin-1 is the founding member of a gene family, including neuropilin-2, a related protein that is expressed in overlapping, yet distinct, populations of neurons in rat embryonic nervous system. These experiments suggest that the neuropilins play a critical role in imparting specificity to the action of semaphorins during neurodevelopment. In addition, evidence is accumulating that transmembrane semaphorins also play essential roles in peripheral and CNS axon guidance events. Drosophila semaphorin I (D-Sema I) is a transmembrane protein that in vivo is required for motor and central nervous system (CNS) axon guidance events. Genetic experiments in Drosophila strongly suggest that D-Sema I also can function as a repulsive guidance cue.
Detection of Rhagoletis indifferens (Dipt., Tephritidae) larvae using brown sugar flotation and hot water methods

The brown sugar flotation and hot water methods are accepted procedures for detecting larval western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, in sweet cherry [Prunus avium (L.) L.] and could be included in a systems approach, a combination of all steps involved in cherry production, for showing the absence of larvae in fruit. The methods require crushing cherries and then submerging them in brown sugar solution or hot water to extract the larvae. Larvae are visually detected when they float to the surface of the brown sugar solution or sink in the hot water. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of these two methods. Both methods detected at least one larva in all 288 moderately to heavily infested cherry samples. The brown sugar flotation and hot water methods detected 89.6–94.7% and 83.0–85.9% of total larvae, respectively, from cherry samples on each of three dates. Significantly higher percentages of 1st instars were detected using the brown sugar than hot water method on two dates, of 3rd instars on one date and of total larvae on two dates. Percent detection of 3rd instars was higher than that of 1st instars using both methods. For both methods, greater percentages of split whole cherries with seeds and non-split cherries had larvae than split whole cherries with no seeds and halved cherries. Results show that both methods were equally efficacious in detecting the presence of R. indifferens larvae in cherry samples, but brown sugar flotation was more efficacious than the hot water method in detecting a higher percentage of total larvae present and could be integrated into a systems approach for R. indifferens.