cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular pathogenesis of Coxiella burnetii in a genomics era.

: The agent of acute and chronic Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, occupies a unique niche among intracellular pathogens. The mechanisms the organism employs to cause disease are unclear but involve persistence in a parasitophorous vacuole and the subsequent host response. Studies designed to model molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis have relied upon indirect evidence for testing the role of virulence factors since methods for generation of defined mutations have not been developed. Evidence suggests replication involving a developmental lifecycle is critical for intra- and extracellular survival but this cycle is incompletely defined. It has been proposed that survival in the phagolysosomal-like parasitophorous vacuole requires specific iron uptake systems, secretion of enzymes to detoxify the compartment (catalase and SOD), and down-regulation of an oxidative burst (acid phosphatase). Studies to test these potential virulence mechanisms can be accelerated with the recent development of the complete genome sequence for the prototype acute disease isolate, Nine Mile. Proteins differentially expressed during the developmental cycle can more readily be identified with MALDI-TOF description of proteomic profiles. Genes encoding secreted Cu/Zn SOD, catalase, and acid phosphatase are predicted and can be tested for function and expression. An iron regulon is predicted based upon Fur-regulated open reading frames. The specific role the iron-regulated genes play in iron acquisition can be tested. Confirmation of the iron regulon and others can be tested using microarrays based upon the genomic ORF predictions. These are examples of how we are rapidly changing the experimental approaches used to investigate C. burnetii to improve our understanding of the biology of this unusual and highly adapted organism.
Perturbation analysis of clad parabolic-index waveguides

A first-order perturbation technique is used to obtain the eigenfunction correction due to the cladding in a square-law dielectric waveguide. Regions both near to and far from cut-off are considered separately. It is shown that far from cut-off the fractional power carried by the guide core increases over that in the homogeneous case but that near cut-off the power in the core is less than in a homogeneous guide. Thus the stability of the modal power with variation of wavelength is increased over that in a homogeneous guide.
Novel Ka-band IR Controlled Dielectric Image Guide Components

We have developed a variety of Ka-band passive components based on dielectric image guide line and investigated their coupling to different types of resonators. The effect of the resonator material was studied and various samples were fabricated using silicon and ferrite substrates. Semiconductor materials proved useful for developing tunable components such as power dividers, filters, attenuators and couplers. As a proof of concept, we carried out our experiments in the range of 26 to 35 GHz, but these concepts can be easily extended to sub-mm wave frequencies as well. Both simulated and measured results will be presented here.
Bolt Bearing Strength of Commingled Boron/Glass Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Laminates

The bearing properties of recently developed hybrid fiber/metal laminates, or COmmingled Boron/glass fiber Reinforced Aluminum laminates (COBRA), are investigated in this study. The bolt-type bearing tests on GLass REinforced aluminum laminates (GLARE), non-commingled hybrid boron/glass/aluminum fiber/metal laminates (HFML) and COBRA were carried out as a function of e/D ratio, metal volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and fiber orientation.Experimental results show that with the same joint geometry and metal volume fraction, the commingling of boron fibers improves the bearing strength of fiber/metal laminates. The bearing strength of COBRA with longitudinal fibers is lower than that with transverse fibers due to the fact that shearout failure takes place before maximum bearing strength is reached. The experimental results show that, with only either transverse fiber orientation or longitudinal fiber orientation, COBRA with 18% boron fiber volume fraction possesses a higher bearing strength when compared to HFML with 6% boron fiber volume fraction. In addition to the properties in COBRA with parallel-plies commingled prepreg, the bearing properties of various COBRA with [0°/90°] and [0°/90°/90°/0°] cross-ply commingled prepregs are also discussed.© 2012 ASME
Sigma receptors as potential therapeutic targets for neuroprotection

Sigma receptors comprise a unique family of proteins that have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of many central nervous system disorders, consistent with their high level of expression in the brain and spinal cord. Mounting evidence indicate that targeting sigma receptors may be particularly beneficial in a number of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer׳s disease, Parkinson׳s disease, stroke, methamphetamine neurotoxicity, Huntington׳s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and retinal degeneration. In this perspective, a brief overview is given on sigma receptors, followed by a focus on common mechanisms of neurodegeneration that appear amenable to modulation by sigma receptor ligands to convey neuroprotective effects and/or restorative functions. Within each of the major mechanisms discussed herein, the neuroprotective effects of sigma ligands are summarized, and when known, the specific sigma receptor subtype(s) involved are identified. Together, the literature suggests sigma receptors may provide a novel target for combatting neurodegenerative diseases through both neuronal and glial mechanisms.
SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE INCIDENCE OF THE CORPORATION INCOME TAX (Discussion)

PROFESSOR SHOUP'S PAPER seems to me to be a very useful and realistic treatment of the incidence of the corporation income tax. His emphasis on oligopoly and price leadership and on ignorance, uncertainty, multiple products, and common costs offers the best explanation of the possibility of short-run shifting. By dropping some of the simplifying assumptions that economists have usually made, Professor Shoup shows that businessmen have some basis for their repeated assertions that short-run shifting does occur. In discussing long-run shifting, he makes the important point that this process may be much quicker than is commonly assumed, especially in times of prosperity. Our understanding of the shifting process is also improved by Professor Shoup's comments on the significance of the height of the tax rate before it is increased, the price-tax ratio, and carry-backs and carryforwards of net operating losses. The following remarks relate to only a few of the many interesting aspects of the paper. i. Professor Shoup notes that "complete shifting" of a profits tax is a somewhat ambiguous concept. He prefers to define it as a price rise equal to the amount of tax payable on the new equilibrium output divided by the number of units sold at the new price. This definition is parallel to that usually applied to specific sales or production taxes. Might it not be more revealing, however, to say that a profits tax is completely shifted if producers remaining in the industry realize the same after-tax rate of profit on capital or sales as before the tax was raised? This definition, I think, would tell more about the stability of the new equilibrium and perhaps also more about the real "burden" of the tax. 2. One interesting situation discussed by Professor Shoup is that in which producers hold down prices for the purpose of keeping out new firms. If the corporation income tax is increased, the price leader may consider it safe to raise prices. It is a matter of common observation that, acting on this or other motives, many manufacturers have
Cocaine inhibits mating-induced, but not human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated, ovulation in the rabbit.

The effects of cocaine on ovulation and corpus luteum function were investigated in New Zealand White rabbits. Forty females were randomly assigned to control and cocaine-treated groups. Controls were given vehicle s.c. daily for 5 days and cocaine-treated rabbits received 40 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride s.c. daily for 5 days. One hour after the last cocaine dose, half the control and half of the cocaine-treated groups were mated with fertile males and the other half of each group received hCG i.v. Serial blood samples were obtained over 4 h on the day of mating or hCG treatment (Day 0), and then at intervals from Days 1-18. No mated, cocaine-treated rabbits ovulated, vs. 6 of 10 controls (chi-square: p = 0.01). In contrast, all animals given hCG had comparable numbers of corpora lutea (control: 7.1 +/- 0.8; cocaine: 5.7 +/- 0.8). Peak levels of benzoylecgonine (the major cocaine metabolite) occurred between 180 and 240 min after cocaine administration. In cocaine-treated animals that were mated, Day 0 serum LH (repeated measures MANOVA, p less than 0.01) and FSH (p less than 0.03) concentrations were lower than those in pregnant controls. Serum LH and FSH levels for all hCG recipients (cocaine-treated and control) did not differ. Serum prolactin concentrations in mated, pregnant rabbits were higher than in all other groups; cocaine treatment did not affect this hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Graphite Landau Levels in the Presence of Trigonal Warping

The Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition is applied to calculate the Landau levels in graphite in the presence of trigonal warping. The off-axis extrema arising from the trigonal warping result in unequally spaced leg and central electron and hole Landau levels which can be supported between two cut-off energies. Application to the de Haas-van Alphen effect and to interband Landau level transitions is discussed.
The association of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and bacterial translocation in the newborn rabbit☆

The authors have previously demonstrated spontaneous bacterial translocation (BT) in newborn rabbits and its resolution with aging. It is hypothesized that this spontaneous BT was associated with an immature gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The aim of the present study was to characterize the cellular populations of the GALT in rabbits at various ages and to correlate this with the frequency of BT. Small bowel (SB) sections and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were harvested and cultured (aerobically) from New Zealand White rabbits at 0, 6, 14, 28, and more than 90 days of age for determination of bacterial colonization (BC) and BT. Portions of ileum (n = 6 for each age) were simultaneously harvested for immunoperoxidase staining. Total T cells (CDS+), expressed as the number of positive cells/1000 nuclei and activated T cells (CD25+), expressed as the number of positive cells/1000 nuclei and as the ratio of CD25+/CD5+ cells, were analyzed for each tissue. Positive cells were counted in 30 villi by light microscopy. The incidence of BT rose as BC increased in the small bowel and peaked at 6 days of age; BT then decreased with age. CD5+ cells in the small bowel villi at 0 days of age were few (2.5 positive cells/1000 nuclei) and the number significantly increased with age (6 days, 6.5; 14 days, 19.0; 28 days, 31.6; adult, 136.6 positive cells/1,000 nuclei). The distribution of T cells started in the crypts, and with advancing age, cells were found all the way to the top of the villi. The number of CD25+ cells in the villi increased with age. The CD25+/CD5+ ratio in the small bowel villi peaked at 6 days of age. These results demonstrate an inverse relationship between the number of CD5+ cells in the intestinal villi and the incidence of bacterial translocation. The elevation of activated T cells (CD25+) at 6 days of age may be the result of an immunologic activation during the time of peak bacterial translocation. These data suggest that maturity of the GALT leads to a loss of spontaneous bacterial translocation in the newborn period. Modalities that supplement the GALT may help reduce bacterial translocation.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) knockout mice exhibit enhanced acquisition of an aversive, but not of an appetitive, Barnes maze task.

It is well established that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of the CB1 receptor disrupts extinction learning in aversive conditioning tasks, but not in appetitive tasks. Consistent with these findings is that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary catabolic enzyme of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA), accelerates acquisition as well as extinction in aversive conditioning tasks. However, it is unknown whether FAAH blockade will affect acquisition in an appetitive conditioning task. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed FAAH (−/−) and (+/+) mice in appetitive and aversive Barnes maze conditioning procedures. Here we report that FAAH (−/−) mice displayed accelerated acquisition rates in an aversively-motivated, but not in the appetitively-motivated, Barnes maze task. The CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant attenuated enhanced acquisition in the aversive procedure, consistent with the idea that elevated AEA levels mediate this apparent nootropic effect. These findings support the hypothesis that stimulation of the endocannabinoid system enhances learned behavior in aversive, but not appetitive, conditioning paradigms.
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Speaker Panels Lead to Attitude Change Among Heterosexual College Students

The contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) suggests that a speaker panel intervention may be effective in reducing prejudice toward sexual minorities among heterosexual individuals. Addressing methodological limitations of prior studies, the present study compared the effects of a speaker panel presentation versus a control condition in altering attitudes among 186 heterosexual university students. After controlling for context effects by collecting attitude measures presumably as part of a separate study, we found that students who received the speaker panel intervention generally demonstrated more positive attitudes afterward.
Operation of the Tevatron Six-Kilometer-Long Transfer Line

The Tevatron transfer line consists of twenty-six 250-meter sections interconnected with vacuum jacketed U-tubes forming a loop. Each section carries a supercritical helium line and a subcooled liquid nitrogen shield with an expansion joint in the middle of the run. The Tevatron refrigeration system is based on the concept of a Central Helium Liquefier providing liquid to twentyfour satellite refrigerators operating as amplifiers with a flow gain of 12 and providing 966 watts per unit. Both from the standpoint of system reliability and ease of installation, debug and startup, it was decided to build a complete transfer line loop starting at the Central Liquefier and returning to it. This loop consists of twenty-six independent sections; each is interconnected to the next by a pair of vacuum jacketed U-tubes with a branch tap to the local refrigerator. This system permits the loss of any one section and still maintains all twenty-four refrigerators operating by feeding a portion of the loop in reverse. This report describes the cross section of the transfer line, the expansion and bayonet cans at each end, and the U-tubes which connect the various sections and provide branch taps to the refrigerator and magnet systems, as well asmore » other minor components of the cooling system. Specifications, materials, and schematics are provided.« less
The Potential Role of Diffusion-Induced Grain-Boundary Migration in Extended Life Prediction

The selection of materials that are suitable for various high-level waste-packaging designs must reflect the need to meet requirements for long-term performance in repository environments that change with time. With this in mind, we examine how grain boundaries in materials are induced to migrate as a result of solute diffusion even at low temperatures, how the composition of the matrix material is changed significantly by this diffusion-induced grain boundary migration (DIGM), and how the changing microstructures and compositions during DIGM lead to major changes in materials performance, such as corrosion or embrittlement. Methods are discussed for prediction of the long-term behavior of materials affected by DIGM.
Selective proliferation of T cells in the mixed lymphocyte interaction.

Abstract The contribution of avian thymus-derived (T) and bursa-derived (B 2 ) cells to the proliferating cell population in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) was evaluated. When spleen cells of chickens containing chromosomally marked T and B 2 cells were stimulated in a one-way MLC by mitomycin C blocked allogeneic spleen cells, only T cells proliferated during a 4–9 day culture period. No evidence for significant recruitment of B 2 cells, expressed as proliferation of B 2 cells, was found. The initial viability and proliferative potential of B 2 cells was shown by a substantial and selective B 2 cell response to anti-immunoglobulin serum.
Shock accompanying myocardial infarction: Treatment with pressor amines

Abstract 1.1. Shock accompanying myocardial infarction is associated with a mortality of approximately 80 per cent. 2.2. Pressor amines were administered to eighteen patients in shock accompanying myocardial infarction. ∗ Mephentermine (Wyamine), in a preliminary study, was found to be a safe effective pressor substance with little direct effect upon myocardial irritability in the doses employed. Seventeen patients were treated with mephentermine (three also received ephedrine) and one received ephedrine alone. 3.3. A pressor response was produced in sixteen patients. Fourteen emerged from the shock state with marked clinical improvement for more than two days. However, seven succumbed to secondary complications two to twenty-six days later. Seven patients recovered sufficiently to be discharged from the hospital. 4.4. Pressor therapy did not produce congestive failure in patients not previously in failure, nor did it aggravate pre-existing failure. 5.5. The use of pressor amines in the treatment of shock accompanying myocardial infarction appears to rest upon a firm clinical basis.
Traumatic aortic dissection associated with riding a roller coaster

Sir, We report a case of traumatic aortic dissection in a patient immediately after riding a roller coaster in which there were periods of rapid acceleration and deceleration over a short time span. A 34-year-oldmale with a history of poorly controlled hypertension and diabetes mellitus, complicated by chronic renal disease, developed suddenonset chest pain promptly following a ride on a roller coaster at a popular amusement park. The roller coaster had a top speed of 120 miles per hour with an initial rapid acceleration followed 17s later by an abrupt deceleration. He went home immediately afterward and treated himself with over-the-counter pain medications. His chest pain worsened over the next 2 days, and he subsequently presented to a local emergency department for evaluation. A computed tomographic scan of his chest identified a dissection of his ascending aorta extending into the arch with an accompanying dissection flap in the descending aorta [Figure 1]. He was transferred to our institution, expeditiously evaluated, and emergently taken to surgery. He underwent replacement of the ascending aorta and hemiarch with a 26-mm Hemashield (Maquet Corporation, Rastatt, Germany) tube graft under general anesthesia with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The surgical time was 5 h. Total blood products transfused consisted of only one unit of pooled platelets. His post-operative course was uncomplicated, aside from issues with blood pressure control. He was discharged home after operationon day 12 and remains well.
Heart Muscle as a Reaction–Diffusion Medium: The Roles of Electric Potential Diffusion, Activation Front Curvature, and Anisotropy

This tutorial, the third in a series about electrical dynamics in the heart, reviews laboratory experiments and numerical experiments about a reaction–diffusion partial-differential equation model commonly used to interpret electrophysiological propagation in normal heart muscle. It aims to sort out ostensibly contradictory impressions competing in current literature about the nature, magnitude, and dynamical consequences of activation front curvature within such a uniformly anisotropic tissue, insofar as such idealizations represent normal heart muscle. It is shown that activation fronts do not generally propagate along the perpendicular, and do not attach perpendicularly to no-flux boundaries, and that "critical radius" is a tricky concept except in isotropic media. Much is found to depend, even qualitatively, on the numerical value of the electric diffusion coefficient for normal heart muscle, to which values spanning two orders of magnitude are imputed in the literature. A "correct" value is tentatively identified which seems to lie securely inside the continuum range, so things are rather simpler than they may have appeared (except in diverse cases of unspecifiable abnormality in living specimens and in models). This tutorial is intended as much to provoke inquiry as to lay it to rest: The reader looking for solvable problems will find many unsolved here, with a rich current reference list leading to more.
The Phospholipase C Inhibitor U73122 Attenuates trans-10, cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling and Insulin Resistance in Human Adipocytes

We have demonstrated that trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (18:2t10,c12)-mediated delipidation of human adipocytes was dependent on increased intracellular calcium and activation of inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. These data are consistent with the actions of diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate derived from phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent cell signaling. To test the hypothesis that PLC was an upstream activator of these cellular responses to 18:2t10,c12, primary cultures of human adipocytes were pretreated with 1-[6-((17β-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5 (10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"U73122","term_id":"4098075","term_text":"U73122"}}U73122), a universal PLC inhibitor, followed by 18:2t10,c12 treatment. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"U73122","term_id":"4098075","term_text":"U73122"}}U73122 attenuated 18:2t10,c12-mediated insulin resistance within 48 h and suppression of the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, insulin-stimulated glucose transporter-4, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and the protein levels of PPARγ within 18–24 h. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"U73122","term_id":"4098075","term_text":"U73122"}}U73122 inhibited 18:2t10,c12-mediated induction of the inflammatory-related genes calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-β, cyclooxygenase-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, and the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and c-Jun within 18–24 h. Moreover, 18:2t10,c12 increased the mRNA levels of heat shock proteins within 6–24 h and intracellular calcium concentrations within 3 min, which were inhibited by {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"U73122","term_id":"4098075","term_text":"U73122"}}U73122. Lastly, 18:2t10,c12 increased the abundance of PLCγ1 in the plasma membrane within 3 min. Taken together, these data suggest that PLC plays an important role in 18:2t10,c12-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes.
Epidemiology of bloodstream infection in nursing home residents: evaluation in a large cohort from multiple homes.

This study sought to reevaluate the epidemiology of bloodstream infection in nursing home residents. The records of 166 nursing home residents admitted to an urban, public, university-affiliated hospital with 169 episodes of bloodstream infection between January 1997 and April 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (27% of isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (18%; 29% were methicillin-resistant strains), and Proteus mirabilis (13%). There was minimal resistance to quinolones and third-generation cephalosporins among aerobic gram-negative bacilli. The most common sources were the urinary tract (51% of episodes) and the lungs (11%); a source was not identified in 22% of episodes. Hospital mortality was 18%. Independent predictors of hospital mortality were a pulmonary source of infection, systolic blood pressure 20,000 cells/mm3. Compared with other studies published in the past 2 decades, mortality was lower. The most common resistant organism was methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
Relationships between coastal tourism and ICM sustainability in the central Visayas region of the Philippines

Abstract As part of the Integrated Coastal Management Sustainability Research Project (ICMSRP), this study investigated the relationship between tourism and the success and sustainability of processes initiated by one ICM project in particular, the Central Visayas Regional Project (CVRP). CVRP is widely regarded as the first major externally funded coastal management project to take on a community-based, yet integrated, approach to rural development and resource management in the Philippines. CVRP was implemented by the World Bank from 1984–1992 across 16 coastal municipalities. Such a large and geographically widespread integrated coastal management project is bound to have site specific variances due to the presence or absence of certain community characteristics as well as differences between project personnel. It is these local variations that can have differential impacts on the sustainability of integrated coastal management planning and implementation. This paper focuses on the impacts of local variation in one community level variable (intensity of tourism). By looking for variation in impacts within one project (CVRP) across 23 sites, we are controlling the differences of overall project design while examining the impacts of differences in local context. Data analysis revealed that the presence of coastal tourism had a positive relationship with the compliance and access indicator, but a negative relationship with both the quality of life indicator and activities sustained indicator, warranting a more thorough investigation of the costs and benefits associated with coastal tourism activities.
Real-time closed-world tracking

A real-time tracking algorithm that uses contextual information is described. The method is capable of simultaneously tracking multiple, non-rigid objects when erratic movement and object collisions are common. A closed-world assumption is used to adaptively select and weight image features used for correspondence. Results of algorithm testing and the limitations of the method are discussed. The algorithm has been used to track children in an interactive, narrative playspace.
Major Life Event Extraction from Twitter based on Congratulations/Condolences Speech Acts

Social media websites provide a platform for anyone to describe significant events taking place in their lives in realtime. Currently, the majority of personal news and life events are published in a textual format, motivating information extraction systems that can provide a structured representations of major life events (weddings, graduation, etc. . . ). This paper demonstrates the feasibility of accurately extracting major life events. Our system extracts a fine-grained description of users’ life events based on their published tweets. We are optimistic that our system can help Twitter users more easily grasp information from users they take interest in following and also facilitate many downstream applications, for example realtime friend recommendation.
Adolescent-Onset Substance Use Disorders Predict Young Adult Mortality

This study determined whether adolescent-onset substance use disorders (SUDs) prospectively predicted early mortality. Among 870 adolescents, 21 young adulthood deaths were observed. Adolescent SUDs, as well as gender, ethnic group, hazardous substance use, and drug trafficking, predicted these deaths. Among African American males with SUDs, 23% died by age 25.
Forearm pyomyositis in a breast cancer patient on chemotherapy

Summary Pyomyositis, a pyogenic infection of the muscle, is an uncommon diagnosis in chemotherapy patients with 20 cases reported in the literature. 1–7 These infections typically occur in large muscle groups, and can result in significant morbidity if not treated urgently. The presented case is the first to report pyomyositis in the forearm of a cancer patient (breast) on chemotherapy. Clinical suspicion is needed for rapid diagnosis and treatment, so that compartment syndrome is avoided and full neuromuscular recovery may be attained.
Developing Tools to Encourage Private Forest Landowners to Participate in Early Successional Forest Habitat Management

Wildlife organizations often engage landowners in habitat management. Landowner typology research can provide suggestions for how to work with diverse types of landowners. We explored how typologies can inform selection of tools to engage landowners in early successional habitat (ESH) management. Using a survey, effectiveness of three kinds of tools were assessed: (a) basic needs, (b) learning, and (c) social. Across all types and typologies, learning tools were most likely to influence landowner behavior, whereas social tools (e.g., recognition) were least likely. Continuing adopters were the only type of landowners that reported basic needs tools would influence them at the same level as learning tools. In each typology, landowner types with higher behavioral intention were more likely to be influenced by all of the tools. Thus, tools may reinforce behaviors, rather than engage the unengaged. We suggest learning tools be initially prioritized to encourage ESH management.
The Health Care Experiences of the Preschool Child With Autism

It is known that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) visit health care providers (HCPs) more frequently than typically developing peers, and mothers experience barriers in this process. The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological study was to gain a better understanding of a mother's experiences of taking her child with ASD to the HCP. Two themes related to the health care experience of the child surfaced from the study. These themes included feelings that HCPs do not "get" the complexity of caring for the child and marginalization of mothers by the HCP. The need for creation of child-specific profiles emerged from this study.
SOSA'S MOORE AND THE NEW DOGMATISTS

: Some seventy years ago, G. E. Moore invoked his own sensory experience (as of a hand before him in the right circumstances), added some philosophical analysis about externality, and took himself to have offered his “Proof” of the existence of an external world. Current neo-Mooreans either reject completely the standard negative assessment of the Proof or qualify it substantially. For Sosa, the Proof can be persuasive, but only when read literally as offering reasons for the conclusion that there is at least one external object—rather than that the prover is justified in believing, or even knowing, that there is at least one external object. Sosa, then, is a neo-Moorean—though not of the sort we might expect in light of the ongoing debate about the Proof. I argue that Sosa needs to say more about the circularity often thought to vitiate the Proof before we can accept his view.
Hypnotics cause insomnia: evidence from clinical trials.

HYPNOTICS CAUSE INSOMNIA: EVIDENCE FROM CLINICAL TRIALS Daniel F. Kripke Viterbi Family Sleep Center Scripps Clinic W-207 10666 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037, USA email: dkripke1@san.rr.com Keywords: Insomnia, withdrawal, hypnotics, ramelteon, eszopiclone, suvorexant Submitted to Sleep Medicine as an Editorial, Controversies article, or Review article as the Editors prefer.
Data Collection Using RFID and a Mobile Reader

The widespread acceptance of RFID tags in inventory control applications has allowed the development of increasingly complex and useful inventory management techniques. This paper approaches the problem of real-time inventory querying in a large warehouse. We use a combination of powered, wireless- capable active RFID tags and a mobile RFID reader to design a querying system that uses both a mesh network formed with the active RFID tags and the mobile reader to balance query latency and total network lifetime. We implemented and simulated our system on Crossbow MicaZ motes and a custom robot platform. Our results show that our hybrid algorithm balances query latency and network lifetime more effectively than mesh network- only and mobile reader-only algorithms. In particular, we see network power consumption reduction of up to 60% and a 15% reduction in total distance travelled by the mobile reader. We conclude that introducing a mobile reader to active tag networks allows the design of flexible network algorithms that can reduce the impact of battery life on the network.
Fast converging adaptive processor or a structured covariance matrix

The use of adaptive linear techniques to solve signal processing problems is needed particularly when the interference environment external to the signal processor (such as for a radar or communication system) is not known a priori. Due to this lack of knowledge of an external environment, adaptive techniques require a certain amount of data to cancel the external interference. The number of statistically independent samples per input sensor required so that the performance of the adaptive processor is close (nominally within 3 dB) to the optimum is called the convergence measure of effectiveness (MOE) of the processor. The minimization of the convergence MOE is important since in many environments the external interference changes rapidly with time. Although there are heuristic techniques in the literature that provide fast convergence for particular problems, there is currently not a general solution for arbitrary interference that is derived via classical theory. A maximum likelihood (ML) solution (under the assumption that the input interference is Gaussian) is derived here for a structured covariance matrix that has the form of the identity matrix plus an unknown positive semi-definite Hermitian (PSDH) matrix. This covariance matrix form is often valid in realistic interference scenarios for radar and communication systems. Using this ML estimate, simulation results are given that show that the convergence is much faster than the often-used sample matrix inversion method. In addition, the ML solution for a structured covariance matrix that has the aforementioned form where the scale factor on the identity matrix is arbitrarily lower-bounded, is derived. Finally, an efficient implementation is presented.
Quantification of Inertial Droplet Collision Mixing Rates in Confined Microchannel Flows Using Differential Fluorescence Measurements

Efficient mixing at the microscale remains a formidable engineering challenge. Recent advancement and proliferation of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) and Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS) has demanded accelerated development and demonstration of novel micromixers as successful mixing is critical to device performance. Passive techniques such as chaotic advection and shear thinning as well as active methods utilizing electric fields show great promise at meeting these requirements. A new droplet-based mixing technique currently being developed aims at improving micromixer rates passively by increasing the Reynolds number in the microchannel. High speed gaseous flows with Reynolds numbers from 1 to 300 are used to detach and transport discrete droplets to a collision zone where droplet interaction and subsequent mixing is achieved under highly inertial conditions. The design utilizes variants of the standard T-junction arrangement for both the detachment and collision process. A fluorescing and nonfluorescing droplet pair are brought into contact in a collision zone and allowed to interact with relative velocities in the 0.1 to 5m/s range. Mixing rates are quantified using an optical based measurement technique that examines temporal changes in droplet intensity as mixing progresses. Both the detachment and collision processes are captured using a high speed camera capable of frame rates in excess of 10MHz. Experimental results are obtained for different collision zone geometry arrangements and microchannel aspect ratios to assess mixing performance. A description and sufficient explanation of the optical measurement techniques used to quantify mixing rates is provided, including limitations and shortcomings of this simplified approach. Analytical models are developed to gain better understanding of the key physical mechanisms driving droplet mixing and experimental results are correlated against this order of magnitude model. Based on these results, recommendations are made for potential design improvements and issues are addressed concerning mixing using two-phase gas/liquids flows.
Scalable dynamic information flow tracking and its applications

We are designing scalable dynamic information flow tracking techniques and employing them to carry out tasks related to debugging (bug location and fault avoidance), security (software attack detection), and data validation (lineage tracing of scientific data). The focus of our ongoing work is on developing online dynamic analysis techniques for long running multithreaded programs that may be executed on a single core or on multiple cores to exploit thread level parallelism.
Intermediate-energy light sources

Abstract The high performance and relatively moderate cost of these 2.5–4 GeV machines make them the popular choice, with six now in construction and more proposed.
Bond strength of an amorphous calcium phosphate-containing orthodontic adhesive.

Objective: To determine whether an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-containing adhesive has an acceptable level of shear bond strength to be used as an orthodontic adhesive. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted premolars were randomly divided into three groups for orthodontic bonding. Group 1 used a composite resin adhesive (Transbond XT), group 2 was bonded with an ACP-containing adhesive (Aegis Ortho), and group 3 used a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC). All bonded teeth were stored in distilled water at 37C for 40 2 hours prior to debonding. Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were recorded for each specimen. Results: The mean shear bond strengths for the three test groups were: group 1 (15.2 3.6 MPa), group 2 (6.6 1.5 MPa), and group 3 (8.3 2.8 MPa). A one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in bond strengths between the groups. A post hoc Tukey test showed group 1 to be significantly (P .001) greater than groups 2 and 3. A Kruskal-Wallis test and a Mann-Whitney U-test showed groups 1 and 3 exhibited lower ARI scores than group 2, but a majority of specimens in each group had greater than 50% of the cement removed along with the bracket during debonding. Conclusions: The ACP-containing adhesive demonstrated a low, but satisfactory bond strength needed to function as an orthodontic adhesive.
The Rise of Transnational Crime: International Cooperation, State Contributions, and the Role of the Global Political Economy

Crime, War, and Global Trafficking: Designing International Cooperation. By Christine Jojarth. Cambridge University Press, 2009. 342 pp. $30.00 (ISBN-13: 978-0-52171-376-4). Crime and the Global Political Economy. By H. Richard Friman. Volume 16 of the International Political Economy Yearbook. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2009. 215 pp. $55.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-1-58826-676-7). The global market for criminal activities such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, money laundering, and weapons smuggling, among other activities, is staggering. The United Nations estimated the global drug trade at $321.6 billion in 2003 (Pollard 2005). Trade in human beings, whether for sexual exploitation or forced labor, is estimated to be between $30 and $40 billion per year, according to Antonio Maria Costa, the Executive Director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Rosenthal 2007). And over $1 trillion (733 billion Euros) is estimated to be laundered every year by drug dealers, arms traffickers, and other criminals (Croft 2007). While these global costs of criminal activity are huge, the role of this criminal market in the broader international economic system, and its effects on domestic state institutions and economies, has not received widespread attention from an IPE or political science perspective (Andreas and Nadelmann 2009, in Friman, ed. 2009). Two recent books, Crime and the Global Political Economy , edited by H. Richard Friman, and Crime, War, and Global Trafficking , by Christine Jojarth, have delved into this area, examining the role that global crime and various forms of trafficking and other illicit activity have for both the global economy and security, and for the state. Taking somewhat different approaches, these two volumes offer a number of in-depth case study reflections on the prominent place that global criminal activity plays in shaping state responses to such activity, whether domestically or internationally. Conclusions from the two volumes demonstrate that domestic institutional and cultural structures play a significant role in the acceptance and integration of criminal activities, and globalization has been a facilitating factor in making trafficking and other transnational crimes a part of contemporary politics and economics. These same factors, however, also drive the effective implementation …
Sexual health during cancer treatment.

Managing the sexual health of cancer patients has become an increasingly important component of providing comprehensive cancer care. Young adults, those from late adolescence to age 29–39, depending on the author and definition, remain a unique challenge as sexual health is intertwined with the critical developmental tasks of gaining sense of self and one’s personal identity, forming healthy intimate relationships and accomplishing important milestones in the transition from child to mature adult. Unfortunately, much of what is known about this population is gleaned primarily from survivors of childhood cancer [1].
Globalization, Social Movements, and the American University: Implications for Research and Practice

This chapter examines the influence of globalization on the American university and the increasing importance of social movements and the engagement of universities and the role their social actors play in advancing social change. The authors contend that traditional organizations increasingly are limited in their ability to advance social change by the growing power of global structures and networks. Of particular note is the power of neoliberal economic ideology and its dominance in framing global processes and the role of universities in a growing knowledge-based economy. As a consequence, the authors point out that universities increasingly become targets of social reform to be brought into greater alignment with the interests of global capital. Alternatively, social movements and the engagement of universities offer opportunities for oppositional action aimed at serving diverse public spheres and constituencies. The authors conclude by identifying several implications for research and practice.
Exploiting SSDs in operational multiversion databases

Multiversion databases store both current and historical data. Rows are typically annotated with timestamps representing the period when the row is/was valid. We develop novel techniques to reduce index maintenance in multiversion databases, so that indexes can be used effectively for analytical queries over current data without being a heavy burden on transaction throughput. To achieve this end, we re-design persistent index data structures in the storage hierarchy to employ an extra level of indirection. The indirection level is stored on solid-state disks that can support very fast random I/Os, so that traversing the extra level of indirection incurs a relatively small overhead. The extra level of indirection dramatically reduces the number of magnetic disk I/Os that are needed for index updates and localizes maintenance to indexes on updated attributes. Additionally, we batch insertions within the indirection layer in order to reduce physical disk I/Os for indexing new records. In this work, we further exploit SSDs by introducing novel DeltaBlock techniques for storing the recent changes to data on SSDs. Using our DeltaBlock, we propose an efficient method to periodically flush the recently changed data from SSDs to HDDs such that, on the one hand, we keep track of every change (or delta) for every record, and, on the other hand, we avoid redundantly storing the unchanged portion of updated records. By reducing the index maintenance overhead on transactions, we enable operational data stores to create more indexes to support queries. We have developed a prototype of our indirection proposal by extending the widely used generalized search tree open-source project, which is also employed in PostgreSQL. Our working implementation demonstrates that we can significantly reduce index maintenance and/or query processing cost by a factor of 3. For the insertion of new records, our novel batching technique can save up to 90 % of the insertion time. For updates, our prototype demonstrates that we can significantly reduce the database size by up to 80 % even with a modest space allocated for DeltaBlocks on SSDs.
Abbas E. Kitabchi, PhD, MD: An Exemplary Mentor and Clinical Researcher

The word “mentor” was first used in Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey . When Odysseus, the king of Ithaca, went to fight the Trojan War, he asked Mentor to serve as a teacher and overseer to his son Telemachus. Mentor failed in his duties, and it was Athena, goddess of war and patroness of the arts and industry, who assumed the form of Mentor and served as Telemachus’ wise and trusted adviser and counselor. The first recorded modern usage of the term can be traced to the 18th century book entitled Les Aventures de Telemaque , by the French writer Fenelon. Since then, the word “mentor” has evolved to mean trusted adviser, a wise and responsible tutor who shares knowledge with and inspires, challenges, and serves as a role model to a less experienced person. Dr. Abbas E. Kitabchi exemplifies all the attributes of a great mentor, as can be attested by the large number of health care professionals that have benefited from his mentoring during the past four decades. Abbas E. Kitabchi at the Clinical Research Unit, UTHSC, Memphis, TN Dr. Kitabchi, or Abbie as his friends and relatives call him, was born in Teheran, Iran, in 1933. He was the third among seven siblings and the first in his family to receive a high school education. His father, Hossein Eqbal Kitabchi, was a publisher and his mother was a housewife. After completing high school, he immigrated to the U.S. at 17 years of age to attend Cornell College in Mount Vernon, IA, to follow his father’s dream for Abbie to become a heart surgeon. He remembers:As a young immigrant with almost no ability to speak English and only $600 in my pocket, it was indeed uncomfortable and challenging at first. I was scared and lonely living in …