cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal LC compensators for nonlinear loads with uncertain nonsinusoidal source and load characteristics

A method is presented for finding the optimum fixed LC combination for power factor compensation of nonlinear loads where both source and load impedances are represented as randomly time-varying quantities. The distribution characteristics of these random variables at a supply bus can be experimentally determined by using a microcomputer-based parameter estimator. If maximum power factor is the main concern, the optimal LC combination corresponding to maximum average power factor is obtained for any given compensator cost. Laboratory tests show the optimization algorithm and the parameter estimator to be very efficient and accurate. >
Session guarantees for weakly consistent replicated data

Four per-session guarantees are proposed to aid users and applications of weakly consistent replicated data: "read your writes", "monotonic reads", "writes follow reads", and "monotonic writes". The intent is to present individual applications with a view of the database that is consistent with their own actions, even if they read and write from various, potentially inconsistent servers. The guarantees can be layered on existing systems that employ a read-any/write-any replication scheme while retaining the principal benefits of such a scheme, namely high availability, simplicity, scalability, and support for disconnected operation. These session guarantees were developed in the context of the Bayou project at Xerox PARC in which we are designing and building a replicated storage system to support the needs of mobile computing users who may be only intermittently connected. >
Quantitative Testing of Fire Scenario Hypotheses: A Bayesian Inference Approach

Fire models are routinely used to evaluate life safety aspects of building design projects and are being used more often in fire and arson investigations as well as reconstructions of firefighter line-of-duty deaths and injuries. A fire within a compartment effectively leaves behind a record of fire activity and history (i.e., fire signatures). Fire and arson investigators can utilize these fire signatures in the determination of cause and origin during fire reconstruction exercises. Researchers conducting fire experiments can utilize this record of fire activity to better understand the underlying physics. In all of these applications, the heat release rate and location of a fire are important parameters that govern the evolution of thermal conditions within a fire compartment. These input parameters can be a large source of uncertainty in fire models, especially in scenarios in which experimental data or detailed information on fire behavior are not available. A methodology is sought to estimate the amount of certainty (or degree of belief) in the input parameters for hypothesized scenarios. To address this issue, an inversion framework was applied to scenarios that have relevance in fire scene reconstructions. Rather than using point estimates of input parameters, a statistical inversion framework based on the Bayesian inference approach was used to calculate probability distributions of input parameters. These probability distributions contain uncertainty information about the input parameters and can be propagated through fire models to obtain uncertainty information about predicted quantities of interest. The Bayesian inference approach was applied to various fire problems using different models: empirical correlations, zone models, and computational fluid dynamics fire models. Example applications include the estimation of steady-state fire sizes in a compartment and the location of a fire.
A correlative freeze-etch and electrophysiological study of communicating junctions in crystalline lenses.

We have conducted a correlative electrophysiological and morphological study of ceil to cell coupling in frog and rat lenses. Electrical impedance measurements from frog and rat lenses were curve fit to a model of lens structure to obtain a value for internal resistivity (Rj). The mean and standard deviation of Rj was 550 ±190 ohm-cm (n=7) in rat lenses and 3400 ±340 ohm-cm (n = 10) in frog lenses. These results indicate that the extent of cell to cell coupling is far more extensive in rat lenses than in frog lenses and therefore suggest that rat lens fiber cells are conjoined by greater numbers of communicating junctions than frog lens fiber cells. Freeze-etch replicas were made of fiber cells from rat and frog lenses of comparable size and from a comparable area (intermediate cortex) as that used in the electrophysiological study. A total of 987 and 1,393 square microns of replicated membrane were examined in rat and frog lenses, respectively. 1,573 communicating junctions were counted in rat lens repli...
Ultrasonic monitoring of interfacial motion of condensing and non-condensing liquid films

Abstract An ultrasonic technique was developed to monitor the dynamic behavior of condensing and non-condensing fluid films. Both stable (upwards-facing) and unstable (downwards-facing) liquid films were examined. The ultrasonic system utilized 5 MHz planar piston transducers operated in pulse-echo mode. The transducers were mounted underneath a copper block on which the films resided. The technique is capable of measuring film thicknesses ranging from approximately 50 μm to several centimeters. The thicknesses of the thicker films (>1000 μm) were determined by time-of-flight measurements. For the thin films, a Fourier Transform method was employed. A signal-processing algorithm automatically applied the appropriate method, based on the film thickness. The film configurations examined included both static and growing non-condensing films, a non-condensing film with surface waves, and stable and unstable condensing films. The ultrasound measurements of film thicknesses agreed closely with the known thicknesses of static and growing, planar films. The measurements of the wave speed and wavelength also agreed well with those observed by optical means. The measured thickness of unstable condensing films (downwards-facing cooled surface) exhibited the expected fluctuations owing to the formation, passage, and break-off of pendant fluid drops. A numerical model developed to compute the acoustics associated with a stagnant film agreed well with experimental results.
The Insulin Independence of Uterine Glycogen in the Rat

The effect of insulin, glucosefeeding and the combination of the two on the concentration of glycogen was determined in tissue samples of the uterus, the liver, skeletal muscle and the heart from ovariectomized and estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats. The values for uterine glycogen fell into two classes, depending only on whether or not the animals had received estrogen. Since the glucose level of the blood and the glycogen content of the liver, skeletal muscle and the heart were variously modified in these animals, it is evident that the concentration of glycogen in the uterus is independent of action upon this organ by insulin.
Genetic Interactions between the Chlorate-Resistant Mutant cr88 and the Photomorphogenic Mutants cop1 and hy5

The chlorate-resistant mutant cr88 is defective in photomorphogenesis, as shown by the phenotypes of long hypocotyls in red light and yellow cotyledons under all light conditions. A subset of light-regulated genes is expressed at subnormal levels in cr88. To analyze further the role that CR88 plays in photomorphogenesis, we investigated the genetic interactions between cr88 and mutants of two other loci affecting photomorphogenesis, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). COP1 represses the expression of light-regulated genes in the dark, and HY5 inhibits hypocotyl elongation in the light. Using morphological, cellular, and gene expression criteria for epistasis analyses to position CR88 in the genetic hierarchy of the photomorphogenesis pathway, we determined that CR88 acts downstream of COP1 but in a branch separate from HY5. In the course of our analysis, we discovered that light causes extensive destruction of plastids in dark-grown cop1 seedlings and that cr88 prevents this destruction.
Attitudes Toward the Continuation of Family Rituals Among Emerging Adults

In this study we examined college students' assessment of the personal meaningfulness of their families' rituals and their desire to initiate family rituals in the future. Participants were 46 male and 49 female never-married, primarily European American undergraduates at a private east coast university. It was found that women were more likely than men to see themselves initiating future family rituals. The amount of ritual initiation undertaken by participants' same-sex parents and participants' communality were significant predictors of reported likelihood of future ritual initiation. A “caring” parenting style was the only significant predictor of the meaningfulness of rituals. The relationships of respondents' religious and ethnic background and their parents' marital status to their attitudes toward rituals were also examined.
Hydrogen Bond Networks: Structure and Evolution after Hydrogen Bond Breaking †

The nature of hydrogen bonding networks following hydrogen bond breaking is investigated using vibrational echo correlation spectroscopy of the hydroxyl stretch of methanol-OD (MeOD) of MeOD oligomers in CCl4. Using ultrafast (<50 fs) infrared multidimensional stimulated vibrational echo correlation spectroscopy with full phase information, the experiments examine frequency correlation between initially excited OD stretches and their “photoproducts” created by hydrogen bond breaking following vibrational relaxation. The hydrogen bond breaking following vibrational relaxation gives rise to a new species, singly hydrogen bonded MeODs, the photoproduct. The photoproducts give rise to a well-defined spectrally distinct off-diagonal peak in the correlation spectrum. Detailed modeling of this peak is used to measure its spectral diffusion (increased spectral broadening as time increases). A rephasing vibrational echo signal and spectral diffusion can only occur if photoproduct hydroxyl stretch frequencies are h...
Fuzzy logic = computing with words

As its name suggests, computing with words (CW) is a methodology in which words are used in place of numbers for computing and reasoning. The point of this note is that fuzzy logic plays a pivotal role in CW and vice-versa. Thus, as an approximation, fuzzy logic may be equated to CW. There are two major imperatives for computing with words. First, computing with words is a necessity when the available information is too imprecise to justify the use of numbers, and second, when there is a tolerance for imprecision which can be exploited to achieve tractability, robustness, low solution cost, and better rapport with reality. Exploitation of the tolerance for imprecision is an issue of central importance in CW. In CW, a word is viewed as a label of a granule; that is, a fuzzy set of points drawn together by similarity, with the fuzzy set playing the role of a fuzzy constraint on a variable. The premises are assumed to be expressed as propositions in a natural language. In coming years, computing with words is likely to evolve into a basic methodology in its own right with wide-ranging ramifications on both basic and applied levels.
Plenary speaker 1: From THz imaging to millimeter-wave stimulation of neurons: Is there a killer application for high frequency RF in the medical community?

As millimeter- and submillimeter-wave device and circuit technologies move from the laboratory into customized commercial components and instruments, the search for mainstream applications that might serve as a basis for significant capital investment has expanded. A plethora of hypothetical, and often unrealistic expectations for the technology, have been touted, mainly in biomedical imaging, defense and security, and communications applications, but most fail the comparison test for existing or competing alternatives, and some are based on false premises. This talk will briefly cover the advantages and limitations of millimeter- and submillimeter-wave technologies when applied in the biomedical field, and specifically highlight an application that the speaker believes fulfils at least one dream for broad-based disease control application — millimeter-wave non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose levels.
Solar Energy Conversion In Plants And Bacteria Studied Using Time Resolved Visible And Infrared Difference Spectroscopy

Solar energy conversion in oxygen evolving organisms occurs in two separate reaction center protein complexes called photosystems I and II. In each, light induces the transfer of electrons, via a series of protein bound pigment acceptors, across a biological membrane. The very high efficiency of light induced electron transfer is related to the electronic and structural organization of these protein bound electron acceptors. To study the electronic and structural organization of these acceptors in the protein binding site we have used time-resolved visible and infrared difference spectroscopy. In photosystem I a highly reducing phylloquinone functions as an intermediary in electron transfer. Phylloquinone is bound to the protein in the, so called, A1 binding site, and it is the nature of this binding that makes phylloquinone so reducing. To probe the properties of the A1 binding site we have made use of a mutant cyanobacterial strain that allows different quinones to be easily incorporated into the A1 binding site. To verify the extent of quinone incorporation into the A1 binding site we have used nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible spectral region. To probe the molecular properties of the introduced quinones in both the neutral and anion states, we have used microsecond time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy at 77 K. The time resolved FTIR difference spectra display a multitude of bands that are associated with both the quinone and the protein binding site. The convoluted nature of the spectra makes interpretation difficult. However, by comparing spectra obtained for photosystem I particles with four different quinones incorporated (phylloquinone, 2-methyl naphthoquinone, plastoquinone and dichloro naphthoquinone) we have been able to distinguish quinone infrared absorption bands from protein bands. To complement the experimental work and to aid in FTIR difference band assignment we have used quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics computational methods to simulate the infrared difference spectra associated with the different quinones in the protein binding site.
Judicial Review in Immigration Cases after Aadc: Lessons from Civil Procedure

In 1996, Congress substantially revised the statute that governs judicial review of immigration decisions by administrative agencies. This article analyzes the provisions that govern the timing of judicial review, especially Immigration and Nationality Act section 242(b)(9). This provision seems to defer judicial review of all issues until administrative proceedings are over. For example, Eleventh Circuit has held that a noncitizen detained during removal proceedings may not go to court to challenge his detention until after a removal order issues, possibly years later. This article explains why this reading of (b)(9) is wrong. The only sensible reading of (b)(9) is a narrow one that lets courts hear matters before a final removal order, if those matters are significant and independent of a decision to remove a noncitizen from the United States. Detention pending removal proceedings is one example of such a matter. I also use timing consolidation under (b)(9) to explore four broader themes. First, (b)(9) implicates fundamental choices about how to read jurisdictional statutes in immigration cases. When courts interpret rules for judicial review of immigration and other administrative law decisions, they should rely on the same procedural values that guide courts in interpreting similar rules outside administrative law. With this in mind, I discuss some analogous problems concerning appeals in civil litigation. Second, I analyze the relationship between timing consolidation and multi-party joinder in judicial review of immigration decisions. Rules that delay judicial review or bar multi-party joinder can impair the substantive accuracy of judicial review. Third, I discuss the analytical roles that "exhaustion of administrative remedies" and "adequacy of the administrative record" play in interpreting judicial review statutes in immigration cases. I argue that exhaustion and adequacy play only secondary roles in deciding when immediate judicial review is appropriate. Fourth, I analyze the notion that judicial review must be streamlined to limit opportunities for "dilatory" appeals. What is dilatory depends entirely on our view of the merits, and that view is shaped by jurisdictional rules.
Isolated Shallow Marine Sand Bodies: Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Sedimentologic Interpretation: SEPM Special Publication No. 64

Katherine M. Bergman and John W. Snedden (Editors), 1999, SEPM, Tulsa, 362p. ($120 non-members, $86.00 members) ISBN: 1-56576057-3. I have a difficult and shameful confession to make—I suffer from a neurotic block when it comes to interpreting sandstones. Describing them is not a problem. Understanding modern depositional environments and the successions they produce is not a problem. Applying process sedimentology to understand past conditions is not a problem. Nevertheless, when interpreting sandstones, I am always left with the niggling doubt that I may not have considered every possibility. I am always left wondering, “Have I missed the key feature that would unequivocally reveal how a sandstone got where it is today and why it has the properties it does?” For those who share these insecurities, I recommend the therapeutic book Isolated Shallow Marine Sand Bodies: Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Sedimentologic Interpretation. In addition to being a series of high quality sedimentologic and stratigraphic studies, the papers in this volume reveal the sometimes schizophrenic nature of interpreting sedimentary rock. The book is based on a 1995 SEPM-sponsored research conference entitled “Tongues, Ridges, and Wedges” that brought together the proponents of different, and in some cases conflicting, models of isolated marine sand bodies. In this collection of articles, the advocates of different interpretations present their cases and respond to the issues raised by the partisans of other ideas. In several cases, disagreeing authors exchanged manuscripts and explicitly refer to one another's articles when pointing out differences between their models. The interactions are remarkably civil—most authors forthrightly admit to deficiencies in their preferred model and refrain from vitriolic or mocking swipes at others' work without blunting insightful and sometimes sharp criticisms. In the foreword to the book, Katherine Bergman and John Snedden, the editors of the volume, state that “no preference for one …
FrequencyDomain Differential Equation Formulations for Open ThreeDimensional Problems

This chapter contains sections titled: Weak Vector Helmholtz Equation and Boundary Conditions Discretization using CT/LN and LT/QN Functions for Three-Dimensional Cavities Eigenfunction RBC for Spherical Boundary Shapes Surface Integral Equation RBC for General Boundary Shapes Outward-Looking versus Inward-Looking Formulations Integral Equation RBC for Axisymmetric Boundary Shapes Local RBCs for Spherical Boundaries Local RBCs for General Three-Dimensional Boundary Shapes RBCs Based on Fictitious Absorbers Vector Formulation for Axisymmetric Heterogeneous Scatterers Alternative Formulations for Three-Dimensional Scattering Summary This chapter contains sections titled: References Problems
The Role of Dopamine in Value-Based Attentional Orienting

Reward learning gives rise to strong attentional biases. Stimuli previously associated with reward automatically capture visual attention regardless of intention. Dopamine signaling within the ventral striatum plays an important role in reward learning, representing the expected reward initiated by a cue. How dopamine and the striatum may be involved in maintaining behaviors that have been shaped by reward learning, even after reward expectancies have changed, is less well understood. Nonspecific measures of brain activity have implicated the striatum in value-based attention. However, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the attentional priority of learned reward cues remain unexplored. Here, we investigated the contribution of dopamine to value-based attention using positron emission tomography (PET) with [(11)C]raclopride. We show that, in the explicit absence of reward, the magnitude of attentional capture by previously reward-associated but currently task-irrelevant distractors is correlated across individuals with changes in available D2/D3 dopamine receptors (presumably due to intrasynaptic dopamine) linked to distractor processing within the right caudate and posterior putamen. Our findings provide direct evidence linking dopamine signaling within the striatum to the involuntary orienting of attention, and specifically to the attention-grabbing quality of learned reward cues. These findings also shed light on the neurochemical basis of individual susceptibility to value-driven attentional capture, which is known to play a role in addiction. More broadly, the present study highlights the value and feasibility of using PET to relate changes in the release of a neurotransmitter to learning-dependent changes in healthy adults.
The cis- and trans-formylperoxy radical: fundamental vibrational frequencies and relative energies of the 2A′′ and Ã 2A′ states

Acylperoxy radicals [RC(O)OO˙] play an important catalytic role in many atmospheric and combustion reactions. Accordingly, the prototypical formylperoxy radical [HC(O)OO˙] is characterized here using high-level ab initio coupled-cluster theory. Important experiments have been carried out on this system, but have not comprehensively described the properties of even the ground electronic state. We report cis and trans geometries for the ground ( 2A′′) and first excited (A 2A′) state equilibrium conformers and the torsional saddle point on the ground state surface at the CCSD(T)/ANO2 level of theory. Relative energies of these ground- and excited-state stationary points were obtained using coupled cluster theory with up to perturbative quadruple excitations, extrapolated from the sextuple zeta basis set to the complete basis set limit. These methods predict conformational energy differences ΔE(trans- → cis-) = 2.35 kcal mol−1 and ΔE(trans-A → cis-A) = −2.95 kcal mol−1. On the surface, the transition state for the conformational change lies 8.42 kcal mol−1 above the trans ground state minima. The adiabatic electronic excitation energies from the ground state isomers are predicted to be 18.17 ± 0.10 (trans) and 13.03 ± 0.10 kcal mol−1 (cis). The former is in excellent agreement with the 18.1 ± 1.4 kcal mol−1 transition found by Lineberger and coworkers. Additionally, transition properties between the 2A′′ and A 2A′ states are reported for the first time, using the equation of motion (EOM)-CCSD method, which predicts lifetimes for trans-A 2A′ HC(O)OO˙ of 5.4 ms and cis-A 2A′ HC(O)OO˙ of 20.5 ms. Second-order vibrational perturbation theory was utilized to determine the fundamental frequencies at the CCSD(T)/ANO2 level of theory for the cis and trans conformers of the and A states and five ground state isotopologues of both conformers: H13C(O)OO˙, HC(18O)OO˙, HC(O)18O18O˙, DC(O)OO˙, and DC(O)18O18O˙. This study provides high accuracy predictions of vibrational frequencies, helping to resolve large uncertainties and disagreements in the experimental values. Furthermore, we characterize experimentally unassigned vibrational frequencies and transition properties.
Disocclusion Mitigation for Image Based Point Cloud Imposters

Image based imposters suffer from common errors called disocclusion artifacts where portions of the scene that should be occluded by real geometry are visible when using image based imposters. These artifacts are the result of parallax error created by camera motion where regions of a mesh that were not visible at the time of imposter generation have become visible. This paper presents a computationally inexpensive on-line technique to resolve these disocclusions by stretching existing imposter texture information over new geometry bridging the gap between imposters. This paper also includes an analysis of six automatic metrics for similarity between output frames of a flight path using this novel technique and the impersonated data, to quantify the quality of the technique compared to the original scene and other level-of-detail techniques.
Application of Particle Swarm Optimization and Local Search in Structure Optimization of Series-parallel System

In this paper,a new algorithm of particle swarm optimization and local search is proposed to solve the redundancy allocation problem for series-parallel system.The structure of seriesparallel system is introduced in the paper.The new algorithm is used to design the system structure with a minimum cost to provide a desired level of availability.The availability of the system is abtained through the universal generating function(UGF)method.Then the new algorithm is applied to get the optimal solution.The proposed algorithm are demonstrated via an illustrative case.
The effects of ivacaftor on CF fatty acid metabolism: An analysis from the GOAL study

Abstract Background Ivacaftor has produced significant improvement in certain individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), though the full metabolic effects of treatment remain unknown. Abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism have previously been shown to be a characteristic of CFTR dysfunction. We hypothesized that as a reflection of this clinical improvement, ivacaftor would improve plasma fatty acid levels and decrease urine prostaglandin E metabolite levels. Methods This study analyzed plasma fatty acid levels and urine prostaglandin E metabolites (PGE-M) in 40 subjects with CF participating in the G551D observational (GOAL) study who demonstrated response to the medication by a significant decrease in sweat Cl levels. Paired samples were analyzed before and after 6months of ivacaftor treatment. Results Linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels, which are typically low in individuals with CF, did not significantly increase with ivacaftor treatment. However, arachidonic acid levels did decrease with ivacaftor treatment and there was a significant decrease in the arachidonic acid metabolite PGE-M as measured in the urine [median: before treatment 17.03ng/mg Cr; after treatment 9.06ng/mg Cr; p Conclusion Ivacaftor reduces inflammatory PGE without fully correcting the plasma fatty acid abnormalities of CF. Age-related differences in fatty acid levels were observed, that may be a result of other clinical factors, such as diet, clinical care, or drug response.
The Atmospheres of the Other Planets

The study of planetary atmospheres is a relatively new field of meteorology. Its main impetus comes from the likelihood that the behavior of the several planetary envelopes, with their varying masses, rotations, constituents, and other physical parameters, may yield important evidence bearing on the general laws which govern our own atmosphere. Much of the information sought through a study of the other planets cannot be obtained by investigation of the terrestrial atmosphere simply because its various parameters of interest are fixed and the effects of their variation cannot be determined.
Tropomodulin 1 Regulation of Actin Is Required for the Formation of Large Paddle Protrusions Between Mature Lens Fiber Cells.

Author(s): Cheng, Catherine; Nowak, Roberta B; Biswas, Sondip K; Lo, Woo-Kuen; FitzGerald, Paul G; Fowler, Velia M | Abstract: PurposeTo elucidate the proteins required for specialized small interlocking protrusions and large paddle domains at lens fiber cell tricellular junctions (vertices), we developed a novel method to immunostain single lens fibers and studied changes in cell morphology due to loss of tropomodulin 1 (Tmod1), an F-actin pointed end-capping protein.MethodsWe investigated F-actin and F-actin-binding protein localization in interdigitations of Tmod1+/+ and Tmod1-/- single mature lens fibers.ResultsF-actin-rich small protrusions and large paddles were present along cell vertices of Tmod1+/+ mature fibers. In contrast, Tmod1-/- mature fiber cells lack normal paddle domains, while small protrusions were unaffected. In Tmod1+/+ mature fibers, Tmod1, β2-spectrin, and α-actinin are localized in large puncta in valleys between paddles; but in Tmod1-/- mature fibers, β2-spectrin was dispersed while α-actinin was redistributed at the base of small protrusions and rudimentary paddles. Fimbrin and Arp3 (actin-related protein 3) were located in puncta at the base of small protrusions, while N-cadherin and ezrin outlined the cell membrane in both Tmod1+/+ and Tmod1-/- mature fibers.ConclusionsThese results suggest that distinct F-actin organizations are present in small protrusions versus large paddles. Formation and/or maintenance of large paddle domains depends on a β2-spectrin-actin network stabilized by Tmod1. α-Actinin-crosslinked F-actin bundles are enhanced in absence of Tmod1, indicating altered cytoskeleton organization. Formation of small protrusions is likely facilitated by Arp3-branched and fimbrin-bundled F-actin networks, which do not depend on Tmod1. This is the first work to reveal the F-actin-associated proteins required for the formation of paddles between lens fibers.
MOM Damage Resulting From 3rd Body Particulates: A Simulator Model

The MOM controversy continues with many prevailing opinions as to the causes of failure in contemporary designs. There has been a great deal of focus on breakdown in fluid-film lubrication with respect to cup positioning and edge wear at its rim. However there has been very little discussion on the problems of 3 rd body abrasion. In only one study was there a description of unusually large abrasive marks on retrieved femoral heads (McKee Farrar MOM), revealing 100 μm wide scratches, attributed to circulating particles fractured during impingement episodes. With contemporary MOM devices, there is the potential for abrasion by particulates of CoCr, PMMA and Ti6Al4V. However it has been difficult to formulate a coherent simulator model for 3 rd -body abrasive wear, given the unpredictable nature of impingement damage releasing abrasive particles into the patient9s hip joint. Thus this study sought to identify if metal or cement particulates were capable of creating 100 μm wide scratches as seen on retrieved MOM and develop a simulator model for 3 rd body abrasive testing on MOM bearings. Six 38 mm CoCrMo bearings (DJO Inc., Texas) were run in a12-station hip simulator (SWM, Monrovia, CA) with cups mounted both anatomically and inverted (3 MOM each). The tests were run in standard simulator mode (Paul gait load cycle: 0.2–2 kN, frequency 1 Hz) with the addition of 5 mg of debris particles. Commercially available CoCr (ASTM F75) and titanium alloy (ASTM F136) particles and broken polymerized bone cement particles were used in the size range 50–200 μm. The simulator was run for only 10 cycles and the MOM parts removed for study. All bearings were ultrasonically cleaned and heads were examined using white light interferometry (WLI, Zygo Corp). Grooves were characterized using surface profiles to measure width, depth, and rim height. SEM imaging (EVO MA15, Zeiss) and EDS imaging (X flash detector 4010, Bruker AXS) was performed in areas of grooving and suspected transfer layers. CoCr debris produced broad, curvilinear grooves with widths ranging from 20–170 μm, depths from 0.3–1.5 μm, raised rims, longitudinal striations and chatter marks. Titanium alloy debris produced arrays of very shallow scratches accompanying larger grooves. These larger grooves measured 20–110 μm wide and 0.4–1.9 μm deep. EDS imaging showed the smears and islands contained the elements Ti, Al and V representative of the Ti6Al4V alloy. WLI imaging showed these metal deposits (250–900 um wide) were raised >10 um above the surface. Particularly conspicuous was evidence of considerable smearing on CoCr surfaces, with linear streaks ranging 150–300 μm wide. Bone cement debris proved incapable of grooving the CoCr surface, the only scratches observed were those comparable to normal carbide scratches.
Procesos biográficos de la modernización en Chile

El articulo presenta un conjunto de tendencias sociodemograficas a partir de las cuales se propone una lectura de los cambios en los cursos de vida en Chile. Tomando como referencia el periodo 1950-2010, se aplico un analisis de cohortes que recorre los procesos de escolarizacion de distintas generaciones, el ingreso al campo laboral, las tendencias en la formacion de pareja y la procreacion.
Adapting the eating disorder examination for use during pregnancy: Preliminary results from a community sample of women with overweight and obesity

OBJECTIVE The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) is a structured clinical interview that is widely used for assessing disordered eating. Although the EDE has been used in pregnant women, no standard pregnancy version has been developed. Accordingly, the present study aimed to document adaptations made to a pregnancy version of the EDE (EDE-PV) and to describe the internal reliability of this adapted version. METHOD Three major modifications were made in the development of the EDE-PV. First, disordered eating was assessed during and prior to pregnancy to account for changes across the perinatal period. Second, items were adapted and rules governing ratings were altered to distinguish eating attitudes and behaviors that are considered normative during pregnancy from disordered eating. Third, several items were omitted. RESULTS The EDE-PV was administered to 129 women with overweight and obesity who were between 12 and 20 weeks gestation. Women were 27.25 (SD = 5.48) years of age and 56% were African American. Women endorsed low levels of disordered eating on the EDE-PV, and the internal reliability was similar to previous reports. CONCLUSION These findings provide support for use of the EDE-PV to assess disordered eating among pregnant women with overweight and obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:597-601).
ExSport 1: An Expert System for Sport Management Career Counseling

Important components of career counseling include: (a) determination of students; interests and (b) indentification of careers that are compatible with those interests. ExSport 1 is an expert systems model designed to simulate the counseling process and to assist students in identifying sport management careers that are compatible with their interests. Users consult the system by answering eighteen queries pertaining to their professional interests. They then move into knowledge bases that provide information about specific sport management careers that appear to be compatible with their expressed interests. In this paper, the need for sport management career counseling is discussed, the advantages of artificial intelligence and expert systems are presented and the development of ExSport 1 is explained.
Abstract 3839: Obtaining Systematic Neurologic Follow-up after Stroke Discharge - Is it possible?

Background: Systematic follow-up after hospital discharge for stroke is an important part of optimizing transitions of care, although its feasibility is not well known. Advances in healthcare techn...
Coevolutionary Landscape of Kinase Family Proteins: Sequence Probabilities and Functional Motifs

Abstract The protein kinase catalytic domain is one of the most abundant domains across all branches of life. Although kinases share a common core function of phosphoryl-transfer, they also have wide functional diversity and play varied roles in cell signaling networks, and for this reason are implicated in a number of human diseases. This functional diversity is primarily achieved through sequence variation, and uncovering the sequence-function relationships for the kinase family is a major challenge. In this study we use a statistical inference technique inspired by statistical physics, which builds a coevolutionary "Potts" Hamiltonian model of sequence variation in a protein family. We show how this model has sufficient power to predict the probability of specific subsequences in the highly diverged kinase family, which we verify by comparing the model's predictions with experimental observations in the Uniprot database. We show that the pairwise (residue-residue) interaction terms of the statistical model are necessary and sufficient to capture higher-than-pairwise mutation patterns of natural kinase sequences. We observe that previously identified functional sets of residues have much stronger correlated interaction scores than are typical.
Fabrication, Assembly, and Metrology of the Neutron Imaging Pinhole

AbstractThe neutron imaging pinhole is a complex aperture that is designed to have its image plane at the center of a laser fusion capsule implosion. The aperture’s high-Z materials of tungsten and gold block the neutrons so that only the neutrons passing through the machined apertures make it to the image plane and detector. The pinhole assembly consists of 11 layers of gold in between two layers of tungsten and gold. These 64 triangular pinholes and six penumbra apertures provide a matrix image that can be reconstructed to image complex deuterium-tritium neutron burn details in laser fusion capsules. The gold layers were diamond turned flat before the profiles were cut into their faces. Four of the layers were profiled with penumbral profile arrays that tapered from a radius of 250 to 150 µm. Three gold layers were just diamond turned to wedges to set the tilt of the whole aperture. Three gold layers were profiled on both sides with triangle groove arrays that consist of eight equilateral triangles with...
Psychopharmacologic Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Conditions in Mental Retardation

The prevalence of psychopathology among children and adults with mental retardation is several times higher than the prevalence within the general population. Accordingly, psychopharmacologic interventions often play an important role in treatment programming for those with mental retardation and comorbid affective and behavioral disturbances. Medications that are of benefit include the stimulant medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders; lithium for cyclic mood disturbances and explosive, aggressive behavior; and the neuroleptics for psychotic disorders, self-injury, and stereotypic behavior. Other potentially efficacious medications include the serotonin reuptake blockers, the opioid antagonists, and the beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Clinical treatment will be greatly enhanced as systematic investigations increase in number and methodologic rigor.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING OF AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM IN VITRO BY SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the developments in understanding of amino acid and protein metabolism in vitro by Schistosoma mansoni. Attempts have been made to assess the amino acid and protein metabolism of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. The trematodes have been maintained in a chemically defined medium which is free of protein or serum supplements. Subsequent to incubation with the worms, the culture fluid was analyzed to detect changes in amino acid concentrations. The studies indicated that for the most part few amino acids were utilized from this medium. Small increases in concentration for some amino acids were noted, and the reason for, and the biochemical importance of such amino acid leakage is not clear. Three amino acids showed a considerable decrease, in which a change of 50–100% in vitro was registered. Three other amino acids were produced in significant quantities. The digestion of globin by schistosome protease enzyme appears to produce large peptides and some free amino acids.
Discontinuous Innovation and the Defense Innovation Cycle

This paper extends the concept of transilience mapping developed by Abernathy and Clark (1984) to model the cycle of innovation in the United States Department of Defense (DOD). Here, transilience is defined as the capacity of an innovation to influence the established technological paradigm in the DOD, which includes both the accepted methods of value creation and the resulting dominant designs. Examples of reinforcing and disruptive innovation in the DOD are mapped to the four modes of innovation (i.e., niche, architectural, regular, and revolutionary), and the concept of a defense innovation cycle based on the emergence of new dominant designs is introduced. The analysis shows that the relationship between technological innovations and dominant designs over time is associated with the extent to which new innovations are either consistent or inconsistent with the technological paradigm.
A comparison study on peridynamic models using irregular non-uniform spatial discretization

Abstract The applicability of peridynamic models to problems with irregularly non-uniformly discretized solution domain is critical. In this study, a systematic comparison study on results predicted using eight different peridynamic models, including bond-based, ordinary state-based and non-ordinary state-based mechanics and heat conduction models, for three different types of mechanical problems, including thermal, mechanics and coupled thermo-mechanics, with irregular non-uniform spatial discretization is performed. It is found that for the case of irregular but semi-uniform spatial discretization, all these models yield good predictions compared to analytical local solutions. For the case of irregular and non-uniform spatial discretization, models formulated specifically for this configuration give much better results than the conventional formulations which do not consider the neighborhood difference among material points in the spatial discretization. For either cases of spatial discretization, the bond-associated correspondence material model predicts the most accurate results.
First-line pembrolizumab (P), trastuzumab (T), capecitabine (C) and oxaliplatin (O) in HER2-positive metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (mEGA).

4011Background: Trastuzumab stimulates HER2-specific T cell responses and increases tumor PD-L1 expression, and anti-PD-1 antibody can help enhance T cell-specific immunity of trastuzumab. We condu...
Solution Conditions Tune and Optimize Loading of Therapeutic Polyelectrolytes into Layer-by-Layer Functionalized Liposomes.

Layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoparticles offer great potential to the field of drug delivery, where these nanocomposites have been studied for their ability to deliver chemotherapeutic agents, small molecule inhibitors, and nucleic acids. Most exciting is their ability to encapsulate multiple functional elements, which allow nanocarriers to deliver complex combination therapies with staged release. However, relative to planar LbL constructs, colloidal LbL systems have not undergone extensive systematic studies that outline critical synthetic solution conditions needed for robust and efficient assembly. The multistaged process of adsorbing a series of materials onto a nanoscopic template is inherently complex, and facilitating the self-assembly of these materials depends on identifying proper solution conditions for each synthetic step and adsorbed material. Here, we focus on addressing some of the fundamental questions that must be answered in order to obtain a reliable and robust synthesis of nucleic acid-cont...
No Categorical Partially Ordered Sets

Resume Un ensemble denombrable partiellement ordonne A = (A; o -categorique lorsque, pour tout ensemble B denombrable qui est partiellement ordonne et qui possede la měme theorie du premier ordre que A (i.e. Th( A ) = Th( B )), A ≅ B. Nous considerons la question generale suivante: Quelle complexite doit avoir un ensemble A N o -categorique partiellement ordonne pour que Th(A) soit complexe? Les deux emplois du terme “complexe” dans la question doivent ětre vagues et differents. Le premier “complexe” fait reference aux proprietes structurelles de A telles que la hauteur, la largeur, la dimension ou le plongement de certaines configurations. Le second emploi du mot fait reference aux attributs logiques tels que la dedcidabilite ou l'axiomatisation finie. Cet article, qui s'adresse au lecteur ayant peu de connaissances dans le domaine de la logique, presente un resume des resultats et les techniques permettant de les obtenir, ce qui apporte une reponse a la question posee et aux questions adjacentes. Un exemple typique de resultat est celui de tout ensemble N o -categorique partiellement ordonne de largeur finie dont la theorie n'a qu'un nombre fini d'axiomes. Quelques theoremes nouveaux, complets et accompagnes de preuves, sont egalement presentes. Par exemple, chaque ensemble N o -categorique partiellement ordonne de dimension 2 et de hauteur finie possede une theorie decidable. Par contre, il existe des ensembles N o -categorique partiellement ordonnes, de dimension 3 et de hauteur 2. L'article contient egalement des questions ouvertes.
Glutamate Receptors in Epilepsy: Group I mGluR-Mediated Epileptogenesis

Stimulation of group I mGluRs elicits ictal-like responses from normal quiescent hippocampal slices. Ictal-like responses once induced become persistent and show no fading even upon washout of the agonist. The conversion of normal neuronal activity to long-lasting epileptiform discharges resembles epileptogenesis and effects of group I mGluRs on hippocampal network provides a model for detailed studies of epileptogenesis. Experiments on the group I mGluR model reveal that epileptogenesis is sustained by specific long-lasting cellular responses (cellular plasticity). The latter include activation of a voltage-dependent cationic current and suppression of afterhyperpolarizations following action potentials. Induction of cellular plasticity (and epileptogenesis) requires synthesis of new proteins via local dendritic translation. The translation process is normally controlled by endogenous translation repressors including BC1 RNA and FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein). Absence of FMRP causes fragile X syndrome (FXS) which is characterized by developmental mental retardation and enhanced susceptibility to epilepsy. Recent data indicate that group I mGluR-mediated translation is aberrantly enhanced in the absence of the repressor FMRP and that the enhanced translation constitutes a core co-morbidity mechanism of mental retardation and epilepsy observed in FXS. Thus, group I mGluRs represent a site of vulnerability and a potential therapeutic target against epilepsy.
Contemporary management of uterine clear cell carcinoma: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) review and recommendation

Uterine clear cell cancer (UCCC) is a rare but aggressive disease. Due to its rarity, large, prospective studies focused on UCCC are exceedingly difficult therefore available data are generally from small, retrospective studies. There is also pertinent information from subsection analysis of larger studies that include UCCC and other histotypes. In 2009, the clinical practice committee of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) published a review on UCCC aimed at guiding management. Since that publication, there have been developments which are relevant to UCCC, these include availability of data from landmark trials regarding adjuvant therapy, increasing utilization of sentinel lymph node approach and availability of immunotherapy as a treatment option. This SGO review is updated with all relevant, published information since 2009 considered clinically important for management of UCCC. In addition, it follows the new SGO's style for this type of publication which includes utilization of the question and answer format.
An Approach to Characterize the Wearability of Concrete Pavement Surface Treatments

For a concrete pavement, the permeation specifications for the surface have a crucial influence on its durability. In this accelerated laboratory research, a surface treatment that combines lithium...