cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies with discordant Doppler velocimetric findings.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether poor perinatal outcomes are more common in twins with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetric findings than in their siblings with normal findings. Methods A matched-pair cohort analysis of twin pregnancies with discordant umbilical artery Doppler velocimetric findings (one normal and one abnormal) was performed. Both severely abnormal findings (defined as absent or reversed flow in one twin; n = 23) and mildly abnormal findings (defined as an elevated systolic to diastolic ratio in one twin; n = 28) were included. The matched twins provided a gestational age-and demographically matched comparison group. Outcomes measured included intrauterine fetal death, oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal outcomes (birth weight, Apgar scores, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and sepsis). Associations between abnormal Doppler velocimetric findings and perinatal outcomes were estimated using matched logistic regression analysis. Results Among this cohort of twin pregnancies with discordant umbilical artery Doppler velocimetric findings, oligohydramnios and intrauterine growth restriction were more frequent in twin fetuses with abnormal findings. Adverse neonatal outcomes were high in both groups (57% among those with normal findings and 49% among those with abnormal findings) because of the overwhelming contribution of preterm delivery (mean gestational age at delivery, 33.3 weeks) but were not significantly different between those fetuses with abnormal findings compared to their cotwins with normal findings. Conclusions Our results do not show an association between abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetric findings and short-term adverse neonatal outcomes.
Facilitating program verification with dependent types

The use of types in capturing program invariants is overwhelming in practical programming. The type systems in languages such as ML and Java scale convincingly to realistic programs but they are of relatively limited expressive power. In this paper, we show that the use of restricted form of dependent types can enable us to capture many more program invariants such as memory safety while retaining practical type-checking. The programmer can encode program invariants with type annotations and then verify these invariants through static type-checking. Also, the type annotations can serve as informative program documentation, which are mechanically verified and can thus be fully trusted. We argue with realistic examples that this restricted form of dependent types can significantly facilitate program verification as well as program documentation.
Structure-Electrical Transport Property Relationship of Anisotropic iPP/CNT Films

The internal micro/nano-structure of anisotropically oriented polymer/CNTs composites determines their macroscopic properties. However, the connections between the two are not fully understood. The varying of CNT concentration, preparation method, and a thermodynamic parameter (e.g. temperature) can all play interconnected role. In this work, the macroscopic electrical conductivity was measured perpendicular to the film thickness of an insulating polymer (isotactic PolyPropylene, iPP) and a nano-composite of iPP with 5 weight percent of CNT. The thin films studied were sheared (anisotropically nano-structured) and non-sheared (with random internal structure). In general the effect of melt shearing induces anisotropy on the electrical transport properties of the iPP/CNT films in directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of orientation. Our results show that for the pure iPP, resistivity slightly increases with shear at higher temperatures. When CNTs are introduced, there is a large difference between the resistivity of the sheared and non-sheared nanocomposite. The sheared PNCs when the CNTs are aligned parallel to each other, have higher resistivity, which is possibly due to the higher concentration at which the percolation threshold occurs in this arrangement. The resistivity decreases overall, as the temperature increases from 0 to 50 °C. These results show that CNTs can be used to control and fine tune the desired macroscopic physical properties of nanocomposites, by concentration and orientation, such as electrical conductivity, for applications where such properties are necessary.
Preliminary report: Modification of the needle urethropexy in the management of stress incontinence

The management of stress urinary incontinence continues to be a perplexing problem for the gynecologist. The needle urethropexy procedures have undergone extensive revision with modifications of Pereyra, Stamey, Gittes, and Raz. In 16 patients with severe pelvic floor relaxation a modified needle urethropexy was performed along with vaginal surgery for correction of prolapse. Two small suprapubic incisions are made. No vaginal incision is required. The Pereyra needle is passed twice on each side of the urethra from the rectus fascia through the full thickness of the vaginal mucosa at the level of the urethrovesical junction. A 5-mm Mersilene strip is used in the suspension. At 2 months vaginal mucosa has epithelialized over the strips in all patients. There were 5 objective failures, but 4 of these patients were subjective cures. Two patients developed vesical instability. One patient postoperatively was unable to void, and 4 months later the sutures were cut. Only 1 patient developed suture rejection 11 months after surgery.
Leadership and management of academic anesthesiology departments in the United States

Abstract Study Objective To characterize the approach of academic chairs of anesthesiology in leading and managing their departments, and to gain insights into what they considered the most difficult challenges as chairs. Design Internet-based survey instrument conducted during July and August of 2006. Setting Academic medical center. Measurements Department chairs of 132 academic anesthesiology programs who were listed on the Society of Academic Anesthesiology Chairs Listserv, were surveyed. The overall number of respondents were reported. However, as all questions were voluntary, not all were answered by each respondent. Observations are therefore reported as absolute numbers and percentages on a question-by-question basis. Respondents were asked to rank responses to some questions in order of importance (eg, 1=most important). These data are presented as rank ordered median values, determined by the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Significant differences between groups were determined by Dunn's post test. A P -value Main Results The overall response rate was 55%. Chairs spent 36% of their time in leading, managing, and administration. They ranked Visionary and Coaching styles of leadership as most important. Seventy-nine percent had developed "Vision" statements for the department and 64% of respondents had set goals for divisions. To communicate within departments, 74% of Chairs had at least monthly faculty meetings and 50% held at least yearly faculty retreats. Chairs preferred communicating contentious issues face to face. Ninety-five percent of Chairs held at least yearly performance appraisals and 85% had an established incentive system in the department. Academic productivity (73%) and clinical time (68%) were the most common components of the incentive system. In 65% of departments, Chairs delegated the program directorship and in 73%, the running of the National Residency Matching Program. The financial state of the department was shared at least annually in 93% of departments. In most departments (77%), faculty salary ranges were known but individual faculty salaries were not shared. Conclusions Chairs considered the most important leadership challenge to be setting direction for the department, and the most difficult management challenges as "fostering research and scholarship" and "maintaining revenue to support faculty".
Resiliency of silicone o‐rings

The recovery of silicone o-rings after 23% compression at room temperature (22°C) was determined. Two sets of experiments were performed. To determine the effect of temperature on resiliency, the recovery of o-rings that had been compressed for 24 h at room temperature was measured at both 22°C and −7°C. To determine the effect of storage under compression on resiliency, the recovery at 22°C of o-rings compressed at room temperature for 6 months or 1 year was compared with those compressed for 24 h. In addition, the effect of a silicone lubricant on the recovery of the o-rings was determined. The initial room temperature recovery of silicone o-rings after being compressed for 6 months is somewhat slower than those compressed for 24 h. There is very little change in the recovery of the o-rings compressed for 1 year compared with those compressed for 6 months. Recovery after 24 h of compression is slower at −7°C than at 22°C. Silicone oil lubricant appears to aid recovery after 24 h of compression but has little effect after 6 months or 1 year of compression. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Price-Transparency and Cost Accounting Challenges for Health Care Organizations in the Consumer-Driven Era

Health care reform is directed toward improving access and quality while containing costs. An essential part of this is improvement of pricing models to more accurately reflect the costs of providing care. Transparent prices that reflect costs are necessary to signal information to consumers and producers. This information is central in a consumer-driven marketplace. The rapid increase in high deductible insurance and other forms of cost sharing incentivizes the search for price information. The organizational ability to measure costs across a cycle of care is an integral component of creating value, and will play a greater role as reimbursements transition to episode-based care, value-based purchasing, and accountable care organization models. This article discusses use of activity-based costing (ABC) to better measure the cost of health care. It describes examples of ABC in health care organizations and discusses impediments to adoption in the United States including cultural and institutional barriers.
Classroom Ecology in Categorical Special Education Classrooms: and So, They Counted the Teeth in the Horsei

Teaching is systematic presentation of content assumed necessary for successful progress in school. Each year, large numbers of students fail to profit from the educational menu taught in America's schools. Many of these failing students are classified as handicapped and receive special education designed to compensate for or correct the problems believed to be the sources of their failure. Although very many students receive special education in self-contained classrooms, the effectiveness of this alternative educational placement remains an issue largely because so little is known about what special teachers do differently in their classrooms. Forty teachers of categorical special education classrooms were observed during various academic instructional periods. No differences were indicated in the extent to which these teachers demonstrated several general teaching behaviors (e.g., by using a variety of instructional strategies, maintaining active student involvement). The outcomes of this research rais...
Risk for osteoporosis in black women

Models of involutional bone loss and strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis have been developed for white women. Black women have higher bone densities than white women, but as the black population ages there will be an increasingly higher population of black women with osteoporosis. Strategies should be developed to reduce the risk of black women for fragility fractures.
The Self in a World of Going Concerns

While commentators on the postmodern scene have dismissed or trivialized the personal self, it nonetheless remains a central experiential construct, articulating a sense of moral agency for everyday life. This article examines self-construction in the context of a world of proliferating going concerns—social institutions—that increasingly shape the discursive contours of subjectivity. Both the negative and the positive sides of this development are examined, the analytic implications of which can move us in strikingly different directions. We conclude by offering suggestions for tying the study of the contemporary self to the variety of discursive environments and practices that set the conditions of possibility for who and what we are or could be.
Insulin regulation of human ovarian androgens

Hyperinsulinaemic insulin resistance is characteristic of many, if not all, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We will review evidence suggesting that hyperinsulinaemia promotes hyperandrogenism in PCOS by two distinct and independent mechanisms: (i) by increasing circulating ovarian androgens; and (ii) by directly reducing serum sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations. The net result of these actions is to increase circulating free testosterone concentrations. It appears likely that an inherent (probably genetically determined) ovarian defect need be present in women with PCOS, which makes the ovary susceptible to insulin stimulation of androgen production. Limited evidence suggests that hyperinsulinaemia might also promote ovarian androgen production by influencing pituitary release of gonadotrophins. This latter possibility, however, has not been critically evaluated. The clinical implication of these findings is that amelioration of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS may be achieved by interventions which improve insulin sensitivity and reduce circulating insulin. Such measures might include, but are not limited to, weight loss, dietary modification, and insulin-sensitizing medications.
GadY, a Small-RNA Regulator of Acid Response Genes in Escherichia coli

A previous bioinformatics-based search for small RNAs in Escherichia coli identified a novel RNA named IS183. The gene encoding this small RNA is located between and on the opposite strand of genes encoding two transcriptional regulators of the acid response, gadX (yhiX) and gadW (yhiW). Given that IS183 is encoded in the gad gene cluster and because of its role in regulating acid response genes reported here, this RNA has been renamed GadY. We show that GadY exists in three forms, a long form consisting of 105 nucleotides and two processed forms, consisting of 90 and 59 nucleotides. The expression of this small RNA is highly induced during stationary phase in a manner that is dependent on the alternative sigma factor sigmaS. Overexpression of the three GadY RNA forms resulted in increased levels of the mRNA encoding the GadX transcriptional activator, which in turn caused increased levels of the GadA and GadB glutamate decarboxylases. A promoter mutation which abolished gadY expression resulted in a reduction in the amount of gadX mRNA during stationary phase. The gadY gene was shown to overlap the 3' end of the gadX gene, and this overlap region was found to be necessary for the GadY-dependent accumulation of gadX mRNA. We suggest that during stationary phase, GadY forms base pairs with the 3'-untranslated region of the gadX mRNA and confers increased stability, allowing for gadX mRNA accumulation and the increased expression of downstream acid resistance genes.
Missed Opportunities for Universal HIV Screening in Primary Care Clinics

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has reported that the number of new cases of HIV infection has been underreported annually by at least 40,000 cases. In 2006, the CDC recommended that voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) was given to all patients aged 13 to 64 years in ambulatory care settings. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore primary care providers’ (PCP) perspectives on and experiences of facilitators and barriers to offering VCT as part of annual screening. Methods: This was a descriptive, exploratory study where fifteen primary care providers were individually interviewed. Only community-based primary care providers were interviewed, and no obstetrician / gynecologists were enrolled, as VCT is standard of care in that specialty. Results : Barriers included doubts about the CDC recommendation, time constraints, fear, and assumptions about age and marital status. Facilitators included normalizing HIV testing and the availability of resources and training. PCPs’ role as an advocate and their professional style had the paradoxical potential of being both a barrier and a facilitator to VCT. Providers’ ability to connect patients to community resources was linked to their persistence and experience. Conclusions : Findings suggest more effort is needed by PCPs to facilitate HIV counseling and testing more frequently to their ambulatory care patients. doi:10.4021/jocmr1014w
Chemical treatment of glass substrates

Abstract The effects of cleaning on the near-surface composition of Corning Code 1737 glass was studied. Cleaned glass substrates were found to develop a thin silica-rich surface layer approximately 6 nm thick formed by chemical leaching. The presence of this layer was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray scattering. Atomic force microscopy measurements of the glass before and after cleaning showed no increase in the surface roughness. Top-gated polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors fabricated on cleaned substrates had leakage currents, similar to those on substrates with deposited SiO2 layers.
Collection Policy or Documentation Strategy: Theory and Practice

Documentation strategy received a great deal of professional attention and interest during the 1980s. It appeared to provide a theoretical basis for the acquisition of primary source materials and suggested a number of specific methodologies. But are documentation strategies that different from collection development? A review of the archival literature over the past twenty years suggests that any difference may be more apparent than real.
Management of the Patient Who Presents Late After Thrombosis

Diagnosis of venous thoracic outlet syndrome can be delayed for many reasons or treatment of this condition can fail, all of which can lead to chronic occlusion of the subclavian vein. Treatment of these patients centers on surgical decompression of the thoracic outlet and limited post-­operative percutaneous venous interventions. Stenting of the subclavian vein prior to surgical decompression or as a stand-alone treatment is ­contra-indicated. Late recanalization of the vein has been reported in some cases.
Complications at cesarean section.

SUMMARY Despite the dramatic improvements in the mortality and morbidity rates of cesarean section, abdominal delivery is inherently more hazardous than vaginal delivery. Much of the mortality and morbidity that we recognize today is the result of the condition that mandated the cesarean section rather than of the procedure itself. The surgeon who recognizes complications early and acts skillfully to limit or repair damage will protect the patient from resulting morbidity. We must not be lulled by the routine nature of cesarean section; complications await the complacent.
Modification of Tumor Cell Response in Vitro by Vitamin E

The transformation from normal cells to cancer cells as a result of ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens (tumor initiators and promoters), viruses, any combination of these agents, or random genetic error during replication probably occur frequently in the body; however, these transformed cells do not always establish themselves in the host as a clinical cancer. This suggests that the host exerts considerable selection pressure against the first or the first few transformed cells. The transformed cells probably escape the selection pressure of the host when the level of selection pressure is reduced. The transformed cells then acquire additional mutations and eventually become clinically detectable. Recent studies have identified several components of the host’s selection pressure. These include certain vitamins, selenium, cAMP (adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate), and the host’s immune system. Among vitamins, alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is one of the important components of the host’s selection pressure against transformed cells.
The Potential Trajectory of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, an Emerging Threat to Health-Care Facilities, and the Impact of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Toolkit

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), a group of pathogens resistant to most antibiotics and associated with high mortality, are a rising emerging public health threat. Current approaches to infection control and prevention have not been adequate to prevent spread. An important but unproven approach is to have hospitals in a region coordinate surveillance and infection control measures. Using our Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst (RHEA) simulation model and detailed Orange County, California, patient-level data on adult inpatient hospital and nursing home admissions (2011-2012), we simulated the spread of CRE throughout Orange County health-care facilities under 3 scenarios: no specific control measures, facility-level infection control efforts (uncoordinated control measures), and a coordinated regional effort. Aggressive uncoordinated and coordinated approaches were highly similar, averting 2,976 and 2,789 CRE transmission events, respectively (72.2% and 77.0% of transmission events), by year 5. With moderate control measures, coordinated regional control resulted in 21.3% more averted cases (n = 408) than did uncoordinated control at year 5. Our model suggests that without increased infection control approaches, CRE would become endemic in nearly all Orange County health-care facilities within 10 years. While implementing the interventions in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's CRE toolkit would not completely stop the spread of CRE, it would cut its spread substantially, by half.
Obtaining High Quality DNA from Diverse Clinical Samples

Nucleic acids can be obtained in numerous ways from clinical specimens; however, the quality of the nucleic acid is only as good as the sampling and isolation protocol. While nucleic acids may be extracted they may not be representative of the original source. Large areas of tissue and explanted hardware must be successfully surveyed to reflect the overall clinical picture. Once good sampling technique has been established, successful bacterial nucleic acid isolation is essential. Clinical samples may be difficult to process because of the presence of scar tissue, bone, implants, and bacterial biofilms. The following protocols provide details on sampling techniques and DNA isolation from a variety of clinical samples which can then be used in downstream molecular applications including PCR-MS-ESI-TOF technology.
Cognitive Architectures for Human Factors in Aviation

There has been a great deal of investment and resultant progress in the development and evaluation of, improvements to, and compar- isons of cognitive architectures over the last several decades. Not all — however, certainly the majority — of that work has taken place since the publication of Weiner and Nagel's (1988) fi rst volume on Human Factors in Aviation, so it is understandable both that there was no mention of computational cognitive modeling or cognitive architectures in that fi rst edition, and also that the editors of the second edition are interested in expanding coverage of the text to include this relevant development in the scientifi c study of human performance and learning. The overarching interest and motivation for the existence of the avia- tion human factors community is improving the operational safety of current and future aviation systems. The people serving in the roles of pilots, navigators, maintainers, controllers, or other user-operator positions in all aviation-related sociotechnical systems are both enabled and constrained by their cognitive architectures. By improv- ing our understanding of the human cognitive architecture, we improve our understanding of an important component of the larger
Opportunity Costs and Latinas’ Family Formation Attitudes

Cultural ideals and acculturation influence Latinas’ fertility-related attitudes and family size preferences within the context of the U.S. social and economic structure. In this context, there may...
Time spent with food and nonfood incentives as a function of food deprivation

Rats were presented with pairs of the following incentives at 0. 11, and 22 hr. of food deprivation: food, plaything, and rat. Time spent with food increased up to 11 hr., but time spent with plaything vs. rat was independent of food deprivation. Ss preferred plaything to rat, food to rat, and food to plaything, with one exception: nondeprived Ss preferred plaything to food.
SURVEILLANCE REPORT OF EFFECT OF DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION IN PROVINCIAL LEVEL HOSPITALS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

Objective To know the status of disinfection and sterilization in provincial level hospitals in Yunnan province,in order to raise the level of disinfection management in hospitals.Methods Field sampling and laboratory test were used to monitor the effect of disinfection and sterilization of 28 hospitals.Results 804 samples were tested and the overall eligible rate was 92.4%.The eligible rates of sterilization of sterile equipments,sanitation quality of indoor air,disinfection effect of staff's hands,sanitation quality of object surfaces,disinfection effect of endoscopies,disinfectants in using and irradiance of ultraviolet lamps were 100%,82.5%,97.6%,97.2%,94.1%,92.3%,99.2% and 82.7% respectively.Conclusion The quality of disinfection and sterilization in provincial level hospitals in Yunnan province is good,while the quality of indoor air and ultraviolet lamps need to be improved.
The impact of relational activities on HMO organizational outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To report the findings of an empirical study of health maintenance organization (HMO) organizational outcomes and relational activities in HMO-pharmaceutical manufacturer relations. STUDY DESIGN A mailed survey of a national random sample of 273 HMOs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Data were obtained from 111 HMOs regarding their inter-organizational relations with a pharmaceutical manufacturer. Respondents reported on 3 relational activities (initiating behavior, flexibility, bidirectional communication) and 4 HMO organizational outcomes (long-term orientation, equity in sharing costs and benefits, commitment between partners, financial performance). Also, 3 control variables were assessed: number of enrolled beneficiaries, HMO type, and estimated annual acquisition costs of pharmaceuticals. Four multiple regression analyses were performed, each with one organizational outcome variable as the dependent variable. Measures of relational activities and the control variables were the independent variables in the regressions. RESULTS The response rate was 40.7%. All 3 relational activities showed significant associations with HMO organizational outcomes. Two relational activities (bidirectional communication, initiating behavior) showed significant and positive associations with a long-term orientation. Independent practice association (IPA)-model HMOs were less likely to report a long-term orientation toward a pharmaceutical manufacturer than other types of HMOs (adjusted R2 = 0.40). Bidirectional communication and flexibility were significantly and positively associated with the equity of costs and benefits (adjusted R2 = 0.29). Commitment had significant positive associations with all 3 relational activities (adjusted R2 = 0.50). All 3 relational activities had significant positive associations with financial performance. HMOs with an annual acquisition cost > $2 million were less likely to report favorable financial performance associated with a pharmaceutical manufacturer than were HMOs with lower costs (adjusted R2 = 0.42). CONCLUSION Relational activities, such as initiating behavior, flexibility, and bidirectional communication, can facilitate positive outcomes for HMOs. It is important for all parties interested in healthcare to recognize that managing care creates a tension between achieving patient outcomes and organizational outcomes.
Characterization and resistive switching properties of solution-processed HfO 2 , HfSiO 4 , and ZrSiO 4 thin films on rigid and flexible substrates

Memristors, nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching devices first intentionally fabricated in 2008 [1], have attracted attention for use in a wide range of applications. To date, most memristors have been fabricated from TiO x [1] or TaO x [2]. However, it is necessary to explore the memristive properties of other dielectric materials, because these dielectrics may have advantageous properties that have not yet been explored.
Initial investigation of data mining applications in event classification and location identification using simulated data from MinniWECC

Phasor measurement units can provide high resolution, synchronized measurements of a power system. These measurements result in massive amounts of data which is tall over time (30 samples per second) and wide over many channels. Data mining techniques are promising tools for quick and efficient examination of power system events with respect to multidimensional correlated data. In this paper, we discuss the implementation and performance of various data mining techniques for classifying common event types and the associated event location. Results are presented using test data from the MinniWECC model of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) which is designed to maintain inter-area modal properties. Results show promising performance of these techniques for identifying both events (classification rates exceeding 99%) and event locations (classification rates exceeding 80%). This paper also discusses strategies and challenges for implementing such data mining techniques to real world PMU data.
Evolution of dispersal strategies in conifers: Functional divergence and convergence in the morphology of diaspores

We provide an integrative view of the evolution of dispersal strategies in modern conifers, by characterizing and examining the phylogenetic distribution of diaspore functional morphotypes, diaspore structural compositions, seed coat modifications, and dispersal syndromes using the phylogeny of Leslie et al. (2012). We first classified diaspores into nine functional morphotypes, which represent overall dispersal strategies that encompass the multiple phases of dispersal. We mapped these morphotypes, the eight different structural compositions of diaspores, two types of seed coat modifications, and the four recognized dispersal vectors onto the phylogeny and used maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood to infer ancestral states and assess shifts in dispersal characteristics. We found that structural traits (diaspore composition and seed coat modifications) are more conserved than ecological traits (functional morphotype and dispersal vector/syndrome). Almost all diaspore functional morphotypes have multiple independent origins, with several instances of parallelism (using the same structures to generate a morphotype) within families, but generally functional convergence (using different structures to generate a morphotype) between families. Within extant conifer families, shifts in the dispersal syndrome occur most frequently with simultaneous shifts in both diaspore morphotype and composition. Shifts from winged wind-dispersed to fleshy animal-dispersed diaspores are infrequent and occur only in the direction from wind to animal dispersal. Shifts to gravity or water dispersal occur from both wind and animal dispersed diaspores, concurrent with the loss of dispersal structures from the diaspore. Within both wind and animal-dispersed syndromes, shifts between functional morphotypes represent further differentiation of overall dispersal strategies, and occur most frequently without corresponding changes in the structural composition of the diaspore. The recurrent evolution of distinct functional morphologies suggests that there are local adaptive maxima that balance tradeoffs in traits related to both transport and establishment, within developmental limitations. Overall, our results suggest that the ancestral diaspore type for all modern conifers consisted only of a seed. Conifers diversified in their dispersal strategies through seed coat modifications or by the incorporation of various parts of the seed cone into the diaspore, with the modern conifer families independently evolving their characteristic diaspore compositions. Almost all functional morphotypes were present prior to the Cenozoic in at least one lineage, with more recent shifts in morphotypes representing functional convergence or parallel evolution rather than ecological novelties.
Nutritional characterization of Mucuna pruriens: 1. Effect of maturity on the nutritional quality of botanical fractions and the whole plant.

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the stage of maturity at which the dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of velvet bean ( Mucuna pruriens ) is optimized. Mucuna was harvested at 77, 110 and 123 days after planting (DAP) from quadruplicate 5 m × 1 m plots within each of 6 blocks. At each DAP, DM yield, chemical composition, botanical composition, in vitro rumen fluid-pepsin DM digestibility (IVDMD) and concentrations of total polyphenols, l -dopa and tannins were determined on the whole plant and botanical fractions. Whole-plant Mucuna DM yield increased ( P P P P P P P Mucuna are concentrated in the leaves and the whole plant contains sufficient Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Na, Mo, Mn, and Zn for growing sheep, although their bioavailability of these minerals is unknown. Total polyphenol concentration quadratically ( P P P l -dopa concentration of the whole plant ( P P P P l -dopa was concentrated in the seeds and pods of mature (110–123 DAP) plants, but tannins were concentrated in leaves and stems. Whole-plant IVDMD was not affected by maturity, but digestible DM yield linearly ( P
Tour inspection technology of transmission lines

The purpose of inspections of transmission lines is mainly to monitor the operating condition of the lines and environmental conditions along the lines, and to discover hidden dangers that threaten or affect their safe operation in good time. Transmission lines always extend for hundreds or even thousands of kilometers along complicated topographical areas. Conventional on-the-ground inspection has great working strength and low efficiency, and its effect is restricted by many factors, so it is necessary for inspection technology to be improved. With the increase of voltage class and substantial increase in the lengths of transmission lines, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of maintenance, the conventional method of tour inspection needs to be developed to a new stage—a conjoint inspection method deploying helicopter inspection, robot inspection, UAV inspection, and manual inspection.
A three-dimensional predictive current trajectory control method for open-end winding induction motor

In automotive testing systems, effective and efficient control strategies are required to control the induction motor drives so that fast torque response and low torque ripple can be obtained. The fast torque response can be obtained by using predictive current control (PCC) due to its high bandwidth over a wide speed range; and the torque ripple can be reduced by using open-end winding induction motor (OEWIM). However, the conventional PCC with first order cost function has the problem of excessive computation burden and insufficient suppression on zero-sequence current. In this paper, a three-dimensional predictive current trajectory control (3DPCTC) method is proposed and implemented. Compared with conventional predictive control methods, the proposed method significantly reduces calculation burden, and provides stronger zero-sequence current suppression and lower current distortion as well as more stable transient response.
Abstract 11270: Incidence of Bleeding Events in Patients on Warfarin, Aspirin and/or Clopidogrel in an Anticoagulation Clinic of a Tertiary Medical Center

Background: Warfarin9s narrow therapeutic window poses a significant dilemma in clinical practice. There is limited data about the risks of combination therapy with warfarin, aspirin and/or clopidogrel even though this regimen is being more commonly used in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. Objectives: To evaluate the risk of all bleeding events in a clinic population and to investigate the rate of major bleeding events compared to minor bleeding in different treatment regimens. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study design, we analyzed 119 reported bleeding events among 5,992 patients who were being followed at an anticoagulation clinic in a tertiary medical center from August 2003 to June 2009. Complete data were available for 108 events. Major bleeding events (MBE) were defined as those requiring blood transfusion and/or intracranial hemorrhage. Three groups were defined. Group 1(N=74) includes patients on warfarin therapy only. Group 2 (N=26) have those on warfarin and aspirin only. Group 3 (N=8) consists of patients on triple therapy (warfarin, aspirin and clopidogrel). The risk of all bleeding events in the total population was calculated. Odds ratios comparing major bleeding to minor bleeding were calculated. Multivariate analysis was done controlling for potential confounders. Results: The mean (SD) age was 71.3 (13.8) years, 44.4% were male, 87.0% had hypertension, 36.4% had diabetes mellitus and 53.7% had coronary artery disease. The annual risk of all bleeding events (minor and major) is 0.33%. The ratio of developing a major bleeding event compared to a minor one was not significantly different for group 2 (80.8%) [OR 1.253; 95% CI; 0.411, 3.822] or group 3 (75%) (OR 0.964; 95% CI: 0.549, 1.692) when compared to group 1 (77%). The odds ratios remain unsignificant after controlling for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and INR levels. Conclusions: The risk of bleeding in a highly-coordinated tertiary care anticoagulation management clinic is much lower than that reported in the literature, suggesting that the type of anticoagulation clinic may impact the risk of bleeding. Also, compared to developing minor bleeding, patients on dual or triple therapy are not at higher risk of experiencing significant major bleeding events.
Spinless boson decay and l+l−γ events

Abstract A heavy spinless boson with derivative couplings to fermions can have a significant radiative decay into light fermions. This decay is considered as an alternative to Z decay to be a source for the anomalous l + l − γ events in Z searches. The kinematics of this decay is compatible with the events. Various production modes in p p collisions are compared and a possible connection to technicolor is mentioned.
A Comparison of Peer Network and Peer Video Modeling to Increase Positive Verbal Social Interactions in Young Children With Disabilities

The ability to engage in positive social interactions is an important goal for young children with developmental disabilities (DDs). Peer-mediated intervention (PMI), one category of interventions ...
The protean proton in water

Explanations for the nature of excess protons in liquid water, including their extraordinarily high mobility, have long eluded researchers. New quantum molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the hydrated proton is of an inherently fluxional character, with two favoured theoretical views featuring only as limiting structures.
Oxygen Management and Prevention of Cerebral Ischemia

In this chapter, we discuss the current practices, controversies, and current and future research concerning oxygen management of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Prevention of secondary injuries is paramount to the care of TBI patients, so understanding the different mechanisms of secondary injury in TBI patients (including ischemia, mitochondrial damage, and free radical formation) will contribute to their prevention, with the ultimate goal of improving neurologic outcomes. Although many of the data regarding brain tissue oxygen monitoring and directed management are still controversial, different techniques and systems used for monitoring have been proven safe and potentially beneficial. Recent studies investigate the unique option of hyperbaric hyperoxia treatment for severely injured TBI patients, with promising early results.
Not a cape, but a life preserver: the importance of designer localization in interactive sea level rise viewers

Interactive sea level rise viewers (ISLRVs) are an increasingly popular risk communication technology designed to help users visualize the effects of water inundation on their region so as to facilitate more prudent decision-making. Designed by and for a variety of stakeholders, these viewers generally have as their goal affording users a more "localized" experience with climate change and sea level rise data, allowing users to explore as specific as street-level the effects of rising waters in coastal regions. While the rise of these tools mirrors the trend in risk communication scholarship towards more localized messaging, there is still more work to be done in terms of providing a more localized user experience for a broader public audience. This article presents the results of a user experience study conducted with 12 residents of a coastal region, the results of which formulate an attempt to develop more insight into techniques for designer localization. The article concludes with concrete recommendations for scholars and practitioners concerned with designing more effective interactive risk communication technologies that respond to the public need for localized information for decision-making.
Characterization of Antigenic Oligosaccharides from Gram-Negative Bacteria via Activated Electron Photodetachment Mass Spectrometry

Lipooligosaccharides (LOS), composed of hydrophilic oligosaccharides and hydrophobic lipid A domains, are found on the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Here we report the characterization of deacylated LOS of LPS by activated-electron photodetachment mass spectrometry. Collision induced dissociation (CID) of these phosphorylated oligosaccharides produces simple MS/MS spectra with most fragment ions arising from cleavages near the reducing end of the molecule where the phosphate groups are located. In contrast, 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) generates a wide array of product ions throughout the oligosaccharide including cross-ring fragments that illuminate the branching patterns. However, there are also product ions that are redundant or uninformative, resulting in more congested spectra that complicate interpretation. In this work, a hybrid UVPD-CID approach known as activated-electron photodetachment (a-EPD) affords less congested spectra than UVPD alone and richer fragmentation pa...
School Counselor Training in Professional Advocacy: The Role of the Counselor Educator

Using interviews as a primary data source, the experiences of counselor educators preparing school counselors to engage in professional advocacy (i.e., promoting their value and roles) were examine...
Wave Propagation in Non-Simple Media

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses wave propagation in nonsimple media. The general properties of wave solutions are developed for certain classes of the function f (u, ux, ut). The roles played by wave form and velocity in the case of the simple wave equation are reversed. For any given function f (u, ux, ut ), there exist one or more continuous spectra of propagation speeds, while the number of distinct types of wave forms is quite restricted. In the simplest case, for each value of the speed, |c|, in a certain continuous range of values, there is a one-parameter family of wave profiles and all members of other two-parameter family of profiles are of the same type. The crux of the analysis is that the problem of finding wave solutions of any nonsimple wave equation reduces immediately to that of solving an ordinary differential equation. The chapter discusses a known relationship between singular points and periodic solutions to yield a necessary condition for the existence of periodic waves.
It's about time: Examining the role of session timing in Cognitive Processing Therapy in active duty military personnel

Abstract Current research into Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) examines how and for whom CPT works best, with a focus on understanding treatment outcomes in special populations. Session timing appears to have an effect on CPT outcomes in civilian samples, but the role of timing in CPT has not yet been investigated in a military sample. Thus, this study examines the relationships between session frequency and consistency and changes in symptoms and dropout in a trial of CPT in the military. Participants included 135 active duty service members who sought treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Mage = 32.6 years; 89.6% male; 41.5% White, 26.7% Black, 23.0% Hispanic). Service members participated in 12 sessions of individual CPT intended to be scheduled twice per week, and completed follow-up assessments at 2 weeks and 6 months post-treatment. Results indicated that participants attended sessions about every 6.5 days and that session frequency and consistency were not related to rate of change in PTSD or depression outcomes. Session frequency was related to dropout, such that longer time between sessions was related to increased dropout. These results suggest that the positive outcomes seen after CPT are stable despite the unique challenges in logistics seen with military service members.
For Whom the Pandemic Tolls: A Person-Centric Analysis of Older Workers

We offer a worker-centric perspective on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the aging workforce We briefly describe 3 broad characteristics of pandemics—mortality salience, isolation from the workplace, and rising unemployment—in terms of their associated pathways of influence on older workers, and recommendations for future research
Surgical treatment of primary mobile spine chordoma.

Background and objectives Chordomas of the mobile spine (C1-L5) are rare malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to review the outcome of surgical treatment for patients with primary mobile spine chordomas. Methods The oncologic outcomes and survival of 26 patients undergoing surgical resection for a primary mobile spine chordoma were assessed over a 25-year period. The mean follow-up was 12 ± 6 years. Results The 2-, 5-, and 10-year disease-free survivals were 95%, 61%, and 55%. The local recurrence-free survival was improved in patients receiving en bloc resection with negative margins (83% vs. 35%, p = 0.02) and similar in patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy (43% vs. 45%, p = 0.30) at 10 years. Debulking of the tumor (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.41, p = 0.01) and a local recurrence (HR = 9.52, p = 0.005) were associated with death due to disease. Complications occurred in 19 (73%) patients, leading to reoperation in 9 (35%) patients; this rate was similar in intralesional and en bloc procedures. Conclusion Surgical resection of mobile spine chordomas is associated with a high rate of complications; however, en bloc resection can provide a hope for cure and appears to confer better oncologic outcomes for these tumors without an increase in complications compared to lesser resections.