cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Psychiatric Manifestations of Alzheimer's Disease

Objective: To test the null hypothesis, ie, that there are no gender differences in psychiatric problems manifest in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Design: Survey. Setting: Patients living in the community and evaluated at Alzheimer's disease and geriatric outpatient programs. Patients: Three hundred twenty-eight women and 186 men clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease using NINCDS/ADRDA or DSM-III-R criteria. Measurements: Psychiatric signs and symptoms recorded following a psychiatric interview, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Results: Approximately two-thirds of both men and women had psychiatric problems, but women had significantly more multiple symptoms. When pairs of symptoms were analyzed for independence, agitation was only significantly associated with paranoia in men, whereas in women agitation was significantly associated with most other psychiatric problems. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of multiple psychiatric problems in women may be due to many factors, including sociodemographic influences, physician bias, and/or other differences between men and women. The finding of a different pattern of association of symptoms with agitation in men and women deserves replication.
A unified framework for the Sussman, Moyal, and Janssen formulas

This paper derives three fundamental identities in the radar and sonar literature, namely, Sussman' identity for ambiguity functions, Moyal's formula which establishes the value of the inner product between two scattering functions, and Janseen's formula which establishes identities for mixed inner products between waveforms and Gabor wavelets. Starting from the fundamental convolution identity, we derive Sussman's identity. Following from an initial value theorem of Fourier analysis, we obtained Moyal's formula. Following from Poisson's sum formula and an initial value theorem, we also obtained Janssen's equality. The relationship between these three identities is as follows: Janssen's formula is a sampled-data version of Moyal's formula, and both follow from Sussman's identity. In turn, Sussman's identity is a consequence of the fundamental convolution identity.
Measures of availability of health care services for children.

Abstract Objective The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA) mandates that measures of availability of child health services be included in the recommended core measurement set. The objective of this work was to review and evaluate measures of availability of child health services for potential inclusion in the initial core set of health care quality measures as mandated by CHIPRA. Methods To find measures, I searched the published literature, measurement sets, and recommended articles to identify existing measures of availability. I comment on the use of these measures as well as their reliability and validity (where available). Results I identified measures of geographic availability (n = 11), timeliness (n = 7), and barriers (n = 4). Geographic measures range from counts of the number of providers in a specific area to measures that account for whether providers are open to caring for patients with public insurance and distance. Measures of timeliness address whether patients can see a provider quickly. Barriers measure the ease with which providers can be seen. Conclusions Of potential use to the CHIPRA measurement initiative are objective measures of provider density and some existing parent survey questions about timeliness and ease of use. Other measures include more refined measures of density or distance, perhaps looking at providers who are taking new Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program patients and more detailed questions about the timeliness and ease with which patients can get care. However, more work is needed on the validity and reliability of existing measures; more work is also needed to expand measures of availability beyond existing domains of providers and conditions.
The Passive Small Group: Working Concepts

Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Medical School A small group that shows little substance, involvement, or prospects for change poses a common practical problem for the group leader or consultant, who must identify the relevant issues that need to be spoken to or interpreted. This paper presents three perspectives that should be considered by the group leader or consultant in the diagnosis of these situations: (1) intergroup difficulties; (2) patterns of shared magical thinking; and (3) negative (ego) judgments about the safety of the situation for individual contributions. The literature which separately describes each of these perspectives is reviewed. A case study, of a Small Study Group, in which all three kinds of issues arose at different points in its history, demonstrates the practical application of this integrated theory of passivity in the small group. Although many situations of passive, apparently uninvolved small groups have behind this surface a complexity of intergroup ten...
A Comparison of Levels of Involvement for Parents with At-Risk African American Kindergarten Children in Classrooms with High versus Low Teacher Encouragement.

Based on data obtained from their teacher, 76 African American kindergarten children were classified as at risk for poor educational outcome. The parents of these at-risk children also reported their parent involvement levels. Independent ratings by trained observers were used to divide the teachers into a highand low-involvement group based on measures of general involvement and involvement in two specific domains, that is, home-school conmmunication and school volunteering. No statistically significant differences were presentbetween the two groups of parents on the general involvement scores. However, statistically significant differences between parents occurred in home-school communication and school volunteering for parents grouped by teachers who were high and low in the encouragement of specific activities in these two areas. The implications of these findings, including designing and evaluating parent involvement programs for the large number of families with young African American children at-ri...
Key messages and message integrity as concepts and metrics in communication evaluation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of key messages and key message integrity, and examines their viability for communication management scholars and practitioners in evaluating media relations activities. Key message integrity addresses not only what messages transfer, but also how well. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyzed 18 nonprofit organizations’ key messages and the messages’ integrity levels using content analysis on one month of their news coverage. In-depth interviews with eight of their media relations practitioners helped validate the concepts and the results. Findings – The authors found five unique categories and functions of key messages: information concerned with dissemination, raison d’etre concerned with purpose, categories concerned with positioning, resource management concerned with accounting for resources, and social relevance concerned with legitimacy. Findings also revealed varying levels of transmission and message integrity across the ...
Defect modes in photonic band structures: a Green’s function approach using vector Wannier functions

I present a treatment of highly localized defect states in photonic band-gap crystals. Vector Wannier functions, which are expected to be highly localized about the atomic sites, are introduced as an orthonormal basis to expand the fields within the crystal. A Green’s function formalism is employed to take advantage of the fact that the defect occupies only a small fraction of the volume within a primitive cell and the localized nature of the vector Wannier functions. This suggests that the size of the matrices involved in determining the defect mode frequencies may be relatively modest.
Purification and characterization of a mammalian homolog of Escherichia coli MutY mismatch repair protein from calf liver mitochondria

A protein homologous to the Escherichia coli MutY glycosylase, referred to as mtMYH, has been purified from calf liver mitochondria. SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blot analysis as well as gel filtration chromatography predicted the molecular mass of the purified calf mtMYH to be 35–40 kDa. Gel mobility shift analysis showed that the purified mtMYH formed specific binding complexes with A/8-oxoG, G/8-oxoG and T/8-oxoG, weakly with C/8-oxoG, but not with A/G and A/C mismatches. The purified mtMYH exhibited DNA glycosylase activity removing adenine mispaired with G, C or 8-oxoG and weakly removing guanine mispaired with 8-oxoG. The mtMYH glycosylase activity was insensitive to high concentrations of NaCl and EDTA. The purified mtMYH cross-reacted with antibodies against both intact MutY and a peptide of human MutY homolog (hMYH). DNA glycosylase activity of mtMYH was inhibited by anti-MutY antibodies but not by anti-hMYH peptide antibodies. Together with the previously described mitochondrial MutT homolog (MTH1) and 8-oxoG glycosylase (OGG1, a functional MutM homolog), mtMYH can protect mitochondrial DNA from the mutagenic effects of 8-oxoG.
High performance multimodal networks

Networks often form the core of many users' spatial databases. Networks are used to support the rapid navigation and analysis of linearly connected data such as that found in transportation networks. Common types of analysis performed on such networks include shortest path, traveling salesman, allocation, and distance matrix computation. Network data models are usually represented as a small collection of tables: a junction table and an edge table. In the context of networks used to model transportation infrastructure, it is also necessary to model turn restrictions and impedances (delays). Network data is frequently persisted in normalized relational tables that are accessible via standard SQL-based queries. We propose a different approach where the network connectivity information is persisted using a compressed binary storage representation in a relational database. The connectivity information is accessible via standard Java, .NET, and COM APIs that are tailored to common access patterns used in the support of high performance network engines. These network engines run on the client or application server tier rather than as extensions on the relational server. In this paper, we discuss the problem of building a robust and scalable implementation of a network data model. The fundamental and central requirements are enumerated. These requirements include support for hierarchical networks, turn restrictions, and logical z elevations. We propose a different approach to representing network topology that addresses many of the high-end modeling requirements of network systems. Our approach supports all of the listed requirements in addition to multimodal modeling (e.g., coexistent road, bus, and rail networks) within the context of multi-user, long transaction databases.
Artemisinin: An alternative treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma

Artemisinin (AR) is a widely used antimalarial drug. Recently, additional uses for AR as an anticancer drug were discovered. Using TUNEL, immunohistochemistry (IHS) markers and flow cytometry techniques, we evaluated the effect of AR and 5-FU on HPV 16 immortalized and transformed human gingival epithelial (IHGK) cells. The results of TUNEL showed that AR-treated IHGK cells consisted of 82% positive cells, while 5-FU-treated cells consisted of 18% positive cells. The IHS markers demonstrated positive staining with Bax p53, CD40 and CD40L in AR-treated cells and negative staining with Bcl-2. 5-FU-treated cells demonstrated a profile similar to AR but with less intensity. Cell cycle by flow cytometry results showed that only 5-FU-treated cells demonstrated a significant S-phase rate increase to 45%. In conclusion, our results indicate that AR is cytotoxic to transformed oral epithelial cells through apoptosis, while 5-FU is cytotoxic primarily through cell toxicity.
Injuries to the Metatarsophalangeal Joints in Athletes

Injury to the metatarsophalangeal joints in sports has become an increasing problem with the advent of more flexible shoewear and artificial playing surfaces. These injuries vary from mild sprains to severe tearing of the capsuloligamentous complex including avulsion fractures. This may include a compression fracture of the metatarsal head in the more severe cases. At the extreme, dislocation or fracture-dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joint occurs. The findings in 62 cases of these injuries in Rice University athletes from 1971 to 1985 are presented. Treatment follows a standard regimen of ice, taping and anti-inflammatory medication with gradual return to sports activity as symptoms allow. Recommendations for preventive therapy include stiffening the forefoot in athletic shoes or the use of an orthotic device. This should reduce the incidence of long-term sequelae.
Engineering of head-mounted projective displays

Head-mounted projective displays (HMPD's) are a novel type of head-mounted display. A HMPD consists of a miniature projection lens mounted upon the user's head and retroreflective sheeting material placed strategically in the environment. First, the imaging concept of a HMPD is reviewed and its potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The design and a bench prototype implementation are then presented. Finally, the effects of retroreflective materials on the imaging properties and the optical properties of HMPD's are comprehensively investigated.
Seminal Review Issue

The Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America continues to enjoy an ever-enlarging circulation and popular success with readers from the specialties interested in facial plastic surgery. Periodically, certain specific contributions from individual issues generate exceptional interest. Often these contributions represent the author’s significant clinical experience, which is offered to the readers to compare with their own techniques or to incorporate into their own clinical approaches. Some may promote a new approach or innovation and provide the reader with the author’s unique perspective. In this issue we are pleased to respond to the special interest in many topics from past issues and combine them into one single source. The issue will reflect key components of advanced surgical technique and describe emerging surgical alternatives. It
Decreased plasma levels of select very long chain ceramide species Are associated with the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetes

Abstract Objective Sphingolipid metabolism is altered in diabetes and we analyzed the plasma concentrations of sphingolipid species to investigate their association with the development of albuminuria in type 1 patients with diabetes. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from 497 type 1 diabetic patients during their enrollment into the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). We determined plasma concentrations of multiple ceramide species and individual sphingoid bases and their phosphates using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and investigated their association with the development of albuminuria during 14–20 years of follow-up. Results Patients exhibited normal albumin excretion rates (AER Conclusion These studies demonstrate, prospectively, that decreased plasma levels of select ceramide species are associated with the development of macroalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
Distributed mission operations with the Multi-mission Encrypted Communication System

The traditional model of mission operations is centralized with all activities taking place at a single location. The Multi-mission Encrypted Communication System (MECS) is a tool for enabling distributed operations where scientists and engineers at several locations collaborate over the Internet to perform mission operations activities. There are many reasons why distributed operations are desirable. Travel and facilities costs can be reduced. Disruption can also be reduced both at the mission operations facility which no longer has to house remote participants, and in the lives of remote participants who no longer have to leave their homes for weeks at a time. Finally, the level of participation can be increased leading to greater return from a mission. The MECS architecture is centered around maintaining cached file replicas in a consistent state on remote machines. Challenges that are addressed by NECS include security, compatibility with legacy applications, clients that disconnect and reconnect to the network frequently, and user interface issues involved in keeping users informed when files are created or modified. This paper discusses MECS' architecture for distributed operations and lessons learned from a field test in May 2001.
Intestinal Bacterial Flora and Transit Time of Three Neotropical Bat Species

Klite, P. D. (Middle America Research Unit, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone). Intestinal bacterial flora and transit time of three neotropical bat species. J. Bacteriol. 90:375–379. 1965.—Quantitative studies on the intestinal bacterial flora of three neotropical bat species revealed the following average bacterial populations: Molossus major, 104.8 bacteria per intestinal contents; Carollia perspicillata, 103.3; Chilonycteris rubiginosa, 103.9. In comparison, laboratory mice had an average of 109.7 bacteria per intestinal contents. Of 236 bacterial isolates obtained from 60 bats, bacteria of the Klebsiella-Aerobacter-Serratia group were found most frequently, followed by enterococci and Proteus spp. Bacteria of eight other groups were less frequently recovered. A large intestine, cecum, or appendix was absent in all three bat species, and the intestinal length was one-third to one-fifth of that in a mouse of comparable weight. The transit time through the short bat intestine was 15 min. The possible relationship of these unusual anatomical and physiological phenomena to the ability of Histoplasma capsulatum to survive in bat feces is discussed.
No Detection of Cry1Ac Protein in Soil After Multiple Years of Transgenic Bt Cotton (Bollgard) Use

Soil samples were collected from within and outside six fields where insect-resistant transgenic cotton (Bollgard) encoding the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) subsp. kurstaki cry1Ac gene had been grown and subsequently incorporated into soil by postharvest tillage for 3–6 consecutive years. The level of Cry1Ac protein in these samples (collected 3 mo after the last season’s tillage) was evaluated using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and bioassays with a susceptible insect species, Heliothis virescens (F.), the tobacco budworm. Both methods revealed that no detectable Cry1Ac protein was present in any of the soil samples collected from within or outside the Bollgard fields. Based on the results from reference standards, the limit of detection for the ELISA was 3.68 ng of extractable protein per gram of soil, and that of the bioassay (measured by EC50) was 8 ng of biologically active protein per gram of soil. Together, these findings demonstrate that the amount of Cry1Ac protein accumulated as a result of continuous use of transgenic Bt cotton, and subsequent incorporation of plant residues into the soil by postharvest tillage, is extremely low and does not result in detectable biological activity.
Optimization of Waste Removal for Wide Shallow Rivers

A two-dimensional water quality management model is presented for rivers where quality constraints are stated for only a portion of the channel cross section defined as a clearlane. The model is applicable for discharges into rivers when dilution by lateral mixing or degradation, or both, by aerobic decay results in allowable concentrations over a portion of the channel. Results are presented for an example involving five outfall discharges along a river with four different configurations of the physical situation comprising different channel shapes and mixing assumptions. Water quality management strategies, including the optimal waste treatment cost, are shown to be dependent on the physical nature of the receiving river and the definition of the clearlane.
Establishing traceability to NIST SRM 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard

Abstract The NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard was updated in April 2015 to contain new information relevant to the forensic community. Previously, there were certified genotypes for 24 autosomal STR markers plus Amelogenin and 17 Y-STR markers. Due to the increase in markers present in larger commercial autosomal STR and Y-STR multiplex kits recently released, there is a need to add certified types for these new markers for each component of SRM 2391c (Components A–F). The updated Certificate of Analysis has certified values for 1 additional autosomal STR marker (D6S1043) and 12 additional Y-STR markers (29 total). Also, the number of STR multiplex assays tested increased from 24 to 43. Sanger sequencing was performed on Components A–C, E and F (Component D is a mixture of Components A and C) for all the certified markers to determine the STR repeat motifs and to characterize adjacent flanking regions and underlying polymorphisms (sequence, insertion-deletion, variation in complex motifs) typically not detected by fragment-based typing. SRM 2391c Components A-F can be used to establish traceability in a laboratory based on the updated certified and reference genotypes/haplotypes (information values cannot be used for NIST traceable materials). The simple steps to achieve NIST traceability with SRM 2391c will be explained.
Dental school clinics as patient care delivery centers: a paradigm shift in dental education.

Dental school clinics—by virtue of being centers of student, faculty, and patient activity—are expensive to operate and challenging to run. They also could be potential major revenue sources, efficient patient-centered delivery systems, and stimulating educational hubs. The Macy study recommends
The Auxin-Stimulated ENOX and Auxin Stimulation of Plant Growth

Classically, growth regulators of the auxin type have been used experimentally to modulate rates of cell expansion of excised stem segments floated on auxin solutions. Among the auxins are a natural plant hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and synthetic analogs such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (α-NAA). 2,4-D was developed during World War II as a selective herbicide for control of dicotyledenous weeds in corn, small grains, and other grasses. Auxins, both natural and synthetic, stimulate plant cells to increase in size (enlarge) by similar but not identical mechanisms. Cells of organisms other than plants normally do not respond to auxins. The auxin-regulated driver of cell elongations is an ENOX protein induced by auxin but, in contrast to the other related ENOX proteins, has not been cloned. Recombinant and native ENOX1 of plants does not respond to auxins, and the two activities, auxin-responsive and auxin-nonresponsive ENOX1 activity, have been resolved as separate entities by purification on concanavalin A columns and are readily differentiated based on response to quassinoid inhibitors. The constitutive ENOX1 and the constitutive cell elongation of plant stems were inhibited by simalikalactone D but not by glaucarubolone, whereas the 2,4-D-stimulated ENOX activity and the 2,4-D-stimulated growth were inhibited by glaucarubolone but not by simalikalactone D. Also, in contrast to the constitutive plant ENOX1, the auxin-stimulated ENOX is inhibited by many of the same substances that also inhibit the human cancer-associated ENOX2. In other respects, the auxin-stimulated ENOX has functional properties similar to those of the constitutive ENOX1 including NAD(P)H and hydroquinone oxidation, the reduction of oxygen to form water, protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity directly involved in the cell enlargement process, and the typical 5-maxima periodic oscillatory activity with a period length of 24 min. The auxin-stimulated activity absolutely requires auxin for activity and activity is induced by auxin addition. Immediately following 2,4-D or IAA addition, a very complex pattern of oscillations ensues. However after several hours, a dominant 24-min period emerges at the expense of the constitutive activity while the sum of the two activities remains constant. The recruitment process, whereby an altered ENOX form coverts a normal ENOX form of a protein into a likeness of itself, is analogous to that exhibited by prions. Unlike the response to indole-3-acetic acid, the natural auxin regulator, the response to the synthetic auxin herbicide 2,4-D is that of persistence of the new 2,4-D-induced idiotype long after the 2,4-D is completely metabolized and no longer present. The new 2,4-D induced idiotype then persists as growth of affected tissue and plant parts become unregulated and cancer like with death of the plant as the result.
Superconductivity and Superconducting Fluctuations

The first part of this paper will be devoted to an outline of the theory of superconductivity in order to develop sufficient background to appreciate what effects fluctuations have upon super-conductivity. The second part by Dr. H. Gutfreund will discuss in more detail superconductivity and the more general problem of instabilities of one-dimension systems. In the third part we will discuss jointly the excitonic model of superconductivity and the results of a recent analysis of a particular model which we have proposed which appears to offer the possibility of achieving super-conductivity at comparatively high temperatures.
Experimental pathologic observation on chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of pesticide pyraflufen-ethyl in rats

Objective To explore the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of pesticide pyraflufen-ethyl in rats.Methods According to National Standards of "Toxicological Methods of Pesticides for Registration"(GB15670-1995 of PRC),chronic toxicity tests and carcinogenicity tests were conducted.These samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin firstly.Then the samples were embedded in paraffin after dehydration process.Afterward,the samples were sectioned and stained by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.Finally,the sections were cemented by gum and observed in light microscope.Results Chronic toxicity tests revealed that the degeneration ratio of renal tubular epithelial cells in high dosage group was significantly increased comparing to control group(P≤0.01).Furthermore,the middle dosage group results showed there was a similar increasing in the proportion of tubulointerstitial nephritis(P≤0.05),however,there were no evident renal pathology differences between low dosage group and control group.In addition,other pathological changes in any dosage group were not remarkably different from control groups.Statistical incidence variance of tumor,multiple primary neoplasms and tumor latency in different groups were not observed in carcinogenicity tests.Conclusion We found that the main target organ was kidney and sexual differences existed in chronic toxicity,in addition,the tumorigenesis of rats would not be elevated by Pyraflufen-ethyl.
The comparative study of the result of whitening treatment before and after orthodontic treatment

Objective To study the reason why there're regular spots on the surfaces of the teeth of orthodontic patients after whitening treatment. Methods Applying whitening treatment to patients with or without orthodontic treatment and to the extracted teeth before or after orthodontic treatment. Then compared the visual result of the vital teeth and SEM result of the extracted teeth. Results After whitening, there were regular spots on the teeth with orthodontic treatment, while SEM showed there was enamel-resin layer on the surfaces of the extracted teeth after orthodontic treatment. Conclusion The existence of the enamel-resin layer after orthodontic treatment leads to the regular spots on the surfaces of teeth after whitening.
Successful treatment of primary aorta-esophageal fistula resulting from aortic aneurysm

Most aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta rupture unless treated surgically. Autopsy studies in these patients indicate that rupture occurs into the esophagus in 10% of the cases and constitutes the most common cause of aorta-esophageal fistula. A reasonable literature review has not revealed a previously successful treatment for this condition. Experience in the treatment of patients with aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta partially obstructing the esophagus without fistula formation indicates that simple graft replacement is curative. When the disease has progressed to actual fistula formation and esophageal bleeding, as illustrated in these two case reports, operation is done to prevent exsanguination. Appropriate management involves control of hemorrhage and treatment of the chronic esophageal perforation. The former is accomplished by resection and graft replacement of the ruptured thoracic aneurysm. Alternatives in dealing with the chronic esophageal defect are planned, staged reconstruction in high-risk patients and immediate resection and intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy in selected patients.
Noncosmetic uses of botulinum toxin in otolaryngology

Botulinum toxin has several noncosmetic uses in otolaryngology. It is the primary treatment for spasmodic dysphonia and may be effective in select patients who have essential tremor of the voice. It may also be used to treat swallowing difficulties caused by cricopharyngeal dysfunction.
Hemophagocytosis-Related (Asian Variant) Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma in a Hispanic Patient: A Case Report Highlighting a Micronodular Pattern in the Spleen.

Objectives: We report a case of hemophagocytosis-related (Asian variant) intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) in a patient of Western origin initially diagnosed by splenectomy with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with a micronodular pattern. The clonal relationship between these two DLBCL subtypes is also investigated. Methods: Hemophagocytosis-related (Asian variant) IVLBCL was identified at autopsy in a 62-year-old Hispanic woman, in North America, following an antemortem diagnosis of massive splenic involvement by DLBCL with a micronodular pattern, a feature not expected of IVLBCL. Results: These two apparently distinct lymphoma types demonstrated similar immunophenotypic profiles and IgH gene rearrangements of identical size suggesting a clonal relationship. The 2008 WHO classification system describes IVLBCL in the spleen as having a sinusoidal pattern. Conclusions: Our observations provide the first molecular genetic support for a seemingly underrecognized micronodular pattern of IVLBCL in the spleen and further support the proposal of a “mixed variant” of IVLBCL with concomitant “intravascular” and “solid” phases of disease.
Renal transplantation in children with posterior urethral valves.

AbstractWe compared retrospectively the outcome of renal transplantation in 18 children with a diagnosis of posterior urethral valves to 18 matched children with nonobstructed renal failure to identify the disadvantages of renal transplantation into the valve bladder. There was no statistical difference in patient survival. The 5-year graft survival rate was 62.3% in children with posterior urethral valves and 48% in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.32). A statistically significant increase in serum creatinine from 1.2 to 2.2mg./dl. was noted in the patients with posterior urethral valves, which was not seen in the control group (p = 0.0009). The clinical significance of this finding is unknown.Renal transplantation can be performed successfully in patients with posterior urethral valves. A prospective study is required to determine the benefits of preoperative lower urinary tract urodynamic assessment and the true effect of the valve bladder.
Fast Algorithms for Demixing Sparse Signals From Nonlinear Observations

We study the problem of demixing a pair of sparse signals from noisy, nonlinear observations of their superposition. Mathematically, we consider a nonlinear signal observation model, $y_i = g(a_i^Tx) + e_i, \ i=1,\ldots,m$ , where $x = \Phi w+\Psi z$ denotes the superposition signal, $\Phi$ and $\Psi$ are orthonormal bases in $\mathbb {R}^n$ , and $w, z\in \mathbb {R}^n$ are sparse coefficient vectors of the constituent signals, and $e_i$ represents the noise. Moreover, $g$ represents a nonlinear link function, and $a_i\in \mathbb {R}^n$ is the $i$ th row of the measurement matrix $A\in \mathbb {R}^{m\times n}$ . Problems of this nature arise in several applications ranging from astronomy, computer vision, and machine learning. In this paper, we make some concrete algorithmic progress for the above demixing problem. Specifically, we consider two scenarios: first, the case when the demixing procedure has no knowledge of the link function, and second is the case when the demixing algorithm has perfect knowledge of the link function. In both cases, we provide fast algorithms for recovery of the constituents $w$ and $z$ from the observations. Moreover, we support these algorithms with a rigorous theoretical analysis and derive (nearly) tight upper bounds on the sample complexity of the proposed algorithms for achieving stable recovery of the component signals. We also provide a range of numerical simulations to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms on both real and synthetic signals and images.
Complex dynamics underlie the evolution of imperfect wing pattern convergence in butterflies

Adaptive radiation is characterized by rapid diversification that is strongly associated with ecological specialization. However, understanding the evolutionary mechanisms fueling adaptive diversification requires a detailed knowledge of how natural selection acts at multiple life-history stages. Butterflies within the genus Adelpha represent one of the largest and most diverse butterfly lineages in the Neotropics. Although Adelpha species feed on an extraordinary diversity of larval hosts, convergent evolution is widespread in this group, suggesting that selection for mimicry may contribute to adaptive divergence among species. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted predation studies in Costa Rica using artificial butterfly facsimiles. Specifically, we predicted that nontoxic, palatable Adelpha species that do not feed on host plants in the family Rubiaceae would benefit from sharing a locally convergent wing pattern with the presumably toxic Rubiaceae-feeding species via reduced predation. Contrary to expectations, we found that the presumed mimic was attacked significantly more than its locally convergent model at a frequency paralleling attack rates on both novel and palatable prey. Although these data reveal the first evidence for protection from avian predators by the supposed toxic, Rubiaceae-feeding Adelpha species, we conclude that imprecise mimetic patterns have high costs for Batesian mimics in the tropics.
Moral Distress in Nurses Providing Direct Patient Care at an Academic Medical Center

Background Moral distress is the psychological response to knowing the appropriate action but not being able to act due to constraints. Previous authors reported moral distress among nurses, especially those that work in critical care units. Aims The aims of this study were: (1) to examine the level of moral distress among nurses who work at an academic health system, (2) to compare the level of moral distress in nurses who work across specialty units at an academic health system, (3) to compare moral distress by the demographic characteristics of nurses and work experience variables, and (4) to identify demographic characteristics and type of clinical setting that may predict which nurses are at high risk for moral distress. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was used with staff nurses who work on inpatient units and ambulatory units at an academic medical center. The moral distress scale-revised (MDS-R) was used to assess the intensity and frequency of moral distress. Results The overall mean MDS-R score in this project was low at 94.97 with mean scores in the low to moderate range (44.57 to 134.58). Nurses who work in critical care, perioperative services, and procedure areas had the highest mean MDS-R scores. There have been no previous reports of higher scores for nurses working in perioperative and procedure areas. There was weak positive correlation between MDS-R scores and years of experience (Rho = .17, p = .003) but no correlation between age (Rho = .02, p = .78) or education (Rho = .05, p = .802) and moral distress. Linking Evidence to Action Three variables were found useful in predicting moral distress: the type of unit and responses to two qualitative questions related to quitting their job. Identification of these variables allows organizations to focus their interventions.
Miniatures for Teaching Movement Education

(1976). Miniatures for Teaching Movement Education. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 47, Including Leisure Today, pp. 21-21.
Quick positional health assessment for industrial robot prognostics and health management (PHM)

Robot calibration and performance will degrade if proper maintenance isn't performed. There have been challenges for manufacturers to optimize the maintenance strategy and minimize unexpected shutdowns. Prognostics and health management (PHM) can be applied to industrial robots through the development of performance metrics, test methods, reference datasets, and supporting tools. A subset of this research involves developing a quick health assessment methodology emphasizing the identification of the positional health (position and orientation accuracy) changes. This methodology enables manufacturers to quickly assess the static/dynamic position and orientation accuracies of their robot systems. In this paper, the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) effort to develop the measurement science to support this development is presented, including the modeling and algorithm development for the test method, the advanced sensor development to measure 7-D information (time, X, Y, Z, roll, pitch, and yaw), algorithms to analyze the data, and a use case to present the results.
Contemporary evaluation of mitral regurgitation - 3D echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and procedural planning.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mitral regurgitation is one of the more common forms of valvular heart disease. Given the expansion of therapies for structural heart disease, new therapies for mitral regurgitation are emerging. An accurate description and classification of mitral disease is important to understand pathology and provide recommendations for therapy.Areas covered: In the modern evaluation of mitral regurgitation, 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) play important roles which overcome the prior limitations of 2-dimensional echocardiography. Specifically, an advanced evaluation with these techniques allows accurate characterization of the anatomic etiology of mitral regurgitation and quantification of severity. Furthermore, the role of 3DE during intraprocedural guidance, ‘interventional echocardiography,’ is expanding.Expert commentary: In our review, we demonstrate a complete diagnostic evaluation of mitral valve dysfunction by 3DE and CMR and describe cur...
Switch: Enabling transmitter and receiver participation in seamless lightweight control

Lightweight control planes are techniques that create a control plane in WiFi networks without any additional spectrum requirements. Flash signals are an example of such control signals that exploit the link margin that typically exists in WiFi communication. In this paper we consider the problem of allowing transmitters and receivers of a transmission to exploit such control channels while the communication is ongoing. We present a mechanism called switch that facilitates switches in communication modes (Tx to Rx and vice-versa). We then use switch as the core building block to solve problems in WiFi networks such as starvation due to hidden terminals, early collision termination, and frequency backoffs. We rely on WARP radios to experimentally verify that switch is indeed possible, and use ns-3 simulations to study the impact of using switch to solve the aforementioned WiFi problems.
Trajectory of a divided river basin: law, conflict, and cooperation along Chile's Maipo River

The historical trajectory of the Maipo River basin offers critical insights into current and future challenges in Chile9s internationally famous model of water management. We highlight the legal dimensions of the trajectory, looking beyond the 1981 Water Code and water market debates to some of the underlying principles of Chilean water law that shape river management. In particular, we focus on a legal-administrative rule that splits rivers into multiple, independently managed ‘sections’ – a policy that has received little attention despite posing a prima facie contradiction to the goal of integrated water resources management. We demonstrate that, despite government officials’ insistence that this policy is merely an ‘artificial’ administrative tool, river sectioning has significant material, discursive, and socio-political consequences for water governance. We highlight three emerging issues: (1) tensions over section boundaries, (2) the institutionalisation of a ‘right to leave the river dry’, and (3) ongoing struggles to establish formal vigilance committees in the lower sections. Far from functioning as a legal simplification, river sectioning is complicated and contentious and demands more attention in policy and research. We conclude by considering possible solutions aligned with efforts to move toward more coordinated and equitable water management in this crucial basin.
Integrating across the Psychology Curriculum: A follow-up Evaluation Plan

Dykstra, Foster, Kleiner, and Koch (1995) presented an integration framework for conducting a curriculum content review. This framework suggests that courses should be structured to allow students ...
Critical Thinking, Cognitive Psychology of

Critical thinking is the use of cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. Although much of the theory and research in critical thinking comes from cognitive psychology, it is an interdisciplinary field with prominent contributions from education, philosophy, mathematics, and other academic disciplines. Contemporary focus has been on the instructional design, implementation, and assessment of programs that can help learners improve how they think. Successful programs teach the skills of critical thinking, develop the disposition to use these skills, use structure training to enhance transfer to real-world settings, and encourage metacognitive monitoring as a way to maintain critical thinking processes in consciousness.
Biogeochemistry of Stable Carbon Isotopes

In 1947, in his classical paper on the thermodynamic properties of isotopic substances, H. C. Urey [1] laid the foundation of modern isotope geochemistry. At the same time, A. O. Nier [2] designed a new mass spectrometer which allowed the measurement of small differences in isotope abundance ratios. A modification in the Nier-type mass spectrometer and a refinement in instrumentation techniques by McKinney et al. [3] finally initiated stable isotope studies of the type that will be discussed in this review.
The Business Case for Sustainability: An Application to Slow Fashion Supply Chains

The purpose of this paper is to present and demonstrate an in-depth decision model for companies to utilize when making the business case for supply chain designs, with a focus on integrating sustainability impacts into the analysis. Beginning with a review of sustainable supply chains in the fast and slow fashion industries, a three-dimensional cube provides the framework to integrate metrics related to multiple dimensions. These dimensions are 1) the triple bottom line social, economic, and environmental factors; 2) financial, quantitative, and qualitative metrics; and 3) cost and revenue, market, and strategic impacts. The triple bottom line factors are used as managers that must increasingly demonstrate how a social or environmental process improvement may also have a positive economic result. An illustrative case applied to the slow supply chain is used to demonstrate the process of building the business case for a sustainable supply chain. The model provides a tool for managers who are seeking to analyze programs and process improvements with sustainable supply chain implications. While the example used is for the fashion industry, the approach described is flexible and can be applied to any industry segment.
The Subject of Metaphysics

A science of being qua being considers features on the same level of generality as being. The ‘qua’ phrase should be taken in the commensurately universal sense of Posterior Analytics I.4. I give truth conditions for Aristotle’s ‘qua’ propositions. Aristotle takes the science of being qua being to investigate attributes of being holding qua being: being and unity and their contraries. Also it looks for principles common to all beings, like the principle of non-contradiction. Again, it investigates what is required for all beings to exist: namely individual substances , as well have what their fundamental principles are. Finally it considers other ultimate causes of being, like God, Who is also the preeminent case of being.
The Evolutionary Biology of Intelligence: Afterthoughts

Our Institute was organized to provide a two-week course of advanced study designed to cover a field as best we could within its time limits. My job was to recruit the main lecturers and a few of the participants. Other participants were self-selected according to their interests. Although it was not designed to be a conference, the Institute worked in many ways like a conference or symposium. This will be evident from these published proceedings. Rather than present the material to be covered as if it could be described by a syllabus about which there is broad agreement, I recognized that the subject matter is still in flux. It was important to present sometimes conflicting points of view and to encourage rather than avoid controversy. The title of the Institute was “The Evolutionary Biology of Intelligence,” but a more modest title was chosen for this publication, acknowledging that there is as yet too little evolutionary biology of intelligence that is of the same grandeur as other areas of evolutionary analysis. There are intersections between the fields, however, as indicated in our revised title, and this Institute has been able to cover many of them.
Two-year clinical outcomes of de-intensified chemoradiotherapy for low-risk HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

6044Background: We here-in report 2 year cancer control outcomes from a prospective phase II clinical trial evaluating de-intensified chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with favorable risk, HPV-a...