cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What is Known About the Association of Antinuclear Antibodies Development During Treatment with TNF Blockers

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are expected to develop in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockers.1 In the absence of other signs or symptoms of lupus, there is no reason to stop TNF-blocking therapy. Because positive ANAs are expected to develop and their presence ordinarily would not effect the physician's decision to continue or discontinue those agents, most medical experts surveyed do not check serum for ANAs in patients undergoing therapy with TNF blockers.2 Recently published guidelines based on a consensus conference of experts on the Medical Advisory Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation do not call for routine monitoring of antinuclear antibodies in patients on TNF-α blockers precisely because the absence or presence of antibodies should not affect the decision to use these agents.3 In rare instances, lupus has developed in patients treated with TNF-α blockers.4–6 In nearly all of these cases, lupus has not involved the central nervous system or kidneys and has not been life-threatening. Symptoms of lupus have improved or resolved upon discontinuation of the TNF-α blocker and treatment with systemic steroids. Conversely, TNF-α blockers have been used to successfully treat lupus.7,8 The presence of antinuclear antibodies in the serum of patients treated with TNF-α blockers becomes important only if the patient has other criteria for the diagnosis of lupus. The mnemonic ANTINUCLEAR9 is a helpful way to remember the criteria for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Four of the following criteria are required to establish the diagnosis: A ntinuclear antibody N eurologic disorder—seizures or psychosis T hrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, leukopenia, or hemolytic anemia; I mmunologic disorder—positive lupus erythematosus cell preparation, anti-double stranded DNA, anti-Sm antibodies, or false-positive test for syphilis N asopharyngeal or oral ulcers U rinary abnormalities— proteinuria or casts; C utaneous discoid rash L ight sensitivity E ffusions—pleuritis or pericarditis A rthritis of two or more joints R ash in malar area.
180 EXPONENTIAL RISE IN INCIDENCE OF METHADONE-EXPOSED NEONATES FOLLOWING AVAILABILITY OF METHADONE CLINICS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO NORTHEAST TENNESSEE

A retrospective analysis of admissions to the NICU at JCMC Hospital in Johnson City, TN, from 1/2000 through 10/2004 was performed to determine if availability of methadone treatment centers in close proximity to the NE Tennessee region would result in an increase in symptomatic exposed newborns requiring NICU care. Review of Table 1 demonstrates that since methadone treatment centers opened in close proximity to NE Tennessee in 2002, a significant increase in methadone-related admissions for symptomatic neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurred while admissions for other drug-related symptomatic neonates with Finnegan scores > 10 requiring sedation and monitoring have remained constant. Average length of stay (LOS) among infants recovering from fetal methadone exposure = 16.2 days (range: 6-54); average LOS among infants with symptomatic NAS due to other drugs = 17.3 days (range: 2-74). Methadone dosing during pregnancy was frequently increased during clinic visits. All methadone-exposed neonates required home apnea monitoring compared to 3/80 (4%) other drug-exposed newborns. Awareness of the risks of NAS among methadone-exposed newborns is critical among methadone clinic providers to minimize methadone fetal exposure during pregnancy and minimize postnatal drug effects on the newborn.
A procedure for the analysis of site‐specific and structure‐specific fucosylation in alpha‐1‐antitrypsin

A MS-based methodology has been developed for analysis of core-fucosylated versus antennary-fucosylated glycosites in glycoproteins. This procedure is applied to the glycoprotein alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), which contains both core- and antennary-fucosylated glycosites. The workflow involves digestion of intact glycoproteins into glycopeptides, followed by double digestion with sialidase and galactosidase. The resulting glycopeptides with truncated glycans were separated using an off-line HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) separation where multiple fractions were collected at various time intervals. The glycopeptides in each fraction were treated with PNGase F and then divided into halves. One half of the sample was applied for peptide identification while the other half was processed for glycan analysis by derivatizing with a meladrazine reagent followed by MS analysis. This procedure provided site-specific identification of glycosylation sites and the ability to distinguish core fucosylation and antennary fucosylation via a double digestion and a mass profile scan. Both core and antennary fucosylation are shown to be present on various glycosites in A1AT.
The theory–practice distinction and the complexity of practical knowledge

Prof. Dr Miller-McLemore is participating in the research project ‘Gender Studies and Practical Theology Theory Formation’, directed by Prof. Dr Yolanda Dreyer, Department of Practical Theology, Faculty of Theology, University of Pretoria.
Targeting reactive oxygen species in development and progression of pancreatic cancer.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by expression of oncogenic KRas which drives all aspects of tumorigenesis. Oncogenic KRas induces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have been implicated in initiation and progression of PDA. To facilitate tumor promoting levels and to avoid oncogene-induced senescence or cytotoxicity, ROS homeostasis in PDA cells is balanced by additional up-regulation of antioxidant systems.Areas covered: We examine the sources of ROS in PDA, the mechanisms by which ROS homeostasis is maintained, and the biological consequences of ROS in PDA. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms for targeting ROS homoeostasis as a point of therapeutic intervention. An extensive review of the relevant literature as it relates to the topic was conducted using PubMed.Expert commentary: Even though oncogenic mutations in the KRAS gene have been detected in over 95% of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, targeting its gene product, KRas,...
The Effect of Perceived Choice on Performance, Workload, and Stress

Many tasks in both military and industrial settings require monitoring a display or an environment for the appearance of a target stimulus. The capacity to remain vigilant decreases with time on ta...
Chemiluminescence generation and detection in a capillary-driven microfluidic chip

The use of microfluidic technology represents a strong opportunity for providing sensitive, low-cost and rapid diagnosis at the point-of-care and such a technology might therefore support better, faster and more efficient diagnosis and treatment of patients at home and in healthcare settings both in developed and developing countries. In this work, we consider luminescence-based assays as an alternative to well-established fluorescence-based systems because luminescence does not require a light source or expensive optical components and is therefore a promising detection method for point-of-care applications. Here, we show a proof-of-concept of chemiluminescence (CL) generation and detection in a capillary-driven microfluidic chip for potential immunoassay applications. We employed a commercial acridan-based reaction, which is catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We investigated CL generation under flow conditions using a simplified immunoassay model where HRP is used instead of the complete sandwich immunocomplex. First, CL signals were generated in a capillary microfluidic chip by immobilizing HRP on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sealing layer using stencil deposition and flowing CL substrate through the hydrophilic channels. CL signals were detected using a compact (only 5×5×2.5 cm3) and custom-designed scanner, which was assembled for less than $30 and comprised a 128×1 photodiode array, a mini stepper motor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a 3D-printed housing. In addition, microfluidic chips having specific 30-μm-deep structures were fabricated and used to immobilize ensembles of 4.50 μm beads functionalized with HRP so as to generate high CL signals from capillary-driven chips.
Past-year prevalence of prescription opioid misuse among those 11 to 30 years of age in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background There are high levels of prescription and consumption of prescription opioids in the US. Misuse of prescription opioids has been shown to be highly correlated with prescription opioid-related morbidity and mortality including fatal and non-fatal overdose. We characterized the past-year prevalence of prescription opioid misuse among those 11–30 years of age in the US. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out following a published protocol and PRISMA guidelines. We searched electronic databases; reports were eligible if they were published between 1/1/1990–5/30/2014, and included data on individuals 11–30 years of age from the US. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results A total of 3211 abstracts were reviewed for inclusion; after discarding duplicates and identifying non-eligible reports, a total of 19 unique reports, providing 34 estimates, were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis. The range of past-year prescription opioid misuse prevalence the reports was 0.7%–16.3%. An increase in prevalence of 0.4% was observed over the years of data collection. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis found a high prevalence of past-year prescription opioid misuse among individuals 11–30 years of age. Importantly, we identified an increase in past-year prevalence 1990–2014. Misuse of prescription opioids has played an important role in national increases of fatal and non-fatal drug overdose, heroin use and injection, and HIV and HCV infection among young people. The observed high and increasing prevalence of prescription opioid misuse is an urgent public health issue.
Building and Supporting a Community of CS Educators Teaching Cybersecurity in 2017 (Abstract Only)

We have been teaching cybersecurity using hands-on, interactive exercises that have successfully engaged students. However, in order to meet the increasing demand for security professionals, we need to greatly expand the community of faculty teaching in this area. We would like to bring together new and experienced faculty to do this. Ambareen Siraj has set up a dedicated Facebook group to allow us to work together outside of SIGCSE events, but we need to develop a critical mass of users. During the BoF, we will encourage participants to sign up for the closed group, and we will have an exercise where they ask and answer questions about what they want from this learning community. One benefit of having a learning community is that it will be easier to provide support for new members to learn about resources and get help. These resources include exercises, webinars, and slides. We will share experiences, practices and ongoing efforts, including our own (e.g. Security Injections, the Security Knitting Kit project, and EDURange). The BoF also benefits experienced members, helping them to reach other faculty with similar interests. As a community we have begun to share exercises and discuss what works and what problems students and instructors have encountered. For the last five years, we have been doing that at SIGCSE. We will discuss ways to integrate security-related exercises into existing courses. The questions we will ask are, "What exercises have you tried? What are your experiences? What are you looking for from the community?"
Ebonics: The Debate Which Never Happened

The thesis of this paper is that no substantive and impartial debate about the pedagogical value of using Ebonics in the classroom could be held in the United States media because America9s prescriptive attitude towards Ebonics does not allow fair and objective consideration of the issue. In presenting this theme I will discuss language ideologies in general and prescription in particular as a common attitude towards language. Prescription with respect to Ebonics usually takes the form of language prejudice. I will conclude with an introduction to one area of language planning, status planning, in which language planners try to improve the status of a dialect or language by selecting a goal, planning the necessary research, and devising a marketing or diffusion plan.
A brute force method for spatially-enhanced multivariate facet analysis

Abstract Faceted search is a common approach for helping users query multivariate data. While the method is found widely in contemporary tools, so far there has been little exploration of its potential to incorporate a spatial perspective. In this article we extend multivariate faceted search through the application of a brute force computational process to reveal facet combinations that have spatially-interesting results. We explore the potential utility of spatially-enhanced facet combinations in case study analyses of multivariate spatial data from learners in a massive open online course and multivariate spatial data from restaurant inspections. Spatially-enhanced facet combinations improve on ordinary faceted search by helping analysts understand which combinations have significant spatial footprints. We also show how this method can be integrated into a geovisual analytics system through a simple user interface. Finally, we draw on our case study analyses to highlight important challenges and opportunities for future research.
How do fashion designers emerge? An empirical investigation of their entrepreneurial processes

This paper explores the entrepreneurial processes of emerging fashion designers. Four entrepreneurial process models are explored in this paper specifically for their applicability in determining h...
Crystal structure of chloritopentamminecobalt(III) tetracyanopalladate (II)

The X-ray crystal structure of [(NH3)5Co(ClO2)][Pd(CN)4]·H2O consists of two discrete complex ions and a water of hydration. The red crystals are triclinic, P $$\bar 1$$ , with lattice parameters a = 7.1992(5), b = 9.4873(7), c = 11.7752(8) A. α = 66.680(1), β = 75.784(1), γ = 82.203(1)°, and Z = 2 giving a cell volume of 715.27(9) A3 and a calculated density of 2.043 g/cm3 at 293°. The chlorite ion is O-bonded to the cobalt atom with amine N—Co distances all equal. The chlorite ion is bent with a O—Cl—O angle of 110.8(2)° and the Cl—O distances being 1.601(3) and 1.558(3) A, the longer value for the O atom also coordinated to Co. The Pd(CN)−2 4 ions are planar, C-coordinated and stack along the x-axis, separated by 3.599(1) A and alternatively rotated by 29.9(5)°.
Cultural and Environmental Factors Influencing Commercial Mushroom Production in Pennsylvania

Abstract Biological and non-biological factors associated with commercial mushroom production were monitored during the cultivation of 70 crops. Correlation analysis on total yield revealed that the type of ventilation system, choice of casing material, pests, season of production, and time interval from spawning to first break significantly affected yield. Yield from an individual break was more affected by compost composition and nutrition than was total crop yield. The type of ventilation system, casing material and pest occurrence were common factors that influenced total crop yield and individual break yields. The significance of factors that affected total crop yield varied depending on farm management systems. Each farm had unique factors that influenced yield. Multiple correlation analysis provided data suggesting that the combination of factors responsible for crop yield fluctuations was unique for each farm.
Biosocial Bases of Aggressive Behavior in Childhood

This chapter aims to follow up some of the biosocial issues outlined in Chapter 1, and attempt an initial answer to some of the questions posed by the biosocial model developed in that chapter. In doing so, new results will be presented from the Mauritius study, a longitudinal psychophysiological study of child and adult psychopathology conducted on the island of Mauritius. A specific focus will be placed on two main risk factors for antisocial behavior which have been pursued by the first author over the past two decades, namely, low resting heart rate, and reduced electrodermal orienting. The longitudinal approach will be emphasized in this chapter because it is felt that clearer answers to the questions posed in chapter 1 will emerge from prospective studies. In particular, this chapter is concerned with links between psychophysiological and social measures taken at age 3, and aggressive behavior measured at age 11 years in a large sample of 1,795 males and females, Indian and Creole participants. Interactions with temperament will also be explored because this construct has been linked with both autonomic activity (Scarpa et al., 1996; Kagan, 1988; Kagan et al. 1989) and aggression (Caspi et al. 1995; Caspi and Silva, in press).
GPU-Accelerated Large-Scale Genome Assembly

Spurred by a widening gap between hardware accelerators and traditional processors, numerous bioinformatics applications have harnessed the computing power of GPUs and reported substantial performance improvements compared to their CPU-based counterparts. However, most of these GPU-based applications only focus on the read alignment problem, while the field of de novo assembly still relies mostly on CPU-based solutions. This is primarily due to the nature of the assembly workload which is not only compute-intensive but also extremely data-intensive. Such workloads require large memories, making it difficult to adapt them to use GPUs with their limited memory capacities. To the best of our knowledge, no GPU-based assembler reported in the recent literature has attempted to assemble datasets larger than a few tens of gigabytes, whereas real sequence datasets are often several hundreds of gigabytes in size. In this paper, we present a new GPU-accelerated genome assembler called LaSAGNA, which can assemble large-scale sequence datasets using a single GPU by building string graphs from approximate all-pair overlaps. LaSAGNA can also run on multiple GPUs across multiple compute nodes connected by a high-speed network to expedite the assembly process. To utilize the limited memory on GPUs efficiently, LaSAGNA uses a semi-streaming approach that makes at most a logarithmic number of passes over the input data based on the available memory. Moreover, we propose a two-level streaming model, from disk to host memory and from host memory to device memory, to minimize disk I/O. Using LaSAGNA, we can assemble a 400 GB human genome dataset on a single NVIDIA K40 GPU in 17 hours, and in a little over 5 hours on an 8-node cluster of NVIDIA K20s.
Network Structure and Spinoff Effects in a Collaborative Public Program

Despite a growing body of literature on program implementation networks, most studies have focused on understanding the network structures involving the implementation of initial or inceptive publi...
A Training Social Media Mobile App Prototype for the Elderly: A Pilot Study.

This paper reports a pilot study on how to train mild cognitively-impaired elderly adults using social media app successfully. Five mild cognitively-impaired elderly adults age 65 and 70 years participated in this study to help inspect research instruments and improve further as needed to be used in the main experiment later. Seniorbook, a mobile app prototype, was designed to resemble the activities frequently done in popular social media apps. Three different training mechanisms: training class and Seniorbook app only, training class and Seniorbook app with embedded instructions, and training class and Seniorbook app with embedded instructions and audio narrations, were randomly assigned to the participants during the study. Both pre and post-questionnaires were distributed. Preliminary results and lessons learned from this pilot study are presented at the end.
Artificial intelligence decision-making in mobile health

It is likely that you or someone you know is affected by a chronic health condition. For example, a staggering six in 10 adults in the USA are currently suffering from a chronic disease (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2019). Unfortunately, chronic conditions are not treatable overnight, but they can often be improved by regular incorporation of preventative behaviours (e.g., taking medication, healthy sleeping habits, being physically active, healthy eating, etc.). However, due to the many contingencies that arise in our lives, regular incorporation of healthy behaviours is difficult, and often when we need help in enacting these behaviours, support from clinical professionals is not available.
Application of electrodialysis pretreatment to enhance boron removal and reduce fouling during desalination by nanofiltration/reverse osmosis

Abstract Membranes have emerged as promising technologies for treatment of non-traditional waters, but fouling and poor rejection of small, neutral solutes (e.g., boric acid) impede their further implementation for water purification. Boron rejection is increased by raising the pH to convert boric acid to borate ion, but this change often leads to calcite supersaturation. This study investigated the use of a hybrid electrodialysis-nanofiltration/reverse osmosis (ED-NF/RO) system to reduce fouling from calcite precipitation and calcium-polysaccharide sorption to NF/RO membranes. Also, the study examined the potential of the hybrid process to increase permeate flux and boron rejection during NF/RO of synthetic saline water. ED pretreatment reduced calcite oversaturation and reduced flux decline during NF/RO. Low alginate concentrations (25 mg/L) limited NF/RO fouling, but high concentrations (100 mg/L) appeared to promote calcite scaling. ED pretreatment reduced the osmotic pressure of the NF/RO feed water, enabling lower operating pressures or greater permeate water fluxes. Boron rejection during NF/RO increased with ED pretreatment, probably due to stronger electrostatic repulsion and an increase in the fraction of total boron present as B(OH)4− following ED. This hybrid ED-NF/RO system shows promise as a novel approach to enhancing the performance of current membrane systems for treating complex feed waters.
A Case of Severe Wernicke Encephalopathy with Bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (P2.139)

Objective: NA Background: Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a feared neurological complication of thiamine deficiency. Delayed treatment can cause significant morbidity. The syndrome is associated with poor nutrition and classically presents with the triad of encephalopathy, oculomotor dysfunction, and gait ataxia. We report a patient who presented with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in addition to the typical triad of WE. Design/Methods: NA Results: A 43-year-old woman with past a medical history of alcohol abuse, ulcerative colitis, and colectomy presented with altered mental status after being found sleeping on the floor of her home. The patient was found to have mild encephalopathy, severe ophthalmoplegia with bilateral involvement of cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6, marked gait ataxia, and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with tinnitus. MRI brain demonstrated symmetric T2 and FLAIR hyperintensities without contrast enhancement in the bilateral dorsal median nuclei of the thalamus, periaqueductal gray matter and the floor of 4th ventricle, all of which are typically observed in WE. These were interval developments when compared to a MRI obtained five months prior for an episode of altered mental status. WE was promptly diagnosed and the patient was given aggressive thiamine supplementation. Within hours, the patient demonstrated striking, although incomplete, improvement of her ophthalmoplegia. Her bilateral hearing loss demonstrated incomplete improvement based on repeat audiograms at three month follow-up. Conclusions: Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological emergency, requiring emergent treatment. Prompt recognition is essential, however, the entire triad is absent in two thirds of patients and is often missed clinically. Sensorineural hearing loss is not associated with WE, however this case illustrates that it can be part of the presenting clinical picture. We hypothesize that the bilateral sensorineural hearing loss is secondary to involvement of the ascending afferent auditory fibers located in the midbrain and pons, and may respond to thiamine therapy. Disclosure: Dr. Hansen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bozorgi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Richards has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thammongkolchai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Devereaux has nothing to disclose.
Immune lymphocytes halt replication of Francisella tularensis LVS within the cytoplasm of infected macrophages

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious intracellular bacterium that causes tularemia by invading and replicating in mammalian myeloid cells. Francisella primarily invades host macrophages, where it escapes phagosomes within a few hours and replicates in the cytoplasm. Less is known about how Francisella traffics within macrophages or exits into the extracellular environment for further infection. Immune T lymphocytes control the replication of Francisella within macrophages in vitro by a variety of mechanisms, but nothing is known about intracellular bacterial trafficking in the face of such immune pressure. Here we used a murine model of infection with a Francisella attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS), which is under study as a human vaccine, to evaluate the hypothesis that immune T cells control intramacrophage bacterial growth by re-directing bacteria into toxic intracellular compartments of infected macrophages. We visualized the interactions of lymphocytes and LVS-infected macrophages using confocal microscopy and characterized LVS intramacrophage trafficking when co-cultured with immune lymphocytes. We focused on the late stages of infection after bacteria escape from phagosomes, through bacterial replication and the death of macrophages. We found that the majority of LVS remained cytosolic in the absence of immune pressure, eventually resulting in macrophage death. In contrast, co-culture of LVS-infected macrophages with LVS-immune lymphocytes halted LVS replication and inhibited the spread of LVS infection between macrophages, but bacteria did not return to vacuoles such as lysosomes or autophagosomes and macrophages did not die. Therefore, immune lymphocytes directly limit intracellular bacterial replication within the cytoplasm of infected macrophages.
“Keeping Words in Context”: Language Policy and Social Identification in an Immigrant Job Training Program

This ethnography examines how teachers interpret and enact language-in-education policies in an adult ESL classroom in the United States, where students simultaneously received job training as Cert...
Constructing Digital Cultures: Tweets, Trends, Race, and Gender

Constructing Digital Cultures: Tweets, Trends, Race, and Gender is a study in the (re)negotiation and (re)construction of gender and race on the social media platform Twitter. For those who use the...
Who's in Charge of the Inner City? The Conflict between Efficiency and Equity in the Design of a Metropolitan Area

A circular metropolitan area consists of an inner city and a suburb. Households sort over the two jurisdictions based on public service levels and their costs of commuting to the metropolitan center. Using numerical simulations, we show (1) there typically exist two equilibria: One in which the poor form the voting majority in the inner city and the other in which the rich form the majority in the inner city; (2) there is an efficiency v. equity trade-off as to which equilibrium is preferred; and (3) if the inner city contains only poor households, equity favors expanding the inner city to include rich households.
Longitudinal trends in screening males and females for intimate partner violence as part of a systemic multi-specialty health system intervention.

OBJECTIVE To assess intimate partner violence screening for males and females in a health system that underwent a systemic intervention to improve survivor identification and response. Electronic health record data from 13 clinics were accessed for February of 2017, 2018, and 2019 to calculate screening rates and positive screening rates for intimate partner violence by clinic and sex-race groups (n = 11,693 non-Hispanic White females; n = 4318 Other females; n = 9184 non-Hispanic White males; n = 3441 Other males). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine whether screening rates differed significantly over time and by sex-race group. RESULTS Screening rates were 31% for the first 2 years and 16% for 2019. Screening rates varied greatly by clinic. Dermatology, psychiatry, and otolaryngology clinics had average or above screening rates all 3 years. Differences in screening rates across sex-race groups were minimal. Average positive screen rates were 1.3%, 0.4%, and 2.6% in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, with psychiatry having the highest positive screen rate. Positive screen rates were highest for non-Hispanic White females (3.5%). Universal screening in this health system was not yielding survivors comparable to existing estimates among clinic-based populations. Other identification approaches require testing to effectively identify survivors within the health sector.
Calcium Chloride Infusions are Not Associated with Improved Outcomes in Neonates Undergoing Cardiac Operations.

Neonatal cardiac performance is dependent on calcium delivery to the myocardium. Little is known about the use and impact of calcium chloride infusions in neonates who undergo cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that the use of calcium chloride infusions would decrease the doses required of traditional inotropic and vasoactive medications by supporting cardiac output in this patient population. We performed a single-institution, retrospective, cohort study. All neonates (≤ 30 days old) undergoing cardiac surgery from 06/01/2015 through 12/31/2018 were included. Patients were divided into two groups: those who received postoperative calcium chloride infusions (calcium group) and those who did not (control group). The primary outcome was the occurrence of a maximum Vasoactive Inotropic Score (VIS) > 15 in the first 24 h following surgery. One hundred and thirty-five patients met inclusion criteria. Sixty-six patients received postoperative calcium infusions and 69 patients did not. Gestational age, weight at surgery, age at surgery, surgical complexity and cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar between groups. Forty-two (70%) patients receiving calcium had a postoperative maximum VIS > 15 compared with 38 (55%) patients not on a calcium infusion (p = 0.08). There were no differences in postoperative length of ventilation, time to enteral feeding, hospital LOS, or operative mortality between groups. Calcium chloride infusions in neonates who underwent cardiac surgery did not decrease exposure to other inotropic and vasoactive agents in the first 24 post-operative hours or improve patient outcomes.
Reformulation-Linearization Techniques for Discrete Optimization Problems

Discrete and continuous nonconvex programming problems arise in a host of practical applications in the context of production, location-allocation, distribution, economics and game theory, process design, and engineering design situations. Several recent advances have been made in the development of branch-and-cut algorithms for discrete optimization problems and in polyhedral outer-approximation methods for continuous nonconvex programming problems. At the heart of these approaches is a sequence of linear programming problems that drive the solution process. The success of such algorithms is strongly tied in with the strength or tightness of the linear programming representations employed.
Two domains and one RNA: a molecular threesome.

Structures of the Drosophila Sex-lethal protein with and without bound RNA reveal an unexpected mode of binding in which tripartite interactions between the two RNA-binding domains and the bound RNA generate specific, high-affinity binding.
Fast computation of C-MISR signatures

Cellular automata based signature analyzers are becoming very popular for compressing test responses in built-in self-test applications. Off-line determination of signatures (both good circuit signature and faulty circuit signatures) is a compute-intensive process that involves cycle-by-cycle simulation of the signature analyzer. In this paper, we investigate a technique for speeding up the simulation of cellular automata-based multi-input signature registers (C-MISRs). First, we describe a technique for converting a C-MISR into an equivalent single input circuit. We then present an algorithm for parallelizing the simulation of these single input circuits.
Working in the Data Mine (With Apologies to Allen Toussaint)

A Review of “Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory” Edited by Trebor Schotz
A Limit on the ̄νe Mass in Free Molecular Tritium Beta Decay

The question of a nonzero neutrino mass has received considerable attention since the claims of Lyubimov et al [1] in 1980 were published which showed evidence for an electron antineutrino mass between 14 and 46 eV, with a best fit value of 35 eV. However, there are still considerable concerns about possible systematic problems in their experiment. Many of these concerns revolve around the use of a tritiated valine source, in which the energy given up in final state excitations of the molecule following the beta decay of one of the tritium atoms is comparable to the size of the neutrino mass observed. The effect of these final state effects is difficult to calculate in a molecule as complex as valine. In addition, ionization energy loss and backscattering of the betas in traversing the solid source are appreciable and must be very accurately accounted for. These concerns have led us to carry out an experiment using free molecular tritium as the source material. The final state effects have been accurately calculated for the tritium molecule [2–4] and the uncertainties in these calculations cannot generate a spurious neutrino mass greater than 1 eV. In addition, the energy loss in the source is small because the source consists of tritium only and there is no backscattering.
Measurements of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions at SLAC

New measurements have been made of the proton and deuteron spin structure functions, gp1 and gd1, using deep‐inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from polarized NH3 and ND3 targets. The data span the kinematic range 0.029<x<0.8 and Q2<10 (GeV/c)2. The integrals Γp=∫10gp1(x,Q2)dx and Γd=∫10gd1(x,Q2)dx have been evaluated at fixed Q2=3 (GeV/c)2 to yield Γp=0.127±0.004(stat.)±0.010(syst.) and Γd=0.041±0.003±0.004. Both measurements are well‐below the Ellis‐Jaffe predictions.
Challenges and opportunities on multi-core microprocessor

As Moore’s Law predicates, the number of transistors on die will continue increase on die in future. It will be a big challenge for computer industry to effectively and e.ciently use these transistors and optimize the microprocessor design under power envelop. Performance is not the only concern. The other design goals such as user friendly interface, easy for maintenance, security and reliability, will become more and more important. There is a clear trend in computer industry that more and more chip will implement multi-core on die.
MR quantitation of volume and diffusion changes in the developing brain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain volume and diffusion change during maturation. Quantitation of these changes may be helpful in understanding normal brain development. We used diffusion-weighted imaging to characterize the volumetric and diffusion changes in vivo . METHODS: We recruited 30 pediatric volunteers (aged 1 month–17 years; 14 male, 16 female). Diffusion was measured in three orthogonal directions with a b value of 1000 s/mm 2 . The diffusion parameters from the entire brain were calculated and fitted to a triple gaussian model. In addition, region-of-interest measurements were made in caudate, thalamus, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, and periventricular white matter (PVWM). The brain volume was measured by counting pixels and by using the model. RESULTS: Water diffusion of the whole brain, caudate, thalamus, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, and PVWM decreased during maturation, with the most significant change within the first 2 years. Robust negative correlations were found between age and the measured average diffusion constant ( D av ) values in each of the measured locations ( P P CONCLUSION: Brain diffusion decreases and brain volume increases during maturation, with the most significant changes occurring within the first 2 years of life. The brain model used in this study provides a good estimate of the increasing brain volume.
Issues and concerns in accommodating the elderly in the workplace.

Aging is a natural phenomenon affecting mankind. The more recent interest in the elderly is probably derived from the facts that: (1) currently more and more people are living into old age as compared to populations prior to early twentieth century, (2) people now recognize and appreciate the concept of retirement (until comparatively recently only a small proportion of the population lived into old age), and (3) economic necessities are pushing retirees back into the workforce. With people living and working longer, employers, social scientists, and medical and health professionals are having to gear themselves to solve a special category of problems—problems dealing with accommodating the elderly in the workplace, homes, recreational facilities, vehicles, etc. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the important issues that must be addressed when bringing, or retaining, the elderly in workplaces. The paper is divided into four main sections. The first section is devoted to defining the elderly. In the second section, discussion is focused on how and why the elderly have become an increasingly important part of the working environment. The biological effects of aging are discussed in the third section. In the last section, attention is paid to those age-related functional abilities that are essential consideration in accommodating the elderly in the workplaces.
Effects of GABA onl-glutamic acid decar☐ylase activities in chick embryo brain

Abstract Yolk sac injection of GABA and aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA) produced transitory depressions of GAD activity in chick embryo optic lobes. Both forms of GAD activity, characterized by inhibition and activation by AOAA and a differential subcellular localization, were inhibited by GABa administration. In both cases an elevation of GABA levels was accompanied by decreased enzyme activity. Administration of α-γ-diaminobutyric acid, carnosine, β-alanine, aspartate, α-methyl-glutamate, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin were without effect, suggesting specificity of GABa for this repression. Glutamate injection, which resulted in increased brain GABA levels, also gave a decrease in GAD levels.
Ensuring sound science in the courts

Abstract Many scientists have been reluctant to enter the arenas of regulatory structure and the courtroom. As a result, inferior science—even complete junk science—has often influenced judges and juries and the decisions they make. The consequences for society are not merely inefficiency, but in many cases less competent environmental protection and what has often been described as random redistribution of wealth. This premise is illustrated by examples and proposals regarding what to do about the problem.
UCLA Geriatric Grand Rounds Sexual Dysfunction in the Elderly Male

“O Venus, cruel mother of amorous desires, cease attempting to bring under your yoke a man now arrived at his fiftieth year, and therefore stubborn to submit to your voluptuous commands.” To Venus Horace (68 BC)
Cataloging Education and Cataloging Futures: An Interview with Allyson Carlyle

In February 2011 Margaret Dull interviewed Allyson Carlyle, associate professor and chair of the PhD program at the iSchool, University of Washington (Seattle, Washington). Carlyle shares her views on the current challenges faced by catalogers and cataloging educators. Carlyle also discusses the vital role that cataloging plays in today's library and information science curriculum, as well as the future role of the professional cataloger.
Concerning the 1600 cm−1 region in the i.r. spectrum of coal

Abstract The assignment of the 1600 cm−1 band in the i.r. spectra of coals has been a matter of controversy for some 20 years. The two most probable assignments of the band are to aromatic ring stretching or to highly conjugated, hydrogen-bonded carbonyl. In the present study, careful deconvolution of coal spectra obtained using a high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer provides-additional support for the assignment of the band to an aromatic stretching mode.
Air temperature variations and rice productivity in Bangladesh: a comparative study of the performance of the YIELD and the CERES-Rice models

Abstract Potential increase in air temperature due to climatic change and inter-annual climatic variability and its impacts on crop productivity is of major concern to crop scientists. A number of physically-based models have been developed and applied to estimate crop–environment relationships. In the present study the performance of two such models (the YIELD and the CERES-Rice) are discussed. These two models are used to estimate boro rice productivity under normal and abnormal climate scenarios in Bangladesh. This study finds that boro rice productivity at Mymensingh predicted by the YIELD is higher than the prediction by the CERES-Rice. Productivity estimates for Barisal by these two models are almost identical. Assumptions of non-identical management practices, different soil characterization procedures, different methods for calculation of dry matter production by these two models and the range of diurnal temperature variations played an important role in productivity estimates. The YIELD model predicted the lengths of the growing season under the normal and abnormal thermal climate conditions and they are to be shorter than the lengths predicted by the CERES-Rice model. The YIELD model's assumption of higher threshold temperature and a relatively simple relationship between phenology and air temperature has produced such estimations (shorter growing season). The complex data required by CERES-Rice may be an impediment for its extensive use. If input data for the CERES-Rice is not available, the YIELD model can be considered as a possible tool for various applications in crop–environment relationships.
Physiological determinants of contractile force generation and calcium handling in mouse myocardium

Despite the fact that the mouse has become a common tool to study cardiac dysfunction, little is known regarding the regulation of murine cardiac contractility. We have investigated the three main mechanisms that regulate cardiac output (frequency-dependent activation, length-dependent activation, and beta-adrenergic stimulation) in ultra-thin right ventricular (RV) trabeculae from the mouse heart at body temperature (37 degrees C). [Ca(2+)](i) was recorded in a subset of trabeculae iontophoretically loaded with fura-2, and rapid cooling contractures were performed to estimate the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium load. The force-frequency relationship was positive (2-12Hz); force increased, albeit slightly, while relaxation timing decreased. As expected, in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, force development increased while contractile duration decreased, and increased muscle length led to increased force generation. Changes in SR calcium load and the calcium transient amplitude paralleled effects on active force generation. Despite several qualitative similarities with other mammalian species, the reserve for augmentation of force via either increased frequency or beta-adrenergic stimulation was considerably smaller in mouse than in other animals. Therefore, changes in preload, as opposed to increased HR or adrenergic tone, appears to be a much more important determinant of cardiac performance in the mouse than in larger mammals.
Effect of configuration variation on externally blown flap noise

The sensitivity of flap interaction noise to variations in engine-under-the-wing externally blown flap geometry was investigated with a large cold-flow model. Both 2- and 3-flap wing sections (7-ft chord) with trailing flap angles up to 60 deg were employed. Exhaust nozzles included coaxial, plug, and 8- and 13-inch diameter conical configurations. These nozzles were tested at two positions below the wing. The effects of these geometry variations on noise level, directivity, and spectral shape are summarized in terms of exhaust flow parameters evaluated at the nozzle exit and at the flap impingement station. The results are also compared with limited flap noise data available from tests using real engines.
Histamine N-methyltransferase: inhibition by monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

HistamineN-methyltransferase (HNMT) catalyzes theNτ-methylation of histamine.Nτ-Methylhistamine can then undergo oxidation catalyzed by the mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). Addition of an MAO inhibitor such as pargyline to tissue preparations can increase the HNMT activity assayed-presumably as a result of inhibition ofNτ-methylhistamine metabolism by MAO. However, pargyline-dependent “activation” of HNMT may also occur in tissue preparations that lack mitochondria. Our experiments were performed to determine whether MAO inhibitors, like many other amine compounds, could directly increase the activity of partially purified HNMT, and, if so, to study the mechanism of activation. Human kidney HNMT was partially purified by sequential ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The activity of the purified HNMT was increased approximately 50% in the presence of pargyline. However, enzyme kinetic experiments showed that pargyline, like many other amines, was a competitive inhibitor of HNMT. Apparent activation of the enzyme resulted from sequential shifts of histamine substrate curves to higherV max values in the presence of increasing concentrations of pargyline. Other acetylenic MAO inhibitors, clorgyline and the two stereoisomers of deprenyl, were also competitive inhibitors of purified human kidney HNMT. Inhibition kinetic experiments performed in the presence of varying concentrations of histamine demonstrated thatK is values for pargyline, clorgyline, (R)-deprenyl and (S)-deprenyl were 0.126, 0.144, 0.217, and 0.627 mM, respectively. When the concentration of the cosubstrate for the reaction,S-adenosyl-l-methionine, was varied in the presence of variable concentrations of pargyline, inhibition of HNMT by pargyline was noncompetitive with regard to the methyl donor, withK ii andK is values of 1.23 and 0.95 mM, respectively. Finally, several amine compounds related structurally to pargyline were also found to be inhibitors of HNMT.