cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of Cu location near the back contact of CdS/CdTe solar cells

We have used the x-ray fluorescence signal from copper selectively excited with a ∼10 keV photon beam from the Argonne Advanced Photon Source to probe low levels of copper in sputtered CdTe cells. Through a peel-off technique that separates the evaporated Cu/Au back contact from the CdTe, we are able to determine where the Cu resides after cell preparation is finished. With a 3 to 4 nm Cu layer under the 20 nm of gold, we find that about 10% stays with the CdTe after contact peel-off. Recontacting these cells with fresh gold yields cell performance very close to the originally prepared contacts indicating that only 3–4 A of copper is needed for a good contact that exhibits no rollover in the first quadrant of the I–V curve.
A tutorial on design and analysis of waveguide-fed slot array antennas

This tutorial gives a detailed presentation on the design and analysis of waveguide-fed slot arrays. Examples of application of such arrays in radar, communications and remote sensing systems will also be discussed.
The gradient effect of context on language switching and lexical access in bilingual production

Previous research on bilingual language switching costs has demonstrated asymmetrical switch costs, driven primarily by language dominance, such that switches into a more dominant language incur significantly greater reaction time delays than switches into a less dominant language. While such studies have generally relied on a fixed ratio of switch to nonswitch tokens, it is clear that bilinguals operate not in a fixed ratio, but along a naturally occurring bilingual continuum of modes or contexts. Bridging the concepts of language switching and language context, the current study examines language switching costs through a cued picture-naming study with variable contexts or modes. The results demonstrate that switch costs are dependent upon both language dominance and language context, with asymmetrical costs found in more monolingual modes and symmetrical costs found in bilingual modes. Implications are discussed with respect to language mode and gradient inhibitory mechanisms of language selection.
Morphological Diversity, Development, and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System

Morphological, physiological, behavioral, and developmental studies of the mechanosensory lateral line system are used to define sources of morphological and functional variation in the system among fishes (and briefly in amphibians), review patterns and mechanisms of embryonic and postembryonic development, discuss how interspecific variation in morphology is explained by developmental patterns, and place the morphology of the lateral line system in model species for neurophysiological and neuroethological studies into a broader comparative context. The presence of both canal and superficial neuromasts defines two sensory submodalities in jawed fishes. The number and spatial distribution of superficial neuromasts appear to demonstrate more variation among species when compared to that of the canal neuromasts, whose distribution is limited by their association with the lateral line canals. Morphological diversity of the lateral line canal system is defined by (1) variation in the morphology and extent of development of the cranial lateral line canals; (2) the number, placement, and extent of development of the trunk canals; and (3) the distribution of superficial neuromasts on the skin of the head, trunk, and tail. An understanding of the pattern and timing of lateral line development is essential for an appreciation of changes in lateral line function and thus its behavioral roles through a fish’s life history. The evolution of the lateral line system and structure–function relationships among species are best appreciated when patterns and underlying mechanisms of development are considered. Conversely, an appreciation for morphological diversity among species is likely to assist in the interpretation of developmental patterns.
Conditions under which Velocity-Weakening Friction Allows a Self-healing versus a Cracklike Mode of Rupture

Abstract Slip rupture processes on velocity-weakening faults have been found in simulations to occur by two basic modes, the expanding crack and self-healing modes. In the expanding crack mode, as the rupture zone on a fault keeps expanding, slip continues growing everywhere within the rupture. In the self-healing mode, rupture occurs as a slip pulse propagating along the fault, with cessation of slip behind the pulse, so that the slipping region occupies only a small width at the front of the expanding rupture zone. We discuss the determination of rupture mode for dynamic slip between elastic half-spaces that are uniformly prestressed at background loading level τ b 0 outside a perturbed zone where rupture is nucleated. The interface follows a rate and state law such that strength τ strength approaches a velocity-dependent steady-state value τ ss ( V ) for sustained slip at velocity V , where d τ ss ( V )/ dV ≦ 0 (velocity weakening). By proving a theorem on when a certain type of cracklike solution cannot exist, and by analyzing the results of 2D antiplane simulations of rupture propagation for different classes of constitutive laws, and for a wide range of parameters within each, we develop explanations of when one or the other mode of rupture will result. The explanation is given in terms of a critical stress level τ pulse and a dimensionless velocity-weakening parameter T that is defined when τ b 0 ≥ τ pulse . Here τ pulse is the largest value of τ b 0 satisfying τ b 0 − (μ/2 c ) V ≤ τ ss ( V ) for all V > 0, where μ is the shear modulus and c is the shear wave speed. Also, T = [− d τ ss ( V )/ dV ]/(μ/2 c ) evaluated at V = V dyna , which is the largest root of τ b 0 − (μ/2 c ) V = τ ss ( V ); T = 1 at τ b 0 = τ pulse , and T diminishes toward 0 as τ b 0 is increased above τ pulse . We thus show that the rupture mode is of the self-healing pulse type in the low-stress range, when τ b 0 pulse or when τ b 0 is only slightly greater than τ pulse , such that T is near unity (e.g., T > 0.6). The amplitude of slip in the pulse diminishes with propagation distance at the lowest stress levels, whereas the amplitude increases for τ b 0 above a certain threshold τ arrest , with τ arrest pulse in the cases examined. When τ b 0 is sufficiently higher than τ pulse that T is near zero (e.g., T Thus rupture under low stress is in the self-healing mode and under high stress in the cracklike mode, where our present work shows how to quantify low and high. The results therefore suggest the possibility that the self-healing mode is common for large natural ruptures because the stresses on faults are simply too low to allow the cracklike mode.
Swearing after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Linguistic Analysis

This research examines the case of an individual with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and his swearword use. Verbal aggression in the form of swearwords is frequently reported in the clinical treatment of language after TBI, however it has not been examined from a linguistic perspective. This paper uses the principles of systemic functional linguistics to reveal the complex skills necessary to manipulate and employ swearwords. Hence, although clinicians often attribute excessive swearing in this population to reduced control of automatic responses, this paper reveals the skills employed in use of these words, which may pave the way for future strength based linguistic treatments for this population.
Implementation of an Attitude Detection and Localization Module for Micro-Aerial Vehicles Based on Arduino Platform

Over the past decade, micro-aerial vehicles have been developed rapidly and have found more and more applications among a wide range of mission-oriented civilian uses, such as search and rescue, reconnaissance, and delivery of light-weight objects. To achieve the above applications, the MAVs have to be equipped with an accurate attitude detection and localization module to maintain a stable attitude and a correct heading direction during flight. In this paper, we present the implementation of an attitude detection and localization module for unmanned aerial vehicles by integrating sensing data from the GPS sensor, inertial measurement unit, and digital compass. We utilize the Arduino platform to resolve the Euler angles of attitude from the gyro sensors of IMU, compute the heading direction of flight from the digital compass, and retrieve the altitude and longitude data of the vehicle from the GPS sensor and indicate its position in the Google map in real time. To avoid the data drift problem of the GPS sensor, we apply the zero velocity updated algorithm to detect the zero motion of the vehicle from the measurements of the IMU and determine whether to update the localization information.
Differential structured illumination microendoscopy for in vivo imaging of molecular contrast agents

Fiber optic microendoscopy has shown promise for visualization of molecular contrast agents used to study disease in vivo. However, fiber optic microendoscopes have limited optical sectioning capability, and image contrast is limited by out-of-focus light generated in highly scattering tissue. Optical sectioning techniques have been used in microendoscopes to remove out-of-focus light but reduce imaging speed or rely on bulky optical elements that prevent in vivo imaging. Here, we present differential structured illumination microendoscopy (DSIMe), a fiber optic system that can perform structured illumination in real time for optical sectioning without any opto-mechanical components attached to the distal tip of the fiber bundle. We demonstrate the use of DSIMe during in vivo fluorescence imaging in patients undergoing surgery for cervical adenocarcinoma in situ. Images acquired using DSIMe show greater contrast than standard microendoscopy, improving the ability to detect cellular atypia associated with neoplasia.
Thermoregulation as a disease tolerance defense strategy

Physiological responses that occur during infection are most often thought of in terms of effectors of microbial destruction through the execution of resistance mechanisms, due to a direct action of the microbe, or are maladaptive consequences of host-pathogen interplay. However, an examination of the cellular and organ-level consequences of one such response, thermoregulation that leads to fever or hypothermia, reveals that these actions cannot be readily explained within the traditional paradigms of microbial killing or maladaptive consequences of host-pathogen interactions. In this review, the concept of disease tolerance is applied to thermoregulation during infection, inflammation and trauma, and we discuss the physiological consequences of thermoregulation during disease including tissue susceptibility to damage, inflammation, behavior and toxin neutralization.
Sibling Abuse Trauma: Assessment and Intervention Strategies for Children, Families, and Adults, 2nd ed

(2014). Sibling Abuse Trauma: Assessment and Intervention Strategies for Children, Families, and Adults, 2nd ed. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 417-420.
Suicide and birth order.

In a sample of 80 famous suicides, no differences were found between first- and last borns in personal characteristics.
Quantifying the Effects of Text Duplication on Semantic Models.

Duplicate documents are a pervasive problem in text datasets and can have a strong effect on unsupervised models. Methods to remove duplicate texts are typically heuristic or very expensive, so it is vital to know when and why they are needed. We measure the sensitivity of two latent semantic methods to the presence of different levels of document repetition. By artificially creating different forms of duplicate text we confirm several hypotheses about how repeated text impacts models. While a small amount of duplication is tolerable, substantial over-representation of subsets of the text may overwhelm meaningful topical patterns.
Preferred treatment position between supine and prone for pelvic radiation therapy; quantification of the intrafractional body motion component by 3D surface imaging system

Purpose: We investigated the preferred treatment position between supine and prone during pelvic radiation treatment using real time tracking data from AlignRT. Our findings will provide valuable information regarding the role of intrafractional body motion in answering the question of prone versus supine position for pelvis radiation. Methods: Ten patients receiving pelvic radiation were enrolled in this study. For each patient, two simulation helical CT scans were performed, one in supine and one in prone position. Body surface contours were automatically generated and then exported to the AlignRT system as reference images. AlignRT continuous patient body motion tracking (1.5 to 2 minutes) was performed for both positions for each patient once per week for five weeks. The equivalent patient body motion along three principle directions was calculated from the six degree of freedom real time patient displacements data. The maximum and the standard deviation (STD) of equivalent patient body motion were calculated, so as the average of maximum and STD of equivalent patient motion over five fractions. These were then compared between supine and prone orientations. Results: A correlation was observed between the intrafractional body motion and large BMI. For overweight/obese patients, the intrafractional body motion was smaller for the supine position in both vertical and longitudinal directions. For normal range BMI patients, we observed no clear advantage for either supine or prone position in both vertical and longitudinal directions. In lateral direction, the intrafractional motion did not have statistically difference between two positions. Conclusion: Our study shows that the amount of intrafractional body motion between supine and prone orientation is correlated with patient BMI. Overweight/obese patients experienced significantly less overall body motion in supine orientation. The preferred treatment position for normal BMI patients was seen to be individually variable.
Predicting financial distress in teaching hospitals

Despite the prestige and reputation of teaching hospitals, as a group they are in financial distress. If this trend continues, one would expect to see a higher incidence of mergers and acquisitions or divestitures of assets and services, and other strategies designed to combat failing businesses. Nearly one out of every six teaching hospitals sampled was predicted to be near immediate bankruptcy, and the overwhelming majority was not far behind. It will take a significant effort for these hospitals to continue to treat their operations as a clinical and research "business," but they must do just that if they are to survive the continually turbulent market.
Transesophageal Echocardiography: Principles and Application

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) involves ultrasound imaging of cardiovascular system from the confines of the gastroesophageal track. This helps reduce signal attenuation and permits the use of higher ultrasound frequencies, thereby providing an enhanced spatial resolution.
Localizing Global Properties to Individual Maximal Ideals

We consider three related questions. Q 1: Given a global property G of a domain R, what does a particular maximal ideal M of R “know” about the property with regard to the ideals I ⊆ M and elements t ∈ M? Suppose P is such a property corresponding to G. Q 2: If each maximal ideal knows it has property P, does R have the corresponding global property G? Q 3: If at least one maximal ideal knows it has property P, does R have the global property G? We assume that if I ⊆ M, then M can tell when a particular element t ∈ M is contained in I and when it isn’t. Thus for a pair of ideals I and J contained in M, M knows when \(I \subseteq J\). In addition, this allows M to understand the intersection of ideals it contains. In some cases, if a single maximal ideal knows P, then R will satisfy G. For example, there are such Ps for G ∈ {PIDs, Noetherian domains, Domains with ACCP, Domains with finite character}.
Roles of insulin-like growth factors in peripheral nerve regeneration and motor neuron survival

This chapter discusses roles of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in peripheral nerve regeneration and motor neuron survival. The human IGF-II gene is located downstream of the insulin gene, on chromosome 11. There is a regulatory mechanism to modulate levels of insulin and IGFs. Infusion of supraphysiological concentrations of rhIGF-I into test subjects produces a substantial decline in IGF-II and insulin content in serum. The distribution of IGFs in brain and presence of variant IGF receptors suggest that IGFs are likely to play important roles in the nervous system. Adult neurons might lose responsiveness or may respond to different growth factors, but adult sensory neurons continue to extend neurites in response to IGFs. In addition to increasing neurite outgrowth, low concentrations of IGFs are found to enhance the survival of cultured embryonic sensory and sympathetic cells, as well as fetal cortical neurons. The data indicate that endogenous IGF-I and IGF-II may both contribute to IGF-dependent sciatic nerve regeneration. The axon regeneration and down-regulation of IGF mRNAs are also elaborated.
HCW 2018 Keynote Talk 2

Heterogeneity in computing has been with us for a long time, and it is here to stay for a foreseeable future too. In this talk, with some diverse set of application examples, ranging from histopathology image analysis to graph analytics, we will discuss the challenges of application developers for developing efficient, scalable and maintainable applications for heterogeneous systems, and associated opportunities for systems researchers in this field.
Prasterone (Intrarosa) for Dyspareunia

Prasterone is similarly effective to nonprescription options for treating vaginal dryness and itching associated with menopause and may offer a small benefit in the treatment of dyspareunia.
UNIT 1.3 Strategies for Genotype Generation

The identification of genomic loci linked to human disease has been greatly facilitated by the evolution of genotyping strategies and techniques. The success of these strategies continues to be based upon clear clinical assessment, accurate sample handling, and careful data management, but also increasingly upon experimental design. Technological advances in the field of genotyping are permitting increasing complex population studies to be performed. An understanding of publicly available genetic variation databases, including an awareness of the limitations of these data, and an appreciation of the strategic approaches that should be used to exploit this information will provide tremendous insight for researchers are aiming to utilize this increasingly accessible technology. As single-nucleotide polymorphisms become the mainstay of genetic analyses, it is important that their source, distribution and de novo identification before understood before they are incorporated into genetic linkage and association analyses. Keywords: Genotyping; Linkage; Association; PCR; Microarray
A retrospective analysis of the use of intravenous dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting in total joint replacement

Abstract Background Multimodal perioperative pain-management protocols have contributed to the success of elective total joint replacement in orthopedic surgery. General or neuraxial anesthesia for arthroplasty is accompanied by complications such as pruritis, nausea, and vomiting. Dexamethasone has been demonstrated to be a safe perioperative antiemetic. This study evaluates the benefit of low-dose intravenous dexamethasone used in the perioperative period to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. Methods Two scheduled doses of 8 mg of dexamethasone 12 hours apart after total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty were given to a dexamethasone group (n = 492) and were retrospectively compared with a no-dexamethasone group (n = 364) based on the use of antiemetics in the postoperative period. Frequency of antiemetic use in both groups was compared using a zero-inflated fixed-model Poisson distribution. Additional analysis included need for opioid analgesic, administration of diphenhydramine, and postoperative infection rates at 30 and 90 days. Results The dexamethasone group was found to have a significant reduction in need for the rescue antiemetic ondansetron (P = .00194). There was an associated reduction in length of stay for the treatment group (mean 1.83 days) relative to the control group (mean 2.17 days) (P Conclusions Dexamethasone is a safe adjunct to perioperative protocol that may reduce nausea, thus improving patient satisfaction. There is an associated reduction in length of stay that may reduce cost of hospitalization.
Modeling the effects of high-energy-laser beam quality using scalar Schell-model sources

At the system level, poor beam quality often leads to significant performance degradations. For instance, if a high-energy laser (HEL) source has poor beam quality, then the effectiveness of a beam-control system becomes compromised. This outcome is the result of non-common path phase errors in the HEL beam that are not sensed by the beam-control system. Therefore, phase-compensation performance becomes degraded, because if the phase errors that degrade performance cannot be sensed, then their effects cannot be corrected. To help quantity these system-level performance degradations, we need a reliable and accurate way to model the effects of poor beam quality. As such, this paper develops a statistical approach using scalar Schell-model sources. Applying the work of Santarsiero et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 106 (1999)], we show that we can quantify the effects of poor beam quality statistically in terms of the M2 parameter. Then, we develop Monte Carlo wave-optics simulations which specify the field correlation coefficient in terms of M2 for modeling HEL phase errors. The results show that we obtain convergence to the desired M2 parameter thus properly modeling the phase errors. In addition, we investigate the statistics of the "instantaneous" M2 parameter. We find, quite interestingly, that the instantaneous M2 is very nearly lognormal. This information will be useful in HEL beam-control system design.
Somatic drift and rapid loss of heterozygosity suggest small effective population size of stem cells and high somatic mutation rate in asexual planaria

Planarian flatworms have emerged as highly promising models of body regeneration due to the many stem cells scattered through their bodies. Currently, there is no consensus as to the number of stem cells active in each cycle of regeneration or the equality of their relative contributions. We approached this problem with a population genetic model of somatic genetic drift. We modeled the fissiparous life cycle of asexual planarians as an asexual population of cells that goes through repeated events of splitting into two subpopulations followed by population growth to restore the original size. We sampled a pedigree of obligate asexual clones of Girardia cf. tigrina at multiple time points encompassing 14 generations. Effective population size of stem cells was inferred from the magnitude of temporal fluctuations in the frequency of somatic variants and under most of the examined scenarios was estimated to be in the range of a few hundreds. Average genomic nucleotide diversity was 0.00398. Assuming neutral evolution and mutation-drift equilibrium, the somatic mutation rate was estimated in the 10^(-5)-10^(-7) range. Alternatively, we estimated N_e and somatic μ from temporal changes in nucleotide diversity π without the assumption of equilibrium. This second method suggested even smaller N_e and larger μ. A key unknown parameter in our model on which estimates of N_e and μ depend is g, the ratio of cellular to organismal generations determined by tissue turnover rate. Small effective number of propagating stem cells might contribute to reducing reproductive conflicts in clonal organisms.
Time-resolved imaging of atoms and molecules in laser-produced uranium plasmas

Gas-phase oxidation of uranium (U), plume chemistry, and the corresponding impact on optical emission features of the U plasma are investigated. Plasmas were produced via nanosecond laser ablation of a natural U target in a chamber where U oxidation was controlled by varying the oxygen partial pressure in an argon cover gas. Monochromatic imaging of U atoms and monoxide (UO) molecules was performed using narrow bandpass optical filters. Results reveal the spatio-temporal evolution of atomic and molecular species in the plasma. U oxides are found to be formed further from the target (in comparison to U atoms), where lower temperatures favor molecular recombination. Segregation between the distribution of U atoms and UO species is observed at later times of plasma evolution, and is more apparent at lower oxygen partial pressures. At higher oxygen partial pressures, significant variation in plume morphology is noticed for UO species, which can be attributed to the higher oxide (UxOy) formation further from the target. The monochromatic images of U atoms and UO molecules and corresponding spectral features at various oxygen partial pressures presented here provide unique insight into gas-phase, high-temperature U oxidation and chemistry, with implications for a wide range of nuclear applications, from stand-off detection of radioisotopes to forensics and safeguards.
Phalangeal Fracture During Attempted Dupuytrens Release Following Clostridial Collagenase Injection: Case Report.

Introduction Dupuytren's disease can be a challenging condition for both patients and surgeons. Injectable collagen clostridium histolyticum was approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration in 2010. A number of side effects have been described. In this case report, we present a complication of a proximal phalanx fracture which occurred during attempted release post injection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this particular complication. Case report The patient is an 80-year-old right-hand dominant retired male with bilateral hand contractures and palmar fibromatosis. His medical history is notable for Type II diabetes mellitus and metastatic thyroid cancer. The patient underwent Xiaflex injection of the left small finger and returned 4 days later for planned release. An appreciable release of the contracture was noted; however, there was a concern for plastic deformation of the proximal phalanx as a result of the manipulation. X-rays confirmed the fracture and apex volar angulation at the base of the proximal phalanx. The fracture appeared amenable to non-operative treatment. The patient has been followed closely and has had no pain or tenderness at the fracture site and minimal swelling. X-rays at 1 week and 1 month showed maintained alignment and signs of consolidation at the fracture site. The patient is currently 4-month post-fracture, and no further intervention has been pursued. Conclusions This report represents an additional potential complication associated with the use of Xiaflex. We recommend judicious use in elderly patients with severe contractures and/or multiple comorbidities. It is important to appreciate the possibility of this complication at the time of release.
IL-36 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment.

The ability of the immune system to prevent or control the growth of tumor cells is critically dependent on inflammatory processes that lead to the activation, expansion, and recruitment of antitumor effector cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). These processes are orchestrated by soluble cytokines produced in tissues that alarm local immune surveillance cells (such as dendritic cells, DCs) to mobilize protective antitumor immune populations (B cells, T cells). The interleukin (IL)-36 family of pro-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in multiple disease processes, ranging from an instigator of autoimmune psoriasis to an initiator of therapeutic immune responses against tumor cells. This chapter will focus on the biologic role of immunomodulatory IL-36 family cytokines in the cancer setting and their potential utility in the design of effective interventional therapies. (127 words)
Radiographic patterns of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients: Imaging predictors for clinical severity and outcome.

Abstract Objective Investigate the spectrum of radiographic patterns of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in lung cancer patients and identify imaging markers for high-grade RP and RP-related death. Methods Eighty-two patients with lung cancer treated with conventional chest radiotherapy who had symptomatic RP were identified from the radiation oncology database. The imaging features of RP were studied for association with high-grade RP (Grade ≥3) and RP-related death (Grade 5). Results RP was Grade 2 in 60 (73%), Grade 3 in 15 (18%), and Grade 5 in 7 patients (9%). Lower performance status (p = 0.04), squamous cell histology (p = 0.03), and FEV1 ≤ 2 (p = 0.009) were associated with high-grade pneumonitis. Older age (p = 0.03) and squamous cell histology (p = 0.03) were associated with RP-related death. The CT findings included ground-glass and reticular opacities in all patients, with traction bronchiectasis in 77 (94%) and consolidation in 74 (90%). The most common radiographic pattern of RP was cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) pattern (n = 54), followed by acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pattern (n = 10). Higher extent of lung involvement, diffuse distribution, and AIP/ARDS pattern were associated with high-grade pneumonitis and RP-related death. AIP/ARDS pattern was a significant factor for high-grade pneumonitis (OR:12.62, p = 0.01) in multivariable analyses adjusting for clinical variables. Conclusion COP pattern was the most common radiographic pattern for symptomatic RP in lung cancer patients. AIP/ARDS pattern was significantly associated with high-grade RP and RP-related deaths, and was an independent marker for high-grade RP. The recognition of the radiographic patterns of RP can help to effectively contribute to patient management.
Prognostic significance of hormone receptor (ER/PR) status in endometrial carcinoma in black women: Implications with lymph node metastasis.

e18099Background: Histological examination of tumor tissues is necessary for deciding if endometrial surgery should include lymph node sampling. Studies have demonstrated that loss of estrogen and ...
A viral toolkit for recording transcription factor-DNA interactions in live mouse tissues

Abstract Transcription factors (TFs) enact precise regulation of gene expression through site-specific, genome-wide binding. Common methods for TF occupancy profiling, such as chromatin immunoprecipitation, are limited by requirement of TF-specific antibodies and provide only endpoint snapshots of TF binding. Alternatively, TF-tagging techniques, in which a TF is fused to a DNA-modifying enzyme that marks TF binding events across the genome as they occur, do not require TF-specific antibodies and offer the potential for unique applications, such as recording of TF occupancy over time and cell type-specificity through conditional expression of the TF-enzyme fusion. Here we create a viral toolkit for one such method, calling cards, and demonstrate that these reagents can be delivered to the live mouse brain and used to report TF occupancy. Further, we establish a Cre-dependent calling cards system, termed Flip-Excision (FLEX) calling cards and, in proof-of-principle experiments, show utility in defining cell type-specific TF profiles and recording and integrating TF binding events across time. This versatile approach will enable unique studies of TF-mediated gene regulation in live animal models.
NEW RECORDS OF MIRIDAE (HETEROPTERA) IN SERBIA

Data on 9 new species for the fauna of Serbia are presented: Dicyphus (Dicyphus) epilobii Reuter, 1883; Europiella decolor (Uhler, 1893); Icodema infuscata (Fieber, 1861); Lygus wagneri Remane, 1955; Orthocephalus brevis Panzer, 1798; Phoenicocoris obscurellus (Fallen, 1829); Phytocoris (Exophytocoris) scitulus Reuter, 1908; Pinalitus rubricatus (Fallen, 1807) and Polymerus (Poeciloscytus) palustris Reuter, 1905.
Evaluating and Enhancing Driving Skills for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities Through Simulator Training

Research consistently demonstrates that attainment of a driver’s license and access to a vehicle directly and favorably influence employment outcomes, enhance one’s ability to capitalize on quality...
Vicilin and legumin storage proteins are abundant in water and alkali soluble protein fractions of glandless cottonseed.

In this work, we sequentially extracted water (CSPw)- and alkali (CSPa)-soluble protein fractions from glandless cottonseed. SDS-Gel electrophoresis separated CSPw and CSPa to 8 and 14 dominant polypeptide bands (110–10 kDa), respectively. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry identified peptide fragments from 336 proteins. While the majority of peptides were identified as belonging to vicilin and legumin storage proteins, peptides from other functional and uncharacterized proteins were also detected. Based on the types (unique peptide count) and relative abundance (normalized total ion current) of the polypeptides detected by mass spectrometry, we found lower levels (abundance) and types of legumin isoforms, but higher levels and more fragments of vicilin-like antimicrobial peptides in glandless samples, compared to glanded samples. Differences in peptide fragment patterns of 2S albumin and oleosin were also observed between glandless and glanded protein samples. These differences might be due to the higher extraction recovery of proteins from glandless cottonseed as proteins from glanded cottonseed tend to be associated with gossypol, reducing extraction efficiency. This work enriches the fundamental knowledge of glandless cottonseed protein composition. For practical considerations, this peptide information will be helpful to allow better understanding of the functional and physicochemical properties of glandless cottonseed protein, and improving the potential for food or feed applications.
Biological dinitrogen fixation: symbiotic

Abstract Dinitrogen-fixing prokaryotes form several important mutualisms with either fungi or higher plants. This chapter describes and discusses the legume-Rhizobium, actinorhizal, and cyanobacterial symbioses that together contribute significantly to the nitrogen economy of agricultural and forestry systems globally. The legume-Rhizobium symbiosis is most familiar with a century of research now underpinning an important inoculant industry. This symbiosis is estimated to contribute 50–70 Tg N year−1 to global agricultural systems. Actinorhizal symbioses are mutualisms between eight families of woody plants and the monophyletic actinobacterial genus Frankia. This mutualism is most important in northern hardwood forests. The cyanobacterium, Anabaena (Nostoc), forms an important mutualism with the water fern, Azolla, that together can contribute significant fixed nitrogen in rice fields. Cyanobacteria also contribute to developing and maintaining soil biocrusts throughout global drylands. Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation currently accounts for almost 50% of the nitrogen used in agriculture.
Time to Completion of Major Development in Newly Urbanized Areas for Large Urban Areas in the U.S., 1960-2010

The time it takes for the completion of major development in areas that changed from rural to urban and are added to urban areas is examined for 59 large urban areas in the United States. Discrete-time survival models are used to predict the probability of the areas reaching completion of development over time and are estimated using logistic regression. This probability declines over time and is best predicted using the inverse of time. The percent change in the number of housing units in the entire urban area in each decade is significantly related to the probability of completing major development and therefore time to completion of major development, with more rapidly growing areas taking longer. Predictions of the model are used to estimate the median time to completion of major development. Estimates of the median are made for values of percent change in the urban area 1 standard deviation below and above the mean for all areas and decades. The predicted median time to completion of major development for more slowly growing areas is 30.9 years while the predicted median for more rapidly growing areas is 34.2 years.
Vaccination errors reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, (VAERS) United States, 2000-2013.

Abstract Importance Vaccination errors are preventable events. Errors can have impacts including inadequate immunological protection, possible injury, cost, inconvenience, and reduced confidence in the healthcare delivery system. Objectives To describe vaccination error reports submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) and identify opportunities for prevention. Methods We conducted descriptive analyses using data from VAERS, the U.S. spontaneous surveillance system for adverse events following immunization. The VAERS database was searched from 2000 through 2013 for U.S. reports describing vaccination errors and reports were categorized into 11 error groups. We analyzed numbers and types of vaccination error reports, vaccines involved, reporting trends over time, and descriptions of errors for selected reports. Results We identified 20,585 vaccination error reports documenting 21,843 errors. Annual reports increased from 10 in 2000 to 4324 in 2013. The most common error group was “Inappropriate Schedule” (5947; 27%); human papillomavirus (quadrivalent) (1516) and rotavirus (880) vaccines were most frequently involved. “Storage and Dispensing” errors (4983; 23%) included mostly expired vaccine administered (2746) and incorrect storage of vaccine (2202). “Wrong Vaccine Administered” errors (3372; 15%) included mix-ups between vaccines with similar antigens such as varicella/herpes zoster (shingles), DTaP/Tdap, and pneumococcal conjugate/polysaccharide. For error reports with an adverse health event (5204; 25% of total), 92% were classified as non-serious. We also identified 936 vaccination error clusters (i.e., same error, multiple patients, in a common setting) involving over 6141 patients. The most common error in clusters was incorrect storage of vaccine (582 clusters and more than 1715 patients). Conclusions Vaccination error reports to VAERS have increased substantially. Contributing factors might include changes in reporting practices, increasing complexity of the immunization schedule, availability of products with similar sounding names or acronyms, and increased attention to storage and temperature lapses. Prevention strategies should be considered.
Inhalational Injuries (Excluding Smoke Inhalation)

Toxic gas inhalation injuries occur as the result of occupational or domestic accidents, smoke inhalation, or military exposure. Most noxious inhalants directly irritate or damage the mucosa of the pharynx and tracheobronchial tree, producing erythema, edema, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm [272]. On occasion, mucosal ulceration and sloughing also occur. If the dose and the toxicity of the inhaled agent is great enough (ammonia, chlorine, hydrogen, sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, phosgene, sulfur dioxide), the alveolocapillary barrier can be disrupted, causing noncardiogenic pulmonary edema [29, 128, 313, 320].
A database of orthologous exons in primates for comparative analysis of RNA-seq data

RNA-seq technology facilitates the study of gene expression at the level of individual exons and transcripts. Moreover, RNA-seq enables unbiased comparative analysis of expression levels across species. Such analyses typically start by mapping sequenced reads to the appropriate reference genome before comparing expression levels across species. However, this comparison requires prior knowledge of orthology at the exon level. With this in mind, I constructed a database of orthologous exons across three primate species (human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque). The database facilitates cross-species comparative analysis of exon- and transcript-level regulation. A web application allowing for an easy database query: http://giladlab.uchicago.edu/orthoExon/
Field quality control strategies for assessing solidification/stabilization

Existing regulatory mobility reduction (leaching) tests are not amenable to real time quality control because of the time required to perform sample extraction and chemical analysis. This is of concern because the leaching test is the most important parameter used to relate treated waste performance to public health and environmental protection goals. To help alleviate this problem, an integrated quality control approach is recommended in which the number of leaching tests performed is minimized and quality control is maintained by a program which includes monitoring material (reagent) quality and equipment calibration, personnel requirements, real time testing, pilot cell demonstrations, and early failure indicators.
EMPATHY, SYMPATHY, CARE

Mesurant l'importance des notions d'empathie et sympathie d'un point de vue ethique, l'A. etudie la relation entre la sympathie pour et le bien-etre d'une personne, celui-ci etablissant un rapport normatif avec l'idee de souci. Examinant les concepts de contagion emotionnelle, empathie projective et empathie proto-sympathique a la lumiere de la theorie du desir rationnel d'H. Sidgwick , l'A. montre que l'experience dees autres par la sympathie est fondamentale non seulement dans une perspective categorique, mais aussi pour le bien meme de l'individu
Sustained delivery of androgens triggers the induction of intracardiac interleukin-6 in adult male rats (547.13)

It is well documented that Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 are thought to be mediators in the initiation of several organ injuries by inducing apoptosis and necrosis. Several reports have indic...
Role of Chromosome Loss in ras/myc-induced Syrian Hamster Tumors

It has been shown previously that normal Syrian hamster embryo cells are neoplastically transformed by transfection with two cooperating oncogenes, v- myc plus v-Ha- ras . Karyotypic analyses of the cells from the tumors revealed a nonrandom chromosome change, monosomy of chromosome 15. In order to clarify the role of chromosome loss in these tumor cells with defined oncogene alterations, molecular and cytogenetic studies were performed on hybrids between normal Syrian hamster embryo cells and ras/myc tumor cells. Following fusion of the tumor cells with the normal cells which are not immortal, the majority of the cell hybrids senesced after ≤20 population doublings indicating that immortality was recessive. Some of the hybrids escaped senescence and grew indefinitely. These immortal hybrid cells retained the expected numbers of chromosome 15 indicating that escape from senescence did not involve loss of this chromosome. The tumorigenicity and anchorage-independent growth of the nonsenescent hybrids were still suppressed significantly. In these suppressed hybrid cells, RNAs complementary to the v-Ha- ras and v- myc oncogenes were expressed. Furthermore, radioimmune precipitation with a monoclonal antibody to p21 res of [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis showed that the suppressed hybrid cells contained high levels of the mutated ras protein. These results indicate that tumorigenicity is suppressed in the hybrids even though the oncogenes are expressed. When the hybrid cells were passaged, anchorage-independent variants appeared in the cultures. At this time, morphological changes occurred in the cultures and the cells were tumorigenic. Karyotypic analyses of the transformed segregants versus the parental hybrid cells revealed a nonrandom loss of one copy of chromosome 15 in the transformed segregants. No other nonrandom chromosome change was observed. These results suggest that the loss of chromosome 15 results in the loss of a cellular tumor suppressor gene which effects a phenotypic change necessary for expression of neoplastic transformation. In addition, the cellular factors responsible for the senescence of the hybrids may provide another mechanism involved in suppressing tumorigenicity.
A CD44-like endothelial cell transmembrane glycoprotein (GP116) interacts with extracellular matrix and ankyrin.

Abstract We used complementary biochemical and immunological techniques to establish that an endothelial cell transmembrane glycoprotein, GP116, is a CD44-like molecule and binds directly both to extracellular matrix components (e.g., hyaluronic acid) and to ankyrin. The specific characteristics of GP116 are as follows: (i) GP116 can be surface labeled with Na 125I and contains a wheat germ agglutinin-binding site(s), indicating that it has an extracellular domain; (ii) GP116 displays immunological cross-reactivity with a panel of CD44 antibodies, shares some peptide similarity with CD44, and has a similar 52-kDa precursor molecule, indicating that it is a CD44-like molecule; (iii) GP116 displays specific hyaluronic acid-binding properties, indicating that it is a hyaluronic acid receptor; (iv) GP116 can be phosphorylated by endogenous protein kinase C activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and by exogenously added protein kinase C; and (v) GP116 and a 20-kDa tryptic polypeptide fragment of GP116 from the intracellular domain are capable of binding the membrane-cytoskeleton linker molecule, ankyrin. Furthermore, phosphorylation of GP116 by protein kinase C significantly enhances GP116 binding to ankyrin. Together, these findings strongly suggest that phosphorylation of the transmembrane glycoprotein GP116 (a CD44-like molecule) by protein kinase C is required for effective GP116-ankyrin interaction during endothelial cell adhesion events.
Imaging for neuro-ophthalmic and orbital disease

Purpose To provide an update on imaging of the brain and orbit for ophthalmologists. Design Literature review. Methods A systematic English-language medline search and summary of recent literature on imaging of brain and orbit was performed. Results Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) scanning are the mainstays for the evaluation of most disorders involving the brain and orbit. Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are relatively newer applications that are useful for the evaluation of arterial and venous disorders. Special sequences such as fat suppression and fluid attenuation inversion recovery are useful techniques for specific ophthalmic indications. Diffusion weighted imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging are improving the evaluation of acute stroke. Functional MRI, positron emission tomography scanning and single photon emission computed tomography may provide useful information regarding brain or tumor metabolism. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has expanded our knowledge of brain function. Newer imaging studies have improved our diagnostic abilities on many fronts, including new sequences, new applications of imaging studies, and functional imaging of brain. Conclusion New imaging techniques for brain and orbit have an increased potential for improving diagnostic yield. Accurate and timely communication with the neuroradiologist can optimize the prescription and interpretation of imaging in ophthalmology.
Validity of rapid cycling as a modifier for bipolar disorder in DSM-IV

Data are reviewed regarding the validity of rapid cycling as a modifier for Bipolar Disorder, as defined by the Dunner-Fieve criterion of at least four affective episodes in 12 months. This formulation is evaluated in light of the criteria for validity suggested by Robins and Guze and by Kendell. While available data support recognition of rapid cycling as a modifier, a number of issues remain. These include particularly the optimal cut-off for rapid cycling in terms of number of episodes per year, and whether brief but severe episodes should be counted towards that criterion. Several options for operational zed criteria sets are discussed. Depression 1:11–19 (1993). Published 1993 by Wiley-Liss, Inc.