cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating qualitative research in the poststructural moment: the lessons James Joyce teaches us

Poststructural theory creates a crisis of representation and legitimation for qualitative research in the human disciplines. The direct link between text and experience is now problematic. This is the crisis of representation. The crisis of legitimation involves a reconceptualization of the criteria that researchers use for evaluating interpretive research. These two crises are located within the history of qualitative research in the United States and Europe. James Joyce's four pivotal literary works are used as vehicles to illustrate how these crises have been resolved in earlier historical moments. New directions for research and theory are suggested, based on this discussion.
Perinatal progesterone affects learning in rats

Abstract (1) There has been considerable discussion in recent years concerning reported effects of prenatally administered progesterone or synthetic progestins on the intelligence and personalities of children. (2) Very little work has been done with animals, in which physiological mechanisms may be sought. (3) We report here that pre- and early postnatally administered progesterone facilitated rats' performance of an active avoidance task both prepubertally and in young adulthood. (4) This, together with other recent results from our lab, suggests a demasculinization of behavior patterns, perhaps mediated by alterations of monoamine systems.
Deep-sea erosional unconformity in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico

Multichannel seismic data and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) well information reveal a prominent erosional unconformity in the deep southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Corresponding to a 44 to 38.5 m.y. B.P. hiatus (middle to late Eocene) at DSDP site 540 (Leg 77), the unconformity was apparently produced by the bottom effects of wind-driven surface currents (paleo-Florida Current) and gravitational mass movements capable of scouring the slope. Intensification of these sedimentary processes may have been related to global cooling and a reported drop in sea level in the late Eocene, but it may also have been part of a complex global response to a postulated Paleogene meteorite impact.
Influence of the surface on magnetic domain-wall microstructure.

The magnetization orientations in domain walls at the surfaces of an Fe crystal, a ferromagnetic glass, and a Permalloy film, measured by scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis, exhibit asymmetric surface N\'eel wall profiles which (1) are at least twice as wide as interior Bloch walls in bulk and (2) are described quantitatively by our micromagnetic calculations without assuming any special surface parameters. Misinterpretation of domain-wall widths, Bitter patterns, and magnetic-force-microscopy images can result from overlooking the extreme effect of the surface on magnetic microstructure.
Correspondence: Excess entropy (ee) and excess entropy production (eep) in aging, evolving systems

From the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, Excess Entropy and Excess Entropy Production formulas are developed for a living system. For inanimate, corporate-style organizations, analogous Excess Entropy concepts are derived from Shannon's informational entropy equation. It is suggested that Excess Entropy and Excess Entropy Production are useful concepts in tracking aging systems.
Credit card use: disposable income and employment status

Purpose – College students often embrace credit card use and do not always consider the potential risks of incurring debt from irresponsible credit card use. This paper aims to focus on this issue.Design/methodology/approach – College students (n=301) were surveyed and reported their disposable income and employment status. Outcome variables were attitudes toward irresponsible credit card use, compulsive buying, money anxiety, and money price sensitivity.Findings – It is found that an incremental pattern of greater levels of disposable income and employment was associated with greater credit card use irresponsibility. Greater levels of disposable income were associated with greater levels of compulsive buying and money anxiety. Part‐time employment was associated with the greatest level of money price sensitivity.Originality/value – The paper shows that college students should seek information about, or counseling for, the responsibilities associated with credit card use and proper handling of personal fi...
Reducing Heart Failure Admissions Through Heart Success Transitional Care Model

functioning), that act as barriers to patients engaging in self-care and ii) support clinicians by providing them with patient educational and surveillance management options based on level of self-care. Aim: The study aimed to provide a preliminary analysis on the construct validity of Heart-FaST. Methods: Heart-FaST was administered to patients enrolled in a nurse-led disease management program (n542, mean age 71, SD511 years, 71% males) in Melbourne, Australia. Higher scores on the three domains of Heart-FaST: physical (1-3), cognitive (0-20) and emotional (749) indicate worse functioning. Construct validity of the three Heart-FaST domains was examined via correlations with tools measuring similar constructs: Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and physical and emotional components of the SF-12. The selfcare heart failure index (SCHFI) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were also administered for descriptive purposes. Results: SCHFI maintenance (M561, SD516), management (M547, SD524) and confidence scores (M560, SD522) were low. A high proportion of participants reported inadequate self-care maintenance (75%) self-care management (77%) and self-care confidence (64%). Half the sample (52%) required assistance with housekeeping activities; 36% assistance with shopping; 32% assistance with cooking; 12% assistance with medications; and 20% assistance with transport. According to the Heart-FaST assessment, 30 (33%) patients were classified as lower physical functioning, 51 (56%) as lower cognitive functioning and 28 (31%) as lower emotional functioning. The physical domain of the Heart-FaST moderately correlated in the hypothesised direction with the physical component of the SF-12 (r5-0.61, p!0.001). The cognitive domain of the Heart-FaST moderately correlated in the hypothesised direction with MMSE score (r5-0.43, p50.01). The emotional domain of the Heart-FaST moderately correlated in the hypothesised direction with the emotional component of the SF12 (r5-0.45, p50.01). Conclusion: Preliminary analyses support the construct validity of the Heart-FaST as a screening tool for physical, cognitive and emotional barriers that may hinder engagement in HF self-care. Heart-FaST therefore has the potential to assist clinicians in tailoring educational and surveillance disease management strategies to individual need.
Energetic and kinematic consequences of weighting the distal limb.

Summary Reason for performing study: It is well known that adding a load to a horse's back increases its energetic costs of locomotion, but the magnitude of increase obtained by loading the most distal portion of limb has not been measured. Objectives: To measure oxygen consumption in horses with mass added to the back and hooves. Because such mass distribution alters inertial parameters of the limbs, kinematic measurements were made to quantify the magnitude of change in limb movement. Methods: Steady-state oxygen consumption was measured in 6 horses with a load of 2.4 kg. The load was either carried on the back or distributed equally between the 4 limbs. Modified bell boots kept the mass at the level of P3. Horses trotted on a treadmill at speeds ranging from 2 to 5 m/sec (in 0.5 m/sec increments). High-speed (250 Hz) digital images were recorded in a sagittal plane and the positions of retroreflective markers located on standard positions on the limbs were digitised for kinematic analysis. Results: Loading of the distal limbs produced a 6.7% increase in metabolic rate, an order of magnitude higher than when the mass was added over the back. Although the stride period was 2% longer in horses with loads on the distal limbs, time of contact and duty factor were not different. Distal limb loading increased the range of motion in hind-but not forelimbs. Conclusions: The costs of swinging the limbs in the horse are considerable and the addition of weights to the distal limb can have a profound effect on not only the energetics of locomotion but also the kinematics, at least in the hindlimb. Potential relevance: The use of weighted shoes, intended to increase animation of the gait, increases the metabolic effort of performance horses a disproportionate amount. The additional mass also increases the joint range of motion and, potentially, the likelihood of injury.
The Origin of Infrared Absorption Bands of Soot in the Region 750 to 900 cm -1

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to reveal the nature of functional groups on the surface of soot. Bands which showed isotopic shifts upon regenerating soot functionalities with 18O2 in the 1700 cm−1 and 1200 cm−1 regions were assigned to ketone-like carbonyl and ether-like groups on the surface, while the 1590 cm−1 band, which fails to show any isotopic shift upon the reoxidation of soot with 18O2 at high temperature, has been assigned to a carbonyl group conjugated with aromatic ring segments. Bands in the 800 cm−1 were given no definite assignments (Fig. 1). Logical origins of these bands could be the C-H out-of-plane bending of highly substituted aromatic compounds or stretching modes of peroxides or hydroperoxides. An attempt is made in this work to substantiate the origin of these bands.
Sequential scheduling of priority queues and Arm-acquiring bandits

In a queueing network with a single server and r service nodes, a non-preemptive non-idling policy chooses a node to service at each service completion epoch. Under the assumptions of independent Poisson arrival processes, fixed routing probabilities, and linear holding cost rates, we apply Whistle's method for Arm-acquiring bandits to show that for minimizing discounted cost or long-run average cost the optimal policy is an index policy. We also give explicit expressions for those priority indices.
A system-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes in ectopic and eutopic endometrium

BACKGROUND: Decades of research suggest that endometriosis is a complex disorder, with varying severity, onset and progression. Many genes have been associated with endometriosis through a number of studies and now microarray analyses have added to the list of perturbed or differentially regulated genes. Thus, it is difficult to see 'the big picture' without first integrating these multiple, heterogeneous sources of high-quality information for analysis. METHODS: The goal of this study was to infer correlative and/or causal trends by combining empirical microarray analysis with a historical knowledge base of genetic relationships in endometriosis via a program called IRIDESCENT. RESULTS: Importantly, we found a number of genes, which may have a central role in endometriosis, despite the fact that few or no past studies have reported these associations. CONCLUSIONS: Several genes listed as non-responders on the microarray were found to be regulated post-transcriptionally, illustrating the importance of integrating multiple data sources.
A Descriptive Study on Sexually Exploited Children in Residential Treatment

Sexual exploitation and prostitution of children and adolescents is a multibillion dollar industry in the United States (Estes and Weiner in Medical, legal & social science aspects of child sexual exploitation: A comprehensive review of pornography, prostitution, and internet crimes, vol I, G.W. Medical Publishing, Inc, St Louis, 2005; Milloy in Essence 33(5):429–436, 2002). It is estimated that 293,000 youth are at-risk of being commercially sexual exploited (Estes and Weiner in The commercial sexual exploitation of children in the U. S., Canada and Mexico, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 2001). Courtrooms in major cities around the country are reporting an increase of juveniles who are prostituted and of the individuals who prostitute them. Issues such as negative family dynamics, poor parenting skills, lower intellectual functioning, poor school success, inadequate social skills, and abuse and neglect are risk factors associated with juvenile prostitutes. This descriptive study focused on a unique group home treatment program in a large southern city for adolescent females with a history of juvenile prostitution. The authors found that the participants had low IQ scores and multiple mental health disorders. Implications for intervention and treatment are discussed.
The new Casper: query processing for location services without compromising privacy

This paper tackles a major privacy concern in current location-based services where users have to continuously report their locations to the database server in order to obtain the service. For example, a user asking about the nearest gas station has to report her exact location. With untrusted servers, reporting the location information may lead to several privacy threats. In this paper, we present Casper1; a new framework in which mobile and stationary users can entertain location-based services without revealing their location information. Casper consists of two main components, the location anonymizer and the privacy-aware query processor. The location anonymizer blurs the users' exact location information into cloaked spatial regions based on user-specified privacy requirements. The privacy-aware query processor is embedded inside the location-based database server in order to deal with the cloaked spatial areas rather than the exact location information. Experimental results show that Casper achieves high quality location-based services while providing anonymity for both data and queries.
Review article: cyclic AMP sensors in living cells: what signals can they actually measure?

Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger that transmits information to several proteins including cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and protein kinase A (PKA). In turn, these effectors regulate such diverse cellular functions as Ca2+ influx, excitability, and gene expression, as well as cell-specific processes such as glycogenolysis and lipolysis. The enzymes known to regulate cAMP levels, adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase, have been studied in detail. Unfortunately, an understanding of how information is encoded within cAMP signals has been elusive, because, until recently, methods for measuring cAMP lacked both spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper, we describe two recently developed methods for detecting cAMP levels in living cells. The first method measures fluorescence energy transfer between labeled subunits of PKA. This method is particularly useful for monitoring cellular localization of PKA activity following increases in cAMP levels. However, the slow activation and deactivation rates, the necessarily high concentrations of labeled subunits, and the redistribution of labeled subunits throughout the cell, all intrinsic to this method, limit its utility as a cAMP sensor. The second method uses genetically modified cyclic nucleotide-gated channels to measure plasma membrane-localized cAMP levels in either cell populations or single cells. The rapid gating kinetics of these channels allow real-time measurement of cAMP concentrations. These methods have given us the first glimpses of cAMP signals within living cells. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2002: 8716Uv, 8780-y, 8716Sr
Cardiovascular toxicity associated with adjuvant trastuzumab therapy: prevalence, patient characteristics, and risk factors

Before the advent of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, HER2-positive breast cancers were difficult to treat and had a poor prognosis. Adjuvant trastuzumab is now an important part of the treatment regimen for many women with HER2-positive breast cancer and has undoubtedly resulted in a significant improvement in prognosis, but it is associated with a risk for cardiotoxicity. In this review, we describe the prevalence, patient characteristics, and risk factors for cardiotoxicity associated with use of adjuvant trastuzumab. Understanding risk factors for trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity and appropriate patient monitoring during trastuzumab treatment allows for safe and effective use of this important adjuvant therapy.
How human communities could ‘feel’ changing ocean biogeochemistry

Human-driven changes to ocean biogeochemistry affect multiple marine processes and species, thus altering the diverse array of ecosystem services that benefit human societies. Changes in marine biogeochemistry such as pollution, ocean acidification, and deoxygenation often simultaneously affect marine environments and ecosystem services, often interacting synergistically to enhance one another. These biogeochemical shifts also occur in parallel with other anthropogenically driven changes, like rising temperature and altered circulation or reduced biodiversity and ecological shifts. Ecosystem services that experience multiple stressors could also therefore be more strongly harmed. Initial studies have estimated biogeochemistry-associated losses in some ecosystem services to which monetary values can be assigned, but the methods used fall short for measuring change in many other ecosystem services. Ecosystem assessments will provide a much broader accounting of how changing marine ecosystem services will affect human well-being by examining the natural and social science implications of marine biogeochemical change.
An Assessment of Clinical Performance Measures for Pediatric Emergency Physicians

The objectives were to evaluate clinical performance measures used for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians for reliability, correlation with one another, and relationship with clinical experience. This retrospective cohort study collected performance data for PEM physicians working at an urban children’s hospital emergency department (ED) for each of 7 consecutive 6-month periods. Low correlations were seen between patients per hour or admission rate and 72-hour revisit rates. No significant association existed between level of experience and any performance measure. Physician treatment times appeared to be most reliable, and revisit rates were least reliable. Increase in number of patients seen per hour or lower admission rates in the ED are not significantly associated with an increase in revisit rates. Provider experience did not affect performance measures. Physician treatment time, patients per hour, admission rate, and charges per hour are reliable measures to assess the clinical performan...
Phosphate uptake along a coastal plain estuary

Biotic PO,‘- uptake rates were measured along the Delaware estuary to examine seasonal and spatial patterns of variation. Uptake was highest (40-90 nmol liter-’ h-l) in summer and lowest ( 150/w) where primary productivity is high. Between the river and the lower bay, the concentration of suspended sediment is high, and PO,j- uptake was reduced (~5 nmol liter-’ h-l) at all times of the year. Partitioning of uptake by size revealed that both bacteria and phytoplankton are important in the uptake of POd3- throughout the estuary. The proportion ofuptake by bacteria, however, changed spatially. In the tidal river where anthropogenic inuuts are hiah, bacteria dominated PO,” uptake and accounted for up to 70% of the total. Within the salinity gradient of the estuary, the proportion of bacterial uptake was much lower, with bacteria accounting for only 15-25% of POd3- uptake. The competition between bacteria and phytoplankton for PO,‘- was affected by anthropogenic inputs into the tidal river.
Role of dopamine in behavioral sensitization to ethanol in DBA/2J mice

Abstract Behavioral sensitization has been proposed to play an important role in addiction. Elucidation of the neural processes mediating sensitization may therefore lead to the development of new pharmacotherapeutic treatments. A large number of studies have examined sensitization to psychostimulants and morphine. In contrast, despite the prevalence of alcoholism, the neural processes underlying sensitization to ethanol have not been identified. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of different components of the dopamine system in sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol in DBA/2J mice. Sensitization was induced by administering ethanol [2g/kg intraperitoneally (ip)] before locomotor activity trials. Control groups received saline (12.5ml/kg ip) before each activity trial. The ability of the dopamine uptake inhibitors GBR 12909 (3.33–10.0mg/kg) and bupropion (20 and 30mg/kg) to cross-sensitize to ethanol was then examined. In addition, the effects of SKF 82958 (0.1–1.0mg/kg), a dopamine D 1 (D 1 ) receptor agonist, quinpirole (0.05 and 0.1mg/kg), a dopamine D 2 /D 3 (D 2 /D 3 ) receptor agonist, and a combination of SKF 82958 and quinpirole were examined. Cross-sensitization was observed between the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 and ethanol. In contrast, the less selective uptake inhibitor bupropion did not exhibit cross-sensitization. Similarly, stimulation of D 1 and D 2 /D 3 receptors did not cause cross-sensitization even when the agonists were administered together. Taken together, these data suggest that sensitization to ethanol is associated with changes in the dopaminergic system.
Aircraft and satellite remote sensing of desert soils and landscapes

Remote sensing data on desert soils and landscapes, obtained by the Landsat TM, Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM), Simulated SPOT, and Thermal IR Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) aboard an aircraft, are discussed together with the analytical techniques used in the studies. The TM data for southwestern Nevada were used to discriminate among the alluvial fan deposits with different degrees of desert pavement and varnish, and different vegetation cover. Thermal-IR data acquired from the HCMM satellite were used to map the spatial distribution of diurnal surface temperatures and to estimate mean annual soil temperatures in central Utah. Simulated SPOT data for northwestern New Mexico identified geomorphic features, such as differences in eolian sand cover and fluvial incision, while the TIMS data depicted surface geologic features of the Saline Valley in California.
Enabling Information Integration and Workflows in a Grid Environment with Automatic Wrapper Generation

With a growing trend towards grid-based data repositories and data analysis services, scientific data analysis often involves accessing multiple data sources, and analyzing the data using a variety of analysis programs. One critical challenge in this, however, is that data sources often hold the same type of data in a number of different formats, and also, the formats expected and generated by various data analysis services are often distinct. We believe that the traditional approach for dealing with this problem, which is using hand-written wrappers, is not an effective and scalable solution for a grid environment. This paper presents a new approach, which involves generating wrappers automatically for enabling grid-based information integration and workflows. In this approach, a layout descriptor is used for describing the data format for each data source, as well as the input and output format for each tool or service. Efficient wrappers are then generated automatically for translation between any two data formats. Our design separates wrapper generation service from the wrapper execution. The wrapper generation service analyzes the layout descriptors and generates a WRAPINFO data structure. The wrapper comprises a set of application independent modules which take the WRAPINFO data structure as the input. We demonstrate our wrapper generation tool with two real case studies. Besides showing the effectiveness of our system, the experiments results from these two case studies show that the wrapper generation overhead is very small, automatically generated wrappers scale well to large datasets, and for the one case where this comparison was possible, the execution time of our wrapper was within 30% of that of a hand-written one.
Pharmacokinetics of Tulathromycin in Healthy and Neutropenic Mice Challenged Intranasally with Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli

Tulathromycin represents the first member of a novel subclass of macrolides, known as triamilides, approved to treat bovine and swine respiratory disease. The objectives of the present study were to assess the concentration-versus-time profile of tulathromycin in the plasma and lung tissue of healthy and neutropenic mice challenged intranasally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4. BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into four groups of 40 mice each: groups T-28 (tulathromycin at 28 mg/kg of body weight), T-7, T7-LPS, and T7-LPS-CP (cyclophosphamide). Mice in group T-28 were treated with tulathromycin at 28 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) (time 0 h). The rest of the mice were treated with tulathromycin at 7 mg/kg s.c. (time 0 h). Animals in dose groups T-7-LPS and T7-LPS-CP received a single dose of E. coli LPS intranasally at -7 h. Mice in group T7-LPS-CP were also rendered neutropenic with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg intraperitoneally) prior to the administration of tulathromycin. Blood and lung tissue samples were obtained from 5 mice from each dose group at each sampling time over 144 h after the administration of tulathromycin. There were not statistical differences in lung tissue concentrations among groups T-7, T-7-LPS, and T7-LPS-CP. For all dose groups, the distribution of tulathromycin in the lungs was rapid and persisted at relatively high levels during 6 days postadministration. The concentration-versus-time profile of tulathromycin in lung tissue was not influenced by the intranasal administration of E. coli LPS. The results suggest that in mice, neutrophils may not have a positive influence on tulathromycin accumulation in lung tissue when the drug is administered during either a neutrophilic or a neutropenic state.
MIMO characterization of indoor wireless optical link using a diffuse-transmission configuration

Performance of a diffuse optical link may potentially be degraded by temporal dispersions resulting from surface reflections. In order to devise techniques to alleviate the adverse effect of dispersion, an accurate channel model is needed. Obtaining the impulse response (IR) for a given receiver location requires consideration not only of the direct path, but also of reflections up to nth order. The IR is only valid for a specific location and specific receiver parameters. If a receiver moves, the IR has to be recalculated. We propose a new approach for characterizing diffuse links that results in a tremendous saving in calculation and also gives more insight into the channel characteristics. The new approach is based on consolidating the dependence of receiver parameters, transmitter parameters, and the indoor environment into independent components. Thus, changing one of the parameters of the link requires recalculation of one of these components. The new model is utilized to obtain an accurate profile of delay spread and received power throughout a room.
Regulation of the Intercellular Adhesin Locus Regulator (icaR) by SarA, σB, and IcaR in Staphylococcus aureus

The staphylococcal accessory regulator SarA and the alternative sigma factor σB have been previously identified as positive regulators, and IcaR as a negative regulator, of icaADBC expression. Here, we show that in Staphylococcus aureus SarA and σB are also required for icaR expression and that IcaR does not have a significant effect on its own expression.
Adaptive Solution Space Projection for Fast and Robust Wideband Finite-Element Simulation of Microwave Components

A fast and robust wideband finite element method (FEM) is presented for simulation of various microwave components. Port boundary conditions are derived by means of the eigenfunction expansion and then incorporated into the functional, which is discretized and solved by the high-order FEM. To achieve an efficient and reliable wideband simulation, a multipoint model order reduction technique, called the solution space projection method, is applied. The method requires neither the construction of a port-boundary-condition matrix polynomial, nor the calculation of frequency derivatives of solution vectors in its basic version. Thus, the method not only saves memory, but also can deal with various kinds of boundary conditions that may have arbitrary frequency dependence or are described by a set of discrete vectors over the frequency band.
A fiber optic system for measuring dynamic mechanical properties of embryonic tissues

Dynamic mechanical properties of embryonic tissues, including viscoelasticity and active motility, play a major role in morphogenesis. Mechanical abnormalities resulting from altered cytoskeletal chemistry presumably contribute to spina bifida and other birth defects, but research in this area has been limited by inadequate mechanical measurement techniques. The author discusses aspects of embryo tissues that make them difficult to measure and describes a versatile new system developed and used to study the biomechanics of morphogenesis in amphibian embryos. It incorporates a flexible optical-fiber probe driven by piezoceramic elements to impose and measure feedback-controlled, two-dimensional, time-varying patterns of stress or strain in the tissue. Compression, tension, and shear geometries are possible. Capacitive displacement sensors provide the precision and low drift rates required for these measurements. Software control permits the system to perform both standard and customized rheological tests, including interactive ones in which test parameters change in response to measured tissue behavior. Sample size range is 50 /spl mu/m to 5 mm. Displacement range is 60 /spl mu/m with a resolution of 0.1 /spl mu/m. Force range is 10 /spl mu/N with a resolution of 0.02 /spl mu/N. Frequency range is DC to 20 Hz. >
Talking to Teens About Family Problems An Opportunity for Prevention

Most pediatricians do not screen for family problems as part of routine adolescent health care. This study documents fears, worries, and concerns about family issues expressed by 147 teenagers on a confidential questionnaire during consecutive initial visits to an adolescent medicine clinic in a university hospital setting. Among the salient findings, 44% had thought about running away from home, 42% reported having been subjected to some form of abuse, and 33% had felt like hurting themselves or someone else. Twenty-eight percent reported conflict in their home, 27% were having problems with their family, and 20% were concerned about their parent's relationship. In addition, 27% worried about the physical or mental health of family members and 22% believed that a family member had a problem with alcohol or other drugs. Twelve percent did not have a confidant with whom to discuss their innermost concerns. The data demonstrate a high frequency of stressful and anxiety-provoking family situations as reported by adolescents on a confidential questionnaire. Pediatricians who wish to provide comprehensive services to their young adult patients must be prepared to discuss such issues on a routine basis.
Are Exit Interviews and Surveys Really Worth the Time and Effort? Calculating Return on Investment

The value of conducting exit interviews and surveys (EIS) with public sector employees has been well documented and seems intuitively evident. Yet is the value of the information received through this technique worth the considerable investment in time and effort necessary to collect it? As a measure of accountability, this article introduces a method for determining the value of conducting EIS through the concept of return on investment (ROI). The advantages of employing an ROI analysis for EIS are fully explored, and a 7-step model for evaluating EIS through ROI is detailed.
Electrokinetic Properties of Fuzzy Colloidal Particles.

The presence of a thin polymer layer on the surface of a colloidal particle can have a profound effect on its electrophoretic mobility. The model developed here treats the hydrodynamics of the polymer layer as a distribution of Stokes resistance centers within a thin diffuse layer; fixed charge may reside on the surface of the particle core or throughout the layer. The theory is semianalytical in that asymptotic methods are used to simplify the equations but several integrals must be evaluated numerically. Special attention is paid to the effects of polarization and relaxation. It is shown that distributing immobile charge throughout the layer produces a response where the particle's mobility exceeds that found when the same amount of charge is spread uniformly over the surface of the rigid core. Increasing the drag due to the fuzzy layer always diminishes the mobility. In either case, the hydrodynamic permeability of the layer has a strong influence on particle movement. Results are also given for the dipole coefficient in the expression for the conductivity of a dilute suspension.
PdP and PKiKP Waves and Diffracted PcP Waves

Summary Travel times, listed in the I.S.S., of longitudinal waves at distances of 100" < A < 115" from 16 earthquakes with depths near 1OOkm give rather precise information on properties of the Earth (a) in the upper third of the mantle, (b) at the inner core boundary, and (c) at the bottom of the mantle. The sources are relocated using the 1968 tables of Herrin et al. Precursors to PP, called PdP, are widely reported up to about 85s before PP; few are reported at earlier times. These independent observations provide further evidence that, above a depth of at least 400 km, the upper mantle contains structural discontinuities (perhaps due to phase changes) on a global scale. PKiKP waves (reflections from the inner core) are traceable in this data sample back to 106". The result is consistent with a sharp inner core boundary at 1220km radius. Observed PKP travel times near 1 13" are closely consistent with PKlKP times derived by Bolt for use with the 1968 P tables of Herrin et al.; the observed times for A < 113" are about 0.5 s later than predicted. Travel: times (for 100 km focal depth and 102" < A < 110") of the PcP wave which is diffracted into the shadow of the core fit the curve
Determination of the physical parameters controlling the photorefractive effect in KTa1-xNbx O3:Cu,V

We report photorefractive, absorption, and photoconductivity measurements made on a KTa1-xNbxO3:CuY sample after a series of reduction and oxidation treatments. All relevant physical parameters that enter into the Kukhtarev model of the photorefractive effect are determined. Photorefractive measurements are compared with those expected from theory. The oxidation-reduction process is modeled, which permits us to determine the heat treatment that is necessary to produce a given index change and response time. We discuss approaches to optimization of the photorefractive sensitivity.
Spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition in two small, semiarid watersheds

[1] This work investigates spatial patterns of hillslope erosion and sediment yields in a semiarid ecosystem considering influences of vegetation, slope, rocks, and landscape morphology. The 137Cs inventories were measured on one shrub and one grassed watershed in southeastern Arizona. Calculated mean erosion rates in eroding areas were 5.6 and 3.2 t ha−1 yr−1, and net erosion rates for the entire watershed, including depositional areas, were 4.3 and nearly 0 t ha−1 yr−1 for the shrub and grass watersheds, respectively, over the past four decades. Differences in hillslope erosion rates between the two watersheds were apparently due to vegetation: while on the shrub site, runoff pathways were unobstructed, on the grass site, runoff was obstructed by vegetation patches and litter. Hillslope erosion rates within the watersheds were not correlated to slope gradient or curvature but were correlated to rocks in the upper soil profile. These results are interpretable in terms of slope-velocity equilibrium wherein overland flow velocities became independent of slope gradient because of differential rock cover, which evolved as a result of preferential erosion of fine material on the steeper slopes prior to 137Cs deposition. Watershed morphology and channel incision controlled sediment yield. Most of the eroded soil was deposited in swales of the grassed watershed. Most of the soil eroded in the shrub watershed was exported from the watershed outlet by way of a well-incised channel system. The study shows that measurement of sediment yield from a watershed can be a poor indicator of erosion taking place within the watershed.
Optimal Noise Matching for Mutually Coupled Arrays

From classical two-port noise theory, the noise figure of an amplifier is minimized when a source is matched to a particular optimal reflection coefficient at the amplifier input. In this paper, we show that this result extends in a natural way to the multiport case, with a coupled N-port source network such as an array antenna connected by a multiport matching network to the inputs of N low-noise amplifiers. For optimal noise performance, the matching network must decouple the array and present isolated, individually noise-matched ports to the amplifier inputs.
Decay of 9·2-h 135Xe

Abstract The decay of 9·2-h 135Xe has been studied using Ge(Li) detectors and coincidence techniques. Sources of 135Xe were prepared by extracting Xe from purified sources of 6·7-h 135I separated from fission products. Two new γ-rays have been observed at 158·2 and 407·5 keV and a new level in 135Cs proposed at 407·5 keV. Spin assignments are discussed and the levels of 135Cs compared with the levels of 133Cs.
An inventory control policy for maintenance networks

Many industries rely on maintenance networks to maintain their key assets, and a key characteristic of such maintenance services is the wide use of rotable parts. In view of today's time-based competition, efficiently managing the rotable inventory becomes imperative for a maintenance network to achieve short turn-around-times and low costs. This, however, is difficult in view of complicated and uncertain maintenance processes, and hybrid inventory replenishments from both new and refurbished parts. As the information on demands and replenishments is highly dependent on maintenance processes, and can be obtained, utilizing this information opens a new way to improve the inventory operational efficiency. This paper presents a new approach for rotable inventory control with the demand and replenishment information. Key characteristics of maintenance processes and hybrid replenishments are abstracted to form a novel model within the context of stochastic optimal control, where the demand and replenishment information is incorporated in the system state. Comparing to traditional approaches with a large-size augmented state, an aggregated state variable is defined based on inventory dynamics to reduce the number of required state components. A solution methodology based on stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is developed, with stage-wise costs obtained in terms of aggregated state variables. Steady state solutions are computed offline, and are stored as inventory policies to be implemented by table lookup. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on reducing inventory costs with the demand and replenishment information.
Designed curriculum and local culture: Acknowledging the primacy of classroom culture

One of the primary challenges facing designers today is how to design curric- ular innovations that are appealing and useful to teachers and at the same time bring about transformative practices. While we as a learning sciences community are relatively adept at facilitating innovative case examples, we need more empirical work that examines how curricular innovations become implemented across multiple classrooms. In this paper we examine a series of four teachers implementing our technology-rich, project-based curricu- lum. We then analyze and discuss each of the four cases across two themes by (a) examining how the project-level question was contextualized to meet local needs and (b) examining the cultural context that surrounded the implementation of the curriculum. Our interpretations suggest that contextualizing the curriculum is ultimately a local phenomenon that arises as a result of a number of factors, including students' needs, students' goals, teachers' goals, local constraints, and teacher's pedagogical values. These cases illuminate the importance of school and classroom cultures in the learning process. Ultimately, curriculum design- ers need to acknowledge that their designs are not self-sufficient entities; instead, during implementation, they become assimilated as part of the cultural systems in which they are
Operational, Representational, and Explanatory Models

This paper offers an interpretation of the concept of social structure in the context of a theory of models, construed as mental structures, conscious or unconscious. Operational and representational models are attributed to members of the society studied, explanatory models to the anthropologists studying them. The social structure is found to have an objective reality but at the same time to be dependent on the existence of the models. And in this it seems to exhibit a general property of objects of the social sciences.
MEAN STREAMFLOW FROM DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS

Abstract Mean flow of a stream is usually computed from a continuous record of flow ai a gaging station. A less costly method consists of (1) estimating 12 individual monthly flows from one discharge measurement per month and a concurrent gaging station record on a nearby stream, using a different relation for each month, (2) computing the annual mean from the estimated monthly means, and (3) using a relation based on gaging station records to estimate the long-term mean from the one annual mean. An annual mean can be estimated within about 10 percent of its measured value even though both the gaged and ungaged streams are affected by diversions and have different runoff characteristics. The method has greatest utility in regions where mean runoff is not closely related to drainage area.
The Role of Feedback in Respiratory Amplitude and Frequency Modulation

To establish its contribution to modulating the pattern of respiration,the role of sensory feedback to the central respiratory pattern generator (CRPG) is investigated analytically and computationally. The limit cycle behavior of the isolated CRPG allows a generic model of the closed system to be reduced to one that depends on the amplitude of respiration and the phase difference between the CRPG and the lungs. We find that the hyperbolic relationship between respiratory volume and period seen in vivo critically depends upon the nonlinear threshold to mechanical feedback. Computational experiments using a network of neurons model and a pacemaker model confirm the independence of the result from the source of the limit cycle.
Law Professor as Artist: Themes and Variations in Keith Aoki’s Intellectual Property Scholarship

This memorial tribute to the late Keith Aoki traces the impact of his intellectual property scholarship, particularly in the area of genetic resources.
A Multi-Scale Model for the Assembling Kinetics of Protein Complexes

The assembly of proteins into high-order complexes is a general mechanism for these biomolecules to implement their versatile functions in cells. Natural evolution has developed various assembling pathways for specific protein complexes to maintain their stability and proper activities. Previous studies show numerous examples that misassembly of protein complexes can lead to severe biological consequences. Although our research focus has started to be moved beyond the static representation to the dynamic aspect of protein quaternary structures, current understanding of the assembly mechanism of protein complexes is still largely limited. To tackle this problem, we developed a new multi-scale modeling framework. The framework combines a lower-resolution rigid-body-based simulation with a higher-resolution Cα-based simulation method, so that protein complex can be assembled with both structural details and computational efficiency. We applied the model to a homo-trimer and a hetero-tetramer as simple testing systems. Consistent with experimental observations, our simulations indicated very different kinetics between protein oligomerization and dimerization. The formation of protein oligomers is a multi-step process that is much slower than dimerization, but thermodynamically more stable. Moreover, we showed that even the same protein quaternary structure can have very diverse assembly pathways under different binding constants between subunit, which is a significant feature to regulate functions of protein complexes. Finally, we revealed that the binding between subunits in a complex can be synergistically strengthened during assembly without taking accounts of allosteric regulation or conformational changes. Therefore, our model provides a useful tool to understand the general principles of protein complex assembly.
Airfoil Tones at Moderate Reynolds Number: A Computational Study

It is known experimentally that an airfoil immersed in an uniform stream at a moderate Reynolds number emits tones. However, there are major differences in the experimental observations in the past. Some experiments reported the observation of multiple tones with strong evidence that these tones are most probably generated by a feedback loop. There is also an experiment reporting the observation of a single tone with no tonal jump or other features associated with feedback. In spite of the obvious differences in the experimental observations published in the literature, it is noted that all the dominant tones frequencies measured in all the investigations are in agreement with an empirically derived Paterson formula. The objective of the present study is to perform direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the flow and acoustic phenomenon to investigate the tone generation mechanism. When comparing with experimental studies, numerical simulations appear to have two important advantages. First is that there is no background wind tunnel noise in numerical simulation. This avoids the signal to noise ratio problem inherent in wind tunnel experiment. In other words, it is possible to study tones emitted by a truly isolated airfoil computationally. The second advantage is that DNS produces a full set of space-time data which can be very useful in determining the tone generation processes. The present effort concentrates on the tones emitted by three NACA0012 airfoils with a slightly rounded trailing edge but with different trailing edge thickness at zero degree angle of attack. At zero degree angle of attack, in the Reynolds number range of 2x10 5
Chemical and engineering approaches to enable organic field-effect transistors for electronic skin applications.

Skin is the body’s largest organ and is responsible for the transduction of a vast amount of information. This conformable material simultaneously collects signals from external stimuli that translate into information such as pressure, pain, and temperature. The development of an electronic material, inspired by the complexity of this organ is a tremendous, unrealized engineering challenge. However, the advent of carbon-based electronics may offer a potential solution to this long-standing problem.In this Account, we describe the use of an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) architecture to transduce mechanical and chemical stimuli into electrical signals. In developing this mimic of human skin, we thought of the sensory elements of the OFET as analogous to the various layers and constituents of skin. In this fashion, each layer of the OFET can be optimized to carry out a specific recognition function. The separation of multimodal sensing among the components of the OFET may be considered a “divide and...