cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estriol in pregnancy. II. Daily urinary estriol assays in the management of the pregnant diabetic woman.

Abstract Some 1,300 daily 24 hour urinary estriol (E3) and creatinine (C) determinations were carried out in 60 hospitalized pregnant diabetic women. Pregnancy was allowed to continue until spontaneous labor ensued unless there were signs of fetal jeopardy, based upon a significant drop in E3 excretion, or maternal indications. There were no intrauterine fetal deaths, and only one neonatal death occurred during this nonintervention policy. Patient-to-patient differences in E3 excretion were greater among diabetic gravidas than in normal women. In diabetic patients there was only a fair correlation between E3 excretion and birth weight (r = 0.41). Day-to-day variations of E3 excretion were appreciable, averaging 15.7 per cent. A decrease in E3 excretion was judged “significant” when this drop exceeded 35 per cent of the mean E3 excretion of the 3 preceding days and when this drop also was paralleled by a concomitant fall in the E3/C ratio. By these criteria, E3 excretion fell “significantly” in 14 of the 60 pregnancies studied. Had E3 been determined only twice weekly, 9 of these 14 falls would have been missed or detected with delay. In pregnant diabetic subjects, urinary E3 assays should be carried out daily if the obstetric management is based upon E3 determinations.
Profiling of Quality Characteristics for Peanut Germplasm from Henan Province and its Breeding Strategy

The quality traits,including protein content,oil content,oleic acid,and linoleic acid content,were detected on seeds of 233 local peanut germplasms from Henan Province,China.They were compared with the traits of the germplasms from other provinces of China and countries.The landraces from Henan Province possessed medium protein contents together with relatively high oil content and oleic acid content on average.However,outstanding germplasms with the protein content over 30%,oil content over 56%,and oleic acid content over 70% were not detected.The currently commercial varieties in Henan Province had low protein content in general.However,the varieties with high oil content were developed.A breeding strategy was proposed,which included full use of germplasms available together with application of techniques such as wide hybridization,inducing mutants,marker-assisted selection,and genetic engineering.
Epidemiological Survey of An Outbreak of HFMD in A kindergarten of Baoshan District

[Objective]To investigate an outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in a kindergarten,the cause of outbreak and the effective preventive measures of HFMD were analyzed and evaluated. [Methods]All cases were performed epidemiological investigation based on the"questionnaire of case for HFMD made by the Ministry of Health,the data were analyzed by descriptive study. [Results]The patients mainly concentrated in one class,girls slightly higher than boys,the peak of incidence was on May 12,2010.2 cases detected EV71 virus. [Conclusion]The HFMD can easily cause outbreak in kindergarten,timely and effective control measures can prevent the HFMD outbreak.
Accelerating soft-error-rate (SER) estimation in the presence of single event transients

Radiation-induced soft errors have posed an ever increasing reliability challenge as device dimensions keep shrinking in advanced CMOS technology. Therefore, it is imperative to devise fast and accurate soft error rate (SER) estimation methods. Previous works mainly focus on improving the accuracy of the SER results, whereas the speed improvement is limited to partitioning and parallel processing. This paper presents an efficient SER estimation framework for combinational logic circuits in the presence of single-event transients (SETs). A novel top-down memoization algorithm is proposed to accelerate the propagation of SETs. Experimental results of a variety of benchmark circuits demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves up to 560.2X times speedup with less than 3% difference in terms of SER results compared with the baseline algorithm.
A randomized clinical trial of 10% pentastarch (low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch) versus 5% albumin for plasma volume expansion after cardiac operations

Pentastarch is a hydroxyethyl starch similar to hetastarch, but with a lower average molecular weight (264,000 versus 450,000) and fewer hydroxyethyl groups (molar substitution ratio = 0.45 versus 0.70). These characteristics result in enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis, faster renal elimination (initial intravascular half-life = 2.5 versus 25.5 hours), and less effect on coagulation. We report on a randomized clinical trial comparing the clinical efficacy and safety of 10% pentastarch (group P) for plasma volume expansion after cardiac operations with that of 5% serum albumin (group A). During the first 24 hours after arrival of the patient in the intensive care unit, colloid was infused to maintain a cardiac index of 2.0 L/m2 or more and a mean arterial pressure within 10% of the preinduction value. Group P (n = 50) received 1706 +/- 393 ml of colloid (mean +/- standard deviation) during this period, and group A (n = 44), 1794 +/- 341 ml (p = no significant difference). Hemodynamic responses to infusion were similar for both groups, although in group P a greater increase in both cardiac index (0.5 +/- 0.5 versus 0.3 +/- 0.5 L/min/m2 in group A, p less than 0.01) and left ventricular stroke work index (10.8 +/- 8.0 versus 5.8 +/- 6.0 gm-m/m2, p less than 0.01) was observed during infusion of the first 500 ml. There were no significant differences in any of the measured respiratory parameters (alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, estimated shunt fraction, and effective pulmonary compliance). Hemodilution with colloid significantly reduced serum protein levels in group P by 24 hours postoperatively (4.0 +/- 0.6 versus 5.0 +/- 0.7 gm/dl in group A, p less than 0.05), although mean serum colloid osmotic pressure was similar (15.4 +/- 2.6 [P] versus 15.5 +/- 2.7 mmHg [A], p = no significant difference). There were no significant between-group differences in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, bleeding time, or coagulation factors (fibrinogen, V, VII, VIII, or IX) on postoperative days 1 and 7. Perioperative fluid balance, weight change, chest tube output, red blood, platelet, or fresh frozen plasma usage, reexploration for bleeding, and clinical outcome were also similar. These findings indicate that pentastarch is as safe and effective s 5% albumin for plasma volume expansion after cardiac operations with no apparent adverse effects on coagulation. If commercially available at a lower cost than albumin, it would appear to be a reasonable first choice for colloid therapy in this setting.
Coated charcoal assay of serum calcium fractions.

Abstract A rapid, simple, reproducible, empirical method for the determination of free and bound calcium in blood serum by means of adsorption of free ions by albumin-coated charcoal is described.
Wissenschaftliches Schreiben forschungsorientiert unterrichten

Ich mochte in diesem Beitrag darauf eingehen, was es heist, wissenschaftliches Schreiben forschungsorientiert zu unterrichten und es dabei von anderen Lehrkonzepten zum wissenschaftlichen Schreiben abgrenzen. Gerade anwendungsorientierte Facher, wie sie sowohl an Universitaten als auch an Fachhochschulen vertreten sind, verwenden uber das forschungsorientierte Schreiben hinaus eine breite Palette von beruflichen, reflexiven oder prufungsbezogenen Textgenres, die von Studierenden wie auch Lehrenden unterschieden werden sollten.
SU-G-TeP2-07: Dosimetric Characterization of a New HDR Multi-Channel Esophageal Applicator for Brachytherapy

Purpose: To characterize the dose distribution of a new multi-channel esophageal applicator for brachytherapy HDR treatment, and particularly the effect of the presence of air or water in the applicator's expansion balloon. Methods: A new multi-channel (6) inflatable applicator for esophageal HDR has been developed in house and tested in a simple water phantom. CT image sets were obtained under several balloon expansions (80ml of air, 50 cc of water), and channel loadings and used with the Oncentra (Elekta) planning system based on TG43 formalism. 400 cGy was prescribed to a plane 1cm away from the applicator. Planar dose distributions were measured for that plane and one next to the applicator using Gafchromic EBT3 film and scanned by a Vidar VXR-12 film digitizer. Film and TPS generated dose distributions of film were sent to OmniPro I'mRT (iba DOSIMETRY) for analysis. 2D dose profiles in both X and Y directions were compared and gamma analysis performed. Results: Film dose measurement of the air-inflated applicator is lower than the TPS calculated dose by as much as 60%. Only 80.8% of the pixels passed the gamma criteria (3%/3mm). For the water-inflated applicator, the measured film dose is fairly close to the TPS calculated dose (typically within <3%). 99.84% of the pixels passed the gamma criteria (3%/3mm). Conclusion: TG43 based calculations worked well when water was used in the expansion balloon. However, when air is present in that balloon, the neglect of heterogeneity corrections in the TG43 calculation results in large differences between calculated and measured doses. This could result in severe underdosing when used in a patient. This study illustrates the need for a TPS with an advanced algorithm which can account for heterogeneity. Supported by Innovations Department, Cleveland Clinic.
Narrative, Inference, and Law in Cultural Context

This essay begins with a heartfelt Preface in honor of Jerome Bruner and a brief description of our work and friendship. I then proceed to discuss the relationship between narrative, inference, and law, a theme that Jerry and I discussed on many occasions. The legitimacy of a legal system depends on in large part on its power to find or construct a set of facts relevant to the rule at hand that resonates with the society that it serves. After discussing the nature of narrative I explore the way in which cultural factors influence inference and thus the world of law. I discuss two legal controversies in the U.S. that deal with facts in the legal sense. One concerns the definition of “father” in relation to child custody. The second describes how a criminal prosecution is affected by narratives about the behavior of young African-American men, and then later by a narrative about police behavior. These cases show that narrative can construct or distort reality; its power derived from its cultural sensitivity.
Multimode analysis of a one-port dual ridged waveguide probe

Multimode analysis of a one-port, i.e., single, dual ridged waveguide probe is presented. This work significantly extends previous dual ridged waveguide probe research in which only the dominant mode was considered. The theoretical analysis of the dual ridged waveguide probe with higher-order modes is presented and discussed. Experimental results of a magnetic shielding material are presented to investigate the effect of higher-order modes on dual ridged waveguide probe characterization results.
Policy Evaluation Methods for Developing Country Energy Issues

This chapter attempts to utilize various methods of analyses, including part/whole percentaging (P/W%) in evaluating energy policy choice and allocation under conditions of multidimensionality, missing information (or uncertainty), multiple and conflicting constraints. Also illustrated are predictive or explanatory methods available to a policy maker. Though the framework of analysis is based on personal experience with an energy agency, all the data used in the analyses is purely hypothetical.
Gauthier and the Prisoner’s Dilemma

The Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) plays a central, but shifting, role in David Gauthier’s moral theorizing. In “Morality and Advantage,” it provides a model, demonstrating how morality can have seemingly contradictory properties. In Morals by Agreement, it poses a special problem for the view that moral behaviour is individually rational. Authorities on game theory have subsequently disputed the idea that the PD is an appropriate tool for thinking about moral theory. In the first part of this paper, I examine the roles of the PD in Gauthier’s writings. In the second part, I outline a project, with both descriptive and normative components, that develops the insights of “Morality and Advantage” while preserving it from the game theorists’ attack.
Managing personal information over the long-term, or not?: experiences by type 1 diabetes patients

The management of chronic conditions is often accompanied with the long-term management of health information. By examining how patients manage their health information over time, we can develop guidelines and design technologies to support this patient work, and also contribute the patients' perspective to the existing literature on personal information management. This study explored the long-term personal information management (LTPIM) behaviors of people living with chronic conditions. We conducted semi-structured interviews and photo-documentation with 23 experienced, type 1 diabetes patients. This mixed methods approach helped us identify five LTPIM styles, including designer, achiever, leader, curator and monitor. Those LTPIM styles differ in the information tools people used, the intensity of long-term information management behaviors, and their motivators. The nuances in those LTPIM styles are unique to the context of chronic conditions, but the categorization of those LTPIM styles can potentially be transferable to LTPIM in non-health contexts. Our results support previous literature on the major differences between LTPIM and personal information management in general. Further, we point to issues in current technologies used by patients for LTPIM, indicating a space for improvement.
Yb-doped alkaline earth alumino-and fluoro-alumino-silicate optical fiber

We report on new Yb-doped alkaline earth aluminosilicate and fluoro-aluminosilicate optical fibers. Optical fiber cores based on this glass family offer reduced strength of nonlinear interactions and exhibit favorable Yb3+ spectroscopic properties.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Clinical Trends of a Mindfulness-Informed Child Welfare Intervention: Implications for Trauma-Focused Practice

Exposure to stress and early life trauma have been linked to child maltreatment and parental substance misuse. These issues often co-occur, yet few child welfare services target their shared underlying causes in a single intervention. Teaching mindfulness-informed strategies to substance-misusing families in the child welfare system may be one promising trauma-informed approach. As part of a larger pilot study testing the initial efficacy of a mindfulness-informed intervention for parents in public child welfare, this study explored the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical trends of the intervention using weekly reports of stress, coping, and mindfulness. Findings show support for the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention as well as positive responses to the intervention on measures of stress and mindfulness. However, the impact of the intervention varied with regard to improving weekly coping among participants. Implications for the integration of mindfulness into child welfare practice as a trauma-informed approach are discussed.
Thymidine phosphorylase: A potential new target for treating cardiovascular disease

We recently found that thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), also known as platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, plays an important role in platelet activation in vitro and thrombosis in vivo by participating in multiple signaling pathways. Platelets are a major source of TYMP. Since platelet-mediated clot formation is a key event in several fatal diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and pulmonary embolism, understanding TYMP in depth may lead to uncovering novel mechanisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Targeting TYMP may become a novel therapeutic for cardiovascular disorders. In this review article, we summarize the discovery of TYMP and the potential molecular mechanisms of TYMP involved in the development of various diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. We also offer insights regarding future studies exploring the role of TYMP in the development of cardiovascular disease as well as in therapy.
A Memorial Ceremony for Anatomical Donors: an Investigation of Donor Family and Student Responses

Every year, many medical schools across the USA and abroad hold memorial ceremonies to honor anatomical donors. While the impact of memorial ceremonies to honor anatomical donors on students has been explored, the impact on donor family members (DFM) is less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Convocation of Thanks (CoT) on both donor family members and students at the University of Vermont (UVM). From 2011 forward, donor family members were invited to attend and participate in the annual CoT at UVM. Each year, a survey was sent out to attendees after the ceremony to collect feedback about the ceremony. In 2015, surveys were sent to the first-year medical students. Inquiries and registration for the Anatomical Gift Program were tracked before and after each ceremony. Between 2011 and 2015, responses from 38 family members in attendance, and responses from 34 students were evaluated. Analysis of family comments revealed the CoT helped them to gain an understanding of the importance of anatomical donation of their loved one (42%), and find closure for their loss (29%). The main theme that emerged from students was appreciation of the personhood of the donors (44%). Data suggest that the CoT had a positive impact in both families and students. For family members, it provided closure of the loss of a loved one for family members, while also highlighting the importance of anatomical donation, which family members may not have previously recognized.
Note on a Continued Fraction of Ramanujan

Ramanujan, who loved continued fractions, recorded many of his formulas in his two notebooks. The 25th entry in Chapter 12 of Notebook II is a continued fraction involving a quotient of gamma function products. We are going to give a new proof of Entry 25, which, incidently, is the least difficult of all Ramanujan's continued fraction formulas involving quotients of gamma function products. In our proof, we make use of a hypergeometric formula of his.
Efficient simulation and analysis of mid-sized networks

Abstract There is growing interest in developing the abilities to simulate realistic social networks and analyze data generated from existing online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. Amongst other things, researchers and practitioners need these abilities to study how opinions and information diffuse over networks and identify the influential agents in networks. However, the sizes of the social networks that need to be simulated and the amount of user generated data that needs to be analyzed is growing at a faster rate than the computational power of most of the modern day computers. This paper presents a memory efficient network representation and computational resource allocation algorithm that yields a scale-up of about 400; thus, given a constraint on the availability of computational resources, researchers can now use the proposed algorithm to simulate and analyze networks that are more than 100 times larger than what they could simulate otherwise. The proposed network representation is conducive to multi-core processing and random node sampling. Algorithms for computationally efficient execution of three random-node-sampling-based methods to estimate network metrics such as the network diameter and average path length are also presented in the paper. These algorithms yield a speed-up of about 40 even when the researcher requires a precision of more than 98%. The scale-up and speed-up numbers are based on a detailed performance analysis of the proposed algorithms that was conducted on synthetic networks of sizes ranging from 1000 to 1,000,000 nodes. The observed scale-up and speed-up performance of the proposed algorithms has been validated against the algorithms used in igraph and statnet-two popular network data analysis software package, and these results are also presented in this paper.
Danger Signals in the ICU.

Objectives:Sterile and infectious critical illnesses often result in vasoplegic shock and a robust systemic inflammatory response that are similar in presentation. The innate immune system is at the center of the response to both infectious and traumatic insults. Damage-associated molecular patterns
Musculoskeletal Manifestations of SLE

Musculoskeletal involvement constitutes the most frequent problem seen in patients with SLE. The majority of patients will describe joint pain and achiness either at the onset of the disease or later during its course. Yet the frequency of arthralgia or arthritis in lupus populations is quiet variable; for example, in one series described by Fries, it was observed in 53 % of 193 patients, and in the Dubois series, it was described at some time during the course of the illness in 92 % of 520 patients. Although the traditional teaching considers lupus arthritis to be nondeforming and nonerosive, there are many exceptions to this rule.
Effects of 5-HT and GABA agents on aggressive responding of adult men with a history of childhood conduct disorder

Numerous studies in nonhumans and human subjects have supported a role for serotonin (5-HT) in aggression. Reduced levels of 5-HT in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been associated with increased likelihood of aggression in free-ranging monkeys1–4 and human adult males5–6 as well as children7. Decreased 5-HT activity determined by neuroendocrine challenge procedures has recorded blunted responses, i.e., diminished activity, in human subjects with a history of aggression8–10.
Intention Mining in Medical Process: A Case Study in Trauma Resuscitation

In medical processes such as surgical procedures and trauma resuscitations, medical teams perform treatment activities according to underlying invisible goals or intentions. In this study, we presented an approach to uncover these intentions from observed treatment activities. Developed on top of a hierarchical hidden Markov model (H-HMM), our approach can identify multi-level intentions. To accurately infer the H-HMM, we used state splitting method with maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) as the scoring function. We evaluated our approach in both qualitative and quantitative ways, using a case study of the trauma resuscitation process. This dataset includes 123 trauma resuscitation cases collected at a level 1 trauma center. Our results show our intention mining achieved an accuracy of 86.6% in classifying medical teams' intentions. This work shows the feasibility of unsupervised intention mining of complex real-world medical processes.
Identification of stretch-responsive genes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells by a two arbitrary primer-based mRNA differential display approach

Physical forces induce profound changes in cell phenotype, shape and behavior. These changes can occur in vascular structures as a result of pressure overload and their effects can be seen in atherosclerotic vessels in which smooth muscle cells have undergone hyperplastic and hypertrophic changes. At the molecular level, mechanical stimuli are converted into chemical ones and lead to modulation of gene expression and/or the activation of a new repertoire of genes whose encoded proteins help the cells to adapt to their microenvironment. In this study, we have used a two primer-based mRNA differential display technique to identify candidate mechano-responsive genes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. As compared to the original method described by Liang and Pardee, this technique uses two arbitrary primers instead of an anchored oligo(dt) plus an arbitrary primer in the polymerase chain reaction. The chief advantages of these modifications are an increase in the efficiency of the amplification and in the identification of differentially expressed clones. Using this approach, we compared the pattern of expressed genes in cells cultured under static conditions with those in cells that were mechanically stretched (1 Hz) for 24 h in a well-defined in vitro mechanical system. Three candidate genes that showed reproducible differences were chosen for further characterization and cloning. One clone was under expressed in stretched cells and had a DNA sequence with 90% homology to the human fibronectin gene. Two other clones were highly expressed in stretched cells and had a 92% and a 83% sequence homology with human platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor and rat insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) genes respectively. Northern blot analysis confirmed low levels of fibronectin mRNA transcripts in stretched cells. In contrast, accumulation of PAF receptor mRNA occurred 30 min after mechanical stretch was initiated whereas IGF-I mRNA levels peaked at 8 h. Both mRNA levels were sustained for up to 24 h of mechanical stretching. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the two primer-based mRNA differential display that enabled us to identify and characterize alterations at the level of gene expression among matrix proteins, G-protein coupled receptors and growth factors, each of whose response to mechanical strain is different. A more complete understanding of these responses will provide further insight into the pathologic processes associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Response Process Validity Studies of the Scale Literacy Skills Test

Assessment and evaluation tools and instruments are developed to measure many things from content knowledge to misconceptions to student affect. The standard validation processes for these are regularly conducted and provide strong evidence for the validity of the measurements that are made. As part of the suite of validation tools available to researchers and practitioners, response process validity studies are an important component for the development and study of multiple-choice or forced-response items. An assessment was developed to measure the scale literacy skills of students in General Chemistry. The initial validation of this instrument was reported earlier, with the response process validity work now presented here to complement the previous study. In addition to the validity work with students in General Chemistry, an additional study was conducted with students in Anatomy and Physiology, as part of the validation studies as the assessment was moved into this new discipline. The process used, threats identified, and implications of these identified threats are reported.
Weber’s Science as a Vocation: A moment in the history of “is” and “ought”:

This essay situates Weber’s 1917 lecture Science as a Vocation in relevant historical contexts. The first context is thought about the changing nature of the scientific role and its place in instit...
Effect of Strawberry Intake for 4 Weeks on Vascular Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure in Adults with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia (P06-128-19)

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic strawberry intake on cardiovascular risk factors including fasting lipids concentrations, vascular endothelial function and blood pressure in middle-age overweight or obese individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia. We hypothesized that 4-week strawberry intake would improve the lipids profile and concomitantly improve measures of vascular function.
Psychoanalysis and a Behavior Therapy for 1983

Salzman–s view of behavior therapy is not behavior therapy as it exists today. All that can be attempted in a few pages is a brief synopsis of what contemporary behavior therapy is about, leaving readers to draw their own conclusions. For Salzman, psychodynamic theory, in some form or another, represents the present best guess at truth, and behavior therapy is an occasionally useful tool to be judiciously deployed in a purely adjunctive capacity as the psychodynamic therapist thinks fit. Behavior therapy as described by Salzman appears naive, simplistic, and inappropriate for complex problems. Although it can play a limited role in the hands of the skilled clinician who appreciates the psychodynamic subtleties of the human psyche, behavior therapy can never function as an independent and mature therapeutic modality for anything beyond the simplest of problems.
Crosslinking of nucleotide binding domains improves the coupling efficiency of an ABC transporter

ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters often exhibit significant basal ATPase activity in the absence of transported substrates. To investigate the factors that contribute to this inefficient coupling of ATP hydrolysis to transport, we characterized the structures and functions of variants of the bacterial Atm1 homolog from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (NaAtm1), including forms with disulfide crosslinks between the nucleotide binding domains. Unexpectedly, disulfide crosslinked variants of NaAtm1 reconstituted into proteoliposomes not only transported oxidized glutathione, but also exhibited more efficient coupling of ATP hydrolysis to GSSG transport than the native transporter. These observations suggest that enhanced conformational dynamics of reconstituted NaAtm1 may contribute to the inefficient use of ATP. Understanding the origins of this uncoupled ATPase activity, and reducing the impact through disulfide crosslinking or other protocols, will be critical for the detailed dissection of ABC transporter mechanism to assure that the ATP dependent steps are indeed relevant to substrate translocation.
Design for improved workflow

Abstract Workflow is a commonly used term in human factors and informatics literature. We embraced a broad definition and used it as a concept to examine various work phenomena. This chapter aims to discuss how design can improve workflow in health settings and eventually make care delivery patient-centered and safer. In general, design studies can improve workflow in two different ways: (1) the overall workflow and (2) interventions that would improve workflow. We highlighted two design approaches: user-centered design and participatory. These are two closely related approaches that engage (to varying degrees) targeted users along a continuum of participation to improve usability. For each of the three informatics subfields (clinical, public health, and consumer health), we provide relevant examples from studies, where users were engaged in the design process. We have identified whether the notion of workflow was formally addressed and gave examples of how workflow methodology might complement user-centered and participatory design efforts in clinical, public health, and consumer health informatics research. Although user-centered design includes a variety of methods, we introduced contextual inquiry and participatory design. These designs demonstrated two key distinctive features of user-centered design: the importance of understanding the holistic context of users’ social, technical, and cultural environments; and engaging users as codesigners. We deepen our discussion through a case that focuses on supporting patient engagement for improved intra- and cross-institutional workflow in an emergency department. Design studies that involve multidisciplinary perspectives are necessary to improve workflow that contributes to safer, higher quality, and more accessible care delivery.
Analyzing Tweets to Discover Twitter Users' Mental Health Status by a Word-Frequency Method

Mental Illness is reflected in the changes in isolation or combination of thinking, emotions, and expression of an individual. If an individual contemplates mental illness as any other medical problem, it is addressable within the medical science limits. However, the identification of mental illness in oneself is difficult, and normally, an individual does not accept to be a 'mental illness patient.' Social networks dominated in one's lifestyle, communication, expression, sharing the views, photos and voice, etc with the present technological advancement. Social Networks further connected people from far off places. Identification of Mental Health Status of an individual became important as his/her behavior is directly impact the social environment. There is a great advantage, if one can identify the Mental Health Status of an individual and find ways to measure it. We have attempted to identify the behavior of individuals through the tweets posted, and a relation between these illness and tweet words is established with our Word-Frequency method. Our analysis correlated well with the SVD method results.
Casting My Brilliant Friend’s Authentic Stardom

Using the The HBO/Rai co-production My Brilliant Friend as a case study, this essay addresses the understudied arena of casting, particularly in relation to the creation of the “authentic stardom” of the child and adolescent nonprofessional performers. Drawing from personal interviews with Laura Muccino and Sara Casani, two of Italian television’s most important casting directors, excerpts of which are included throughout the essay, I consider the gendered practices of casting in relation to Muccino and Casani’s epic search for the four nonprofessional child and adolescent girl performers who made the characters from the novel come to life. I focus on the casting and reception of the child and adolescent female actors in the series. In particular, this essay engages with performances of adolescence as these performances relate to the productions’ desire to represent an authentic experience of youth in postwar Italy that is exported to transnational audiences.
Numerical Minority Status in Middle School and Racial/Ethnic Segregation in Academic Classes.

This study examined the effects of racial/ethnic segregation (i.e., overrepresentation) in academic classes on belonging, fairness, intergroup attitudes, and achievement across middle school (n = 4,361; MageT1 = 11.33 years), and whether effects depended on numerical minority status in school and race/ethnicity. Latent growth curve models revealed that experiencing more segregation than usual predicted less belonging and fairness than usual for all youth in the numerical minority, and greater in-group preference for numerical minority Whites. Academic classroom segregation throughout middle school predicted less steep declines in in-group preference for adolescents in the numerical minority, and declines in achievement for African American numerical minority youth. Results highlight the need to treat the racial/ethnic context as a structural and dynamic construct.
Opioid use and spinal cord stimulation therapy: The long game

Abstract Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been considered as an alternative therapy to reduce opioid requirements in certain chronic pain disorders. However, information on long-term opioid consumption patterns and their impact on SCS device explantation is lacking. We conducted a retrospective study of 45 patients to characterize long-term patterns of opioid usage after SCS implantation. Daily morphine equivalent dosage (MED) increased, decreased, and remained the same in 40%, 40%, and 20% of patients at 1-year follow-up, respectively. Twelve (27%) underwent explantation due to treatment failure at a median of 18 months after implantation. Pre-operative opioid status (naive vs. active use) was not associated with explantation (18% vs. 29%, p = 0.699) and neither was the daily MED change status (i.e. increased, decreased, unchanged) at 1-year (p = 0.499, 1.000, 0.735, respectively). Following explantation, reduction in the daily MED was seen in 92% of patients with dosages falling below pre-operative baseline in nine. Among the opioid naive patients, 55% were on opioids at last follow-up (average 32.4 ± 14.6 months). Our results indicate that daily opioid consumption does not decrease in most patients 1-year after SCS implantation. Furthermore, post-operative evaluation beyond 1-year is necessary to assess the efficacy and durability of SCS therapy as well as its impact on opioid requirement. Lastly, rigorous patient selection and pre-operative risk assessment for misuse and dependence are paramount to improving outcome after SCS implantation.
An Assessment of Radio-Based Education about Female Genital Cutting and Health and Human Rights Issues in Douentza, Mali

Mali ranks 175 out of 188 countries on the Human Development Index; its health and literacy indicators are correspondingly low. As of 2013, the rate of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C)—widely regarded as a human rights violation—was 89%. In 2014, an interdisciplinary team partnered with local organizations in Douentza, Mali, to create a public health album of six songs. The songs were broadcast frequently on the local radio station and provided information on FGM/C, malaria, HIV/AIDS, girls’ education, breastfeeding, and sanitation. In 2015, a study was implemented to assess the impact of this album. The study aimed to capture knowledge about these topics following identified exposure to the radio-based programming, and also the use of radio as a means of health and human rights education, with a focus on FGM/C. Over 90% of respondents reported daily radio listening, many listening over five hours per day. Being a listener for 1-5 hours per day was associated with a higher score of ‘public health knowledge’ compared to those with lower listening frequency. Radio appears to be a significant part of daily routines in central Mali, as well as a valuable and accessible tool to transmit information, particularly for lower literacy individuals.
Seeing the benefits while trying to manage risk: Exploring coach perceptions and messaging with student-athletes around Fortnite

This research examined coach perceptions and interaction with student-athletes centered on the video game Fortnite. Semi-structured interviews with 22 student-athletes and 5 coaches at the Division...
From Femtoseconds to Gigaseconds: The SolDeg Platform for the Performance Degradation Analysis of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells.

Heterojunction Si solar cells exhibit notable performance degradation. We modeled this degradation by electronic defects getting generated by thermal activation across energy barriers over time. To analyze the physics of this degradation, we developed the SolDeg platform to simulate the dynamics of electronic defect generation. First, femtosecond molecular dynamics simulations were performed to create a-Si/c-Si stacks, using the machine learning-based Gaussian approximation potential. Second, we created shocked clusters by a cluster blaster method. Third, the shocked clusters were analyzed to identify which of them supported electronic defects. Fourth, the distribution of energy barriers that control the generation of these electronic defects was determined. Fifth, an accelerated Monte Carlo method was developed to simulate the thermally activated time-dependent defect generation across the barriers. Our main conclusions are as follows. (1) The degradation of a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cells via defect generation is controlled by a broad distribution of energy barriers. (2) We developed the SolDeg platform to track the microscopic dynamics of defect generation across this wide barrier distribution and determined the time-dependent defect density N(t) from femtoseconds to gigaseconds, over 24 orders of magnitude in time. (3) We have shown that a stretched exponential analytical form can successfully describe the defect generation N(t) over at least 10 orders of magnitude in time. (4) We found that in relative terms, Voc degrades at a rate of 0.2%/year over the first year, slowing with advancing time. (5) We developed the time correspondence curve to calibrate and validate the accelerated testing of solar cells. We found a compellingly simple scaling relationship between accelerated and normal times tnormal ∝ taccelT(accel)/T(normal). (6) We also carried out experimental studies of defect generation in a-Si:H/c-Si stacks. We found a relatively high degradation rate at early times that slowed considerably at longer time scales.
Incidental Discovery of a Left Ventricular Aneurysm After a Syncopal Episode.

A left ventricular aneurysm is a rare post myocardial infarction complication. Ventricular aneurysms form as post-ischemic cardiac remodeling creates a weaker, fibrotic area that may bulge outwards against interventricular pressures over time. Patients with ventricular aneurysms have increased mortality and are at higher risk of various cardiac complications, such as cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, thrombus formation, reduced cardiac output, or aneurysmal rupture. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critically important in these patients. We highlight the hospital course of a patient with an extensive cardiac history presenting for syncope with the discovery of a left ventricular aneurysm. The radiographic features of the left ventricular aneurysm are described, as well as formation, risk factors, and complications.
In Vivo Matrigel Migration and Angiogenesis Assays

Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessels forming from preexisting vessels, is an important feature in developmental processes, wound healing, and pathologic conditions such as cancer and vascular diseases. Owing to the importance of angiogenesis, a relatively simple and rapid in vivo method to determine the angiogenic potential of compounds is desirable to augment in vitro findings.
Transformations in Linguistic Structure

Empirically, a language is a set of discourses — things said or written. Each discourse can be shown to be a sequence of (one or more) sentences (or certain fragments of sentences), a sentence being the largest stretch of language whose composition can be described in certain compact ways. (It is possible to state additional properties of a discourse, but not — at least at present — direct rules of how it is composed.) There are several ways of analyzing the structure of sentences, and the applicability of one does not falsify the others. The most common method, both in traditional grammar and in modern linguistics, is to describe sentences as composed of certain constituents, e. g., subject and predicate, and these in turn of certain smaller constituents (say, subject as composed of noun and its modifiers; predicate as composed of verb plus object), and so on until we arrive at morphemes (morphologically indivisible words, stems, affixes). This can be stated in a compact hierarchy of rules or mappings, the rules and their hierarchy all showing some regular character. All sentences, or all of a distinguished subset of sentences, are composed in this way. The various constructions, like ‘noun-modifier’,’ subject’, are only intermediate constructs of the hierarchical operation of the rules.
Infinite Excessive and Invariant Measures

In the paper [10] the following problem was considered. Given a contraction semigroup Tt on a Borel space d and an excessive measure ν, when is it possible find another contraction semigroup Tt such that $$ \widetilde{{{T_t}}} > {T_t} $$ (1.1.1) and $$ \nu \widetilde{{{T_t}}} = \nu . $$ (1.1.2) The most restrictive condition under which this problem was solved is the finiteness of the excessive measure ν. This condition excludes such an interesting case as the semigroup Tt generated by the transition function of Wiener’s process killed at the origin and the Lebesque measure ν.
Model checking liveness properties of genetic regulatory networks

Recent studies have demonstrated the possibility to build genetic regulatory networks that confer a desired behavior to a living organism. However, the design of these networks is difficult, notably because of uncertainties on parameter values. In previous work, we proposed an approach to analyze genetic regulatory networks with parameter uncertainties. In this approach, the models are based on piecewise-multiaffine (PMA) differential equations, the specifications are expressed in temporal logic, and uncertain parameters are given by intervals. Abstractions are used to obtain finite discrete representations of the dynamics of the system, amenable to model checking. However, the abstraction process creates spurious behaviors along which time does not progress, called time-converging behaviors. Consequently, the verification of liveness properties, expressing that something will eventually happen, and implicitly assuming progress of time, often fails. In this work, we extend our previous approach to enforce progress of time. More precisely, we define transient regions as subsets of the state space left in finite time by every solution trajectory, show how they can be used to rule out time-converging behaviors, and provide sufficient conditions for their identification in PMA systems. This approach is implemented in RoVerGeNe and applied to the analysis of a network built in the bacterium E. coli.
An Empirical Review of Industry Preferences in the Design of E-Commerce Web Sites

This paper discusses several theoretical factors underlying successful Web-site design based on the research literature. Factors such as navigation strategies, animation, search capability, multilingual capability, and the use of color, graphics and icons are included. After identifying the significance of these Web characteristics, the paper reports on the results of an empirical study on Web-site design characteristics based on over 400 e-commerce Web sites that included six industry classifications. While some companies utilize traditional Web-site design approaches, others relied on different factors in their design.
Are measured school effects just sorting?: Causality and correlation in the National Education Longitudinal Survey

Abstract Youth who share a school and neighborhood often show similar levels of academic achievement, but some studies find all or most of this correlation is due to sorting (not causation). We analyze the National Education Longitudinal Survey (NELS) in three ways to decompose sorting versus causality: We first control for much richer measures of family background than other analysts have used. We next use characteristics of the students’ future high school as an instrument for family background (as future high school quality is correlated with unobserved family background but cannot cause junior high test scores). Finally, we use regression and semi-nonparametric matching methods to look at changes in test score when youth change schools. The results create a collage of evidence that a significant fraction of the correlation is causal.
The Word as an Artifact of Remembrance

Taking a cue from William Sherman’s Used Books, Marking Readers in Renaissance England (2008), this article examines the ‘uses’ of a particular book – a copy of a 1548 edition of a Tyndale New Testament which passed through the hands of John Bradford, evangelical preacher and Marian martyr, as well as those of his friend Joyce Hales. In particular, the article makes the case that Hales fashioned the volume into a memorial to Bradford after he was burnt at the stake. It also suggests that some of the writings within the volume, long attributed to Bradford by nineteenth-century editors, were by Hales instead. In so doing, it sheds additional light on the relationships between the Marian martyrs and their female followers, or ‘sustainers’ as Thomas Freeman has called them, further redressing the gender imbalance in the historical treatment of religious dissent during the reign of Mary Tudor.
Wordsworth, commodification and social concern : the poetics of modernity

Introduction 1. At the limits of sympathy 2. At home with homelessness 3. Figures in the mist 4. Timing modernity: around 1800 5. The ghostliness of things 6. Living images, still lives 7. The scene of reading.