cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative sources of technology: An analysis of induced innovations

This paper considers why firms differ in the degree to which they rely on their internal R&D organization for generating new technologies (induced innovations) rather than on existing external technology markets (purchased innovations). An empirical model is suggested to explan inter-firm differences in the percentage of new technology induced through R&D efforts. The analysis suggests that such differences are systematically related to the firm's size, its competative environment, and its degree of diversification.
On the link(s) between “D” and “A” in Mobile Data Analytics

This paper addresses the issue of (meta) management of the efficiency in the realm of applications relying on Mobile Data Analytics (MODA). We postulate that considering the efficient execution of the tasks of gathering, storing/retrieving and querying spatio-temporal data separately from the efficiency of executing control and decision-making (or, for that matter, even model-selection) algorithms may not be the most beneficial avenue in MODA settings. We argue that an important component is the management of the dynamics of the different tradeoff(s) and, more importantly, linking them when orchestrating the processes of the data management and analytics. Towards that end, we present the DNA2 (Data's Natural Associations with Analytics) hypothesis for coupling the data and control aspects in MODA contexts. We discuss in detail the role of uncertainty, along with some aspects of declarative specifications for merging the reactive and the pro-active behavior in MODA.
The effects of music interventions on anxiety in the patient after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: To examine the influence during the early postoperative period of selected nursinginterventions on mood and anxiety of patients undergoing heart surgery. Design: Prospective, repeated measures, quasiexperimental, random assignment. Setting: The cardiovascular intensive care and progressive care units of a midwestern communityhospital were used as the setting for this study. Patients: Ninety-six patients who underwent elective, heart bypass surgery; the mean age of thesubjects was 67 years, with an age range of 37 to 84 years. Most subjects were men (n=65, 68%). Outcome Measures: Physiologic measures of anxiety and mood include blood pressure andheart rate. Additional measures included the use of Spielberger's state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and patient verbal ratings of both mood and anxiety with use of a numeric rating scale (NRS). Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) music therapy, (2) music-video therapy, or (3) scheduled rest group. Subjects in the groups received their assigned 30-minute intervention at two episodes on postoperative days 2 and 3. Subjects had physiologic measures of blood pressure and heart rate measured immediately before the intervention and at 10-minute intervals throughout the intervention. Mood and anxiety were evaluated by having subjects use a NRS (i.e., 0 to 10) to give rating of mood and anxiety immediately before and after each session. Anxiety was further measured with the STAI. A baseline measure of STAI was taken before surgery; patients also completed the “state” anxiety tool before the intervention session on postoperative day 2 and on completion of the session on postoperative day 3. Results: With use of an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), subjects' mood ratings showed significant improvement in mood among subjects in the “music intervention” group after the second intervention when controlling for the preintervention rating of mood, F(2, 87)=4.33, p=0.016. However, no significant differences were reported for anxiety ratings as measured by the NRS and state anxiety instruments. With use of repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), there were no significant interactions between the intervention groups and time for any of the physiologic variables. However, there were significant main effects over time for heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which indicated a generalized physiologic relaxation response. Conclusions: Although none of the three interventions was overwhelmingly superior, the overall response by all intervention groups demonstrated a generalized relaxation response. It is also important to note that there was reduced anxiety and improved mood within all three groups.
On the difference of fatigue strengths from rotating bending, four-point bending, and cantilever bending tests

Comparisons of piping fatigue data demonstrate that the fatigue strength from rotating bending tests is lower than that from cantilever and four-point bending tests, especially in the low-cycle fatigue life range. The lower strength from the rotating bending test is generally believed to result from the fact that in this test all the points on the piping surface are subjected to the maximum stress range. Consequently, the weakest point in the specimen always initiates and causes failure. On the contrary, in cantilever and four-point bending tests, the maximum stress range occurs only at the top and bottom extreme fibers, which may not contain the weakest point in the specimen. Hence, the pipes in rotating bending tests usually fail earlier in comparison with the other two tests. Finite element analyses for the three tests revealed another and more compelling reason for the lower fatigue strength from the rotating bending test. The results demonstrated that, for the same prescribed bending moment range, the inelastic strain range in rotating bending is higher than the ranges in four-point and cantilever bending tests. Experimental data also demonstrate a similar trend. The new observation suggests that fatigue data from these three tests should be analyzed or compared in terms of strain range, instead of nominal stress range.
Small Subgroups of SL(3, ℤ).

Motivated in part by various questions of Serre, Labourie and Lubotzky, we consider the question of representing the fundamental group of the figure eight knot complement into SL(3, ). We explore questions of faithfulness and finite index for such representations.
The Accuracy and Power of Sex, Social Class, and Ethnic Stereotypes: A Naturalistic Study in Person Perception

This research examined the accuracy and power of sex, social class, and ethnic stereotypes in person perception. Participants included 49 to 56 teachers and nearly 2,000 students in seventh-grade public school math classes. Results indicated that teacher perceptions regarding achievement and motivation differences between girls and boys, lower- and upper-class students, and African American and White students were mostly accurate. Results also showed that although teachers generally relied on students' personal characteristics to form their perceptions, they occasionally relied on stereotypes. We discuss these results in terms of the classic view that stereotypes are inaccurate, rigid, exaggerated, and exert powerful effects on person perception.
Analytical characterization of a monoclonal antibody therapeutic reveals a three-light chain species that is efficiently removed using hydrophobic interaction chromatography

Size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography analysis of a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) showed the presence of a new species that eluted with a retention time between the dimeric and monomeric species of the antibody. Extensive characterization of this species, referred to as "shoulder," indicated that it was a mAb containing an extra light chain and had a molecular weight of approximately 175 kDa. The extra light chain was found to be non-covalently associated with the Fab portion of the protein. The relative amount of shoulder (typically 1-3% of the total mAb present) varied with the Chinese hamster ovary cell line producing the mAb and was not influenced by the growth conditions. Our three-step mAb purification platform using protein A, anion exchange, and cation exchange process steps was successful at removing dimer and higher and lower molecular weight species, but not the shoulder impurity. It was found that hydrophobic interaction chromatography could be used in place of cation exchange to exploit the subtle differences in hydrophobicity between monomer and shoulder. We developed an antibody polishing process using Butyl Sepharose HP resin that is capable of removing the majority of high and low molecular weight impurities yielding 99% pure mAb monomer, virtually devoid of the shoulder species, with a step recovery of about 80%.
Cardiovascular effects of anemia.

nemia is the most common disease A that may increase the cardiac output at rest. Chronic anemia in man usually increases the cardiac output when the hemoglobin level is 7 Gm. per 100 ml. of blood or less.’ Anemia not only decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, but ordinarily decreases blood viscosity as well. Therefore, an understanding of the physiologic alterations of severe chronic anemia can clarify the mechanisms which control cardiac output. The clinical findings of a hyperkinetic state in anemia, although frequently quite striking, can be rapidly reversed by partial correction of the anemia in almost every instance. Circulatory congestion similar to that seen in congestive heart failure is an infrequent but serious complication of severe anemia. This may occur without pre-existing heart disease. There is no agreement as to whether this situation represents true congestive heart failure2 or “non-cardiac circulatory congestion.“3 Therefore, we shall use the terms “congestive state” or “circulatory congestion” in referring to it.
Determinants of faculty salary in prestigious versus less-prestigious departments: A comparative study of academic disciplines

This study examines the role of research performance and seniority in determining faculty salary in university graduate departments. Four fields were studied: chemistry, physics, political science, and sociology. Seniority was found to be positively related to the pay structure in most of these fields and in most of the prestige levels, though slightly more so in the social sciences. Overall, research performance dimensions were found to be the major predictors of salary. Articles are most effective in predicting salary in the physical sciences and least effective in the social sciences. The reverse is true regarding published books.
Accurate exterior, fast interior layered manufacturing

Describes a new approach to fast layered manufacturing. The improvements in speed are achieved entirely through software control of existing commercial layered manufacturing equipment. In particular, the exterior regions of a part are built with thin layers to provide a precise, smooth exterior surface, while its interior regions are built with fast, thick layers to reduce overall build time. This approach has been implemented and tested with .STL CAD models on a Stratasys FDM 1600 rapid prototyping system, where a 50‐80 per cent reduction in build time of dense parts has been achieved without reducing surface quality or part integrity.
Use of respiratory-cardiovascular responses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in identifying acute toxicity syndromes in fish: Part 2. malathion, carbaryl, acrolein and benzaldehyde

An in vivo fish model was used to monitor the respiratory-cardiovascular responses of individual spinally transected rainbow trout exposed to acutely toxic aqueous concentrations of two acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, malathion and carbaryl, and two mucous membrane irritants, acrolein and benzaldehyde. The most striking changes in respiratory-cardiovascular physiology noted on malathion and carbaryl exposures were immediate decreases in oxygen utilization (U) and heart rate (HR). Ventilation volume (VG) increased to compensate for the lower U, but not enough to increase oxygen consumption (VO2). Blood responses in carbaryl-exposed trout differed from those in the malathion group; there were increased hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) values along with an extensive drop in arterial pH (pHa) and total arterial carbon dioxide (TaCO2). The overall respiratory-cardiovascular responses of the rainbow trout to acrolein and benzaldehyde intoxication represent a direct effect of the chemical at the respiratory surface. A steady increase in cough rate (CR) was recorded for fish exposed to both chemicals throughout exposures. A moderate to low increase in VG and VO2 was followed at 50 to 60% survival time by sudden decreases in VG and VO2 until death. Ventilation rate (VR), U and HR showed a steady downward trend over the entire survival period. After the midpoint in survival time, total arterial oxygen (TaO2), (TaCO2) and pHa all decreased, while Hct increased steadily. Individual principal components analyses of the cardiovascular-respiratory responses of fish exposed to the four chemicals showed that the variables were highly correlated and that the first two principal components explained 55 to 70% of the variation in the 18 parameters analyzed. A two-dimensional diagram of the first two principal components illustrated this multivariate response and the increased variability in the responses of exposed fish as compared with the control fish. Sets of toxic responses were developed to describe two new fish acute toxicity syndromes (FATS), one for AChE inhibitors and one for respiratory irritants. These were combined with the FATS for respiratory uncouplers and narcotics from previous work prior to discriminant function analysis (DFA). DFA was used to predict the specific FATS for a chemical based on the cardiovascular-respiratory responses observed during intoxication. DFA on these responses resulted in a 100% correct separation of four specific FATS for all 32 trout tested. Of the 18 responses monitored and used in the DFA, CR, VO2, TaO2, pHa and U were the best discriminators in predicting the correct FATS for each fish.
X-ray scattering studies of crystallization, growth and wetting phenomena at surfaces

Abstract X-ray scattering has proven to be a very powerful probe in investigating the structure and morphology of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. In this paper, we review some recent applications of the technique to study phenomena such as the scaling properties of films growing on a substrate, surface crystallization phenomena in hydrocarbons, and the wetting of inhomogeneous surfaces by liquid films.
Aging and Immune Function: A Possible Role for Growth Hormone

Elderly individuals have four to five times the case rate of cancer, tuberculosis and herpes zoster and six to seven times the fatality rate from pneumonia compared to young adults. This may be causally related to two changes that occur with aging, i.e. decreased growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production and decreased immune function. Data from our laboratory as well as others have shown that, based on either GH secretory dynamics or IGF-1 levels, approximately 40% of adults aged 60 and older are GH deficient. In the same population of subjects, immune function decreases such that there is a decline in cell-mediated and humoral immune responsiveness. Some of these immune deficits have been shown to be reversed in humans and primates by GH and/or IGF-1 treatment. This paper will review some of these data.
Ancient Remains in Caria: the Watchtower at Arpas.

Caria south of the Maeander (Buyuk Menderes) river has fascinated travellers since antiquity. Mountainous in character and moderately populated today, the region served as a political and cultural frontier between the Greek mainland and the more ancient centres of civilization in the Near East. After a century of exploration, a wealth of data now illuminates the historic past of ancient Caria (von Diest 1909, Ramsay 1890, Paton and Meyers 1896, Winter 1887, Chamonard 1895, Fowler 1906, Hicks, 1892, Humann and Dorpfeld 1893, Miller 1916, Paton 1900, and Weber, 1904). Although informative, such scholarship has also had a negative impact. All too often, the view taken in the published literature is that previously identified sites offer little additional information. Scholars have tended to accept this view and the “authoritative research” of others without further examination of the region or its rich physical remains.
Charmed meson decays to two pseudoscalars

A recent update of data on the decays of ${D}^{0}$, ${D}^{+}$, and ${D}_{s}^{+}$ to pairs of light pseudoscalars calls for a renewed analysis of key decay amplitudes and tests of flavor symmetry. The present data change our previous understanding of relative phases between amplitudes that describe Cabibbo-favored decays of the charmed mesons. The new data also seem to favor a smaller octet-singlet mixing angle for the $\ensuremath{\eta}$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mesons when singly Cabibbo-suppressed processes are taken into account. We also discuss the effects of the new data on interference between Cabibbo-favored and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays.
A Critical Evaluation of Tangential-Flow Ultrafiltration for Trace Metal Studies in Freshwater Systems. 1. Organic Carbon

The utility of tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFUF) for size fractionation of natural organic matter (NOM) in freshwater streams was investigated, focusing on characterization or elimination of potential artifacts. Spiral-wound polyethersulfone (PES) and regenerated cellulose (RCL) membranes with nominal molecular weight limits of 10 kilodalton (kDa) and 100 kDa were compared as part of a large project assessing the utility of large volume (>5 L) ultrafiltration for determining trace metal speciation in freshwaters. With careful cleaning, reliable fractionations of carbon and trace metals in freshwater can be obtained, and a detailed protocol necessary to avoid potentially significant biases is presented. Both PES and RCL membranes can be cleaned efficiently to provide low carbon blanks (<0.03 mg C L-1) and recleaned at least 10 times without compromising membrane integrity. For RCL, residual acid from the cleaning procedure can lower the permeate pH to below 4 in low-alkalinity river samples, but this ...
Neighborhood models of plant population dynamics. 2. Multi-species models of annuals

Abstract Models are developed for the dynamics of multi-species communities of annual plants that lack seed dormancy. These models explicitly include plastic plant growth, the spatial distribution of individuals, and the fact that individuals interact primarily with nearby individuals. Because the models are based on submodels of individual plants (fecundity, survivorship and dispersal, and how these are affected by inter-individual interactions), they provide explanations of community-level phenomena in terms of the biology of individuals. All model parameters and functional forms may be estimated from data obtained in simple experiments of a single years's duration. The models are used to examine the community-level consequences of some types of inter-individual interactions that have been reported in the ecological literature. In addition, the models are used to demonstrate that dispersal may markedly influence the outcome of competition among plant species, even in a physically homogeneous environment, due to an effect of dispersal on the spatial distribution of individuals.
Long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites by slurry deposition

A process for producing long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites is described. This process, based on papermaking technology, consists of depositing a mixture of a polymeric powder and reinforcing fibers from an aqueous slurry. The degree of homogeneity of the mixture and the subsequent ability to handle the dried sheet have been significantly improved by the addition of less than 5% pulp fibers, based on solids concentration, to the slurry. The dried sheet is then consolidated into a composite sheet with a continuous matrix phase by the application of heat and then pressure. Tensile properties and the degree of reinforcement efficiency of composites produced by this process have been shown to be comparable to those produced by melt impregnation techniques.
Miscellaneous New Species in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) from Brazil

Abstract. Ten new species are described and illustrated in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) of Brazil. They are listed here in generic alphabetical order: Acianthera echinosa, A. marquesii, Anathallis klingelfusii, A. ova trochilorum, Pabstiella brasilica, Stelis capijumensis, S.freyi, S. kautskyi, S. mystax-felis, and S. sessilis.
Recent developments in the production of carbon micro-ribbons for CNI polarimeters at BNL

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is the only collider in the world to collide polarized protons. In order to maximize the polarization of the proton beam in RHIC, it is critical that the polarization is measured during the acceleration process. This is accomplished with Coulomb nuclear interference (CNI) polarimeters in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and RHIC. The targets for the CNI polarimeters are carbon micro-ribbons that are optimized in width for the detectors. The targets used in the AGS CNI polarimeter are 4 μg/cm2 thick (25–30 nm) and 50 mm long. The width of these targets is either 75, 125 or 250 μm. The targets used in the RHIC CNI polarimeter are the same thickness but only 25 mm long and <10 μm wide. As the beam intensity in RHIC has increased and the beam size has decreased, the lifetime of these targets has become a major issue. Efforts are underway to reduce the resistance of the targets in the hope that it will extend their lifetime. There have also been demands for unique target geometries. The technique to produce 5 mm wide targets and twisted carbon micro-ribbons is discussed.
LARGE-SCALE MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF 19 BILLION PARTICLES

We have performed parallel large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations on the QSC-machine at Los Alamos. The good scalability of the SPaSM code is demonstrated together with its capability of efficient data analysis for enormous system sizes up to 19 000 416 964 particles. Furthermore, we introduce a newly-developed graphics package that renders in a very efficient parallel way a huge number of spheres necessary for the visualization of atomistic simulations. These abilities pave the way for future atomistic large-scale simulations of physical problems with system sizes on the μ-scale.
A connectionist model of development

We present a phenomenological modeling framework for development. Our purpose is to provide a systematic method for discovering and expressing correlations in experimental data on gene expression and other developmental processes. The modeling framework is based on a connectionist or "neural net" dynamics for biochemical regulators, coupled to "grammatical rules" which describe certain features of the birth, growth, and death of cells, synapses and other biological entities. We outline how spatial geometry can be included, although this part of the model is not complete. As an example of the application of our results to a specific biological system, we show in detail how to derive a rigorously testable model of the network of segmentation genes operating in the blastoderm of Drosophila. To further illustrate our methods, we sketch how they could be applied to two other important developmental processes: cell cycle control and cell-cell induction. We also present a simple biochemical model leading to our assumed connectionist dynamics which shows that the dynamics used is at least compatible with known chemical mechanisms.
The pointing calibration of the Haystack antenna

We have applied techniques of optical astronomy to calibrate the pointing of a high-resolution pencil-beam antenna by using radiometric measurements of cosmic radio sources. The Haystack antenna, a 120-ft paraboloidal reflector on an azimuth-elevation mount, was calibrated at a frequency of 15.25 GHz. The beamwidth at this frequency is 36 millidegrees; the rms residual pointing error after calibration was 2.90 millidegrees in azimuth and 3.45 millidegrees in elevation. A total of 172 measurements of pointing error were made on eight sources, and these data were fitted by the method of least squares to determine seven instrumental parameters that take into account axis-alignment errors and gravitational effects on the antenna structure. These techniques are not restricted to antennas used as radio telescopes, and they may be useful in the pointing calibration of other antennas.
Patterns of Indoamerican Chief Executive Tenure

Anthropological case studies of technological change (Spicer 1952; Bernard and Pelto 1972) have proven utility to policy science. Yet, generalization from a single case holds only if no negative instance is reported (Erasmus 1961:62-63). Examining additional cases defines a universe to which generalizations drawn from one case apply. Bee (1979) presented a fine case study of the predicament of a Quechan chief executive (CE) under pressure to procure a specific benefit for his constituency. Policymakers would, however, frequently err were they to generalize from the Quechan to all reservation governments. Secular Quechan government escapes the lingering competition between theocrats and secular elective officers that has characterized Zuni Pueblo governance (Panday 1977:202-11) and dogged the pan-Hopi secular government (Euler and Dobyns 1971:95-100). It also lacks the theocratic dominance of elected councilmen that Fowler (1978:754-60) found among Wind River Arapahoes. This brief essay begins to define a universe of Native American reservation governments in which the political dynamics Bee identified occur, and to recognize some other patterns. The analysis starts from the abbreviated CE tenure Bee mentioned in his Quechan case. Data on the length of service of 66 CEs of eight federally recognized reservation governments are presented in Table 1. These groups were chosen because names of their CEs have been published over several decades, with sufficient information to allow their tenure to be calculated. Such current history of governance by Native Americans is rare. The average length of service of the 66 CEs was 4 years 4% months. The Quechan CE whose tribulations Bee described served a shorter period. He had a 2-year (1972-74) term. Then the Quechan constitution was amended to specify that CEs would serve 4-year terms. The incumbent chairman won reelection, but resigned in April 1976 (Bee 1979:244). A rank-order list of Native American CEs who have served longer than average periods appears in Table 2. Only 20 of the 66 CEs under discussion served longer than average; another 11 served exactly 4 years. The Quechan CE who resigned more closely resembles the 35 CEs who served fewer than 4 years than he does the 31 persons serving 4 years or longer. The 7-year-4-month average service of three Seminole CEs differentiates that polity from the Quechan. King (1976:150) found that members of the Bird Clan won election 18 of 28 possible times through 1975. Although that clan is only the second most populous, it is the largest in the White moiety from which chiefs traditionally came (King 1976: 141). Functioning clan affiliation appears to limit the number of Seminole CEs and lengthen their periods in office by diminishing the number of persons perceived as eligible candidates. The Seminole and Quechan polities belong to different types. Navajo CEs served an average 6 years 8 months each. All those who have held office since 1938 are listed in Table 2. Navajos resemble Seminoles in often behaving in terms of clan
An unusual intranasal foreign body.

We describe a child who had a button battery lodged in her nose for several weeks, with resulting destruction of her nasal septum. A brief review of the pathophysiology of injury due to button batteries and measures to prevent such injuries from occurring are discussed. Language: en
Social and Cultural Sensitivity in Group-Specific HIV and AIDS Programming.

In this article the authors encourage counselors and other human development professionals to provide HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) prevention programming that is sensitive to the social and cultural contexts of the specific group(s) addressed. The focus is on four groups that have been both the target for societal oppression and dramatically affected by the HIV and AIDS epidemic: women, gay and bisexual men, African Americans, and Latinos. First, information is provided to help professionals become more aware of the social and cultural contexts of behavior related to HIV and AIDS prevention in the four groups named. Second, four recommendations are made to assist professionals to sensitively apply that awareness to the planning and implementing of HIV and AIDS prevention programming. Four exemplar programs illustrate the implementation of these recommendations.
Trajectory control of mobile gateways for range extension in ad hoc networks

In order to facilitate scalability in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and to provide connectivity between partitions that might occur in wireless networks as a consequence of mobility, we can envision a 'range extension' network that consists of airborne communication platforms, and satellites. These airborne or satellite nodes will maintain communication links with specific 'gateway' nodes among the mobile ground nodes. To communicate with a node that is geographically distant or belongs to a different network partition, an ad hoc node can relay its data packets through an appropriate mobile gateway and via the range extension network. If we envision that the MANET is divided into different groups and a mobile gateway is deployed for each such group, an objective then, is to determine the trajectory of the mobile gateway to best serve the ad hoc group to which it belongs, in terms of network performance metrics such as throughput and latency. In this paper, this problem of computing the optimal position for a gateway is reduced to a linear optimization problem by means of some simplifying but realistic assumptions. We suggest methods that may be deployed to enable the gateway to follow this optimal trajectory as closely as possible (within the practical constraints imposed by its velocity and maneuverability). Simulation results for various scenarios show a 10-15% improvement in the throughput and in latency (per group containing a gateway) if a gateway has a dynamic trajectory whose locus follows the computed optimal position, as compared to a gateway that is statically placed at a regular position, or to a gateway that has a random trajectory.
Nucleophilic attack on coordinated CO in [Tc(CO)4(PPh3)2]BF4

Several new technetium nucleophile-carbonyl adducts have been synthesized and characterized. Treatment of the TcI cation, trans-[Tc(CO)4(PPh3)2]BF4 (1 with LiEt3BH affords the Tc formyl complex Tc(CO)3(C(O)H)(PPh3)2 (2) in 76% yield. Reaction of 2 with 1 equiv. of CH3SO3CF3 in toluene produces the Fischer carbene [Tc(CO)3(C(OMe)H)(PPh3)2]SO3CF3 (3) The nucleophile OH− reacts with 1 to give the hydroxycarbonyl complex Tc(CO)3(C(O)OH)(PPh3)2 (4). If this reaction is carried out in the presence of alkyl alcohols, ROH [R = Me (5), Et (6)] the corresponding alkoxycarbonyl complexes Tc(CO)3(C(O)OR)(PPh3)2 are obtained. Thearyloxycarbonyl complex Tc(CO)3(C(O)OR)(PPh3)2 (7) (where R = C6H4CH3) was prepared from the reaction of 4 with excess KOR in THF. Treatment of 1 with NaN3 gives the isocyanate complex Tc(CO)3(NCO)(PPh3)2 (8).
The Effects of Conjugation Length and Substituents on the Conductivity of Oxidatively Doped p,p’-Disubstituted Diphenylpolyenes

It has been demonstrated that the oxidative doping of a.oo-diphenylpolyenes generates polaronic and/or bipolaronic intermediates which can be directly observed by optical spectroscopy. Furthermore, the absorption frequencies have been shown to correlate with conjugation length and the nature of the substituents. Species are stabilized by donor substituents and destabilized by acceptor substituents. We now report conductivity and ESR studies on iodine doped α,ω-diphenylpolyenes, containing donor p,p’-disubstituents. The implications of these studies can provide insight into electrical conductivity and optical nonlinearity of doped organic materials.
Processive Degradation of Proteins and Other Catalytic Properties of the Proteasome from Thermoplasma acidophilum

Abstract Although the structure of the 20 S proteasome from Thermoplasma acidophilum has been elucidated, its enzymatic properties have not been explored in depth. Thermoplasma proteasomes, which contain one type of active site, exhibit not only “chymotrypsin-like” activity (as reported), but also some “post-glutamyl” and “trypsin-like” activities. Like eukaryotic proteasomes, its activity can be stimulated by SDS, Mg2+, and also guanidine HCl, but not urea. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by novel peptide aldehydes with hydrophobic P4 residues, and was rapidly inactivated by 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin (DCI). DCI modified the N-terminal threonine of the catalytic β-subunit, the presumed active site nucleophile. To define how proteins are degraded, casein was derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate to facilitate detection of released products by the proteasome. Many fluorescent peptides were generated, but the relative amounts of different peptides were independent of the duration of the reaction. The rate of disappearance of protein substrates paralleled the rate of appearance of small products. Unlike conventional proteases, proteasome degrades proteins processively without release of polypeptide intermediates. Upon activation by SDS, guanidine, heat (55°C), or partial inhibition with DCI, proteasomes still functioned processively, but generated a different pattern of peptides under each condition. Thus, processivity is an inherent feature of the 20 S proteasome, not requiring all active sites or ATP hydrolysis.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic adenovirus RNA. Differences between 5′-termini of messenger and non-messenger transcripts

Abstract The nature of the 5′-termini of adenovirus-specific RNA late in the infection of HeLa cells has been investigated. Evidence is presented that enzymatic hydrolysates of fractions which include apparent nuclear precursor molecules contain both a guanosine tetraphosphate and an “inverted dinucleotide”, whereas polyribosome-associated messenger RNA contains only an inverted dinucleotide. In contrast, nuclear and cytoplasmic viral-associated RNA, which is thought not to function as a messenger, contains only guanosine tetraphosphate. It thus appears that only virus-specific transcripts destined to function as cytoplasmic messenger RNA undergo modification at their 5′-termini before exit from the nucleus.
Effects of variable blast pressures on blood flow and oxygen saturation in rat brain as evidenced using MRI.

Abstract It has been recognized that primary blast waves may result in neurotrauma in soldiers in theater. A new type of contrast used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), has been developed that is based on the different susceptibility levels in diverse tissues and can detect decreases in cerebral blood flow (CBF) using inferred oxygen saturation changes in tissue. In addition, a continuous arterial spin-labeled (ASL) MRI sequence was used as a direct measure of regional CBF within the brain tissue. Animals were subjected to whole-body blast exposures of various overpressures within a gas-driven shock tube. When exposed to low levels of overpressure, most rats demonstrated no obvious changes between pre- and postexposure in the conventional MR images. CBF changes measured by SWI and ASL were significantly higher for the overpressure exposed groups as compared to the sham group and tended to increase with pressure increases at the highest two pressures. In the hippocampus, all blast animals had a reduction in the CBF consistently in the range of 0–27%. In summary, low levels of primary blast pressure exposure demonstrated a significant physiologic effect to the brain up to 72 h postexposure.
Diurnal cycle and ACTH facilitation of shuttlebox avoidance.

Abstract The effects of diurnal cycle and ACTH injections on shuttlebox avoidance were investigated under running conditions similar to limbic lesions studies. Three groups of male rats (ACTH injected, Gel injected and non-injected controls) were run in a homogenous shuttlebox for one session of 100 trials of acquisition and 100 trials of extinction. Half of the animals were run in the a.m. near the trough of the ACTH-corticosteroid diurnal cycle; the other half were run in the p.m. near the crest of the cycle. The results showed that (1) ACTH injections facilitated acquisition, (2) control animals were facilitated when run near the crest of their cycle, and (3) ACTH injections eliminated the diurnal cycle effect. These results mimic the effects of septal or hippocampal lesions in shuttlebox and are viewed as consistent with the hypothesis that the lesion results are due to a hormonally mediated mechanism.
Gamma and octupole vibrations in deformed nuclei

Abstract The gamma (2 + ) and octupole (0 − , 2 − ) states of deformed even nuclei in the rareearth region are calculated in the Fermi liquid theory. The relation of RPA and schematic model calculations to the more general formulation is discussed. Off-diagonal matrix elements are found to peak at the nuclear surface. The vibration modes studied are found to be only weakly dependent on the spin- and isospin-dependent terms in the interaction. An example is presented to show the necessity for including a long-ranged term in the renormalized interaction.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Dihydrofolate Reductase Unfolding Pathways

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADPC oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) catalyzes the reduction of 7,8-dihydrofolate (DHF) to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (THF) by hydride transferring from the NADPH cofactor. DHFR plays a central role in cell growth and proliferation because it is the sole means of production of THF that is essential for purine and thymidylate synthesis.We present here using the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation to study the unfolding mechanism of DHFR and its Circular Permutation (CP) in mitochondrial import (one way pulling) and AFM (two way pulling). We found that in the equilibration stage, DHFR, DHFR-CP25P, and DHFR-CP38K fluctuated for about 4 A, and this lacking of mechanically stable structure could be the reason for different AFM experimental results observed in previous studies. In both one way pulling and two way pulling simulations, DHFRs form core structures that stabilize the protein from further denaturation. The formation of core structure gives us information about the “stiffness” of the secondary structures. We showed that the factors that affect one way pulling is not only the secondary structure adjacent to pulling point as proposed before, but a more complex composition of interaction between secondary structures. The force required for AFM denaturation covers a wide range for all DHFRs and we see different pathways with different core intermediates. Also, the binding of substrate/coenzyme stabilizes DHFR against both AFM pulling, and mitochondrial import.
Directly heated high surface area solid phase microextraction sampler for rapid field forensic analyses.

A high-surface area solid phase microextraction (HSA-SPME) sampler is described for dynamic sampling at high air velocities (up to several hundred centimeters per second). The sampling device consists of a thin wire coated with carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (carboxen/PDMS) material, wound in the annular space between two concentric glass tubes, providing a large trapping surface from which analytes may then be thermally desorbed with little power consumption upon resistive heating of the wire. Desorbed analytes are focused and reconcentrated on a microtrap that is subsequently resistively heated to introduce analytes for GC or GC/MS analysis. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) included in a 39-component toxic organics (TO-14) gas mixture were used to evaluate the efficiency of the HSA-SPME sampler. Quantitation of trace-level BTEX compounds present during weapons cleaning was completed using stepwise calibration. Detection limits of 0.2−6.9 pptrv were observed for these analytes using sing...
Rational design of a β-lactamase inhibitor achieved via stabilization of the trans-enamine intermediate: 1.28 Å crystal structure of wt SHV-1 complex with a penam sulfone

β-Lactamases are one of the major causes of antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacteria. The continuing evolution of β-lactamases that are capable of hydrolyzing our most potent β-lactams presents a vexing clinical problem, in particular since a number of them are resistant to inhibitors. The efficient inhibition of these enzymes is therefore of great clinical importance. Building upon our previous structural studies that examined tazobactam trapped as a trans-enamine intermediate in a deacylation deficient SHV variant, we designed a novel penam sulfone derivative that forms a more stable trans-enamine intermediate. We report here the 1.28 A resolution crystal structure of wt SHV-1 in complex with a rationally designed penam sulfone, SA2-13. The compound is covalently bound to the active site of wt SHV-1 similar to tazobactam yet forms an additional salt-bridge with K234 and hydrogen bonds with S130 and T235 to stabilize the trans-enamine intermediate. Kinetic measurements show that SA2-13, once react...
The association of red blood cell parameters with mortality in a population of hemodialysis patients

BBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The targeting of higher hemoglobin levels leads to increased cardiovascular events in patients with renal disease. This study is an attempt to discover if changes in red blood cell parameters are induced by erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, and whether these changes are associated with mortality. METHODS A retrospective study of patients on hemodialysis at two dialysis units operated by Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Camden, N.J., evaluating the effect of dosage of epoetin alfa on red blood cell parameters and the relationship of these parameters with all cause mortality over the course of one year. RESULTS Dosage of epoetin alfa was related to red blood cell distribution width and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in a statistically significant manner. Red blood cell distribution width was significantly lower in one year survivors. Quintile analysis demonstrated a relationship between red blood cell distribution width and iron saturation with one year survival. Low MCHC is a powerful predictor of short term mortality. CONCLUSION Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell distribution width are influenced by high doses of epoetin alfa. This study should serve to stimulate further investigation of the predictive role of red blood cell parameters in mortality in patients with renal disease and anemia treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents, in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of increased cardiovascular events in patients targeted to higher hemoglobin levels. Dial. Transplant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The need for effective documentation

The main concept that I propose is based upon an ACCESSABLE ON-LINE DOCUMENTATION ELEMENT DICTIONARY consisting of document elements with its content items. This on line dictionary will be the paradigm for the development of effective documentation.
Mechanisms by Which Thyroid Hormone Receptor Mutations Cause Clinical Syndromes of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone

Resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ) gene. The thyroid hormone receptor is a nuclear receptor th...
Importance of the Phthalocyanine Ring Carbon π-orbitals in the Electrical Conduction of Metal Phthalocyanine Polymers

The electronic structures of metal phthalocyanine polymers PcMX and MPc were examined by performing tight-binding band calculations on PcMX (MX = SiO, GeO, AlF, GaF, CrF) and MPc (M = Ni, Co, Fe) chains. The present band structure study suggests that the electrical conductivities of halogen-doped PcMX and MPc chains are governed by their valence bands a composed of the HOMO a1M of each Pc ring. It is the valence band a that becomes partially empty upon halogen-doping. The Pc ring π-orbital a1M is made up of only the carbon p orbitals. By symmetry, none of the s, p and d orbitals of a metal atom M can mix into the a1M orbital. Consequently, the width of the valence band a is solely determined by such factors as the inter-ring separation and the inter-ring rotation. It was noted that there should be one, two and three unpaired electrons on each metal atom of CoPc, FePc and PcCrF chains, respectively. Thus halogen-doped CoPc, FePc and PcCrF are expected to have magnetic properties associated with the unpaired electrons.
Studies of NiN2 as a model for photoemission from N2 adsorbed on nickel

We report a theoretical study of angle-resolved photoelectron spectra (ARPES) for the oriented, linear triatomic NiN_2. This study was motivated by the work of Horn et al. (Surface Sci. 118 (1982) 465 ), who studied ARPES spectra from N2 adsorbed on Ni[110] and observed a resonance feature in the 2σ_u cross section which is not present in the gas phase N_2 spectra. We confirm that this feature could be a result of symmetry breaking of the homonuclear N_2 orbitals by the surface. However, in this case we find that surface reflection of the emitted electrons cannot be ignored in interpretation of the experimental data.
Acute open reduction and rigid internal fixation of proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocation

We report the application and results of a technique of open reduction and rigid internal fixation of dorsal fracture/dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint with an interfragmentary screw in two cases. Articular congruity was restored, and the proximal interphalangeal joint was stabilized. This technique permitted immediate range-of-motion exercises. Excellent results were obtained in both cases. Previous descriptions have not detailed the indications, the surgical approach, or the results of this technique.
Multi-biomarker panel selection on a GPU

Liquid chromatography-based tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique allows for identification and quantification of thousands of proteins in parallel. This technique coupled with a feed-forward artificial neural network provides a technique to analyze and select protein panels for use in multi-biomarker panel discovery applications. In this study, we enhance this technique by utilizing massively parallel computation enabled by a high-end Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). We utilize a GPU-based back-propagation feed-forward artificial neural network to help select an optimal panel of protein biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis. By exploiting the GPU particularly for accelerating optimal biomarker panel discovery, we achieved a computation speedup of 32.2X over a comparable sequential program implemented on a CPU. GPUs have become a cost-effective alternative, offering end-user high-performance computing alternative to computer cluster or cloud computing. We showed how to achieve substantial improvement in computation using domain-specific parallel computing on a GPU. This approach can be generalized to other bioinformatics problems.