cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highly specific antiangiogenic therapy is effective in suppressing growth of experimental Wilms tumors

Abstract Background/Purpose: Pathologic angiogenesis in tumors is a potential target for novel therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic promoter present in a wide variety of human tumors. VEGF is expressed as 4 isoforms; one of these, VEGF165, predominates in human tumors. The authors hypothesized that antagonism of VEGF165 by a specific aptamer would block tumor growth in an experimental model of Wilms tumor. Methods: VEGF isoform expression in clinical (n = 2) and experimental tumors were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Tumors were induced in NCR nude mice (n = 32) by intrarenal injection of 10 6 cultured Wilms tumor cells. At 1 week, aptamer (n = 16) or vehicle (n = 16) treatment was started and continued daily for 5 weeks. Results: At 6 weeks tumors weighed 84% less in treated versus control animals (0.69 v 4.41 g; P Conclusions: Anti-VEGF165 aptamer effectively suppressed primary tumor growth in experimental animals with no observed adverse effects. Development of highly specific antiangiogenic therapies may be of particular benefit to pediatric patients. J Pediatr Surg 36:357-361. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Self‐help housing provision: Production, consumption, accumulation and policy in Atlantic Canada

Abstract Self‐help has been a neglected aspect of housing provision in industrialised nations, yet in many locations it accounts for a significant share of new production and can contribute to improved housing circumstances for those whose housing need is not too severe. This paper discusses self‐help housing provision in Atlantic Canada and argues that it reduces the profitability of the residential construction industry and for this and other reasons, self‐help is likely to continue as a major form of production. This paper also evaluates the impact on self‐help of several housing policy options.
Ruled, Creedal, and Located: The Theological Interpretation of John Goldingay

Abstract John Goldingay has tried to distance his exegetical practice from theological interpretation. Close readings of Goldingay’s own pronouncements and interpretive practice, in combination with insights from philosophical hermeneutics, however, indicate that he may be protesting too much. The present essay demonstrates that Goldingay’s working method operates under the rule of faith, in accordance with the creeds, and from an ideological location. It recommends Goldingay’s working method as an exemplar for those who wish to practice fresh, theologically informed, and exegetically sensitive readings of Scripture.
Frequency of noncontiguous lymph node involvement in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to investigate the patterns of lymph node spread and the frequency of involvement of noncontiguous lymph node stations in patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma who had complete surgical resection. METHODS All patients who had surgical resection as their sole treatment for nonsmall cell lung carcinoma during the years 1987–1990 were reviewed. All patients were treated similarly. Generally, complete mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed after resection of the primary lesion and N1 lymph nodes. Patients were assessed for patterns of involvement of N1 and N2 lymph node stations. The frequency of noncontiguous involvement of lymph nodes (involvement of N2 lymph nodes without involvement of N1 lymph nodes) was determined. Patient and tumor characteristics were assessed to ascertain whether certain factors were likely to predict this noncontiguous pattern of lymph node spread. RESULTS During the 4-year period of study, 336 patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma were managed with surgical resection alone. Of the 336, 100 had no involvement of lymph nodes, 108 had involvement of N1 lymph nodes only, 76 had involvement of N1 and N2 lymph nodes, and 52 had involvement of N2 lymph nodes only. Therefore, 52 of all 336 patients (15%) and 52 of 236 patients with lymph node involvement (22%) had noncontiguous lymph node spread. A review of the initial patient and tumor characteristics revealed that patients with a suggestion of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on preoperative computed tomography scans of the chest (compared with negative findings) and patients with T1 and T2 lesions (compared with T3 and T4) were more likely to have noncontiguous lymph node spread; the odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) were 2.18 (1.01–4.71) and 2.82 (1.36–5.84), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Noncontiguous involvement of thoracic lymph nodes occurred in approximately 15% of patients who had complete surgical resection of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. This factor suggests that lack of involvement of N1 lymph nodes does not rule out mediastinal involvement and provides important information for complete surgical staging. Cancer 1999;86:1159–64. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Use of thiocarbamides as selective substrate probes for isoforms of flavin-containing monooxygenases.

Abstract The oxidation of thiourea, phenylthiourea, 1,3-diphenylthiourea, 1,3-bis-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-2-thiourea and 1,1-dibenzyl-3-phenyl-2-thiourea was measured in reactions catalyzed by purified pig liver flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO-1) and by microsomal fractions isolated from pig, guinea pig, chicken, rat and rabbit tissues. The reactions, followed by measuring substrate-dependent thiocholine oxidation [Guo and Ziegler, Anal Biochem 198 : 143–148, 1991], were carried out in the presence of 2 mM 1-benzylimidazole to minimize potential interference from reactions other than those catalyzed by isoforms of the flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). While at saturating substrate concentrations the V max for purified FMO-1 catalyzed oxidation of all five thiocarbamides was essentially constant, velocities for the microsomal catalyzed reactions varied not only with tissue and species but also with the van der Waals' surface area of the thiocarbamide. Rat liver, rat kidney and rabbit liver microsomes failed to catalyze detectable oxidation of thiocarbamides larger than 1,3-diphenylthiourea and lung microsomes from a female rabbit only accepted substrates smaller than 1,3-diphenylthiourea. On the other hand, liver microsomes from chickens, pigs and guinea pigs catalyzed the oxidation of larger thiocarbamides, but the rates decreased with increasing substrate size and chicken liver microsomes showed no detectable activity with the largest thiocarbamide tested. To define more precisely the parameters affecting thiocarbamide substrate specificity of microsomal preparations, activities present in detergent extracts of guinea pig liver microsomes were separated into three distinct fractions. The substrate specificities of these partially purified fractions were different and consistent with the difference observed with microsomal catalyzed reactions. This strongly suggests that thiocarbamides that differ in size may be useful probes for measuring the number of activities of FMO isoforms in crude tissue preparations.
Lubricant Performance in Magnetic Thin Film Disks With Carbon Overcoat—Part II: Durability

Several perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants are evaluated in terms of their ability to maintain low friction and resist wear. The lubricants tested include three nonpolar liquid lubricants and one polar liquid lubricant. Dynamic friction measurements are presented for an IBM 3380-type slider in contact with 130 mm carbon-coated thin film disks
Multiple scattering at surface critical points

Using methods of conformai field theory, we develop a theory of multiple scattering at surface critical points and apply it to the case of low energy electron diffraction (LEED). An explicit general expression for the scattering intensity near a superstructure beam at a phase transition in the Ising universality class is obtained. The dependence on long range effects, due to critical fluctuations, and short range effects that depend on scattering conditions and certain field theoretic quantities are separated. We evaluate the beam center intensity via an s-wave model calculation to determine the main features and dependencies, in particular the conditions under which the IV curves (intensity versus electron energy) at criticality are significantly different from the well-ordered (low temperature) state.
THz spectra of formyl fluoride, HFCO

Abstract Formyl fluoride, HFCO, has been observed as an impurity in the terahertz spectrum of COF 2 . Ground state and ν 5 HFCO features were initially assigned based on the work of Wong et al. [M. Wong, J.W.C. Johns, A.R.W. McKellar, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 94 (1982) 79] and Xu et al. [Yunjie Xu, J.W.C. Johns, A.R.W. McKellar, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 168 (1994) 147.] A combined fit of the data reported in these references with the new rotational data reported in this work has resulted in a more extensive set of parameters for the ground and ν 5 states.
Continuous-Flow Bioseparation Using Microfabricated Anisotropic Nanofluidic Sieving Structures

The anisotropic nanofluidic-filter (nanofilter) array (ANA) is a unique molecular-sieving structure for separating biomolecules. In this protocol we describe the fabrication of planar and vertical ANA chips and how to perform continuous-flow bioseparation using them. This protocol is most useful for bioengineers who are interested in developing automated multistep chip-based bioanalysis systems and assumes previous cleanroom microfabrication knowledge. The ANA consists of a two-dimensional periodic nanofilter array, and the designed structural anisotropy of ANA causes different-sized or charged biomolecules to follow distinct trajectories under applied electric fields, leading to efficient continuous-flow separation. Using microfluidic channels surrounding the ANA, the fractionated biomolecule streams are collected and routed to different fluid channels or reservoirs for convenient sample recovery and downstream bioanalysis. The ANA is physically robust and can be reused repeatedly. Compared with the conventional gel-based separation techniques, ANA offers the potential for faster separation, higher throughput and more convenient sample recovery.
Accelerated replicative senescence of medial smooth muscle cells derived from abdominal aortic aneurysms compared to the adjacent inferior mesenteric artery.

Background. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are associated with aging and atherosclerosis. AAAs arise through a degenerative process characterized in part by depletion of medial smooth muscle cells (SMC), suggesting that generalized aging and SMC senescence represent potential mechanisms contributing to aneurysmal degeneration. It is not yet known whether SMC from AAA tissue exhibit a difference in proliferative capacity compared to SMC from nonaneurysmal vessels or to what extent such differences might be due to aging alone or other patient-specific factors. Materials and methods. Aneurysm wall tissues were obtained from 15 patients undergoing AAA repair. In each case, a segment of the adjacent (nonaneurysmal) inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) from the same patient was used as a control. Paired AAA- and IMA-derived SMC strains were obtained by explant techniques and their proliferative capacities were compared during serial passage in culture. Results. Sustainable SMC cultures were established from all IMA explants but from only 9 of 15 AAAs (P < 0.05). The interval required to achieve primary explant growth was longer for AAAs than IMAs (16.4 ± 2 vs 6.4 ± 1 days; P < 0.001), but it was unrelated to patient age, gender, or aneurysm size. AAA-derived SMC appeared larger and rounder than the corresponding IMA-derived SMC, even after repeated passage in culture, and their maximal proliferation was reduced by 44.2 ± 8% (n = 5 pairs, P < 0.05). Serum-stimulated [3H]thymidine uptake in AAA-derived SMC was also reduced by 54.9 ± 7% (n = 5 pairs, P < 0.01), but flow cytometry revealed no differences in SMC viability, apoptosis, or necrosis. While IMA-derived SMC continued to proliferate beyond passage 20 during serial subculture, all AAA-derived SMC developed replicative senescence by passage 12. Conclusions. AAA-derived SMC exhibit a distinct morphologic appearance in culture, a diminished proliferative capacity compared to SMC from the adjacent IMA, and a limited in vitro life span. These differences reflect an intrinsic alteration in SMC growth capacity independent of age alone. Tissue-specific processes leading to accelerated replicative senescence may therefore contribute to the selective medial SMC depletion observed in AAAs.
Effects of heat, noise, and provocation on retaliatory evaluative behavior.

Summary Eighty male American college students were either provoked or not provoked by a male E while experiencing ambient temperatures of either 70–74°F (21–23°C) or 93–97°F (33–35°C) and noise levels of either 55 dB(A) or 95 dB(A). Ss then made potentially retaliatory evaluations of the E. Although noise did not affect evaluations of the E, provoked Ss in the high heat condition made the most negative retaliatory evaluations.
Memorial Comparisons without the "Mind's Eye"

Subjects compared pairs of nonconcrete and nonimageable words along a dimension which has no physical analog—the Evaluative dimension of the semantic differential. Their reaction time to do so was an inverse logarithmic function of the difference between the numerical “goodness” values they had assigned to the words. This result held in both a finite set (Experiment 1) and an infinite set (Experiment 2) paradigm, thus precluding the possibility that only ordinal or rank-order information was used. In addition, the distance effect was apparent regardless of whether an individual's magnitude estimates were normative or idiosyncratic. Further, the serial position and semantic congruity effects obtained in both experiments mirrored those which are typically found when imageable items and/or dimensions are used in this task. These data constrain the use of analog representational structures as constructs underlying the relationship between symbolic distance and reaction time.
Sex differences in the maintenance of immunologic tolerance to endogenous nucleic acid antigens and the prevention of murine lupus nephritis

Abstract The prevention of murine lupus nephritis by the induction of immunologic tolerance to nucleic acid antigens was further studied in a second strain of BWf 1 mice. Various treatment schedules with nucleoside-isologous IgG (tolerogen) or isologous IgG alone were used in both male and female BWf 1 mice. In both sexes continuous tolerogen administration appears to give the optimum therapeutic result. Administration of the carrier alone (isologous IgG) had a transient effect on survival. A sex difference for the therapeutic response was observed: Males respond better than females in terms of survival rate and prevention of the nephritis. Whereas tolerance to denatured DNA was induced in both male and female, the breaking of tolerance to endogenous nucleic acid antigens occurs earlier in females than males. Since autoimmune disease can be understood as the natural breakdown of immunologic tolerance to autologous antigens, the above observation might be critical in explaining the overwhelming incidence of systemic lupus in females.
An Empirical Exploration of Spirituality and Religiousness in Addiction Treatment

Abstract There is relatively little known about the relationship between spirituality and religiosity and substance abuse treatment. The literature tends to be divided concerning the scope and nature of the role of spirituality and religion in treatment for addictions. This study compared the clients of three different programs in a pretest-posttest design to determine if spirituality and religiosity changed significantly throughout the course of treatment. The results demonstrated little change in treatment though there were significant differences between the different treatment modalities.
Science commissioning of JWST: applying Hubble's lessons to the Webb

The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) has the primary role for planning and executing the science program for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). It also has a lead role, in support of the Prime Contractor, in planning and carrying out the science instrument commissioning program designed to enable, post-launch, the start of Observatory science. In this paper, we address planning principles and operational lessons stemming from our Hubble experience and show how those principles and lessons are being applied to the science commissioning plans for the JWST Observatory. In doing so, we contrast JWST's expected early-life operations with Hubble's post-servicing performance, and address any adjustments needed in our HST principles and lessons in order to effectively apply them to the specific challenges of JWST science commissioning.
MonkeySNP: a web portal for non-human primate single nucleotide polymorphisms

Summary: MonkeySNP is a web-based resource created by the Genetic Resource and Informatics Program at the Oregon National Primate Research Center to facilitate access to non-human primate (NHP) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) data. MonkeySNP is a mirror of the NCBI dbSNP database and contains additional NHP subpopulation genotype data and visual genotype displays to support SNP review and selection. Availability: http://monkeysnp.ohsu.edu/snp/ Contact: ude.usho@cyabud Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Popularity or proclivity?: revisiting agent heterogeneity in network formation

Agent-based modeling (ABM) approach is used to reassess the Barabasi-Albert (BA) model, the classical algorithm used to describe the emergent mechanism of scale-free networks. This approach allows for the incorporation of agent heterogeneity which is rarely considered in BA model and its extended models. The authors argue that, in social networks, people's intention to connect is not only affected by popularity, but also strongly affected by the extent of similarity. The authors propose that in forming social networks, agents are constantly balancing between instrumental and intrinsic preferences. The proposed model allows for varying the weighting of instrumental and intrinsic preferences on the agents attachment choices. The authors also find that changing preferences of individuals can lead to significant deviations from power-law degree distribution. Given the importance of intrinsic consideration in social networking, the findings emerged from this study is conducive to future studies of social networks.
N,N,N‐Tris[(1‐benzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl]amine (TBTA)

[510758-28-8] C30H30N10 (MW 530.63) InChI = 1S/C30H30N10/c1-4-10-25(11-5-1)16-38-22-28(31-34-38)19-37(20-29-23-39(35-32-29)17-26-12-6-2-7-13-26)21-30-24-40(36-33-30)18-27-14-8-3-9-15-27/h1-15,22-24H,16-21H2 InChIKey = WKGZJBVXZWCZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as an accelerating ligand in Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions) Physical Data: mp 146–148 °C.1 Solubility: sol most organic solvents; low solubility in highly polar solvents, almost insoluble in water. Form Supplied in: fluffy, white solid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: keep stored in a cool, dry place. Recommended storage temperature is −20 °C. May be harmful if inhaled; may cause respiratory tract irritation; may be harmful if absorbed through skin; may cause skin irritation; may cause eye irritation; may be harmful if swallowed.2
Child Access Prevention Laws and Nonfatal Gun Injuries

Many states have passed child access prevention (CAP) laws, which hold the gun owner responsible if a child gains access to a gun that is not securely stored. Previous research on CAP laws has focused exclusively on gun-related deaths even though most gun injuries are not fatal. We use annual hospital discharge data to investigate whether CAP laws are associated with decreased nonfatal gun injuries. Results from Poisson regressions that control for various hospital, county, and state characteristics, including state-specific fixed effects and time trends, indicate that CAP laws are associated with reductions in nonfatal gun injuries among children under age 18. Our results are bolstered by the absence of effects on other outcomes such as self-inflicted gun injuries among adults and nongun self-inflicted injuries.
The Elusive Enclave: Ethnicity, Class, and Nationality among Latino Entrepreneurs in Greater Washington, DC

In much of the social science literature on immigrant entrepreneurship and ethnic enclaves, social solidarity among coethnics is assumed rather than substantiated. Immigrants are portrayed as constituting ethnic communities based on organic solidarity with little of the asymmetry, exploitation, and individualism characterizing the host society. This study of Latino entrepreneurs in Greater Washington, DC insists that rather than assuming the existence of social solidarity among immigrants, it is best to delineate those historical, social, and cultural factors which facilitate or impede its development. Among those factors which have constrained the creation of social solidarity and an ethnic enclave among Washington, DC's Latinos is the existence of marked divisions based on social class and nationality. In contrast to prevailing views, this study concludes that the forging of ethnic solidarity is not at all an easy accomplishment nor is it necessarily desired by all immigrants.
Type 2 Gaucher disease: the collodion baby phenotype revisited

The association of Gaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (EC 3.2.1.45), and congenital ichthyosis was first noted a decade ago. Subsequently, a null allele type 2 Gaucher mouse was generated that also exhibited ichthyotic skin, confirming that the skin disorder and enzyme deficiency were directly related. This paper details the clinical and molecular characterisation of 6 cases of type 2 Gaucher disease presenting with the collodion baby phenotype. The identified mutant glucocerebrosidase alleles include two novel mutations (S196P and R131L) and two rare point mutations (R120W and R257Q), as well as alleles resulting from recombination with the nearby glucocerebrosidase pseudogene. There is significant genotypic heterogeneity in this rare subset of patients with type 2 Gaucher disease. Gaucher disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital ichthyosis in the newborn period.
Inherent volt-second balancing of magnetic devices in zero-voltage switched power converters

Small mismatches in inductor-applied volt-seconds may arise in power converters due to asymmetries in circuit parasitics or modulation waveforms. These small mismatches can have significant impact on circuit operation, including the saturation of magnetic components, loss of regulation, and decrease in converter efficiency. Various auxiliary circuits and control methods have been developed to prevent volt-second imbalances from being applied to magnetic components. In this work, an inherent feedback specific to Zero-Voltage Switched (ZVS) converters is examined which automatically compensates for volt-second mismatch. A closed-form linearized relation between volt-second mismatch and inductor current offset is derived. This relation is then verified through simulation and experimental results using two prototype circuits comprised of an inductively loaded full-bridge and a dual active bridge (DAB) converter.
THE EFFECT OF DEUTERIUM OXIDE ON VIRUS‐HOST INTERACTION*

The effect of D/sub 2/O on the growth of E. coli and a number of mammalian stable cell lines has been investigated. As the D/sub 2/O concentration was increased, the cells of all the species tested appeared larger, showed an increase in water content and dry weight, and had a slower growth rate. Cytological investigations showed an increase in the number of multinucleated cells and a moderate increase in sudanophilic material. In general, cells grown in D/sub 2/O exhibited cytological characteristics similar to those observed in giant cells produced by irradiation. The effect of D/sub 2/O on bacteriophage replication was examined. The burst size of T5 was somewhat reduced in deuterated E. coli, but the burst size of T7 was significantly increased. These differences might be explained by the fact that whereas the bulk of T5 DNA is derived from the medium, most of the T7 DNA is derived from the host. With increased size of the host, more DNA and protein production might be expected. Whether or not deuteration causes an inhibition of the uptake of various substrates from the medium is under investigation. Studies of the multiplication of poliovirus in deuterated HeLa and monkey kidney cells also showedmore » a marked incresse in burst size. A possible variant of CHAT (attenuated type 1 poliovirus) was isolated from virus progeny grown in deuterated monkey kidney cells. The reason for the increased burst size in deuterated cells is not clear at the present time. Similar increases in burst size were observed in studies of viral replication in x ray treated giant cells. It is possible that the enlargement of cells grown in D/sub 2/O is the underlying factor in the observed increase of poliovirus burst size. (auth)« less
Oxidative damage to neutrophils in glutathione synthetase deficiency.

Summary. Several episodes of neutropenia were observed in a child with glutathione synthetase deficiency (5-oxoprolinuria). Studies of the patient's glutathione-deficient neutrophils were undertaken to examine the responses of the cells to oxidative stress associated with phagocytosis. The patient's neutrophils contained 10–20% of normal glutathione content. Circulating neutrophils in infection-free periods appeared less mature than normal by morphologic criteria, suggesting increased cell turnover. The cells ingested particles, responded to chemotactic stimuli, and oxidized 1-14C glucose normally. However, following ingestion of particles, the cells accumulated excess hydrogen peroxide compared with normal cells, and showed impaired protein iodination and bacterial killing. Electron micrographs revealed damage to microtubules and membranous structures in the patient's neutrophils during phagocytosis. The level of glutathione in the cells appears inadequate to protect against peroxide generated during normal cell function, and the cells are thus damaged and rendered less effective in bacterial killing. The data provide evidence for a protective role of glutathione in normal neutrophil function.
“A scientist, a nematode and a duck are sitting in a bar...”

A scientist, a deep sea nematode and a duck are sitting in a bar. The scientist turns to the nematode and asks: “How is it you can survive on the sea floor under kilometers of water where the press...
A VLSI chip set for a multiprocessor workstation. II. A memory management unit and cache controller

For pt.I see ibid., vol.24, no.6, p.1688-98 (1989). The authors describe a memory management unit and a cache controller (MMU/CC) for a 40-70-MIPS multiprocessor workstation. The MMU/CC implements a novel memory management scheme, in-cache address translation, which does not require a translation lookaside buffer. It also implements a snooping bus protocol to maintain data consistency across all caches in the system. The chip is implemented in a 1.6- mu m double-layer-metal CMOS technology and is being used in a multiprocessor workstation (SPUR) successfully executing a UNIX-like network-based operating system called Sprite as well as many applications, including LISP programs. >
Some Guidelines for Managing Charitable Assets from Conversions

Insight into the conversion process raises questions of public involvement, mission, tax status, hoard composition, and conflict of interest for newly formed conversion foundations.
Activity and Chronic Disease

The decrease in death rates due to advances in medical science and public health have helped more people live longer and thereby increased the prevalence of chronic diseases. The “graying” of America will focus greater attention on geriatric disorders.
Postnatal Developmental Trajectories of Neural Circuits in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex: Identifying Sensitive Periods for Vulnerability to Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a disorder of cognitive neurodevelopment with characteristic abnormalities in working memory attributed, at least in part, to alterations in the circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Various environmental exposures from conception through adolescence increase risk for the illness, possibly by altering the developmental trajectories of prefrontal cortical circuits. Macaque monkeys provide an excellent model system for studying the maturation of prefrontal cortical circuits. Here, we review the development of glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic circuits in macaque monkey prefrontal cortex and discuss how these trajectories may help to identify sensitive periods during which environmental exposures, such as those associated with increased risk for schizophrenia, might lead to the types of abnormalities in prefrontal cortical function present in schizophrenia.
Renal excretion of water, sodium and chloride; comparison of the responses of hypertensive patients with those of normal subjects, patients with specific adrenal or pituitary defects, and a normal subject primed with various hormones.

There has long been interest in the possibility that a relationship exists between essential hypertension and those endocrine aberrations that involve the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal cortex. This paper represents an attempt to study these relationships indirectly by an examination of the manner in which the kidneys of patients with these various diseases handle water, sodium, and chloride.
Exploratory analysis of the BioAssay Network with implications to therapeutic discovery

Despite intense investment growth and technology development, there is an observed bottleneck in drug discovery and development over the past decade. NIH started the Molecular Libraries Initiative (MLI) in 2004 to enlarge the pool for potential drug targets, especially from the “undruggable” part of human genome, and potential drug candidates from much broader types of drug-like small molecules. In this paper we used the concepts of network biology to integrate MLI data with other biological databases such as DrugBank and UniHI, and evaluated the potential of MLI target proteins being new drug targets. Our analysis provided some measures of the value of the MLI data as a resource for both basic chemical biology research and future therapeutic discovery.
Introduction to Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation

This initial editorial of the premiere issue of Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation (CORE) serves as a foundational description of the journal. Specifically, the editor provides a rationale ...
Religiosity and Ethical Behavior in Organizations: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

Claims that religion can influence ethical behavior in business are plausible to many people but problematic in light of existing research. Our analysis indicates that religious role expectations, internalized as a religious self-identity, can influence ethical behavior. However, relationships of religious role expectations to behavior are moderated by religious identity salience and religious motivational orientation. We conclude by discussing the influence of organizational context on religious identity salience and the need for innovative and interdisciplinary empirical research on religion and ethical behavior in organizations.
Constitutive modeling of the mechanics associated with crystallizable shape memory polymers

Shape memory polymers are novel materials that can be easily formed into complex shapes, retaining memory of their original shape even after undergoing large deformations. The temporary shape is stable and return to the original shape is triggered by a suitable mechanism such as heating. In this paper, we develop constitutive equations to model the mechanical behavior of crystallizable shape memory polymers. Crystallizable shape memory polymers are called crystallizable because the temporary shape is fixed by a crystalline phase, while return to the original shape is due to the melting of this crystalline phase. The modeling is done using a framework that was developed recently for studying crystallization in polymers ([28], [25], [27], [31]) and is based on the theory of multiple natural configurations. In this paper we formulate constitutive equations for the original amorphous phase and the semi-crystalline phase that is formed after the onset of crystallization. In addition we model the melting of the crystalline phase to capture the return of the polymer to its original shape. The model has been used to simulate a typical uni-axial cycle of deformation, the results of this simulation compare very well with experimental data. In addition to this we also simulate circular shear of a hollow cylinder and present results for different cases in this geometry.
Linearized smooth additive classifiers

We consider a framework for learning additive classifiers based on regularized empirical risk minimization, where the regularization favors "smooth" functions. We present representations of classifiers for which the optimization problem can be efficiently solved. The first family of such classifiers are derived from a penalized spline formulation due to Eilers and Marx, which is modified to enabled linearization. The second is a novel family of classifiers that are based on classes of orthogonal basis functions with othogonal derivatives. Both these families lead to explicit feature embeddings that can be used with off-the-shelf linear solvers such as LIBLINEAR to obtain additive classifiers. The proposed family of classifiers offer better trade-offs between training time, memory overhead and classifier accuracy, compared to the state-of-the-art in additive classifier training.
Collective communication: theory, practice, and experience

SUMMARY We discuss the design and high-performance implementation of collective communications operations on distributed-memory computer architectures. Using a combination of known techniques (many of which were first proposed in the 1980s and early 1990s) along with careful exploitation of communication modes supported by MPI, we have developed implementations that have improved performance in most situations compared to those currently supported by public domain implementations of MPI such as MPICH. Performance results from a large Intel Xeon/Pentium 4 (R) processor cluster are included.
Inhibition of the kinase Csk in thymocytes reveals a requirement for actin remodeling in the initiation of full TCR signaling

Signaling via the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is initiated by Src-family kinases (SFKs). To understand how the kinase Csk, a negative regulator of SFKs, controls the basal state and the initiation of TCR signaling, we generated mice that express a Csk variant sensitive to an analog of the common kinase inhibitor PP1 (Csk(AS)). Inhibition of Csk(AS) in thymocytes, without engagement of the TCR, induced potent activation of SFKs and proximal TCR signaling up to phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1). Unexpectedly, increases in inositol phosphates, intracellular calcium and phosphorylation of the kinase Erk were impaired. Altering the actin cytoskeleton pharmacologically or providing costimulation via CD28 'rescued' those defects. Thus, Csk has a critical role in preventing TCR signaling. However, our studies also revealed a requirement for actin remodeling, initiated by costimulation, for full TCR signaling.
An Examination Of The Current State Of Accounting Information Systems Education

This paper reviews several factors that drive the need for a closer examination of accounting information systems (AIS) education and provides an assessment of the current state of AIS education in the US. The assessment draws from two separate sets of guidelines for AIS education, published by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and Information Systems Audit and Control Association. These guidelines are used because they were developed by professionals in the field, with input from academics, and represent publicly available, coherent attempts to identify a body of AIS knowledge for accountants and auditors. We surveyed undergraduate and masters programs offered in all accounting departments with separate AACSB-accounting accreditation. Our survey found very few degree programs or concentrations in AIS as well as a considerable amount of diversity among existing programs. Consistent with Christensen’s innovation dilemma (1997), we speculate that the traditional absence of a focused, coherent attempt to develop and promote accounting information systems as an academic discipline may be one of the critical factors that contributes to the slow diffusion of AIS programs in business schools
Bile salt hydrophobicity controls vesicle secretion rates and transformations in native bile.

After drainage of the bile salt pool, we infused unanesthetized bile fistula prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) intravenously with taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholate (TCDC), cholate (TC), ursodeoxycholate (TUDC), and ursocholate (TUC) in concentrations that attained greater than 94% enrichment of biliary bile salts. With decreases in bile salt hydrophobicity, maximum steady state lecithin and to a lesser extent cholesterol secretion rates decreased in the rank order, TCDC greater than TC greater than TUDC greater than TUC. By phase analysis, TCDC-rich and TC-rich biles plotted inside their respective micellar zones, whereas TUDC-rich and TUC-rich biles plotted outside and were so-called "supersaturated" with cholesterol. Quasi-elastic light scattering and electron microscopy, when performed within 30 min of collection, revealed unilamellar vesicles in all biles. By 24 h, vesicles in TCDC-rich and TC-rich biles had dissolved into mixed micelles, whereas vesicles in TUDC-rich biles formed mixed micelles plus multilamellar liquid crystals, and vesicles in TUC-rich biles formed multilamellar liquid crystals exclusively. Because cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratios of multilamellar liquid crystals were less than or equal to 1, cholesterol monohydrate crystals did not form in these biles. We conclude that, despite drastic alterations in bile salt detergency, unilamellar vesicles are the final common pathway for lecithin and cholesterol secretion into bile. During equilibration of bile, the fate of unilamellar vesicles may be micellar, micellar plus liquid crystalline, or liquid crystalline only depending on the detergency (i.e., hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance) of the secreted bile salt.
Morphology and Histology of the Reproductive System of the Imported Fire Ant Queen, Solenopsis saevissima richteri

The reproductive system of the fire ant queen consists of the ovaries, the oviducts, a spermathecal duct, spermatheca, spermathecal glands, uterus, vagina, bursa, and vulva. Although this system is similar to that of many insects, numerous differences are reported. Follicle sizes within the ovarioles show abrupt changes between the proximal and distal regions of the vitellarium. These follicles are followed by nurse cells which increase in size with the growth and development of the oocyte. In the enlarged calyx are found numerous flagellumlike structures which arise from papillae throughout most of the calyx lumen. These structures are lacking on the ventral wall of the calyx and throughout the rest of the oviduct. A muscular fold exists on the floor of the uterus, similar to that found in the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. The significance of this fold is discussed. The spermathecal duct arises anterior to a dorsoventrally elongated uterus and is supported by a rigid and. modified cylindrical structure immediately anterior to its junction with the spermatheca. A uterine pouch exists above the junction of uterus with spermathecal duct. Most of the lining of the reproductive system is simple columnar epithelium, although some of the cells become cuboidal, pseudostratified, and even squamous in various regions. Surrounding the epithelial lining throughout most of the reproductive system are layers of striated muscle. A membranous intima is found within the lumen of the posteriormost regions of the system.
Exercise Self-Efficacy Moderates the Relation between Anxiety Sensitivity and Body Mass Index and Exercise Tolerance in Treatment-Seeking Smokers.

There is little known about factors that contribute to the comorbidity of cigarette smoking and obesity. The current study sought to test whether exercise self-efficacy moderated the relation between anxiety sensitivity (fear of internal sensations) and BMI and exercise tolerance among cigarette smokers. Smokers (n = 72; 50% female; Mcpd = 19.3, SD = 10.65) were recruited to participate in a smoking cessation treatment trial. During medical screen, we measured weight, height, and exercise tolerance (functional capacity) employing a standardized maximal exercise testing protocol. After adjusting for participant sex and cigarettes per day, exercise self-efficacy moderated the association between anxiety sensitivity and BMI, such that the positive association between anxiety sensitivity and BMI was significantly stronger when exercise self-efficacy was low. The same pattern of results emerged for exercise tolerance. Exercise self-efficacy moderated the association between anxiety sensitivity and exercise tolerance, such that the negative association between anxiety sensitivity and exercise tolerance was significantly stronger when exercise self-efficacy was low. Among smokers, anxiety sensitivity may be a risk variable that, directly and indirectly in the context of low self-efficacy for exercise, causes or maintains higher body weight and lower exercise tolerance.
From Silence to #WhyIStayed: Locating Our Stories and Finding Our Voices

Domestic violence is a serious public health issue in the United States. In the digital age, social media platforms like Twitter provide users with the opportunity to anonymously share short, 140-character narratives. Following the Ray Rice domestic violence scandal, thousands of women took to Twitter to share their abuse stories using the hashtag #WhyIStayed. Building on existing domestic violence research, we conduct what is, to our knowledge, the first assessment of women utilizing Twitter to share their lived experiences with abusive relationships and reasons for staying. Findings revealed four themes: (lack of) resources, responsibility for abuse, fear, and gender-linked power. The results suggest that Twitter functions as a space where women can share lived experiences about domestic violence, which then fosters discussion about a stigmatized topic. Thus, Twitter functions as a connective mechanism where women can understand the lived experiences of domestic violence and access a large community whe...
Influences of annual weather variability on vernal pool plant abundance and community composition

Abstract Vernal pools, also termed temporary wetlands, promote key ecosystem services such as floodwater retention and provide unique habitat for many organisms. Despite their ecological value, vernal pools are declining worldwide. Because vernal pools are strongly influenced by variation in annual precipitation that fills the pools, climate change and alterations in precipitation regimes could drastically alter these fragile communities. To understand how annual variation in precipitation and temperature affect vernal pool plant community composition, we examined vernal pool vegetation data collected over a 10 year period. We used native and non-native plant frequencies to explore the dynamics between species frequency and weather variability. We further analyzed fine-scale site topography to explore the effects of spatial variability on ponding. We identified key differences between native and non-native plant species’ responses to weather variability and ponding. Over all, most native species tended to respond positively to precipitation accumulations in the early growing season, but some native species frequencies were negatively associated with precipitation accumulations in the late growing season. Some non-native species were negatively associated with increases in precipitation in either the early or late growing season. Inundation appears to act as an ecological filter, impairing the establishment of some non-native species. In addition, elevation was a predictor of ponding—lower elevation pools tended to have higher clay concentrations and promote greater ponding depths, which could enhance the effects of the inundation filter. Together, these findings will assist conservation and management efforts in understanding the climatic and physical factors that influence vernal pool plant community ecology.
A Cloud You Can Wear: Towards a Mobile and Wearable Personal Cloud

Mobile and wearable devices provide the expected user experience and the ability to run complex applications using cloud based services. This makes the design of such wearable devices complex, expensive, and with major data privacy concerns. In this paper, we present the concept of a wearable cloud -- a complete yet compact and lightweight cloud which can be embedded into the clothing of a user. The wearable cloud makes the design of mobile and wearable devices simple, inexpensive, and lightweight, tapping into the resources of the wearable cloud. We introduce five wearable cloud service delivery models including a prototype implementation of the wearable cloud and a cheap touchscreen terminal device. The paper presents experimental results on the usability of the wearable cloud based on energy consumption and application performance.
HEALER: POMDP Planning for Scheduling Interventions among Homeless Youth (Demonstration)

Adaptive software agents like HEALER have been proposed in the literature recently to recommend intervention plans to homeless shelter officials. However, generating networks for HEALER's input is challenging. Moreover, HEALER's solutions are often counter-intuitive to people. This demo paper makes two contributions. First, we demonstrate HEALER's Facebook application, which parses the Facebook contact lists in order to construct an approximate social network for HEALER. Second, we present a software interface to run human subject experiments (HSE) to understand human biases in recommendation of intervention plans. We plan to use data collected from these HSEs to build an explanation system for HEALER's solutions.
Produce Intake is Lower in Food Insecure, Compared to Food Secure, Mothers of Young Children and Using Family Resource Centre Services on Prince Edward Island

ABSTRACTThe study examined differences in produce intake by food security status of adult mothers aged 18 and older with young children living on Prince Edward Island (PEI) and using Family Resource Centre services. Validated measures of household adult food security and produce intake/related behaviors were utilized. Participants (n = 282) were primarily white (n = 262, 92.9%) and married (n = 164, 58.2%). Age ranged from 18 to 53 years (30 ± 5 years, n = 280). Regarding household adult food security (n = 281), 168 (59.6%) experienced food security during the previous 12 months, and 113 (40.1%) experienced food insecurity (food insecure–marginal [n = 29, 10.3%]; food insecure–moderate [n = 46, 16.4%]; food insecure–severe [n = 38, 13.5%]). Total produce (P < .001), fruit (P < .001), and vegetable (P = .001) differed by household adult food security; mothers who experienced severe food insecurity consumed less total produce than food secure or food insecure–moderate mothers by 1.8 and 1.3 servings daily, ...