cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Urban African American Youths' Exposure to Community Violence Through a Daily Sampling Method

Objective: The traditional use of retrospective self-report to measure exposure to community violence over long periods of time has limitations overcome by an approach described here. This article explores an innovative approach in assessing community violence exposure with time-sampling methodology, where reporting occurs within daily accounts to provide a more immediate measure of community violence exposure. Method: Data were collected over 1 week from 169 urban African American young adolescents (M age 11.7 years, SD .70, 62% female) using questionnaires and the Daily Sampling Method, a diary technique that captures a child’s daily accounts of community violence exposure (DCVE). Results: Analyses revealed youth experienced 841 total violent incidents, or close to 1 daily incident per youth for the week. As expected, the majority of incidents occurred between 3 p.m. and 8 p.m., and in public settings. Unexpectedly, higher rates of both victimization and witnessing occurred during weekdays compared with weekend days, and girls reported significantly more DCVE than boys. The DCVE provide a unique glimpse into the more immediate experience of life in high-risk neighborhoods. Conclusion: This study underscores the need to measure DCVE in ways that address the daily experience of youth living in high-risk environments. By identifying timing and location of exposure, we can develop interventions to keep youth safer from violence exposure.
Student Level II Fieldwork Failure: Strategies for Intervention

Objective This report describes how common student communicative and behavioral characteristics that appear to predict the existence of potential problems during Level II fieldwork were identified in order to develop and implement preventative interventions during the academic curriculum at New York University (NYU). RECORD REVIEW: A record review of NYU professional-level occupational therapy students from 1986 to 1995 was completed to identify common factors among students who performed well academically but failed clinical fieldwork. Eight communicative and behavioral characteristics were identified: (a) rigidity of thinking, (b) discomfort with the ambiguity that accompanies clinical reasoning, (c) lack of psychological insight, (d) difficulty interpreting feedback, (e) externalization of responsibility, (f) difficulty learning from mistakes, (g) discomfort with the physical handling of patients, and (h) dependence on external measures for self-esteem. Intervention On the basis of the identified characteristics, five intervention strategies were adopted: (a) academic seminars that address professional behavior and interpersonal skills, (b) faculty feedback to students regarding problematic behaviors, (c) clinician and senior student counseling with identified students, (d) student remediation programs consisting of community service, and (e) student learning contracts based on specific behavioral objectives. These strategies were administered before Level II fieldwork to 10 students in the 1996 class who exhibited the characteristics indicative of potential fieldwork failure. Outcome Of the 10 students in the 1996 class, 7 passed fieldwork without further difficulty, two failed fieldwork midterm assessments but went on to achieve passing final evaluations, and one failed the final fieldwork assessment but passed an additional third fieldwork experience. The class of 1996, which was the first to receive formal intervention designed to decrease fieldwork failure, demonstrated lower fieldwork failure rates than did all other classes in the past 10 years.
Critical appraisal of piping phenomena in earth dams

This paper presents a comprehensive review of published literature on soil piping phenomena. The first tools to design earth dams to resist piping were developed during 1910–1935. Filter criteria for dispersive soils was refined in the 1970’s. Piping phenomena are generally defined as: (1) heave, (2) internal erosion, (3) backwards erosion, although other modes are possible. Recent work on piping highlights the limitations of the occurrence of piping and the role that design and construction may play in a large percentage of piping failures. Standardized laboratory procedures are available to assess piping potential in cohesive materials, but no such methods exist for non-cohesive soils. However, methods are available for evaluation of self-filtration potential. Recent advances in computer technology have facilitated the evaluation of seepage and deformation in embankments but computational methods for evaluation of piping potential are currently limited.
Dietary Variation within the Andean Lizard Clade Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae)

Proctoporus consists of six high-elevation lizard species distributed in the cloud forest and puna habitats of Peru and Bolivia. Proctoporus ecology is poorly understood despite a recent increase in phylogenetic research on the clade. To examine differences in diets among species, stomach contents of Proctoporus from 24 sites in central and southern Peru were analyzed, including individuals of all six species. Feeding niches were compared among the species, and differences caused by species, sex, age class, and body size were examined. Proctoporus ate prey items that were large in relation to lizard body size. Collectively, Proctoporus species had broad diets with 10 different arthropod orders represented. Beetles, ants, and spiders made up the largest proportions of diets. Diet overlap was high among species but did not appear to be directly connected to species relatedness. Sex and age class were not important determinants of diet. Despite the small body size and reclusive nature of Proctoporus lizards, they possess the ability to subdue and consume heterogeneous prey species.
Effects of a Solubility Enhancer on Penetration of Hydrophobic Component in Model Adhesives into Wet Demineralized Dentin

Aims The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a polymerizable solubility enhancer, poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) in BisGMA/HEMA model adhesives on adhesive phase separation, adhesive penetration and structural integrity of adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfaces.
Ethnic Variations in Perceptions of Men's Provider Role

Relatively little research has examined current perceptions of men's provider role in light of widespread support for women's employment. This study examined attitudes toward provider role enactmen...
Modeling Long-Distance Travel in Great Britain

Trips longer than 50 mi account for less than one-fortieth of all trips but nearly one-third of all distance traveled within Great Britain. Because of the small proportion of all travel that they form, long-distance trips may not be adequately represented in national databases and models. However, because they account for a substantial proportion of total distance traveled, particularly on motorways and rail, these trips are important for transport policy and have a substantial impact on congestion. Moreover, study of existing data indicates that travelers' behavior in long-distance journeys differs substantially from that in routine journeys. Not only is the set of available modes different, but the profile of travelers is also substantially different, with income playing an important role in both travel frequency and mode choice. In addition, model responsiveness and values of time vary significantly with journey length. For these reasons, treatment of the specific properties of long-distance travel is ...
Testing a Model of Durkheim’s Theory of Emotional Solidarity among Residents of a Tourism Community

The purpose of this study was to test the theoretical framework of emotional solidarity in seeking to better explain the dynamic, complex relationships existing between residents and tourists. Measurement and structural models pertaining to the framework were simultaneously estimated, both of which were deemed to have good model fit based on incremental and absolute model fit indices. Three antecedent constructs (i.e., shared beliefs, shared behavior, and interaction) were all found to be significant predictors of emotional solidarity, explaining approximately 33% of the variance in the construct. This work provides support for Durkheim’s theoretical framework and provides a gateway into future studies surrounding emotional solidarity.
A decade of capillary electrophoresis.

Since the introduction of the first commercial capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument a decade ago, CE applications have become widespread. Today, CE is a versatile analytical technique which is successfully used for the separation of small ions, neutral molecules, and large biomolecules and for the study of physicochemical parameters. It is being utilized in widely different fields, such as analytical chemistry, forensic chemistry, clinical chemistry, organic chemistry, natural products, pharamaceutical industry, chiral separations, molecular biology, and others. It is not only used as a separation technique but to answer physicochemical questions. In this review, we will discuss different modes of CE such as capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, and capillary electrochromatography, and will comment on the future direction of CE, including array capillary electrophoresis and array microchip separations.
Tissue glycogen levels in the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli: a possible adaptation to asphyxial hypoxia.

Glycogen contents of skeletal muscle, heart and brain cortex of fetal, month-old and adult Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli, were deter- mined. 2. Fetal, month-old and adult male levels ranged from 4"5 to 12-7, 9"1-13 and 1"5-1"8 mg glucose/g wet weight for muscle, heart and brain respectively. Pregnant female skeletal muscle levels were similar but heart and brain levels were 21.8 and 2"9 mg glucose/g wet weight respectively. 3. Heart and brain glycogen contents in the adult were two to three times those of other mammalian species, suggesting tissue storage for reliance on anaerobic glycolysis during episodes of diving asphyxia.
Genetic approaches to understanding post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is increasingly recognized as both a disorder of enormous mental health and societal burden, but also as an anxiety disorder that may be particularly understandable from a scientific perspective. Specifically, PTSD can be conceptualized as a disorder of fear and stress dysregulation, and the neural circuitry underlying these pathways in both animals and humans are becoming increasingly well understood. Furthermore, PTSD is the only disorder in psychiatry in which the initiating factor, the trauma exposure, can be identified. Thus, the pathophysiology of the fear and stress response underlying PTSD can be examined and potentially interrupted. Twin studies have shown that the development of PTSD following a trauma is heritable, and that genetic risk factors may account for up to 30–40% of this heritability. A current goal is to understand the gene pathways that are associated with PTSD, and how those genes act on the fear/stress circuitry to mediate risk vs. resilience for PTSD. This review will examine gene pathways that have recently been analysed, primarily through candidate gene studies (including neuroimaging studies of candidate genes), in addition to genome-wide associations and the epigenetic regulation of PTSD. Future and on-going studies are utilizing larger and collaborative cohorts to identify novel gene candidates through genome-wide association and other powerful genomic approaches. Identification of PTSD biological pathways strengthens the hope of progress in the mechanistic understanding of a model psychiatric disorder and allows for the development of targeted treatments and interventions.
GROWTH REGULATION OF rRNA CONTENT IN PROCHLOROCOCCUS AND SYNECHOCOCCUS (MARINE CYANOBACTERIA) MEASURED BY WHOLE‐CELL HYBRIDIZATION OF rRNA‐TARGETED PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACIDS1

The cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are important primary producers in marine ecosystems. Because currently available approaches for estimating microbial growth rates can be difficult to apply in the field, we have been exploring the feasibility of using quantitative rRNA measurements as the basis for making such estimates. In this study we examined the relationship between rRNA and growth rate in several Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus strains over a range of light-regulated growth rates. Whole-cell hybridization with fluorescently labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes was used in conjunction with flow cytometry to quantify rRNA on a per cell basis. This PNA probing technique allowed rRNA analysis in a phycoerythrin-containing Synechococcus strain (WH7803) and in a non-phycoerythrin-containing strain and in Prochlorococcus. All the strains showed a qualitatively similar tri-phasic relationship between rRNA.cell - 1 and growth rate, involving relatively little change in rRNA.cell - 1 at low growth rates, linear increase at intermediate growth rates, and a plateau and/or decrease at the highest growth rates. The onset of each phase was associated with the relative, rather than absolute, growth rate of each strain. In the Synechococcus strains, rRNA normalized to flow cytometrically measured forward angle light scatter (an indicator of size) was well-correlated with growth rate across strains. These findings support the idea that cellular rRNA may be useful as an indicator of in situ growth rate in natural Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus populations.
Influence of shading on the growth and leaf photosynthesis of the invasive non-indigenous plant garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb) Cavara and Grande) grown under simulated late-winter to mid-spring conditions

Abstract Myers, C. V., R. C. Anderson, and D. L. Byers (Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Section, 4120 Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120). Influence of shading on the growth and leaf photosynthesis of the invasive non-indigenous plant garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb) Cavara and Grande] grown under simulated late-winter to mid-spring conditions. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 1–10. 2005.—Plasticity in photosynthetic response to varied light conditions likely contributes to the successful spread and domination of eastern deciduous forest ground layers by the invasive, non-indigenous plant species Alliaria petiolata. We examined the effects of growing plants with no shading, or under 30% or 60% black shade cloth on leaf photosynthetic rates, maximum rates of leaf photosynthesis (Amax) and stomatal conductance (gSmax), light compensation point, above and below ground biomass, chlorophyll content and specific leaf mass of A. petiolata grown u...
An Integrated Business Core: Hindsight Evaluation And Recommendations

Over the last decade a number of business schools have developed integrated business programs. These programs have differed in a number of ways including the degree programs involved, the depth of the integration, and the pedagogy used to teach integrative concepts. Until recently there have been few studies published that have reported the effectiveness of these programs. A forthcoming study reports the results of an extensive analysis of a fully integrative business core program. The program has since been discontinued at this school. This paper provides a series of recommendations, based on the difficulties this school had with running and ultimately continuing their program.
The effects of gonadal hormones on learning and memory in male mammals: A review

The primary role of the gonadal steroid hormones in mammals is to regulate reproduction and related behaviors; however, both androgens and estrogens are also integrally involved in mediating higher brain function and processes including cognition, neural development, and neural plasticity. In particular, a number of studies show that estradiol modulates dendritic spine growth and synapse density (synaptic plasticity) in the hippocampus of females, and that increased estradiol levels are generally associated with improvements on a variety of learning and memory tasks. While the majority of research has focused on the beneficial effects of estradiol in females, much less attention has been given to testosterone and its effects on learning and memory in males. Similar to estradiol titers in females, testosterone titers in males decline with age, albeit more gradually, and this decline has been correlated with impairment of certain cognitive tasks. Moreover, studies involving both humans and animals indicate that testosterone and its metabolites can augment responding on certain behavioral tasks, depending on the subject's current hormonal state, the response required, and the stimuli involved (e.g., those involving spatial or nonspatial stimuli). While the exact mechanisms by which testosterone exerts its effects on learning and memory are not fully understood, recent findings suggest that testosterone modulates learning and memory in males through an interaction with the cholinergic system. The overall objective of this review is to discuss studies investigating the role of the gonadal hormones in mediating learning and memory processes in male mammals (Current Zoology 57 (4): 543-558, 2011).
Brief for the Respondents, City of Cuyahoga Falls v. Buckeye Community Hope Foundation (United States Supreme Court No. 01-1269)

Submitted by Edward G. Kramer, Kenneth Kowalski, Diane E. Citrino, Michael P. Seng, with co-authors P. Gilbertson Barno, Eric Schnapper, David G. Oakley, Keith Levy, Edward Pekarek, with Mr. Pekarek serving as editor of the brief. Available at 2002 WL 31655015 (Appellate Brief).I. There is sufficient evidence to permit a trierof fact to find the existence of a discriminatorymotive 11A. City officials acted in concert with privatecitizens to use a variety of tactics tostop the development 12B. The record is replete with evidence ofdiscriminatory intent 19C. The First Amendment does not precludeexamination of evidence of intentionaldiscrimination 261. Voters’ rights were not chilled by alawsuit against City officials who violatedEqual Protection and the FairHousing Act 272. A referendum cannot be used to carryout illegal discrimination 30II. Respondents are withdrawing the disparateimpact claim 31III. The referendum violated the Due ProcessClause of the Fourteenth Amendment 32A. Buckeye possessed a property interest ..... 33B. The City’s actions violated substantivedue process 381. A referendum on quasi-judicial oradministrative land use decisions is aper se substantive due process violation 392. The site plan referendum violatessubstantive due process because itdelegates to voters the power to prohibita lawful use of Buckeye’s land.... 423. The City’s denial of Buckeye’s siteplan was arbitrary and capriciousand a denial of substantive due process 45
Remember the Alamo: A Place of Cinematic Experience

My grandfather was a vaudevillian who was often part of a theater troupe. He eventually made the transition to film where he had bit parts with a few speaking lines to a series of larger roles in ‘B’ Westerns. Among his reminiscences of the early days of theater are the stories of the many ways the audiences became involved with the event on stage from heckling to answering questions to cheering the inevitable outcome or punch line, and in fact my grandparents were married on the stage right after a play in which they had roles, with the audience present. It was 1918. Audience participation in early Twentieth Century stage and then film in the U.S. was common, but with modern cinema came a demand for the privacy of experiential space, in essence a cocoon. The sense of community in the U.S. movie theater today is based primarily on the fact that you and they are here to see the same film, but that is where the sharing stops. We wish to remain anonymous and private when we go to the movies and we expect others to do the same, while our engagement with the screen tends to be passive, at least outwardly.
Art Spiegelman’s In the Shadow of No Towers as Board Book: From the Matter of Materiality to the Way That Materiality Matters

This essay explores what happens when we foreground the materiality of Art Spiegelman’s In the Shadow of No Towers , examining it first as a board book and second as a graphic memoir, a work of historical non-fiction, or a therapeutic piece of trauma writing. Michelle Ann Abate argues that the thick card stock on which the text is printed forms a key readerly access point as well as a thematic pivot point. Heeding the cue provided by the format of the board book moves children and childhood from the margins to the centre of the narrative. This new perspective reveals that, together with offering a critique about the politicization of 9/11, No Towers contains an illuminating analysis about the politicization of young people in the United States.
A dual-color plasmonic focus for surface sub-femtoliter four-wave mixing excitation

A dual-color plasmonic lens for focusing two surface plasmon polariton (SPP) pulses into a common sub-femtoliter spot is demonstrated. The plasmonic lens is used to generate surface-sensitive, four-wave mixing (FWM) signals from individual Si particles.
Evaluation of an adaptive method for launch vehicle flight control

the amount of analysis and testing required per mission must be reduced over that performed for the partially re-usable Space Shuttle. A goal for future RLV flight control is to design and test the flight control system to operate within a prescribed flight envelope and loading margin, and requiring only payload/fuel parameters and “route” to be specified for a given mission. It has been estimated that this level of improvement would save three man-years of labor per RLV mission. EVALUATION OF AN ADAPTIVE METHOD FOR LAUNCH VEHICLE FLIGHT CONTROL
Study of the Persistent Laser-Induced Change in the Index of Refraction in Pr3+-Doped Silicate Glass Using PumpProbe X-Scan Technique

The profile, size, and magnitude of the change in the refraction index in Pr3+-doped silicate glass were determined using the x-scan technique. The index profile was dependent on the exposure time of the pump beam.
Beijing genotype identification of 95 mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with RD105 deletion detection method and it's correlation with drug resistance

Objective To identify Beijing genotype among the mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) strains isolated in Jilin province and its correlation with drug resistance.Methods 95 MTB strains were isolated from sputum samples collected from clinical pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) patients in Jilin province during 2008-2009 by Lwenstein-Jensen(L-J) medium culture.The acid-fast bacilli were identified by medium contained p-nitrobenzoate(PNB),then drug susceptibility testing(DST) was performed with proportion method and Beijing genotype strains were identified with RD105 deletion detection method,Epi Info and χ2 test was used to analyze the laboratory data.Results Beijing genotype accounted for 88.4%(84/95) of the 95 MTB strains.In all the Beijing genotype strains,drug resistance percentage of isoniazid,rifampin,ethambutol,streptomycin,kanamycin and ofloxacin were 31.7%,23.2%,15.9%,31.7%,13.4% and 18.3% respectively,and each of them was in the 95% confidence limits of which of non-Beijing genotype.Multidrug-resistant(MDR) MTB percentage of Beijing genotype strains was 19.5%,compared with which of non-Beijing genotype by χ2 test,P0.05.Conclusion RD105 deletion detection method is a simple and effective way to identify Beijing genotype;Beijing genotype is the main type of the MTB strains in Jilin province;No significant difference is observed in drug resistance between Beijing genotype and non-Beijing genotype strains.
ADJUNCTS TO ANTIBACTERIAL THERAPY

Strategies of augmenting or attenuating the immune system's response to infection are promising potential methods to enhance antibacterial therapy. Many of these new therapies are natural cytokines, such as the hematopoietic growth factors and interferons, which upregulate the immune response. Other examples include replacement therapies, such as immune globulin, and downregulators of the immune response, such as corticosteroids. In the near future it may be possible to adjust the host response to microbial infection to maximally inhibit the microbe while minimizing inflammatory damage.
Effects of various acids on growth and survival of Yersinia enterocolitica.

The relative effects of several different acids on survival of Yersinia enterocolitica in tryptic soy broth after 24 h of incubation were compared. The acids compared included 25, 50, 75, and 100 mW concentrations of hydrochloric (HCl), citric (CIT), acetic (ACE), lactic (LAC), propionic (PRO), or phosphoric (PHO) acid. The decrease in viable Yersinia cells was compared based on concentration of acid added, pH, and the calculated concentration of the undissociated portion of the monoprotic acids. In addition, data were subjected to analysis of variance procedures to determine significant differences among the antimicrobial activities of the various acids. Results indicated that the relative activity of the acids differed depending on how the data were compared. When based on equal molar concentration of acid added, the overall hierarchy of antimicrobial activity appeared to be CIT ⩾ HCl ⩾ LAC ⩾ PHO > PRO ⩾ ACE. The antimicrobial activity based on pH gave the apparent overall hierarchy PRO ⩾ LAC ⩾ ACE > CIT ⩾ PHO ⩾ HCl. The antimicrobial activity based on the concentration of the un-dissociated portion of monoprotic acids appeared to be HC1 > LAC > PRO ⩾ ACE. Although graphic representation of the data gave the appearance of differences in antimicrobial effects, statistical analysis revealed that often there was no significant difference (p⩽0.05) between acids. Differences which did appear were concentration-dependent. Statistical analysis also revealed that pH alone did not have a significant effect on survival.
Critical Autoethnography, Education, and a Call for Forgiveness.

If critical autoethnographers identify and attempt to remedy personal/cultural offenses, then they should also discuss how to live with individuals— themselves included—who have been complicit in and/or committed these offenses. One way critical autoethnographers can do so is through the concept of forgiveness. In this article, I first describe characteristics of forgiveness and establish relationships between forgiveness and critical autoethnography. I then offer three brief critical autoethnographies, each of which illustrates offenses I have experienced in educational contexts.
Emerging trends in antibiotic resistance: Implications for emergency medicine.

Abstract Background Many bacteria are demonstrating increasing levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. While this has implications for the healthcare system as a whole, many patients infected with these resistant organisms will initially present to the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of current trends in infections caused by the most clinically relevant resistant organisms encountered in emergency medicine. Methods Bacteria were selected based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and PubMed database. Results The following bacteria were included: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, Escherichia coli , carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . All have shown increasing rates of resistance to one or more of the antibiotics commonly used to treat them. Increasing rates of antibiotic resistance are associated with worse clinical outcomes and greater healthcare costs. Conclusions Antibiotic resistance is increasing and poses significant a risk to both the patient and public health as a whole. Appropriate choice of initial antibiotic is important in improving clinical outcomes, which is often the role of the ED provider. On a broader level, the ED must also take part in institutional efforts such as Antibiotic Stewardship Programs, which have been shown to decrease costs and rates of infection with resistant organisms. Ultimately, a multifaceted approach will be required to curb the threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Abstract AP03: OVARIAN CANCER AND PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURING IN THE US: A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS

The goals of this research were to: 1) utilize geographic and geostatistical methods available in geographic information systems (GIS) software to gain an in-depth understanding of the spatial distribution of ovarian cancer incidence rates, at national, state and county levels; and 2) based on patterns identified from the first goal, conduct a preliminary assessment of the hypothesized association between ovarian cancer occurrence and pulp and paper manufacturing. We used the following approaches: 1) exploratory spatial data analysis of 2008-2012 ovarian cancer incidence at the county level – choropleth mapping, trend surface analysis, spatial autocorrelation and hot spot analysis; 2) exploratory spatial data analysis of pulp and paper production sites, using EPA9s Toxic Release Inventory data from 1988-2012; 3) geographically weighted regression analysis to examine the relationship between ovarian cancer incidence and toxic emissions to air and surface water; and 4) preliminary fate and transport modeling of a case study area (Wisconsin) to examine river effluent and atmospheric dispersion of chemical by-products. Results indicate that there is a strong north-to-south trend (i.e. higher rates in the north) in ovarian cancer incidence at both state and county levels. This coincides with historically higher numbers of pulp and paper mills in northern states. Exceptions to this overall trend are statistically significant multi-county clusters of high rates in Georgia and Alabama, both of which have high levels of pulp and paper production. The hypothesis is weakly supported by geographically weighted regression, when migration patterns are taken into account. In conclusion, this research indicates that there is some support, at an ecological level, for the hypothesized association between ovarian cancer incidence rates and pulp and paper production. Citation Format: Carol L. Hanchette, PhD. OVARIAN CANCER AND PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURING IN THE US: A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr AP03.
Unemployment and Transformational Growth in the Long Run

The movement from rural to urban, from traditional agriculture to modern industry, is set in motion by capitalist development and is a central feature of the emergence of the modern world. But it rips apart the fabric of traditional life, creating uncertainty, while rendering many traditional skills, and a great deal of knowledge, obsolete. It creates a new world, where the traditional morals and manners may no longer be appropriate. But not only will the new world generally not absorb all those displaced from the old; it will itself discard the moderately stabilizing market mechanisms of the older Craft-based capitalism, and, moving into mass production (and later the information economy), come to work in a new and more unstable way. This long-term pattern of development provides, perhaps, the basic perspective for understanding unemployment in the modern era.
Evaluation of Large-Aperture Imaging Through the ex Vivo Human Abdominal Wall

Abstract Current clinical abdominal imaging arrays are designed to maximize angular field of view rather than the extent of the coherent aperture. We illustrate, in ex vivo experiments, the use of a large effective aperture to perform high-resolution imaging, even in the presence of abdominal wall-induced acoustic clutter and aberration. Point and lesion phantom targets were imaged through a water path and through three excised cadaver abdominal walls to create different clinically relevant clutter effects with matched imaging targets. A 7.36-cm effective aperture was used to image the targets at a depth of 6.4 cm, and image quality metrics were measured over a range of aperture sizes using synthetic aperture techniques. In all three cases, although degradation compared with the control was observed, lateral resolution improved with increasing aperture size without loss of contrast. Spatial compounding of the large-aperture data drastically improved lesion detectability and produced contrast-to-noise ratio improvements of 83%–106% compared with the large coherent aperture. These studies indicate the need for the development of large arrays for high-resolution abdominal diagnostic imaging.
Investigation of the Role of Droplet Transport in Mitigating Top of the Line Corrosion

The entrainment of liquid droplets, occurring in a limited range of gas and liquid flow conditions within the stratified flow region, could represent an effective way to transport a non-volatile li...
Making the Grade: College Students with Visual Impairments:

This study of the transition experiences of 102 college students with visual impairments (including students who are blind and students with low vision) and of the services offered for students wit...
Trans* in College: Transgender Students’ Strategies for Navigating Campus Life and the Institutional Politics of Inclusion

There is something to be said about the responsibility and pressures that must come with writing the first ever book on U.S. trans*1 collegians. What Nicolazzo achieves through Trans* in College ca...
Essential Asymptotics and Applications

Asymptotic theory is the study of how distributions of functions of a set of random variables behave, when the number of variables becomes large. One practical context for this is statistical sampling, when the number of observations taken is large. Distributional calculations in probability are typically such that exact calculations are difficult or impossible. For example, one of the simplest possible functions of n variables is their sum, and yet in most cases, we cannot find the distribution of the sum for fixed n in an exact closed form. But the central limit theorem allows us to conclude that in some cases the sum will behave as a normally distributed random variable, when n is large. Similarly, the role of general asymptotic theory is to provide an approximate answer to exact solutions in many types of problems, and often very complicated problems. The nature of the theory is such that the approximations have remarkable unity of character, and indeed nearly unreasonable unity of character. Asymptotic theory is the single most unifying theme of probability and statistics. Particularly, in statistics, nearly every method or rule or tradition has its root in some result in asymptotic theory. No other branch of probability and statistics has such an incredibly rich body of literature, tools, and applications, in amazingly diverse areas and problems. Skills in asymptotics are nearly indispensable for a serious statistician or probabilist.
A Bayesian Approach to Multistate Hidden Markov Models: Application to Dementia Progression

People are living longer than ever before, and with this arises new complications and challenges for humanity. Among the most pressing of these challenges is of understanding the role of aging in t...
The Chemical Engineering Education Situation in the U.S.A

The chemical engineering education situation in the United State is examined and discussed. Background information on the establishment of the profession is used to develop the rationale for chemical engineering curricula, from early days to the present. The current situation is described through the U.S. accreditation process. Finally, the problems concerning us at the present lead to a discussion of current and future activities and trends in curriculum to meet the demands of a changing profession.
Perceptual salience influences food choices independently of health and taste preferences

Making decisions about food is a critical part of everyday life and a principal concern for a number of public health issues. Yet, the mechanisms involved in how people decide what to eat are not yet fully understood. Here, we examined the role of visual attention in healthy eating intentions and choices. We conducted two-alternative forced choice tests of competing food stimuli that paired healthy and unhealthy foods that varied in taste preference. We manipulated their perceptual salience such that, in some cases, one food item was more perceptually salient than the other. In addition, we manipulated the cognitive load and time pressure to test the generalizability of the salience effect. Manipulating salience had a powerful effect on choice in all situations; even when an unhealthy but tastier food was presented as an alternative, healthy food options were selected more often when they were perceptually salient. Moreover, in a second experiment, food choices on one trial impacted food choices on subsequent trials; when a participant chose the healthy option, they were more likely to choose a healthy option again on the next trial. Furthermore, robust effects of salience on food choice were observed across situations of high cognitive load and time pressure. These results have implications both for understanding the mechanisms of food-related decision-making and for implementing interventions that might make it easier for people to make healthy eating choices.
Abstract WP466: Optimism Reduces Stroke Severity and Inflammation

Introduction: Post-stroke inflammation is detrimental to the brain and leads to impaired recovery. Optimism has been associated with lower inflammation and better health outcomes among people with ...
The rJokes Dataset: a Large Scale Humor Collection

Humor is a complicated language phenomenon that depends upon many factors, including topic, date, and recipient. Because of this variation, it can be hard to determine what exactly makes a joke humorous, leading to difficulties in joke identification and related tasks. Furthermore, current humor datasets are lacking in both joke variety and size, with almost all current datasets having less than 100k jokes. In order to alleviate this issue we compile a collection of over 550,000 jokes posted over an 11 year period on the Reddit r/Jokes subreddit (an online forum), providing a large scale humor dataset that can easily be used for a myriad of tasks. This dataset also provides quantitative metrics for the level of humor in each joke, as determined by subreddit user feedback. We explore this dataset through the years, examining basic statistics, most mentioned entities, and sentiment proportions. We also introduce this dataset as a task for future work, where models learn to predict the level of humor in a joke. On that task we provide strong state-of-the-art baseline models and show room for future improvement. We hope that this dataset will not only help those researching computational humor, but also help social scientists who seek to understand popular culture through humor.
Virtual network mapping in elastic optical networks with sliceable transponders

Emerging inter-datacenter applications involving data transferred, processed, and analyzed at multiple datacenters, such as virtual machine migrations, real-time data backup, remote desktop, and virtual datacenters, can be modeled as virtual network requests that share computing and spectrum resources of a common substrate physical inter-datacenter network. Recent advances make elastic optical networks an ideal candidate for meeting the dynamic and heterogeneous connection demands between datacenters. In this paper, we address the static (offline) version of the virtual network mapping problem in elastic optical networks equipped with sliceable bandwidth variable transponders. The objective is to minimize the total transponder cost in the network. An Integer Linear Programming formulation is presented, lower bounds are derived, and six heuristics are proposed and compared. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Finkelman, Paul, and Donald R. Kennon, Eds. Ending the Civil War and Consequences for Congress : Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2019. 165 pages. $35 (hardcover).

This slender but powerful collection of essays contributes to a longstanding contention that the Civil War era served as the Second American Revolution. Ending the Civil War and Consequences for Co...
Racial/ethnic disproportionality in reunification across U.S. child welfare systems.

Abstract Background Racial/ethnic disparities are persistent in referrals and removals of children into child welfare systems. Yet, less is known about disparities in reunification, and how system factors may contribute to more equitable outcomes for families of color. Objective This study examined racial/ethnic disparities in reunification rates across U.S. child welfare systems controlling for child- and system-factors. Participants and setting Data for this study came from the 2017 Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS). We utilized a subsample of n = 284,382 children ages 0–5. Methods We used a bottom-up model building-approach to examine child- and system-factors associated with reunification. A series of multilevel models were run. Results Less than 3% of the variance in reunification occurred between state child welfare systems. Native American children had lower odds of reunification than White children (AOR = 0.87, p Conclusions Racial/ethnic disparities are present in reunification, though these may vary across child welfare systems. Thus, future research could examine state systems that have better outcomes for families of color and examine factors that might explain these relationships.
Mutagenicity of silver nanoparticles evaluated using whole-genome sequencing in mouse lymphoma cells.

The increasing medical and food applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) raise concerns about their safety, including the potential health consequences of human exposure. Previous studies found...
Development of Strategies to Prevent Third Rail Insulator Failures in Transit Systems

Failures of third rail insulators, which often impose problems that affect the serviceability of transit systems, rarely have been investigated. This study examines various aspects of third rail systems, identifies causes of insulator failures, and develops and categorizes preventive strategies. To accomplish the goals, the existing literature was reviewed and analyzed to identify various characteristics of third rails and insulators. Then, five transit case studies were analyzed to determine the characteristics of third rails, identify the causes of insulator failures, and evaluate the preventive strategies adopted by transit agencies. The results revealed that local environmental conditions cause degradation of insulators, with dirt build-up being the biggest contributor to failure. Performing maintenance and inspections of insulators at predetermined intervals was also shown to be very effective for preventing failure. The preventive strategies were classified into three categories: regular inspections; preventive maintenance programs; and regulation and safety, with regular inspections being the most frequently adopted. Findings of this study will serve as an appropriate source of information for practitioners who work with third rail systems and will help them adopt effective strategies.
Marauder: synergized caching and prefetching for low-risk mobile app acceleration

Low interaction response times are crucial to the experience that mobile apps provide for their users. Unfortunately, existing strategies to alleviate the network latencies that hinder app responsiveness fall short in practice. In particular, caching is plagued by challenges in setting expiration times that match when a resource's content changes, while prefetching hinges on accurate predictions of user behavior that have proven elusive. We present Marauder, a system that synergizes caching and prefetching to improve the speedups achieved by each technique while avoiding their inherent limitations. Key to Marauder is our observation that, like web pages, apps handle interactions by downloading and parsing structured text resources that entirely list (i.e., without needing to consult app binaries) the set of other resources to load. Building on this, Marauder introduces two low-risk optimizations directly from the app's cache. First, guided by cached text files, Marauder prefetches referenced resources during an already-triggered interaction. Second, to improve the efficacy of cached content, Marauder judiciously prefetches about-to-expire resources, extending cache lives for unchanged resources, and downloading updates for lightweight (but crucial) text files. Across a wide range of apps, live networks, interaction traces, and phones, Marauder reduces median and 90th percentile interaction response times by 27.4% and 43.5%, while increasing data usage by only 18%.
Mothering and Fathering, or just Parenting: Measurement Invariance of Parental Beliefs by Gender:

In the ongoing discussion about the possible differences between mothering and fathering, tests of measurement invariance play an important role. However, there remains a need to investigate the me...
Acoustic Emission Acoustic Emission: A Quantitative NDE Technique for the Study of Fracture

Acoustic emission, an NDE technique that shows promise for detecting and locating cracks in engineering structures, has been used as an experimental technique for the basic study of fracture. Examples of the use of acoustic emission for this latter purpose are reviewed, and future research opportunities identified.
Strong convergence and convergence rates of approximating solutions for algebraic riccati equations in Hilbert spaces

The linear quadratic optimal control problem on infinite time interval for linear time-invariant systems defined on Hilbert spaces is considered. The optimal control is given by a feedback form in terms of solution pi to the associated algebraic Riccati equation (ARE). A Ritz type approximation is used to obtain a sequence pi sup N of finite dimensional approximations of the solution to ARE. A sufficient condition that shows pi sup N converges strongly to pi is obtained. Under this condition, a formula is derived which can be used to obtain a rate of convergence of pi sup N to pi. The results of the Galerkin approximation is demonstrated and applied for parabolic systems and the averaging approximation for hereditary differential systems.