cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of ventral cochlear nucleus projections to the superior olivary complex in gerbil.

The postnatal development of the projection from the ventral cochlear nucleus to the principal nuclei in the superior olivary complex in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was studied in an age-graded series of pups ranging from 0 to 18 days old. Small crystals of 1, 1′-dioctadecyl3, 3, 3′, 3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) were inserted into the ventral cochlear nucleus of aldehyde-fixed brains, and the labeled projections were examined with epifluorescence microscopy. Selected sections were photooxidized in a solution of diaminobenzidine and subsequently processed for electron microscopy to examine the development of labeled synapses in the target nuclei. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the ventral cochlear nucleus of adult gerbils to assess the form and persistence of projections observed in the neonatal animals. In addition, electrophysiological responses to acoustic stimuli of single units in the adult auditory brainstem were analyzed to confirm the functionality of the novel projection from the ventral cochlear nucleus to the contralateral lateral superior olive. By the day of birth (PO), developing axons from the ventral cochlear nucleus have already established highly ordered pathways to the three primary nuclei of the superior olivary complex: the ipsilateral lateral superior olive, the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, and at the lateral and medial dendrites of the ipsilateral and contralateral medial superior olive, respectively. Developing axons from the ventral cochlear nucleus that innervated the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body lacked the terminal morphology characteristic of the calyx of Held, but began to adopt a more characteristic form on P5. The mature calyx appeared around P14–16. Exuberant developmental projections to topographically inappropriate areas of the superior olivary complex were not observed at the postnatal ages studied. In addition to the projections of the ventral cochlear nucleus to the superior olivary complex described in other species, we observed the development and maintenance of a major direct projection from the ventral cochlear nucleus to the contralateral lateral superior olive. On PO, ventral cochlear nucleus axons decussate in the dorsal trapezoid body, form a plexus at the dorsal edge of the contralateral medial superior olive, and enter the ventrolateral limb of the contralateral lateral superior olive. Over the next 2 weeks, fascicles of fibers form on the hilar and ventral aspects of the ventrolateral limb. Fibers arising from these fascicles form converging, but nonoverlapping, arborizations within the ventrolateral limb at right angles to the curvature of the nucleus. The medial region was devoid of labeled axons. The direct innervation of the contralateral lateral superior olive was confirmed in the adult gerbil with anterograde horseradish peroxidase histochemistry and by the recording of excitatory responses in the innervated region to acoustic stimulation of the contralateral ear. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evidence for differential regulation of two classes of poly(A) RNA inBlastocladiella emersonii zoospores

Abstract The poly(A) RNA in zoospores of Blastocladiella emersonii contains RNA synthesized during the growth phase (GP poly(A) RNA) and late sporulation (LS poly(A) RNA). LS poly(A) RNA synthesized during the final 30 minutes of sporulation is bound exclusively to polyribosomes which comprise approximately 50% of the total zoospore ribosome population. In contrast, GP poly(A) RNA is bound to zoospore monoribosomes. During the final 30 minutes of sporulation, GP poly(A) RNA which is bound to polyribosomes makes a transition to monoribosomes. Zoospore monoribosomes and RNA extracted from zoospore monoribosomes are inactive in vitro while both zoospore polyribosomes and RNA extracted from zoospore polyribosomes stimulate protein synthesis in the wheat germ in vitro system. Sedimentation of poly(A) RNA from zoospore monoribosomes on dimethyl sulfoxide gradients revealed that the GP poly(A) RNA was of sufficiently high molecular weight to code for average-sized proteins. These denaturing gradients failed to activate the zoospore monoribosome RNA. The results suggest that the inability to translate zoospore monoribosomes in vitro is due to some property or modification of the zoospore monoribosome poly(A) RNA. Zoospore monoribosomes bound to poly(A) RNA contain an average of two tRNA molecules while zoospore polyribosomes have an average of less than one tRNA bound. This suggests the two classes of ribosomes are blocked at different steps in the elongation process.
Alternating forms and the Brauer group of a geometric field

We compute the theory of for any proabelian group , using a natural isomorphism with the group of continuous alternating forms. We use this to establish a sort of generic behavioral ideal, or role model, for the Brauer group Br of a geometric field of characteristic zero. We show this ideal is attained in several interesting cases
Expression of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor mRNA and proteins in human skin.

Abstract A cDNA corresponding to the membrane receptor for growth hormone (GH) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directly from human skin. The cDNA was cloned and found to have complete sequence homology to the extracellular domain of human liver GH receptor (GH-R). Northern analysis, using the cloned GH-R as probe, revealed relatively higher levels of GH-R transcripts in cultured human dermal fibroblasts compared to cultured keratinocytes or keratome biopsies. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the level of GH-R mRNA in cultured melanocytes was similar to that in fibroblasts. The receptor protein encoded by GH-R mRNA in fibroblasts was shown by affinity cross-linking to have an apparent M r of 115120 kDa, similar to that of 3T3-F442A fibroblasts used as a control, mRNA transcripts for the major mediator of GH actions, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), were detected by PCR in fibroblasts, melanocytes, and keratome biopsies, but not in keratinocytes. In contrast, IGF-1 receptor mRNA were abundant in cultured keratinocytes and skin biopsies, as determined by Northern analysis. IGF-1 but not GH (550 ng/ml) promoted clonal proliferation of cultured keratinocytes. In contrast, GH (10 ng/ml) after 5 d markedly increased fibroblast cell numbers (70%, p
Blockade of phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion by olanzapine, clozapine and serotonin receptor subtype selective antagonists in mice

In humans, phencyclidine (PCP) is known to produce a syndrome of behavioral effects which have many characteristics in common with schizophrenia. Therefore, antagonism of PCP effects might be evidence for antipsychotic efficacy of a compound. In the present studies, the effects of the D2-like antagonist haloperidol, the mixed D2-like/5-HT2 antagonists olanzapine and clozapine, and a series of 5-HT receptor subtype selective antagonists on the hyperlocomotion produced by PCP were evaluated in mice. PCP (0.3–10 mg/kg) produced a dose-related increase in locomotor activity, with a peak effect at 3.0 mg/kg. The D2-like antagonist haloperidol produced a dose-related decrease in locomotor activity when administered alone, and blocked the hyperactivity effects of PCP over the same dose-range (minimal effective dose, MED = 0.3 mg/kg for both effects). In contrast, olanzapine and clozapine reversed the hyperlocomotion effects of PCP at doses (MED = 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively) approximately 30-and 10-fold, respectively, below those that decreased activity when administered alone (MED = 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively). The selective 5-HT2 antagonist LY53857 (0.3–3.0 mg/kg) administered alone had no effect on locomotor activity but reversed (MED = 0.1 mg/kg) the effects of PCP. Similarly, the selective 5-HT2A/2C antagonist ritanserin (0.001–1.0 mg/kg) alone had no effect on locomotor activity, but reversed (MED = 0.01 mg/kg) the effects of PCP. The selective 5-HT2A antagonists ketanserin (MED = 3.0 mg/kg) and MDL 100,907 (MED = 0.3 mg/kg) produced dose-related decreases in locomotor activity and ketanserin (MED = 0.1 mg/kg) and MDL 100,907 (MED = 0.003 mg/kg) reversed the effects of PCP. The selective 5-HT3 antagonist zatosetron (0.01–10 mg/kg) and the selective 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100,635 (0.001–3 mg/kg) were without effects on spontaneous locomotor activity. Zatosetron reversed the effects of 3.0 mg/kg PCP at the nonselective dose of 10 mg/kg whereas WAY 100,635 (0.001–1 mg/kg) did not affect PCP-induced hyperlocomotion. The present results indicate that PCP increases locomotor activity, at least in part, due to actions at 5-HT2A, but not 5-HT3 or 5-HT1A, receptors. Further, the present findings support the hypothesis that antagonism at 5-HT2A receptors contributes to the in vivo actions of atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine and clozapine.
Benefits of utilizing a Smart Grid monitoring system to improve feeder voltage

The implementation of Smart Grids will fundamentally change the approach of assessing and mitigating system voltage deficiencies on an electric distribution system. Many distribution companies have historically indentified feeder level voltage deficiencies utilizing a reactive approach that relies upon customer complaints. The monitoring capabilities of a Smart Grid will allow utilities to proactively identify a large number of events that exceed the voltage threshold limitations set forth by ANSI Std. C84.1 before they become a concern to endusers. This proactive approach can improve overall customer satisfaction and also possibly reduce operational costs. This paper defines a proactive approach for voltage investigations and describes the benefits associated with the approach. Also detailed in this paper are the results of utilizing the proactive approach at a utility company located in the western United States, which is currently employing a Smart Grid.
Clinical Studies of Dental Cements: III. Seven Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cements Used for Temporarily Cementing Completed Restorations:

Seven zinc oxide-eugenol cements with compressive strengths from 200 psi to 8,000 psi were used for temporarily cementing completed inlays, crowns, and bridges. The effectiveness of each cement in a variety of clinical situations is presented. Cement of 1,000 psi met the requirements of typical clinical cases most frequently. The cements of compressive strength 200, 400, 600, 2,200, and 3,500 psi were required in other clinical cases with sufficient frequency to justify their use.
Effect of prior splenectomy on the growth of sarcoma 180 in normal and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infected mice.

Die Regression des Sarkomas 180 in Albinomausen wurde durch vorangehende Splenektomie gefordert. Die gegen Sarkoma 180 erhohte Resistenz von Mausen, die mit B.C.G. infiziert worden waren, wird durch die Abwesenheit der Milz nicht beeinflusst.
Elmendorf Tear Test of Polyethylene Films: Mechanical Interpretation and Model

A physical model of one of the principal end-use tests of film manufactured from linear low-density and low-density PE resins, the Elmendorf tear test (ASTM D1922, ISO 6383-2), is described. According to this model, the tear test of film is a special case of a high-speed stress/strain measurement performed on a polymer sample with a varying cross-section. The tear resistance of film is a function of all the parameters that characterize the stress/strain curve of the resin: stresses and strains at the yield, the necking, and the breaking points. The model affords estimations of tear resistance of semi-crystalline PE film and provides explanations for differences between tear strength of film manufactured from different types of resins.
In situ monitoring of dredged material spoil sites using the oyster Crassostrea virginica

In situ and laboratory bioassays using the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, were undertaken in the Wright River Estuary, South Carolina, to determine the toxic potential of effluent and sediment from recently dredged sediments. Current standards (ASTM, USEPA, and USACE) rely solely on laboratory-based bioassays to assess toxicity of dredge spoils prior to disposal. These bioassays do not necessarily replicate the natural physicochemical estuarine processes, limiting the environmental realism of this approach. In this study, oysters were collected from a site on Leadenwah Creek (SC) and deployed in plastic cages anchored above the sediment and within the intertidal zone for 90 days at four dredge spoil disposal areas (18 sites total, one bushel/site). Oysters were also deployed at a reference site (New River Estuary, SC) and the original collection site. Trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tissue, sediment, and effluent samples as well as the assessment of oyster health in adults (% mortality and % reduction in potential yield) and larvae (larval development) were measured. Results indicated high arsenic concentrations in surface water samples (<10 to 147 μg/L), some of which exceeded the USEPA chronic marine water quality criteria and sediment concentrations (<1.0–82.2 mg/kg), which also exceeded the ERM (70 mg/kg) and the ERL (8.2 mg/kg) for arsenic, and which may have contributed to the toxic response seen in deployed oysters. A positive relationship was also seen between the in situ percent reduction in potential yield and laboratory-derived data from larval oyster development bioassays. The advantage of the combined in situ/laboratory approach used in this study is the ability to resolve probable factors influencing the toxicity of these effluents to oysters.
High-resolution ultrasound imaging of the eye – a review

This report summarizes the physics, technology and clinical application of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) of the eye, in which frequencies of 35 MHz and above provide over a threefold improvement in resolution compared with conventional ophthalmic ultrasound systems. UBM allows imaging of anatomy and pathology involving the anterior segment, including regions obscured by overlying optically opaque anatomic or pathologic structures. UBM provides diagnostically significant information in conditions such as glaucoma, cysts and neoplasms, trauma and foreign bodies. UBM also can provide crucial biometric information regarding anterior segment structures, including the cornea and its constituent layers and the anterior and posterior chambers. Although UBM has now been in use for over 15 years, new technologies, including transducer arrays, pulse encoding and combination of ultrasound with light, offer the potential for significant advances in high-resolution diagnostic imaging of the eye.
Inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis decreases phosphorylated ERK2 in LLC-PK1 cells

Abstract Fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) is a fungal toxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides that inhibits ceramide synthase (CS), a key enzyme in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway. In LLC-PK 1 cells, FB 1 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, which can be prevented by inhibitors of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Inhibition of SPT prevents the FB 1 -induced accumulation of free sphinganine, a precursor of ceramide biosynthesis. However, not all of the effects of FB 1 in LLC-PK 1 cells can be explained solely by the increase in free sphingoid bases. The downstream signaling pathways that are affected by FB 1 -induced disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis are not well understood. This study determined, in LLC-PK 1 cells, changes in p42 MAP kinase (phosphorylated ERK2 [pERK2]) phosphorylation in response to various inhibitors of key enzymes of the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway (CS, SPT, and glucosylceramide synthase [GlcCer synthase]). The results show that inhibition of any of the three enzymes caused a similar decrease in the extent of phosphorylation of ERK2 with no reduction in total ERK2. The co-treatment of FB 1 (CS inhibitor) with SPT inhibitors or the GlcCer synthase inhibitor had no effect on the FB 1 -induced reduction in pERK2 phosphorylation, indicating that FB 1 -mediated changes in phosphorylation of pERK2 was independent of increases in free sphinganine or its metabolites or a reduction in ceramide. Nonetheless, the decrease in pERK2 phosphorylation was dependent on inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Decreased pERK2 activity could contribute to the physiological effects of FB 1 in LLC-PK 1 cells that are not due to alteration in pathways modulated by free sphingoid bases and their metabolites but are sensitive to inhibition of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis.
Motions of water, decane, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt in reverse micelle solutions

Reverse micellar solutions made from the surfactant bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT), water, and decane have been studied using NMR inversion−recovery and pulsed-field gradient experiments. Spin-lattice relaxation times, T1, and diffusion coefficients, D, were measured for the individual components of the reverse micellar phase of the water−AOT−decane microemulsion as a function of temperature, 277 < T < 313 K, and reverse micelle volume fraction, 0 < φ < 1. Activation energies for the decane rotational motions probed by the T1 measurements and those for the translational motions probed by the D measurements are compared as a function of φ. Both types of activation energies increase by a factor of ∼2 as φ increases from zero (pure decane) to 0.8 (near the lamellar phase boundary), indicating the influence of the AOT tails on the decane motions. A T−φ phase diagram has been constructed showing an empirical boundary for the onset of percolation. This percolation characterization, together w...
Ian Paisley and the Reformed Tradition

This article examines the religious beliefs underlying the political ideology of Ulster's fundamentalist politician, Ian Paisley. Paisley claims to follow the Reformation tradition in both his theology and political beliefs, and cannot be understood without reference to this tradition. Adopting an apocalyptic world view from Reformation Protestants such as Knox, Paisley views the Roman Catholic Church as the Harlot of Babylon condemned in Revelation, and this belief underlies his anti-Catholicism. This world view shapes Paisley's understanding of politics because he follows Knox in believing that the political community has a covenantal relationship to God requiring complete repudiation of Roman Catholic ‘idolatry’. Paisley invokes the Scottish covenanting tradition as a model for Protestant political activity in Ulster, advocating resistance against any attempt to show political favour to the Roman Catholic Church.
How Toddlers `do' Friendship: A Descriptive Analysis of Naturally Occurring Friendships in a Group Child Care Setting

Researchers examining friendship between peers often begin to study children during the preschool years. While research has indicated that toddlers interact with peers, very little is known about how they negotiate friendships. This study uses qualitative methodology to examine how a group of toddler friends interact with each other-how they `do' friendship. Children were videotaped as they went about their daily interactions in a mixed-age, infant-toddler child care setting. Data were collected over a 10-month period, resulting in 200 hours of videotape. Interaction between four toddler friendship dyads (age 22-36 months) were coded using dimensions of friendship as used by Rizzo (1989). Results indicate that five of eight coded dimensions are present in these toddler friendships. Further, results suggest that toddlers engage in much more complex relationships than has been previously indicated. A developmental theory of friendship is presented.
Unified Theory Calculations of Stark Broadened Hydrogen Lines Including Lower State Interactions

Report on calculations of hydrogen Stark broadening on the basis of the unified classical path theory which has been extended to include lower state interactions in the final line profile. A detailed comparison with experiments in the density range 10-13-10-17 cm-3 is given.
A Practical Combinatorial Clock Exchange for Spectrum Licenses

A centralized combinatorial exchange has been considered as a means to enable efficient restructuring of spectrum holdings by allowing traders to buy and sell spectrum resources. We propose a new, two-sided, multiple-round, combinatorial clock exchange mechanism that enables traders to specify reserve prices and submit consolidated bundle orders on spectrum assets to be bought and sold. Any trader may submit multiple orders over several rounds. A trading agent's order can only be executed when it matches with bids and asks from one or more other agents. Acceptable bid and ask prices are adjusted each round to decrease the spread, and the final, market-clearing trades are executed to maximize the gains from trade. This paper outlines the clock mechanism and presents a new approach for allocation of surplus among the market-clearing agents to maximize incentives for participation.
A Low-Complexity Navigation Algorithm for a Scalable Autonomous Fire fighting Vehicle

The design and implementation of a low cost, scalable autonomous vehicle that detects, approaches, and extinguishes a heat source while avoiding obstacles in its path is presented. This design was implemented by using a low- complexity, deterministic algorithm. The algorithm, in addition to being scalable, has minimal hardware requirements. The completed robot is a proof of concept prototype, to demonstrate the reliability of using this algorithm in autonomous robots for combating a variety of fires.
CELL PROLIFERATION INDEXES : A BIOMARKER IN SOLID TUMORS

Clinical studies have shown that carcinogenesis is linked to the development of proliferative abnormalities. Proliferative activity has been found to have prognostic significance in a variety of human tumors. Because proliferative abnormalities can precede the occurrence of morphological abnormalities, their measurement could also serve as useful biomarkers for chemoprevention trials. The variety of techniques for measuring cell proliferation in routine sections include mitosis counting, AgNORs, DNA precursor uptake (bromodeoxyuridine), and immunohistochemical detection of cell cycle proteins (PCNA, Ki-67/MIB-1). It is essential that the virtues and limitations of these methods be examined to ensure collection of meaningful clinical data.
Expression of an Expansin Is Associated with Endosperm Weakening during Tomato Seed Germination

Expansins are extracellular proteins that facilitate cell wall extension, possibly by disrupting hydrogen bonding between hemicellulosic wall components and cellulose microfibrils. In addition, some expansins are expressed in non-growing tissues such as ripening fruits, where they may contribute to cell wall disassembly associated with tissue softening. We have identified at least three expansin genes that are expressed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds during germination. Among these, LeEXP4 mRNA is specifically localized to the micropylar endosperm cap region, suggesting that the protein might contribute to tissue weakening that is required for radicle emergence. In gibberellin (GA)-deficient (gib-1) mutant seeds, which germinate only in the presence of exogenous GA, GA induces the expression of LeEXP4 within 12 hours of imbibition. When gib-1 seeds were imbibed in GA solution combined with 100 microM abscisic acid, the expression of LeEXP4 was not reduced, although radicle emergence was inhibited. In wild-type seeds, LeEXP4 mRNA accumulation was blocked by far-red light and decreased by low water potential but was not affected by abscisic acid. The presence of LeEXP4 mRNA during seed germination parallels endosperm cap weakening determined by puncture force analysis. We hypothesize that LeEXP4 is involved in the regulation of seed germination by contributing to cell wall disassembly associated with endosperm cap weakening.
Differential localization of IL-2- and -15 receptor chains in membrane rafts of human T cells.

We studied whether cytokine receptors (Rs) on T cells associate with lipid microdomains ("rafts"). Low-dose phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- stimulated human T cells were separated into cy- toplasmic, membrane, and raft fractions by buoy- ant density centrifugation. Examination of these fractions for the presence of interleukin (IL)-2- and -15R chains and associated signaling molecules by Western blotting revealed marked, selective en- richment of the IL-2/15R -chain in rafts before IL-2 stimulation. After IL-2 stimulation, a substan- tial amount of the -chain was found in the mem- brane fraction. This partial translocation was also observed for the -chain-associated molecules JAK-1, p56 lck , and grb-2. Finally, raft disruption with methyl--cyclodextrin (MBCD) attenuated IL- 2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation events and se- lectively decreased the surface expression of the IL-2/15R -chain detected by flow cytometry. These results show that the IL-2/15R -chain is enriched in rafts obtained from low-dose, PHA- stimulated T cells, that IL-2 binding alters this enrichment, and that this enrichment may be func- tionally relevant as a possible mechanism to ensure cytokine selectivity and specificity. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72: 199-206; 2002.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension. Cause or Effect

Endothelial dysfunction refers to impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and implies widespread abnormalities in endothelial integrity and homeostasis. The ability to assess endothelial function has been critical to advancing our understanding of the significance of this complex monolayer to cardiovascular (CV) disease. Early human translational approaches required invasive assessments in the coronary and brachial circulatory beds but had limited utility. Popularization of brachial reactivity testing using ultrasound by Celermajer et al,1 better known as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), allowed more widespread clinical application by providing an estimate of conductance vessel NO bioactivity in response to a fixed hyperemic stimulus. Although the link between endothelial dysfunction and adverse CV events was first described in studies performed in the human coronary circulation,2 the development of this noninvasive method led to widespread expectations that FMD could be used as a risk prediction tool and as a surrogate end point for novel therapies. Numerous studies demonstrated significant association between impaired FMD and CV risk factors. Although studies in those with CV disease have shown prognostic association with lower FMD predicting worse long-term outcomes,2 the real promise of FMD as a noninvasive tool was in demonstrating predictive use in community-based population cohorts. In the largest of just 3 studies addressing this question, Yeboah et al3 examined 3026 subjects free of CV disease from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. They demonstrated that, at 5 years, after multivariate analysis, each SD increase in FMD conferred a hazard ratio of 0.84 for incident CV events. Importantly, FMD also improved net reclassification of risk when compared with the Framingham risk score. Two further studies in more selected populations, including the Cardiovascular Health Study of elderly subjects and a study by Rossi et al4 on >2000 postmenopausal women, support these findings by demonstrating significant association …
Characteristic promoter hypermethylation signatures in male germ cell tumors

Human male germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from undifferentiated primordial germ cells (PGCs), a stage in which extensive methylation reprogramming occurs. GCTs exhibit pluripotentality and are highly sensitive to cisplatin therapy. The molecular basis of germ cell (GC) transformation, differentiation, and exquisite treatment response is poorly understood. To assess the role and mechanism of promoter hypermethylation, we analyzed CpG islands of 21 gene promoters by methylation-specific PCR in seminomatous (SGCT) and nonseminomatous (NSGCT) GCTs. We found 60% of the NSGCTs demonstrating methylation in one or more gene promoters whereas SGCTs showed a near-absence of methylation, therefore identifying distinct methylation patterns in the two major histologies of GCT. DNA repair genes MGMT, RASSF1A, and BRCA1, and a transcriptional repressor gene HIC1, were frequently methylated in the NSGCTs. The promoter hypermethylation was associated with gene silencing in most methylated genes, and reactivation of gene expression occured upon treatment with 5-Aza-2' deoxycytidine in GCT cell lines. Our results, therefore, suggest a potential role for epigenetic modification of critical tumor suppressor genes in pathways relevant to GC transformation, differentiation, and treatment response.
The effects of spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 on cervical cytology

Abstract Background This analysis was undertaken to compare the effect of the different dosages and formulations of spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 (N-9) on cervical cytology. Study Design A randomized trial was conducted at 14 sites in the United States to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of five spermicides containing N-9. This Papanicolaou smear analysis included the data from all participants who provided two Papanicolaou smear samples: at admission and after discontinuation of the product. The effects of the spermicides were evaluated by comparing the rates of alteration of cervical cytology between five study groups. Results A total of 640 women were included in this analysis. The majority of the study participants (>85%) had no change of their baseline Papanicolaou smear result. The rates of alteration of cervical cytology were similar among women using the three gels containing the different doses of N-9 and three different formulations containing the same dose of N-9. Our analysis found no association between alteration of cervical cytology and duration or frequency of use of the five study spermicides. Conclusions Exposure to different formulations and doses of spermicides containing N-9 is unlikely to influence cervical cytology.
Scholastic Assessment or g?: The Relationship Between the Scholastic Assessment Test and General Cognitive Ability

There is little evidence showing the relationship between the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and g (general intelligence). This research established the relationship between SAT and g, as well as the appropriateness of the SAT as a measure of g, and examined the SAT as a premorbid measure of intelligence. In Study 1, we used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Measures of g were extracted from the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery and correlated with SAT scores of 917 participants. The resulting correlation was .82 (.86 corrected for nonlinearity). Study 2 investigated the correlation between revised and recentered SAT scores and scores on the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices among 104 undergraduates. The resulting correlation was .483 (.72 corrected for restricted range). These studies indicate that the SAT is mainly a test of g. We provide equations for converting SAT scores to estimated IQs; such conversion could be useful for estimating premorbid IQ or conducting individual...
Adaptive h‐refinement on 3D unstructured grids for transient problems

An adaptive finite element scheme for transient problems is presented. The classic h-enrichment/coarsening is employed in conjunction with a tetrahedral finite element discretization in three dimensions. A mesh change is performed every n time steps, depending on the Courant number employed and the number of ‘protective layers’ added ahead of the refined region. In order to simplify the refinement/coarsening logic and to be as fast as possible, only one level of refinement/coarsening is allowed per mesh change. A high degree of vectorizability has been achieved by pre-sorting the elements and then performing the refinement/coarsening groupwise according to the case at hand. Further reductions in CPU requirements arc realized by optimizing the identification and sorting of elements for refinement and deletion. The developed technology has been used extensively for shock-shock and shock-object interaction runs in a production mode. A typical example of this class of problems is given.
University-Industry Collaboration Networks for the Creation of Innovation: A Comparative Analysis of the Development of Lead-Free Solders in Japan, Europe and the United States

This study examined how collaboration networks are formed among university, industry and the public sector and work for the creation of innovation, analyzing the case of the development of lead-free solders in the electric and electronic industry in Japan, Europe, and the United States. The structure of innovation networks on lead-free solders is analyzed with quantitative methods of social network analysis, based on data on the membership of research and development projects and scientific papers. While initiatives to regulate the use of lead for soldering were made earlier in the United States, development and adoption of lead-free solders progressed significantly in Japan through the formation of research and development networks. To implement an effective transition to lead-free solders, cooperation and coordination was indispensable among relevant actors, including those working on chip implementation, solders, manufacturing equipment, parts, devices, print boards, and measurement instruments. In the absence of a domestic institutional framework for regulating the use of lead, it was crucial that university researchers, working from a relatively neutral position, took the initiative in creating collaboration networks for the formulation of industry-wide roadmaps for technological development and implementation, evaluation and standardization of various specifications, and accumulation of scientific and technological knowledge.
Gender differences in couple attachment behaviors as predictors of dietary habits and physical activity levels

This study used an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model to examine the relationship between attachment behaviors and health practices, as measured by physical activity levels and dietary habits. The...
Patterns of pollen collection and flower visitation by Heliconius butterflies in southeastern Mexico

Most butterfly species forage for nectar, which provides them with carbohydrates and to some degree other nutrients, such as lipids and amino acids (Boggs 1987). A small number of genera feed exclusively on rotting fruits and plant sap (DeVries et al. 1999). Some 40 passion vine butterfly species, belonging to the genus Heliconius Kluk and a closely related monospecific genus Laparus Billberg gather nutrients from pollen feeding (Brown 1981, Gilbert 1972). Although common in bees, wasps, flies and beetles (Roulston & Cane 2000, Thorpe 2000), pollen feeding is rare among lepidopterans. In order to collect pollen, adults scrape anthers with the proboscis and gather the grains. The pollen is then incubated in solution and the amino acid-rich solution is ingested. The empty pollen grains are eventually discarded (Gilbert 1972, Krenn & Penz 1998). Pollen feeding provides amino acids that are used for egg production and somatic maintenance in adult Heliconius (Dunlap-Pianka 1979, Gilbert 1972, 1991). The most common sources of pollen are flowers of species in the genera Psiguria Neck. ex Arn. and Gurania (Schltdl.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae). The home range of an individual Heliconius will encompass one to many pollen plants (Murawski & Gilbert 1986).
Sex Biases in Comparable Worth Analyses

Remunerating jobs according to their comparable worth has been suggested as one way to reduce sex inequities in wages. To implement such a policy, it is necessary to obtain unbiased ratings of a job's worth. The present study investigated whether such ratings would be biased by the incumbent's sex, the sex composition of the occupation, or the job analyst's sex. A second purpose was to ascertain what job characteristics are viewed as worthy of financial compensation. Business school undergraduates viewed videotapes of a male enacting a low prestige, anchor job and either males or females enacting a moderate and a high prestige job. Ratings of the moderate and high prestige jobs relative to the anchor revealed that both male and female analysts perceived the jobs as higher in responsibility, in persuasive ability requirements, and in monetary worth when enacted by males than by females. The occupation's sex composition had no effect on any job ratings, a finding attributed to subjects' failure to recall the sex composition information provided. Regression analyses revealed that the only significant predictors of a job's monetary worth relative to the anchor were its perceived salary, its desirability, the training it required, and the gender of the incumbent. It was concluded that sex biases in comparable worth analyses may yield an underestimation of the wages that women's work is worth.
Navigating the landscape of child disability measurement: A review of available data collection instruments

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities adopted in 2006 holds States responsible to “…collect appropriate information, including statistical and research data, to enable them to formulate and implement policies…” This recognition has led to an increasing number of countries gathering data on disability at the population level; however, there are currently no gold standards for its measurement and different data collection tools have been used throughout the years to fulfil data needs. Understanding how these differences have influenced the measurement of disability globally is crucial to developing reliable and comparable measures. The purpose of this paper is to describe the varying scope and content of data collection instruments on child disability and to provide a historical snapshot of the rates of reported disability among children. A total of 716 data sources were identified, corresponding to 198 countries covering more than 95% of the world's children. The findings reveal a lack of consistent definitions and measures of disability, which contribute to major challenges in producing reliable and comparable statistics.
Advances in Management of Acute Pancreatitis

This article reviews advances in the management of acute pancreatitis. Medical treatment has been primarily supportive for this diagnosis, and despite extensive research efforts, there are no pharmacologic therapies that improve prognosis. The current mainstay of management, notwithstanding the ongoing debate regarding the volume, fluid type, and rate of administration, is aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation. Although antibiotics were used consistently for prophylaxis in severe acute pancreatitis to prevent infection, they are no longer used unless infection is documented. Enteral nutrition, especially in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, is considered a cornerstone in management of this disease.
Muscle creatine phosphokinase in primary myopathies.

Summary and ConclusionsIn terms of wet weight of the biopsy sample, muscle creatine phosphokinase (CPK) may be decreased in skeletal muscle from patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy (PHMD); however, despite such decreases, CPK activity in terms of nitrogen in the supernate of the assay sample remains within the normal range. Hence the low values, when present, result in all probability from the increased fat content of muscle. Muscle CPK per unit of wet weight or in relation to supernate nitrogen in the assay sample was not low in a limited number of observations in limb girdle and facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy; this also appeared to be so in the few examples of myotonia dystrophica and of polymyositis examined by the above technics. The addition of a sulfhydryl compound to the assay mixture did not produce a statistically significant difference in the CPK activity of skeletal muscle obtained at biopsy which was refrigerated and assayed promptly. Quantitative differences in the r...
Inducing Disallowed Two-Atom Transitions with Temporally Entangled Photons Revisited

Several years ago, Agarwal, Muthukrishnan and I published a PRL* on two-atom transitions with entangled photons. The abstract read:
The Effects of Grain Moisture Content, Grain Temperature, and Dockage on the Penetration of Hydrogen Cyanide

Research was performed to determine the effects of variations in grain moisture content, temperature, and dockage content on penetration of HCN through a gain mass. Grain sorghum samples with moisture contents of 11%, 13%, and 15% were fumigated at temperature of 65°, 80° and 95° F. Interstitial air samples and grain samples were taken for cyanide residue analyses at sampling level of 3-, 9-, and 15-ft distances from the point of introduction of the gas. Air samples were taken at 4, 8, and 24 hr and grain samples 4 and 24hr after the introduction of the fumigant. All the main variables caused significant difference in gas concentrations in the air and grain residues. Analyses of samples obtained 4, 8, and 24 hr after introduction of the gas disclosed that cyanide concentrations in the interstitial air and residues on the grain decreased as grain moisture content was increased. These were lower under high temperature conditions. The presence of dockage had an effect similar to that of high moisture in that it reduced the cyanide concentration in the interstitial air and the residue on the fumigated grain sorghum.
ПРОЕКТНО–КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНАЯ ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ УСТАНОВОК РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХА

Современные производства, использующие различные компоненты воздуха, предъявляют широкий спектр требований к разрабатываемым воздухоразделительным установкам (ВРУ). Как правило, ВРУ в настоящее время создаются для конкретного потребителя с учётом задаваемых параметров, часто противоречивых. В связи с этим требуется построение и реализация эффективного концептуального подхода к оптимизации ВРУ на стадии её проектирования. Изложению этой проблемы посвящена данная статья, где в качестве основной комплексной целевой функции предлагается использовать значение NPV. В статье подробно рассмотрено применение NPV-метода для оптимального проектирования уникального комплекса «CANTARELL» для снабжения азотом крупного нефтяного промысла в Мексике.
The Dehydration of Methylene Blue Stained Material Without Loss of Dye

A method is given for dehydrating methylene blue stained protozoan smears which should be applicable to the dehydration of tissues stained intra vitam with methylene blue. The procedure is: Wash with distilled water, place in tertiary butyl alcohol for 1 to 2 minutes, then in three or more changes of tertiary butyl alcohol for 15 minutes to an hour each, and mount directly in balsam or pass thru two changes of xylene before mounting.
Staging, prognosis, and survivorship in colon cancer

Abstract The American Joint Committee on Cancer released the seventh edition of their staging manual for colon cancer in 2010. The biggest changes were the subcategories added for stages II and III colon cancer, as there is a significant difference in survival based upon the tumor depth of invasion (T stage) within these two stages. The eighth edition is awaiting release in the near future. However, there continues to be a dilemma of which patients with stage II cancer may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. There are guidelines that now include clinical, pathologic, and genomic factors that allow us to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk categories, and we should evaluate the different factors and how they are used clinically. Survivorship of colon cancer is becoming a new focus of care, as more patients than ever are living after treatment for colon cancer. There are important psychosocial and clinical aspects of their care that must be addressed to ensure an adequate quality of life and disease-free survival long after their cancer treatment regardless of "cure."
International student-focused counseling research: A 34-year content analysis

With the rapid growth of the international student population in the United States and internationalization of the counseling field, there is an increasing need to understand how this population is represented in counseling psychology research. To this end, this study provides a content and methodological analysis of 85 international student-focused empirical articles published in journals related to counseling psychology from 1980–2014. Publication trends revealed that of the total number of published empirical articles (N = 6191, 1980–2014), only 1.37% of empirical articles focused on international students. And yet, it appears that the percentage of empirical articles increased from .77% (1980) to 1.75% (2014), indicating a growth of 127% in the number of published empirical articles on international students. Results revealed 10 content categories, of which cultural adjustments, psychological health, and help utilization were the most common topics of inquiry. Methodological trends suggested that quan...
Depressive Symptoms and Electronic Messaging with Health Care Providers

Recent health policies encourage electronic messaging with providers to potentially improve health care. It is unclear whether the same potential exists for individuals with mental health symptoms....
The application of goal responsibility in the quality management on triage nursing

Since 1997,the triage nursing was divided into three levels.According to the principle of comprehensive examination,we set up the standards for quality control of triage nursing,criteria of quality management of departments and standards of quality of service,and fulfilled the quality control measures in different levels and points.All of these measures improved the quality of nursing in the outpatient department.
Complications of Vitreous Surgery

Various complications are associated with vitreous surgery, ranging from mild nonprogressive abnormalities that do not affect the vision to severe complications resulting in blindness, discomfort and/or a cosmetically unacceptable appearance. Intraoperative complications are usually caused by mechanical or toxic damage to intraocular tissues. Postopertive complications result from: 1) late effects from intraoperative damage, 2) progressive changes due to structural alterations caused by the operation, and 3) changes in the balance of biologically active substances that, in turn, cause abnormalities such as iris neovascularization. Any ocular tissue can be involved by these complications, either separately or in combination with others. The type, incidence and severity of complications depend on several factors, including: 1) the clinical condition for which the operation was performed, 2) whether or not the objectives of the operation were achieved, and 3) whether iatrogenic damage occurred. The overall incidence and severity of complications have been reduced by improved instrumentation and surgical techniques and by better understanding of the factors causing complications.
A style study of the Apostle Paul’s communication with Festus and Agrippa: The use of literary Koine Greek in Acts 25:14–22; 26:1–29

This article defines style, stylistics and literary koine Greek and analyses the literary koine Greek employed in Luke’s recording of the Apostle Paul’s court case at Caesarea in Acts 25:14– 22; 26:1–29. The principles and methodology in stylistics are explained and an overview of some of the style studies in the last 30 years is made. Paul demonstrates a literary style of Greek when speaking with Festus and Agrippa. Stylistics defines ‘style’ as the choices an author makes (whether conscious or subconscious) amongst linguistic possibilities (usually but not always a choice amongst grammatical possibilities). In grammatical studies, rhetoric is the manner of writing. Style study helps to observe the author’s emphasis, analogies and message, and helps with the appreciation of communication. Keywords: style, stylistics, rhetorical criticism, literary criticism, figures of speech, imagery, genre, metaphor, literary koine, optative mood, Apostle Paul, Luke, Marcus Julius Agrippa II, Julia Berenice, Porcius Festus, Theophilus, Longinus, aesthetic effects