cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Concomitant Use of Atorvastatin and Cyclosporine

OBJECTIVE:To describe a case of rhabdomyolysis in a cadaveric renal transplant (CRT) patient receiving atorvastatin and cyclosporine.CASE SUMMARY:A 40-year-old Asian woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with bilateral lower-extremity weakness and elevated concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase after two months of concomitant therapy with atorvastatin and cyclosporine. Her other medications were not known to cause rhabdomyolysis; neither was there evidence of an SLE flare. After atorvastatin was discontinued, her CK concentrations declined dramatically and her symptoms resolved.DISCUSSION:Rhabdomyolysis has been reported in patients treated with other 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors when used in combination with cyclosporine. Atorvastatin, a relatively new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has not been reported to cause rhabdomyolysis when us...
A neural network based vehicle detection and tracking system

Recent research has shown that feedforward neural networks can be trained to monitor vehicles on the roads (D. Bullock et al., 1993). A properly trained network should be able to recognize vehicles in the images it has never been exposed to. The paper discusses the development of such a neural network based detection and tracking model. The detection and tracking model was constructed on a PC using video tapes of traffic. A hybrid system architecture was developed to provide the necessary interface between the software and hardware modules. Two types of neural networks were investigated: standard feedforward networks and radial basis function (RBF) networks. Various tests were conducted to determine the optimal network model. The RBF network performed better than the conventional feedforward model. A success rate of 93% was achieved with the RBF network based detector model. >
The Dose–Response of Time Served in Prison on Mortality: New York State, 1989–2003

Objectives. I investigated the differential impact of the dose–response of length of stay on postprison mortality among parolees.Methods. Using 1989–2003 New York State parole administrative data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics on state correctional facilities, I employed multinomial logistic regression analyses and formal demographic techniques that used the life table of the populations to deduce changes in life expectancy.Results. Each additional year in prison produced a 15.6% increase in the odds of death for parolees, which translated to a 2-year decline in life expectancy for each year served in prison. The risk was highest upon release from prison and declined over time. The time to recovery, or the lowest risk level, was approximately two thirds of the time served in prison.Conclusions. Incarceration reduces life span. Future research should investigate the pathways to this higher mortality and the possibilities of recovery.
Factors Affecting the Properties of Rayon Fabrics

The effects of warp tension, number of filaments, and luster of viscose warp yarns, and the effects of number of picks and denier of viscose filling yarns of 32 woven fabrics on the weight, construction, breaking strength, and elongation of yarns, and on the breaking strength (grab and strip), elongation (strip), tearing strength (tongue), crimp, seam slippage, crease recovery, resistance to abrasion, and air permeability of fabrics were evaluated. The relationship be- between strip strength, S, strip elongation, E, and grab strength, G, was found to be The relationship between resistance to abrasion, log R, picks per inch, P, and denier of filling, D, was found to be equally well expressed by the following equations: The relationship between the air permeability, A, picks per inch, P, and denier of filling, D, was found to be
The influence of male age and simulated pathogenic infection on producing a dishonest sexual signal

In recent years, studies have shown that reproductive effort decelerates in response to pathogenic infection. If infection substantially reduces a host's residual reproductive value (RRV), however, then an acceleration of effort may instead occur (e.g. terminal investment). Reproductive acceleration would theoretically allow hosts to maintain or exaggerate their sexual signal upon infection. This would create a deceptive message from the perspective of the chooser, who may unwittingly copulate with an infected mate to their detriment. Using the cricket Allonemobius socius, we assessed the potential for reduced RRV to accelerate male reproductive effort and create a dishonest signal. RRV was manipulated through male age and simulated pathogenic insult. Reproductive effort was measured as calling song energetics, mating success, latency to mate and nuptial gift size. We show that males adopted either an accelerated or decelerated reproductive strategy upon infection, and that this decision was probably mediated by RRV. Moreover, males who accelerated their effort produced a dishonest signal by increasing their song energetics while providing fewer paternal resources (i.e. smaller gifts). Our study is one of the few to document the existence of dishonest signals and relate dishonesty to a potential reduction in female fitness, underscoring the conflict inherent in sexual reproduction.
CARL: activity-aware automation for energy efficiency

Society is becoming increasingly aware of the impact that our lifestyle choices have on energy usage and the environment. This paper explores the hypothesis that ubiquitous computing technologies can be used to understand this impact and to provide activity-aware interventions to reduce energy consumption. Specifically, we introduce a method to provide energy-efficient home automation based on the recognition of activities and their associated devices. We describe CARL (CASAS Activity-based Resource Limitation), a prototype energy-efficient smart home, and evaluate the performance of our activity-aware automation when using both historic and real-time sensor data to drive intelligent home automation.
Comparing in vivo pump-probe and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions

We demonstrate a multimodal approach that combines a pump–probe with confocal reflectance and multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy. Pump–probe microscopy has been proven to be of great value in analyzing thin tissue sections of pigmented lesions, as it produces molecular contrast which is inaccessible by other means. However, the higher optical intensity required to overcome scattering in thick tissue leads to higher-order nonlinearities in the optical response of melanin (e.g., two-photon pump and one-photon probe) that present additional challenges for interpreting the data. We show that analysis of pigment composition in vivo must carefully account for signal terms that are nonlinear with respect to the pump and probe intensities. We find that pump–probe imaging gives useful contrast for pigmented structures over a large range of spatial scales (100 μm to 1 cm), making it a potentially useful tool for tracking the progression of pigmented lesions without the need to introduce exogenous contrast agents.
Solderability test requirements for plastic surface mount packages

The development of a filar eyepiece has increased the accuracy and repeatability of measurement of percent coverage after solderability testing. Using this refined dip-and-look or percent-coverage-after-dip method, the differences in hot solder coat and lead-tin solder plate solderability were evaluated. The plated coatings were shown to have better than 10% thickness uniformity across the lead surface. This is reflected in improved solderability after aging. With Sn/Pb plating, 90% coverage can be assured, as compared with the 80% coverage acceptance level for hot solder dip. >
Reply: Episodic air pollution and sperm DNA fragmentation

Sir, Dr Jafarabadi asks a valid question for which we have the following response. The actual cold season (winter) in the Teplice District of the Czech Republic, when air pollution increases, does not correspond precisely with winter as defined by the calendar. Thus cold, winter-like temperatures are encountered from at least late October through to March. The cold temperatures are associated with increased air pollution due to both increased coal usage for home heating and climate-related temperature inversions that hold the pollution in the valleys, creating episodes (several days duration) of very high pollution. This phenomenon is nicely illustrated in Sram et al. (1996), Figure 2, for an earlier year. Although not stated in our paper (Rubes et al., 2005), we intentially designed the study to obtain semen samples during the last week of the months of January, February (both years) and March. Figure 1 of our paper illustrates the average pollution levels for the 90 days preceeding each semen sampling week. This interval of time was selected precisely according to the point Dr Jararabadi makes, that spermatogenesis (including epididymal transit) in humans takes 72–90 days. Thus in Figure 1, bar 2 represents exposures averaged from late October through late January when the second semen sample was obtained; bar 3 represents exposures from late November through late February when the third semen sample was obtained, and bar 4 represents exposures averaged from late December through late March when the fourth semen sample was obtained. For the pollutants measured, the average pollution was similar when averaged for 90 days, whether starting in late October or late January. This observation formed the basis of our classifying exposures simply as ‘high’ or ‘low’. Thus, ‘winter’ pollution here includes the months of November and March. We hope this explanation clarifies that our study design adequately permitted us to examine potential associations between exposures to elevated air pollution during the entire process of spermatogenesis and changes in semen measures. Thank you for allowing us to make this important clarification.
Selective permeability barrier to urea in shark rectal gland.

Elasmobranchs such as the dogfish shark Squalus acanthius achieve osmotic homeostasis by maintaining urea concentrations in the 300- to 400-mM range, thus offsetting to some degree ambient marine o...
Nodal discontinuous Galerkin methods on graphics processors

Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations have enjoyed considerable success because they are both flexible and robust: They allow arbitrary unstructured geometries and easy control of accuracy without compromising simulation stability. Lately, another property of DG has been growing in importance: The majority of a DG operator is applied in an element-local way, with weak penalty-based element-to-element coupling. The resulting locality in memory access is one of the factors that enables DG to run on off-the-shelf, massively parallel graphics processors (GPUs). In addition, DG's high-order nature lets it require fewer data points per represented wavelength and hence fewer memory accesses, in exchange for higher arithmetic intensity. Both of these factors work significantly in favor of a GPU implementation of DG. Using a single US$400 Nvidia GTX 280 GPU, we accelerate a solver for Maxwell's equations on a general 3D unstructured grid by a factor of around 50 relative to a serial computation on a current-generation CPU. In many cases, our algorithms exhibit full use of the device's available memory bandwidth. Example computations achieve and surpass 200gigaflops/s of net application-level floating point work. In this article, we describe and derive the techniques used to reach this level of performance. In addition, we present comprehensive data on the accuracy and runtime behavior of the method.
Peripheral arterial disease and risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Extracted text; Background Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) shares several risk factors with atrial fibrillation (AF), and persons with PAD have an increased risk of stroke. It is unclear if PAD is associated with an increased risk for AF and whether this potential association explains the increased risk of stroke observed in those with PAD. Methods and Results We examined the association between PAD, measured by ankle-brachial index (ABI), and incident AF and incident stroke, separately, in 6568 participants (mean age 62±10 years, 53% women, 62% nonwhite) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). ABI values 1.4 defined PAD. AF was ascertained through review of hospital discharge records and from Medicare claims data until December 31, 2010. An independent adjudication committee ascertained stroke events. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the association between PAD and AF and stroke. Over a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 301 (4.6%) participants developed AF and 140 (2.1%) developed stroke. In a model adjusted for sociodemographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and potential confounders, PAD was associated with an increased risk of AF (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0). In a similar model, PAD was associated with incident stroke (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5), and the magnitude of risk was not different after inclusion of AF as a time-dependent covariate (hazard ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5). Conclusions PAD is associated with an increased risk of AF and stroke in MESA. Potentially, the relationship between PAD and stroke is not mediated by AF.
A Two-Level Finite-Element Discretization of the Stream Function Form of the Navier-Stokes Equations

Abstract We analyze a two-level method of discretizing the stream function form of the Navier-Stokes equations. This report presents the two-level algorithm and error analysis for the case of conforming elements. The two-level algorithm consists of solving a small nonlinear system on the coarse mesh, then solving a linear system on the fine mesh. The basic result states that the error between the coarse and fine meshes are related superlinearly via: As an example, if the Clough-Tocher triangles or the Bogner-Fox-Schmit rectangles are used, then the coarse and fine meshes are related by h = O(H 3 2 | ln H| 1 4 ) .
Facilitating Learning in Large Lecture Classes: Testing the “Teaching Team” Approach to Peer Learning

We tested the effect of voluntary peer-facilitated study groups on student learning in large introductory biology lecture classes. The peer facilitators (preceptors) were trained as part of a Teaching Team (faculty, graduate assistants, and preceptors) by faculty and Learning Center staff. Each preceptor offered one weekly study group to all students in the class. All individual study groups were similar in that they applied active-learning strategies to the class material, but they differed in the actual topics or questions discussed, which were chosen by the individual study groups. Study group participation was correlated with reduced failing grades and course dropout rates in both semesters, and participants scored better on the final exam and earned higher course grades than nonparticipants. In the spring semester the higher scores were clearly due to a significant study group effect beyond ability (grade point average). In contrast, the fall study groups had a small but nonsignificant effect after accounting for student ability. We discuss the differences between the two semesters and offer suggestions on how to implement teaching teams to optimize learning outcomes, including student feedback on study groups.
Youth Top Problems: using idiographic, consumer-guided assessment to identify treatment needs and to track change during psychotherapy.

Objective To complement standardized measurement of symptoms, we developed and tested an efficient strategy for identifying (before treatment) and repeatedly assessing (during treatment) the problems identified as most important by caregivers and youths in psychotherapy. Method A total of 178 outpatient-referred youths, 7-13 years of age, and their caregivers separately identified the 3 problems of greatest concern to them at pretreatment and then rated the severity of those problems weekly during treatment. The Top Problems measure thus formed was evaluated for (a) whether it added to the information obtained through empirically derived standardized measures (e.g., the Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001] and the Youth Self-Report [YSR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001]) and (b) whether it met conventional psychometric standards. Results The problems identified were significant and clinically relevant; most matched CBCL/YSR items while adding specificity. The top problems also complemented the information yield of the CBCL/YSR; for example, for 41% of caregivers and 79% of youths, the identified top problems did not correspond to any items of any narrowband scales in the clinical range. Evidence on test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, sensitivity to change, slope reliability, and the association of Top Problems slopes with standardized measure slopes supported the psychometric strength of the measure. Conclusions The Top Problems measure appears to be a psychometrically sound, client-guided approach that complements empirically derived standardized assessment; the approach can help focus attention and treatment planning on the problems that youths and caregivers consider most important and can generate evidence on trajectories of change in those problems during treatment.
Retarded Green's function for an electron in a parabolic quantum dot subject to a constant uniform magnetic field and an electric field of arbitrary time dependence and orientation

Abstract We have examined the retarded Schrodinger Green's function for electron propagation in a parabolically confined quantum dot subject to a constant uniform magnetic field and an electric field having arbitrary time dependence and orientation with respect to the magnetic field. This analysis was carried out using the operator equation-of-motion method of Schwinger. Our result for the Green's function of a quantum dot confined in three dimensions differs from the corresponding path integral propagator given by Jones and Papadopoulos, in that we treat an anisotropic confinement potential with anisotropic mass and include electron spin.
Work Function Tuning Via Interface Dipole by Ultrathin Reaction Layers Using AlTa and AlTaN Alloys

This letter presents a route for tuning the metal gate effective work function via interface dipoles formed using AlTa and AlTaN alloys. It was found that the AlTa alloy has a higher effective work function (4.45 eV) compared to either Al (~ 4.1 eV) or Ta (4.2 eV) gates on SiO 2 at 400 degC. This increase in effective work function was attributed to interface dipoles formed at the gate electrode and dielectric interface. The origin of this dipole is attributed to a reaction between the AlTa alloy and the dielectric layer. Similar AlTa effective work function tuning was also observed on high-k dielectrics. However, since the AlTa alloy is not thermally stable on SiO2, nitrogen was added to stabilize the electrode. The addition of N stabilizes the equivalent oxide thickness while still allowing for work function tuning under high temperatures. AlTaN alloys were deposited by reactive sputtering and resulted in an effective work function of ~ 5.1 eV after a 1000 degC anneal, making them suitable for PMOS gate applications
Heuristic issues in analog IC design

Design issues in analog IC design are discussed. Heuristic algorithms are considered as a means of reducing the computational complexity of the problem. A module generator for an op amp, which incorporates heuristic algorithms to choose circuit technology and reduce crosstalk in the placement and routing of the layout, is presented. >
Calcium polysulfide treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil

Batch treatability studies for a Cr(VI)-contaminated glacial soil from a Cr plating facility were conducted using 1X and 2X the stoichiometric ratio of calcium polysulfide (CPS). The pH of the treated soil increased from 6 to 11 upon CPS addition, but progressively returned to 8-8.5 over the course of 1 year. The 1X dosage maintained a highly reducing environment up to 21 days of monitoring with the samples exposed to atmospheric oxygen, while 2X was reducing up to 180 days of curing. The EPA regulatory method for solid Cr(VI) could not reliably predict Cr(VI) in the treated solid due to ongoing reduction during the test. SPLP results showed that the CPS created an apparent Cr(VI) mobilization during the first 60 days of treatment, with subsequent decrease in soluble Cr(VI) up to 1 year of monitoring. Synchrotron micro-X-ray analyses at 60 days curing showed that Cr(VI) was predominantly bound as highly insoluble PbCrO(4) that precipitated in the interstitial pores of the soil, with very little to no Cr(VI) associated with the abundant iron oxyhydroxides. Despite its spatial accessibility and due to its low solubility, PbCrO(4) was recalcitrant to treatment, which proceeded only very slowly as judged by the SPLP data. It is concluded that, while CPS has a long residence time in the environment and is a promising reductant, in situ reduction is not an efficient treatment method for soils with highly insoluble Cr(VI) compounds, especially in surficial layers such as the one studied.
Using shadow lines to assure accurate signal return current in electrical package analysis codes

In moment-method codes, accurate representation of signal return current usually requires that the basis function in the signal line be projected into the reference planes; this way the return current can closely follow the same path as the signal line. A technique is described that efficiently assures highly accurate return current without the need for such projection. Examples from inductive and full wave modeling of appropriate structures are presented and discussed.
HLA and Autoimmunity in Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)

Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been associated with certain class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), including HLA-DR1, DR2, DR3, DR5, and DR52. In general, these earlier HLA correlations were weak and varied considerably among reporting centers and different ethnic populations. More recently, a variety of disease-specific autoantibodies have been discovered including anti-centromere, antitopoisomerase I, and a variety of anti-nucleolar antibodies. These specificities show little overlap among one another, and each are markers for certain clinical features of SSc. At the same time, molecular studies of the MHC have provided more accurate methods for defining specific HLA alleles. Now it is becoming clear that certain HLA class II alleles, especially HLA-DQ, are more strongly associated with autoantibody subsets of SSc than with the disease itself. For example, anticentromere antibodies are strongly associated with HLA-DQB1*0501 (DQ5), DQB1*0301 (DQ7) and other DQB1 alleles possessing a glycine or tyrosine residue in position 26 of the outermost domain. Anti-topoisomerase I antibodies occur in SSc patients with HLA-DQB1*0301 (DQ7), DQB1*0302 (DQ8), DQB1*0601 (DQ6 in Japanese), and other DQB1 alleles possessing a tyrosine residue in position 30. HLA-DQ alleles associated with these autoantibodies tend to be in linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-DR specificities previously associated weakly with SSc itself. Rare multiplex families with SSc also show these same HLA haplotypes co-segregating with autoantibody profiles in affected members. Thus, it appears that MHC alleles play a role in affecting the serological expression of SSc, and the implications of these recent findings are discussed.
Photosynthesis in wood

The capacity for photosynthesis, measured as light enhanced 14CO2 uptake, was demonstrated in the wood of first and fourth year twigs of Betula pendula Roth, Populus tremuloides Michx., Syringa vulgaris L., and Tilia Americana L, but not in Gleditschia triacanthos L. In Betula and Syringa, but not in the others, photosynthesis occurred in the secondary xylem as well as in the primary xylem.
Rotational covariance and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger theorems for three or more particles of any dimension

Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are characterized by their transformation properties under a continuous symmetry group, and $N$-body operators that transform covariantly exhibit a wealth of GHZ contradictions. We show that local or noncontextual hidden variables cannot duplicate the predicted measurement outcomes for covariant transformations, and we extract specific GHZ contradictions from discrete subgroups, with no restrictions on particle number $N$ or dimension $d$ except for the general requirement that $N\ensuremath{\ge}3$ for GHZ states. However, the specific contradictions fall into three regimes distinguished by increasing demands on the number of measurement operators required for the proofs. The first regime consists of proofs found recently by Ryu et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88, 042101 (2013)], the first operator-based theorems for all odd dimensions $d$, covering many (but not all) particle numbers $N$ for each $d$. We introduce alternative methods of proof that define second and third regimes and produce theorems that fill all remaining gaps down to $N=3$ for every $d$. The common origin of all such GHZ contradictions is that the GHZ states and measurement operators transform according to different representations of the symmetry group, which has an intuitive physical interpretation.
Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension: Mechanistic, Epidemiologic, and Treatment Parallels

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increasingly prevalent condition and the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in ambulatory and hospital practice. Several clinical risk factors for AF include age, sex, valvular heart disease, obesity, sleep apnea, heart failure, and hypertension (HTN). Of all the risk factors, HTN is the most commonly encountered condition in patients with incident AF. Hypertension is associated with a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of developing new-onset AF and a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of progression to permanent AF. Hypertension predisposes to cardiac structural changes that influence the development of AF such as atrial remodeling. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system has been demonstrated to be a common mechanistic link in the pathogenesis of HTN and AF. Importantly, HTN is one of the few modifiable AF risk factors, and guideline-directed management of HTN may reduce the incidence of AF.
Narcolepsy and H1N1 Influenza Vaccination

The incidence of narcolepsy between January 2000 and December 2010 in children in western Sweden and its relation to the Pandemrix H1N1 influenza vaccination were assessed by collection of data from hospital and clinic medical records and by parent telephone interviews.
A wash-durable polyelectrolyte complex that extinguishes flames on polyester–cotton fabric

Polyester–cotton (PECO) blends are widely used in the apparel industry due to their desirable combination of comfort and durability, but their high flammability remains a safety concern. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly has proven to be a powerful tool in reducing the flammability of textiles, although the high number of processing steps is a challenge. In an effort to produce nanocoatings similar to an existing LbL recipe, consisting of poly(allylamine) and a polyphosphate, deposition of a water-soluble polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) onto PECO fabric was investigated. Treatment of this one-step coating with an acidic buffer yields a water-insoluble nanocoating capable of extinguishing flames during vertical flame testing, outperforming a similar multilayer coating assembled layer-by-layer. Pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry revealed a total heat release reduction of 30% for PECO coated with 18 wt% PEC. The coated fabric also exhibited a 78% and 31% reduction in peak heat release for cotton and polyester, respectively. In addition to stopping fire, this coating is durable to five home laundering cycles (and eight hours in boiling water) without losing any flame retardant activity. Although microscopy revealed identical structures in LbL and PEC coatings, elemental analysis revealed a difference in composition. The PEC coating showed greater flame retardancy than layer-by-layer assembled coatings using the same ingredients, while also greatly reducing the number of processing steps, making this a promising treatment for large scale fabric protection.
Abstract SY20-01: CHD5: Chromosome engineering, chromatin dynamics and cancer

Although 1p36 loss has been documented for decades and a variety of malignancies have this particular lesion, the tumor suppressor mapping to this genomic interval had not been identified. Using chromosome engineering to create models with gain and loss of the region of the mouse genome corresponding to human 1p36, we pinpointed a potent tumor suppressive interval, identified Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding domain protein 5 (CHD5) as the causative gene in the region, elucidated molecular pathways induced by CHD5, and demonstrated that CHD5 is frequently deleted in human cancer. The discovery of CHD5 as a tumor suppressor has had a major impact in the cancer field. Indeed, it is now appreciated that CHD5 is mutated in cancers of the breast, ovary, colon, and prostate, as well as in melanoma, glioma, and neuroblastoma. Furthermore, CHD5 status is a prognostic indicator of patient survival following anti-cancer therapy. Still, the mechanism by which CHD5 exerts its tumor suppressive role is barely understood. CHD5 belongs to the CHD family of SWI-SNF-like ATP dependent-chromatin remodeling proteins; however, the role of CHD5 in modulating chromatin dynamics has not been reported. Here, we show that CHD59s tumor suppressive function is dependent on its tandem plant homeodomains (PHDs)—modules that in several other chromatin-remodeling proteins regulate transcription by binding to specific covalent modifications on histone tails. Each of the two PHDs of CHD5 preferentially bind unmethylated H3K4 (H3K4me0), an interaction abrogated by methylation of H3K4 but unaffected by modification of H3K9. Consistent with its binding specificity in vitro, genome-wide ChIP-sequencing indicates that CHD5 binds loci lacking highly methylated H3K4 marks in vivo. Both loss- and gain-of-function studies reveal that CHD5 modulates transcription, and furthermore, that CHD5 is a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation. Mutation of residues within the PHDs of CHD5 that abolish H3K4me0 binding effectively abrogate the ability of CHD5 to modulate expression of target genes as well as to inhibit proliferation, leading to tumorigenesis in vivo. These findings identify CHD5 as a member of a newly appreciated class of H3K4me0-binding PHD containing proteins and reveal a critical role for this interaction in facilitating CHD59s cellular function, providing new insight into the molecular mechanism responsible for the tumor suppressive role of CHD5. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY20-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY20-01
Challenging the “Flutie Factor”: Intercollegiate Sports, Undergraduate Enrollments, and the Neoliberal University

University policy makers and many outside observers generally believe that highly visible intercollegiate athletic success increases the quantity and quality of prospective student applications, as...
Dynamic Allocation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Communication Constraints

A subset of Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) address the problem in which a vehicle is required to service targets by picking them up at an origin and deliver them to their destination. With respect to surveillance functions, this becomes a realistic problem as UAVs are restricted by operating range, data rate, Anti-Jam margins, and cost. Therefore, UAVs must be allocated to pickup targets and then deliver them to a communication range to be able to transmit information back to a command and control HQ. Research on similar problems illustrates the importance of studying dynamic scenarios as most of these problems are dynamic in nature (similar to this one). To maximize the information return to the communication range, the objective of allocating the UAVs is such that the total service time (pickup and delivery) of all the targets is minimized. A heuristic solution has been applied to this problem in previous work showing that good result can be obtained for the static problem. The focus of this research is to extend the work to operate in a dynamic scenario where requests arrive according to a stochastic process. It is shown that a solution to the static problem is also a solution to the dynamic problem. To address how the solution would perform in a dynamic environment, the scalability of the static solution is analyzed. Furthermore, the performance is analyzed under varying degrees of dynamism. Results show that the short execution times of the heuristic solution allow it to be used in a dynamic setup and show good performance under varying arrival rates. Furthermore, the boundaries for the regions of light and heavy load cases were identified and presented.
Microcell-mediated transfer of chromosome 6 into metastatic human C8161 melanoma cells suppresses metastasis but does not inhibit tumorigenicity

Structural alterations of chromosome 6, including del(6q), are often associated with metastatic melanoma; therefore, we hypothesized that a metastasis-suppressor gene could be coded on human chromosome 6. Highly metastatic C8161 human malignant melanoma cells exhibit chromosomal changes typical of late-stage melanomas. Using microcell-mediated chromosome transfer, a copy of a normal human chromosome 6 was introduced into C8161. Three randomly selected hybrid clones (neo6/C8161.1, neo6/C8161.2 and neo6/C8161.3) were assayed for metastasis in athymic nude mice. All controls - parental C8161 cells, randomly-selected single cell clones, neo-transfected cell clones, neo11/C8161.2 and neo11/C8161.3 - were tumorigenic (270/272 mice) and metastatic (208/272 mice). neo6/C8161 hybrid cells were still tumorigenic (91/93 mice) but were not metastatic (0/195 mice). The presence of the added chromosomes was verified in cultured and tumor cells by amplification of polymorphic (CA)n markers using PCR-RFLP. The neo6/C8161 hybrids display growth and morphological patterns of more differentiated cells than C8161. In Northern blot analysis an inverse relationship between metastatic ability and metastasis-suppressor gene, nm23-H1, expression is observed - with clone neo6/C8161.1 expressing the highest level of nm23 transcripts, neo6/C8161.2 and neo6/C8161.3 expressing intermediate levels, and barely detectable levels are seen in C8161. Collectively, these results suggest that a malignant melanoma metastasis-regulatory gene may be located on human chromosome 6. These results further demonstrate that tumorigenicity and metastatic ability are distinct phenotypes.
A double-blind trial with an antidepressant drug, imipramine, in multiple sclerosis.

A double-blind trial with an antidepressant drug, imipramine, in a dose of 25 mg. t.d.s. in patients with symptoms caused by multiple sclerosis showed no significant difference between the effects of the drug and a placebo.
Applying an O-MaSE Compliant Process to Develop a Holonic Multiagent System for the Evaluation of Intelligent Power Distribution Systems

This paper describes the application of an Organization-based Multiagent System Engineering O-MaSE compliant process to the development of a holonic multiagent system MAS for testing control algorithms for an intelligent power distribution system. The paper describes the Adaptive O-MaSE AO-MaSE process, which provides architects and developers a structured approach for testing and iteratively adding functionality in complex, adaptive systems. The paper describes the holonic MAS architecture for the intelligent power distribution system, the challenges encountered while developing the holonic architecture, the lessons learned during the project, and demonstrates how the application of the process enhanced project development.
Single Heteroatom Substitutions in the Efavirenz Oxazinone Ring Impact Metabolism by CYP2B6.

Previously, we observed that the oxazinone ring is important for cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) activity toward efavirenz ((4S)-6-chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one), a CYP2B6 substrate used to treat HIV. To further understand the structural characteristics of efavirenz that render it a CYP2B6 substrate, we tested the importance of each heteroatom of the oxazinone ring. We assembled a panel of five analogues: 6-chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-1,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-3,1-benzoxazine (1), (4S)-6-chloro-4-[(1E)-2-cyclopropylethenyl]-3,4-dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone (2), (4S)-6-chloro-4-(2-cyclopropylethynyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2(1H)-quinazolinone (3), 6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylethynyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2(1H)-quinolinone (4), and 6-chloro-4-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-2-one (5). The metabolism of compounds 1-5 was investigated using human liver microsomes, individual P450s, and mass spectrometry or UV/Vis absorbance detection. Steady-state analysis of CYP2B6 metabolism of 1-5 showed KM values ranging from 0.3- to 3.9-fold different from that observed for efavirenz (KM : 3.6±1.7 μm). The lowest KM values, approximating 1 μm, were observed for the metabolism of 1, whereas the greatest KM value, 14±6.4 μm, was found for 4. Our work reveals that analogues with heteroatom changes in the oxazinone ring are still CYP2B6 substrates, although the changes in KM suggest altered substrate binding.
Evolutionary “Bet-Hedgers” under Cultivation: Investigating the Domestication of Erect Knotweed ( Polygonum erectum L.) using Growth Experiments

Evolutionary “bet-hedging” refers to situations in which organisms sacrifice mean fitness for a reduction in fitness variance over time. Germination heteromorphism is the quintessential and most well understood bet-hedging strategy. It has evolved in many different plants, including the wild progenitors of some crops. Erect knotweed (Polygonum erectum L.), an annual seed crop, was cultivated in Eastern North America between c. 3000–600 BP. By c. 900 BP, cultivation had produced a domesticated subspecies with greatly reduced germination heteromorphism. Field observations and greenhouse experiments suggest that cultivation eliminated the selective pressures that maintain the bet-hedging strategy in erect knotweed, while humans also directly selected for seeds that germinated reliably and for seedlings with rapid early growth. The protection provided to erect knotweed under cultivation explains the domestication syndrome that has been observed in some archaeological assemblages. Dormancy provides seeds a means of escaping adverse conditions in time, while dispersal provides an escape in space. Farmers relaxed selective pressures that maintained dormancy in erect knotweed by acting as seed dispersers, spreading disturbance-adapted plants to predictable and protected environments, and by saving and exchanging seed stock. Experimental data also indicate that adaptive transgenerational plasticity may have been working against the expression of domestication syndrome in this case.
Strontium manganese vanadates from hydrothermal brines: Synthesis and structure of Sr2Mn2(V3O10)(VO4), Sr3Mn(V2O7)2, and Sr2Mn(VO4)2(OH)

Abstract Three new strontium manganese vanadates, Sr 2 Mn 2 (V 3 O 10 )(VO 4 ) ( I ), Sr 3 Mn(V 2 O 7 ) 2 ( II ), and Sr 2 Mn(VO 4 ) 2 (OH) ( III ), were prepared using a high temperature (580 °C) hydrothermal method with various chloride salts as the mineralizer. Minor differences in the chloride stoichiometry led to significant differences in product. Compound I crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c ( a = 6.8773(12) A, b = 15.061(3) A, c = 11.609(2) A, β = 96.745(8)°), and consists of edge-shared octahedral manganese(II) dimers coordinated by trimeric [V 3 O 10 ] and monomeric [VO 4 ] groups. Compound II crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system, P 4 3 2 1 2 ( a = 6.9951(2) A, c = 25.4390(7) A), and is built from monomeric manganese(II) octahedra chelated by two pyrovanadate [V 2 O 7 ] groups and linked to each other by additional pyrovanadates to form layers. Compound III is a noncentrosymmetric variation on the brackebuschite structure type, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 ( a = 7.6316(3) A, b = 6.1204(3) A, c = 8.6893(3) A, β = 111.3940(10)°). The structure is composed of octahedral manganese(III) edge-sharing chains coordinated to corner-sharing monomeric [VO 4 ] groups, thereby forming a manganese vanadate chain. All compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction, powder X-Ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and single-crystal Raman spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the relative stability of compound III .
Knowledge Citizens? Intellectual Disability and the Production of Social Meanings Within Educational Research

Intellectual disability may appear to many as a barrier to participation in or the production of educational research. Indeed, a common perception of individuals seen as having cognitive impairments, and especially those with minimal or no verbal communication, is that they are incapable of the reasoning or lack the deliberative capacities necessary to participate in research or policy-influencing decision making. In this essay, Ashley Taylor dismantles these assumptions, challenging both the view of intellectual disability on which they rest and the view of epistemic competence they imply. Taylor shows how the absence or exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities labels from dominant knowledge-making institutions and arenas, including within educational research, amounts to injustice and results in their tacit or overt exclusion from civic education and political membership.
Parametrics: Present and Future

The present day parametric modeling technology is playing an important role for the efficient change of product shape, for representing some part of design constraints, and for the improvement of re-usability of existing shape models. Though it provides a powerful shape modeling environment, there remains future issues which require further improvement of the technology in order to realize a real design tool. The present paper first reviews current parametric technology from the view points of underlying technology, effective applications and data structure. Then, the author proposes some ideas for making it more design tool oriented.
Nationalism and Political Identity

Introduction - identity and the politics of belonging ethnicity and nationalism primordialism instrumentalism social constructivism Quebec Bosnia Northern Ireland Eritrea responding to ethnic conflict.
Engineering History of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Telescope Element

Mission Objective Study the origin and evolution of galaxies, stars planetary systems. Optimized for infrared observations
On the diminutive morpheme -gama in Ikema, a Ryukyuan language

Abstract Ikema is defined as ‘definitely endangered’ by UNESCO (2009). The study examines an evaluative morpheme -gama used by old Ikema speakers aged 64 to 86 when speaking between Ikema speakers and when speaking Standard Japanese with outsiders. Descriptive grammar of Ikema (Hayashi 2010; Hayashi 2013 inter alia) has treated -gama as diminutive morpheme, representing smallness such as tui-gama ‘small bird’ or showing the affections to the base noun. The observations on naturally occurring data, however, revealed that the Ikema speakers barely used -gama by means of describing smallness: the most frequent use of -gama was found to be non-supplementary (Shetter 1959) and carries various socio-pragmatic functions. The related meanings/functions of -gama are presented in radial category (Lakoff 1987).
Crowd-Based Markets: Technical Progress, Civil and Social Regression

Crowd-based marketplaces facilitate peer-to-peer transactions across a variety of industries such as ride-sharing and crowdfunding. Because of their business model, crowd-based markets encourage users to share information as a means to promote trust and ultimately fuel transactions. To that end, crowd-based markets create technical designs to encourage transparency and those technical elements also introduce racial identity into the platform. This chapter discusses racial disparities in crowd-based markets and describes the economic implications of these disparities. Although crowd-based platforms can enact changes to lower racial bias, such as automated decision-making, the platforms’ economic incentives and values contradict with enforcement of self-regulatory anti-discrimination measures. As the global economy shifts toward more crowd-based solutions, the influence of crowd-based markets extends beyond their user base. Society should act to promote anti-discrimination protections in these crowd-based markets, and there is a call to action at the end of this chapter for governments, platforms, and citizens. Plus, this chapter contributes to the growing call to examine the values embedded in technology instead of viewing technology as “values neutral.”
Clinical and Demographic Parameters of Patients Treated Using a Sepsis Protocol.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate potential differences by sex in the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients treated utilizing a sepsis electronic bundle order set. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were also assessed. Methods Data on patients in whom the sepsis order set was initiated in the emergency department over a 16-month period were entered into the hospital database. Data were analyzed for differences by sex in demographic and clinical factors, treatment modalities, and in-hospital mortality. The Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple comparisons; α was set at 0.006 for sex differences. Findings A total of 2204 patients were included. Male and female cohorts were similar with regard to a variety of demographic and clinical factors, including age, Emergency Severity Index (ESI) levels 1 and 2, time to disposition, appropriateness of antibiotics, and total fluids given by weight. The ESI is an assessment score ranging from 1 to 5 (1 is emergent). There were modest differences in the source of infection (genitourinary was 4% more common in women; P = 0.03) and mode of arrival (men were 4% more likely to arrive by ambulance; P = 0.03). These differences did not achieve our predefined α of 0.006 when the Bonferroni correction was applied. Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were advanced age, arrival by ambulance, and an ESI level of 1 or 2 (all, P Implications Women were more likely to have a genitourinary cause of sepsis and less likely to arrive by ambulance. Risk factors of in-hospital mortality were older age, arrival by ambulance, and an ESI level of 1 or 2, but not sex.
When) Can AI Bots Lie

The ability of an AI agent to build mental models can open up pathways for manipulating and exploiting the human in the hopes of achieving some greater good. In fact, such behavior does not necessarily require any malicious intent but can rather be borne out of cooperative scenarios. It is also beyond the scope of misinterpretation of intents, as in the case of value alignment problems, and thus can be effectively engineered if desired (i.e. algorithms exist that can optimize such behavior not because models were misspecified but because they were misused). Such techniques pose several unresolved ethical and moral questions with regards to the design of autonomy. In this paper, we illustrate some of these issues in a teaming scenario and investigate how they are perceived by participants in a thought experiment. Finally, we end with a discussion on the moral implications of such behavior from the perspective of the doctor-patient relationship.