cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixtures of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and perfluorocarbons exhibit a synergistic effect in oxygenating hepatic hollow fiber bioreactors.

Hepatic hollow fiber (HF) bioreactors are being developed for use as bioartificial liver assist devices (BLADs). In general, BLADs suffer from O 2 limited transport, which reduces their performance. This modeling study seeks to investigate if O 2 carrying solutions consisting of mixtures of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) can enhance O 2 transport to hepatocytes cultured in the extra capillary space (ECS) of HF bioreactors. We simulated supplementing the circulating cell culture media stream of the HF bioreactor with a mixture containing these two types of oxygen carriers (HBOCs and PFCs). A mathematical model was developed based on the dimensions and physical characteristics of a commercial HF bioreactor. The resulting set of partial differential equations, which describes fluid transport; as well as, mass transport of dissolved O 2 in the pseudo-homogeneous PFC/water phase and oxygenated HBOC, was solved to yield the O 2 concentration field in the three HF domains (lumen, membrane and ECS). Our results show that mixtures of HBOC and PFC display a synergistic effect in oxygenating the ECS. Therefore, the presence of both HBOC and PFC in the circulating cell culture media dramatically improves transport of O 2 to cultured hepatocytes. Moreover, the in vivo O 2 spectrum in a liver sinusoid can be recapitulated by supplementing the HF bioreactor with a mixture of HBOCs and PFCs at an inlet pO 2 of 80 mmHg. Therefore, we expect that PFC-based oxygen carriers will be more efficient at transporting O 2 at higher O 2 levels (e.g., at an inlet pO 2 of 760 mmHg, which corresponds to pure O 2 in equilibrium with aqueous cell culture media at 1 atm).
Experimental studies on food selective behavior in squirrel monkeys fed on riboflavin deficient diet.

Summary The present study was conducted to determine the extent to which squirrel monkeys might demonstrate self-selective behavior when fed a riboflavin deficient diet, and the extent to which such a diet might lead to digestive disturbances, general weakness, lack of vigor, and loss of weight for such animals. Ss included 12 male squirrel monkeys approximately eight months of age. Experimental Ss, fed a riboflavin deficient diet, were tested on performance on a T-maze, a “vigor roller apparatus,” and observed for digestive disturbances, general weakness, and loss of weight. Control Ss, fed a balanced diet, were given the same procedure. Significant results from the .001 to the .05 levels indicated experimental Ss preferred a high riboflavin diet after the diet was deficient in this substance, and indicated digestive disturbances, lack of vigor, and loss of weight as compared with the control Ss.
Traitement endovasculaire des anévrysmes rompus de l’aorte abdominale : Deuxième partie

La rupture d’un anevrysme de l’aorte abdominale (AAA) comporte des taux eleves de morbidite et de mortalite malgre une amelioration consequente des soins apportes a ces patients critiques au cours de ces deux dernieres decennies. Cinquante a 80% des patients presentant une rupture d’AAA n’y survivent pas. Le traitement endovasculaire des AAA rompus est devenu progressivement plus populaire car il offre, en raison de son approche moins invasive, des avantages en termes de mortalite et de morbidite sur le traitement ouvert. La revue en tableaux que nous presentons ici est la deuxieme partie de notre rapport concernant le traitement endovasculaire des AAA. Comme pour la premiere partie, qui faisait le point sur les procedures electives, nous rassemblons les resultats de la litterature mondiale du traitement endovasculaire des AAA rompus sous forme de tableaux afin de fournir un outil de recherche comprehensif et concis destine a etre utilise au cours de la pratique des specialistes en chirurgies vasculaire et endovasculaire.
Do simple rules apply in honey-bee nestmate discrimination?

How do honey-bees integrate cues in nestmate recognition? Honey-bees are able to discriminate nestmates from non-nestmates using olfactory cues or contact chemoreception. Nestmates may differ from non-nestmates in either cues produced by the individuals, which have a genetic basis, or in cues that are acquired from the hive environment. Recognitive cues are learned by worker bees early in adult life; the learned cue profile serves as a template for comparison and determination of the colonial membership of bees that are encountered. We report here the response of bees to two cues: hexadecane and methyl docosonoate.
Nugget discovery in visual exploration environments by query consolidation

Queries issued by casual users or specialists exploring a dataset often point us to important subsets of the data, be it clusters, outliers or other meaningful features. Capturing and caching such queries (henceforth called nuggets) has many potential benefits, including the optimization of the system performance and the search experience of users. Unfortunately, current visual exploration systems have not yet tapped into this potential resource of identifying and sharing important queries. In this paper, we introduce a query consolidation strategy aimed at solving the general problem of isolating important queries from the potentially huge amount of queries submitted. Our solution clusters redundant queries caused by exploration-style query specification, which is prevalent in data exploration systems. To measure the similarity between queries, we designed an effective distance metric that incorporates both the query specification and the actual query result. To overcome its high complexity when comparing queries with large result sets, we designed an approximation method, which is efficient while still providing excellent accuracy. A user study conducted on multivariate data sets comparing our proposed technique to others in the literature confirms that the proposed distance metric indeed matches well with users' intuition. As proof of feasibility, we integrated our proposed query consolidation solution into the Nugget Management System (NMS) framework [22], which is based on a visual exploration system XmdvTool. A second user study indicates that both the efficiency and accuracy of users' visual exploration are enhanced when supported by NMS.
A Streak Camera Technique To Measure Plastic Plate Velocities As A Continuum

A technique was developed to measure velocities of thin plastic plates as a continuum with a streak camera at 20 mm/psec and 8.4X magnification. The plastic plates are bonded to an exploding foil with a transparent cylindrical barrel located over the exploding foil/plastic plate laminate on the side of the plastic plate. When the foil is exploded, a plastic plate is torn from the laminate and accelerated through the barrel. The velocity, acceleration, and displacement of 76-μm thick plastic plates moving through a 1 mm diameter barrel 1.5 mm long is recorded on the streak camera. Velocities to 4 mm/psec have been recorded. The actual streak record of the flying plates is recorded when the slit of the streak camera is parallel to the axis of the barrel cylinder. The barrel is backlight-ed with an exploding wire synchronized to function with the event under test. This method provides a shadowgraph record of the flying plate. The streak camera records the advancement of the plate through the barrel which is analogous to the plate velocity. The instantaneous velocity at that particular point is determined by: V = Ws/ (m tan 0) where V = velocity in mm/psec, Ws = writing speed in mm/psec, m = optical magnification, and 0 = angle between the camera slit and the tangent line at the point of interest on the streak record. The most reliable data will be recorded when 0 is near 45°. It is, therefore, desirable to choose Ws and m for a predicted velocity to generate a 0 near 45° and still meet any other requirements of the experiment.
Social factors associated with prolonged hospitalization among diabetic children.

Objective. To determine social factors associated with increased risk of hospital admission from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or diabetic coma as well as risk of prolonged hospital stay. Methods. A cohort of all children (≤21 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in the National Inpatient Sample admitted for DKA or diabetic coma during 1996 or 1997 was conducted. Patients’ age, race, gender, and insurance coverage were identified. Length of stay and charges were examined; prolonged length of stay was defined as ≥7 days. Results. A total of 8443 children with a primary hospital diagnosis of DKA and 123 children with type 1 DM and coma were identified; 55% of the children were girls, 32% were nonwhite, 29% received Medicaid insurance, and 33% resided in areas of poverty. Children with prolonged hospital stay were significantly more likely to be of nonwhite race (odds ratio [OR]: 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–2.5), to receive Medicaid insurance (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7), to live in areas of poverty (OR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7), and to be of younger age. Conclusions. When compared with state census data, nonwhite and poor children were more likely to be admitted with complications of DM and to have significantly prolonged and expensive hospital stays. These children should be targeted for intensive diabetes education and outpatient medical support both to improve their health and potentially to decrease total health care costs.
The process of failure of columnar-grained ice

Abstract Observations are reported on the cracking activity during compressive creep of columnar-grained ice with the axis of hexagonal symmetry of each grain tending to lie in the plane perpendicular to its long direction. Because of the nature of the ice and the direction of the stress relative to the columnar grains, the deformation behaviour and cracking activity were two-dimensional in nature. The cracks that formed were of the cleavage type, long and narrow, and usually involving only one or two grains. Information is presented on the strain, stress and temperature dependence of the crack density, and cracking rate (i.e. number of cracks per cm2 per unit strain). It was found that crack formation takes place when the compressive stress exceeds about 6 kg/cm2. For stress between 6 and about 10 kg/cm2, most of the cracking activity occurs during primary creep. If the stress is greater than about 12 kg/cm2, deterioration of the structure due to the cracking activity causes the primary stage of creep to...
Interaction techniques for the analysis of complex data on high-resolution displays

When combined with the organizational space provided by a simple table, physical notecards are a powerful organizational tool for information analysis. The physical presence of these cards affords many benefits but also is a source of disadvantages. For example, complex relationships among them are hard to represent. There have been a number of notecard software systems developed to address these problems. Unfortunately, the amount of visual details in such systems is lacking compared to real notecards on a large physical table; we look to alleviate this problem by providing a digital solution. One challenge with new display technology and systems is providing an efficient interface for its users. In this paper we look at comparing different interaction techniques of an emerging class of organizational systems that use high-resolution tabletop displays. The focus of these systems is to more easily and efficiently assist interaction with information. Using PDA, token, gesture, and voice interaction techniques, we conducted a within subjects experiment comparing these techniques over a large high-resolution horizontal display. We found strengths and weaknesses for each technique. In addition, we noticed that some techniques build upon and complement others.
Effect of spreading and training on sum-capacity in overloaded synchronous CDMA

This work addresses the issue of sum-capacity in an overloaded, uplink, synchronous code-division multiple access (CDMA) system in a quasi-static Rayleigh-fading environment when the receiver does not have a priori knowledge of the fading gains. Part of each fading block is reserved for channel training and the remainder of the block is used for data transmission. Two modes of operation are considered: one in which the users are allowed to update their spreading sequences based on the channel estimates, and one in which their sequences cannot be modified. For both schemes we derive the optimal training scheme and then evaluate a lower bound on sum-capacity. When all the users have the same average received power, we consider the effects on this bound caused by the training-spreading-coding tradeoff.
Poliovirus infection transiently increases COPII vesicle budding

Poliovirus (PV) requires membranes of the host cell's secretory pathway to generate replication complexes (RCs) for viral RNA synthesis. Recent work identified the intermediate compartment and the Golgi apparatus as the precursors of the replication “organelles” of PV (N. Y. Hsu et al., Cell 141:799–811, 2010). In this study, we examined the effect of PV on COPII vesicles, the secretory cargo carriers that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum and homotypically fuse to form the intermediate compartment that matures into the Golgi apparatus. We found that infection by PV results in a biphasic change in functional COPII vesicle biogenesis in cells, with an early enhancement and subsequent inhibition. Concomitant with the early increase in COPII vesicle formation, we found an increase in the membrane fraction of Sec16A, a key regulator of COPII vesicle formation. We suggest that the early burst in COPII vesicle formation detected benefits PV by increasing the precursor pool required for the formation of its RCs.
A GRADUATE COURSE IN MARRIAGE AND FAMILY ENRICHMENT

Legislation aimed at decreasing the divorce rate and the resurgence of interest in marriage and family enrichment have propelled educators to consider how well they are training new therapists in the preventive approaches to therapy. In this article, we present a graduate course to educate students about the enrichment movement and skill- and competency-based approaches to family intervention. We provide a general outline for teaching the course as well as specific resources and guidelines that can be of value to all marriage and family therapy practitioners.
Influence of likelihood function choice for estimating crop model parameters using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation method

Proper estimation of model parameters is required for ensuring accurate model predictions and good model-based decisions. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method is a Bayesian Monte Carlo parameter estimation technique that makes use of a likelihood function to measure the closeness-of-fit of modeled and observed data. Various likelihood functions and methods of combining likelihood values have been used in previous studies. This research was conducted to determine the effects of using previously reported likelihood functions in a GLUE procedure for estimating parameters in a widely-used crop simulation model. A factorial computer experiment was conducted with synthetic measurement data to compare four likelihood functions and three methods of combining likelihood values using the CERES-Maize model of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). The procedure used an arbitrarily-selected parameter set as the known ‘‘true parameter set” and the CERES-Maize model to generate true output values. Then synthetic observations of crop variables were randomly generated (four replicates) by using the simulated true output values (dry yield, anthesis date, maturity date, leaf nitrogen concentration, soil nitrate concentration, and soil moisture) and adding a random observation error based on the variances of corresponding field measurements. The environmental conditions were obtained from a sweet corn (Zea mays L.) experiment conducted in 2005 in northern Florida. Results showed that the method of combining likelihood values had a strong influence on parameter estimates. The combination method based on the product of the likelihoods associated with each set of observations reduced the uncertainties in posterior distributions of parameter estimates most significantly. It was also found that the likelihood function based on Gaussian probability density function was the best among those tested. This combination accurately estimated the true parameter values, suggesting that it can be used when estimating CERES-Maize model parameters for real experiments.
Studies on thymine-derived UV photoproducts in DNA--I. Formation and biological role of pyrimidine adducts in DNA.

— Pyrimidine (Pyr) adducts constitute a significant fraction of the photoproducts formed in DNA exposed to far UV light. The primary and secondary DNA structure affects the rate of Pyr adduct formation; for example, it increases with decreasing (Ade + Thy)/(Gua + Cyt) of the DNA and with increasing dehydration, and it is greater in double-stranded than in single-stranded DNA. Pyrimidine adducts do not appear to be involved in inter-strand cross-links, and 313 nm-induced photolysis of Pyr adducts does not cause strand breakage. The action spectrum for Pyr adduct formation is qualitatively similar to that for Pyr Pyr formation; the calculated quantum yields for its formation is essentially wavelength independent over the range 254 nm to 280 nm, but decreased somewhat at shorter wavelengths (240 nm). The biological role of Pyr adducts is still not clear. The data suggest that either Pyr adducts and their photolysis products are not lethal, or that both are lethal but can be repaired under certain conditions.
Degradation of ethylene glycol in photo Fenton systems

Abstract Ethylene glycol loss rate constants of 1.0±0.40 h−1 were achieved in photo Fenton systems containing concentrations of 1000 mg/l ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol was converted to formic acid resulting in a loss of calculated chemical oxygen demand. Iron was not catalytic in the system which may be due to the formation of ferric oxalate complexes. The system was inhibited by elevated concentrations of sulfate and a phosphate buffer solution. The optimal pH was 3.0, with significant decreases in the degradation rates below 2.8 and above 3.2. Increased TOC loss was noted in similar UV/H2O2 systems indicating a potential for increased mineralization in optimized photo Fenton systems with longer residence times.
Stray light modeling and performance of the 15cm deep space optical communications transceiver (DSOCT)

The Deep Space Optical Communications Transceiver (DSOCT) was developed as a small demonstrator testbed for evaluating optical components and systems for a deep space optical communications system. The need for a low-scatter optical system derives from the requirement for the transceiver to operate to within 2 degree solar elongation angles. An experiment in which the terminal was set up on Earth and pointed near the Sun demonstrated the terminal's ability to achieve Earth-background limited operation somewhere between 2 and 5 degrees of the edge of the solar disk, depending on the Earth-radiance background assumed as the lower bound for background light and the sky radiance conditions during the experiment. Stray light analysis matches the measured scatter to within a factor of 3, and identifies the system's secondary mirror as the main source of concern.
Feelings of worthlessness during a single complicated major depressive episode predict postremission suicide attempt

OBJECTIVE: To establish which symptoms of major depressive episode (MDE) predict postremission suicide attempts in complicated single-episode cases. METHOD: Using the nationally representative two-wave National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions data set, we identified wave 1 lifetime single-episode MDE cases in which the episode remitted by the beginning of the wave 2 three-year follow-up period (N = 2791). The analytic sample was further limited to 'complicated' cases (N = 1872) known to have elevated suicide attempt rates, defined as having two or more of the following: suicidal ideation, marked role impairment, feeling worthless, psychomotor retardation, and prolonged (>6 months) duration. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses showed that, after controlling for wave 1 suicide attempt which significantly predicted postremission suicide attempt (OR = 10.0), the additional complicated symptom 'feelings of worthlessness' during the wave 1 index episode significantly and very substantially predicted postremission suicide attempt (OR = 6.96). Neither wave 1 psychomotor retardation nor wave 1 suicidal ideation nor any of the other wave 1 depressive symptoms were significant predictors of wave 2 suicide attempt. CONCLUSION: Among depressive symptoms during an MDE, feelings of worthlessness is the only significant indicator of elevated risk of suicide attempt after the episode has remitted, beyond previous suicide attempts. Language: en
Paramagnetic point and pair defects in oxide perovskites

2014 A review is given of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) research of substitutional defects in ABO3 double oxides crystallizing in the perovskite structure. In section 2, the valency and lattice sites are considered. In section 3, the existence of transition metal-oxygen vacancy pairs, Me-Vo, is reviewed, and in 4, their atomic structure is analysed. In section 5, the determination of the local position of Fe3+ at B sites in crystals undergoing ferroelectric phase transitions is presented, and its anomalously low cubic splitting EPR parameter discussed in 6. J. Physique 42 (1981) 551-557 AVRIL 1981,
Anionic block polymerization. I. Block polymerization of styrene on polystyrene

Anionic block polymerization of styrene onto polystyrene anions was found to be a useful diagnostic method which can readily reveal when the chosen polymerization conditions are conducive to complete catalyst consumption and quantitative block polymerization. With Na-naphthalene as initiator, it was shown that under the proper polymerization conditions (a) the initiator is essentially completely consumed in the first polymerization step, thus avoiding initiation of new chains in the following polymerization steps, (b) in each block polymerization step, styrene adds quantitatively to the preformed live anions, and (c) essentially no termination is observed throughout the successive block polymerization steps. The ratio of monomer to initiator greatly affects the efficiency of initiator consumption. The rate of agitation is also considered to play a dominant role.
Developmental Loss of GABA‐ and Glycine‐induced Depolarization and Ca2+ Transients in Embryonic Rat Dorsal Horn Neurons in Culture

More than 90% of dorsal horn neurons from embryonic day 15-16 rats responded to the inhibitory amino acids GABA and glycine by a transient elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) when maintained in culture for < 1 week. This [Ca2+]i response has previously been shown to be due to depolarization and subsequent Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels following activation of bicuculline-sensitive GABAA receptors and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors. Both the number of cells responding to GABA and glycine and the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i response diminished over time in culture. By 30 days in culture, none of the cells responded to GABA, muscimol or glycine by elevation of [Ca2+]i. The loss of the [Ca2+]i response was not due to a change in the abundance or the properties of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, since over the same period of time dorsal horn neurons showed a large increase in the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient in response to 30 mM K+. Nor was the loss of the [Ca2+]i response due to a loss of GABA and glycine receptors. Instead, the decrease in the [Ca2+]i response over time paralleled a similar change in the electrophysiological responses. More than 90% of the neurons tested were depolarized in response to inhibitory amino acids during the first week in culture. After 30 days, all neurons tested responded to GABA and glycine with a hyperpolarization. These observations add support to the suggestion that GABA and glycine may excite dorsal horn neurons early in development and play a role in postmitotic differentiation.
Development of nanocrystalline structure during cryomilling of Inconel 625

Nanocrystalline Inconel 625 alloy, with a uniform distribution of grains, was synthesized using cryogenic mechanical milling. Microstructures of the powder, cryomilled for different times, were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The results indicated that both the average powder particle size and average grain size approached constant values as cryomilling time increased to 8 h. The TEM observations indicated that grains in the cryomilled powder were deformed into elongated grains with a high density of deformation faults and then fractured via cyclic impact loading in random directions. The fractured fragments from the elongated coarse grains formed nanoscale grains. The occurrence of the elongated grains, from development to disappearance during intermediate stages of milling, suggested that repeated strain fatigue and fracture, caused by the cyclic impact loading in random directions, and cold welding were responsible for the formation of a nanocrystalline structure. A high density of mechanical nanotwins on {111} planes was observed in as-cryomilled Inconel 625 powders cryomilled, as well as in Inconel 625 powder milled at room temperature, Ni20Cr powder milled at room temperature, and cryomilled pure Al.
Stochastic Syntax-Directed Translation Schemata for Correction of Errors in Context-Free Languages

A formal method of correcting errors of changed, deleted, and inserted terminals in the strings of a context-free language is considered. Grammars generating strings containing these errors are first constructed from a known grammar for the language; these new grammars are then used to specify simple syntax-directed translation schemata which can parse both correct strings and strings with errors and simultaneously produce output strings in the original language. Stochastic aspects of productions and of errors are incorporated into the correction model to assign probabilities to translations produced.
Active messages: a mechanism for integrated communication and computation

The design challenge for large-scale multiprocessors is (1) to minimize communication overhead, (2) allow communication to overlap computation, and (3) coordinate the two without sacrificing processor cost/performance. We show that existing message passing multiprocessors have unnecessarily high communication costs. Research prototypes of message driven machines demonstrate low communication overhead, but poor processor cost/performance. We introduce a simple communication mechanism, Active Messages, show that it is intrinsic to both architectures, allows cost effective use of the hardware, and offers tremendous flexibility. Implementations on nCUBE/2 and CM-5 are described and evaluated using a split-phase shared-memory extension to C, Split-C. We further show that active messages are sufficient to implement the dynamically scheduled languages for which message driven machines were designed. With this mechanism, latency tolerance becomes a programming/compiling concern. Hardware support for active messages is desirable and we outline a range of enhancements to mainstream processors.
Biomechanics of Cycling and Factors Affecting Performance

Cycling performance in human powered vehicles is affected by the interaction of a number of variables, including environment, mechanical and human factors. Engineers have generally focused on the design and development of faster, more efficient human-powered vehicles based on minimising aerodynamic drag, neglecting the human component. On the other hand, kinesiologists have examined cycling performance from a human perspective, but have been constrained by the structure of a standard bicycle. Therefore, a gap exists between research in the various disciplines. To maximise/optimise cycling performance in human-powered vehicles requires a bridging of this gap through interdisciplinary research. Changes in different variables can affect the energy requirements of cycling. These variables include: (a) changes in body position, configuration, and orientation; (b) changes in seat to pedal distance; and (c) the interaction of workload, power output, and pedalling rate. Changes in these variables alter joint angles, muscle lengths, and muscle moment arm lengths, thus affecting the tension-length, force-velocity-power relationships of multi-joint muscles and the effectiveness of force production. This is ultimately manifested as a change in the energetics of cycling. A large number of factors affect cycling performance in human-powered vehicles and a gap still exists between cycling research in various disciplines. To bridge this gap, if not completely close it, requires cooperation between disciplines and further interdisciplinary research.
Evaluation of extended-life pheromone formulations used with and without dichlorvos for boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) trapping.

Abstract Boll weevil traps baited with a ComboLure (25 of mg grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 90 of mg dichlorvos [DDVP]), an extended-release lure (25 mg of grandlure + 30 mg of eugenol + 60 of mg DDVP kill-strip), and extended-release lure with no DDVP were evaluated for boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), captures in South Texas cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fields during February–March 2005 and March–April 2006. The traps were serviced once a week for five consecutive weeks by using the same methodology as active boll weevil eradication programs. Mean captured boll weevils from extended-release lures with no DDVP were significantly higher in five of 10 trapping weeks compared with captures of the ComboLure and extended lure. Weekly mortality of boll weevils captured was similar for the ComboLure (72.6 ± 4.7%) and extended lure + DDVP (73.5 ± 4.0%), and both were significantly higher than the extended lure (32.8 ± 5.0%) with no DDVP. The presence or absence of DD...
Cytological Analysis of Tetrahymena thermophila

Since their first detection in pond water, large ciliates such as Tetrahymena thermophila, have captivated school children and scientists alike with the elegance of their swimming and the beauty of their cortical organization. Indeed, cytology - simply looking at cells - is an important component of most areas of study in cell biology and is particularly intriguing in the large, complex Tetrahymena cell. Cytological analysis of Tetrahymena is critical for the study of the microtubule cytoskeleton, membrane trafficking, complex nuclear movements and interactions, and the cellular remodeling during conjugation, to name a few topics. We briefly review previously reported cytological techniques for both light and electron microscopy, and point the reader to resources to learn about those protocols. We go on to present new and emerging technologies for the study of these marvelous cells. These include the use of fluorescent-protein tagging to localize cellular components in live cells, as well as for tracking the dynamic behavior of proteins using pulse labeling and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. For electron microscopy, cellular and antigenic preservation has been improved with the use of cryofixation and freeze-substitution. The technologies described here advance Tetrahymena cell biology to the cutting-edge of cytological analysis.
Localized molecular orbitals: A bridge between chemical intuition and molecular quantum mechanics

2. F l e x i b i l i t y o f Molecu l a r Orbi ta l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.1. T o t a l W a v e f u n c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.2. Dens i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.3. Ene rgy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.4. Se l f -Cons i s t en t -F ie ld E q u a t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.5. Degrees o f F r e e d o m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.6. S y m m e t r y P rope r t i e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Plasma potential in the sheaths of electron-emitting surfaces in space

Sheaths are formed around the surfaces of airless bodies, which both collect and emit electrons. Depending on the ratio of the emitted to collected electron fluxes Γ, the sheath potential structure can be quite different. We present the first experimental measurements of all the three types of the sheath potentials: classical, space-charge-limited (SCL), and inverse. A solid surface immersed in plasmas emits secondary electrons. The potential structure changes from a monotonic classical to a nonmonotonic SCL sheath as Γ increases. At the critical electron emission with zero electric field at the surface, the sheath potential is determined by the plasma electron temperature, and Γ approaches but remains smaller than 1, in agreement with the theoretical expectation. The nonmonotonic SCL sheath persists steadily for Γ > 1. When the emitted electron density becomes larger than the plasma electron density, a monotonic inverse sheath forms with a positive surface potential relative to the ambient.
Plantwide Incentives for Plantwide Quality: Do They Work?

This paper examines whether plantwide incentives for quality actually have incentive effects, a puzzle because high level incentives are common but potentially vulnerable to freeriding and other obstacles. We exploit a natural experiment embedded in a common but economically peculiar feature of self-funded incentives distributed under a gainsharing plan: the plant's variable costs create exogenous variation in the eligibility and magnitude of incentives. Although incentives are salient and potentially large, and despite sufficient statistical power to detect differences quality-related item returns within 1% (on an 8.5% overall rate), we find evidence that item returns stays the same in weeks there is an incentive for quality, and may actually rise when incentives are small. We interpret this as evidence that the strict incentive effects of such plantwide programs are ineffective or possibly counterproductive, at least by their intended mechanism. Rather, the effectiveness of gainsharing plans may rest on programs typically adopted simultaneously or through a sense of shared ownership that is imparted regardless of whether employees are eligible for incentives.
FRI0424 Pain scores are the primary explanatory variable for higher global estimates by patients compared to doctors in patients with all rheumatic diseases

Background Estimates of global status by doctors (DOCGL) and patients (PATGL) are discordant in about 30-40% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 1,2 This discordance has been analyzed to date only in RA patients. Objectives To analyze levels of discordance between DOCGL and PATGL in all patients with any diagnosis seen in usual clinical care at a rheumatology setting. Methods Each patient seen at an academic rheumatology clinical setting since 2005 completes a self-report MDHAQ (multidimensional health assessment questionnaire) at each visit, with scales for physical function, pain, PATGL, fatigue, anxiety, depression and quality of sleep, and demographic data. DOCGL was completed by 2 rheumatologists. One random visit of patients seen between 2005 and 2011 was analyzed, patients were classified as PATGL=DOCGL (PATGL and DOCGL within 2 of 10 units), PATGL>DOCGL (PATGL ≥2 units than DOCGL), and DOCGL≥PATGL (DOCGL ≥2 units than PATGL). Univariate odds ratios were computed to identify variables associated with discordance. Significant variables (p Results In a total of 980 patients studied, 509 (52%) had PATGL=DOCGL, 371 (38%) PATGL>DOCGL, and 100 (10%) DOCGL>PATGL. Patients with PATGL>DOCGL were more likely to be female, have less formal education and have higher MDHAQ scores (Table). In multivariate analysis, higher pain and fatigue scores were independent predictors of PATGL>DOCGL. If MDHAQ scores for pain and fatigue were not included in a second model, female gender, lower education and higher scores for depression and sleep problems were independent predictors of PATGL>DOCGL. In patients with DOCGL>PATGL, only lower fatigue was associated in multivariate analysis with lower odds of discordance (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.98). Conclusions 38% of patients estimated their statusas worse than their physicians. These patients were more likely to score higher for pain and fatigue, be female and less educated than patients whose physicians estimated clinical status as similar or worse than patients. References Barton JL, Imboden J, et al. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:857-64. Khan NA, Spencer HJ, et al. Arthritis Care Res. 2011. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Polynuclear Titanium Oxoalkoxides: Molecular Building Blocks for New Materials?

The [Ti7O4](OEt)20 molecule, Et = C2H5, is very reactive toward ethanol, and its [Ti7O4] metal oxide core structure is largely decomposed in <10 minutes. The [Ti16O16](OEt2 32 molecule, however, has a [Ti16O16] core structure which is relatively stable toward alcoholysis, and solid state 17O MAS NMR experiments using selective 17O labeling techniques show that this core structure is preserved in good yield during sol-gel polymerization.
NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Kraft Lignin

The pyrolysis of softwood (SW) kraft lignin was examined at 400, 500, 600, and 700 °C. The yields of pyrolysis oil, char, and gas were determined to be 35−44%, 57−38% and 8−18%, respectively. The pyrolysis oil has a comparable heating value with ethanol and coal. The elevated temperature of 700 °C was found as the point of primary decomposition of lignin and the secondary decomposition of pyrolysis oil. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and quantitative 13C and 31P NMR were used to characterize the pyrolysis oil. A 13C NMR database was created to provide a more accurate chemical shift assignment database for analysis of pyrolysis oils. On the basis of the results of 13C and 31P NMR for the pyrolysis oil, aliphatic hydroxyl, carboxyl, and methoxyl groups are eliminated during pyrolysis. Cleavage of ether bonds in lignin was also shown to be a primary decomposition reaction occurring during thermal treatment. The results of GPC analysis indicated that lower pyrolysis temperatures yielded a bio-oil that ha...
Synthesis and laboratory testing of a novel calcium-phosphonate reverse micelle nanofluid for oilfield mineral scale control

Mineral scale blockage is a severe challenge to the oil and gas industry. Scale inhibitors are routinely injected (squeezed) into downhole formation to control the scale threat. Other than the conventional aqueous scale inhibitor products, non-aqueous inhibitor packages are more suitable for certain low water cut and water sensitive production wells. In this study, a novel reverse micelle based inhibitor nanomaterial fluid (nanofluid) was prepared to serve as a non-aqueous scale inhibitor delivery vehicle. The nanofluid was prepared by mixing component micelle solutions at room temperature to form scale inhibitor nanomaterials. The physicochemical properties of the prepared inhibitor nanomaterials, morphology, skeletal structure and thermal decomposition, were evaluated by electron microscopy, infrared spectra and thermal gravitational analyses, respectively. The transportability of the inhibitor nanofluid was investigated via column flow-through tests. Results show that the nanofluid is transportable in a calcite medium. Furthermore, preflush solutions can impact the nanomaterial transport behavior and an organic preflush is observed to enhance the nanofluid transport compared with aqueous solution preflush. The potential field application of this reverse micelle inhibitor nanomaterial product was assessed via laboratory squeeze simulation studies. The results suggest that this non-aqueous inhibitor nanofluid exhibits an enhanced performance compared with the conventional acidic pill solution in terms of extending the squeeze lifetime. This is the first report of the synthesis of reverse micelle based scale inhibitor nanofluid and the investigation of the transport and return behavior of this product for the purpose of oilfield scale control.
Super-resolution DOA estimation via continuous group sparsity in the covariance domain

Estimation of directions-of-arrival (DoA) in the spatial co-variance model is studied. Unlike the compressed sensing methods which discretize the search domain into possible directions on a grid, the theory of super resolution is applied to estimate DoAs in the continuous domain. We reformulate the spatial spectral covariance model into a Multiple Measurement Vector (MMV)-like model, and propose a block total variation norm minimization approach, which is the analog of Group Lasso in the super-resolution framework and that promotes the group-sparsity. The DoAs can be estimated by solving its dual problem via semidefinite programming. This gridless recovery approach is verified by simulation results for both uncorrelated and correlated source signals.
Survival of albumin, IgG, IgM, and complement (C3) in human blood after ingestion by Aedes albopictus and Phlebotomus papatasi.

Abstract The levels of albumin, IgG, IgM, and complement (C3) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in Aedes albopictus and Phlebotomus papatasi at regular intervals after feeding on human blood. Albumin disappeared most rapidly; by 48 hr, detectable levels of albumin had decreased 100-fold. In contract, IgG and IgM survived longer and were still detectable at low levels several days after ingestion. C3 was intermediate in its rate of degradation. In general, serum protein disappearance occurred more rapidly in Ae. albopictus than in Ph. papatasi, despite a larger volume of blood ingested by the former.
Performance Analysis of the Music Algorithm with Spatial Smoothing in the Presence of Coherent Sources

We study the effect of spatial smoothing on the performance of the MUSIC algorithm for directions-of-arrival estimation of partially and fully coherent sources. We show that spatial smoothing improves the sensitivity of the invariant subspaces as a result of progressive decorrelation of the sources, and that the rate at which this happens depends upon the spacing and directions of the sources. This analysis explains the performance improvement observed with moving arrays in the presence of coherent sources. We also show that smoothing reduces the magnitude of the perturbations through subarray averaging, thereby further improving DOA estimation performance. Results of computer simulations are included to support our analysis.
Bayesian model calibration on active subspaces

For many applications, the calibration of model parameters is complicated by the fact that parameters are often unidentifiable in the sense that they are not uniquely determined by the data. Moreover, for problems with moderate parameter dimensions - e.g., 8-50 parameters - deterministic, frequentist, and Bayesian model calibration techniques will often stall or fail to converge. To address both problems, we consider model calibration on active subspaces comprised of linear combinations of parameters. We first discuss the construction of active subspaces for cases when gradients may or may not be available and note how one can compute global sensitivity indices. We then employ a Delayed Rejection Adaptive Metropolis algorithm to infer parameter distributions on the active subspace and then map these distributions back to the full space. We illustrate the technique for problems in which analytic solutions are available, discretized elliptic PDEs, and a closure relation employed in reactor design.
Sensitivities of Laboratory and Field Strains of the Parasitoid Anisopteromalus calartdrae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and its Host, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to Deltamethrin and Cyfluthrin

Glass vial laboratory bioassays were used to evaluate sensitivities of a laboratory strain and a malathion-resistant field strain of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to two pyrethroids, deltamethrin and cyfluthrin. Knockdown (24 h) and mortality (48 h) dose response data for the parasitoids were compared with those of laboratory and field strains of the parasitoid's host, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). For both species, higher doses were required for mortality than for knockdown. LD50 s for 48 h mortality for the field strain of A. calandrae were 0.36 (μg/vial for deltamethrin and 1.52 μg/vial for cyfluthrin. The malathion-resistant field strain of A. calandrae was about 2-fold more resistant to the pyrethroids compared with the laboratory strain. LD50s for the field strain of S. oryzae were 0.51 μg/vial for deltamethrin and 1.51 (μg/vial for cyfluthrin. There were no significant differences in response of the laboratory an...
Abstract 20664: Is Aspirin Needed as an Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Coronary Intervention?

Introduction: Prescription pattern of antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vary between hospitals and countries. In 2012...
Development of a cost effective and robust AlphaScreen® platform for application.

The use of AlphaScreen® detection has allowed researchers to examine a wide variety of molecular interactions for use in high-throughput screening. However, the cost of Alpha reagents can often be prohibitory for extended screening campaigns or for young investigators with limited funding. To reduce assay costs, many labs have focused on miniaturization, while there have been limited efforts to scale down Alpha reagents. Thus, we describe the optimization of an AlphaScreen detection platform by systematically reducing the Alpha reagents down to 2.5 μg/ml beads, without compromising assay integrity. We demonstrate that reducing bead concentration reduces detection costs substantially while yielding robust statistics. We believe this simple new protocol will enhance the future utilization of AlphaScreen technology in high-throughput screening.
Declarations and Types

This chapter describes the types in the language and the rules for declaring constants, variables, and named numbers.
Ethical Decision-Making and Implications for Decision Support

With increasing complexity of decision support systems, organizational decision making is often integrated directly into products. Evidence shows that decision-making in ethical contexts can be influenced by decision support. When designing DSS, these ethical consideration could be taken into consideration only if we understand how ethical decision making effects usage of technology. This paper reviews a model for decision-making and various instruments that measure those factors, and suggests implications for DSS design.
An Elementary Treatment of General Inner Products

SummaryA typical first course on linear algebra is usually restricted to vector spaces over the real numbers and the usual positive-definite inner product. Hence, the proof that dim(S) + dim(S⊥) = dim(ν) is not presented in a way that generalizes to non-positive–definite inner products or to vector spaces over other fields. In this note we give such a proof.