cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demystified molecular pathology of NUT midline carcinomas

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare, highly lethal cancer that occurs in children and adults of all ages. NMCs uniformly present in the midline, most commonly in the head, neck or mediastinum, as poorly differentiated carcinomas with variable degrees of squamous differentiation. This tumour is defined by rearrangement of the nuclear protein in testis ( NUT ) gene on chromosome 15q14. In most cases, NUT is involved in a balanced translocation with the BRD4 gene on chromosome 19p13.1, an event that creates a BRD4–NUT fusion gene. Variant rearrangements, some involving the BRD3 gene, occur in the remaining cases. NMC is diagnosed by detection of NUT rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridisation or reverse transcriptase PCR. Due its rarity and lack of characteristic histological features, most cases of NMC currently go unrecognised.
Location of the cell bodies of the superior rectus and inferior oblique motoneurons in the cat

Abstract Stimulation of the inferior oblique and superior rectus branches and of the whole oculomotor nerve was carried out in cats while recording either gross or unit activity within the region of the oculomotor nucleus. On the basis of a number of criteria, unit responses were selected to represent antidromic activation of cell bodies in that nucleus. For the superior rectus, these were found to be located in the contralateral caudal half of the nucleus. For the inferior oblique, antidromically activated cells appeared to be scattered throughout the ipsilateral anteroposterior extent of the nucleus, although predominating in its caudal portion. No evidence was found for a dorsoventral or lateral organization of these subnuclei cells within the main nucleus.
A flexible optrode for deep brain neurophotonics

We present the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of a novel flexible optrode for deep brain light delivery and collection. The optrode has an annular cross-section for light guiding consisting of a transparent polymer in combination with ultra thin glass, and is fabricated by a unique process we developed: V-groove guided capillary assembly. The optrode design addresses a major limitation on the length-to-diameter ratio. In addition, the optrode can provide crack-free operation during tissue insertion and/or prolonged studies.
Restructuring of similarity neighbourhoods in the developing mental lexicon.

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The original is available at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=110225&fileId=S0305000902005032
Toxic anterior segment syndrome

Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is a sterile postoperative inflammatory reaction caused by a noninfectious substance that enters the anterior segment, resulting in toxic damage to intraocular tissues. The process typically starts 12 to 48 hours after cataract/anterior segment surgery, is limited to the anterior segment of the eye, is always Gram stain and culture negative, and usually improves with steroid treatment. The primary differential diagnosis is infectious endophthalmitis. Review of the literature indicates that possible causes of TASS include intraocular solutions with inappropriate chemical composition, concentration, pH, or osmolality; preservatives; denatured ophthalmic viscosurgical devices; enzymatic detergents; bacterial endotoxin; oxidized metal deposits and residues; and factors related to intraocular lenses such as residues from polishing or sterilizing compounds. An outbreak of TASS is an environmental and toxic control issue that requires complete analysis of all medications and fluids used during surgery, as well as complete review of operating room and sterilization protocols.
Pseudo‐continuous transfer insensitive labeling technique

Transfer insensitive labeling technique (TILT) was previously applied to acquire multi-slice cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps as a pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) method. The magnetization transfer (MT) effect with TILT is well controlled by using concatenated radiofrequency pulses. However, use of TILT has been limited by several challenges, including slice profile errors, sensitivity to arterial transit time and intrinsic low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this work, we propose to address these challenges by making the original TILT method into a novel pseudo-continuous ASL approach, named pseudo-continuous transfer insensitive labeling technique (pTILT). pTILT improves perfusion acquisitions by 1) realizing pseudo-continuous tagging with non-adiabatic pulses, 2) being sensitive to slow flows in addition to fast flows, and 3) providing flexible labeling geometries. Perfusion maps during both resting state and functional tasks are successfully demonstrated in healthy volunteers with pTILT. A comparison with typical SNR values from other perfusion techniques shows that although pTILT provides less SNR than inversion-based pseudo-continuous ASL techniques, the modified sequence provides similar SNR to inversion-based PASL techniques.
Functional Diversification of Acyl-Coenzyme A Oxidases in Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis and Action

The biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) in plant peroxisomes requires the action of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACX). Among the five expressed members (ACX1–5) of the ACX gene family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), only ACX1 is known to serve a role in JA production. Here, we used transgenic promoter-reporter lines to show that ACX1 is highly expressed in mature and germinating pollen, stem epidermal cells, and other tissues in which jasmonate-signaled processes occur. Wound-induced JA accumulation was reduced in a mutant that is defective in ACX1 and was abolished in a mutant that is impaired in both ACX1 and its closely related paralog, ACX5. The severe JA deficiency in acx1/5 double mutants was accompanied by decreased resistance to the leaf-eating insect Trichoplusia ni. The double mutant also showed reduced pollen viability and fecundity. Treatment of acx1/5 plants with JA restored both protection against T. ni larvae and normal seed set. Unexpectedly, acx1/5 plants accumulated JA in response to infection by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. In contrast to mutants that are impaired in jasmonate perception or early steps of the JA biosynthetic pathway, acx1/5 plants maintained resistance to A. brassicicola infection. These results indicate that ACX1/5-mediated JA synthesis is essential for resistance to chewing insects and male reproductive function and further suggest that other ACX isozymes contribute to JA production in response to A. brassicicola challenge. Thus, different types of biotic stress may induce JA synthesis via distinct enzymatic routes.
An Optical Data -Flow Computer

For many applications, such as signal and image processing, computer vision, and artificial intelligence, the current achievable performance is much lower than that needed. Von Neumann models cannot achieve computational rates equivalent to billions of operations per second that will be required for these applications. Therefore, parallel models of computation must be used. One attractive concept for future computer architecture is the data-flow model of computation. Theoretically, maximal concurrency can be exploited using such a model. However, the lack of efficient implementation has prevented its wide use. This paper examines how optical systems can be used to break the bottlenecks that conventional electronic implementation imposes and presents a high-performance and scalable optical data-flow architecture. The architecture exploits the high degree of connectivity and inherent parallelism in optics for implementing a highly parallel instruction-level data-flow multiprocessing system. Both architectural and implementation issues are considered.
Resource assurance predicts specialist and generalist bee activity in drought.

Many short-lived desert organisms remain in diapause during drought. Theoretically, the cues desert species use to continue diapause through drought should differ depending on the availability of critical resources, but the unpredictability and infrequent occurrence of climate extremes and reduced insect activity during such events make empirical tests of this prediction difficult. An intensive study of a diverse bee–plant community through a drought event found that bee specialists of a drought-sensitive host plant were absent in the drought year in contrast to generalist bees and to specialist bees of a drought-insensitive host plant. Different responses of bee species to drought indicate that the diapause cues used by bee species allow them to reliably predict host availability. Species composition of the bee community in drought shifted towards mostly generalist species. However, we predict that more frequent and extended drought, predicted by climate change models for southwest North America, will result in bee communities that are species-poor and dominated by specialist species, as found today in the most arid desert region of North America.
Pain intensity and postoperative pulmonary complications among the elderly after abdominal surgery

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether postoperative pain intensity differs between elderly abdominal surgery patients in whom postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) develop and those in whom they do not. Methods: The exploratory secondary analysis of data from a prospective study of risk factors for PPC had a convenience sample of 86 patients (≥60 years old) after abdominal surgery at 3 Midwestern hospitals. Daily measurements from postoperative day (POD) 1 to 6 included: pain (rated 0 to 10) at rest, with coughing, deep breathing, movement and walking, and frequency of ambulation. Results: Sixteen subjects (18.6%) had a PPC develop. Subjects with PPCs had higher mean pain intensities on all measures on each POD than those without. Those with PPCs had significantly higher pain intensities at rest on POD4 (P =.010), with deep breathing on POD2 (P =.015), POD4 (P =.009), POD5 (P =.006), and POD6 (P =.009), were up to a chair significantly fewer times on POD2 (P =.043), and walked significantly fewer times on POD5 (P =.002) and POD6 (P =.000) than those without PPCs. Length of stay for those with PPCs (mean, 17.9 days; standard deviation, 15.9 days; median, 10.0 days) was significantly longer than for those without PPCs (mean, 8.5 days; standard deviation, 4.8 days; median, 7.0 days; P =.000). Conclusion: Results provide support for viewing pain as a factor that contributes to the development of PPCs among the elderly population after abdominal surgery. Therefore, nursing interventions of pain assessment and management, deep breathing, and ambulation may influence the incidence of this outcome. (Heart Lung® 2002;31:440-9.)
Social Ecological Predictors of Longitudinal HIV Treatment Adherence in Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV

Objective To apply a social ecological model to explore the psychosocial factors prospectively associated with longitudinal adherence to antiretroviral treatment in youth perinatally infected with HIV. Methods Randomly selected youth, age 8 to <19 years old, completed cognitive testing and psychosocial questionnaires at baseline as part of a multisite protocol (N ¼ 138). A validated caregiver-report measure of adherence was completed at baseline and 24 and 48 weeks after baseline. Results In multivariate analysis, youth awareness of HIV status, caregiver not fully responsible for medications, low caregiver well-being, adolescent perceptions of poor caregiver–youth relations, caregiver perceptions of low social support, and African American ethnicity were associated with nonadherence over 48 weeks. Conclusions Interventions focusing on caregivers and their interactions with the individual youth and extrafamilial system should be prioritized for prevention and treatment efforts to address nonadherence during the transition into adolescents.
POSE: getting over grainsize in parallel discrete event simulation

Parallel discrete event simulations (PDES) encompass a broad range of analytical simulations. Their utility lies in their ability to model a system and provide information about its behavior in a timely manner. Current PDES methods provide limited performance improvements over sequential simulation. Many logical models for applications have fine granularity making them challenging to parallelize. In POSE, we examine the overhead required for optimistically synchronizing events. We have designed an object model based on the concept of visualization and new adaptive optimistic methods to improve the performance of finegrained PDES applications. These novel approaches exploit the speculative nature of optimistic protocols to improve single-processor parallel over sequential performance and achieve scalability for previously hard-to-parallelize fine-grained simulations.
An incremental approach to software engineering in a science-based computing curriculum

The instruction of software engineering within the discipline of computing must not only focus on the development of software, but also provide a process by which the student can improve and evolve their software engineering skills. The student's abilities (in software engineering) must be 'scaled-up' in a logical and orderly process. A student in computer science should, at graduation, be capable of integrating cleanly and smoothly into a real-world, group-oriented software development environment. A modified curriculum is presented that permits this 'scaling-up' to occur.
Forest fragmentation affects early successional patterns on shifting cultivation fields near Indian Church, Belize

Abstract This study examines whether vegetation and soils sampled in slash-and-burn fields in an agricultural landscape near Indian Church, Belize varied as a function of cropping status (in use, 1–2 year fallow, 3–10 year fallow) and distance to older forest (adjacent to or >150 m from forest). Multi-response permutation procedures (MRPPs) indicated that species composition (woody species density, herbaceous species cover) differed significantly among all treatments (woody: P=0.006; herbaceous: P=0.0001) and between distance classes (woody: P=0.03; herbaceous: P=0.002). The frequency of herbaceous life forms also differed between distance classes (MANOVA: P=0.04), with lianas (P=0.03) and legumes (P=0.008) being more common at greater distances from forest. Soil macronutrients (P, K) were significantly lower in long-term fallows than in use fields due to sequestration by the regenerating vegetation but ammonium nitrogen was significantly lower far from older forests (two-way ANOVA: P 0.05), most likely due to seed inputs from surrounding early successional habitats. This study indicates that changes in landscape structure may influence ecological processes such as succession in fragmented tropical landscapes and underscores the need to reject a conceptualization of the landscape matrix as a featureless, inhospitable habitat in favor of one that recognizes and incorporates the influence of matrix quality and heterogeneity.
Plant-plant interactions in a subtropical mangrove-to-marsh transition zone: effects of environmental drivers

Questions Does the presence of herbaceous vegetation affect the establishment success of mangrove tree species in the transition zone between subtropical coastal mangrove forests and marshes? How do plant–plant interactions in this transition zone respond to variation in two primary coastal environmental drivers? Location Subtropical coastal region of the southern United States. Methods We conducted a greenhouse study to better understand how abiotic factors affect plant species interactions in the mangrove-to-marsh transition zone, or ecotone. We manipulated salinity (fresh, brackish or salt water) and hydrologic conditions (continuously saturated or 20-cm tidal range) to simulate ecotonal environments. Propagules of the mangroves Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa were introduced to mesocosms containing an established marsh community. Both mangrove species were also introduced to containers lacking other vegetation. We monitored mangrove establishment success and survival over 22 mo. Mangrove growth was measured as stem height and above-ground biomass. Stem height, stem density and above-ground biomass of the dominant marsh species were documented. Results Establishment success of A. germinans was reduced under saturated saltwater conditions, but establishment of L. racemosa was not affected by experimental treatments. There was complete mortality of A. germinans in mesocosms under freshwater conditions, and very low survival of L. racemosa. In contrast, survival of both species in monoculture under freshwater conditions exceeded 62%. The marsh species Distichlis spicata and Eleocharis cellulosa suppressed growth of both mangroves throughout the experiment, whereas the mangroves did not affect herbaceous species growth. The magnitude of growth suppression by marsh species varied with environmental conditions; suppression was often higher in saturated compared to tidal conditions, and higher in fresh and salt water compared to brackish water. Conclusions Our results indicate that herbaceous marsh species can suppress mangrove early seedling growth. Depending on species composition and density, marsh plants can slow mangrove landward migration under predicted climate change scenarios as salinity in freshwater and oligohaline wetlands increases with rising sea levels. Change in the relative coverage of mangrove forests and marshes will depend on both the ability of marsh species to migrate further inland as mangroves advance, and the ability of shoreline mangroves to adjust to rising sea level through accretionary processes.
Association of chronic renal insufficiency with in-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background The association of chronic renal insufficiency with outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the current era of drug‐eluting stents and modern antithrombotic therapy has not been well characterized. Methods and Results We queried the 2007–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients aged ≥18 years who underwent PCI. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare in‐hospital outcomes among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and those without CKD or ESRD. Of 3 187 404 patients who underwent PCI, 89% had no CKD/ESRD; 8.6% had CKD; and 2.4% had ESRD. Compared to patients with no CKD/ESRD, patients with CKD and patients with ESRD had higher in‐hospital mortality (1.4% versus 2.7% versus 4.4%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio for CKD 1.15, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.19, P <0.001; adjusted odds ratio for ESRD 2.29, 95% CI 2.19 to 2.40, P <0.001), higher incidence of postprocedure hemorrhage (3.5% versus 5.4% versus 6.0%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio for CKD 1.21, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.23, P <0.001; adjusted odds ratio for ESRD 1.27, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.32, P <0.001), longer average length of stay (2.9 days versus 5.0 days versus 6.4 days, respectively; P <0.001), and higher average total hospital charges ($60 526 versus $77 324 versus $97 102, respectively; P <0.001). Similar results were seen in subgroups of patients undergoing PCI for acute coronary syndrome or stable ischemic heart disease. Conclusions In patients undergoing PCI, chronic renal insufficiency is associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, higher postprocedure hemorrhage, longer average length of stay, and higher average hospital charges.
The Pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research

Abstract. This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) “Pilatus” unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2 m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up- and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and its orientation to the upward-looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedo from onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research-grade lower tropospheric measurement missions.
Student Employee Attendance Point System

Are your student employees reliable? Do they show up for their shifts? Through attending SIGUCCS conferences we have learned that many other institutions are struggling with developing attendance policies that get their students into work. We have developed a point system that is working very well that we would like to share. We started with a 3 strikes you're out base and built on that. A no-call, no-show is worth 5 points and at 15 points we terminate. We have a point structure for late and sick shifts to complete the system. All of this information is covered during new Lab Assistant orientation and is published online where the students can review it. Each time a student accrues points we send them an email telling them how many points were added and what their total is for the semester. We meet with them when they reach 10 points to go over their points so far and to make sure they understand that they will be terminated if they reach 15 points. We reset their points at the beginning of finals week. Points accrued during finals week carry over to the next semester. We typically run with between 100 and 110 students and we terminate between 1 and 6 students each semester for attendance reasons. We feel that these numbers are great and thus demonstrate the effectiveness of our system.
An Energy-Efficient Hardware Implementation of HOG-Based Object Detection at 1080HD 60 fps with Multi-Scale Support

A real-time and energy-efficient multi-scale object detector hardware implementation is presented in this paper. Detection is done using Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification. Multi-scale detection is essential for robust and practical applications to detect objects of different sizes. Parallel detectors with balanced workload are used to increase the throughput, enabling voltage scaling and energy consumption reduction. Image pre-processing is also introduced to further reduce power and area costs of the image scales generation. This design can operate on high definition 1080HD video at 60 fps in real-time with a clock rate of 270 MHz, and consumes 45.3 mW (0.36 nJ/pixel) based on post-layout simulations. The ASIC has an area of 490 kgates and 0.538 Mbit on-chip memory in a 45 nm SOI CMOS process.
The Socratic Method in Its Purest Form

Papers related to this article can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2606351; http://ssrn.com/abstract=2606348X; http://ssrn.com/abstract=2606362Professor John Mansfield only asked questions (except once he actually said something). My classmates and I didn’t think we were learning anything in his course. But we were wrong; we were learning everything in his course.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aliiroseovarius crassostreae CV919-312, the Causative Agent of Roseovarius Oyster Disease (Formerly Juvenile Oyster Disease)

ABSTRACT Aliiroseovarius crassostreae CV919-312 is a marine alphaproteobacterium and the causative agent of Roseovarius oyster disease. We announce here the draft genome sequence of A. crassostreae CV919-312 and identify potential virulence genes involved in pathogenicity.
Direction-Controlled Artificial Gravity for Space Exploration

For long-term space exploration, a unidirectional artificial gravity axis is inefficient and wasteful. The provision of direction-controlled artificial gravity, where the gravity axis can be different for every person, object or activity, leads to a far more efficient architectural design of the space exploration module. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate such direction control of artificial gravity by the use of electromagnetic forces that provide anchorage between the shoes and the track. However, such anchorage in a weightless environment, while sufficient for inanimate objects, would be insufficient for combating osteoporosis in the bones of living persons. So the paper also considers the specifications and design of a special space suit that redistributes these gravity forces over the skeleton structure of the body. For this part of the research, the weights of individual body parts were first determined. Rubber latex bands, as used in a fitness center, were then tested to determine their load/extension characteristics. Such bands could then be sewn into a body suit, which when worn in space, would apply the individual weight of the body part to that part, thereby simulating gravity forces on the skeleton structure of the body. The role that such a body suit can play in combating osteoporosis, on Earth, in older persons who are unable to do load-bearing exercises, is also discussed.
Making Beautiful Money: Currency Connoisseurship in the Nineteenth-Century United States

[T]here is an aesthetics in all things. –Melville, Moby Dick Economic and cultural historians of the United States have often marveled at the chaotic character of antebellum currency. As John Kenne...
Nrf2 Knockout Attenuates the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Curcumin

The role of phytochemicals in preventive and therapeutic medicine is a major area of scientific research. Several studies have illustrated the mechanistic roles of phytochemicals in Nrf2 transcriptional activation. The present study aims to examine the importance of the transcription factor Nrf2 by treating peritoneal macrophages from Nrf2(+/+) and Nrf2(-/-) mice ex vivo with phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and curcumin (CUR). The peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with the drugs and challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) alone and in combination with PEITC or CUR to assess their anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects based on gene and protein expression in the treated cells. LPS treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of inflammatory markers such as cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in both Nrf2(+/+) and Nrf2(-/-) macrophages, detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Nrf2(+/+) macrophages treated with PEITC and CUR exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of these anti-inflammatory genes along with an increase in the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is an antioxidative stress gene downstream of the Nrf2 transcription factor battery. Although there was no significant decrease in the expression of the anti-inflammatory genes or an increase in HO-1 expression in Nrf2(-/-) macrophages treated with either PEITC or CUR, there was a significant decrease in the protein expression of COX-2 and an increase in the expression of HO-1 in Nrf2(+/+) macrophages treated with PEITC compared to that with CUR treatment. No significant changes were observed in the macrophages from knockout animals. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production following PEITC treatment compared with that following CUR in Nrf2(+/+) macrophages, whereas no change was observed in the macrophages from knockout animals. The results from qPCR, western blot, and ELISA analyses in macrophages from Nrf2(+/+) and Nrf2 (-/-) mice indicate that Nrf2 plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of PEITC and CUR, as observed by their decreased activities in Nrf2(-/-) macrophages.
Postmortem Studies on Hypertensive Rats Chronically Intoxicated with Lead Acetate

SummaryAn experiment is reported which confirms the successful production of hypertension in rats by the administration of lead for prolonged periods.Post-mortem studies on 10 hypertensive rats and one similarly treated rat, which failed to develop hypertension, revealed no significant blood vessel alterations.The most striking and consistent finding was the presence of basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, which may represent lead or lead salts, most commonly in the tubular epithelial cells of the kidney and the Kupffer cells of the liver.Renal changes similar to those described by others in chronic lead intoxication in both humans and experimental animals were also observed but were irregular and inconspicuous features.
Enhanced hepatic microsomal activity by pretreatment of rats with acetone or isopropanol.

SummaryRat liver microsomes isolated from rats pretreated orally with acetone or isopropanol possessed an enhanced capacity to bind 14CCl4 and 14CHCl3 covalently and to demethylate DMN. The N-demethylation of ethylmorphine was unchanged by this pretreatment. Since there was no increase in the level of microsomal protein, and microsomal cytochrome P-450 or the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, the mechanism of this enhanced metabolism remains unclear.The authors acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of E. M. Boykins, M. A. Williams and W. Saul.
DORA EMILIA MORA DE RETANA, A REMEMBRANCE

It was with severe regrets that I learned of the untimely death of Dora Emilia Mora de Retana. In 1985 while completing the Orchidaceae for Flora of La Selva Biological Station, I started a search for a Costa Rican with whom to collaborate on a larger project.
Relationship of Expression of Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau and Neurocte Apoptosis in Neonatal Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage

Objective To observe the expression of microtubule-associated protein Tau in brain tissue of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) and its relationship with neurocyte apoptosis.Methods Eighty 7-day newborn Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:sham operation group(n=40) and HIBD group(n=40).HIBD models were established according to Rice′s method.At 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after hypoxia-ischemia,the brain tissue of rats in HIBD group was obtained to prepare section.The expression of Tau in periventricular white matter was detected by immunohistochemical techniques.The apoptosis of the periventricular white matter was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidytranferase-mediated2-deoxyuridine5′-riphosphate-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining.The sham operation group was dealt with the same method without hypoxia-ischemia.Results The expression of Tau in periventricular white matter cells significantly increased at 6 h after HIBD,peaked at 24 h,and lasted till 48 h,compared with that of sham operation group(Pa0.05).Fewer Tau expression and TUNEL-positive cells were found in sham operation group,compared with a marked increase in HIBD group;which began at 6 h,and continued to go up at 12,24 and 48 h,with significant statistical differences in HIBD group,and the elevated levels of Tau and neuronal apoptosis had significant correlations at different time(Pa0.05).Conclusions HIBD can cause nerve fiber degeneration in the brain periventricular white matter of neonatal rats.The level of Tau increases and the continuous activation of Tau palys an important role in the development of neuronal apoptosis in neonatal rats after HIBD.
Uncertainty Evaluation of Determination of Ni and Its Compounds in the Air of Workplace by FAAS

Objective:The research aimed to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement results for the determination of Ni and its compounds in the air from workplace,and to provide references for the analysis on uncertainty of other metal element determined by FAAS.Methods:Uncertainty components of the test were found out,combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty were calculated.Result:The study showed the sampling(0.020),the repeated measurements(0.0091),the recoveries(0.0098) were key factors influencing the reliability of results from determination of Ni and its compounds concentration in the air of workplace.Conclusion:The method of uncertaintuy for determination of Ni and its compounds in the air of workplace by FAAS can be used in quality control of determination process,In order to improve the quality of detection more effectively.
A review of mechanical ventilation strategies in children following the Fontan procedure.

This article briefly outlines the development of the Fontan operation, and details ventilation strategies after such surgery.
Emerging Optimal Control Models and Solvers for Interconnected Natural Gas and Electricity Networks

This chapter reviews emerging optimal control models for interconnected natural gas and electricity networks and discusses economic drivers motivating the development of such models. We also review computational patterns and structures arising in these models and assess the potential and limitations of state-of-the-art optimization solvers.
Macbeth: ‘Double, Double’

Macbeth, the shortest of Shakespearean tragedies, begins unlike any other. It opens not with an entrance followed by a chorus or dialogue but with stage effects, ‘Thunder and lightning’, that have far greater impact on theatre audiences than on readers. Amidst those stage effects, audiences see three figures enter — as they do in the opening moments of King Lear, which begins, far more typically, with Kent, Gloucester, and Edmund entering unaccompanied by any stage effects. The three figures who enter in Macbeth, however, are witches, not two earls af-filiated with Lear’s court and the illegitimate son of one of them.
Developing EZH2-Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer

Epigenetic targets are exciting new avenues for cancer drug discovery. Zhang and colleagues have designed the open-source EZH2 inhibitor JQEZ5 and shown antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo in preclinical studies in murine and human lung adenocarcinoma models expressing high levels of EZH2. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 949-52. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Zhang and colleagues, p. 1006.
Content analysis to classify and compare Live, Virtual, Constructive simulations and System of Systems:

In this paper, we examine to what extent Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) simulations can be used to model and simulate a System of Systems (SoS) by (1) establishing LVC and SoS domain profiles ba...
The type of the enigmatic creeping water bug Naucoris sumatranus FIEBER, 1851 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae)

In the Malesian faunal region the Naucoridae or creeping water bugs comprise 79 described species, which have been mostly subject to recent reviews and revisions (see checklist and references in Chen et al . 2005; and Zettel 2007, Polhemus & Polhemus 2008, Polhemus et al. 2008, Sites & Suputa 2008, Sites & Vitheepradit 2011). However, an exception, Naucoris sumatranus remained untreated for 160 years, since its short original description by Fieber in 1851. To fill this gap the type specimen in the Natural History Museum Vienna is redescribed and the species identity is discussed.
Energy-reliability limits in nanoscale neural networks

New device technologies such as spintronics, carbon nanotubes, and nanoscale CMOS incur random transient failures, where the failure probability is governed by the energy consumption through energy-failure functions. At the same time, there is growing use of deep neural networks for many inference applications, and specialized hardware is being developed with these nanotechnologies as physical substrates. It is important to understand the basic energy-reliability limits. Using Pippenger's mutual information propagation technique (extended to directed acyclic graphs), together with optimization, we obtain a lower bound on energy consumption in multilayer binary neural networks for a given reliability. We also obtain a simple energy allocation rule for neurons in the different layers of the neural network. The mathematical results also provide insight into mammalian neuroenergetics of brain regions involved in sensory processing.
The Cultural Origin of CEOs’ Attitudes Towards Uncertainty: Evidence from Corporate Acquisitions

We examine the role of cultural heritage in shaping U.S. CEOs’ attitudes toward uncertainty, in the context of their corporate acquisition decisions. We find that CEOs with a more uncertainty-avoiding cultural heritage are less likely to engage in acquisitions. Conditional on making an acquisition, uncertainty-averse CEOs prefer targets in familiar industries and targets that can be more easily integrated. The emphasis on cultural identity by CEOs’ parents and the ethnic composition of CEOs’ early life environment significantly influence the cultural transmission process. Cultural differences about uncertainty attitudes persist over multiple generations, but become less pronounced over time.
A point-value enhanced finite volume method based on approximate delta functions

Abstract We revisit the concept of an approximate delta function (ADF), introduced by Huynh (2011) [1] , in the form of a finite-order polynomial that holds identical integral properties to the Dirac delta function when used in conjunction with a finite-order polynomial integrand over a finite domain. We show that the use of generic ADF polynomials can be effective at recovering and generalizing several high-order methods, including Taylor-based and nodal-based Discontinuous Galerkin methods, as well as the Correction Procedure via Reconstruction. Based on the ADF concept, we then proceed to formulate a Point-value enhanced Finite Volume (PFV) method, which stores and updates the cell-averaged values inside each element as well as the unknown quantities and, if needed, their derivatives on nodal points. The sharing of nodal information with surrounding elements saves the number of degrees of freedom compared to other compact methods at the same order. To ensure conservation, cell-averaged values are updated using an identical approach to that adopted in the finite volume method. Here, the updating of nodal values and their derivatives is achieved through an ADF concept that leverages all of the elements within the domain of integration that share the same nodal point. The resulting scheme is shown to be very stable at successively increasing orders. Both accuracy and stability of the PFV method are verified using a Fourier analysis and through applications to the linear wave and nonlinear Burgers' equations in one-dimensional space.
Teaching Statistical Concepts with Student-Specific Datasets

The advent of electronic communication between students and teachers facilitates a number of new techniques in the teaching of statistics. This article presents the author's experiences with provid...
Geology of Mairan middle dome: Its implication to silicic volcanism on the Moon

Abstract Mairan middle dome (MMD), a lunar “red spot” of silicic composition, and the surrounding maria were emplaced in the same two major episodes of volcanism. Both episodes at MMD included eruptions of low-FeO, silica-rich lava, while basaltic lava flooded the surrounding terrain during these episodes. MMD is a composite of, at least, seven small volcanic edifices. Crater counts suggest that the first episode occurred at ∼3.75 ± 0.1 Ga when low FeO, high-silica lavas erupted at MMD, and Mairan T, the small dome 11 km northwest of MMD. At about the same time, basaltic composition lava erupted southeast of MMD. A second major episode of volcanism at MMD occurred at ∼3.35 ± 0.2 Ga when low FeO, and high-silica lavas erupted at the summits of individual small volcanic edifices and a central plateau area between them. During this phase, mare basaltic lavas again flooded the area surrounding MMD and Mairan T. This sequence of events indicates that the emplacement of MMD is more complex than previously thought. In addition, the simultaneous eruption of basaltic composition lavas and low FeO, high-SiO2 lavas in this region supports the underplating model for production of magma to form the “red spots” volcanic complexes on the Moon.
Microscopic Theory for Spatially Local Excitations in Semiconductor Nanostructures

We develop a cluster-expansion approach further to include spatially local excitations up to two-particle correlations. Our results show that this level is needed to explain the decreasing excitation-spot size measured in resonantly excited quantum wells.
Non–small cell lung cancers with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2) mutations

Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are important metabolic enzymes that convert isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. IDH1/2 mutations are associated with the development of multiple malignancies. In this study, we examine the prevalence and features of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with IDH1/2 mutations. From May 2013 to March 2017, 800 lung cancer samples were successfully sequenced for somatic mutations on the Ion Torrent PGM with the 50-gene AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 on the Ion Torrent PGM (318 chip). Variants were identified using the Ion Torrent Variant Caller Plugin and reference genome hg19. Golden Helix's SVS software was used for variant annotation and prediction of significance. Nine samples (1.1%) from 8 patients harbored an IDH1 (3 p.R132C and 2 p.R132L) or IDH2 mutation (p.R140W, p.R172S, and p.R172T). All patients' tumors had adenocarcinoma histology, and all patients had a smoking history. Eighty-eight percent of patients' tumors had a coexisting KRAS mutation and 6 of 8 were diagnosed at greater than 70 years of age. Five patients presented with stage IV disease and 3 with stage I. After comparison to a cohort of KRAS-mutated NSCLC with a history of smoking, IDH-mutated cases were significantly older but presented with similar rates of advanced-stage disease and sex distribution. Additional studies are needed to understand the role of IDH1/2 mutations in the development of NSCLC, but such patients who have poor prognostic indicators (KRAS mutation and advanced stage at presentation) may benefit from IDH1/2-directed therapies.
Does interval between screening and baseline matter in HD cognitive clinical trials

BACKGROUND "Practice effects" (PE), or performance improvements due to prior exposure to testing, are known to confound cognitive test results, particularly when short intervals occur between two test sessions. OBJECTIVE We examined two subsamples with short or long re-test intervals from a recent clinical trial. METHODS Thirty-four non-depressed adults with mild Huntington Disease (HD) participated. Three cognitive tests were administered at screening and again at baseline, before active treatment randomization. Half the sample had a 24-hour retest interval while the other half was >6-days. RESULTS The two groups differed on demographic/clinical factors (age, Total Motor Score and Total Functional Capacity). After controlling for age and motor score, PE differences were found on three of the five UHDRS cognitive tests: the longer interval group showed larger PE on Symbol-Digit Modalities and Stroop color, while the rapid interval group had larger PE on Stroop interference. Controlling for screening cognitive performance yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Length of interval between screening and baseline visits and level of disease severity may influence stability of UHDRS cognitive test results in clinical trials in HD.
An experimental study of the generalized second price auction

Abstract We experimentally investigate the Generalized Second Price (GSP) auction used to sell advertising positions in online search engines. Two contrasting click through rates (CTRs) are studied, under both static complete and dynamic incomplete information settings. Subjects consistently bid above the Vikrey–Clarke–Grove's (VCG) like equilibrium favored in the theoretical literature. However, bidding, at least qualitatively, satisfies the contrasting outcomes predicted under the two CTRs. For both CTRs, outcomes under the static complete information environment are similar to those in later rounds of the dynamic incomplete information environment. This supports the theoretical literature that uses the static complete information model as an approximation to the dynamic incomplete information under which advertising positions are allocated in field settings.
Spatial Transmitter Density Allocation for Frequency-Selective Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

We consider a network of pairs of nodes that perform ad hoc simultaneous communications over frequency-selective channels. We assume that the whole frequency band is divided into a number of subbands, and each transmitter can only use one subband. Assuming that the network is geometrically infinite, we use the transmission capacity (TC) as a measure of the network throughput. We consider the problem of allocating nodes to the subbands so that the total TC is maximized, under the constraint of a fixed total spatial node density. The optimization problem turns out to be nonconvex. We investigate the detailed structure of the functions involved in the optimization and identify a set of properties of the optimal transmitter density over the subbands. An iterative resource allocation scheme with low complexity is derived to obtain the global optimal solution of the TC maximization problem. The solution can be loosely interpreted as a water-filling solution for a nonconvex optimization problem. Based on numerical simulations, it is shown that the optimal solution obtained through the theoretical analysis is consistent with the one obtained through an exhaustive search, which reveals that the outage probability and the total spatial transmitter density are the keys to determining the network TC.
KRAS and TP53 status as a predictor of survival in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

276Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A and SMAD4 are established driver genes in PDAC. We aimed to determine if the mutational ...
Microglia Sculpt Sex Differences in Social Behavior.

Microglia are increasingly recognized as developmental sculptors of neural circuits. In this issue of Neuron, VanRyzin et al. (2019) demonstrate a novel mechanism by which endocannabinoids drive microglia to phagocytose newborn astrocytes in the medial amygdala of male rats, promoting sex differences in social play behavior.