cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Other Six: Governors Without The Line‐Item Veto

This article examines the absence of the line-item veto in six state governments, Indiana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It seeks to answer the following questions: Have there been proposals in recent years in those states to establish the line-item veto? Why have those states not given line-item veto authority to their governor? What is the likelihood in the foreseeable future of line-item veto adoption in any of the states now without it? Based upon six case studies of budget institutions and processes, and legislative histories of line-item veto proposals, answers to these questions are provided.
Demonstration of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder with Rydberg-dressed atoms

The Jaynes-Cummings model, a widely employed theoretical framework in cavity quantum electrodynamics, is experimentally tested on a platform involving Rydberg-blockaded atomic ensembles. The work opens the way to a richer exploration of protocols for quantum control or, more broadly, quantum computing.
The emergence and effects of the ultra-low cost carrier (ULCC) business model in the U.S. airline industry

Abstract The effects of “low cost carriers” (LCCs) such as Southwest Airlines and JetBlue Airways on the competitive landscape of the U.S. airline industry have been thoroughly documented in the academic literature and the popular press. However, the more recent emergence of another distinct airline business model—the “ultra low cost carrier” (ULCC)—has received considerably less attention. By focusing on cost efficiencies and unbundled service offerings, the ULCCs have been able to undercut the fares of both traditional network and low-cost carriers in the markets they serve. In this paper, we conduct an analysis of ULCCs in the U.S. aviation industry and demonstrate how these carriers' business models, costs, and effects on air transportation markets differ from those of the traditional LCCs. We first describe the factors that have enabled ULCCs to achieve a cost advantage over traditional LCCs and network legacy carriers. Then, using econometric models, we examine the effects of ULCC and LCC presence, entry, and exit on base airfares in 3,004 U.S. air transportation markets from 2010 to 2015. We find that in 2015, ULCC presence in a market was associated with market base fares 21% lower than average, as compared to an 8% average reduction for LCC presence. We also find that while ULCC and LCC entry both result in a 14% average reduction in fares one year after entry, ULCCs are three times as likely to abandon a market within two years of entry than are the LCCs. The results suggest that the ULCCs represent a distinct business model from traditional LCCs and that as the ULCCs grow, they will continue to play a unique and increasingly important role in the U.S. airline industry.
Chapter 1 Women and Poverty in the USA

This chapter describes the study from which these data were taken. The study was designed to estimate HIV incidence among women living in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of poverty and high prevalence of HIV infection. Anticipating that the incidence might be high, we wished to contextualize our findings by describing the lives of these women living in poverty. The chapter gives some background information on poverty and HIV in women, and then describes the study design, eligibility criteria, procedures, and results.
Desigualdad de género y enfermedades profesionales en Bélgica

El Sistema belga de indemnizacion de enfermedades profesionales produce desigualdades masivas entre hombres y mujeres. La indemnizacion de incapacidades permanentes constituye la mayor parte del presupuesto del Fondo de enfermedades profesionales. Los casos indemnizados representan aproximadamente 90% de hombres y 10% de mujeres. Este articulo formula hipotesis sobre los mecanismos juridicos de la produccion de desigualdades. Destaca el papel de los expertos medicos a nivel colectivo (en la definicion de enfermedades de la lista) y a nivel individual (en la aceptacion o el rechazo de las solicitudes de indemnizacion). El sub-registro de enfermedades profesionales de las trabajadoras contribuye a un circulo vicioso: la prevencion se organiza menos sistematicamente en muchas profesiones femeninas y consolida el estereotipo segun el cual las profesiones femeninas presentarian riesgos menores desde el punto de vista de la salud laboral.
Control Theory and Social Change: Toward a Synthesis of the System and Action Approaches

Social theories are of two basic types, involving either autonomous systems or purposive action; each type has its own distinct notion of ‘control’. In purposive action theories, individual actors are said to control certain events in attempting to further their personal self-interests. The early action theory of Parsons, symbolic interactionism, theories of psychological and economic motivation, the exchange theories of Homans and Blau — all are examples of the purposive action approach to control. In theories involving systems, by contrast, causal or power relations are maintained in equilibrium, either stable or dynamic, by some form of autonomous control relationships. System approaches include demographic and ecological theories, the later work of Parsons on social systems, Mertonian structural-functionalism, the conflict theory of Simmel and Coser, and Levi-Strauss’ functional theory of social exchange.
Neutron Yield from the (α, n) Reaction in the Isotope Oxygen-18

The problem of evaluating neutron yield from the (α, n) reaction in oxygen has been the subject of much experimental investigation for many years. However, the computational probe has not been exte...
Band-to-band tunneling limited ambipolar current in black phosphorus MOSFETs

Black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a promising channel material for highly scaled transistors with a high mobility (1000 cm2/Vs), tunable band gap (0.3 eV–2.0 eV), and anisotropic effective mass [1]-[4] at ultra-thin body thicknesses. While devices with high performance in the ON-state have been demonstrated by using Schottky contacts, the subthreshold characteristics have been poor [5],[6]. This is caused by large ambipolar carrier injection from the drain due to the relatively small, direct band gap of BP and a low effective mass. Recently, it has been shown that using electrostatically doped (ES-doped) source and drain contacts can improve the subthreshold characteristics in BP MOSFETs [7], however, the potential advantage of this approach was not well quantified. In this work, we directly compare BP MOSFETs with ES-doped and Schottky contacts, and show greatly improved subthreshold and off-state leakage behavior in ES-doped devices, particularly at high drain bias. Using a one-dimensional transport model, we further show that the advantage of the ES-doped devices is due to the ambipolar current being limited by band-to-band tunneling. Experimentally exploring BTB-tunneling in BP is a first step towards developing BP TFETs.
Economic impact of palliative care among elderly cancer patients.

91Background: Randomized trials among advanced cancer patients demonstrate that early palliative care integration into usual oncology care reduces symptom burden, improves quality of life and caregiver outcomes, and may improve survival. The impact of palliative care on health economics remains poorly defined and reported cost savings are an unintentional consequence of providing care aligned with patient goals. This study determined the impact of palliative care on healthcare costs among elderly patients with advanced cancer. Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study among Medicare beneficiaries with metastatic lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancers. We matched patients who received a palliative care consultation to similar patients who did not receive a palliative care consultation. To determine the economic impact of a palliative care consultation we compared costs between cases and controls before and after the palliative care intervention. Costs included inpatient, outpatient, home he...
Flip, Slide, or Swipe? Learning Outcomes from Paper, Computer, and Tablet Flashcards

The present study compared the effectiveness of paper and digital flashcards. College students learned vocabulary from paper, computer, or tablet flashcards that were self-created or ready-made. Students then completed a memory recall test and answered questions on cognitive load, perceived control, satisfaction, and several individual difference variables. Results showed that students learned equally well from paper and tablet but less well from computer flashcards. They were less satisfied with, and felt less in control of, computer-based flashcards. Students also felt more satisfied with paper than either digital card set. Despite these differences, cognitive load was equivalent across platforms. In addition, students recalled more words and reported expelling more effort on ready-made over self-created flashcards. The individual difference variables did not relate to recall or satisfaction. Overall, students’ satisfaction, as well as perceived difficulty and level of control over the cards, meaningfully related to performance. This research suggests that paper and digital flashcards are equally viable options for students but platform matters. Mobile technologies like tablets might be especially advantageous. Furthermore, perceptions matter. Students may be inclined towards different cards based on their perceptions of difficulty level and the like, and thus flashcards should be available in a multitude of formats.
Antibody Response to Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine is Impaired in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Infliximab Therapy.

Background Studies have demonstrated an association between anti-TNF/immunomodulator agents used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impaired hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine immunogenicity, but little data exist on whether specific medication types affect protective HBsAb titers. Our aim was to analyze this association. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria: age ≥18, diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), previous HBV vaccination series and/or ≥1 positive HBsAb, and record of IBD therapy in 6 months before titer level. Patients were stratified based upon medication exposures: anti-TNF, immunomodulator, combination anti-TNF and immunomodulatory, and a reference arm. Titer levels following vaccination and specific medication types given in the 6 months before titer were recorded. Seroprotection was defined as HBsAb ≥10 IU/l and ≥100 IU/l. Results The study cohort (N = 391) was 70.8% white, 51.4% female and 64.2% had CD and 35.8% had UC. The mean age was 45.8 years. A significantly lower percentage of patients exposed to anti-TNF, immunomodulator or dual therapy had titers ≥10 (P < 0.01). Regarding specific medications, only patients exposed to infliximab (P < 0.01) were less likely to have titer levels ≥10, after controlling for other medication exposures, age at titer level, and interval time between vaccination/titer level. This was not found for patients exposed to adalimumab, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, or azathioprine. Conclusions Patients exposed to infliximab were significantly less likely to have protective HBsAb titer levels following vaccination, a trend not seen in patients on adalimumab. Efforts to vaccinate IBD patients against HBV before use of immunomodulators and anti-TNFs, infliximab specifically, and screen periodically thereafter must be reinforced.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy Is Effective for the Treatment of Suicidal Behavior: A Meta-Analysis

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) prioritizes suicidal behavior and other self-directed violence as the primary treatment targets, and has been demonstrated to reduce self-directed violence in clinical trials. This paper synthesizes findings from controlled trials that assessed self-directed violence and suicidality, including suicide attempts, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, and accessing psychiatric crisis services. Eighteen controlled trials of DBT were identified. Random effects meta-analyses demonstrated that DBT reduced self-directed violence (d = -.324, 95% CI = -.471 to -.176), and reduced frequency of psychiatric crisis services (d = -.379, 95% CI = -.581 to -.176). There was not a significant pooled effect of DBT with regard to suicidal ideation (d = -.229, 95% CI = -.473 to .016). Our findings may reflect the prioritization of behavior over thoughts within DBT, and offer implications for clinical practice and future research concerning the implementation of DBT for acute suicidality.
Characterization of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum outer membrane proteins.

Abstract Liver abscesses are of major economic importance to the cattle industry. These are mainly associated with the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum, a non-spore forming and Gram-negative anaerobe. There are two main subspecies, F. necrophorum subspecies necrophorum and subsp. funduliforme, and they differ molecularly, morphologically, biochemically and in virulence. Previous studies have shown that the outer membrane proteins (OMP) of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum are important for its successful binding to immobilized bovine adrenal gland capillary endothelial (EJG) cells. In this study, a 42.4 kDa OMP of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum with the highest binding capacity to EJG cells was characterized. The gene was cloned into pFLAG-CTS vector and the proteins were subsequently expressed on the surface of E. coli BL21 DE3 cells. When E. coli carrying the recombinant plasmid (SM 2013) was induced using IPTG, there was significant enhancement in the binding to immobilized EJG cells compared to both uninduced SM 2013 and the E. coli carrying control vector only. When fixed EJG cells were incubated with purified native OMP, SM 2013 showed lowered levels of binding, compared to the uninduced SM 2013 and the E. coli carrying control vector only. Pre-incubation of induced SM 2013 with polyclonal antibodies made against the OMP reduced the binding to immobilized EJG cells to uninduced SM 2013 levels. This gain of function by recombinant E. coli confirms the ability of this protein to act as an adhesion to help binding of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum to host cells.
Cerebellar relation to muscle spindles in hand tracking.

Publisher Summary The cautionary warning raise on the limb studies is, whether each eye movement is indeed governed separately from all others, or whether all are affected through a differential control of a common neural element, such as the muscle spindle and the stretch reflexes. The limb and the eye are similar in their capacity to move in planned trajectories. To do this, the central processes that control the two members must face similar problems in selecting the muscles, force, direction, position (and its time derivatives), and times of initiation and termination that are needed to program a trajectory. Yet, the limb and the eye are very different in many respects and the question is whether any of the differences creates special control problems unique to one member. One such difference is the tendency of the limb to oscillate. Reasons for believing that one normal function of the intact cerebellar dentate and interposed nuclei is the control of the oscillation through adjustment of stretch reflexes are: 1) in precise ramp tracking, these cerebellar neurons do not relate to parameters of trajectory; 2) in precise ramp tracking, these cerebellar neurons do relate to spindle afferent discharge as though controlling it or being controlled by it, or both; 3) in precise ramp tracking, the one parameter of movement that these cerebellar neurons obviously monitor is tremor; 4) oscillation is itself a problem inherent in the design of the normal neuromusculoskeletal system; and 5) tremor is itself a normal phenomenon that may be kept within acceptable limits, but never prevented entirely.
DD60: Versager bringen satten Profit (Februar 2008)

„Das verstehe ich nicht! Bei unserer Sparkasse haben wir neue Leistungsgehalter vereinbart. Wir hatten aber leider ein rabenschwarzes Jahr. Mehr als 90 Prozent der Mitarbeiter haben ihre Ziele verfehlt. Jetzt erfahren wir, dass die Vorstande satte Gehaltserhohungen bekommen haben. Wie geht das? Alle versagen – und die da oben bedienen sich trotzdem?“ Ich horte zu und seufzte. Keiner hat Ahnung von Finanzen!
The use of syntax and information structure during language comprehension: Evidence from structural priming

Structural priming in comprehension seems to be more variable than in production. Sometimes it occurs without lexical overlap, sometimes it does not. This raises questions about the use of abstract...
Autoethnography is a Queer Method

This chapter argues auto-ethnography as a queer research method, one that not only works against canonical methodological traditions and 'disciplining, normalizing, social forces' but also one that satisfies the call and need to provide a pragmatic, accessible way of representing research, a way that devotes itself with 'grounded, everyday life'. Auto ethnography and queer theory share conceptual and purposeful affinities: Both refuse received notions of orthodox methodologies and focus instead on fluidity, inter subjectivity and responsiveness to particularities. Auto ethnography and queer theory are both also often criticized for being too much and too little, too much personal mess, too much theoretical jargon, too elitist, too sentimental, too removed, too difficult, too easy, too white, too Western, too colonialist, too indigenous. Queer theory primarily developed from the work of three scholars: Judith Butler, Teresa de Lauretis and Eve Sedgwick. Queer can also serve as a temporary and contingent linguistic home for individuals living outside norms of sex and gender.
Variations in Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment Program across the Nation: Environmental Scan.

Abstract Background: Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is an advance care planning tool that is designed to document end-of-life (EoL) care wishes of those living with limited ...
Conditional Stochastic Analysis for Multiphase Trsnsport in Randomly Heterogeneous, variably Saturated Media

Groundwater contamination of organics has recently become a problem of growing concern over the resulting health and environmental problems. In general, the multiphase system of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL), water and air has to be studied in order to realistically describe the movement of such materials in the subsurface. Numerous models have been developed to study multiphase flow and/or multispecies transport in porous media. However, using models to study the influence of medium heterogeneity on such flow and transport is only a recent event. It has been demonstrated for single-phase flow and transport in saturated and unsaturated media that the study of medium heterogeneity is amenable to stochastic analysis. In this paper, we extend our Eulerian–Lagrangian stochastic theory for single-phase transport to the problem of multiphase–multispecies transport in randomly heterogeneous media under the conditions that the flow is steady-state and the phases are in local chemical equilibrium. We present theoretical expressions to describe the first two conditional moments of the random concentration of any species in any phase. Though they reveal some of the fundamental properties and help gaining insight into the nature of the problem, these expressions cannot be evaluated without either high resolution Monte Carlo simulation or approximation (closure). Therefore, we propose two sets of workable approximations, one being a weak approximation and the other being a linearized pseudo-Fickian approximation. The former yields a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the first conditional moment and the latter yields a linear differential equation. Then the second moments can be computed from explicit expressions from either the weak or pseudo-Fickian approximation.
Association of serum γ-tocopherol levels with mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

γ-Tocopherol has unique properties that protect against nitrogen oxide-mediated cellular damage. To elucidate the potential role of γ-tocopherol in the aging process, we examined the associations of serum γ-tocopherol levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Among participants in the biorepository subcohort of the Multiethnic Cohort Study, pre-cancer diagnostic serum γ-tocopherol levels were measured in a subset of 3904 men and 4461 women. Of these, 22.7% of men and 13.5% of women died during a mean follow-up time of 9.6 ± 2.6 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for mortality associated with γ-tocopherol were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Positive associations of serum γ-tocopherol with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality (CVD) (Ptrend < 0.05) were detected after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and serum cholesterol levels. The respective HRs (95% CIs) for the highest versus the lowest sex-specific γ-tocopherol quartile were 1.43 (1.17–1.74), 1.79 (1.22–2.64), and 1.52 (1.10–2.11) for men and 1.58 (1.25–2.00), 1.59 (1.05–2.41), and 1.59 (1.07–2.37) for women. Associations remained significant for all-cause mortality among women after further adjusting for smoking variables and history of cancer, CVD, diabetes, and hypertension at cohort entry (highest vs. lowest γ-tocopherol quartile: HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.08–1.75; Ptrend = 0.005). Overall, associations with all-cause mortality were consistent across race/ethnicity and were significant in three of ten sex-specific racial/ethnic groups in the fully adjusted models, with no interactions between ethnicity and γ-tocopherol. The positive association between γ-tocopherol and mortality suggests a potential physiological role for γ-tocopherol in response to pathological conditions.
Teaching Quality of Life and Well-Being in Public Health

In this chapter, authors explore interrelated and multidimensional factors that influence health, well-being, and quality of life. Teaching well-being in public health requires thoughtful planning and pedagogy that moves beyond traditional didactic instruction. Using the social ecological model of health as an organizing framework, authors describe an innovative and integrated approach to teaching that aims to create quality learning experiences. Through applying Fink’s taxonomy of significant learning to public health education across health science disciplines, instructors can guide the process of active learning through incorporating each phase of the taxonomy: learning how to learn, foundational knowledge, application, integration, caring, and human dimension constructs. Creating significant learning experiences involves engaging students in multiple ways and incorporating strategies and activities that encourage lasting change in the life of the learner. In this chapter authors discuss active learning, technology utilization, reflective dialogue, and rich discussion as methods of teaching health, quality of life, and well-being within each level of the social ecological model of health: intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy. Learners explore factors related to quality of life and well-being as authors describe how influences of context, social determinants of health, contextual factors, culture, and engagement in meaningful activities relate to health. Assignment descriptions and case examples are timely and serve to equip students to meet the demands placed upon health professionals in our modern, globally connected society. Sustainable improvements in health often include a series of complementary interventions that target multiple levels of the social ecological model. The chapter culminates with examples of direct and indirect learning experiences, in which course objectives align with Fink’s taxonomy of significant learning and related activities target each level of the social ecological model. These examples illustrate the importance of engaging health science students in innovative and interprofessional learning experiences as a way to promote and sustain health, quality of life, and well-being.
Bed-type variability and till (dis)continuity beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica

Recent seismic measurements from upper Thwaites Glacier indicate that the bed-type variability is closely related to the along-flow basal topography. In high-relief subglacial highlands, stoss sides of topographic highs have a relatively higher acoustic impedance (‘hard’ bed) with lower acoustic impedance (‘soft’ till) on lee sides. This pattern is similar to observations of many deglaciated terrains. Subglacial hydraulic-potential gradient and its divergence show a tendency for water to diverge over the stoss sides and converge into the lee sides. Convergence favors a thicker or more widespread water system, which can more efficiently decouple ice from the underlying till. Under such circumstances, till deformation does occur but, fluxes are relatively small. Till carried from the lee sides onto stoss sides of downstream bumps should couple to the ice more efficiently, increasing the ability for transport by till deformation. In turn, this suggests that steady-state till transport can be achieved if the stoss-side till layer is thin or discontinuous. In addition, the large basal shear stress generated in the highlands seems too high for a bed lubricated by a continuous although thin deforming till, suggesting till discontinuity, which would allow debris-laden ice to erode bedrock on stoss sides, supplying additional till for transport.
The Challenge of Managing Atopic Dermatitis in the United States

Background Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects up to 13% of children and 10% of adults in the United States. Among patients and their families, atopic dermatitis has a considerable effect on quality of life and represents a substantial economic burden.
Assessing and responding to stress related to pulmonary function testing in cystic fibrosis through quality improvement

Background Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are performed routinely to evaluate lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Staff at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center CF Center observed stress in patients before PFTs. An interdisciplinary quality improvement (QI) team was assembled to address this clinical issue. Methods The Plan-Do-Study-Act method of QI was used to investigate feasibility of assessing stress and offering brief interventions to reduce stress before PFTs. Interventions included listening to music, covering the PFT screen, or doing breathing meditation before PFTs. Patients rated stress levels on a 1 to 5 Likert scale before and after testing. Results Of 75 patient encounters, interventions were trialed in 20. Fifteen patients who tried an intervention reported wanting to use the intervention again (five encounters had missing data); patients reported that the intervention benefited performance on PFTs in eight encounters (40%). The average pre-PFT stress rating for encounters that trialed an intervention was 2.1 and post-PFT rating was 2.0. Average stress pre-PFT and post-PFT ratings were 1.7 and 1.6 respectively, for encounters that did not trial an intervention. Median length of PFT encounter was 15 minutes regardless of whether intervention was trialed. Conclusion Some patients with CF utilized interventions, while many opted out. This QI effort identified feasible outpatient clinic interventions that did not negatively impact clinic flow. Finding ways to reduce stress associated with PFTs could have a meaningful impact on patient performance and emotional well-being for a subset of patients.
Raoultella Planticola; A Rare Case of Urinary Tract Infection in a Three-Year-Old Healthy Female

Raoultella planticola is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile bacterium found mostly in the environment. There is a high prevalence in both the soil and in water [1]. There are only a handful of case reports of Raoultella planticola causing symptomatic infections in human beings [2]. Most of the reported infections occurred in immunocompromised adult patients with multiple co-morbidities. Infection in immunocompromised patients is associated with a poor prognosis [3]. Of the available literature reviewed, there are only two cases of Raoultella planticola causing a symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in pediatric patients. The first was a case of a 16-month-old male with a history of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder neck and cystitis and the other a UTI in otherwise healthy 2-month-old female [2,4]. We are presenting a case of a healthy three-year-old female with a symptomatic UTI caused by Raoultella planticola.
The Problems of Genocide: Permanent Security and the Language of Transgression

Genocide is not only a problem of mass death, but also of how, as a relatively new idea and law, it organizes and distorts thinking about civilian destruction. Taking the normative perspective of civilian immunity from military attack, A. Dirk Moses argues that the implicit hierarchy of international criminal law, atop which sits genocide as the 'crime of crimes', blinds us to other types of humanly caused civilian death, like bombing cities, and the 'collateral damage' of missile and drone strikes. Talk of genocide, then, can function ideologically to detract from systematic violence against civilians perpetrated by governments of all types. The Problems of Genocide contends that this violence is the consequence of 'permanent security' imperatives: the striving of states, and armed groups seeking to found states, to make themselves invulnerable to threats.
Why Wellness Fails.

Abstract Although radiologists increasingly turn to interventions focused on the individual in order to address the symptoms of work-related stress and cultivate wellness, this approach can fail to address isolation and separation as causes of our distress. Despite many efforts focused on dietary, physical, and emotional health, relatively few discussions of burnout have focused on our role as members of health care teams as a solution to the problem. This discussion considers whether we can truly be ourselves without the assistance of those around us. Specifically, we need to cultivate time, space, and collaboration as critical ingredients in any truly healthy radiology workplace. Wholeness as a principle in radiologist health speaks to our status as interconnected persons and colleagues. Just as we cannot effectively care for complex patient needs on our own, we cannot truly restore health to the stressed-out radiologist in isolation. It may be that the opposite of burnout is not individual health. Where wellness falls short, we must seek wholeness.
Contralateral Axillary Nodal Metastases: Stage IV Disease or a Manifestation of Progressive Locally Advanced Breast Cancer?

Contralateral axillary nodal metastases (CAM) is classified as stage IV disease, although many centers treat CAM with curative intent. We hypothesized that patients with CAM, treated with multimodality therapy, would have improved overall survival (OS) versus patients with distant metastatic disease (M1) and similar OS to those with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Using the NCDB (2004–2016), we categorized adult patients with node-positive breast cancer into three study groups: LABC, CAM, and M1. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to visualize the unadjusted OS. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association of study group with OS. A total of 94,487 patients were identified: 122 with CAM, 12,325 with LABC, and 82,040 with M1 (median follow-up 63.6 months). LABC and CAM patients had similar histology and rates of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy receipt. However, the CAM group had significantly larger tumors, more estrogen-receptor expression, higher T-stage, and more mastectomies than the LABC group. Compared with M1 patients, CAM patients were more likely to have grade 3 and cT4 tumors. Patients with CAM and LABC had similar 5-year unadjusted OS and significantly improved OS vs M1 patients. After adjustment, LABC and CAM patients continued to have similar OS and better OS vs M1 patients. CAM patients who receive multi-modal therapy with curative intent may have OS more comparable to LABC patients than M1 patients. Out data support a reevaluation of whether CAM should remain classified as M1, as N3 may better reflect disease prognosis and treatment goals.
Implications for the Conditioning Program

(1942). Implications for the Conditioning Program. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 13, No. 8, pp. 457-457.
Suboptimal Strong Stabilization Using Fixed-Order Dynamic Compensation

This paper considers the problem of stabilizing a plant using a suboptimal stable compensator of fixed order. The resulting equations are a modified form of the optimal projection equations, with the separation principle not holding in either the full- or reduced-order case.
Low cost optronic obstacle detection sensor for unmanned surface vehicles

The need for technological transfer of robotic technology, already available and well established at research level, is now a major issue for the robotic community in order to address applications within civilian scenarios. In particular, concerning the marine and maritime context, safe and highly reliable navigation guidance and control (NGC) systems are strongly required to perform autonomous and critical operations with unmanned robots. To this aim, a very sensitive issue is represented by collision avoidance systems that have to be smart enough to reactively detect unexpected obstacles and perform the necessary avoidance manoeuvres to safely prevent collisions. The present paper proposes a highly innovative obstacle detection sensor, combining both passive and active optical devices and based on a new concept of optronic system. It is specifically conceived for collision avoidance tasks in marine environments, designed to be easily mounted on small-medium sized USVs (Unmanned Surface Vehicles). Its innovation consists in the interaction between the different integrated sensors, that are in fact totally decoupled. Preliminary experimental data collected by the sensor are reported, together with some simulations that highlight the ability of the system to detect and correctly avoid both still obstacles and mobile traversing obstacles.
User performance using an ontology-driven information retrieval (ontoir) system

Enhancing the representation and relationship of information through ontology is a promising alternative approach for knowledge organization, and this improved knowledge organization is vital for collocation of information and effective and efficient searching. This study concerns the development of an ontology-driven information retrieval (ONTOIR) system that shows explicit relationships among resources and explores the possibilities of improving user performance in searching for information. The goal of this study was to examine whether or not ontology enhances user performances in terms of recall and search time. The experiment was conducted with 40 participants to evaluate and compare the differences in user performance (recall and search time) between an ontology-driven information retrieval system and a traditional, thesaurus-driven information retrieval system. Better recall and shorter search time was found in the ontology-driven information retrieval system and relationship-based queries. Further studies between cluster-based search engines and an ontology-driven information retrieval system are needed.
Designing effective DSP laboratory courses

The multi-disciplinary nature of a DSP laboratory course makes it depend more heavily on the surrounding curriculum than many other courses. We argue that the most effective DSP laboratory courses are tailored to their specific curricula. Based on almost 15 years of experience in designing DSP laboratory courses for three different electrical and computer engineering (ECE) curricula at two different institutions, we present a general philosophy for designing DSP laboratory courses and evaluate our previous course designs as case studies.
Electrophoretic Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Biotin/Avidin Functionalized Nanoparticles

Biotin-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles are directed by the electric field and self-assembled on the streptavidin coated microelectrode. The mean deposition percentage changes most sensitively when the level of the electrophoresis current changes. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) quantifies the effect of the process parameters on the assembly results. The ANOVA shows the electrophoresis current contributes most on the nanoparticle assembly by 74.42 %. Based on the ANOVA and experimental results the optimum electrophoresis current and deposition time are determined to be 0.45 μA and 60 s, respectively. The biotin-functionalized nanoparticles are successively deposited until the streptavidin modified electrode surface is filled. The neutravidin-functionalized nanoparticles are deposited on the biotin-functionalized nanoparticle layer in the same way. The deposition process is monitored by the fluorescent microscope. By repeating this layer-by-layer process, multilayer structure of biotin- and neutravidin-functionalized nanoparticles is able to be obtained.
Summary of evidence-based systematic reviews of temporomandibular disorders.

y Evidence-based care is the new buzzword in dentistry. Evidence-based dentistry has been defined by the American Dental Association as an approach to oral health care that requires the judicious integration of systematic assessments of clinically relevant scientific evidence, relating to the patient’s oral and medical conditions and history, with the dentist’s clinical expertise and the patient’s treatment needs and preferences. 1 Huang provided further clar ification of the evidence-based view:
Enabling always-available input: through on-body interfaces

Most current input devices require dedicated attention by our hands through physical transducers such as the keys on a keyboard. Similarly, computer output is dominated by visual displays requiring most of our visual attention. While keyboards and monitors are effective I/O devices for dedicated computing activities, when our primary task is not using a computer, our hands may not be free to manipulate an input device. The goal of my dissertation is to explore how on-body interfaces can better support computing in our everyday activities.
Development of a Reversible Bending Fatigue Test Bed to Evaluate Bulk Properties Using Sub-Size Specimens

A non-standard fully reversible bending fatigue test bed of fixed displacement amplitude type was designed. A sub-size sample similar in design to the standard ASTM B593 sample was used to evaluate the high cycle bend fatigue behavior of 7075-T6 sheet specimens. Fatigue life was determined at four stress levels of 300, 240, 220, and 190 MPa at a stress ratio of −1.
Reducing horizontal linear complementarity problems

Abstract In this note, we present an algorithm to reduce a horizontal linear complementarity problem (HLCP) to a standard linear complementarity problem (LCP) whenever it is possible to do so. In fact, the algorithm is just a specialization of the matroid intersection algorithm. We also study the properties of matrix pairs that are analogous to the positive semidefiniteness and P - and P 0 -properties of a square matrix, and show that a large class of matrix pairs, including P 0 -pairs, define reducible HLCPs.
Recall of categorized and unrelated lists with complete versus discrete presentation and fast versus moderate presentation rates

In Experiment 1, free recall was higher after complete presentations of 20-word lists for 48 sec than after one list presentation at a 2.4-sec rate or four presentations at a 0.6-sec rate. The latter two conditions yielded nearly equal free recall; there was no interaction between list type and presentation condition. Category clustering was greater with complete than with discrete presentation, but within conditions, there was no relationship between clustering and free recall. In Experiment 2, instructions to use our organizational study strategy with complete lists did not improve recall. These results do not support an organizational-strategy explanation of the superiority of complete presentation. The presentation-rate results are consistent with prior data that had indicated a similarity of effectiveness for free recall of rates from about 0.5 to 3 sec; implications of that conclusion are discussed.
Gauge-invariant chiral Lagrangian and p - p annihilations

In this paper we investigate two-meson production processes inp-p annihilation at rest in a gauge-invariant, chiralSU3×SU3 symmetric Lagrangian model. The gauge field has been identified as the massive vector field which is decomposed into theρ octet and theρ′ octet. In this work bothS-wave andP-wave annihilations have been computed. Our result is compatible with the most recent experimental data. The possible contribution from higher integer spin dominance has also been discussed.
Effects of taurine and ketamine on bovine retinal membrane lipid peroxidation.

Abstract Lipid peroxidation disrupts membrane integrity and causes structural and functional alterations in ischemie tissues. Taurine and ketamine are putative ischemic protectants that affect Ca 2+ influx. Here we report the influence of these compounds on lipid peroxidation in subcellular fractions, isolated cells and intact tissue from bovine retinas. P 2 membrane fractions and isolated cells were exposed to the lipid peroxidation inducers cadmium chloride (200 μM) or l -ascorbic acid (1 mM) in the presence of 0–50mM taurine, 0–10 mM ketamine, 1 mM kynurenic acid or 1 mM dextromethorphan. The latter compounds are N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonists. Lipid peroxidation in isolated eyes reperfused after 1 h of ischemia either with or without protectants was determined by thiobarbituric acid assay. Glutathione was measured in isolated retinas subjected in vitro to simulated ischemia (no glucose or oxygenation) for 60 min either alone or in the presence of taurine or ketamine. Ketamine inhibited chemical- or ischemia-induced lipid peroxidation as well as ischemic glutathione depletion. Under the same conditions, taurine failed to affect lipid peroxidation or glutathione. The data show a direct effect of ketamine on lipid peroxidation and point to separate mechanisms of action for ketamine and taurine.
Finite Element Study of Harmonic Forcing Function Scattering Mechanisms for Cylindrical Structures

Low frequency sound radiation from cylindrical structures is generally dominated by radiation from low order (M=0, 1) circumferential harmonic modes. The high order circumferential harmonic modes are inefficient radiators below the coincidence frequency. For cylindrical structures excited by low frequency, high circumferential order (e.g. N=10) forcing functions, the radiated sound will be dominated by radiation from the low order modes if the forcing function is scattered by structural asymmetries into these modes. In this study, cylindrical structures of varying levels of asymmetry are examined using finite element analysis to quantify the scattering of order N harmonic forcing functions into order M structural response harmonics. First, purely axially-symmetric structures are examined to verify the analysis method used. The models examined include a finite cylinder with constant cross-section and a finite cylinder with tapered cross-section. The constant cross-section cylinder is analyzed in vacuo, and the tapered cylinder is analyzed both in vacuo and with water loading. These structures show no harmonic scattering, as would be expected. Next, a finite tapered cylinder with cyclically symmetric impedance discontinuities and a finite tapered cylinder with an asymmetric large impedance discontinuities are analyzed, both with water loading, to determine the impact of structural discontinuity on the harmonic scattering and radiated sound spectra. The periodic and single discontinuities both show significant scattering into low order circumferential modes and corresponding increases in radiated sound.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The morphology of rigid‐rod polymers and molecular composites resulting from coagulation processing

The effects of processing conditions on the morphology of molecular composite films are examined by optical and electron microscopy. During coagulation processing from solutions in methanesulfonic acid (MSA), rigid-rod polymer, such as poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO), phase separates into undesirable aggregates. The coagulant and the method of its introduction have been found to exert a strong impact on the final film morphology. A quench of a PBO solution in MSA into a water bath results in a three dimensional interconnected network of PBO, while a slower introduction of water results in a more amorphous material. A computer simulation program of the coagulation process has been developed to better understand the different structures emerging from coagulation processing of molecular composites. The simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
Promoting Quality of Care for ESRD Patients: The Role of the ESRD Networks

The 18 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Networks were established by Congress to oversee the care of Medicare beneficiaries with ESRD, serving as HCFA's primary quality improvement (QI) agents. The Networks play a critical role in the ESRD surveillance system by collecting, analyzing and disseminating data from dialysis clinics regarding the occurrence of ESRD, and the processes of care and outcomes of ESRD patients. In addition, under the direction of volunteer Medical Review Boards, the Networks propose, design and implement regional QI activities targeting specific areas in the delivery of ESRD care, and provide technical assistance to foster QI at the facility level. In this article, we discuss the ESRD Network system and review the scope of QI activities through which the Networks accomplish their mission.
Is there anyone out there who really is interested in the speaker

This paper discusses two important issues of current pragmatics research as related to dialogue and discourse: interest in the hearer rather than the speaker, and focus on utterance rather than dialogue and discourse segment. These two issues are intertwined, and they are each other’s consequences. It will be argued that current pragmatic theories appear to be hearer-centered and utterance-centered and they consider communication recipient design and intention recognition. This explains why the main interest in these theories is in interpretation: recovery of speaker’s meaning by the hearer. The paper claims that hearer-centeredness is a direct consequence of the fact that pragmatics is an utterance-based inquiry. In order for us to get closer to what exactly the speaker has wanted to say we need to go beyond utterance to dialogue and discourse segment. This would require rethinking and reevaluating, to some extent, what current pragmatics is all about. In fact this process has already started. Several studies have been talking about “narrow pragmatics” and “wide pragmatics” discussing the relationship of pragmatics, dialogue (e.g. Weigand 2001, 2004, 2006, 2010, Cooren 2010) and discourse analysis (e.g. Puig 2003, Taboada and Mann 2006, De Saussure 2007).
Poly(A) tail synthesis and regulation: recent structural insights.

Abstract Polyadenylation at the 3′ ends of mRNAs is critical to the translation and stability of the messages. Recently determined structures of poly(A) polymerase, U1A and domains of the poly(A)-binding protein provide a framework for understanding the synthesis and regulation of the poly(A) tail.