cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TUBERCULIN TYPE OF HYPERSENSITIZATION TO CRYSTALLINE VITAMIN B-12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN) INDUCED IN GUINEA PIGS.

Abstract Crystalline vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin), emulsified with Freund's adjuvants including killed tubercle bacilli and injected intracutaneously, is capable of sensitizing guinea pigs to crystalline vitamin B 12 . The specificity of sensitization to vitamin B 12 was ascertained by sensitizing with cyanocobalamin derived from Streptomyces fermentation liquor and by a skin test with crystallin vitamin B 12 derived from liver. The sensitization induced is of the tuberculin type and reaches its peak in 24 to 48 hours after the skin test injection.
The periodic table model of the gender transpositions: Part I. A theory based on masculinization and defeminization of the brain

Students of human sexuality have long tried to make sense of atypical masculinity, femininity, sexual object choice, gender identity, or clothing choice. In Part I of this paper, we propose a theory to organize and to make sensible most of the major facts about these gender transpositions—a periodic table model of the gender transpositions. People have neural substrates that have been subjected to particular combinations of two distinct biobehavioral processes: masculinization and defeminization. In our theory, we hypothesize that individuals exhibit behaviors reflecting particular degrees of masculinization and/or defeminization, at least probabilistically. Therefore, each sexological group is characterized by a distinct distribution of its members centered about one particular combination of the two. Many other facts about the gender transpositions, as well as about aspects of gender roles in typical men and women, then flow from the theory. We also consider the possible mechanisms of brain masculinizat...
Content-Analytic Techniques and Judicial Research

Content analysis is used widely by judicial scholars to classify judicial decisions and opinions. Unfortunately, much of the existing research either ignores or is insensitive to the demands of this methodology, resulting in findings based on potentially faulty data. Content analysis techniques and standards are discussed in this article which would likely produce highly reliable data. A case study involving U.S. Supreme Court decisions is also presented to demonstrate these techniques and to discuss options for researchers when less than fully reliable data are produced.
Reference ranges for blood concentrations of eosinophils and monocytes during the neonatal period defined from over 63 000 records in a multihospital health-care system

Reference ranges for blood concentrations of eosinophils and monocytes during the neonatal period defined from over 63 000 records in a multihospital health-care system
Endogenous circadian rhythms in rats recovered from lateral hypothalamic lesions

Abstract Compared with intact controls, rats which have recovered spontaneous ingestion after lateral hypothalamic lesions show exaggerated nocturnal rhythms. Food intake was low and water intake negligible in the light part of a LD 12:12 cycle. The endogenous rhythms persisted in constant dark, and were clearly free running in constant light with periods of 25–26 hr. Animals with relatively asymmetric damage showed strong LL suppression of intake on the first day; animals with symmetric damage showed no LL suppression and the strongest free running rhythms; rats with the largest lesions showed a permanent LL suppression of fluid intake from Day 3 onward. The LL rhythms were rapidly reentrained with a restored LD cycle, with phase shifts of over 90°/24 hr. Recovered laterals which were previously blinded by orbital enucleation showed free running rhythms with periods close to 24 hr. The division of the 24 hr period into active (α) and quiescent (ϱ) phases is much more sharply defined after the lesion. This is especially marked for drinking; feeding and activity rhythms are very similar. It is suggested that the recovered lateral is dependent upon endogenous oscillator(s) subserving motivated behaviors, and implications for the recovery of function and residual impairments are discussed.
Sulfur coating of urea treated with attapulgite clay

A commercial attapulgite-type gelling clay was added as a conditioning-hardening agent to urea which was then tested as a substrate for sulfur coating. The coating tests were made in bench-scale batch equipment. The total coating weights and the 7-day dissolution rates of the sulfur-coated products were determined and compared with those from similar tests of previously made sulfur-coated urea products containing calcium lignosulfonate or formaldehyde. Compared with urea substrates containing formaldehyde, the urea containing attapulgite clay required about one-third less sulfur coating to attain the same 7-day dissolution rate. The urea containing attapulgite clay and the urea containing calcium lignosulfonate were about equally effective as substrates for sulfur coating.
Neutral B-meson decay and the search for hybrid mesons

Abstract We discuss the possibility that the decay of the neutral B mesons via a non-spectator mechanism might have a significant branching fraction into ( q q g ) states. The lightest such hybrid mesons would be recognizable as narroe state of mass 1.6 ± 0.4 GeV c 2 decaying predominantly into hadrons containing strange quarks.
Academic Plagiarism at the Faculty Level: Legal Versus Ethical Issues and a Case Study

Plagiarism by college and university faculty members has become a growing issue and concern in academia. This paper presents a case study of an extreme and clear case of such plagiarism. Yet an analysis of the legal and ethical contexts of such plagiarism, and the specific chronicle of this case, illustrate the complexities and difficulties in dealing with such situations. Implications for researchers, for colleges and universities, and for academic publishers and journals are offered.
Inner‐crown Microenvironments of Two Emergent Tree Species in a Lowland Wet Forest

Vascular epiphyte communities, comprising up to 25 percent of tropical forest flora, contribute to plant diversity and thus ecosystem-level processes; however, one of the proximal determinants of those communities, microclimate, is little studied. Here we present the first comprehensive study of microclimates in the inner crowns of two emergent tree species, Hyeronima alchorneoides and Lecythis ampla, at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. We examined photon flux density, temperature, vapor pressure, and humidity in inner-crown branches during the wet and dry seasons and during the wet-season leafless phase of Lecythis. In both seasons, the percentage daily PFD in foliated Lecythis crowns (9%, wet season; 11%, dry season) was significantly higher than in Hyeronima crowns (5%, both seasons), with the leafless wet-season PFD of Lecythis reaching 23 percent of full sun. Temperature and vapor pressure varied less in Hyeronima than in Lecythis crowns during the dry season. Microenvironmental conditions for epiphytes within Hyeronima crowns were more spatially and temporally homogeneous and were more buffered from ambient conditions than within Lecythis crowns. Growing conditions within the crowns of the same trees and among different trees were measurably different and are likely to affect the structure and composition of the resident epiphyte communities.
Challenging points of contact among supervisor, mentor teacher and teacher candidates: conflicting institutional expectations

Grounded in an ethnographic logic of inquiry utilizing the concept of languaculture, this study explores how cultural differences between a field-based team and the university supervisor led to unanticipated challenges and points of conflict in an early childhood teacher education program in Midwestern United States. By examining points of contact as points of cross-cultural interaction, researchers examine ways in which (a) cultural expectations proposed through the discourse-in-use of teacher candidates, mentor teacher, and university supervisory personnel made visible what counted as expected practices and (b) cultural differences in the inscriptions of the field-based actors and university program. Findings indicate that the field-based team (re)formulated and provided a rationale for what counted as appropriate ways of lesson planning and lead teaching. However, after providing extensive support for building the team, the university expectations returned to a static model, thus failing to accommodate...
The effect of culture conditions on the fluidity of mouse neuroblastoma membranes as estimated by spin label studies

Abstract Gas chromatography and spin labeling were used to estimate the composition and fluidity of the lipid acyl chains in intact cell membranes of mouse C1300 neuroblastoma. Neurite formation and an increase in the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase are induced in this cell line by the removal of serum from the culture medium for one day prior to harvesting the cells. The fatty acid composition of induced cells was not significantly different from that of the non-induced controls. Each of the three fatty acid spin labels used in this study indicate that the membranes of induced cells are slightly more fluid than the membranes of control cells. This difference in fluidity appears to be a result of a reduction in the progressive decrease in fluidity occurring during growth in serum. A four-fold reduction in cell viability had no effect on the measured bilayer fluidity. Thus the changes in fluidity appear to be due to the presence or absence of serum rather than to cell type, age, or viability.
Elective Cyclosporine Withdrawal 1 Year After Renal Transplantation

Whether the risks of acute rejection after elective cyclosporine (CsA) withdrawal in renal transplantation outweigh the potential benefits is unclear. We examined results for 236 patients who underwent transplantation between January 1986 and June 1991. Patients were treated with prophylactic CsA, prednisone, and azathioprine, and had grafts that functioned at least 1 year. We elected to withdraw CsA after 1 year in 192 patients who were rejection free for 12 months. Thirty-four patients elected to continue CsA. In 1988 a protocol that tapered CsA over 6 weeks was abandoned when eight (29.6%) of the first 27 patients developed acute rejection within 6 months. We then adopted a 12-week CsA taper preceded by 1 month of increased azathioprine (2.5 mg/d as tolerated) and followed by increased prednisone (30 mg/d for 1 week, 20 mg/d for 1 week, 15 mg/day for 6 months, then 15 mg/d on alternate days). With this protocol the incidence of postwithdrawal acute rejection within 6 months was reduced to 9.1 % among 165 patients ( P v 6-week taper). Actuarial 5-year graft survival (patients living with a functioning graft) was 81.7% for patients left on CsA, 88.9% for patients tapered over 6 weeks, and 81.5% for patients tapered over 12 weeks ( P > 0.05). We also examined risk factors for acute rejection after CsA withdrawal using a Cox proportional hazards model and found that the relative risk of acute rejection within 6 months of taper was approximately two times greater for each DR mismatch ( P
(1 → 4)-α-d-Glucan synthesis by a chloroplastic phosphorylase isolated from spinach leaves in independent of added primer

Abstract The chloroplastic phosphorylase from spinach leaf was partially purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on DE-52 and Mono-Q columns. The enzyme was capable of synthesizing (1 → 4)-α- d -glucan in the absence of added glucan primer, with a lag in time that was shortened by increasing enzyme concentration or by adding bovine serum albumin and/or sodium citrate. The product of the unprimed activity formed a blue complex with iodine-iodide reagent (peak of absorption between 600 and 620 nm) that was insoluble in 5% trichloroacetic acid and in 1% (w/v) KCl in 75:25 methanol-water. Umprimed phosphorylase activity was greatly stimulated by citrate and less by other anions like malate and succinate. Addition of branching enzyme to the assay medium stimulated the unprimed reaction two-fold, or 42-fold if assayed in the presence of 0.1 m citrate. In the primed phosphorylase reaction, the presence of 0.8 m citrate decreased the K m for glycogen and amylopectin from 1.8 and 0.17 mg/mL to 0.12 and 0.055 mg/mL, respectively. The phosphorylase fraction (after f.p.l.c.) was found to contain 27 nmol of “anhydroglucose” per mg of protein. It is concluded that the chloroplast phosphorylase from spinach leaves in capable of synthesizing (1 → 4)-α- d -glucan in the absence of added glucan primer, possibly by elongating an endogenous primer that is associated with the enzyme in a non-covalent fashion.
Memory for rejected distractors in visual search

Theories of visual search have generally assumed that rejected distractors are marked so as to avoid further processing of these items (memory-driven search). To test this assumption, Horowitz and Wolfe (1998) developed the randomized search paradigm, in which standard static search is compared to dynamic search where items are randomly replotted at new locations throughout a trial. Memory-driven search predicts that search slopes should double in the dynamic condition. After reviewing earlier findings that slopes were similar in the two conditions, we present two new experiments. Experiment 1 replicated and extended our previous findings using a larger range of set sizes, a slower rate of change, and adding a fixed location dynamic condition. Experiment 2 employed stimuli that required overt fixation. Neither experiment showed evidence for memory-driven search. We conclude that visual search is best understood as a series of successive judgements of the momentary probability of target presence.
Tensions in Independent Living Facilities for Elders: A Model of Connected Disconnections

OBJECTIVE: To gain an increased understanding about the geriatric health and safety concerns related to vulnerable elders residing alone in independent living facilities (ILFs). METHODS: Qualitative focus group methodology was used to elicit the perceptions of elderly residents representing three ILFs, their family members, housing staff, and Nurse Practitioner consultants. RESULTS: Staff comprised 3 focus groups, residents 4 groups, and families 1 group for a total of 26 participants across eight focus groups. Content analyses of transcripts revealed that falls, forgetfulness/confusion, medication management and unexpected critical health events were concerns shared across the groups. Subgroups differed greatly in other concerns and service expectations. DISCUSSION: Findings resulted in a thematic model of Connected Disconnections with shared concerns, differences in beliefs and tension points. Problems arise when the wrong residents are living in the wrong type of housing. More attention to pre-admission resident evaluation and clarifying service expectations with families before acceptance and during periods of elder functional decline are recommended.
Interstrain variability of autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats: multiple encephalitogenic myelin basic protein epitopes for DA rats

We investigated T cell epitopes of guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP) that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in DA rats, using synthetic peptides that correspond to regions of the guinea pig MBP molecule that are homologous to rat MBP. Four peptides were encephalitogenic when tested in DA rats. MBP63-81, which partially overlaps the dominant encephalitogenic MBP epitope for Lewis (LEW) rats, caused severe EAE in the DA strain but did not elicit EAE in LEW rats. MBP66-81 and MBP63-76 were also encephalitogenic for DA but not LEW rats. MBP79-99 also induced EAE in DA rats, although MBP87-99, the minor encephalitogenic LEW epitope, was inactive. This indicates that part of the 79-86 sequence is necessary for encephalitogenic activity in the DA strain. MBP101-120, and MBP142-167 were also encephalitogenic for DA rats. T cells from DA rats immunized with intact MBP proliferated in response to the whole protein and to MBP79-99, but were not stimulated to a significant extent by the other encephalitogenic peptides, suggesting that these may represent cryptic or subdominant epitopes. However, MBP63-81-specific T cell lines could be isolated by repeated restimulation with peptide, indicating that the peptide-specific T cells were present in DA rats at low frequency.
Body mass index change in adulthood and lung and upper aerodigestive tract cancers

Body mass index (BMI) has been inversely associated with lung and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers. However, only a few studies have assessed BMI change in adulthood in relation to cancer. To understand the relationship between BMI change and these cancers in both men and women, we analyzed data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Los Angeles County. Adulthood BMI change was measured as the proportional change in BMI between age 21 and 1 year before interview or diagnosis. Five categories of BMI change were included, and individuals with no more than a 5% loss or gain were defined as having a stable BMI (reference group). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Potential confounders included age, gender, ethnicity, education, tobacco smoking and energy intake. For UADT cancers, we also adjusted for alcohol drinking status and frequency. A BMI gain of 25% or higher in adulthood was inversely associated with lung cancer (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.84) and UADT cancers (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27-0.71). In subgroup analyses, a BMI gain of ≥25% was inversely associated with lung and UADT cancers among current and former smokers, as well as among current and former alcohol drinkers. The inverse association persisted among moderate and heavy smokers (≥20 pack-years). The observed inverse associations between adulthood BMI gain and lung and UADT cancers indicate a potential role for body weight-related biological pathways in the development of lung and UADT cancers.
Cyclic AMP regulates the expression and nuclear translocation of RFC40 in MCF7 cells

Abstract We have previously shown that the regulatory subunit of PKA, RIα, functions as a nuclear transport protein for the second subunit of the replication factor C complex, RFC40, and that this transport appears to be crucial for cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. In this study, we found that N6-monobutyryl cAMP significantly up-regulates the expression of RFC40 mRNA by 1.8-fold and its endogenous protein by 2.3-fold with a subsequent increase in the RIα-RFC40 complex formation by 3.2-fold. Additionally, the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of RFC40 increased by 26% followed by a parallel increase in the percentage of S phase cells by 33%. However, there was reduction in the percentage of G1 cells by 16% and G2/M cells by 43% with a concurrent accumulation of cells in S phase. Interestingly, the higher percentage of S phase cells did not correlate with a parallel increase in DNA replication. Moreover, although cAMP did not affect the expression of the other RFC subunits, there was a significant decrease in the RFC40-37 complex formation by 81.3%, substantiating the decrease in DNA replication rate. Taken together, these findings suggest that cAMP functions as an upstream modulator that regulates the expression and nuclear translocation of RFC40.
A study of ligand binding to spleen myeloperoxidase.

The ligand binding properties of spleen myeloperoxidase, a peroxidase formerly called "the spleen green hemeprotein", were studied as functions of temperature and pH, using chloride and cyanide as exogenous ligands. Ligand binding is influenced by a proton dissociable group with a pKa of 4. The protonated, uncharged form of cyanide binds to the unprotonated form of the enzyme, while chloride ion binds to the enzyme when this group is protonated. In both cyanide and chloride binding, the pH-dependent change in the apparent ligand affinity is due to a change in the apparent association rate with pH. The proton dissociable group on the enzyme involved in ligand binding has a delta H value of about 8 kcal . mol-1. The present results suggest that this ionizable group is the imidazole group of a histidine residue located near the ligand binding site.
Hypnosis in the early treatment of burns: a pilot study.

Abstract A review of the literature indicates that hypnosis, which has long been successfully used for pain control in burn patients, might also be able to alter the body's physiological response to burn injury. The present study is designed to determine if a single, early, hypnotic induction can alter the physiological response of the patients to their thermal injury. The hypnotic induction used visual imagery with suggestions of coolness and comfort according to a standard protocol. All patients were seen within 12 hours post burn. A total of 17 patients were enrolled in the study, 11 of whom accumulated sufficient data to be included in the analyses. Matched controls were selected on the basis of age and percent body surface area burn. Six of the 11 experimental subjects included in the analyses were judged by clinical observations to be at least mildly hypnotized whereas the remaining five did not. There were no significant differences between length of stay, fluid input or urine output between the to...
Programs to optimize adherence in glaucoma.

Abstract Purpose This study was designed to raise awareness of the materials, devices, and Internet resources available to improve adherence to use of medications for the treatment of glaucoma and to review new devices under development. Methods A review of current indexed literature and Internet resources was conducted. Results A variety of educational brochures, pamphlets, and fact sheets promoting adherence to ocular hypotensive medications are available through multiple organizations and are easily accessed and ordered on the Internet. Video and Web-based patient educational tools have been designed to support patient adherence to glaucoma management plans and promote open dialogue between patients and providers. Reminder and recall systems that integrate with office software can be sent to cell phones as well as e-mails and personal digital assistant (PDAs), alerting patients to upcoming appointments and reminding them to instill their drops. Bottle devices with dosing support (timers with audible and visual signals and dispensing aids) and electronic monitoring have been shown to promote adherence. New products currently under development to improve the delivery of medications include nanoparticles, punctal plugs, and contact lenses that release glaucoma medications. Conclusions Many educational materials, services, Internet resources, and devices are available to optometrists to encourage patient adherence to glaucoma treatment and management.
Electro-oxidation of formate-based solutions on Au/Pd core-shell nanoparticles - Experiment and simulation

Abstract Au/Pd core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) were employed to study electro-oxidation mechanism of formate-based solutions. A series of combined studies including Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical stripping analysis, and computational simulations were conducted to understand electro-oxidation of formate-based solutions on the Au/Pd NPs. Compared to the commercial Pd black, the Au/Pd NPs showed superior catalytic activities, especially when using concentrated formate solutions. CO stripping test in conjunction with in situ Raman studies showed a lower oxidation potential (0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl) of CO on the Au/Pd NPs than the Pd black (>0.6 V). This indicated a strong electronic coupling between Au and Pd in the core–shell NPs which could enhance the oxidation of formate species. In addition, theoretical studies suggested lower formate and hydroxyl coverages at the same applied potential for the Au/Pd NPs than the Pd black in the formate-based solutions, shedding lights on their superior formate-oxidizing ability.
The changing relationship between psychology and contemporary spiritual direction

As recently as the late 1970's, the relationship between spiritual direction and psychology was tentative and cautious. During the last decade, however, psychological methods and perspectives have been increasingly utilized in spiritual direction. This article examines how clinical psychology, developmental psychology, the psychology of women, and professional psychology are becoming increasingly relevant to the contemporary practice of spiritual direction in the United States, and how, in the process, the relationship between psychology and spiritual direction is changing.
Euryhaline Chrysomonads: Nutrition and Toxigenesis in Prymnesium parvum, with Notes on Isochrysis galbana and Monochrysis lutheri

SYNOPSIS. The nutritional requirements of 3 isolates of Prymnesium parvum (2 Israeli, 1 Scottish) included vitamin B12 and thiamine. For comparison, 2 other brackish chrysomonads were studied: Monochrysis lutheri isolated by Droop in Scotland and Isochrysis galbana purified by McLaughlin from a culture obtained from the Plymouth laboratory. The isolates of Prymnesium parvum and Isochrysis galbana had a molecular B12 specificity like Ochromonas malhamensis: no response to Factor B, pseudovitamin B12, Factor A or Factor H. M. lutheri, in contrast, responded to pseudovitamin B12, Factor H, and Factor A. Thiamine was essential; 1.0 μg.% allowed full growth of P. parvum. The NaCl concentration for good growth was 0.3–5.0%; growth was possible from 6–12%. Dark growth was not achieved. Ammonia, as suggested from its use in suppressing outbreaks of P. parvum, was sharply inhibitory, less so at high concentrations of NaCl or at acid pH. Nitrate, ammonia, arginine, asparagine, methionine, histidine, alanine, glycine, serine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, aspartic and glutamic acids, acetylurea, and creatine served as nitrogen sources in both acid and alkaline media. The phosphate requirement of P. parvum and M. lutheri and Isochrysis galbana was satisfied by inorganic phosphate, commercial glycerophosphate, yeast adenylic acid, cytidylic acid, monoethyl phosphate, and riboflavin monophosphate. Laboratory cultures in defined media of the isolates of P. parvum were toxigenic to Lebistes and Gambusia. Culture fluids from alkaline media were more toxic than those from acid media, as previously noted in Israel. Culture media suitable for production of large quantities of these organisms were developed.
Performance results of CERES instrument sensors aboard EOS Terra and Aqua spacecraft using tropical ocean measurements

Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments were designed to measure the reflected shortwave and emitted longwave radiances with three scanning thermistor bolometer sensors that measure broadband radiances in the shortwave (0.3 - 5.0 micrometers), total (0.3 - >100 micrometers) and 8 -12 micrometer water vapor window regions. Currently four of the CERES instruments (Flight Models1 through 4[FM1 - FM4]) are flying aboard EOS Terra and Aqua platforms with two instruments aboard each spacecraft. The Terra and Aqua spacecraft are at 705 km near polar, sun synchronous orbits with the equatorial crossing time of 10:30 AM and 1:30 PM. One of the several validation studies for gauging the CERES sensors' performance utilizes the monitoring of tropical ocean longwave measurements for all sky condition. Previous studies on tropical ocean conducted by Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) have shown that the mean longwave radiances remain very stable making it a suitable Earth target for validation. The difference in the tropical ocean daytime and nighttime longwave radiances measured by the two longwave measuring sensors on the same instrument are compared, to understand the total sensor’s behavior in various spectral regions. This paper focuses on the results from the tropical ocean measurement analysis called Tropical Mean (TM), calculated for all four CERES instruments aboard Terra and Aqua spacecraft. The TM results along with other validation and calibration studies have helped to detect variations that have occurred in the total sensors of FM2, FM3 and FM4 instruments aboard Terra and Aqua platforms. Further, the TM results has been used to help correct these variations in the ground processing system.
A Complete Resolution of Sialadenitis Induced by Iodine Containing Contrast with Intravenous Dexamethasone Infusion

Salivary gland enlargement following the administration of iodine is an extremely rare event, and the pathophysiology of iodine-induced sialadenitis is not yet fully known. The onset of symptoms can start within a few minutes to five days after contrast administration. The course of iodine-induced sialadenitis is extremely benign, and rapid resolution of symptoms is expected without treatment. We report the case of a 59-year-old white female who noted mildly painful swelling involving the right side of her face within five days of receiving intravenous iodine-containing contrast. A diagnosis of iodine-related sialadenitis was made. She was given 20 mg of decadron intravenously, with prompt resolution of the swelling within a few hours.
Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: Experience With an Algorithm for Catheter-Directed Mechanical Thrombectomy

Background The role of catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy (CDMT) for the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) and submassive pulmonary embolism (SMPE) is not clearly defined. We report our experience with an algorithm for CDMT as a primary treatment in patients with MPE and SMPE. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our experience in treating MPE and SMPE in consecutive patients over a 2-year period (2008-2010). Patients with computed tomography angiography evidence of saddle, main branch, or ≥2 lobar pulmonary emboli in the setting of hypoxia, tachycardia, echocardiographic right heart strain, and/or cardiogenic shock underwent AngioJet CDMT, with or without adjunctive thrombolytic power-pulse spray. Outcomes, including angiographic success, clinical improvement, complications, and survival to discharge, were evaluated. Results Fifteen patients (8 men, 7 women; 14 SMPE, 1 SMPE) with a mean age of 59 years (range: 35-90 years) were treated for heart strain (100%), tachycardia (67%), hypoxia (67%), and cardiogenic shock (7%). Ten patients (67%) also received Alteplase power-pulse spray. Resolution of symptoms and improvement in heart strain were achieved in all patients. There were no in-hospital mortalities. Complications occurred in 3 patients (20%), including 2 patients with acute tubular necrosis and 1 patient with an intraoperative cardiac arrest. Average hospitalization was 9 days (range: 4-26 days). All patients were discharged on full anticoagulation. None required supplemental oxygen at discharge. Conclusion CDMT as primary treatment of MPE and SMPE has a high rate of technical and clinical success in a high-risk patient population. Experience and strict patient selection criteria may improve therapeutic outcomes.
Understanding run-in behavior of diamond-like carbon friction and preventing diamond-like carbon wear in humid air.

The friction behavior of diamond-like carbon (DLC) is very sensitive to the test environment. For hydrogen-rich DLC tested in dry argon and hydrogen, there was always an induction period, so-called...
The thermochemistry of the isomerization of 3-halopropenes (allyl halides) to 1-halopropenes; entropy and enthalpy of formation contribution of the Cd-(H)(X) group

The equilibrium constants for the isomerization of allyl chloride to cis - and trans -1-chloro-1-propene have been studied at 573 to 651 K. The reaction was catalyzed by either I 2 or a mixture of (HBr+5 mass per cent Br 2 ): From these results the enthalpy of formation of 1-chloro-1-propene has been calculated ( cis = −1.8, trans = −1.1 kcal th mol −1 ). The thermodynamic properties of the different allyl halides and 1-halo-1-propenes are discussed and the values of the contributions of the C d -(H) (X) and C -(C d ) (H) 2 (X) groups to the enthalpy of formation and entropy are calculated. It is suggested that the enthalpy of formation of vinyl chloride is actually (5.0±1.0) kcal th mol −1 , rather than the currently accepted value of 8.4 kcal th mol −1 .
Feedback mechanisms including real-time electronic alerts to achieve near 100% timely prophylactic antibiotic administration in surgical cases.

BACKGROUND: Administration of prophylactic antibiotics during surgery is generally performed by the anesthesia providers. Timely antibiotic administration within the optimal time window before incision is critical for prevention of surgical site infections. However, this often becomes a difficult task for the anesthesia team during the busy part of a case when the patient is being anesthetized. METHODS: Starting with the implementation of an anesthesia information management system (AIMS), we designed and implemented several feedback mechanisms to improve compliance of proper antibiotic delivery and documentation. This included generating e-mail feedback of missed documentation, distributing monthly summary reports, and generating real-time electronic alerts with a decision support system. RESULTS: In 20,974 surgical cases for the period, June 2008 to January 2010, the interventions of AIMS install, e-mail feedback, summary reports, and real-time alerts changed antibiotic compliance by -1.5%, 2.3%, 4.9%, and 9.3%, respectively, when compared with the baseline value of 90.0% ± 2.9% when paper anesthesia records were used. Highest antibiotic compliance was achieved when using real-time alerts. With real-time alerts, monthly compliance was >99% for every month between June 2009 and January 2010. CONCLUSIONS: Installation of AIMS itself did not improve antibiotic compliance over that achieved with paper anesthesia records. However, real-time guidance and reminders through electronic messages generated by a computerized decision support system (Smart Anesthesia Messenger, or SAM) significantly improved compliance. With such a system a consistent compliance of >99% was achieved.
Neuroscience: friends and grandmothers.

How do neurons in the brain represent movie stars, famous buildings and other familiar objects? Rare recordings from single neurons in the human brain provide a fresh perspective on the question. It takes moments for the human brain to recognize a person or an object even if seen under very different conditions. This raises the question: can a single neuron respond selectively to a given face regardless of view, age, pose or context? That question — it has been called the search for the ‘grandmother neuron’ — is difficult to test. But now, in patients with intractable epilepsy who were implanted with depth electrodes for a clinical process, an answer has been obtained. Patients were asked to respond to images on computer screens, and the results showed that neurons are pretty single-minded in what they respond to. For instance, one neuron will respond selectively to different pictures of the actress Jennifer Aniston, one to basketball player Michael Jordan, and another to different views of the Tower of Pisa.
Thermal Characterization of Two Opposing Carbon Nanotube Arrays Using Diffraction-Limited Infrared Microscopy

Due to their extremely high thermal conductivity, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received many research interests for thermal management applications. An advanced thermal interface structure made by two opposing, partially over-lapped CNT arrays is designed for thermally connecting two contact surfaces. The performance of this interface structure is thermally characterized using diffraction-limited infrared microscopy. Significant temperature discontinuities are found at the end of the CNT-CNT contact region, which indicates a large thermal resistance between CNTs. Due to this inter-tube resistance, the thermal performance of the CNT-based interface structure is far below expectation, with a thermal resistance value of about 3.8 × 10−4 K·m2 /W. Possible mechanisms of heat transfer between CNTs, which result in the large inter-tube resistance, are discussed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Ion bombardment of SiO2/Si and Si measured by in situ X-ray reflectivity

We have used in situ energy dispersive X-ray reflectivity to measure the evalution of structure and morphology during ion bombardment of thin films of SiO2 on Si and of clean Si. The high resolution of this technique (0.3 nm in film thickness and 0.04 nm in surface roughness) makes it possible to resolve thin film structures that are difficult to detect by other means, while the reasonably short acquisition time (< 1000 s per spectrum) makes it possible to study the kinetics of layer modification. We present measurements of low-energy (600–1000 eV) ion bombardment which demonstrate the ability of the technique to resolve very shallow (< 4 nm) implanted regions. We also compare the kinetics of surface roughening by reactive H ions and inert Xe ions on an amorphous oxide (SiO2) with that on a crystalline semiconductor (Si, Ge). H ions were observed to smoothen SiO2 surfaces that were made rough by prior Xe ion bombardment. Details of the energy dispersive technique and its benefits for in situ measurements are described.
Structures and energies of Σ 3 asymmetric tilt grain boundaries in copper and aluminium

The objective of this research is to use atomistic simulations to investigate the energy and structure of symmetric and asymmetric Σ3 ⟨110⟩ tilt grain boundaries. A nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm was employed along with an embedded atom method potential for Cu and Al to generate the equilibrium 0 K grain boundary structures. A total of 25 ⟨110⟩ grain boundary structures were explored to identify the various equilibrium and metastable structures. Simulation results show that the Σ3 asymmetric tilt grain boundaries in the ⟨110⟩ system are composed of only structural units of the two Σ3 symmetric tilt grain boundaries. The energies for the Σ3 grain boundaries are similar to previous experimental and calculated grain boundary energies. A structural unit and faceting model for Σ3 asymmetric tilt grain boundaries fits all of the calculated asymmetric grain boundary structures. The significance of these results is that the structural unit and facet description of all Σ3 asymmetric tilt grain boundaries m...
Swallow preservation exercises during chemoradiation therapy maintains swallow function.

ObjectiveTo evaluate a swallow preservation protocol (SPP) in which patients received swallow therapy before, during, and after radiation treatment and its efficacy in maintaining swallowing function in head and neck cancer patients.DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care academic medical center.Subjects and MethodsEighty-five patients who received radiation (RT) or chemoradiation (CRT) participated in the SPP from 2007 to 2012. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: compliant and noncompliant with SPP. At each SPP visit, the diet of each patient was recorded as regular (chewable), puree, liquid, or gastrostomy tube (G-tube) dependent, along with their compliance with the swallow exercises. Patients were stratified by age, gender, tumor stage, type of treatment, radiation dose, diet change, dysguesia, odynophagia, pain, and stenosis. Statistical analysis was performed comparing the 2 compliance groups in regards to swallowing-related outcomes at 1 month after completion of therapy.ResultsFi...
L-Dopa reduces hyperreactivity induced by septal lesions in rats.

Albino rats were tested for hyperreactivity. Rats with septal lesions exhibited a significant increase in reactivity. Administration of a single dose of either 50, 100, 225, 300, 400 or 475 mg/kg of l -Dopa and R04-4602 (a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor) resulted in a dose-related increased rate of disappearance of the hyperreactivity induced by septal lesions. Injection of an equal volume of vehicle did not produce any noticable effect.
TU-E-304A-04: Methods of Assessing the Dose to the Red Bone Marrow for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

Purpose: To demonstrate a more accurate method of assessing whole body red bone marrow dose in clinical applications. Method and Materials: Assessment of methods of red bone marrow (RBM) dose calculations is performed using a model constructed from the CT data of the Visible Human Project (VHP) and the EGS4 Monte Carlo code. Calculation of local marrow dose is achieved using the CT Number Method, which describes the fraction of marrow in a given CT voxel. Calculation of whole‐body average RBM dose is performed using two methods: one that assumes an homogeneous mixture of red and yellow bone marrow (HM Method), and one that uses a cellularity‐factor weighted marrow mixture in each bone (CW Method). Distribution of RBM mass in the skeleton calculated using both methods are compared to the color photograph data of the VHP used to construct the VIP‐Man anatomical model. Red bone marrow doses are calculated for broad beam exposures over a large energy range, and for several clinical applications including various CT scan protocols and electron whole‐body irradiation treatments. Results: The average difference in red bone marrow mass in each bone segment compared to the quantity present in VIP‐Man is 45% smaller when calculated with the CW method than the HM method. For clinical CT protocols, the RBM dose shows significant differences, up to 33% for head scans and 25% for abdominal scans. For the electron whole‐body irradiation (WBI) treatments, the RBM dose differs by 39%. Conclusion: Two common methods for calculating whole body average red bone marrow dose have been compared to the observed distribution standard available in the Visible Human Project data. Significant differences in dose are observed between the two methods, suggesting the importance of using appropriate cellularity factors in calculating red bone marrow dose.
The sensitive individual and the indoor environment : case study

This case study describes an indoor environment investigation initiated in response to numerous health and comfort complaints suspected of being associated with a two-story office building. Conventional indoor environment investigation techniques were applied in an attempt to identify one or several contributing factors, such as inadequate outdoor air ventilation and the presence of a respiratory irritant. The air quality satisfaction percentage in the building was well above 80%; however, at least one individual was experiencing a fairly severe reaction only upon entering the subject building. Evaluating the building indoor conditions as acceptable without attempting to address all possible building-related causes and communicating findings to interested occupants would likely have resulted in more occupant complaints and increased the potential for hysteria conditions. This investigation necessarily addressed a sensitive individual and involved an occupational physician as a constructive participant in ...
Two-dimensional simulation of electrothermal deicing of aircraft components

The transient, two-dimensional heat transfer occurring in an electrothermal deicer pad was simulated using a number of finite-difference numerical methods. The alternating direction implicit method was found to be the most efficient procedure for this problem. A parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of gap width, nodal spacing, variable ice thickness, and variable outer heat-transfer coefficient on the solution. The results show that a two-dimensional simulation is required when the ratio of the heater length to the gap length is less than 2.5. To predict ice-interface temperature and melt times, the surface heat-transfer coefficient variation does not have to be considered except when the ice is very thin. In addition, for a heater wattage of 30 W/in., a nonuniform ice thickness can be modeled as a constant thickness if the ice is at least 0.125 in. thick at every location. A comparison of the numerical results with experimental data shows good agreement and serves to benchmark the code.
Collection Development and the Psychology of Bias

The library literature addressing the role of bias in collection development emphasizes a philosophical approach. It is based on the notion that bias can be controlled by the conscious act of believing in certain values and adhering to a code of ethics. It largely ignores the psychological research on bias, which suggests that bias is a more complex and subtle phenomenon. Bias is not always conscious and cannot always be consciously controlled. Countering bias requires an understanding of both its conscious and unconscious influences on selectors and the selection process. This article examines the psychological research that has been conducted on bias and shows how it applies to selectors and the selection process in collection development.
Structure and growth kinetics of RhSi on single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon substrates

Growth kinetics of rhodium silicide in the temperature range of 375–450 °C have been studied on three different silicon substrates: single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous. The methods of analysis and specimen characterization utilized in this study are Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), Seemann–Bohlin x‐ray diffraction, cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), sheet resistivity via four‐point probe, and Schottky barrier height measurements obtained from the current‐voltage relationship. Our results conclude that all three silicon substrates form an identical rhodium silicide compound, RhSi, indicating that the crystallinity of the substrate has no effect on the resulting rhodium silicide. The growth of RhSi was determined to be diffusion‐limited and the activation energy of growth was similar for single crystal (1.88±0.04 eV) and amorphous silicon (1.86±0.07 eV), yet it was slightly lower (1.71±0.08 eV) for polycrystalline silicon. The difference can be attributed to the ...
The effect of alginate on the invasion of cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelial cells by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Chronic infection in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung is characterized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that overproduce the mucoid exopolysaccharide, alginate. Previous experiments have shown that long-term survival of P. aeruginosa in the CF lung may be facilitated by increased adherence and decreased invasion of respiratory epithelial cells. Therefore, mucoid and nonmucoid clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were assayed for their ability to associate with and invade the CF respiratory epithelial cell line, CF/T43. Association assays and gentamicin exclusion assays demonstrated that mucoid P. aeruginosa associates with and invades CF/T43 cell monolayers significantly less than nonmucoid P. aeruginosa strains (P = .004, .02). Fluorescence microscopy invasion assays confirmed these results. The differences in association and invasion by the P. aeruginosa strains were not due to differences in lipopolysaccharide phenotype or cytotoxicity for CF/T43 respiratory epithelial cells. Exogenous bacterial alginate had no effect on the invasion of CF respiratory epithelia by a nonmucoid strain. Invasion assays with the wild-type P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and isogenic algU and mucA mutant strains failed to show differences in invasion (P = .25). We conclude that (i) mucoid P. aeruginosa isolates associate with and invade CF/T43 respiratory epithelial cells with less efficiency than nonmucoid P. aeruginosa, (ii) these differences are not due to variations in lipopolysaccharide phenotype between strains, (iii) neither exogenous nor endogenous alginate affects the ability of P. aeruginosa to invade CF/T43 respiratory epithelial cells, and (iv) invasion of CF/T43 respiratory epithelial cells by a laboratory reference strain of P. aeruginosa does not appear to be regulated by AlgU.