cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION ON SURFACE HYDROLOGY, LITTLE EAGLE CREEK, INDIANA, AND ANALYSIS OF LTHIA MODEL SENSITIVITY TO DATA RESOLUTION

Land-use change in urbanizing areas can significantly alter the hydrology of a watershed and can have serious impacts on wetland water balances, downstream flooding, and groundwater recharge. Most currently available models used in determining the hydrologic impacts of urbanization are not well suited to long-term hydrologic analysis or are too complex and data intensive for widespread practical application. The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (LTHIA) model run on a Geographic Information System (GIS) is a relatively simple, user-friendly model that uses the Curve Number method to estimate changes in surface runoff between different stages of development. Application of the model to a large, rapidly urbanizing watershed near Indianapolis, Indiana, suggests that average annual runoff depths increased by more than 60% from 1973 to 1991, with even greater increases for some individual sub-basins. These results are consistent with runoff changes estimated from historical stream flow data in the watersh...
Comparison of the Circulatory Effects of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

A comparison was made of the circulatory effects of l-epinephrine and l-norepinephrine when various doses were given either intravenously or intra-arterially into anesthetized animals. No significant difference was found between the effects of identical doses of the two drugs on the arterial blood pressure, heart rate and blood flow. The intensity and duration of effect of either drug varied roughly with the dose given.
A Theoretical Study of Mechanical Stability of Arteries

This study proposes a mathematical model for studying stability of arteries subjected to a longitudinal extension and a periodic pressure. An artery was considered as a straight composite beam comprised of an external thick-walled tube and a fluid core. The dynamic criterion for stability was used, based on analyzing the small transverse vibrations superposed on the finite deformation of the vessel under static load. In contrast to the case of a static pressurization, in which buckling is only possible if the load produces a critical axial compressive force, a loss of stability of arteries under periodic pressure occurs under many combinations of load parameters. Instability occurs as a parametric resonance characterized by an exponential increase in the amplitude of transverse vibrations over several bands of pressure frequencies. The effects of load parameters were analyzed on the basis of the results for a dynamic and static stability of a rabbit thoracic aorta. Under normal physiological loads the artery is in a stable configuration. Static instability occurs under high distending pressures and low longitudinal stretch ratios. When the artery is subjected to periodic pressure, an independent increase in the mean pressure, amplitude of the periodic pressure, or frequency, most often, but not always, increases the risk of stability loss. In contrary, an increase in longitudinal stretch ratio most likely, but not certain, stabilizes the vessel. It was shown that adaptive geometrical remodeling due to an increase in mean pressure and flow does not affect artery stability.
Confidentiality, counseling, and clients who have AIDS: ethical foundations of a model rule.

Ethical theory is applied to the limits of confidentiality in cases involving sexually active clients who have AIDS, and a model rule is developed defining counselors' obligations to these clients and their sexual partners.
Validity of Koppitz's Developmental Score as a Measure of Organicity.

The Koppitz developmental score was used to evaluate the Bender Gestalt performances of 30 children with, and 30 children without, brain damage The brain-damaged children had a higher mean score than the non-brain-damaged Ss and did more poorly relative to the normative data reported by Koppitz.
Tainted Money and Charity Do 501(c)(3)s Have a Right to Refuse a Gift

This article examines the right of a 501(c)(3) organization to refuse an unrestricted cash donation, concluding that such right is generally illusory. If a charity disagrees with the donor on a moral issue, it may see nothing improper in turning away a would-be benefactor. When this occurs in the context of a 501(c)(3) organization, its exempt purpose requires looking beyond the conscience of the individuals making the decision. Specifically, the question of the organization's moral right to turn away funding occurs in the context of its pursuit of a legally sanctioned purpose. The organization's agreement with the IRS in seeking tax-exempt status produces a fiduciary responsibility with its stakeholders. These include donors, potential recipients of the organization's goods or services, taxpayers, and the government. Viewed from this perspective, turning down a gift, it is argued, is comparable to mismanagement in squandering scarce resources.
Novel Regulation of an MHC Class I Gene Response to Interferon-γ

Abstract The ability of IFN-γ, to increase the expression of MHC class I gene products is likely to enhance cytolytic T lymphocyte recognition of viral pathogens and tumor cells. The murine lymphoma AKR SL3-cl.F AZ R (SL3-cl.F) responds aberrantly to treatment with interferon-γ such that H-2D k surface expression is augmented, but H-2K k expression remains at constitutive levels. Somatic cell fusions have been used to demonstrate that the lesion responsible for this phenotype is cis -dominant, implicating a primary lesion within the SL3-cl.F H-2K k gene. In this communication, we have used PCR to analyze the nucleotide sequence in regions of the SL3-cl.F H-2K k promoter known to contain interferon-responsive enhancer elements. Comparison of the SL3-cl.F H-2K k sequences to known consensus elements revealed complete identity. In order to identify the lesion responsible for the SL3-cl.F phenotype, two H-2K k genomic clones were independently isolated from SL3-cl.F. Each clone exists as a 10.5-kbp Eco RI fragment containing the entire structural gene. The site of transcription initiation is at the center of this fragment; therefore, all regulatory elements within 5 kbp of the transcript start site which could alter steady-slate message levels are included. Interestingly, IFN-γ-augmented expression of the H-2K k gene was restored following DNA-mediated transfection of either of these clones into fibroblast cell lines and the parental cell line SL3-cl.F. Because isolation of these clones required passage of the DNA through a prokaryotic host, which alters the pattern of DNA methylation, there was the possibility that demethylation was responsible for the newly acquired IFN-γ-responsive phenotype. Treatment of SL3-cl.F with 5-azacytidine, which inhibits de novo methylation, did not restore IFN-γ-augmented expression, however, thus excluding H-2K k specific methylation as a potential mechanism. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the alteration responsible for the phenotype observed in SL3-cl.F does not involve known transcriptional regulatory elements. Potential mechanisms which might account for the mutant phenotype are discussed.
Role of sterols in membranes.

Sterols, or in rare cases structurally similar molecules, are biosynthesized or at least required by all eucaryotic organisms, as well as by many procaryotic ones, regardless of their status as plants, animals, or protista. This information, together with quantitative, structural, metabolic, and other data is reviewed. It is interpreted to mean that the primary role sterols play in nature is a nonmetabolic one as architectural components of membranes and that this role can be played, but less well, by other molecules which approximate the steroidal structure. The biosynthetic process should, therefore, and actually does not appear to be correlatable with this role, which, in turn, is correlatable with phylogenesis. The Δ24-reduction-alkylation bifurcation, for instance appears to be interrelated profoundly with the evolutionary differentiation of the animal from the plant kingdom.
Computationally efficient version of the Pao-Sah model with variable mobility

We present a new version of the Pao-Sah double integration formula. A new formulation, while mathematically equivalent to the original one, increases the speed of computations by more than an order of magnitude. This reformulation of the Pao-Sah model remains applicable in the extended temperature range and allows for the variable effective channel mobility.
Social integration between African American and European American children in majority black, majority white, and multicultural elementary classrooms

How are African American and European American children getting along in integrated elementary schools? The authors find substantial integration in majority black and multicultural classrooms, but ethnic segregation and cross-ethnic antipathies are more common in majority white classrooms.
How to get into bones: proton pump and carbonic anhydrase in Osedax boneworms

Osedax are gutless siboglinid worms that thrive on vertebrate bones lying on the ocean floor, mainly those of whales. The posterior body of female Osedax penetrates into the bone forming extensions known as 'roots', which host heterotrophic symbiotic bacteria in bacteriocytes beneath the epidermis. The Osedax root epithelium presumably absorbs bone collagen and/or lipids, which are metabolized by the symbiotic bacteria that in turn serve for Osedax's nutrition. Here, we show that Osedax roots express extremely high amounts of vacuolar-H(+)-ATPase (VHA), which is located in the apical membrane and in cytoplasmic vesicles of root and ovisac epithelial cells. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which catalyses the hydration of CO2 into H(+) and HCO3(-), is also expressed in roots and throughout Osedax body. These results suggest Osedax roots have massive acid-secreting capacity via VHA, fuelled by H(+) derived from the CA-catalysed hydration of CO2 produced by aerobic metabolism. We propose the secreted acid dissolves the bone carbonate matrix to then allow the absorption of bone-derived nutrients across the skin. In an exciting example of convergent evolution, this model for acid secretion is remarkably similar to mammalian osteoclast cells. However, while osteoclasts dissolve bone for repairing and remodelling, the Osedax root epithelium secretes acid to dissolve foreign bone to access nutrients.
Box C/D Small Nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) U60 Regulates Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking *

Mobilization of plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol to the endoplasmic reticulum is essential for cellular cholesterol homeostasis. The mechanisms regulating this retrograde, intermembrane cholesterol transfer are not well understood. Because mutant cells with defects in PM to endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol trafficking can be isolated on the basis of resistance to amphotericin B, we conducted an amphotericin B loss-of-function screen in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using insertional mutagenesis to identify genes that regulate this trafficking mechanism. Mutant line A1 displayed reduced cholesteryl ester formation from PM-derived cholesterol and increased de novo cholesterol synthesis, indicating a deficiency in retrograde cholesterol transport. Genotypic analysis revealed that the A1 cell line contained one disrupted allele of the U60 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) host gene, resulting in haploinsufficiency of the box C/D snoRNA U60. Complementation and mutational studies revealed the U60 snoRNA to be the essential feature from this locus that affects cholesterol trafficking. Lack of alteration in predicted U60-mediated site-directed methylation of 28 S rRNA in the A1 mutant suggests that the U60 snoRNA modulates cholesterol trafficking by a mechanism that is independent of this canonical function. Our study adds to a growing body of evidence for participation of small noncoding RNAs in cholesterol homeostasis and is the first to implicate a snoRNA in this cellular function.
Evidence for a new activation phase clotting abnormality in a patient with the Hughes-Stoven syndrome.

Summary A patient with the Hughes-Stoven Syndrome was found to have a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of 86 to 120 seconds and a prolonged template bleeding time of 23 minutes. No history of a bleeding diathesis was elicited. Coagulation studies revealed normal levels of factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, and Fletcher Factor. The platelet count was 100,000/cmm. The initially abnormal kaolin APTT was partially corrected and the celite APTT was completely corrected by using longer incubation times. The addition of normal plasma, aged serum, or BaSO 4 absorbed plasma all shortened the APTT by 10-15 seconds but never corrected it to normal. Circulating anticoagulants were not detected by a variety of methods. These findings suggest a new defect in the activation phase of coagulation.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking of affine field theory

It is possible to construct non-Abelian field theories by gauging Kac-Moody algebras. Here we discuss the spontaneous symmetry breaking of such theories via the Higgs mechanism. If the Higgs particle lies in the Cartan subalgebra of the Kac-Moody algebra, the previously massless vectors acquire a mass spectrum that is linear in the Kac-Moody index and has additional fine structure depending on the associated Lie algebra.
SU‐C‐211‐02: A Fast Monte Carlo Dose Algorithm for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Based on Hybrid Adaptive Meshes

Purpose:Monte Carlo methods are considered to be the most accurate dose algorithm for radiotherapy. Variance reduction techniques such as history repetition, Russian roulette and photon splitting are employed to improve the calculation efficiency. Generally, it takes a large portion of the simulation time for two inevitable tasks, that is, voxel‐to‐voxel boundary crossing and energy deposition. The purpose of this work is to investigate the potential for additional speedup achieved by reducing the number of boundary crossing based on hybrid adaptive meshes. Method and Materials: A Monte Carlo code was developed to simulate the coupled photon‐electron transport for radiation therapy using a hybrid adaptive mesh. Photontransport was modeled in an analog fashion. The Compton scattering, photoelectric ionization and pair production were considered. For electron transport, a condensed history method was used in which the hard interactions such as inelastic collision and bremsstrahlung were simulated explicitly. The formulation by Kawrakow and Bielajew was used for electron multiple scattering. Photons and electrons were tracked on a hybrid adaptive mesh, which was generated from an initial uniform coarse mesh. The coarse uniform mesh was divided voxel‐by‐voxel into an unstructured finer mesh depending on the splitting criterion such as the density gradient. The resulting adaptive mesh contains larger voxels in smooth density areas and smaller voxels used for density regions with large gradient to retain the accuracy. Results: The speed up observed by varying the splitting level is proportional to N1/3, where N is the total number of the voxels. For the test cases, 30% of the calculation time was saved by using the adaptive meshes starting with 10mm spacing and reduced to 1.25mm voxels for high gradient regions comparing with the 1.25mm uniform meshes. Conclusions: The Monte Carlo simulations can be further accelerated based on these hybrid adaptive meshes.
Hyperspherical analysis of three-electron dynamics

An analysis of the three-electron problem in hyperspherical coordinates is begun by generalizing the adiabatic method developed by Macek and Lin. Approximate potential curves are constructed for Li and ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$. The relationship between the hyperspherical and shell-model quantum numbers is presented for the ${s}^{3}$ configurations.
GATA-6 Can Act as a Positive or Negative Regulator of Smooth Muscle-specific Gene Expression

The GATA-4/5/6 family of transcription factors is important for the development of the cardiovascular system and the visceral endoderm. GATA-6 is the only family member expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and has been shown to be important for controlling the phenotype of these cells following vascular injury. To clarify further the role of GATA-6 in regulating vascular smooth muscle differentiation, we directly examined its ability to regulate the promoters of smooth muscle-specific genes. This analysis revealed that GATA-6 strongly repressed telokin promoter activity. In contrast, GATA-6 activated the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle alpha-actin promoters and had no significant effect on the SM22alpha promoter. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrate that GATA-6 binds to a consensus site adjacent to the CArG box in the telokin promoter. GATA-6 did not interfere with the serum-response factor-stimulated promoter activity but blocked myocardin-induced activation of the telokin promoter. In contrast, GATA-6 and myocardin resulted in synergistic activation of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoter. Consistent with these findings, overexpression of GATA-6 in smooth muscle cells selectively inhibited expression of endogenous telokin, while simultaneously increasing expression of other smooth muscle proteins. These data suggest that GATA-6 selectively inhibits telokin expression by triggering the displacement of myocardin from the serum-response factor. As GATA-6 is expressed at high levels in vascular smooth muscle, this finding may explain the relatively low levels of telokin expression in the vascular system. These data also reveal a novel transcription regulatory mechanism by which GATA-6 can modulate the activity of the myocardin-serum-response factor complexes.
Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae): Oviposition, Egg Viability, and Larval Longevity in Grass and Wooded Environments of Puerto Rico

Oviposition, egg viability, and larval longevity for Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) were observed in four field environments and the laboratory. Field environments were shaded woods and unshaded grass areas at Boqueron and Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico. Annual rainfall is 750–1,250 mm in Boqueron and 1,250–1,850 mm in Cabo Rojo. Relative humidity of the soil surface and temperature were measured. The Weibull cumulative distribution function was used to express egg incubation and larval longevity for the field environments. In the Boqueron woods and the Cabo Rojo grass and woods environment, oviposition and egg viability were similar. Mean period of survival off the host from female engorgement and detachment to larval death in the Boqueron grass and woods and Cabo Rojo grass and woods was 82, 102, 108, and 111 d, respectively. In extreme temperature and relative humidity of Boqueron grass, oviposition, egg viability, and larval longevity were reduced.
Fatal hepatocerebral syndrome in siblings discordant for exposure to valproate.

Summary: Occurrence of a progressive encephalopathy with seizures in siblings was associated with hepatic pathology. One of these patients was exposed to valproate (VPA) and developed hepatic necrosis, confirmed at autopsy. The other had not been exposed to VPA, and her hepatic lesions at autopsy were less severe. The liver pathology in both was within the range described in previous cases of liver disease attributed to VPA. These facts and the otherwise similar course of their disease suggests that in these patients, and probably in other cases of fatal liver failure attributed to VPA, the drug actually either had no effect or acted only to increase the severity of the preexisting hepatic component of the hepatocerebral disorder. RESUME La survenue d'une encephalopathie progressive s'accompagnant de crises dans une fratrie s'associait a une atteinte hepatique. L'un des patients a ete expose au valproate (VPA) et a presente une necrose hepatique qui a ete confirmee par l'autopsie. L'autre patient n'a pas ete expose au valproate et les lesions hepatiques a l'autopsie ont ete moins severes. Dans le deux cas, l'examen anatomo-pathologique du foie etait compatible avec les cas anterieurement publies d'hepatopathies liees au valproate. Ces faits, et l'evolution par ailleurs semblable de leurs maladies, suggerent que dans ces cas, ainsi que probablement dans d'autres cas d'insuffisance hepatique fatale attribuee au VPA, le medicament en lui-meme n'a eu soit aucun effet, soit seulement un effet d'aggravation sur la composante hepatique existante de la maladie hepato-cerebrale. RESUMEN La aparicion de una encefalopatia progresiva con ataques en hermanos se ha asociado a la presencia de patologia hepatica. Unos de nuestros enfermos fue tratado con acido valproico (VPA) y desarrollo una necrosis hepatica confirmada en autopsia. En el otro que, no habia sido tratado con VPA, las lesiones hepaticas en autopsia fueron menos severas. La patologia hepatica en ambos puede bien incluirse dentro del contenido de enfermedad hepatica previamente descrita en casos que habian tomado VPA. Estos datos y la semejanza de la evolucion climica de esta enfermedad, sugiere que, en los casos descritos y, probablemente, en otros en los que la lesion hepatica fatal fue atribuida al VPA, la droga, o no produjo ningun efecto o simplemente actuo para incrementar la severidad de los componentes hepaticos preexistentes dentro del transtorno hepato-cerebral.
Temperature and rooted aquatic plants

In relation to the disappearance of aRuppia maritima population near the effuent of an electrical generating station on the Patuxent River, Maryland, a broad study of temperature effects on respiration and photosynthesis of aquatic plants was begun.
Earth science and archaeology

Rapp, George, Jr., and John A. Gifford. eds. Archaeological Geology. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. xvii + 435 pp. including figures, chapter references, appendix, and index. $35.00 cloth. Stein, Julie K., and William R. Farrand, eds. Archaeological Sediments in Context. Orono: University of Maine, Center for the Study of Early Man, Peopling of the Americas Edited Volume Series 1, 1985. xi + 147 pp. including figures, chapter references, and index. $19.00 paper.
Dark energy and dark matter with SNAP

Abstract The discovery that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating opens up new frontiers for our understanding of cosmology and particle physics. The nature of the dark energy responsible is intimately tied to the high energy theory and gravitation. Measuring the properties of the accelerating universe and studying both the dark energy and the dark matter of the Universe using supernovae and weak gravitational lensing is the primary aim of the Supernova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP). SNAP can discover and follow thousands of Type Ia supernovae at redshifts z = 0.3 − 1.7. The resulting magnitude-redshift relation can determine the cosmological and dark energy parameters with high precision: the dark energy equation of state w to 0.05 and its time variation w′ = dw dz to ±0.15. Wide area weak gravitational lensing studies will map the distribution of dark matter in the universe.
Lipids, lipid rafts and caveolae: Their importance for GPCR signaling and their centrality to the endocannabinoid system

Scientific views of cell membrane organization are presently changing. Rather than serving only as the medium through which membrane proteins diffuse, lipid bilayers have now been shown to form compartmentalized domains with different biophysical properties (rafts/caveolae). For membrane proteins such as the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a raft domain provides a platform for the assembly of signaling complexes and prevents cross-talk between pathways. Lipid composition also has a strong influence on the conformational activity of GPCRs. For certain GPCRs, such as the cannabinoid receptors, the lipid bilayer has additional significance. Endocannabinoids such as anandamide (AEA) are created in a lipid bilayer from lipid and act at the membrane embedded CB1 receptor. Endocannabinoids exiting the CB1 receptor are transported either by a carrier-mediated or a simple diffusion process to the membrane of the postsynaptic cell. Following cellular uptake, perhaps via caveolae/lipid raft-related endocytosis, AEA is rapidly metabolized by a membrane-associated enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The entry point for AEA into FAAH appears to be from the lipid bilayer. This review explores the importance of lipid composition and lipid rafts to GPCR signaling and then focuses on the intimate relationship that exists between the lipid environment and the endocannabinoid system.
EFFECT OF INTRAPERITONEAL FLUID VOLUME CHANGES ON ESOPHAGEAL PRESSURES : STUDIES IN PATIENTS ON CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Esophageal manometric studies were performed in 11 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with the dialysis fluid in the peritoneal cavity, after emptying and again after reinfusion. No systematic changes were found in intragastric or lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressures at any time. No differences in mean distal esophageal amplitude (DEA), duration, or velocity of peristalsis were noted. Although upper gastrointestinal problems are common in CAPD patients and were reported by eight of 11 patients, this study suggests that these symptoms cannot be explained by changes in gastric and esophageal pressures.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENTIAL OPTION WEIGHTING ON MULTIPLE‐CHOICE OBJECTIVE TESTS1

The purpose of this study was to determine in what way Guttman weighting affected the internal consistency and intercorrelation of the suhtests of the Scholastic Aptitude Test. The tests were first scored with Guttman weights and then with conventional correction-for-guessing weights. The internal consistency of the tests increased markedly when Guttman weights were used. The correlation of the two verbal subtests increased somewhat when Guttman weights were used, but the correlation of the two mathematics subtests as well as the intercorrelation of all verbal and mathematics subtests decreased. Differences in the factor structure of the Guttman- and conventionally-weighted subtests were used to explain the result.
Effect of carbamidomethylation of cysteine residues G11(104)α on the properties of hemoglobin A

Abstract A modified hemoglobin tetramer has been prepared containing carbamido-methylated G11(104)α cysteine residues. The molecule is electrophoretically identical to hemoglobin A, at pH 8.6, contains 2 titrable sulfhydryl groups per tetramer, and shows a normal oxygen affinity at half-saturation. However, the cooperative oxygen binding is significantly decreased. As the G11(104)α cysteine residues are located at the α1β1 contact point in the hemoglobin tetramer, the results of this study indicate that modification within this portion of the molecule does not interfere with the assembly of subunits to form a tetramer or the resultant p50 but can cause a significant alteration of cooperative oxygen binding. In addition, spin-labels attached to this cysteine residue are not sensitive to changes in conformation which may take place at this contact point during oxygen binding. It is therefore possible that modification of the G11(104)α cysteine residue abolishes the contribution of the α1β1 contact point to the cooperative oxygen binding phenomenon.
Estimation of object boundaries in noisy images

Estimation of boundaries of objects in noisy images is considered. The objects and the background are characterized statistically. The noise is assumed additive and Gaussian. Recursive nonlinear MMS estimators are derived. Applications to binary pictures are illustrated.
The Role of Disease and Desiccation in the Population Dynamics of the Gypsy Moth Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

The population dynamics of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.), are being studied on 10 sites in the Town of Glenville, New York. This paper discusses the role of disease and a condition here termed “desiccation” in the dynamics of these populations during a 4-year period, 1958-1961 inclusive. The term “desiccation” refers to dead pre-pupae that appeared shriveled, and were stiff to the touch, and which had a solid mass of food in their gut. The incidence of desiccation among pre-pupae was closely related to the number of eggs per egg mass produced at the end of the generation (a measure of relative insect density). Disease incidence among larval gypsy moth populations was directly related to insect density. Disease incidence was also related to site conditions, with higher mortality occurring in wet sites. When larval populations reached high densities, they always declined from the dense level within a few generations. These declines ranged from a sudden drastic reduction to a much more gradual decline. The former was preceded by virtual food exhaustion, while the latter was not usually preceded by exhaustion of the food supply. Disease and desiccation were primary factors in producing the sudden type of population reduction noted above. Pathogens may also play an important part in the more gradual type of decline, but this point remains to be clarified.
Abnormal cardiovascular regulation in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome

Studies of patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome have suggested autonomic nervous system dysfunction, but a precise definition of mechanisms is lacking. We measured supine and standing heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, plasma catecholamines, and blood volume in 23 symptomatic women with both echocardiographic and phonographic signs of MVP and in 17 normal control subjects. An analysis of the results revealed 2 distinct subgroups of patients: those with normal heart rates but increased vasoconstriction (Group I, n = 10) and those with orthostatic tachycardia (Group II, n = 13). Group II patients had heart rates at rest supine of 97 +/- 3 compared with 79 +/- 2 in Group I patients and 78 +/- 8 in control subjects. Estimated total blood volumes were lowest in Group I patients, intermediate in Group II patients, and highest in control subjects (p less than 0.05). Other measurements at rest supine were similar in patients and controls. After standing for 5 minutes, patients had a higher mean plasma epinephrine value, diastolic blood pressure (81 +/- 2 versus 74 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), and peripheral resistance (1,878 +/- 114 versus 1,414 +/- 92, dynes s cm-5, p less than 0.01), wider arteriovenous oxygen difference (6.7 +/- 0.4 versus 5.3 +/- 0.5 vol%), and lower stroke volume index (26 +/- 2 versus 33 +/- 2 ml/m2, p less than 0.01) than did the control subjects. Cardiac output was normal in Group II patients but reduced in Group I patients, who demonstrated marked vasoconstriction. No patient had evidence of a "hyperkinetic" circulatory state. A cycle of decreased forward stroke volume, vasoconstriction, and blood volume contraction appears to be present in at least some symptomatic patients with MVP.
A cybernetic model approach for free jazz improvisations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to better understand communication between musicians in a free jazz improvisation in comparison to traditional jazz.Design/methodology/approach – A cybernetic informative feedback model was used to study communication between musicians for free jazz. The conceptual model consists of the ears as sensors, an auditory analysis stage to convert the acoustic signals into symbolic information (e.g. notated music), a cognitive processing stage (to make decisions and adapt the performance to what is being heard), and an effector (e.g. muscle movement to control an instrument). It was determined which musical features of the co‐players have to be extracted to be able to respond adequately in a music improvisation, and how this knowledge can be used to build an automated music improvisation system for free jazz.Findings – The three major findings of this analysis were: in traditional jazz a soloist only needs to analyze a very limited set of music ensemble features, but in fre...
Corneal ulceration and perforation with ketorolac tromethamine (Acular) use after PRK.

Purpose: To report a case of corneal ulceration and perforation after PRK connected with high doses of ketorolac tromethamine (Acular®). Methods: A 31 -year-old man presented 5 days after PRK in the left eye with cornealulceration and perforation requiring penetrating keratoplasty. The patient admitted to using Acular® every hour, ciprofloxocin every hour, and prednisolone acetate 1% QID postoperatively. Results: Laboratory tests, including corneal cultures, were normal. A diagnosis of corneal ulceration secondary to incorrect use of high-dose ketorolac tromethamine was made. Conclusion: Judicious patient counseling is recommended when using topical NSAIDs in the setting of PRK.
Poster: Towards reducing smartphone application delay through read/write isolation

A recent analysis[3] indicates that most user interactions with smartphones are short. Specifically, 80% of the apps are used for less than two minutes. With such brief interactions, apps should be rapid and responsive. However, the same study reports that many apps incur significant delays during launch and run-time. This work addresses two key research questions towards achieving rapid app response. (1) How does disk I/O performance affect smartphone app response time? (2) How can we improve app performance with I/O optimization techniques? We address the questions via following contributions. First, through a large-scale measurement study based on the data collected within 130 days from 1009 Android devices using an app[2] we developed, we find that Android devices spend a significant portion of their CPU active time (up to 58%) waiting for storage I/Os to complete, also known as iowait (Figure 1). This negatively affects the smartphone’s overall app performance, and results in slow response time. Further investigation reveals that a read experiences up to 626% slowdown when blocked by a concurrent write. Additionally, the results indicate significant asymmetry in the slowdown of one I/O type due to another. Finally, we study the speedup of concurrent I/Os, and the results suggest that reads benefit more from concurrency.
Authoritarianism and Political Impoverishment: Deficits in Knowledge and Civic Disinterest

Past research shows that authoritarian individuals hold strong opinions about a variety of political and social issues, such as race relations and military conflict. What has not been established, though, is the amount of general political knowledge that authoritarians possess. In this study, three groups of college students were administered Altemeyer’s Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) scale; most of them also received items assessing general political knowledge and specific knowledge about the 2000 presidential election, as well as items assessing interest in politics. Relative to students with low RWA scores, those with high scores possessed less political knowledge; moreover, they expressed less interest in learning about politics. In general, authoritarianism was unrelated to how individuals got their political information or how credible they found their sources. The implication that authoritarians hold strong attitudinal beliefs with weak political knowledge is discussed.
The use of botulinum toxin in patients with sialorrhea

Sialorrhea is a common clinical problem in children and adults that can have significant social and medical implications. Multiple treatments exist, with varying degrees of success. The use of intraglandular injection of botulinum toxin is a simple and effective alternative to current treatments. We present issues when considering injection and our technique.
Implementing anticoagulation management by pharmacists in the inpatient setting.

Purpose. This article identifies approaches for implementing an inpatient anticoagulation program involving pharmacists; two successful inpatient anticoagulation programs previously reported in the literature are described with a discussion of steps to consider in developing or expanding such a service. Summary. Two institutions implemented pharmacist-managed anticoagulation services. One institution identified an undesirable incidence of medication-related adverse events occurring in hospitalized patients receiving anticoagulants. Pharmacists were asked to assist. Pharmacist activities included the selection of anticoagulants, patient education, verification of insurance coverage of the patient’s anticoagulant, and coordination of follow-up. Physicians were available to assist. At the other institution, the department of pharmacy was asked by the orthopedic surgeons to manage warfarin for the prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism. The pharmacy department worked with the medical staff to gain approval of all policies, guidelines, and protocols to establish an anticoagulation service. Because of the success of the program, the pharmacy department expanded the service beyond warfarin. The steps to establishment of an anticoagulation service are described. The challenges facing such programs are discussed, including the potential anticoagulants in development that will create ongoing challenges in deciding which anticoagulation approach to use and in identifying patients for whom the newer agents may or may not be best suited. Conclusion. Requirements for establishing a successful inpatient anticoagulation management program included defining the pharmacist’s role in identifying patient needs, gaining support from other health care professionals, designing a program that addresses the needs of the patients, and managing unanticipated issues.
Genome based phylogeny and comparative genomic analysis of intra-mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is an important cause of bovine mastitis and can cause both severe inflammation with a short-term transient infection, as well as less severe, but more chronic inflammation and infection persistence. E. coli is a highly diverse organism that has been classified into a number of different pathotypes or pathovars, and mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) has been proposed as a new such pathotype. The purpose of this study was to use genome sequence data derived from both transient and persistent MPEC isolates (two isolates of each phenotype) to construct a genome-based phylogeny that places MPEC in its phylogenetic context with other E. coli pathovars. A subsidiary goal was to conduct comparative genomic analyses of these MPEC isolates with other E. coli pathovars to provide a preliminary perspective on loci that might be correlated with the MPEC phenotype. Both concatenated and consensus tree phylogenies did not support MPEC monophyly or the monophyly of either transient or persistent phenotypes. Three of the MPEC isolates (ECA-727, ECC-Z, and ECA-O157) originated from within the predominately commensal clade of E. coli, referred to as phylogroup A. The fourth MPEC isolate, of the persistent phenotype (ECC-1470), was sister group to an isolate of ETEC, falling within the E. coli B1 clade. This suggests that the MPEC phenotype has arisen on numerous independent occasions and that this has often, although not invariably, occurred from commensal ancestry. Examination of the genes present in the MPEC strains relative to the commensal strains identified a consistent presence of the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in the MPEC strains, with only occasional representation in commensal strains, suggesting that T6SS may be associated with MPEC pathogenesis and/or as an inter-bacterial competitive attribute and therefore could represent a useful target to explore for the development of MPEC specific inhibitors.
“Thine is the Kingdom, the Power, and the Glory”: New Vistas for the Theology of the Cross

: This article examines fifteen recent books on a theology of the cross in the English language. Following the publication of Moltmann's The Crucified God and Hall's Lighten Our Darkness in the 1970s, unprecedented interest has been devoted to a theology of the cross in theological literature. The author categorizes this literature into four types: exegetical and historical treatments, critiques of theologies of glory, challenges to the abuse of power, and signals of the coming of God's kingdom. Two hypotheses are ventured regarding the emergence of these works at this time: 1) they evidence a theological response to the enormity of human suffering brought into awareness in an age of instant electronic communication; and 2) the urgent concern for the poor and the cry for social justice, which emerged with liberation theologies, are now finding expression through advocates for the theology of the cross.
Orthomodular lattices as implication algebras

Recent progress has been made in the study of implication connectives on orthomodular lattices (see [6] and [7]). Some of this research has been motivated by the delicate question of the appropriate form of the conditional sentence in a quantum logic. The purpose of this paper is to show that an orthomodular lattice can be axiomatized in terms of an "implication connective" on a set with a distinguished element. That such axiomatizations exist for Boolean algebras, a special family of orthomodular lattices, is well known to both logicians and mathematicians (see for example [1]). Finch in [3] began with an orthocomplemented partially ordered set with an implication connective and negation operator satisfying certain axioms, and proved the poset is actually an orthomodular lattice. We extend the work of Finch by beginning with a set P with an element 0 in P and with an abstractly given implication connective D. The triple (P, 0, D) is called a quantum implication algebra and is an algebra in the usual sense. No assumption is made about a partial order on P. Nevertheless, we prove that the theory of quantum implication algebras is co-extensive with the theory of orthomodular lattices. In all fairness, both Finch and I are using the original ideas of D. J. Foulis (see [4] and [5]) to accomplish the above mentioned results. I'm sure both of us are indebted to him for his insights.
Lyotropic phases reinforced by hydrogen bonding.

Amphiphilic guanidinium alkylbenzenesulfonates (GCnBS; n = number of carbons in the alkyl chain) exhibited lyotropic behavior in aqueous and organic solvents. The GCnBS compounds formed gel-like phases in certain cyclic organic solvents (e.g. p-xylene, cyclohexane) through the formation of swollen interdigitated lamellar phases reinforced by hydrogen bonding between the guanidinium ions and sulfonate moieties. This behavior was not observed for the homologous sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates, indicating that hydrogen bonding, mediated by the guanidinium (G) ion, was required for gel formation. Infrared spectroscopy unambiguously demonstrated the existence of the quasihexagonal hydrogen-bonded sheet typically adopted by G ions and the sulfonate groups in layered, solvent-free crystalline phases of the compounds, supporting lamellar structures in the gels. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of these gels revealed GCnBS lamellar phases with interlayer spacings (d) that increased with increasing temperature, ...
Assessment of suspicion of abuse in the primary care setting.

Objectives.— To describe the primary care practitioner's assessment of the likelihood that an injury was caused by physical abuse. The hypotheses were 1) practitioners face great uncertainty as to the possibility that an injury may have been caused by abuse; a measure that assigns variable degrees of suspicion to childhood injuries can be developed that will reveal this uncertainty; and 2) practitioner factors and patient factors influence this suspicion. Methods.— Primary care practitioners in a regional practice-based research network prospectively collected information about each consecutive office encounter during a 4-week study period. For injury-related visits, the practitioner described injury type, reported cause and severity, and the practitioner's assessment of the cause of injury. Practitioners also used a 5-point Suspicion Scale to identify their level of suspicion that the injury was caused by abuse, with 1 equating to impossible and 5 equating to virtually certain. A subset of practitioners gave information about child and family risk factors. The practitioner's reporting activity was not studied. Results.— Participating practitioners (n = 85) in 17 practices collected information about 12 510 office encounters, including 659 injuries. Although the practitioners assessed no injuries as "caused by abuse," they rated 21% of the injuries as having "some suspicion" of abuse. Practitioners were more likely to have "some suspicion" of abuse for those children who were Hispanic or African-American (vs White) ( P = .001, χ 2 ) and for those children whose mothers had no college education ( P = .018, χ 2 ). In multivariate logistic regression modeling, "some suspicion" of abuse was associated with higher injury severity (odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7, 7.0), age Conclusion.— Primary care practitioners reported some degree of suspicion that 21% of injuries they evaluated were caused by abuse. Patient factors and practitioner factors influenced their suspicion.
Custom lip shield for chronic actinic cheilitis

Chronic actinic cheilitis is a premalignant lesion related to excessive exposure to the sun. Those with fair complexions and blond hair, and those who work outside are susceptible to this disease. This article describes the fabrication of a custom lip shield to protect the lower lip from the sun in highly susceptible individuals.
High-resolution rocket spectra of the 1920-A and 1720-A features in the spectrum of Zeta Tauri

High-resolution ultraviolet spectrograms of the B-shell star Zeta Tau reveal two features characteristic of B supergiants, one at 1720 A and the other at 1920 A. The presence of these features in the spectrum of this object shows that they are indicative of an extended atmosphere - either the tenuous atmosphere of a supergiant or the envelope surrounding a rapidly rotating main-sequence star - and are therefore not purely luminosity criteria. The high spectral resolution allows an identification of the contributors to these features. The dominant contributor to the 1920-A feature is Fe III, while the primary contributor to the 1720-A feature is Al II.