cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Brief Discussion on Institutional Ethics and the Construction of Political Civilization

One of the important functions of the institutional ethics is to give a value judgment on the righteousness and reasonability of institutions according to social ethics and moral principles.As a result,the institutional ethics,being an imperative for the construction of political civilization,should be listed into its top agenda.Institutional ethnics and the construction of political civilization are intimately interwoven,and any advancement of each contributes to the other.This paper consists of 3 parts: firstly,the importance of institutional ethics to the political civilization construction;secondly,the ethics imperfection in current situation,and thirdly,ethics principles related to the socialist political civilization construction in China.
Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in the serum of maternal and fetal macaques (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are key effectors of fetal growth and development which are modulated by serum carrier proteins (IGF binding proteins [IGFBPs]). Studies were performed to evaluate the developmental profile of IGFs and IGFBPs in the macaque, an important nonhuman primate model for human development and disease. IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 were studied in the rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and long-tailed (Macaca fascicularis) monkey fetus and dam during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Serial fetal blood samples were collected by cardiocentesis every 10 days from gestational day (GD) 90-160, and at 1 month postnatal age; maternal blood samples were collected at similar timepoints. Results indicated that maternal sera IGF-I and IGF-II did not change significantly whereas fetal concentrations of serum IGF-I and IGF-II increased approximately two-fold during the second to the third trimesters. No significant differences were detected between the two species. Western-ligand blot analysis revealed predominant IGFBPs of 45-40 (IGFBP-3) and 28 kDa (IGFBP-1) in both the maternal and fetal compartments, and Western-immunoblot analysis using a specific antisera against IGFBP-3 indicated 45-40 and 28 kDa immunoreactive forms. Thus, although IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 remained relatively unaffected in maternal sera during this period of gestation, fetal concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 increased in a developmental profile similar to the human fetus.
Normal and Rectifiable Currents

To define boundary and establish compactness properties, it will be useful to view rectifiable sets as currents, that is, linear functionals on smooth differential forms (named by analogy with electrical currents). Currents associated with certain rectifiable sets, with integer multiplicities, will be called rectifiable currents. The mass of a rectifiable current is just the Hausdorff measure of the associated rectifiable set (counting multiplicities). The larger class of normal currents will allow for real multiplicities and smoothing. This chapter provides an overview of normal and rectifiable currents. It presents a table that gives spaces of currents that play an important role in geometric measure theory.
Revision total elbow replacement

Advances in surgical technique and implant design combined with the recognition of the importance of restoring the anatomic relationships of the elbow have led to a decreased complication rate associated with total elbow arthroplasty. However, when failure do occur it may lead to a very complex situation. The surgical solutions for the failed total elbow replacement are usually extremely challenging with high complication rates. The options range from implant removal with resection arthroplasty to revision total elbow arthroplasty to even amputation in severe cases. When faced with a failed total elbow replacement, the surgeon must understand the failure mode, evaluate the remaining soft tissues, bone, and neurovascular status, and then individualize the treatment option for the patient.
Connectionist networks for learning coordinated motion in autonomous systems

A central problem inherent to autonomous systems is the absence of an external reference frame in which sensory inputs can be interpreted. It is hypothesized that, in natural systems, sensory information is transformed into a consistent internal representation that serves as an internal invariant reference frame. This paper presents a hierarchical connectionist network for learning coordinated motion in an autonomous robot. The robot model used in the adaptation studies consists of three subsystems: an eye-like visual receptor, a head, and an arm. The network contains a hierarchy of adaptive subnetworks for processing sensory information. The performance of the hierarchical system was observed to improve towards an asymptotic value. The performance was found to be one order of magnitude better than that of non-hierarchical systems. This suggests that the intermediate layers may be serving as an internal invariant reference frame for the robot.
Satisfaction, function and repair integrity after arthroscopic versus mini-open rotator cuff repair

Aims Advances in arthroscopic techniques for rotator cuff repair have made the mini-open approach less popular. However, the mini-open approach remains an important technique for repair for many surgeons. The aims of this study were to compare the integrity of the repair, the function of the shoulder and satisfaction post-operatively using these two techniques in patients aged > 50 years. Patients and Methods We identified 22 patients treated with mini-open and 128 patients treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair of July 2007 and June 2011. The mean follow-up was two years (1 to 5). Outcome was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores, and satisfaction. The integrity of the repair was assessed using ultrasonography. A power analysis ensured sufficient enrolment. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the age, function, satisfaction, or pain scores (p > 0.05) of the two groups. The integrity of the repair and the mean SST scores were significantly better in the mini-open group (91% of mini-open repairs were intact versus 60% of arthroscopic repairs, p = 0.023; mean SST score 10.9 (standard deviation (sd) 1.3) in the mini-open group; 8.9 (sd 3.5) in arthroscopic group; p = 0.003). The ASES scores were also higher in the mini-open group (mean ASES score 91.0 (sd 10.5) in mini-open group; mean 82.70 (sd 19.8) in the arthroscopic group; p = 0.048). Conclusion The integrity of the repair and function of the shoulder were better after a mini-open repair than after arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear in these patients. The functional difference did not translate into a difference in satisfaction. Mini-open rotator cuff repair remains a useful technique despite advances in arthroscopy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:245–9.
The effect of surgical approach on gait mechanics after total hip arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Few studies have compared the biomechanical outcomes of different surgical approaches for hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to compare hip, pelvic, and trunk kinematics and kinetics between individuals who underwent a posterior or anterolateral approach. Methods Forty-five individuals between 40 and 80 years old underwent motion analysis during overground gait prior to hip arthroplasty and 3 months after surgery. Walking speed, hip flexion angle, hip extension angle, adduction angle and moment, trunk angle, trunk lean, and pelvis drop were compared between approaches. Findings There were 30 subjects in the posterior group and 15 subjects in the anterolateral group. The groups did not change differently over time as there were no significant interaction effects. However, there were main effects for time; walking speed increased 19.9% (p Interpretation Surgical approach did not affect biomechanical outcomes 3 months after arthroplasty. Both groups showed improvement in sagittal plane hip kinetics and kinematics. However, increased pelvic drop may be indicative of residual hip weakness in both groups.
Systems approach to water-pollution abatement for small business

Water pollution abatement costs are relatively high for small, isolated industrial plants. The authorities in Germany's Ruhr Valley have adopted a system wherein each discharger participates in economies of scale throughout the valley. The feasibility of a similar plan for the Kanawha River of West Virginia was studied using a separable programming computer model which produced optimal solutions under appropriate constraints. Depending on how costs are distributed, small industrial firms save between 12 and 61% of the cost accruing under the typical non-optimal plan. New governmental regulations are needed to implement such a systems approach. 12 references.
Kaleidoscope: contested identities and new forms of race membership

ABSTRACTWhat Brubaker [2016. “The Dolezal Affair: Race, Gender, and the Micropolitics of Identity.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 39 (3): 414–448] referred to in these pages as “the Dolezal affair”, though widely and intensely scrutinized, was only one example of a broader series of recent public controversies over an individual's “true” racial identity. This article argues that in the early-twenty-first century, claims of race-group membership are being complicated by technological developments in genetics and in cosmetics, as well as by new respect for subjective self-identification. As a result, there are more paths than ever to claiming and demonstrating racial belonging. In particular, I suggest that four new types of race-group member are emerging: genetic, cosmetic, emotive, and constructed. Should these types come to be widely accepted as genuine race members, racial groups will become more heterogeneous, resembling kaleidoscopic arrays of core and peripheral members who differ in terms of how many qu...
DNA repair: the search for homology

The repair of chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination is essential to maintain genome integrity. The key step in DSB repair is the RecA/Rad51-mediated process to match sequences at the broken end to homologous donor sequences that can be used as a template to repair the lesion. Here, in reviewing research about DSB repair, I consider the many factors that appear to play important roles in the successful search for homology by several homologous recombination mechanisms.
The Conceptual Coherence of Privacy As Developed in Law

I argue that there are historical, conceptual, and philosophical connections between the three interests in privacy developed in law in order to emphasize the coherence between the three types of privacy claims. This also demonstrates the broad scope of ways that our privacy may be invaded. Some may believe that technological advances have erased privacy and that we no longer have any reasonable expectation of privacy. I urge to the contrary that the connections between diverse privacy claims show there is more force to the alternative claim that it is more important than ever to protect privacy and to view it as the default for setting ethical, technological, and public policy guidelines, whenever possible.
Body Surface Laplacian Mapping of Bioelectric Sources

Targeting two of the most life-critical organs, the heart and brain, the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) are the two important bioelectric recordings to study the cardiac and neural activity.
Solving Weighted Max-SAT Problems in a Reduced Search Space: A Performance Analysis

We analyze, in this work, the performance of a recently introduced weighted Max-SAT solver, Clone, in the Max-SAT evaluation 2007. Clone utilizes a novel bound computation based on formula compilation that allows it to search in a reduced search space. We study how additional techniques from the SAT and Max-SAT literature affect the performance of Clone on problems from the evaluation. We then perform further investigations on factors that may affect the performance of leading Max-SAT solvers. We empirically identify two properties of weighted Max-SAT problems that can be used to adjust the difficulty level of the problems with respect to the considered solvers.
Kinetic model for sonolytic degradation of non-volatile surfactants: Perfluoroalkyl substances.

Abstract Sonolytic degradation kinetics of non-volatile surfactant perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were investigated over a range of concentration, considering active cavity as a catalyst. The Michaelis-Menten type kinetic model was developed to empirically estimate the concentration of active cavity sites during reactions. Sonolytic degradation of PFOA and PFOS, as well as the formation of its inorganic constituents, fluoride, and sulfate, follows saturation kinetics of pseudo-first order at lower concentration ( 23.60 µM). Nitrate and hydrogen peroxide formations were 0.53 ± 0.14 µM/min and 0.95 ± 0.11 µM/min, respectively. At a power density of 77 W/L and frequency of 575 kHz, the empirically estimated maximum number of active cavity sites that could lead to the sonolytic reaction were 89.25 and 8.8 mM for PFOA and PFOS, respectively. This study suggests that a lower number of active cavity sites with higher temperature needed to degrade PFOS might be the reason for lower degradation rate of PFOS compared to that of PFOA. Diffusion of non-volatile surfactants at the cavity-water interface is found to be the rate-limiting step for the mineralization of perfluoroalkyl substances.
Using Network and Spatial Data to Better Target Overdose Prevention Strategies in Rural Appalachia.

This analysis uses network and spatial data to identify optimal individuals to target with overdose prevention interventions in rural Appalachia. Five hundred and three rural persons who use drugs were recruited to participate in the Social Networks among Appalachian People Study (2008–2010). Interviewer-administered surveys collected information on demographic characteristics, risk behaviors (including overdose history), network members, and residential addresses. We restricted the sample to individuals with at least one confirmed relationship to another study participant (N = 463). Using dyadic analyses (N = 1428 relationships), we identified relationship-level correlates of relationships with network members who have previously overdosed. We then examined individual- and network-level factors associated with (1) having at least one first-degree alter (i.e., network member) with a prior overdose and (2) each additional network member with a prior overdose (N = 463 study participants). Overall, 28% of the sample had previously overdosed and 57% were one-degree away from someone who previously overdosed. Relationships with those who had overdosed were characterized by closer residential proximity. Those with at least one network member who previously overdosed were more geographically central and occupied more central network positions. Further, the number of network members with an overdose history increased with decreasing distance to the town center, increasing network centrality, and prior enrollment in an alcohol detox program. Because fatal overdoses can be prevented through bystander intervention, these findings suggest that strategies that target more central individuals (both geographically and based on their network positions) and those who have previously enrolled in alcohol detox programs with overdose prevention training and naloxone may optimize intervention reach and have the potential to curb overdose fatalities in this region.
Decision analysis to support the choice of a future power generation pathway for Sri Lanka

Abstract Power generation planning seeks to achieve a reliable power system, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social acceptability. Different alternatives of energy mixes that reflect emphasis on different strategic elements of energy policy are envisioned. For each alternative, a generation expansion pathway, comprised of different technologies introduced at different times along the planning period, is identified for each alternative considered. These pathways must be assessed in terms of multiple, sometimes conflicting, and often non-commensurate objectives. A power generation pathway can be evaluated using multiple criteria, each measured using a number of attributes. Sri Lanka, an island with no grid connection to neighboring countries and no fossil fuel reserves, currently needs to evaluate future power generation pathways. The objective of this study is to use a power capacity planning optimization model to determine details of a pathway for scheduling power plant additions for a set of alternatives and a demonstrate the use of multicriteria decision analysis method for identifying the “best” pathway for Sri Lanka. Different power generation pathways are developed and evaluated across multiple criteria and the preferences of multiple stakeholders. There is no clear winner among the pathways. A mix of renewable resources and fossil fuel constitutes an alternative that achieves energy security while satisfying multiple criteria associated with future power generation to a reasonable extent.
Physical Programming for Blind and Low Vision Children at Scale

There is a dearth of appropriate tools for young learners with mixed visual abilities to engage with computational learning. Addressing this gap, we present Project Torino, a physical programming language for teaching computational learning to children ages 7-11 regardless of level of vision. To create code, children connect and manipulate tactile objects to create music, audio stories, or poetry. Designed to be made and deployed at scale, Project Torino (along with a scheme of work) has been successfully used by 30 non-specialist teachers with 75 children across the UK over three months.
Reoperative Selective Sentinel Lymphadenectomy Combined With Lymphoscintigraphy Is Technically Feasible for Cutaneous Tumors of the Upper Extremity After Radical Dissection of Regional Lymph Node Basins for Breast Cancer

Selective sentinel lymphadenectomy (SSL) as described by Morton, has become the standard of care for the staging of melanoma and adenocarcinoma of the breast.1 It is also being used with increasing frequency in other malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma and colon cancer. The effectiveness of the technique is so profound that it is the primary regional staging technique for breast cancer and the use of SSL in asymptomatic melanoma patients obviates the need for additional imaging studies at the time of diagnosis. The rising incidence of melanoma and the high prevalence of breast cancer have generated a new scientific problem—how do the regional lymph node basins function after radical lymphadenectomy? Or restated in more clinical terms, are lymphatic drainage patterns altered after radical lymphadenectomy and is SSL still a technically feasible and valid staging tool? This challenging problem is just beginning to be addressed in canine animal models, which suggest that alternative lymphatic pathways are present in some cases.2,3 Over the last decade, several reports regarding the use of SSL or radical lymphadenectomy for previous axillary surgery have surfaced. Dinan et al4 reported the locations of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of 11 patients who previously had either SSL or radical axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Unusual drainage patterns were present in 4 patients (36%), including clavicular, posterior cervical, intramammary, and internal mammary locations (all ipsilateral). Sood et al presented 4 selected cases in which SSL for breast cancer was performed in which there was a prior ipsilateral ALND. Alternate sites included ipsilateral intramammary, internal mammary, and contralateral axillary SLNs.5 Subsequent to these initial reports, other studies have examined the imaging modality for recurrence of breast cancer and have reported good success in identifying sentinel nodes in patients with previous ALND.6,7 In spite of these reports, the feasibility of SSL for cutaneous tumors of the upper extremity in which a previously radically dissected axilla with a predicted regional drainage pattern into the axilla has never been explored. The purpose of this study was to examine lymphatic drainage patterns of the upper extremity in patients with previous ALND and determine if lymphoscintigraphy is an effective imaging modality for this indication.
Near-Death Experiences, Deathbed Visions, and Past-Life Memories: A Convergence in Support of van Lommel's 'Consciousness Beyond Life'

Abstract: This review supports cardiologist Pim van Lommel's continuity claim for human existence in his recently published book 'Consciousness Beyond Life: The Science of the Near-Death Experience' (2010). Van Lommel and colleagues (van Lommel, van Wees, Meyers, & Elfferich, 2001) studied NDEs among 344 Dutch hospital patients who had been resuscitated following cardiac arrest. From their and others' NDE research findings (e.g., accurate perceptions during the arrest period), van Lommel and colleagues concluded that mental activity can take place even in the absence of cerebral function. Extrapolating from this conclusion, van Lommel claimed in 'Consciousness Beyond Life' a fundamental continuity for individual human existence: that death and birth mark not final limits but instead the transition from one state of consciousness to another. In the course of making his continuity claim, van Lommel referred to other topics such as deathbed visions and past-life memories. In addition to reviewing NDE research, this article reviews research and illustrative responses pertaining to these related phenomena. A convergence of corroborative evidence is consistent with van Lommel's continuity claim.
Characterization of material around the centaur (2060) Chiron from a visible and near-infrared stellar occultation in 2011

The centaur (2060) Chiron has exhibited outgassing behaviour and possibly hosts a ring system. On 2011 November 29, Chiron occulted a fairly bright star (R approximately 15 mag) as observed from the 3-m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea and the 2-m Faulkes Telescope North (FTN) at Haleakala. Data were taken as visible wavelength images and simultaneous, low-resolution, near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Here, we present a detailed examination of the light-curve features in the optical data and an analysis of the near-infrared spectra. We place a lower limit on the diameter of Chiron's nucleus of 160.2+/-1.3 km. Sharp, narrow dips were observed between 280-360 km from the centre (depending on event geometry). For a central chord and assumed ring plane, the separated features are 298.5 to 302 and 308 to 310.5 km from the nucleus, with normal optical depth approximately 0.5-0.9, and a gap of 9.1+/-1.3 km. These features are similar in equivalent depth to Chariklo's inner ring. The absence of absorbing or scattering material near the nucleus suggests that these sharp dips are more likely to be planar rings than a shell of material. The region of relatively-increased transmission is within the 1:2 spin-orbit resonance, which is consistent with the proposed clearing pattern for a non-axisymmetric nucleus. Characteristics of additional, azimuthally incomplete features are presented, which are likely to be transient, as well as detection of an extended shell or diffuse ring from approximately 900-1500 km. There are no significant features in the NIR light curves, nor any correlation between optical features and NIR spectral slope.
Reverse QMRA for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Premise Plumbing to Inform Risk Management

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can grow and proliferate in biofilms in premise plumbing systems and is capable of causing infections through the ocular, inhalation...
Sex on earth as it is in heaven: a Christian eschatology of desire: by Patricia Beattie Jung, Albany, NY, SUNY Press, 2017, $23.95 (paperback), ISBN 13: 978-1-4384-6382-7

Sex on Earth as It Is in Heaven has an intriguing two-part thesis: there will be sexual desire and delight, as well as (nonbinary) gender in heaven, in “healed and transfigured” form; this in turn ...
A Generalized Data Preservation Problem in Sensor Networks–A Network Flow Perspective

Many emerging sensor network applications require sensor node deployment in challenging environments that are remote and inaccessible. In such applications, it is not always possible to deploy base stations in or near the sensor field to collect sensory data. Therefore, the overflow data generated by some nodes is first offloaded to other nodes inside the network to be preserved, then gets collected when uploading opportunities become available. In this paper, we study a generalized data preservation problem in sensor networks, whose goal is to minimize the total energy consumption of preserving data inside sensor networks, given that each node has limited battery power. With an intricate transformation of the sensor network graph, we demonstrate that this problem can be modeled and solved as a minimum cost flow problem. Also, using data preservation in sensor networks as an example, we show that seemingly equivalent maximum flow techniques can result in dramatically different network performance. Much caution thus needs to be exercised while adopting classic network flow techniques into sensor network applications, despite successful application of network flow theory to many existing sensor network problems. Finally, we present a load-balancing data preservation algorithm, which not only minimizes the total energy consumption, but also maximizes the minimum remaining energy of nodes that receive distributed data, thereby preserving data for longer time. Simulation results show that compared to the existing techniques, this results in much evenly distributed remaining energy among sensor nodes.
Nonlinear response of swirling premixed flames to helical flow disturbances

This paper considers the relationship between nonlinearly interacting helical flow disturbances and flame area response in a swirling premixed flame. The present study was performed to determine whether there are nonlinear mechanisms through which helical modes ( helical modes.
Training During a Pandemic: Successes, Challenges, and Practical Guidance From a Virtual Facilitated Learning Collaborative Training Program for Written Exposure Therapy

In response to COVID-19, continued workforce training is essential to ensure that evidence-based treatments are available on the frontline to meet communities' ongoing and emerging mental health needs. However, training during a pandemic imposes many new challenges. This paper describes a multisite training and implementation pilot program, facets of which allowed for continued training despite the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent social distancing guidelines. This virtual facilitated learning collaborative in Written Exposure Therapy, an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder, included virtual workshop training, phone-based clinical consultation, implementation-focused video calls for program leadership, and program evaluation. Data are presented about program enrollees and patient impact following the onset of COVID-19-related social distancing restrictions. Challenges, successes, and practical guidance are discussed to inform the field regarding training strategies likely to be durable in an uncertain, dynamic healthcare landscape.
Involvement of Cxcl12a/Cxcr4b Chemokine System in Mediating the Stimulatory Effect of Embryonic Ethanol Exposure on Neuronal Density in Zebrafish Hypothalamus.

Background Embryonic exposure to ethanol (EtOH) produces marked disturbances in neuronal development and alcohol-related behaviors, with low-moderate EtOH doses stimulating neurogenesis without producing apoptosis and high doses having major cytotoxic effects while causing gross morphological abnormalities. With the pro-inflammatory chemokine system, Cxcl12, and its main receptor Cxcr4, known to promote processes of neurogenesis, we examined here this neuroimmune system in the embryonic hypothalamus to test directly if it mediates the stimulatory effects low-moderate EtOH doses have on neuronal development. Methods We used the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, which develops externally and allows one to investigate the developing brain in vivo with precise control of dose and timing of EtOH delivery in the absence of maternal influence. Zebrafish were exposed to low-moderate EtOH doses (0.1, 0.25, 0.5% v/v), specifically during a period of peak hypothalamic development from 22 to 24 hours postfertilization, and in some tests were pretreated from 2 to 22 hpf with the Cxcr4 receptor antagonist, AMD3100. Measurements in the hypothalamus at 26 hpf were taken of cxcl12a and cxcr4b transcription, signaling, and neuronal density using qRT-PCR, RNAscope, and live imaging of transgenic zebrafish. Results Embryonic EtOH exposure, particularly at the 0.5% dose, significantly increased levels of cxcl12a and cxcr4b mRNA in whole embryos, number of cxcl12a and cxcr4b transcripts in developing hypothalamus, and internalization of Cxcr4b receptors in hypothalamic cells. Embryonic EtOH also caused an increase in the number of hypothalamic neurons and coexpression of cxcl12a and cxcr4b transcripts within these neurons. Each of these stimulatory effects of EtOH in the embryo was blocked by pretreatment with the Cxcr4 antagonist AMD3100. Conclusions These results provide clear evidence that EtOH's stimulatory effects at low-moderate doses on the number of hypothalamic neurons early in development are mediated, in part, by increased transcription and intracellular activation of this chemokine system, likely due to autocrine signaling of Cxcl12a at its Cxcr4b receptor within the neurons.
Using reinforcement learning with external rewards for open-domain natural language generation

We propose a new approach towards emotional natural language generation using bidirectional seq2seq model. Our goal is to generate emotionally relevant language that accommodates the emotional tone of the prior context. To incorporate emotional information, we train our own embeddings appended with emotion values through valence, arousal and dominance scores. We use a reinforcement-learning framework, which is tuned using policy gradient method. Two of the internal rewards in our reinforcement learning framework, viz. Ease of Answering and Semantic Coherence are based on prior state-of-the-art. We propose a new internal reward, Emotional Intelligence, computed by minimizing the affective dissonance between the source and generated text. We also train a separate external reward analyzer to predict the rewards as well as to maximize the expected rewards (both internal and external). We evaluate the system on two common corpora used for Natural Language Generation tasks: the Cornell Movie Dialog and Yelp Restaurant Review Corpus. We report standard evaluation metrics including BLEU, ROUGE-L and perplexity as well as human evaluation to validate our approach. We demonstrate the ability of proposed model to generate emotionally appropriate responses on both corpora.
Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma: Brief overview of current data and imaging findings

In 2016, the World Health Organization added Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma as a provisionally recognized lymphoma to the family of existing Anaplastic Large Cell lymphomas. Current estimates of the lifetime risk of the disease in women with textured breast implants range from 1:1,000 to 1:30,000. The mean interval from implant placement to diagnosis is 10.7 ± 4.6 years and the most common clinical symptom at presentation is breast swelling. A high level of clinical suspicion is recommended in patients presenting with breast symptoms and/or peri-implant fluid collection occurring more than 1 year after breast implant placement. Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice, with a high sensitivity for peri-implant fluid and a high specificity for peri-implant mass. When ultrasound is inconclusive, breast MRI is indicated. As of today, all confirmed cases have tested positive for CD30 immunohistochemistry and the disease has shown to have an excellent prognosis when it is diagnosed earlier (localized disease), and when complete surgery, consisting of explantation, capsulectomy, and removal of any associated capsule mass, is performed. This overview summarizes the available epidemiological and clinical data of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell lymphoma, with an emphasis on imaging features.
Characteristics and Predictors of Outcome of Pseudoaneurysms Associated With Vertebral Artery Dissections: A 310-Patient Case Series.

BACKGROUND Vertebral artery dissections (VADs) are a common cause of stroke in young patients and can result in various secondary effects, including pseudoaneurysm formation. OBJECTIVE To identify differences in predisposing factors and outcomes for VADs with and without concomitant pseudoaneurysms. METHODS We retrospective chart reviewed patients who presented to our institution at the time of VAD with at least a 3-mo clinical follow-up. Demographics, VAD characteristics, treatment, and outcomes represented as modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores were collected. RESULTS Of 310 patients with a VAD included in this study, 301 patients had an identified pseudoaneurysm status, with 54 pseudoaneurysm-associated VADs and 247 VADs not associated with pseudoaneurysm. VAD patients with associated pseudoaneurysms were more likely to be female (P < .004), have bilateral VADs (P < .001), and have fewer vertebral artery segments affected (P = .018), and less likely to have stroke (P < .008) or occlusion of the vertebral artery (P < .001). There was no difference in the proportion of patients treated with antiplatelet agents (P = .12) or anticoagulants (P = .27) between the groups. VAD patients with associated pseudoaneurysms were more likely to have a higher mRS at 3-mo follow-up (P = .044) but not discharge (P = .18) or last follow-up (P = .05). VAD patients with pseudoaneurysms were equally likely to have resolution of occlusion (P = .40) and stenosis (P = .19). CONCLUSION Demographics and clinical and radiological characteristics of VADs associated with pseudoaneurysms are different from those without associated pseudoaneurysms. Vertebral artery dissections with concomitant pseudoaneurysms are neither associated with worse functional nor radiographic outcomes.
Optimal Coordination of Ultrafast Solid-State Circuit Breakers in DC Microgrids

Solid state circuit breakers (SSCBs) present ultrafast response time in interrupting short circuit fault currents in DC systems. Coordination of SSCBs is presented in this paper to minimize the isolation time, enhancing the reliabity, and obtain selectivity. Inverse time current characteristics (ITCC) are considered to describe the time-current trip curves of SSCBs. Three operating profiles are included named as overload, short circuit, and instantaneous regimes. In overload profile, thermal capability of the SSCBs is considered in determining the tripping time; whereas, operating speed is the deciding factor in short circuit and instantaneous profiles. A coordination time interval (CTI) is applied between primary and backup SSCBs to provide selectivity without the need of any communication link. To verify the correctness of the protective scheme, a 400V grid-connected DC microgrid including ultrafast MOV-RCD based SSCBs is simulated in LTspice.
Introduction to classical mechanics : with problems and solutions

Preface 1. Strategies for solving problems 2. Statics 3. Using F=ma 4. Oscillations 5. Conservation of energy and momentum 6. The Lagrangian model 7. Central forces 8. Angular momentum, Part I (constant L) 9. Angular momentum, Part II (general L) 10. Accelerating frames of reference 11. Relativity (kinematics) 12. Relativity (dynamics) 13. 4-vectors 14. General relativity Appendices References Index.
Permanent teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines stabilized by transformation with SV40 and SV40tsA mutant viruses.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the permanent teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines stabilized by transformation with SV40 and SV40tsA mutant viruses. Mouse teratocarcinoma cells derived from embryoid bodies of 129SvS1 mice were cultured in vitro to permit their differentiation. These cells were then infected with three different SV40tsA mutants at 32°C, and six cloned cell lines (SVtsA-teratocarcinoma derived cells) were derived from these cultures. All six cell lines expressed the SV40 tumor antigen (94,000 MW) in a temperature-sensitive fashion, with lower levels of this antigen detected at the nonpermissive temperature. Mock infected teratocarcinoma-derived cells did not give rise to permanent cell lines demonstrating the necessity of the virus or its products in the formation of the teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines. Temperature shift experiments demonstrated that the viral A gene product plays an essential role in the ability of the SVtsA cell lines to form colonies on plastic surfaces in 2% serum-containing medium, on top of monolayer cell cultures in 10% serum-containing medium, or in agar suspension cultures.
Agency, Distribution and Representation Contracts in Central America and Panama

In Central America and Panama, agency, distribution and representation contracts are regulated by recently enacted legislation, protective in nature. The importance of this protectionism rests on its impact, particularly in the economic area, on foreign enterprises or those exporting their products to Central America and Panama. This study reviews the essential provisions of the pertinent legislation of Panama, Honduras, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua. The statutes or decrees are taken up chronologically, according to their respective dates of implementation.
Accountability in Crises and Public Trust in Governing Institutions

1. Introduction Part 1: Examining accountability: An empirically grounded theoretical framework 2. Accountability mechanisms in governance 3. A comparative outlook on accountability mechanisms and the exertion of accountability in crises Part 2: Accountability in Sweden: A historical institutional examination 4. Swedish Crises 1931 -2005 5. Mapping three historical developments: crises, accountability, and trust in government 6. Agents in accountability processes - who is held accountable by whom and how? Part 3: Results and trends 7. The formal and informal nature of accountability 8. Public trust in governing institutions 9. Crises, accountability and trust in government: Conclusions
Freestyle Local Perforator Flaps for Facial Reconstruction

For the successful reconstruction of facial defects, various perforator flaps have been used in single-stage surgery, where tissues are moved to adjacent defect sites. Our group successfully performed perforator flap surgery on 17 patients with small to moderate facial defects that affected the functional and aesthetic features of their faces. Of four complicated cases, three developed venous congestion, which resolved in the subacute postoperative period, and one patient with partial necrosis underwent minor revision. We reviewed the literature on freestyle perforator flaps for facial defect reconstruction and focused on English articles published in the last five years. With the advance of knowledge regarding the vascular anatomy of pedicled perforator flaps in the face, we found that some perforator flaps can improve functional and aesthetic reconstruction for the facial defects. We suggest that freestyle facial perforator flaps can serve as alternative, safe, and versatile treatment modalities for covering small to moderate facial defects.
Support Vector Machine for Spatial Variation

Large, multivariate geographic datasets have been used to characterize geographic space with the help of spatial data mining tools. In our study, we explore the sufficiency of the Support Vector Machine (SVM), a popular machine-learning technique for unsupervised classification and clustering, to help recognize hidden patterns in a college admissions dataset. Our college admissions dataset holds over 10,000 students applying to an undisclosed university during one undisclosed year. Students are qualified almost exclusively by their standardized test scores and school records, and a known admissions decision is rendered based on these criteria. Given that the university has a number of political, social and geographic econometric factors in its admissions decisions, we use SVM to find implicit spatial patterns that may favor students from certain geographic regions. We first explore the characteristics of the applicants in the college admissions case study. Next, we explain the SVM technique and our unique ‘threshold line’ methodology for both discrete (regional) and continuous (k-neighbors) space. We then analyze the results of the regional and k-neighbor tests in order to respond to the methodological and geographic research questions.
Soil Moisture Survey

Each spring and fall a soil moisture survey is conducted to determine the amount of plant-available moisture in the top five feet of many of the major soils in Iowa. Several of the sites are located in the Wallace Foundation for Rural Research and Development (WFRRD) area. Many producers make or alter their crop management plans according to expected soil moisture levels.
Charitable giving inside and outside the workplace: the role of individual and firm characteristics

Over the past several decades, charitable solicitations in the workplace have played an increasing role in the fundraising strategies of nonprofit organizations. Although many studies have examined the factors that influence overall charitable giving, very few studies have focused on giving when asked to donate in the workplace. This paper examines the determinants of charitable giving in and outside of the workplace in addition to the role of individual and firm-level characteristics. The study is based on one of the largest surveys of workplace giving including unique information on both workplace giving and overall charitable giving for 6000 employees in the USA. Specific factors uniquely influence charitable giving in the workplace. An employee's personal level of confidence in the nonprofit sector is strongly likely to influence workplace donations. At the firm level, an organization's size and industry also affect the presence of workplace campaigns and giving trends. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Clientele of a Child and Family Mental Health Agency: Empirically Derived Household Clusters and Practice Implications:

Social workers and other mental health professionals have developed and applied a number of typologies of family types in clinical practice, as well as for program planning. Most such taxonomies ha...
The effect of medication use on urinary incontinence in community-dwelling elderly women.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether use of certain medications with potential urological effects is associated with development of incident urinary incontinence in community-resident older women. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Pittsburgh, PA, and Memphis, TN. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred fifty-nine healthy black and white women aged 65 and older enrolled in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study without baseline (Year 1) self-reported urinary incontinence. MEASUREMENTS: Use of alpha blockers, anticholinergics, central nervous system medications (opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antipsychotics), diuretics (thiazide, loop, potassium sparing), and estrogen (all dosage forms) was determined during Year 3 interviews. Self-reported incident (≥weekly) incontinence in during the previous 12 months was assessed at Year 4 interviews. RESULTS: Overall, 20.5% of these women reported incident incontinence at Year 4 (3 years from baseline). The most common medication used with potential urological activity was a thiazide diuretic (24.3%), followed by estrogen (22.2%); alpha blockers were the least commonly used (2.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that current users of alpha blockers (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.98, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.96–12.64) and estrogen (AOR=1.60, 95% CI=1.08–2.36) had a greater risk of urinary incontinence than nonusers. There was no greater risk (P>.05) of urinary incontinence with the current use of anticholinergics, central nervous system medications, or diuretics. No statistically significant race-by–medication use interactions were found (all P>.05). CONCLUSION: These results corroborate earlier reports that, in elderly women, use of alpha blockers or estrogens is associated with risk of self-reported incident urinary incontinence.
Free Radical Cyclizations

The free radical cyclizations of hex-5-enes (1 in Fig. 7.1) were accomplished some time ago, and although the origin of selectivity was not initially understood, the stereochemistry at the newly created centers was predictable in some of the cases.
Glutamine synthetase gene expression and glutamate transporters in C6-glioma cells

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the major glutamate-forming enzyme of vertebrae and is accepted to be a marker of astroglial cells. Maturation of astroglial cells is characterized by an increase in GS activity, and the regulation of this enzyme is the topic of many publications. The amino acid glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and mediates normal excitatory synaptic transmission by interaction with postsynaptic receptors. Glutamate also acts as a potent neurotoxin when present at high concentration. Glutamate neurotoxicity plays an important role in the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the normal condition, L-glutamate is predominantly taken up, metabolized and recycled by astrocytes through the glutamate transporters (GLAST/GLT1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) catalytic activity. Because of the fundamental role of these glutamate transporters and the glutamine synthetase enzyme in controlling cerebral glutamate level, regulation of GS and studying of the glutamate transporters in glial cells is important. Astrocytes are supportive cells and act as the site of detoxification of glutamate in the brain. However, their isolation from the brain is a tedious, costly and time consuming procedure. On the other hand, the C6-glioma cells are readily available on the market. They are well characterized and have been a useful model for CNS glia in many laboratories. For this study, we used the C6-glioma cell line as a model system. We examined the presence or absence of glial specific glutamate transporters (GLTI and GLAST) in C6-glioma cells, which was done by immunocytochemistry. We also examined glutamine synthetase gene expression in these cells by treatment of the C6-glioma cells with estrogen (17s estradiol). The findings from this study provide useful information about C6-glioma cells which makes the study of the CNS tremendously inexpensive.