cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global brand value in developed, emerging, and least developed country markets

This paper examines how a brand’s perceived globalness creates value across three different market types: developed, emerging, and least developed country markets. The author proposes that differing normative institutional environments across these three market types induce differing consumer values with respect to global brands. Utilizing nonstudent samples from countries which represent each market type (USA, India, Madagascar), the results show that the relationship between perceived brand globalness and perceived brand quality is significant and positive in a least developed country market, only marginally significant in an emerging market, and not significant in a developed market. The relationship between perceived brand globalness and perceived brand prestige is significant and positive in an emerging and a least developed country market, and not significant in a developed market. Finally, the relationship between perceived brand prestige and perceived brand quality is positive and significant across all three markets. These findings advance international marketing theory and practice by providing further insight into how MNEs should promote their brands across different market types.
Comparative analysis of the factors associated with citation and media coverage of clinical research

Our objective was to study the relationship between the design and content of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and the subsequent number of citations in the medical literature and attention in online news and social media. We studied RCTs published during 2014 in five highly cited medical journals. This was a retrospective review focusing on characteristics of the individual trials and measures of citation and lay media attention. Primary outcome measures included citation count and Altmetric® scores (a composite score measuring attention in news, blogs, Twitter®, and Facebook®). Two hundred and forty two RCTs were included in the final analysis. Trial characteristics that were positive predictors of citation count included investigation of Hepatitis C treatment (r = 0.35, p < 0.001), private funding (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), mortality-related endpoint (r = 0.22, p < 0.001), and research setting within the United States (r = 0.13, p < 0.001). The trial characteristic that positively predicted Altmetric score was the population size potentially affected (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). The only negative predictor of citation count was the size of the population potentially affected (r = −0.21, p < 0.001). Negative predictors of the Altmetric score included investigation of Hepatitis C treatment (r = −0.21, p < 0.001) and private funding (r = −0.13, p < 0.001). While correlation magnitudes were weak, the predictors of biomedical literature citation and non-academic media coverage were different. These predictors may affect editorial decisions and, given the rising influence of health journalism, further study is warranted.
Antinociceptive effect of dopaminergic neurotransmission evoked by mesencephalic stimulation on spinal interneuronal activity in cats.

Adult cats, precollicularly decerebrated and immobilized with Flaxedil® (2 mg/kg, i.v.), were used in the study. Recordings of laminae IV and V cell activity elicited by natural stimulation to the left hind limb or electrical stimulation to the left sural nerve exposed in the popliteal fossa was made at the level of L.6 and L7. Brain stimulation consisting of 100 msec trains of rectangular pulses (0.1 msec, 100 Hz, 3/sec for 1 min, 5–10 V intensity) was delivered to substantia nigra, periaqueductal gray and raphe nucleus in the midbrain via concentric bipolar electrodes. Noxious peri pheral input evoked activity ranging from a few spikes to long duration repetitive discharges. Stimulating the three brain sites individually resulted in inhibitory, facilitatory or no effect on the firing pattern of laminae IV and V cells. Cells responded to nonnoxious activation, however, were without change following central stimulation. The inhibitory effect on the dorsal horn cells was abolished by injecting bulbocapnine (20 mg/kg, i.v.) or tetrabenazine (40 mg/kg, i.V.), suggesting a role of dopaminergic control of the midbrain on laminae IV and V cells. This was further substantiated by the finding that administration of L-dopa (20 mg/kg, i.v.) or apomorphine (20 mg/kg, i.v.) reversed the previous drugs effect and reestablished the brain stem inhibition on the spinal transmission of noxious impulses.
Dewey's Technological Literacy: Past, Present, and Future

Technological literacy was defined, though not so named, by John Dewey at the turn of the past century. Dewey described how schooling could lay the groundwork for understanding the practice and implications of producing for society's needs. He talked about the importance of technologically literate individuals and collective knowledge production in the development of thoughtful citizens capable of critical thinking. This was evident in 1915, as Dewey and Dewey noted:
The Common Beliefs Survey-III, The Situational Self-Statement, and Affective State Inventory and Their Relationship to Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation

The concept of irrational beliefs is central to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). These beliefs are defined by their absolutist and dogmatic qualities. The terms absolutist and dogmatic are also characteristic of some personality constructs, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) being foremost among these. A relatively new personality construct, social dominance orientation (SDO) is similar to RWA in that both are excellent predictors of prejudice. As these two constructs are independent of each other, it has been suggested that they have different etiological underpinnings. The present study examined the relationship between the presence of irrational beliefs in people scoring high in RWA and SDO. Results suggest that high RWAs are more likely than high SDOs to endorse irrational beliefs. These findings add to the growing literature examining the relationship between these two personality constructs as well as suggesting possible implications for the use of REBT with clients scoring high on these personality dimensions.
Excessive use of antibiotics in the community associated with delayed admission and masked diagnosis of infectious diseases

Resistance to antimicrobial drugs is becoming more serious throughout the world, and is a major problem in Taiwan. The selective pressure of antibiotic use makes some degree of antibiotic resistance inevitable, but extraordinarily high rates of resistance suggest excessive use. This report reviews collaborative studies undertaken in the southern city of Kaohsiung to better define the use of antibiotics in the community and to determine whether recent use of antibiotics results in delayed admission and missed or masked diagnoses of infectious diseases among patients presented at an emergency department. Because of the unreliability in the patients' medical history, antibiotic activity was determined in the urine. These studies demonstrated that (1) detection of antibiotics in the urine offers a simple and inexpensive means to determine antibiotic use when a history of drug use is unreliable; (2) the high frequency of antibiotics use among patients presenting at emergency departments, clinics, and in the community may account for the extraordinarily high rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Taiwan; and (3) recent use of antimicrobial drugs before visiting an emergency department was associated with a significantly increased risk of delayed and masked or missed diagnoses of infectious diseases, and missed diagnosis of noninfectious diseases. These findings reflect inherent social, economic, and cultural problems and constraints in the medical care system in Taiwan. The issue of inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community, hospitals, and agriculture is now being addressed at a national level.
Sensing of Phase-Change Memory

PCM is an emerging non-volatile memory that offers high integration density and high endurance. The speed of PCM is comparable to DRAM. However, PCM sense operation incurs issues due to the resistance drifting phenomenon, high sensing time, sense time variation from cell to cell, etc. Therefore, conventional sensing techniques need to be modified. In this chapter, we describe these issues along with the basics of PCM cell design and PCM read/write operation. We also summarized state-of-the-art PCM-specific sensing schemes proposed to address different PCM-sensing issues.
Degradation of Blos1 mRNA by IRE1 repositions lysosomes and protects cells from stress

Cells respond to stress in the ER by initiating the widely conserved unfolded protein response. Activation of the ER transmembrane nuclease IRE1 leads to the degradation of specific mRNAs, but how this pathway affects the ability of cells to recover from stress is not known. Here, we show that degradation of the mRNA encoding biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles 1 subunit 1 (Blos1) leads to the repositioning of late endosomes (LEs)/lysosomes to the microtubule-organizing center in response to stress in mouse cells. Overriding Blos1 degradation led to ER stress sensitivity and the accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates, whose efficient degradation required their independent trafficking to the cell center and the LE-associated endosomal sorting complexes required for transport. We propose that Blos1 regulation by IRE1 promotes LE-mediated microautophagy of protein aggregates and protects cells from their cytotoxic effects.
Taphonomic, environmental, and cultural influences on Archaic Faunal assemblages at Modoc Rock Shelter, Illinois, USA

Abstract We incorporated faunal datasets from 1950s to 1980s excavations at Modoc Rock Shelter (11R5), a deeply stratified archaeological site in the central Mississippi River valley of southwestern Illinois, into the Digital Archaeological Record (tDAR) as part of a National Science Foundation-funded research project in which nine collaborators in the Eastern Archaic Faunal Working Group (EAFWG) ingested and analyzed faunal datasets from 23 archaeological sites to test hypotheses about changing use of aquatic resources during the Archaic Period (10,000─3000 RCYBP) in the interior Eastern United States. The use of tDAR resulted in the online digital preservation of Modoc Rock Shelter data accumulated by different researchers over five decades from multiple areas of excavation and also provided tools to integrate and synthesize the data. To ensure comparability of Modoc Rock Shelter datasets made by researchers using different coding schemes, we mapped variable attributes to existing and newly created tDAR ontologies. Following the EAFWG taphonomic protocol, we examined evidence for differential bone preservation and destruction caused by weathering, gnawing and chewing, butchering, fragmentation, burning, and bone density-mediated attrition for cultural components of the West Shelter and Main Shelter at Modoc. We also examined potential taphonomic biases caused by differences in recovery techniques, contexts excavated, and settlement function. With due consideration of taphonomic biases, we analyzed variability related to cultural factors and/or environmental change. Using the tDAR integration tool, we compared resource use for the cultural components in the two shelters. Our studies bear out earlier findings that Early Archaic hunter-gatherers at Modoc Rock shelter collected numerous small mammals, especially tree squirrels. Deer hunting and aquatic resource use generally increased during the Middle Archaic; and use of fauna was more specialized in the Late Archaic field camps. We relate these shifts in exploitation to landscape evolution, including stabilization of river systems, development of floodplain lakes, and the opening of the forest in the middle Holocene, as well as to changes in demography and settlement strategies.
(351) The Opioids Oxycodone, Fentanyl, and Morphine Amplify Neuropathic when Given after Chronic Pain is Established

Neuropathic pain affects approximately 4 million people in the U.S. and remains refractory to analgesics in many patients. We have previously shown that a short course of morphine given at the time of initial chronic pain development results in amplification of the intensity and/or duration of neuropathic pain. However, it is unknown whether this effect is exclusive to morphine, or whether this effect is dependent on the time of dosing relative to the time of nerve injury. To test whether other common, clinically used opioids also exacerbate neuropathic pain, we tested the effects of fentanyl and oxycodone compared to morphine in a rat model of neuropathic pain, chronic constriction injury (CCI). Male Sprague Dawley rats received CCI surgery and were dosed with oxycodone (s.c. 2 mg/kg, b.i.d.), fentanyl (0.01mg/kg/hr s.c. osmotic minipump), morphine (s.c. 5 mg/kg, b.i.d.), or vehicle beginning 1 hour, 10 days, or 28 days post-CCI for 5 days. Previous experiments have shown that pain amplification occurs when morphine administration begins at day 10 after CCI (at the time of chronic pain development). We found that dosing with morphine, oxycodone, or fentanyl that begins at either day 10 or day 28 after injury results in prolonged magnitude and duration of chronic pain. This effect is not observed when the 5-day administration of these opioids began one-hour post CCI, before chronic pain onset. This suggests that opioids administered after the development of chronic pain can produce detrimental and counterproductive increases in pain, whereas a short course of opioids administered at the time of injury may not produce such effects. Whether patients with ongoing neuropathic pain (relative to those with acute nerve injury) are particularly sensitive to the deleterious effects of opioids warrants investigation. Supported by Dept of the Army Log No. 14001001. Opioids provided by the NIDA Drug Repository.
Parental and Healthcare Providers Attitudes Regarding the Indications for Antipyretics Before and After Implementation of an Educational Tool

Background/Objectives: Fever phobia is a phenomenon that still exists among parents and healthcare providers, although the beneficial effects of fever in fighting infections have been known for decades. In this study, we sought to examine the attitudes of parents and healthcare providers on the use of antipyretics in hospitalized children. Methods: Eligible subjects included: (1) pediatric residents, (2) nurses, and (3) primary caretakers of children ages 0-60 months hospitalized for infectious causes of fever. These subjects completed group-specific, multi-item questionnaires via Survey Monkey and viewed a 10-minute educational presentation. Pre- …
The dorsal prefrontal and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices exert complementary network signatures during encoding and retrieval in associative memory

Cognitive control includes processes that facilitate execution of effortful cognitive tasks, including associative memory. Regions implicated in cognitive control during associative memory include the dorsal prefrontal (dPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Here we investigated the relative degrees of network-related interactions originating in the dPFC and dACC during oscillating phases of associative memory: encoding and cued retrieval. Volunteers completed an established object-location associative memory paradigm during fMRI. Psychophysiological interactions modeled modulatory network interactions from the dPFC and dACC during memory encoding and retrieval. Results were evaluated in second level analyses of variance with seed region and memory process as factors. Each seed exerted differentiable modulatory effects during encoding and retrieval. The dACC exhibited greater modulation (than the dPFC) on the fusiform and parahippocampal gyrus during encoding, while the dPFC exhibited greater modulation (than the dACC) on the fusiform, hippocampus, dPFC and basal ganglia. During retrieval, the dPFC exhibited greater modulation (than the dACC) on the parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, superior parietal lobule, and dPFC. The most notable finding was a seed by process interaction indicating that the dACC and the dPFC exerted complementary modulatory control on the hippocampus during each of the associative memory processes. These results provide evidence for differentiable, yet complementary, control-related modulation by the dACC and dPFC, while establishing the primacy of dPFC in exerting network control during both associative memory phases. Our approach and findings are relevant for understanding basic processes in human memory and psychiatric disorders that impact associative memory-related networks.
Recruiting Participants into Pilot Trials: Techniques for Researchers with Shoestring Budgets.

Limited research has focused on recruitment strategies for health promotion researchers conducting small-scale pilot studies. Such research is important because small studies often have limited funding streams and personnel resources. Accordingly, many techniques implemented by large-scale studies are of limited use to smaller research projects. This article provides an overview effective participant recruitment techniques for pilot studies with limited funds and personnel resources. Recruitment techniques were derived from the first author’s experience in recruiting participants during his doctoral and postdoctoral studies, the over 25 years of research experience of each of the co-authors, and an extensive review of the literature. Five key recruitment techniques are discussed: 1) leverage existing social networks and personal contacts, 2) identify and foster collaborations with community gatekeepers, 3) develop a comprehensive list of potential recruitment platforms and venues, 4) create recruitment materials that succinctly describe the purpose of the study, and 5) build respectful and trusting relationships with potential participants. Implementation of the proposed techniques can lead to enhanced recruitment, as well as retention among study participants.
Statin Dosing Instructions, Medication Adherence, and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: a Cohort Study of Incident Statin Users.

Robust evidence is lacking on optimal timing of statin administration and its impact on patient outcomes. This study aims to evaluate among incident statin users the relationship between those prescribed evening vs. daily dosing instructions, medication adherence, and changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). This is an observational cohort study at Sutter Health, a community-based healthcare system, 2010–2016. Patients were ≥ 35 years of age as of the first statin prescription (baseline), with 12 to 36 months of electronic health record activity before and after baseline. Incident use was defined as no statin prescription in 12 months prior to baseline. Differences in medication adherence (proportion of days covered ≥ 0.80) over 12 months from baseline and mean change in LDL-c between 12 and 24 months from baseline were measured using regression modeling, adjusting for baseline demographics and clinical, prescriber, and statin characteristics. Among 31,252 patients with valid statin prescriptions between 2010 and 2016, 5099 eligible incident statin users (mean age, 63 years) were identified, of whom 53% were prescribed evening and 47% daily dosing instructions. No difference in likelihood of statin adherence over 12 months was observed for evening vs. daily dosing (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.90; 95% CI 0.75, 1.08). No differences were observed in mean change in LDL-c (adjusted mean difference 1.42 mg/dL; 95% CI − 1.02, 3.89) or likelihood of attaining LDL-c < 70 mg/dL (adjusted OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.67, 1.04) for evening vs. daily dosing over a mean of 19 months follow-up. Among incident statin users from a real-world clinical setting, those with daily and evening dosing instructions had similar adherence rates and mean changes in LDL-c. Given potential clinical equipoise for evening and daily dosing, clinicians should consider patient-tailored statin dosing instructions to reduce potentially unnecessary regimen complexity.
Comparison of Mental Health Literacy between Criminal Justice Students and Police Academy Cadets: An Exploratory Study

Given that the prevalence of mental illness is significantly higher in the criminal justice system than the general population in the United States, this study examined the mental health literacy o...
Oil Spills Detection on Sea Surface by using Sentinel–1 SAR Images

The present paper describes an algorithm and software application for oil slicks detection on the sea surface by using Sentinel – 1 SAR images. Some experimental results demonstrate application’s ability to process SAR images and to detect oil slicks on the sea surface. To validate the detection, official reports, provided by European satellite-based oil spill monitoring service CleanSeaNet have been used.
Stay safe in your vehicle: Drive-in booths can be an alternative to indoor booths for laboratory sensory testing

Abstract Sensory professionals are limited in conducting sensory evaluation at indoor facilities during the current COVID-19 pandemic period. However, they are eager to find alternative methods for safely continuing sensory evaluation because it is a critical operation component both in food and non-food industries. As an alternative to indoor sensory booths, this study proposes drive-in booths where panelists evaluate test samples in their own vehicles. This study aimed at determining whether a drive-in booth (DIB) environment could be an effective alternative for a laboratory sensory booth (LSB) environment by comparing the two conditions with respect to sensory and emotional responses, participant engagement in sensory evaluation, and participant feelings of safety from the risk of COVID-19 virus during sensory evaluation. A total of 106 consumers evaluated four beverage samples in terms of sensory, hedonic, and emotional aspects both in traditional sensory booths and in their own vehicles. They rated the levels of engagement in sensory evaluation and feeling of safety during sensory evaluation in both test conditions. Overall, the two test conditions did not differ in terms of sensory, hedonic, and emotional responses to the beverage samples. Differentiation patterns based on sensory and/or emotional responses to the four beverage samples were also similar between the two conditions. While participants in the LSB condition showed more involvement and attention toward sample evaluation using their senses, they rated the DIB condition as being more consistent with real-world experience. They also felt safer during sensory evaluation in the DIB condition than in the LSB condition, leading them to be more engaged in the sensory evaluation. This study concluded that the drive-in booth condition can be a valid substitute when the laboratory sensory booth condition is unavailable because of risks from test environmental factors such as those that may be encountered during pandemic or epidemic periods.
Breast Cancer Disparities Through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The emergency medicine and critical care needs of the COVID-19 pandemic forced a sudden and dramatic disruption of cancer screening and treatment programs in the USA during the winter and spring of 2020. This review commentary addresses the impact of the pandemic on racial/ethnic minorities such as African Americans and Hispanic-Latina Americans, with a focus on factors related to breast cancer. African Americans and Hispanic-Latina Americans experienced disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality from COVID-19; many of the same socioeconomic and tumor biology/genetic factors that explain breast cancer disparities are likely to account for COVID-19 outcome disparities. The breast cancer clinical and research community should partner with public health experts to ensure participation of diverse patients in COVID-19 treatment trials and vaccine programs and to overcome COVID-19-related breast health management delays that are likely to have been magnified among African Americans and Hispanic-Latina Americans.
Return to Work within Four Months of Grade 3 Diffuse Axonal Injury

Neuroprognostication following diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has historically relied on neuroimaging techniques with lower spatial resolution and contrast than techniques currently available in clinical practice. Since the initial studies of DAI classification and prognosis in the 1980s and 1990s, advances in neuroimaging have improved detection of brainstem microbleeds, a hallmark feature of Grade 3 DAI that has traditionally been associated with poor neurologic outcome. Here, we report clinical and radiologic data from two patients with severe traumatic brain injury and grade 3 DAI who recovered functional independence and returned to work within 4 months of injury. Importantly, both patients were scanned using 3 Tesla MRI protocols that included susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), a technique that provides enhanced sensitivity for detecting brainstem microbleeds. These observations highlight the importance of developing approaches to DAI classification and prognosis that better align with contemporary neuroimaging capabilities.
The Irregular Issuance of Warehouse Receipts and Article Seven of the Uniform Commercial Code

RREGULARITIES in the issuance of warehouse receipts provide counsel with the opportunity of arguing that the receipt is of no effect or that an adverse claimant has no right to property allegedly stored with a warehouseman. Such irregularities occur when there is noncompliance with one of the several statutes which, in a particular jurisdiction, may regulate the operations of warehousemen or the issuance of warehouse receipts. There may be, first of all, failure to comply with the formal requirements for warehouse receipts of Article Seven of the Uniform Commercial Code (Code) or its predecessor, the Uniform Warehouse Receipts Act (UWRA).1 Any deviation from these requirements may encourage arguments in opposition to rights derived from the document, such arguments being limited only by the extent of counsel's ingenuity. For example, both the Code2 and the UWRA3 require that a warehouse receipt contain a statement of the rate of storage and handling charges to be claimed by the bailee. Where this statement has been omitted, it has been argued that title based on the warehouse receipt is invalid,4 that the warehouseman does not enjoy the statutory right of interpleader,5 and that the warehouseman is not entitled to any compensation for his storage services.6 Co-existing with the Code and UWRA in some states are statutes regulating the issuance of warehouse receipts for certain types of commodities, usually farm produce.7 These statutes generally were
The Effect of Temperature on the Electrical and Optical Properties of p-type GaN

xiii Chapter 1: Introduction to Material System 14 1.1 Motivation 14 1.2 Gallium nitride 15 1.3 Band bending in GaN 16 1.4 Surface photovoltage 17 1.5 Kelvin probe 18 1.6 Temperature-dependent surface photovoltage 18 1.7 Photoluminescence from defects in GaN 19 Chapter 2: Literature Review 20 2.1 High temperature studies of band bending using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy .. 20 2.2 Measuring the work function of p-type GaN at low temperature 21 2.3 Low-temperature photoluminescence studies of p-type GaN 24 2.4 Main results from the literature and unsolved problems 24 Chapter 3: Experimental Details 26 3.1 Kelvin probe setup 26
TU-F-CAMPUS-J-02: Evaluation of Textural Feature Extraction for Radiotherapy Response Assessment of Early Stage Breast Cancer Patients Using Diffusion Weighted MRI and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using classic textural feature extraction in radiotherapy response assessment, we studied a unique cohort of early stage breast cancer patients with paired pre - and post-radiation Diffusion Weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). Methods: 15 female patients from our prospective phase I trial evaluating preoperative radiotherapy were included in this retrospective study. Each patient received a single-fraction radiation treatment, and DWI and DCE scans were conducted before and after the radiotherapy. DWI scans were acquired using a spin-echo EPI sequence with diffusion weighting factors of b = 0 and b = 500 mm2 /s, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated. DCE-MRI scans were acquired using a T1-weighted 3D SPGR sequence with a temporal resolution of about 1 minute. The contrast agent (CA) was intravenously injected with a 0.1 mmol/kg bodyweight dose at 2 ml/s. Two parameters, volume transfer constant (Ktrans ) and kep were analyzed using the two-compartment Tofts kinetic model. For DCE parametric maps and ADC maps, 33 textural features were generated from the clinical target volume (CTV) in a 3D fashion using the classic gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCOM) and gray level run length matrix (GLRLM). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine the significance of each texture feature’s change after the radiotherapy. The significance was set to 0.05 with Bonferroni correction. Results: For ADC maps calculated from DWI-MRI, 24 out of 33 CTV features changed significantly after the radiotherapy. For DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters, all 33 CTV features of Ktrans and 33 features of kep changed significantly. Conclusion: Initial results indicate that those significantly changed classic texture features are sensitive to radiation-induced changes and can be used for assessment of radiotherapy response in breast cancer.
How it’s Made: Organisational Effects of Hormones on the Developing Brain

Gonadal steroid hormones exert permanent organisational effects on the developing brain and thereby direct adult hormonal responsiveness to dictate sex-specific behaviour and physiology. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the cellular mechanism of action of androgens and oestrogens during the perinatal sensitive period during which organisation occurs. This review highlights the findings obtained with respect to differential cell death and synaptogenesis with an emphasis on region-specific mechanisms that involve diverse signalling molecules including tumour necrosis factor-α, BAX, GABA, glutamate, prostaglandin E2, FAK and paxillin.
Robust Estimation of GARMA Model Parameters with an Application toCointegration among Interest Rates of Industrialized Countries

We review the literature on long memory ARFIMA and GARMA models and introduce a new efficient estimator for GARMA models, which we show to be robust. Next we conduct a Monte Carlo study to demonstate the power of the Dickie–Fuller test when the data are generated from a stationary GARMA process. We conclude with a brief discussion of cointegration in the context of GARMA models with an application to international interest rates.
Quantitative Correlation Between Testicular Stem Cell Survival, Sperm Production, and Fertility in the Mouse After Treatment With Different Cytotoxic Agents

Treatment of mice with high doses of radiation or certain cytotoxic drugs results in killing of spermatogonial stem cells, a prolonged period of reduced sperm production, and infertility. In this study, quantitative relationships between these parameters are shown to exist after radiation, Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Wilmington, Delaware) or thiotepa treatment. The same relationships are valid for the different cytotoxic agents tested. The survival of spermatogonial stem cells was assessed by counts of repopulating tubule cross sections at five or eight weeks after treatment. Testicular sperm head counts, eight weeks after treatment, were also used as an assay of stem cell survival. These two assays are highly correlated, demonstrating that the sperm head count at eight weeks is directly related to stem cell survival. Sperm production declines after cytotoxictreatment and partially recovers to a plateau level. The level of this recovery is correlated with stem cell survival. The restoration of fertility is related to the recovery of sperm production. Under the conditions employed, fertility returns when sperm production by the testis reaches about 10% of control levels. The duration of the sterile period is also highly correlated with stem cell survival. These results strongly suggest that short-term assays that measure survival of stem cells can be used to predict the duration and extent of sterility, regardless of the cytotoxic agent used.
Harrison's Nephrology and Acid-Base Disorders. Jameson, J. Larry and Loscalzo, Joseph, eds

Nephrology is the study of anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney. The kidney is the main organ of the renal system, which is important in the maintenance of proper chemical balance in th...
Controlling incidental catch

Abstract The authors identify a management approach to the problem of incidental catch and utilize that approach to evaluate six management options which are being considered to control incidental catch in the US fishery conservation zone of the Bering Sea. The evaluation is in terms of the ability of management to minimize the impact and control costs of incidental catch. The authors conclude that the use of economic disincentives tends to be preferable due to the inefficiencies and extensive information requirements of the alternative options.
Representations of Psychological Sense of Community in Children’s Literature about Chinese-Born Adopted Girls

This study examines the literary representation of adopted Chinese girls’ psychological sense of community in Chinese-American communities. Psychological sense of community is defined as the perception that an individual is part of an inclusive social network (Hill, 1996). This sense is multi-dimensional; three specific dimensions are living in a bicultural community, participating in cultural festivals, and replicating birth-country food practices (e.g., Frost, 2008; Mannarini & Fedi, 2009). The researchers identified 37 children’s books that featured portrayals of Chinese girls adopted by U.S. families. A content analysis was conducted to determine the extent that the three dimensions were evident in the books. The analysis was based on concepts drawn from the community psychology literature. All three senses of community dimensions are described, and a fourth dimension (compensatory information/symbol) is identified. This last dimension was consistent with literature about immigrant and adoptive popula...
Relationship between major depression and insulin resistance: does it vary by gender or race/ethnicity among young adults aged 20-39 years?

Background To examine the relationship between major depression and insulin resistance by gender and race/ethnicity among young adults without diabetes mellitus. Methods Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008 were performed (n = 2265). Major depression was measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for risk factors of insulin resistance were conducted. Results There was a significant negative association between major depression and insulin resistance among men. For women, no significant association was found. There was no significant interaction between race/ethnicity and major depression on insulin resistance (Wald χ(2) = 4.2927, P = 0.2315). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly associated with insulin resistance among both men (odds ratio [OR] 1.255, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.195-1.318 for BMI; OR 1.095, 95% CI 1.076-1.115 for WC) and women (OR 1.220, 95% CI 1.182-1.260 for BMI; OR 1.084, 95% CI 1.064-1.105 for WC). Conclusions There are gender differences in the relationship between major depression and insulin resistance among adults aged 20-39 years. No evidence was found to support the role of race/ethnicity in this relationship. Health care professionals should be aware of risk factors for insulin resistance and develop interventions to help prevent the progression of insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The potential risks of probiotics among HIV-infected persons: Bacteraemia due to Lactobacillus acidophilus and review of the literature:

Lactobacillus sp. are commensal organisms that are increasingly reported to cause invasive infections among immunosuppressed persons. However, few data exist regarding the occurrence and risk factors of these infections among HIV-infected persons. Further, the safety of products that contain lactobacilli (e.g. probiotics) in certain populations, including those with HIV/AIDS, is unclear. We report a case of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteraemia in a patient with AIDS temporally related to excessive consumption of probiotic-enriched yogurt, and provide a comprehensive review of the literature of Lactobacillus sp. infections among HIV-infected persons.
Scalp necrosis with giant cell arteritis.

Abstract Objective Giant cell arteritis (GCA) often presents with devastating visual loss in the elderly, yet early diagnosis and treatment can prevent visual loss. The authors report two cases of GCA in which scalp necrosis, a rare finding not reported previously in the ophthalmic literature, played an important role in diagnosis. Design Observational case reports and literature review. Participants Two patients with GCA had scalp necrosis. Intervention Intravenous steroid administration was performed. Main outcome measure Vision and healing of scalp necrosis were measured. Results One patient had scalp necrosis that was diagnosed incorrectly preceding visual loss. Another patient had visual loss in one eye diagnosed as nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. He had scalp necrosis develop 2 weeks later, leading to the correct diagnosis of GCA. There are 21 previously reported cases of scalp necrosis with GCA, none in the ophthalmic literature, most of which were undiagnosed until the onset of visual loss. In addition, a higher rate of visual loss is seen in GCA with scalp necrosis. Conclusions Scalp necrosis is a valuable sign that frequently is misdiagnosed until visual loss occurs. In addition, it may indicate a more severe vasculitis. This finding should be added to the list of signs evaluated in patients for whom GCA is in the differential diagnosis.
Rhythmic nature of thigmomorphogenesis and thermal stress of Phaseolus vulgaris L. shoots

Summary Effects of mechanical stress (or stimulus) on the length of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. Kentucky Wonder pole bean) shoots displayed a 24 h rhythm, relative to the time of day that plants were subjected to stress. Shoots were shorter when subjected to mechanical stress near the end of the dark span and the beginning of the light span. Mechanical stress also affected the ultradian shoot movement rhythm (circumnutation) of P. vulgaris . Generally, horizontal shoot movements (monitored at 10 min intervals) displayed a mean period of about 1.4 h. After a brief exposure to mechanical stress (e.g., 10 rubs), the mean period increased to about 2.0 h. Effects of thermal stress were similar to those of mechanical stress. When plants were exposed briefly (5 min) to either high (45 °C) or low (0 °C) temperatures, the period increased to about 2.1 h. Regardless of whether plants were subjected to mechanical or cold stress, ultradian periodicity was restored to its original period length after one cycle.
Style and timing of glacial and paraglacial sedimentation in a monsoon-influenced high Himalayan environment, the upper Bhagirathi Valley, Garhwal Himalaya

Abstract The Gangotri Glacier, at the source of the Ganges River, has fluctuated greatly throughout the late Quaternary in response to climatic oscillations. This has resulted in impressive moraines, paraglacial debris flow fans and terraces along the upper stretches of the Bhagirathi Valley. Cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) dating of glacial and paraglacial landforms shows that fans, terraces and associated moraines formed approximately synchronously as the landscape readjusted to changing environmental conditions. This synchronicity suggests that fan and terrace formation is intimately related to glaciation, and that fluctuations in glacial and associated environments during times of climatic instability cause rapid sediment transfer and resedimentation of glacial landforms. The CRN dates show that all existing glacial and paraglacial landforms in the upper Bhagirathi Valley formed during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. This demonstrates that, in this high mountain environment, paraglacial and glacial landforms are eroded and resedimented within about 20,000 years. Furthermore, this testifies to the dynamic nature of glacial environments in monsoon-influenced high mountain regions.
Teaching Word Processing without Sophisticated Equipment

(1981). Teaching Word Processing without Sophisticated Equipment. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 158-160.
Laser action spectrum of reduced excitability in nerve cells

The change in excitability of unstained nerve cells from neonatal rat cerebellum was measured as a function of the energy flux and wavelength of incident laser light. The energy flux was in the range of 0 to 100 microJ/sq. microns. 6 wavelengths between 490 and 685 nm were used. Laser pulses above a threshold energy flux significantly reduced the cells' excitability as measured by extracellular stimulation. The sensitivity of the cells, defined as the inverse of the threshold energy density, increased by an order of magnitude toward the shorter wavelengths. These results are consistent with primary absorption of the light by mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in local heating followed by mitochondrial calcium release into the cytoplasm.
Classroom Thoughtfulness and Students' Higher Order Thinking: Common Indicators and Diverse Social Studies Courses

Abstract This article presents the problem of arriving at common indicators of instructional quality and student achievement in social studies, given great diversity between classes and schools in what is taught. A study of more than 70 classes in 11 high schools showed that generic qualities of classroom thoughtfulness were not associated with the persuasiveness of student writing on a constitutional issue. However, since the impact of classroom thoughtfulness on higher order thinking in the subjects that teachers actually taught was not assessed, the results do not justify dismissing the significance of generic qualities of classroom thoughtfulness for promoting students' thinking.
Fiscal Illusion, Intergovernmental Grants and Local Spending

ISLAM M. N. (1998) Fiscal illusion, intergovernmental grants and local spending, Reg. Studies 32 , 63-71. This paper provides some evidence of fiscal illusion of a reduced tax-price of public service, engendered by provincial grants to local governments. A model of fiscal response to grants, based on expected vote maximization approach, is tested on time series data as well as pooled time series and cross-section data for 39 upper-tier municipalities in Ontario over the period 1977-91. A generalized two-stage least square procedure is used to estimate the model, adjusting for autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity in errors and simultaneity between grants and expenditures. The results show that the fiscally-induced price effects of grants varies quite widely from one municipality to another and these variations can be attributed to differences in municipal characteristics and their institutional relations with the province. Additionally, the results show evidence of considerable tax exporting (and importing)...
The influence of fiber thickness, wall thickness and gap distance on the spiral nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract We have developed a 3D nanofibrous spiral scaffold for bone tissue engineering which has shown enhanced cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation compared to traditional cylindrical scaffolds due to the spiral structures and the nanofiber incorporation. Some important parameters of these spiral scaffolds including gap distance, wall thickness and especially fiber thickness are crucial to the performance of the spiral structured scaffolds. In this study, we investigated the fiber thickness, gap distance and wall thickness of the spiral structure on the behavior of osteoblast cells. The human osteoblast cells are seeded on spiral structured scaffolds with various fiber thickness, gap distance and wall thickness and cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation and mineralized matrix deposition on the scaffolds are evaluated. It was found that increasing the thickness of nanofiber layer not only limited the cell infiltration into the scaffolds, but also restrained the osteoblastic cell phenotype development. Moreover, the geometric effect studies indicated that scaffolds with the thinner wall and gap distance 0.2 mm show the best bioactivity for osteoblasts.
MO‐D‐204B‐03: Correlation of PET Images of Metabolism, Proliferation and Hypoxia to Characterize Tumor Phenotype in Patients with HNSCC

Purpose: As positron emission tomography gains increasing prominence in tumor staging, radiotherapy target definition, and treatment assessment, better descriptions of tumorphysiology are desired. In order to establish interrelation between tumor phenotypes, we have correlated PETimages of metabolism, proliferation, and hypoxia in patients with head and neck squamous cellcarcinoma (HNSCC). Method and Materials: PET/CT images of patients with HNSCC were acquired using [18F]FDG (a surrogate of metabolism), [18F]FLT (proliferation), and [61Cu]CuATSM (hypoxia). Patients were immobilized with thermoplastic head masks. Images were coregistered via bony anatomy and normalized to SUV. For each patient, ROIs were drawn on PETimages over primary tumors(n=8) and nodal volumes (n=7). Correlation coefficients between FDG, FLT, and CuATSM distributions were calculated 1) at the voxel level, by comparing image values and 2) at the ROI level, by comparing mean SUV. Results: When comparing primary tumors at the voxel level, highest correlation coefficients were observed between FLT and FDG uptake. FDG:FLT on average had R=0.77 [range 0.52–0.89] compared to R=0.54 for FDG:CuATSM [range 0.09–0.79] and R=0.49 for FLT:CuATSM [range −0.02–0.76]. Nodal volumes showed similar trends. When comparing tumors at the ROI level, correlations were low (R<0.35) for all primary volumes and all nodal volumes except for FDG:CuATSM (R=0.72). Conclusion: FDG:FLT had the highest degree of correlation at the voxel level, while FLT:CuATSM and FDG:CuATSM exhibited high variability between patients. Voxel‐based regression of imaging surrogates may represent a superior technique to ROI‐based regression, which lacks spatial information, and is a valuable first step in the implementation of spatial correlation for tumor staging, radiotherapy target definition, or treatment assessment. Conflict of Interest: Research sponsored in part by Genentech.
A New Global Climatic Model.

Abstract A global climatic model, allowing for seasonal coupling and interaction between continents and oceans, is developed, utilizing an idealized land-water distribution similar to that observed. The basic equation used is the thermodynamic energy equation averaged over time and space. It is written and solved for the mean surface temperature separately for continents and oceans. A time step of one month is used. The vertical variations of temperature, specific humidity, and the zonal and meridional components of the wind velocity are parameterized. The surface velocity components are obtained from modified forms of the first two equations of motion. The model includes variable snow and ice cover, meridional transport of heat and water vapor by mean and eddy atmospheric circulations, storage and transport of heat by the oceans, the effect of aerosols on atmospheric turbidity, and the contribution of H2O, CO2, O3, and clouds to the infrared balance. Cloud cover, the surface relative humidity, and the su...