cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strengths and weaknesses of museum and national survey data sets for predicting regional species richness : comparative and combined approaches

We compiled three independent data sets of bird species occurrences in northeastern Colorado to test how predicted species richness compared to a combined analysis using all the data. The first data set was a georeferenced regional museum data set from two major repositories - the Denver Museum of Nature, and the Science and University of Colorado Museum. The two national survey data sets were the Breeding Bird Survey (summer), and the Great Backyard Bird Count (winter). Resulting analyses show that the museum data sets give richness estimates closest to the combined data set while exhibiting a skewed abundance distribution, whereas survey data sets do not accurately estimate overall richness even though they contain far more records. The combined data set allows the strengths of one data set to augment weaknesses in others. It is likely some museum data sets display skewed abundance distributions due to collectors' potentially self-selecting under-represented species over common ones.
Computing vector differences using a gain field‐like mechanism in monkey frontal eye field

Signals related to eye position are essential for visual perception and eye movements, and are powerful modulators of sensory responses in many regions of the visual and oculomotor systems. We show that visual and pre-saccadic responses of frontal eye field (FEF) neurons are modulated by initial eye position in a way suggestive of a multiplicative mechanism (gain field). Furthermore the slope of the eye position sensitivity tends to be negatively correlated with preferred retinal position across the population. A model with Gaussian visual receptive fields and linear-rectified eye position gain fields accounts for a large portion of the variance in the recorded data. Using physiologically derived parameters, this model is able to subtract the gaze shift from the vector representing the retinal location of the target. This computation might be used to maintain a memory of target location in space during ongoing eye movements. This updated spatial memory can be read directly from the locus of the peak of activity across the retinotopic map of FEF and it is the result of a vector subtraction between retinal target location when flashed and subsequent eye displacement in the dark.
Lithium Pinacolone Enolate Solvated by Hexamethylphosphoramide

We report the crystal structure of a substoichiometric, HMPA-trisolvated lithium pinacolone enolate tetramer (LiOPin)4·HMPA3 abbreviated as T3. In this tetramer one HMPA binds to lithium more strongly than the other two causing a reduction in spatial symmetry with corresponding loss of C3 symmetry. A variety of NMR experiments, including HMPA titration, diffusion coefficient-formula weight (D-FW) analysis, and other multinuclear one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques reveal that T3 is the major species in hydrocarbon solution when more than 0.6 equiv of HMPA is present. Due to a small amount of moisture from HMPA or air leaking into the solution, a minor complex was identified and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis as a mixed aggregate containing enolate, lithium hydroxide, and HMPA in a 4:2:4 ratio, [(LiOPin)4·(LiOH)2·HMPA4], that we refer to as pseudo-T4. A tetra-HMPA-solvated lithium cyclopentanone enolate tetramer was also prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, leading to the conclusion that steric effects dominate the formation and solvation of the pinacolone aggregates. An unusual mixed aggregate consisting of pinacolone enolate, lithium diisopropyl amide, lithium oxide, and HMPA in the ratio 5:1:1:2 is also described.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy for Right Hemidiaphragm Rupture With Laparotomy Repair: A Case Report

Post-traumatic hemidiaphragm rupture is a rare occurrence with a high mortality rate. The gold standard for diagnosis is exploratory laparotomy, which itself carries a high mortality rate in the emergent setting, as is commonly the case following blunt or penetrating abdominopelvic trauma. In this case, a 31-year-old patient with no significant medical history, who presented following an automobile accident with shoulder and gluteal pain with negative radiologic findings, was discussed. The goal of this case was to increase awareness of a possible alternative to the exploratory laparotomy for hemidiaphragm rupture in the emergent setting associated with lower mortality due to the operation. In this case, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, and right hemidiaphragm was diagnosed. Repair was made via laparotomy with incorporation of the laparoscopic port incisions into the laparotomy incision. Repair was made using 2-0 interrupted non-absorbable sutures with both the anterior and posterior flaps of the hemidiaphragm supported with large pledgets. The patient tolerated the operation well, and has since recovered completely. This case demonstrates the possibility of utilizing minimally invasive techniques for the diagnosis of isolated diaphragm injury. Additionally, this case highlights the inadequacies of modern imaging technologies for the diagnosis of diaphragm injury, and supports the need of improvement in this technology or an alternative modality with increased sensitivity to rule out diaphragmatic injury. J Curr Surg. 2016;6(1):33-36 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jcs298w
Blocking the Transmission of a Noncirculative Vector-Borne Plant Pathogenic Bacterium

The successful control of insect-borne plant pathogens is often difficult to achieve due to the ecologically complex interactions among pathogens, vectors, and host plants. Disease management often relies on pesticides and other approaches that have limited long-term sustainability. To add a new tool to control vector-borne diseases, we attempted to block the transmission of a bacterial insect-transmitted pathogen, the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, by disrupting bacteria-insect vector interactions. X. fastidiosa is known to attach to and colonize the cuticular surface of the mouthparts of vectors; a set of recombinant peptides was generated and the chemical affinities of these peptides to chitin and related carbohydrates was assayed in vitro. Two candidates, the X. fastidiosa hypothetical protein PD1764 and an N-terminal region of the hemagglutinin-like protein B (HxfB) showed affinity for these substrates. These proteins were provided to vectors via an artificial diet system in which insects acquire X. fastidiosa, followed by an inoculation access period on plants under greenhouse conditions. Both PD1764 and HxfAD1-3 significantly blocked transmission. Furthermore, bacterial populations within insects over a 10-day period demonstrated that these peptides inhibited cell adhesion to vectors but not bacterial multiplication, indicating that the mode of action of these peptides is restricted to limiting cell adhesion to insects, likely via competition for adhesion sites. These results open a new venue in the search for sustainable disease-control strategies that are pathogen specific and may have limited nontarget effects.
Drug Therapy in the Elderly: Is It All It Could Be?

Abstract There is still too much inadequacy in identifying clinical and therapeutic problems of the chronically ill elderly.
Scalable Clustering of Time Series with U-Shapelets.

A recently introduced primitive for time series data mining, unsupervised shapelets (u-shapelets), has demonstrated significant potential for time series clustering. In contrast to approaches that consider the entire time series to compute pairwise similarities, the u-shapelets technique allows considering only relevant subsequences of time series. Moreover, u-shapelets allow us to bypass the apparent chicken-and-egg paradox of defining relevant with reference to the clustering itself. U-shapelets have several advantages over rival methods. First, they are defined even when the time series are of different lengths; for example, they allow clustering datasets containing a mixture of single heartbeats and multi-beat ECG recordings. Second, u-shapelets mitigate sensitivity to irrelevant data such as noise, spikes, dropouts, etc. Finally, u-shapelets demonstrated ability to provide additional insights into the data. Unfortunately, the state-ofthe-art algorithms for u-shapelets search are intractable and so their advantages have only been demonstrated on tiny datasets. We propose a simple approach to speed up a ushapelet discovery by two orders of magnitude, without any significant loss in clustering quality.
Fatal Pain Relief

This case discusses a synergistic pharmacodynamic interaction between morphine and bupivacaine, resulting in death. This drug pair eliminated both central and peripheral respiratory drive.
Telegraphing Literature in Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Sign of Four

It may be well doubted whether upon the whole the telegraph has not added more to the annoyance than to the comforts of life, and whether the gentlemen who spent all the public money without authority ought not to have been punished with special severity in that they had injured humanity, rather than pardoned because of the good they had produced. Who is benefited by telegrams? The newspapers are robbed of their old interest, and the very soul of intrigue is destroyed.1
What Happens in Vegas Doesn’t Always Stay in Vegas: Negotiating the Curriculum Leads to Agency and Change

AbstractThrough a self-study methodology, six doctoral students and a professor examine how our semester long doctoral level class became a transformative space for all participants. We investigate how each individual was able to participate in the construction of a powerful and meaningful learning community, which led to a re-visioning of ourselves as women and teacher educators. Feminist pedagogy and positioning theory provide a guiding framework for both the class and our own reflective research. Our findings include, but are not limited to, showing how negotiating the curriculum led to a doctoral class becoming a safe space and how this negotiation led to transferring democratic practices to our teaching and the tensions associated with that. This work contributes to the field of teacher education as it focuses on the importance of fostering classroom and school cultures where knowledge production is facilitated through democratized practices. Our study highlights the value of creating a learning comm...
A pharmacokinetic evaluation and metabolite identification of the GHB receptor antagonist NCS-382 in mouse informs novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of GHB intoxication.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an endogenous inhibitory neurotransmitter and precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). NCS-382 (6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-5H-benzo-cyclohept-6-ylideneacetic acid), a known GHB receptor antagonist, has shown significant efficacy in a murine model of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), a heritable neurological disorder featuring chronic elevation of GHB that blocks the final step of GABA degradation. NCS-382 exposures and elimination pathways remain unknown; therefore, the goal of the present work was to obtain in vivo pharmacokinetic data in a murine model and to identify the NCS-382 metabolites formed by mouse and human. NCS-382 single-dose mouse pharmacokinetics were established following an intraperitoneal injection (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg body weight) and metabolite identification was conducted using HPLC-MS/MS. Kinetic enzyme assays employed mouse and human liver microsomes. Upon gaining an understanding of the NCS-382 clearance mechanisms, a chemical inhibitor was used to increase NCS-382 brain exposure in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study. Two major metabolic pathways of NCS-382 were identified as dehydrogenation and glucuronidation. The Km for the dehydrogenation pathway was determined in mouse (Km = 29.5 ± 10.0 μmol/L) and human (Km = 12.7 ± 4.8 μmol/L) liver microsomes. Comparable parameters for glucuronidation were >100 μmol/L in both species. Inhibition of NCS-382 glucuronidation, in vivo, by diclofenac resulted in increased NCS-382 brain concentrations and protective effects in gamma-butyrolactone-treated mice. These initial evaluations of NCS-382 pharmacokinetics and metabolism inform the development of NCS-382 as a potential therapy for conditions of GHB elevation (including acute intoxication & SSADHD).
Reduction in the thermodynamic nucleation barrier via the heteroepitaxial recrystallization mechanism

Abstract A new recrystallization mechanism characterized by the formation of a coherent γ shell around a primary γ′ particle has been reported in superalloys [Charpagne et al. J. Alloy Compd. 688 (Part B) (2016) 685–694]. In the present work, the thermodynamics of nucleation by this mechanism are investigated, considering the stored deformation energy, interfacial energy, and elastic misfit. It is demonstrated that under realistic conditions, growth of any nucleus formed on a primary γ′ particle is thermodynamically favorable regardless of size.
Nonnegative Infinite Matrices that Preserve (, )-Convexity of Sequences

This paper deals with matrix transformations that preserve the -convexity of sequences. The main result gives the necessary and sufficient conditions for a nonnegative infinite matrix to preserve the -convexity of sequences. Further, we give examples of such matrices for different values of and .
White Innocence and Black Subservience: The Rhetoric of White Heroism in The Help

Films play a critical role in shaping public perceptions of historical and contemporary racial relations. Unfortunately, Hollywood often relies on narratives that romanticize racism, recuperate ste...
Chrononormativity and the community of character: a queer temporal critique of Hauerwasian virtue ethics

This essay critically examines Stanley Hauerwas’ ecclesial-based virtue ethics, arguing that his account of formation risks foreclosing differences that exist within Christian community. Placing Ha...
The Work of Wiener and Masani on Prediction Theory and Harmonic Analysis

The work of Norbert Wiener and Pesi Masani started at Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata during the visit of Wiener in 1955–56. Wiener [18] had done substantial work on the prediction problem for univariate (weakly) stationary (henceforth, stationary) processes and had partial results for multivariate stationary processes. A.N. Kolmogorov [7] had studied the univariate case in detail, with emphasis on a fundamental theorem of H. Wold. In addition, V. Zasuhin [20] had announced partial results. Because of the connection between prediction theory (of interest to Wiener) and factorization of matrix-valued functions (of interest to Wiener [18] p.150 and Masani [12]), their collaboration produced results and techniques which had a lasting influence on prediction theory, analysis and operator theory (Nagy and Foias, see [13]).
Operational Damage Detection of Turbine Rotors using Integrated Blade Sensors

Predictive maintenance of wind turbines could provide an estimated 81% reduction in cost when compared to reactive maintenance, the current industry standard. The ability to identify damage using wind turbine operating data is necessary for a predictive maintenance approach. To identify such damage, strain measurements were performed on a Whisper 100 blade using a Trilion DIC System with flap-wise applied loading masses to establish a static strain field. This measurement revealed that the root section exhibited the largest strains as anticipated. A crack was then machined in the blade surface to simulate structural damage. Modal analysis techniques were used to detect a downward shift in natural frequency of the rotor assembly due to the damage; however, this small frequency shift would not be useful for damage detection using operating data. To amplify the sensitivity to localized damage that was simulated in the root of the blade, the Modal Assurance Criterion was calculated and revealed several modes that were most sensitive to the damage. Operational data was synchronously averaged and a Discrete Fourier Transform was applied to identify the forced response spectrum. It was shown that for a given wind speed, changes existed in the linear spectra between the healthy rotor and damaged rotor sets.
Brain tumor related-epilepsy.

Abstract Introduction Gliomas are commonly associated with the development of epilepsy; in some cases the two conditions share common pathogenic mechanisms and may influence each other. Brain tumor related-epilepsy (BTRE) complicates the clinical management of gliomas and can substantially affect daily life. State of the art The incidence of seizures is high in patients with slow growing tumors located in the frontotemporal regions. However, recent studies suggest that epileptogenesis may be more associated with tumor molecular genetic markers than tumor grade or location. Although the exact mechanism of epileptogenesis in glioma is incompletely understood, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and disruption of intracellular communication have garnered the most attention. Clinical management Management of BTRE requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), surgery aided by electrocorticography, and adjuvant chemoradiation. Future directions Insight into the mechanisms of glioma growth and epileptogenesis is essential to identify new treatment targets and to develop effective treatment for both conditions. Selecting AEDs tailored to act against known tumor molecular markers involved in the epileptogenesis could enhance treatment value and help inform individualized medicine in BRTE.
Ultrasonic Detection of Plastic Yielding in Steel Specimens

In the case of localization the loss of ellipticity is synonymous with the formation of weak discontinuities, or jumps of the velocity gradients (strain rates). The singularity in the localization tensor indicates discontinuous bifurcation when jump conditions in static problems are examined. By analogy, the singularity in the acoustic tensor indicates loss of hyperbolicity, which is synonymous with zero wave propagation velocities in dynamic problems.
Doubts about Some Standard Arguments for Church’s Thesis

‘Church’s Thesis’ (CT hereinafter) is the statement that a function of natural numbers is effectively computable if and only if that function is recursive. Like any biconditional, CT may be regarded as a conjunction of two conditionals. The arguments treated in this paper have been advanced in support of the so-called ‘problematic conjunct’ of CT, viz. that all effectively computable functions are recursive. When I use CT then, I shall intend the problematic conjunct. So far as I have been able to determine, no one thinks that CT is amenable to anything like a conclusive proof of its truth, though I think that everyone recognizes that it could, at least in principle, be refuted by a suitable counterexample. Even Kreisel, who takes CT to be a statement of intuitionistic mathematics, nowhere considers the possibility that CT might be a theorem, though he speaks of ‘finding axioms inconsistent with’ CT.1 Perhaps we ought to be surprised, or at least puzzled by this fact, since some of the arguments which have been given for CT look like deductive arguments from premises that are supposed to be beyond dispute. Of course, if these arguments really were deductively valid and dependent only upon indisputable premises, the propounders of the arguments would be likely to show more confidence in them than anyone has done.
Effect of Choice of Measure on the Size of a Racial Disparity

In criminological studies of racial disparities the effect of race on outcomes is assessed after statistical controls for other variables. There is no universally accepted measure of size of disparity after controls in the most common type of disparity study: the study of binary outcomes. Some such studies use a measure that lends itself to interpretation in terms of the proportional reduction in error (PRE). Most use a non-PRE measure of association. This study investigates the effect of choice of measure on conclusions about the size of a disparity after controls. For illustrative purposes the study analyzes data on the awarding of sentence reductions to drug traffickers. After controls, blacks are found to be substantially less likely than whites to receive a reduction according to a type of non-PRE measure: an odds ratio derived from a logit model. But using the same data and model, PRE measures obtained from an ROC analysis indicate that, after controls, there is hardly any difference between the races in their likelihood of sentence reduction. Results illustrate the study's thesis: that the choice of measure can powerfully affect conclusions. The findings' implications—for policymakers and for researchers who conduct racial disparity studies—are discussed.
Control of Transplantation Inflammation

Abstract Transplantation represents a unique process in which tissue is taken from one physiologic system, the donor, and put into an entirely new physiologic system, the recipient. This process is therefore affected by inflammation that arises in both systems. Organs, also known as allografts (coming from allogeneic tissue), are subject to the activation of innate inflammation that occurs at brain death and in turn become primed to experience inflammation from the adaptive immune system in the recipient. The process of the surgery itself is an inflammatory insult to the recipient; this insult creates conditions of heightened inflammation and a permissive environment for activation of components of the nociceptive and coagulation-dependent inflammatory response. This is followed by initiation of the complement cascade and infiltration, migration, and activation of innate immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. The early result of these processes is ischemia/reperfusion injury. Concomitantly and cooperative, T-cells and B-cells from the adaptive immune system are primed and activated to initiate acute cellular and humoral injury (i.e., acute cellular rejection and acute humoral rejection). The result of these conditions, if unregulated, is destruction of the allograft. However, even in an environment where therapeutics suppress these responses, they are still significant enough that they universally result in chronic allograft injury. Thus understanding inflammation in this setting is critical to improving both short- and long-term allograft function and survival after transplantation.
Interpreting mobilization dynamics through art: A look at the DREAMers Movement:

Most research on art and social movements focuses on the representational aspect of art, leaving untouched how artwork informs audiences and actors on the mobilization dynamics permeating the field...
Exposure of marine turtle nesting grounds to coastal modifications: Implications for management

Abstract Coastal areas are used by both marine turtles and humans which may result in marine turtle nesting grounds being exposed to human activities like coastal modifications. Several studies have investigated the effects of specific types of coastal modifications on marine turtles and their habitat. However, limited information exists on cumulative exposure of nesting grounds to coastal modifications. This study examines the spatial and temporal exposure of 203 marine turtle nesting grounds in Florida to coastal modifications. For this, we used coastal permits issued from 1985 through 2016 as a proxy for coastal modifications. To test the suitability of the permit database as a proxy for coastal modification, 34 marine turtle nesting beaches in the Florida Panhandle were ground-truthed to determine the presence of coastal modifications and their correlation with issued permits. The modification types analyzed were 1) construction landward of dune, 2) construction in dune, 3) construction on beach, 4) construction in water, 5) beach armoring, 6) other shoreline stabilization, 7) beach sand placement, 8) beach cleaning 9) dune vegetation planting, 10) sand fencing, 11) special events, and 12) stormwater outfall. The most common permit type was construction landward of the dune (65.72%), followed by construction within the dune (16.43%). The cumulative number of permits for the state of Florida increased over time (between 1985 and 2016) from less than one thousand permits issued per year to over four thousand permits issued per year. 93.5% of the nesting beaches examined throughout the state were exposed to cumulative coastal modifications. Of the high-density nesting beaches, twenty-six had high exposure to coastal modifications, whereas fifteen had low exposure to coastal modifications. Our study highlights the need for conservation strategies to consider the cumulative impacts of coastal modifications to marine turtle nesting grounds.
A microdroplet-accelerated Biginelli reaction: mechanisms and separation of isomers using IMS-MS

Electrospray ionization (ESI) combined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques is used to examine the Biginelli reaction in an ensemble of ions generated from droplets. We find evidence for rapid dihydropyrimidinone formation from condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, benzaldehyde, and urea on the very short timescales associated with the electrospray process (∼10 μs to ∼1.0 ms). Control bulk-solution reactions show no product formation even after several days. This implies that the in-droplet reaction rate is enhanced by an astonishing factor. Examination of the reaction conditions and characterization of the intermediates en route to product shows evidence for variations in the reaction mechanism. IMS separation shows that the Knoevenagel condensation intermediate from benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate exists as both the cis- and trans-isomer, in a ∼5 to 1 ratio. We suggest that the dramatic acceleration arises because of increased reagent confinement as electrosprayed droplets shrink. The ability of IMS-MS to resolve intermediates (including isomers) provides a new means of understanding reaction pathways.
Self Interest, Public Interest, And Legislation

We have suggested in several places that political processes follow an economic logic, and that in so doing the outcomes of political processes often conform quite poorly to the values and norms that are commonly presumed to inform public policy discourse. In this and in the next chapter, we explore more fully this cleavage that often separates normative or value statements about public policy from the empirical consequences of the policy measures that are actually enacted.
Bacterial Endotoxin Induces Oxidative Stress and Reduces Milk Protein Expression and Hypoxia in the Mouse Mammary Gland.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the reduced milk production during mastitis. We hypothesized that bacterial endotoxin induces hypoxia, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis while inhibiting milk gene expression in the mammary gland. To test this hypothesis, the left and right sides of the 4th pair of mouse mammary glands were alternatively injected with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS, E. coli 055: B5, 100 μL of 0.2 mg/mL) or sterile PBS through the teat meatus 3 days postpartum. At 10.5 and 22.5 h postinjection, pimonidazole HCl, a hypoxyprobe, was injected intraperitoneally. At 12 or 24 h after the LPS injection, the 4th glands were individually collected (n = 8) and analyzed. LPS treatment induced mammary inflammation at both 12 and 24 h but promoted cell apoptosis only at 12 h. Consistently, H2O2 content was increased at 12 h (P < 0.01), but dropped dramatically at 24 h (P < 0.01) in the LPS-treated gland. Nevertheless, the total antioxidative capacity in tissue tended to be decreased by LPS at both 12 and 24 h (P = 0.07 and 0.06, respectively). In agreement with these findings, LPS increased or tended to increase the mRNA expression of antioxidative genes Nqo1 at 12 h (P = 0.05) and SLC7A11 at 24 h (P = 0.08). In addition, LPS inhibited mammary expression of Csn2 and Lalba across time and protein expression of Csn1s1 at 24 h (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hypoxyprobe staining intensity was greater in the alveoli of the PBS-treated gland than the LPS-treated gland at both 12 and 24 h, demonstrating a rise in oxygen tension by LPS treatment. In summary, our observations indicated that while intramammary LPS challenge incurs inflammation, it induces oxidative stress, increases cell apoptosis and oxygen tension, and differentially inhibits the milk protein expression in the mammary gland.
Descriptive evaluation of frequent patient referrals to our cardio-oncology clinic: The Mayo experience.

e14018Background: Cancer survival rates are improving. Therefore, management of cardiovascular complications has now become a crucial clinical concern. Cardio-oncology is the sub-specialty that ass...
EQUOTERAPIA: UM OLHAR CLÍNICO SOBRE O EQUINO TERAPEUTA

Equoterapia e uma tecnica que complementa outros tipos de tratamentos, como terapia ocupacional. E um metodo terapeutico que utiliza cavalos para auxiliar na reabilitacao de pessoas com algum tipo de deficiencia ou nao, seja fisica, psicologica ou cognitiva. Ela estimula a mente e o corpo por meio dos movimentos do andar do cavalo, movimentos estes, tridimensionais, para cima e para baixo, para um lado e o outro, para frente e para tras onde o cavaleiro/praticante e levado a contrair e relaxar os musculos do organismo, melhorando suas percepcoes, funcoes motoras e, principalmente, o equilibrio. Assim como existem limitacoes com pacientes, nao e qualquer animal que pode ser usado para essa tecnica. A equoterapia tambem e uma atividade ludica. Os praticantes podem participar de atividades cotidianas do animal, como alimentacao, escovacao e banho. O equino deve ser treinado/adestrado para contribuir de forma eficaz com o tratamento, deve estar apto a realizar movimentos como paradas e partidas precisas, passadas curtas ou largas, sendo necessario ainda ter uma diversidade de trotes, impulsao e engajamento maior e menor. Como a maioria dos praticantes sao criancas ou tem limitacoes fisicas, e necessario que o animal tenha uma estatura mediana, para nao dificultar a montaria e garantir maior seguranca contra quedas. A higiene do animal para esta pratica, deve ser impecavel. O objetivo do bolsista e controlar vacinas, vermifugos, limpezas, banhos e alimentacao, prevenir doencas nos animais e proteger os pacientes para que possam praticar a tecnica terapeutica com o maximo de seguranca.
Mitigating nitrogen pollution with under-sown legume–grass cover crop mixtures in winter cereals

Nitrogen (N) pollution from N inputs to agricultural soils contributes to widespread eutrophication and global climate change. One period susceptible to N losses is between winter grain harvest in summer and corn planting in spring in a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-winter grain rotation. Cover crops used to immobilize N during this period often depend on tillage, which can exacerbate N losses. Therefore, we evaluated whether reduced-till cover crops could decrease nitrate (NO3- ) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions during this period. We tested this strategy in a cropping systems experiment on a 4-ha plot in central Pennsylvania over 2 yr. This experiment compared a clover (Trifolium pratense L.)-timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cover crop no-till underseeded into a standing spelt crop with a vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)-triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) cover crop established with tillage after spelt harvest. These systems were compared based on fortnightly N2 O emissions using static chambers (n = 4 per six sample dates) and potential NO3- leaching using anion resin bags (n = 4 per system per year). Reduced-till cover crops minimized peak N2 O emissions during the fall compared with tilled cover crops. However, reduced-till cover crops did not decrease potentially leachable NO3- relative to tilled cover crops despite decreases in soil inorganic N. Cover crop N isotopes revealed that clover N may have mineralized and leached over the winter. Our results suggest that reduced-till cover crops can decrease N2 O emissions to mitigate the climate impact of agriculture but that winter-hardy cover crops should be chosen to mitigate leaching.
A Taxonomy of Defensive Deception

The game theory described in Chaps. 2 and 3 offers versatile possibilities for quantifying cyber deception. Yet specific game-theoretic models must be carefully chosen in order to model different types of deception. In this chapter, therefore, we propose a taxonomy that classifies deception into six categories. We then propose game-theoretic models that fittingly describe each category. Our analysis is based on both theoretical considerations and an empirical study of 25 recent articles in game theory for defensive cyber deception. The taxonomy provides a systematic foundation for understanding the three types of defensive deception that we study in Chaps. 5– 7.
Sirtuins and stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation

Abstract Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent enzymes that respond to cellular and organismal stresses by controlling posttranslational modifications, particularly deacylation. Sirtuins have been associated with aging and life span prolongation, and they play critical roles in stem cell maintenance, renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. This chapter reviews what is known about sirtuins in stem cell biology and suggests ways to exploit sirtuin biology to enhance the use of stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Kirigami electrodes of conducting polymer nanofibers for wearable humidity dosimeters and stretchable supercapacitors

Kirigami, the art of paper cutting, presents a promising approach for maximizing stretchability in planar sheets which is of paramount importance for the next-generation of wearable smart electronics. Current state-of-the-art Kirigami-based devices suffer from thin-film electrodes characterized by a limited surface area and poor electronic performance. Here, we introduce a synthetic strategy that affords layer-by-layer control for depositing nanofibrillar conducting polymer composite coatings possessing a high packing density and high surface area. A Kirigami-based humidity dosimeter developed using our PEDOT nanofibers exhibits superior sensitivity over the commercial product PEDOT:PSS. This wearable dosimeter, when stretched by 200%, exhibits a 40% resistance change within seconds (<2 s) after exposure to a new humidity level. A PPy/PEDOT composite film is produced by sequential deposition of two different conducting polymer nanofibers resulting in a superior electrode for developing stretchable supercapacitors. Our electrochemical capacitors exhibit a synergistic effect that leads to a state-of-the-art energy density (115 μW h cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2) and an extended stretch cycle capacitance stability (85% of original capacitance is retained after 300 stretching cycles of 100%).
Chronic headaches and middle meningeal artery embolization.

Background The middle meningeal artery (MMA) has been implicated in chronic headaches, but no studies have examined the relationship between MMA embolization and headaches. Methods Patients treated with MMA embolization for a chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively assessed. Patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 at discharge received a follow-up telephone call to assess their history of chronic headache, defined as a headache ≥2 years before the cSDH and symptoms ≥2 days/month. A Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) was performed during the follow-up telephone call. The primary outcome was resolution or improvement of headaches after embolization. Results Of 76 patients undergoing MMA embolization for a cSDH during the study period, 56 (74%) had a discharge GCS score of 15. Of these 56 patients, 46 (82%) responded to a follow-up telephone call and were analyzed (mean [SD] age 68 [11] years; 36 [78%] men and 10 [22%] women). Nine (20%) reported chronic headaches before embolization. With a mean (SD) follow-up of 489 (173) days, eight of the nine patients reported improvement of chronic headaches, with seven having complete resolution. For these nine patients, the mean (SD) HIT-6 score was significantly higher before embolization than after embolization (64 [7.1] vs 40 [9.1], p Conclusion In patients with chronic headaches who underwent MMA embolization for a cSDH, the majority reported improvement of headaches after the procedure. Future prospective studies are warranted to assess the usefulness of MMA embolization to treat chronic headaches.
Preference of Conioscinella nuda (Diptera: Chloropidae) Among Four Native Grass Species

Adult flies of Conioscinella nuda (Adams) were collected from four native grass species, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack), and Indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] to determine the insect's preference among these species. The mean number of insects collected varied from 9.7 to 27.0 adults per 15 plants, and the order of preference of C. nuda was big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, and Indiangrass. Differences did occur among plant species for C. nuda preference (P < 0.05) where big and little bluestem were different from sand bluestem and Indiangrass (P < 0.05). The observed differences between the species may be related to spikelet pubescent hairs. The spikelets of big bluestem and little bluestem are mostly glabrous compared to those of sand bluestem and Indiangrass which are covered with conspicuous hairs. Host plant resistance may offer the best approach for controlling C. nuda.
Laser Light Pointers for Use in Companion Cat Play: Association with Guardian-Reported Abnormal Repetitive Behaviors.

Use of laser light pointers for feline play is popular with many companion cat guardians. It can be an enjoyable shared interaction and provide an opportunity for feline exercise. Laser light play alone, however, does not allow cats to complete the hunting sequence and it has been suggested that this may trigger frustration and stress, common contributors to compulsive behaviors. This study examined the potential relationship between the use of laser light pointers for play and excessive or abnormal repetitive behaviors (ARBs) often linked to diagnosis of feline compulsive disorders. Using an online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey, we explored cat guardians’ use of laser toys and reported ARBs in their cats. A total of 618 responses were analyzed, primarily female participants from the United States. We found significant associations between the frequency of laser light play and the occurrence of all surveyed ARBs, apart from overgrooming. Provision of outdoor access and cat age were also significant predictors of reported ARBs: indoor-only cats, and young (1–2 years) cats were more likely to display ARBs. The strongest patterns were seen for behaviors which may be connected to laser light play: chasing lights or shadows, staring “obsessively” at lights or reflections, and fixating on a specific toy. Although correlational, these results suggest that laser light toys may be associated with the development of compulsive behaviors in cats, warranting further research into their use and potential risks.
Pediatric PTSD is characterized by age- and sex-related abnormalities in structural connectivity.

Pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (pPTSD) is a prevalent and pervasive form of mental illness comprising a disparate constellation of psychiatric symptoms. Emerging evidence suggests that pPTSD may be characterized by alterations in functional networks traversing the brain. Yet, little is known about pathological changes in the structural tracts underlying functional connectivity. In adults, PTSD is linked to widespread change in white matter integrity throughout the brain, yet similar studies with youth populations have yet to be conducted. Current understanding of the nature and treatment of pPTSD may be enhanced by examining alterations in white matter, while further untangling effects of age and sex. Here, we assess the microstructure of 12 major white matter tracts in a sample of well-phenotyped youth with PTSD. Measures of fractional anisotropy were derived from diffusion tensor images acquired from 82 unmediated youth (ages 8–18), of whom 39 met criteria for pPTSD. Diagnosis of pPTSD was linked to remarkable age- and sex-linked differences in the microstructure of major white matter tracts including the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. In each case, youth with PTSD show an absence of increased white matter integrity with age, suggesting an altered pattern of neurodevelopment that may contribute to persistence or worsening of illness. Broadly, our results suggest abnormal white matter development in pediatric PTSD, a finding which may contribute to illness persistence, comorbidity with other disorders, and poorer prognosis across time. Critically, these findings further speak to the nature of pPTSD as a ‘whole-brain’ disorder.
Water- and Energy-Efficient Appliances for Circular Water Economy: Conceptual Framework Development and Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Water Consumption

The concept of circular water economy has emerged for the sustainable and resilient use of water and for mitigating attendant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although macroscale circular water econ...
Magnetic and Electric Dipole Moments in Storage Rings

Electric and magnetic dipole moments of fundamental particles had a large influence in shaping the standard model in the past and continue to play a significant role at present by restricting the many possible expansions of the standard model. In this chapter I describe, in particular, the present status and prospects of the dipole moments in storage rings experiments, in the context of other significant electric and magnetic dipole moment efforts.
Do Taxes Affect the Use of Debt in Financing Corporate Acquisitions

We examine the influence of taxes on U.S. corporations' methods of financing taxable stock acquisitions during 1987-1997. Our tests provide the first empirical evidence that acquiring-firms' foreign tax credit positions can significantly reduce their propensity to use debt (versus internal funds) to finance acquisitions. This is true even though the acquirers are high-tax rate firms that would ordinarily have tax incentives to use debt. We also find that acquiring firms are significantly less likely to use debt financing when the target firms they acquire have tax-loss carryovers. These results provide new insights regarding how taxes relate to acquisitions financing.
Effect of Candida albicans infection and clotrimazole treatment on vaginal microflora in vitro

Objective To determine the effect of Candida albicans infection and clotrimazole treatment on vaginal microflora. Methods Studies were conducted using a model simulating the healthy vaginal ecosystem. The model consisted of a mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Prevotella bivia , and group D Streptococcus sp grown in continuous culture in a chemically defined medium. The status of the model was assessed using a mathematical equation that determines the probability a microflora is normal or abnormal. Results Challenge of the model with C albicans was followed within 24 hours by the development of microbial populations representing an abnormal microflora. Treatment of the system with clotrimazole (100 μ g/mL) resulted in a decrease in C albicans counts to 0 within 48 hours. However, treatment also altered other components of the vaginal microflora, which did not return to normal. Addition of clotrimazole (100 μ g/mL) to the system in the absence of C albicans also resulted in an abnormal model by 24 hours. Conclusions Candida albicans infection of the vaginal ecosystem, as represented by this in vitro model, has a deleterious effect on members of the normal microflora. Clotrimazole, although effective against C albicans infection, also has a deleterious effect on components of the normal vaginal microflora. One of the implications for women using clotrimazole for microbiologically undocumented vaginal yeast infections is an increased risk of infection or disease through the disruption of the protective microflora barrier.
In Defense of Non-capital Habeas: A Response to Hoffman and King

For decades, federal habeas corpus review of state court judgments has generated wide-ranging, sometimes heated, debate among judges, policymakers, and scholars. In their 2009 Essay, Rethinking the Federal Role in State Criminal Justice, Professors Joseph L. Hoffmann and Nancy J. King added their voices to the exchange, contending that federal habeas corpus review of noncapital state court convictions and sentences should, with narrow exceptions, be abolished. They contend that the expenditure of money, time, and effort necessary to provide review in such cases is no longer justifiable and that those resources should be redirected to creating a federal initiative for improving trial-level representation in which states could choose to participate.This Article begins with a systematic examination of Hoffmann and King’s arguments for the abolition of noncapital habeas corpus review. It demonstrates that although state postconviction review systems may have evolved since the 1960s, federal habeas corpus continues to play an important role in encouraging meaningful state court review and providing a safety net for deserving prisoners whom the state courts have failed. It next explains that Hoffmann and King’s proposal for near-abolition of noncapital habeas review would be unlikely to yield substantial net reductions in habeas litigation, both because many prisoners (correctly or incorrectly) would invoke the statutory exceptions and because many others would litigate the adequacy of state postconviction review under the Suspension Clause. This Article then challenges the assumption that states would respond to the abolition of noncapital habeas review by voluntarily improving their own systems for delivering adequate trial-level representation absent an affirmative incentive to do so. Finally, it suggests an alternative set of reforms, beginning with reducing the United States’ extraordinarily high incarceration rate and modifying three areas of existing habeas law, to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of habeas corpus review in noncapital cases.
Thyroid function in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Rich.). II. Effects of thyroidectomy on the development of young fish.

Radiothyroidectomy markedly reduced the rate of growth and development in juvenile rainbow trout. Radiothyroidectomized fish when compared to intact controls on identical diets showed the following differences: (a) reduced growth rate; (b) high degree of pigmentation due to an increase in the number of pigment cells per unit surface area; (c) smaller head which appeared associated with reduced calcification and a higher amount of cartilage; (d) smooth skin resulting from a reduction in the size of scales; (e) thinner skin resulting from thinner dermal connective tissue; (f) extensive abdominal fat deposits which were not reflected by increased serum cholesterol concentration; (g) virtual absence of sexual development at two and one-half years of age; (h) a significant decrease in number of red cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin as well as the presence of atypical circulating erythrocytes; (i) neuromuscular anomalies as indicated by seizures which confer a poor degree of coordination. The data suggest that chronic hypothyroidism due to radio-thyroidectomy impairs calcification by limiting bone matrix formation. The metabolic implications related to these changes are discussed.
HLA type of EBV-transformed human B cell lines.

This appendix lists reference Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCL) and the HLA types expressed by these cell lines. These B-LCL are useful for studies of cellular immunity (e.g., restriction of antigen-specific responses), biochemical characterization of histocompatibility molecules, and as controls for DNA-based typing methods.