cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testosterone and cortisol do not predict rejecting harm or maximizing outcomes in sacrificial moral dilemmas: A preregistered analysis.

Abstract Contemporary moral psychology explores the biological underpinnings of morality, including how neuromodulators influence moral judgment and decision making. Some studies suggest that higher circulating testosterone is associated with increased acceptance of sacrificial harm, such as killing one person to save five lives, consistent with utilitarian ethics and inconsistent with deontological ethics. However, most studies employ conventional analytic techniques that conflate concern about outcomes with reduced concern about sacrificial harm, many are statistically underpowered, and none examine potential regulating effects of cortisol. Therefore, we examined whether salivary concentrations of testosterone and cortisol jointly predict sacrificial dilemma judgments among a large sample of undergraduates (n = 199). We utilized an advanced cognitive modeling technique (process dissociation) to independently assess sensitivity to causing harm and maximizing outcomes, preregistering the prediction that higher testosterone would predict reduced harm-rejection rather than increased concern for outcomes, especially among people low in cortisol. However, neither testosterone, nor cortisol, nor their interaction predicted sacrificial dilemma response tendencies. Such findings raise questions about the robustness of past evidence suggesting links between testosterone and sacrificial dilemma judgments.
BUTTRESS DESIGN EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED SLIDES

THE FOURTH AVENUE SLIDE RESULTING FROM THE 1964 ALASKA EARTHQUAKE WAS A RETROGRESSIVE TRANSLATORY SLIDE, CREATING A GRABEN AND HORST CONFIGURATION WITH NEGLIGIBLE FLATTENING OF THE SLOPE OR PASSIVE STABILIZATION OF THE SLIDE TOE. THE 900-FT-WIDE BY 1800-FT-LONG SLIDE AREA ENDANGERED THE HEART OF THE ANCHORAGE BUSINESS AREA. STABILIZATION WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF A GRAVEL BUTTRESS DESIGNED TO RESIST FORCES CAUSED BY SAND OR CLAY LIQUEFACTION, HORIZONTAL OR CIRCULAR SLIDING, OR SLUMPING, OR DYNAMIC FORCES. NEW METHODS OF SLIDE ANALYSIS HAD TO BE DEVISED FOR USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH ACCEPTED METHODS OF NORMAL SLIDE ANALYSIS. RECOMMENDATIONS ON BUILDING RESTRICTIONS ARE PROVIDED. /ASCE/
The British Aesthetic Tradition: From Shaftesbury to Wittgenstein

The British Aesthetic Tradition: From Shaftesbury to Wittgenstein is the first single volume to offer readers a comprehensive and systematic history of aesthetics in Britain from its inception in the early eighteenth century to major developments in Britain and beyond in the late twentieth century. The book consists of an introduction and eight chapters, and is divided into three parts. The first part, The Age of Taste, covers the eighteenth-century approaches of internal sense theorists, imagination theorists and associationists. The second, The Age of Romanticism, takes readers from debates over the picturesque through British Romanticism to late Victorian criticism. The third, The Age of Analysis, covers early twentieth-century theories of Formalism and Expressionism to conclude with Wittgenstein and a number of views inspired by his thought.
Laying Down the Law: Mysticism, Fetishism, and the American Legal Mind

In the collected essays here, Schlag established himself as one of the most creative thinkers in the contemporary legal academy. To read them one after another is exhilarating; Schlag's sophistication shines through. In chapter after chapter he tackles the most vexing problems of law and legal thinking, but at the heart of his concern is the questions of normativity and the normative claims made by legal scholars. He revisits legal realism, eenergizes it, and brings readers face-to-face with the central issues confronting law at the end of the 20th century. --Choice, May 1997 Pierre Schlag is the great iconoclast of the American legal academy. Few law professors today are so consistently original, funny, and provocative. But behind his playful manner is a serious goal: bringing the study of law into the late modern/ postmodern age. Reading these essays is like watching a one-man truth squad taking on all of the trends and movements of contemporary jurisprudence. All one can say to the latter is, better take cover. --J. M. Balkin, Lafayette S. Foster Professor, Yale Law School At a time when complaints are heard everywhere about the excesses of lawyers, judges, and law itself, Pierre Schlag focuses attention on the American legal mind and its urge to lay down the law. For Schlag, legalism is a way of thinking that extends far beyond the customary official precincts of the law. His work prompts us to move beyond the facile self- congratulatory self-representations of the law so that we might think critically about its identity, effects, and limitations. In this way, Schlag leads us to rethink the identities and character of moral and political values in contemporary discourse. The book brings into question the dominant normative orientation that shapes so much academic thought in law and in the humanities and social sciences. By pulling the curtain on the rhetorical techniques by which the law represents itself as coherent, rational, and stable, Laying Down the Law discloses the grandiose (and largely futile) attempts of American academics to control social and political meaning by means of scholarly missives.
The Political Economy of Stalinism: Ruble Control: Money, Prices, and Budgets

Money, prices, and finance were not supposed to matter in the administrative-command economy. What counted were the administrative decisions that allocated bricks, machines, wheat, garments, manufactured consumer goods, and labor. This chapter examines a number of issues concerning financial transactions and their components — money, credit, prices, and the state budget. Were money and credit passive instruments of physical planning or “did money matter?” Were money, credit, and prices simply used to track physical transactions and, if so, how well? Or were physical resources allocated based on bidding processes based on financial clout? Given that investment was planned in rubles (see Chapter 4) financed from the state budget, to what extent did the state budget itself determine the physical volume of investment? This chapter explains why the Soviet financial system did not operate according to this original intent. As financial arrangements evolved, Soviet leaders experienced two money shocks. First, money continued to matter. Enterprise managers sought to accumulate money, especially cash through any means possible, be it unauthorized price increases or nefarious under-the-table transactions. Second, the supply of money and credit could not be kept in line with the supply of real goods, even with a single financial accounting center. Enterprises issued each other illegal credits and used money surrogates when cash was particularly short. The central bank, as the lender of last resort in an economy of soft budgets, was forced to issue credits against its will.
Conceptual Revolutions in Twentieth-Century Art: The Greatest Artistic Breakthroughs of the Twentieth Century

Breakthroughs [The artist] has to make an enormous effort to lift himself above his contemporaries. This results in what we often call the “breakthrough,” that every artist on the path to success has to make. Sir Alan Bowness The true subject of art history is the narrative and analysis of the succession of innovations that have changed the practices of artists over the course of time. This is a source of considerable confusion not only among the public at large, but even among many art scholars, for there is a persistent belief that art history is the story of the lives of great artists. However widespread, this belief is mistaken. Artists' contributions to their discipline do not consist of their entire body of work, but rather only that part of it that embodies inventions that are subsequently deemed useful by other artists. The chief curator of painting and sculpture at New York's Museum of Modern Art, perhaps the world's preeminent museum of twentieth-century art, recently expressed this succinctly in explaining the mission of his institution: “MOMA is a museum interested in telling the story of successive innovations rather than a museum interested in the longevity of individual careers.” Scholarly surveys follow this same model, as for example in the statement that opens the preface to their recent textbook, Art Since 1900 , Hal Foster, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, and Benjamin Buchloh declare not that their work is arranged around the careers of artists, but rather that “This book is organized as a succession of important events , each keyed to an appropriate date, and can thus be read as a chronological account of twentieth-century art.”
Influence of Environment on Respiratory Disease

In the USA the influence of environment on respiratory tract infections is most dramatic in the case of feeder cattle. Such animals are invariably at the mercy of the elements, usually under natural or artificially created conditions which predispose to and promote the spread of, respiratory infections. The major health problem in these animals is a disease complex known as ‘shipping fever’. Despite longterm efforts to bring this condition under control, it continues to extract a high economic toll from the feeder cattle industry. The environment can also influence disease in a more subtle manner. By redirecting the invasion route normally taken by a virus, particularly by members of the herpesvirus group in attacking the host, the pathogenic potential of the virus is increased, with the emergence of additional clinical expressions of disease.
Events surrounding the early development of Euglena chloroplasts. Photoregulation of the transcription of chloroplastic and cytoplasmic ribosomal RNAs.

Abstract During light-induced chloroplast development in dark-grown resting cells of wild-type Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Pringsheim, plastid ribosomal RNA (pl-rRNA) increases from about 2 to 25% of the total cellular RNA; concomitantly, 32 PO 4 3− is incorporated linearly from 0 to 48 h. The net amount of cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA (cytrRNA) does not change during light-induced chloroplast development in wild type, but 32 PO 4 3− is incorporated with a peak rate at 24–36 h, indicating that turnover of cyt-rRNA takes place during light-induced plastid development. The extent of this turnover is about 60% by 36 h of development. Such light-induced turnover of cyt-rRNA also occurs in resting cells of dark-grown W3BUL, a mutant of Euglena which lacks detectable plastid DNA and protochlorophyll(ide), with similar kinetics but to one-third the extent of wild-type cells. Labeling of cyt-rRNA at 3 h of development is primarily in the polysome fraction compared with the monosomes, indicating that newly synthesized ribosomes are immediately active in protein synthesis. Labeling of pl-rRNA continues at the same rate in darkness after a brief light induction while cyt-rRNA labeling decreases 50% every 3 h in darkness after a brief light induction. Labeling of cyt-rRNA in wild type and W3BUL is induced most effectively by blue light, green and red light being relatively ineffective. Labeling of pl-rRNA in wild-type cells is induced most effectively by blue light and red light, and the ratio of effectiveness of blue to red to green is the same as the ratios of absorption in these regions of the protochlorophyll(ide) holochrome from beans. These results are consistent with other data which indicate that the nonplastid aspects of plastid development are under control of a nonchloroplast blue light receptor while the plastid events are under the control of the plastid-localized protochlorophyll(ide) system.
Burnout and Leadership in Community Mental Health Systems.

This study investigated whether aspects of burnout in clinical staff in community mental health agencies were systematically related to aspects of leadership behavior and quality of supervision of clinical supervisors. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, leadership behavior was measured by the Leadership Practices Inventory, and clinical supervision by a scale constructed by the authors. Significant, though moderate relationships were found between the measures, and the implications for an organizational model of burnout, as well as prevention of burnout in mental health professionals are discussed.
Structural genes for thiamine biosynthetic enzymes (thiCEFGH) in Escherichia coli K-12.

Escherichia coli K-12 synthesizes thiamine pyrophosphate (vitamin B1) de novo. Two precursors [4-methyl-5-(beta-hydroxyethyl)thiazole monophosphate and 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine pyrophosphate] are coupled to form thiamine monophosphate, which is then phosphorylated to make thiamine pyrophosphate. Previous studies have identified two classes of thi mutations, clustered at 90 min on the genetic map, which result in requirements for the thiazole or the hydroxymethylpryimidine. We report here our initial molecular genetic analysis of the thi cluster. We cloned the thi cluster genes and examined their organization, structure, and function by a combination of phenotypic testing, complementation analysis, polypeptide expression, and DNA sequencing. We found five tightly linked genes, designated thiCEFGH. The thiC gene product is required for the synthesis of the hydroxymethylpyrimidine. The thiE, thiF, thiG, and thiH gene products are required for synthesis of the thiazole. These mutants did not respond to 1-deoxy-D-threo-2-pentulose, indicating that they are blocked in the conversion of this precursor compound to the thiazole itself. Images
Consistency of teleseismic reporting since 1963

abstract Changes in the rate of occurrence of smaller events have been recognized in the rupture zones of upcoming large earthquakes in several postearthquake and one preearthquake study. A data set in which a constant portion of the events in any magnitude band are consistently reported through time is crucial for the recognition of seismicity rate changes which are real (related to some process change in the earth). Such a data set is termed a homogeneous data set. The consistency of reporting of earthquakes in the NOAA Hypocenter Data File (HDF) since 1963 is evaluated by examining the cumulative number of events reported as a function of time for the entire world in eight magnitude bands. It is assumed that the rate of occurrence of events in the entire world is roughly constant on the time scale examined here because of the great size of the worldwide earthquake production system. The rate of reporting of events with magnitudes above m b = 4.5 has been constant or increasing since 1963. Significant decreases in the number of events reported per month in the magnitude bands below m b = 4.4 occurred during 1968 and 1976. These decreases are interpreted as indications of decreases in detection of events for two reasons. First, they occur at times of constant rates of occurrence and reporting of larger events. Second, the decrease during the late 19609s has also been recognized in the teleseismic data reported by the International Seismological Centre (ISC). This suggests that the decrease in the number of small events reported was related to facets of the earthquake reporting system which the ISC and NOAA share. The most obvious candidate is the detection system. During 1968, detection decreased in the United States, Central and South America, and portions of the South Pacific. This decrease is probably due to the closure of the VELA arrays, BMO, TFO, CPO, UBO, and WMO. During 1976, detection decreased in most of the seismically active regions of the western hemisphere, as well as in the region between Kamchatka and Guam. The cause of this detection decrease is unclear. These detection decreases seriously affect the amount of homogeneous background period available for the study of teleseismic seismicity rate changes. If events below the minimum magnitude of homogeneity are eliminated from the teleseismic data sets the resulting small numbers of events render many regions unsuitable for study. Many authors have reported seismicity rate decreases as possible precursors to great earthquakes. Few of these authors have considered detection decreases as possible explanations for their results. This analysis indicates that such considerations cannot be avoided in studies of teleseismic data.
Bandwidth reconfigurable THz filter employing phase-change material

We propose a bandwidth reconfigurable spatial filter using frequency selective surfaces (FSS) combined with phase-change materials (PCMs), vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) for advanced terahertz (THz) applications. The FSS filter is simulated using sapphire as substrate and employs circular loops FSS with VO 2 rings in between. Simulations of this filter show bandwidth difference in the frequency range of 0.4 – 0.75 THz. As a demonstration, we tested a reconfigurable FSS geometry and observed a 15% in bandwidth change as per design
Fermions in Optical Lattices Swept across Feshbach Resonances

We point out that the recent experiments at ETH on fermions in optical lattices, where a band insulator evolves continuously into states occupying many bands as the system is swept adiabatically across Feshbach resonance, have implications on a wide range of fundamental issues in condensed matter. We derive the effective Hamiltonian of these systems, obtain expressions for their energies and band populations, and point out the increasing quantum entanglement of the ground state during the adiabatic sweep. Our results also explain why only specific regions in k space can be populated after the sweep as found at ETH.
Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) response of Plationus patulus (Rotifera: Monogononta) to combined exposures of arsenic and heavy metals

Organisms produce stress proteins as a response to natural and anthropogenic environmental changes. Induction of stress proteins has been reported in a variety of aquatic organisms, including rotifers, exposed to pollutants. Past studies on stress protein responses of rotifers have focused on exposure to single toxicants. In this study the rotifer Plationus patulus was exposed singly and in combination to various concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Following exposure, total protein was quantified (Bradford method) and stress protein 60 (HSP60) was identified using Western blotting. P. patulus induced HSP60 as a response to single exposures to Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. HSP60 expression was increased (2 fold) in rotifers exposed to these single elements at both low and high concentrations as compared to unexposed rotifers. Arsenic exposure resulted in a 2 fold decrease in HSP induction. In rotifers exposed to metal mixtures, HSP60 was induced by the presence of As-Zn, As-Cr-Cu-Pb, As-Cr-Cu, As-Cr-Cu-Ni and As-Cr-Cu-Ni-Pb combinations in the media. HSP60 response to As and heavy metals toxicity depends on the type and number of elements present in the media as well as their concentrations and length of the exposure time.
Natural history and prognostic models in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. Despite the recognition of immunological and genetic alterations cited as factors in its pathogenesis, the exact cause for PSC remains unknown. Observational cohort studies, however, have demonstrated that PSC is a progressive disease culminating in liver failure or death. Natural history assessment in PSC, however, has been complicated by variable rates of disease progression and the impact of clinical symptoms upon initial presentation. The development of mathematical models by multivariable regression techniques (most notably Cox proportional hazards regression) has allowed for an improved description of overall survival on an individual basis among patients with PSC. Additionally, these models have also been employed for determining the optimal selection and timing for liver transplantation when advanced disease is imminent.
A Mother/Daughter Distance Dance

Anchored within the Arizona State University Art Museum, A Mother/Daughter Distance Dance engaged inmate mothers at Estrella Jail in Phoenix, Arizona and their daughters in a participatory, creative endeavour that virtually connected the estranged mothers and daughters through images, words, and the ineffable experience of movement.
Extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of N III.

The emission spectrum of doubly ionized nitrogen, N iii, has been studied at high resolution in the extreme ultraviolet, from 150 to 500 A. Eighty seven new terms are reported, belonging to singly, doubly, and triply excited electron configurations; the data include two hundred and fifteen new spectral lines. Many of the lines observed are due to transitions from autoionizing levels and some exhibit broad and asymmetrical profiles as predicted by the theory. An example of forced autoionization is noted.
In vivo evaluation of the novel calcineurin inhibitor ISATX247 in non-human primates.

Abstract Background ISA TX 247 is a novel calcineurin inhibitor that has shown more potency than cyclosporine in vitro. This is the first in vivo study of the effects of ISA TX 247 on lymphocyte functions in non-human primates. Methods Groups of cynomolgus monkeys were treated orally twice daily for 7 days, each dose consisting of 25 mg/kg cyclosporine ( n = 5), 25 mg/kg ISA TX 247 ( n = 6) or 50 mg/kg ISA TX 247 ( n = 6). Levels of cyclosporine and ISA TX 247 in whole blood were measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. After mitogen stimulation, lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by tritium-labeled thymidine incorporation and by flow cytometry (expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in cells in S/G 2 M phase). Flow cytometry was also used to assess production of intracellular cytokines by T cells (interleukin-2, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α) and expression of T-cell surface activation antigens (CD25, CD71, CD11a, CD95, CD154). Results Trough ( C 14hr ) and peak ( C 3hr ) drug levels, as well as area under the concentration–time curve, were significantly higher for cyclosporine than ISA TX 247 (370 ng/ml vs 70 ng/ml, 877 ng/ml vs 303 ng/ml and 6,262 ng · h/ml vs 1,979 ng · h/ml, respectively). On Day 7 at C 14hr , lymphocyte proliferation had been suppressed by approximately 50% in all groups compared with proliferation before treatment. Three hours after dosing, lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited significantly more by ISA TX 247 (approximately 80%, with no differences between the two ISA TX 247 dose levels) than by cyclosporine (65% inhibition). Similar differences between the immunosuppressive effects of ISA TX 247 and cyclosporine were found for inhibition of expression of T-cell surface activation antigens. Despite lower ISA TX 247 exposures compared with cyclosporine, the cyclosporine treatment only rarely suppressed cytokine production more than treatment with ISA TX 247. Conclusions In non-human primates, ISA TX 247 produces a greater or similar inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation, expression of T-cell activation surface antigens, and cytokine production when compared with cyclosporine, despite ISA TX 247's lower blood levels and total exposure. We conclude that ISA TX 247 suppresses diverse T-cell functions more potently than cyclosporine in non-human primates in vivo.
THE UPSTREAM OPEN READING FRAME OF THE MRNA ENCODING S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE IS A POLYAMINE-RESPONSIVE TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL ELEMENT

Abstract S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is a key enzyme in the pathway of polyamine biosynthesis. The cellular levels of the polyamines specifically regulate AdoMetDC translation through the 5′-leader of the mRNA, which contains a small upstream open reading frame (uORF) 14 nucleotides from the cap. Mutating the initiation codon of the uORF, which encodes a peptide product with the sequence MAGDIS, abolished regulation. In addition, the uORF is sufficient, by itself, to provide polyamine regulation when inserted into the 5′-leader of the human growth hormone mRNA. Changing the amino acid sequence at the carboxyl terminus of the peptide product of the uORF abolished polyamine regulation. In contrast, altering the nucleotide sequence of the uORF at degenerate positions, without changing the amino acid sequence of the peptide, did not affect regulation. Extending the distance between cap and uORF, thereby changing the rate of initiation at the initiator AUG of the uORF, did not alter polyamine regulation. When the uORF was extended so as to overlap, out of frame, the downstream major cistron, polyamine regulation was abolished. We propose that polyamines do not modulate the rate of recognition of the uORF but rather regulate interaction of the peptide product of the uORF with its target.
Internet access to heterogeneous home area network devices with an OSGi-based residential gateway

Home area networks are proliferating rapidly in many residential homes. These networks are being designed to enable remote access and control to services and contents such as music, video, and data. It remains a significant challenge to design a home network that exploits different protocol architectures and standards while allowing interoperability among them. We describe the design and implementation of an architecture (known as a residential gateway) that: enables full interoperability among different technologies by exploiting the Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) technology; provides secure internet access to heterogeneous devices connected to a home area network.
Pertussis is eradication achievable

We are now on the threshold of a major step in reducing the incidence of pertussis and its associated mortality and morbidity in young children. Assuring that vaccines are received in a timely fashion by all children and correcting the "missed opportunities" for providing this highly effective intervention are most critical. A plan for booster immunizations must be developed for older children and adults to offer further protection of young infants through the cocoon effect that this would create for them.
Central administration of perfluorooctanoic acid inhibits cutaneous inflammation.

Objective: To elucidate the site of action of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in the carrageenan model of peripheral inflammation. Subjects: Male Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatment: We first compared the anti-edema effects of systemic PFOA (50–150 mg/kg) with prototypical nonsteroidal (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA, 50–200 mg/kg) and steroidal (dexamethasone, 0.5–5.0 mg/kg) drugs after the intraplantar injection of carrageenan (1%). We then compared the anti-edema effects of systemic PFOA with local intraplantar (10 mg/kg), and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v., 0.1–50 μg) routes of administration. Results: Systemic PFOA was at least as or more efficacious than ASA or dexamethasone in reducing carrageenan-induced edema. RU-486 did not change the anti-edema effect of PFOA, ruling out a contribution of endogenous release of glucorticoids. I. c. v. PFOA, but not perfluorooctanes, dramatically reduced multiple signs of inflammation at doses well below the systemically-effective dose. We conclude that the anti-edema effect of high systemic doses of PFOA (≥100 mg/kg, i. p.) is mediated in part by actions in the brain.
The attachment probabilities of marine snow and their implications for particle coagulation in the ocean

Abstract The rate at which suspended particles in the ocean coagulate to form larger, more rapidly sinking aggregates is directly related to the frequency with which the particles stick together once they have collided. The attachment probabilities of marine macroscopic detrital aggregates, known as marine snow, were determined by video recording and analysing individual particle-particle interactions between 660 pairs of aggregates colliding together via gravitational settlement. Attachment probabilities of natural marine aggregates in the size range from 0.2 to 7.6 mm are the highest yet reported for natural particles, ranging from 0.60 (60% of collisions result in attachment) for amorphous detrital aggregates to 0.88 for flocculated diatoms. Attachment probabilities increase with increasing particle volume, surface area of contact and collision velocity. Large size and surface complexity resulting in multi-point contact between colliding particles and the abundance of sticky, microbially-produced exopolymers on the aggregate surfaces probably contribute to high aggregation efficiencies. The high attachment probabilities of suspended macroaggregates suggest that the rate of aggregation of organic particles by physical coagulation in the ocean may be many times higher than previously predicted.
In situ detection of nuclear atypia in Barrett's esophagus by using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry.

Background Monitoring of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) for dysplasia, currently done by systematic biopsy, can be improved through increasing the proportion of at-risk tissue examined. Objective Optical biopsy techniques, which do not remove the tissue but interrogate the tissue with light, offer a potential method to improve the monitoring of BE. Frequency-domain angle resolved low-coherence interferometry (fa/LCI) is an optical spectroscopic technique applied through an endoscopic fiber bundle and measures the depth-resolved nuclear morphology of tissue, a key biomarker for identifying dysplasia. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic capability of fa/LCI for differentiating healthy and dysplastic tissue in patients with BE. Methods Depth-resolved angular scattering data are acquired by using fa/LCI from tissue excised from 3 patients who had esophagogastrectomy. The data are processed to determine the average nuclear size and density as a function of depth beneath the tissue surface. These data are compared with the pathologic classification of the tissue. Main Outcome Measurements Average of depth-resolved nuclear diameter and nuclear density measurements in tissue samples. Results Upon comparison to pathologic diagnosis, the fa/LCI data results report the nuclear atypia characteristic of dysplasia in the epithelial tissue. Examination of the average nuclear morphology over the superficial 150 μm results in complete separation between healthy columnar and BE dysplastic tissues. Limitations Lack of in vivo data; lack of nondysplastic BE data because of limited sample size. Conclusions In complicated tissue structures, such as BE, depth-resolved nuclear morphology measurements provided an excellent means to identify dysplasia. The preliminary results demonstrate the great potential for the in vivo application of fa/LCI as a targeting mechanism for physical biopsy in patients with BE.
Observing atmospheric clouds through stereo reconstruction

Observing cloud lifecycles and obtaining measurements on cloud features are significant problems in atmospheric cloud research. Scanning radars have been the most capable instruments to provide such measurements, but they have shortcomings when it comes to spatial and temporal resolution. High spatial and temporal resolution is particularly important to capture the variations in developing convections. Stereo photogrammetry can complement scanning radars with the potential to observe clouds as distant as tens of kilometers and to provide high temporal and spatial resolution, although it comes with the calibration challenges peculiar to various outdoor settings required to collect measurements on atmospheric clouds. This work explores the use of stereo photogrammetry in atmospheric cloud research, focusing on tracking vertical motion in developing convections. Calibration challenges and strategies to overcome these challenges are addressed within two different stereo settings in Miami, Florida and in the plains of Oklahoma. A feature extraction and matching algorithm is developed and implemented to identify cloud features of interest. A two-level resolution hierarchy is exploited in feature extraction and matching. 3D positions of cloud features are reconstructed from matched pixel pairs, and cloud tops of developing turrets in shallow to deep convection are tracked in time to estimate vertical accelerations. Results show that stereophotogrammetry provides a useful tool to observe cloud lifecycles and track the vertical acceleration of turrets exceeding 10 km height.
Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders

Several epidemiological studies confirmed that Anxiety Disorders as a group are the most prevalent psychiatric conditions in the United States. The importance of these conditions is underlined by the fact that they cause significant disability, poor quality of life, alcohol and drug abuse. Anxiety disorders are treatable conditions and respond to the front-line interventions such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, only about 60% of patients respond to those treatments to any significant degree. Many still have residual symptoms or stay treatment refractory. The group of anxiety patients that is resistant to the treatment has been shown to have very poor quality of life and have highest rate of suicidal attempts than any other disorders. Many biological, treatment specific and social factors are affecting treatment resistance. In this paper, we are attempting to review reasons for the treatment resistance. In addition, we would like to review current strategies that could be helpful in reducing treatment resistance and aiding people chronically suffering from these severe and disabling conditions.
Bullous Pemphigoid Associated with Renal Carcinoma

The correlation between bullous pemphigoid and malignant tumours is still controversial. Our experience of the dermatological disorder after radical nephrectomy for renal carcinoma indicates the need for thorough diagnostic exploration in patients with bullous pemphigoid.
Production and Excision Repair of Cyclobutane-type Pyrimidine Dimers in the DNA of Turbatrix Acetic

SummaryThe production and removal of 254 nm ultraviolet-induced pyramidine dimers was measured in the DNA of the free-living nematode Turbatrix aceti. Approximately 0·0035 per cent pyrimidine dimers are produced per J/m2. Following a fluence of 100 Jm2, approximately 50 per cent of the dimeric photoproducts were excised within 60 min. The number of pyrimidine dimers excised did not change with increasing U.V. fluence, indicating saturation of the U.V. repair system in T. aceti. The results indicate a highly efficient and selective repair system in Turbatrix aceti for dimeric photoproducts.
The anti-atherogenic effect of dietary soybean protein concentrate in hamsters

Abstract Two groups of Golden Syrian hamsters were fed cholesterol-enriched semipurified diets containing either 40% casein or soybean protein concentrate for a period of 8 weeks. Compared to the casein-containing diet, animals fed the soybean protein concentrate had significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol (TC) (−19%) and very low density and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C+LDL-C) (−33%) with no significant effects on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Plasma triglycerides were also significantly reduced (−51%) in the soybean protein concentrate fed hamsters compared to the casein-fed animals. Compared to the casein-fed hamsters, the degree of aortic fatty streak involvement was reduced by 76% in the soybean protein concentrate-fed hamsters. There was a significant correlation between TC and aortic fatty streak area (r = 0.584, p = 0.01) and between VLDL-C+LDL-C and aortic fatty streak area (r = 0.579, p = 0.01). Thus, this study demonstrates that the hypocholesterolemic properties of soybean protein concentrate relative to casein are associated with a striking reduction in aortic fatty streak formation.
Surface-dipole and electric-quadrupole contributions to anisotropic second-harmonic generation from noble-metal surfaces.

Abstract : The azimuthal anisotropy in the optical second harmonic response from various crystal faces of Ag, Cu, and Au has been measured. Comparing the relative magnitudes of the isotropic and anisotropic signals indicates that the strong anisotropy observed from the (111) and (110) faces of noble metals can be assigned primarily to the dipolar surface response. This result contrasts to the case of Al single crystals where the anisotropy can be accounted for by the bulk quadrupole response.
Seasonal transitions in the thermal structure of the mesosphere at high latitudes

Thermal structure transition of mesosphere at high altitudes from persistent summertime to dynamic wintertime case
Lumen-side topography of the α-subunit of the chloroplast cytochrome b-559

Removal of the extrinsic 33 kDa polypeptide increased the accessibility to trypsin of a COOH-terminal tridecapeptide epitope of the α subunit of cytochrome b-559 (psbE. gene product). The sensitivity of the cytochrome epitope to trypsin was not measurably affected by removal of the 16 and 23 kDa extrinsic polypeptides, nor increased by removal of the OEC manganese along with the 33 kDa protein. While protecting α-cytochrome b-559 against trypsin, the 33 kDa protein is also proteolyzed, suggesting the possibility of an additional protein component involved in the shielding of the cytochrome. Shielding of the COOH-terminal epitope of α-cytochrome b-559 by the OEC 33 kDa protein implies that these COOH-terminal chains of the cytochrome are part of a protein network in the lumen space near the photosystem II reaction center. This network may contain residues that are involved in the binding of essential OEC metal ions.
Perceived importance of educational criteria to retail buyers

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how retail buyers rate the importance of selected educational criteria. Questionnaires were mailed to 388 retail buyers in department, discount and speciality stores; the usable response rate was 28 per cent. Results of this study indicated that buying criteria such as planning and organising work effectively, retail mathematical skills, finding information to solve problems and critically interpreting information were rated very highly by the respondents. Also rated highly were criteria related to the knowledge of apparel products, from fibre through garment construction to the end‐use performance.
A means of increasing the effective storage capacity of a memory for partially correlated data

Abstract A method of increasinf the effective word size of a memory by the storage of differences of, rather than spectra themselves, is described. Algorithms for storage and recovery using various differencing are given. An example showing a spectrum obtained using first differences is presented and various ramifications of the technique are discussed.
Building a community of practice at the help desk

Communities of practice are becoming recognized in the business world as a way to share knowledge across organizational boundaries [4]. Communities of practice derive from the learning theory proposed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger called legitimate peripheral participation, a process where newcomers become part of a community of practice [3]. Rutgers University Computing Services on the Camden campus endeavored to create a community of practice with the student help desk staff, user services staff, and the systems staff. This paper will explore what a community of practice is, the benefits and problems with including students in a community of practice, and the online resources that have been beneficial in connecting the community.
Test of the Equivalence Principle Using a Rotating Torsion Balance

We used a continuously rotating torsion balance instrument to measure the acceleration difference of beryllium and titanium test bodies towards sources at a variety of distances. Our result Δa N,Be-Ti = (0.6 ± 3.1) X 10 -15 m/s 2 improves limits on equivalence-principle violations with ranges from 1 m to ∞ by an order of magnitude. The Eotvos parameter is η Earth,Be-Ti = (0.3 ± 1.8) X 10 -13 . By analyzing our data for accelerations towards the center of the Milky Way we find equal attractions of Be and Ti towards galactic dark matter, yielding η DM,Be-Ti = (∼4 ± 7) X 10 -5 . Space-fixed differential accelerations in any direction are limited to less than 8.8 X 10 -15 m/s 2 with 95% confidence.
Feature Detection for Haptic Exploration with Robotic Fingers

The authors consider the detection of small surface features, such as cracks, bumps, and ridges, on the surface of an object during haptic exploration and dexterous manipulation. Surface feature de...
Factor IX Antibody and Immune Tolerance

Prevalence of FIX inhibitor is ten times lower than factor VIII inhibitor. FIX inhibitor patients pose major challenges for treatment because of the simultaneous occurrence of severe allergy to FIX at the time of inhibitor development. Immune tolerance induction in haemophilia B inhibitor patients with allergy to FIX is complicated due to the development of nephrotic syndrome. Moreover, response to ITI usually is poor.
Perception of symmetry in infancy: the salience of vertical symmetry and the perception of pattern wholes.

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to assess converging aspects of 4-month-old infants' perception of symmetry in visual patterns. Experiments 1 and 2 manipulated the structure and orientation of comparable patterns in order to evaluate the specialty of vertical symmetry. Infants showed no preference among vertically symmetrical, vertically repeated, and obliquely symmetrical patterns, but they processed vertically symmetrical patterns more efficiently than either vertically repeated patterns or obliquely symmetrical patterns. Experiment 3 manipulated the spatial separation of pattern components in order to determine the ability of young infants to integrate and coalesce information in visual patterns that is distributed in space. Infants processed vertically symmetrical patterns whose components were contiguous or nearly contiguous about the vertical axis (0 to 2.5° separations) more efficiently than discotiguous patterns (5 and 10° separations). Thus, extreme spatial separation about the vertical meridian caused infants to lose the advantage for vertical symmetry, and by inference their holistic perception of the visual pattern. Experiment 4 manipulated the organization of individual components of a vertical pattern in order to examine further infants' sensitivity to perceptual organization and synthesis of pattern form. Infants discriminated vertically symmetrical patterns from asymmetrical patterns with a vertical organization, thereby demonstrating sensitivity to the symmetrical organization of the pattern above their perception of components in the pattern. The results of these four experiments together corroborate and extend previous findings that vertical symmetry has a special status in early perceptual development and that infants can perceive pattern wholes .
Fused ring systems derived from reactions of half-open titanocenes with diynes: Syntheses, characterization, cage rearrangements, and structural studies

The reactions of several α,ω-diynes with half-open titanocene complexes [M(C 5 H 5 )(2,4-C 7 H 11 )(PR 3 )] (C 7 H 11 = dimethylpentadienyl) lead to 5 + 2 + 2 ring constructions, yielding nine-membered rings fused to four-membered and larger rings. These reactions tolerate significant functionalization, even allowing for the presence of heteroatoms such as oxygen and nitrogen. The nine-membered rings provide both allyl and diene coordination to the Ti(C 5 H 5 ) fragments, resulting in 16 electron configurations. On standing, these species undergo cage rearrangements, via C C bond activation reactions. Structural data have been obtained for a number of the fused ring species, as well as one of the rearrangement products.
Post-yield relaxation behavior of bovine cancellous bone.

Relaxation studies were conducted on specimens of bovine cancellous bone at post-yield strains. Stress and strain were measured for 1000 s and the relaxation modulus was determined. Fifteen cylindrical, cancellous bone specimens were removed from one bovine femur in the anterior–posterior direction. The relaxation modulus was found to be a function of strain. Therefore cancellous bone is non-linearly viscoelastic/viscoplastic in the plastic region. A power law regression was fit to the relaxation modulus data. The multiplicative constant was found to be statistically related through a power law relationship to both strain (p<0.0005) and apparent density (p<0.0005) while the power coefficient was found to be related through a power law relationship, E(t, e)=A(e)t−n(e), to strain (p<0.0005), but not apparent density.
Electrophysiological and Immunofluorescence Characterization of Ca2+ Channels of Acutely Isolated Rat Sphenopalatine Ganglion Neurons

The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is the main parasympathetic ganglion that is involved in regulating cerebral vascular tone and gland secretion. SPG neurons have been implicated in some types of migraine headaches but their precise role has yet to be determined. In addition, very little information is available regarding ion channel modulation by neurotransmitters that are involved in the parasympathetic drive of SPG neurons. In this study, acute isolation of adult rat SPG neurons was developed in order to begin the electrophysiological characterization of this ganglion. Under our dissociation conditions, the average number of neurons obtained per ganglion was greater than 1200. Immunofluorescence imaging results showed positive labeling with acethylcholinesterase (AChE), confirming the parasympathetic nature of SPG neurons. On the other hand, weak tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining was observed in these neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that most of the Ca2+ current is carried by N-type (53%) and SNX-482 resistant R-type (30%) Ca2+ channels. In addition, Ca2+ currents were inhibited in a voltage-dependent manner following exposure to oxotremorine-M (Oxo-M), norepinephrine and ATP via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M2 AChR) subtype, adrenergic and P2Y purinergic receptors, respectively. The peptides VIP and angiotensin II failed to modulate Ca2+ currents, suggesting that these receptors are not present on the SPG soma or do not couple to Ca2+ channels. In summary, our data suggest that the Ca2+ current inhibition mediated by Oxo-M, NE and ATP in adult rat SPG neurons plays an integral part in maintaining parasympathetic control of cranial functions.
An approximation for hindered rotor state energies

A method suggested by Troe [J. Chem. Phys. 66 (1977) 4758] for estimating hindered internal rotation state energies is first evaluated and then extended by including anharmonic terms and introducing a smooth switching function. Comparisons between calculated thermodynamic functions and exact results [J. Chem. Phys. 10 (1942) 428] show that the extended method is greatly improved and performs at a level comparable to other approximate methods, but without their drawbacks. The extended method is very useful for calculating the densities of states and partition functions needed for reaction rate theories.
The Decoupled Control Research of UPQC

Abstract The double-loop strong coupling problem was existed in the model of some power devices under dq coordinate system. So the entirely decoupling control of UPQC is impracticability. A novel decoupling method is proposed in the paper [2] and the entirely decoupling model of UPQC is achieved. But the paper [2] is not detailed the design of control system. The UPQC can be controlled by open-loop manner and close-loop manner. Its series part can work as either controlled voltage source mode or controlled current source mode. So is the shunt part. Four detailed control strategies were proposed under two control manners and two control modes. The control results of four control strategies are simulated. It can be proved that every control strategy can realize the control goal and the comparison of them is detailed.