cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA AT UNUSUAL SITES; REPORT OF TWO CASES WITH ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND OPERATIVE FINDINGS

Abstract 1. 1. Coarctation at an unusual site in the thoracic aorta of one patient and in the abdominal aorta of another has been demonstrated by angiocardiography and at operation. 2. 2. It is felt that the occurrence of aortic obstruction at such unusual sites, though admittedly rare, nonetheless provides a strong argument for routine use of angiocardiography preliminary to surgical treatment of coarctation. 3. 3. Ten similar cases collected from the literature are reviewed and discussed from the standpoint of the etiological basis. Although proof of any theory is lacking, it is felt that the stenosis in such instances is a congenital lesion. 4. 4. Thoracic and abdominal aortic constriction would appear to have a different though possibly related pathogenesis.
Finite element modeling of rock cutting and its fragmentation process

Abstract Rock cutting is a challenging problem from a modeling perspective. The challenges come from the complexity of the physics from the tool–rock interaction to the fracture process and propagation of the quasibrittle rocks. This study was aimed at developing a finite element procedure that was capable of providing reasonable estimates of cutting forces and, at the same time, capturing the essential characteristics of the fragmentation process. Published laboratory rock scratch tests were used as modeling targets since these tests encompass all essential characteristics of rock cutting. Both shallow cuts and deep cuts from a rectangular cutter were analyzed first, followed by modeling of shallow cuts from a disc cutter. It was concluded that rock cutting could be reasonably modeled by using a plasticity-damage model, an element erosion scheme that removes an element when its energy release equals fracture energy, together with a proper selection of modeling parameters.
Methodological Practice as Matters of Justice, Justification, and the Pursuit of Verisimilitude

My wish is for ready adoption of methodological advances without fear of reviewer resistance or worry over the complexity of it all. In my article, I discuss the inherent problems and impediments to ready adoption and I offer a number of concrete suggestions to mitigate the current state of practice. My article is grounded on the idea that the intricacy of modern methods and their corresponding questions must be embraced if policy and practice are to be truly served. Inadequate findings derived from status-quo methods propagate mis-information and beget adoption of bad policy and practice—thereby undermining our obligations as stewards of social justice.
Thermal inactivation of the reductase domain of cytochrome P450 BM3

Abstract Although the reductase domain of cytochrome P450 BM3 (BMR) catalyzes the reduction of cytochrome c and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, we observed a catalytically independent loss of activity. By varying the incubation time for the enzyme prior to reaction initiation, we measured an inactivation rate of 0.22 min−1. We hypothesized that either an active BMR dimer dissociates to an inactive monomer or BMR undergoes denaturation. We were not able to trap or destabilize a dimer, and BMR inactivation proved to be irreversible. Addition of excess FMN only slightly decreased the rate of inactivation from 0.22 to 0.13 min−1, indicating inactivation likely does not reflect loss of flavin. When inactivation rates as a function of temperature were fit to the Arrhenius equation, the energy required to inactivate BMR was 9.9 kcal mol−1—equivalent to a few hydrogen bonds. The potential instability of BMR under certain conditions raises concerns for the use of BMR as a model or surrogate P450 reductase in other systems.
In Vitro Aqueous Fluid-Capacity-Limited Dissolution Testing of Respirable Aerosol Drug Particles Generated from Inhaler Products

To develop a unique in vitro aqueous fluid-capacity-limited dissolution system for the kinetic assessment of respirable aerosol drug particles from inhaler products. Aerosol particles of 5 inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) from 7 inhaler products were collected in the aerodynamic 2.1–3.3 or 4.7–5.8 μm on the filter membranes using the Andersen cascade impactor. Each filter membrane was then placed onto the donor compartment of the Transwell® system, where addition of 0.04ml aqueous fluid initiated aerosol ICS dissolution and permeation across its supporting membrane at 37°C and ∼100% humidity. The % profiles of dissolution and permeation were apparent first-order or pseudo-zero-order, reaching varying 1.9–95.0% by 5 h. Their kinetics overall conformed to the ICS aqueous solubility. With increasing aerosol mass, however, the profiles decelerated, attributed to undissolved ICSs left by the limited dissolution fluid capacity. The profiles could be also product-specific, as beclomethasone dipropionate aerosols from QVAR® dissolved faster than those from VANCERIL®, whereas fluticasone propionate aerosols from two different inhaler products exhibited comparable profiles. The 2.1–3.3 μm aerosols dissolved faster than the 4.7–5.8 μm aerosols. Aerosol ICS dissolution into the limited aqueous fluid volume differed kinetically due to ICS solubility and aerosol mass, size, formulation and/or generation.
The case/Renal failure after percutaneous closure of a perivalvular leak.

A 71-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure from valvular heart disease who had previously received aortic and mitral valve replacements was admitted with progressively worsening mitral perivalvular leak. He was judged to be a poor operative candidate and underwent percutaneous closure of the leak utilizing Amplatzer occluder device. Post-procedure, he was noted to have red urine (Figure 1) and his creatinine increased from 1.3 to 1.7 mg/100 ml. Enalapril and furosemide were stopped but the creatinine kept rising until it reached 2.8 mg/100 ml on the sixth day after valve closure. Hemoglobin had also dropped from 13.3 g/100 ml on admission to 10 g/100 ml. Urine analysis showed 2+ protein, 3+ heme, 23 WBC/HPF, 7 RBC/HPF, and 6–15 granular casts/HPF. A renal ultrasonogram was normal.
Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulates Cellular Invasiveness and Survival in Cutaneous Epidermal Cells

Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase is a member of the membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase family and is involved in tissue remodeling events ranging from tumor invasion and angiogenesis to growth and development. We sought to clarify the role of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in cutaneous epidermal cells using anti-sense cDNA expression in human keratinocytes. Modulation of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase transcript and protein levels was achieved via retroviral expression of a 5′ 1.4 kb anti-sense membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase construct and a 3.4 kb full-length sense membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase construct in primary and immortalized keratinocytes and SCC-25 cells. Maximal reductions were observed 48–72 h after transduction with 1.4 kb anti-sense membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase construct that correlated with significant decreased pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. Functionally, we found decreased cell migration, reduced cellular proliferation, and increased apoptotic nuclear fragmentation after 1.4 kb anti-sense membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase construct expression. Our findings suggest a role for membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase in human cutaneous epidermal cell invasion and survival mechanisms in vivo .
Revisit Dynamic ARIMA Based Anomaly Detection

On the assumption that a model is correctly learned and built, the typical usage of ARIMA in anomaly detection compares data points with those predicated through the model to determine whether anomalies occur. Yet the time variability by the coefficients in those dynamic regression models is possibly indicative of whether anomalies are in the data set on which the ARIMA model builds. Thus we introduce a corresponding framework and a novel anomaly detection method that combines the Kalman filter for identifying the parameters of those dynamic models with a General Likelihood Ratio (GLR) test that is based on the former for detecting suspicious changes in the parameters and therefore the models. We illustrate the idea through experiments and show its promising potential in terms of accuracy and robustness.
A platform for multiplexed sensing of biomolecules using high-Q microring resonator arrays with differential readout and integrated microfluidics

We demonstrate chemical/biological sensor arrays based on high quality factor evanescent microring waveguide resonators in a process that is compatible with CMOS fabrication, glass microfluidic integration, and robust surface chemistry ligand attachment. We cancel out any fluctuations due to liquid temperature variations through a differential dual sensor design. Using laser locking servo techniques we attain detection sensitivities in the ng/ml range. This combination of silicon photonic sensors, robust packaging, high sensitivity and arrayed design is capable of providing a platform for multiplexed chem-bio sensing of molecules suspended in solution.
Effect of repeated administration of TRK-820, a κ-opioid receptor agonist, on tolerance to its antinociceptive and sedative actions

Abstract Repeated administration of μ-opioid receptor agonist, morphine induces tolerance not only to the antinociceptive effect but also to other pharmacological effects, resulting in shortened working duration and decreased efficacy. But less is known about κ-opioid agonist-induced tolerance. The tolerance-development potency of κ-opioid receptor agonists with a focus on TRK-820 was characterized. After five administrations of κ-opioid receptor agonists, TRK-820 (0.1–0.8 mg/kg), U-50,488H (10–80 mg/kg) and ICI-199,441 (0.025–0.2 mg/kg) subcutaneously over 3 days, tolerance to the antinociceptive effects, assessed by an acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test, developed in a repeated dose-dependent manner. The tolerance-development potency of TRK-820 was the least among these κ-opioid receptor agonists. Similarly, TRK-820 and U-50,488H induced tolerance to their sedative effects as judged by a wheel-running test in mice. Greater tolerance was developed to the sedative effect than to the antinociceptive effect in both compounds. After repeated administration, the number of κ-opioid receptors in the mouse brain was reduced by U-50,488H (80 mg/kg) but not by TRK-820 (0.4 mg/kg). There was no change of the affinity by the treatment with both compounds. These results demonstrated that the κ-opioid receptor agonists developed tolerance both to the antinociceptive and the sedative effects, though the tolerance to the sedative effect developed more readily than tolerance to the antinociceptive effect. The difference in the potency for down-regulating the κ-opioid receptors in the brain may account for the tolerance-development potency of the compounds.
Beginning the journey: supporting reflection in early field experiences

Critical incident analysis shows promise as a strategy for supporting a social justice orientation to reflection on teaching during early field experiences. This paper examines formal field reports written by students in pre‐education courses at a small, private, liberal arts university. These reports illustrate how students, through the analysis of critical incidents, were able to move beyond merely describing what they observed to a deeper level investigation of the social implications of educational practices.
Functional Specialization of Mouse Higher Visual Cortical Areas

The mouse is emerging as an important model for understanding how sensory neocortex extracts cues to guide behavior, yet little is known about how these cues are processed beyond primary cortical areas. Here, we used two-photon calcium imaging in awake mice to compare visual responses in primary visual cortex (V1) and in two downstream target areas, AL and PM. Neighboring V1 neurons had diverse stimulus preferences spanning five octaves in spatial and temporal frequency. By contrast, AL and PM neurons responded best to distinct ranges of stimulus parameters. Most strikingly, AL neurons preferred fast-moving stimuli while PM neurons preferred slow-moving stimuli. By contrast, neurons in V1, AL, and PM demonstrated similar selectivity for stimulus orientation but not for stimulus direction. Based on these findings, we predict that area AL helps guide behaviors involving fast-moving stimuli (e.g., optic flow), while area PM helps guide behaviors involving slow-moving objects.
Acute paralytic syndrome in three American men : comparison with Chinese cases

• Objective. —To define clinically an unusual acute paralytic syndrome with features distinctive from those of the Guillain-Barre syndrome and similar to those described in Chinese children and young adults. Design. —Case series. Setting. —University medical centers. Patients. —Three North American men (mean age, 29 years) who presented with acute symmetric weakness and muscle cramps after a preceding gastrointestinal tract illness. These patients had no sensory symptoms, developed no respiratory insuffiency or facial weakness, and had normal to brisk muscle stretch reflexes. Results. —Results of serial nerve conduction studies were normal except for low-amplitude motor potentials. Needle electromyography revealed diffuse denervation potentials. Cerebrospinal fluid showed an elevated protein level and, in one case, a mild pleocytosis. A sural nerve biopsy specimen in one patient was normal; muscle biopsy specimens showed denervation atrophy. Conclusions. —These cases resemble those described in Chinese children and young adults and may represent a postviral monophasic process affecting the anterior horn cell or distal motor nerve terminal. Further pathologic correlation will be required to identify the exact site of the lesion. Differentiation is important when considering modes of treatment.
Some Effects of Errors of Measurement on Multiple Correlation

Abstract In many multiple correlation and regression studies the values of the variables are difficult to measure accurately. This paper attempts to discuss the effects of such errors of measurements on the squared multiple correlation coefficient. With independent errors and a multivariate normal model, the effect is very roughly that R 2 becomes reduced to about , where gy is the coefficient of reliability of y and is a weighted mean of the coefficients of reliability of the x's. If most intercorrelations among the true X's are detrimental to R 2, the value of R'2 may exceed by 10 percent to 20 percent. The situation in which errors are correlated with the true values and the effects of errors on the interpretation of regression coefficients are briefly discussed.
Photochemical reduction of pyridine nucleotides by spinach grana and coupled carbon dioxide fixation.

HIGHLY purified ‘malic’ enzyme from pigeon's liver1 mediates a fixation of carbon dioxide through catalysis of reaction (1). When, by coupling with a suitable dehydrogenase system, triphosphopyridine nucleotide is continuously reconverted to its reduced form, malate is readily synthesized from pyruvate and carbon dioxide2. Should illuminated chloroplast preparations be able to effect a reduction of pyridine nucleotides, then the photochemical reaction could be coupled to reductive carbon dioxide fixation by a well-defined enzyme system2,3. Such a mechanism might operate in photosynthesis. A ‘malic’ enzyme specific for triphosphopyridine nucleotide is present in the tissues of higher plants4.
Transgenic gpt+ V79 cell lines differ in their mutagenic response to clastogens

Abstract Several gpt + transgenic cell lines were derived from hprt − V79 cells to study mutagenesis mechanisms in mammalian cells. The G12 cell line was previously shown to be hypermutable by X-rays and UV at the gpt locus compared to the endogenous hprt gene of the parental V79 cells (Klein and Rossman, 1990), and is now shown to be highly mutable by the clastogenic anti-tumor agent bleomycin sulfate. A second trasgenic cell line G10, which has a different gpt insertion site, was studied in comparison with G12. Both G12 and G10 cell lines carry the stable gpt locus at a single integration site in the Chinese hamster genome, and neither spontaneously deletes the integrated gpt sequence at a high frequency. Although spontaneous mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance in G10 cells is 3–4 times higher than in G12 cells, the cell lines differ to a much greater extent when mutated by clastogens. In comparison to G12 cells, the gpt locus in G10 cells is up to 13 times more sensitive to bleomycin mutagenesis and 5 times more responsive to X-ray mutagenesis. In contrast, there is much less difference in UV-induced mutagenesis and no differences in mutagenesis induced by alkylating agents such as N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The dose-dependent decrease in survival of the transgenic cells is the same for all mutagens tested, and does not differ from that of V79 cells. Neither transgenic cell line is generally hypermutable, since mutagenesis at an endogenous gene, Na + K + /ATPase, is similar to that of the parental V79 cell line. Although both cell lines can be induced to delete the transgene following clastogen exposure, deletions are not the only recovered mutations, and the cell lines can also be used to study mutations within the PCR recoverable gpt gene. The utility of these transgenic cells to investigate genome position effects related to mammalian mutagenesis mechanisms is discussed.
Moral Absurdities in Critical Care Medicine: Commentary on a Parable

The foregoing tale of EmergiMedVan may serve as a parable for the burgeoning moral world of critical-care medicine. While that narrative embodies the main points that I want to express, I would like to add a postscript that suggests more explicitly the themes and agenda for moral choices in critical-care medicine.
Low-output, low-gradient aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular systolic function: the clinical utility of the dobutamine challenge in the catheterization laboratory☆

Background— Although aortic valve replacement can be performed at an acceptable risk level in selected patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and low-output, low-gradient aortic stenosis, not all patients presenting with these hemodynamics will benefit from the operation. Some patients may have only mild aortic stenosis, despite a small calculated valve area. We report on the clinical utility of diagnostic dobutamine stimulation during cardiac catheterization in these diagnostically challenging patients. Methods and Results— Thirty-two patients with low-output, low-gradient aortic stenosis and an ejection fraction 30 mm Hg were found to have severe calcific aortic stenosis at operation. In the 15 patients in whom contractile res...
Physiologic Correlates of Airway Collapse in Chronic Airflow Obstruction

Forty percent of 89 patients with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) demonstrated maximum expiration flow-volume (MEFV) patterns consistent with sudden collapse or marked narrowing of large central airways. In contrast, 43 percent of the CAO patients demonstrated a curvilinear (C) pattern; the remainder (17 percent) were intermediate. Volume displacement plethysmography indicated that the airway collapse (AC) pattern was influenced by, but was not solely, a gas compression artifact. Airway collapse patients had more obstruction and hyperinflation than C patients and also had decreased diffusing capacity, absence of density dependence, reduced lung recoil, and no effort dependence of airflow. Bronchodilator administration in AC patients typically produced large reduction of residual volume and increase of vital capacity, with a smaller increase of airflow. These data suggest that AC patients have significant, partially reversible peripheral airways obstruction plus emphysema. Possible determinants of AC include reduced central airway support, increased peripheral resistance, loss of lung recoil, and increased pleural pressures during forced expiration. The MEFV contour appears to evolve from normal to curvilinear to the AC pattern as the severity of airflow obstruction worsens.
Spin-dependent tunneling from clean and oxidized Co surfaces

Abstract Transmission through a sufficiently thick vacuum barrier is factorized in the product of two “surface transmission functions” and a vacuum decay factor. Based on this factorization, we study the spin polarization of the tunneling current from clean and oxidized (1 1 1) FCC Co surfaces through vacuum into Al. The conductance is calculated using the principal-layer Green's function approach within the tight-binding LMTO scheme. We find that for typical vacuum barrier thicknesses the tunneling current from the clean surface is dominated by minority-spin electrons. A monolayer of oxygen on top of the surface completely changes the shape of k || -resolved transmission and makes the tunneling current almost 100% majority-spin polarized.
Two-dimensional transient wave-propagation problems by time-domain BEM

Abstract In this paper, an advanced formulation of time-domain Boundary Element Method (BEM) for linear elastodynamics is used to study a number of problems involving wave propagation through half-space as well as multi-layered soils. The algorithm incorporates isoparametric quadratic elements which facilitate proper modelling of problem geometry and can represent the field variables in dynamic problems very accurately, which are very often wavy in nature. Also higher order temporal variation of functions is introduced. Improved techniques are employed for the accurate evaluation of both the singular and non-singular spatial integrals. Most importantly, this formulation incorporates simpler and better behaved kernels compared to those that have appeared in the recent BEM literature by the present and other previous researchers. With all these new and efficient features the present formulation is superior to the existing ones and as such represents a very effective tool for solving 2D transient wave propagation problems, especially in infinite and semi-infinite domains where other numerical methods have considerable difficulty in producing accurate solutions.
Understanding Sustainability Innovations Through Positive Ethical Networks.

In this paper, a positive organizational ethics (POE)-based framework is informed by the microfinance and socially responsible investing movements to capture the process of sustainable financial innovations. Both of these movements are uniquely characterized by the formation of positive ethical networks (PENs) to develop sustainability innovations in response to external crises. The crisis–PEN–innovation framework proposed makes four contributions to the POE literature: (1) positions corporate sustainability through a POE lens; (2) formalizes the PEN construction through POE theory; (3) proposes PENs are mobilized to respond to external crises; and (4) demonstrates how PENs facilitate sustainability innovations. The theoretical framework is tested using theory-guided process tracing in the sustainable banking sector to understand how sustainability innovations were realized. The findings are consistent with the crisis–PEN–innovation framework proposed.
In Vitro Metabolism of 4-Androstene-3,17-Dione by Human Submaxillary Gland Homogenates

Tritiated 4-androstene-3,17-dione was incubated with human submaxillary gland homogenates. In 180-minute incubations, human submaxillary gland converted 4-androstene-3,17-dione predominately to testosterone and to a lesser extent, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol and androsterone.
Using Computers to Improve the Psychosocial Care of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Recipients

Person-to-person psychosocial interventions (e.g., psychological, social) enhance the well-being of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) patients. Computerized care, though, represents an opportunity to further capitalize on techniques that have already been deemed effective. This includes the provision of tailored, effective patient education; reducing device-specific anxiety; and enhancing social support networks. The aim of this paper is to identify the ways in which computerized psychosocial care could potentially enhance the well-being of ICD recipients. For example, computers may be particularly adept at providing patient education due to the ease in which content can be adapted to meet patient needs. Further, evidenced-based treatments for anxiety and depression (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) have demonstrated good applicability to computerized formats. Social support can also be provided online in the form of bulletin boards, email list-servs, or structured online support groups. Despite the existence of some limitations, the use of computers in affecting psychosocial outcomes in implantable defibrillator recipients warrants greater attention.
Monitoring clean room air using cuscore charts

In many process monitoring situations where the data are collected over time, the measurements tend to be autocorrelated. In those cases one can fit a time series model to the data to account for the autocorrelation. Once a model has been fitted, it can be used to predict the behaviour of the process, and the residuals can be used to monitor the process using e.g., a Shewhart or Cusum chart. Two issues that are often overlooked when fitting time series models and using the residuals for process monitoring are (i) the validity of the underlying assumption that the time series model fitted to the data will also fit future observations reasonably well, and (ii) that its parameters will remain fairly constant. Either of these assumptions, or both, might not hold, which in turn will affect the performance of the monitoring scheme. In this paper we show how Cuscore charts can be used to check these assumptions by detecting changes in the parameters of an integrated moving average (IMA) model used to monitor the air quality in a clean room environment. The Cuscore can also be effectively used to detect non-stationarily in time series data as well as departures from a state of statistical control.
Upper bounds onT c for one-dimensional Ising systems

We present upper bounds on the critical temperature of one-dimensional Ising models with long-range,l/nα interactions, where 1<α≦2. In particular for the often studied case of α=2 we have an upper bound onTc which is less than theTc found by a number of approximation techniques. Also for the case where α is small, such as α=1.1, we obtain rigorous bounds which are extremely close, within 1.0%, to those found by approximation methods.
Robust image transmission using variable QoS joint source-modulation coding

In this paper, we present an optimal, low-complexity method of transmitting digitally compressed imagery through interference-dominated and frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed method combines a wavelet-based image coder that employs phase scrambling and variable quality-of-service (VQoS) trellis-coded quantization (TCQ), and VQoS multi carrier (MC) power allocation across the channel. Optimal image quality is achieved through a joint iterative process between the image coder and MC allocation algorithm. Using our VQoS allocation method, we show that the image quality can be improved significantly, as compared to an approach that uses an arbitrary fixed joint QoS-modulation allocation across the channel. Further, this improvement extends to a variety of channels, including those that exhibit jamming interference and frequency-selective fading. The method is also shown to be computationally efficient.
Principal component analysis in construction of 3D human knee joint models using a statistical shape model method

The statistical shape model (SSM) method that uses 2D images of the knee joint to predict the three-dimensional (3D) joint surface model has been reported in the literature. In this study, we constructed a SSM database using 152 human computed tomography (CT) knee joint models, including the femur, tibia and patella and analysed the characteristics of each principal component of the SSM. The surface models of two in vivo knees were predicted using the SSM and their 2D bi-plane fluoroscopic images. The predicted models were compared to their CT joint models. The differences between the predicted 3D knee joint surfaces and the CT image-based surfaces were 0.30 ± 0.81 mm, 0.34 ± 0.79 mm and 0.36 ± 0.59 mm for the femur, tibia and patella, respectively (average ± standard deviation). The computational time for each bone of the knee joint was within 30 s using a personal computer. The analysis of this study indicated that the SSM method could be a useful tool to construct 3D surface models of the knee with sub...
Can This Orthodoxy Be Saved? Enhancing the Usefulness of Collection Plans in the Digital Environment

SUMMARY This chapter discusses collection plans in the context of the current information environment with its mix of formats and its accelerated migration towards digital resources; and identifies problems with regard to the development of useful plans. The authors present the results of an informal mailing list survey of collection development and electronic resources (ER) librarians; questions pertain to collection plans and, also, to professional preparation and continuing education, patterns of collaboration, and additional topics related to the work of the plan and management of collections that include digital resources. The authors provide suggestions for the improvement of the long-term value and immediate usefulness of collection plans in the digital environment and speculate about the qualities of the individuals who might bring about these changes.
The acquisitions allocation formula at Ohio University

Abstract The allocations formula at Ohio University has guided the allocation of increased acquisitions funding to academic disciplines since 1979. It is derived from a 50-50 division between supply (the cost of materials within a particular academic area) and demand (circulation, interlibrary loan borrowing, student enrollments, and faculty). The use and rationale for a formula are generally described, accompanied by a history of the development and revision of such a formula at one institution. Highlighting intra-institutional politics, the formula has channeled faculty dissatisfactions away from complaints about the funding level for one discipline vis-a-vis another to a concern for increasing the overall acquisitions budget.
Ketorolac-Induced Acute Renal Failure and Hyperkalemia: Report of Three Cases

Ketorolac tromethamine (Toradol, Syntex Laboratories Inc, Palo Alto, CA) is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used in emergency departments and during the postoperative period because of its potent analgesic effects and lack of central nervous system activities. We present three new cases of acute renal failure and hyperkalemia secondary to ketorolac. All patients had at least one risk factor making them prone to the development of acute renal failure secondary to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In all patients, acute renal failure developed after a moderate dose of ketorolac was administered for the management of postsurgical pain. Acute renal failure and hyperkalemia were transient, and improved after discontinuation of ketorolac treatment.
Racial disparities in an aging population: The relationship between age and race in the management of African American men with high-risk prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the relationship between age and race on the receipt of definitive therapy among men with high-risk prostate cancer (CaP). Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program to identify 62,644 men with high-risk CaP (PSA >20 or Gleason 8–10 or stage ≥cT3a) diagnosed from 2004 to 2010. Multivariable logistic regression analysis modeled the interaction between age and race and its association with receipt of definitive therapy on 57,674 patients (47,879 white men; 9,795 African American [AA] men) with complete data on the covariates of interest. Results Among men age ≥70, AA men had a higher risk of CaP-specific mortality (PCSM) compared to white men after adjusting for sociodemographic and prostate cancer-specific factors (Adjusted HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02–1.38; P =0.02). Nevertheless, a significant interaction between race and age was found ( P interaction =0.01), such that the adjusted odds of receiving definitive treatment for AA vs. white was 0.67 (95% CI 0.62–0.73; P P Conclusion AA men with high-risk CaP are less likely to receive definitive therapy than white men. This disparity is significantly larger among men age ≥70, despite excess PCSM among AA men in this group. With a rapidly expanding population of older minority men, this disparity should be urgently addressed to prevent increasing disparities in cancer care.
Treatment with recombinant granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (FilgrastinTM) stimulates neutrophils and tissue macrophages and induces an effective non‐specific response against Mycobacterium avium in mice

A role of neutrophils in the host response against Mycobacterium avium (MAC) has recently been suggested. To investigate this matter further, we determined the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the outcome of MAC infection in mice. C57BL/6bg+/bg- black mice were intravenously infected with 1 x 10(7) MAC and then divided into four experimental groups to receive G-CSF as follows: (i) 10 micrograms/kg/day; (ii) 50 micrograms/kg/day; (iii) 100 micrograms/kg/day; (iv) placebo control. Mice were killed at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment to determine the bacterial load of liver and spleen. Treatment with G-CSF at both 10 and 50 micrograms/kg/day doses significantly decreased the number of viable bacteria in liver and spleen after 2 weeks (approximately 70.5% and 69.0%, respectively), and after 4 weeks (approximately 53% and 52%, respectively, P < 0.05 compared with placebo control). Treatment with 100 micrograms/kg/day did not result in decrease of bacterial colony-forming units in the liver and spleen after 4 weeks. Administration of G-CSF induced interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 production by splenocytes. To examine if the protective effect of G-CSF was accompanied by the activation of phagocytic cells, blood neutrophils and splenic macrophages were purified from mice receiving G-CSF and their ability to kill MAC was examined ex vivo. Neutrophils and macrophages from G-CSF-treated mice were able to inhibit the growth of or to kill MAC ex vivo, while phagocytic cells from untreated control mice had no anti-MAC effect. These results suggest that activation of neutrophils appears to induce an effective non-specific host defence against MAC, and further studies should aim for better understanding of the mechanisms of protection.
Arsenic exposure in children living near a former copper smelter.

About 10,000 people live in communities surrounding the former copper smelter at Anaconda, Montana. Most of these people live in the town of Anaconda, which is generally upwind of the smelter. The smelter ceased operations in 1980, after almost a century of ore processing. Soil and dust on the smelter site and in the vicinity remain contaminated with arsenic, although at this time air and drinking water arsenic levels are not elevated. Results of soil and dust sampling for arsenic in the communities around the smelter are reported. In the town of Anaconda, surface soil arsenic levels from residential sites have averaged around 100 ppm or greater. Young children are generally believed to be the population with the most nonoccupational exposure to soil. Several models of exposure to environmental arsenic in the Anaconda area have predicted that children living in all communities surrounding the smelter would be having significant and measurable exposure to arsenic. Two exposures surveys, conducted while the smelter was operative, demonstrated that excess exposure to arsenic was occurring in young children. Until the present surveys, no exposure data had been collected since the smelter was closed.
Phenomenological aspects of new gravitational forces. IV. New terrestrial experiments

We use the formalism of spin-1 (graviphoton) and spin-0 (graviscalar) partners of the graviton developed in this series to analyze four terrestrial experiments. This analysis is aided by the results of Stacey, Tuck, and Moore of Australian mine data, which allow interaction ranges up to 450 km. We find that an anomalous result of order 10% could occur for the gravitational acceleration of antimatter. Such ranges could also explain the apparently contradictory results of the Brookhaven and Washington Eoetvoes experiments in terms of the local geology. In the appendixes we rule out two other possibilities. The first would perform a gravity measurement inside a spherical shell: a ''Gauss's law'' test. The second would be a new rotating-disk Cavendish experiment.
A simple moder for estimating the ice content of freezing ectotherms

Abstract 1. 1.Although body ice content is an important variable affecting freeze tolerance, present calorimetric methods for its measurement necessarily require the termination of a freezing protocol. 2. 2.A simple iterative model, based on the colligative properties of solutions and requiring precise measurements of only equilibrium freezing point (of the unfrozen organism) and of core body temperature, allows estimation of the percentage of body water frozen at any time during a freezing episode. 3. 3.This model can also predict the lethal temperature for a freezing ectotherm, assuming that death occurs due to osmotic dehydration when 67% (of any other known lethal fraction) of the body water is frozen. 4. 4.The basic model is easily extended to evaluate the effects of variables such as: body mass, initial body water content, initial osmotic concentration, and test chamber microenvironment. 5. 5.This model is not intended to supplant existing more exact biophysical models of freezing kinetics. Rather it is proposed as a first approximation which is generally supported by published data and which should be of significant practical value for investigators of freeze tolerant organisms.
The Ontogeny of Nasal Chemical Senses in Garter Snakes

The development of the nasal chemical senses of reptiles is of particular interest since evidence suggests that neonatal reptiles use both their olfactory and vomeronasal systems. This review focuses on the embryonic development of these nasal chemosensory systems in garter snakes (Thamnophis spp.). Three approaches have been used to examine development: (1) Normal morphological studies, (2) 3H-thymidine autoradiographic studies, and (3) metabolic mapping of the accessory and main olfactory bulbs with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. In addition, garter snake embryos have been grown in vitro to facilitate experimental procedures. The results of these studies show that reptiles are a rich and diverse group for investigating the developmental processes that form the neurobiological basis for naturally occurring chemosensory-mediated behaviors.
Pathways to Affective Accountability: Selecting, Locating, and Using Children's Books in Elementary School Classrooms

The current accountability movement has focused on academic achievement but has circumvented issues of motivation and authentic reading materials. Many educators have challenged this direction of the reading curriculum, particularly criticizing the narrowing of the curriculum, the continued focus of teaching to the tests, the overemphasis on narrowly defined “scientific” research, and the limited use of children's books in teaching and learning. Collaborative action research conducted by the authors and the faculty of an urban elementary school confirmed that teachers were pressured by high-stakes testing and were restricted by the lack of time—yet they continued to value children's literature. However, the teachers reported that they limited instruction to only those books that were in their classrooms, and were uncertain how and where to find additional appropriate books. Professional development in the selection, location, and use of children's literature reacquainted the teachers with the joy of children's literature and instructional implications. Based upon these findings, the authors present suggestions for classroom teachers within the context of affective accountability, a process that extends effective teaching to include motivation, enjoyment, accomplishment, and self-worth, and offers an instructional plan that honors all children's right to excellent reading instruction.
The determination of the orientation of cubic crystals from measured sound velocities

It is shown that the direction cosines of a given direction in a cubic crystal can be obtained from the sound velocity measurements if the elastic constants for that crystal are known. Es wird gezeigt, das die Richtungscosinus einer gegebenen Richtung in einem kubischen Kristall aus Schallgeschwindigkeitsmessungen erhalten werden konnen, wenn die elastischen Konstanten fur den Kristall bekannt sind.
Specification, Validation, and Enforcement of a Generalized Spatio-Temporal Role-Based Access Control Model

With the advent of wireless and mobile devices, many new applications are being developed that make use of the spatio-temporal information of a user to provide better functionality. Such applications also necessitate sophisticated authorization models where access to a resource depends on the credentials of the user and also on the location and time of access. Consequently, researchers have extended the traditional access control models, such as role-based access control, to provide spatio-temporal access control. We improve upon these models by providing additional features that allow us to express constraints that were not possible until now. We express our model using the unified modeling language (UML) and the object constraint language that are the de facto specification languages used by the industry. Our model has numerous features that interact in subtle ways. To this end, we show how the UML-based specification environment tool can be used to analyze the spatiotemporal access control model of an application. We propose an architecture for enforcing our model and provide a protocol that demonstrates how access control can be granted and revoked in our approach. We also develop a prototype of this architecture to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.
Catecholamine inhibition of prolactin secretion by isolated rat adenohypophyses.

Rat adenohypophyses were incubated in medium 199 containing l-14C-glycine or a Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution with glucose and a mixture of essential and non-essential amino acids. Dialyzed medium and anterior pituitary homogenates were elect rophoresed on polyacrylamide gel. After staining with Amido Black, the growth hormone and prolactin bands were quantified by microdensitometry and cut from the gel column for measurement of radioactivity. Growth hormone and prolactin contained in the medium were also measured by radioimmunoassay techniques. Epinephrine and norepinephrine inhibited prolactin release into the medium and this was associated with a proportionate rise in anterior pituitary prolactin. The catecholamines decreased total radioactive glycine incorporated into medium and pituitary prolactin but after 4 hr of incubation this decrease was not statistically significant. Inhibition of prolactin release occurred with concentrations of .5 μg/ml or greater of norepinephrine, and 1 μg/ml or greater...
The Effects of Severe Zinc Deficiency on Intestinal Permeability: An Ultrastructural Study

ABSTRACT: Evidence suggests that intestinal transport of water and electrolytes may be altered in zinc deficiency. We examined the structural features of intestinal epithelial cells of zinc-deficient rats using electron microscopy and assessed the integrity of the junctional complexes using a heavy metal tracer, lanthanum hydroxide. The absorptive cells, as well as Paneth cells and chromaffin cells, were not found to have ultrastructural changes of a consistent nature in zinc deficiency. Moreover, the integrity of the junctional complexes was found to be preserved. These findings suggest that the abnormalities in intestinal transport previously reported are not secondary to increased tight junction permeability in zinc deficiency.
Management of Nonlinearity, Gain and Third Order Dispersion in High Energy Yb-doped Fiber Amplifiers

Amplification in the presence of strong self-phase-modulation (ΦNL~12π), finite gain bandwidth (δλfwhm~15 nm) and third-order dispersion is studied numerically and experimentally. Pulses amplified to 30 μJ energy in Yb-doped fiber are dechirped to 240 fs duration.
The MRL/lpr Mouse Strain as a Model for Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

To date, CNS disease and neuropsychiatric symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE) have been understudied compared to end-organ failure and peripheral pathology. In this review, we focus on a specific mouse model of lupus and the ways in which this model reflects some of the most common manifestations and potential mechanisms of human NP-SLE. The mouse MRL lymphoproliferation strain (a.k.a. MRL/lpr) spontaneously develops the hallmark serological markers and peripheral pathologies typifying lupus in addition to displaying the cognitive and affective dysfunction characteristic of NP-SLE, which may be among the earliest symptoms of lupus. We suggest that although NP-SLE may share common mechanisms with peripheral organ pathology in lupus, especially in the latter stages of the disease, the immunologically privileged nature of the CNS indicates that early manifestations of particularly mood disorders maybe derived from some unique mechanisms. These include altered cytokine profiles that can activate astrocytes, microglia, and alter neuronal function before dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier and development of clinical autoantibody titres.
Control of the Yeast Cell Cycle with a Photocleavable α‐Factor Analogue

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used as a model organism for studying many biological processes and systems, particularly for understanding the cell cycle. The yeast peptide pheromone α-factor (WHWLQLKPGQPMY) activates the mating pathway in MATa cells, arresting the cell cycle in the G1 phase. This arrest is used as a tool for synchronizing yeast cultures and for investigating signaling events involved in the pathway and other processes related to morphogenesis and transcription. Herein we report the synthesis and activity of an α-factor analogue designed to control the on/off state of the mating signal. Incorporating a photocleavable residue at a flexible site in the peptide allowed UV degradation in situ to mimic the natural protease degradation of this signaling peptide. The control over the α-factor signal achieved serves as proof of concept for use of this analogue as a tool. It also and allows access to previously impractical experiments that will yield highly time-resolved information about the yeast cell cycle and mating pathway.
Severe symptomatic sinus bradycardia associated with mesalamine use

A 29-yr-old white woman was hospitalized with bloody diarrhea secondary to ulcerative colitis. Within 24 h of receiving intravenous steroids, loperamide, and mesalamine, she developed symptomatic hypotension, severe sinus bradycardia, sinus pauses, and junctional escape beats. The hypotension and sinus bradycardia resolved after discontinuing mesalamine. She had a family history of conduction tissue disease but her exercise ECG and Holter studies were normal. She was rehospitalized 6 wk later with an exacerbation of ulcerative colitis and, within 8 h of receiving mesalamine, developed hypotension and severe sinus bradycardia, which resolved after stopping mesalamine. Thus mesalamine should be used with caution, especially in patients predisposed to cardiac conduction tissue disease.