cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pelleting the Layer Ration on Egg Size in Early-Housed Brown-Egg-Type Layers

Abstract Harco Sex-Link pullets (n=360) were reared in cages and given a 15% protein grower ration. At 17 weeks of age, half the birds were transferred to laying cages and the photoperiod was increased to 13 hr for the first week and to 15 hr thereafter. The remaining birds were continued in the growing facility on 8 hr of light until 19 weeks when lights were increased to 13 hr daily. These birds were transferred to the laying cages at 20 weeks of age where they received 15 hr of light. At 2% production, all birds were fed a 17% protein layer diet in either a mash or pelleted form. Neither egg production nor feed efficiency was affected by age at housing or the physical form of the ration. Early-lighted pullets produced a greater percentage of small and medium-sized eggs. Egg size distribution was not affected by the physical form of the ration.
Curriculum theory is many things to many people

(1982). Curriculum theory is many things to many people. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 21, Curriculum Theory, pp. 62-65.
Globalization and Regional Economic Development: A Note on Bangalore City

Most countries in the world have embraced globalization and information and communication technology (ICT) as tools for economic development. However, there are many factors that need to be considered when evaluating the impact of ICT and globalization on local economic development. In this paper, we develop an integrated framework that provides an explanation for the new relationships between ICT use for global needs (such as outsourcing), local ICT use, economic development and disparities, and we illustrate these developments using a case study of Bangalore, India.JEL Classification: R11, O14, O18
Two neurocognitive mechanisms of semantic integration during the comprehension of visual real-world events

How do comprehenders build up overall meaning representations of visual real-world events? This question was examined by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants viewed short, silent movie clips depicting everyday events. In two experiments, it was demonstrated that presentation of the contextually inappropriate information in the movie endings evoked an anterior negativity. This effect was similar to the N400 component whose amplitude has been previously reported to inversely correlate with the strength of semantic relationship between the context and the eliciting stimulus in word and static picture paradigms. However, a second, somewhat later, ERP component---a posterior late positivity---was evoked specifically when target objects presented in the movie endings violated goal-related requirements of the action constrained by the scenario context (e.g., an electric iron that does not have a sharp-enough edge was used in place of a knife in a cutting bread scenario context). These findings suggest that comprehension of the visual real world might be mediated by two neurophysiologically distinct semantic integration mechanisms. The first mechanism, reflected by the anterior N400-like negativity, maps the incoming information onto the connections of various strengths between concepts in semantic memory. The second mechanism, reflected by the posterior late positivity, evaluates the incoming information against the discrete requirements of real-world actions. We suggest that there may be a tradeoff between these mechanisms in their utility for integrating across people, objects, and actions during event comprehension, in which the first mechanism is better suited for familiar situations, and the second mechanism is better suited for novel situations.
A gradient-augmented level set method with an optimally local, coherent advection scheme

The level set approach represents surfaces implicitly, and advects them by evolving a level set function, which is numerically defined on an Eulerian grid. Here we present an approach that augments the level set function values by gradient information, and evolves both quantities in a fully coupled fashion. This maintains the coherence between function values and derivatives, while exploiting the extra information carried by the derivatives. The method is of comparable quality to WENO schemes, but with optimally local stencils (performing updates in time by using information from only a single adjacent grid cell). In addition, structures smaller than the grid size can be located and tracked, and the extra derivative information can be employed to obtain simple and accurate approximations to the curvature. We analyze the accuracy and the stability of the new scheme, and perform benchmark tests.
Analogues of the Gamma Function

The first 14 sections of Chapter 8 comprise but 41/2 of the 12 pages in this chapter. Initial results are concerned with partial sums of the harmonic series and the logarithmic derivative ψ(x) of the gamma function. As might be expected, most of these results are very familiar. Ramanujan actually does not express his formulas in terms of ψ(x) but instead in terms of \(\varphi \left( x \right) = \sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^x {1/k.} \). As in Chapter 6, Ramanujan really intends ϕ(x) to be interpreted as ϕ(x + 1) + γ, for all real x, where γ denotes Euler’s constant. These 14 sections also contain several evaluations of elementary integrals of rational functions. Certain of these integrals are connected with an interesting series \(\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^\infty {1/\left\{ {{{\left( {kx} \right)}^3} - kx} \right\},} \), which Ramanujan also examined in Chapter 2.
Bleeding management for pediatric craniotomies and craniofacial surgery

Pediatric patients when undergoing craniotomies and craniofacial surgery may potentially have significant blood loss. The amount and extent will be dictated by the nature of the surgical procedure, the proximity to major blood vessels, and the age, and weight of the patient. The goals should be to maintain hemodynamic stability and oxygen carrying capacity and to prevent and treat hyperfibrinolysis and dilutional coagulopathy. Over transfusion and transfusion-related side effects should be minimized. This article will highlight the pertinent considerations for managing massive blood loss in pediatric patients undergoing craniotomies and craniofacial surgery. North American and European guidelines for intraoperative administration of fluid and blood products will be discussed.
Impact of New-Generation Parenteral Lipid Emulsions in Pediatric Nutrition

Advancements in the care of premature infants and infants with severe bowel disease have occurred in which long-term use of i.v. nutrition is a cornerstone of successful therapy. Concern about the role of i.v. lipid emulsions in causing severe liver damage to high-risk infants receiving long-term i.v. nutrition has led to a variety of intervention strategies. These have had relatively limited success until the recent introduction of omega-3 (n–3) fatty acid-containing forms of lipid emulsions in place of the current omega-6 fatty acid-predominant lipid emulsions currently exclusively used in the United States. Preliminary data based on nonrandomized trials performed using compassionate-use protocols in the United States suggest very high rates of resolution of cholestasis with the use of an omega-3 fatty acid-predominant lipid emulsion. This result is supported by animal models of liver disease that demonstrate decreased liver damage when animals are provided omega-3 fatty acid-containing lipid emulsions compared with those primarily omega-6 fatty acid based. However, human trials are limited at this time and further research is needed to establish the best approach to preventing liver damage in infants receiving i.v. nutrition and the optimal dose and timing of intervention with novel lipid emulsions.
Role of methylation on the thermochemistry of alkali metal cation complexes of amino acids: N-methyl proline

Abstract Quantitative thermodynamic information is obtained from the study of the gas-phase interactions of the alkali metal cation complexes of N-methyl proline (NMP) with Xe using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer (GIBMS). Absolute bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, and Rb+ to NMP are determined experimentally from threshold collision-induced dissociation (TCID) measurements of the M+(NMP) complexes. Analysis of their kinetic energy cross sections provide the 0 K bond enthalpies after accounting for unimolecular decay rates, internal energy of reactant ions, and multiple ion-molecule collisions. Quantum chemical calculations of the M+(NMP) BDEs are found to be in good agreement with the experimental values, establishing that the zwitterionic form is the lowest energy structure for all the metal ion complexes. Compared to M+(Pro) BDEs, the metal binding in these zwitterions is slightly enhanced by the CH3 group on the ring nitrogen, presumably a result of an inductive effect and its higher polarizability. More profound consequences of the methyl group emerge in the charge-solvated conformers calculated for M+(NMP) where it directs multiple conformations of the pyrrolidine ring. This is unlike the ring puckering phenomenon seen in M+(Pro) complexes, where fewer conformations are found, apparently because inversion at the nitrogen center is more facile.
Assessing and Compensating for Zero-Lag Correlation Effects in Time-Lagged Granger Causality Analysis of fMRI

Effective connectivity in brain networks can be studied using Granger causality analysis, which is based on temporal precedence, while functional connectivity is usually derived using zero-lag correlation. Due to the smoothing of the neuronal activity by the hemodynamic response inherent in the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition process, Granger causality, as normally computed from fMRI data, may be contaminated by zero-lag correlation. Simulations performed in this paper showed that the zero-lag correlation does “leak” into estimates of time-lagged causality. To eliminate this leak, we introduce a method in which the zero-lag influences are explicitly modeled in the vector autoregressive model but omitted while calculating Granger causality. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated using fMRI data obtained from healthy humans performing a verbal working memory task.
Irreversible intrapulmonary vascular changes after pulmonary vein stenosis complicating catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background Pulmonary vein stenosis is a recognized complication of catheter ablation of arrhythmias emanating from the pulmonary vein; however, there is little information on secondary effects of pulmonary vein stenosis on lung tissue. Methods and results A 55-year-old man with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic medication had radiofrequency ablation in April 2003 and July 2003. Although these procedures were successful in resolving the patient's arrhythmia, they were complicated by the development of pulmonary vein stenosis of all four veins and pulmonary hypertension requiring patch annuloplasty of the pulmonary veins in October 2003. The patient was referred to our center for pulmonary vein stent placement in December 2003, June 2004, and August 2004, each time for recurrent hemoptysis. Due to persistent hemoptysis over the next several months, the patient underwent left lower lung lobectomy in September 2005. Microscopic examination of the lung showed marked medial thickening and intimal hyperplasia of large and small pulmonary veins and arteries, as well as focal organizing thrombi in the small arteries. The lung tissue showed extensive hemosiderin deposition indicative of prior hemorrhage. Conclusion Chronic pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation results in irreversible venous and arterial morphologic changes throughout the lung, including areas both close to, and remote from, the site of catheter ablation. Because there are persistent pathological changes remote from the ablation site causing the pulmonary hypertension, stenting the site of ablation to reopen large pulmonary veins may not be effective in treating the pulmonary hypertension.
Console video games and global corporations Creating a hybrid culture

This article argues that the contemporary console video game industry is a hybrid encompassing a mixture of Japanese and American businesses and (more importantly) cultures to a degree unseen in other media industries, especially in regard to US popular culture. The particularities of the video game industry and culture can be recognized in the transnational corporations that contribute to its formation and development; in the global audience for its products; and in the complex mixing of format, style and content within games. As an exemplar of this process, the Japanese game publisher Square Enix is the focus of this case study, as it has been successful in contributing to global culture as well as to the digital games industry through its glocal methods. That achievement by a non-Western corporation is indicative of the hybridization of the digital games industry, and it is examined here as one indicator of the complexities and challenges, as well as future potentials, of global media culture.
A Review of Head-Worn Display Research at NASA Langley Research Center

NASA Langley has conducted research in the area of helmet-mounted/head-worn displays over the past 30 years. Initially, NASA Langley's research focused on military applications, but recently it has conducted a line of research in the area of head-worn displays for commercial and business aircraft. This work has revolved around numerous simulation experiments as well as flight tests to develop technology and data for industry and regulatory guidance. The paper summarizes the results of NASA's helmet-mounted/head-worn display research. Of note, the work tracks progress in wearable collimated optics, head tracking, latency reduction, and weight. The research lends credence that a small, sunglasses-type form factor of the head-worn display would be acceptable to commercial pilots, and this goal is now becoming technologically feasible. The research further suggests that a head-worn display may serve as an "equivalent" Head-Up Display (HUD) with safety, operational, and cost benefits. "HUD equivalence" appears to be the economic avenue by which head-worn displays can become main-stream on the commercial and business aircraft flight deck. If this happens, NASA's research suggests that additional operational benefits using the unique capabilities of the head-worn display can open up new operational paradigms.
Role of Surgery in Ovarian Carcinoma

Surgery plays a critical role in the optimal management of all stages of ovarian carcinoma. In apparent early-stage ovarian cancer, a comprehensive surgical evaluation allows stratification of patients into low- and high-risk categories. Low-risk patients may be candidates for fertility-sparing surgery and can safely avoid chemotherapy and be observed. Treatment of patients with high-risk early- or advanced-stage ovarian cancer usually requires a combined modality approach. Although it is well known that epithelial ovarian cancer is moderately chemosensitive, what distinguishes it most from other metastatic solid tumors is that surgical cytoreduction of tumor volume is highly correlated with prolongation of patient survival. Procedures such as radical pelvic surgery, bowel resection, and aggressive upper abdominal surgery are commonly required to achieve optimal cytoreduction. Women who develop recurrent disease may be eligible for a secondary cytoreductive surgery or may require a surgical intervention t...
Further study of grain boundary fracture in the breakage of single multiphase particles using X-ray microtomography procedures

Abstract The present work aims to verify the 3D quantitative analysis of grain boundary fracture in the breakage of single multiphase particles using X-ray microtomography. The breakage of single multiphase copper ore particles (6 mm cubic particles) by slow compression was examined. From XMT reconstructed images using the Marching Cube method, interfacial areas between copper mineral grains and host rock were determined for both parent particles and progeny particles. In this way, the specific interfacial area ratio was calculated as a metric for grain boundary fracture. Preferential grain boundary fracture only occurs at low energy dissipation rates and the current results confirm initial results for 3 mm cubes published previously by Garcia et al. (2009) .
A supernet: engineering traffic across network boundaries

Fourth generation networks lead to multiple distributed wireless networks, including cellular networks of different generations, frequencies and cell sizes; wireless LAN and PAN networks, and potentially satellite and other networks. Distributed operating systems has shown that distributing jobs across systems can lead to increased throughput, performance, modularity, survivability, and accessibility. Existing studies on hierarchical networks, integrated networks, and dual mode studies show how higher efficiency can be achieved by engineering traffic across networks. This study defines techniques that can be used to engineer traffic across networks, and reviews existing results for each method.
Feed intake, utilization, and the residual component in early‐ and late‐feathering broiler breeder dams

Summary Feed intake, feed efficiency, and residual feed consumption (RFC) were measured in broiler breeder females for 12 production periods of 28 days each. Experimental variables included 3 feeding regimens, 2 feed consistencies, and 2 sex-linked feathering genotypes. The habituation of broiler breeders to feed restriction did not inhibit expression of hyperphagia when released to ad libitum feed. Long term obesity, but not short term weight gain, was detrimental to broiler breeder performance. The late-feathering allele negatively influenced reproductive responses and feed utilization. Inconsistent quality of crumbles was associated with poorer performance both under ad libitum and restricted feeding regimens. There was considerable variation among groups of hens for RFC, associated with different genotypes and husbandry practices, suggesting that measurement of RFC may facilitate development of improved management guidelines. Zusammenfassung Futteraufnahme, -verwertung und Restfutterverzehr bei fruh und spatbefiedernden Mastmutterhennen Die Messungen erfolgten bei Mastmutterhennen uber 12 Produktionsperioden von je 28 Tagen. Versuchsvariable waren 3 Futterungsmethoden, 2 Futterarten und 2 geschlechtsgekoppelte Befiederungs-Genotypen. Die Anpassung der Masteltern an die Futterrestriktion hat Hyperphagie bei erneuter ad libitum Futterung nicht behindert. Langfristiger Fettwuchs, aber nicht kurzfristiger Gewichtszuwachs verschlechterten die Leistung der Mastelterntiere. Das Spatbefiederungsallel hat Reproduktionsleistung und Futterverwertung negativ beeinflust. Wechselnde Qualitat der Futterarten mit schlechterer Leistung sowohl bei ad libitum wie bei restringierter Futterung verbunden. Es existierte betrachtliche Variabiliat zwischen Hennengruppen hinsichtlich Restfutteraufnahme in Bezug auf unterschiedliche Genotypen und Haltungsmethoden, die vermuten lassen, das Erhebung der Restfutteraufnahme die Entwicklung verbesserter Management Richtlinien erleichtern wurde.
Preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic considerations for antibody–drug conjugates

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising therapeutic modality for the clinical management of cancer. Here we discuss the clinical pharmacology and safety of ADCs that are either approved or in late stages of clinical development. We have taken examples of ADCs employing either DNA damaging payloads (such as calicheamicin) or tubulin depolymerizing agents (such as auristatins and maytansinoids) to discuss the impact of dose and dosage intervals on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) and safety of ADCs. We also discuss the development of PK/PD models that were validated using preclinical and clinical data from two approved ADCs (ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1, Kadcyla™) and brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35, Adcetris™). These models could be used to predict clinical efficacious doses of ADCs.
Inhibition of heme oxygenase activity using a microparticle formulation of zinc protoporphyrin in an acute hemolytic newborn mouse model.

Increased bilirubin production due to hemolysis can lead to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Inhibition of heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, by metalloporphyrins (Mps) may be an ideal preventive strategy for neonatal hemolytic disease. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) is a naturally occurring Mp, potent, not phototoxic, with minimal HO-1 upregulation, but is not orally absorbed. Recently, we designed a lipid-based ZnPP formulation (ZnPP-Lipid), which is orally absorbed by newborn mice. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of ZnPP-Lipid in heme-loaded newborn mice, a model analogous to hemolytic infants. After 24 h of heme administration (30 µmol/kg s.c.), 4-d-old mice were given 30 µmol ZnPP-Lipid/kg via intragastric injections. After 3 h, liver and brain HO activity were measured. HO-1 upregulation was assessed by determinations of HO-1 protein, promoter activity, and mRNA by Western blot, in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and RT–PCR, respectively. After heme loading, liver HO activity significantly increased ~1.6-fold, which was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by ZnPP-Lipid. A dose of 30 µmol/kg returned activity to control levels. Brain HO activity was not inhibited. No significant increases in liver and brain HO-1 protein, promoter activity, and mRNA were observed. ZnPP-Lipid is effective and thus has potential for treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to hemolysis.
Another Approach to a Class of Slowly Diverging Series

(1986). Another Approach to a Class of Slowly Diverging Series. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 417-417.
Analysis of the pH Dependence of Folate Binding and Transport by Rat Kidney Brush Border Membrane Vesicles

Folate reabsorption by the mammalian kidney occurs following a tight binding reaction with the renal brush border membrane. Previous studies have shown that transport of folic acid (PteGlu) by rat kidney brush border membrane vesicles occurs maximally at pH 5.6 via a saturable system that is associated with a binding component. The present studies have shown that the pH dependency of transport was due to the development of the transmembrane pH gradient (7.3 in/5.6 out), not to the acidic pH per se. The pH gradient-mediated transport was stimulated by an inwardly directed ionic gradient, either of NaCl or choline chloride. These gradients also stimulated the membrane binding of PteGlu suggesting that NaCl and choline chloride may have increased PteGlu transport by altering binding to the brush border membrane. Renal brush border membrane vesicular transport of PteGlu was not affected by induction of a relatively positive intravesicular space. Transport was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene, an anion exchange inhibitor. The results suggest that rat kidney brush border membrane transport of PteGlu is initiated by association with a specific membrane protein, followed by transfer of folate across the membrane. The overall activity is influenced by a transmembrane pH gradient.
Absorption of Water by Liver Slices from “Physiological” Saline Solutions

SummaryRat liver slices absorb water at a rapid rate from “physiological” saline solutions. An appreciable uptake may be observed within one minute; within 10 minutes an amount of water equal to the dry weight of the tissue is usually absorbed. Conditions under which tissues may be maintained for long periods of time without significant change in water content, and may be sliced without contact with solutions are described.
Truncations in CCND1 mRNA 3′ UTR Alters microRNA Regulation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Abstract Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) represents only 5–10% of all non-Hodgkins lymphomas, making it an uncommon but difficult form of lymphoma to treat. It has a poor prognosis among the B cell lymphomas with median survival of three years. The genetic hallmark of MCL is the t(11,14) translocation causing amplification of cyclin D1 (CCND1), a known cell cycle regulator which is overexpressed in many other cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a new class of abundant small RNAs that play important regulatory roles at the post transcriptional level. They act by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs and block either their translation or initiate their degradation. Recent reports have shown truncations in the CCND1 3′ UTR occur in MCL and indicate a worse prognosis. We hypothesized that truncations in 3′ UTR of CCND1 alter it's regulation by microRNAs. Based on bioinformatics, we identified microRNA 16 with putative docking sites in the 3′UTR of CCND1. Mir-16 has been implicated as a cell cycle regulator. We identified 2 cell lines (Jeko-1 and Z138) with truncations in CCND1 3′ UTR and demonstrated increased CCND1 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR, increased protein expression by western blot, and higher proliferative potential by cell cycle. We prepared a reporter construct by ligating the full length 3′ UTR of CCND1 to GFP. We then co-transfected this construct with mimics of mir-16 into a cancer cell line and demonstrated downregulation of CCND1 protein expression by flow cytometry. In the MCL cell line Granta-519 with non-truncated CCND1, transfection with mimics of mir-16 deminstrated decreased expression of CCND1 mRNA. These studies suggest that the overexpression of CCDN1 In MCL may result from altered regulation of gene expression from loss of a miRNA regulatory site and may give new clues into the patho-biology of this disease and insights into possible new therapies.
Happiness, Life, Liberty (A Catholic View)

Happiness, life and liberty are central terms in the history of philosophy. At the same time, they belong to the core of Christianity. We find these key terms already in the New Testament and we also find that reflections on these terms have defined their meanings in new ways throughout the centuries. I show the way how the original meanings have gradually changed. In contemporary reflections, we find interesting attempts to reform the traditional meanings, in which the influence of the natural sciences and twentieth century philosophies (such as phenomenology, existentialism, Marxism and post-modernism) have proven to be decisive. Christianity-oriented philosophies in contemporary academia, such as those of Michel Henry or Jean-Luc Marion, offer versions of these thoughts. The main defect of the traditional understandings may be seen simply their isolationist approach, that is to say, their approach to consider these terms as unrelated to one another. My own solution finds the common structure in the reality of revelation and considers life, liberty, and happiness as moments only insufficiently grasped by traditional approaches.
Vulvovaginal Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Vulvovaginal chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an underrecognized complication of stem cell transplantation. Early recognition may prevent severe sequelae. Genital involvement is associated with oral, ocular, and skin manifestations. Treatment includes topical immunosuppression, dilator use, and adjuvant topical estrogen. Clinical and histologic features may mimic other inflammatory vulvar conditions. In the right clinical context, these findings are diagnostic of chronic GVHD. Female recipients of allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) are at higher risk of condylomas, cervical dysplasia, and neoplasia. The National Institutes of Health publishes guidelines for the diagnosis, grading, management, and supportive care for HCT patients by organ system.
‘I Know What Freedom and Responsibility Mean Now’: Narratives of Autonomous Adulthood among Korean Students in the USA

This article analyses narratives of autonomous adulthood among Korean international students at an American state university. I categorize student narratives in terms of the number of activities as...
Modernized tools for streamlined genetic manipulation of wild and diverse symbiotic bacteria

The capacity to associate symbiotic bacteria with vital aspects of plant and animal biology is outpacing our understanding of the mechanisms shaping these interactions. A major barrier to mechanistic studies is the paucity of tools for genetically manipulating wild and diverse bacterial isolates. Solving this problem is crucial to elucidating the cellular and molecular rules that govern symbiotic relationships and ultimately harnessing them for agricultural and biomedical applications. Therefore, we constructed a series of vectors that expedite genetic knock-in and knock-out procedures across a range of bacterial lineages. This was accomplished by developing strategies for domestication-free bacterial conjugation, designing plasmids with customizable features, and streamlining allelic exchange using visual markers of homologous recombination. These tools enabled a comparative study based on live imaging of diverse bacterial symbionts native to the zebrafish intestine, with which we discovered heterogeneous colonization patterns and a striking correlation between bacterial population biogeography and cellular behavior.
Contraception in women older than 40 years of age

Women older than 40 years have high rates of unwanted pregnancy and abortion and traditionally have had limited choices of contraception agents. In today's market, oral contraceptives should be considered as should IUDs in properly screened candidates. Sterilization is effective for the couple who knows that they will have no more children. Mechanical methods are effective if used when intercourse tends to be a planned event and infrequent. With the variety of agents available in today's market, there is no reason why the unwanted pregnancy rate and abortion rate of the women older than 40 should not be reduced dramatically.
High temperature acid-base reactions—II: Methylammonium chloride with certain metal oxides

Abstract The high temperature acid-base reactions between zinc (II), cadmium (II), cobalt (III), and magnesium (II) oxides and methylammonium chloride were investigated using the thermoanalytical techniques of TGA, DTA, GED, MSA, and reflectance spectroscopy, as well as by conventional chemical methods. Zinc (II) and cadmium (II) oxides were found to form the corresponding bis(methylamine)metal chloride and water. Cobalt (III) oxide was found to be reduced to cobalt (II) chloride, and magnesium (II) oxide was found to undergo the simple acid-base reaction to form magnesium (II) chloride.
The More Who Die, the Less We Care

A defining element of catastrophes is the magnitude of their harmful consequences. To help society prevent or mitigate damage from catastrophes, immense effort and technological sophistication are often employed to assess and communicate the size and scope of potential or actual losses. This effort assumes that people can understand the resulting numbers and act on them appropriately.However, recent behavioral research casts doubt on this fundamental assumption. Many people do not understand large numbers. Indeed, large numbers have been found to lack meaning and to be underweighted in decisions unless they convey affect (feeling). As a result, there is a paradox that rational models of decision making fail to represent. On the one hand, we respond strongly to aid a single individual in need. On the other hand, we often fail to prevent mass tragedies such as genocide or take appropriate measures to reduce potential losses from natural disasters. This might seem irrational but I think this occurs, in part, because as numbers get larger and larger, we become insensitive; numbers fail to trigger the emotion or feeling necessary to motivate action.I shall address this problem of insensitivity to mass tragedy by identifying certain circumstances in which it compromises the rationality of our actions and by pointing briefly to strategies that might lessen or overcome this problem.
Generator Bidding Strategies in a Competitive Electricity Market with Derating and Bid-Segment Considerations

This paper develops optimal generator bidding strategies in a competitive electricity market. Starting from a generator’s cost curve, basic bidding concepts such as the break-even bid curve and the maximum profit bid curve can be readily derived. The maximum profit bid curve can be extended to account for generator availability and derating. In addition, multiple-segment block energy bids can be optimized based on the maximum profit curve and the probabilistic distribution of market clearing prices.
Use and effectiveness of the Individual Development Plan among postdoctoral researchers: findings from a cross-sectional study

The individual development plan (IDP) is a career planning tool that aims to assist PhD trainees in self-assessing skills, exploring career paths, developing short- and long-term career goals, and creating action plans to achieve those goals. The National Institutes of Health and many academic institutions have created policies that mandate completion of the IDP by both graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. Despite these policies, little information exists regarding how widely the tool is used and whether it is useful to the career development of PhD trainees. Herein, we present data from a multi-institutional, online survey on the use and effectiveness of the IDP among a group of 183 postdoctoral researchers. The overall IDP completion rate was 54% and 38% of IDP users reported that the tool was helpful to their career development. Positive relationships with one's advisor, confidence regarding completing training, trainees' confidence about their post-training career, and a positive experience with institutional career development resources are associated with respondents' perception that the IDP is useful for their career development. We suggest that there is a need to further understand the nuanced use and effectiveness of the IDP in order to determine how to execute the use of the tool to maximize trainees' career development.
Abstract A34: Regulation of EGFR signaling by DRD1 in lung cancer

Dopamine (DA) signaling contributes to a variety of physiologic processes in the central nervous system (CNS), including voluntary movement, reward, sleep, attention, memory and learning. However, emerging work highlights the importance of the DA pathway in non CNS-related functions, including regulation of the cardiovascular, olfactory, endocrine, and immune systems. Recently, our group discovered and replicated an epidemiologic association between an SNP in the 3’ UTR of the DRD1 (dopamine receptor D1) gene and risk of developing lung cancer. Although dopamine mediates nicotine addiction, the association was also observed in never-smokers, suggesting that DRD1 may be directly involved in lung cancer pathogenesis. As there are sparse data regarding the DAP in normal lung, we initially characterized dopamine signaling (receptors, transporters, metabolizing enzymes, synthesis) in the proximal and distal regions of the normal lung. Our results show that the DAP, including DRD1, is expressed throughout the pulmonary system. In lung cancer, DRD1 expression is lost in a majority of cases—most likely due to aberrant methylation—such that patients with high expression have significantly better survival. We generated stable lung cancer cell lines harboring shRNA-mediated knockdown of DRD1 and stable DRD1 overexpression. Downregulation of DRD1 significantly increased cell proliferation as well as xenograft tumor formation, while overexpression of DRD1 led to a suppression of cell growth. Using transcriptome, kinome and phosphoproteome arrays, we also discovered that modulation of DRD1 expression specifically modulates EGFR phosphorylation and MAPK/ERK signaling. Moreover, confocal analyses show that DRD1 co-localizes with EGFR at the cell membrane, suggesting that this could be a direct interaction. Although DRD1 has been linked with regulation of inflammation, we have not find significant similar evidence in this study to date. Our work highlights a novel aspect of DRD1 singaling in the context of lung cancer and possibly normal pulmonary physiology. This study could lead to the identification of novel oncotargets, biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for tumors involving EGFR signaling or mutations in lung cancer. These data also contribute to a preclinical rationale for repositioning FDA-approved antidepressants as adjunct therapeutics with chemotherapy and may have significant translational impact for some lung cancer patients. Indeed, our recent findings show that antidepressants—specifically NDRIs (norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors)—have better outcomes. Citation Format: Leila Toulabi, Conor Bradley, Adriana Zingone, Christopher Grant, Oscar Vidal, Khadijah Mitchell, Brid M. Ryan. Regulation of EGFR signaling by DRD1 in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr A34.
Über den Einfluß des Flankenwinkels auf die Spannungserhöhung an Kerben

Um den Einflus des Flankenwinkels auf den Kerbfaktor zu erfassen, werden strenge Losungen fur die Spannungsverteilung in unendlich ausgedehnten elastischen Scheiben mit verschiedenformigen Lochern unter Zugbelastung ermittelt. Hierzu wird die Methode der komplexen Spannungsfunktionen nachKolosov undMus'chelischwili herangezogen, und es werden geeignete konforme Abbildungen zur Darstellung der erforderlichen Lochprofile bestimmt. Als wesentliches Ergebnis der numerischen Auswertung folgt, das im Bereich der Flankenwinkel von 0 bis 90° der Einflus auf den Kerbfaktor gering ist. Die gewonnenen Resultate gelten naherungsweise auch fur gezogene Scheiben mit flachen Ausenkerben.
Does care in a specialised stroke prevention clinic improve poststroke blood pressure control: a protocol for a randomised comparative effectiveness study

Introduction Hypertension is a major risk factor for recurrent stroke, and blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with decreased risk of stroke recurrence. However, many stroke survivors have poorly controlled BP after their initial stroke. The Stroke Transitions Education and Prevention (STEP) Clinic was established to provide a comprehensive approach to stroke risk factor reduction. Methods and analysis This randomised comparative effectiveness study was designed to assess the impact of care in the STEP clinic versus usual care on poststroke BP reduction. Eligible hospitalised patients with ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke or transient ischaemic attack are scheduled for a clinic screening visit within 4 weeks of discharge if they meet baseline inclusion criteria. At the clinic visit, patients who have uncontrolled BP, defined as automated office BP ≥135/85 mm Hg are randomised (1:1) to either the STEP clinic or usual care for management. STEP clinic patients receive instructions to self-monitor, a BP monitor, sleep apnoea screening, dietary counselling, review of BP monitoring records and adjustment of medications. Patients are followed by a neurologist and a stroke-trained nurse practitioner. Usual care participants are seen by a neurologist and recommendations for secondary prevention are sent to primary care providers. The primary outcome is the difference in mean daytime ambulatory systolic BP at 6 months, assessed using linear regression analysis. Secondary outcomes include 24 hours ambulatory BP, medication adherence and medication self-efficacy, and composite cardiovascular events. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center and the Georgetown University School of Medicine. Uninsured and Spanish-speaking patients are included in the study. Trial registration number NCT02591394; Pre-results.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA

Populations of the mountain chickadee (Parus gambeli) were studied for 23 years in Modoc County, northeastern California. A total of 225 artificial nestboxes were established in three areas and box occupancy has ranged from 20-90% (mean=53.7%) during the breeding season. All adults and nestlings were banded annually with about 50% of the adults and less than 1% of the nestlings being recovered each following year. Mean date of first-laid egg in spring differed by as much as 26 days and may be related to weather and consequent arthropod prey availability. Mean clutch size varied from 5.5 to 7.5, and mean number of fledglings per nest range from 1.5 to 7.5. Adult size, adult longevity, and mortality factors also have been documented.
Graphite nanoparticle addition to fertilizers reduces nitrate leaching in growth of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa )

Nitrogen leaching into groundwater occurs in nearly all intensively-fertilized agriculture applications and poses growing environmental and human health risks such as eutrophication and drinking water contamination. This potential for contamination will intensify as the population grows. This study focused on nitrate leaching through soil during the growth of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa), a high value crop in a region (Salinas Valley, CA) suffering from nitrate-contaminated water. 2-D graphite carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) produced via an electrochemical exfoliation process, resulting in ∼8 nm thickness and 250–850 nm width, were combined with fertilizer and applied to the lettuce in soil to test the CNP effect on yield, nitrate leaching, and plant nutrient uptake. Greenhouse experiments were conducted under different nutrient loadings and soil matrices. CNP addition did not inhibit the lettuce leaf yield, and decreased nitrate leaching in several scenarios. When fertilizer was reduced to 70% of the recommended dose and combined with less than 1% wt CNPs, nitrate leaching decreased by 57%. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in yield compared to the 100% recommended fertilizer dose without CNPs. Increasing the soil's hydraulic conductivity enhanced the ability of CNPs to reduce nitrate leaching and increase plant nitrogen uptake. CNP addition to mineral fertilizer blends may allow lower fertilizer doses and thus decrease nitrate infiltration through the soil without comprising yields.
Trapeziometacarpal joint arthritis: A retrospective study of the natural history of symptomatic thumb arthritis

Objective: Trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint arthritis is a common source of hand pain in patients presenting to the hand surgeon’s clinic. Long-term data on the natural history of symptomatic TM arthritis is lacking. Methods: We identified 251 patients with symptomatic TM arthritis and performed a retrospective chart review which identified treatment modalities (including surgery) and long term outcomes which were assessed via a telephone survey. Results: We found that of the 251 patients who presented with symptomatic TM arthritis, the 114 patients who had surgery had less pain and disability in the long term than those patients who were treated conservatively with splinting or injection (average pain score 1.8 vs. 3.8). However, the majority of patients did not ultimately undergo surgery. Conclusions: Although patients fare better from a pain and function standpoint with surgery, surgery is not inevitable.
Compatibility of battery and ultra-capacitor cells equalization for hybrid energy storage system

This paper presented the stability of using switched capacitor converter (SCC) topology with cells equalization for battery and ultracapacitor (UC) modules in hybrid energy storage systems (ESS's). The main advantage of using SCCs for Electric vehicle and plug- in hybrid electric vehicle (EV/PHEV) energy management is the absence of transformers and inductors, low electromagnetic interference (EMI), reduce size and cost of energy ESS and simple and easy control strategy.
Effect of CA/MA on sensory quality

Abstract Controlled atmosphere (CA), modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), and use of edible coatings create an atmosphere different from air, where O2 is reduced and CO2 is elevated and ethylene concentrations can be suppressed along with fruit respiration. The purpose of using these storage techniques is to prolong product shelf life by delaying ripening and senescence. Along with physiological changes relating to ripeness are biochemical changes in the cell, which affect texture, flavor, and taste through composition of cell wall structure, sugars, acids, and volatile compounds. This chapter reviews these biochemical changes and provides examples on how CA and MAP affect sensory quality of stored fruit.
Investigation and analysis of chronic disease status and the home care request of the elderly in Futian community

Objective To explore the chronic disease status and the home Care request of the elderlv in communitv services.Methods The investigation was carried out in 792 the elderly (transient and resident senior citizens) from 8 communities in Futian distric,Shenzhen,and communities used the own-designed questionnaire.Results 64.1% of the elderly had chronic diseases,in prevalence,the top 5 were in turn hypertension (29.6%),diabetes (14.2%),cardiovascular disease(10.1%),neck and lumbar spinal disease (8.1%),hypedipidemia(7.O%).There were significant differences in education lever,residence status,financial resources,income,Source of medical expenses between transient and resident senior citizens with chronic disease.The main reasons that influenced home care request in the elderly were the medical guidance,caregiver role,personal economic status,medical expertses and diseases(P<0.05) .Conclusions The elderly have the big demand to the home care service.The most needed services aIe blood pressure monitor,blood sugar monitor,health consults,psychological care,medicine instruets,family bed and so on. Key words: The elderly; Chronic disease; Home care request; Factors