cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are There Performance Advantages Favoring Federally Qualified Health Centers in Medical Home Care for Persons With Severe Mental Illness

To identify whether medical homes in FQHCs have advantages over other group and individual medical practices in caring for people with severe mental illness. Models estimated the effect of the type of medical home on monthly service utilization, medication adherence, and total Medicaid spending over a 4-year period for adults aged 18 or older with a major depressive disorder (N = 65,755), bipolar disorder (N = 19,925), or schizophrenia (N = 8501) enrolled in North Carolina’s Medicaid program. Inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) were used to adjust for nonrandom assignment of patients to practices. Generalized estimating equations for repeated measures were used with gamma distributions and log links for the continuous measures of medication adherence and spending, and binomial distributions with logit links for binary measures of any outpatient or any emergency department visits. Adults with major depression or bipolar disorders in FQHC medical homes had a lower probability of outpatient service use than their counterparts in individual and group practices. The probability of emergency department use, medication adherence, and total Medicaid spending were relatively similar across the three settings. This study suggests that no one type of medical practice setting—whether FQHC, other group, or individual—consistently outperforms the others in providing medical home services to people with severe mental illness.
Information Seeking and Scanning about Colorectal Cancer Screening among Black and White Americans, Ages 45-74: Comparing Information Sources and Screening Behaviors

Cancer information seeking and scanning predict a variety of preventive health behaviors. However, previous work has rarely gauged seeking and scanning of specific cancer screening information. Mor...
Corpora as open educational resources for language teaching

Corpora, large electronic collections of texts, have been used in language teaching for several decades. Also known as Data‐Driven Learning (DDL), this method has been gaining popularity because empirical research has consistently shown its effectiveness for learning. However, corpora are still underutilized, especially with learners of languages other than English, at lower proficiency levels, and in non‐university contexts. This is regrettable because DDL has a great potential for developing modular flipped content, especially for hybrid, remote, and online courses. This article first provides an overview of DDL applications and findings of empirical research. Next, it outlines obstacles to wider DDL implementation as well as available and possible solutions. Corpus user guides and exercise collections tied to specific corpora are discussed as one promising direction, and an example of such new open educational resources for teaching German is presented. The article concludes with a discussion of implications and future directions.
Effect of castration on myofibrillar protein turnover, endogenous proteinase activities, and muscle growth in bovine skeletal muscle

The effect of castration on endogenous proteinase activity and myofibrillar protein turnover was investigated in cattle. Six each of MARC III composite bulls and steers weighing approximately 210 kg were given ad libitum access to a typical growing diet. At 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 d, two consecutive 24-h urine samples were obtained. Urine was analyzed for N tau-methylhistidine (N tau MH) and creatinine. Following slaughter after 170 d on feed, a longissimus muscle sample was removed immediately from each carcass for quantification of mu-calpain, m-calpain, calpastatin, cystatin(s), cathepsin B, and cathepsin B + L activities. Bulls were heavier (P .05) in calpain or cathepsin activities were observed between bulls and steers. However, muscle from bulls had greater (P < .05) activities of calpastatin and cystatin(s) than that from steers. A negative relationship existed between d-168 FDR and calpastatin (r = -.72; P < .05) and cystatin (r = -.62; P < .05) activities. These results indicate that decreased FDR of skeletal muscle from growing bulls contributes to their greater efficiency of growth and could be related partially to cystatin-mediated cathepsin activity and(or) calpastatin-mediated calpain activity.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy image simulations of complex dislocation structures generated by discrete dislocation dynamics.

Abstract Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Diffraction Contrast Imaging (STEM-DCI) has been gaining popularity for the identification and analysis of dislocations in crystalline materials due to its ability to supress undesirable image features that are often present in conventional TEM images. However, there does not yet exist a robust body of work demonstrating expected contrast in these imaging conditions. A novel approach for the simulation of STEM-DCI images was developed using a modified form of the scattering matrix formalism. This algorithm was used to simulate a variety of dislocation configurations generated using three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics.
Pseudomonas can survive bacteriocin-mediated killing via a persistence-like mechanism

Phage tail-like bacteriocins (tailocins) are bacterially-produced protein toxins that can mediate competitive interactions between co-colonizing bacteria. Both theoretical and empirical research has shown there are intransitive interactions between bacteriocin-producing, bacteriocin-sensitive, and bacteriocin-resistant populations, whereby producers outcompete sensitive, sensitive outcompete resistant, and resistant outcompete producers. These so-called rock-paper-scissor dynamics explain how all three populations can be maintained in the same environment, without one genotype driving the others extinct. Using Pseudomonas syringae as a model system, we demonstrate that otherwise sensitive bacterial cells have the ability to survive bacteriocin exposure through a physiological mechanism. This mechanism is similar to the persister phenotype that allows cells to survive antibiotic exposure, without acquiring antibiotic resistance. We show that a significant fraction of the target cells that survive a lethal dose of tailocin did not exhibit any detectable increase in survival in subsequent exposure (i.e. they survived through a persistence-like mechanism). Tailocin persister cells were more prevelant in stationary rather than log phase cultures. Of the fraction of cells that gained detectable tailocin resistance, there was a range of resistance from complete (insensitive) to incomplete (partially sensitive). By genomic sequencing and genetic engineering we showed that a mutation in a hypothetical gene containing 8-10 transmembrane domains causes tailocin high-persistence and genes of various glycosyl transferases cause incomplete and complete tailocin resistance. Importantly, of the several classes of mutations, only those causing complete tailocin resistance compromised host fitness. This result, combined with previous research, indicates that bacteria likely utilize persistence as a means to survive bacteriocin-mediated killing without suffering the costs associated with resistance. This research provides important insight into how bacteria can escape the trap of fitness trade-offs associated with gaining de novo tailocin resistance, and expands our understanding of how sensistive bacterial populations can persist in the presence of lethal competitors.
Defining Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Placentitis: A Report of 7 Cases with Confirmatory In Situ Hybridization, Distinct Histomorphologic Features, and Evidence of Complement Deposition.

CONTEXT.— Case reports and rare case series have demonstrated variable placental pathology in the setting of maternal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In rare small studies demonstrating infection of the placental parenchyma, histologic manifestations have included variable degrees of histiocytic intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and syncytiotrophoblast necrosis. OBJECTIVE.— To characterize the placental pathologic features of SARS-CoV-2-infected placentas, irrespective of fetal-maternal transmission, and to examine the frequency of C4d activation in such cases. DESIGN.— A retrospective study of 7 placentas from mothers with active SARS-CoV-2 infection and placental infection as demonstrated by RNA in situ hybridization was conducted. RESULTS.— There were 6 placentas from live-born neonates (5 singletons, 1 nonfused diamniotic-dichorionic twin placenta), and 1 was from a stillbirth. A total of 5 of the 8 neonates (including the stillbirth) tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, and all were negative for neonatal infection. The remaining 3 neonates were well at time of discharge. All placentas were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RNA in situ hybridization and demonstrated variable degrees of histiocytic intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and trophoblast necrosis. Three cases demonstrated features of fetal vascular malperfusion. CD68 highlighted intervillous histiocytes. C4d expression was present along the villous borders in 6 of 7 cases. CONCLUSIONS.— SARS-CoV-2 placentitis is defined by the triad of histiocytic intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and trophoblast necrosis. The features may occur in cases without confirmed transplacental transmission. The damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 placentitis is likely mediated by complement activation.
Longitudinal stability of urinary extracellular vesicle protein patterns within and between individuals.

The protein content of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) is considered to be an attractive non-invasive biomarker source. However, little is known about the consistency and variability of urinary EV proteins within and between individuals over a longer time-period. Here, we evaluated the stability of the urinary EV proteomes of 8 healthy individuals at 9 timepoints over 6 months using data-independent-acquisition mass spectrometry. The 1802 identified proteins had a high correlation amongst all samples, with 40% of the proteome detected in every sample and 90% detected in more than 1 individual at all timepoints. Unsupervised analysis of top 10% most variable proteins yielded person-specific profiles. The core EV-protein-interaction network of 516 proteins detected in all measured samples revealed sub-clusters involved in the biological processes of G-protein signaling, cytoskeletal transport, cellular energy metabolism and immunity. Furthermore, gender-specific expression patterns were detected in the urinary EV proteome. Our findings indicate that the urinary EV proteome is stable in longitudinal samples of healthy subjects over a prolonged time-period, further underscoring its potential for reliable non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
Primary culture of immature, naïve mouse CD4+ T cells

Summary Primary T-cell culture is an invaluable model for investigating mechanisms underlying T-cell differentiation and function in health and disease. However, different culture conditions are required for immature versus mature CD4+ T cells. Here, we provide an improved culture protocol for immature naive mouse CD4+ T cells, including details for splenocyte isolation, naive CD4+ T-cell purification and differentiation, and functional evaluation via flow cytometry. This protocol can also be applied for immature human CD4+ T cells. For complete details on the execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al. (2019) .
Local Recurrence Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer Oligometastases Treated With Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to report local failure (LF) outcomes and associated predictors in patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with CRC metastases to the brain, liver, spine, or lung treated with SABR between 2001 and 2016. Time to LF was summarized using cumulative incidence of LF curves with death as a competing risk. RESULTS The analysis included a total of 130 patients and 256 lesions. Of the metastases treated, 129 (50%) were brain, 50 (20%) liver, 49 (19%) spine, and 28 (11%) lung. Median gross tumor volume was 24 mL for liver metastases, 2 mL for brain metastases, 4 mL for spine metastases, and 1 mL for lung metastases. The overall 1, 2, and 3-year cumulative incidence of LF rates were 21.6% (16.5, 27.1), 28.2% (22.3, 34.4), and 31.5% (25.2, 38.0), respectively. LF was highest among the liver metastases (1 y: 26.0%, 2 y: 38.5%), followed by spine (1 y: 25.1%, 2 y: 31.1%), brain (1 y: 20%, 2 y: 25.2%), and lung (1 y: 13.7%, 2 y: insufficient data). Metastases from right-sided primary CRC were significantly more likely to have LF (P=0.0146, HR=2.23). Biologically effective dose>70 Gy, defined using a standard linear quadratic model using α/β ratio of 10 on the individual lesion level, and pre-SABR chemotherapy were also significant predictors of LF (P= 0.0009 and 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS CRC metastases treated with SABR had significantly higher rates of LF if they originated from right-sided primary CRC, compared with left-sided. Liver metastases had the highest rates of LF compared with other metastatic sites. Thus, CRC liver metastases and metastases from right-sided CRC may benefit from more aggressive radiotherapy.
In silico Analysis of Nonsynonymous Genomic Variants within CCM2 Gene Reaffirm the Existence of Dual Cores within Typical PTB Domain

Purpose: The objective of this study is to validate the existence of dual cores within the typical phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain and to identify potentially damaging and pathogenic nonsynonymous coding single nuclear polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the canonical PTB domain of the CCM2 gene that causes cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). Methods: The nsSNPs within the coding sequence for PTB domain of human CCM2 gene, retrieved from exclusive database search, were analyzed for their functional and structural impact using a series of bioinformatic tools. The effects of the mutations on tertiary structure of the PTB domain in human CCM2 protein were predicted to examine the effect of the nsSNPs on tertiary structure on PTB Cores. Results: Our mutation analysis, through alignment of protein structures between wildtype CCM2 and mutant, indicated that the structural impacts of pathogenic nsSNPs is biophysically limited to only the spatially adjacent substituted amino acid site with minimal structural influence on the adjacent core of the PTB domain, suggesting both cores are independently functional and essential for proper CCM2 function. Conclusion: Utilizing a combination of protein conservation and structure-based analysis, we analyzed the structural effects of inherited pathogenic mutations within the CCM2 PTB domain. Our results indicated that the pathogenic amino acid substitutions lead to only subtle changes locally confined to the surrounding tertiary structure of the PTB core within which it resides, while no structural disturbance to the neighboring PTB core was observed, reaffirming the presence of dual functional cores in the PTB domain.
Scaling and reliability of deeply scaled SOI CMOS

This paper presents the latest results from the literature, concerning the performance and reliability of extremely scaled FD transistors. Numerical simulations showed that scalability of FD-SOI is achievable by using exotic gate materials to control the threshold voltage and lowly doped/undoped channels and thinning the silicon film and buried oxide to control the short channel effects. As the film thickness is reduced the effective junction depth is reduced which strengthens the front gate control of the back surface potential and improves the short channel effects. The hot carrier reliability of SOI CMOS was unknown as carriers can get hot at very low voltages and channel coupling and floating body complicates the effects of the induced degradation.
Observations of fatigue crack initiation and damage growth in notched titanium matrix composites

The purpose was to characterize damage initiation and growth in notched titanium matrix composites at room temperature. Double edge notched or center open hole SCS-6/Ti-15-3 specimens containing 0 deg plies or containing both 0 and 90 deg plies were fatigued. The specimens were tested in the as-fabricated (ASF) and in heat-treated conditions. A local strain criterion using unnotched specimen fatigue data was successful in predicting fatigue damage initiation. The initiation stress level was accurately predicted for both a double edge notched unidirectional specimen and a cross-plied center hole specimen. The fatigue produced long multiple cracks growing from the notches. These fatigue cracks were only in the matrix material and did not break the fibers in their path. The combination of matrix cracking and fiber/matrix debonding appears to greatly reduce the stress concentration around the notches. The laminates that were heat treated showed a different crack growth pattern. In the ASF specimens, matrix cracks had a more tortuous path and showed considerable more crack branching. For the same specimen geometry and cyclic stress, the (0/90/0) laminate with a hole had far superior fatigue resistance than the matrix only specimen with a hole.
Patterns of care and perioperative outcomes in transoral endoscopic surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background Transoral endoscopic surgery is a promising new treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods We examined care patterns and outcomes in 514 patients with oropharyngeal SCC undergoing transoral endoscopic surgery within the 2010 to 2011 National Cancer Database (NCDB). Results Most patients had T1 to T2 tumors (88.5%), and were treated in academic facilities (64.2%). Mean length of hospitalization was 5.1 days and perioperative mortality was 0.8%. Final surgical margins were positive in 20% of patients, and were more common with T2 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; p < .05) or N2 disease (OR = 4.18; p < .001), treatment in community cancer centers (OR = 1.81; p < .05), and low volume centers (OR = 2.43; p < .05). Conclusion Early adoption of transoral surgery for oropharyngeal SCC had an excellent safety profile. We observed higher rates of positive surgical margins than previously reported. These findings highlight the importance of surgeon experience and patient selection, and suggest that transoral endoscopic surgery for oropharyngeal SCC be performed by highly trained surgeons in the context of multidisciplinary care. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 402–409, 2016
Performance analysis of a multimedia conference system

A multimedia conference system is proposed and evaluated in this paper. The system allows a group of users to a conduct meeting in real time. Participants can jointly view and edit relevant multimedia information, including text, graphics, and still images distributed throughout the network. Participants can also communicate simultaneously by voice to discuss the information they are sharing. The performance of a multimedia conference system is analyzed and evaluated. The experiments show that the system has very good performance under various load conditions.
Synchronized moving aperture radiation therapy (SMART): superimposing tumor motion on IMRT MLC leaf sequences under realistic delivery conditions

Synchronized moving aperture radiation therapy (SMART) has been proposed to account for tumor motions during radiotherapy in prior work. The basic idea of SMART is to synchronize the moving radiation beam aperture formed by a dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) with the tumor motion induced by respiration. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) superimposing leaf sequencing method is presented for SMART. A leaf sequence optimization strategy was generated to assure the SMART delivery under realistic delivery conditions. The study of delivery performance using the Varian LINAC and the Millennium DMLC showed that clinical factors such as collimator angle, dose rate, initial phase and machine tolerance affect the delivery accuracy and efficiency. An in-house leaf sequencing software was developed to implement the 2D superimposing leaf sequencing method and optimize the motion-corrected leaf sequence under realistic clinical conditions. The analysis of dynamic log (Dynalog) files showed that optimization of the leaf sequence for various clinical factors can avoid beam hold-offs which break the synchronization of SMART and fail the SMART dose delivery. Through comparison between the simulated delivered fluence map and the planed fluence map, it was shown that the motion-corrected leaf sequence can greatly reduce the dose error.
Response of Monkeys to Immunization with Cholera Toxoid, Toxin, and Vaccine: Reversion of Cholera Toxoid

Rhesus monkeys have a severe, local reaction to a 50-ag subcutaneous dose of formalinized, purified cholera toxoid. The reaction was delayed, reached a maximum seven to nine days after injection, and was characterized by local edema and erythema, with prominent cellular infiltration in a later, accentuated phase of the reaction. The reaction, which was similar histologically to that produced by an injection of cholera toxin, was prevented by the injection of antitoxin with the toxoid. Also, no reaction to toxoid was seen either in monkeys passively immunized with antitoxin given intravenously or in actively immunized monkeys that had circulating endogenous antitoxin at the time of booster injection. It was concluded that reversion of cholera toxoid to toxin in vivo caused the reaction. A sustained rise in titers of antitoxin in the serum was produced by the toxoid. A marked polymorphonuclear cellular response to conventional cholera vaccine with formation of local microabscess was also observed.
Extracellular ribosomes during metamorphosis in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala.

Abstract During metamorphosis of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala extracellular ribosomes, in the form of monosomes, appear in the body fluid. The total number of ribosomes, i.e. intracellular and extracellular, remains approximately constant during this period, whereas the proportion of extracellular ribosomes first rises, plateaus, and then declines in a manner suggesting that their appearance is a result of larval tissue breakdown.
PERTUSSIS PERSISTS AS A CAUSE OF HOSPITALIZATION IN YOUNG CHILDREN

A review was conducted of all pts seen at Upstate Medical Center during the past 8 yrs whose NP specimens were positive by specific B. pertussis FA stain. A total of 61 pts were identified; 46 were hospitalized and 15 were outpts. The 2 groups were compared with regard to age and immunization status. Indices of illness severity was assessed for hospitalized pts. The mean age of hospitalized pts was 4.5 mos (3 wks-36 mos) as contrasted with 19 mos (6 wks-7 yrs) for outpts. Twenty-six of the 46 inpts were less than 12 wks of age. The 17 non-white infants admitted to the hospital were younger (mean age 2.2 mos) than the 29 white infants who were hospitalized (5.8 mos). The non-white outpts were also younger (mean age 15.7 mos) than the white outpts (mean age 21 mos). Among the outpts 11/15 had received 2 or more pertussis immunizations (PI). In contrast only 7/46 hospitalized pts had received 2 or more PI. The duration of hospitalization was 1-26 days (mean 8 days). All 10 pts who were hospitalized more than 9 days were among the 23 who had received no PI. Forty-three hospitalized pts had chest X-rays, 18/20 pts whose X-rays were abnormal had had less than 2 PI. Pertussis was not considered in the initial diagnosis in 19 of the 46 hospitalized pts. Initial diagnosis for these 19 pts included sepsis, Reye's syndrome, vomiting and pneumonia. This study demonstrates that pertussis persists as a cause of hospitalization among young children with deficient PI and that frequently it is not considered in the initial diagnosis.
Effect of Cyclosporin A on Endothelin-1 mRNA in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells 1785

Cyclosporin A (CSA) is a potent immunomodulating endecapeptide used widely in immunosuppressive regimens for organ transplantation. Hypertension is observed as a side-effect of CSA therapy in up to 70% of patients. The proposed mechanisms for CSA associated hypertension (CAH) include stimulation of renin-angiotensin system, renal sympathetic system, alteration in the relative concentration of vasodilator and vasoconstrictive prostaglandins, or the induction of local vasoactive mediators such as endothelin. Endothelin(ET-1) is derived from endothelial cells and is the most potent vasoconstrictor known. It has been implicated in a number of vascular diseases including CAH. CSA has been shown to increase ET-1 levels secreted by porcine renal cell line (LLC-PK1) and human umblical vein endothelial cells in a dose dependent manner. It also increases the synthesis and release of ET-1 from rat mesenteric artery in vivo, the level of preproET-1 mRNA levels in CAH rat model, and circulating ET-1 levels in patients with solid organ transplants. To determine the molecular mechanism responsible for CAH, we evaluated preproET-1 mRNA levels in isolated cultures of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) after stimulation with CSA. These cells were obtained from segments of thoracic aorta from heart transplant donors. Experiments were performed when cells were in passage 5 to 8. Cells were exposed to 1 μM, 10 μM and 100 μ concentrations for 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 240, 360, 480, 720 and 1440 minutes. Using the Chomoczynski and Sacchi method of RNA isolation, total RNA was obtained after the appropriate exposure periods. Northern analysis was performed to determine preproET-1 mRNA levels using radiolabelled human ET-1 cDNA, cathepsin cDNA was used as an internal control for RNA loading. We observed no difference in the relative levels of preproET-1 mRNA in the above treated cells as compared to controls. However, we have observed an increase of ET-1 expression in response to thrombin, thereby illustrating that ET-1 could be differentially expressed in HAEC. The higher concentrations of CSA at the longer time periods resulted in damage to the HAEC as observed by phase contrast microscopy, indicating that CSA did have physiologic effects on these cells. We have demonstrated that unlike most stimuli for ET-1 induction, CSA does not affect ET-1 transcription or mRNA levels in HAEC. Either the increase of ET-1 levels in patients treated with CSA occurs via a translational or post-translational event, or occurs by a secondary response to CSA rather than a primary response.
Resonant magnetoexcitons and the Fermi-edge singularity in a magnetic field.

The effect of the magnetic field B on the Fermi-edge singularity in optical properties of asymmetric quantum wells is investigated using a two-subband Mahan--Nozrigaeres--De Dominicis Hamiltonian. The emission spectrum for carriers in the lowest subband is strongly enhanced by excitonic transitions involving higher subbands. The modulation of the emission spectrum is almost periodic in 1/B.
Relation of blood CO2 and dehydration to gastric acidity

(1) An attempt was made in dogs to determine a correlation between the plasma CO2 and the gastric acidity. No such correlation could be demonstrated by the methods used. (2) The plasma CO. was lowered to 26 volumes per cent by feeding ammonium chloride. This caused no decrease in the free acidity of Pavlov pouches. Concurrent with the administration of this salt there was a great increase in the pouch secretion attributed to a coincidental water intake from thirst produced by salt ingestion. (3) The importance of evaluating the total amount of effective free acid is emphasized rather than considering only free acid “clinical units.” (4) Dehydration was quite effective in reducing the amount of pouch secretion but caused only a little change in the free acid. Dogs can be maintained for days on such a dehydration regime without apparent distress or harm.
Graphical Feedback for Improved Product Design and Production

Time and cost have been two of the leading factors contributing to a product’s success or failure in the market place. Cost to design, produce and market add to a product’s success or failure. Any savings in cost or time during the design process can make the difference between success and failure. This paper deals with the concept of feedback in design that will help improve the quality of the end product. This feedback system is called Feedback for Automated Manufacturability Evaluation (FAME). With the output from FAME, the user can change the design and the manufacturing process to help reduce the cost and time in the making the component.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
INCORPORATION OF PYRUVATE-C14 INTO ETHYLENE BY PENICILLIUM DIGITATUM SACC.

Abstract Penicillium digitatum NRRL 1202 isolate grown aerially on a citrate synthetic medium yielded colonies that incorporated pyruvate-C 14 into ethylene. The relative specific activities of ethylene from pyruvate-3-C 14 , pyruvate-2-C 14 , and pyruvate-1-C 14 were C-3 ⪢ C-2 > C-1. After the initial variability for entry of C 14 into ethylene the specific activity of it showed a small but consistent increase which indicates a closer precursor relationship for pyruvate.
A comparison of life span characteristics in Drosophila

Abstract A comparison of life span characteristics in 12 Drosophila species representing different degrees of phylogenetic relatedness and various ecological background was undertaken. Survival curve, LT50, LT100, range and mortality rate were compared at three different levels: intraspecific (male-female); interspecific (within species group triads); intergroup (among species group triads). Data indicate that when differences are found within species groups, there is greater similarity between more closely related taxa. At all levels of comparisons, differences cannot be used to predict from one characteristic to another or fro on e sex to the other. The influence of bot phylogenetic and ecological factors on patterns of results are evaluated, as well as the suggestion that at least two different mechanisms of aging may exist in the genus Drosophila. The observed diversity in life span characteristics among Drosophila species groups and similarity within species groups, demonstrate the value of a comparative approach for studying aging.
Large deviations for impulsive processes in the scheme of Poisson approximation

We perform the asymptotic analysis of the problem of large deviations for impulsive processes in the scheme of Poisson approximation. Large deviations for impulsive processes in the scheme of Poisson approximation are determined by the exponential generator of a jump process with independent increments.
The E6 protein from vaccinia virus is required for the formation of immature virions

An IPTG-inducible mutant in the E6R gene of vaccinia virus was used to study the role of the E6 virion core protein in viral replication. In the absence of the inducer, the mutant exhibited a normal pattern DNA replication, concatemer resolution and late gene expression, but it showed an inhibition of virion structural protein processing it failed to produce infectious particles. Electron microscopic analysis showed that in the absence of IPTG viral morphogenesis was arrested before IV formation: crescents, aberrant or empty IV-like structures, and large aggregated virosomes were observed throughout the cytoplasm. The addition of IPTG to release a 12-h block showed that virus infectious particles could be formed in the absence of de novo DNA synthesis. Our observations show that in the absence of E6 the association of viroplasm with viral membrane crescents is impaired.
Triple ion beam studies of radiation damage in 9Cr–2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel for a high power spallation neutron source

Abstract To simulate radiation damage under a future Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) environment, irradiation experiments were conducted on a candidate 9Cr–2WVTa ferritic/martensitic steel using the Triple Ion Facility (TIF) at ORNL. Irradiation was conducted in single, dual and triple ion beam modes using 3.5 MeV Fe ++ , 360 keV He + , and 180 keV H + at 80°C, 200°C and 350°C. These irradiations produced various defects comprising black dots, dislocation loops, line dislocations, and gas bubbles, which led to hardening. The largest increase in hardness, over 63%, was observed after 50 dpa for triple beam irradiation conditions, revealing that both He and H are augmenting the hardening. Hardness increased less than 30% after 30 dpa at 200°C by triple beams, compatible with neutron irradiation data from previous work which showed about a 30% increase in yield strength after 27.2 dpa at 365°C. However, the very large concentrations of gas bubbles in the matrix and on lath and grain boundaries after these simulated SNS irradiations make predictions of fracture behavior from fission reactor irradiations to spallation target conditions inadvisable.
The Use of Animal Imagery in the Psalms and Wisdom Literature of Ancient Israel

The Old Testament is rich in animal imagery. There has been a considerable amount of work done on the imagery connected with animal sacrifice and on the theological significance of this, but little work done on the wider use of animal imagery in the Old Testament. To attempt to document and review this for the whole Old Testament is beyond the scope of this article, but what I wish to do is to focus on a particularly neglected area—the use of animal imagery in the psalms and wisdom literature of ancient Israel. I have divided the material mentioning animals in the books of Psalms, Proverbs, Job and Ecclesiastes into seven categories, which I believe are helpful for defining the material but necessarily involve some overlap. The first three categories are concerned with animals as seen from a human viewpoint. They involve humans looking at the world and attempting to illuminate and prescribe human behaviour on the basis of what is observed of animal behaviour. The last three categories involve God and his relationship with the created world, with humanity and with animals. Again this is expressed from a human standpoint, but very often the limitations of the human quest for understanding is stressed. The middle and bridging category is the simple observation of animal behaviour which seems to me to go some way towards counterbalancing the others which are inevitably humanocentric and theocentric respectively.
Biculturality in Modern China and in Chinese Studies

The "moder" era has seen the steady expansion of Western culture across the globe. How are we to think about the resulting changes and processes in the non-Western world? Political history has taught us to think in national categories: of imperialism/colonialism versus national independence and of domination/subordination versus self-determination. The choice has seemed a clear-cut and binary one: for or against imperialism, for or against national liberation. But is that a useful way to think about what has happened in the cultural, as opposed to the political, sphere? Has Western cultural expansion necessarily been a matter of "cultural imperialism," a simple process of Western domination of the cultural sphere as in the political? Do cultural interactions require the same either/or dichotomous choices as those posited by nationality? Can we equate or analogize "culture" with "nation"? How are we to think about dual-cultural influences? This article focuses on the relatively narrow subject of "biculturality" and biculturals to illustrate the issues in a concentrated way and within a manageable scope. I begin with a definition of what I mean by biculturality and then provide a brief overview of major groups of biculturals and an analysis of biculturality in modern Chinese history
Automatic Parallelization with pMapper

Algorithm implementation efficiency is key to delivering high-performance computing capabilities to demanding, high throughput signal and image processing applications and simulations. Significant progress has been made in optimization of serial programs, but many applications require parallel processing, which brings with it the difficult task of determining efficient mappings of algorithms. The pMapper infrastructure addresses the problem of performance optimization of multistage MATLABreg applications on parallel architectures. pMapper is an automatic performance tuning library written as a layer on top of pMatlab: Parallel Matlab Toolbox. While pMatlab abstracts the message-passing interface, the responsibility of mapping numerical arrays falls on the user. Choosing the best mapping for a set of numerical arrays is a nontrivial task that requires significant knowledge of programming languages, parallel computing, and processor architecture. pMapper automates the task of map generation. This abstract addresses the design details of pMapper and presents preliminary results
Sagittal plane head stabilization during level walking and ambulation on stairs.

Background and Purpose Head stabilization in space provides a stable reference frame for visual and vestibular systems during locomotor tasks. The purpose of the present study was to examine upper body movement patterns used to maintain head stability in response to the increased challenge of stair ambulation. Method A repeated-measures study design was used and the order of conditions was randomized for each subject. Eight healthy, non-disabled, young adults walked 10 metres on a level surface, ascended and descended four steps. Head, neck and trunk angular positions in space were obtained for three trials of each condition. Significant differences in mean head, neck and trunk angular orientation in space and segment excursions were determined. Cross-correlation analyses between head and neck, neck and trunk, and head and trunk determined movement patterns used for maintaining head stability. The chi-square test examined the homogeneity of movement pattern distributions for each segment pair across conditions. Results Head in space flexion orientation and angular excursions were greater during stair ascent and greater still during stair descent as compared to level walking. This indicates a progressively significant increase in the challenge to head stability. Neck flexion orientation in space and angular excursion were greater during stair descent as compared to level walking. Movement patterns between segment pairs demonstrated phase leads and lags between segments when threats to head stability were minimal. With increased challenge to head stability, segments moved synchronously in opposite directions to maintain balance. With further challenges to head stability, segments moved synchronously in the same direction to maintain body segment alignment. Conclusions Head stabilization was significantly challenged when ascending stairs and is further challenged while descending stairs. Movement patterns reflected changes associated with challenges to head stability. Increased head excursion during stair ambulation may reflect the need to orient vision for foot placement. Results suggest that individuals with visual or vestibular deficits may be at risk for falls during stair ambulation. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Crack-tip stresses and their effect on stress intensity factor for crack propagation

Abstract In this paper, analytical and numerical simulations of the crack-tip stresses are presented. Analytical calculations are performed utilizing modified Rice and elastic equations. 2D finite element analyses (FEA) are conducted in parallel using ANSYS. Results from both methods are compared and discussed in terms of the crack-tip compressive residual stresses. Then, the effect of the compressive residual stresses is quantified in terms of the stress intensity factor for crack propagation, KPR, using ‘clamping force’ method. The comparison between the calculated KPR values and those obtained experimentally by Lang demonstrates a fairly good agreement. Both the present results and Lang data independently support a two-parameter, KmaxTH and ΔKTH, description of the threshold condition for fatigue crack propagation.
Forewarning of a Threat and Prior Knowledge of Outcome Effects on Children's Emotional Responses to a Film Sequence

An experiment examined the influence of prior information on children's emotional responses to a frightening program. Children at two age levels (5–7 and 9–11 years) viewed a program that included a threatening scene and a happy resolution. Before viewing, they heard one of four audiotaped introductions created by factorially varying information about the threat (forewarning, no forewarning) and the happy outcome (prior knowledge, no prior knowledge). Emotional responses were assessed through self-reports, facial expressions (coded using hard's Affex coding scheme), and skin temperature (as an index of physiological arousal). Self-reports of emotion revealed that forewarning of the threat increased anticipatory fear but did not affect emotional responses to the threatening scene. Prior knowledge of the happy outcome tended to reduce anticipatory fear but had a somewhat inconsistent effect on fear during the threatening scene. Changes in skin temperature over time were consistent with predictions, but no effects of the manipulations emerged for facial expressions of negative affect. Expected age differences were not observed for either type of prior information. Responses to the happy outcome were also examined. Children's reports of coping strategies and the results of manipulation checks were considered in interpreting the findings.
Body mass index during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in relation to adult overweight and adiposity: the Fels Longitudinal Study.

BACKGROUND: Childhood overweight develops during ‘critical periods’, but the relationship of body mass index (BMI) patterns during ‘critical periods’ from childhood into adulthood with subsequent overweight and adiposity has not been previously investigated. BMI patterns during early childhood, pubescence and post-pubescence and their independent effects on overweight and body fatness at 35–45 y of age were examined along with birth weight and the effects of adult lifestyle factors. METHODS: BMI parameters describing the timing, velocity minimum (min) and maximum (max) values from 2 to 25 y of age were related to adulthood BMI values and total and percentage body fat (TBF, %BF) at 35–45 y. These data were from 180 males and 158 females in the Fels Longitudinal Study. RESULTS: There was no sex difference in the timing of BMI rebound, but the age of BMI maximum velocity and maximum BMI were both earlier in girls. Children with an earlier BMI rebound had larger BMI values at rebound and at maximum velocity. Children who reached maximum BMI at later age had larger maximum BMI values. Maximum BMI was a strong predictor for adult BMI and in females, a strong predictor of adulthood TBF and %BF. Maximum BMI was closely related to maximum BMI velocity in females and in males, BMI at maximum velocity is a strong predictor of TBF and %BF. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in childhood BMI were related to adult overweight and adiposity more so in females than males. BMI rebound is a significant important period related to overweight at 35–45 y in females but not in males. However BMI patterns during and post-adolescence were more important than the BMI rebound for adulthood TBF and %BF status. There is marked tracking in BMI from approximately 20 y into 35–45 y. The pattern of BMI changes from 2 to 25 y had stronger effects on subsequent adult overweight than birth weight and adult lifestyle variables.
ATTITUDES TOWARD SUICIDE AND SUICIDAL RISK AMONG YOUNGER AND OLDER PERSONS

Despite a burgeoning literature on some aspects of elder suicide, little is known about the specific attitudes that older people hold about suicide. The present study examined attitudes toward suicide and suicidal risk among 96 younger and 79 older adults. Participants completed the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire and the Suicide Risk Scale. Regarding suicidal risk, younger adults scored significantly higher than older adults. Regarding attitudes, older adults scored significantly higher than younger adults on 7 of 15 subscales, indicating that for older adults, suicide was more acceptable, more strongly related to a lack of religious conviction, more lethal, more normal, more irreversible or permanent, more strongly related to demographics, and more strongly related to individual aspects. An implication is that older adults hold both adaptive and maladaptive attitudes about suicide that may be useful in providing a social and cultural context to the study, prevention, and treatment of elder suicide.
A neuropathologic study of Whipple's disease.

A patient with Whipple's disease developed massive and irreversible CNS involvement after a drug-induced intestinal remission. The multifocal brain lesions were apparent grossly with the heaviest concentration being noted in rhinencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon. This patient exhibited progressive neurologic deterioration, although viable organisms could not be identified in the brain at autopsy. Astrocytes, pericytes, and choroid plexus cells attempted to dispose of the organism, in addition to the traditionally implicated microglial and ependymal cell.
Inclusion of School-Age Children with Disabilities in Ukraine

(2007). Inclusion of School-Age Children with Disabilities in Ukraine. Childhood Education: Vol. 83, International Focus Issue 2007, pp. 370-373.
Photoreversible birefringence in doped Vycor glass.

Photoreversible birefringence is demonstrated in Vycor glass, doped with nanocrystalline ZnS and Cu, by linearly polarized 266-nm pulsed excitation. The birefringence is readily reversed by exposure to orthogonally polarized UV radiation. Photoinduced birefringence is stable at room temperature and can be removed by annealing at temperatures above 250 °C.
Molecular Genetics: From Bench to Bedside

Diligent work performed at the laboratory bench during the 20th century has resulted in advances in the health care industry and benefits for the patients it serves. Time-saving laboratory techniques such as DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have helped molecular biologists and geneticists learn more about genes and their function. Information resulting from genetic research is currently used by medical researchers to develop genetic testing, genetic engineering, and gene therapy procedures that will benefit patients with genetic needs. This article provides basic information regarding several of these procedures, including DNA isolation, PCR, gel electrophoresis, and restriction enzyme techniques. In addition, the article explores the experiences of a clinical nurse, who by learning genetic laboratory techniques, developed an appreciation of the nursing implications related to genetic laboratory procedures.
Assessment Validation in the Context of High-Stakes Assessment

Including the perspectives of stakeholder groups (e.g., teachers, parents) can improve the validity of high-stakes assessment interpretations and uses. How stakeholder groups view high-stakes assessments and their uses may differ significantly from state-level policy officials. The views of these stakeholders can contribute to identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the intended assessment interpretations and uses. This article proposes a process approach to validity that addresses assessment validation in the context of high-stakes assessment. The process approach includes a test evaluator or validator who considers the perspectives of five stakeholder groups at four different stages of assessment maturity in relationship to six aspects of construct validity. The tasks of the test evaluator and how stakeholders' views might be incorporated are illustrated at each stage of assessment maturity. How the test evaluator might make judgments about the merit of high-stakes assessment interpretations and uses is discussed.