cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Non-Sense of an Ending

Abstract This article contributes to the scholarship on Portuguese writer Jose Cardoso Pires as well as the study of the neorealist short story in Portugal. It analyzes the ending of the neorealist short story as a moment of utopian projection and draws a comparison with Cardoso Pires's short story endings. This study demonstrates that Cardoso Pires displaces the ending of the story as a moment of concordance to a moment of continuing crisis. The author suggests that through the design of problematic narratorial voices that advance ambiguity and irony, Cardoso Pires requires from the reader an engagement with the text that mirrors the writer's engagement in society.
Parallelizing and Vectorizing Compilers

The sections in this article are 1 Parallel Machines 2 Programming Parallel Machines 3 Program Analysis 4 Enabling Transformations 5 Vectorization: Exploiting Vector Architectures 6 Parallelization: Exploiting Multiprocessors 7 Exploiting Parallelism at the Instruction Level 8 Compiler-Internal Concerns
A practical approach to DOACROSS parallelization

Loops with cross-iteration dependences (doacross loops) often contain significant amounts of parallelism that can potentially be exploited on modern manycore processors. However, most production-strength compilers focus their automatic parallelization efforts on doall loops, and consider doacross parallelism to be impractical due to the space inefficiencies and the synchronization overheads of past approaches. This paper presents a novel and practical approach to automatically parallelizing doacross loops for execution on manycore-SMP systems. We introduce a compiler-and-runtime optimization called dependence folding that bounds the number of synchronization variables allocated per worker thread (processor core) to be at most the maximum depth of a loop nest being considered for automatic parallelization. Our approach has been implemented in a development version of the IBM XL Fortran V13.1 commercial parallelizing compiler and runtime system. For four benchmarks where automatic doall parallelization was largely ineffective (speedups of under 2×), our implementation delivered speedups of 6.5×, 9.0×, 17.3×, and 17.5× on a 32-core IBM Power7 SMP system, thereby showing that doacross parallelization can be a valuable technique to complement doall parallelization.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND RAPD ANALYSES OF DIAPORTHE PHASEOLORUM FROM SOYBEAN

Isolates of Diaporthe phaseolorum varieties caulivora, meridionalis and sojae, and Phomopsis lon- gicolla were grown on various substrates in the labo? ratory and inoculated into soybean plants in the greenhouse. Isolates varied in their ability to produce pycnidia and/or perithecia in culture. Both a and (3 conidia were observed in isolates of varieties cauli? vora and sojae, whereas only a conidia were observed in isolates of variety meridionalis. Stroma morphology and perithecial arrangement in stromata varied con- siderably in isolates of varieties caulivora and meri? dionalis, depending on the substrate. Some isolates of variety caulivora formed perithecia in a valsoid ar? rangement on potato dextrose agar and single peri? thecia in a well developed, immersed stroma in in? oculated soybean stems. Isolates of variety sojae always formed pustulate stromata and clustered perithecia. Nine quantitative morphological characters were ex? amined using two different cluster analysis methods and canonical discriminant analysis. The length and width of ascospores and asci and apical width of the perithecial beaks were stable across different sub? strates and resolved the isolates into three distinct
The diagnosis and treatment of a thoracic abscess in an alpaca

A 6-month-old alpaca presented for lethargy, failure to thrive and leucocytosis. Diagnostic procedures, including thoracic ultrasound, radiographs and a computed tomography scan, were used to document a thoracic mass. Based on appearance and ultrasound-guided aspiration of purulent material, the mass was determined to be a large abscess. The abscess was treated with surgical drainage and long-term antibiotic therapy. The origin of this thoracic abscess was felt to be the caudal mediastinum, secondary to bacterial seeding of the caudal mediastinal lymph nodes. Although an aetiological agent was not definitively determined, the most likely was Actinomyces spp or Arcanobacterium pyogenes. The alpaca made a complete recovery following treatment.
The fraction of hydrated C-complex asteroids in the asteroid belt from SDSS data

Abstract The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Moving Object Catalog contains spectrophotometric information for thousands of asteroids, presenting the opportunity to probe objects much fainter than are typically reached in spectroscopic surveys. Using two different approaches, it is estimated that 30 ± 5% of the C-complex asteroids in the SDSS have a 0.7-μm band, implying that roughly two-thirds will have a 3-μm absorption band and hydrated minerals based on correlations between those two absorptions found by Howell et al. (Howell, E.S. et al. [2011]. EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting, p. 637). In an effort to avoid confusion with formal taxonomies, I call these objects Ch ∼ in this work, with the C ∼ group defined as those without evidence of a 0.7-μm band. This fraction appears fairly stable with solar distance, although there is evidence it is higher in the middle asteroid belt (2.50–2.82 AU) than outside those bounds. In the size range covered by the SDSS dataset, the Ch ∼ fraction is most consistent with a flat distribution. Inclusion of the SMASS and S3OS2 datasets suggests an overall minimum in Ch ∼ fraction from H ∼ 12–14, though this distribution may be biased by the solar distance variation mentioned above.
INFLORESCENCE SIZE: TEST OF THE MALE FUNCTION HYPOTHESIS

One explanation for low fruit sets in plants with hermaphroditic flowers is that total flower production by a plant is controlled primarily by selection through male function. This male function hypothesis presupposes that success in pollen donation increases more strongly with flower number than does seed set. I tested this prediction by measuring male and female components of reproductive success as functions of flower number in natural populations of the self-incompatible, perfect flowered plant, Ipomopsis aggregata. Fruit set in this hummingbird-pollinated plant averaged 4.9 to 40.3% across the 4 years of study. Both the total amount of pollen donated and the total amount received, as estimated by movement of fluorescent powdered dyes, increased linearly with number of flowers on a plant. Total seed production, however, increased disproportionately quickly because plants with larger floral displays were more likely to set at least one fruit. An estimate of the functional femaleness of a plant, based on pollen donation and seed production, increased with flower number. These results do not support the male function hypothesis.
A Duality for Symmetric Spaces with Applications to Group Representations. III. Tangent Space Analysis

1. IN~ODUCTI~N Let X = G/K be a symmetric space of the noncompact type, G being a connected semisimple Lie group with finite center and K a maximal compact subgroup. Let X0 be the tangent space to X at the fixed pont o of K and let G, denote the group of af%ne transformations of X,, generated by the translations and the natural action of K on X,, . The group GO which is the semi-direct product K x S X,, is often called the Car-tan motion group. While the irreducible unitary representations of GO are described by Mackey’s general semi-direct product theorem [13, p. 1311, and their characters given by Gindikm [4], our purpose here is to develop GO-invariant analysis on the space X0 . More specifically, let D(G,,/K) denote the algebra of G,,-invariant differential operators on Go/K = X,,. We are interested in the joint eigenfunctions of D(G,,/K) and in the representations of GO on the joint eigenspaces, ([8(d)] Ch. IV). As tools for this study we prove Paley-Wiener type theorems for the spherical transform and for the generalized Bessel transform on X0. The first of these comes from Theorem 2.1 which is an analog for entire functions of exponential type of Chevalley’s restriction theorem for polynomials. An important property of the generalized Bessel transform comes from Theorem 4.6 which shows that the generalized Bessel function is divisible by the Jg-matrix. Another useful tool is Theorem 4.8 which represents the generalized Bessel function as a certain derivative of the zonal spherical function. These results are used in Section 6 to derive an integral formula for the K-finite joint eigenfunctions of D(G,/K). This in turn is used to give (in Theorem 6.6) an explicit irreducibility criterion for the associated eigenspace representation of G,, . This is the principal application of our results. The results for the flat space X, = GO/K are to a large extent analogous to those proved in [8(g)] for the curved space X = G/K, most of the proofs are
Improved treatment of intersecting bodies with the chimera method and validation with a simple and fast flow solver

Abstract For flow simulations about complex geometries, the chimera overset scheme provides a conceptually simple method for domain decomposition. At the intersection of two elements, the primary meshes of the elements do not in general yield a good representation of the geometry. It is shown that `collar' grid can improve the simulation in these areas. The method is applied to several multi-body configurations. A simple and robust algorithm for steady inviscid flow, in terms of the primitive variables, is described for body fitted coordinates. This algorithm has been adapted for the chimera framework for the calculation of flow past complex geometries. This method is intended to be used for preliminary engineering analysis. The results, for the flow past a sphere, ranging from low Mach M ∞ =0.2, to critical flow, M ∞ =0.55, show good agreement with the exact potential flow solution. The flow about an ellipsoid has also been obtained and a comparison with an implicit Euler scheme has been made.
Fear and Loathing in Cyberspace

Stephen E. Frantzich, Computers in Congress: The Politics of Information Stephen E. Frantzich, Political Parties in the Technological Age David H. Freedman and Charles C. Mann, At Large: The Strange Case of the Worlds Biggest Internet Invasion Kevin A. Hill and John E. Hughes, Cyber politics: Citizen Activism in the Age of the Internet Dinty W. Moore, The Emperors Virtual Clothes: The Naked Truth about Internet Culture Tsutomu Shimomura with John Markoff, Takedown: The Pursuit and Capture of Kevin Mitnick, America's Most Wanted Computer Outlaw—By the Man Who Did It Ziauddin Sardar and Jerome R. Ravetz, (Eds.), Cyber futures: Culture and Politics on the Information Superhighway Bruce Sterling, The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier
Passive microwave remote sensing of the earth from space&#8212;A review

During the past decade, microwave radiometry from space has developed into a powerful technique for remote sensing of the earth's atmosphere and surface. Passive microwave sensors on earth-orbiting satellites are beginning to make significant contributions to the fields of operational meteorology and oceanography. This paper reviews the development of microwave radiometry from space as a tool for several atmospheric and surface remote-sensing applications. The basic spacecraft radiometer system concepts are discussed and a description of the key individual sensors launched prior to 1981 is provided along with their significant results. Recent studies on new instrument designs and potential applications are summarized, and indicate the unique possibilities for future implementation of passive microwave techniques.
Presence of identical mitochondrial proteins in unstimulated constitutive steroid-producing R2C rat Leydig tumor and stimulated nonconstitutive steroid-producing MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells.

The acute regulation of steroidogenesis in steroidogenic tissues requires de nouo protein synthesis. It is believed that these newly synthesized proteins are instrumental in the delivery of the substrate, cholesterol, to the inner mitochondrial membrane where the cholesterol side-chain cleavage complex converts cholesterol to pregnenolone. A number of studies have attempted to characterize the protein(s) synthesized in response to hormone stimulation and, hence, function in the delivery of cholesterol to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage complex. While a number of potential protein candidates have been described, there is at present no unequivocal evidence which indicates that they are involved in steroidogenic regulation. We and others have described proteins that are induced in a variety of steroidogenic tissues in response to hormone stimulation and are localized in the mitochondria of these tissues. In an attempt to determine whether these induced proteins may be involved in steroidogenesis, we comp...
A comparison of library instruction content by biology faculty and librarians

Abstract The results of two surveys focusing on library instruction for biology classes in Ohio academic institutions are compared. The first survey was directed to instruction librarians. The second survey was a follow-up sent to biology faculty to determine what information biology faculty presented to their classes when they provided their own library instruction. The surveys showed that both groups focused on the same bibliographic databases, the use of the World Wide Web (WWW), and the differences between magazines and journals. Biology faculty, however, did not usually present information to help students navigate in the library. Suggestions are made that can help librarians address this need.
An Innovative Polymeric Material for Microhandling

The rationales for the use of microsystems are numerous, including the reduction of consumables (less chemicals in Lab-on-a-Chip), a faster response time (airbag sensors), the enhanced portability (RF-MEMS), the higher resolution (Inkjet printer head), and the higher efficiency (micro-chemical reactor); moreover their application sectors are numerous. For this reason, during the past decades many improvements have been done concerning the design and manufacturing of microsystems and several products have been fabricated for a great variety of applications in the traditional fields, including the medical and biomedical sectors (e.g.: pacemakers, analysis equipments, microtweezers for minimally invasive surgery, micro drug delivery systems), automotive (sensors for safety in cars e.g. electrostatic field sensors for controlling airbags), aeronautics and aerospace (lightweight distributed sensors for micro crack detection), IT (ink jet printers, reading caps for hard disk, micropumps for microprocessor cooling) and telecommunication (e.g. micro optical switches) as well as in more innovative areas, such as household appliances, entertainment and sport equipment (noise canceller ear plugs, variable stiffness tennis racket, skis equipped with piezoelectric active dampers). Nevertheless microproducts have still great difficulty in penetrating the market, mainly due to the limits of the fabrication processes. Indeed, the two main approaches, monolithic and hybrid, show both many issues to overcome. On one side, the monolithic approach has the consolidate expertise of lithographic processes for the manufacturing of electronic devices on one hand, but on the other hand it has the difficulty in producing three dimensional microdevices with good mechanical properties. On the other side, the hybrid approach is suitable for the fabrication of three dimensional microscopic structures but often fails in assembling processes (12). In order to overcome these issues, new materials have often been studied at microscale to extend the manipulation principles of macroproducts to microsystems (e.g. SMA microgripper (1)), but the techniques imported from the assembly of macro components are, usually, not adaptable for microcomponents, which are subject to very strong superficial forces (3). Therefore new techniques for the manipulation of microcomponents, based on innovative principles, have been conceived and have to be further developed. In this paper the use of new materials in combination with a new handling principle has been proposed and the preliminary results concerning the study of the electrostrictive behavior of a dielectric polymeric smart material, which is promising for the assembly of microcomponents, has been presented.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
A study of the fractures produced in glass blocks by impact

Abstract This paper discusses the fractures produced by the impact of steel balls on glass plates for a wide range of impact velocities. Four aspects of the problem have been considered. First, the appearance and geometrical form of the fractures were examined as a function of the impact velocity, and it was found that the Hertzian cone fracture grew and penetrated further and further into the glass plates as the velocity of impact was increased. At higher velocities two or more Hertzian cracks were formed and radial fractures also appeared; these eventually fractured the whole specimen. Also, at the highest velocities a powdering of the glass surface was observed immediately under the centre of the impact. This was presumably due to formation of a multitude of tiny cracks, which were then subjected to large compressive forces, which crushed the glass fragments. The second study was concerned with measuring the coefficient of restitution as a function of velocity, when fracture took place. The most remarkable result here was that the formation of small fractures produced no noticeable effect on the rebound height and thus appeared to dissipate very little energy. At higher velocities of impact much more energy was dissipated and the scatter observed in the values of the rebound heights was found to be very large. The third investigation was to record the surface waves produced on glass blocks by impacts of steel balls and observe the effect that fracture has on the stress pulse which propagated out from the impact. These experiments showed very clearly the presence of fractures, when they occurred, as sharp jumps in the output of the strain gauges used to detect the stress waves. A number of interesting results emerged from these experiments; thus when fracture occurred the pulse shape differed when observed in different radial directions. As the velocity of impact increased, the fracture occurred earlier and earlier in the impact process, and the amplitude and number of jumps also increased. For the impacts of 0.5 in. dia. balls the pulse shape did not change appreciably with distance of travel in the region examined, and at radial distances greater than about 1.5 in., the amplitude decreased approximately inversely as the square root of the radial distance of travel. For shorter radial distances the amplitude fell off more rapidly than this. The fourth study was an approximate mathematical treatment of the wave propagation produced by such Hertzian impacts on an elastic half-space. A number of simplifying assumptions had to be made in order to keep the mathematical and numerical analysis tractable. Thus the area of contact was taken to be fixed throughout the impact and the stress distribution in the contact area was assumed to be uniform. The analysis, however, gave surprisingly close agreement with the experimental pulse shapes.
The structure of the GRK2–Gβγ complex: intimate association of G-protein signaling modules

G-protein-mediated signaling is the most widely used signaling mechanism in cells and its regulation is crucial for various physiological functions. G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) are involved in the desensitization of GPCR signals. Recently, the X-ray crystal structure of GRK2 complexed with G beta gamma was demonstrated and revealed the intimate association of three important signaling modules with G beta gamma to regulate GRK2 activity.
An overview of active load control techniques for wind turbines with an emphasis on microtabs

This paper outlines the benefits and challenges of utilizing active flow control (AFC) for wind turbines. The goal of AFC is to mitigate damaging loads and control the aeroelastic response of wind turbine blades. This can be accomplished by sensing changes in turbine operation and activating devices to adjust the sectional lift coefficient and/or local angle of attack. Fifteen AFC devices are introduced, and four are described in more detail. Non-traditional trailing-edge flaps, plasma actuators, vortex generator jets and microtabs are examples of devices that hold promise for wind turbine control. The microtab system is discussed in further detail including recent experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness in a three-dimensional environment. Wind tunnel tests indicated that a nearly constant change in CL over a wide range of angles of attack is possible with microtab control. Using an angle of attack of 5 degrees as a reference, microtabs with a height of 1.5%c were capable of increasing CL by +0.21 (37%) and decreasing CL by −0.23 (−40%). The results are consistent with findings from past two-dimensional experiments and numerical efforts. Through comparisons to other load control studies, the controllable range of this microtab system is determined to be suitable for smart blade applications. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tight bound for the density of sequence of integers the sum of no two of which is a perfect square

Erdos and Sarkozy proposed the problem of determining the maximal density attainable by a set S of positive integers having the property that no two distinct elements of S sum up to a perfect square. Massias [(Sur les suites dont les sommes des terms 2 a 2 ne sont par des carr)] exhibited such a set consisting of all x ≡ 1 (mod 4) with x ≡ 14, 26, 30 (mod 32). Lagarias et al. [(J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 33 (1982) 167)] showed that for any positive integer n, one cannot find more than 11/32n residue classes (modn) such that the sum of any two is never congruent to a square (modn), thus essentially proving that the Massias' set has the best possible density. They [(J. Combin. Theory Sen A 34 (1983) 123)] also proved that the density of such a set S is never > 0.475 when we allow general sequences. We improve on the lower bound for general sequences, essentially proving that it is not 0.475, but arbitrarily close to 11/32, the same as that for sequences made up of only arithmetic progressions.
Why Is It So Difficult to Inhibit Behavior

(1998). Why Is It So Difficult to Inhibit Behavior? Psychological Inquiry: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 212-216.
Behavioral and Demographic Consequences of Access to Early-Successional Habitat in Juvenile Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla): An Experimental Approach

ABSTRACT. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that mature-forest songbirds use successional habitat heavily during the postfledging period, implicit, but yet untested, is the assumption that successional habitat provides high-quality postfledging habitat and promotes juvenile survival. We experimentally tested how access to and use of successional habitat (i.e., regenerating clearcuts) influenced survival and behavior of independent juvenile Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla). Between 2004 and 2006, we captured and radiotagged 85 Ovenbirds in regenerating clearcuts in southeast Ohio. Radiotagged Ovenbirds were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups that were released in (1) the original clearcut of capture, (2) a different clearcut of similar age, or (3) a mature forest. Survival of independent juveniles at 52 days was similar among experimental treatments, at 83%. Juvenile survival tended to increase with understory vegetation density and individual energetic condition. Juveniles sele...
Solar access of residential rooftops in four California cities

Shadows cast by trees and buildings can limit the solar access of rooftop solar-energy systems, including photovoltaic panels and thermal collectors. This study characterizes residential rooftop shading in Sacramento, San Jose, Los Angeles and San Diego, CA. Our analysis can be used to better estimate power production and/or thermal collection by rooftop solar-energy equipment. It can also be considered when designing programs to plant shade trees. High-resolution orthophotos and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) measurements of surface height were used to create a digital elevation model of all trees and buildings in a well-treed 2.5-4 km{sup 2} residential neighborhood. On-hour shading of roofing planes (the flat elements of roofs) was computed geometrically from the digital elevation model. Values in future years were determined by repeating these calculations after simulating tree growth. Parcel boundaries were used to determine the extent to which roofing planes were shaded by trees and buildings in neighboring parcels. For the subset of S + SW + W-facing planes on which solar equipment is commonly installed for maximum solar access, absolute light loss in spring, summer and fall peaked about 2 to 4 h after sunrise and about 2 to 4 h before sunset. The fraction ofmore » annual insolation lost to shading increased from 0.07-0.08 in the year of surface-height measurement to 0.11-0.14 after 30 years of tree growth. Only about 10% of this loss resulted from shading by trees and buildings in neighboring parcels. (author)« less
Satellite-to-Satellite Range-Rate Measurement

The measurement of range rate between two low-orbiting spacecraft with a precision of better than 1 ?m/s provides a means for sensing global gravity variability. An analysis is given to show the conditions under which this precision can be realized, with emphasis on the requirements of NASA's Geopotential Research Mission. Experimental results obtained with a millimeter-wave demonstration system are presented along with a proposed design for a spaceborne instrument.
The effects of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) treatment on brain function in individuals with phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare genetic condition characterized by an absence or mutation of the PAH enzyme, which is necessary for the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. Recently, sapropterin dihydrochloride, a synthetic form of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), has been introduced as a supplemental treatment to dietary phe control for PKU. Very little is known regarding BH4 treatment and its effect on brain and cognition. The present study represents the first examination of potential changes in neural activation in patients with PKU during BH4 treatment. To this end, we utilized an n-back working memory task in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate functional brain integrity in a sample of individuals with PKU at three timepoints: Just prior to BH4 treatment, after 4 weeks of treatment, and after 6 months of treatment. Neural activation patterns observed for the PKU treatment group were compared with those of a demographically-matched sample of healthy non-PKU individuals who were assessed at identical time intervals. Consistent with past research, baseline evaluation revealed impaired working memory and atypical brain activation in the PKU group as compared to the non-PKU group. Most importantly, BH4 treatment was associated with improvements in both working memory and brain activation, with neural changes evident earlier (4-week timepoint) than changes in working memory performance (6-month timepoint).
Transport of methyl tert-butyl ether through alfalfa plants.

Concentrations measured in alfalfa plant stem segments indicated that plants grown in methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated soil took up the chemical through their roots. Assuming a cylindrical shape for the plant stem, a mathematical model was developed to describe the transport of MTBE through the stems. Simulation results from uniform and nonuniform initial concentration distributions across the stem radius were compared with steady-state experimental data. With known values of plant stem radius, water usage, water content, and the distance over which the concentration decreased by 50%, the diffusion coefficient of MTBE radial transport across the plant stem was estimated with 95% confidence to be in the range of 8.43-16.2 × 10 -8 cm 2 /s with a mean of 1.23 × 10 -7 cm 2 / s. When the diffusion coefficient was calculated based on transient experimental data, the values with 95% confidence interval ranged from 4.14 x 10 -7 to 8.00 x 10 -7 cm 2 /s with a mean value of 6.07 x 10 -7 cm 2 /s. The difference between these two results can be reduced by more accurate estimation of the water flow velocity through plant stems. The model is applicable to other species including sunflowers and poplars upon substitution of appropriate parameters.
The Impact of Gabapentin Administration on Brain GABA and Glutamate Concentrations: A 7T 1H-MRS Study

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric and substance abuse conditions, but their spectral overlap with other resonances makes them a challenge to quantify in humans. Gabapentin, marketed for the treatment of seizures and neuropathic pain, has been shown to increase in vivo GABA concentration in the brain of both rodents and humans. Gabapentin effects on glutamate are not known. We conducted a gabapentin (900 mg) challenge in healthy human subjects to confirm and explore its effects on GABA and glutamate concentrations, respectively, and to test the ability of single voxel localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to reliably measure GABA and glutamate in the visual cortex at the ultra-high magnetic field of 7 Tesla. Reproducibility of GABA and glutamate measurements was determined in a comparison group without drug twice within day and 2 weeks apart. Although GABA concentration changes were small both within day (average 5.6%) and between day (average 4.8%), gabapentin administration was associated with an average increase in GABA concentration of 55.7% (6.9–91.0%). Importantly, drug-induced change in GABA levels was inversely correlated to the individual's baseline GABA level (R2=0.72). Mean glutamate concentrations did not change significantly with or without drug administration. In conclusion, localized 1H-MRS at 7 Tesla can be successfully applied to the measurement of GABA concentration and is sensitive to acute drug-induced changes in cortical GABA. Whether baseline GABA concentrations predict clinical efficacy of gabapentin is an area worthy of exploration.
A ``hydrodynamic'' theory of surface reaction rates

The Brownian motion of adsorbed particles is described in terms of the first four velocity moments of the distribution function (number density, momentum density, energy density and energy current density). The resulting hydrodynamic equations turn out to be sufficient for a simple derivation and extension of Kramers' results for chemical reaction ratesκ in terms of the friction constantγ of an underlying Fokker-Planck equation. An interpolation formula is obtained forκ(γ) containing Kramers' results for smallγ and largeγ as limiting cases. For temperaturesT small compared to the well depthV 0 one finds a large regionT/V 0≲γ/v 0≲V 0/T in which Eyring's absolute rate theory is approximately valid.
Cytochrome b5-mediated redox cycling of estrogen.

Abstract Previously, we have demonstrated microsomal cytochrome P450-catalyzed redox cycling of estrogens. In this study, we investigated the role of cytochrome b 5 in redox cycling in order to obtain a full understanding of enzymatic contributions to redox reactions of estrogens. Pure cytochrome P450c and hydrogen peroxide or cumene hydroperoxide oxidized diethylstilbestrol (DES) to diethylstilbestrol-4′,4″-quinone (DES Q). This oxidation by H 2 O 2 was doubled by addition of cytochrome b 5 to cytochrome P450c (molar ratio of 1:4), but did not proceed with cytochrome b 5 alone. The stimulation by cytochrome b 5 of the cytochrome P450c-catalyzed oxidation of DES to DES Q occurred via modulation of the V max of cytochrome P450c rather than of the K m . DES Q was reduced to DES by purified cytochrome b 5 and NADH-dependent cytochrome b 5 reductase. Pretreatment of microsomes with an antibody to cytochrome b 5 reductase inhibited microsomal NADH-dependent reduction of DES Q to DES by 55%. Cytochrome b 5 likely participates in the oxidation of DES to DES Q by interacting with cytochrome P450c and in the reduction of DES Q to DES by interacting with cytochrome b 5 reductase. Thus, the study demonstrates that cytochrome b 5 plays an active role in biological oxidation and reduction reactions.
Pressure support versus thermal broadening in the Lyman α forest - I. Effects of the equation of state on longitudinal structure

In the low density intergalactic medium (IGM) that gives rise to the Lyman-� forest, gas tem- perature and density are tightly correlated. The velocity s cale of thermal broadening and the Hubble flow across the gas Jeans scale are of similar magnitud e (HJ � �th). To separate the effects of gas pressure support and thermal broadening on the Lyforest, we compare spectra extracted from two smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations evolved with different photoionization heating rates (and thus differe nt Jeans scales) and from the pressure- less dark matter distribution, imposing different tempera ture-density relations on the evolved particle distributions. The dark matter spectra are simila r but not identical to those created from the full gas distributions, showing that thermal broadening sets the longitudinal (line- of-sight) scale of the Lyforest. The turnover scales in the flux power spectrum and flux autocorrelation function are determined mainly by thermal broadening rather than pressure. However, the insensitivity to pressure arises partly from a cancellation effect with a sloped temperature-density relation (T / � 0.6 in our simulations): the high density peaks in the colder, lower pressure simulation are less smoothed by pressure support than in the hotter simulation, and it is this higher density gas that experienc es the strongest thermal broadening. Changes in thermal broadening and pressure support have comparably important effects on the flux probability distribution (PDF), which responds dir ectly to the gas overdensity dis- tribution rather than the scale on which it is smooth. Tests o n a lower resolution simulation (2 × 144 3 vs. 2 × 288 3 particles in a 12:5h 1 Mpc comoving box) show that our statistical results are converged even at this lower resolution. While thermal broadening generally dom- inates the longitudinal structure in the Lyforest, we show in Paper II that pressure support determines the transverse coherence of the forest observed towards close quasar pairs.
Representing primary electrophoretic data in the 1/time domain: comparison to representations in the time domain.

A plot of absorbance vs 1/time (the “1/time domain”) is a more useful representation of the primary data in capillary electrophoresis than traditional plots of absorbance vs time (the “time domain”) in a wide set of circumstances, especially when comparing electropherograms in which the rate of electroosmotic flow is not precisely the same. The quantity that is of fundamental interest in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is the electrophoretic mobility of an analyte. The electrophoretic mobility of a species is nonlinearly proportional to time and, therefore, not linearly represented in the time domain: that is, the distance between two peaks along the time axis is not linearly related to the difference in their electrophoretic mobilities. In contrast, the electrophoretic mobility is linearly proportional to 1/time, and the distance between two peaks along the 1/time axis is linearly related to the difference in electrophoretic mobilities. Plots in the 1/time domain are similar to the familiar plots in the ...
Prospectus for a Multimodal Study of Single Sourcing and Content Management

This paper presents the rationale, objectives, and research plan for a multimodal investigation to measure and describe the use of single sourcing (SS) and content management (CM) within technical and professional communication. Though SS and CM have generated considerable interest in our field, we do not have reliable, empirical data on how widely and significantly these methods and tools are affecting the work lives of practitioners. In May 2007, the Society for Technical Communication awarded this author a research grant of $10,000 to fund a year-long study that will provide quantitative and qualitative data on how widely SS and CM are being used within technical communication and how these technologies are affecting practitioners in terms of routine tasks, workflow, required knowledge and skills, productivity, and job satisfaction. The conference presentation will summarize preliminary findings from interviews, site visits, and a pilot version of the survey.
‘Fit audience, though few’: Romanticism and Physical Education in the 1820s

Early nineteenth-century England saw the emergence of any number of social, cultural and political practices – everything from a vogue for French cuisine to a nascent representative democracy – that have in subsequent decades and centuries become so fully woven into the fabric of everyday life as to seem routine. Such practices have now become veiled behind that ‘film of familiarity’ that, as Coleridge noted famously in the Biographia Literaria, makes them effectively invisible. One such innovation from the period is, surprisingly enough, a concern for purposive exercise, physical education, and physical fitness. Sparked in London by the ideas and practices of several refugees from the Continent, interest in ‘German gymnastics’ blossomed in the 1820s into an early but rather short-lived fitness boom: several private practitioners established themselves as what we would call ‘personal trainers’ or ‘physical therapists’, new gymnasiums opened offering fitness classes on a subscription basis to the general public, and at a meeting at the Mechanics’ Institute in 1826, the London Gymnastic Society was formed. This was a novel development for the British. While there had been occasional individual bouts of exercise devoted to improving a single person’s fitness or demonstrating some athletic feat to the astonished spectators, and while there had been organised physical training directed toward some broader purpose such as military service, ‘country sports’, or even pedestrian tourism, collective classes undertaken for the sole purpose of improving the participants’ level of physical fitness constituted an innovation of the era. In effect, the classes in step aerobics, cross-training, and pilates that keep people streaming in to the local gymnasium or fitness centre today are an unlikely product of the Romantic period. The present essay outlines the general history of this emergent concern with physical fitness and then suggests that a key reason for its flourishing in England in the 1820s and early 1830s was an implicit connection with, on the one hand, the discourses of literary
The Somato-Chroma Apperception Test: A Quantitative Projective Technique.

(1966). The Somato-Chroma Apperception Test: A Quantitative Projective Technique. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 253-272.
Vector mesons as Regge poles in perturbation theory

It is shown that vector mesons may become Regge particles in higher orders of renormalizable perturbation theory. (auth)
Sampled-data filtering for linear parameter varying systems

In this paper, we address the sampled-data filter design problem for continuous-time linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. The filtering error system obtained from augmenting a continuous-time LPV system and the sampled-data filter is a hybrid system. The sampled-data filter design objective is to ensure the error system stability and a prescribed level of the induced energy-to-energy gain (or norm) from the disturbance input to the estimation error. To this purpose, we employ a lifting method to derive an equivalent discrete-time LPV representation for the continuous-time LPV system. In the present study, the sampled-data filter synthesis conditions are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequality optimisation problems. The viability of the proposed design method to cope with variable sampling rates is illustrated through numerical examples, where reliable estimation of the LPV system outputs is achieved.
Normality and controllability for the problem of bolza

In this paper we describe the relationship between the normality of an extremal arc in the classical sense and the controllability of the constraint differential equations.
Experimental study of the join tremolite-tschermakite: A reinvestigation

The inability to synthesize pure tschermakite over the range of 6–15 kbar and 700–850° C, the optimal conditions reported by Oba (1978), prompted a reinvestigation of the join tremolite-tschermakite which was originally investigated by Jasmund and Schafer (1972). The results of syntheses performed in 10 mol% increments along this join at 12 kbar and 850° C indicate that solid solution exists only in the composition range or TS0TR100 to TS50 TR50. This was confirmed by direct chemical analyses of the synthetic amphiboles and by monitoring the shift in the d310. Syntheses along this same join at 3 kbar and 850° C reveal an even more limited range of solid solution, namely from TS0TR100 to TS10TR90, which was also confirmed by direct analyses and variation in the d310 values. Comparison of the results at 3 kbar and 12 kbar indicates a pressure dependency of Al solubility in tremolite corresponding to 0.17 Al (total)/kbar on the basis of 23 oxygens. An attempt to re-equilibrate tremolite and an Al-rich amphibole at 6 kbar and 850° C to an intermediate composition resulted in the Al-rich amphibole displaying the best evidence of re-equilibration, which was to a lower Al content. This observation supports the results obtained from the synthesis experiments by showing that decreased pressure decreases the Al solubility. It is emphasized that the Al content of natural calcic amphiboles, whose compositions are approximately modeled by the join tremolite-pargasite, is probably a function of both pressure and temperature and must ultimately be calibrated in a fashion analogous to the pyroxenes.
An efficient high‐frequency analysis of modal reflection and transmission coefficients for a class of waveguide discontinuities

A high-frequency analysis of electromagnetic modal reflection and transmission coefficients is presented for waveguide discontinuities formed by joining different waveguide sections. The analysis uses an extended version of the concept of geometrical theory of diffraction based equivalent edge currents in conjunction with the reciprocity theorem to describe interior scattering effects. If the waveguide modes and their associated modal rays can be found explicitly, general two- and three-dimensional waveguide geometries can be analyzed. Expressions are developed for two-dimensional reflection and transmission coefficients. Numerical results are given for a flanged, semi-infinite parallel plate waveguide and for the junction between two linearly tapered waveguides.
Dietary fats and effects of internal radiation by P32.

Mice were maintained on various experimental diets and injected with single dose of radioactive phosphate (4 to 5 ation c/g). Higher% of survivors and longer survival time were observed in animals on fat-free diet as compared with those fed diets containing 30% corn oil, or 30% hydrogenated coconut oil. However, with these high-fat diets, as well as with diets containing only minimal amounts of fats, a better survival was demonstrable when highly unsaturated fatty acids were present. It appears that, if definite announts of these fatty acids are included, a low-fat diet should be beneficial in alleviating effects of internal radiation by P/sup 32/. (auth)
Group Process in the Resolution of Ethnonational Conflicts: The Case of Estonia

The dimension of alterity as process and trajectory between absolute alterity and relative alterity is the subject of this article. The dimension of alterity as process of engagement between Self and Other that can potentially make continuity out of the antinomies of absolute and relative alterity will be shown to reveal itself in the arena of conflict enactment and resolution between two feuding factions. I propose that Self as agency is an approximation, the Other as absolute a misnomer; and that when Self and Other engage in a process of resolution of conflict, an ambiguous play space opens up fostering an exchange of representations of Self and Other.
A theory for memory-based learning

A memory-based learning system is an extended memory management system that decomposes the input space either statically or dynamically into subregions for the purpose of storing and retrieving functional information. The main generalization techniques employed by memory-based learning systems are the nearest-neighbor search, space decomposition techniques, and clustering. Research on memory-based learning is still in its early stage. In particular, there are very few rigorous theoretical results regarding memory requirement, sample size, expected performance, and computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a model for memory-based learning and use it to analyze several methods— e-covering, hashing, clustering, tree-structured clustering, and receptive-fields— for learning smooth functions. The sample size and system complexity are derived for each method. Our model is built upon the generalized PAC learning model of Haussler and is closely related to the method of vector quantization in data compression. Our main result is that we can build memory-based learning systems using new clustering algorithms [LiVb] to PAC-learn in polynomial time using only polynomial storage in typical situations.
Viral infections acquired during neonatal intensive care and lung function of preterm infants at follow‐up

Yuksel B, Greenough A. Viral infections acquired during neonatal intensive care and lung function of preterm infants at follow-up. Acta Pzdiatr 1994;83:117–18. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253 Respiratory function was assessed at a median postnatal age of seven months in seven infants born prematurely who suffered from chronic lung disease and had a proven viral infection while on the neonatal unit (study group). The results were compared with those of seven infants with chronic lung disease who were gestational age- and gender-matched but who did not have a viral infection (controls). Six of the study group and two controls were symptomatic at follow-up. Airways resistance was significantly higher (p < 0.04) and specific conductance significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the study group compared with the controls. We conclude in premature infants with chronic lung disease that viral infections acquired in the neonatal nursery are associated with impaired lung function at follow-up.