cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
D-cycloserine 24 and 48 hours after asphyxial cardiac arrest has no effect on hippocampal CA1 neuropathology.

Stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) contributes to regenerative neuroplasticity following the initial excitotoxic insult during cerebral ischemia. Stimulation of NMDAR with the partial NMDAR agonist D-cycloserine (DCS) improves outcome and restores hippocampal synaptic plasticity in models of closed head injury. We thus hypothesized that DCS would improve outcome following restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from cardiac arrest (CA). DCS (10 mg/kg, IP) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 250–330 g; 63–84 days old) 24 and 48 hours after 6 or 8 minutes of asphyxial CA. Heart rate and blood pressure declined similarly in all groups. Animals showed neurological deficits after 6 and 8 minutes CA (P 0.05, Tukey).
Marine Magnetic Anomalies--The Origin of the Stripes

The results of recent observational and theoretical investigations of lineated magnetic anomalies on the ocean floor are summarized in tables, graphs, and diagrams and analyzed. Topics addressed include early lineation models, inversions of magnetic anomalies to obtain source functions, deep-tow studies of magnetic anomalies, evidence from the long-wavelength component of the magnetic field (including Magsat observations), and direct measurements of the magnetic properties of oceanic rocks. It is concluded that the source of the lineated anomalies must reside in most of the oceanic crust, not just in the pillow lavas of layer 2A.
The relationship between surface derivatization and the physical properties of bisarylphosphinidenetriironnonacarbonyl clusters

Abstract A series of clusters, Fe3(CO)9(μ3-P–p-C6H4X)(μ3-P–p-C6H4X′) (X=X′=NMe2, OCH3, CH3, Cl, CF3, CN; X=CN, X′=NMe2) has been prepared using functionalized p-XC6H4PCl2 starting materials. The influence of changes in the X groups on the physical properties of the Fe3(CO)9 cluster core are examined. This cluster series displays two one-electron reductions to produce stable radical monoanions and diamagnetic dianions, allowing the behavior of all three species to be examined. Infrared, 31P and 1H NMR, and electron paramagnetic resonance (of the radical monoanion) spectroscopies as well as the structural characterization of two members of the series, Fe3(CO)9(μ3-P–p-C6H4X)(μ3-P–p-C6H4X′) (X=X′=NMe2; X=CN, X′=NMe2) by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods all indicate that the cluster structures are invariant with the nature of X. The Hammett linear free energy relationship is used to quantify the observed changes in cluster properties. Analysis of infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance and cyclic voltammetry data by the Hammett equation quantify the communication between the cluster surface and the Fe3(CO)9 core. Fenske–Hall molecular orbital calculations were used to assess the important orbital interactions between the substituted phenyl rings and the Fe3(CO)9 cluster core.
GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FOR THE TACTICAL FIXED INTERVAL SCHEDULING PROBLEM

Discrete optimization problems are usually NP hard. The structural characteristics of these problems significantly dictate the solution landscape. In this paper, we explore a structure-based approach to solving these kinds of problems. We use a reinforcement learning system to adaptively learn the structural characteristics of the problem, hereby decomposing the problem into several subproblems. Based on these structural characteristics, we develop a Genetic Algorithm by using structural operations to recombine these subproblems together to solve the problem. The reinforcement learning system directs the GA. We test our algorithm on the Tactical Fixed Interval Scheduling Problem(TFISP) which is the problem of determining the minimum number of parallel non-identical machine such that a feasible schedule exists for a given set of jobs. This work continues our work in exploiting structure for optimization.
Transplantation Versus Prosthetic Replacement of the Heart

The cardiac allograft has a far superior clinical record than the mechanical device or artificial heart. Further efforts in two-staged cardiac replacement are encouraged using, initially, an orthotopic total replacement of the nonfunctioning heart and, later, substitution by a cardiac allograft. Orthotopic cardiac replacement with a mechanical device offers promise, but elective clinical application may be delayed for many years.
Identification of a Conserved Interface between PUF and CPEB Proteins

Members of the PUF (Pumilio and FBF) and CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding) protein families collaborate to regulate mRNA expression throughout eukaryotes. Here, we focus on the physical interactions between members of these two families, concentrating on Caenorhabditis elegans FBF-2 and CPB-1. To localize the site of interaction on FBF-2, we identified conserved amino acids within C. elegans PUF proteins. Deletion of an extended loop containing several conserved residues abolished binding to CPB-1. We analyzed alanine substitutions at 13 individual amino acids in FBF-2, each identified via its conservation. Multiple single point mutations disrupted binding to CPB-1 but not to RNA. Position Tyr-479 was particularly critical as multiple substitutions to other amino acids at this position did not restore binding. The complex of FBF-2 and CPB-1 repressed translation of an mRNA containing an FBF binding element. Repression required both proteins and was disrupted by FBF-2 alleles that failed to bind CPB-1 or RNA. The equivalent loop in human PUM2 is required for binding to human CPEB3 in vitro, although the primary sequences of the human and C. elegans PUF proteins have diverged in that region. Our findings define a key region in PUF/CPEB interactions and imply a conserved platform through which PUF proteins interact with their protein partners.
Isodesmic reactions for transition states: Reactions of Cl atoms with methane and halogenated methanes

The performance of the technique of isodesmic reactions for transition states (IRTS) has been analyzed via application to 17 reactions of abstraction of hydrogen atoms from methane and halogenated methanes by Cl atom. A variety of quantum chemical methods and basis sets was used. The calculated energy barriers demonstrate linear correlations with those derived from modeling of the experimental rate constant data, in agreement with the prediction based on the IRTS formalism. The results of the study confirm the validity of the technique of isodesmic reactions for transition states for calculation of reaction rates and demonstrate the existence of method-specific systematic errors in calculations of reaction barriers. The technique of isodesmic reactions is directed at factoring out and eliminating these systematic errors. The predictive ability of the technique is directly related to the quality of the observed correlations. Average and maximum deviations from the best fit lines on the correlation plots de...
The TRI0-01 experiment: In-situ tritium recovery results

The TRIO-01 experiment is a test of in-situ tritium recovery from ..gamma..-LiAlO/sub 2/ with test conditions chosen to simulate those anticipated in fusion power reactors. A status report is presented which describes qualitatively the results observed during the irradiation phase of the experiment. Both the rate of tritium release and the chemical forms of tritium were measured using a helium sweep gas which flowed past the breeder material to a gas analysis system.
Improving memory performance in reconfigurable computing architecture through hardware-assisted dynamic graph

Being “memory-centric”, the single-chip distributed logic-memory (DLM) architecture can significantly improve the overall performance and energy efficiency of many memory-intensive embedded applications, especially those that exhibit irregular array data access patterns at algorithmic level. However, implementing DLM architecture poses unique challenges to an FPGA designer in terms of 1) organizing and partitioning diverse on-chip memory resources, and 2) orchestrating effective data transmission between on-chip and off-chip memory. In this paper, we offer our solutions to both of these challenges. Specifically, 1) we propose a stochastic memory partitioning scheme based on the well-known simulated annealing algorithm. It obtains memory partitioning solutions that promote parallelized memory accesses by exploring large solution space; 2) we augment the proposed DLM architecture with a reconfigure hardware graph that can dynamically compute precedence relationship between memory partitions, thus effectively exploiting algorithmic level memory parallelism on a per-application basis. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach (A3) against two other DLM architecture synthesizing methods: an algorithmic centric reconfigurable computing architectures with a single monolithic memory (A1) and the heterogeneous distributed architectures synthesized according to [1] (A2). To make our comparison fair, in all three architectures, the data path remains the same while local memory architecture differs. For each of ten benchmark applications from SPEC2006 and MiBench [2], we break down the performance benefit of using A3 into two parts: the portion due to stochastic local memory partitioning and the portion due to the dynamic graph-based memory arbitration. All experiments have been conducted with a Virtex-5 (XCV5LX155T2) FPGA. On average, our experimental results show that our proposed A3 architecture outperforms A2 and A1 by 34% and 250%, respectively. Within the performance improvement of A3 over A2, more than 70% improvement comes from the hardware graph-based memory scheduling.
Emergency Saving and Household Hardship

Households with limited income and wealth often struggle to access the financial liquidity needed to address unexpected expenses or income drops. Emergency savings can act as form of insurance against such economic shocks and reduce the risk of hardships that influence family wellbeing. Prior research has established that threshold amounts of liquid assets can reduce the risk of economic hardship. This study used a measure of self-reported emergency saving behavior to examine whether households who reported saving for emergencies were less likely to experience subsequent economic hardships in a longitudinal sample of households in disadvantaged neighborhoods from the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s Making Connections project. Results across a range of regression models suggest that households who saved for emergencies experienced slightly less overall hardship and were less likely to report several specific hardships, such as food insecurity and having a phone disconnected, three years later. This study supports the idea that small, unrestricted savings may play a protective role for low-income households.
Time-resolved coherent Raman spectroscopy by high-speed pump-probe delay scanning

Using a spinning window pump-probe delay scanner, we demonstrate a means of acquiring time-resolved vibrational spectra at rates up to 700 Hz. The time-dependent phase shift accumulated by the probe pulse in the presence of a coherently vibrating sample gives rise to a Raman-induced frequency shifting readily detectable in a balanced detector. This rapid delay scanning system represents a 23-fold increase in averaging speed and is >10× faster than state-of-the-art voice coil delay lines. These advancements make pump-probe spectroscopy a more practical means of imaging complex media.
Retention deficits produced in monkeys with reversible cold lesions in the prestriate cortex

Cryodes were implanted over the prelunate fusiform gyri in 4 monkeys. The intention was to block the prestriate projection to the inferotemporal cortex (IT). Cooling this cortex produced deficits that were completely reversed by removing the cold. The deficits appeared in the recall of visual discriminations that were learned prior to the application of the cold, but new discriminations were learned during cooling at the same rate as in control animals. This closely resembles the results of ablation experiments in this same cortex. There was no deficit when colling this area on a delayed match-to-sample (DMS) task that required the animals to hold visual information over delays of 10 or 45 s. However, performance was close to chance during cooling when the delays were 6 min. With this long delay, when cooling was done separately at sample when the stimulus is received, or at match when the information is recalled, a significant deficit occurred only at match. The results are consistent with the suggestion that this area is involved in retrieval of visual information from long-term memory.
Tensin can induce JNK and p38 activation.

Cells organize diverse types of specialized adhesion sites upon attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. One of the physiological roles of such cell-ECM interactions is to initiate and regulate adhesion-mediated signal transduction responses. The association of cells with fibronectin fibrils has been shown to regulate the JNK and p38 signaling pathways. We tested whether tensin, a cytoskeletal component localized to both focal contacts and fibronectin-associated fibrillar adhesions, can induce these signaling pathways. We found that tensin overexpression resulted in activation of both the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 pathways. Tensin-mediated JNK activation was independent of the activities of the small GTP binding proteins Rac and Cdc42, but did depend on SEK, a kinase involved in the JNK pathway. We suggest that tensin may directly activate the JNK and p38 pathways, acting downstream or independent of the activities of the small GTP binding proteins Rac and Cdc42.
Making Sense of Suffering and Death: How Health Care Providers' Construct Meanings in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit*

Biomedical technology has progressed at a pace that has created a new set of patient care dilemmas. Health care providers in intensive care units where life-sustaining therapies are both initiated and withdrawn encounter clinical scenarios that raise new existential, theological, and moral questions. We hypothesized that there might be broad patterns in how such staff understand these questions and make sense and meaning from their work. Such meaning making might be the key to working with the critically ill and dying while helping to create and sustain a meaningful context for personal living. This article presents themes evident in an in depth analysis of open-text responses to a spiritual and religious questionnaire survey completed by staff in one neonatal intensive care unit. The data reveal the central roles of perceived infant suffering and death in these providers’ work experience and details how they understand the ultimate meaning of the suffering and death. We investigate patterns in how different providers articulate their individual attributes and motivations for working in intensive care. We found a surprising range of religious, spiritual, existential, and other meaning-making systems that underpin how staffs understand their work and how, certain of them, even define their purpose in life as caring for critically ill infants and their families.
Nominal Exchange Rate Anchoring Under Inflation Inertia

This paper develops a theory of inflation inertia based on forward looking staggered price setting in the nontradable goods sector of a small open economy. Unlike current theories of sticky prices, transitions to a lower steady state inflation rate take time even if they are fully credible, and they are associated with significant output losses in nontradables There is a welfare trade-off between these output losses and the gains from smaller inflationary distortions. Gains exceed losses for most calibrations. The optimal steady state is the Friedman rule.
Effects of a crude oil spill on water quality and macrobenthos of a southeast Texas stream

On December 6, 1981 an oil spill of 160 barrels (25 440 liters) occurred in a small southeast Texas stream. Water quality changes, other than the presence of oil, were not evident until six months later when water temperature increased and stream flow ceased. This resulted in decreased dissolved oxygen and increased carbon dioxide concentrations. Responses of the benthic macroinvertebrate community included an increase in density of oligochaetes, decrease in numbers and taxa of chironomids, with eventual complete elimination, and low community diversity (% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaciikaiqacs% gagaqeaiaacMcaaaa!3848!\[(\bar d)\]). Decrease in oil concentration resulted in reversal of these responses. No clean water taxa were collected and complete recovery had not occurred 26 months after the spill when the study was terminated.
VNR Usage: A Matter of Regulation or Ethics?

This paper explores the use of video news releases (VNRs) without source disclosure from legal and ethical perspectives. In light of current regulatory debates regarding VNRs, the paper first examines whether journalists' use of corporate VNRs without source disclosure violates FCC regulations. It then questions the ethics of using such VNRs by examining the current code of ethics for both the public relations practitioners creating VNRs and the news organizations airing them. The paper uses the ethical construct of transparency to further examine the ethics of VNR production and exhibition without source disclosure. It finds that regardless of whether the use of VNRs without source disclosure violates current sponsorship rules, the use of such VNRs not only violates codes of ethics but also transparency, which includes values such as accountability, credibility, trust, respect, truth and honesty, reason, freedom, dignity, and duty.
Assessing officer perceptions and support for online community policing

Community-oriented policing has shaped law enforcement over the past 30 years, providing innovative strategies to identify and combat crime problems through collaborative community partnerships. The success of community policing strategies in some contexts has led some scholars and police administrators to call for the adoption of these programs in virtual environments to combat cybercrimes. It is unclear how such a program may operate or what factors affect line officer support for their use in the field. Thus, this study examined how community policing support, computer proficiency, and perceptions of the Internet and cybercrime were related to support for online community policing in a sample of officers from two Southeastern cities. The study found that support for community policing in the real world and perceptions of cybercrime severity were the two most consistently significant predictors of support for online community policing. The significance of these findings for policing practice and theory are discussed.
The trisomy 9 syndrome: multiple congenital anomalies and unusual pathological findings.

1. Andre R, Rochant H, Dreyfus B, Duhanel G, and Pecheri J: Fibros interestitielle diffuse do poumon au cours d'une maladie de Hodgkin traitee par doses elevee d'Endoxan, Bull Soc Med Hosp Paris 118:1133, 1967. 2. Rodin AE, Haggard ME, and Travis LB: Lung changes and chemotherapeutic agents in childhood: report of a case associated with cyclophosphamide therapy, Am J Dis Child 120:337, 1970. 3. Topilow AA, Rothember SP, and Cottrell T: interstitial pneumonia after prolonged treatment with cyclophosphamide, Am Rev Resp Dis 108:114, 1973. 4. Patel AR, Prabodh SC, Sasoon H, and Rao KP: Cyclophosphamide therapy and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, Cancer 38:1542, 1976. 5. Oliner H, Schwartz R, Rubio F, and Dameshek W: Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis following Busulfon therapy, Am J Med 31:134, 1961. 6. Case Record of the Massachusetts General Hospital (Case 22-1974), N Engl J Med 290:1309, 1974. 7. Sostman DH, Matthay RA, Putnam CE, and Walker Smith GJ: Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis, Medicine 55:371, 1976. 8. Nesbit M, Krivit W, Heyn R, and Sharp H: Acute and chronic effects of methotrexate on hepatic, pulmonary and skeletal systems, Cancer 37:1048, 1976. 9. Codling BW, and Chakera TM: Pulmonary fibrosis following therapy with melphalan for multiple myelomas, J Clin Pathol 25:668, 1972. 10. Twigg HL, Leon AC, Perloff JK, and Maid M: The straightback syndrome: Radiographic manifestations, Radiology 88:274, 1967. 11. Van Den Brenk HA: Pathology of irradiation, Baltimore, 1971, The Williams & Wilkins Company. 12. Gross NJ: Pulmonary effects of radiation therapy, Ann Intern Med 86:81, 1977.
Association of bathyal foraminifera with water masses in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Q-mode cluster analysis and R-mode factor analysis of benthic foraminiferal data from 120 core tops from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (87–1361 m; 26.4–29.0°N; 88.5–96.4°W) distinguish separate thanatotopes and faunal assemblages related to the five water masses present within the depth range of the samples. These water masses are the Surface Mixed Layer (SML), Gulf Water (GW), Oxygen Minimum Water (OMW), Subantarctic Intermediate Water (SAIW) and Caribbean Midwater (CMW). Reussella atlantica, Bigenerina irregularis and Angulogenerina bella are particularly associated with SML, Bulimina spicata, Planulina foveolata and Cibicidoides umbonatus with GW, Sphaeroidina bulloides, Bulimina mexicana and Siphonina bradyana with OMW, Epistominella exigua with SAIW and Gyroidinoides laevis, Cibicides wuellerstorfi, Pullenia subsphaerica, Bulimina aculeata, Gyroidinoides polius and Laticarinina pauperata with CMW. Cluster analysis also indicates the presence of three faunal groups related to water depth and bottom-water oxygen content within the OMW assemblage. An additional assemblage recognized in the Mississippi River Delta area may be related to low-oxygen conditions above the normal depth for the oxygen minimum. The close correspondence between the results of cluster and factor analyses suggests that similar numerical analyses of fossil data should be useful in deciphering ancient bathyal assemblages influenced by water-mass properties.
Polynomial Remainder Sequences and Determinants

(1966). Polynomial Remainder Sequences and Determinants. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 73, No. 7, pp. 708-712.
Weak shock waves in the ionosphere

It is shown that in the D region of the ionosphere the shock formed by the nose of a sounding rocket introduces serious errors in measurement of the ionic composition of the region. A simple model of the chemistry of the ionosphere is developed, which correctly predicts the equilibrium composition of the D region as estimated by Nicolet and Aikin. Using this model, we calculate the chemical structure of a weak shock in the ionosphere. The result is compared with an equilibrium calculation. The effects of impurities are discussed.
The discounting controversy of deferred income taxes

Abstract This article examines the controversy related to discounting deferred income taxes. A brief background is provided and then the controversy surrounding discounting is analyzed. It is concluded that discounting is too burdensome to consider implementing, and the FASB needs to look at the discounting issue more extensively.
Comprehension Zone: Caution! Teaching Required

AbstractClassroom teachers, in K–12 and even in college, can help students achieve higher levels of reading comprehension. Regardless of the content area, teachers can help struggling readers using the comprehension mini-lesson—a step-by-step research-based intervention.
New York UHF-TV Project of the FCC

The Federal Communications Commission is in the process of conducting a test of UHF television in New York City to determine the technical and economic feasibility of using this band to provide satisfactory television service to large cities with special emphasis on the canyon areas of such cities. This paper summarizes the Project organization and provides a progress report. Since the transmitting installation has just been brought into a near completion stage, and the Project will last for another year, this is a discussion of the method of attack rather than a report of results obtained.
Relationships Between Bilingualism and Adaptive Creative Style, Innovative Creative Style, and Creative Strengths Among Korean American Students

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a relationship among different degrees of bilingualism and creativity (adaptive creative style, innovative creative style, creative strengths). A total of 116 Korean American students participated in this study. They consisted of 49 boys with the mean age of 11.8 and 65 girls with the mean age of 11.3. The Word Association Test and the Subjective Self Rating were used to determine the degrees of bilingualism, and the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking–Figural was used to measure creative potential. The results indicated that the degree of bilingualism was positively associated with creativity, and more specifically, with the adaptive creative style and creative strengths.
FreeDOM: a new baseline for the web

Free web services often face growing pains. In the current client-server access model, the cost of providing a service increases with its popularity. This leads organizations that want to provide services free-of-charge to rely to donations, advertisements, or mergers with larger companies to cope with operational costs.This paper proposes an alternative architecture for deploying services that allows more web services to be offered for free. We leverage recent developments in web technologies to combine the portability of the existing web with the user-powered scalability of distributed P2P solutions. We show how this solution addresses issues of user security, data sharing, and application distribution. By employing an easily composable communication interface and rich storage permissions, the FreeDOM architecture encourages flexible interactions between applications while enforcing privacy controls. We demonstrate the applicability of this architecture by presenting a SQL database and a community-supported Wiki as case studies.
Relationship Between Gingival Angiopoietin-1 Concentrations and Depth of the Adjacent Gingival Sulcus

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess concentrations of angiopoietin (Ang)-1 at various stages of gingival inflammation. Ang-1 is an anti-inflammatory mediator present in various inflammatory diseases. However, its presence during the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation has not been established in vivo.Methods: Gingiva was obtained from 110 human donors before extraction of the adjacent teeth. The tissue was grouped based on adjacent probing depth and bleeding on probing (BOP). Gingiva adjacent to a ≤3-mm sulcus without BOP was classified as “normal” (N); gingiva adjacent to a 3-mm sulcus with BOP was classified as “diseased, slight” (DS); gingiva adjacent to a 4- to 6-mm sulcus featuring BOP was classified as “diseased, moderate” (DM); and gingiva adjacent to >6-mm sulci was classified as “diseased, severe” (DSev). Tissues were solublized, and concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and -6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, endothelin (ET)-1, Ang-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, an...
The End of End-to-End: Preserving the Architecture of the Internet in the Broadband Era

Author(s): Lemley, Mark A. | Abstract: In this paper, we address the question of "open access" and its relationship to the architecture of the Internet. It is our view that the extraordinary growth and innovation of the Internet depends crucially upon this architecture. Changes in this architecture should be viewed with skepticism, as they may in turn threaten this innovation and growth. Many cable companies have recently adopted or threatened a policy of bundling high-speed cable modem service with ISP service. This bundling threatens to compromise an important architectural principle of the Internet: the Internet's "End-to-End" design. In our view, this change could have profound implications for the future of growth and innovation on the net. The FCC's analysis of the cable modem industry to date has not considered these principles of the Internet's design. It therefore does not adequately evaluate the potential threat that bundling presents to open access to the Internet. Neither does the FCC's approach properly account for its role in creating the conditions that made the Internet possible. Under the banner of "no regulation," the FCC threatens to permit this network to calcify as earlier telecommunications networks did. Further, and ironically, the FCC's supposed "hands off" approach will ultimately lead to more rather than less regulation. We do not yet know enough about the relationship between these architectural principles and the innovation of the Internet. But we should know enough to be skeptical of changes in its design. The strong presumption should be in favor of preserving the architectural features that have produced this extraordinary innovation. The FCC's presumption should be against approving mergers or policies that threaten these design principles, without a clear showing that the threat would not undermine the Internet's innovation.
Efficient Minimax Control Design for Prescribed Parameter Uncertainty

The purview of this paper is the design of a controller that includes knowledge of parametric uncertainties and their distributions. The parameter distributions are approximated by a finite set of points that are calculated by the unscented transformation. This set of points is used to design robust controllers that minimize the worst performance of the plant over the domain of uncertainty. The proposed technique is illustrated on two benchmark problems. The first relates to the design of prefilters for a spring‐mass‐dashpot system and the second is the feedback control of a hovering helicopter. Numerical simulations are used to illustrate the proximity of the resulting controller to the minimax controller.
ECSS - an Extendable Computer System Simulator

An important aid in the construction of a complex computing system or network is a simulation model for analyzing and evaluating various design approaches. Unfortunately, the programming and debugging effort associated with the development of such a simulator all too often renders the project impractical. Accordingly, ECSS has been designed and specifically tailored to surmount these difficulties. Further, it is built as an extension of Simscript II, so that the full power of a general purpose simulation language is available to the user for unique features or special requirements.
Respiratory arrest after local anesthesia for outpatient cataract surgery: a dramatic but transient complication

Retrobulbar injection of anesthetic agents is common practice before ophthalmologic procedures. Rare but life-threatening complications of this procedure include respiratory depression and coma. We present the case of a woman with complete respiratory arrest and unresponsiveness who was brought into our emergency department from a local freestanding surgical center after preoperative retrobulbar anesthetic injection. Subsequently, the pathogenesis, clinical features, and supportive treatment for this dramatic but transient complication are discussed.
Elimination of an isolated pore: Effect of grain size

The effect of grain size on the elimination of an isolated pore was investigated both by the Monte Carlo simulations and by a scaling analysis. The Monte Carlo statistical mechanics model for sintering was constructed by mapping microstructures onto domains of vectors of different orientations as grains and domains of vacancies as pores. The most distinctive feature of the simulations is that we allow the vacancies to move. By incorporating the outer surfaces of the sample in the simulations, sintering takes place via vacancy diffusion from the pores to the outer sample surfaces. The simulations were performed in two dimensions. The results showed that the model is capable of displaying various sintering phenomena such as evaporation and condensation, rounding of a sharp corner, pore coalescence, thermal etching, neck formation, grain growth, and growth of large pores. For the elimination of an isolated pore, the most salient result is that the scaling law of the pore elimination time t p with respect to the pore diameter d p changes as pore size changes from larger than the grains to smaller than the grains. For example, in sample-size-fixed simulations, t p ∼ d 3 p for d p G and t p ∼ d 2 p for d p > G with the crossover pore diameter d c increasing linearly with G where G is the average grain diameter. For sample-size-scaled simulations, t p ∼ d 4 p for d p G and t p ∼ d 3 p for d p > G . That t p has different scaling laws in different grain-size regimes is a result of grain boundaries serving as diffusion channels in a fine-grain microstructure such as those considered in the simulations. A scaling analysis is provided to explain the scaling relationships among t p , d p , and G obtained in the simulations. The scaling analysis also shows that these scaling relationships are independent of the dimensionality. Thus, the results of the two-dimensional simulations should also apply in three dimensions.
Can UV Exposure Reduce Mortality

A Swedish cohort analysis in this issue (1) demonstrates a significant reduction in all cause mortality and in cardiovascular mortality associated with several measures of sun exposure. In addition, ultraviolet exposure from tanning beds is associated with a significant increase in all cause mortality and cancer mortality. A potential explanation for the protective association is that UV exposure results in high levels of serum vitamin D which may improve survival. However, that explanation does not hold for ultraviolet exposure from tanning beds, which in this study is associated with a significant increase in all cause mortality and cancer mortality. Such a finding is curious and inconsistent with a vitamin D hypothesis. These results should impel investigators to study further the biology of ultraviolet radiation, both natural and artificial, and its health effects.
A Meta-Analysis of the Placebo Rates of Remission and Response in Clinical Trials of Active Crohn's Disease

Abstract Background & Aims: Placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials (PC-RCTs) are commonly used to assess therapies for Crohn's disease (CD). Knowledge of the placebo rates of remission and response and understanding of design factors that influence these rates is important for designing future clinical trials evaluating pharmacotherapy of CD. The aims of this study were to estimate rates of remission and response in patients with active CD receiving placebo and to identify factors influencing these rates. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of PC-RCTs evaluating therapies for active CD identified from MEDLINE from 1966 to 2001. Results: The pooled estimates of the placebo rates of remission and response were 18% (95% confidence interval, 14%–24%; range, 0%–50%) and 19% (95% confidence interval, 13%–28%; range, 0%–46%), respectively, both with significant heterogeneity among studies ( P P
Algal Mounds of Upper Cambrian Carbonates of Appalachians, Western Maryland: Examples of Early Patch and Marginal Reefs: ABSTRACT

The platform carbonates of the Conococheague limestone (Late Cambrian) of the Great Valley, Maryland, carry clotted and digitate mounds from 0.5 to 10 m high, similar to Aitken's (1967) "thrombolites." These mounds are surrounded by cross-bedded oolitic-peloidal grainstones, intraformational conglomerates, and thin-bedded graded dolostones. Internally the mounds are composed of an upward directed network of cm-scale "fingers" of micrite-microspar separated by infills of skeletal packstone-wackestone with abundant remains of gastropods, brachiopods, trilobites, etc. Renalcids encrust the edges of the mud fingers and, in the interior, make an irregular, convex lamination which contains filament (?) molds. Stromatactis-like cavities cross-cut the Renalcid encrusted mud finge s and the interfinger infills. There observations suggest that the mounds were rigid frameworks constructed by encrusting colonies of algae and forams (?) and inhabited by a diverse marine fauna. The fauna, the association with current-worked sediments, and the position at the base of the shoaling-upward cycles indicate a wave- and current-scoured open subtidal bank environment for these mounds, which we interpret as early algal patch reefs. In contrast, we find transported blocks of different boundstones to the east in massive off-platform breccias of the equivalent basinal facies of the Frederick Valley, Maryland. These boundstone blocks are composed of masses of Epiphyton-encrusted thin micrite plates (platy algae?) and are cut by cavities lined with early marine cements. These boundstones, we believe, were rigid framework algal reefs but were situated along the platform edge as an early Paleozoic marginal reef tract. End_of_Article - Last_Page 563------------
Autism and the broad autism phenotype: familial patterns and intergenerational transmission

Background Features of the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP) are disproportionately prevalent in parents of a child with autism, highlighting familial patterns indicative of heritability. It is unclear, however, whether the presence of BAP features in both parents confers an increased liability for autism. The current study explores whether the presence of BAP features in two biological parents occurs more frequently in parents of a child with autism relative to comparison parents, whether parental pairs of a child with autism more commonly consist of one or two parents with BAP features, and whether these features are associated with severity of autism behaviors in probands.
Fluid flow and volume loss during mylonitization: an origin for phyllonite in an overthrust setting, North Carolina U.S.A.

Abstract In the western Blue Ridge province of the southern Appalachians, North Carolina, granite gneisses are converted to phyllitic mylonites (phyllonites) along the base of the Rector Branch thrust sheet. The mylonites show evidence for fluid infiltration and large volume losses. With decreasing distance from the thrust and local shear zones, feldspars undergo grain-size reduction by cracking followed by chemical breakdown to muscovite, sericite, and zoisite. The following reaction was important during mylonitization: 3 K -feldspar + 2 H + = muscovite + 2 K + + 6 SiO 2 Quartz displays evidence for dynamic recrystallization whereas feldspar deforms brittely which together with the secondary mineral assemblages suggest that deformation occurred at temperatures of between 300° C and 500° C in the presence of a fluid. The mylonites are enriched by a factor of at least 2.5 in elements such as TiO 2 , P 2 O 5 , Zr, Y, V, La, Ce and depleted in SiO 2 in comparison to their protolith gneisses. The immobile element enrichments are attributed to enrichment in residual phases such as ilmenite, zircon, apatite and epidote in the mylonites and are interpreted as due to minimum volume losses of 60%. Mass balance calculations, based on major element chemistry, indicate the mylonites lost large amounts of SiO 2 and smaller amounts of alkalies and were infiltrated by fluid/rock weight ratios of between 10 2 and 10 3 . Phyllonitization as a process involves several deformation mechanisms including cataclasis and solution of feldspar as well as dislocation creep of quartz and micas. Reaction-enhanced softening was apparently important in strain localization.
Novel methodology for the detection of exercise-induced myocardial wall motion abnormalities by surface electrocardiogram during exercise test

Abstract Background We investigated whether ischemia-induced wall motion abnormalities during exercise test modify electrical vector variation. Methods We performed treadmill exercise test and thallium 201 scintigraphy in 150 normotensives. Beat-to-beat change of direction of S wave in V 1 (reference lead) was compared with that of R wave in V 5 and aVF, representative of anterior and inferior walls, respectively. The percentage of neighboring QRS couples where S wave in V 1 and R wave in V 5 or aVF change toward the same direction (increase or decrease) constitutes V1-V5 and V1-aVF indexes. Results V1-V5 and V1-aVF indexes were significantly decreased in subjects with reversible anterior or inferior ischemia, respectively. A decrease in V1-V5 index ≥0.14 defines those with anterior wall ischemia (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 75.5%), whereas a decrease in V1-aVF index ≥0.05 defines those with inferior wall ischemia (sensitivity, 92.3%; specificity, 61.5%). Conclusions These novel electrocardiographic exercise test indexes improved significantly their sensitivities.
Variation in ruminant preference for alfalfa hays cut at sunup and sundown

Diurnal variation in the concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) occurs in plants as a result of photosynthesis. Ruminants have been shown to prefer tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) hays cut in the afternoon but the effect of morning vs. evening cutting had not been tested in legumes. To test for diurnal variation in preference for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), we harvested six times in the midbud stage. Harvests were paired so that each time a cutting of alfalfa was made at sundown (PM) another was made the next morning at sunup (AM). We harvested in this manner three times resulting in six hays. The hays were field dried, baled, and chopped prior to their use 3 to 6 mo after harvest. Three experiments were conducted [Exp. 1, sheep (Ovis aries); Exp. 2, goats (Capra hircus hircus); and Exp. 3, cattle (Bos taurus)] utilizing six animals in each case. During an adaptation phase, hays were offered alone as meals. In the experimental phase, every possible pair of hays (15 pairs) was presented for a meal. Data were analyzed by multidimensional scaling as well as by traditional analyses. Multidimensional scaling indicated that the animals were basing selection on at least two criteria. Variables associated with preference through multiple regression varied across experiments but significant coefficients were found between preference and nitrate, protein, carbohydrate fractions, lignin, and cellulose. Coefficients varied depending on which other variables were in the model; however, carbohydrates were associated with positive coefficients. Shifting hay mowing from early in the day to late in the day was effective in increasing forage preference as expressed by short-term dry matter intake.
Optimal minimax routing in ATM networks

A model for characterizing the cell loss probabilities of an ATM network is developed. The three types of cell losses considered are losses in the switch fabric, losses due to buffer overflow, and congestion control losses. The problem of determining routing assignments to minimize the maximum link cell loss probability is formulated as an optimization problem. Even though the problem is not a convex program, an algorithm is presented that determines a global optimal solution. The algorithm consists of a one-dimensional search procedure and a procedure for solving a generalized multicommodity flow problem with gains. The algorithm is shown to be reasonably efficient when tested on several networks. >
STAT1 Signaling Is Essential for Protection against Cryptococcus neoformans Infection in Mice

Nonprotective immune responses to highly virulent Cryptococcus neoformans strains, such as H99, are associated with Th2-type cytokine production, alternatively activated macrophages, and inability of the host to clear the fungus. In contrast, experimental studies show that protective immune responses against cryptococcosis are associated with Th1-type cytokine production and classical macrophage activation. The protective response induced during C. neoformans strain H99γ (C. neoformans strain H99 engineered to produce murine IFN-γ) infection correlates with enhanced phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 in macrophages; however, the role of STAT1 in protective immunity to C. neoformans is unknown. The current studies examined the effect of STAT1 deletion in murine models of protective immunity to C. neoformans. Survival and fungal burden were evaluated in wild-type and STAT1 knockout (KO) mice infected with either strain H99γ or C. neoformans strain 52D (unmodified clinical isolate). Both strains H99γ and 52D were rapidly cleared from the lungs, did not disseminate to the CNS, or cause mortality in the wild-type mice. Conversely, STAT1 KO mice infected with H99γ or 52D had significantly increased pulmonary fungal burden, CNS dissemination, and 90-100% mortality. STAT1 deletion resulted in a shift from Th1 to Th2 cytokine bias, pronounced lung inflammation, and defective classical macrophage activation. Pulmonary macrophages from STAT1 KO mice exhibited defects in NO production correlating with inefficient inhibition of fungal proliferation. These studies demonstrate that STAT1 signaling is essential not only for regulation of immune polarization but also for the classical activation of macrophages that occurs during protective anticryptococcal immune responses.
A behavioral genetic investigation of weekend drinking among an adult sample.

This study examined common and unique genetic and environmental influences on weekend drinking and weekday drinking reported by US male and female adult participants (mean age = 43.9). Data from 96 monozygotic and 82 dizygotic twin pairs were used to estimate bivariate biometric models of daily levels of weekend and weekday drinking volume. Weekend and weekday drinking volume scores were calculated from end-of-day reports of drinking across eight days. As expected, more drinking occurred during weekends. Biometric models provided evidence of significant additive genetic and nonshared environmental influences on both weekend and weekday drinking. Shared environmental influences were nonsignificant. Genetic influences accounted for a greater proportion of drinking variance during weekdays than weekends (0.36 compared to 0.17). However, these apparent differences in heritability—proportion of total variance accounted for by genetic variance—were due to increased nonshared environmental influences on weekend ...
ZnO Submicrometer Rod Array by Soft Lithographic Micromolding with High Solid Loading Nanoparticle Suspension

Microfabrication by soft lithography has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Ceramic microfabrication by soft lithography normally utilizes ceramic precursor solutions or sol–gel process. However, the low solids loading of the starting materials compromises the fidelity of soft lithography, causing the aspect ratio of obtained submicrometer ceramic features to be very small. In this study, well-dispersed, high solids loading ZnO nanoparticle suspensions are prepared by electrosterically stabilizing 20 nm ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticle-based submicrometer rod arrays with an aspect ratio around 1 are fabricated by micromolding the ZnO nanoparticle suspension into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. Modified PDMS molds are exploited to optimize the filling depth of the suspension into the mold cavities, producing ZnO submicrometer rods with the same dimensions as the mold features. ZnO rods with various diameters and shapes are fabricated, and the effect of solids loading on soft lithography fidelity is discussed. A mechanism describing the effects of surface wetting on the fidelity of soft lithographic micromolding is proposed.