cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN MICROSPHERES FROM THERMAL PROTEINOID.

Abstract Time lapse photomicrographic evidence is presented for the occurrence in self-organized supramacromolecular units of: 1. 1. Optical disappareance of interior material to leave outer boundary or membrane; 2. 2. Brownian motion within the unit; 3. 3. Appearance of septa which divide the units. These phenomena occur in a suspension of particles formed from thermal polyamino acid. The dynamic phenomena are triggered by an increase in pH with phosphate-citrate buffer. The formed units and the phenomena they dislay arise from the material which is formed also in an experimental continuum, and thus provide a model of how some precellular phenomena might have arisen spontaneously.
Cytoplasmic filaments in the crystalline lens of various species: functional correlations.

Abstract The distribution of cytoplasmic filaments in lenses of five species was studied with the electron microscope. Two distinct patterns emerged. One pattern, in which filaments are grouped in characteristic bundles around the nucleus, in processes, and throughout the subcortical cytoplasm of epithelial cells, is typical of spherical, non-accommodating lenses of mice and rats. The second pattern is associated with anteriorly-flattened, accommodating lenses of infant human, squirrel and frog. In these, filaments are scattered in epithelial cells, but are accumulated on either side of the plasma membrane junction between epithelial cells and lens fibers. They are especially dense on the lens fiber side of the junction, and form a lattice associated with the lens fiber plasma membrane. The lattice is less extensive along the sides of lens fibers not in contact with epithelial cells. In spherical lenses the epithelial-fiber lattice is greatly reduced. Filaments in both types of lenses ranged in diameter between 5 and 11 nm. The filaments are thought to be a mixture of thin and intermediate filaments. It is hypothesized that the role of cytoplasmic filaments in lens, depending on the pattern present, is either to structurally support a spherical shape, or to provide a contractile force or elasticity to return the flattened anterior surface to the accommodated state in conjunction with the elasticity of the lens capsule.
What’s Different, Ethically, About Nanotechnology?: Foundational Questions and Answers

Whether nanotechnology is ethically unique and “nanoethics” should be treated as a field in its own right remain important, contested issues. This essay seeks to contribute to the debates on these issues by exploring several foundational questions about the relationship of ethics and nanotechnology. Ethical issues related to nanotechnology exist and adoption of a defeasible presumption that such issues amount to old ethical wine in new technological bottles appears justified. Such issues are not engendered solely by intrinsic features of the nanotechnology field, but also by contingent features of the social contexts in which work in the field unfolds. The sets of factors that engender ethical issues related to nanotechnology are combinations of social-contextual and technical elements. While there do not appear to be any qualitatively new nanotechnology-related ethical issues, nanotechnology is different, ethically, from other fields of technical inquiry in at least two ways. To avoid diluting ethical concern about nanotechnology and revival of the noxious notions of autonomous technology and technological determinism, thinking, writing, and speaking about ‘nanoethics’ should yield to thinking, writing, and speaking about ‘ethical issues related to nanotechnology in society.’ Finally, nanotechnology practitioners should become familiar with the ethical dimension of their work.
Asymptotically Decoupled Variable Structure Control of Systems and Large Maneuver of Aircraft

This paper treats the question of control of a class of nonlinear systems which can be decoupled by state variable feedback. Based on variable structure system (VSS) theory, a discontinuous control law is derived which accomplishes asymptotic decoupled output trajectory following in the presence of uncertainty in the system. In the closed-loop system, the trajectories are attracted towards a chosen hypersurface in the state space and then slide along it. During the "sliding phase" the motion is insensitive to parameter variations. Based on this result, a control law for asymptotically decoupled control of roll angle, angle of attack and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear maneuvers is derived. Simulation results are presented to show that large, simultaneous lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can be performed in spite of uncertainty in the stability derivatives.
Immediate hypersensitivity reaction to aminophylline: Report of a case with immunologic confirmation by an in vitro procedure

Abstract A twelve-year-old asthmatic boy is reported who had a urticarial reaction associated with generalized pruritus following the intravenous administration of aminophylline. An identical clinical reaction occurred after a fortuitous challenge with a second dose of the drug. An immediate wheal and flare reaction to aminophylline was obtained, which could be passively transferred using the Prausnitz-Kustner procedure. To confirm the immunologic nature of the reaction, the rat mast cell degranulation technique was applied using the patient's serum and aminophylline or anti-IgE. Positive results were obtained with aminophylline as well as with anti-IgE, suggesting that the immediate reaction observed may have been mediated by aminophylline. Whether the IgE detected by this method was specific or not for aminophylline is not established.
Evaluation of a distal pericallosal aneurysm visualized with 3-dimensional digital subtraction angiography: case report and treatment implications.

Abstract Background Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard in the evaluation of cerebrovascular structures. Recently, 3-dimensional DSA (3D-DSA) has been increasingly used to obtain detailed information about the morphology and dimensions of intracranial aneurysms. We report the case of a patient who presented with a distal pericallosal artery aneurysm, which appeared by 2D imaging to be a fusiform, possible mycotic aneurysm. This was then revealed to be a saccular bifurcation aneurysm by 3D-DSA. This additional information changed the treatment plan for this patient from medical management to a surgical approach. Case Description The patient is a 56-year-old man with a history of hypertension and alcohol abuse with withdrawal seizures, who presented with a large intracranial hemorrhage on initial computed tomography scan. After stabilization with intracranial pressure management, the patient underwent magnetic resonance angiography and 4-vessel DSA. These initial studies showed a distal, fusiform pericallosal aneurysm consistent with a mycotic aneurysm. Rotational DSA was then used to generate 3D images of the structure that revealed a saccular bifurcation aneurysm. This enabled the decision to offer operative treatment rather than conservative medical management. Discussion This report highlights the value of 3D-DSA in establishing the appropriate treatment plan for patients with unique cerebral aneurysms. The higher resolution images used in this case provided information that was crucial in shifting the treatment focus from medical management, for what appeared to be a mycotic aneurysm by traditional DSA, to surgical intervention, for a clear hemodynamic aneurysm at a vessel bifurcation seen with 3D-DSA. Accurate preinterventional evaluation and differential diagnosis are critical to designing the most effective lowest risk treatment plan. The standard method in the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms has been DSA. Yet, higher resolution images of unclear or high-risk aneurysms are often required to guide clinical decision making. The emergence of new, less invasive endovascular techniques for securing intracranial aneurysms has placed greater emphasis on precisely defining the shape and dimensions of an aneurysm. Three-dimensional DSA is currently the highest resolution imaging modality available for the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms. Conclusion 3D-DSA was used to evaluate a small, distal pericallosal artery aneurysm and revealed a saccular bifurcation aneurysm not visualized with magnetic resonance angiography and conventional DSA. This additional resolution permitted the team to consider a surgical approach for a patient who would have otherwise been treated medically. This high-resolution technique is particularly useful in guiding clinical decision making in the context of aneurysms that carry a relatively broad differential diagnosis, potentially high interventional risk, and unclear morphology.
Is corruption an enemy of civil society? The case of Central and Eastern Europe:

In examining post-communist countries, it becomes apparent that civil society is durable in certain countries and fragile in others. One then asks: What factors contribute to this condition? Many of the theorists in the post-communist literature argue that socioeconomic factors and the communist legacy have weakened post-communist civil society. The article explores the following question: Has corruption replaced the legacy of communism as a factor undermining trust in others and government? The theory proposed in this article implies a break from previous studies on the weakness of post-communist civil society, arguing that corruption has been a major factor in undermining civil society in the region. The article presents a rigorous examination of the association between corruption and post-communist civil society by focusing on the impact of political corruption on trust and, hence, post-communist civil society.
Current and Future Hepatitis C Therapies

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients has evolved significantly in the past 15 years. With a better knowledge of viral kinetics and molecular virology of the hepatitis C virus, we have gone from a low chance of viral eradication to a chance as high as 50%. Despite this, current therapies are not ideal and are associated with side effects, complications, and poor patient tolerability. Therefore, an urgent need to look for better strategies to treat this disease is imperative. Thanks to the current knowledge and ongoing research, we know the way we treat hepatitis C today will change dramatically in the next 5-10 years. This review will focus on current therapies for hepatitis C and the most recent advances in the search for new therapies.
Microchemistry for the organic chemist: A postgraduate training program

The recent trend in organic microchemical training is discussed. A new course in general organic microtechniques has been added to the postgraduate curriculum at New York University for the benefit of the organic research chemist who has to work with minute quantities of material. The course includes both the classicalEmich techniques and the modern methods of micro separation, identification, and synthesis.
Multimodality treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: impact of radiosurgery and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the two main surgical modalities, microvascular decompression (MVD) and gamma-knife radiosurgery (GK), the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and outline for an algorithm for the selection of these procedures. The authors have identified distinct differences in the two treatment groups and formulated a scale that predicts the outcome and satisfaction of patients who underwent the procedures. This series included 34 TN patients treated in 2000 and 2001 with MVD (19) and GK (15). Patients with TN associated with tumor or multiple sclerosis were excluded. Each patient’s age, past medical history, clinical features of pain or pre-operative pain grade, duration of TN, medications, and prior surgical procedures were recorded. Long-term results were assessed by a structured interview by telephone. Clinical outcome was classified as excellent (complete relief without medications and numbness), good (complete relief without medications), fair (>50% relief or with substantial numbness and weakness), or poor ( anova with post-hoc analysis by the Tukey–Kramer method. The median follow-up was 17 months (18 months for MVD and 16 months for GK). The average age of MVD patients was 61 years compared to 74 years for GK patients (p = 0.0005). In both groups there was a female majority (68% for MVD and 60% for GK). The latency between first symptom of TN and treatment procedure was 3.0 years for MVD and 3.9 years for GK (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pain grade between the two groups. The average TN complexity grade was significantly different between the two groups (3.0 for MVD and 5.8 for GK) (p
Approaches to sharing occupational safety and health information on a global scale.

Background The global burden of occupational morbidity and mortality is staggering. Information sharing has been identified as a major way of reducing this burden. Past and current approaches to such sharing and application are worth examining in order to guide future efforts. Methods Recent literature from international agencies and others was examined to identify examples of information sharing and to determine the status of such sharing and related issues. Literature was included from the areas of surveillance, priority setting, research, dissemination, and risk management. Results Examples of global information sharing were identified and lessons were drawn from the issues attendant to them. Conclusions Results indicate that a broad range of efforts actively promote the global distribution of occupational safety and health information. To advance global approaches to the sharing of occupational and safety and health information, it is critical to improve the opportunity and capacity to access information. Important objectives in achieving this goal are developing coherent and transparent information policies, conducting research on dissemination, adaptation, and utilization of information, and overcoming barriers to information and training. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:210–216, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Light, fluorescence and electron microscopic studies of rabbit subclavian glomera

The subclavian glomera (aortic bodies) of young New Zealand white rabbits were studied with the light, fluorescence, and electron microscopes. Two cell types were identified: type I, granule-containing (chief) cells, and type II, agranular (sustentacular) cells. The type I cells possessed large nuclei, the normal complement of cytoplasmic organelles and numerous electron-opaque cytoplasmic granules. The type II cells were agranular with attenuated cytoplasmic processes which partially or completely ensheathed the type I cells. The glomera were well vascularized. Capillary endothelial cells contained numerous pinocytotic vesicles, but few fenestrae. Two profiles of nerve terminals were observed. One, apposing the type I cells, contained numerous electron-lucent vesicles, several dense-cored vesicles, mitochondria and possessed membrane specializations resembling those usually observed in synaptic zones. The other profile contained abundant mitochondria and a few electron-lucent and densecored vesicles. Structural specializations were not observed on the apposed membranes of these terminals or adjacent to type II cells. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed an intense yellow-green fluorescence in the glomera, which indicated the presence of biogenic amines, possibly primary catecholamines or an indolamine. The electron-opaque granules observed in the type I cells were believed to be the storage sites for these amines. The subclavian glomera were found to be morphologically similar to the carotid body which is a known chemoreceptor.
Management of Renal Complications of Liver Disease

Included among the most important renal complica tions of liver disease is progressive sodium retention leading to the formation of edema and ascites and the hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). When ascites is refractory to conventional treatment, the use of invasive proce dures such as reinfusion or dialytic ultrafiltration of as cites or the peritoneovenous shunt may be indicated. The possibility that continuous arteriovenous hemo filtration may be useful in removing fluid in patients who would not otherwise tolerate traditional hemodialysis has, because of its recent availability, been raised. Ther apy of HRS continues to be one of the most intriguing and vexing problems in clinical medicine. The use of hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile membranes may be helpful in certain patients with HRS, especially in those with acute reversible liver injury. Although the peri toneovenous shunt has been reported to correct the renal functional disturbance, the results of the only two controlled studies available are incon...
Leptolyngbya nodulosa sp. nov. (Oscillatoriaceae), a subtropical marine cyanobacterium that produces a unique multicellular structure

Abstract A previously undescribed, filamentous, nonheterocystous cyanobacterium was isolated from the South China Sea. The nonbranching and nonmotile filaments had well-defined sheaths of variable thickness. Trichomes were 1.1–1.5 µm in diameter, while individual cells ranged from 1.2 to 2.4 µm in length under culturing conditions. Thylakoids within individual cells were peripheral and appeared to become confluent at one end of the cell. Cells did not contain gas vacuoles. Cultures grew under a wide range of conditions, including salinities ranging from freshwater to 60 ppt of sodium chloride. Nonaxenic cultures could be grown indefinitely (for at least 2 years) in media devoid of any combined nitrogen source but grew much more rapidly in the presence of ammonium or nitrate ions. A unique feature of this organism was the presence, under dim light, of well-defined multicellular structures (nodules), distributed at irregular intervals along the filaments. Nodules were highly variable in shape and size, with...
EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS LIGHT BLEACHING ON THE SUBSEQUENT AGING OF PAPER

AbstractThe effects of aqueous light bleaching of a naturally aged, 100% cotton rag, gelatin-sized paper on the subsequent aging of that paper have been investigated. Effects of exposure to various control conditions were compared with those due to aqueous light bleaching. Physical properties of all papers were monitored by measurement of surface pH, optical properties, stress-strain tensile behavior, and presence of sizing. Measurements were made before and after treatments and after artificial aging at 90°C and 50% RH for 20 days. An unsized filter paper, made from 100% cotton fibers, was exposed to identical conditions, and the same properties were measured. For the gelatin-sized paper, aqueous light bleaching resulted in less color reversion after artificial aging than did exposure to any of the control conditions. However, the sized paper specimens exhibited significant change in tensile properties. Similar responses were also observed in controls that were immersed in the dark. The changes noted are...
How does youth cigarette use respond to weak economic periods? Implications for the current economic crisis.

This paper examines whether youth cigarette use increases during weak economic periods (as do youth alcohol and drug use). The data come from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. With repeated measures over the 1997–2006 period, for almost 9,000 individuals, the samples include 30,000+ teenagers (15–19 years) and 30,000+ young adults (20–24 years). Logit models with state and year controls are estimated. The results indicate that teenagers and young adults increase cigarette use when the economy is weaker, implying that the current financial crisis has likely increased youth cigarette use relative to what it would have otherwise been.
Collaborative Haptic Interfaces and Distributed Control for Product Development and Virtual Prototyping

In this paper, we propose a collaborative product development and virtual prototyping framework based on distributed haptic interfaces along with the deformable object modeling. Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) is a promising technique in industrial product development and virtual prototyping for globalized manufacturing enterprises. Network control problems such as network delay have greatly limited CVE’s application. The problem becomes more difficult when high-update-rate haptic interfaces and computation-demanding deformable objects are both integrated into CVEs for intuitive manipulation and enhanced realism. A hybrid network architecture is presented to balance the computational burden of haptic rendering and deformable object simulation. An adaptive artificial time compensation is used to reduce the time discrepancy between the server and the client. Interpolation and extrapolation approaches are used to synchronize graphic and haptic data transmitted over the network. The proposed techniques can be used for collaborative product virtual prototyping, virtual assembly, remote surgical simulation and other collaborative virtual environments where both haptic interfaces and deformable object models are involved.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Unitarization, Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson Poles, and Scalar Companions

It is shown how Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson poles may be introduced into the effective-range formulas for scalar $(I=J=0) \ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $(I=J=\frac{1}{2}) K\ensuremath{\pi}$ form factors derived from current algebra and a method of pole and cut dominance. The restriction to only two such poles leads to formulas characterized by four free parameters, one of which is conventionally fitted to the zero of the soft-meson $s$-wave amplitude. In the case of the $s$-wave $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase-shift fit, the remaining three parameters are fixed by requiring the ${0}^{+}$ resonances, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(750)$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1060)$, and the experimentally observed value (in the up-up data) of ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{00}(\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi})\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{\pi}$ at 900 MeV as input. The resulting fit is nearly indistinguishable from the earlier two-parameter fit which uses only the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, over the energy range from threshold to 800 MeV, and is very close to that of the unitarized Lovelace-Veneziano model from threshold to 1060 MeV, although the resonance parameters in the latter fit [$\ensuremath{\epsilon}(698)$ and ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}(911)$] differ somewhat. Considerably greater variation in fit is found in the case of the $s$-wave $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift; a qualitative fit to the up-up data of Antich et al. is obtained using $\ensuremath{\kappa}(900)$, ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{\ensuremath{'}}(1600)$, and ${{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{0}}^{(\frac{1}{2})}(K\ensuremath{\pi})\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{\pi}$ at 1000 MeV.
Combination antithrombotic therapy in unstable rest angina and non-Q-wave infarction in nonprior aspirin users. Primary end points analysis from the ATACS trial. Antithrombotic Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes Research Group.

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to compare combination antithrombotic therapy with aspirin plus anticoagulation versus aspirin alone, when added to conventional antianginal therapy in patients with unstable rest angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction who were nonprior aspirin users.METHODS AND RESULTSTwo hundred fourteen patients were randomized; 109 were randomized to receive aspirin alone (162.5 mg daily) and 105 to receive a combination of aspirin plus anticoagulation, ie, aspirin 162.5 mg daily plus heparin (activated partial thromboplastin time, two times control) followed by aspirin 162.5 mg daily plus warfarin (international normalized ratio, 2 to 3). Trial therapy was begun by 9.5 +/- 8.8 hours of qualifying pain and was continued for 12 weeks. Primary end points were recurrent angina with ECG changes, myocardial infarction, and/or death. Analysis by intention to treat of primary events at 12 weeks was performed. At 14 days, there was a significant reduction in total ischemic events in...
Magnetospheric plasma sputtering of Io's atmosphere

Neutral coronae due to magnetospheric ion sputtering from the exobase are generated, and ion and neutral injection into the plasma torus are calculated, on the assumption of the existence of an atmosphere on Io and a consideration of that atmosphere's various possible characteristics. Through the inclusion of the sputtered atmospheric corona that emerges from an assumed unattenuated incident ion flux, it becomes possible to satisfy the supply rate to the torus with an exobase that is close to the surface; such an exobase would imply that the Io atmosphere is insufficiently robust to support a fully dissociated corona, and that a significant fraction of the incident plasma ions can penetrate to the surface to furnish a sputter source of atmospheric gas.
Normative Written TAT Responses for a College Sample

Summary Knowledge of the stimulus seems mandatory before one can determine the extent of projection in a TAT response. Written responses to projected TAT slides were obtained from college students. Stories were scored for Who (age), Who (sex), Who (relationship), What, Why, and End. A reliable categorization system was developed. Overall, stories were mostly negative but positive for endings. There were, however, large variations from card to card. Women gave more positive stories and endings than men, and sex differences were found for 45 of 182 chi-squares computed. A number of differences from the card descriptions given by Murray were also found.
The differential impact of the economy on suicide in the young and the elderly: The American experience

Abstract The suicide rates by age for each gender and race in the U.S.A. for the period 1940-1984 were used to test the general hypothesis that the suicide rate is affected by a combination of economic and social variables and, in particular, to explore the relationship between the economy and the suicide rate. It was found that the relationship between the economy and suicide was positive, as proposed by Ginsberg, for young adults but negative, as proposed by Henry and Short, for the elderly. Thus. no single theory could explain the complete set of results.
Effect of Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Production by Whole Blood ♦ 894

Effect of Intravenous Immune Globulin (IVIG) on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Production by Whole Blood ♦ 894
ESTs stumble at the utility threshold.

A divided Federal Circuit upholds the Patent Office's Utility Guidelines and finds that ESTs provide too little real world utility to be patented.
Interactive behavior of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus pumilus and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii.

Abstract Prevention of ropy bread caused by mucoid variants of certain bacilli presents a major problem for developing countries where cost of preservatives is prohibitive. Control of ropines may be achieved by using propionic acid-producing bacteria in mixed culture with leavening yeasts. Therefore, interaction studies between Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii, Bacillus pumilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were conducted in a chemically defined medium to test the relevance of such an approach. Growth of vegetative cells and germination of spores of B. pumilus were inhibited in media preincubated with P. shermanii at 30°C for 13 h. Inhibition was bacteriostatic for the first 6 h of incubation, becoming bactericidal between 6 and 12 h. Inhibition of B. pumilus spore germination was greater than inhibition of growth of vegetative cells of the bacterium. Culturing of either P. shermanii with S. cerevisiae or B. pumilus with S. cerevisiae did not produce inhibitory effects on any of the organisms. Inhibition of B. pumilus by P. shermanii may be useful for prevention of ropiness in bread prepared by the sponge method, involving fermentation of a portion of the dough.
Effects of cooling rate on seeds exposed to liquid nitrogen temperatures.

The effect of cooling rate on seeds was studied by hydrating pea (Pisum sativum), soybean (Glycine max), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds to different levels and then cooling them to − 190°C at rates ranging from 1°C/minute to 700°C/minute. When seeds were moist enough to have freezable water (> 0.25 gram H2O/gram dry weight), rapid cooling rates were optimal for maintaining seed vigor. If the seeds were cooled while at intermediate moisture levels (0.12 to 0.20 gram H2O per gram dry weight), there appeared to be no effect of cooling rate on seedling vigor. When seeds were very dry (
Association between temporal mean arterial pressure and brachial noninvasive blood pressure during shoulder surgery in the beach chair position during general anesthesia.

Background Estimation of cerebral perfusion pressure during elective shoulder surgery in the beach chair position is regularly performed by noninvasive brachial blood pressure (NIBP) measurements. The relationship between brachial mean arterial pressure and estimated temporal mean arterial pressure (eTMAP) is not well established and may vary with patient positioning. Establishing a ratio between eTMAP and NIBP at varying positions may provide a more accurate estimation of cerebral perfusion using noninvasive measurements. Methods This prospective study included 57 patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery in the beach chair position. All patients received an interscalene block and general anesthesia. After the induction of general anesthesia, values for eTMAP and NIBP were recorded at 0°, 30°, and 70° of incline. Results A statistically significant, strong, and direct correlation between NIBP and eTMAP was found at 0° (r = 0.909, P ≤ .001), 30° (r = 0.874, P Conclusion The eTMAP-to-NIBP ratio decreases as an anesthetized patient is placed into the beach chair position. Awareness of this phenomenon is important to ensure adequate cerebral perfusion and prevent hypoxic-related injuries.
Higher moments of the distribution of detector counts in a subcritical reactor

Abstract Neutron noise methods are well established and known techniques for the experimental analysis and surveillance of nuclear reactors. One of these methods, the variance to mean ratio or α -Feynman, is based on the measurement of the histogram of the number of counts of a detector in a subcritical reactor driven by a external neutron source. The method uses the first and second moments of the distribution of counts. As a further step in the full characterization of the distribution we compute, in addition, third and fourth moments showing the limitations of approximated counts distributions.
Progressive resistance training without volume increases does not alter arterial stiffness and aortic wave reflection

Endurance exercise is efficacious in reducing arterial stiffness. However, the effect of resistance training (RT) on arterial stiffening is controversial. High-intensity, high-volume RT has been sh...
Is it time for your ethics check-up?: Ethical decision making in clinical neuropsychology. American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology Workshop Series. Shane S. Bush. 2007. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp. 155. ISBN 978–0–19–532822–6. $39.95.

Practitioners of neuropsychology face the challenge of integrating knowledge of brain-behavior relationships and the clinical application of such knowledge in the context of ethical practice. The p...
Effects of changing environments on Siwalik rodent faunas of northern Pakistan

Abstract Fossil assemblages from the Siwalik Group collected over the past six years reveal the development of the modern rodent fauna of the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. The history of the Potwar rodent fauna proceeds through four stages: (1) extinction of archaic elements by 9 Ma; (2) faunal turnover around 7 Ma by phyletic evolution, immigration, and local extinction; (3) attainment of modern grade at about the Pliocene—Pleistocene boundary; and (4) increase in abundance of desert forms and agricultural pests probably associated with man and overgrazing
Reduction of electron tunneling current due to lateral variation of the wave function

Electron tunneling in solids is usually envisioned in terms of a simple barrier model based on free electrons tunneling through a region of homogeneous potential. We point out that this model neglects the variation of the wave function in the plane of the interface and show that oscillations of the wave function parallel to the interface increase its rate of decay perpendicular to the interface. This simple observation has important implications for spin-dependent tunneling and may explain why $``s$ electrons'' seem to tunnel much more readily than $``d$ electrons.''
IMPOSSIBLE SCORES RESULTING IN ZERO FREQUENCIES IN THE ANCHOR TEST: IMPACT ON SMOOTHING AND EQUATING

Equating under the external anchor design is frequently conducted using scaled scores on the anchor test. However, scaled scores often lead to the unique problem of creating zero frequencies in the score distribution because there may not always be a one-to-one correspondence between raw and scaled scores. For example, raw scores of 17 and 18 may correspond to scaled scores of 150 and 153, thereby creating zero frequencies for scaled scores of 151 and 152. These gaps in the frequency distribution may adversely impact smoothing and equating. This study examines the effect of these zero frequencies on log-linear smoothing (Holland & Thayer, 1987) of score distributions and final equating results. Results suggest that although smoothing is significantly affected by the presence of these zero frequencies, as indicated by the likelihood-ratio chi-square, Akaike information criterion (Akaike, 1977), and Freeman-Tukey deviates, the impact on the actual equating results is minimal.
Direct Ridership Model of Bus Rapid Transit in Los Angeles County, California

A direct ridership model (DRM) for predicting bus rapid transit (BRT) patronage in Southern California is estimated. Attributes of bus stops and their surroundings constitute the data observations of DRMs and enable a fairly fine-resolution analysis to be carried out on factors that influence ridership. The best-fitting DRM revealed that service frequency strongly influenced BRT patronage in Los Angeles County. High inter-modal connectivity, with both feeder bus routes and rail transit services, also significantly induced BRT travel. As population densities increased, so did BRT patronage, all else being equal. For exclusive-lane BRT services, high employment densities were also associated with high daily boardings. The strong statistical fit of the model bodes well for DRM as a platform for estimating BRT patronage in coming years.
Detection of protein coding sequences using a mixture model for local protein amino acid sequence.

Locating protein coding regions in genomic DNA is a critical step in accessing the information generated by large scale sequencing projects. Current methods for gene detection depend on statistical measures of content differences between coding and noncoding DNA in addition to the recognition of promoters, splice sites, and other regulatory sites. Here we explore the potential value of recurrent amino acid sequence patterns 3-19 amino acids in length as a content statistic for use in gene finding approaches. A finite mixture model incorporating these patterns can partially discriminate protein sequences which have no (detectable) known homologs from randomized versions of these sequences, and from short (≤50 amino acids) non-coding segments extracted from the S. cerevisiea genome. The mixture model derived scores for a collection of human exons were not correlated with the GENSCAN scores, suggesting that the addition of our protein pattern recognition module to current gene recognition programs may improv...
The situational relationship between age and the fear of crime

It is commonly accepted that there is a positive relationship between age and the fear of crime, although there is some indication that this may not hold under all conditions. Most studies concerning fear of crime have been based upon questions involving fear of walking alone within one's neighborhood. This study examined fear of crime both in the relative danger of walking in the neighborhood and in the safety of one's home. Age was found to be positively associated with fear of crime in the former situation, but slightly negatively associated in the latter. It was suggested that the aged may only be more fearful of crime in particularly dangerous situations, and that there is a need for fear of crime measures with greater content validity.
Shared and Nonshared Symptoms in Youth-Onset Psychosis and ADHD:

Objective: We compared ratings of behavior and attention problems between youth-onset psychosis and ADHD, two disorders in which attentional impairments play a key role, and examined the effect of psychostimulant use on age of onset in psychosis. Method: Parent and teacher ratings of behavioral problems and ADHD symptoms were collected using the Achenbach CBCL, TRF, and SNAP-IV Teacher Rating Scales on 42 participants with psychosis, 36 with ADHD and 57 controls (ages 8-19). Results and Conclusions: Results suggested that academic, externalizing, and attention problems reflect symptoms shared between the disorders, whereas internalizing, social and thought problems reflect factors that differ between disorders. Furthermore, participants with psychosis who had been prescribed psychostimulants had a younger age of onset of psychotic symptoms than those who had not. This difference could reflect dissimilarities in symptom severity symptom between subgroups or potentially harmful effects of psychostimulants in individuals predisposed to develop psychosis. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; XX(X) 1-XX)
1-D modeling of radionuclide transport via heterogeneous geological formations for arbitrary length decay chains using numerical inversion of Laplace transforms

We present the Laplace-transformed analytical solution (LTAS) to the one-dimensional radionuclide transport equation for an arbitrary length decay-chain through an arbitrary combination of multiply frac- tured and porous transport segments subject to an arbitrary time-dependent release mode at the entrance point to the series of transport segments. The LTAS may be numerically inverted to obtain the time-dependent concentration of the radionuclides of interest at an arbitrary down gradient location. For a special case, where the source function is defined as the band release with a single radionuclide without precursors, the Laplace inverse transformation could be performed analytically, yielding a closed-form analytical solution. A computer code, TTBX, has been developed by implementing the LTAS, and benchmarked against the closed-form analytical solution. Numerical examples are presented to dem- onstrate the utility of these solutions and the importance of increased fidelity in the transport pathway for reliable performance assessment for the geological disposal of spent nuclear fuels.
Cross-correlation-based transverse flow measurements using optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy with a digital micromirror device

A cross-correlation-based method is proposed to quantitatively measure transverse flow velocity using optical resolution photoacoustic (PA) microscopy enhanced with a digital micromirror device (DMD). The DMD is used to alternately deliver two spatially separated laser beams to the target. Through cross-correlation between the slow-time PA profiles measured from the two beams, the speed and direction of transverse flow are simultaneously derived from the magnitude and sign of the time shift, respectively. Transverse flows in the range of 0.50 to 6.84 mm/s 6.84 mm/s are accurately measured using an aqueous suspension of 10-μm-diameter microspheres, and the root-mean-squared measurement accuracy is quantified to be 0.22 mm/s 0.22 mm/s. The flow measurements are independent of the particle size for flows in the velocity range of 0.55 to 6.49 mm/s 6.49 mm/s, which was demonstrated experimentally using three different sizes of microspheres (diameters: 3, 6, and 10 μm). The measured flow velocity follows an expected parabolic distribution along the depth direction perpendicular to the flow. Both maximum and minimum measurable velocities are investigated for varied distances between the two beams and varied total time for one measurement. This technique shows an accuracy of 0.35 mm/s 0.35 mm/s at 0.3-mm depth in scattering chicken breast, making it promising for measuring flow in biological tissue.
Daily Family Conflict and Emotional Distress among Adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European Backgrounds.

The authors employed a daily diary method to assess daily frequencies of interparental and parent-adolescent conflict over a 2-week period and their implications for emotional distress across the high school years in a longitudinal sample of 415 adolescents from Latin American, Asian, and European backgrounds. Although family conflict remained fairly infrequent among all ethnic backgrounds across the high school years, its impact on emotional distress was significant across ethnicity and gender. In addition, parent-adolescent conflict significantly mediated the association between interparental conflict and emotional distress. These associations were observed at both the individual and the daily levels, providing evidence for both the chronic and episodic implications of family conflict for adolescents' emotional adjustment.
Hemorrhagic and Vascular Complications After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Adjunctive Abciximab

Objectives To examine the frequency and nature of hemorrhagic and peripheral vascular complications associated with use of abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention and to characterize high-risk patients. Patients and Methods We report the frequency and severity of bleeding and vascular complications recorded prospectively in 2559 consecutive nonselected patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, between July 1, 1996, and April 30, 1998, 831 of whom received abciximab and 1728 did not. Abciximab and heparin were administered according to guidelines of the Evaluation of PTCA [percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty] to Improve Long-Term Outcome With Abciximab GP IIb/IIIa Blockade (EPILOG). Results Patients who received abciximab were more likely to be men, were more often treated within 12 hours of an acute myocardial infarction, and were more likely to have received heparin after the procedure (8.7% vs 4.5%, P P P Conclusion In this clinical setting, use of adjunctive abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a significantly increased risk of both major and minor bleeding.
Tube leak detection and isolation in industrial boiler systems

This paper deals with tube leak detection in industrial boilers. A decentralized information processing approach is used to detect and isolate the location of boilers tube leaks. Tube leak sensitive variables (TLSV) are used as the information source for detection and isolation. Such variables are already collected by the system for the purpose of control and monitoring. Given the TLSV, artificial neural networks are used to detect the presence of a leak and its location in the boiler. The proposed approach was successfully applied to tube leak detection and isolation in five subsystems of a utility boiler.
Cast circumferential and wire clasps for obturator retention

The indications and rationale for using cast circumferential and wire clasps for obtaining retention of obturator prostheses have been presented and discussed. Only the test of time can prove the effectiveness of an obturator design. The infinite variability of physical and patient factors demands understanding and application of basic fundamentals and, in the final analysis, good clinical judgment. Clasping is only one part of the obturator, and it must fit harmoniously into the overall design of the prosthesis. How the clasp contributes to support and bracing as well as retention must always be considered.
Distribution of substance P binding sites in guinea-pig heart and pharmacological effects of substance P.

Abstract The localization of substance P (SP) binding sites in guinea-pig heart was studied by in vitro autoradiography, and pharmacological effects of SP were examined with isolated heart preparations. Specific binding of [ 125 I]SP was found in association with cardiac parasympathetic ganglia and some coronary arteries. No specific SP binding sites were associated with coronary veins, atria, ventricles, ascending aorta or pulmonary trunk. Local bolus injections of SP (2.5 and 25 nmol) caused a bradycardia which, in some preparations, was followed by a slight tachycardia. SP produced a prominent coronary vasodilator effect after basal perfusion pressure had been elevated by 1 μM vasopressin. The vasodilator response was probably mediated by the SP binding sites associated with the coronary arteries. Bradycardia might be elicited by binding of SP to the receptors present in the parasympathetic ganglia and subsequent release of acetylcholine. It is suggested that these effects of SP on the isolated heart could be of physiological significance.
Assessing adequacy of hemodialysis: Urea modeling

A 73-year-old Asian-American woman with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was evaluated for inordinately high urea distribution volumes (V) calculated on the basis of single-compartment modeling of data obtained from several hemodialyses (Table 1). The patient's renal failure and hypertension had been managed with hemodialysis and antihypertensive medications for 4 years. The cause of renal failure was type-Il diabetes mellitus, which also had resulted in retinopathy and poor vision; a brother and 3 sisters also had diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Two years previously she had had increasing angina that improved after coronary angioplasty. A chest radiograph showed cardiomegaly and aortic calcification. One year previously she had had persistent, non-healing ulcers on the plantar surface of the right foot that resolved following percutaneous angioplasty of the right femoral artery. During the month preceding evaluation, her average blood pressure was 161/83 mm Hg predialysis and 142/74 mm Hg postdialysis. At the time of evaluation, her physical examination was remarkable for a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border that radiated to the axilla. She had an easily palpable thrill and a high-pitched bruit at the mid-portion of her left forearm loop Gore-Tex graft. Pedal pulses were barely palpable; no peripheral edema was present. Hemodialysis was prescribed for 3 hours thrice weekly with a high-flux polysulfone dialyzer (1.8 square meter surface area). Dialysate flow was set at 500 mI/mm and blood flow averaged 350 mI/mm; the expected urea clearance was 245 mI/mm at these flow rates. Heparin was limited to 750 units/hr infused intravenously during each hemodialysis, but administered no later than 30 minutes before the end of
Efficient vector and parallel manipulation of tensor products

We present efficient vector and parallel methods for manipulating tensor products of matrices. We consider both computing the matrix-vector product (A1A¼AAK)x and solving the system of linear equations (A1A¼AAK)x=b. The methods described are independent of K. We accompany this article with a companion algorithm which describes an implementation of a complete set of tensor product routines based on LAPACK and the Level 2 and 3 Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) which provide vectorization and parallelization.