cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a Human Circadian Mutation Yields Insights into Clock Regulation by PER2

Summary Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations of physiological and behavioral phenomena with period length of ∼24 hr. A mutation in human Period 2 ( hPER2 ), a gene crucial for resetting the central clock in response to light, is associated with familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS), an autosomal dominant condition with early morning awakening and early sleep times. The FASPS hPER2 S662G mutation resulted in PER2 being hypophosphorylated by casein kinase I (CKI) in vitro. We generated transgenic mice carrying the FASPS hPER2 S662G mutation and faithfully recapitulate the human phenotype. We show that phosphorylation at S662 leads to increased PER2 transcription and suggest that phosphorylation at another site leads to PER2 degradation. Altering CKIδ dosage modulates the S662 phenotype demonstrating that CKIδ can regulate period through PER2 in vivo. Modeling a naturally occurring human variant in mice has yielded novel insights into PER2 regulation.
Bird dietary guild richness across latitudes, environments and biogeographic regions

Aim To integrate dietary knowledge and species distributions in order to examine the latitudinal, environmental, and biogeographical variation in the species richness of avian dietary guilds (herbivores, granivores, frugivores, nectarivores, aerial insectivores, terrestrial/arboreal insectivores, carnivores, scavengers, and omnivores). Location Global. Methods We used global breeding range maps and a comprehensive dietary database of all terrestrial bird species tocalculate guild species richness for grid cells at 110 ¥ 110 km resolution. We assessed congruence of guild species richness, quantified the steepness of latitudinal gradients and examined the covariation between species richness and climate, topography, habitat diversity and biogeographic history. We evaluated the potential of current environment and biogeographic history to explain global guild distribution and compare observed richness‐environment relationships with those derived from random subsets of the global species pool.
Outage Probabilities of Wireless Systems With Imperfect Beamforming

This paper investigates the outage probability of a wireless system with conventional beamforming using a uniform linear array beamformer. The focus is to examine the impact of beamforming impairments, such as direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation errors, signal spatial spreads, antenna array perturbation, and mutual coupling. Fading statistics of Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami are used to characterize the desired signal, whereas interferers are assumed to be subject to Rayleigh fading. A simplified beamforming model is used in deriving closed-form outage probability expressions. Numerical results illustrate the increase of outage probabilities in the presence of DOA estimation errors, signal spatial spreads, and antenna perturbation. However, negligible outage performance impact is observed due to mutual coupling
Association of anophthalmia and esophageal atresia: Four new cases identified by the anophthalmia/microphthalmia clinical registry

We report four new cases of the rare association of anophthalmia and esophageal atresia. There are only nine cases previously reported in the literature with this association. Our cases appear to be distinct from those already reported, thus increasing the number of cases to thirteen. Advances in developmental biology have shown that mutations in developmental genes active early in embryogenesis can lead to birth defects in multiple, seemingly unrelated systems. The network of genes that directs development has been highly conserved through evolution. Several transcription factors have been shown to be important in regulating eye development. Mutations in these developmental genes may be the cause of this clinical association.
Scattering-Assisted Tunneling: Energy Dependence, Magnetic Field Dependence, and Use as an External Probe of Two-Dimensional Transport

For more than three decades, research on tunneling through planar barriers has focused principally on processes that conserve momentum parallel to the barrier. Here we investigate transport in which scattering destroys lateral momentum conservation and greatly enhances the tunneling probability. We have measured its energy dependence using capacitance spectroscopy, and we show that for electrons confined in a quantum well, the scattering enhancement can be quenched in an applied magnetic field, enabling this mechanism to function as an external probe of the origin of the quantum Hall effect.
Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Through Tattooing and Piercing: A Critical Review

Tattoos and piercings are increasing, especially among youths, but the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection from these practices has not been adequately assessed and there are conflicting findings in the literature. We evaluated the risk of HCV infection from tattooing and piercing using the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Studies that specified the venue of tattooing and/or piercing showed no definitive evidence for an increased risk of HCV infection when tattoos and piercings were received in professional parlors. However, the risk of HCV infection is significant, especially among high-risk groups (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0-3.6), when tattoos are applied in prison settings or by friends. Prevention interventions are needed to avoid the transmission of hepatitis C from tattooing and piercing in prisons, homes, and other potentially nonsterile settings. Youths also should be educated on the need to have tattoos and piercings performed under sterile conditions to avoid HCV infection.
Oral Self Critique: Raising Student Consciousness of Communication (In)Competence

Courses: Public Speaking, Business and Professional Communication, Interviewing, or any other skills-based oral communication course Objectives: Students will become more conscious of their verbal communication patterns, and improve problematic verbal communication disfluencies
Past Experience, Self-Evaluation, and Present Adjustment

Abstract : Self evaluation measures in a population of young, healthy Navy men correlated significantly with a composite of biographical information reflecting family instability and conflict, incon sistent or extreme disciplinary practices by parents, and persistent difficulties in school adjustment. Factor analysis of the self evaluation inventory yielded eight factors which provided a more meaningful differentiation of attitudes toward self than the global measures of body-cathexis and self-cathexis used previously. The self evaluation measures correlated in the expected direction with attitude measures of interpersonal maturity and delinquency proneness, positive self-regard being positively related to the Maturity Scale and negatively correlated with the Delinquency Scale. With the exception of one factor-derived scale, Work Attitude, the self evaluation measures did not correlate significantly with any of four military adjustment criteria. It was inferred that the relationships of these self evaluation measures to adjustment probably are of low order in a normal population or are not simple linear ones. (Author)
A License Is Not A "Contract Not To Sue": Disentangling Property and Contract in the Law of Copyright Licenses

The assertion that a 'license' is simply a 'contract not to sue' has become a commonplace in both copyright and patent law. I argue that this notion is conceptually flawed, and has become a straightjacket channeling juristic reasoning into unproductive channels. At root, a license is not a contract, but a form of property interest. It may be closely intertwined with a set of contractual relationships, but its nature and consequences cannot be satisfactorily explained from within the world of contract doctrine alone. In this article, I seek to explain the complementary but parallel roles played by property and contract doctrine in creation of the various forms of legal interests we refer to as 'licenses.' Each doctrine has its own set of governing formalities that afford titleholders various means through which to create and protect use privileges granted to others, while still retaining residual title for themselves. I argue that clarifying the extent to which licenses are exercises of powers conferred by property rather than contract law provides a key to proper application of Section 204 of the Copyright Act of 1976, which has been (erroneously) construed as a statute of frauds governing contract formation, as opposed to one governing a specific form of property conveyance.
Evidence that certain retinal bipolar cells use both glutamate and GABA.

Retinal bipolar neurons release the excitatory transmitter, glutamate. However, certain bipolar cells contain GABA, raising the question whether a neuron might release both transmitters and, if so, what function might the inhibitory transmitter play in a particular circuit? Here we identify a subset of cone bipolar cells in cat retina that contain glutamate, plus its vesicular transporter (VGLUT1), and GABA, plus its synthetic enzyme (GAD65) and its vesicular transporter (VGAT). These cells are negative for a marker of ON bipolar cells and restrict their axons to the OFF strata of the inner synaptic layer. They do not colocalize with the neurokinin 3 receptor that stains a type (or two) of OFF bipolar cells. By “targeted injection,” we identified two types of OFF bipolar cell with the machinery to make and package both transmitters. One of these types costratifies with a dopamine plexus. J. Comp. Neurol. 478:207–218, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: VGLUT; VGAT; GAD; dopamine; dye injection
Observer design for descriptor systems with unmeasurable disturbances

A reduced-order observer for descriptor systems subject to unmeasurable inputs is studied. The problem is formulated in terms of a constrained Sylvester equation. Solutions to such an equation completely characterize the desired reduced-order observer. Constructive necessary and sufficient conditions, which lead to a simple and easy-to-implement algorithm, are presented. It is shown how the presence of transmission zeros influences the convergence of the observer. >
Treatment of Brainstem Hemangioblastomas

Hemangioblastomas are benign vascular central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Hemangioblastoma are frequently associated with peritumoral cysts (cysts arising at tumor edge). Because resection is curative, it is the preferred therapy for symptomatic brainstem hemangioblastomas. Nevertheless, surgical removal can present a treatment challenge due to the delicate surrounding anatomic structures in this region of the CNS (Wang et al.2001; Wind et al.2011). Here, we describe the salient clinical and management features of brainstem hemangioblastomas.
A wholesome new world : processing

Today's consumers are increasingly concerned about how their food is produced. In some cases, consumers also want to know where their food was produced, who produced it, and when it was sent to the market relative to when and where they are purchasing and consuming the product.
Rectal biopsy for Hirschsprung’s disease: a review of techniques, pathology, and complications

Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of colorectal function, affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births, with a 4:1 male predominance. HD is characterized by aganglionosis that is most often limited to the rectosigmoid, but can extend proximally along the colon and, in rare instances, reach into the small intestine. A clinical history of delayed passage of meconium beyond 48 hours after birth, physical exam findings of abdominal distention and vomiting, and a contrast enema demonstrating a transition zone are highly suggestive of HD. We searched databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for the following key words: Hirschsprung’s disease, rectal biopsy, pathology, ganglion cell, nerve trunk hypertrophy, pediatric constipation, and selected publications written in English that were relevant to the scope of this review. Based on the data presented in the literature, we reviewed 1) biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease, addressed inadequate biopsies, and complications from rectal biopsy, and 2) pathologic and histologic interpretation of biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease. A well-executed rectal biopsy with expert pathologic evaluation of the specimen remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease and is the subject of this review.
TiO2 Coating Films Prepared from Alkoxy-Derived Nanocrystalline Anatase Suspensions

Nanocrystalline anatase suspensions with various formative ratio of anatase (Af in mass%) were synthesized through hydrolysis and hydrothermal treatment of titanium tetraisopropoxide, and were used for preparation of coating films. Films were dip-coated on glass plates with a withdrawal speed of 50cm/min, followed by heating at 500°C for 1h. Crack-free and transparent TiO2 films could be prepared from the suspensions with about 85% Af. However below about 85% Af, cracks and island texture were observed in the films. It was found that the area shrinkage of films proportionally decreases with increasing Af. The critical thickness for obtaining crack-free films from the suspension of about 100% Af was approximately 1μm and porosity of the film was about 55%. The high photocatalytic activity of the prepared films was demonstrated from oxidation and removal of NO under UV irradiation.
Spanish Influence on Early American Poetry

Driven by a spirit of nationalism and romanticism and stimulated by certain literary sources, many of North America's first poets, those of the revolutionary, national, and early romantic periods of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (until ca. 1830) sought inspiration in the Hispanic world. There they found some seven themes for verses, which today, with the possible exception of Freneau's and Bryant's, may seem of questionable aesthetic value. But because of these poets' interpretation of and surprisingly great concern for things Spanish, their works are of considerable historical interest.
Bible Reading and Nonsectarian Schooling: The Failure of Religious Instruction in Nineteenth-Century Public Education

In the late 1880s Catholic taxpayers in the city of Edgerton, Wisconsin, sued the local school district, asking that teachers in the public schools discontinue the practice of reading selections from the Bible each day. In pressing their case before the Wisconsin supreme court, they argued successfully that Bible reading violated Article 10, Section 3, of the state constitution, which prohibited "sectarian instruction" in the district schools of the state. Proponents of Bible reading in Edgerton sought to counter this argument by raising the issue of legislative intention. Alleging that the practice had continued to prevail "generally" after the adoption of the state constitution, they reasoned that the constitution's framers surely had not meant to prohibit it. Justice William P. Lyon, however, in an observation that merits special attention, rejoined: "we must be permitted to doubt whether the practice [of Bible reading] was ever a general one in the district schools of the state. We are quite confident that it is not so at the present time."' Easily the most neglected issue in the endless discussions about religion in American public schools is the historical question: What constituted general practice in the multitude of school districts across the nation? In contemporary debate, opposing sides seem to agree that the twin Supreme Court cases of Engel v. Vitale, which in 1962 outlawed public school prayer, and Abington School District v. Schempp, which proscribed Bible reading in those schools the following year, overturned practices of classroom religion that had been inscribed in public school systems since the early nineteenth century. Predictably, those who seek restoration of prayer and Bible reading refer nostalgically to allegedly hoary practices "with deep roots in the
Application of London-type dispersion corrections in solid-state density functional theory for predicting the temperature-dependence of crystal structures and terahertz spectra

Solid-state density functional theory (DFT) has been shown to be a valuable tool for the simulation of low-frequency vibrational motions in molecular crystals. While it is typically required that an experimentally known crystal structure be used as the initial input for these types of calculations, it is sometimes found that suitable crystallographic data are not easily obtainable. In this study, the low-temperature unit cell structure of the β polymorph of deuterated oxalic acid dihydrate, for which a structure has only been reported at room temperature, was predicted using solid-state DFT augmented with a modified empirical correction for weak long-range dispersive interactions. The dispersion correction parameters were optimized against the known 100 K crystal structure of the α polymorph, and then used for full-geometry optimization of the β crystal structure. Using this predicted structure for the β polymorph, the observed cryogenic THz spectrum of a mixture of deuterated oxalic acid dihydrate polymorphs was simulated.
333 RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN PATTERNS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS AMONG US IMMIGRANTS.: Table

Background In spite of the rapid rise in the US immigrant population during the past three decades, there have been relatively few national studies on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in immigrant population. We analyzed data from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to provide racial/ethnic differences in patterns of CVD risk factors among US immigrants. Methods NHIS is a comprehensive nationally representative survey of US noninstitutionalized civilian population. We analyzed data on 5,328 adult immigrants. We focused on three ethnic groups: Hispanic, white, and black. We identified six cardiovascular disease risk factors: overweight/obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and physical inactivity. Diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia were based on self-report. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index of 25+; physical inactivity was defined as no moderate/vigorous activity per week; and smoking was defined as currently smoking. STATA was used for statistical analysis to account for the complex survey design. Conclusions Patterns of CVD risk factors among US immigrants differ significantly by race/ethnicity. Physicians need to be aware of these racial differences in CVD risk factors. These differences need to be accounted for in developing tailored interventions for CVD risk reduction in the immigrant population.
Nationwide trends of hospital admissions for acute cholecystitis in the United States

Background and aims: Acute cholecystitis is a fairly common inpatient diagnosis among the gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to use a national database of US hospitals to evaluate the incidence and costs of hospital admissions associated with acute cholecystitis. Method: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) for all patients in which acute cholecystitis (ICD-9 codes: 574.00, 574.01, 574.30, 574.31, 574.60, 574.61 or 575.0) was the principal discharge diagnosis from 1997 to 2012. The NIS is the largest all-payer inpatient database in the United States and contains data from approximately 8 million hospital stays each year. The statistical significance of the difference in the number of hospital discharges, lengths of stay and associated hospital costs over the study period was determined by using the Chi-square test for trends. Results: In 1997, there were 149 661 hospital admissions with a principal discharge diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, which increased to 215 995 in 2012 ( P < 0.001). The mean length of stay for acute cholecystitis decreased by 17% between 1997 and 2012 (i.e. from 4.7 days to 3.9 days; (P < 0.05). During the same time period, however, mean hospital charges have increased by 195.4 % from US$14 608 per patient in 1997 to US$43 152 per patient in 2012 ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The number of inpatient discharges related to acute cholecystitis has increased significantly in the United States over the last 16 years, along with a great increase in the associated hospital charges. However, there has been a gradual decline in the mean length of stay. Inpatient costs associated with acute cholecystitis contribute significantly to the total healthcare bill. Further research on cost-effective evaluation and management of acute cholecystitis is required.
On the Teaching of Digital Electric Technology Experiment

The rapid development of digital electric technology requires the development of the reform of the methods in the teaching of its experiment.This paper probes into some problems in the teaching activities,such as the unclear understanding of experiment lessons and theoretical lessons,unreasonable formation of experiment and the backwardness of teaching methods,and then,suggests some solutions to them:change the existing view points,improve the teaching structure,bring in new teaching tool EWB.
Using OpenCourseWare to Enhance On-Campus Educational Programs

The OpenCourseWare movement has generated excitement in many circles through its potential contributions to both lifetime learning and ubiquitous learning. These courses are certainly beneficial to such groups, but OpenCourseWare can also make valuable contributions to traditional educational environments. Referencing established courses at some of the most prestigious universities in the world provides educational institutions of all types a means through which they can expose their students to the very highest levels of course design and subject matter. This paper will introduce the OpenCourseWare movement, its scope, and also how the materials may be applied to traditional educational environments.
Making Families Work and What To Do When They Don't: Thirty Guides for Imperfect Parents of Imperfect Children

Contents Introduction * Say It Ain't So: Forty-One Irrational Beliefs of Family Living, with Rational Counters and Commentary * Examining Your Child's AQ (Appreciation Quotient): Facing and Accepting Ingratitude * The Role Model Fallacy: De-Sacredizing the Copycat Philosophy * Communicating Better and Getting Along Worse: When and Why It's Better for Family Communication to Draw a Blank * When It's Cruel to Be Kind: The Mistake of Linking Favorable Regard for Your Child to Human Worth * Never Deprive a Child of the Right to Go Without * The Door Swings Both Ways: When Children Double Bind Their Parents * Fifteen Unmannerly Actions tThat Represent Responsible Parenting * Minding Less When Your Child Doesn't Mind * The Merits of Extracting Emotional Dependency from the Parental Equation * With Kids Like That, You Don't Need Enemies * Eating Humble Pie: Guaranteeing Your Child Opportunity Without a Guarantee of Success * Why Treat Children the Same Way When They Are All Different? Individualism Reconsidered * Aspire and Inspire: Do It Yourself, Hire Someone Else to Do It, Forbid Your Child to Do It * The Real ME-Coy: Implications of Fraudulently Living Your Life Through Your Child * Doing to Your Child vs. Failing to Accept What Can't Be Done for Your Child * Is Behavior Gone Unnoticed Really Less Likely to Occur? What the Behavior Modifiers Fail to Tell You * Nature vs. Nurture in Children * Is Blood Really Thicker than Water? Loyalty, Love, Obligation and (Dis)Agreement in Family Relationships * Having a Sense of Humor in Proportion to What Ails You as a Parent * Questioning the Advisability of Unconditional Parental Love * You Can Lead a Child to Water But You Can't Make Him Drink: Thirty-Four Guidelines for Effective and Efficient Parenting * The Ugly Duckling Syndrome: How to Duck Around and Over It * When Baby Makes Three: Children as Intrusion * The Ultimate Childhood Daydream: Being Able to Order Parents on a Silver Platter * When It's Good to Set a Bad Example: Learning Manners from Those Who Have Few * Parenting as a Nice Place to Visit, But Inadvisable to Stay: Working Yourself Out of a Job While Retaining Its Joys * Haven on Earth: Protecting Yourself From the Oppositional-Acting Child * The Only Golden Rule of Parenting * Wiles of My Own Parenting to Date * Index
Simulating distributed and coordinated conveying systems

We present the design and implementation of a new object-oriented simulation platform for a decentralized material handling system called the Coordinated Conveying System (CCS). CCS is a new approach to conveying entities, i.e., materials and people. It is also a generalized framework in which the connections between structure and behavior can be systematically studied. In this system, a collection of mobile units moves periodically along fixed tracks. Entities are transferred from some input to an output unit by the mobile units; entities can also transfer between mobile units during a space---time event called a rendezvous. This systems framework and model of conveying exposes a rich spectrum of spatio-temporal behaviors that have interesting connections to core issues in scheduling, resource allocation, communication, embedded systems, automation, and programming. The complexity of CCS arises from the interactions between the mobile units; hence, it is difficult to construct a system-level model for these dynamic behaviors, even though the behavior of individual units is simple. For these reasons, the simulator we present enables a systematic investigation of cyber-physical issues in CCS. Since all the details of CCS are not yet fully understood, we designed an extensible simulator using the Model-View-Controller architecture. The object-oriented approach helped us to model the CCS artifacts in a natural manner and, hence, reduced the complexity of our design.
Health disparities in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Abstract Background This study investigates whether health disparities exist in infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), to identify factors affecting definitive treatment, and if more morbidity occurs. Methods A 6-year retrospective analysis was performed on infants with HPS. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic factors on disease severity and hospitalization. General linear models were used to assess the impact of risk factors on the outcomes. Results There were a total of 584 infants. African-American's had lower serum chloride ( P P = .001), and sodium levels ( P = .006), adding to longer hospitalization than whites ( P = .03). Uninsured infants had lower sodium and chloride ( P P P = .05) than privately insured infants. In multivariable analyses, African-American's were associated with chloride ( P = .002) and higher bicarbonate ( P = .009), and uninsured status remained significantly associated with all electrolyte abnormalities. Conclusions African-American and poorly insured infants with HPS had greater risk of metabolic derangements. This required more time to correct dehydration and electrolytes, adding to longer hospitalizations.
Teaching Lyme Disease Ecology Through a Primary Literature Jigsaw Activity

Lyme disease, a bacterial infection transmitted via ticks, has spread rapidly through many parts of the United States. Unfortunately, a scientific consensus about the mechanisms leading to its spread has been slow to emerge. The activity in this chapter offers students the opportunity to assess the Lyme disease debate with primary literature using a jigsaw group discussion format. In addition, students should deepen their knowledge of ecological concepts related to populations, predator–prey dynamics, trophic cascades, parasite ecology, and competition. After completing this activity, students should be able to (1) summarize, interpret, and critique a scientific article and explain it to others; (2) synthesize findings across scientific articles to identify research gaps; (3) propose hypotheses about Lyme disease ecology; and (4) propose Lyme disease mitigation strategies.
Properties of Dehydrated Low-Grade Asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis ).

The properties of dehydrated low-grade asparagus produced by a batch, forced-convection drying process were investigated with respect to storage stability and equilibrium moisture isotherms. It was found that predrying blanching, storage in the form of pieces, and storage at lower temperatures led to greater color stability during storage as measured by changes in the tristimulus color parameters L * , a * , and b * . These factors did not significantly affect pH stability in storage. The equilibrium moisture isotherms for dehydrated low-grade asparagus were determined at 10 and 25°C and were well described by Halsey's equation ; the binding energy of water of the dehydrated asparagus was calculated at different moisture contents.
Idiopathic Fenestrated Complex Syndactyly in a Unique Crisscross Fashion

This case presents surgical treatment of a unique form of syndactyly: an isolated fenestrated, complex, crisscross syndactyly of the right middle and ring fingers. A 2-year-old boy presented with the ring finger lying dorsal and the middle finger lying volar, with the middle phalanges syndactylized. A surgical release was performed with a subsequent z-plasty, 2 years later, for scar elongation. At the age of 4, he has essentially full function of his hand with minimal limitations. This case demonstrates that 2 digits that were syndactylized in a coronal plane (ring finger dorsal and middle finger volar) can be successfully surgically separated.
A priority queue model for competition with shared spectrum

Spectrum sharing has been put forward as a way to more efficiently use limited spectrum and thus increase wireless network capacity. This paper considers a scenario where a primary Service Provider (SP) shares spectrum with secondary SPs and competes for a common pool of customers. We study such a scenario using a model for price competition in which customers select a SP based on the sum of the SP's announced service price and the congestion incurred when using their service. Here, we assume that the primary has strict priority over the secondary and model the resulting congestion via a preemptive priority queue. We characterize the equilibrium of the resulting pricing game. In particular we find that when the service time has a small variance, secondary users can be excluded from the system, while the primary has to offer a lower price than it would if it were a monopolist due to the threat of entry. As the amount of available bandwidth increases, the primary SP's profit will decrease asymptotically to zero. In addition, for some scenarios, we show that social welfare may decrease with additional bandwidth and be less than that obtained without sharing.
MR angiography can guide ED management of suspected acute aortic dissection.

Abstract Background Aortic dissection is typically evaluated with computed tomography angiography (CTA). However, the feasibility of using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the ED is unclear. This study examined the indications and outcomes of MRA in suspected aortic dissection evaluation in the ED. Methods An IRB approved review identified patients who underwent MRA in the ED for acute thoracic aortic dissection from January 2010 to June 2016. Demographics, clinical assessment, CTA contraindications, outcomes, and ED disposition were analyzed. Results 50 MRAs were ordered for suspected thoracic aortic dissection. 21 (42%) for iodinated contrast allergy, 21 (42%) for renal insufficiency, 2 (4%) due to both, 2 (4%) to spare ionizing radiation, 2 (4%) for further work-up after CTA, and 2 (4%) due to prior contrast enhanced CT within 24 h. Median ED arrival to MRA completion time was 311 min. 42 studies were fully diagnostic; 7 were limited. One patient could not tolerate the examination. 49 MRAs were completed: 2 (4%) patients had acute dissection on MRA and 47 (96%) had negative exams. 17 (35%) received gadolinium. 18 (37%) patients were discharged home from the ED with a median length of stay of 643 min. 2 (4%) were admitted for acute dissection seen on MRA and 29 (59%) for further evaluation. Conclusion MRA has a clear role in the evaluation for acute thoracic aortic dissection in the ED in patients with contraindications to CTA, and can guide management and facilitate safe discharge to home.
Searching for signatures of E 6

The grand unified group ${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$ is a predictive scheme for physics beyond the standard model (SM). It offers the possibility of extra $Z$ bosons, new vectorlike fermions, sterile neutrinos, and neutral scalars in addition to the SM Higgs boson. Some previous discussions of these features are updated and extended. Their relevance to present searches at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and in patterns of neutrino masses is noted. Addition of a small set of scalar bosons at the TeV scale permits gauge unification near a scale of $1{0}^{16}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and leads to bounds on masses of particles beyond those in the standard model.
Ethical considerations for sleep intervention in organizational psychology research

Over the past several years, interest into the role of sleep in the workplace has grown. The theoretical shift from research questions examining sleep as an outcome to placing sleep as the independent variable has increased experimental approaches to manipulating sleep in organizational studies. This is an exciting trend that is likely to continue in the organizational sciences. However, sleep experimentation can also pose special challenges for organizational researchers unaccustomed to sleep science. In this commentary, I discuss five ethical considerations of conducting negative sleep interventions in organizational psychology research. I also provide recommendations for organizational researchers-or even other researchers in disciplines outside of sleep science-who wish to implement sleep interventions in their studies.
Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks

The physiology of a cell can be viewed as the product of thousands of proteins acting in concert to shape the cellular response. Coordination is achieved in part through networks of protein-protein interactions that assemble functionally related proteins into complexes, organelles, and signal transduction pathways. Understanding the architecture of the human proteome has the potential to inform cellular, structural, and evolutionary mechanisms and is critical to elucidating how genome variation contributes to disease. Here we present BioPlex 2.0 (Biophysical Interactions of ORFeome-derived complexes), which uses robust affinity purification-mass spectrometry methodology to elucidate protein interaction networks and co-complexes nucleated by more than 25% of protein-coding genes from the human genome, and constitutes, to our knowledge, the largest such network so far. With more than 56,000 candidate interactions, BioPlex 2.0 contains more than 29,000 previously unknown co-associations and provides functional insights into hundreds of poorly characterized proteins while enhancing network-based analyses of domain associations, subcellular localization, and co-complex formation. Unsupervised Markov clustering of interacting proteins identified more than 1,300 protein communities representing diverse cellular activities. Genes essential for cell fitness are enriched within 53 communities representing central cellular functions. Moreover, we identified 442 communities associated with more than 2,000 disease annotations, placing numerous candidate disease genes into a cellular framework. BioPlex 2.0 exceeds previous experimentally derived interaction networks in depth and breadth, and will be a valuable resource for exploring the biology of incompletely characterized proteins and for elucidating larger-scale patterns of proteome organization.
Effects of VA Adult Day Health Care on Health Outcomes and Satisfaction With Care

It was hypothesized that ADHC would have a positive effect on the health of patients and their care givers and result in greater satisfaction with care than customary care. Measurement of health outcomes for patients included assessment of overall, psychological, and social health, and survival. Care giver assessment concentrated on psychosocial health. Findings indicated no difference in health outcomes between patients assigned to ADHC or their care givers and their counterparts assigned to customary care. Further analysis of subgroups found that there were 3 subgroups of patients for whom those assigned to ADHC had better outcomes (as indicated by lower Sickness Impact Profile scores) than those assigned to customary care. These subgroups included those who were 1) not married, 2) most satisfied with their social support network, and 3) not hospitalized at the time of enrollment in the study. Patients and their care givers assigned to ADHC were more satisfied with their care than those in nursing homes, but not more satisfied than those in hospital-based home care. Care givers reported significantly greater satisfaction with patient care in ADHC than did care givers of patients receiving care in nursing homes or ambulatory care clinics.
The Impact of Maternal Self-Efficacy and Oral Health Beliefs on Early Childhood Caries in Latino Children

Objectives: Latino children experience one of the highest rates of early childhood caries requiring interventions based on valid conceptual frameworks. The Health Belief Model has relevance as a predictor of compliance with health recommendations based on perceptions of a health condition and behaviors to avoid the condition. The model encompasses four perceptual constructs (susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers) and for complex conditions, includes self-efficacy as an extended model. This study evaluated individual (self-efficacy and health beliefs) and cultural (acculturation status) level factors and the inter-relationship to determine if items assessed for the extended health belief model were valid measures of maternal factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 mother-child dyads at the Dental Center of Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado. Participating mothers completed a survey in English or Spanish with items from the Basic Research Factors Questionnaire encompassing sociodemographic characteristics, oral health knowledge and behavior, and psychosocial measures including the extended health belief model. Language preference was a proxy for maternal acculturation. Children were examined to measure decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces. Internal consistency reliability of each subscale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Convergent validity was assessed using linear regression to evaluate the association of the extended health belief model subscales with oral health-related measures and language preference. Results: The benefits and self-efficacy scales reflected good reliability. Maternal education was the strongest predictor of health beliefs with significant associations for barriers, benefits, and susceptibility. Perceived benefits increased with each additional year in the household. There was a significant association between maternal oral health knowledge and higher perceived benefits and increased self-efficacy, and the same was found for higher knowledge of dental utilization which was also associated with children perceived as having increased susceptibility to early childhood caries. Less acculturated participants perceived more barriers to behavioral adherence and fewer barriers as knowledge increased. As dental utilization knowledge improved for Spanish-speaking participants, they perceived greater benefits from adherent oral health behavior compared to English-speaking participants. Conclusions: Items assessed for the extended health belief model were valid as measures of maternal factors influencing children’s oral health outcomes in a Latino population.
Ethnic Diversity and Ethnic Discrimination: Explaining Local Public Goods Provision:

Numerous studies have found that ethnic diversity is negatively associated with the provision of local public goods. However, these accounts neglect both the strong role of central institutions in ...
The Rhetorical Form and Force of the King Memorial

Chapter 3 presents a critical interpretation of the King Memorial, assessing its rhetorical form and force. Based primarily on the author’s own encounter with the site, the chapter offers a composite reading of the site’s textual composition and visual design. Additionally, this chapter attends to supplementary materials produced by the National Parks Service including pamphlets and guidebooks distributed on-site and a free mobile phone app. By analyzing the site and its supplementary texts, I call attention to which memories are included in the site and which are forgotten or ignored. In the chapter, I also discuss the King Memorial’s surrounding physical landscape (e.g., the National Mall and other nearby attractions) and cognitive landscape (e.g., the experiences and memories that visitors bring with them to the site) in order to demonstrate the ways in which traveling to the site impacts its rhetorical effect.
Algorithms in Combinatorial Geometry. By Herbert Edelsbrunner

(1989). Algorithms in Combinatorial Geometry. By Herbert Edelsbrunner. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 457-460.
Improving estimates of subnational commodity flows in LCA for policy support: A US case study

Abstract Life cycle assessment models incorporating interregional commodity flows at subnational levels can be used to estimate regional implications of environmental and energy policies, and to evaluate corporate's regional supply-chain sustainability impacts. Here, I study the importance of subnational commodity flows in life cycle inventory results of US products. Two models are used for analysis, an aggregate input-output model covering all productive sectors and a detailed process model focusing on corn. On average, ~50% of agricultural, mining, and manufacturing goods traveled across state boundaries (10–50% for corn specifically). Neglecting the inter-state commodity flows can lead to large errors in state-level life cycle inventory results (up to 200–400%). It can also affect national average inventory results: depending on where corn is sourced from, an average unit of corn used as feed and feedstock in the US could have substantially different amounts of embodied water. Results further suggest that the more spatially variable of an environmental stressor, water use the more important it is to account for commodity flows. A better understanding of interregional commodity flows at subnational levels improves the predictive capability of life cycle models for better policy support.
Lysyl Oxidase, Cellular Senescence and Tumor Suppression

Replicative senescence may provide a mechanism of tumor suppression and tumor suppressor genes of the extracellular matrix, like lysyl oxidase, may play a role in cellular senescence. To test this hypothesis and determine whether the extracellular matrix may serve as a marker, the steady-state levels of human lysyl oxidase, α-I type III collagen and β-actin transcripts were assessed in various cell lines during in vitro passge. Northern hybridization analysis showed a significant increase in the levels of progeria fibroblast extracellular matrix mRNAs immediately preceding senescence. The levels of these mRNAs were unaffected in age-matched normal fibroblast and fetal fibroblast cell lines.
Improving Microbiological Diagnostic Yield of Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Specimens in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (AlloHSCT) Recipients

Background Pulmonary complications, including both infectious and noninfectious etiologies, are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric alloHSCT patients from the immediate post-transplant period to 5 years post-transplant. Early detection and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy improve survival. However, present techniques for identifying infectious organisms are limited by pretreatment with antimicrobial therapies and the need for a priori knowledge of likely viral pathogens, greatly decreasing the yield of BAL. Our group has published the results of 193 pediatric HSCT patients and found a 43% probability of need for BAL in the year following stem cell transplant with only a 40% yield of identifying an infectious organism. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has the potential to mitigate these limitations, by identifying the genetic sequence of all DNA or RNA in a sample without the need for viable organisms or microbe specificity. Methods Pediatric alloHSCT patients with new pulmonary findings on imaging underwent BAL by the pediatric pulmonary service at MFCH as a pilot study (NYMC-181). BAL was performed per standard WMC clinical practice methods and lavage fluid sent for bacterial, fungal, and viral cultures, aspergillus galactomannan, βD-glucan, and PCRs for CMV, EBV, and adenovirus, and other tests as indicated. Excess BAL fluid was preserved in Trizol prior to RNA isolation. cDNA libraries were generated from each sample and sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq platform. Sequence reads were de novo assembled using the Trinity assembler and classified using Kraken and a custom-built database. Results from MPS and clinical testing were compared. Results 9 patients underwent 10 BALs (1 patient underwent 2 BALs) from July 2016 through December 2017 and had sufficient BAL fluid for inclusion in this study (Figure 1). Clinical microbiological testing identified infections in 6 patients (60%), 3 with bacterial infections (2 Staphylococcus haemolyticus & 1 Streptococcus viridans), 3 with viral pathogens (1 CMV, 1 EBV, and 1 RSV), and 1 fungal infection (Candida). MPS identified infections in 5 patients, one fewer than the clinical testing. Results were wholly concordant in 2 patients (Staph haemolyticus and RSV) and partly concordant in 1 patient (Candida detected, but different viruses found on clinical and sequencing testing). CMV, EBV, S. haemolyticus, and S. viridans (1 patient each) were detected on clinical testing, but not using sequencing. Haemophilus influenza, rhinovirus, and enterovirus (1 patient each) were detected using sequencing, but not clinical testing. Conclusions RNA based massively parallel sequencing techniques can serve as an adjunct to standard clinical testing of BAL fluid for improved detection of infections (especially polymicrobial) in pediatric recipients of alloHSCT.
Student and faculty perceptions of writing in a foreign language studies major

Writing occupies a central position in university foreign language studies programs, yet little is known about the nature of writing instruction in upper‐division content courses. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, this study, which was part of an internal program assessment, explores faculty and student perceptions of students’ writing abilities as well as students’ perceptions of the quality, focus, and components of writing instruction. Findings point to a lack of clarity in expectations and students’ uncertainty about the relationship between content and language in writing. In addition, contradicting reports of students’ writing abilities suggest that process‐oriented instruction that incorporates faculty feedback supports and improves university students’ writing within the discipline. Suggestions for improving writing instruction and students’ outcomes are discussed in the context of previous scholarship on university curricula and faculty professional development.