cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Familiar and New Assessment Tools in Physical Chemistry Courses During COVID-19

A fast track into online teaching in response to the COVID-19 crisis resulted in the author learning to use online platforms and tools to teach thermodynamics and quantum mechanics courses. These resources were used effectively to teach highly mathematical and challenging concepts, as presented in this communication. Student assessment using traditional (exams) and novel (projects) approaches are highlighted, especially the use of projects that examined students’ ability to apply their knowledge to solve real world problems. A survey of students’ responses to online learning revealed that they felt supported during the COVID-19 crisis and the teaching tools described in this work were successful in helping them learn. These students who completed parts of the two courses in face-to-face classes in previous quarters overwhelmingly preferred in-person instruction. The pedagogical approaches described in the communication were shared informally with fellow science faculty at the college. They may be successful in teaching other chemistry courses and STEM fields. The author feels better prepared for teaching online in the future as a result of this teaching experience.
Idiosyncratic purifying selection on metabolic enzymes in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli

Abstract Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya all share a common set of metabolic reactions. This implies that the function and topology of central metabolism has been evolving under purifying selection over deep time. Central metabolism may similarly evolve under purifying selection during longterm evolution experiments, although it is unclear how long such experiments would have to run (decades, centuries, millennia) before signs of purifying selection on metabolism appear. I hypothesized that central and superessential metabolic enzymes would show evidence of purifying selection in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli (LTEE), in which 12 initially identical bacterial populations have been evolving in the laboratory for more than 30 years and 60,000 bacterial generations. I also hypothesized that enzymes that specialize on single substrates would show stronger evidence of purifying selection in the LTEE than generalist enzymes that catalyze multiple reactions. I tested these hypotheses by analyzing metagenomic time series covering 60,000 generations of the LTEE. I find mixed support for these hypotheses: patterns of purifying selection on metabolic enzymes, at least after 60,000 generations of experimental evolution, are largely idiosyncratic and population-specific. Significance Statement Purifying selection conserves organismal function over evolutionary time. I looked for evidence of purifying selection on metabolic enzymes in an ongoing long-term evolution experiment with E. coli. While some populations show signs of purifying selection, the overall pattern is inconsistent. To explain this finding, I propose that each population’s metabolism is evolving in a molecular game of Jenga. In this conceptual model, loss-of-function mutations degrade costly, redundant, and inessential metabolic functions, after which purifying selection begins to dominate. The threshold at which purifying selection activates depends on the idiosyncratic trajectory of lost redundancies in each population.
Design and Implementation of Vivaldi Antenna for Micro Wave Imaging

In this paper we have designed and done the performance analysis on rectangular slot Vivaldi antenna for breast cancer. In this we added rectangular slots and semi-circular on basic Vivaldi antenna to improve the performances of Vivaldi antenna. We are extended our analysis by examine basic Vivaldi antenna by adding different slots like circles, semi circles and rectangular slots implemented in different position on Vivaldi antenna. The proposed rectangular slot Vivaldi antenna is designed with thickness of 1.6mm and FR4 as a substrate which is cheaper when compared to other materials. The proposed antenna is resonated at multiple bands from 19 to 24 GHz (k-band) ,11.5 to 16 GHz (ku-band),9 to 11 GHz(x-band) and 2.5 to 7.5 GHz (c-band). For all the above bands s11 parameter is less than -10dB (s11<-10dB) which indicates 90% of power is transmitted from the antenna. The directivity of antenna is more than 4.5dB.
Role of the microbiome in respiratory disease

"Microbiome” is a term used to describe the community of microorganisms that live on and within vertebrate hosts. These microorganisms primarily live in the gastrointestinal tract and play an important role in nutrient digestion and development of immunity. Understanding the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease is a new and exciting field of study. For decades, the focus on managing infectious disease has been on the pathogen(s) of interest, virtually ignoring the role of beneficial microbes in potentiating or eliminating disease. In addition, initial research evaluating the role of the microbiome in disease was centered on enteric pathogens, due to the inherent proximity of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms in the digestive tract. However, recent investigations have revealed the potential role of the microbiome in diseases outside the gastrointestinal tract, such as neurologic, respiratory, and autoimmune diseases. Considering the role of the microbiome in clinical disease and decreased performance associated with respiratory infections, this area of research becomes even more relevant to food animal production. The objective of this paper is to review associations between the gut microbiome and outcome during infectious respiratory disease in animals.
Development of a Navigation-Grade MEMS IMU

Performance data is presented from a MEMS-based IMU being developed at Honeywell with the objective of navigation-grade performance for a variety of applications. Design of the gyroscope is derived from that of the gyroscope in Honeywell's HG1930 tactical-grade MEMS IMU, a widely used tactical-grade MEMS IMU product. Fabrication processes similar to that of the gyroscope are used to fabricate a new vibrating beam accelerometer which measures acceleration via differential frequency change. Turn-on to turn-on bias repeatability better than 0.1 deg/hr for the gyroscopes and better than 20 micro-g for the accelerometers has been consistently demonstrated. Typical gyro ARW of 0.0035 deg/rt(hr) has been achieved, and accel root Allan variance is less than 10 micro-g at integration time of 1 second. The IMU has the same mechanical footprint (though slightly taller) and same electrical interface as Honeywell's HG1930 IMU.
In situ monitoring of protein transfer into nanoscale channels

Summary Protein transfer into nanoscale compartments is critical for many cellular/life processes, yet there are few reports on how compartment properties impact the protein orientation during a transfer. Such a knowledge gap limits a deeper understanding of the protein transfer mechanism, which could be bridged using nanoporous materials. Here, we use a mesoporous silica, a covalent organic framework, and a metal-organic framework with charged, hydrophobic, and neutral surfaces, respectively, to elucidate the impact of channel properties on the transfer of a model protein, lysozyme. Using site-directed spin labeling and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we reveal that the transfer can be a multi-step process depending on channel properties and depict the relative orientation changes of lysozyme upon transfer into each channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural insight into protein orientation upon transfer into different compartments, meaningful for the rational design of synthetic materials to host enzymes or mimic the cellular compartments.
Defeaters and the generality problem

Consider a simple form of process reliabilism: S is justified in believing that p if and only if S’s belief that p was formed through a reliable process. Such accounts are thought to face a counter-example in the form of defeaters. It seems possible that a belief might result from a reliable belief forming process and yet be unjustified because one possesses a defeater with respect to that belief. This counter-example is merely apparent. The problem of defeaters is just a special case of the generality problem, i.e., the problem of determining which of the process types instantiated by a process token is relevant to determining that reliability of the process token. Drawing on similarities between cases that involve defeaters and cases that involve adverse local conditions, e.g., a white-out blizzard, I argue that any adequate solution to the generality problem for all cases that don’t involve defeaters will pick out an unreliable process type as relevant in cases that do involve defeaters. Thus, there is no sui generis problem of defeaters for simple process reliablism.
The Sterile Insect Technique: A Theoretical Perspective

We present a theoretical study of the management of a campaign to eradicate an invasive population of Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), by application of the sterile insect technique, or SIT. The model for the process consists of three interacting populations: wild females, released sterile males, and females in the rearing facility. We begin by examining the properties of each of the models individually, and then we conduct simulation studies of the three populations together.
Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology (3rd ed.) by Donna M. Mertens - A Book Review

While Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology (3rd ed.) by Donna M. Mertens (2010) is a beginning research text, in many ways it is advanced in its approach to research design. Like any revised edition, much of the material from the earlier editions is in the present edition. What makes this book different is the call to the reader to reflect on a personal understanding of research. This is accomplished through the use of “Expand Your Thinking” blocks within the text. These brief reflections allow researchers to explore their own assumptions and beliefs and consider the impact of self or their “view of the world” on the research process. Key Words: Research Design and Program Evaluation
Is Reported Happiness Five Years Ago Comparable to Present Happiness? A Cautionary Note

In the United States reported happiness five years ago is not comparable to present happiness. The improvement in happiness over the last five years obtained by differencing current reports of happiness today and happiness five years ago is not significantly related to the actual improvement in happiness over the same period. The currently reported five-year change in happiness is highly sensitive to current economic conditions, varying inversely with both the inflation and unemployment rates. Ordinarily, happiness five years ago as currently reported is less than present happiness, but the worse the current economic conditions are, the better the past looks relative to the present. If current economic conditions get bad enough, past happiness will be rated higher than present. Reports of happiness five years ago are not telling us about the utility respondents actually experienced at that time; they are telling us, instead, about respondents' current decision utility–which situation, today's or that five years ago, they would opt for if given the choice today.
Exculpatory Fairy Tales

This article advises attorneys representing landlords in drafting exculpatory clauses in California where an exculpatory clause that does not include the word “negligence” protects a landlord only from liability for passive negligence, not for active negligence. Even a well-written exculpatory clause may not shield the landlord of liability in critical aspects.
Frequency and Q tuning of active-LC filters

An automatic frequency and Q tuning technique suitable for gigahertz active-LC bandpass filters is presented. An active-LC filter is designed to evaluate the tuning scheme. The circuit is designed using TSMC 0.35 /spl mu/m process. Simulation results show a frequency tuning error of 0.2%, and Q tuning error of 2.1%.
a expansão do mercado de trabalho informal em Alagoas

O ensaio propoe-se a analisar a dinâmica do mercado de trabalho informal no Estado de Alagoas e as principais causas de sua expansao, no periodo 1997 - 2003, a partir de pesquisas realizadas pelo IBGE (ECINF 1997 / 2003 e PNAD 2003 / 2004), buscando identificar a relacao estabelecida entre os indicadores socioeconomicos e as fragilidades politicas, sociais e economicas locais. Nesse contexto, sao apresentados os desafios enfrentados pelos que, expulsos ou impedidos de ingressarem no mercado de trabalho formal, desprovidos de recursos e com baixo grau de escolaridade, aventuram-se na informalidade munidos, apenas, de esperanca, determinacao e habilidades adquiridas.
Teachers who initiate curriculum innovations : motivations and benefits

What explains teacher-initiated curriculum innovation? Sparse but consistent literature in theories of motivation, teacher career development, teacher identity, and change in education shows that teachers value complexity and the opportunity to challenge themselves. Teachers who innovate often were motivated by the desire to effect social change or by the realisation that curriculum presentations could be more effective. How teachers work through self-initiated innovations and how the self-initiated innovations affected their identities was not well defined by the works consulted. To better explain teachers’ self-initiated innovations, the main aim of this study was to explore the views of South Dakota teachers concerning their involvement in initiating curriculum change. Interviews were conducted with 30 teachers of students in grades K-12 (ages 5 through 18) and in a university in South Dakota, United States of America. Interviews were conducted both with teachers who identified themselves as current innovators (Phase 1) and with teachers who learned about, planned, and implemented the Storyline approach to curriculum design (Phases 2 and 3). For Phases 2 and 3, Storyline provided a common context for innovation and the essential elements of flexibility, adaptability, and challenge for the teachers. Teachers’ motivators for innovating included increasing student engagement and compensating for the failure of the textbooks, and to a lesser degree, relieving personal boredom and fulfilling a desire to have fun. Inspiration came from professional development experiences of their own choosing as well as conversations with their own children or with colleagues. Teachers predicted benefits and difficulties and planned accordingly for maximum student benefit. Teachers did not predict the number and nature of the benefits resulting from their innovations, particularly in areas such as personal fun, student initiative, and parent involvement. University teachers found they could adapt the narrative, imaginative teaching method Storyline from K-12 education and discovered the method effective and engaging.
HYSTERECTOMY POST CONIZATION OF THE CERVIX.

Abstract 1. 1. A group of 86 patients who had conization of the cervix, followed hysterectomy at intervals of 2 to 134 days were reviewed, and compared with a series of 100 consecutive abdominal hysterectomies, performed for benign disease. 2. 2. Morbidity was defined in two ways: the standard definition based on the definition of puerpeal morbidity; and significant morbidity defined as postoperative complications causing hospitalization more than 9 days after surgery. 3. 3. Both febrile and significant morbidity were increased with cone-hysterectomy. 4. 4. There was a significantly increased morbidity with an interval of 2 weeks or more between conization and hysterectomy.
Visual workload of the copilot/navigator during terrain flight.

Abstract : The emphasis on aviator workload has been of primary concern to the U.S. Army aviation community since the incorporation of low altitude terrain flight techniques into the helicopter tactics repertory. Since navigation is a particularly acute problem at low altitudes, this project examined the visual workload of the navigator/copilot during terrain flight (nap-of-the-earth, contour and low level) in a UH-1H helicopter. The navigator's task was to: (1) perform a map study of the prescribed course, (2) direct the pilot during the flight as to the direction of flight, altitude and airspeed desired to traverse the course, and (3) identify hover points and checkpoints along the route which were given to the navigator in terms of six digit grid coordinates. Visual performance was measured via a modified NAC Eye Mark Recorder used in conjunction with a LOCAM high speed camera. This technique provided the means to objectively record and analyze the navigator's visual performance through the examination of: (1) visual time inside the cockpit on flight and engine instruments, (2) time inside the cockpit on the map or other navigation aids, and (3) time outside the cockpit in various windscreen sectors.
Measurement of the Lunar Photoelectron Layer in the Geomagnetic Tail

The Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment (CPLEE), a part of the Apollo 14 ALSEP, is an ion-electron spectrometer capable of measuring ions and electrons with energies between 40 eV and 50 keV. The instrument, with apertures 26 cm above the surface, has detected a photoelectron gas layer above the sunlit lunar surface, with energies ranging up to 200 eV. Experimental data for periods while the Moon was in the Earth’s magnetotail for electrons with energies 40eV ≤5 E ≤ 200eV follow a power law spectrum j (E) = j 0(E/E 0)− μ with 3.5 ≤ μ ≤ 4. In the absence of photoelectrons with E > 200 eV, we assume that the surface potential is at least 200 V. The modulation of this potential in the presence of intense plasma sheet fluxes has been observed.
Toxins from the entomogenous fungus Metarrhizium anisopliae. I. Production in submerged and surface cultures, and in inorganic and organic nitrogen media.

Abstract An isolate of Metarrhizium anisopliae from the eastern United States was found to produce substances which caused tetanic paralysis in larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella , when injected into the hemocoel. The production of these materials in vitro was investigated and it was found that they were present in greater amounts in submerged cultures than in surface cultures, even when dry mycelial weights were approximately equal. The toxins were produced with either inorganic or organic nitrogen as the nitrogen source in the culture medium. They were released by growing colonies and titers did not increase as the colonies lysed, which indicates they were exotoxins. A bioassay system was devised for determining nonlethal titers of toxins. The criterion for positive response was inability of the test larva ( Galleria mellonella ) to right itself when placed on its back 5 minutes after injection. ED 50 's were estimated by plotting normit of response against logarithm of dose (in microliters per gram larval weight).
Spatiotemporal behavior and nonlinear dynamics in a phase conjugate resonator

The work described can be divided into two parts. The first part is an investigation of the transient behavior and stability property of a phase conjugate resonator (PCR) below threshold. The second part is an experimental and theoretical study of the PCR's spatiotemporal dynamics above threshold. The time-dependent coupled wave equations for four-wave mixing (FWM) in a photorefractive crystal, with two distinct interaction regions caused by feedback from an ordinary mirror, was used to model the transient dynamics of a PCR below threshold. The conditions for self-oscillation were determined and the solutions were used to define the PCR's transfer function and analyze its stability. Experimental results for the buildup and decay times confirmed qualitatively the predicted behavior. Experiments were carried out above threshold to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of the PCR as a function of Pragg detuning and the resonator's Fresnel number. The existence of optical vortices in the wavefront were identified by optical interferometry. It was possible to describe the transverse dynamics and the spatiotemporal instabilities by modeling the three-dimensional-coupled wave equations in photorefractive FWM using a truncated modal expansion approach.
Mitochondrial variation among the Aymara and the signatures of population expansion in the central Andes.

Objectives The exploitation of marine resources and intensive agriculture led to a marked population increase early in central Andean prehistory. Constant historic and prehistoric population movements also characterize this region. These features undoubtedly affected regional genetic variation, but the exact nature of these effects remains uncertain. Methods Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable region I sequence variation in 61 Aymara individuals from La Paz, Bolivia, was analyzed and compared to sequences from 47 other South American populations to test hypotheses of whether increased female effective population size and gene flow influenced the mtDNA variation among central Andean populations. Results The Aymara and Quechua were genetically diverse showing evidence of population expansion and large effective population size, and a demographic expansion model fits the mtDNA variation found among central Andean populations well. Estimated migration rates and the results of AMOVA and multidimensional scaling analysis suggest that female gene flow was also an important factor, influencing genetic variation among the central Andeans as well as lowland populations from western South America. mtDNA variation in south central Andes correlated better with geographic proximity than with language, and fit a population continuity model. Conclusion The mtDNA data suggests that the central Andeans experienced population expansion, most likely because of rapid demographic expansion after introduction of intensive agriculture, but roles of female gene flow need to be further explored. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:321–330, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experiential Learning Theory: From Theory To Practice

This paper examines Kolb’s (1984) Experiential Learning Theory and Learning Style Inventory, presents a summary of some research examining accounting students’ learning style preferences, and provides examples of activities to incorporate into the instructional environment that encourages learning through experience.
Impact of a permanent El Niño (El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole in warm Pliocene climates

[1] Pliocene sea surface temperature data, as well as terrestrial precipitation and temperature proxies, indicate warmer than modern conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific and imply permanent El Nino–like conditions with impacts similar to those of the 1997/1998 El Nino event. Here we use a general circulation model to examine the global-scale effects that result from imposing warm tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in both modern and Pliocene simulations. Observed SSTs from the 1997/1998 El Nino event were used for the anomalies and incorporate Pacific warming as well as a prominent Indian Ocean Dipole event. Both the permanent El Nino (also called El Padre) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) conditions are necessary to reproduce temperature and precipitation patterns consistent with the global distribution of Pliocene proxy data. These patterns may result from the poleward propagation of planetary waves from the strong convection centers associated with the El Nino and IOD.
Opening Up the Compressed Region of Top Squark Searches at 13 TeV LHC

Light top superpartners play a key role in stabilizing the electroweak scale in supersymmetric theories. For R-parity conserved supersymmetric models, traditional searches are not sensitive to the compressed regions. In this Letter, we propose a new method targeting this region, with top squark and neutralino mass splitting ranging from m_(t˜)−m_χ ≳ m_t to about 20 GeV. In particular, we focus on the signal process in which a pair of top squarks are produced in association with a hard jet, and we define a new observable RM whose distribution has a peak in this compressed region. The position of the peak is closely correlated with m_(t˜). We show that for the 13 TeV LHC with a luminosity of 3000 fb^(−1), this analysis can extend the reach of the top squark in the compressed region to m_(t˜) around 800 GeV.
Enabling physical analytics in retail stores using smart glasses

We consider the problem of tracking physical browsing by users in indoor spaces such as retail stores. Analogous to online browsing, where users choose to go to certain webpages, dwell on a subset of pages of interest to them, and click on links of interest while ignoring others, we can draw parallels in the physical setting, where a user might walk purposefully to a section of interest, dwell there for a while, gaze at specific items, and reach out for the ones that they wish to examine more closely. As our first contribution, we design techniques to track each of these elements of physical browsing using a combination of a first-person vision enabled by smart glasses, and inertial sensing using both the glasses and a smartphone. We address key challenges, including energy efficiency by using the less expensive inertial sensors to trigger the more expensive vision processing. Second, during gazing, we present a method for identifying the item(s) within view that the user is likely to focus on based on measuring the orientation of the user's head. Finally, unlike in the online context, where every webpage is just a click away, proximity is important in the physical browsing setting. To enable the tracking of nearby items, even if outside the field of view, we use data gathered from smart-glasses-enabled users to infer the product layout using a novel technique called AutoLayout. Further, we show how such inferences made from a small population of smart-glasses-enabled users could aid in tracking the physical browsing by the many smartphone-only users.
Magnetic resonance study of 5′-ATP binding to hemocyanin

Abstract The oxidation state of copper in oxyhemocyanin is uncertain, since it does not display a copper(II) electron paramagnetic resonance signal unless the protein is denatured. We have utilized proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance line broadening techniques in studying the binding of 5′-ATP to hemocyanin. Our data indicate that the copper at the oxygen-binding site is at least partly copper(II). The apparent binding constant for 5′-ATP to Busycon hemocyanin is 28 M−1 and to Limulus hemocyanin is 15 M−1. These values have been determined from proton magnetic resonance data, in the pD range 7.4–8.2, at 32°C. EPR spectroscopy is not a sensitive method to detect the binding of ATP to oxyhemocyanin.
Derivation of Clinical Prediction Rules to Identify Children with Fractures after Twisting Injuries of the Ankle

Objective: The authors sought to derive maximally sensitive prediction rules for identifying children with significant fractures after acute twisting injuries to the ankle. Methods: The authors prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients younger than 18 years of age who presented to the pediatric emergency department of an urban, tertiary care center after sustaining acute twisting injuries of the ankle. The ankle was defined in two regions: the malleolar zone and the midfoot zone. Clinical findings were documented on standardized data collection sheets by faculty physicians before completion of ankle and/or foot radiograph series. Significant fracture was defined a priori as any fracture other than an avulsion ≤3 mm. The authors conducted binary recursive partitioning with cross-validation to develop models to predict fracture. Results: Data from 717 enrolled patients with a median age of 12.9 years were analyzed. Significant malleolar zone and midfoot zone fractures were diagnosed in 81 of 682 (11.9%) and 10 of 173 (5.8%) patients for whom ankle and foot radiographs were obtained. Recursive partitioning identified patients at low risk for malleolar zone fracture if 1) they had no bone tenderness at either malleolus or the region just proximal to the fibula malleolus or 2) they had bone tenderness at either malleolus but were able to walk four steps in the emergency department and had no swelling at either malleolus. The two-part malleolar zone rule had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 19.1% on the learning data and 95.1% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 87.8% to 98.6%) and 20.0% (95% CI = 16.8% to 23.4%) on the test data. Tenderness either at the proximal fifth metatarsal or cuboid identified midfoot zone fractures with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 31.9% on the learning data and 90.0% (95% CI = 55.4% to 99.7%) and 35.0% (95% CI = 27.7% to 42.8%) on the test sample. Conclusions: A set of sensitive prediction rules was developed to identify children with significant fractures after twisting injuries to the ankle. External validation and refinement of the rules will be needed before recommendation of widespread use.
Composition-explicit distillation curves of diesel fuel with glycol ether and glycol ester oxygenates: fuel analysis metrology to enable decreased particulate emissions.

We recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves of complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation of state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, and hydrocarbon crude oils. In this paper we present the application of the technique to representative diesel fuel and mixtures of diesel fuel with some of the more...
MODELING OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF HYDROLOGICAL FIELDS IN A KARST CAVITY UNDER THE ACTION OF SUBMARINE DISCHARGE OF UNDERGROUND WATERS

We discuss the results of numerical simulation of the process of submarine discharge in a karst cavity. It is assumed that fresh water percolates through cracks in the lateral boundaries of the cavity, and its temperature is, generally speaking, not equal to the temperature of water in the grotto. The calculations are carried out within the framework of a three-dimensional model on the σ -coordinates in the hydrostatic approximation by using the procedure of “convective adjustment” guaranteeing the existence of stable density stratification with conservation of the amounts of heat and salt. The comparison with the data of observations shows that the model gives a qualitatively correct description of the structure of the fields of temperature, salinity, and current velocities formed as a result of submarine discharge in the cavity. The possibilities of subsequent improvement of the model are discussed.
Specific termination of in vitro transcription by calf thymus RNA polymerase III

In vitro transcription of cleaved SV40 DNA with calf thymus RNA polymerase reveals a discrete transcript. The pattern of resistance to the inhibitor alpha-amanitin identifies the RNA as a product of RNA polymerase III transcription. The RNA is shown to initiate artificially near a DNA terminus created by cleavage and to terminate specifically near a cluster of 8 thymidine residues within the SV40 control region. Faithfully initiated transcripts cannot be detected using the calf thymus enzyme, supporting the idea that polymerase III termination can be accomplished by an initiation-deficient enzyme. Transcription of SV40 DNA in a HeLa cell lysate also leads to specific polymerase III transcription. When PvuII-cleaved DNA is the template, the same RNA is produced as with the calf thymus enzyme. At the lowered lysate concentration known to activate certain AluI-family transcripts, a collection of SV40 polymerase III transcripts is also produced. These do not depend on restriction cleavage of the DNA and thus arise from transcription of intact DNA.
Nonlinear interaction of copropagating and counterpropagating waves in straight and highly twisted single-mode fibers

We derive the system of equations describing the nonlinear interaction, associated with the optical Kerr effect, among the four forward- and backward-propagating modes in a straight single-mode fiber. This allows us, in particular, to obtain the set of equations governing nonlinear evolution in a highly twisted fiber of the corresponding copropagating and counterpropagating right and left circularly polarized modes.
Nursing behavior of snow leopard cubs

Abstract A preliminary project on nursing behavior in three young snow leopards revealed two phases in suckling pattern: non-nutritive and nutritive. The latter was distinguished by stereotypic rhythmical movements of the ears associated with swallowing. The cubs also demonstrated a teat preference, but the adaptive significance of such preferences and the accompanying agonistic behavior were unclear.
A contact lens with integrated micro solar cells

We report the design, construction, characterization and in vivo testing of contact lenses incorporating solar cells. A fabrication process is outlined yielding free-standing 500 × 500 × 10 μm3 single crystal silicon solar cells which are subsequently integrated into a contact lens. Collections of micrometer-scale solar cells are interconnected on the contact lens in order to maintain flexibility, cover the proper area, and take advantage of crystalline materials. The solar cells show maximum efficiency at wavelength 725 nm with conversion efficiency of 1.24% at 310 mV. The contact lenses were tested on live rabbits and no adverse effects were detected. Contact lenses equipped with solar cells can harvest usable power from the environment and pave the way for the deployment of stand-alone contact lens systems that can be used for health-status monitoring.
Holocene environmental changes in Lily Lake, minnesota inferred from fossil diatom and pollen assemblages

Abstract A postglacial core was taken from Lily Lake, a soft-water lake, located on carbonate-poor till in eastern Minnesota. Pollen analysis allowed the reconstruction of watershed vegetation change. Diatom assemblages from the core were compared with 255 surface sediment assemblages from Minnesota, Maine, Labrador, and the Canadian arctic. Late-glacial assemblages were similar to Canadian arctic lakes. During the mid-postglacial period of warmer and drier climate, fossil diatom assemblages at Lily Lake were similar to those in the surface sediment of modern eutrophic hardwater lakes in Central Minnesota. The shift to hardwater diatom assemblages coincided with a shift to prairie species in fossil pollen assemblages at about 8000 yr B.P. At about 3400 year B.P. the fossil diatom assemblage that characterized presettlement times was established.
A 16-channel cassette tape recorder system for clinical EEGs.

Abstract A 16-channel EEG tape recorder system having a frequency response of DC-100 Hz for each channel is described. The system utilizes standard commercially available high-fidelity audio tape decks in conjunction with specially designed circuits for time-division multiplexing and balanced amplitude modulation.
The Impact of Dose per Cycle of Etoposide and Cisplatin on Outcomes in Patients with Extensive Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Etoposide/cisplatin is the standard chemotherapy regimen used in the United States for the treatment of smallcell lung cancer (SCLC). A wide variety of dose and schedules have been employed when managing these patients. We conducted an analysis of the phase II/III trials of etoposide/cisplatin in the past 20 years to determine whether the dose and cycle of either drug affected outcomes in patients with extensive SCLC. We identified 15 phase I/II studies, which included 1419 patients. Etoposide doses per cycle ranged from 180 mg/m2 to 510 mg/m2 and cisplatin doses per cycle ranged from 80 mg/m2 to 280 mg/m2. With logistic regression analysis, we found that increasing doses of etoposide resulted in increased complete response rates (P = 0.01) but had no impact on overall response rates. Cisplatin dose per cycle had no influence on complete or overall response. With linear regression analysis, we were unable to find a relationship between survival and dose per cycle of etoposide or cisplatin. Variations in the administration of this regimen had no impact on outcomes in patients with extensive SCLC.
An experimental system designed to study the in situ intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic drugs in anesthetized rats

Abstract An experimental system has been developed that enables an estimate of the lymphatic transport of DDT (1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroet p,p-DDT) by the small intestine. The system has been designed after consideration and evaluation of the effect of fasting, surgical methodology and the site of administration of drug and lipid vehicle on the lymphatic transport of DDT in the anesthetized rat. The fasting state of the animal, and the methodology used in the estimation of transport has a large effect on the lymphatic appearance of intraduodenally administered DDT. Additionally a simple spectrophotometric method has been developed to estimate lipid transport by the intestinal lymphatic system. The total lipid transported was used as an indication of the chylomicron flux in the intestinal lymph. The appearance of DDT in the intestinal lymphatics was quantitated after administration in 200 μl of either peanut oil or oleic acid. There were statistically significant differences in the amount of DDT transported into the lymph over the post-dosing period when the DDT was administered in the two vehicles. The kinetics of lymphatic DDT transport were also lipid vehicle dependent. On comparing DDT transport with chylomicron or lymph flow, chylomicron flux, and not lymph flow, was the major determinate of lymphatic DDT transport.
Action Assembly Theory and Communication Apprehension A Psycho‐physiological Study

Research reported here replicates Greene and Sparks (1983a, 1983b) and their re-conceptualization of communication apprehension (CA). Noting the limited empirical evidence in support of a trait/structure link with physiological output, this study applies action assembly theory to the problem. Differential heart rate curves are predicted for high and low trait CA based on Greene's (1984) action assembly theory. The study confirms a hypothesized cubic heart rate function for low trait CA subjects and a quadratic heart rate function for high trait CA subjects. Results are interpreted as empirical support for an action assembly approach to communication anxiety.
One-atom cage effect in collinear I2 Ar(B) complexes: a quasiclassical trajectory investigation

Abstract Quasiclassical trajectory calculations were carried out to investigate the one-atom cage effect in I 2 Ar(B) van der Waals complex. To compare with a recent exact wave packet calculation, the complex is restricted to a collinear configuration and the same potential energy surfaces were used. Very good agreement with the exact results demonstrate the applicability of the quasiclassical method to this problem. Without invoking any non-adiabatic mechanism, our theoretical results agree well with experimental observations at all wavelengths considered. This work demonstrates the importance of mechanical impact mechanism and the insignificance of a non-adiabatic mechanism.
Colloquium 6 Dialectic and Proto-Phenomenology in Aristotle’s Topics and Physics

In this essay, I begin by observing that dialectic is the method Aristotle explicitly associates with the activity of philosophizing, both when he introduces dialectic in the Topics and also, with some refinements and developments, in the methodological discussions of later works, the opening pages of the Physics being taken as exemplary. I then interpret these passages, attending very closely to the argument, the imagery, and the etymological resonances of Aristotle’s terminology. This leads me to argue that dialectic, in both its (likely) earlier and later forms, is best understood as a proto-phenomenological method, which is to say, a method of clarifying what is already presenting itself in the initial, especially promising, pre-philosophical ‘appearances’ of one’s subject matter, for which Aristotle’s term is ἔνδοξα. Finally, given that this proto-phenomenological dialectic is a method for arriving at an understanding of ‘what is,’ its employment seems to entail a quite radical underlying Aristotelian ontology. That is, Aristotelian thought would seem to be aimed not at objective being (or at a reality placed over against, and always potentially severed from, an experiencing subject), but rather at phenomenal being (or what has always already appeared to us in pre-philosophical experience, even if that initial appearing stands in need of clarification or interpretation).
Fluorescence Spectroscopy Data Analysis Environment: A Second Generation Global Analysis Program

A fluorescence spectroscopy global analysis environment is described. Within this analysis environment, multidimensional fluorescence decay data (time and frequency domains) can be analyzed in terms of a wide variety of photophysical models. A generalized compartmental analysis structure is utilized, where one can specify the functions used to link the various compartments together. All fitting parameters may be characterized by either discrete or distributed values. Multi-temperature global analysis of frequency domain fluorescence studies from a single tryptophan containing protein are described.
CLIX: Network Coding and Cross Layer Information Exchange of Wireless Video

Network Coding (NC) can be efficiently combined with the "physical layer broadcast" property of wireless mediums to facilitate mutual exchange of independent information [6]. At the same time, experimental/theoretical analysis of wireless networks has shown the efficacy of cross-layer protocols that relay corrupted packets in bandwidth hungry video applications (e.g. [7]-[8]). The integration of NC-based information exchange and cross-layer (CL) protocols for wireless video is the primary theme of this work. A particular issue addressed in this paper is the impact of errors in a packet, on the performance of a network code. Thus, we identify the operating conditions under which NC, despite the presence of residue errors, is beneficial. Based on theoretical analysis and experiments using 802.11b wireless traces it is established that the combination of NC with relay of corrupted packets can perform better than (i) conventional schemes that drop all corrupted packets (ii) a scheme that deploys network coding only (iii) a scheme that only deploys a CL strategy that recovers information from corrupted packets. The proposed Cross-Layer Information-eXchange (CLIX) scheme significantly improves the performance of an H.264 based video codec for wireless networks.
Impact of incorporating an algorithm that utilizes sentinel lymph node mapping during minimally invasive procedures on the detection of stage IIIC endometrial cancer.

Abstract Objective To determine whether the frequency of cases diagnosed with stage IIIC endometrial cancer is affected by the incorporation of a modified surgical lymph node assessment. Methods Since 2008, we have increasingly utilized a modified nodal assessment using an algorithm that incorporates SLN mapping. For this analysis, we identified all cases of newly diagnosed endometrial cancers undergoing a minimally invasive staging procedure not requiring conversion to laparotomy from 1/1/08 to 12/31/10. Procedures were categorized as standard, modified, and hysterectomy only. Differences were based on time period: 2008 (Y1), 2009 (Y2), and 2010 (Y3). Appropriate statistical tests were used. Results We identified a total of 507 cases. The distribution of cases was 143 (Y1), 190 (Y2), and 174 (Y3). Tumor grade (P=0.05) and high-risk histologies (P=0.8) did not differ during the 3 time periods. A standard staging procedure was performed in the following cases: Y1 (93/143; 65%), Y2 (66/166; 35%), and Y3 (40/164; 23%) (P Conclusions The incorporation of a modified staging approach utilizing the SLN mapping algorithm reduces the need for standard lymphadenectomy and does not appear to adversely affect the rate of stage IIIC detection.
Assessment and Classroom Learning: theory and practice

(1998). Assessment and Classroom Learning: theory and practice. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 131-137.
Microfluidic cell sorting: a review of the advances in the separation of cells from debulking to rare cell isolation

Accurate and high throughput cell sorting is a critical enabling technology in molecular and cellular biology, biotechnology, and medicine. While conventional methods can provide high efficiency sorting in short timescales, advances in microfluidics have enabled the realization of miniaturized devices offering similar capabilities that exploit a variety of physical principles. We classify these technologies as either active or passive. Active systems generally use external fields (e.g., acoustic, electric, magnetic, and optical) to impose forces to displace cells for sorting, whereas passive systems use inertial forces, filters, and adhesion mechanisms to purify cell populations. Cell sorting on microchips provides numerous advantages over conventional methods by reducing the size of necessary equipment, eliminating potentially biohazardous aerosols, and simplifying the complex protocols commonly associated with cell sorting. Additionally, microchip devices are well suited for parallelization, enabling complete lab-on-a-chip devices for cellular isolation, analysis, and experimental processing. In this review, we examine the breadth of microfluidic cell sorting technologies, while focusing on those that offer the greatest potential for translation into clinical and industrial practice and that offer multiple, useful functions. We organize these sorting technologies by the type of cell preparation required (i.e., fluorescent label-based sorting, bead-based sorting, and label-free sorting) as well as by the physical principles underlying each sorting mechanism.
Adapting the SPUR animal submodel for use on fescue pastures by including rumen and heat stress logic

Abstract Animal simulation models have been developed to aid in understanding how different factors are related to beef animal performance. The utility of these models becomes evident when one considers the many relationships and interrelationships that occur in grazing systems. The choice of an appropriate animal model must be made before grazing systems can be simulated. This paper evaluates the adequacy of a stocker steer model in predicting live weight gain, average daily gain and daily dry matter intake. A rumen kinetics model and a temperature stress component were incorporated to take differences in forage quality and environmental temperature into account. Digestion and other parameters were determined from literature values or by calibrating the model with actual intake data. The model was used to simulate three years of an actual grazing study. Addition of the rumen model resulted in significant improvement of the steer model. While steer live weight was sensitive to the added temperature stress logic, addition of the temperature stress component did not significantly improve the steer model. In two of the three years, the model slightly overestimated live weight. Predicted live weights at the end of the grazing seasons ranged from 6·4 kg less, to 14·1 kg more, than observed weights.