cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitigating the risk of COVID-19 exposure by transitioning from clinic-based to home-based immune globulin infusion.

Purpose Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy is used in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia to lower the risk of infections. IVIG and subcutaneous IVIG (SCIG) therapy have been to shown to be safe and effective when administered as clinic-based infusions. Concern from both patients and providers for increased transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus to immunosuppressed patients with scheduled medical visits and procedures made it necessary for us to reassess our process of how we manage patient care in general and chronic clinic infusions in particular. Here we describe our experience of transitioning patients from clinic-based to home based IVIG and/or SCIG infusions to decrease the risk of COVID-19 exposure. Methods Criteria were developed to identify high-risk immunosuppressed patients who would be appropriate candidates for potential conversion to home based IVIG infusions. Data were collected via chart review, and cost analysis was performed using Medicare Part B reimbursement data. A patient outcome questionnaire was developed for administration through follow-up phone calls. Results From March to May 2020, 45 patients met criteria for home-based infusion, with 27 patients (60%) agreeing to home-based infusion. Posttransition patient outcomes assessment, conducted in 26 patients (96%), demonstrated good patient understanding of the home-based infusion process. No infusion-related complications were reported, and 24 patients (92%) had no concerns about receiving future IVIG and/or SCIG doses at home. No patient tested positive for COVID-19 during the study period. Clinic infusion visits decreased by 26.6 visits per month, resulting in a total of 106 hours of additional available infusion chair time per month and associated cost savings of $12,877. Conclusion Transition of clinic based to home based IVIG/SCIG infusion can be successfully done to decrease potential exposure during a pandemic in a high-risk immunosuppressed population, with no impact on patient satisfaction, adherence, or efficacy. The home-based infusion initiative was associated with a reduction in costs to patients and an increase in available chair time in the infusion clinic.
Everyday Violence in El Redentor Specialized Care Center in Bogotá, Colombia

In this chapter, we qualitatively investigate the violent conditions in a juvenile detention center in Bogota, Colombia. This chapter focuses on the experiences of nine system-affected youth living in confinement and highlights the inconsistencies between everyday institutional practice and the legal framework designed to protect this population. In our concluding thoughts, we call for a human rights training program for all state officials working in Specialized Care Centers in Colombia.
Leveraging Multiple Connected Traffic Light Signals in an Energy-Efficient Speed Planner**This report and the work described were sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) under the Systems and Modelling for Accelerated Research in Transportation (SMART) Mobility Laboratory Consortium, an initiative of the Energy Efficient Mobility Systems (EEMS) Program.

Connecting automated vehicles to traffic lights can lead to significant energy savings by enabling them to pass through intersections in an energy-efficient way without unnecessary stops. A cellular-based communication system connecting multiple traffic lights can help realize the full potential of energy-efficient driving at intersections. Thus, we propose a hierarchical speed planner that can leverage information from multiple connected traffic lights. The proposed speed planner consists of two modules: a green window selector and a reference trajectory generator. The green window selector, based on Dijkstra's algorithm, finds a series of “green windows” for connected traffic lights that builds an energy-optimal path for vehicles to follow. The reference trajectory generator finds optimal entering times, based on the selected green window at each intersection, and then computes reference trajectories. Deriving and using analytical optimal entering speeds as a function of entering times allows us to guarantee the computational simplicity suitable for real-time implementation. We also demonstrate how to balance energy and traffic flow perspectives in the reference trajectory generator. Finally, a high-fidelity simulation framework is used to evaluate the proposed speed planner and quantify the extent to which it can save energy in various real-world urban route scenarios.
Vascular origin determines plasminogen activator expression in human endothelial cells. Renal endothelial cells produce large amounts of single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator.

Positioned at the boundary between intra- and extravascular compartments, endothelial cells may influence many processes through their production of plasminogen activators (PA). Available data have shown that tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is the major form produced by human endothelial cells. We have compared the molecular forms of PA produced by human endothelial cells from different microvascular and large vessel sources including two different sites within the circulation of the kidney.Using combined immunoactivity assays specific for u-PA and t-PA activity and antigen, we found that both human renal microvascular and renal artery endothelial cells produced high levels of u-PA antigen (60.48 ng/105 cells/24 h and 50.42 ng/105 cells/24 h, respectively) and corresponding levels of u-PA activity after activation with plasmin. Activity was not evident before plasmin activation, showing that the u-PA produced is almost exclusively as single chain form U-PA. In contrast, human omental microvascular endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells produced exclusively t-PA (8.80 ng/105 cells/24 h and 2.17 ng/105 cells/24 h, respectively). Neither endothelial cell type from human kidney produced plasminogen activator inhibitor, as determined by reverse fibrin autography and titration assays. Agents including phorbol ester, thrombin, and dexamethasone were shown to regulate the renal endothelial cell production and mRNA expression of both u-PA and t-PA. Among the macro- and microvascular endothelial cells tested, only those from the renal circulation produced high levels of single chain form U-PA, suggesting the vascular bed of origin determines the expression of plasminogen activators.
Structure-function studies of bacteriorhodopsin XV: Effects of deletions in loops B-C and E-F on bacteriorhodopsin chromophore and structure

Bacteriorhodopsin mutants containing deletions in loop B-C, delta Thr67-Glu74 or delta Gly65-Gln75 or a deletion in the loop E-F, delta Glu161-Ala168, were prepared. Following their expression in Escherichia coli, the mutant proteins were purified to homogeneity and refolded with retinal in detergent-phospholipid mixtures. The mutants containing deletions in the loop B-C were normal at 4 degrees C but showed the following changes at 20 degrees C. 1) The lambda max shifted from 540 to below 510 nm; 2) the rates of bleaching by hydroxylamine in the dark increased; and 3) the rate and steady state of proton pumping decreased. Deletion of the eight amino acids in loop E-F did not affect wild-type behavior. However, all the mutant proteins were more prone to thermal and sodium dodecyl sulfate denaturation than the wild-type bacteriorhodopsin. These observations show that the structures of the B-C and E-F loops are not essential for correct folding of bacteriorhodopsin, but they contribute to the stability of the folded protein.
Two-level systems in evaporated amorphous silicon

Abstract In e-beam evaporated amorphous silicon (a-Si), the densities of two-level systems (TLS), n0 and P ¯ , determined from specific heat C and internal friction Q− 1 measurements, respectively, have been shown to vary by over three orders of magnitude. Here we show that n0 and P ¯ are proportional to each other with a constant of proportionality that is consistent with the measurement time dependence proposed by Black and Halperin and does not require the introduction of additional anomalous TLS. However, n0 and P ¯ depend strongly on the atomic density of the film (nSi) which depends on both film thickness and growth temperature suggesting that the a-Si structure is heterogeneous with nanovoids or other lower density regions forming in a dense amorphous network. A review of literature data shows that this atomic density dependence is not unique to a-Si. These findings suggest that TLS are not intrinsic to an amorphous network but require a heterogeneous structure to form.
Bringing up and booting up: social theory and the emergence of socially intelligent robots

Sociologists have been all but absent from the various efforts to build artificial life and intelligence, and even from the more recent research and development in social and humanoid robotics. Those sociologists who have addressed issues in AI and social robotics have adopted contrary positions based on shared premises. H. Collins, for example, is a sociological skeptic. He claims that the very idea of an intelligent machine contradicts "a basic premise of knowledge science because a machine is not a community or a member of society." Collins is one of the pioneers in the study of knowledge, science, and belief as social constructions. In his analyses of AI, he focuses on the constraints imposed on machines as potentially thinking, conscious, and emotional entities. If we are going to have 19 machines who think" we are going to have to have "machines who live with us and share our society". As long as machines are not members of our society, they cannot "imitate our intelligent, activities".
Ethical issues in embryonic stem cell research.

To the Editor: In advocating the creation of embryos for stem cell research by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, Dr Lanza and colleagues 1 fail to recognize at least 2 major issues. First, they overlook the fact that human embryos must be created from the eggs of women. Producing eggs engenders increased risks for women. Hyperstimulation can lead to liver damage, kidney failure, or stroke, and ovulation-stimulating drugs have been associated with ovarian cancer, according to some studies. 2 Although women might be willing to undergo such risks for the sake of having a child, it seems clear that either payment for eggs or coercion would have to be used to persuade women to produce eggs for stem cell research. 3 As with kidneys, hearts, and certain other body parts, society is reluctant to allow human eggs to enter into the stream of commerce, fearing that this would compromise extraeconomic values of deep importance. 4 Coercion as a means of promoting medical research has been strongly criticized. 3 Thus, before considering embryonic stem cell research, procedures need to be developed to protect women’s health and freedom from overbearing financial or other pressure. 5 Second, it is unlikely that a one-sided argument for embryo manufacture will change current US government research policies. Instead, it leaves stem cell research in the hands of private commercial enterprises, which are not bound by federal research regulations and tend to keep proprietary information secret. Lanza et al would continue this pattern of hidden research without accountable public oversight so that the creation of embryos through somatic cell nuclear transfer can move forward. Yet embryonic stem cell research enters a burgeoning field where inquiries into the uses of human procreative materials and procedures are being merged with those regarding genetic materials and procedures. Such research endeavors have major ethical and social implications for the value that is placed on procreation, the sorts of children that will be brought into the world tomorrow and in future generations, and, indeed, what it means to be human. Because of the public significance of such questions, there is, contrary to the opinion of Lanza et al, a pressing social need for a special oversight body to review and openly discuss all research—conducted in the public and private sectors—that involves both reproductive and genetic materials and procedures. 5
Primary Immunodeficiency Affecting the Innate Immune System

Primary immunodeficiencies are a heterogeneous group of genetically inherited diseases quantitively or functionally affecting innate or adaptive immunity. The innate and adaptive arms of the immune system work synergistically to efficiently control and neutralise the wide range of pathogens that challenge vertebrates. Although at first glance innate immunity might appear primitive, innate immune cells can orchestrate discrete immune responses to different infections through the recognition of diverse pathogens by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors. Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells, in conjunction with natural antimicrobial agents, opsonins (as Complement) and cytokines, are critical innate components in neutralising infectious agents. Primary immunodeficiencies are understood as a state of primary lack of protective immunity. Different compartments of the innate immune system are analysed in this article to highlight their critical pathophysiological role in host defences and protective immunity. Key Concepts: The innate immune system includes epithelial and mucosal barriers, cells, natural antimicrobial product, pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and cytokines to protect the host from infections without the need of previous exposure to those microorganisms. Neutrophil disorder should be suspected in patients with recurrent, severe, bacterial or fungal infections, especially those caused by unusual organisms. The mononuclear phagocytes are crucial for antigen presentation and for protection against intracellular infections, especially mycobacteria. Natural killer cell deficiency could involve quantitative and functional defects, in both cases showing increased susceptibility to viral infections. Natural killer T (NKT) cells constitute a distinctive subpopulation of mature lymphocytes that coexpress NK (CD56) and T (CD3) cell antigens and play a central role in infectious (e.g. virus), allergic (e.g. asthma) and autoimmune diseases (e.g. hepatitis), as well as tumour control. The complement system is a cascade system of more than 30 serum and membrane-bound proteins that, when deficient, leads to impaired host defence and inappropriate inflammation. Keywords: innate immunity; neutrophils; macrophages; NK cells; NKT cells; complement; primary immunodeficiency
Asymptotic distribution for the sum and maximum of Gaussian processes

Previous work on the joint asymptotic distribution of the sum and maxima of Gaussian processes is extended here. In particular, it is shown that for a stationary sequence of standard normal random variables with correlation function r, the condition r(n) In n = o(1) as n → ∞ suffices to establish the asymptotic independence of the sum and maximum.
Culture-specific substance abuse prevention for blacks

The project evaluators concluded that the project efforts in the churches were more successful than those in the schools, as determined by the audience responses. Futhermore, the impact on many of the young actors/actresses and dancers was thought to be significant. To be a “Soulbeater” became a prestigious, ego reinforcing experience. The “Soulbeater” youngsters were observed to develope a group norm which discouraged drug use. As a process of developing culturally relevant substance abuse prevention endeavors, the authors suggest that the model described herein would be appropriate for other minority groups.
The Social and Emotional Needs of Gifted Children: Implications for Family Counseling

The authors examine the psychosocial dilemmas faced by gifted children and their families and provide family counseling strategies. Definitions and characteristics of giftedness are summarized. Life span and social constructionist frameworks are used for working with gifted clients.
Y* AND K* IN STRONG INTERACTIONS

Y* and an escited K* state appearing as pole terms in K-bar N and LAMBDA -barN dispersion relations, respectively. The importance of a convincing determination of the ( SIGMA , LAMBDA ) relative parity is emphasized. Theoretical models are concluded to depend sensitively on the assumption that ( LAMBDA , SIGMA ) parity is even, though the Sakurai theory is apparently independent of this assumption. Graphical representations are give of the imaginary part of the K-bar-p scattering amplitude, ImT and ImT/sub I=0/, as functions of momentum for the region of unphysical K/sup -/-p energies for solution (a-). The K-bar* scattering is shown. (B.O.G.)
Neutral lipid biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Abstract The biosynthesis of neutral lipids in Mycobacterium smegmatis was studied using cell-free extracts. Maximum neutral lipid production was obtained when the reaction mixture (400 μl) consisted of 0.25 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 0.125 mM oleoyl-CoA, 3.75 mM sn -glycerol-3-P, 10 mM MgCl 2 and 1.85 mg bovine serum albumin. No magnesium dependency for the acylation of sn -glycerol-3-P was observed. A slight stabilizing effect seemed to occur due to this ion. The enzyme phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, on the other hand, was shown to be magnesium dependent. The activity of this enzyme also appeared to be stimulated by high concentration (0.75 to 1.25 mM) of ATP which enhanced lipid formation at all concentrations tested (0.25 to 3.75 mM). A heat-stable protective factor having a molecular weight less than 16 000 which caused a stimulatory effect on sn -glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase activity was found in the cell-free extracts. Preliminary experiments suggest that the factor might be polysaccharide in nature.
Late Quaternary paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the Central Mississippi Alluvial Valley

A radiocarbon-dated sediment core from Powers Fort Swale, located in the Western Lowlands of southeastern Missouri, provides sedimentological and palynological evidence for dynamic changes in fluvial regime and vegetation in the Central Mississippi Alluvial Valley during the late Pleistocene and Holocene intervals. During the late Wisconsinan glacial maximum, glacial meltwater carried by the Mississippi River maintained active braided streams. Sand grains in full-glacial and late-glacial sediments of Powers Fort Swale show evidence of reworking by eolian activity, with late Pleistocene formation of sand dunes continuing until 11,600 yr B.P. within the Western Lowlands. The sedimentological sequence indicates a progressive, stepwise loss of glacial meltwater and coarse sediment supply during the late-glacial interval, resulting in abandonment of braided-stream terraces. The initial, partial diversion of Mississippi River flow occurred in the late-glacial interval, possibly as early as 16,300 yr B.P., as the Mississippi River shifted from the Western Lowlands through the Bell City-Oran Gap in Crowleys Ridge and into the Eastern Lowlands. By 14,500 yr B.P., the complete diversion of meltwater through this gap coincided with a change in the Powers Fort sediment core from a spruce-dominated to an oak-dominated pollen assemblage. At 11,500 yr B.P., sedimentological changes reflected a changeover to a meandering river regime. The transition to pollen assemblages characteristic of Holocene temperate swamp forest occurred at 9500 yr B.P.
Decoding movement intent of patient with multiple sclerosis for the powered lower extremity exoskeleton

This study aims to recognize movement intent of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by decoding neuromuscular control signals fused with mechanical measurements as a method of powered lower extremity exoskeleton control. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals recorded from the lower extremity muscles, ground reaction forces measured from beneath both feet, and kinematics from both thigh segments of a single MS patient were used to identify three activities (level-ground walking, sitting, and standing). Our study showed that during activity performance clear modulation of muscle activity in the lower extremities was observed for the MS patient, whose Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was 6. The designed intent recognition algorithm can accurately classify the subject's intended movements with 98.73% accuracy in static states and correctly predict the activity transitions about 100 to 130 ms before the actual transitions were made. These promising results indicate the potential of designed intent recognition interface for volitional control of powered lower extremity exoskeletons.
SFAS No. 2: Auditor evaluations and input to the home office

Abstract This study examines auditors representing their local offices in their evaluations of SFAS No. 2, Accounting for Research and Development Costs, and their decision whether or not to communicate these evaluations to the home office. Preliminary interviews with four local office representatives (LORs) indicated that LOR evaluations are related to three criteria: usefulness, theory and implementation cost. The interviews further suggested that the importance of the cost criterion depends upon the extent to which the local office's clients are affected by SFAS No. 2 as well as the LOR's rank in the firm. Finally, it was also suggested that a LOR's decision to provide input to the home office is related to the magnitude of the perceived costs associated with SFAS No. 2, the extent to which the local office's clients are affected by the standard and the LOR's rank in the firm. The importance of these factors is supported by modeling responses to a field survey which asked LORs, who represent local “Big 8” offices throughout the United States, to evaluate SFAS No. 2, and to indicate whether or not they provided input to the home office on this pronouncement. Areas for future research are also discussed.
The isolation and characterization of a new bovine herpesvirus associated with abortion

Abstract A virus isolated from the lung of an aborted Hereford fetus was shown to possess the physical and chemical properties of the herpesvirus group. The virus designated bovine herpesvirus (BH-1247) was isolated in cultures of Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) and primary bovine embryonic kidney (BEK) cells. Electron microscopic studies revealed typical forms of virus particles of the herpesvirus group. The virus was sensitive to chloroform and virus replication was inhibited by the addition of 5-iododeoxyuridine into the cell culture medium. The characteristic features of the cytopathic changes were syncytial formations with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Discrete plaques were formed in MDBK cell cultures overlaid with agar. Virus growth studies in BEK cells revealed infectious virus to be cell associated and replicated at low titer. By serum neutralization tests the virus was shown to be distinct from bovine herpesviruses; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, DN-599, Movar 33/63, bovine mammallitis, malignant catarrhal fever and feline viral rhinotracheitis, equine herpesvirus I and pseudorabies. The isolate was nonpathogenic to mice inoculated subcutaneously, intracerebrally and intraperitoneally. Virus replication was not demonstrated when inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs.
A PRACTITIONER'S NOTES ON TREATING SEXUAL DEVIANCE

Summary.-Considerable controversy exists regarding the treatment of sexual offenders. Often incarceration masks the environmental stimuli, resulting in not only early release but a false clinical prognosis for success. The paper looks at treatment strategies applicable to both the diagnostic and treatment components of sexual deviance. Specifically, what factors contribute to the symptoms associated with intense sexual urges and are there any viable treatment programs which carry over into the home world environment? For over 20 years of clinical and forensic work with youth and adult . sexual offenders a common theme has been the lack of a clear understanding of the causal (etiological) factors leading to use of the sexual offender label. Treatment, especially within a correctional setting, can compound the issue by masking environmental stimuli which may contribute to the sexual behaviors. Indeed, a common problem is to judge success of treatment upon behavioral appearance or how clients respond to talk therapy, their perception of women, or to some other associated feature. I tend to agree with Whitfield's (1987) review of sexual offenders. He noted that the problem may not be how male sexual offenders relate to women, but how they see or feel about their relation to other men-notably their fathers. Personality aside, central factors seem to be (a) the lack of a warm relationship with their fathers, (b) a view of women as in subservient roles, and (c) a history of psychological and/or physical abuse while children at the hands of adult males. PARADOXICAL SEXUAL BEHAVIORS A common denominator for classifications as sexually deviant is the presence of the clinical features of "intense sexual urges" and "sexually arousing fantasies." These are stimuli which exist within the inlvidual and are expressed during the inmate's home world environment but may very well be absent in the controlled, homogeneous prison milieu. Similarly, the stimulus for rape, notably heterosexual rape, may be diminished as well. Obviously the victim pool is virtually eliminated as is easy access to sedative-hypnotic agents, such as ethyl alcohol, which tend to reduce inhibitions (especially at between .I0 and .20 blood alcohol levels). When rape is primarily an act of violence, other agents come into play, such as, barbiturate agitation, benzodiazepine withdrawal agitation, paradoxical aggression associ
Host persistence: exploitation of anti-inflammatory pathways by Toxoplasma GONDII

Hosts that are infected with Toxoplasma gondii must mount a powerful immune response to contain dissemination of the parasite and to prevent mortality. After parasite proliferation has been contained by interferon-γ-dependent responses, the onset of the chronic phase of infection is characterized by continuous cell-mediated immunity. Such potent responses are kept under tight control by a class of anti-inflammatory eicosanoid, the lipoxins. Here, we review such immune-containment strategies from the perspective of the host, which attempts to keep pro-inflammatory responses under control during chronic disease, as well as from the perspective of the pathogen, which hijacks the lipoxygenase machinery of the host for its own advantage, probably as an immune-escape mechanism.
Percutaneous Gastrostomy of the Excluded Gastric Segment after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

A new technique for percutaneous gastrostomy of a decompressed excluded gastric segment after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery is described and the results in a single institution are reviewed. Computed tomography guidance was used to place a 21- or 22-gauge needle into the lumen of the stomach and distend it to allow placement of a feeding catheter. Ten women underwent the procedure, and despite only three patients having clear access windows, gastrostomy placement was ultimately successful in all 10 patients. Percutaneous gastrostomy of the decompressed excluded gastric segment after RYGBP surgery can be challenging, but a high rate of success can be achieved.
Magnetic multiparticle spectrometer using digitized cylindrical spark chambers

Abstract We describe the construction and performance of the vertex spectrometer in the Multiparticle Argo Spectrometer System (MASS) used at Brookhaven. Nine digitized cylindrical wire spark chambers, surrounding a hydrogen target and operating in a 10 kG magnetic field, detected most charged particles with high efficiency up to multiplicities of 12.
Theory on the speed of convergence in adaptive equalizers for digital communication

This paper presents an analysis of the convergence properties of adaptive transversal equalizers minimizing mean-square distortion. The intention is to reveal the influence on the speed of convergence exerted by the number of taps, the step-size parameter in the adjustment loops, and the spectrum of the unequalized signal. Attention is focused on the convergence of the expected mean-square distortion. Several approximations are made in the analysis, among them the approximation of higher-order statistics by second-order statistical parameters. Comparison with results obtained by computer simulation, however, shows that the theory developed renders a quite accurate picture of the convergence process. Previous work in this field demonstrated the limits set to the speed of convergence by the extreme values of the power spectrum of the unequalized signal. It is shown here that, with regard to the mean-square distortion, the influence of the number of taps will usually dominate by far. The theory provides a simple criterion for convergence and answers the question of how to attain the fastest convergence.
‘For their freedoms’: The anti-imperialist and international feminist activity of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti of Nigeria

Synopsis Because most of the nations of the African continent did not gain independence until the second half of the twentieth century, sub Saharan African women have appeared rarely in histories of international feminism. Cheryl Johnson Odim begins to remedy this omission in her consideration of the first cohort of African women to be politically active beyond the continent. Johnson-Odim gives her most complete account of Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, the Nigerian born, British educated, “mother of women's movements in Nigeria and an inspiration to those in other parts of Africa.” Among the international women's organizations in which Ransome-Kuti was active was the Women's International Democratic Federation, a post WWII organization that grew out of European resistance movements and was connected to the Communist International. The WIDF, about which much is yet to be learned, played a major role in recruiting women leaders from Asia and Africa, and bringing them onto an international stage, including at the United Nations.
Effects of captopril on renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites

Summary Blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme has been variously reported to increase or to decrease sodium excretion in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. We administered captopril (50–150 mg) to 11 patients with cirrhosis and ascites to determine the effects on blood pressure, renal blood flow and sodium excretion. Plasma renin activity increased and mean blood pressure fell (by 14 mm Hg). Para-aminohippurate clearances increased from 321 ± 53 to 559 ± 83 ml/min ( P P
Static test induced loads verification beyond elastic limit

Increasing demands for reliable and least-cost high performance aerostructures are pressing design analyses, materials, and manufacturing processes to new and narrowly experienced performance and verification technologies. This study assessed the adequacy of current experimental verification of the traditional binding ultimate safety factor which covers rare events in which no statistical design data exist. Because large, high-performance structures are inherently very flexible, boundary rotations and deflections under externally applied loads approaching fracture may distort their transmission and unknowingly accept submarginal structures or prematurely fracturing reliable ones. A technique was developed, using measured strains from back-to-back surface mounted gauges, to analyze, define, and monitor induced moments and plane forces through progressive material changes from total-elastic to total inelastic zones within the structural element cross section. Deviations from specified test loads are identified by the consecutively changing ratios of moment-to-axial load.
Fabrication of Palladium Nanotubes and Their Application in Hydrogen Sensing

A new electroless plating method was used to deposit palladium nanotubes within the pores of track-etched polycarbonate membranes. The morphology of the deposited palladium nanostructures were characterized with the use of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The largely expanded surface area and granular nature of the nanotubes make them ideal for applications that require high surface area. One of the applications investigated here is hydrogen sensing. Palladium nanotubes excel in high sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast response times in hydrogen sensing compared to sputtered Pd thin film on glass. The response time ranges from a few seconds to tens of seconds depending on the concentration of hydrogen. The hydrogen sensing behavior can be understood with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm theory at very low hydrogen concentration. The high sensitivity and fast response time in the nanotube imbe...
Wavelet decomposition/reconstruction of images via direct products

The two major aspects of image data compression utiliz- ing wavelet analysis and synthesis are the decomposition of an im- age and the reconstruction of this image. It has been noticed in this investigation that the pyramid structure of convolution and the down sampling or the up sampling (adding zeros) and convolution have equivalent operations in vector space analysis. That is, the decom- position is equivalent to an outer product expansion. Therefore, ten- sor products can easily accomplish the synthesis or reconstruction. This is sometimes called the direct product. It is suggested that this method of implementation saves operations and opens the way to utilization of uniform filter banks. © 2000 SPIE and IS&T. (S1017-9909(00)00401-3)
Processes of coastal bluff erosion in weakly lithified sands, Pacifica, California, USA

Abstract Coastal bluff erosion and landsliding are currently the major geomorphic processes sculpting much of the marine terrace dominated coastline of northern California. In this study, we identify the spatial and temporal processes responsible for erosion and landsliding in an area of weakly lithified sand coastal bluffs located south of San Francisco, California. Using the results of a five year observational study consisting of site visits, terrestrial lidar scanning, and development of empirical failure indices, we identify the lithologic and process controls that determine the failure mechanism and mode for coastal bluff retreat in this region and present concise descriptions of each process. Bluffs composed of weakly cemented sands (unconfined compressive strength — UCS between 5 and 30 kPa) fail principally due to oversteepening by wave action with maximum slope inclinations on the order of 65 at incipient failure. Periods of significant wave action were identified on the basis of an empirical wave run-up equation, predicting failure when wave run-up exceeds the seasonal average value and the bluff toe elevation. The empirical relationship was verified through recorded observations of failures. Bluffs composed of moderately cemented sands (UCS up to 400 kPa) fail due to precipitation-induced groundwater seepage, which leads to tensile strength reduction and fracture. An empirical rainfall threshold was also developed to predict failure on the basis of a 48-hour cumulative precipitation index but was found to be dependent on a time delay in groundwater seepage in some cases.
Simultaneous DIF Amplification and Cancellation: Shealy-Stout's Test for DIF

Abstract : The present study investigates the phenomena of simultaneous DIF amplification and cancellation and SIBTEST's role in detecting such. A variety of simulated test data were generated for this purpose. In addition, real test data from various sources were used. The results from both simulated as well as real test data, as Shealy and Stout's theory suggests, show that the SIBTEST is effective in assessing the DIF amplification and cancellation (partially or fully) at the test score level. Finally, methodological and substantive implications of DIF amplification and cancellation are discussed. SIBTEST, DIF, Item bias, Test bias, Bias amplification, Bias cancellation.
PL08 Homocysteine to Hydrogen Sulfide: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is identified as a regulator of various physiological events, including the hypertension. Endogenously, H2S is produced as a metabolite of homocysteine (Hcy) by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Although Hcy is recognized as vascular risk factor at an elevated level [hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)] and contributes to vascular injury leading to hypertension, the exact mechanism was unclear. To determine whether conversion of Hcy to H2S mitigates hypertension. Ex vivo renal artery culture with CBS, CSE, and 3MST triple gene therapy generated more H2S in the presence of Hcy, and these arteries were more responsive to endothelial-dependent vasodilation compared with nontransfected arteries treated with high Hcy. Cross section of triple gene-delivered renal arteries immunostaining suggested increased expression of CD31 and VEGF and diminished expression of the antiangiogenic factor endostatin. In vitro endothelial cell culture demonstrated increased mitophagy during high levels of Hcy and was mitigated by triple gene delivery. Upregulated matrix metalloproteinases-13 and downregulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in HHcy were normalized by overexpression of triple genes. Together, these results suggest that H2S plays a key role in hypertension during HHcy.
Emotionaly disturbed children in special schools: Common factorial dimensions in three differing school settings

Factor analysis was performed to determine dimensions of behavioral disturbance common to three groups of emotionally disturbed children in Massachusetts. Altogether 510 children were studied prospectively using Rutter's 26-item scale for rating behavioral disorders. Male and female subgroups were studied separately as well as the total population for each type of school. Altogether ten factors analyses were performed. All ten yielded similar factors. The seven most important factors were identified and discussed. We were unable to identify higher order relationships using factor scores.
Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment Among Adults in the United States

Background Albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are each associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, but their joint association is unknown. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants A US national sample of 19,399 adults without cognitive impairment at baseline participating in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke) Study. Predictors Albuminuria was assessed using urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) and GFR was estimated using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. Outcomes Incident cognitive impairment was defined as score ≤4 on the 6-Item Screener at the last follow-up visit. Results During a mean follow-up of 3.8 ± 1.5 years, UACRs of 30-299 and ≥300 mg/g were associated independently with 31% and 57% higher risk of cognitive impairment, respectively, relative to individuals with UACR P = 0.04 for trend). Relative to eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , eGFR 2 was not associated independently with cognitive impairment. However, after stratifying by UACR, eGFR 2 was associated with a 30% higher risk of cognitive impairment in participants with UACR P = 0.04 for trend). Limitations Single measures of albuminuria and eGFR, screening test of cognition. Conclusions When eGFR was preserved, albuminuria was associated independently with incident cognitive impairment. When albuminuria was
Bosnia: In the Footsteps of Gavrilo Princip, by Tony Fabijančić, Wayfarer: a literary travel series

Bosnia: In the Footsteps of Gavrilo Princip, by Tony Fabijancic, Wayfarer: a literary travel series, Edmonton, The University of Alberta Press, 2010, xxx + 226 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-9...
Use of inhaled steroids by pregnant asthmatic women does not reduce intrauterine growth.

Abstract Background Inhaled steroids are recommended for the treatment of persistent asthma during pregnancy, but their potential effects on intrauterine growth have been inadequately evaluated. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal use of specific inhaled steroids and inhaled steroid dose during pregnancy and the incidence of infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) and mean birth weight. Methods Pregnant asthmatic women being treated with inhaled steroids were enrolled in the study before delivery by their managing allergists. Information regarding the specific inhaled steroid and daily dose used, requirement for oral steroids, occurrence of acute asthmatic episodes, maternal race, birth weight, gestational age, and congenital malformations was obtained for each patient. SGA was defined through use of a published normative sample of American births. Results A total of 474 women were enrolled in the study; of the 451 enrolled participants whose pregnancy ended in a singleton live birth, 396 (88%) completed the study. The incidence of infants with low birth weight, preterm births, and congenital malformations in this cohort was not greater than expected in the general population. The incidence of SGA was 7.1% (95% CI, 5.0% to 10.1%). No significant relationships between specific inhaled steroid or dose of inhaled steroid used and either SGA or mean birth weight were observed. Conclusion These data suggest that the use of inhaled steroids by pregnant asthmatic women does not reduce intrauterine growth and supports the recommendation that inhaled steroids should be used in the management of persistent asthma during pregnancy.
Arrestin Orchestrates Crosstalk Between G Protein–Coupled Receptors to Modulate the Spatiotemporal Activation of ERK MAPK

Rationale: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to diversified extracellular stimuli to modulate cellular function. Despite extensive studies investigating the regulation of single GPCR signaling cascades, the effects of concomitant GPCR activation on downstream signaling and cellular function remain unclear. Objective: We aimed to characterize the cellular mechanism by which GPCR crosstalk regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Methods and Results: Adrenergic receptors on cardiac fibroblasts were manipulated to examine the role of arrestin in the spatiotemporal regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 MAPK signaling. We show a general mechanism in which arrestin activation by one GPCR is capable of regulating signaling originating from another GPCR. Activation of Gq coupled-receptor signaling leads to prolonged ERK1/2 MAPK phosphorylation, nuclear accumulation, and cellular proliferation. Interestingly, coactivation of these receptors with the β-adrenergi...
Spatial structure of the luminescence induced in SiF4 gas by 10.6 μ radiation

Abstract : Spatial structure in the luminescence resulting from electronically excited dissociation products is observed in SiF4 gas irradiated with the focused output of a pulsed high power CO2 laser. (Author)
The technique of total body irradiation applied at the leszczyński memorial hospital

Abstract Purpose To improve the reproducibility of patient positioning in fractionated irradiation and to achieve uniform irradiation of the patient, within 12–15Gy, excluding the lungs. Method Two special body frames were manufactured, one for treatment planning and the other for the treatment itself. Special tin markers were inserted in the walls to make it possible for a patient to maintain the same position during each fraction of irradiation. Patient treatment was carried out in six fractions (four lateral and two AP/PA fields), twice a day, over three consecutive days. The lungs were shielded during AP/PA fractions and during one lateral fraction. The shape of the shields for AP/PA fields was determined with the use of computer tomography scans, and for lateral fields on the basis of radiographic pictures taken by a simulator. The doses calculated at some selected anatomical points for every patient were checked by in vivo measurements which were carried out by means of MOSFET detectors. Results and conclusions Reproducibility of patient positioning during consecutive treatments and a uniform total dose distribution over the range of 12 – 15 Gy (except in the lungs) have been achieved. This has been confirmed by in vivo measurements.
Self-forgiveness versus excusing: The roles of remorse, effort, and acceptance of responsibility

Recent self-forgiveness research raises thorny issues: Are people who claim to forgive themselves merely excusing their offenses? Might it be adaptive for people to feel distress after they hurt others? This study asked 138 undergraduates to reflect on times when they offended others. Feelings of self-condemnation were associated with maladjustment, as shown in prior studies. However, participants reported more prosocial responses (repentance and a sense of being humbled) if they accepted responsibility, experienced remorse, and found that reducing negative feelings required effort. Egotism was associated with reluctance to accept responsibility, whereas a more shame-prone, neurotic pattern was associated with self-condemnation. To avoid confounding self-forgiveness with excusing, future studies should include responsibility ratings and should also distinguish between remorse and self-condemnation.
Estrogen therapy in immature female rats with posterior hypothalamic lesions.

SummaryTwenty, 21-day-old female albino rats were subjected to bilateral lesions of the region of the mammillary bodies. Within one day of receiving a repository dose of 0.5 μg of estradiol valerate, all 6 recipients showed vaginal opening with subsequent constant estrus and reproductive organ growth. Four animals receiving sesame oil and 8 receiving no treatment exhibited definite signs of delayed puberty and reproductive organ immaturity. These results indicate the inability of the prepuberal hypothalamus to elaborate or secrete those neurosecretory substances essential for the functional sexual state of the mammal, and the dependence of estrogen secretion upon normal hypothalamic activity as mediated via the hypothysis.
The NC Tars Project: Students leading the way to educate patients about proper use of antibiotics

Abstract Objective To describe a North Carolina Taking Antibiotic Resistance Seriously (NC Tars) project involving a student pharmacist coalition educating patients about appropriate use of antibiotics. Setting Charlotte, NC, metropolitan area in October 2008. Practice description Student pharmacists from the Wingate University School of Pharmacy were educated on the importance of antibiotic safety and the threat of antibiotic resistance, and groups of students were assigned to local community pharmacies where they assessed patients' knowledge of antibiotic resistance. Practice innovation Student pharmacists expanded their knowledge of antibiotic resistance and were provided an opportunity to participate in a service-learning project in their community. Main outcome measures Patient knowledge regarding proper antibiotic use and the threat of antibiotic resistance. Results Patient knowledge was increased. Patients reported that the information provided by the student pharmacists was beneficial and would be useful in the future. Conclusion The NC Tars project is a unique, student-driven education program that has the potential to raise public awareness about the proper use of antibiotics and the threat of antibiotic resistance in the community setting. Through this experience, students were provided an opportunity to educate patients via a service-learning experience.
Engineered Microvessels Subjected to Interstitial Flow

Most previous research on engineered microvessels has been in isotropic systems;1–3 however, aligned microvessels would be advantageous both in terms of mimicking alignment in native tissue (e.g. myocardium4), and in terms of establishing efficient perfusion of the microvessels, as alignment creates natural inlet and outlet sides.Copyright © 2013 by ASME