cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of human stem cell-derived hepatocytes in an animal model of acute liver failure.

Introduction Hepatocyte cell transplantation can be life-saving in patients with acute liver failure (ALF); however, primary human hepatocyte transplantation is limited by the scarcity of donor hepatocytes. We investigated the effect of stem cell-derived, hepatocyte-like cells in an animal xenotransplant model of ALF. Methods Intraperitoneal d -galactosamine was used to develop a lethal model of ALF in the rat. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), human mesenchymal stem cells, and human iPSC combined with human endothelial cells (iPSC + EC) were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells and transplanted into the spleens of athymic nude rats with ALF. Results A reproducible lethal model of ALF was achieved with nearly 90% death within 3 days. Compared with negative controls, rats transplanted with stem cell-derived, hepatocyte-like cells were associated with increased survival. Human albumin was detected in the rat serum 3 days after transplantation in more than one-half the animals transplanted with hepatocyte-like cells. Only animals transplanted with iPSC + EC-derived hepatocytes had serum human albumin at 14 days posttransplant. Transplanted hepatocyte-like cells homed to the injured rat liver, whereas the ECs were only detected in the spleen. Conclusion Transplantation of stem cell-derived, hepatocyte-like cells improved survival with evidence of in vivo human albumin production. Combining ECs may prolong cell function after transplantation.
GLUCONATE METABOLISM OF PASTEURELLA PESTIS

Abstract Mortlock, R. P. (U.S. Army Chemical Corps, Frederick, Md.). Gluconate metabolism of Pasteurella pestis. J. Bacteriol. 84:53–59. 1962.—During a study of gluconate metabolism by a virulent strain of Pasteurella pestis, evidence was obtained for the presence of gluconokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transketolase, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate dehydrase in cell-free extracts. A study of the products of 6-phosphogluconate degradation by extracts indicated that 6-phosphogluconate was metabolized by both the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase-transketolase pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. No evidence could be obtained for the presence of an active glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Multi-channel blockers for treatment of atrial fibrillation: an effective strategy?

This editorial refers to ‘The new antiarrhythmic drug Vernakalant: ex vivo study of human atrial tissue from sinus rhythm and chronic atrial fibrillation’ by Wettwer et al ., pp. 145–154, this issue, and to ‘Atrial selectivity in Na+ channel blockade by acute amiodarone’ by Suzuki et al. pp. 136–144, this issue. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and one of the most vexing cardiovascular conditions for patients and the physicians who care for them. AF is a primary cause of cardioembolic stroke and may account for more than 20% of all stroke cases in older individuals.1 While AF can easily be diagnosed by electrocardiography, many cases of AF are undetected due to the lack of symptoms. Lifetime risk for developing AF after an age of 40 years is ∼25% for both men and women. The prevalence of AF has been increasing, due to both ageing of the population and an increased prevalence of risk factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle. The personal and societal economic consequences of AF are staggering. Given the scope of the problem, efforts to better diagnose and manage AF are urgently needed. Although many cardiovascular conditions (hypertension, heart failure, etc.) can be managed with drugs, pharmacotherapy for the management of AF remains inadequate. Many of the available antiarrhythmic drugs have the potential for life-threatening ventricular proarrhythmia, coupled with a limited efficacy in maintaining sinus rhythm. Other drugs have less proarrhythmia, but are associated with systemic toxicity when used for long periods. From this perspective, it seems clear that additional efforts to develop drugs that safely and effectively treat AF are urgently needed. To achieve this goal, fundamental studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of AF, to identify the differences between atrial and ventricular physiology, and then to selectively target the atrial …
Expression and utility of IMP3 in the differential diagnosis of atypical glandular cells and adenocarcinoma in liquid-based cervical cytology

Background Atypical glandular cell (AGC) interpretation in gynecological cytopathology presents many diagnostic challenges. We evaluated the expression of IMP3 in liquid-based cervical cytology and its utility in differentiating premalignant/malignant glandular lesions from benign/reactive processes. Additionally, we tried to determine whether IMP3 may be useful in differentiating among the types of uterine adenocarcinomas. Design Our cohort included 82 cases; 59 diagnosed with AGC and 23 with adenocarcinoma (Ac). IMP3 immunocytochemical stain was performed on ThinPrep slides and the results correlated with subsequent biopsy findings. IMP3 positivity was assessed by strong (2+ and 3+) granular cytoplasmic staining in at least one group of three epithelial cells. Results In the AGC group, IMP3 was positive in 14 (73.7%) of 19 cases that on histologic follow-up were confirmed Ac, and 39 (98.6%) of 40 non-glandular lesions/benign cases were negative. In the Ac group, IMP3 was expressed in 16 (69.6%) of 23 cases, of which 16 (72.2%) of 21 were uterine Ac. By combining the two groups, and excluding the 2 extrauterine carcinomas, IMP3 was positive in 30 (75%) of 40 uterine Ac, most of which (86.7%) were in situ/invasive endocervical Ac, and type II endometrial Ac (Papillary Serous and Clear Cell Carcinoma), and only 40% endometrioid Ac. Conclusion In ThinPrep slides with AGC, IMP3 positivity predicts the presence of a significant endocervical or endometrial lesion on subsequent histology, and may also be a potential diagnostic tool useful in differentiating among the types of adenocarcinomas of the female lower genital tract.
Addressing issues in probing the magnetic cusp region

Summary form only given. There are several inherent difficulties in making spatially resolved electrostatic probe measurements of plasma properties within a current collecting magnetic cusp. It is difficult to insert a physical probe into the region without shadowing current flow to the anode as a result of the physical obstruction of field lines by the probe body. Current flow to the probe collecting surface can also be shadowed by the probe body blocking flux lines that curve away from the probe surface as a consequence of the physical magnetic field distribution in the region. Shadowing can therefore significantly reduce collected current at the probe, the anode, or both. The problem is complicated by the presence of the plasma sheath and the large magnetic field at the anode surface. Since the sheath potential varies spatially, it is not possible to simply set the voltage on a collecting probe and measure electron density when the potential is changing as a function of probe position. Unless the probe is biased at the local plasma potential at each point, the probe sheath will interfere with the local plasma conditions. A solution to these issues is proposed in the form of a joint emissive/collecting probe that will negate the shadowing issue as well. The probe will measure plasma potential and then interrogate the cusp region by actively biasing the probe in collection mode at the plasma potential. At the plasma potential, the maximum current flowing through that point is collected provided shadowing affects are accounted for.
Family Carers’ Experiences of Paid Domiciliary Care at the End of Life

Background: Most informal family carers looking after a dying loved one at home need some help from paid domiciliary carers. These carers are usually care assistants who provide personal care. They are employed by independent domiciliary care agencies. This article is derived from a qualitative study of carers’ expectations of the dying process. It focuses on informal family carers’ experiences of paid domiciliary carers during this period. Aims: The study aimed to examine carers’ expectations of the dying process of the family member for whom they are caring and what helps and does not help them to cope. Methods: Using a grounded theory approach, 15 carers were interviewed in the weeks before the dying phase and again 3 months after the death of their family member. Through an inductive process, a metaphor of carers performing a role in a drama emerged and this changed the focus to dramaturgical analysis. Results: Paid carers perform a vital supporting role but carers reported very mixed experiences. They described standards of care and management that ranged from very good to horrendous. Conclusion: High-quality care is required of all domiciliary care services providing end-of-life care. Specific training and support for care workers and managers may improve standards of care. More research on paid care is needed. Conflicts of interest: none
Is the Marketing Concept Short-Term Oriented?

The marketing concept has been exposed to extensive review and critique. This paper examines the criticism that the marketing concept leads to a short term orientation. It concludes that the concept, if naively interpreted, could lead to short-term orientation. The paper calls for a broader interpretation of the marketing concept such that the concept is made applicable to the entire organizational hierarchy. It also suggest processes which will lead to a longer term orientation.
Renal transepithelial phosphate secretion: luminal membrane voltage and Ca2+ dependence

The role of apical membrane electrical potential, the possibility of K+ channel involvement, and the role of extracellular Ca2+ in transepithelial P(i) secretion were examined in primary monolayer cultures of flounder renal proximal tubule cells in Ussing chambers. Exposure to 200 nM thapsigargin (TG) significantly increased net P(i) secretion. In TG-stimulated tissues, substitution of 100 mM KCl for 100 mM NaCl in the luminal medium depolarized the apical membrane potential from -64 +/- 2.8 to -26 +/- 3.9 mV and strongly inhibited net P(i) secretion. In 32P(i)-preloaded tissues, cell-to-lumen exit of 32P(i) was significantly decreased to approximately 50% of control by high luminal K+ while cell-to-peritubular bath movement was unchanged. Addition of BaCl2 (2 mM) or charybdotoxin (20 nM) to the luminal surface significantly reduced TG-stimulated net P(i) secretion. The elevation of bath Ca2+ from 2 to 5 mM significantly increased secretory flux and decreased reabsorptive flux. The effect of TG on net P(i) secretion was reduced by the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil (VE, 100 microM) to 65% of control and by calmodulin antagonist W-7 (20 microM) to 35% of control but it was not blocked by the protein kinase inhibitor H-7 (100 microM). VE also significantly inhibited the P(i) secretion induced by acidification of the peritubular bathing medium. The data indicate that transepithelial P(i) secretion induced by TG is significantly influenced by apical membrane electrical polarity, which may be regulated in part by Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels.
Electron Transfer in Electrophilic Aromatic Nitration and Nitrosation: Computational Evidence for the Marcus Inverted Region

Electrophilic aromatic nitrosation and nitration are among the most important electron transfer (ET) reactions. According to the electron transfer theory, an ET process can be described with two electron-localized diabatic states, and the electronic coupling between these two states, together with the organization energy and reaction energy, determine the ET efficiency. A proper definition of the strictly electron-localized states thus is the key. Here we used the valence bond theory to derive the diabatic states and probe the interactions of NO+ and NO2+ with benzene and identify the origin of their significant difference in reactivity. Results show that the high deformation cost for NO2+ overshadows the fact that it has much high charge transfer interaction in [C6H6,NO2]+. While NO+ uses π orbitals to bind benzene and the orbital switch results in a high barrier from π- to σ-complex, NO2+ uses a vacant σ(Nsp2) orbital, making the transition nearly barrierless. Significantly, we found that the post-ET st...
Correlation and relativistic effects in U metal and U-Zr alloy: Validation of ab initio approaches

Ab initio calculations have been performed on all solid phases of U metal and U-Zr alloy, the basis of a promising metallic fuel for fast nuclear reactors. Based on generalized gradient approximation, both density functional theory (DFT) in its standard form and the so-called DFT plus Hubbard $U$ (DFT+$U$) modification are evaluated. The evolution of calculated energetics, volume, magnetic moments, electronic structure, and $f$-orbital occupation as functions of the effective Hubbard $U$ parameter, ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$, is carefully examined at ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ from 0 to 4 eV. DFT is found to overestimate energetics, underestimate volume, downward shift some $f$ bands near Fermi level and overestimate $f$-orbital occupation against existing experimental and/or computational data. The error is \ensuremath{\sim}0.07 eV/atom in terms of enthalpy, which affects phase stability modeling for \ensuremath{\delta}(U,Zr) and \ensuremath{\gamma}(U,Zr). DFT+$U$ at ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1\ensuremath{-}1.5$ eV offers clear improvement on these calculated properties (\ensuremath{\sim}0.05 eV/atom in terms of enthalpy) and in general still neither promotes ordered magnetic moments nor opens unphysical band gaps, which occur at higher ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ values. The empirical ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ values of 1--1.5 eV are close to but smaller than the theoretical estimations of 1.9--2.3 eV that we obtain from the linear response approach. ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is found to vary only slightly (\ensuremath{\le}0.24 eV) between different phases and at different compositions of U and U-Zr; thus, a single ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1.24$ eV, which is the statistical optimal from energetic fitting, is suggested for both U and U-Zr. Besides correlation, the relativistic effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is also systematically explored. SOC is found to lower energy, increase volume, and split the 5$f$ shell above Fermi level and reduce $f$-orbital occupation. The effect predominates in the unoccupied states and is very small on all these calculated ground state properties (\ensuremath{\sim}0.02 eV/atom in terms of enthalpy).
Ignoring the problem: Spatial strategies for ameliorating social contradictions in early South Asian Buddhism:

In the last 50 years, anthropologists have come to understand that cultures are fractured and fractious rather than carefully balanced systems. In this time, many anthropologists, often relying on theoretical understandings of power, have sought to explain how social fissures and social contradictions are resolved, exploited or synthesized. In this article, I propose another way people accommodate irresolvable social contradictions — they ignore them. Through a study of the architectural layout of early Buddhist worship halls in South Asia (c.250 BCE—100 CE), this article examines spatial strategies for ignoring intractable social contradictions. Ancient Buddhist monks ameliorated contradictions between the need for individual asceticism and communalism by spatially separating the simultaneous experience of contradictory ritual acts.
An internet-based smoking cessation program for Korean Americans: results from a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION Smoking is quite prevalent among Korean Americans (KAs). Quitting is Winning was developed using community-based participatory research principles as an online self-help smoking cessation program for KAs in response to feedback from our community partner who felt that most KAs prefer to quit "on their own." METHODS A randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate this cognitive-behavioral program. The main outcome was the proportion of participants who had quit for at least 30 days, 50 weeks after enrollment, among those randomized into the Internet intervention compared with those receiving a similar program via booklet. The study had 11 online surveys administered every 5 weeks. RESULTS The study took place between September 2005 and April 2009 and had a final enrollment of 1,112. Based on the outcome assessed at 50 weeks, there was no significant difference in 30-day smoking cessation between the Internet (11%) and booklet (13%) groups (intent-to-treat [ITT] difference = -2%, 95% CI = -6% to 2%). In post-hoc analysis, quitting was higher among participants in the Internet intervention (n = 562) who completed the online program: 26% quit compared with 10% who did not complete the program (ITT difference = 16%, 95% CI = 3%-29%). CONCLUSIONS The Internet self-help smoking cessation program appears to help KA smokers quit, although not more than a similar program delivered via booklet. If we can get people engaged, online cessation programs have potential to reach smokers who would not or cannot participate in more traditional interventions.
Comparative analysis of laparoscope techniques and ultrasound-guided intervention technique in diagnosis and treatment of pelvic abscess

Objective To comparatively analyze the methods and therapeutic effect of laparoscope techniques and ultrasound-guided intervention technique in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic abscess,and to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the two minimally invasive techniques.Methods Twenty cases of pelvic abscess were examined and treated by laparoscope techniques,and other 20 cases of pelvic abscess were examined and treated by ultrasound-guided intervention technique.Then the therapeutic effect,treatment time and postoperative recovery of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results The recovery rate of two minimally invasive techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic abscess was 95%.The treatment time,postoperative temperature recovery time and length of stay in ultrasound-guided intervention group was longer than those in laparoscope group,while the out-of-bed activity time and complication happened was less than those in laparoscope group.Conclusion The two methods in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic abscess have their own advantages and disadvantages,patients can choose suitable minimally invasive method according to their characteristics.
The Accident and Safety Strategy of Cardiopulmonary Bypass of Infants with Congenital Heart Disease in 1800 Cases

OBJECTIVE To summarize and investigate avoiding and reducing the incidence of accident during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). METHODS 1800 infants underwent surgical correction of congenital heart disease in our center from April,2004 to October,2008.RESULTS Accident was 0.33%(6/1800),including 1 case of insufficient capacity of oxygenation of bubble oxygenator,1 case of blockage in hollow fiber membrance oxygenator,1 case of aeroembolism in coronary artery,2 cases of aeroembolism in artery tube and 1 case of venous cannalla slip out.There was no death.CONCLUSION The characteristic of CPB in infants is more complicated and high risk.Well-trained team,that knows well responsibilities and emergency care is key of decreasing accident in CPB.
Bringing culture back in: the class origins and ethnoracial destinations of culture and achievement

ABSTRACTNotably absent from assimilation scholarship are analyses that seriously engage, rather than dismiss, cultural explanations for differences in group outcomes. That dismissal has left the assimilation scholars ill-equipped to thoroughly respond to popular and quasi-academic explanations that rely on an all-encompassing view of culture to explain immigrant group differences in socioeconomic outcomes. Jennifer Lee and Min Zhou’s The Asian American Achievement Paradox embraces the cultural explanation, but traces the root of an ethnoracial culture to its class origins. In so doing, Lee and Zhou force scholars to contend seriously with ‘culture’ as part of a larger explanation for group outcomes.
Antihypertensive adherence and outcomes among community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Rationale, aims, and objectives Despite proven benefits for reducing incidence of major cardiac events, antihypertensive drug therapy remains underutilized in the United States. This analysis assesses antihypertensive drug adherence, utilization predictors, and associations between adherence and outcomes (a composite of cardiovascular events, Medicare inpatient payments, and inpatient days). Methods The sample consisted of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study cohort participants reporting hypertension without prevalent cardiovascular disease during 2006 to 2007 annual follow-up calls. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities records were linked to Medicare claims through 2012. Antihypertensive medication adherence was measured as more than 80% proportion days covered by using Medicare Part D claims. Standard and hierarchical regression models were used to evaluate adjusted associations between person characteristics and adherence and between adherence and outcomes. Results Among 1826 hypertensive participants with Part D coverage, 31.5% had no antihypertensive class with more than 80% proportion days covered in the 3 months preceding the report of hypertension in 2006 to 2007. After adjustment for confounders, positive predictors of use included female gender and diabetes; negative predictors were African-American race and current smoking. Adjusted association between receiving no therapy and a composite endpoint of cardiovascular outcomes through 2012 was not statistically significant (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.72, 1.22) nor was the adjusted association with Medicare inpatient days or payments (incremental difference at 48 months in payments: $1217; 95% CI: −$2030, $4463). Conclusions Despite having medical and prescription coverage, nearly a third of hypertensive participants were not adherent to antihypertensive drug therapy. Differences in clinical outcomes associated with nonadherence, though not statistically significant, were consistent with results from randomized trials. The approach provides a model framework for rigorous assessment of detailed data that are increasingly available through emerging sources.
Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Autism Addendum: Reliability and Validity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Assessing anxiety in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is inherently challenging due to overlapping (e.g., social avoidance) and ambiguous symptoms (e.g., fears of change). An ASD addendum to the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule–Child/Parent, Parent Version (ADIS/ASA) was developed to provide a systematic approach for differentiating traditional anxiety disorders from symptoms of ASD and more ambiguous, ASD-related anxiety symptoms. Interrater reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were examined in a sample of 69 youth with ASD (8–13 years, 75% male, IQ = 68–143) seeking treatment for anxiety. The parents of participants completed the ADIS/ASA and a battery of behavioral measures. A second rater independently observed and scored recordings of the original interviews. Findings suggest reliable measurement of comorbid (intraclass correlation = 0.85–0.98, κ = 0.67–0.91) as well as ambiguous anxiety-like symptoms (intraclass correlation = 0.87–95, κ = 0.77–0.90) in children with ASD. Convergent...
Active and reactive power operational region for grid-interactive cascaded h-bridge multilevel converters

Cascaded h-bridge (CHB) multilevel converters are being considered as a promising option for interfacing renewable energy resources with the grid, due to their modularity, scalability, and increased efficiency when compared to traditionally used two-level inverters. When used as grid interfaces, CHB converters should be capable of controlling the injected active and reactive power while also satisfying operating criteria such as grid standards, e.g. IEEE 519. This paper aims to identify practically available operating points in the PQ plane when using a grid-interactive CHB converter, and to determine the factors which prevent utilization of other operating points. This work (i) provides distribution engineers with information regarding the active and reactive power which can feasibly be generated by a grid-interactive CHB converter, (ii) creates a framework for assessing operating point trajectories when altering the steady-state operation of grid-tied CHB converters, and (iii) provides a basis for selecting and modifying steady-state PWM generation techniques in order to meet desired performance criteria. Simulation data are presented to verify the findings of this work.
Short communication: Automated detection of behavioral changes from respiratory disease in pre-weaned calves

Group housing of calves can pose a challenge in identifying respiratory disease; therefore, it is necessary to develop tools that can identify these disease events. In this experiment, pre-weaned calves (n = 30) were housed in groups with an automatic calf feeder and were fitted with an accelerometer. Step activity, lying behaviors, and feeding behaviors were recorded to determine the effect of respiratory disease. All calves were health scored twice daily, and calves with respiratory scores ≥5 were diagnosed with respiratory disease (n = 10). Each diseased calf was match paired with a healthy control based on the date of disease diagnosis, breed, and age. Control calves were determined to be healthy if they had respiratory scores ≤4, as well as fecal, navel, and joint scores of 0 or 1. Diseased calves were less active before, on the day of, and after respiratory disease diagnosis. Furthermore, diseased calves had reduced lying frequencies starting 2 d before diagnosis, as well as after diagnosis. Last, diseased calves consumed less milk on the day of diagnosis when compared with healthy controls. Step activity, lying bouts, and milk intake may prove to be a useful tool in identifying respiratory disease under practical farming, but this requires further research.
The Middle Way Getting Its Way

Nāgārjuna: “Versos Fundamentais do Caminho do Meio” ( Mūlamadhyamakakārikā ), traducao, comentarios e notas de Giuseppe Ferraro (UFMG). Campinas: Editora Phi. 684 pp. 2016. ISBN: 9788566045338
Basic Concepts and Foundations

The four words most used in MCDM literature are: attributes, objectives, goals and criteria. There are no universal definitions of these terms [BM-13]. Some authors make distinctions in their usage while many use them interchangeably. We will make some distinctions among these words in terms of their usage.
Receptors for Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors I and II in PCD Mice and Diabetic Rats are Unaltered: An Autoradiographic Study

Specific receptors for insulin and the insulin-like growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, are present in the central nervous system. Insulin binding sites were initially identified and localized to discrete areas of rat brain using membrane preparations (Havrankova et al., 1978) with the highest concentration in the olfactory bulb, limbic system and hypothalamus. Later studies, which combined autoradiography and radioreceptors assays using fresh frozen rat tissue slices (Hill et al, 1986), showed that specific binding of insulin is distributed throughout the brain in well defined neuroanatomic areas, and confirmed the earlier study by showing greatest density in the olfactory bulb and limbic system. Specific binding was demonstrated with competition studies which were like those of typical insulin receptors. We have also used autoradiography to study the binding sites of [125-I] IGF-I and [125I] IGF-II in rat brain and compared the pattern of binding to that of insulin (Lesniak et al, 1988).
The Affordable Care Act's Effect on Discharge Disposition of Racial Minority Trauma Patients in the United States.

Our aim was to examine the US trauma population before and after the Affordable Care Act (ACA), specifically examining racial disparities in insurance status as well as access to post-hospitalization care in the trauma population. The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for all non-burn patients age 18 to 64. The patient data was grouped into pre-ACA (2012–2013) and post-ACA (2014–2015). Regression analysis was controlled for age, sex, race (when applicable), type of injury (blunt vs penetrating), ISS, shock, head injury, and mechanical ventilation and clustered by hospital. After ACA implementation, mortality decreased (2.4% from 2.6%, P < 0.001) and the number of patients discharged to acute care, nursing homes, and rehabilitation also decreased. Adjusting for age, sex, race, and injury-related variables associated with post-hospital care, the likelihood of discharge to acute care, skilled nursing, and rehab facilities decreased significantly post-ACA for all insurance and discharge destinations except those patients with private insurance discharging to rehab facilities. All uninsured patients as well as Caucasians with public insurance were more likely to die from their injuries than Caucasians with private insurance. After ACA, other minorities with private insurance had a higher mortality than privately-insured Caucasians. Despite an increase in the rate of insured trauma patients, after implementation of the affordable care act there was no increase in post-hospital care facility utilization, particularly for minorities. Uninsured trauma patients, who are more likely to be minorities, have not only decreased access to rehabilitation resources but also higher mortality.
Reducing Hypoglycemia in Critical Care Patients Using a Nurse-Driven Root Cause Analysis Process.

BACKGROUND Successful blood glucose control is associated with improved outcomes of critically ill patients. However, insulin treatment can cause hypoglycemia, an important patient safety concern. The Joint Commission has recommended that all episodes of hypoglycemia be evaluated with a root cause analysis. OBJECTIVE To reduce episodes of hypoglycemia through the analysis of data related to each episode. METHODS The interdisciplinary team of the 16-bed critical care unit of a university-affilited teaching hospital developed a process to analyze, in real time, each episode of hypoglycemia (blood glucose level <60 mg/dL), including evaluation of patient risk factors and nursing interventions. The nursing staff integrated the root cause analysis into daily practice. The preimplementation period encompassed 2429 consecutive admissions, and the implementation period encompassed 2608 consecutive admissions. RESULTS The percentage of patients with hypoglycemia decreased substantially during the implementation period among those without (from 6.15% to 3.78%; P = .001) and with diabetes (from 13.14% to 7.23%; P = .002). Mean blood glucose level decreased during the implementation period among patients without diabetes (P < .001), and did not change significantly among patients with diabetes (P = .23). The coefficient of variation, reflecting glucose variability, decreased during the implementation period among patients without and with diabetes (P < .001 for each). CONCLUSION The nurse-driven root cause analysis was associated with a substantial reduction in hypoglycemia, with concomitant decreases in mean blood glucose level among patients without diabetes and glucose variability in patients without and with diabetes.
Aerial and ground vehicles synthetic SAR dataset generation for automatic target recognition

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology offers innovative remote sensing opportunity for the area of surveillance applications. However, for the Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) of aerial and ground vehicles from SAR data, there is a need for large-scale imagery of the target objects of interest (TOI’s) from different perspective viewing angles – that is rarely available publically. Such large datasets can be very instrumental for the initial training of deep learning classifiers as well as for the achievement of improved transfer learning. In this paper, we address this shortcoming by introducing IRIS Electromagnetic (EM) modeling and simulation system for virtual staging and automatic generation of realistic synthetic (i.e. simulated) multi0perspective SAR imagery of the test vehicles for the purpose of training of ATR classifiers. Primarily, we prepared a collection of 250 physics-based CAD models containing different aerial and ground vehicles objects. A fourstep process was implemented. In the first step, an optimized multi-path ray-tracing technique was developed for obtaining the synthetic EM radiation backscattering reflectivity patterns of the test objects. In the second step, we furnish the synthetically generated SAR images with different backgrounds (e.g. ground, grass, and asphalt) by employing appropriate noise modulation transfer functions. In the third step, we introduced a method for projecting directional test objects’ shadows from eight different perspective viewings. In the final step, the surface regions producing high-strength radiation backscatterings were highlighted to further enhance realism of the synthetically generated SAR images. To test and verify the validity and dependability of this proposed approach, we compared our simulated SAR imagery results against a number of comparable military and commercial vehicles from MSTAR dataset.
Non-REM Apnea and Hypopnea Duration Varies across Population Groups and Physiologic Traits

Rationale: Symptoms and morbidities associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) vary across individuals and are not predicted by the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Respiratory event duration is a he...
Multifunctional composite kirigami skins for aerodynamic control

The development of low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been proposed for many high-impact civilian-centered applications such as expanding telecommunication networks in remote locations, improved weather monitoring, and terrain surveying. Such missions, which can last anywhere from hours to days, rely on efficient, lightweight, and high-aspect ratio designs to minimize energy consumption. We investigate a method of aerodynamic control that also permits energy harvesting through surface texturing on aircraft wings using multifunctional kirigami composites. These kirigami skins produce 3D surface features when axially strained and have been manufactured using thin-film solar cells. Here, we show that when actuated, these 3D features increase the drag over the wings, which can be used to control yaw. Wind tunnel experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of kirigami actuation on aerodynamic lift, drag, and yaw moment. These results demonstrate excellent yaw-control capabilities and delayed aerodynamic stall, indicating that the actuated kirigami features may delay flow separation. The implied multifunctionality of these kirigami skins is ideal for low-altitude UAVs, which benefit from both lightweight energy sources and actuators.
PROFILES OF DOMINANCE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The purpose of this study was to determine the dominance preferences of physical educators and the impact the profiles can have on pedagogical knowledge in the teaching/learning environment. Participants completed a self-assessment of dominant preferences survey in the areas of the brain hemisphere, eye, ear, hand and foot preference. Chi-square and cross-tab analysis were used to analyze the data according to age, sex, and teaching experience. A basic dominance profile for physical educators in the study was determined and the results revealed a profile of equal distribution for left and right-brain dominance and predominantly the right eye, ear, hand and foot preferences for the group. The profile for this group of physical educators was different from the profile of educators in previous research. The strengths of the left-brain dominants were in the visual, auditory, and movement preferences, while the weaknesses were in the kinesthetic preferences. The strengths for the right-brain dominants were only in the kinesthetic preferences, while the weaknesses were in the visual, auditory, and movement areas.
Social Disorganization and Strain: Macro and Micro Implications for Youth Violence:

Objectives:Explanations of community violence traditionally reflect a social disorganization perspective, suggesting that neighborhood characteristics affect crime via the intervening mechanism of ...
Research on Power-tapping Method from Ground Wire for Online Monitoring Equivalent of Incoming Section of Substation

Online monitoring of substation incoming section is of importance for lightning protection and safety operation of the substation. Aiming at online powering for the monitoring device of the incoming section, the method of energy-drawing from ground-wire, power, effects of concerned factors, and overvoltage of the device are analyzed with EMTP-ATP program. The results show that the power level of the energy-drawing from ground wire is rather small (about 1 Watt or so), but usually enough to meet the requirements of the online monitoring devices for power. On this basis, combining the power level, lightning strike overvoltage and engineering feasibility of the energy-drawing approaches, the basic principle for selecting the approach is determined. The above-said research results could provides reference for the on-spot powering for online monitoring device of incoming section of the substation.
Mapping Sentences Defined

In Chapter 1, we provided a brief background and introduction to facet theory, the approach to research design and construction within which mapping sentences play an indispensable role. We considered facet theory in a very basic and general sense and to a degree that students, and others not familiar with mapping sentences, would find benefit without providing an overload of complex concepts. In this chapter, we will define and provide greater detail about the mapping sentence in a way that we hope will allow readers to understand and employ mapping sentences. We also explain when to use this tool.
Characterizing Loop Acceleration in Heterogeneous Computing

Computation intensive applications usually consist of multiple nested or flattened loops. These loops are the main building blocks of the applications and embody a specific type of execution pattern. In order to reduce the running time of the loops, developers need to analyze the loops in the code and try to parallelize them on hardware accelerators, such as GPUs, TPUs, and FPGAs, which are increasingly available in the cloud. Unfortunately, the lack of understanding of loop characteristics and the ability of hardware accelerators in handling these types of loops prevents developers from choosing the right platform to develop their applications in the cloud. Also, developing and optimizing code for a specific accelerator is a time-consuming effort. To address these issues, this paper studies the effectiveness of different processors in accelerating common patterns of loops. It identifies five important types of loops that commonly exist in real-world applications, and presents Loopy, the implementations of these loops optimized for different architectures. Using Loopy, the paper also evaluates different hardware in accelerating the loop patterns. The result reveals the architectural differences among different accelerators with regard to different loop patterns. It also provides insights for the developers to choose the right accelerators for their applications. The current version of Loopy supports both FPGAs and GPUs, which are the most versatile and available accelerators.
The Meaning of Recreation: Humanism in Society

I BEGIN WITH the fact that my critical interests have always revolved around the Bible, not for doctrinal reasons but for reasons that had directly to do with my work as a literary critic. When I was still a junior instructor, I was trying to write a fcook on Blake and trying to teach Milton to undergraduates, and I complained to my departmental chairman that I was having some difficulty in reaching my students because we could no longer take for granted the working knowledge of the Bible that we used to be able to take. And a student without that knowledge simply does not know what is going on in English literature. My chairman said the only thing to do is to draft a course in the English Bible and teach it. He said, "How do you expect to teach Milton to students who don't know a Philistine from a Pharisee?" I said, "Perhaps in the kind of society they are going into, that particular distinction won't be important to them." But I didn't often talk like that to my chairman, except in moments of stress, so I drafted the course and I'm still teaching it. Recently I 've become more and more preoccupied with what becomes of the Bible when it is examined from the point of view of literary criticism. I think the first question that confronts one, then, is in what language has the Bible been written? The factual answers are Hebrew and Greek, but they hardly do justice to a book which has exerted most of its cultural influence in Latin and vernacular translations. Hebrew and
Automatic selection of split criterion during tree growing based on node location

Abstract Typically, decision tree construction algorithms apply a single “goodness of split” criterion to form each test node of the tree. It is a hypothesis of this research that better results can be obtained if during tree construction one applies a split criterion suited to the “location” of the test node in the tree. Specifically, given the objective of maximizing predictive accuracy, test nodes near the root of the tree should be chosen using a measure based on information theory, whereas test nodes closer to the leaves of the pruned tree should be chosen to maximize classification accuracy on the training set. The results of an empirical evaluation illustrate that adapting the split criterion to node location can improve classification performance.
The Fourth Amendment: History, Purpose, and Remedies

In this article, Professor Loewy introduces the Fourth Amendment topics debated in the 2010 Texas Tech Criminal Law Symposium. Part I of this article begins with a critical overview of the Supreme Court’s use of history in resolving Fourth Amendment questions. Part II analyzes the values that the Fourth Amendment protects, emphasizing the concept of “reasonableness.” Part III evaluates the use of the exclusionary rule to enforce Fourth Amendment values. Professor Loewy concludes by recognizing his article’s overall unfavorable appraisal of the Supreme Court and inviting the symposium’s other speakers to share their opinions.
Autoantibodies and Autoimmunity

Autoimmunity is an immunological reaction against constituents of the organism that are normally tolerated by the immune system of that organism. Autoimmune reactions can be either cell- or antibody-mediated. Autoantibodies are therefore antibodies that recognize normally tolerated cell and tissue constituents (or autoantigens). The antigenic specificity of an autoantibody can be a useful aid in clinical diagnosis. Autoantibodies are either cell (or tissue) specific, as found in organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune thyroiditis, or non–organ-specific and reactive with ubiquitous intracellular antigens, as found in multisystem autoimmune diseases such as the systemic rheumatic diseases. The latter group includes autoantibodies that recognize components of macromolecular complexes of nucleic acids and/or proteins such as small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles, nucleosomal and subnucleosomal structures, and tRNA synthetases, which are intrinsic components of all cell types present in an organism. Autoantibodies also recognize components of subcellular structures, including mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, nuclear membrane, and substructures within the nucleus and nucleolus. The ability of autoantibodies to recognize components of the cellular machinery of replication, transcription, RNA processing, RNA translation, and protein processing has made them important reagents for isolating cDNA clones that code for proteins involved in these cellular processes and for probing the relationship between molecular and cellular structure and function. The evolutionarily conserved nature of many autoantigens allows the use of autoantibodies to identify their target antigens in diverse species, ranging in some cases from humans to lower eukaryotes such as yeast. Autoantibodies have been used to inhibit the biological function of autoantigens and/or to recognize autoantigens in a defined functional state. Keywords: Antibody; Antigen; Epitope; Immunogen; Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF)
Regulation of heat shock factor in Schizosaccharomyces pombe more closely resembles regulation in mammals than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The heat shock response appears to be universal. All eucaryotes studied encode a protein, heat shock factor (HSF), that is believed to regulate transcription of heat shock genes. This protein binds to a regulatory sequence, the heat shock element, that is absolutely conserved among eucaryotes. We report here the identification of HSF in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. HSF binding was not observed in extracts from normally growing S. pombe (28 degrees C) but was detected in increasing amounts as the temperature of heat shock increased between 39 and 45 degrees C. This regulation is in contrast to that observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which HSF binding is detectable at both normal and heat shock temperatures. The S. pombe factor bound specifically to the heat shock element, as judged by methylation interference and DNase I protection analysis. The induction of S. pombe HSF was not inhibited by cycloheximide, suggesting that induction occurs posttranslationally, and the induced factor was shown to be phosphorylated. S. pombe HSF was purified to near homogeneity and was shown to have an apparent mobility of approximately 108 kDa. Since heat-induced DNA binding by HSF had previously been demonstrated only in metazoans, the conservation of heat-induced DNA binding by HSF among S. pombe and metazoans suggests that this mode of regulation is evolutionarily ancient.
Effects of illness attribution and depression on the quality of life among persons with serious mental illness

Attributing one's problems to a mental illness is associated with reduced subjective quality of life (QOL) among persons with schizophrenia, controlling for a broad range of socio-demographic, social, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Persons who attributed their problems to a 'physical, medical, or biological' problem in contrast to a 'mental illness' reported more positive social relations and higher overall quality of life. Much of the negative effect of mental illness attributions is explained by perceived stigma, lower self-esteem, and a higher level of depressive symptomatology. Depressive symptoms have an independent negative effect on QOL net of all other variables. These findings have important implications for the appropriate rehabilitation of persons with mental illness and require further scrutiny with prospective data.
Electron transfer in DNA: Predictions of exponential growth and decay of coupling with donor-acceptor distance

Experimental and theoretical work indicates the importance of protein structure in controlling electron-transfer (ET) reactions. Recently, great interest has been shown in exploring electronic coupling interactions in DNA. We report here that the electronic coupling calculated for a recently synthesized class of DNA oligomers with rigidly attached donors and acceptors displays a remarkable dependence on the nucleic acid structure. Indeed, a reversal in the sign of the exponential decay parameter is found in some cases if the donor-acceptor couplings are fit to a single exponential expression. The sign reversal reflects the inadequacy of single exponential models for describing bridge-mediated electron-transfer reaction rates. These effects in DNA oligomers arise from the three-dimensional structure of the double helix. The couplings do decay monotonically with the tunneling pathway length between donor and acceptor, σl (estimated from tunneling pathway analysis), but not with the direct through-space donor-acceptor separation distance.