cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EmoVis – An Interactive Visualization Tool to Track Emotional Trends During Crisis Events

The goal of this research is to develop a novel tool that can aid social science researchers in inferring emotional trends over large-scale cultural stressors. We demonstrate the usefulness of the tool in describing the emotional timeline of a major crisis event – the 2017 Charlottesville protests. The tool facilitates understanding of how large-scale cultural stressors yield changes in emotional responses. The timeline tool describes the modulation of emotional intensity with respect to how the Charlottesville event unfolded on Twitter. We have developed multiple features associated with the tool that tailor the presentation of the data, including the ability to focus on single or multiple emotions (e.g., anger and anxiety) and also delineate the timeline based on events that precede crises events, in this case, the Charlottesville protests. By doing so, we can begin to identify potential antecedents to various protest phenomena and their accompanying emotional responses.
Projectives in the Category of Ordered Spaces

Publisher Summary Stone Duality together with Sikorski's characterization of injective Boolean algebras ([S]) shows that in the category of Boolean spaces, the projective objects are the extremely disconnected spaces. Gleason ([G]) discovered that these spaces are the projective objects in the category of all compact spaces. The most general results were obtained by Banaschewski ([B1] and [B2]) and are included in the section on projective objects in a survey article on categorical topology by Herriich ([H]). An ordered space Y is called an ordered absolute if whenever X is an ordered space and f : X + Y is an order preserving irreducible map, then f is a homeomorphism.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Benign Pediatric Mandible Tumor.

Pediatric mandible tumors are rare and generally benign but can be locally aggressive. Diagnosis and treatment involve tumor identification, excision, and subsequent reconstruction. Successful reconstruction should address form and function of the mandible while minimizing morbidity. The authors review the diagnosis and treatment of a benign pediatric mandible tumor and the use of nonvascularized rib graft for mandible reconstruction. The subject of interest is an 8-year-old boy who presented with progressive left-sided facial swelling and examination findings concerning for a mandibular neoplasm. A large bony tumor of the left mandibular ramus and condyle was identified on computed tomography scan. Needle aspiration was performed but was nondiagnostic. The patient underwent en bloc resection and immediate reconstruction utilizing nonvascularized rib graft. Pathologic analysis demonstrated a benign fibro-osseous lesion consistent with fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, or aneurysmal bone cyst. The patient had excellent recovery of jaw function and resumption of solid diet 5 weeks after reconstruction. Mandibular defects >6 cm in length often require free vascularized bone flaps for reconstruction; however, these procedures can have greater morbidity in the skeletally immature patient. Nonvascularized rib graft is a viable alternative that also allows for reconstruction of the mandibular condyle using the costocartilagenous cap of the harvested rib. The authors present this case as an example of a rare pediatric head and neck tumor and review of the approach to diagnosis and treatment, including special considerations for complex pediatric mandibular reconstruction.
How Does Analyst Coverage Affect the Quantity, Timing, and Content of Media Coverage?

This paper examines how sell-side analyst coverage influences the quantity, timing, and content of firm-specific media coverage. On the one hand, the loss of analyst information, on which journalists rely, raises the costs of developing a news article. On the other hand, the loss reduces competition and increases investor uncertainty, thus raising the benefits of news articles. Consistent with the added costs outweighing the added benefits, our initial evidence suggests that exogenous reductions in analyst coverage decrease the overall quantity of media coverage. However, media coverage around earnings announcements actually increases, albeit not enough to offset the decrease in coverage at other times. Furthermore, earnings announcement media coverage becomes substantially more informative, as measured by the ability of media sentiment to predict future performance. Overall, our results suggest drops in analyst coverage decrease overall media coverage and shift the media’s information production towards lower cost, more predictable activities.
Motor function decline correlates with behavioral impairment in C9orf72 mutation carriers.

Expansion mutations in the C9orf72 gene are associated with clinical presentations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and mixed ALS-FTD features.1 Clinical phenotypes in neurodegenerative disorders have been attributed to the progression of degeneration along specific networks, implying that different networks produce symptoms of ALS and FTD. In a longitudinal study of C9orf72 expansion carriers, we found that the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) declined in patients meeting the criteria for ALS or ALS-FTD, and the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) worsened in patients meeting the criteria for FTD/dementia or ALS-FTD.2 To explore whether degeneration affects motor, cognitive, and behavioral domains differentially, we examined correlations between changes in ALSFRS-R scores, FBI scores, and cognitive measures over a 6-month period in C9orf72 carriers.
Formal/informal employment and urban food security in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to add nearly 800 million urban residents by 2050. Due to this rapid urban population increase there is an urgent need to understand the drivers of urban food security across the region. Understanding food security in an urban environment is difficult due to the complexity of the relationships between urban consumers and food suppliers. Unlike rural communities, urban residents produce little of their own food, and are largely reliant on food suppliers to meet their dietary needs. Identifying urban food insecure households is further complicated by the lack of food security metrics specifically designed for the urban context. We use household-level data from 718 low-income households in Lusaka, Zambia, to assess urban food security through two measures, the Food Consumption Score (FCS) and the Coping Strategies Index (CSI). Our assessment investigates the association between food security and different employment types across the city, with particular attention paid to spatial variance of outcomes and statistical differences between households with majority formal or informal employment. Our study reveals three substantial findings. First, we find statistically significant differences in FCS and CSI of households predominantly engaged with formal employment over households engaged in informal employment. Secondly, we find significant associations between purchasing food from informal and formal food suppliers and the use of coping strategies and consumption of higher calorie foods. Lastly, we identify substantial challenges in using FCS and CSI to evaluate urban food security. Both metrics are predicated on underlying assumptions that may not accurately represent household food consumption and coping strategies in urban areas of SSA.
Elevated D-Dimer Is Associated with Multiple Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

D-dimer is a prognostic marker for Covid-19 disease mortality and severity in hospitalized patients; however, little is known about the association between D-dimer and other clinical outcomes. The aim of this paper was to define a threshold of D-dimer to use in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 and to assess its utility in prognosticating in-hospital mortality, development of an acute kidney injury (AKI), and need for hemodialysis, vasopressors, or intubation. This is a single-center, retrospective, cohort review study of 100 predominantly minority patients (94%) hospitalized with Covid-19. The electronic medical record system was used to collect data. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analysis were used to determine optimal thresholds of peak D-dimer, defined as the highest D-dimer obtained during admission that was clinically meaningful. Odds ratios were then used to assess the relationship between peak D-dimer thresholds and clinical outcomes. D-dimer > 2.1 μg/mL and > 2.48 μg/mL had > 90% sensitivity and > 50% specificity for predicting need for vasopressors (AUC 0.80) or intubation (AUC 0.83) and in-hospital mortality (AUC 0.89), respectively. Additionally, D-dimer > 4.86 μg/mL had a 100% sensitivity and 81% specificity for predicting the need for hemodialysis (AUC 0.92). Furthermore, peak D-dimer > 2.48 μg/mL was associated with in-hospital mortality (p 2.48 μg/mL may be a useful threshold that is prognostic of multiple clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with Covid-19.
Wilson: The Heart of Community Engagement: Practitioner Stories From Across the Globe

Field-based research is an essential requirement for effective urban planning and design. The failure of what William F. Whyte describes as the “professional-expert” model of research reflected in ...
Quadrotor-Enabled Autonomous Parking Occupancy Detection

Large special-events parking involves various parking scenarios, e.g., temporary parking and on-street parking. Their occupancy detection is challenging as it is unrealistic to construct gates/stations for temporary parking areas or build a sensor-based detection system to cover every single street. To address this issue, this study develops a quadrotor-enabled autonomous parking occupancy detection system. A camera-equipped quadrotor is flying over the parking lot first; then the images are captured by the on-board camera of the quadrotor and transferred to the ground station; finally, the ground station will process and release the occupancy information to the driver’s mobile devices. The decision tree learning algorithm is adopted to determine the optimal flying speed for the quadrotor to balance the trade-off between the detection efficiency and accuracy. In order to tackle the complex environment in real-life parking, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based vehicle detection model has been trained and implemented, where the realistic factors, e.g., passing pedestrians and tree blocking, are considered. Experiments are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
"We Learn Through Our Struggles": Nuancing Notions of Urban Black Male Academic Preparation for Postsecondary Success

Background/ContextScholars agree that students’ academic preparation for college begins as early as middle school. This preparation includes both instructional and social supports. The present stud...
HIV and COVID-19: Lessons From HIV and STI Harm Reduction Strategies.

This review highlights the intersection of the COVID-19, HIV, and STI pandemics and examines how harm reduction strategies can be applied broadly to controlling a pandemic. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, remarkable advances in the understanding of COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment have been made at a much faster pace than prior pandemics, yet much more still remains to be discovered. Many of the strategies to control the COVID-19 pandemic mirror those employed to stem the HIV pandemic. Harm reduction principles used in the HIV pandemic can be applied to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic through effective prevention, detection, and treatment strategies.
Metamorphic Testing on the Continuum of Verification and Validation of Simulation Models

Metamorphic testing has been shown to be useful in testing "non-testable" programs in many domains. Modeling & simulation is one such domain, where both verification and validation can be difficult due to lack of oracles. Although the definition of verification and validation vary slightly in modeling and simulation when compared to standard software, we show that metamorphic testing is appropriate in both aspects of ensuring that a simulation model is accurate. In this paper we expand on our five years of prior work on metamorphic testing for simulation validation to show how metamorphic testing can be used for verification as well, and how the previously defined guidelines for validation can be utilized in eliciting metamorphic relations for verification.
Making Sense of a Complex Disease: A Practical Approach to Managing Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous clinical entity with a broad range of grade, pace of disease, functional status, and primary sites. Pathologic classification, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic options for NETs have evolved considerably in the past decade. In part driven by these advances, incidence and prevalence of NETs are rising in the United States and the practicing oncologist is likely to encounter these in the clinic. However, there are no clear lines of therapy for unresectable or metastatic NETs, and sequencing of systemic therapies depends on consideration of patient and tumor characteristics including extent of disease, grade, pace of growth, functional status, primary site, somatostatin receptor status, performance status, and comorbidities. Familiarity with ongoing clinical trials will guide therapeutic decision making as well. In this review, we seek to provide a framework to formulate and tailor an individualized treatment plan for each patient with a NET.
Emotional reactions to pregnancy

0 BSTETRICIANS and gynecologists have unusual opportunities to direct patients in healthy attitudes regarding sex, childbirth, and parenthood. A number of physicians in our specialty1-7 have recently recorded the adva.ntages of evaluating the emotional along with the physiologic and pathologic processes in pregnancy. During the past fifty years motherhood has gained a great scientific margin of safety. As we progress into the second half of this century, we find physicians with an increasing interest in the emotional factors which contribute to the good health of their patients. The purpose of this presentation is to direct attention to certain emotional reactions to pregnancy which form an important part of everyday obstetric practice. We all understand the influence of medical terminology on the lives of our patients. Obstetricians are particularly aware of the interest patients have in the words applied to pregnancy. Practically all women have some apprehension about pregnancy and, as physicians, we sometimes contribute our share to their fears. Historically, women (and men) have been indoctrinated with the impression that childbirth is an ordeal, unshapely, painful, and dif$ult. The background of parenthood is based on this unpleasant premise. While science has made childbirth a relatively safe experience, obstetrics is stil1 handicapped by a fright-provoking terminology which includes such words as labor pains, lacerations, forceps, dry labor, rupture of the bag of waters, hemorrhage, abortion, stitches, shots, cesarean section, and mortality. As we physicia.ns work and think in these terms, it is little wonder that our patients grasp an eerie sense of the abnormal about pregnancy. It is a common experience for a young girl, about to have her first infant, to have a middle-ofthe-night conversation with her obstetrician regarding the frequency and duration of her ‘(labor pains,” the presence or absence of “bleeding,” and a question of whether or not the “bag of waters has ruptured.” Final instructions frequently are, “Go into the hospital when your pains are five to ten minutes apart. ” Following such a conversation the stage is set for a tough time. The husband is convinced that something quite traumatic is going to happen to his wife, and she begins to wonder if the weird stories she has heard about delivery are really true. A physician can rarely contribute as much to the self-confidence of a couple as at the time of childbirth. “Nothing in the life of a man or woman is going to be as important to themselves or to society as their parenthood.“* Parenthood starts with the
Including the effect of bit errors, hidden nodes and capture on the performance of the HIPERLAN CAC layer protocol for real-time traffic

The growing interest in wireless systems and networks has led to the first wireless LAN (WLAN) protocols. The medium access control (MAC) layer protocols of such protocol suites are of key importance. The Radio Equipment and Systems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute has proposed the High PErformance Radio LAN (HIPERLAN) protocol suite. We present, study, analyze and evaluate the performance of the MAC layer of the HIPERLAN protocol suite for real-time data transfer. Simulation models that take into account the phenomena of hidden nodes, capture and bit errors are presented. Numerical results from the simulation models are presented, so that the issues involved are better understood.
Investigation of environmental photocatalysis by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Abstract Solid-state NMR methods are applied to study the detailed surface chemistry of a number of promising semiconductor and zeolite based photocatalysts. Emphasis is made on the direct detection of reaction intermediates in the degradation of environmental pollutants. The development of new and efficient UV or visible light activated photocatalytic systems using coated optical microfiber catalysts is also discussed.
Chapter 1 Use of atomic displacement parameters in thermoelectric materials research

Summary A new structure-property relationship is discussed that links atomic displacement parameters and the lattice thermal conductivity of clathrate-like compounds. For many clathratelike compounds in which one of the atom types is weakly bound and “rattles” within its atomic cage, it is demonstrated that room temperature ADP information can be used to estimate the room temperature lattice thermal conductivity, the vibration frequency of the “rattler”, and the temperature dependence of the heat capacity. X-ray and neutron diffraction crystallographic data, reported in the literature, are used to apply this analysis to several promising classes of thermoelectric materials.
Optical and electrical performance of commercially manufactured large GEM foils

Abstract With interest in large area GEM foils increasing and CERN being the only main distributor, keeping up with the demand for GEM foils will be difficult. Thus the commercialization of GEMs is being established by Tech-Etch of Plymouth, MA, USA using single-mask techniques. We report here on the first of a two step quality verification of the commercially produced 10×10 cm 2 and 40×40 cm 2 GEM foils, which includes characterizing their electrical and geometrical properties. We have found that the Tech-Etch foils display excellent electrical properties, as well as uniform and consistent hole diameters comparable to established foils produced by CERN.
Moderators of the Relationship Between Director Stock-Based Compensation and Firm Performance

Research on the efficacy of stock-based compensation for outside directors has documented a weak or non-existent relationship with firm performance. Other variables also influence the relationships between these two constructs. Consistent with agency theory, we show, for a sample of 450 Standard & Poor 500 firms over the 1995–97 period that the use of director stock options and grants ratios was more strongly associated with positive performance in firms with (a) higher investment opportunities, and (b) weaker external monitoring. These findings have implications for compensation committees in the structuring of director compensation.
Stochastic Ionization of Bound Electrons

Recent experimental measurments of the ionization of Rydberg atoms in low frequency electromagnetic fields are discused. These observations of ionization rates which depend strongly on the intensity of the oscillating fields and only weakly on the frequency provide clear evidence for chaotic behavior in a quantum system. In an attempt to understand this ionization mechanism an analagous, one dimensional system is considered consisting of a surface state electron bound to the surface of liquid helium by its image charge. A classical analysis of the behavior of this nonlinear oscillator in a microwave field shows that, above a critical field, the electron diffuses in energy until it ionizes. Since the microwave frequencies and field strengths required for stochastic ionization are readily available, this system provides an opportunity to thoroughly explore the manifestations of classical chaos in a quantum system.
Quantum-Mechanical Derivation of the Davydov Equations for Multi-Quanta States

Davydov and Kislukha1 suggested in the 1970’s that nonlinear self-trapping could serve as a method of energy transport along quasi-one-dimensional chains of molecules. The problem was to explain how the energy released by hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate and transferred to proteins in biological systems remains localized and moves along the protein chains at a reasonable rate to perform useful biological functions. The α-helix protein structure was considered, which consists of three chains of hydrogen-bonded peptide groups (HNCO) with associated side groups which contribute to the molecular mass but are assumed dynamically inert. The coupled fields which they suggested are relevant in this problem are a high frequency intramolecular vibration of the peptide groups (the Amide-I or C=O stretch mode, at about 1665 cm−1), and the low frequency vibrations of the entire peptide groups (and associated side groups). These fields are coupled through the dependence of the Amide-I energy on the length of the hydrogen bond coupling neighboring peptide groups.2 The Hamiltonian Davydov used to describe this situation is the same as that used for the polaron problem (the Froehlich Hamiltonian for electron-phonon interactions) with some changes in the meaning of the symbols. Davydov’s method of analysis1, 3 of this Hamiltonian led to connections with ideas of soliton propagation in other physical systems.4
Direct visualization of quasi-ordered oxygen chain structures on Au(110)-(1 × 2)

Abstract The Au(110) surface offers unique advantages for atomically-resolved model studies of catalytic oxidation processes on gold. We investigate the adsorption of oxygen on Au(110) using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. We identify the typical (empty-states) STM contrast resulting from adsorbed oxygen as atomic-sized dark features of electronic origin. DFT-based image simulations confirm that chemisorbed oxygen is generally detected indirectly, from the binding-induced electronic structure modification of gold. STM images show that adsorption occurs without affecting the general structure of the pristine Au(110) missing-row reconstruction. The tendency to form one-dimensional structures is observed already at low coverage ( 2 leaves a clean and ordered gold surface.
On Understanding Bear Market Funds

Despite poor performance, bear market funds have been growing rapidly in recent years. The authors find that while bear funds exhibit timing ability, this surprisingly does not translate into enhanced return performance. They also find that bear funds tend to be risk-seeking at a time when market volatility is high. The results are consistent with viewing these funds not in the more traditional context of return maximization, but instead in the context of risk management. In other words, bear market funds decrease return volatility of the fund family at the cost of a slightly lower fund-family return.
The SAFE Project:Community-Driven Partnerships in Health, Mental Health, and Education to Prevent Early School Failure

This article presents a case study of an innovative school-based health and mental health project that prevents early school failure in one county in Oklahoma. Success is attributed to social work development of broad-based partnerships involving families, schools, communities, and public policy officials. Citizen-driven, these partnerships have meshed previously fixed institutional boundaries in health, mental health, and education to prevent early school failure. The article describes school-family partnerships that form the core of the project's service intervention model. Statistics on service activities and outcomes are presented, along with a discussion of lessons learned for implementation of the project.
Short-needle block anesthesia at the mandibular for a men

A 25-gauge needle, 24.5 mm long, was used in cadavers to measure the depth of penetration needed to administer an inferior alveolar nerve block. The relative merit of short and long needles in performing an inferior alveolar nerve-block anesthesia at the mandibular foramen is discussed.
Molecular Characterization and Taxonomy of a New Species of Caudosporidae (Microsporidia) from Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), with Host-Derived Relationships of the North American Caudosporids

A new species of microsporidium, Caudospora palustris (Microsporidia: Caudosporidae), is described from 3 species of black flies (Cnephia ornithophilia and diploid and triploid cytospecies of Stegopterna mutata), bringing to 7 the total species of caudosporids recorded from North America. This new species of caudosporid is recorded from swamp streams of the Coastal Plain from New Jersey to Georgia, with single records from the New Jersey mountains and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Densities of patently infected larvae (up to 10,600/m2) and spore production (nearly 8 × 1011/m2) are the greatest recorded for any microsporidium of black flies. The ultrastructure of this new species is presented, along with the first molecular characterization for a microsporidium of black flies. The phylogenetic position of black fly microsporidia within the phylum Microsporidia is presented; however, the analysis does not support the inclusion of C. palustris in any clade. Key features of all North American caudosporids are provided, and possible evolutionary trajectories are proposed based on optimization of caudosporid species on the phylogeny of their 22 known host species, including 16 that represent new host species records.
Does sex partner concurrency and geographic context affect STI risk for female adolescents and their main sex partners

Conclusions: The results show geographic context and sex partner concurrency have combined effects on current STI risk. The literature holds that sex partner behaviors are associated with risk of acquiring an STI however our results suggest an adolescent’s geographic context moderates the effect of partner behaviors. Our research adds to the basic understanding of STD transmission and acquisition in a high prevalence inner city. Further research is warranted into the effect of geography on STI acquisition. (excerpt)
A Dynamic Travel Time Model for Spillback

In this paper we introduce travel time models that incorporate spillback and bottleneck phenomena. In particular, we study a model for determining the link travel times for drivers entering a link as well as drivers already in the link but whose travel times are affected by a significant change in traffic conditions (e.g. spillback or bottleneck phenomena). To achieve this goal, we extend the fluid dynamics travel time models proposed by Perakis (1997)and subsequently by Kachani (2002), and Kachani and Perakis (2001), to also incorporate such phenomena. These models utilize fluid dynamics laws for compressible flow to capture a variety of flow patterns such as the formation and dissipation of queues, drivers’ response to upstream congestion or decongestion and drivers’ reaction time. We propose variants of these models that explicitly account for spillback and bottleneck phenomena. Our investigation considers both separable and non-separable velocity functions.
SIMULATIONS OF PULSE SHAPE DISCRIMINATION (PSD) TECHNIQUES FOR BACKGROUND REDUCTION IN GERMANIUM DETECTORS

For modern, actively shielded, narrow aperture germanium detector (GeD) spectrometers at balloon or spacecraft altitudes, the continuum background in the 0.2 to 2 MeV energy range is dominated by the β− decay of radioactive nuclei produced by the interaction of cosmic rays and secondary protons and neutrons within the detector. PSD techniques distinguish single-site (primarily β−-decay) from multiple-site (primarily photon) events by analyzing the shape of the current pulse formed when the electrons and holes resulting from these energy depositions propagate through the detector. Through numerical simulation of the charge collection process, we demonstrate that the effectiveness of PSD can be enhanced by optimizing detector geometry and external electronics. In particular, PSD results for closed-end coaxial detectors with standard (1.2 cm effective diameter) and narrow (0.6 cm diameter) inner bore, and for a true coaxial narrow-bore detector, are presented. With a newly developed PSD algorithm, improvements in sensitivity at 1 MeV of factors of 2.8 and 3.6 for the standard-bore and narrow-bore closed-end coaxial detectors, respectively, and 4.0 for the true coaxial detector, are predicted.
Changing Characteristics of Psychiatrists Who Treat Geriatric Patients

The authors used the 1982 and 1988–89 American Psychiatric Association's Professional Activities Surveys (PAS) to describe changes in selected characteristics of United States psychiatrists treating patients age 65 and older. High geriatric case volume (HGCV) categories were considered if these exceeded 20% during the last typical full work week. The authors compared selected demographic and work-setting variables across surveys and generated a logit multivariate regression model to predict geriatric case volume. Between 1982 and 1988–89, the overall proportion of psychiatrist respondents reporting HGCVs increased by 98.6%, with significant increases for all demographic and most primary work-setting categories. The analysis suggests that during the 1980s the proportion of American psychiatrists reporting HGCVs increased across a broad range of demographic and work-setting categories, but growth in case volume in outpatient service settings lagged behind.
HISTORICAL AND LITERARY APPROACHES TO THE “FINAL SOLUTION”: SAUL FRIEDLÄNDER AND JONATHAN LITTELL

This article discusses together two recent prize-winning works of epic proportions that have received much attention: Saul Friedlander's two-volume historical study Nazi Germany and the Jews and Jonathan Littell's novel Les Bienveillantes (The Kindly Ones), the former of which focuses on victims and the latter on perpetrators of the “Final Solution.” I provide a critical analysis of Littell's novel, especially with respect to its seemingly fatalistic mingling of erotic and genocidal motifs and its disavowal or underestimation of the difficulty and necessity of understanding victims of the Nazi genocide. My analysis raises the question of the extent to which the notoriety of the novel may be due to the way it instantiates influential approaches to both literature and the Holocaust in terms of an aesthetic of the sublime, excess, radical ambiguity (resolvable at best into irony and paradox), and fatalistic entry into an incomprehensible “heart of darkness.” Crucial here is the notion that an object (paradigmatically, the Holocaust) both demands representation or explanation and ultimately is beyond comprehension, narrative, or even words. I also reevaluate the bases for the justified praise accorded Friedlander's masterwork and question certain claims made on its behalf by commentators, especially with respect to literary and historiographical innovation. In so doing, I explore and defend the role of critical theory in relation to historical narrative.
Stroke rehabilitation with a sensing surface

This paper presents a new sensing and interaction environment for post-stroke and upper extremity limb rehabilitation. The device is a combination of camera-based multitouch sensing and a supporting therapeutic software application that advances the treatment, provides feedback, and records a user's progress. The image-based analysis of hand position provided by a Microsoft Surface is used as an input into a tabletop game environment. Tailored image analysis algorithms assess rehabilitative hand movements. Visual feedback is provided in a game context. Experiments were conducted in a sub-acute rehabilitation center. Preliminary user studies with a stroke-afflicted population determined essential design criteria. Hand and wrist sensing, as well as the goals of the supporting game environment, engage therapeutic flexion and extension as defined by consulted physicians. Participants valued personalization of the activity, novelty, reward and the ability to work at their own pace in an otherwise repetitive therapeutic task. A "character" - game element personifying the participant's movement - was uniquely motivating relative to the media available in the typical therapeutic routine.
A formulation of statistical mechanics of ordered systems

Expressions are derived for the thermodynamic functions (Gibbs free energy, Helmholtz free energy, etc.) of an ordered system in terms of the single-particle distribution function,p(x), and correlation functions. The thermodynamic functions are treated as functionals of the single-particle distribution function. By minimizing the Helmholtz free energy with respect top(x) under constraints of constantT, V andN, an integral equation is obtained from whichp(x) can be determined. The correlation function of the ordered state in the region near the coexistence surface between ordered and disordered state is expanded about the correlation function of the disordered state, and the series is truncated. Methods for calculating the thermodynamic functions and the single-particle distribution function are presented, and our result is discussed in relation to other treatments of phase coexistence in the literature.
Methodological Triangulation in Nursing Research

Methodological triangulation is the use of more than one method to investigate a phenomenon. Nurse researchers investigate health phenomena using methods drawn from the natural and social sciences. The methodological debate concerns the possibility of confirming a single theory with different kinds of methods. The nursing debate parallels the philosophical debate about how the natural and social sciences are related. This article critiques the presuppositions of the nursing debate and suggests alternatives. The consequence is a view of triangulation that permits different methods to confirm a single theory. The article then explores the consequences for the philosophy of social science.
Brief paper: Optimal solutions to a class of power management problems in mobile robots

This paper studies an approach to minimize the power consumption of a mobile robot by controlling its traveling speed and the frequency of its on-board processor simultaneously. The problem is formulated as a discrete-time optimal control problem with a random terminal time and probabilistic state constraints. A general solution procedure suitable for arbitrary power functions of the motor and the processor is proposed. Furthermore, for a class of realistic power functions, the optimal solution is derived analytically. Interpretations of the optimal solution in the practical context are also discussed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can save a significant amount of energy compared with some heuristic schemes.
Accomplishing PETE Learning Standards and Program Accreditation through Teacher Candidates' Technology-based Service Learning Projects

Teacher candidates' use of technology is a component of physical education teacher education (PETE) program learning goals and accreditation standards. The methods presented in this article can help teacher candidates to learn about and apply technology as an instructional tool prior to and during field or clinical experiences. The goal in developing successful technology-based service learning is to systematically guide candidates in their pursuit of pedagogically appropriate and meaningful projects, such as web page construction and the use of heart rate monitors, pedometers, mobile apps, active gaming, and digital video. The end product results in a contribution that will flourish at the school site. The purpose of this article is to provide examples of field-tested technology-based service learning projects that have been used to meet both PETE program goals and benchmarks for accreditation.
Our sense of Snow: the myth of John Snow in medical geography.

In 1854, Dr. John Snow identified the Broad Street pump as the source of an intense cholera outbreak by plotting the location of cholera deaths on a dot-map. He had the pump handle removed and the outbreak ended...or so one version of the story goes. In medical geography, the story of Snow and the Broad Street cholera outbreak is a common example of the discipline in action. While authors in other health-related disciplines focus on Snow's "shoe-leather epidemiology", his development of a water-borne theory of cholera transmission, and/or his pioneering role in anaesthesia, it is the dot-map that makes him a hero in medical geography. The story forms part of our disciplinary identity. Geographers have helped to shape the Snow narrative: the map has become part of the myth. Many of the published accounts of Snow are accompanied by versions of the map, but which map did Snow use? What happens to the meaning of our story when the determinative use of the map is challenged? In his book On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (2nd ed., John Churchill, London, 1855), Snow did not write that he used a map to identify the source of the outbreak. The map that accompanies his text shows cholera deaths in Golden Square (the subdistrict of London's Soho district where the outbreak occurred) from August 19 to September 30, a period much longer than the intense outbreak. What happens to the meaning of the myth when the causal connection between the pump's disengagement and the end of the outbreak is examined? Snow's data and text do not support this link but show that the number of cholera deaths was abating before the handle was removed. With the drama of the pump handle being questioned and the map, our artifact, occupying a more illustrative than central role, what is our sense of Snow?
Public-Private Sector Linkages in Research and Development: Biotechnology and the Seed Industry in Brazil, China and India

Public sector agricultural R&D has been an important source of new technologies and ideas for new technologies since the beginning of the Twentieth Century. The traditional model of the relationship between the public and private sector in the United States has discipline-based university departments doing the basic research, state agricultural experiment stations and the US Department of Agriculture institutions doing strategic or generic research, state experiment stations and private companies doing the applied work of developing technologies for farmers and then the extension system popularizing the new technology. In recent years stagnant levels of public research funding, changes in the laws governing public research (particularly the Bayh-Dole Act), and major investments by private companies in basic and strategic biotechnology have led to new institutional relationships between the public and private sector. Collaborative research by the public and private sector has grown. New institutions for transferring technology from the public to the private sector have evolved-offices of technology transfer and companies based on public sector technology with partial university ownership. Many of the same forces that led to institutional changes in the United States have also been putting pressure on less developed country (LDC) research institutions-declining public budgets, ideological and legal changes, and opportunities to collaborate with the private sector. The objectives of this article are to answer the following questions:
Electron energy loss studies of direct nonvertical interband transitions in silicon

Direct nonvertical interband transitions in single-crystal silicon of {001} orientation are detected in the electron energy-loss spectra for the momentum-transfer q in the directions of 〈100〉 and 〈110〉. The dependence of the transition energies as a function of q is measured and possible correlations with the energy band structure are discussed. Des transitions directes non verticales inter-bandes sont detecteesdans un monocristal de sili-cium d'orientation {001}, au moyen des spectres de pertes d'energie des electrons, pour le transfert de moment, q, dans les directions 〈100〉 et 〈110〉. La variation des energies de transition en fonction de q est mesuree et des liaisons possibles ared la structure de bandes d'energie sont discutees.
Selective surface functionalization of silicon nanowires via nanoscale joule heating

In this letter, we report a novel approach to selectively functionalize the surface of silicon nanowires located on silicon-based substrates. This method is based upon highly localized nanoscale Joule heating along silicon nanowires under an applied electrical bias. Numerical simulation shows that a high-temperature (>800 K) with a large thermal gradient can be achieved by applying an appropriate electrical bias across silicon nanowires. This localized heating effect can be utilized to selectively ablate a protective polymer layer from a region of the chosen silicon nanowire. The exposed surface, with proper postprocessing, becomes available for surface functionalization with chemical linker molecules, such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilanes, while the surrounding area is still protected by the chemically inert polymer layer. This approach is successfully demonstrated on silicon nanowire arrays fabricated on SOI wafers and visualized by selective attachment of gold nanoparticles.
Right Hemisphere Brain Damage in Children

Abstract Adults with right hemisphere (RH) damage have a characteristic cognitive profile of impaired facial recognition and visual spatial skills, contralateral neglect, and aprosodia, with relati...
The Conformations of 1,4-Butanedioic Acid as a Function of Solvent Polarity in a Series of Alcohols as Determined by NMR Spectroscopy†

Vicinal proton−proton NMR couplings have been employed to estimate the differences in conformational equilibria for 1,4-butanedioic-2,3-^(13)C_2 acid in the progression of its diprotic to monoprotic to di-ionized forms as a function of solvent in water and in a series of alcohols ranging from methanol to tert-butyl alcohol. Except for water, the percentage of gauche increases from diacid to monoanion and then decreases from monoanion to dianion. The substantial gauche preference for the monoanion species in the less-polar alcohols is clearly the result of intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Brain stem compression secondary to adipose graft prolapse after translabyrinthine craniotomy: case report.

Three cases of fat graft prolapse into the cerebellopontine angle with clinical deterioration are presented. These patients had undergone translabyrinthine craniotomy for cerebellopontine angle tumors and had autologous abdominal fat strips placed to obliterate the dural defect and the mastoid cavity. Two patients suffered significant morbidity, and one patient died. Clinical presentation, computed tomographic scan findings, methods of treatment, and avoidance of this complication are discussed
Heat Conduction in Heterogeneous Materials

A new solution to the heat equation in composite media is derived using a variational principle developed by Ben-Amoz. The model microstructure is fed into the equations via a term for the polar moment of the inclusions in a representative volume. The general solution is presented as an integral in terms of sources and a Green function. The problem of uniqueness is studied determine appropriate boundary conditions. The solution reduces to the solution of the normal heat equation in the limit of homogeneous media.
The Use of Intelligence Tests in the Grading of School Children

(1920). The Use of Intelligence Tests in the Grading of School Children. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 20-32.
Defoliation effects on grain filling of R-nj color-selected maize strains

(...)Combined analyses of data over years indicated that source reduction (defoliation) reduced color intensity(CI), rate of dry matter accumulation (RDMA) and kernel weight. Strains selected for high color expression had higher RDMA and kernel weight than low color selections.(...) Color expression was positively correlated with RDMA and kernel weight. Results suggest that R-nj color expression is related to sugar concentration in the endosperm during kernel development and that selection for differences in color expression may be a simple, inexpensive means of modifying RDMA
Computer extracted texture features on T2w MRI to predict biochemical recurrence following radiation therapy for prostate cancer

In this study we explore the ability of a novel machine learning approach, in conjunction with computer-extracted features describing prostate cancer morphology on pre-treatment MRI, to predict whether a patient will develop biochemical recurrence within ten years of radiation therapy. Biochemical recurrence, which is characterized by a rise in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of at least 2 ng/mL above the nadir PSA, is associated with increased risk of metastasis and prostate cancer-related mortality. Currently, risk of biochemical recurrence is predicted by the Kattan nomogram, which incorporates several clinical factors to predict the probability of recurrence-free survival following radiation therapy (but has limited prediction accuracy). Semantic attributes on T2w MRI, such as the presence of extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion and surrogate measure- ments of tumor size, have also been shown to be predictive of biochemical recurrence risk. While the correlation between biochemical recurrence and factors like tumor stage, Gleason grade, and extracapsular spread are well- documented, it is less clear how to predict biochemical recurrence in the absence of extracapsular spread and for small tumors fully contained in the capsule. Computer{extracted texture features, which quantitatively de- scribe tumor micro-architecture and morphology on MRI, have been shown to provide clues about a tumor's aggressiveness. However, while computer{extracted features have been employed for predicting cancer presence and grade, they have not been evaluated in the context of predicting risk of biochemical recurrence. This work seeks to evaluate the role of computer-extracted texture features in predicting risk of biochemical recurrence on a cohort of sixteen patients who underwent pre{treatment 1.5 Tesla (T) T2w MRI. We extract a combination of first-order statistical, gradient, co-occurrence, and Gabor wavelet features from T2w MRI. To identify which of these T2w MRI texture features are potential independent prognostic markers of PSA failure, we implement a partial least squares (PLS) method to embed the data in a low{dimensional space and then use the variable importance in projections (VIP) method to quantify the contributions of individual features to classification on the PLS embedding. In spite of the poor resolution of the 1.5 T MRI data, we are able to identify three Gabor wavelet features that, in conjunction with a logistic regression classifier, yield an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.83 for predicting the probability of biochemical recurrence following radiation therapy. In comparison to both the Kattan nomogram and semantic MRI attributes, the ability of these three computer-extracted features to predict biochemical recurrence risk is demonstrated.
Open matrix very low density explosive formulations

Abstract In this paper, we have established the feasibility of preparing open-cell matrix explosive charges by two entirely different techniques, one based on a