cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foliar symptoms on norway spruce and relationships to magnesium deficiencies

Crown symptoms, foliar and soil nutrient status, disease and insect presence in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were evaluated in twelve plantations across West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York and New Hampshire during 1987 to 1988. The most obvious crown symptoms observed under plantation conditions were thinning and chlorosis These symptoms were similar to those observed on this species throughout the past decade in central Europe and specifically in the Black Forest of the Federal Republic of Germany. A crown vigor index (CVI) was calculated for each tree to classify health status. Of the 180 trees sampled, 24% were healthy; 51% were intermediate, and 25% had severe crown symptoms. The symptoms varied from state to state, plantation to plantation, and from tree to tree. The most severe symptoms were noted on trees at Plantation 12, near Davis, WV. Severe symptoms were also noted on trees within Plantations 4 and 5 in the Tug Hill Plateau region, NY, and withm Plantation 3 near Donegal, PA. Two entire branches were removed from the top crown and mid-live crown, respectively, of each sampled tree Based on laboratory observations, the most common needle symptom was a uniform chlorosis. Chlorotic spots on needle surfaces were the second most common symptom. Thirteen major and trace foliar nutrient elements were determined. Average foliar Mg concentrations of symptomatic trees within several plantations ranged from 0.022 to 0.063%; levels less than the accepted deficiency threshold value. There were significant (negative) correlations between the mean foliar Mg concentrations for the trees and their corresponding CVI and mean discoloration indices of needles. Corresponding soil pH, available P, exchangeable cations, % saturation of K, Mg, and Ca of soils were determined for each tree. Soil pH, exchangeable Mg and % saturation of Mg were significantly lower in the more symptomatic Norway spruce.
Increasing Pediatrician Participation in EHR Incentive Programs

Although the intent of the federal Meaningful Use (MU) program is to improve the health of children and adults through adoption and use of electronic health records (EHRs), pediatricians face unique obstacles to participation in this program.1 In addition to known problems with EHR functionality to support pediatric care and the alignment of MU incentives with child health priorities, evidence suggests that the current structure of the MU program puts pediatricians at a disadvantage compared with clinicians caring for adults, leading to wide variability in pediatrician participation in the program across states.2 Specifically, despite a national mean participation rate of <20% in 2012, pediatrician registration in the MU program varied considerably across states, from <10% in New Jersey, Georgia, and Hawaii to nearly 70% in North Dakota (Fig 1). By synthesizing participation data with a detailed policy analysis, the present commentary addresses potential causes of this variability and suggests specific solutions to support effective pediatric EHR implementation across all states. FIGURE 1 Pediatricians registered (by state) in the federal MU EHR adoption program, 2012. The graphic was created by using data from the AAP and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Percentages were calculated from a … Address correspondence to Alexander Fiks, MD, MSCE, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, CHOP North, 15th Floor, Room 1546, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399. E-mail: fiks{at}email.chop.edu
Targeted knockdown of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 disrupts cardiovascular development in zebrafish embryos.

IGF binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that binds IGFs and modulates their biological activities. Although the actions of IGFBP-2 have been well studied in vitro, we have a poor understanding of its in vivo functions, particularly during early development. Using the transparent zebrafish embryo as a model, we show that IGFBP-2 mRNA is expressed in lens epithelium and cranial boundary regions during early embryonic development and becomes localized to the liver by the completion of embryogenesis. Targeted knock-down of IGFBP-2 by antisense morpholino-modified oligonucleotides resulted in delayed development, reduced body growth, reduced IGF-I mRNA levels, and disruptions to cardiovascular development, including reduced blood cell number, reduced blood circulation, cardiac dysfunction, and brain ventricle edema. Detailed examination of vascular tissues, using a stable transgenic line of zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein in vascular endothelial cells, revealed spe...
The origin, patterning and evolution of insect appendages

The appendages of the adult fruit fly and other insects and Arthropods develop from secondary embryonic fields that form after the primary anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes of the embryo have been determined. In Drosophila, the position and fate of the different fields formed within each segment are determined by genes acting along both embryonic axes, within individual segments, and within specific fields. Since the major architectural differences between most Arthropod classes and orders involve variations in the number, type and morphology of body appendages, the elucidation of the embryology and molecular genetics of the origin and patterning of insect limb fields may help to facilitate an understanding of both the mechanism of appendage formation and some of the major steps in the morphological evolution of the Arthropods. In this review, we will discuss recent studies that have advanced our understanding of both the origin and patterning of Drosophila leg and wing secondary fields. These results provide fresh insights into potentially general mechanisms of how body parts develop and evolve.
Cell division and cell survival in the absence of survivin

The survivin protein contains structural features of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. Previous studies have suggested that survivin is essential for cell survival because it counteracts an otherwise constitutive propensity to apoptosis during mitosis. In addition, survivin appears to be a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex that participates in multiple facets of cell division. Here we report that euploid human cells do not die in the absence of survivin. Instead, depletion of survivin caused defects in cell division, followed by an arrest of DNA synthesis due to activation of a checkpoint involving the tumor suppressor protein p53. During anaphase mitosis in survivin-deficient cells, sister chromatids disjoined normally, but one or more of the sister chromatids frequently lagged behind the main mass of segregating chromosomes, probably because of merotelic kinetochore attachments. Survivin-deficient cells initiated but failed to complete cytokinesis, apparently because the spindle midzone and midbody microtublues were absent during late mitosis. The abnormalities of both chromosome segregation and cytokinesis could be attributed to a defect in the chromosomal passenger protein complex, with a consequent mislocalization of the kinesin-like motor protein MKLP-1 playing a more immediate role in the microtubule abnormalities. Depletion of another chromosomal passenger protein, aurora-B, recapitulated the survivin RNA interference phenotypes. We conclude that survivin can be essential for the proliferation of normal human cells by virtue of its contributions to accurate sister chromatid segregation and assembly/stabilization of microtubules in late mitosis. However, the protein is not inevitably required for the survival of normal cells.
A Coupled Chemical-Genetic and Bioinformatic Approach to Polo-like Kinase Pathway Exploration

Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous mechanism for cellular signal propagation, and signaling network complexity presents a challenge to protein kinase substrate identification. Few targets of Polo-like kinases are known, despite their significant role in coordinating cell-cycle progression. Here, we combine chemical-genetic, bioinformatic, and proteomic tools for Polo-like kinase substrate identification. Specific pharmacological inhibition of budding yeast Polo-like kinase, Cdc5, resulted in a misaligned preanaphase spindle and subsequently delayed anaphase nuclear migration, revealing a Cdc5 function. A cellular screen for Cdc5 substrates identified Spc72, a spindle pole body (SPB) component and microtubule anchor required for nuclear positioning. Spc72 bound to the Cdc5 PBD in a mitosis-specific manner, was phosphorylated by Cdc5 in vitro, and demonstrated a loss of mitotic phosphorylation in vivo upon Cdc5 inhibition. Finally, an examination of Cdc5 binding by SPB-localized proteins expanded our knowledge of Cdc5 function at the SPB.
Immunization with DNA encoding an immunodominant peptide of insulin prevents diabetes in NOD mice.

Abstract DNA vaccination is an effective means of protecting experimental animals against infectious pathogens and cancer and has more recently been used to prevent autoimmune disease. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell-mediated destruction of the insulin-secreting β cells in the pancreas. The NOD mouse is an animal model of IDDM in which several autoantigens, including insulin, have been identified. In this study we demonstrate that vaccination of NOD mice with DNA encoding an immunodominant peptide of insulin (residues 9–23 of the B chain) protects the animals from developing diabetes. Animals injected intramuscularly with a bacterial plasmid encoding the insulin B chain peptide show significantly lower disease incidence and delayed onset of disease when compared to controls. Protection appears to be mediated by insulin B (9–23)-specific down-regulation of IFN-γ. Our results confirm that DNA vaccination has a protective effect on autoimmunity, the understanding of which will reveal new insights into the immune system and open doors for novel therapies.
EVI1 recruits the histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 for transcription repression

EVI1 is an oncoprotein inappropriately expressed in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome cells. In vitro studies indicate that diverse biological properties can be attributed to this protein. Its role in leukemogenesis is still unclear but it is thought that overall EVI1 can act mostly as a transcription repressor through its interaction with a subset of histone deacetylases. Studies with histone deacetylase inhibitors have however indicated that EVI1-mediated repression can be only partially rescued by deacetylase inhibitor drugs, suggesting that additional chromosomal modifications might occur to induce gene repression by EVI1. To investigate whether histone methylation contributes to the repressive potential of EVI1, we examined a potential association between EVI1, the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SUV39H1, and methyltransferase activity in vitro. We find that EVI1 directly interacts with SUV39H1 and that the proteins form an active complex with methyltransferase activity in vitro. Our data indicate that SUV39H1 enhances the transcription repressive potential of EVI1 in vivo. We suggest that EVI1 affects promoters' activity in two different pathways, by association with histone deacetylases and by recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes to impose a heterochromatin-like structure establishing a lasting transcription repression.
Pentafluorophenylbromine(V) tetrafluoride

Abstract Pentafluorophenylbromine(V) tetrafluoride has been prepared by the oxidation of pentafluorophenyl bromide at 128°C with elemental fluorine.
Effects of leaf type on the consumption rates of aquatic detritivores

Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) and cottonwood (Populus deltoides) leaves were incubated in cages excluding (controls) or containing (experimental) detritivores for periods of up to 123 days. Experimental cages contained either the cranefly larvae Tipula abdominalis, the amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus or the caddisfly Pycnopsyche guttifer. Differences in daily consumption between leaf types and among species were compared.
Conference Report on Public Health and Clinical Guidelines for Anthrax

On March 13-14, 2006, a meeting on anthrax, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with the Southeastern Center for Emerging Biologic Threats, was held at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The meeting's agenda included discussion of postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), screening and evaluation, and treatment of the various manifestations of human anthrax. The goal was to convene subject matter experts for a review of research developments and clinical experience with anthrax prophylaxis and treatment and to make consensus recommendations for updating guidelines for PEP, treatment, and clinical evaluation of patients with anthrax. A 2001 conference on guidelines for anthrax has previously been summarized in this journal. This article summarizes the meeting's presentations and discussion. Consensus recommendations are summarized in the Table. Updated CDC guidelines for treatment and prophylaxis of anthrax will be published in detail in other CDC publications and are available on CDC's website at http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/index.asp.
Coupling Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Complex Lipopolysaccharides

High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) is a new technology for atmospheric pressure, room temperature separation of gas-phase ions. The FAIMS system acts as an ion filter that can continuously transmit one type of ion, independent of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Capillary electrophoresis−electrospray mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has been extensively used for the analysis of complex bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The coupling of FAIMS to CE-MS provides a sensitive technique for the characterization of these complex glycolipids, permitting the separation of trace-level LPS oligosaccharide glycoforms for subsequent structural characterization using tandem mass spectrometry. This was demonstrated for LPS from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 375 following O-deacylation with anhydrous hydrazine. This strain of H. influenzae can express a triheptosyl-containing glycoform to which four hexose residues are linked forming the outer-core region of the molecule. This has been ref...
Strategies for Combating Entrenched Attitudes

America is about to undergo the most disjoining shifts in the composition and quality of its work force in more than a half‐century. While many companies such as Digital, Hewlett‐Packard, and McDonalds are aware of such trends, others have not acknowledged the fact that corporate America is facing a deepening shortage of skilled labour in the decades ahead. During the next ten years, the American population and the labour force will expand more slowly than at any other time since the 1930's. The work force grew by 3 million workers a year during the 1970's but will swell by only 1.6 million new workers a year in the coming decade. Consequently, for the first time American managers must compete harder than ever for well‐educated workers.
Characterization Of Isolated Silicon Epitaxy Material

An advanced technique of Isolated Silicon Epitaxy (ISE) has been used to produce silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material of high quality. AUGER spectroscopy of ISE shows a chemically clean film with no heavy metal contamination. Structural studies by transmission electron microscopy and Nomarski optical microscopy on ISE SOI show only isolated threading dislocations yielding defect densities of (~3 X 105/cm2). Double crystal x-ray diffraction shows a FWHM of 44 arcsec in the isolated Si film. Material quality is discussed in detail.
Anxiety Levels Among Japanese Students on American Campuses: Implications for Academic Advisors

International students face a variety of challenges related to language difficulties, immigration issues, and culture shock. Yet, Asian students are less likely to seek help for their emotional and interpersonal problems than their American counterparts due to culturally different help-seeking preferences. This study examines levels of anxiety among Japanese international students and then compares them to those of Americans. Implications for academic advisors are discussed.
Theory of Transient Permeation Through Reactive Barrier Films III. Solute Ingress Dynamics and Model Lag Times

Parts I and II of this series formulated theoretical foundations of transient permeation through reactive barrier films with finite reactive capacity to bind permeating solute [1] [2]. In Part III the methodology of transient ingress analysis is introduced based on the SG model of transient permeation. The lag time concept for non-catalytic reactive films is clarified. The concept of the SG model lag time is introduced as a convenient engineering parameter for evaluating the barrier performance of reactive films within fintie timeframes. The experimental methods of determining scavenging reaction rates are discussed when the scavenger is available in a free form. The synergistic effects of permeant diffusivity, solubility in film material and scavenger reactivity on the effective transmission rate of the solute permeation are quantified by comparing representative single layer films with the same scavenger loadings. It is demonstrated that placing the scavenger within a material with the lowest diffusivit...
Efficient excision of phage lambda from the Escherichia coli chromosome requires the Fis protein.

Abstract The Escherichia coli protein Fis has been shown to bind a single site in the recombination region of phage lambda and to stimulate excisive recombination in vitro (J. F. Thompson, L. Moitoso de Vargas, C. Koch, R. Kahmann, and A. Landy, Cell 50:901-908, 1987). We demonstrate that mutant strains deficient in fis expression show dramatically reduced rates of lambda excision in vivo. Phage yields after induction of a stable lysogen are reduced more than 200-fold in fis cells. The defect observed in phage yield is not due to inefficient phage replication or lytic growth. Direct examination of excisive recombination products reveals a severe defect in the rate of recombination in the absence of Fis. The excision defect observed in fis cells can be fully reproduced in fis+ cells by using phages that lack the Fis binding site on attR, indicating that the entire stimulatory effect of Fis on excisive recombination is due to binding at that site.
Making the transition from pilot to scale: examining sustainability and scalability issues in a public-private telecenter partnership in Sri Lanka

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are increasingly the vehicles of choice for the implementation of information and communications technology in the developing world. This is particularly true with regard to locally appropriate, shared-access models such as the telecenter franchise. However, the sustainability and the scalability of such initiatives remain in question. This article examines an innovative PPP project at a crucial developmental point: the period of transition from pilot to scaling stage. It identifies challenges and success factors seldom covered in the literature on such projects, then addresses the question(s) of sustainability and scalability, and explores the advantages of focussing on sub-urban areas and the small-and-medium-enterprise sector of emerging economies.
Additional MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell matrix metalloproteinases promote invasiveness

We are interested in two aspects of a given type of metastatic breast cancer: which potentially cancer-relevant genes are expressed and which factors determine invasiveness. Using reverse transcription real-time PCR, we detected gene expression of 26 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, including those of MMP-12, MMP-16 variant 2, MMP-19, MMP-20, MMP-21, MMP-23, MMP-24, MMP-25, MMP-25 variant 2, MMP-L1, MMP-26, MMP-27, and MMP-28, in contrast to the 13 MMPs detected until now in these cells. We found that MMP genes are expressed at widely different levels in these cells, over five orders of magnitude. After individual siRNA-induced depletions, we found that six additional species of cancer cell MMPs promote invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells: MMP-3, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-17, MMP-19, and MMP-23, thus raising the total to 12 endogenous MMPs which do so in these cells. The data support the conclusion that some cancer cell MMPs, although expressed at low levels, are needed for cancer trait in MDA-MB-231 cells, and that several endogenous MMPs play non-redundant roles in this process. The mRNA level of MMP-11, but not of other MMPs, rose substantially following individual siRNA-targeted depletion of cancer cell MMP-17 mRNA, while no MMP mRNA increased appreciably after degradation of other MMP mRNAs. This supports the conclusion that MMP-17 may be a member of an intracellular signaling pathway which downregulates MMP-11 mRNA.
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS OF AUTISTIC AND NONHANDICAPPED CHILDREN DURING FREE PLAY

Ten small groups of second and third graders participated in weekly play sessions with autistic children over a period of ten weeks. Observations of 28 nonhandicapped children indicated that the frequency of their social interaction and communication increased across the week of their daily visits. Autistic children displayed increases in social interaction and decreases in solitary behavior from the first to the tenth week of observation.
Cliff-edged fitness functions and the persistence of schizophrenia

Strong recent selection for social cognition may well explain the persistence of genes that predispose to schizophrenia. The specific mechanism responsible may be a skewed fitness function in which selection pushes the mean for advantageous mental traits perilously close to a “fitness cliff” where the system fails catastrophically in some individuals.
Climate impacts on bird and plant communities from altered animal-plant interactions

A long-term field study establishes a link between reduced snowfall and bird and tree declines in montane Arizona. Excluding elk from experimental sites reversed these declines and also lowered nest predation. This experiment shows that climate change, operating through increased winter herbivory, can negatively affect diverse species occupying such ecosystems.
Before the high-speed civil transport

Following the cancellation of the U.S. National SST Program in March, 1971, NASA conducted SST propulsion technology and configurational aerodynamics and structures development efforts through what came in the wake of a 1976 conference to be called the Supersonic Cruise Research and Variable Cycle Engine programs. These programs were in turn canceled in 1982. The present historical assessment of major advancements in passenger aircraft technology notes that the flying public has tended to be reluctant in accepting such innovations as swept-wing jet airliners and may be expected to be similarly wary about SST use.
Segregation distortion at isozyme locus Lap-1 in Schlumbergera (Cactaceae) is caused by linkage with the gametophytic self-incompatibility (S) locus

The inheritance of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD) isozymes was studied in Schlumbergera truncata and S. 3 buckleyi (Cactaceae). Isozymes were extracted from phylloclades and separated using polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. F1, F2, and BC1 populations were examined to determine the mode of inheritance. Relatively few families exhibited disturbed segregation ratios at Pgm-1 or Skd-1. In contrast, segregation ratios at Lap-1 were distorted in 14 of the 22 families that were examined. Disturbed segregation at Lap-1 was attributed to linkage with the gametophytic self-incompatibility (S) locus (recombination frequency 5 7% 6 1%). Lap-1, Pgm-1, and Skd1 assorted independently of each other. Lap-1 and S may be useful for assessing linkage conservation among self-incompatible taxa in the Cactaceae.
Interpreting the layout of web pages

Web pages such as news and shopping sites often use modular layouts. When used effectively this practice allows authors to present clearly large amounts of information in a single page. However, while sighted people can visually parse and understand these complex layouts in seconds, current assistive technologies such as screen readers cannot. This puts visually impaired users at a great disadvantage. In order to design better assistive technologies, we conducted a study of how people interpret modular layouts of news and shopping Web pages. The study revealed that when the layout complexity increases, the interpretation process gets longer and the reading gets more varied. Also, before looking at the main content, users first frame the Web page by looking for familiar structural elements that can be used as references and entry points. These elements include navigational bars, search boxes, and ads. This implies that assistive technologies can reduce the time required to frame the pages if they help users identify reference points and entry points.
Evaluation of passive hemagglutination, solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and immunoelectroosmophoresis for the detection of hepatitis B antigen.

Abstract Sensitivity and specificity of passive hemagglutination (RCA), solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), and immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) were compared under experimental and clinical conditions. In dilution experiments with sera containing hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) of known subtypes, the sensitivity for an ad subtype serum was RIA (1), RCA (1/2), IEOP (1/256) and for an ay subtype serum RCA (1), RIA (1/8), IEOP (1/128). An evaluation of the National Institutes of Health, Division of Biologics Standards test panel number 2 demonstrated HB Ag in 34 of 60 samples by RIA, in 33 by RCA, and in 25 by IEOP. HB Ag was detected in 57.5% of 200 outpatients with a tentative diagnosis of hepatitis by RIA, in 54% by RCA, and in 42.5% by IEOP. In 1,661 volunteer blood donors, 13 (0.78%) were „positive” for HB Ag by RIA, 11 (0.66%) by RCA, and 3 (0.18%) by IEOP. However, absorption experiments indicated that at least six of the above RIA positive and five of the RCA positive sera exhibited nonspecific positive reactions.
50 mW CW-operated single-mode surface-emitting AlGaAs lasers with 45 degrees total reflection mirrors

The authors report on the fabrication and testing of surface-emitting AlGaAs 3.5 mu m ridge lasers with etched mirrors and 45 degrees internal deflectors. The 45 degrees mirror coupling coefficient and the resulting threshold current penalty have been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. A surface-emitted optical power of 50 mW CW at 26 mA threshold current and external differential efficiency of 57% has been achieved in lateral fundamental-mode operation. The optical power density of 14 mW CW per micrometer ridge width is the highest reported to date and produces two-dimensional surface-emitting laser arrays of diffraction-limited beam quality suitable for optical storage applications. >
A new device to remotely measure heat flux and skin temperature from free-swimming dolphins

To enhance our understanding of how aquatic endotherms respond thermally to their environment, we present two new designs for recording heat flux (HF) and skin temperature (Ts) from the dorsal fins of free-ranging dolphins. The first package, held on by a series of small suction cups, was designed for short-term deployments on the order of hours. The second package, a long-term attachment, was held on via two 5.0-mm -Delrin® pins and was designed for deployments on the order of days. The former version was configured to release remotely, by way of a galvanic linkage, removing the need to re-capture tagged dolphins. The latter was designed to be removed after re-capture of the individual but also included a fail–safe galvanic release. One of the major advances of our approach is that it allows both convective and conductive pathways of heat loss to be dynamically recorded from freeswimming wild dolphins, whereas previous approaches have recorded primarily conductive heat loss from trained captive or restrained wild dolphins. The short-term, re-usable package has been field-tested on 55 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus )i n Sarasota Bay, Florida and the long-term device on two spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. By also incorporating into each package a time–depth–velocity recorder we were able to examine patterns of heat flux in relation to changing behavioural states of the tagged individual. Heat flux recorded at the dorsal fin was found to be individually variable and dynamic. Water temperature (Tw) had a profound effect on patterns of heat loss in both species with HF increasing with even minor decreases in Tw. This device significantly improves our ability to understand the thermal biology of dolphins as they move about in their natural environment. © 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Use of the bipedicled scalp flap for forehead reconstruction.

Le lambeau bipedicule de liberation frontale est un lambeau sur, techniquement facile et esthetiquement excellent pour certaines pertes de substance frontale. Le chirurgien peut minimiser la longueur de la cicatrice visible, le cacher dans les lignes cutanees qui existent et masquer le deplacement du tissu et la fermeture de la perte de substance secondaire dans la ligne des cheveux
Wind tunnel assays of olfactory responses of female Rhagoletis pomonella flies to apple volatiles: effect of wind speed and odour release rate.

The effect of wind speed and odour release rate on female Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) responses to synthetic host apple volatiles was studied in a wind tunnel bioassay. Three apple tree models were placed in the wind tunnel (upwind, central and downwind sections) after which flies were released individually on the central tree and their movements observed for 15 min. The experiment was designed as a two-way factorial with no odour and odour release rates of ca. 18 and ca. 500 μg h−1 and still air and wind speeds of 0.8 and 1.6 m s−1 as treatments. Both wind speed and odour had significant effects on flight frequency (landings min−1) and general fly activity. Fly movement decreased as wind speed increased from 0 m s−1 to 0.8 and 1.6 m s−1, but this decrease was attenuated when air carried apple volatiles. When air was odour-free, flies exposed to 1.6 m s−1 wind moved downwind.
Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Resistance in Wheat Near-Isogenic Lines

Plant and aphid biomass, photosynthetic pigment (chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids) concentrations, and chlorophyll a/b and chlorophyll/carotenoid ratios were quantified in aphid-infested 'Tugela' near-isogenic lines (Tugela, Tugela-Dn1, Tugela-Dn2, and Tugela-Dn5). The objectives were to quantify changes of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids) caused by aphid feeding and assess resistance of wheat isolines through aphid and plant biomass analysis. Biomass of bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)-infested plants was lower than Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae),- infested plants. When infested by D. noxia, all lines showed increased biomass over time, except Tugela where biomass decreased on day 12. No difference in plant biomass was detected among R. padi-infested and uninfested wheat lines. Biomass of D. noxia from Tugela (D. noxia-susceptible) was significantly higher than from plants with Diuraphis noxia-resistant Dn genes. Diuraphis noxia biomass from Tugela-Dn1 and Dn2 lines was not different from each other, but they were lower than from Tugela-Dn5. In contrast, there was no difference in R. padi biomass among wheat lines. Concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids were significantly lower in D. noxia-infested plants compared with R. padi-infested and uninfested plants. When infested by D. noxia, chlorophyll a and b concentrations were not different among wheat lines on day 3, but they were lower in Tugela and Tugela-Dn1 than in Tugela-Dn2 and -Dn5 plants on days 6 and 12. However, no difference was detected in chlorophyll a/b or chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio among Tugela lines. The study demonstrated that Dn genes in the Tugela isolines conferred resistance to D. noxia but not to R. padi. Tugela-Dn1 was antibiotic, Tugela-Dn2 was tolerant and antibiotic, and Tugela-Dn5 was moderately antibiotic.
Letter to the editor: "Concern regarding quantification of urinary nephrin by a commercially available ELISA".

to the editor: Urinary excretion of nephrin is considered an important surrogate indicator of podocyte injury. Recently, reports have emerged documenting increased urinary excretion of nephrin in experimental and human glomerular diseases ([1][1]–[6][2]) based on data obtained utilizing the
Characterizing a turbidite system in Canterbury Basin, New Zealand, using seismic attributes and distance-preserving self-organizing maps

Recent developments in seismic attributes and seismic facies classification techniques have greatly enhanced the capability of interpreters to delineate and characterize features that are not prominent in conventional 3D seismic amplitude volumes. The use of appropriate seismic attributes that quantify the characteristics of different geologic facies can accelerate and partially automate the interpretation process. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are a popular seismic facies classification tool that extract similar patterns embedded with multiple seismic attribute volumes. By preserving the distance in the input data space into the SOM latent space, the internal relation among data vectors on an SOM facies map is better presented, resulting in a more reliable classification. We have determined the effectiveness of the modified algorithm by applying it to a turbidite system in Canterbury Basin, offshore New Zealand. By incorporating seismic attributes and distance-preserving SOM classification, we were able to observe architectural elements that are overlooked when using a conventional seismic amplitude volume for interpretation.
Chapter 10 Detection of Spread-Spectrum Signals

The ability to detect the presence of spread-spectrum signals is often required by cognitive radio, ultra-wideband, and military systems. This chapter presents an analysis of the detection of spread-spectrum signals when the spreading sequence or the frequency-hopping pattern is unknown and cannot be accurately estimated by the detector. Thus, the detector cannot mimic the intended receiver, and alternative procedures are required. The goal is limited in that only detection is sought, not demodulation or decoding. Nevertheless, detection theory leads to impractical devices for the detection of spread-spectrum signals. An alternative procedure is to use a radiometer or energy detector, which relies solely on energy measurements to determine the presence of unknown signals. The radiometer has applications not only as a detector of spread-spectrum signals, but also as a sensing method in cognitive radio and ultra-wideband systems.
Thymic Calcification in the Neonatal Rat.

SummaryThymic calcification in neonatal rats was produced by challenging neonates directly with a glucocorticoid (Triamcinolone) after sensitization with dihydrotachysterol (DHT) either directly by gavage or indirectly by nursing from DHT treated mothers. Milk from DHT treated mothers was capable of sensitizing neonates for thymic calcification only if nursing was permitted within the 24-hour period that the maternal DHT sensitization occurred.
Non-government Organizations, Villagers, Political Culture and the Lower Sesan 2 Dam in Northeastern Cambodia

ABSTRACTThe Lower Sesan 2 (LS2) Hydropower Project in northeastern Cambodia is presently under construction. As the largest dam to ever be built in Cambodia, it is expected to cause serious and widespread environmental and social impacts. This article analyzes, on the one hand, the relationships between Cambodian non-government organizations (NGOs) and villagers who will be negatively impacted by LS2, and on the other, NGO relations with the Cambodian state. While development actors frequently attempt to construct particular narratives in order to control development trajectories, this research demonstrates that such attempts can meet with serious resistance from local people, even when facing powerful opponents, including in this case NGOs that prefer to advocate for better resettlement and compensation conditions rather than for the cancellation of projects. Focusing on interactions, positioning, local agency, and the particular political culture of Cambodia, this article highlights the importance of pa...
A national fundamentals curriculum for neurosurgery PGY1 residents: The 2010 society of neurological surgeons boot camp courses

BACKGROUND In July 2009, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) incorporated postgraduate year 1 (PGY1 intern) level training into all U.S. neurosurgery residency programs. OBJECTIVE To provide a fundamentals curriculum for all incoming neurosurgery PGY1 residents in ACGME-accredited programs, including skills, knowledge, and attitudes that promote quality, patient safety, and professionalism. METHODS The Society of Neurological Surgeons organized 6 regional "boot camp" courses for incoming neurosurgery PGY1 residents in July 2010 that consisted of 9 lectures on clinical and nonclinical competencies plus 10 procedural and 6 surgical skills stations. Resident and faculty participants were surveyed to assess knowledge and course effectiveness. RESULTS A total of 186 of 197 U.S. neurosurgical PGY1 residents (94%) and 75 neurosurgical faculty from 36 of 99 programs (36%) participated in the inaugural boot camp courses. All residents and 83% of faculty participants completed course surveys. All resident and faculty respondents thought that the boot camp courses fulfilled their purpose and objectives and imparted skills and knowledge that would improve patient care. PGY1 residents' knowledge of information taught in the courses improved significantly in postcourse testing (P < .0001). Residents and faculty particularly valued simulated and other hands-on skills training. CONCLUSION Regional organization facilitated an unprecedented degree of participation in a national fundamental skills program for entering neurosurgery residents. One hundred percent of resident and faculty respondents positively reviewed the courses. The boot camp courses may provide a model for enhanced learning, professionalism, and safety at the inception of training in other procedural specialties.
On the Inflexional Elastica

(1941). On the Inflexional Elastica. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 303-309.
The Effects of Search Environment and Task Realism on Search Behavior

This paper presents a study which compared user search behavior across an open search environment (the World Wide Web) and a closed search environment (an on-line library card catalog). Users performed a structured search task, where they were given topics to search for, and a self-directed search task, where they could choose their own topics. Search tasks were defined based on a qualitative, three-stage model of search behavior. Results showed that overall, search behavior tended to be very similar across search environments, indicating that empirical results and models of search behavior could generalize across these two environments.***Differences were due primarily to characteristics of the particular search environments chosen (e.g., the Internet vs. a library catalog) and the searching mechanisms and interfaces available for searching these environments. Additionally, behavior was also similar across the structured vs. self defined search tasks, suggesting that aspects of search engines and user se...
New Simple Process for Accurately Broaching Spline Holes with Lathe

A new simple method for broaching spline holes with a common machine, which has enlarged Screwpitch, is introduced. This technique has the traits of handy operation, low-cost, fast producing and high quality. It is quite suitable for machining diverse kinds and sizes spline holes in mechanical maintaining factory.
Anterior spinal artery syndrome in two children with genetic thrombotic disorders.

Background: Spinal cord infarction is a well-described, but rare, etiology of myelopathy, especially in children. The most common syndrome, anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS), is caused by inte...
Handling, labeling, and fractionating sea urchin spermatozoa.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes methods employ in the research on the biochemistry of sperm–egg interaction. These methods devised for this are handling, labeling, and fractionating sea urchin spermatozoa. A pure sperm suspension can be prepared comprising composition of semen and removal of pigmented phagocytes and with method for washing sperm. Heavy metal chelators, amino acids, and peptides prolong life of sperm. A simple method for determining sperm concentration is to measure the turbidity of a sperm suspension with a spectrophotometer and relating the value to a standard curve constructed by hemocytometer counts. The sperm components are labeled by radioiodination of membrane glycoproteins, labeling with [ 125 I]diiodofluorescein isothiocyanate (IFC), labeling the surface with lectins and antibodies, and labeling sperm with radiophosphate. The isolation of sperm components comprises separation of head from flagellum, isolation of components of the sperm head, and isolation of the plasma membrane.
Dynamical reduction and output-tracking control of the Lunar Exploration Light Rover (LELR)

This paper presents the dynamical reduction and feedback linearization of the Lunar Exploration Light Rover to design an output-tracking torque controller for such a system. The rover is dynamically modeled as a system of rigid bodies that could be considered as a symmetric mechanical system. Its dynamical equations are reduced using the Chaplygin reduction of nonholonomic systems. The reduced dynamical system only involves the rotation and steering angles of the port front wheel. The steering angle and the travelled distance of the vehicle are considered the outputs of the resulting control system. Feedback linearization in the reduced phase space is then employed to derive a proportional-integral-derivative feedback, feedforward torque controller for the rover. Finally, a series of simulation studies are provided to show the robustness of the resulting controller under uncertainties of the dynamical parameters and the disturbance force in the form of friction at the rear wheels.
Stock Market Reaction to Quality, Safety, and Sustainability Awards in Logistics

Although quality, safety, and sustainability are important concerns in logistics, managers are sometimes reluctant to invest in these areas because it is not always clear how such investments will benefit firm performance. Empirical literature provides little guidance in the context of logistics as previous studies report mixed findings across a diverse set of industries, which may not be directly applicable to logistics. To address this gap, we conducted an event study to estimate the stock market reaction to quality, safety, and sustainability award announcements in logistics. Based on 244 award announcements during the period 2004–13, we found that stock market participants react positively to announcements of these awards. The market reaction appears to be stronger for sustainability awards than for quality and safety awards. Our results also suggest that the market reacts more favorably to quality and sustainability award announcements for firms with better past financial performance and for smaller firms.
Better living through ontologies at the Immune Epitope Database.

The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) project incorporates independently developed ontologies and controlled vocabularies into its curation and search interface. This simplifies curation practices, improves the user query experience and facilitates interoperability between the IEDB and other resources. While the use of independently developed ontologies has long been recommended as a best practice, there continues to be a significant number of projects that develop their own vocabularies instead, or that do not fully utilize the power of ontologies that they are using. We describe how we use ontologies in the IEDB, providing a concrete example of the benefits of ontologies in practice. Database URL www.iedb.org.
Thermal effects on lipids crystallization kinetics under high pressure

The crystallization behavior of a model fat consisting of fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSBO) and soybean oil (SBO) is studied under isobaric cooling ( 100 MPa), and atmospheric conditions (0.1 MPa). To monitor the relationship between pressure and the onset of crystallization at both isobaric cooling and adiabatic compression, samples were pressurized until they achieved three different maximum temperatures (70, 80, or 90 °C) under pressure. A lower induction time of crystallization (τ > 2.1 min–1) resulting in smaller crystals was observed during adiabatic compression compared to isobaric cooling (0.4 < τ < 0.9 min–1). Moreover, different crystal size distributions were observed for the different maximum temperatures applied. Using small-angle X-ray scattering analysis, a decrease in nanoplatelet thickness was documented in samples crystallized under high pressure compared to the control samples. The impacts of high pressure processing were also evident in the sample...
Ecological impact of a microburst windstorm in a northern hardwood forest

We quantified damage by a microburst windstorm to a northern hardwood forest (Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire). These storms may be important in regulating the structure and compos...
Sustained Hospital Performance on HCAHPS Survey:What are the Determinants?

This study examines hospital characteristics associated with sustained superior performance on patient ratings. Hospitals are classified as “sustainers” if they were able to remain in the top 25th ...
Three times a charm… a case of repeat appendicitis status post two prior appendectomies.

Abstract Background Appendicitis is defined as the bacterial proliferation and inflammation of the vermiform appendix, typically caused by a fecalith . There have been a few cases reported in the literature of recurrent appendicitis status post an appendectomy, however there has been no reported case of a recurrence status post two prior appendectomies. We would like to present the first case of recurrent appendicitis status post two prior appendectomies. Case report A 32 year old otherwise healthy male presented to the ER on 8/27 with right lower quadrant pain and no other symptoms. His initial triage vital signs were within normal limits. Of note patient had an appendectomy on 8/15/17 and a repeat appendectomy on 8/22/17 for recurrent appendicitis. Other than the RLQ abdominal pain, the patient's review of systems and physical examination were unremarkable. Patient's WBC was 7.5 and lactate was 1.4. A CT of the abdomen/pelvis showed a 1.3 cm inflamed appendix. Patient was admitted to the Surgery service on IVF and IV antibiotics. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? Appendicitis should continue to be on an emergency physician's differential for a patient with RLQ pain even when the patient has had a prior appendectomy. Appropriate management in the ER can lead to improved treatment, timely surgical consultations and decreased complications.