cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Teachers’ and School Psychologists’ Accuracy in Assigning Basic Academic Tasks to Underlying CHC-model Cognitive Abilities

Teacher perceptions of their students’ cognitive abilities affect the referrals they make and intervention strategies they implement. In this study, teachers and school psychologists were asked to sort basic academic tasks into categories on the basis of the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) broad cognitive abilities, such as fluid reasoning and crystallized intelligence. School psychologists were more accurate at classifying, placing 25 of the 34 tasks in the expected categories, compared with 16 for the teachers. The tasks that were most difficult overall were associated with the fluid reasoning and crystallized intelligence categories. Teachers and school psychologists in this study perceived the CHC broad cognitive abilities required for basic academic tasks differently. Thus, additional training in the practical applications of this theory may be necessary.
On the mechanism of the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis.

The mechanism of the formation of substituted quinolines from anilines and α,β-unsaturated ketones has been studied by the use of 13C-labeled ketones in cross-over experiments. In the reaction of doubly labeled 13C(2,4) mesityl oxide, a 100% scrambling of the label in the quinoline product was observed, whereas only a small (5−10%) amount of the starting mesityl oxide showed scrambling of the label. Similarly, the reaction of triply labeled pulegone clearly shows that the label in the product is 100% scrambled, whereas the label in the starting pulegone is retained. On the basis of these studies, a mechanistic pathway for the Skraup quinoline synthesis is proposed that involves a fragmentation−recombination mechanism. The aniline component condenses with the α,β-unsaturated ketone initially in a conjugate fashion, followed by a fragmentation to the corresponding imine and the ketone itself. These fragments recombine to form the quinoline product.
Effects of soil acidity and cropping on solubility of by-product-immobilized phosphorus and extractable aluminum, calcium, and iron from two high-phosphorus soils

Large quantities of by-products and increased costs for landfill have heightened interest in using by-products as soil amendments on agricultural lands. There are concerns of potential negative environmental impacts of by-product-amended soils when fields are taken out of agricultural production or polluted area. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lowering soil pH and cropping on the solubility of phosphorus (P) immobilized by drinking water treatment residue (WTR) and coal combustion bed ash (BA). Two high-P soils (Evesboro sand and Matapeake silt loam) were mixed with two WTR and a BA and incubated for 15 weeks using several wetting and drying cycles. From 15 to 33 weeks, elemental sulfur and 1N H2SO4 were used to adjust soil pH to levels found in the wooded areas adjacent to agricultural fields. Acidified soils were planted with Bermudagrass. By-products reduced extractable P in both soils. Mehlich-3-extractable P that was immobilized in the by-product-amended Matapeake soil did not become soluble after acidification and cropping. Water-extractable P was significantly higher for the control and BA treatments after acidification and cropping. The water-extractable P that was immobilized by WTR before acidification did not become soluble under acidic and cropping conditions in either soil. Although soil aluminum and iron concentrations were higher under acidification and cropping, it was concluded that they were not at levels that would negatively impact the environment.
Anogenital neoplasia in AIDS.

Purpose of reviewWe review the recent literature on anogenital neoplasms in AIDS, with emphasis on cancers associated with HPV infection. Immune reactivity to HPV as well as novel immunotherapeutic and preventative strategies are discussed.Recent findingsMany AIDS-associated neoplasms are associated
Electrochemistry of carbidopentaruthenium C60 complexes and related clusters

The electrochemical behavior of the face-coordinated C 6 0 -carbidopentaruthenium cluster complexes Ru 5 C(CO) 1 1 (PPh 3 )(μ 3 -η 2 ,η 2 ,η 2 -C 6 0 ) (1), Ru 5 C(CO) 1 0 (μ-η 1 ,η 1 -dppf)(μ 3 -η 2 ,η 2 ,η 2 -C 6 0 ) (2) (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene), and PtRu 5 C(CO) 1 1 (η 2 -dppe)μ 3 -η 2 ,η 2 ,η 2 -C 6 0 ) (3) (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) has been examined by cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry methods. The behavior of compounds Ru 5 C(CO) 1 5 (4), Ru 5 C(CO) 1 4 (PPh 3 ) (5), Ru 5 C(CO) 1 3 (μ-η 1 ,η 1 -dppf) (6), PtRu 5 C(CO) 1 6 (7), and PtRu 5 C(CO) 1 4 (η 2 -dppe) (8) was studied also for comparison. For both 1 and 3, the voltammetric scans show an initial irreversible two-electron reduction feature, followed by three quasi-reversible, one-electron reductions of the C 6 0 ligand. In contrast, similar scans for 2 indicate an initial quasi-reversible, one-electron reduction of the C 6 0 ligand that is dynamically coupled with a second one-electron, irreversible reduction. Stepwise reduction of the C 6 0 ligand proceeds at more negative potentials. Interpretation of the electrochemical behavior of compounds 1-8 has been enhanced by studying their chemical reduction with cobaltocene. In all cases uptake of two electrons results in irreversible loss of a CO ligand from the cluster, and the resulting dianionic complexes have been characterized by their IR (ν C O ) spectra.
Importance of dynamic hydrogen bonds and reorientation barriers in proton transport

The dynamic nature of hydrogen bonds in phenolic polymers, where the hydrogen bond donor/acceptor reorientation can occur in a single site, presents lower barriers for proton transport.
Bleeding patterns after immediate vs. conventional oral contraceptive initiation: a randomized, controlled trial

Abstract Objective To compare bleeding patterns after immediate vs. conventional oral contraceptive (OC) initiation. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting University-based clinic. Patient(s) One hundred thirteen women initiating combination OCs. Intervention(s) Participants received a 4-month supply of a monophasic 35-μg ethinyl E 2 (EE) OC and a bleeding diary, were randomized to immediate or conventional OC start, underwent monthly telephone follow-up, and after 90 days returned the diary and completed an exit interview. Main outcome measure(s) Total number of bleeding–spotting days, using the World Health Organization 90-day reference period method. Comparisons were made by trial assignment (immediate vs. conventional) and cycle day of OC initiation (day 8+ vs. days 1–7). Result(s) There was no significant difference in the number of bleeding–spotting days (mean difference: −0.5 days; 95% CI: −3.4 to 2.3) or any other bleeding parameter between the immediate and conventional starters, or days 1–7 and day 8+ starters. Conclusion(s) Immediate start of OCs does not induce bleeding patterns different from conventional starting regimens. Concern about adverse bleeding patterns should not be considered a justification for instructing women to wait until menses before starting OCs.
Direct and indirect effects of unionization and government employment on fringe benefit provision

The separate influences of unionization and government employment on the provision of two major fringe benefits, pensions and health insurance, are investigated. Each influence is decomposed into a direct effect and an indirect effect through earnings. The sum of these effects often differs in size from estimates that ignore the two distinct effects. Moreover, studies that argue that both unions and governmental employees capture greater fringe benefits focus on the direct effect, yet estimates usually have not isolated this effect.
Competitive inhibitory effect of external nucleophile concentration on intramolecular O- to N-acylation in O-acetylsalicylamide.

A model esterolytic mechanisminvolving the cooperative effect of an amide functionalityand the cleavage of a neighboring acetyloxy group waspreviously reported [1,2]. The O- to N- transacylationreaction of O-acetylsalicylamide (compound 1) to givecompound 2 is rapid, pH-dependent, and independent ofbuffer concentration (see Scheme 1). In addition, the rateof such reactions can be greatly enhanced through anintramolecular general acid catalysis mechanism. Forexample, in compounds containing a terminal carboxylicacid functionality as part of the O-acyl group (i.e.,compounds of general structure 3), the involvement of thefree carboxylate group in the rate enhancement of O- toN-acylation was postulated to proceed via the transitionstate 4 [3]. Thus, the O-glutaryl hemiester derivative 3awas found to exhibit a transacylation rate that was 400times faster than that observed for compound 1 (3a, K
Hexaaquamanganese(II) bis[hydrotris(3-methyl-2-thioxo-1-imidazolyl) borate] Tetrahydrate: A Non-coordinating Borate Ligand with Manganese(II) Metal Ion

The metallation of a tripodal ligand, hydrotris(3-methyl-2-thioxo-1-imidazolyl)borate with manganese(II) salt gave an unusual title compound, [Mn(H2O)6](C12H16N6BS3)2.4H2O. The presence of soft donor atom in the borate moiety may be the cause of non-coordinating interaction with metal ion. The manganese(II) ion is coordinated with six water molecules leads to distorted octahedral geometry. In the crystal, the cations, anions and uncoordinated water molecules are linked by intermolecular O‒H···O hydrogen bonds and week intermolecular O‒H···S and C‒H···S interaction, generating a three-dimensional network. The thermal behavior of the title compound was also investigated.
Compression of intact subsoils under short-duration loading

Abstract Heavy axle loads of modern agricultural equipment greatly increase the potential for severe soil compaction. Axle loads exceeding 90 kN have been shown to cause compaction considerably below the depth of primary tillage. To evaluate the potential for compaction from heavy axle load traffic in the Pacific Northwest USA, compression characteristics of intact subsoil samples from eight agriculturally important soil series were determined. Clay contents of the soils ranged between 14 and 27%. Compactive stress thresholds (CSTs) of the subsoils, the stress at which irreversible deformation occurs, were determined at varying matric potentials (−30 to −300 kPa) using one-dimensional compression tests and short-duration loading (2-min). CST values for the eight subsoils ranged between 64 and 492 kPa, and increased two- to three-fold between −30 and −300 kPa matric potential. A relationship between CST and clay content did not exist, however, soils with high bulk densities generally had higher CST values than soils with low bulk densities. This implies that structural rather than textural characteristics exert a greater influence on CST under short-duration loading such as wheel traffic. For the range of soil matric potentials which occur during spring tillage in the Pacific Northwest (−30 to −100 kPa), the measured CST values ranged between 64 and 356 kPa. Wheel tractors and other equipment in the region have axle loads exceeding 90 kN and exert surface pressures ranging between 150 and 300 kPa. Since levels of subsoil stress under high axle loads can approach surface-applied pressures, the potential for subsoil compaction in these soils during spring tillage operations is high.
L1 Adaptive Output Feedback Controller for Systems with Time-varying Unknown Parameters and Bounded Disturbances

This paper presents an extension of the L1 adaptive controller to output feedback for systems with time-varying unknown parameters and time-varying bounded disturbances. The adaptive controller ensures uniformly bounded transient and asymptotic tracking for system's both signals, input and output, simultaneously. The performance bounds can be systematically improved by increasing the adaptation rate. Simulations verify the theoretical findings.
Comparison of electromagnetic induction and direct sensing of soil electrical conductivity

Apparent profile soil electrical conductivity (EC a ) can be an indirect indicator of a number of soil physical and chemical properties. Commercially available EC, sensors can be used to efficiently and inexpensively develop the spatially dense data sets desirable for describing within-field spatial soil variability in precision agriculture. The objective of this research was to compare EC, measurements from a noncontact, electromagnetic induction-based sensor (Geonics EM38) 1 to those obtained with a coulter-based sensor (Veris 3100) and to relate EC a data to soil physical properties. Data were collected on two fields in Illinois (Argiudoll and Endoaquoll soils) and two in Missouri (Aqualfs). At 12 to 21 sampling sites in each field, 120-cm-deep soil cores were obtained for soil property determination. Depth response curves for each EC, sensor were derived or obtained from the literature. Within a single field and measurement date, EM38 data and Veris deep (0-100 cm depth) data were most highly correlated (r = 0.74-0.88). Differences between EC, sensors were more pronounced on the more layered Missouri soils due to differences in depth-weighted response curves. Correlations of EC, with response curve-weighted clay content and cation exchange capacity were generally highest and most persistent across all fields and EC, data types. Significant correlations were also seen with organic C on the Missouri fields and with silt content. Significant correlations of EC, with soil moisture, sand content, or paste EC were observed only about 10% of the time. Data obtained with both types of EC, sensors were similar and exhibited similar relationships to soil physical and chemical properties.
Efficiency tools in the speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr.

This thesis represents the results of a computer-aided analysis of aspects of speeches of the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Specifically, the analysis has investigated the occurrence of indicators of the efficiency function--tools facilitating the comprehension of a discourse by a hearer or reader--in four speeches of Dr. King.Contrary to the expectations of many who anticipate complex grammatical structures in the discourse of those who are speechmakers before many and diverse audiences, this study has demonstrated that the speeches of Dr. King are replete with simple structural devices--sequential clauses as opposed to embedded clauses, sentences in which there are clear linkages between clauses, and clear linkages between sentences, to name a few.The analysis of the texts of Dr. King was accomplished in part by a computer program which used as input a surface semantic description of a sentence as a basis for predicting the syntactic function of elements of the sentence.
Approaching Theory: Scholar and Practitioner

The relationship between theory and practice—theorists and practitioners—is a tenuous one, full of contradictions and mistrust, both in the United States and beyond. Theory is generally seen as the prerogative of the scholar. Practice, on the other hand, is bound up with the artists and the artistic output. Many scholars feel that they do not necessarily need the practice to theorize or produce scholarly work. Many artists may feel that theory or scholarship is not important for their specific field. Some people contest the mere idea that one person can combine both scholarly and practical/artistic work and question if one can truly activate two halves of the brain at once. Nevertheless, the most exciting developments in theatre in the twentieth century came exactly from the interaction of theory with practice, often combined in the same person or group of persons. This interaction of theory and practice is demonstrated and documented in plays, manifestos, treatises, paintings, eyewitness accounts, histor...
Corridor-based endonasal endoscopic surgery for pediatric skull base pathology with detailed radioanatomic measurements.

BACKGROUND Pediatric anatomy is more restricted, and the propagation of endonasal endoscopic approaches in the pediatric population has been limited. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of the endonasal endoscopic approach in a variety of age groups and to perform measurements of the corridors and spaces available for surgery as a guide for case selection. METHODS Only patients <18 years were included. The choice of operative corridor/approach is described in relation to pathological entity and location. Preoperative/postoperative visual fields and endocrine panels, extent of resection, as well as postoperative long-term complications are described. Prospective magnetic resonance image-based anatomic measurements of key distances were performed to determine age-dependent surgical indications and limitations. RESULTS Forty purely endoscopic procedures were performed in 33 pediatric patients (5-18 years of age) harboring a variety of skull base lesions, from benign tumors to congenital malformations. For the 20 patients in whom gross total resection was the intended goal of surgery, gross total resection was attained in 15 (75%). There were 2 infections (5%) and no cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Significant improvement was shown in 58.3% of patients with visual deficits. Hormone overproduction resolved in 75% of patients, while preoperative hormone insufficiency only improved in 29.2%. Wider intercarotid distance at the superior clivus (P = .01) and shorter nare-dens working distance (P = .001) predicted improved outcomes and fewer postoperative complications. CONCLUSION Endonasal endoscopic skull base approaches are viable in the pediatric population, they are not impeded by sphenoid sinus aeration, and they have minimal risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningitis. Outcomes and complications can be predicted based on specific radio anatomical skull base measurements rather than age.
Global response of the plasmasphere to a geomagnetic disturbance

[1] Global images of the plasmasphere obtained by the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) imager on the IMAGE satellite are used to study the evolving structure of the plasmasphere during two geomagnetic disturbances. By tracking the location of the plasmapause as a function of L shell and magnetic local time, quantitative measurements of radial and azimuthal motions of the boundary are made for intervals ≥7 hours in duration with a time resolution of 10 min. The two cases presented are 26–27 June 2001, a relatively weak but isolated geomagnetic disturbance, and 9–10 June 2001, a moderate event with a multistaged onset and recurring substorm activity after the main disturbance. In both cases the onset of the disturbance, correlated with a southward turning of the IMF, is characterized by inward motion or erosion of the plasmapause and a smoothing of any existing azimuthal variations across the nightside. Over a period of many hours, a plasmaspheric plume forms in the afternoon sector as a result of sunward flows from dusk and corotational flows across the dayside. Azimuthal variations in the plasmapause radius tend to form in the local time sector from dawn to the western edge of the plume, including mesoscale (≤0.5 in L and ≤2 hours in local time) crenulations and larger-scale shoulder features, while the nightside boundary remains featureless. In the 26–27 June 2001 case, the magnetosphere entered a period of deep quiet after the main disturbance, and the plasmaspheric plume began to corotate with the main plasmasphere from the afternoon sector across the nightside. In contrast, the plume in the 9–10 June 2001 event became wrapped around the main plasmasphere and a second plume formed in the afternoon sector, perhaps due to continued substorm activity. In situ density data for these events show highly irregular density structure within the plumes as measured at geosynchronous orbit, whereas a measurement by IMAGE RPI suggests that there may be less structure near the base of the plume closer to the main plasmasphere.
Citizen Trust in Police: The Case of China

This study assesses the extent to which Chinese citizens trust their police and explores factors that account for variation in public trust in police. Very few studies have empir ically examined Chinese attitudes toward police. Using conflict theory as the guiding theo retical framework and interview data collected from eight Chinese cities, the study tests the effects of conflict variables, including gender, age, education, income, employment, and perceived political influence, and relevant control variables on Chinese public trust in police. The results show that conflict variables only have a modest explanatory power o Chinese attitudes toward police. Younger Chinese and Chinese with lower levels of per ceived political power tend to have lower levels of trust in police. Chinese attitudes toward police are also influenced by satisfaction with public safety, governmental capability of dealing with crime, quality of life, and corruption among government officials Implications for future research are disc...
Optimum transonic wind tunnel

The optimum facility to complement existing high Reynolds number transonic wind tunnels is discussed. It is proposed that the facility be cryogenic, have a total pressure of five atmospheres or less, and have a test section on the order of 4- to 5-meters square. The large size is to accommodate complicated models such as those used in propulsion testing. It is suggested that magnetic suspension and wall interference minimization and correction procedures be used. Simplicity of initial design is stressed as a means of providing for future growth opportunities.
Simulating high-angle annular dark-field stem images including inelastic thermal diffuse scattering

Abstract A generalized multislice theory is employed to simulate the annular dark-field (ADF) images, in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), taking into account the inelastic thermal diffuse scattering (TDS). It is shown that the ADF image has the following characteristics if the first-order Laue zone (FOLZ) (or high-order Laue zones (HOLZ)) is excluded: (1) there is no contrast reversal with change of focus; (2) there is no contrast reversal with change of specimen thickness and (3) the ADF image shows highly localized scattering from each atomic column and can provide some chemical information for a specimen having two or more atoms with very different atomic numbers. It is shown that the TDS may take a dominant role in determining the ADF imaging contrast, depending strongly on the atomic number, the sizes (or shapes) of the atoms and their relative vibration amplitudes. TDS may increase the visibility of light elements. A full dynamical calculation including TDS is required to interpret the ADF imaging contrast. It is therefore not proper to consider the ADF imaging contrast as purely Z dependent. The HOLZ can introduce strong diffraction contrast in the ADF image.
Heavy metal contamination of sediments in the Upper Connecting Channels of the Great Lakes

In 1985, sampling at 250 stations throughout the St. Marys, St. Clair, and Detroit rivers and Lake St. Clair — the connecting channels of the upper Great Lakes – revealed widespread metal contamination of the sediments. Concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc each exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sediment pollution guidelines at one or more stations throughout the study area. Sediments were polluted more frequently by copper, nickel, zinc, and lead than by cadmium, chromium, or mercury. Sediments with the highest concentrations of metals were found (in descending order) in the Detroit River, the St. Marys River, the St. Clair River, and Lake St. Clair. Although metal contamination of sediments was most common and sediment concentrations of metals were generally highest near industrial areas, substantial contamination of sediments by metals was present in sediment deposition areas up to 60 km from any known source of pollution.
Nitrous oxide emissions and herbage accumulation in smooth bromegrass pastures with nitrogen fertilizer and ruminant urine application

Agricultural soils contribute significantly to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but little data is available on N2O emissions from smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures. This study evaluated soil N2O emissions and herbage accumulation from smooth bromegrass pasture in eastern Nebraska, USA. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured biweekly from March to October in 2011 and 2012 using vented static chambers on smooth bromegrass plots treated with a factorial combination of five urea nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1) and two ruminant urine treatments (distilled water and urine). Urine input strongly affected daily and cumulative N2O emissions, but responses to N fertilizer rate depended on growing season rainfall. In 2011, when rainfall was normal, cumulative N2O emissions increased exponentially with N fertilizer rate. In 2012, drought reduced daily and cumulative N2O emission responses to N fertilizer rate. Herbage accumulation ranged from 4.46 Mg ha−1 in unfertilized pasture with distilled water to 16.01 Mg ha−1 in pasture with 180 kg N ha−1 and urine in 2011. In 2012, plots treated with urine had 2.2 times more herbage accumulation than plots treated with distilled water but showed no response to N fertilizer rate. Total applied N lost as N2O ranged from 0–0.6 to 0.5–1.7 % across N fertilizer rates in distilled water and urine treatments, respectively, and thus, support the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default direct emission factors of 1.0 % for N fertilizer additions and 2.0 % for urine excreted by cattle on pasture.
Evidence for a Transient Interresidue Hydrogen Bond in Sucrose in Aqueous Solution Obtained by Rotating-Frame Exchange NMR Spectroscopy Under Supercooled Conditions

Abstract We have used the hydroxyl protons of sucrose dissolved in supercooled water as NMR probes for the detection of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Neither the measured OH temperature shift coefficients, 3 J HCOH scalar couplings, isotope-induced 13 C chemical shifts (Δδ COH/COD ) nor OH exchange rates allowed us to single out any hydroxyl group in sucrose with characteristics indicative of involvement in strong hydrogen bonding. However, two-dimensional rotating-frame exchange (ROESY) spectroscopy revealed a direct exchange between the glucosyl OH2 and fructosyl OH1 protons. We conclude that an O2g::H::O1f interresidue hydrogen bond transiently exists in sucrose in aqueous solution. ROESY of sugars in supercooled water is proposed as a novel method to detect this type of weak hydrogen bonding.
Divergent Roles for Adiponectin Receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 in Mediating Revascularization and Metabolic Dysfunction in Vivo

Adiponectin is a well described anti-inflammatory adipokine that is highly abundant in serum. Previous reports have found that adiponectin deficiency promotes cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction in murine models, whereas its overexpression is protective. Two candidate adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, are uncharacterized with regard to cardiovascular tissue homeostasis, and their in vivo metabolic functions remain controversial. Here we subjected AdipoR1- and AdipoR2-deficient mice to chronic hind limb ischemic surgery. Blood flow recovery in AdipoR1-deficient mice was similar to wild-type; however, revascularization in AdipoR2-deficient mice was severely attenuated. Treatment with adiponectin enhanced the recovery of wild-type mice but failed to rescue the impairment observed in AdipoR2-deficient mice. In view of this divergent receptor function in the hind limb ischemia model, AdipoR1- and AdipoR2-deficient mice were also evaluated in a model of diet-induced obesity. Strikingly, AdipoR1-deficient mice developed severe metabolic dysfunction compared with wild type, whereas AdipoR2-deficient mice were protected from diet-induced weight gain and metabolic perturbations. These data show that AdipoR2, but not AdipoR1, is functionally important in an in vivo model of ischemia-induced revascularization and that its expression is essential for the revascularization actions of adiponectin. These data also show that, in contrast to revascularization responses, AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2 deficiency, leads to diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, revealing that these receptors have highly divergent roles in vascular and metabolic homeostasis.
A Glimpse of Syons Glory

Among the numerous tracts which were published during the early and hectic days of the Long Parliament (1641) one anonymous sermon has fascinated historians and assumed some importance in the interpretation of Puritanism during those years. It represents in brief compass a significant facet of Civil War Puritanism. It has served to indicate how radical if latent ideas later developed within the broader movement. Professor Woodhouse reprinted sections of A Glimpse of Syons Glory to illustrate “The Priviledges of the Saints” in their anticipation of the impending inauguration of the Millennium. In Professor Haller's words it reveals “the vital excitement which gave … meaning” to the apocalyptic poetry of Daniel and Revelation , “dreams [which] were warmly cherished among the London populace on the eve of the revolution.”
Evaluation of the Staph-Zym system with staphylococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections.

A total of 148 staphylococci isolated from bovine intramammary infections were used to evaluate the Staph-Zym system (ROSCO, Taastrup, Denmark). The overall accuracy of the system was 91.9%. The system correctly identified all strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus xylosus and 95% of Staphylococcus intermedius strains. Of 33 Staphylococcus hyicus strains, 31 (93.9%) were classified correctly by the Staph-Zym system, as well as 8 (80%) of 10 Staphylococcus chromogenes strains. All 11 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and the 1 Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain included in the study were identified, but the Staph-Zym system had difficulty distinguishing strains of Staphylococcus warneri and Staphylococcus hominis from other species in the S. epidermidis group. The Staph-Zym system correctly identified all six S. xylosus strains and two of three Staphyloccus sciuri strains. The Staph-Zym system was considered an acceptable alternative to conventional methods for identification of bovine mammary gland isolates. Images
Light-Triggered RNA Annealing by an RNA Chaperone

Non-coding antisense RNAs regulate bacterial genes in response to nutrition or environmental stress, and can be engineered for artificial gene control. The RNA chaperone Hfq accelerates antisense pairing between non-coding RNAs and their mRNA targets, by a mechanism still unknown. We used a photocaged guanosine derivative in an RNA oligonucleotide to temporally control Hfq catalyzed annealing. Using a fluorescent molecular beacon as a reporter, we observed RNA duplex formation within 15 s following irradiation (3 s) of photocaged RNA complexed with Hfq. The results showed that the Hfq chaperone directly stabilizes the initiation of RNA base pairs, and suggests a strategy for light-activated control of gene expression by non-coding RNAs.
Examining development-related uncertainties for environmental management: Strategic planning scenarios in Southern California

While landscape planning can help society meet its goals, the ultimate success of today’s decisions will be determined, in part, by factors that are difficult to control or to forecast. This study explored how uncertainties related to urban growth in the biologically rich, but rapidly developing area between Los Angeles and San Diego might influence the natural systems of the region and, in turn, contribute to land stewardship pressures. The work was focused through a set of ecological management concerns of the region’s military installations. As urbanization removes or degrades habitat, these large and largely un-built properties are increasingly important for the maintenance of regional biodiversity. Looking forward, stakeholders are asking how might growth affect the “rules of engagement” that allow the military to fulfill its mission and native species to continue to exist in the area? A set of scenarios describe possible interactions of macro-scale forces of change and commensurate regional responses; associated analyses locate and quantify the consequences. Each scenario presents unique potential challenges and the set captures a range of alternative management contexts. In examining what the future might become rather than what it should become, this approach provides a geographic vulnerability analysis that can help stakeholders assess the long-term success of pending local environmental plans and, thereby, make decisions that are more robust to uncertainties related to exogenous forces of change. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Changes in benthic community composition following the mass mortality of Diadema at Jamaica

The urchin, Diadema antillarum Philippi, is normally ubiquitous on Caribbean reefs and exerts an important control on benthic algal populations through its grazing activity. At Discovery Bay, Jamaica, the urchin was essentially eliminated from fore reef sites during August, 1983 by disease. Four 100-m2 sites located between 5 and 22 m on the fore reef were censused prior to and after the urchin mortality. At 15 m, the urchin density declined from 6.6 to 0.0 · m −2 while bottom cover by noncrustose algae (mainly Dictyota species and filamentous red and green algal turf species) increased from 30.7 to 49.7% within 2 wk of the urchins′ death and by 4 months had increased to 72.3%, finally declining to 64.7% after 1 yr. This sharp increase in algal cover was achieved at the expense of other reef benthos, such as crustose coralline algae and clionid sponges. A similar pattern was found at the other depths. Depending upon the urchins' ability to re-establish itself, this trend may have serious implications for the shallower (< 30 m) Jamaican reefs, which are still undergoing a succession with recruitment of many coral species following Hurricane Alien, in 1980.
Dependence on the Lazaro Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatase for the Maximum Light Response

The Drosophila phototransduction cascade serves as a paradigm for characterizing the regulation of sensory signaling and TRP channels in vivo . Activation of these channels requires phospholipase C (PLC) and may depend on subsequent production of diacylglycerol (DAG) and downstream metabolites . DAG could potentially be produced through a second pathway involving the combined activities of a phospholipase D (PLD) and a phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphatase (PAP). However, a role for a PAP in the regulation of TRP channels has not been described. Here, we report the identification of a PAP, referred to as Lazaro (Laza). Mutations in laza caused a reduction in the light response and faster termination kinetics. Loss of laza suppressed the severity of the phenotype caused by mutation of the DAG kinase, RDGA , indicating that Laza functions in opposition to RDGA. We also showed that the retinal degeneration resulting from overexpression of the PLD was suppressed by elimination of Laza. These data demonstrate a requirement for a PLD/PAP-dependent pathway for achieving the maximal light response. The genetic interactions with both rdgA and Pld indicate that Laza functions in the convergence of both PLC- and PLD-coupled signaling in vivo.
Partial within-animal calibration: A new calibration approach in lead optimisation high-throughput bioanalysis

The lead optimization phase of drug discovery requires high-throughput analyses for quantification in biological matrices and in plasma in particular. Over the last decade, some technical innovations allowed the pharmaceutical industry to improve the quality of the results. However, there is room for improvement. In this context, a new calibration strategy is proposed in this paper. Experiments were performed on dog plasma samples and it was showed that a within-animal calibration strategy can reduce the bias up to 20% and improve the precision up to 20%. However, a partial within-animal calibration is preferred to the full approach in order to avoid to many sample preparations.
Autonomy's limits: living donation and health-related harm.

In late December 1998, Renada Daniel-Patterson's father offered to donate a kidney to his daughter and ignited a controversy in the bioethics community. Renada had been born with only one kidney, which began to fail early in her childhood. At age 6, Renada had to receive dialysis three times a week. She was unable to attend school or venture very far from home. This pattern continued until Renada was 13, when Mr. Patterson called from prison to offer her his kidney. Renada was surprised to hear from her father, who was serving 12 years at California State Prison for burglary and drug convictions. Mr. Patterson was determined to be a compatible donor, and the family proceeded with the transplant operation. As a result of this surgery, Renada was able to live the life of a healthy girl for 2 years. Because the medication to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ made her feel ill and bloated and caused her to develop a hump on her back, Renada gradually began to skip doses. As a result, her donated kidney began to fail. It was under these circumstances that David Patterson offered to donate his second kidney to his daughter in 1998.
Effect of Diethylstilbestrol and Cholesterol on the Fatty Acid Composition of Liver Lipid Fractions in Cockerels

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE fattening action of diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been extensively studied by several workers (Lorenz, 1944, 1945a, b; Sykes et al., 1945; Gassner and Wilgus, 1948; Umberger et al., 1959; and Herbert and Brunson, 1957). DES administration will increase liver lipids (Riddle and Opdyke, 1941) partly due to the increased phospholipid synthesis (Taurog et al., 1944). There is little doubt that increased lipid synthesis in the liver is the source of DES-induced lipemia (Ranney and Chaikoff, 1951) and the DES-induced lipemia does not depend on dietary fat (Lorenz, 1954). The consequence of the increased lipid synthesis in the liver on the fatty acid composition of the liver lipid fractions has been little explored. Blomstrand and Christensen (1961, 1963) reported that oleic acid increased significantly after DES treatment. Stearic acid of the cholesterol ester and triglyceride fractions decreased while the stearic acid of the phospholipid fraction and the linoleic acid of …
An Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter for the CCSM4 Ocean Component

AbstractThe authors report on the implementation and evaluation of a 48-member ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) for the ocean component of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The ocean assimilation system described was developed to support the eventual generation of historical ocean-state estimates and ocean-initialized climate predictions with the CCSM4 and its next generation, the Community Earth System Model (CESM). In this initial configuration of the system, daily subsurface temperature and salinity data from the 2009 World Ocean Database are assimilated into the ocean model from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2005. Each ensemble member of the ocean is forced by a member of an independently generated CCSM4 atmospheric EAKF analysis, making this a loosely coupled framework. Over most of the globe, the time-mean temperature and salinity fields are improved relative to an identically forced ocean model simulation without assimilation. This improvement is especially notable in s...
Heme-regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI) is required for translational regulation and survival of erythroid precursors in iron deficiency

Although the physiological role of tissue‐specific translational control of gene expression in mammals has long been suspected on the basis of biochemical studies, direct evidence has been lacking. Here, we report on the targeted disruption of the gene encoding the heme‐regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI) in mice. We establish that HRI, which is expressed predominantly in erythroid cells, regulates the synthesis of both α‐ and β‐globins in red blood cell (RBC) precursors by inhibiting the general translation initiation factor eIF2. This inhibition occurs when the intracellular concentration of heme declines, thereby preventing the synthesis of globin peptides in excess of heme. In iron‐deficient HRI −/− mice, globins devoid of heme aggregated within the RBC and its precursors, resulting in a hyperchromic, normocytic anemia with decreased RBC counts, compensatory erythroid hyperplasia and accelerated apoptosis in bone marrow and spleen. Thus, HRI is a physiological regulator of gene expression and cell survival in the erythroid lineage.
Search for Competitive Inhibition among Glycolysis Inhibitors

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUA IN CERCA DE COMPETITION INTER INHIBITORES DE GLYCOLYSE.-Quando tenue frottis de sedimento salivari es placiate con un de lor superficies in contacto con un solution de glucosa, glycolyse causa, in regime permanente, un depression del pH observabile al altere superficie. Inhibitores del glycolyse in iste systema ha essite le objecto de extense cercas le quales ha resultate in le identification de certe compositos exhibiente similitude con glucosa. Dece-cinque compositos esseva testate con le objectivo de determinar si le action inhibitori es competitive con le concentration de glucosa per observar le glycolyse quando le concentration de glucosa es reducite-tanto con como etiam sin un reduction correspondente del concentration del inhibitor. Nulle evidentia in supporto del these de un inhibition competitive esseva trovate, mesmo in le caso del compositos le plus simile a glucosa. Iste constatationes indica que probabilemente le inhibitores non entra in competition con glucosa relativ...
The design of a real-time, multimodal biofeedback system for stroke patient rehabilitation

This paper presents a novel real-time, multi-modal biofeedback system for stroke patient therapy. The problem is important as traditional mechanisms of rehabilitation are monotonous, and do not incorporate detailed quantitative assessment of recovery in addition to traditional clinical schemes. We have been working on developing an experiential media system that integrates task dependent physical therapy and cognitive stimuli within an interactive, multimodal environment. The environment provides a purposeful, engaging, visual and auditory scene in which patients can practice functional therapeutic reaching tasks, while receiving different types of simultaneous feedback indicating measures of both performance and results. There are three contributions of this paper - (a) identification of features and goals for the functional task (b) The development of sophisticated feedback (auditory and visual) mechanisms that match the semantics of action of the task. We additionally develop novel action-feedback coupling mechanisms. (c) New metrics to validate the ability of the system to promote learnability, stylization and engagement. We have validated the system for nine subjects with excellent results.
Redescription of Cosberella conatoa Wray (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) and the description of C. lamaralexanderi

ABSTRACT Cosberella conatoa Wray, 1963, the type and only species of the genus, is redescribed from the type specimens. Mucrella Fjellberg, 1985 is synonymized with Cosberella as characters that delimit Mucrella (e.g., reduced and hidden maxilla lamella 4, presence of eversible antennal sac, minute to moderately developed anal horns) also apply to C. conatoa. The six previously described species of Mucrella are transferred to Cosberella. Cosberella lamaralexanderi is newly described from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. It is differentiated from other species of Cosberella by its unusual body color and pattern (white to yellow-orange with a regular arrangement of dark violet spots), trilobed apical antennal bulb, and well-developed antennal sensory field.
Determination of trapping parameters of the high temperature thermoluminescence peak in equilibrated ordinary chondrites

Abstract Most meteorites exhibit thermoluminescence (TL) that can be used to constrain their recent thermal and irradiation history, but quantitative conclusions require a knowledge of the detailed TL peak structure of the TL glow curve. We have determined TL peak parameters for the high temperature portion of the glow curve for six ordinary chondrites: Chicora (LL6); Innisfree (L5); Lost City (H5); Paragould (LL6); Pribram (H5); and Tilden (L6). The saturation dose for all these meteorites is approximately 3600 Gy. Published procedures were used to determine the number and temperatures of peaks in the high temperature (>570 K) portion of the glow curve and peak fitting was used to estimate TL trap parameters for each peak. These data were then tested and adjusted, if necessary, by comparing calculated decay results with TL glow curves for samples heated at ≈420 K for various times. We find evidence for four TL peaks in the high temperature portion of the glow curve, where trapping parameters vary slightly from meteorite to meteorite. For the Lost City meteorite, the TL peak temperatures (K), activation energies (E, eV), and Arrhenius factors ( s , × 10 −9 s −1 ) are: 325, 1.26, 4.8; 360, 1.33, 3.88; 401, 1.44, 5.8; and 455, 1.5, 2.25, respectively. These data could be used to estimate dose rates for meteorites; however, the albedo values required for the calculation are not yet sufficiently known. However, terrestrial ages, or surface exposure ages, for meteorite finds from hot deserts like those in Australia or North Africa, can be estimated from these data.
A remotely powered and wirelessly controlled intraoral electrolarynx

Electrolarynx devices have restored the voice of many who would otherwise be unable to speak. Current intraoral electrolarynx devices either have unappealing transoral tubes or are too large to easily fit in the mouth. We introduce a novel, remotely powered and wirelessly controlled intraoral electrolarynx that addresses these issues. Due to its size, the intraoral part of the device is easily embedded into a maxillary denture or a dental appliance. Characteristics of the device, including operating distance, positional sensitivity and orientation sensitivity were investigated. The results show that the device can be remotely powered and wirelessly controlled for use as an intraoral electrolarynx. Speech intelligibility of the device is not presented, but will be in future studies.
The computational analysis of scientific literature to define and recognize gene expression clusters

A limitation of many gene expression analytic approaches is that they do not incorporate comprehensive background knowledge about the genes into the analysis. We present a computational method that leverages the peer-reviewed literature in the automatic analysis of gene expression data sets. Including the literature in the analysis of gene expression data offers an opportunity to incorporate functional information about the genes when defining expression clusters. We have created a method that associates gene expression profiles with known biological functions. Our method has two steps. First, we apply hierarchical clustering to the given gene expression data set. Secondly, we use text from abstracts about genes to (i) resolve hierarchical cluster boundaries to optimize the functional coherence of the clusters and (ii) recognize those clusters that are most functionally coherent. In the case where a gene has not been investigated and therefore lacks primary literature, articles about well-studied homologous genes are added as references. We apply our method to two large gene expression data sets with different properties. The first contains measurements for a subset of well-studied Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes with multiple literature references, and the second contains newly discovered genes in Drosophila melanogaster; many have no literature references at all. In both cases, we are able to rapidly define and identify the biologically relevant gene expression profiles without manual intervention. In both cases, we identified novel clusters that were not noted by the original investigators.