cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Inferior Mesenteric Vein as a Conduit for Variceal Decompression: A Preliminary Report

The inferior mesenteric vein — to — renal vein anastomosis with partial gastric devascularization was evaluated in ten cirrhotics. Rebleeding rates were unacceptably high, but when the appropriate ...
Precision landing on Mars using imaging penetrator beacons

Analysis of a precision landing on Mars using penetrator beacons is presented. Penetrator beacons are small ballistic vehicles that would precede a soft lander to image a proposed landing region and establish a network of surface relative radio navigation beacons. A preliminary design of the charged coupled device imaging system mounted on the penetrator and investigations into the resulting size and resolutions of the images photographed by the imagers are studied. Investigations concluded that penetrator beacons could provide high resolution images of a landing region and provide a network of radio navigation beacons within the proposed landing region. A comparison between an orbiting facility and a single surface beacon navigation facility is performed and it is demonstrated that a surface beacon navigation is the preferred method to meet certain stringent mission navigation requirements.
Prospect Theory and Limit Lines

Risk acceptance criteria in the form of limit lines are investigated in the context of prospect theory. This theory departs from utility theory in several respects, an important one being the use of weights other than probabilities in the evaluation of the expected impact of uncertain outcomes. Hypothetical functions reflecting certain attitudes toward consequences and rare events are developed and combined to produce several limit lines.
Ocean science: Eddy effects on biogeochemistry

Ocean eddies tens of kilometres in radius can delineate local ecosystems and contribute to biogeochemical budgets. The characterization of three such eddies in a coastal upwelling region provides insight into these wonders of nature.
UNDECIDABLE PROPERTIES OF FINITE SETS OF EQUATIONS

Though equations are among the simplest sentences available in a first order language, many of the most familiar notions from algebra can be expressed by sets of equations. It is the task of this paper to expose techniques and theorems that can be used to establish that many collections of finite sets of equations characterized by common algebraic or logical properties fail to be recursive. The following theorem is typical. Theorem. In a language provided with an operation symbol of rank at least two, the collection of finite irredundant sets of equations is not recursive . Theorems of this kind are part of a pattern of research into decision problems in equational logic. This pattern finds its origins in the works of Markov [8] and Post [20] and in Tarski's development of the theory of relation algebras; see Chin [1], Chin and Tarski [2], and Tarski [23]. The papers of Mal′cev [7] and Perkins [16] are more directly connected with the present paper, which includes generalization of much of Perkins' work as well as extensions of a theorem of D. Smith [22]. V. L. Murskii [14] contains some of the results below discovered independently. Not all known results concerning undecidable properties of finite sets of equations seem to be susceptible to the methods presented here. R. McKenzie, for example, shows in [9] that for a language with an operation symbol of rank at least two, the collection of finite sets of equations with nontrivial finite models is not recursive. D. Pigozzi has extended and elaborated the techniques of this paper in [17], [18], and [19] to obtain new results concerning undecidable properties, particularly those of algebraic character.
Variation in the Hatteras Front density and velocity structure Part 1: High resolution transects from three seasons in 2004-2005

Abstract On the continental shelf near Cape Hatteras, cool fresh Mid-Atlantic Bight and warm salty South Atlantic Bight shelf waters converge alongshelf 90% of the time, causing strong alongshelf gradients in temperature, salinity, and density known as the ‘Hatteras Front’. Mechanisms of shoreward transport in this region have long been a topic of interest, since many commercially important species spawn on the outer shelf, but utilize the adjacent Albemarle and Pamlico Sounds for nurseries, requiring some physical transport mechanism to move the eggs and larvae from the outer shelf to these nursery areas. One mechanism providing such shoreward transport is strong shoreward velocity along the cross-shelf oriented ‘nose’ of the Hatteras Front. The Frontal Interactions near Cape Hatteras (FINCH) project used shipboard ADCP and a towed undulating CTD to examine Hatteras Front property, density and velocity fields in August 2004, January 2005, and July 2005. Strong property gradients were encountered across the nose of the Hatteras Front in all cases, but the density gradient evolved in time, and along with it the dynamic height gradient driving the observed along-front cross-shelf velocities in the nose of the Front. In August and January FINCH data, MAB shelf waters on the north side of the Hatteras Front are less dense than SAB shelf waters, driving shoreward velocities along the Hatteras Front. By July, MAB shelf waters are slightly more dense than SAB shelf waters, with areas of weak seaward and shoreward velocities within the Hatteras Front. As Part 1 of a pair of contributions, this article focuses on FINCH data to illustrate the range of density gradients encountered and resulting cross-shelf velocities. Whether these observations are typical of variability in the Hatteras Front is explored in a second article, Part 2.
Current controversies in childhood obesity

The conclusions that one can state with assurance are remarkably few. Adiposity in children is best monitored clinically by the measurement of skin-fold thickness. The likelihood that obesity will progress from infancy to childhood to adult life is still questionable and may be more important in the individual child than as a significant cause of adult obesity. Behavioral and social factors pedominate in etiology, yet biologic factors, including genetic, are also involved. Behavioral and social factors are critical in the significance of obesity to the individual. Although there are definite disease hazards, they appear to be predominantly confined to the very obese. The best treatment appears to be prophylaxis, again heavily involving behavioral and social factors as well as the wide-spread distribution of sound nutritional information. When prophylaxis fails, the behavioral modification approach to therapy currently holds the greatest promise.
The Content of Reality Dating Shows and Viewer Perceptions of Dating

This research utilized a content analysis of 64 hours of reality dating shows and a survey of 197 young adults to determine the extent to which the content on these shows was related to actual dating attitudes, preferred date characteristics, and dating behaviors of viewers of that genre. Results show that male viewers, those who perceived higher realism in the shows, and those with higher average viewing scores were more likely to endorse attitudes found within the programming. Dating characteristics were portrayed infrequently, and no relationship between viewing and endorsement of those characteristics was found. Viewing reality dating shows was related to self-reports of drinking alcohol and using hot tubs early in the dating relationship.
Long-term effects of exposure to methamphetamine in adolescent rats

Background Flexible cognition is a set of processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an area of the brain that continues to develop during adolescence and into adulthood. Adult rodents exhibit impairments specific to reversal learning across various dosing regimens of methamphetamine (mAMPH). For adolescent rodents, ongoing PFC development can be assessed by discrimination reversal learning, a task dependent on frontostriatal integrity. The task may also index an increased vulnerability for mAMPH sampling in adulthood.
Hazard of Prostate Cancer Specific Mortality After Radical Prostatectomy

Purpose: Hazard is defined as an event rate at a certain time that is conditional on survival until that time. For most patients with localized malignancies the mortality hazard decreases with time after an initial period of high failure risk. We assessed prostate cancer specific mortality hazard changes with time in men treated with radical prostatectomy.Materials and Methods: The cohort included 127,236 men from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) database who were treated with RP between 1988 and 2003. Pathological stage was organ confined in 38,684 men (30%), nonorgan confined in 41,806 (33%) and unstaged in 46,746 (37%). Gleason score 7 or less was present in 100,816 men (79%) and Gleason score 8 or greater in 26,420 (21%). Patients were stratified into groups, including group 1—71,106 (59%) with Gleason score 7 or less, organ confined, group 2—23,063 (19%) with Gleason score 7 or less, nonorgan confined, group 3—13,660 (12%) with Gleason score 8 or greater, organ confined and group...
Disruption of vitamin D receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimer formation following ras transformation of human keratinocytes.

A partial resistance to the growth inhibitory influence of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is apparent when immortalized keratinocytes are transformed by the ras oncogene. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) was isolated, analyzed, and found to be identical in normal, immortalized, and ras-transformed keratinocytes. Subsequently, nuclear extracts from immortalized and ras-transformed keratinocytes were analyzed in gel mobility shift assays utilizing labeled vitamin D response elements or thyroid hormone response elements. A specific protein.DNA complex that was shown to contain VDR using an anti-VDR antibody was identified in both types of extracts; however, the addition of an anti-retinoid X receptor (RXR) antibody identified RXR in the complex of both normal and immortalized keratinocyte cell extracts, but not in ras-transformed keratinocytes. Furthermore, transfection of ras-transformed keratinocytes with wild-type human RXRalpha rescued VDR.RXR and thyroid hormone receptor.RXR complexes as demonstrated by a supershift in the presence of the anti-RXR antibody. Both cell lines were found to express RXRalpha message in equal amounts. Western blot analysis revealed that RXRalpha protein from ras-transformed keratinocytes was indistinguishable from that from immortalized keratinocytes and from control cells. These results suggest a causal relationship between resistance to the growth inhibitory influences of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and disruption of the VDR.RXR complex in malignant keratinocytes.
Using the Extended Parallel Process Model to Explain Physicians' Decisions to Test Their Patients for Kidney Disease

A study was conducted to determine the effects of perceived threat and efficacy on physicians' intentions and behavior to test their patients' level of kidney functioning. Guided by the extended parallel process model, 151 physicians completed an initial survey measuring threat to patients (i.e., susceptibility and severity) and efficacy (i.e., response-efficacy and self-efficacy), as well as their current intentions and behavior. One-hundred and twelve of these physicians also completed and returned a follow-up survey sent approximately 4 months later using identical measures of intentions and behavior. As predicted, physicians who perceived greater threat to patients and greater efficacy demonstrated greater intentions and behavior to test their patients' level of kidney functioning. The theoretical and practical insights and implications of these findings are discussed.
Response Surface Methods for Spatially-Resolved Optical Measurement Techniques

Response surface methods (or methodology), RSM, have been applied to improve data quality for two vastly different spatial ly-re solved optical measurement techniques. In the first application, modern design of experiments (MDOE) methods, including RSM, are employed to map the temperature field in a direct-connect supersonic combustion test facility at NASA Langley Research Center. The laser-based measurement technique known as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is used to measure temperature at various locations in the combustor. RSM is then used to develop temperature maps of the flow. Even though the temperature fluctuations at a single point in the flowfield have a standard deviation on the order of 300 K, RSM provides analytic fits to the data having 95% confidence interval half width uncertainties in the fit as low as +/-30 K. Methods of optimizing future CARS experiments are explored. The second application of RSM is to quantify the shape of a 5-meter diameter, ultra-light, inflatable space antenna at NASA Langley Research Center.
Nanoscale Intermolecular Interactions between Human Serum Albumin and Low Grafting Density Surfaces of Poly(ethylene oxide)

The net nanoscale interaction between a probe tip covalently bound with the blood plasma protein human serum albumin (HSA) and a surface of end-grafted poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) mushrooms (Mn ∼ 50K, Flory radius RF ∼ 9 nm, contour length Lcontour ∼ 393 nm) was measured directly on approach (loading) and retract (unloading) in aqueous buffer solution using the technique of high-resolution force spectroscopy (HRFS). On approach of the HSA probe tip to the PEO surface, a monotonic nonlinear repulsive net force was observed for tip−sample separation distances of <30 nm, the magnitude of which is much larger than that predicted by either electrostatic double layer or steric theories based on configurational entropy. Attractive contacts between the PEO and HSA are formed during experimentation, enabling the tethering and extension of individual PEO chains on retraction. The mean binding force of the HSA probe tip to individual PEO chains was determined to be 〈Fadh〉 = 0.06 ± 0.10 nN or 〈Fadh/Radius〉 = 0.9 ± 1.6...
Revenue sharing and within-team payroll inequality in Major League Baseball

Using data from the 2000 to 2012 Major League Baseball seasons, this article investigates how changes to revenue sharing in the 2007 collective bargaining agreement altered within-team payroll inequality. Results indicate that inequality within teams decreased after the 2007 bargaining agreement. This reduced inequity is concentrated among those teams that were already experiencing relatively higher levels of inequality. This indicates that changes to revenue sharing should help increase competitive balance within the league. Additionally, the reduction in inequality occurs only among hitters and not pitchers. These results highlight how collective bargaining can have heterogeneous effects on groups of workers despite there being no requirement of differential treatment.
Evoked potential analysis by complex demodulation.

Abstract The method of the Fourier transform and that of complex demodulation are compared and contrasted, with special attention devoted to the question of frequency resolution. A computational method is described for complex demodulation. A discussion is given of the relevance of spectral analysis to the study of averaged (visual) evoked responses.
Meeting the Needs of English Language Learners With Disabilities in Urban Settings

English-language learners with disabilities are capable of learning and are entitled to high-quality educational experiences. Their academic and social needs should be considered from multiple pers...
Dibucaine Hydrochloride in the Control of K-Strophanthoside-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia and Other Toxic Manifestations

Dibucaine hydrochloride in relatively small doses terminated high frequency ventricular tachycardia induced by toxic doses of K-strophanthoside in 9 of 10 dogs. Dibucaine was antidotal to glycoside-induced vagotonia and improved the alertness and apparent general condition of the animals that received it. One death occurred in the 10 strophanthoside tachycardia animals treated with dibucaine, a mortality rate of 10 per cent. Four deaths occurred in seven dogs that received similar doses of strophanthoside but no dibucaine, a mortality rate of 57 per cent.
Al-Dielectric Interfaces

Since Al was replaced by Cu for high-end IC products in 1997, the stability of the Cu–dielectric interface has become an increasingly important topic. In the dual damascene interconnect structure, Cu interconnects are surrounded by various barriers. The Cu lines are capped with a dielectric layer of materials, which is used as a diffusion barrier and an etch-stop layer. Cu migration through the capping layer is an increasingly serious concern because this layer is moving from a conventional dense material (Si3N4 ) to lower-k barrier materials such as SiC, SiCO, and SiCN. The sidewalls of the Cu lines are encapsulated by metallic diffusion barrier materials, which also present a problem. It is increasingly more challenging to contain Cu within the interconnect lines because the aggressive shrinking of via and trench size requires thinner barrier layers. The local depletion of barrier layers may eventually expose Cu directly to the low-k interlayer dielectrics. In addition, the stability of barrier metals themselves with low-k dielectrics could also be an issue under bias-temperature stress. In any event, the stability of Cu–dielectric interfaces has become a pressing issue.
Redesigning the care of fragility fracture patients to improve osteoporosis management: a health care improvement project.

Objective To develop new processes that assure more reliable, population-based care of fragility fracture patients. Methods A 4-year clinical improvement project was performed in a multispecialty, community practice health system using evidence-based guidelines and rapid cycle process improvement methods (plan-do-study-act cycles). Results Prior to this project, appropriate osteoporosis care was provided to only 5% of our 1999 hip fracture patients. In 2001, primary physicians were provided prompts about appropriate care (cycle 1), which resulted in improved care for only 20% of patients. A process improvement pilot in 2002 (cycle 2) and full program implementation in 2003 (cycle 3) have assured osteoporosis care for all willing and able patients with any fragility fracture. Altogether, 58% of 2003 fragility fracture patients, including 46% of those with hip fracture, have had a bone measurement, have been assigned to osteoporosis care with their primary physician or a consultant, and are being monitored regularly. Only 19% refused osteoporosis care. Key process improvements have included using orthopedic billings to identify patients, referring patients directly from orthopedics to an osteoporosis care program, organizing care with a nurse manager and process management computer software, assigning patients to primary or consultative physician care based on disease severity, and monitoring adherence to therapy by telephone. Conclusion Reliable osteoporosis care is achievable by redesigning clinical processes. Performance data motivate physicians to reconsider traditional approaches. Improving the care of osteoporosis and other chronic diseases requires coordinated care across specialty boundaries and health system support.
Evaluation of the half-life of intravenous human cytomegalovirus immune globulin in patients receiving partially mismatched related donor bone marrow transplantation.

Study Objective. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and use of intravenous human cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CytoGam) in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Design. Prospective, nonrandomized, nonblinded, single-center study. Setting. University teaching hospital. Patients. Five consecutive patients with hematologic malignancies receiving partially mismatched related donor BMT with a uniform conditioning regimen including total body irradiation and chemotherapy. Intervention. Serum immunoglobulin and cytomegalovirus (CMV) titers were measured before and 24 hours after the first CytoGam infusion on day -6 during the conditioning regimen. Measurements and Main Results. These levels were measured every 5 days, and a second dose was administered when the CMV titer returned to 25-50% of the 24-hour level. The half-life of CytoGam was approximately 7 days. Conclusion. We believe this is the first report of CytoGam's half-life in allogeneic BMT. The information may prove vital in a future study in which the agent's potential beneficial effects can be maximized.
AID for Innate Immunity to Retroviral Transformation

AID is a cytidine deaminase essential for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation during the humoral immune response. In this issue of Immunity, Gourzi et al. (2006) show that AID also plays a critical role in innate immunity to virally induced acute pro-B cell leukemia.
The biosynthesis and turnover of different molecular species of rat testicular choline phosphoglycerides and triacylglycerols following intratesticular injection with (1(3)-14C)glycerol.

Abstract Rats were sacrificed 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 96 h after an intratesticular injection with [1(3)- 14 C]glycerol. The choline phosphoglycerides and triacylglycerols were isolated and the choline phosphoglycerides were converted to diacylglycerols by treatment with phospholipase C. These diacylglycerols and the triacylglycerols were fractionated into molecular species using argentation thin-layer chromatography. At early time periods the percent of radioactivity incorporated into the oleate- and linoleate-containing diacylglycerols exceeded the molar contribution of these two fractions. The percent of radioactivity in the linoleate fraction declined rapidly at later time periods while the percent of radioactivity in the oleate fraction also declined but not as rapidly. In contrast the percent of radioactivity in the arachidonate and docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoate-containing diacylglycerols at early time periods was lower than the molar amounts of these diacylglycerols. At later time periods the percent of radioactivity in these two fractions increased. These findings suggests that oleateand linoleate-containing choline phosphoglycerides are made largely by total synthesis while a deacylation-acylation pathway plays a major role in the biosynthesis of the highly unsaturated choline phosphoglycerides. The calculated apparent half-lifes for the oleate-, linoleate-, arachidonate- and docosa-4,7,10,13,16-pentaenoate-containing diacylglycerols were respectively 35, 18, 41 and 46 h. The percent incorporation of [1(3)- 14 C]glycerol into the various triacylglycerol fractions did not differ markedly from the molar contribution of the respective molecular fractions suggesting that the various molecular species of rat testicular triacylglycerols are all synthesized and turn over at about the same rate.
FMR1 transcript isoforms: association with polyribosomes; regional and developmental expression in mouse brain.

The primary transcript of the mammalian Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 gene (Fmr1), like many transcripts in the central nervous system, is alternatively spliced to yield mRNAs encoding multiple proteins, which can possess quite different biochemical properties. Despite the fact that the relative levels of the 12 Fmr1 transcript isoforms examined here vary by as much as two orders of magnitude amongst themselves in both adult and embryonic mouse brain, all are associated with polyribosomes, consistent with translation into the corresponding isoforms of the protein product, FMRP (Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein). Employing the RiboTag methodology developed in our laboratory, the relative proportions of the 7 most abundant transcript isoforms were measured specifically in neurons and found to be similar to those identified in whole brain. Measurements of isoform profiles across 11 regions of adult brain yielded similar distributions, with the exceptions of the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. These two regions differ from most of the brain in relative amounts of transcripts encoding an alternate form of one of the KH RNA binding domains. A possible relationship between patterns of expression in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb and the presence of neuroblasts in these two regions is suggested by the isoform patterns in early embryonic brain and in cultured neural progenitor cells. These results demonstrate that the relative levels of the Fmr1 isoforms are modulated according to developmental stage, highlighting the complex ramifications of losing all the protein isoforms in individuals with Fragile X Syndrome. It should also be noted that, of the eight most prominent FMRP isoforms (1–3, 6–9 and 12) in mouse, only two have the major site of phosphorylation at Ser-499, which is thought to be involved in some of the regulatory interactions of this protein.
Photochemistry of N-Acetyl-, N-Trifluoroacetyl-, N- Mesyl-, and N-Tosyldibenzothiophene Sulfilimines

Time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy, product studies, and computational methods were applied to the photolysis of sulfilimines derived from dibenzothiophene that were expected to release acetylnitrene, trifluoroacetylnitrene, mesylnitrene, and tosylnitrene. All three methods provided results for acetylnitrene consistent with literature precedent and analogous experiments with the benzoylnitrene precursor, i.e., that the ground-state multiplicity is singlet. In contrast, product studies clearly indicate triplet reactivity for trifluoroacetylnitrene, though TRIR experiments were more ambiguous. Product studies suggest that these sulfilimines are superior sources for sulfonylnitrenes, which have triplet grounds states, to the corresponding azides, and computational studies shed light on the electronic structure of the nitrenes.
An electron microscopic study of sperm penetration into the rabbit egg after natural mating.

The ultrastructure of fertilization has been studied in rabbit eggs recovered 11 to 15 hours after natural mating. Many sperm passing between the granulosa cells had undergone the acrosomal reaction, but this was not invariable, and, occasionally, intact sperm were present close to the zona pellucida. The cells of the corona radiata sometimes develop pseudopodial processes at the abovular surface and can ingest sperm after natural mating. The bulk of the content of the acrosome and the vesiculated elements formed during the acrosomal reaction, are lost before the sperm penetrates the zona pellucida, at which point the naked inner membrane of the acrosome is brought into intimate apposition with the zona. As the sperm cleaves a path through the zona pellucida, the posterior equatorial segment of the acrosome remains intact, and later persists as such in perivitelline sperm and quite possibly after incorporation of the sperm head into the vitellus. Sperm head entry into the vitellus is a two-fold process. The fertilizing sperm invariably fuses first with the vitelline membrane over the midposterior region of the head, whereas the rostral or acrosomal portion is drawn into the vitellus while encased by a flattened vesicle; this vesicle is comprised by the persistent inner membrane of the acrosome and externally by vitelline membrane sequestered from the egg surface. Soon after exposure to ooplasm, the sperm nucleus begins to decondense at a variable rate into a web of electron-dense strands; this process begins in the midposterior region, and then extends rostrally and caudally. At the same time the encasing membranes are reflected away from the anterior region of the nucleus, exposing subacrosomal material to the ooplasm. At this point the perforatorium remains, but this and the associated membranes are presumed to disintegrate eventually within the egg. After decondensation of the nucleus is complete, the faintly staining chromatin becomes enveloped by a series of compressed vesicles which together will form the porous limiting membrane of the male pronucleus. The last region to be incorporated is the sperm tail, the plasma membrane of which is lost as organelles of the tail pass into the ooplasm. During its incorporation, the midpiece engenders some reaction at the egg surface, and the mainpiece sometimes becomes fused with surface processes before it enters the body of the egg. The midpiece then commonly disintegrates, with dispersion of the mitochondrial sheath, whereas the mainpiece usually remains essentially intact until the time of syngamy or beyond.
Asymptotic behavior of integral equations using monotonicity

Abstract In this paper, some Volterra integral equations that arise in heat transfer are studied. In particular, sufficient conditions for asymptotically periodic solutions are given. The results are derived, in part, using the fact that the resolvent form of the equations involved yields a monotone operator.
A Flexible Hardware Architecture for Wavelet Packet Transform With Arbitrary Tree Structure

We present a new hardware architecture for implementing the orthogonal wavelet packet transform with an arbitrary wavelet tree. The architecture is flexible enough to accommodate an arbitrary wavelet filter and an arbitrary tree up to a certain depth. The tree structure is specified through an efficient register parameterization architecture. We provide a detailed description of the different modules and complexity estimates for the application-specified integrated circuit implementation of the proposed architecture.
The crucial role of hepatocyte growth factor receptor during liver-stage infection is not conserved among Plasmodium species

The crucial role of hepatocyte growth factor receptor during liver-stage infection is not conserved among Plasmodium species
Premature Ovarian Failure in the Adolescent

Premature ovarian "failure" (POF) is an enigmatic and heterogeneous disorder characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and hypergonadotropinism that occurs in women under the age of 40 years. The predominant causes are different in the adolescent, and more of these causes are associated with permanent cessation of ovarian function. It would seem that the more common causes of POF in adolescents include cytogenetic abnormalities involving the X chromosome, ovarian dysfunction occurring in association with other autoimmune endocrine disturbances, and chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy given for any of a number of malignancies. Special challenges in the adolescent beyond establishing the diagnosis include counseling the young woman and her family and discussing the possibility of future pregnancy. Lifelong therapy must be addressed as well. Any discussion of POF raises numerous unanswered questions that should be the focus of future research.
The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult male sexual dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual dysfunction in men. In addition, the investigation compared sexually abused men and women on the characteristics of the sexual abuse. METHOD: Subjects were 359 men who sought sexual dysfunction treatment. Thirty men reported a history of sexual abuse. Characteristics of the sexual abuse experienced by these men also were compared to the sexual abuse experienced by 73 women initially investigated elsewhere (Sarwer & Durlak 1996). RESULTS: Sexual abuse was not found to predict sexual dysfunction in these men. Rather, unemployment served as the only significant predictor of male sexual dysfunction. Comparisons of the sexual abuse reported by male and female victims indicated that males were more likely to experience physical force, but were less likely than female victims to be abused more than once and to be abused by an adult. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the notion that childhood sexual abuse may not be as disruptive to adult sexual functioning in men as it is in women. This difference may be a function of the specific circumstances of the sexual abuse. Suggestions for future research on male sexual abuse are provided. Language: en
Evanescent field shapes excitation profile under axial epi-illumination

Axial epi-illuminating light transmitting a >1.3-numerical-aperture microscope objective creates an excitation volume at focus with size and shape dictated by diffraction and due to refraction by the objective and by the coverslip interface separating a specimen in aqueous buffer from the oil immersion objective. The evanescent field on the coverslip aqueous side affects primarily the excitation volume axial dimension as the specimen in focus approaches the interface to within a few hundred nanometers. Following excitation, an excited stationary dipole moment emits fluorescence in a spatially varying pattern collected over the large objective aperture. Collected light propagates in parallel rays toward the tube lens that forms a real three-dimensional image that is decoded to identify dipole orientation. An integral representation of the excitation and emitted fields for infinity-corrected optics—including effects of finite conjugate illumination, fluorescence emission near an interface, emitter dipole orientation, spherical aberration, light transmission through a dichroic filter, and for real microscopic specifications—accurately models observed field intensities including the substantial excitation from the evanescent field. The goal is to develop and verify the practical depiction of excitation and emission in a real microscope for quantitative interpretation of the 3-D emission pattern.
Acceptability of Smoked Turkey Drumsticks with and without Nitrite Addition

Abstract Two methods of preparing smoked turkey drumsticks were compared as to consumer acceptance. Smoking and cooking methods were the same; however, one brine solution contained nitrite (Product A) and the other did not (Product B). Consumers were asked to rate both products for color, appearance, flavor, and tenderness as follows; 1–very good; 2–good; 3–fair; 4–poor. They were also asked: 1) Which product do you like best?, 2) Which product would you buy?, and 3) What is your opinion on the nitrite-nitrate controversy? Results indicated 65% preferred Product A, 31% Product B, and 4% both products. Results on buying indicated 58% would buy Product A, 28% Product B, 7% both, and 7% neither. Ratings for color were: Product A 1.6, Product B 2.3 (P
Mechanism of aliphatic hydroxylation tetralin hydroperoxide as an intermediate in the hydroxylation of tetralin in rat-liver homogenate

1. 1. Tetralin and tetralin 1-hydroperoxide were chosen as model to study the mechanism of biological oxygenation. Both tetralin and tetralin hydroperoxide were converted to tetral-1-ol by rat liver supernatant fraction obtained at 10000 × g. Both the conversions of tetralin to tetralol and tetralin hydroperoxide to tetralol required NADPH. 2. 2. For the conversion of tetralin hydroperoxide to tetralol, ferrous sulfate, peroxidase, hemin, catalase and cytochrome c had no catalytic effect, whereas both boiled liver enzyme and hemoglobin had 30% of the activity of liver 10000 × g supernatant fraction. Boiled liver enzyme had no catalytic effect on the conversion of tetralin to tetralol. 3. 3. The optimal pH for the conversion of tetralin to tetralol was found to be between 6.0 and 7.6, while the optimal pH for the conversion of tetralin hydroperoxide to tetralol lay sharply between 6.8 and 7.0. 4. 4. For the conversion of tetralin to tetralol, a Km value of 6·10−4M, and a vmax value of 0.024 μg/min per mg protein were found. For the conversion of tetralin hydroperoxide to tetralol, a Km value of 3·10−4 M and a vax value of 0.087 μg/min per mg protein were obtained. 5. 5. Of the inhibitors at the concentrations studied, o-iodosobenzoate and mercuric chloride were the most effective in inhibiting the conversion of tetralin hydroperoxide to tetralol (>90%). They inhibited the conversion of tetralin to tetralol by 65% and 40% respectively. Sodium azide and carbon monoxide inhibited the conversion of tetralin to tetralol by 50%, but had no effect in inhibiting the conversion of tetralin hydroperoxide to tetralol. Other inhibitors had various effects. 6. 6. By the addition of p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) or by the removal of NADPH, tetralin hydroperoxide was accumulated and detected in the hydroxylation of tetralin. 7. 7. These findings indicate that tetralin hydroperoxide can be an intermediate in the hydroxylation of tetralin to tetralol in rat-liver homogenate and eliminate the possibility of a mono-atomic oxygen species as a reactant in this reaction.
Hydrogen absorption in RNi4Al (R = Rare Earth) ternary compounds

Abstract Hydrogen absorption in a series of eleven rare earth ternary intermetallic compounds, RNi4Al (where R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) has been studied. All these compounds are found to crystallize in the hexagonal CaCu5-type structure and absorb a large quantity of hydrogen at moderate pressure and ambient temperature. In terms of equilibrium pressure, the hydrides of these ternaries are more stable than those of corresponding binary, RNi5, compounds. This is consistent with previous observations on the Th(Ni, Al)5 ternary system.
Cumulative incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer.

The incidence of metachronous colorectal cancer has most often been reported as a crude rate: second cancers/index cancers. The reported incidence varies between 0.5 percent and 3.6 percent. However, these calculations do not take into account factors such as length of survival and length of follow-up. The cumulative incidence more accurately reflects the risk for developing a metachronous cancer and was determined in a retrospective analysis of 5,476 patients who were diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer between 1965 and 1985. The cumulative probability was calculated by determining the number of patients developing a metachronous colon cancervs.the number remaining at risk at that point in time. The calculated annual incidence for metachronous tumors was 0.35 percent per year. The cumulative incidence at 18 years was 6.3 percent. Analysis also demonstrated that metachronous cancers were diagnosed at earlier stages than were index cancers (P=0.03). Subgroup analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with metachronous cancer before and after 1980. There was a difference in the incidence of metachronous cancers between these two groups (P=0.04).
Performance driven global routing for standard cell design

Advances in fabrication technology have resulted in a continual shrinkage of device dimensions. This has resulted in smaller device delays, greater resistance along interconnect wires, and a greater impact of interconnect on total system performance. These changes have driven a considerable number of studies on single-net interconnect optimization, but relatively little work has been done to integrate the results on single-net optimization with the problem of global routing and interconnect optimization for the entire circuit. In this paper, we present the DECIMATE global router for performance driven standard cell design. The router applies both interconnect topology optimization and variable-width wire sizing optimization results to the global routing problem, while maintaining routing areas that are comparable with TimberWolf Systems' well-known commercial global router. Optimal selection of interconnection structures is shown to be an NP-Hard problem; we provide a simple heuristic for the problem, and show that it is e ective with experiments on industry benchmarks. Under the Elmore delay model, our global router produces as much as a 35% reduction in critical path delay over TimberWolf Systems' global router, while path length reductions are as large as 52%. Circuit area optimization is performed taking into account variably-sized wires, xed routing topologies, and pre-existing obstacles; an improved cost function obtains as much as an 11.6% reduction in channel density over the result in [16].
Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,6-quinoline vinylene)

Abstract A synthetic route for a new conjugated polymer, poly(2,6-quinoline vinylene) ( PQV ) is presented. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of polymer showed λ max at 430 nm and the fluorescence maximum was observed at 515 nm by using 430 nm excitation wavelength. Polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs), constructed with ITO/PQV/A1 configuration, showed broad emission with λ max at 530 nm.
A highly efficient NiO-Doped MgO matched emitter for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion

Abstract A novel, thermally excited emitter material for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion is described in this work. The new emitter is called a ‘matched emitter’ because its emissive power spectrum is matched very efficiently to the response of GaSb photovoltaic cells that convert the infrared radiation into electricity. It has been shown that doping concentrations of 2–4 wt.% Co 3 O 4 or NiO within a low infrared emissivity MgO host will produce matched emitters with continuous, strong radiant emissions in the optimal energy range between 1 and 2 μm and minimal radiation at non-convertible wavelengths. The experimental measurements show that power densities of almost 9 W cm −2 , in the convertible wavelength range between 1 and 1.9 μm, and temperatures of 1400°C or more are easily achieved with NiO-doped MgO tape cast emitters in an air–propane flame. The first reported emittance measurements for NiO-doped MgO tape cast emitters show that remarkably high peak emissivities, up to 0.9, at near optimal wavelengths for TPV energy conversion are achievable. Both the measured power density (9 W cm −2 ) and peak emissivity (nearly 0.9) appear to greatly exceed all previous values reported for any selective emitter at the given temperatures and wavelengths.
Conjunctival T-cell lymphoma caused by human T-cell lymphotrophic virus infection

Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. METHODS: We examined a conjunctival biopsy from a 29-year-old Jamaican man who developed bilateral conjunctival masses. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma was diagnosed using routine histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, microdissection, and the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination revealed a conjunctival lymphoma. Clonality of the T-cell receptor gamma gene and human T-cell lymphotrophic virus gag gene were detected in the malignant cells. The demonstration of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus gene and the rearrangement of the T-cell receptor gene in this neoplasm provide proof that human T-cell lymphotrophic virus is the cause of this conjunctival T-cell lymphoma. CONCLUSION: Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus is the cause of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ lymphocytes.
An approach to a feature-based comparison of solid models of machined parts

Solid models are the critical data elements in modern computer-aided design environments, because they describe the shape and form of manufactured artifacts. Their growing ubiquity has created new problems in how to effectively manage the many models that are now stored in the digital libraries for large design and manufacturing enterprises. Existing techniques from the engineering literature and industrial practice, such as group technology, rely on human-supervised encodings and classification; techniques from the multimedia database and computer graphicssvision communities often ignore the manufacturing attributes that are most significant in the classification of models. This paper presents our approach to comparing the manufacturing similarity assessments of solid models of mechanical parts based on machining features. Our technical approach is threefold: perform machining feature extraction, construct a model dependency graph (MDG) from the set of machining features, and partition the models in a database using a measure of similarity based on the MDGs. We introduce two heuristic search techniques for comparing MDGs and present empirical experiments to validate our approach using our testbed, the National Design Repository.
Decay and scattering of solutions of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Abstract The scattering operator is well defined for a Schrodinger equation in three dimensions with a cubic self-interaction term.
Gastric Emptying and Intestinal Transit of Various Enteral Feedings Following Severe Burn Injury

Background Burn-induced delayed gastric emptying and intestinal transit limits enteral feeding/resuscitation.
New Technique for Controlling Optical Mirror Shapes

A new method for controlling the shape of an optical mirror which does not require any reaction against a support structure is described. A computer analysis has been made for a sample case of a simple, thin disc, and the required distribution of control points established for direct control of the first ten terms of a Zernike polynominal expansion describing the surface shape.
The Land Surface Analysis in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis

AbstractThe NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) uses the NASA Land Information System (LIS) to create its land surface analysis: the NCEP Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Comparing to the previous two generations of NCEP global reanalyses, this is the first time a coupled land–atmosphere data assimilation system is included in a global reanalysis. Global observed precipitation is used as direct forcing to drive the land surface analysis, rather than the typical reanalysis approach of using precipitation assimilating from a background atmospheric model simulation. Global observed snow cover and snow depth fields are used to constrain the simulated snow variables. This paper describes 1) the design and implementation of GLDAS/LIS in CFSR, 2) the forcing of the observed global precipitation and snow fields, and 3) preliminary results of global and regional soil moisture content and land surface energy and water budgets closure. With special attention made during the design of CFSR GLD...
Peer interventions to promote health: Conceptual considerations.

Peers have intervened to promote health since ancient times, yet few attempts have been made to describe theoretically their role and their interventions. After a brief overview of the history and variety of peer-based health interventions, a 4-part definition of peer interveners is presented here with a consideration of the dimensions of their involvement in health promotion. Then, a 2-step process is proposed as a means of conceptualizing peer interventions to promote health. Step 1 involves establishing a theoretical framework for the intervention’s main focus (i.e., education, social support, social norms, self-efficacy, and patient advocacy), and Step 2 involves identifying a theory that justifies the use of peers and might explain their impact. As examples, the following might be referred to: theoretical perspectives from the mutual support group and self-help literature, social cognitive and social learning theories, the social support literature, social comparison theory, social network approaches, and empowerment models.
Diverticulosis intestini and pernicious anaemia.

1) In very rare cases of multiple intestinal diverticulosis, pernicious anaemia with intact HC1 secretion into the stomach may he found. 2) A case is described in whom full correction of the hemoglobin deficit was obtained by iron treatment notwithstanding a blood picture typical of pernicious anaemia. A relapse 1 year later did not respond to iron treatment, whereas treatment by folic acid was successful. 3) In non coincidental multiple intestinal diverticulosis and pernicious anaemia, either a defective elimination of antipernicious substance or more probably a defective absorption of this substance may be pathogenetically important.