cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. A clinicopathologic reassessment.

A clinicopathologic analysis of 35 cases of lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease (LPHD) was performed, and the relationship between various histologic features and stage at presentation was examined. The series comprised 31 male and 4 female patients with a median age of 32 years. Twenty patients had Ann Arbor Stage I disease; 5, Stage II; 8, Stage III; and 2, Stage IV. Eight cases showed a multifocal epithelioid histiocytic reaction; six of these had advanced-stage (III or IV) disease (P = 0.003). Five cases contained relatively frequent atypical mononuclear cells; four of these were Stage III or IV (P = 0.017). A purely diffuse growth pattern was also associated with high stage (P = 0.031). Presence of nodularity correlated with low stage (P = 0.031). During follow-up (median, 4 years; range, 2.5 months-18 years) there was a high incidence of second neoplasms (2 large cell lymphomas, 3 non-hematologic malignancies). LPHD manifests greater diversity of stage at presentation than originally thought. A high content of epithelioid histiocytes, relatively frequent atypical mononuclear cells, and diffuse histology appear to define subsets associated with advanced-stage disease. The correlation of nodular growth pattern with low-stage disease is consistent with the distinctive behavior and derivation of nodular LPHD. Cancer 59:99–106, 1987.
“I've never been so free in all my life”: healing through Aboriginal ceremonies in prison

The purpose of this article is to examine the leisure experiences of Aboriginal women in a Canadian federal prison as they engaged in traditional ceremony. This study explores how Aboriginal women's experiences of ceremony, conceptualized as leisure, challenged the controlling environment of the prison and contributed to the release of pain and other feelings that resulted from traumatic events. The healing experiences of the Aboriginal women in this study are ultimately contrasted with the oppressive environment of the prison. The findings suggest that surveillance, discipline and punishment were replaced with a safe and secure emotional space, which provided an environment for the women to collectively reveal their vulnerabilities and begin to heal. This process of healing led to the embodiment of Sisterhood, which was portrayed through the development of mutually trusting, caring and supportive relationships.
The condensate for QCD1+1 coupled to adjoint fermions

Abstract We consider SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 1 + 1 dimensions coupled to massless adjoint fermions. With all fields in the adjoint representation, the gauge group is actually SU(2) Z 2 which possesses nontrivial topology. In particular, there are two distinct topological sectors and the physical vacuum state has a structure analogous to a θ vacuum but the θ angle is determined to ±π 2 by the symmetries of the theory. We show how this feature is realized in light-front quantization, using discretization of x− as an infrared regulator. We find exact expressions for the vacuum states and we calculate the bilinear condensate of the model. We argue that this condensate does not effect the spectrum of the massless theory but gives the string tenson of the massive theory.
The management of choledochal cysts in the newborn

Choledochal cysts are now being diagnosed before birth on routine maternal sonography (US). There is no report in the literature outlining the management of newborns with choledochal cysts, many of whom are asymptomatic. Our study details the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of six such children, four girls and two boys. Five had antenatal US revealing cystic abdominal masses. One had intermittent vomiting and US suggested a choledochal cyst. Four of six had normal serum bilirubin levels; two had elevations. In five babies the choledochal cyst was correctly diagnosed from the preoperative studies; in one the preoperative diagnosis was an ovarian cyst. The children underwent an operation at an average of 6 weeks of age (range 5 days to 17 weeks). At exploration, cholangiography showed Alonso-Lej type I cysts in all cases. Treatment consisted of resection of the cyst with Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in five and with a valved jejunal choledochoduodenal conduit in one. In no case was the dissection of the choledochal cyst off the portal vein and hepatic artery difficult. There were no intra- or early postoperative complications. Mean hospital stay was 8 days (range 5 to 9 days). Presently, all 6 patients have normal bilirubin levels at an average length of follow-up of 35 months (range 16 to 70 months) after operation. We conclude that operative treatment of choledochal cysts in early infancy, even in asymptomatic children, is safe and effective and may prevent serious complications later in life.
Leadership in multiteam systems

This study examined 2 leader functions likely to be instrumental in synchronizing large systems of teams (i.e., multiteam systems [MTSs]). Leader strategizing and coordinating were manipulated through training, and effects on functional leadership, interteam coordination, and MTS performance were examined. Three hundred eighty-four undergraduate students participated in a laboratory simulation modeling a 3-team MTS performing an F-22 battle simulation task (N = 64 MTSs). Results indicate that both leader training manipulations improved functional leadership and interteam coordination and that functional leader behavior was positively related to MTS-level performance. Functional leadership mediated the effects of both types of training on interteam coordination, and interteam coordination fully mediated the effect of MTS leadership on MTS performance.
Trends in thermal analysis

Abstract The state of art and trends of the major thermal analysis technique, differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, are discussed in this paper. Instrumentation goals should be extension of measurement to 10 K, precision DSC to 0.1%, direct recording of heat capacity, and fast calorimetry to heating rates of 10,000 K/min. The development of data treatment involve the generation and assembly of tables of data on reversible and irreversible processes for the identification of materials and their thermal history, empirical and theoretical prediction schemes, and computer methods for data comparison. In the area of theory, irreversible thermodynamics and nonisothermal kinetics, the influence of anharmonicity on thermal properties, and the thermodynamics of liquids, glasses and mesophases are in various stages of development. Finally, the most basic trend is the use of modern teaching techniques involving, besides classical means, audio, video and computer methods. The trend is to give the field a new direction which ultimately should lead to the development of the professional “THERMAL ANALYST”.
The foundation and latest development trend of financial regulation

The financial crisis occurred frequently among those main countries of the world since the 90s of 20th century, especially the global finance crisis of these years, which have tremendously stroke the global development of economies and politics, and stability of societies as well, have persuaded publics to set a series of re-consideration and new research towards the problems of financial development and regulation. this article mainly talk about this.
Assessment of the teratogenic potential of acrolein and cyclophosphamide in a rat embryo culture system

Rat conceptuses were explanted from the uterus on day 10.5 of gestation. The embryos within the yolk-sacs were then transferred to culture bottles containing pure male rat serum either with or without liver microsomes and NADPH. Acrolein (AC), present worldwide in the environment and one of the intermediate metabolites of cyclophosphamide (CPA), was added to these culture mediums. The conceptuses were grown for a period of 48 h after which the morphological features and their degree of differentiation were examined and the DNA and protein contents determined. The effects produced by AC were compared with those obtained by CPA treatment, using the same culture conditions. AC treated embryos and yolk-sacs showed slight but statistically significant inhibition of growth at concentrations of 100 microM and 150 microM. Higher dose levels (200 microM and 250 microM) resulted in a drastic inhibition of growth and differentiation. However, no gross structural defects were observed at the dose-levels used. In contrast, conceptuses cultivated in the presence of CPA (350 microM), liver microsomes and NADPH showed characteristic morphologic lesions. Our findings indicate that AC is lethal to embryos within a narrow dose-range, but has no teratogenic potential. Therefore, AC is not the metabolite which is responsible for the teratogenic effects observed after CPA treatment in vivo. The results also demonstrate that the postimplantation embryo culture system can discriminate between embryolethal and teratogenic effects and that whole embryos in culture can respond to teratogens in a manner similar to embryos exposed in vivo.
A Theory for the Neural Basis of Language. Part 1: A Neural Network Model

This report describes a theory and corresponding model for the neural basis of language. A detailed functional description will be given for the following elementary visual-linguistic processes: (1) the selection and neural encoding of patterns from the visual field; (2) the representation of visual experience in memory; (3) the mechanisms of association between different types of visual and verbal information including (a) naming of visual images, (b) naming of positional relationships between objects, (c) naming of size and shape attributes of objects, and (d) imaging of pictorial information which was previously stored in memory; (4) the neural representation of phrases and simple sentences; (5) the recognition of simple sentences and the concept of meaning; and (b) verballydirected recall of visual experience. Strengths and weaknesses of the model are discussed. Part 1 of this paper contains a complete set of operational definitions. The neural networks aie described, and several alternate control strategies for these networks are considered. Part 2 gives a detailed description of computersimulation studies of the proposed model. Processes demonstrated by the computer simulations are: (1) verbally directed recall of visual experience; (2) understanding of verbal information; (3) aspects of learning and forgetting; (4) the dependence of, recognition and understanding on, contextual information; and (5) elementary concepts of sentence generation. The simulation studies are based on one particular choice of control functions.
High-temperature gasification kinetics of biomass pyrolysis

Abstract The rate of gas formation from wood pyrolysis has been experimentally measured at temperatures from 300°C to 1000°C. The formation rate of specific product gases has been measured rather than the rate of solid weight loss. Even for very fine particles, the rate becomes heat transfer limited a: high temperatures. The product gases also approach thermodynamic equilibrium rapidly at high temperatures. The results are corrected using the experimental residence time distribution.
Studies of the growth requirements of the genus Dysmorphococcus (volvocales)

Summary Dysmorphococcus grows best at a p H of 8.5 with temperatures in the range of 30 to 35 ° C. Under these conditions maximum growth occurs 15 — 16 d after inoculation. The genus exhibits light saturation at 1.1 Х 105 erg/cm 2 /s (about 1200 ft-c) when bicarbonate is not limiting. Calcium, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate and Vitamin B 12 are required for growth. Thiamine, although not required, does enhance growth slightly. A new growth medium, called MBL2N was developed for growth under axenic conditions.
Imaging elongating pollen tubes by green fluorescent protein

Pollen tube elongation is a dynamic process in which pollen tubes navigate and respond to female tissues to accomplish their mission of delivering the sperm cells for fertilization. The tube growth process itself is driven by regulated intracellular conditions that maintain the appropriate ionic environment, actin dynamics and a balance level of exocytosis and endocytosis to support growth at the tube apex. However, the interactive process within the pistil has not rendered itself accessible for direct observation. The contribution by individual cytosolic constituents of the pollen tube growth machinery remains to be determined. With the development of the green fluorescent protein reporter system, many of these questions can be addressed in live pollen tubes that elongate within the pistil and inchemically defined media. Analyses of the mechanisms that underlie pollen tube growth will be significantly facilitated.
Meso-β-scale momentum budget of an evolving severe storm complex during SESAME AVE-V

Data from the SESAME storm-scale network are used in computing the momentum budget of the prestorm, storm, and poststorm environment of a severe storm complex. In the prestorm period geostrophic flow dominates the environment. With progression into the storm period all terms in the momentum equation become important, as a significant ageostrophic component in the momentum field develops. Turbulent effects are estimated as a residual, and the results indicate that they are comparable in magnitude to the other terms. Their effect is to decrease the positive momentum, particularly at levels above 500 mbar, where the vertical motion is the strongest. Vertical profiles of area means ofu andv indicate that the storm is apparently redistributing momentum downwards, thus reducing the mean shear. In the poststorm period the flow once again becomes largely geostrophic, and a maximum in wind speed reappears at upper levels.
Mapping the roots of HIV/AIDS complacency: implications for program and policy development.

This article explores the assumption that perceptions about the threat of HIV/AIDS have changed over the course of the epidemic. For want of a better term this phenomenon will be referred to as “HIV/AIDS complacency” and will be defined as minimizing discounting or discrediting the threat of HIV/AIDS. Although the majority of examples cited will explore the phenomenon at an individual level this analysis assumes that HIV/AIDS complacency might also manifest at a community level (e.g. decreased endorsement of norms supporting safe sexual practices related to perceptions that HIV infection is no longer a “fatal” condition)—or at a societal level (e.g. decreased support for ongoing HIV prevention activities in favor of other priorities). The construct of “HIV treatment optimism” will be viewed as a discrete although not sole contributor to HIV/AIDS complacency. As above the notion of safer behavior fatigue (decreased vigilance toward maintaining safer sexual and drug-related behaviors) could also be included in the proposed definition of complacency should we consider the behavior lapse as resulting from a decreased perception of HIV/AIDS risk rather than as an erosion of necessary prevention skills. (excerpt)
Frequency dependence of cavitation activity in a rotating tube exposure system compared to the mechanical index.

Cavitation was produced by focused and unfocused ultrasonic beams in a 60‐rpm rotating‐tube exposure system. Hemolysis, free radical generation, and hydrogen peroxide were assayed after exposure to determine the dependence of cavitation activity on pressure‐amplitude p and frequency f. For unfocused exposure, hemolysis rose rapidly from an apparent threshold pressure amplitude, to a maximum value and then declined gradually at higher amplitudes. Cavitation activity decreased with increasing ultrasonic frequency for a fixed pressure amplitude. Apparent thresholds for unfocused exposure were similar for hemolysis after 15 s and H2O2 production after 15 min. These thresholds increased roughly in proportion to increasing ultrasonic frequency. Cavitation activity was lower and thresholds were higher for focused exposures than for unfocused exposures. The approximate pf −1=0.20 MPa/MHz dependence of the experimental threshold of H2O2 production from 0.745 to 2.95 MHz differs from the pf −1/2=0.24 MPa/MHz1/2 dependence of the theoretical ‘‘mechanical index’’ threshold for inertial cavitation.
Delay of side pull-in for an electrostatic comb drive model with rotational degree of freedom

We analyze the dynamics of an electrostatic comb drive model with one translational and one rotational degree of freedom, and show that an oscillatory voltage profile can significantly delay the onset of the rotational side pull-in instability. The result is facilitated by a simplified capacitance model that restricts the rotation to be small, but allows the translation to be large. The model further assumes that mechanical restoring forces are provided by linear springs, with the rotational spring much stiffer than the translational spring. Under these assumptions, translation and rotation are coupled only by the common input. Choosing the drive voltage to be a periodic puts the rotational dynamics in the form of Hill's equation. The input is restricted to be a piecewise constant bilevel signal, and Floquet theory is applied to compute a map of stabilizing input parameters. The results are validated against hybrid finite-element/lumped parameter simulations, with excellent agreement.
Source location of air pollution and cardiac autonomic function: Trajectory cluster analysis for exposure assessment

Although many studies report that exposure to air pollution harms health, few have examined associations between pollution sources and health outcomes. We hypothesized that pollution originating in different locations has different associations with heart rate variability (HRV) among 497 men from the Normative Aging Study in Boston, Massachusetts. We identified the paths that air masses traveled ('back-trajectories') before arriving in Boston on the days the men were examined. Next, we classified these trajectories into six clusters. We examined whether the association of measured air pollutants with HRV (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals, high-frequency power (HF) and low-frequency power (LF), and LF/HF ratio) differed by cluster. We also examined whether the clusters alone (not considering air pollution measurements) showed different associations with HRV. The effects of black carbon (BC) on all HRV measures were strongest on days with southwest trajectories. Subjects who were examined on days where air parcels came from west had the strongest associations with ozone. All particle pollutants (particulate matter <2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), BC, and sulfates) were associated with increased LF/HF ratio on days with relatively short trajectories, which are related to local, slow-moving air masses. We also observed significant increases in LF/HF in days where air came from the northwest and west, compared to north trajectory days. Health effects associated with exposure to air pollution can be evaluated using pollutant concentrations as well as aspects of the pollution mixture captured by identifying locations where air masses originate. Independent effects of both these indicators of pollution exposure were seen on cardiac autonomic function.
A Metal−Organic Framework with Covalently Bound Organometallic Complexes

A procedure for making covalently linked organometallic complexes within the pores of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) has been described. An N-heterocyclic carbene precursor containing link L0 was prepared and then constructed into a MOF-5-type structure (IRMOF-76). Attempts to produce covalently bound organometallic complexes in IRMOF-76 were unsuccessful. An alternative way of linking the first metalated link, L1, into the desired metalated MOF structure, IRMOF-77, was successful. IRMOF-76 and -77 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray studies. Demonstration of permanent porosity and successful substitution of the pyridine coligand in IRMOF-77 are also described.
The reaction of N-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione with tetracyclopropylethylene. Formation of an unusual meso-ionic product and its rearrangement to the diazetidine.

The reaction of N-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione and tetracyclopropylethylene results in the quantitative formation of a meso-ionic compound. The formation of this unusual compound is likely the result of the unique conformational and steric properties of the cyclopropyl groups which inhibit the expected reaction pathways. The meso-ionic compound undergoes an unprecedented rearrangement to the diazetidine upon warming to 55 °C.
Self-healing inside a scratch of oxetane-substituted chitosan-polyurethane (OXE-CHI-PUR) networks

These studies elucidate the origin of molecular and macroscopic processes of oxetane-substituted chitosan-polyurethane (OXE-CHI-PUR) crosslinked networks that occur inside a mechanically generated scratch during UV-initiated self-repair. The role of each network component, OXE, CHI, PUR, and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL), inside the scratch of the OXE-CHI-PUR damaged network is determined using chemical and thermo-mechanical imaging probes. These studies show that the presence of controlled acidic environments determines whether self-healing will occur or not. The network remodeling during UV initiated repair involves activation of dormant oxonium ions that react with accessible and reactive macromolecular ends resulting from mechanical damage. Precisely controlled stoichiometry of the individual components giving pH = 6.8 induce cationic OXE ring opening as well as polyurea-to-polyurethane (PUA-to-PUR) conversions driven by a free radical process. This is accompanied by chair-to-boat conformational changes of glycosine units of CHI moieties. These orchestrated events trigger intra- and intermolecular crosslinking reactions resulting in self-repair via –C–O–C– bond formation. Deviations towards higher acidity will have adverse effects, and instead of repair, expansion of the scratch will occur. Upon mechanical damage, the glass transition temperature (Tg) inside the surface of the scratch diminishes, but upon repair a scar is formed, and the Tg is recovered. The scratch recovery during self-repair reactions is initiated at the lowest point of the scratch that exhibits the highest surface energy, thus forcing fragmented network components to flow to the top to form a scar. These studies show that minute localized chemical changes within a network have a tremendous impact on network rearrangements during repair processes.
Model-Based Closed-Loop Testing of Implantable Pacemakers

The increasing complexity of software in implantable medical devices such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators accounts for over 40% of device recalls. Testing remains the principal means of verification in the medical device certification regime. Traditional software test generation techniques, where the tests are generated independently of the operational environment, are not effective as the device must be tested within the context of the patient's condition and the current state of the heart. It is necessary for the testing system to observe the system state and conditionally generate the next input to advance the purpose of the test. To this effect, a set of general and patient condition-specific temporal requirements is specified for the closed-loop heart and pacemaker system. Based on these requirements, we describe a closed-loop testing environment between a timed automata-based heart model and a pacemaker. This allows for interactive and physiologically relevant model-based test generation for basic pacemaker device operations such as maintaining the heart rate and a trial-ventricle synchrony. We also demonstrate the flexibility and efficacy of the testing environment for more complex common timing anomalies such as reentry circuits, pacemaker mode switch operation and pacemaker-mediated tachycardia. This system is a step toward a testing approach for medical cyber-physical systems with the patient-in-the-loop.
The relationship between two consequences of budgetary controls: budgetary slack creation and managerial short-term orientation

Previous studies have provided contradictory evidence with respect to the eAect of rigid budgetary controls on slack and other dysfunctional behaviors. One motivation for the current study was to test whether spillover eAects exist between two alleged dysfunctional consequences of a rigid budgetary control style: budget slack creation and managerial short-term orientation. The data support this contention: reducing one form of dysfunctional behavior (slack creation) through rigid controls seems to spill over into another form (stronger management focus on business matters that aAect short-term results). However, the budgetary control styles that organizations implement, as well as the behaviors that they encourage, may be aAected by two important antecedents: business unit past performance and competitive strategy. The results indicate that business units that either pursue a diAerentiation strategy or have been more profitable are subject to less rigid budgetary controls, which augment the propensity to build slack as well as the tendency for managers to think long-term. These relationships are tested in a structural equation model on survey data obtained from 153 business unit general managers. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Multilayer Ceramic Multichip Module

The increased performance and circuit/bit densities of today's semiconductor chips require corresponding technological advancements in chip packaging. More interconnections and increased heat dissipation must be accommodated in a package compatible with the higher performance of these chips. In the packaging approach described, increased package performance and reliability were achieved by the use of a multilayered ceramic substrate upon which nine chips can be mounted. Conductors for ground, signal, and power lines are interlayered in the ceramic with connections to the top surfaces and to pins at the bottom surface for connection to external circuitry. This multilayer multichip module significantly advances the state of the art; it provides higher circuit density and performance with a ten-fold increase in circuit density over previous logic systems hardware.
Non-intersection of trajectories in qualitative phase space: a global constraint for qualitative simulation

The QSIM algorithm is useful for predicting the possible qualitative behaviors of a system, given a qualitative differential equation (QDE) describing its structure and an initial state. Although QSIM is guaranteed to predict all real possibilities, it may also predict spurious behaviors which, if uncontrolled, can lead to an intractably branching tree of behaviors. Prediction of spurious behaviors is due to an interaction between the qualitative level of description and the local state-to-state perspective on the behavior taken by the algorithm. In this paper, we describe the non-intersection constraint, which embodies the requirement that a trajectory in phase space cannot intersect itself. We develop a criterion for applying it to all second order systems. It eliminates a major source of spurious predictions. Using it with the curvature constraint tightens simulation to the point where system-specific constraints can be applied more effectively. We demonstrate this on damped oscillatory systems with potentially nonlinear mono-tonic restoring force and damping terms. Its introduction represents significant progress towards tightening QSIM simulation.
Performance Analysis and Optimization on the UCLA Parallel Atmospheric General Circulation Model Code

An analysis is presented of the primary factors influencing the performance of a parallel implementation of the UCLA atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) on distributed-memory, massively parallel computer systems. Several modifications to the original parallel AGCM code aimed at improving its numerical efficiency, load-balance and single-node code performance are discussed. The impact of these optimization strategies on the performance on two of the state-of-the-art parallel computers, the Intel Paragon and Cray T3D, is presented and analyzed. It is found that implementation of a load-balanced FFT algorithm results in a reduction in overall execution time of approximately 45% compared to the original convolution-based algorithm. Preliminary results of the application of a load-balancing scheme for the Physics part of the AGCM code suggest additional reductions in execution time of 10-15% can be achieved. Finally, several strategies for improving the single-node performance of the code are presented, and the results obtained thus far suggest reductions in execution time in the range of 25-35% are possible.
Guests and ghosts begone-guest authorship and ghostwriting and the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.

Publication in peer-reviewed journals is the “coin” of the academic realm. Faculty who publish extensively are more quickly and easily promoted. They also establish reputations in their area of expertise resulting in national and international recognition. This leads to speaking engagements and better credentials for research grant applications. For physicians, patient care volume may increase as a consequence of being perceived as an expert in their field of practice. All of these outcomes are considered benefits of publication in medical journals. How ever, with authorship comes accountability for the contents of the publication. Authorship accountability cannot occur if the author has contributed little or nothing to the intellectual content of the paper. In a recent disturbing case study of industry documents from the rofecoxib litigation, Ross et al 1 highlight a systematic practice in a large pharamaceutical firm whereby manuscripts were prepared by or for the sponsor, and lead authorship attributed to an academic physician who had little or no input into the intellectual content of the document. Compelling evidence was presented that manuscripts were prepared by the sponsor or a 3 rd party hired by the sponsor, and then authors
Response Dynamics and Tilt versus Translation Discrimination in Parietoinsular Vestibular Cortex

The parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) is a large area in the lateral sulcus with neurons that respond to vestibular stimulation. Here we compare the properties of PIVC cells with those of neurons in brain stem, cerebellum, and thalamus. Most PIVC cells modulated during both translational and rotational head motion. Translation acceleration gains showed a modest decrease as stimulus frequency increased, with a steeper slope than that reported previously for thalamic and cerebellar nuclei neurons. Response dynamics during yaw rotation were similar to those reported for vestibular neurons in brain stem and thalamus: velocity gains were relatively flat through the mid-frequency range, increased at high frequencies, and decreased at low frequencies. Tilt dynamics were more variable: PIVC neurons responsive only to rotation had gains that decreased with increased frequency, whereas neurons responsive during both translation and rotation (convergent neurons) actually increased their modulation magnitude at high frequencies. Using combinations of translation and tilt, most PIVC neurons were better correlated with translational motion; only 14% were better correlated with net acceleration. Thus, although yaw rotation responses in PIVC appear little processed compared with other central vestibular neurons, translation and tilt responses suggest a further processing of linear acceleration signals in thalamocortical circuits.
Broiler embryo bone development is influenced by incubator temperature, oxygen concentration and eggshell conductance at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption.

1. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature (TEM) and oxygen (O2) concentrations during the last 4 d of incubation on bone development. Fertile eggs from two strains were obtained that either exhibited Low or High eggshell conductance (G). 1The mention of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement of the products mentioned nor criticism of similar products not mentioned. 2. Four experimental cabinets provided either four TEM (36, 37, 38 or 39°C) or four O2 concentrations (17, 19, 21 or 23% O2). Data were analysed as a 2 × 2 factorial design. In the fourth experiment, two temperatures (36 and 39°C), two O2 concentrations (17 and 23%) and the same Low and High G strains were evaluated in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. 3. Body weights (BW) and residual yolks were obtained, both legs were dissected. Femur, tibia and shank weights, length and thickness were recorded. Relative asymmetry (RA) of each leg section was calculated. 4. The results indicated that elevated T...
Geodetic contribution helped validate plate tectonics

Direct measurements of contemporary plate motion rates by geodesists are generally acknowledged as having been essential for confirming plate tectonic theory. For example, in Oreskes [2001], Tanya Atwater attests that “The real test of plate motions, however, required that we measure the ongoing motions of the plate interiors, far from any plate boundary complications. Global-scale measurements of relative positions on the Earth's surface became possible in the latter decades of the 20th century through the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) program. Repeat measurements of locations over the decades have given us the wonderful and reassuring result that the movements of the rigid plate interiors during the past few decades have been the same as the motions over millions of years, that is, motions we had deduced from the magnetic anomalies!”
Recursive convolution and discrete time domain simulation of lossy coupled transmission lines

Recursive convolution has been used in conjunction with rational function approximation to significantly improve the efficiency of the transient analysis of lossy coupled transmission lines. However, the algorithm has been mainly limited to distinct real poles. This paper presents a general algorithm for recursive convolution that includes complex conjugate pole pairs and high order real poles. These cases arise in the computation of the rational function approximations for lossy coupled transmission lines. >
Transient Cerebral Ischemic Attacks Associated With Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

The case histories are given of 12 patients who had transient cerebral attacks in association with subacute bacterial endocarditis. The attacks are similar to those that accompany atherosclerotic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. All patients had manifestations of general illness, particularly fever, malaise, and elevated sedimentation rate. Subsequently, cerebral infarcts occurred in three patients and cerebral hemorrhages in four patients. A definite relationship between anticoagulant therapy and hemorrhage could not be established.
Relationship Churning in Emerging Adulthood: On/Off Relationships and Sex with an Ex.

We build on the emerging adulthood literature to examine two forms of relationship instability, reconciliations and sex with an ex; we term these forms of relationship churning. Analyzing recent da...
Hypothermia in trauma patients: predicting the big chill

Physicians commonly ignore hypothermia, an often-underappreciated event associated with mortality in trauma patients, in general due to its prevalence and belief that it is secondary to the injury itself (secondary hypothermia). Over the past several decades, hypothermia in trauma has been studied concerning its effects on mortality; however, very little has been done to identify the major risk factors associated with it. The study by Lapostolle and colleagues has attempted to incorporate environmental risk factors and prehospital care along with more traditional variables for the prediction of hypothermia at admission.
Empirical Legal Scholarship in Law Reviews

Despite persistent calls for more empirical legal scholarship, only recently have scholars provided evidence that empirical legal scholarship has indeed entered the mainstream of the legal academy. Defining empirical scholarship as the systematic organization of a series of observations with the method of data collection and analysis made available to the audience, we analyzed the content of 60 law review volumes published in the years 1998 and 2008. Our content analysis revealed that by 2008 nearly half of law review articles included some empirical content. Production of original research is less common. The highest-ranked law reviews published more articles and included more complex research designs. Analyzing the benefits and costs of publishing in law reviews, we predict that law reviews will see more original empirical scholarship in the future, despite the increased availability of peer-reviewed publication outlets.
Mythical ages and methodological strictures — Joan Robinson’s contributions to the theory of economic growth

This paper considers some methodological aspects of Joan Robinson’s contribution to post-Keynesian growth theory. Joan Robinson’s criticisms of equilibrium analysis, of the conflation of logical and historical time and of the uses (and misuses) of mathematical formalisation are scathing. But while many of her points are well taken, parts of her argument appear questionable. As a result, her methodological critique of equilibrium economics may be misleading. Moreover, she failed to appreciate the potential gains from mathematical formalisation. The further development of a Robinsonian analysis of economic growth calls for a reconsideration of these aspects of her legacy.
Predictors of quality of life ratings for persons with dementia simultaneously reported by patients and their caregivers: the Cache County (Utah) Study.

Background Quality of Life (QOL) is frequently assessed in persons with dementia (PWD) via self- and/or proxy-report. Determinants of QOL ratings are multi-dimensional and may differ between patients and caregiver proxies. This study compares self-report and proxy QOL ratings in a population-based study of PWD and their caregivers, and examined the extent to which discrepancies in reports were associated with characteristics of the PWD.
Lithostratigraphy of Cincinnatian Series (Upper Ordovician) in Southeastern Indiana: GEOLOGICAL NOTES

Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Cincinnatian Series in southeastern Indiana is revised on a basis of lithologic criteria. The Cincinnatian Series consists of a complex of intertonguing rock types that is here divided into four formations, in ascending order: Kope, Dillsboro (new), Saluda, and Whitewater Formations.
Multicenter prospective longitudinal study of magnetic resonance biomarkers in a large duchenne muscular dystrophy cohort.

Objective The aim of this study was to describe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) disease progression in the lower extremity muscles over 12 months using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers, collected across three sites in a large cohort. Methods A total of 109 ambulatory boys with DMD (8.7 ± 2.0 years; range, 5.0–12.9) completed baseline and 1-year follow-up quantitative MR imaging (transverse relaxation time constant; MRI-T2), MR spectroscopy (fat fraction and 1H2O T2), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) measurements. A subset of boys completed additional measurements after 3 or 6 months. Results MRI-T2 and fat fraction increased significantly over 12 months in all age groups, including in 5- to 6.9-year-old boys. Significant increases in vastus lateralis (VL) fat fraction were observed in 3 and 6 months. Even in boys whose 6MWT performance improved or remained stable over 1 year, significant increases in MRI-T2 and fat fraction were found. Of all the muscles examined, the VL and biceps femoris long head were the most responsive to disease progression in boys with DMD. Interpretation MR biomarkers are responsive to disease progression in 5- to 12.9-year-old boys with DMD and able to detect subclinical disease progression in DMD, even within short (3–6 months) time periods. The measured sensitivity of MR biomarkers in this multicenter study may be critically important to future clinical trials, allowing for smaller sample sizes and/or shorter study windows in this fatal rare disease. Ann Neurol 2016;79:535–547
Catalytic Ni(II) in Reactions of SmI2: Sm(II)- or Ni(0)-Based Chemistry?

The addition of catalytic amounts of Ni(II) salts provide enhanced reactivity and selectivity in numerous reactions of SmI2, but the mechanistic basis for their effect is unknown. We report spectroscopic and kinetic studies on the mechanistic role of catalytic Ni(II) in the samarium Barbier reaction. The mechanistic studies presented herein show that the samarium Barbier reaction containing catalytic amounts of Ni(II) salts is driven solely by the reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(0) in a rate-limiting step. Once formed, Ni(0) inserts into the alkyl halide bond through oxidative addition to produce an organonickel species. During the reaction, the formation of colloidal Ni(0) occurs concomitantly with Ni(0) oxidative addition as an unproductive process. Overall, this study shows that a reaction thought to be driven by the unique features of SmI2 is in fact a result of known Ni(0) chemistry.
Family Income Reported in Surveys: Husbands versus Wives:

Identical interviews with 645 husbands and wives provided an opportunity to examine agreement between spouses on reporting annual family income. Three-fifths of the pairs reported the same income, ...
ORNL hosts the participants of the 4th Neutrons in Structural Biology Workshop and the IMAGINE single crystal neutron diffractometer first external users

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) hosted the fourth workshop on the applications of neutron scattering in structural biology during June 24–28, 2013. Since the inaugural event in 2010, the works...
Virus-Mediated Knockdown of Nav1.3 in Dorsal Root Ganglia of STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Alleviates Tactile Allodynia

Diabetic neuropathic pain affects a substantial number of people and represents a major public health problem. Available clinical treatments for diabetic neuropathic pain remain only partially effective and many of these treatments carry the burden of side effects or the risk of dependence. The misexpression of sodium channels within nociceptive neurons contributes to abnormal electrical activity associated with neuropathic pain. Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.3 produces tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents with rapid repriming kinetics and has been shown to contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability and ectopic firing in injured neurons. Suppression of Nav1.3 activity can attenuate neuropathic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury. Previous studies have shown that expression of Nav1.3 is upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of diabetic rats that exhibit neuropathic pain. Here, we hypothesized that viral-mediated knockdown of Nav1.3 in painful diabetic neuropathy would reduce neuropathic pain. We used a validated recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-shRNA-Nav1.3 vector to knockdown expression of Nav1.3, via a clinically applicable intrathecal injection method. Three weeks following vector administration, we observed a significant rate of transduction in DRGs of diabetic rats that concomitantly reduced neuronal excitability of dorsal horn neurons and reduced behavioral evidence of tactile allodynia. Taken together, these findings offer a novel gene therapy approach for addressing chronic diabetic neuropathic pain.
Well Differentiated Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma: Significance of Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic Acid Patterns Studied by Flow Cytometry

Abstract: Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy was determined in 206 samples of well differentiated clear cell renal carcinoma via a previously described technique on paraffin-embedded archival material Grade 2 tumors had a higher incidence of abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid patterns than grade 1 tumors. Of stage 1 well differentiated clear cell renal tumors 60 per cent had a normal deoxyribonucleic acid histogram pattern, whereas 67 per cent of higher stage tumors had an abnormal pattern. The existence of abnormal nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid histogram patterns in the primary tumor tissue had a significant correlation with subsequent development of metastatic disease, independent of tumor grade and stage. The 10-year actuarial survival rate was 62 per cent for patients with normal deoxyribonucleic acid histograms and 37 per cent for patients with abnormal patterns. These results demonstrate that nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy measured by flow cytometry is an important variable in the classification...
Real-time renal sonography in spinal cord injury patients: prospective comparison with excretory urography.

AbstractA prospective blinded comparison of real-time renal sonography and excretory urography was done in 202 urologically asymptomatic patients with spinal cord injury who underwent periodic evaluation. Sonography identified 31 of 31 renal masses (100 per cent) (30 cysts and 1 xanthogran-ulomatous pyelonephritis), whereas excretory urography identified 14 of 31 masses (45 per cent). Of the 398 kidneys evaluated hydronephrosis owing to an obstructive etiology was noted in 7, all of which (100 per cent) were identified on excretory urography and 6 (86 per cent) were identified on sonography. Only 12 of the 48 kidneys (25 per cent) with typical changes of chronic pyelonephritis on excretory urography were diagnosed correctly by ultrasound. Sonography identified 18 of 23 kidneys (78 per cent) with calculi compared to 20 of 23 (87 per cent) by excretory urography. Although 127 abnormalities were noted in 202 patients, only 21 dictated a change in management. Thirteen abnormalities were visible on a plain fil...
Messages from forgotten friends: classic cell adhesion molecules inhibit regeneration too.

A necessary step toward complete functional recovery after spinal cord injury is the regeneration of axons. Axon regrowth after injury is prevented by a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this issue of The EMBO Journal , Huang et al (2016) demonstrate that the cell adhesion molecule NB‐3 (CNTN6) functions as a major brake on axon regrowth when it is activated by NB‐3 from scar‐forming cells at the injury site. Disruption of this NB‐3 trans ‐cellular signaling led to impressive axon regrowth after spinal cord transection.
Analysis of Gear Tooth Performance of Mechanically-Coupled, Outer-Rotor Polysilicon Micromotors

This paper focuses on specific design of gear teeth for micromotors, as well as performance evaluation of the coupled micromotors both in air and using different lubricants. Two basic types of gear teeth, as described in Tables 1 and 2, have been studied to evaluate their appropriateness for mechanical coupling of outer-rotor micromotors: involute shaped teeth and cycloidal shaped teeth. These tooth profiles have been chosen since the contact between teeth of mating gears has pure rolling motion at the pitch line (involute shaped teeth) or pitch circle (cycloidal shaped teeth) [1]. Figure I shows SEM photos of two pairs of coupled 75 µm micromotors, and Figure 2 shows SEM photos of typical involute and cycloidal gear teeth after fabrication and release.
Pseudobulbar Palsy and Macrogyria

Four patients with medically intractable epilepsy, pseudobulbar palsy and mental retardation and found to have bilateral central macrogyria on CT and MRI are reported from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada; and the Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul Ramsey Hospital, St. Paul, MN.