cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of reversible bidirectional social approach bias by olfactory conditioning in male mice

ABSTRACTSocial avoidance is a common component of neuropsychiatric disorders that confers substantial functional impairment. An unbiased approach to identify brain regions and neuronal circuits tha...
A Randomized Trial of Complications of Peripherally and Centrally Inserted Central Lines in the Neuro-Intensive Care Unit: Results of the NSPVC Trial

The objective of this study was to compare the relative number of complications from peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC) and centrally inserted central venous catheters (CVC) in the neuroscience intensive care unit (NSICU). This study was carried out in a 32-bed NSICU in a large academic hospital in the USA from July 2015 until January 2017. Patients admitted requiring central venous access were randomly assigned to have a PICC or CVC inserted. Complications were recorded and compared. The primary outcome was all complications as well as combined numbers of large vein thrombosis, central-line-associated blood stream infections, and insertional trauma. Outcomes were compared using the Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression, or unpaired T tests, as appropriate. One hundred and fifty-two patients were enrolled; 72 were randomized to the PICC arm and 80 to the CVC arm. There were no crossovers, withdrawals, nor losses to follow-up. The study was stopped at the second pre-planned interim analysis for futility. The combined number of large vein thrombosis, central-line-associated blood stream infection, and insertional trauma was 4/72 in the PICC arm and 1/80 in the CVC group (OR 4.6 (95% CI 0.5–42.6) p = 0.14). The number of all complications in the PICC arm was 14/72 compared to 10/80 in the CVC arm (OR 1.7 (95% CI 0.7–4.1) p = 0.24). PICCs and CVCs have similar numbers of complications when placed in patients admitted to the NSICU.
Association of Liver Fibrosis With Cardiovascular Diseases in the General Population: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Background— The association of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with liver fibrosis is poorly understood. We aim to assess the association of liver fibrosis by T1-mapping magnetic resonance imaging and CVD in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). Methods and Results— MESA enrolled 6814 participants free of clinical CVD at baseline (2000–2002). A subsample of participants underwent T1-mapping magnetic resonance imaging 10 years after the baseline (Y10 MESA exam, 2010–2012). Liver T1 maps were generated avoiding vessels and biliary ducts from which native T1 (n=2087) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV, n=1234) were determined. Higher ECV and native T1 were indicators of liver fibrosis. Linear regression analysis evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between liver native T1 and ECV at Y10 MESA exam with a history of CVD events (atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and coronary heart disease [CHD]). Of the 2087 participants (68.7±9.1 years; 46% females), 153 had prior CVD events (78 atrial fibrillation, 25 heart failure, and 78 CHD). History of CVD events was associated with 18.5 ms higher liver native T1 ( P P =0.06). Prior atrial fibrillation was related to higher liver native T1 (β=21.1; P =0.001) and greater ECV (β=2.2; P =0.02), whereas previous heart failure was associated with greater liver ECV (β=4.1; P =0.02). There was also a relationship of prior CHD with liver native T1 (β=13; P =0.05) and ECV (β=1.9; P =0.05), which was attenuated by adjustment for coronary artery calcium score (β=7.1 and 1.6; P =0.37 and 0.13, respectively). Conclusions— Liver fibrosis by T1-mapping magnetic resonance imaging is associated with history of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and CHD in a multiethnic cohort. The association of liver fibrosis and CHD is at least in part mediated by atherosclerosis.
Integrated pan-cancer gene expression and drug sensitivity analysis reveals SLFN11 mRNA as a solid tumor biomarker predictive of sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapy.

Background Precision oncology seeks to integrate multiple layers of data from a patient's cancer to effectively tailor therapy. Conventional chemotherapies are sometimes effective but accompanied by adverse events, warranting the identification of a biomarker of chemosensitivity. Objective Identify an mRNA biomarker that predicts chemosensitivity across solid tumor subtypes. Methods We performed a pan-solid tumor analysis integrating gene expression and drug sensitivity profiles from 3 cancer cell line datasets to identify transcripts correlated with sensitivity to a panel of chemotherapeutics. We then tested the ability of an mRNA biomarker to predictive clinical outcomes in cohorts of patients with breast, lung, or ovarian cancer. Results Expression levels of several mRNA transcripts were significantly correlated with sensitivity or resistance chemotherapeutics in cancer cell line datasets. The only mRNA transcript significantly correlated with sensitization to multiple classes of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics in all 3 cell line datasets was encoded by Schlafen Family Member 11 (SLFN11). Analyses of multiple breast, lung, and ovarian cancer patient cohorts treated with chemotherapy confirmed SLFN11 mRNA expression as a predictive biomarker of longer overall survival and improved tumor response. Conclusions Tumor SLFN11 mRNA expression is a biomarker of sensitivity to an array of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics across solid tumor subtypes.
3D refractive index tomography with quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy

We have recently developed quantitative oblique back-illumination microscopy (qOBM), which enables full-field quantitative phase imaging (QPI) of objects embedded in a thick scattering medium. This epi-mode technique makes use of multiple scattering as a source of transmissive illumination from within, allowing for rich structural detail based on optical path delay. We now produce quantitative 3D renderings of index of refraction with sub- cellular detail by computing a 3D transfer function of the entire optical system, including the multiply scattered illumination, and deconvolving it from a vertical stack of phase gradient contrast images. This approach allows truly non-invasive, label-free, tomographic quantitative reconstructions if index of refraction in thick scattering samples including thick tissue samples, at low cost and with simple operation, bringing QPI’s unparalleled access to sub-cellular structural detail to previously unavailable domains of investigation.
Assessing agriculture conservation practice impacts on groundwater levels at watershed scale

Over the last several decades, increased groundwater usage by agriculture with a consequence of groundwater resource depletion has motivated the discussion of sustainability of groundwater resource. In this study, to investigate the impacts of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) on groundwater level, two kinds of conservation practices and five scenarios of tail water recovery pond and crop rotation were simulated by various groundwater recharge and pumping plans in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and MODFLOW models in an agriculture watershed in Mississippi, U.S.. The calibrated and validated ground water model indicated coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.81 and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.79 respectively. The results from this study showed that the groundwater recharge changed with irrigation plans and surface hydrological impact of management practices. In addition, it determined that tail water recovery pond could help mitigate groundwater depletion. The groundwater recharge due to continuous corn crop scenario was 7% higher in average than that of the continuous soybean. Non-growing season groundwater recharge may be critical for groundwater recovery. The average groundwater level was increased continuous corn scenario by 15%, continuous soybean by 13%, and corn-soybean by 14% as compare to the baseline scenario with rice planted. Results of this study can be helpful for planning on how various BMPs impact on groundwater.
Secondary open-angle glaucoma and serous macular detachment associated with pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract Purpose We describe a patient with secondary open-angle glaucoma and serous macular detachment associated with pulmonary hypertension. Observations A 59 year-old male with pulmonary hypertension presented with vision loss and was noted to have bilateral engorged epibulbar vessels, blood in Schlemm's canal, elevated intraocular pressure, retinal venous tortuosity and serous retinal detachments. Enhanced depth optical coherence tomography (ED-OCT) showed bilateral serous macular detachments with marked choroidal thickening. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography revealed choroidal vascular congestion and engorgement. Improvement of subretinal fluid was achieved with systemic control of his venous hypertension, and the intraocular pressure responded to medical anti-glaucoma therapy. Conclusions Pulmonary hypertension may be associated with secondary open-angle glaucoma, choroidal engorgement and serous macular detachment, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elevated episcleral venous pressure. Management of ocular complications is challenging and requires a multi-disciplinary approach.
Does parent engagement enhance children’s emotional well-being in family team conference? Not a panacea for families with intimate partner violence

Abstract In child welfare, the Family Team Conference (FTC) model is designed to develop an individualized case plan to promote children’s safety, permanency, and well-being through active parent engagement and community partnerships. However, no consensus has emerged regarding whether FTC is beneficial for families with Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). This study examined the role of IPV in the association between parent engagement in FTC and children’s emotional well-being. Results showed that children’s emotional well-being significantly increased when both parents engaged actively in FTC as equal partners who played a leading role in collaborative decision-making. Although IPV was not directly associated with children’s emotional well-being, it significantly moderated the positive association between parent engagement in FTC and children’s emotional well-being. More specifically, active parent engagement did not significantly enhance children’s emotional well-being when parents experienced IPV. Findings suggest that careful preparation and effective strategies to address IPV are required to ensure parents’ active engagement in FTC and enhance children’s emotional well-being. Strong partnerships among families, child welfare caseworkers, and service providers are critical for developing safety and support plans for families with IPV during FTC utilization.
Orthotopic liver transplantation for adults with Alagille syndrome

Arnon R, Annunziato R, Schiano T, Miloh T, Baisley M, Sogawa H, Contreras AG, Lee S, Kerkar N. Orthotopic liver transplantation for adults with Alagille syndrome. Clin Transplant 2011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2011.01574.x. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Introduction: Alagille syndrome (AGS) is an inherited multisystem disorder, and liver transplantation (LT) may be required in pediatric patients with AGS (P-AGS). There are limited data regarding the outcomes of LT in adults with AGS (A-AGS). Aim: To determine and compare the outcomes of LT in A-AGS vs. P-AGS as well as A-AGS vs. adults with biliary atresia (A-BA). Methods: Adults (>18 yr), with AGS and BA, and children (≤18 yr), with AGS who underwent isolated first LT between 10/1987 and 5/2008, were identified from the UNOS database. Results: Forty-four of 79 400 adults transplanted for AGS were compared with 407 P-AGS and 56 A-BA, respectively. A-AGS patients had a significantly higher rate of encephalopathy, lower serum albumin, and higher serum creatinine in comparison with P-AGS. One- and five-yr patient and graft survival in A-AGS who underwent LT were not significantly different in comparison with either P-AGS or A-BA (A-AGS patient survival: 95.5%, 90.9%, P-AGS: 88. 7%, 86.2%, A-BA: 89.3%, 87.5%; A-AGS graft survival: 84.1%, 79. 5%, P-AGS: 80.3%, 76%. 1%, A-BA: 82.1%, 78.6%, respectively). Conclusion: The outcome of first LT in A-AGS is excellent compared with the overall reported adult patient and graft survival. Although A-AGS were sicker than P-AGS at transplant, their outcomes were comparable with that of P-AGS.
The corporate board and special interests: An argument against representation

Abstract Corporations are under pressure from special interest groups to place representatives of these interests on their boards of directors. While many businesses have not been as responsive to their total environment as they might be, the answer is not special interest representation on boards. Such action can divert boards from their central role of acting in the long-range interests of the corporation. There are better ways to meet the problems involved. Yet there is something to be said for a departure from excessive reliance on toplevel business experience as a qualification for board members to assure that all environmental forces are considered, and for doing more to inform the public that the corporation is indeed responsive.
Which road will you take [motor testing]

This paper deals with the importance of using motor circuit analysis when testing motors. Testing with a volt ohmmeter and an insulation to ground tester is not giving the full condition of the motor.
Advance care directives and end of life decisions: An educational module

Abstract Discussions about end of life care can be difficult for patients and practitioners. Numerous studies have demonstrated that dying patients often receive care that does not address their suffering adequately, partly due to inadequate physician-patient communication. An educational module was developed for graduate medical residents about the care of dying patients to improve their communication skills, particularly in the area of end of life discussions with patients. The module contains, didactic material as well as exercises to provide the teacher and learners with a framework to explore personal and patient values, and how those values relate to medical decision making. Portions of. the module have also been utilized at seminars for social workers and nurses.
Burnout among psychiatrists in the Veterans Health Administration

Abstract Research suggests that mental health workers are at high risk for burnout, and that burnout can increase staff turnover and reduce quality of care. The Veterans Administration (VA) employs over 3000 psychiatrists across the United States, but little is known about burnout in this population. This study was conducted to examine predictors of burnout and intent to leave the VA among a national sample of VA psychiatrists. Participants ( N = 125) responded to an anonymous online survey. Regression analyses were used to examine relationships between workplace variables, patient characteristics, and burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey – which includes sub-scales for cynicism, exhaustion, and professional efficacy – as well as intent to leave the VA. Based on established cut-off scores, 90% of the sample reported high cynicism, 86% reported high exhaustion, and 74% reported high professional efficacy. High cynicism predicted the intent to leave the VA ( p = .004). Not feeling part of a coherent team predicted greater cynicism ( p = .01), and patient characteristics such as suspected malingering showed a positive trend with cynicism ( p = .05). Workplace characteristics such as unfair treatment by supervisors ( p = .03) and insufficient resources ( p = .001) predicted greater exhaustion. The current findings suggest that burnout is prevalent in the VA psychiatry workforce. Specific administrative measures to reduce burnout may have potential to improve the emotional health of that workforce and ensure high quality of care for the veteran population it serves. The size of both the VA psychiatry workforce and patient population underscores the importance of greater understanding of burnout as it occurs in the VA.
CYP2E1 potentiation of LPS and TNFα-induced hepatotoxicity by mechanisms involving enhanced oxidative and nitrosative stress, activation of MAP kinases, and mitochondrial dysfunction

The mechanisms by which alcohol causes cell injury are not clear. A major mechanism that is the focus of considerable research is the role of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in alcohol toxicity. Many pathways have been suggested to play a role in how alcohol induces oxidative stress. Considerable attention has been given to alcohol-elevated production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFα and to alcohol induction of CYP2E1. These two pathways are not exclusive of each other, however, associations and interactions between them, especially in vivo, have not been extensively evaluated. We have shown that increased oxidative stress from induction of CYP2E1 in vivo sensitizes hepatocytes to LPS and TNF toxicity and that oxidants, such as peroxynitrite, activation of p38 and JNK MAP kinases, inactivation of NF-kB protective pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction are downstream mediators of this CYP2E1-LPS/TNF potentiated hepatotoxicity. This review will summarize studies showing potentiated interactions between these two risk factors in promoting liver injury and the mechanisms involved.
In vitro metabolism and interactions of pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, and permethrin in human plasma and liver microsomal enzymes

1. The in vitro human plasma activity and liver microsomal metabolism of pyridostigmine bromide (PB), a prophylactic treatment against organophosphate nerve agent attack, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), an insect repellent, and permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, either alone or in combination were investigated. 2. The three chemicals disappeared from plasma in the following order: permethrin > PB > DEET. The combined incubation of DEET with either permethrin or PB had no effect on permethrin or PB. Binary incubation with permethrin decreased the metabolism of PB and its disappearance from plasma and binary incubation with PB decreased the metabolism of permethrin and its clearance from plasma. Incubation with PB and/or permethrin shortened the DEET terminal half-life in plasma. These agents behaved similarly when studied in liver microsomal assays. The combined incubation of DEET with PB or permethrin (alone or in combination) diminished DEET metabolism in microsomal systems. 3. The present study evidences that PB and permethrin are metabolized by both human plasma and liver microsomal enzymes and that DEET is mainly metabolized by liver oxidase enzymes. Combined exposure to test chemicals increases their neurotoxicity by impeding the body's ability to eliminate them because of the competition for detoxifying enzymes.
Investigating bidentate and tridentate carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide ligand interactions with rare-earth elements using electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (QIT-MS) and collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) were used to evaluate the rare-earth binding properties of two hydrophobic carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) ligands, the normal bidentate variety, (t-BuC6H4)2P(O)CH2C(O)N(i-Bu)2 (A), a new potentially tridentate extractant, (t-BuC6H4)2P(O)CH[CH2C(O)N(i-Bu)2]C(O)N(i-Bu)2 (B), and tributyl phosphate. The mass spectral results obtained from analysis of 1% HNO3/methanol solution containing the ligands and dissolved lanthanide salts reveal that the favorable stoichiometries of the ligand/metal/nitrate complexes are 2:1:2 for the bidentate ligand A, 1:1:2 for the tridentate ligand B, and 3:1:2 for the monodentate tributyl phosphate. These observed stoichiometries correlate with the number of available binding sites on each ligand as well as with potential steric effects. Energy-variable collisionally activated dissociation experiments showed that for the 2:1:2 complexes involving liga...
Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of the rydberg transitions in benzene using synchrotron radiation

Abstract The magnetic circular dichroism of benzene vapor has been studied using synchrotron radiation with attention focused on the 3R', 3R', and 3R''' region. The data are consistent with assignments, 1 A tg → 1 A 2u , 1 E 1u for R, R', respectively, from π(e ig ) → n p excitations and support assignment of R', R''' to 1 A 1g → 1 E 1u transitions from π(e 1g ) → n f excitations.
Tendon reattachment to a metallic implant using an allogenic bone plate augmented with rhOP-1 vs. autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in a canine model

Functionality of endoprosthetic reconstruction may be improved through secure and lasting soft tissue reattachment directly to the metallic implant surface. Tendon reattachment to the metallic surface of a titanium implant (enhanced tendon anchor, ETA) using autogenous bone plate as an interpositional structure between the tendon and metal, augmented with autogenous bone chips and marrow, provided successful mechanical and functional outcome. However, preparation of the autogenous bone plate is not practical in a clinical setting, but application of an allogenic bone plate could be an alternative. The autogenous cancellous bone and marrow may also be substituted by bone growth factors so that no autogenous bone graft is required. We hypothesized that the reconstitution of the direct tendon-bone insertion morphology in tendon reattachment to metallic implant could be achieved using allogenic cancellous bone plate augmented with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow, and that the autogenous bone grafts could be replaced by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1). In two canine groups the supraspinatus tendon was reattached unilaterally to a modified ETA implant with a highly porous metallic surface known as Tritanium Dimensionalized Metal. Allogenic bone plates saturated with rhOP-1-collagen putty were used in the OP-1 (OP) group, while plates saturated with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow were used in the bone marrow (BM) group. Functional, radiographical, mechanical and histomorphological analysis results were compared between both groups. At 15 weeks, gait analysis showed 78% and 81% recovery of preoperative weight-bearing in OP and BM groups, respectively. The calcified area around the tendon in OP group was 5.2 times larger than that in BM group (p<0.001). The ultimate tensile strength of the reattachment was 24% and 38% of the intact contralateral side in OP and BM groups, respectively, without significant difference between them. There was evidence of tendon-bone insertion transitional zones, tissue ingrowth and adhesion to the metallic surface in both groups. In conclusion, the use of the allograft combined with rhOP-1 had a similar effect as combined with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in the tendon reattachment to the metallic surface.
A specific high-affinity binding macromolecule for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in fetal bone

Cytosol fractions were prepared from fetal rat or embryonic chick calvaria and analyzed for binding of vitamin D3 metabolites on sucrose density gradients. Both cytosol fractions contain a 3.5S macromolecule which specifically binds 1,25-dihydroxy-[3H]vitamin D3 and in addition, a 5 to 6S macromolecule which binds 25-hydroxy-[3H]vitamin D3. In rat calvaria cytosol, 1,25-dihydroxy-[3H]vitamin D3 also binds to the 5 to 6S macromolecule but appears to have greater affinity for the 3.5S component.
EVAPORATION OF VOLATILE LIQUIDS FROM AN OPEN-TOPPED, PARTIALLY FILLED CONTAINER TO AN AIR STREAM.

Experiments were performed to measure the evaporative mass transfer from a partially filled, slot-like container recessed in the floor of a flat rectangular duct through which turbulent air flow was passed. Toluene and cumene were used as the evaporating liquids, and systematic variations were made of the Reynolds number and of the distance between the top of the container and the surface of the evaporating liquid. The measured Sherwood numbers displayed unconventional dependences on both the Reynolds and Schmidt numbers as well as a complex dependence on the top-to-surface distance. Des experiences ont ete effectuees dans le but de mesurer le transfert de matiere par evaporation a partir d'un contenant en forme de fente partiellement rempli et installe sur le fond d'un conduit rectangulaire dans lequel on fait circuler un ecoulement turbulent d'air. On a utilise le toluene et le cumene comme liquide evapores et on a fait varier systematiquement le nombre de Reynolds ainsi que la distance entre le haut du contenant et la surface du liquide. Les nombres de Sherwood mesures dependent de facon imprevue des nombres de Reynolds et de Schmidt et, de facon complexe, de la distance entre le haut du contenant et la surface du liquide.
A biomimetic nanoelectronic neuron with enhanced spike timing

We present an electronic cortical neuron incorporating both active and passive dendritic properties. The circuit is simulated using a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor SPICE model. We demonstrate that our neuron can detect coincident spatiotemporal input, and transform this neural information into a precisely-timed output spike. We also demonstrate that a dendritic spike is key to enhance precisely-timed input-output transformation within an individual neuron; without a dendritic spike it would require more neurons to achieve the same level of precision. Our simulation results show reliable firing and improved precision of output spike when a dendritic spike is initiated.
JNK1: A protein kinase stimulated by UV light and Ha-Ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-Jun activation domain

Abstract The ultravlolet (UV) response of mammalian cells is characterized by a rapid and selective increase in gene expression mediated by AP-1 and NF- k B. The effect on AP-1 transcriptional activity results, in part, from enhanced phosphorylation of the c-Jun NH 2 -terminal activation domain. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of JNK1, a distant relative of the MAP kinase group that is activated by dual phosphorylation at Thr and Tyr during the UV response. Significantly, Ha-Ras partially activates JNK1 and potentiates the activation caused by UV. JNK1 binds to the c-Jun transactivation domain and phosphorylates it on Ser-63 and Ser-73. Thus, JNK1 is a component of a novel signal transduction pathway that is activated by oncoproteins and UV irradiation. These properties indicate that JNK1 activation may play an important role in tumor promotion.
Thermally induced morphological changes in PAT/PCBM bulk heterojunctions studied by time-resolved small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering

In polymer bulk heterojunctions (BHJs), the thermally induced phase separation between electron-donating and -accepting molecules is considered as a key process in determining the overall nano-morphology of the BHJ, which can limit the performance of the fully fabricated BHJ device. Although it is often understood that the spinodal decomposition or the constitutional solidification (crystallization) of polymer is the main mechanism for phase separation, there are still questions remained to be answered because the crystallization rate can be comparable to the kinetics of the spinodal decomposition when the BHJ is made of semicrystalline polymer and it is difficult to separate those mechanisms to establish fundamental principles. This study uses the in-situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering to collect the information on the crystallization of polymer in BHJs under thermal annealing and its phase separation at the same time. The data showed the faster diffusion of PCBM compared to the crystallization of the polymer in the BHJs and, in fact, the crystallization was strongly limited by the diffusivity of PCBM in the polymer.
Alterations in leukocyte adhesion molecule expression after burn injury

Objective : To determine if thermal injury alters the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. Design : This is a controlled experimental animal study. Materials and Methods : Partial thickness burns were created on the backs of New Zealand White rabbits. At 30 minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 24 hours after burn, skin was harvested for immunohistochemistry. Monoclonal antibodies were used to study changes in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, and leukocyte CDlla. Staining was graded on a scale of 0 to 4. Measurements and Main Results : ICAM-1 was significantly decreased at 24 hours after burn (p < 0.007, Wilcoxon signed rank test). CDlla was increased at 30 minutes (p < 0.02), 2 hours (p < 0.02), and 24 hours (p < 0.006). E-selectin was increased at 2 hours (p < 0.03). Conclusion : Thermal injury alters the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules.
Scale and Study of Student Attitudes Toward Business Education’s Role in Addressing Social Issues

Corporations and investors are responding to recent major ethical scandals with increased attention to the social impacts of business operations. In turn, business colleges and their international accrediting body are increasing their efforts to make students more aware of the social context of corporate activity. Business education literature lacks data on student attitudes toward such education. This study found that post-scandal business students, particularly women, are indeed interested in it. Their interest is positively related to their past donation, volunteerism, and non-profit organization membership activities, whether limited or extensive. Some evidence supports the proposition that education can modify internal principles over time. We offer suggestions for classroom and program uses of these findings in hopes of enriching the vision of future business managers.
Surface Charge—Induced Ordering of the Au(111) Surface

Synchrotron surface x-ray scattering (SXS) studies have been carried out at the Au(lll)/electrolyte interface to determine the influence of surface charge on the microscopic arrangement of gold surface atoms. At the electrochemical interface, the surface charge density can be continuously varied by controlling the applied potential. The top layer of gold atoms undergoes a reversible phase transition between the (1 x 1) bulk termination and a (23 x radical3) reconstructed phase on changing the electrode potential. In order to differentiate the respective roles of surface charge and adsorbates, studies were carried out in 0.1 M NaF, NaCl, and NaBr solutions. The phase transition occurs at an induced surface charge density of 0.07 +/- 0.02 electron per atom in all three solutions.
Ecological Disaster and Rhetorical Response: Exxon's Communications in the Wake of the Valdez Spill

On March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez struck a reef, releasing 11 million gallons of crude oil into Alaska's Prince William Sound. This study examines Exxon's communication efforts in the wake of that disaster and identifies communication practices on Exxon's part that damaged the corporation's credibility, antagonized the public, and contributed to the public perception of its corporate arrogance.
PGC-1-related Coactivator Complexes with HCF-1 and NRF-2β in Mediating NRF-2(GABP)-dependent Respiratory Gene Expression *

The PGC-1 family of regulated coactivators (PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and PRC) plays an important role in directing respiratory gene expression in response to environmental signals. Here, we show that PRC and PGC-1α differ in their interactions with nuclear hormone receptors but are highly similar in their direct binding to several nuclear transcription factors implicated in the expression of the respiratory chain. Surprisingly, neither coactivator binds NRF-2(GABP), a multisubunit transcriptional activator associated with the expression of many respiratory genes. However, the NRF-2 subunits and PRC are co-immunoprecipitated from cell extracts indicating that the two proteins exist in a complex in vivo. Several lines of evidence indicate that HCF-1 (host cell factor 1), a major chromatin component, mediates the association between PRC and NRF-2. Both PRC and NRF-2β bind HCF-1 in vitro, and the molecular determinants required for the interactions of each with HCF-1 are also required for PRC trans-activation through promoter-bound NRF-2. These determinants include a consensus HCF-1 binding site on PRC and the NRF-2 activation domain. In addition, PRC and NRF-2β can complex with HCF-1 in vivo, and all three associate with NRF-2-dependent nuclear genes that direct the expression of the mitochondrial transcription factors, TFB1M and TFB2M. Finally, short hairpin RNA-mediated knock down of PRC protein levels leads to reduced expression of TFB2M mRNA and mitochondrial transcripts for cytochrome oxidase II (COXII) and cytochrome b. These changes in gene expression coincide with a marked reduction in cytochrome oxidase activity. The results are consistent with a pathway whereby PRC regulates NRF-2-dependent genes through a multiprotein complex involving HCF-1.
What Does Breast Cancer Treatment Cost and What Is It Worth

The costs of breast cancer care are substantial and growing, and they extend across the spectrum of care. Medical therapies and hospitalizations account for a significant proportion of these costs. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is the preferred method for assessing the health benefits of medical interventions relative to their costs. Although many CEAs have been conducted for a wide range of breast cancer treatments, these analyses are not used routinely to guide coverage or utilization decisions in the United States. Currently, patients and providers may not consider costs when making most treatment decisions; this is likely to change as payment reform spreads.
Neutron irradiation and annealing studies of V3Ga

Abstract Studies of the effect of fast neutron irradiation ( E > 1 MeV , at 60°C) on the superconducting properties of V3Ga of compositions spanning the A15 phase field have shown that V3Ga exhibits an increasing susceptibility to damage with increasing Ga concentration. Annealing studies have shown that recovery from neutron damage occurs in two temperature ranges. Activation energies are estimated for these processes which are correlated with an unusual recovery of the lattice parameter. A simplified vacancy interstitial mechanism is proposed which could account for these results.
Comparing Brief and Extended Wait-Time during Small Group Instruction for Children with Challenging Behavior.

This preliminary study compared brief (1 s) and extended (4 s) wait-time on response opportunities, academic responses, accuracy, and disruptive behavior of two children with challenging behavior during small group instruction. Brief wait-time increased children’s response opportunities, academic responses, and accuracy in comparison to extended wait-time. Though variable, brief wait-time also decreased children’s disruptive behavior. Findings differ from previous research, which found performance improvements with extended wait-time for children with moderate to profound cognitive disabilities. Limitations of the study and future research suggestions are discussed.
Thermodynamic stability of Mg–Y–Zn long-period stacking ordered structures

Although long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures have been known to improve mechanical strength in Mg alloys for over a decade, only recently have LPSO crystal structure models been proposed. Using density functional theory (DFT), we explore the thermodynamic stability of two such models with Mg–Y–Zn LPSO structures of 18R and 14H types. All LPSO structures are predicted to be metastable when compared to the 0 K ground state phase diagram, which we construct from DFT calculations of 13 Mg–Y–Zn intermetallic compounds.
ROLE OF PECTINESTERASE AND POLYGALACTURONASE IN THE FORMATION OF WOOLLINESS IN PEACHES

Chilling injury symptoms do not appear in nonripe peaches (Prunus persica L.) while stored at low temperatures, but a dry-mealy texture (woolliness) appears in chill-injured fruits after ripening. Reduced pectinesterase and polygalacturonase activities were associated with reduced juiciness, reduced levels of water soluble pectins, poor texture and enhanced levels of insoluble pectins in peaches which were ripened after storage at 1°C for more than 3 wk. Pectinesterase and polygalacturonase activities and levels of pectic substances were unaltered in nonripened fruits held at 1°C. Fruits transferred to 20°C for 24 or 48 hr after 1 and 3 or 2 and 4 wk of storage at 1°C did not exhibit woolliness after 5.5 wk of storage. Warming for 12 hr was inadequate to prevent the development of woolliness. The effect of intermittent warming on providing a desirable texture in subsequently ripened fruits was related to enhanced pectinesterase and polygalacturonase activities. Low temperatures appeared to induce this physiological disorder by reducing the capacity to provide adequate levels of pectin-esterase and polygalacturonase during subsequent ripening at nonchilling temperatures. Intermittent warming appeared to prevent injury by protecting the capacity to produce adequate levels of pectolytic enzymes during ripening.
A tertiary silicic cauldron complex at the northern margin of the basin and range province, central Arizona, U.S.A.

The Superior volcanic field occupies approximately 8,000 square kilometers of central Arizona in the zone between the southern Basin and Range Province and the Colorado Plateaus Province. The primary structural elements of an eruptive center in the western part of this field are: 1) volcanic plateau, 2) ring fracture zone, and 3) resurgent caldera core. A northwest trending graben controls the location of three small subsided blocks, the Willow Springs cauldron (2 km diameter), the Black Mesa cauldron (4 km diameter), and the Florence Junction cauldron (8 km diameter), which were centers for rhyolite ash and lava eruption. These late features are superimposed on a much larger volcano-tectonic structure, the Superstition resurgent cauldron which subsided at an earlier stage following the extrusion of quartz latite welded tuff.
The productivity crisis: Secular or cyclical?

Abstract Contrary to current theory, it is shown that some productivity lost in business cycle downturns is not regained in the upturn. These losses account for most, if not all, of the recent productivity slowdown.
Enhanced volumetric hydrogen and methane storage capacity of monolithic carbide-derived carbon

Abstract Carbon-based cryosorbers are generally synthesized in the form of powders, which compromises the volumetric capacity in gas storage applications. Here we report the synthesis of monolithic carbide-derived carbon (CDC) by chlorination of fully-dense ceramic titanium carbide plates. Volume change is minimal, consistent with conformal transformation from TiC to CDC, and the weight loss is consistent with nearly 100% conversion. The resulting materials have a microporous carbon structure with little or no macroporosity and exhibit enhanced volumetric gas storage capacity compared to powder equivalents. Optimized volume uptakes are 35 g L−1 at −196 °C and 60 bar for H2, 193 V(STP) v−1 at 35 bar and 219 V(STP) v−1 at 60 bar (25 °C) for CH4. Monolithic CDCs thus offer potential as gas storage media for on-board fuel-cells and other applications.
AN INFRARED METHOD FOR PLUME RISE VISUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT

An infrared video camera and recording system were used to record near source plume rise from a low turbine stack at an oil gathering center at Prudhoe Bay, AK. The system provided real-time, continuous visualization of the plume using a color monitor while the images were recorded with a standard video tape recorder. Following the field study, single frame images were digitized using a micro-computer video system. As part of the digitization, the plume centerline was determined as well as an isotherm of the plume outline. In this application, one frame from each 2-rain period in the record was digitized. The results were used to calculate the variability in plume centerline during each hour. During strong winds with blowing snow, the mean plume rise for the hour at 15 m downwind was 6 + 2 m. The observed plume rise from the turbine stack was greater than that calculated using momentum-only or buoyancy-only plume rise models and only slightly larger than that estimated from combined momentum-buoyancy plume rise models.
Present status of apheresis technologies: Part 2. Membrane plasma fractionator.

: This article is the second of a 4 part series describing currently available apheresis devices and technologies. The sections will include: Part 1: Membrane Plasma Separator (published in Vol. 1); Part 2: Membrane Plasma Fractionator; Part 3: Leukocyte Filter; and Part 4: Adsorbent.—
Transport of calcium, magnesium and SO4 in the Floridan aquifer, west-central Florida: implications to cementation rates

Prior hydrogeochemical studies have documented a down-gradient increase in dissolved calcium, magnesium and SO4 in the confined, upper Floridan aquifer and have attributed the changes to dissolution of gypsum and dolomite and precipitation of calcite. In this study, hydrochemical data (mol l−1) are coupled with calculated discharges (1 year−1) to calculate the down-gradient changes in ion fluxes (mol year−1) along two predevelopment stream tubes in west-central Florida. Evaluation of ion inflows (including leakage from above) and outflows to and from well-to-well sectors of the stream tubes enables isolation of the changes in ion fluxes due to the previously identified reactions and, hence, quantification of the geological work done by those reactions in the sectors. Over about half of the stream tubes, the amount of calcite precipitation is small to non-existent (0 ±0.25% of the bulk volume per million years), which is consistent with geological evidence. Significant cementation rates are calculated for areas influenced by upward flow, such as at the end of the stream tubes and along the Peace River. Half of these significantly large values are impossibly large, apparently reflecting an inherited signal from a flow history below the depth of the upper Floridan wells. Similarly, mass-balance results that suggest significant dissolution of dolomite and gypsum probably reflect upwelling, not diagenesis at the depths of the sampled wells.
Complex Venation Patterns in the Leaves of Selaginella: Megaphyll-Like Leaves in Lycophytes

Venation patterns of the leaves of two lycophytes, Selagiella adunca and Selaginella schaffneri, do not fit the definition of microphylls as having a single, unbranched vein. Although S. adunca has a simple pattern, S. schaffneri has a complexity matching that of many megaphylls, with numerous branching veins. The veins of S. schaffneri undergo an average of 13 branchings (range, 8 to 21), and reticulation between veins is frequent. The discovery of this radical departure from the familiar microphylls of lycophytes indicates that complex venation patterns in leaves do not necessarily arise from fusion of whole branches. The microphyll may not be as structurally stable as formerly believed.
Rat liver paraoxonase (Paraoxon arylesterase)

Abstract Paraoxonase in the liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats was studied by using [ phenyl -1- 14 C]paraoxon. Examination of the enzyme activity in subcellular fractions of liver homogenates indicated that hepatic paraoxonase is essentially a microsomal enzyme with a pH optimum of 7.5 to 7.8. Effects of calcium ions and EDTA on the enzyme suggested that active paraoxonase is a protein-calcium complex possibly with a range of affinity to calcium ion. Activity in homogenates declined with a half-life of 6 to 9 hr when stored at 0°C, apparently reflecting dissociation of calcium ions. Experiments with homogenates of perfused liver provided evidence that even without the contribution of calcium from blood, paraoxonase is almost fully active at the moment of homogenization. Possible reasons for the much reduced activity of paraoxonase in in vivo metabolism are discussed.
Formation mechanisms of statistically degenerate quasi 2D confined exciton systems

Photoluminescence of exciton systems confined in small areas evolves into extensive ordered ring structures. These systems exhibit oscillatory long (mus) photoluminescence decays, suggesting continuous exciton formation associated with the carrier injection and space charge buildup
An analysis of the fur of river otters in Prince William Sound, Alaska: oil related hydrocarbons 8 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill

Approximately 8 years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, river otters (Lutra canadensis) were trapped from the shoreline in both oiled (Knight Island) and nonoiled (Jackpot Bay) areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska. Captive river otters were wiped with isopropanol-soaked gauze and the gauze extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Differences in pentacosane (C-25) levels in the fur were observed between the oiled and nonoiled sites, while lower molecular weight aliphatics and aromatics were absent. These data are useful when evaluating the role of fur grooming in the long-term exposure of river otters to hydrocarbons and the expression of P450-1A in Knight Island otters.
A pilot study of botulinum toxin for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome

Objectives Preliminary studies using botulinum toxin (BTX) have demonstrated some benefits in treating interstitial cystitis (IC)/painful bladder syndrome (PBS) pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a periurethral injection of BTX to block urethral visceral and somatic afferent fibers, for the treatment of IC/PBS. Methods Twenty adult women with IC/PBS were identified from the Female Urology Clinic at our hospital. Symptom evaluation was performed using a female modification of the Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI), AUA Symptom Index, Graded Chronic Pain Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and symptom improvement Visual Analog Scale (VAS). All patients were randomized to receive either botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) or placebo (normal saline). Patients randomized to BTX-A received 50 U diluted in 2 cm3 normal saline injected periurethrally. The physician and patient were blinded to the treatment. Results BTX was administered to nine women. There were no complications or side effects reported. There was no improvement between placebo and BTX-A groups in the CPSI score at 3-month follow-up (P = 0.97). Additionally, there were no improvements in the other symptom indices. At follow-up, the mean VAS for the BTX group was −0.3, indicating the subjects' symptoms were the same as at the start of the study. Conclusions Periurethral injection of botulinum toxin in women did not effectively treat the pain of IC/PBS. While the results from this study are negative, there is still a valid rationale for further investigations of novel injection protocols given the dearth of current effective treatments. Neurourol. Urodyn. 30:93–96, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.