cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Strain induced Osteopontin Expression in the Aorta (LB45)

We have previously shown that elevated mechanical strain in disease states, such as hypertension, leads to vascular inflammation. However the underlying mechanisms modulating this process are still largely unknown. In this study, we used in-vivo and in-vitro approaches to determine if mechanical strain increases osteopontin (OPN), a pro-inflammatory protein, in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NADPH oxidase dependent manner. Utilizing two mouse models of hypertension, induced by angiotensin-II (AngII) or norepinephrine (NE) infusion, we found blood pressure was increased 1.5 and 1.3 fold, respectively. Aortic OPN mRNA was increased 7 and 2.5 fold (p<0.05) in the AngII and NE treated groups, respectively. OPN protein was also increased in both models. In AngII treated aortas of transgenic mice that overexpress catalase, a H2O2 scavenger, in vascular smooth muscle cells, we found a decrease in hypertension-induced OPN mRNA expression compared to wild type littermate controls. In-vitro studies using rat aortic...
Power distribution modelling of high performance first level computer packages

A methodology for obtaining a model of the power distribution of a computer package is presented. This model is suitable for determining the noise and aiding in the design of a computer package. The physical features of a typical first-level multi-layered computer package is shown. Semiconductor chips and decoupling capacitors are placed on the top surface of the package and the module is connected to a board or card for communication with other components of the computer. A schematic of the final inductance model of a multi-layered ceramic single chip module used in computer products is shown. >
Synthesis and electrochemistry of Li3MnO4: Mn in the +5 oxidation state

Computational and experimental work directed at exploringthe electrochemical properties of tetrahedrally coordinated Mn in the +5oxidation state is presented. Specific capacities of nearly 700 mAh/g arepredicted for the redox processes of LixMnO4 complexes based on twotwo-phase reactions. One is topotactic extractionof Li from Li3MnO4 toform LiMnO4 and the second is topotactic insertion of Li into Li3MnO4 toform Li5MnO4. In experiments, it is found that the redox behavior ofLi3MnO4 is complicated by disproportionation of Mn5+ in solution to formMn4+ and Mn7+ and byother irreversible processes; although an initialcapacity of about 275 mAh/g in lithiumcells was achieved. Strategiesbased on structural considerations to improve the electrochemicalproperties of MnO4n- complexes are given.
A short term community based early stage intervention program for behavior problem youth

Describes an early stage intervention program for delinquent youths, a short term (6-month) and long term (2.7-year) follow-up evaluation. The program consists of three integral parts: (1) working with children through camping; (2) family therapy; and (3) working with the child's school. Youths (247) (X age = 11.4) participated over a 3-year period in short-term camping expeditions. Primary therapy is accomplished through cooperation for survival, meals, planning and utilization of peak experiences. The child's family was involved in learning coping skills, problem solving, etc. Relevant information and strategies were shared with the schools to aid the child further. The short term follow-up revealed significance on 15 of 17 criterion items. The long term follow-up clearly indicates an overall positive trend in support of the program. Selection and evaluation instruments, criteria, and the 16PF are discussed. Further investigations to isolate and study the effects of camping, family therapy, and the schools are being planned. Language: en
Minimal realization of dynamically balanced lumped mass WA gyroscope: dual foucault pendulum

We report a new type of MEMS rate integrating gyroscope. The Dual Foucault Pendulum (DFP) gyroscope consists of two dynamically equivalent, mechanically coupled proof masses, oscillating in anti-phase motion, creating a dynamically balanced resonator with x-y symmetry in frequency and damping. Phase synchronization is established by mechanical coupling of the two proof masses, whereas quadrature suppression is achieved by four differential shuttle pairs placed in-between. Dual axis tuning fork behavior provides vibration immunity and anchor loss mitigation, resulting in a Qfactor over 100,000 on both modes at a center frequency of 2.7 kHz. Whole angle mechanization is demonstrated by FPGAbased closed loop control of the gyroscope, showing a scale factor variation of 22 ppm RMS over 2 hours of measurement. We believe Dual Foucault Pendulum is the minimal realization of a dynamically balanced lumped mass whole angle (WA) gyroscope.
A point mutation in the seventh hydrophobic domain of the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor increases its affinity for a family of beta receptor antagonists.

Abstract Previous studies have shown that differences in subtype-specific ligand binding between alpha 2 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors are largely determined by the seventh hydrophobic domain. Here, we report that a single amino acid substitution (Phe412----Asn) in the seventh hydrophobic domain of the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor reduces affinity for the alpha 2 antagonist yohimbine by 350-fold and increases affinity for beta antagonist alprenolol by 3000-fold. The affinity of this mutant receptor alpha 2F----N for several alpha and beta adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists was determined. Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists containing an oxygen atom linking the amino side chain with the aromatic ring bound to alpha 2F----N with high affinity, while the beta receptor antagonist sotalol, which lacks this oxygen, bound with low affinity. These data suggest that the Asn residue is involved in conferring specificity for binding to a specific class of beta receptor antagonists.
Recursive training with unitary modulation for correlated block-fading MIMO channels

We propose and analyze a communication scheme called recursive training with unitary modulation (RTUM) for correlated block fading channels with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) and without channel state information (CSI). In RTUM, we employ unitary matrices as constellation symbols, and utilize a recursive procedure to perform channel estimation and demodulation/decoding in an alternating manner. Central benefits of RTUM include: low-complexity implementation; transformation of the original fading channel without CSI into a series of parallel subchannels, each with perfect receive CSI but additional Gaussian noise; and convenience of analysis. By inspecting the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RTUM, we are further able to identify three operating regimes that lead to distinct channel behaviors. For typical channels we establish a new rule of thumb that spectrally-efficient low-SNR "coherent" communication can be realized when the average channel SNR is larger than the mean square one-step prediction error of the block fading process.
Practical clinical treatment strategies for evaluation and treatment of visual field loss and visual inattention.

In business leadership, vision has been described as follows: “vision animates, inspires, and transforms purpose into action” Although this quote describes vision as it applies to setting a course of action in leadership, it could also describe the visual process addressed by neuro-optometric rehabilitation for people with stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) who have visual field loss and inattention. People who have suffered a visual field loss and/or visual inattention after stroke or brain injury have difficulty transforming visually-mediated purpose into action secondary to their inability to access a complete visual picture. The goal of neuro-optometric rehabilitation during recovery, therefore, is to help people more effectively use their vision as a source of inspiration: to help people increase awareness, improve mobility, and take efficient action for greater independence. Remedial and compensatory interventions are crucial to achieving these goals, and can be easily implemented by clinicians. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore remedial and compensatory interventions for visual field loss and visual inattention. Interventions will be discussed in the context of an interdisciplinary neuro-rehabilitation team that consults with a neurooptometrist or other visual doctor with experience in TBI and stroke rehabilitation. The secondary purpose is to promote improved interdisciplinary collaboration in the treatment of visual impairments, and to give practical, easy to implement options for clinicians to use
Assessing the magnitude and timing of anthropogenic warming of a shallow aquifer: example from Virginia Beach, USA

美国弗吉尼亚州弗吉尼亚滩市地下水温度测量结果显示,相对于较深的地热梯度,地下水温度升高 + 4.1 °C。观测到的温度升高与两个潜在的热驱动因素影响的时序和深度有关,这两个驱动因素就是源于人类活动的温度升高和城市化。研究结果表明,在水位处的地下水温度升高30%归因于大气温度升高,而70%归因于城市化。30米深的地下水温度读数与不透水覆盖面的百分比成正相关,与树冠覆盖面的百分比成负相关;因此,这两个土地利用权值就占水位处温度升高的70%。解析和数值模拟结果表明,根据11个地点15个月重复测量结果建立的研究区平均垂直地下水剖面与弗吉尼亚滩市过去一个世纪的土地利用变化时序一致。水位处人类因素引起的升温幅度(+4.1 °C)是目前季节性温度变化的两倍,湿地和河口从浅层含水层地下水排泄中得到补给,因此,对湿地和河口的生态影响具有潜力。
Theoretical characterizations of novel C2H5O+ reactions

Abstract Assorted reactions of C 2 H 5 O + isomers are characterized by theory, including tracing their courses by means of intrinsic reaction coordinate computations. We establish that CH 3 CHOH + eliminates methane by transferring H from oxygen to a methyl hydrogen and then to the CC bond to produce CHO + +CH 4 . This adds to the limited knowledge of the involvement of hypervalent structures in the reactions of cations in the gas phase. Second, we characterized the course of CH 3 CHOH + →H 3 O + +HCCH. In this dissociation, H first migrates from the methyl to the oxygen to give O-protonated vinyl alcohol, a stable intermediate. Then the H 2 O swings outward to over the middle of the CC bond while one of the two hydrogens on the non-O-bearing carbon revolves to between the oxygen and the two carbons, leading to formation of a [H 3 O + HCCH] complex. This complex contains sufficient energy to dissociate its partners because a high barrier is crossed in its formation. Third, we found that methane elimination from CH 3 O + CH 2 involves stretching of the CH 3 O bond and then rotation of the methyl so that a methyl hydrogen is pointed directly toward the oxygen. This reaction is completed by further rotation of the methyl to abstract a methylene hydrogen to the opposite side of the methyl from that initially bonded to oxygen. This clearly establishes that this dissociation takes place through an ion–neutral complex. Each of the reaction coordinates for the three preceding reactions traverses a novel bonding stage involving H, evidence that such are not unusual in gas phase ion chemistry. Finally, we showed that in the rearrangement CH 3 O + CH 2 →CH 2 O + CH 3 , before H t is transferred CH 2 rotates around the CC bond from being in the skeletal plane to being perpendicular to it, and H t remains in the skeletal plane throughout its transfer. This pathway appears to balance avoiding an orbital symmetry-forbidden suprafacial transition state with minimizing the strain that would be present in an antarafacial transition state for a 1,3-H-shift.
Goal‐directedness in embryonic development

Self-organizing behavior is one of the most remarkable properties of regulative animal embryos. The reorganization of disarranged embryonic primordia to form an approximation of the “correct” structure by any number of abnormal pathways constitutes a form of goal-directed behavior. One might suppose that such anatomical “goals” are specified by genetic programs evolved through mutation and natural selection to produce useful structures. However, one might also ask the following questions: how can genes direct morphogenesis without specifying the pathways to be followed? How can genetic systems have evolved to specify the organization of the never-before-assembled structures reproducibly generated by abnormal tissue combinations? Experiments have shown that the layered structures generated in such experiments belong to the category of “inherently precise” machines, in which a specific pattern is generated with great precision by the constant repetition of a simple local behavior throughout the pattern-forming system. The organization characteristic of the chordate body plan—the “goal” of early development—also arises by very different developmental pathways in the various members of the phylum. Yet divergent evolution can hardly have altered the mechanisms governing gastrulation and neurulation while holding the end results essentially constant. Evidence suggests that the striking differences in these pathways may be understood less as fundamental alterations of morphogenetic mechanisms than as the physical consequences arising from heterochrony—differences in the times at which a shared set of underlying cellular changes are initiated.
Carbon deposition and cell performance of Ni-YSZ anode support SOFC with methane fuel

Abstract An anode support planar SOFC with a 4×4-cm2 active area was fabricated with LSM (La0.78Sr0.22MnxO3), 8YSZ and Ni/YSZ. A single cell was tested with hydrogen and methane fuels to compare cell performance and to investigate carbon deposition effects. Catalytic activity of anode support was characterized by AC impedance analysis, and cell performance was measured with current–voltage curves. Impedance responses for the anode support cell showed one large arc at high frequency, which is considered a typical indication of polarization resistance from the anode support. A carbon deposition test was conducted with flowing methane at an open-circuit condition for a significant period. We observed an increase of arc from the comparison of impedance responses before and after the carbon deposition. The increased impedance arc recovered to its original magnitude when electrical load applied to the cell so that sufficient oxygen ions are supplied. This reversibility of carbon deposition resulted in no change of cell performance. The impedance change we observed for carbon deposition was clearly distinguished from what we consider oxidation of Ni that was observed from impedance analysis for the cell exposed to a mildly oxidative condition. Irreversible carbon deposition was also tested by running the cell at a thermodynamically favorable condition for carbon deposition, and a drop of cell performance was observed.
Studies on Aureomycin and Vitamin B12 Supplementations for Dairy Cows. II. Effect on Production, Composition, and Vitamin B12 Content of the Milk

Summary Studies were conducted with Holstein cows to determine the effect of an aureomycin supplement and a vitamin B 12 supplement on milk production, on the composition of the milk, and on the vitamin B 12 content of the milk. Milk production and percentages of fat, total solids, solids-not-fat, total protein, casein, ash, Ca, and P of the milk were not influenced by feeding supplements of aureomycin (130 mg. daily) or vitamin B 12 (0.83 mg. daily) at a 1% level in the grain ration. The vitamin B 12 content of the milk (1.69-4.12y B 12 per liter) was not influenced by increasing the level of vitamin B 12 supplement from 1 to 4% (3.32 mg. B 12 daily) in the grain ration. There was no change in milk production, but the fat content of the milk was slightly depressed when levels of vitamin B 12 supplement were above 1% (0.83 mg. vitamin B 12 daily) in the grain ration.
Genetic Variability in the TNF-α Promoter Is Not Associated with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

Recent evidence suggests that expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by adipocytes is a molecular mediator of insulin resistance in obesity. We have therefore tested the hypothesis that variations within the regulatory region of the TNF-alpha gene, which might cause increased adipocyte or generalized TNF-alpha synthesis, are associated with NIDDM, a state in which insulin resistance is routinely observed. Neither the previously known variants within the TNF-alpha promoter at position -308 and -238, nor two newly identified polymorphisms at position -376 and -163, were found at a significantly higher frequency in Caucasian NIDDM patients compared to non-diabetic controls. No genetic variants were found in Pima Indians. These data make it unlikely that mutations within regulatory elements of the TNF-alpha gene are associated with an increase in the prevalence of NIDDM.
Luteinizing hormone releasing factor. The total solid-phase synthesis on a benzhydrylamine polymer.

Abstract The hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) has been synthesized by conventional solid-phase techniques on a benzhydrylamine polymer. The peptide is deprotected and cleaved from the resin with anhydrous HF, and purified in two steps to full biological activity.
A highly reactive p450 model compound I.

The detection and kinetic characterization of a cytochrome P450 model compound I, [OFe(IV)-4-TMPyP](+) (1), in aqueous solution shows extraordinary reaction rates for C-H hydroxylations. Stopped-flow spectrophotometric monitoring of the oxidation of Fe(III)-4-TMPyP with mCPBA revealed the intermediate 1, which displays a weak, blue-shifted Soret band at 402 nm and an absorbance at 673 nm, typical of a porphyrin pi-radical cation. This intermediate was subsequently transformed into the well-characterized OFe(IV)-4-TMPyP. Global analysis afforded a second-order rate constant k(1) = (1.59 +/- 0.06) x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for the formation of 1 followed by a first-order decay with k(2) = 8.8 +/- 0.1 s(-1). (1)H and (13)C NMR determined 9-xanthydrol to be the major product (approximately 90% yield) of xanthene oxidation by 1. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry carried out in 47.5% (18)OH(2) indicated 21% (18)O incorporation, consistent with an oxygen-rebound reaction scenario. Xanthene/xanthene-d(2) revealed a modest kinetic isotope effect, k(H)/k(D) = 2.1. Xanthene hydroxylation by 1 occurred with a very large second-order rate constant k(3) = (3.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). Similar reactions of fluorene-4-carboxylic acid and 4-isopropyl- and 4-ethylbenzoic acid also gave high rates for C-H hydroxylation that correlated well with the scissile C-H bond energy, indicating a homolytic hydrogen abstraction transition state. Mapping the observed rate constants for C-H bond cleavage onto the Bronsted-Evans-Polanyi relationship for similar substrates determined the H-OFe(IV)-4-TMPyP bond dissociation energy to be approximately 100 kcal/mol. The high kinetic reactivity observed for 1 is suggested to result from a high porphyrin redox potential and spin-state-crossing phenomena. More generally, subtle charge modulation at the active site may result in high reactivity of a cytochrome P450 compound I.
Test-retest reliability for false-belief tasks

Despite notable variations in children's rate of success on theory of mind tasks and the presumed theoretical implications drawn from a child's success or failure on such tasks, there have been no studies of the test-retest reliability of children's performance on these tasks. Twenty-three children (mean age 49.6 months, SD 8.6) watched three videotaped stories illustrating a false-belief situation: the standard experimenter narrated false-belief task, a minor variant replacing the narration of the story with a dialogue among the characters, and a third version involving a humorous situation. The time elapsed between test and retest was 2-3 weeks and the order of presentation was counterbalanced. Results corroborated previous findings of a developmental trend in the understanding of false-belief questions but, despite a general improvement in children's comprehension of the stories, the test-retest reliability for the false belief questions was poor. Although changes recorded between test-retest sessions frequently occurred in the direction of children answering correctly questions they had previously failed, a subset of children incorrectly answered questions they had initially passed. These findings underscore the need for validation assessments of techniques for studying children's developing theories of mind.
Plant regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of Carica papaya L.

Carica papaya L. (papaya) single somatic embryos (2.0 mm diameter) produced in a high-frequency liquid production system were encapsulated in two different synthetic encapsulation compounds. The frequency of regeneration from encapsulated embryos was significantly affected by (1) the concentration of sodium alginate, (2) the presence or absence of nutrient salts in the capsule, and (3) the duration of exposure to calcium chloride. A 2.5% sodium alginate concentration in a half-strength MS salts base resulted in significantly higher germination frequencies than other treatments. A relatively short (10 min) exposure to CaCl2 provided uniform encapsulation of embryos and the highest frequencies of successful germination (77.5%). Germinated artificial seeds produced normal plantlets.
Temporal changes in lectin binding of peri-implantation mouse blastocysts.

Abstract Mouse blastocysts were exposed to a series of ferritin-conjugated lectins during Day 5 (preadhesive) and Day 6 (adhesive; collected Day 5, 24 hr in vitro) of embryogenesis to determine whether there were any changes in lectin binding characteristics that coincided with the acquisition of adhesiveness. After exposure to lectin, the blastocysts were processed for electron microscopy and lectin binding sites were determined by visualization of ferritin particles with the electron microscope. No binding sites were observed for either Dolichos biflorus agglutinin or soybean agglutinin on blastocysts from either stage examined. Binding sites for Ulex europaeus agglutinin, Con A, and wheat germ agglutinin were seen on blastocysts from both stages without apparent increase or reduction in binding sites from either stage. Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I) bound heavily to the surface of Day 5 blastocysts and did not bind at all to 3 12 Day 6 blastocysts and did bind, though with apparent diminution, to 9 12 Day 6 blastocysts, as compared with the binding observed on Day 5 blastocysts. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) did not bind at all to Day 5 blastocysts but did bind heavily to the surface of Day 6 blastocysts. Both RCA-I and PNA bound to the surface of embryos during Day 5 of delayed implantation, thus indicating that neither the appearance of PNA binding sites on Day 6 blastocysts nor the apparent reduction of RCA-I binding sites on Day 6 blastocysts could be solely implicated in the acquisition of adhesiveness. PNA binding sites were abolished from the surface of Day 6 blastocysts by treatment with Pronase, indicating that the PNA binding molecule was associated with a glycoprotein rather than a glycolipid.
A universal relationship between spring constant and torsion constant

Abstract A universal relationship exists between the torsion constant of a wire and the spring constant of a close-coiled helical spring wound from the same wire. The relationship, which is verified experimentally, involves only the coil radius of the wound spring and is independent of the wire diameter, length, and material. In addition to having a practical application in designing helical springs, this relationship leads to a dynamical equivalence between the class of mass–spring systems and the class of torsion pendula.
Erythrocyte antigens and natural isoagglutinins of the American eel,Anguilla rostrata, from Chesapeake Bay

Blood of American eels from Chesapeake Bay was examined with serological techniques. Individual variations in erythrocyte antigens were disclosed by natural isoagglutinins in eel sera and by agglutinins in absorbed rabbit antisera. The complexity of the isoantigen-isoagglutinin system seems to exceed that presently known for any other vertebrate.
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT -- MORE THAN A NEW NAME FOR LOGISTICS

Practitioners and educators have variously addressed the concept of supply chain management (SCM) as an extension of logistics, the same as logistics, or as an all‐encompassing approach to business integration. Based on a review of the literature and management practice, it is clear that there is a need for some level of coordination of activities and processes within and between organizations in the supply chain that extends beyond logistics. We believe that this is what should be called SCM. This article proposes a conceptual model that provides guidance for future supply chain decision‐making and research.
A convenient preparation of 3‐[2H3]methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol

A procedure for the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric anhydride to methyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate forms the basis for a convenient synthesis of 3-[2H3]methyl-3-buten-1-ol.
Java in a Teacup: Programming Bluetooth-enabled devices using J2ME

Few technology sectors evolve as fast as the wireless industry. As the market and devices mature, the need (and potential) for mobile applications grows. More and more mobile devices are delivered with the Java platform installed, enabling a large base of Java programmers to try their hand at embedded programming. Unfortunately, not all Java mobile devices are created equal, presenting many challenges to the new J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition) programmer. Using a sample game application, this article illustrates some of the challenges associated with J2ME and Bluetooth programming.
Remarks on magnetic moments

It is noted that the deviations of the isoscalar magnetic moments from Schmidt values behave in a systematic way, being positive for the jackknife cases and negative for the stretch cases. Other subjects of interest concerning magnetic moments are discussed.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Systematics of isoscalar magnetic moments.
Two-Dimensional Spin-Diffusion NMR Reveals Differential Mixing in Biodegradable Polymer Blends

Length scales of mixing in amorphous blends of solid PCL (polycaprolactone) and PLLA (poly-l-lactic acid) were investigated as a function of preparation method. A recently described two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (Hetcor) spin-diffusion technique (Jia et al. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 712) revealed that PCL/PLLA blends with shorter length scales of mixing, relative to solution blending, could be prepared using inclusion-compound coalescence methods (Rusa et al. Macromolecules 2000, 33, 5321). These biocompatible and biodegradable polymer blends provide a clear example of the utility of the 2D Hetcor spin-diffusion method for quantitative miscibility and phase analysis in amorphous macromolecules and their blends. The rates for intrapolymer polarization transfer vs interchain/interdomain polarization equilibration were easily differentiated using the 2D technique for either blend. As a result, spin-diffusion coefficients and miscibility length scales could be calculated by direct measurement on th...
A GENERAL TECHNIQUE FOR THE DIRECT INTERPRETATION OF RESISTIVITY DATA OVER TWO-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES*

The indirect method of interpreting resistivity data is capable only of limited success because of the difficulty of calculating type curves for complex structures. Consequently a need arises for a direct method of interpretation for complex generalized structures. Such a technique for the direct interpretation of apparent resistivity data, obtained by electrical soundings carried out over two-dimensional structures, has been developed from an examination of the Hankel transform of such data. The method is based on the observation that the asymptotic expansion of the Hankel transform is critically dependent upon the minimum distance between the measuring device and the surface of discontinuity in resistivity. The variation in the across strike direction may be mapped by a sequence of depth soundings made parallel to each other and separated in the across strike direction.
Measurement of droplet size and fuel-air ratio in sprays☆

Abstract A holographic technique was employed to measure in situ the droplet size distribution and the fuel-air mass ratio in a flowing stream of kerosene spray. The holographic measurement of the fuel-to-air ratio was in good agreement with that obtained by direct fuel and air flow rate measurements. The Upper Limit Log-Probability distribution function provided a satisfactory correlation of the droplet size data.
Distal biceps rupture in a snowboarder

As in this case study of a snowboarder, the typical history for distal biceps brachii rupture involves a single traumatic event, an audible popping sound, and intense pain. The physical exam will reveal ecchymosis in the antecubital area and weakness with both supination and elbow flexion; the distal biceps brachii tendon will not be palpable. Though distal biceps rupture is far less common than its proximal counterpart, primary care physicians should be aware of the diagnostic criteria. Referral for surgical treatment is necessary to preserve elbow flexion and supination strength.
The molecular mechanisms that control thrombopoiesis

Our understanding of thrombopoiesis — the formation of blood platelets — has improved greatly in the last decade, with the cloning and characterization of thrombopoietin, the primary regulator of this process. Thrombopoietin affects nearly all aspects of platelet production, from self-renewal and expansion of HSCs, through stimulation of the proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitor cells, to support of the maturation of these cells into platelet-producing cells. The molecular and cellular mechanisms through which thrombopoietin affects platelet production provide new insights into the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic influences on hematopoiesis and highlight new opportunities to translate basic biology into clinical advances.
Absorption Spectra, Photophysical Properties, and Redox Behavior of Stereochemically Pure Dendritic Ruthenium(II) Tetramers and Related Dinuclear and Mononuclear Complexes.

The absorption spectra, luminescence properties, and redox behavior of stereochemically pure, dendritic Ru(II) tetramers have been studied. Furthermore, the investigation has also been performed on stereochemically resolved dinuclear complexes of the same family and on racemic forms of their mononuclear precursors and models. The complexes studied are the racemic species [(phen)2Ru(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)](PF6)2 (A, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [(phen)2Ru(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diamine)](PF6)2 (B), [Ru(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)3](PF6)2 (C), [(phen)2Ru(tpphz)](PF6)2 (1, tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘-c:3‘ ‘,2‘ ‘-h:2‘ ‘,3‘ ‘-j]phenazine), [(phen)2Ru(μ-tpphz)Ru(phen)2](PF6)4 (2), and [{(phen)2Ru(μ-tpphz)}3Ru](PF6)8 (4), the stereochemically pure dinuclear species ΔΔ-[(phen)2Ru(μ-tpphz)Ru(phen)2](PF6)4 (ΔΔ-2), ΛΛ-[(phen)2Ru(μ-tpphz)Ru(phen)2](PF6)4 (ΛΛ-2), and ΔΛ-[(phen)2Ru(μ-tpphz)Ru(phen)2](PF6)4 (ΔΛ-2), and the stereochemically pure dendritic tetranuclear complexes [(Δ-(phen)2Ru(μ-tpphz))3-Δ-...
Properties of glutaminase of crayfish CNS: implications for axon–glia signaling

Glutaminase of crayfish axons is believed to participate in recycling of axon-glia signaling agent(s). We measured the activity and properties of glutaminase in crude homogenates of crayfish CNS, using ion exchange chromatography to separate radiolabeled product from substrate. Crayfish glutaminase activity is cytoplasmic and/or weakly bound to membranes and dependent on time, tissue protein, and glutamine concentration. It resembles the kidney-type phosphate-activated glutaminase of mammals in being stimulated by inorganic phosphate and alkaline pH and inhibited by the product glutamate and by the glutamine analog 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine. During incubation of crayfish CNS fibers in Na(+)-free saline containing radiolabeled glutamine, there is an increased formation of radiolabeled glutamate in axoplasm that is temporally associated with an increase in axonal pH from about 7.1 to about 8.0. Both the formation of glutamate and the change in pH are reduced by 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine. Our results suggest that crayfish glutaminase activity is regulated by cellular changes in pH and glutamate concentration. Such changes could impact availability of the axon-glia signaling agents glutamate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate.
Color realism redux

Our reply is in three parts. The first part concerns some foundational issues in the debate about color realism. The second part addresses the many objections to the version of physicalism about color ("productance physicalism") defended in the target ar- ticle. The third part discusses the leading alternative approaches and theories endorsed by the commentators. Our target article had three aims: (a) to explain clearly the structure of the debate about color realism; (b) to introduce an interdisciplinary audience to the way philosophers have thought about the issue; and (c) to argue that colors are cer- tain sorts of physical properties ("productances").
A learning algorithm for a CMAC-based system and its application for classification of ultrasonic signals

Abstract We present a Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller (CMAC) neural network architecture that is suitable for continuous learning, by providing stability and plasticity to the network, which is difficult to achieve in the majority of the neural networks. We also present two learning algorithms, namely, (a) a learning process and (b) a re-learning process. The learning process involves transforming an input into a set of codes such that similar inputs are coded as overlapping codes, while dissimilar inputs are coded as disjoint codes. Each category is represented by a set of codes stored in a memory as a part of the training. An input is classified to a category if the majority of its codes are in common with the codes corresponding to that category. In the re-learning process, we extract the statistical information about each category in terms of the frequency of appearance of a code and the number of signals classified to the category. Based on this statistical information, new exemplars (ideal signals representing each category) for each category are created. Based on these new exemplars the network is trained using the learning process. The trained net is then used to classify ultrasonic signals obtained from a damaged sample. The classification results are compared with the classification results obtained from the standard C-scan imaging techniques and it is found that the classification by the CMAC system with a re-learning algorithm is 92% accurate.
The DNA cleavage and packaging protein encoded by the UL33 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 associates with capsids

The U(L)33 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encodes a protein (pU(L)33) that is essential for the cleavage and packaging of concatameric herpesvirus DNA into preformed capsids. Previous data have suggested that the U(L)33 protein interacts with the cleavage and packaging proteins encoded by U(L)15 and U(L)28 that are known to associate with capsids. Examination of purified A capsids that lack DNA and are derived from aborted packaging events, B capsids that lack DNA, and C capsids that contain DNA revealed an association of the U(L)33 protein with all three capsid types. More U(L)33 protein was detected in A capsids than was present in B capsids. Capsid association was susceptible to guanidine-HCl treatment and independent of the presence of U(L)15 or U(L)28. Capsid association of pU(L)33 was also independent of U(L)6, which is believed to encode the portal into which DNA is inserted. These data suggest that pU(L)33 may act as part of the capsid-associated molecular machinery that translocates cleaved genomic DNA into the capsid interior.
A new asymmetric measure of association for ordinal variables.

table of means (Table 3) suggests that the influence exerted on public affairs topics by the less educated opinion leaders may be colored by ideological orientations different from those among the better educated respondents. It would be of further interest to learn whether opinion leaders' sense of "conservatism" leads to differential selection of public affairs topics about which to exert influence. For instance, one might hypothesize that (controlling for education) the highly "resistant" opinion leaders confine themselves more to local issues, and the more "liberal" leaders exert influence on a more cosmopolitan range of topics. Similarly, "conservative" and "liberal" opinion leaders might be found to differ on level of information about public affairs topics (again, controlling for education). It is somewhat disquieting to learn that for this sample high opinion leaders are as likely as the non-leaders to agree with statements expressing an anomic reaction to life, such as that "there's little use in writing public officials, because often they aren't really interested in the problems of the average man," that "nowadays, a person has to live pretty much for today and let tomorrow take care of itself" and that "in spite of what some people say, the lot of the average man is getting worse." This finding leads one to speculate (hopefully) that perhaps the twoitem opinion leadership typology is too permissive or that the term "public affairs" is not a meaningful cue to respondents. The interaction noted between age and sex on opinion leadership implies that leadership in the public affairs area is linked to respondents' life cycle. It may be that younger men actively pursuing careers and upwardly striving find that knowledge and influence concerning politics are instrumental and rewarding, while at the same time their wives are devoting energies to the domestic duties of raising families. Later in life, when, freed from home responsibilities, the women may find increasing opportunities and social rewards attendant upon opinion leadership. Finally, it is not surprising that opinion leadership in public affairs is substantially correlated with education (.47) and with self-ascribed social class (.41).
Exercise therapy for Parkinson's disease

The outcomes of two different 12-week exercise programs were assessed by machine measurements of motor signs, tests of grip strength, motor coordination and speed, and neurophysiologic determinations of long-latency stretch responses in two groups of Parkinson patients matched for age, sex and stage of disease. The programs tested included an exercise program developed by the United Parkinson Foundation and a program of upper body karate training. Outcomes of these programs were similar. The majority of patients in both groups showed improvements in gait, tremor, grip strength and motor coordination on tasks requiring fine control. In one task involving whole body coordination there was a decline in function, while muscle rigidity was unchanged. The findings suggest that exercise is a useful adjunct to pharmacologic therapy.
Improving periorbital appearance in the "morphologically prone".

Patients with prominent eyes are predisposed to lower lid descent and rounding of the palpebral fissure. This deformity may be exaggerated and symptomatic after conventional lower blepharoplasty. Normalization of the periorbital appearance in morphologically prone patients involves three basic maneuvers. Augmenting the projection of the infraorbital rim with an alloplastic implant effectively changes the skeletal morphology, thereby providing support for the lower lid and midface soft tissues. Subperiosteal freeing and elevation of the lower lid and midface recruits soft tissues and allows lower lid repositioning. Lateral canthopexy restores palpebral fissure shape and provides additional lid support. The technique can be adapted for morphologically prone patients who are first seeking improvement in their periorbital appearance or for those whose lid malposition and round eye appearance have been exaggerated by previous lower blepharoplasty. This surgery has been effective treatment for 13 morphologically prone patients operated on over a 4-year period.
Finite Volume Method for 2D Elastic Wave Propagation

This article is concerned with a finite volume formulation of elastic wave propagation. It considers a homogeneous domain as well as a domain composed of two homogeneous elastic solids in perfect contact. The interface is parallel to the free surface. In the case of a homogeneous domain, it investigates the usefulness of the method and compares the results to a number of existing methods. In the case of a two-layer domain, it compares the results to an approximate calculation.
Optical Analysis And Alignment Applications Using The Infrared Smartt Interferometer

The possiblility of using the infrared Smartt interferometer for optical analysis and alignment of infrared laser systems has been discussed previously. In this paper, optical analysis of the Gigawatt Test Facility at Los Alamos, as well as a deformable mirror manufactured by Rocketdyne, are discussed as examples of the technique. The possibility of optically characterizing, as well as aligning, pulsed high energy laser systems like Helios and Antares is discussed in some detail.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Kinetics of aquation of tris(malonato)chromate(III) anion[1]

Abstract The aquation of tris(malonato)chromate(III) anion was studied in the dark at 25–40° in 0·10-2·0 F HClO4 (μ = 0·2-2·0, NaClO4). The observed pseudo-first order rate constant kobs was found to be dependent on the hydrogen-ion concentration: kobs = k2[H+] over the entire range of [H+]. At 25° k2 = 3·60 × 10−4 l.mole−1/sec Ea = 24·0 kcal/mole−1, and log PZ = 13·1. A mechanism in which a slow protonation and one-end displacement step followed by a fast attack on the intermediate by a water molecule is proposed. The reaction is not affected by diffused light.
Solutions of alkali metal carboxylate mixtures in hydrocarbons

Abstract The solubility of mixtures of alkali metal carboxylates featuring a branched aliphatic chain or an alkyl substituted alicyclic ring exceeds in hydrocarbon solvents by far the sum of individual solubilities. Studies of lithium carboxylates indicate that the solubility increase depends upon the structure and the number of components in the carboxylate mixture and the nature of the solvent. Mixtures of normal carboxylates are insoluble. On the basis of osmotic pressure, light-scattering, and viscosity measurements, the increased solubility of mixtures of branched chain carboxylates is attributed to cooperative micelle formation. Hydrocarbon soluble carboxylate mixtures are capable of solubilizing other individually insoluble branched carboxylates.
Trends in Usage of Alternative Antiplatelet Therapy After Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Background and Purpose— The effects of alternative antiplatelet agents such as clopidogrel and dipyridamole have been studied in clinical trials and heavily marketed. Because public data on their usage are limited, we examined trends in their prescription after stroke and transient ischemic attack to assess the impact of marketing and trial results. Methods— Between 2001 and 2005, 85 US hospitals prospectively enrolled all patients admitted with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack into a registry designed for quality improvement (Ethos). Data on rates of antiplatelet medication usage at discharge were examined over time, and trends were evaluated by the Mantel-Haenszel test. Results— Among 18 020 patients included during the 4-year period, 89% were discharged on antithrombotic medication. Between the first quarter of 2001 and the first quarter of 2004, prescription of clopidogrel-aspirin doubled (P<0.0001 for trend), coincident with publication of results from CURE and CREDO showing efficacy in p...
Blocking nonspecific adsorption of native food-borne microorganisms by immunomagnetic beads with ι-carrageenan

Abstract We present herein the partitioning characteristics of anti- Salmonella and anti- Escherichia coli O157 immunomagnetic beads (IMB) with respect to the nonspecific adsorption of several nontarget food-borne organisms with and without an assortment of well-known blocking agents, such as casein, which have been shown to be useful in other immunochemical applications. We found several common food-borne organisms that strongly interacted with both types of IMB, especially with anti- Salmonella form (av Δ G 0 =−20±4 kJ mol −1 ) even in the presence of casein [1% (w/v): Δ G 0 =−18±3 kJ mol −1 ; ΔΔ G 0 ∼−2 kJ mol −1 ]. However, when one of the most problematic organisms (a native K12-like E. coli isolate; Δ G 0 =−19±2 kJ mol −1 ) was tested for nonspecific binding in the presence of ι-carrageenan (0.03–0.05%), there was an average decline of ca. 90% in the equilibrium capture efficiency ξ (Δ G 0 =−11±4 kJ mol −1 ; ΔΔ G 0 ∼−8 kJ mol −1 ). Other anionic polysaccharides (0.1% κ-carrageenan and polygalacturonic acid) had no significant effect (av Δ G 0 =−19±1 kJ mol −1 ; ΔΔ G 0 ∼0 kJ mol −1 ). Varying ι-carrageenan from 0% to 0.02% resulted in ξ significantly diminishing from 0.69 (e.g., 69% of the cells captured; Δ G 0 =−19±3 kJ mol −1 ) to 0.05 (Δ G 0 =−11±2 kJ mol −1 ; ΔΔ G 0 ∼−9 kJ mol −1 ) at about 0.03% ι-carrageenan where ξ leveled off. An optimum blocking ability was achieved with 0.04% ι-carrageenan suspended in 100 mM phosphate buffer. We also demonstrated that the utilization of ι-carrageenan as a blocking agent causes no great loss in the IMBs capture efficiency with respect to the capture of its target organisms, various salmonellae.
Development and Field-Data Evaluation of Single-End Fault Locator for Two-Terminal HVDC Transmission Lines Part 2: Algorithm and Evaluation

A new technique for locating faults on a two-terminal HVDC transmission line which uses information from only one end of the line is developed and analyzed. The new technique uses successive reflections generated by faults. Using a differentiator and smoother the slopes of the transients are computed. Furthermore, the best estimated peaks of the slopes for the first two consecutive transients are obtained. The time interval between these two peaks is proportional to the fault location. The new technique is referred to as simple passive reflectometer (SPR). Field data obtained at the Celilo converter station of the Pacific HVDC Intertie (see the companion paper [1]) are used to evaluate the SPR. The agreement with a two-ended system is within one mile over the length of the 850-mile Pacific HVDC Intertie transmission line.
The status of research productivity in communication: 1915–1995

The researchers determined that while additional journals have been added to the Matlon Index, the authors who write a large number of articles remains the same. In addition, this study finds that there is a substantial similarity between authors who are frequently cited by others and the number of articles that have been published by these authors. Additionally, the most frequently published authors of journal articles also have an average of more than five books in print. The number of articles listed increased by 1,154 between 1990 and 1995. Authors increased in each category (ranging from one to more than 20). The vast majority of those who have published more than 28 articles listed in the Index teach in doctoral‐granting departments.
Some Notes on the Theology of Nominalism: With Attention to its Relation to the Renaissance

To understand the essence of an historical movement, be it primarily philosophical, theological or cultural, the inquirer should abstain from generalizations and obediently analyze the relevant sources.To understand its significance, however, he has, consciously or unconsciously, to take the dangerous step of comparing movement with movement in order to find a frame of reference which can bring out, by antithesis or analogy, the typical characteristics.