cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of recall of hip fracture, heart attack, and cancer : a comparison of postal survey data and medical records

Accuracy of recall of hip fracture, heart attack, and cancer was evaluated by comparing data obtained from postal surveys and medical records of participants in the Leisure World Disease Prevention Study. The study cohort comprised 13,897 residents of Leisure World Laguna Hills who responded to a questionnaire first mailed in 1981. Follow-up questionnaires requesting information on recent disease history were mailed in 1983 and 1985 to all living cohort members and were returned by 9,734 (86%) and 8,884 (82%) persons, respectively. The proportion of false-positive answers was about 40% for acute myocardial infarction, but less than 10% for hip fracture and cancer. Many of those who gave a false-positive answer on the questionnaire had a condition that the lay population might easily confuse with the condition of interest (e.g., heart attack vs. other cardiovascular disease). Among persons with the disease of interest recorded in the medical record, the percentage who failed to report their events on the questionnaires was highest for those who had an acute myocardial infarction, followed by those who had cancer and those who had hip fracture. The highest rates of confirmation of cancer were for cancers of the breast, bladder, prostate, and uterus. For closely related sites (e.g., colon and rectum), the reliability of reports decreased. The amount of information obtained varied according to the wording of the questionnaire and the specificity of the questions asked. Improved accuracy of recall was observed when the occurrence of specific diseases was asked in addition to a general question about recent hospitalizations.
Prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal sepsis by the use of a rapid screening test and selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis

A randomized 18-month study was conducted to determine the effect of intrapartum chemotherapy in the prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease. Twelve hundred seven indigent patients at term were screened weekly for group B streptococci antenatally with a rapid test based on coagglutination methods and at the time of admission in labor, 263 (22%) were confirmed to have colonization, 67 of which had heavy colonization. One hundred thirty-five of these mothers were randomized to a group treated with 1 gm of ampicillin intravenously every 6 hours until delivery. The remaining 128 mothers were not treated. None of the infants born to the treated mothers had colonization with group B streptococci at surface culture sites. Fifty-nine (46%) of the infants born to untreated mothers, including 24 of 30 (80%) from mothers with heavy colonization, had colonization. Ampicillin treatment administered during labor to pregnant patients with heavy colonization significantly reduced vertical transmission of group B streptococci.
Direct profiling of proteins in biological tissue sections by MALDI mass spectrometry.

The direct profiling of proteins present in tissue sections for several organs of the mouse has been accomplished using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Fresh tissue was sectioned and blotted on a conductive polyethylene membrane. The dried membrane blot was coated with matrix, typically sinapinic acid, and directly analyzed in the mass spectrometer. Generally, well over 100 peptide/protein signals in the 2000−30 000 Da range were observed, with 30−50 having relatively high signal intensities. Analysis of different areas of the same tissue gave remarkably similar mass spectra with greater than 90% homology. However, different parts of a segmented tissue, such as the proximal, intermediate, and distal colon, gave some unique protein signals. After treatment of the tissue blot with protease and subsequent MALDI MS analysis using postsource decay methods for peptide sequencing, some of the proteins were identified. The unique protein profiles measured from these tis...
Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Anxiety in the Elderly

Abstract The assessment of anxiety in the elderly and its behavioral treatment are reviewed in this paper. Despite prevalence rates of anxiety ranging from 10% to 20%, and disproportionately high rates of minor tranquilizer usage in the elderly, the area has been understudied by gerontology researchers. With one exception, the assessment strategies employed with the elderly were not developed for that population. Moreover, existing self-report and interview-administered instruments initially developed for younger adults have not been evaluated psychometrically with older populations in terms of norms, internal consistency, reliability, factorial structure, and validity. In addition, the varying etiological factors accounting for nearly identical symptomatic presentation in the elderly have received insuffuient investigatory attention. Similarly, although there are a few clinical and research studies evaluating the behavioral treatment of anxiety in the elderly, the literature is only in its nascent stages in the context of the large array of behavioral techniques applied to older anxious individuals. For both assessment and treatment of geriatric anxiety, initial studies conducted in the last decade offer promise for the future, but there are large gaps in the current literature. Therefore, we have presented a potential blueprint for further investigative endeavors.
The Physiologic, Neurologic, and Behavioral Effects of Caloric Restriction Related to Aging, Disease, and Environmental Factors

Abstract Little is known about the mechanisms by which acute and chronic caloric restriction (CR) modulate disease, longevity, and toxicity. To study these endpoints, behavioral parameters such as food and water consumption and physiologic parameters such as motor activity, body temperature, metabolic output (oxygen use), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were continuously monitored in 26-month-old male B 6 C 3 F 1 mice and Fischer 344 rats fed either ad libitum (AL) or a CR diet (60% of AL). Different dietary regimens were used: rodents were (1) chronically food-restricted using daily feeding starting at 14 months of age, (2) chronically food-restricted using alternate day feeding, or (3) abruptly switched from CR to AL (acute CR). The physiologic and behavioral changes seen with chronic and acute CR were consistent across strains and species. Average body temperature, the number of meals, and the ratio of food/water consumption were significantly lower in CR rodents than in AL rodents. Also, the daily range of body temperature, oxygen metabolism, RQ, average water consumption, and motor activity was significantly higher in CR rodents. CR caused the onset of altered neurobehavioral functions such as abnormal water consumption; increases in motor activity, serum corticosterone, and stress proteins (HSP); and decreases in the basal setpoint for body temperature and brain metabolism. These changes strongly suggest that many beneficial effects of CR are controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis via hormonal regulation. This study supports the assertion that nutritional status may be a primary factor of consideration in development of safety standards and assessment of risk.
Glucose, stem dry weight variation, principal component and cluster analysis for some agronomic traits among 16 regenerated Crotalaria juncea accessions for potential cellulosic ethanol.

The objectives of this research were to identify candidate sunn hemp accessions having high concentrations of cellulose for use as parents in breeding for cellulose and to determine variability for glucose content and some important agronomic traits among sunn hemp accessions. Since sunn hemp is an under-utilized species, glucose content and agronomic trait variation is essential for the identification of superior sunn hemp accessions for use as potential ethanol for biofuel. Sixteen sunn hemp accessions including the following plant introductions (expressed as glucose concentration) and stem dry weights were studied. “Sixteen sunn hemp accessions including the following plant introductions (expressed as glucose concentration) and stem dry weights were studied.” In addition, to verify variability, these traits plus morphological, phenological, and seed reproductive traits were analyzed using multivariate and cluster analysis. The accessions, PI 250487, PI 337080, and PI 219717 produced the highest glucose...
Electromyographic indices of neuromuscular reflexes

Abstract Herein, we describe the use of two neuromuscular reflexes, the acoustic startle eye blink reflex and the Hoffmann (H‐) reflex, in the context of exercise neuroscience. The reflex probe paradigm has advantages for use in the field of exercise neuroscience and can be obtained without distraction during the performance of an experimental task. The startle eye blink reflex, measured from the orbicularis oculi muscles, is modulated by the affective foreground context and reflects the relative activation of the appetitive and defensive motivational systems of the brain. The H‐reflex, measured most often from the soleus muscle, reflects the efficacy of synaptic transmission between the la afferent fiber and alpha motoneuron. Changes in the amplitude of the startle eye blink reflex and H‐reflex after exercise have been observed; however, the meaning of the changes is not clear. Further research using these indices among those diagnosed with an affective disorder, or among individuals with multiple sclero...
Surprise in the Adnexa A Heterotopic Multifetal Gestation

Sonography is a quick, easy, and inexpensive medical test to determine the etiology of pain in a first-trimester pregnancy. Occasionally, sonograms of early pregnancies do not give an accurate picture, and ectopic pregnancies are missed. Some of the reasons for missed ectopics may include time constraints, staff shortages, poor patient history, misleading textbook information, or orders for a limited examination. A limited examination may comprise only a transvaginal sonogram, and a transabdominal sonogram is not performed. Limited examinations minimize exploration of the area outside the uterus. Sometimes, when an intrauterine gestation is found, the sonogram is considered completed, and a report of an intrauterine pregnancy is given. Investigation of the area outside the uterus is not performed, and the chances of a missed ectopic increases. This case study addresses the occurrence of a heterotopic multifetal gestation. This is an intrauterine gestation combined with an ectopic gestation, sometimes refe...
Model Hirano Bodies Protect against Tau-Independent and Tau-Dependent Cell Death Initiated by the Amyloid Precursor Protein Intracellular Domain

The main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease are amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are primarily composed of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau, respectively. These proteins and their role in the mechanism of neurodegeneration have been extensively studied. Hirano bodies are a frequently occurring pathology in Alzheimer’s disease as well as other neurodegenerative diseases. However, the physiological role of Hirano bodies in neurodegenerative diseases has yet to be determined. We have established cell culture models to study the role of Hirano bodies in amyloid precursor protein and tau-induced cell death mechanisms. Exogenous expression of APP and either of its c-terminal fragments c31 or Amyloid Precursor Protein Intracellular Domain c58 (AICDc58) enhance cell death. The presence of tau is not required for this enhanced cell death. However, the addition of a hyperphosphorylated tau mimic 352PHPtau significantly increases cell death in the presence of both APP and c31 or AICDc58 alone. The mechanism of cell death induced by APP and its c-terminal fragments and tau was investigated. Fe65, Tip60, p53, and caspases play a role in tau-independent and tau-dependent cell death. In addition, apoptosis was determined to contribute to cell death. The presence of model Hirano bodies protected against cell death, indicating Hirano bodies may play a protective role in neurodegeneration.
Response of Vegetation Growth and Productivity to Spring Climate Indicators in the Conterminous United States Derived from Satellite Remote Sensing Data Fusion

Abstract Spring temperatures strongly influence plant phenology, including budburst, canopy development, and crop planting period. Recent spring warming coincides with earlier and longer non-frozen season trends, and generally earlier spring canopy onset and vegetation productivity increases over the conterminous US (CONUS). However, earlier spring onset increases frost damage risk, with potential negative impacts to productivity. Frost sensitivity and vulnerability is heterogeneous over the CONUS domain, while the occurrence, intensity and regional impact of frost events are difficult to monitor from sparse weather stations. To enhance regional frost risk monitoring capabilities, we developed spring frost day (SFD) and spring frost damage day (SFDD) metrics spanning a long-term (>30 year) record by integrating a satellite microwave remote sensing record of daily landscape freeze-thaw (FT) status and optical-IR sensor based phenology record of start of season (SOS) and day of peak (DOP) canopy cover. We find a decreasing regional SFD trend (−1.6 days decade−1; p
Spin forbidden bands in Cr III hexamine

A large deuterium isotope effect has been found in the spin forbidden bands of the chromium III hexamine complex. The significance of this is discussed. Chromium III hexamine has a visible absorption system (1) near 15 000 cm-’ with well-developed structure which has not hitherto been assigned. According to theory (.2), transitions in this region should be 2E, +-- 4A~, and/or 2TI, +- 4A~, as have been experimentally verified in the spectrum of ruby (3) and other rl” complexes. We have examined the spectrum using both the hexamine and the fully deuuterated hexamine and find that there is a marked isotope shift in at least two bands (see Fig. 1). Other bands are also shifted but by a much smaller amount (see Table I). The spectral observations are very similar to those of Piper and Koertge (4), who examined NiSiFo.6HzO and its deuterated analog, but the chromium system is far better resolved and free from the diffuse absorption found by Koertge and Piper in the nickel complex. It is possible, therefore, to locate the origin of the absorption (vibronic or electronic) fairly accurately and we conclude that the band which is strongly isotope shifted is not a simple N-H or X-D totally symmetric stretching frequency superposed upon the origin. The bands which are strongly isotope affected lie about’ 910-975 and 700-790 cm-1 from the first band in the proto and deutero cases, respectively, and in view of their large isotope effect (-165-175 cm-l) they can be correlated only with one of the essentially NH3 vibrations vz(ul), ~g(e), or ~g(e) which are frequently given the descriptive labels &(NH,), &(NHs), and pr(NH3), respectively. The related frequencies in the chromium and cobalt hexamine complexes (-5, 6’) are known for both the protonated and deuterated compounds and have the values 1310, 1025 (~2); 1620, 1160 (~5); and 750, 580? (~6) for the --SH, and -ND, compounds, respectively.
Atmospheric correction for airborne sensors: Comment on a scheme used for CASI

In a recent work by Gould and Arnone [Remote Sens. Environ. 61 (1997) 290] the compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) was used to map the absorption and scattering properties of a coastal environment. The methodology used in this work is also cited in a number of more recent studies. The authors found large discrepancies between the parameters estimated from measurements (AC9) and from a bio-optical model by Carder et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 104 (1999) 5403]. As a result, they adjusted the backscattering efficiency parameter of the model. We found, however, that the discrepancies may actually be due, at least in part, to an erroneous atmospheric correction used for the airborne data. Because the removal of the surface-reflected sky radiance was neglected, the estimated water-leaving radiance was erroneously augmented and used as the input of the bio-optical model. This caused a scattering overestimate and an absorption underestimate. It is suggested that the surface reflection, unlike for land applications, should always be removed to obtain the water signal for use with such bio-optical models.
Determination of completion times for serial multiproduct processes—3. Mixed intermediate storage systems

Abstract A two step strategy is investigated for scheduling multiunit systems in which blocks of units have four different intermediate storage modes: unlimited or finite storage, storage only in processing units, or no holding between processing steps. The completion time procedure for a given product sequence is single pass in terms of products but requires multiple reassignment of blocks for each product. In the special case in which, in addition to the other three modes, only two unit finite intermediate storage blocks with no shared storage vessels between blocks are allowed, the completion time procedure will yield the minimum makespan for a given sequence. In the general MIS case which includes multiunit finite storage blocks and storage shared between blocks, the completion time algorithm is approximate and suboptimal. The completion time procedure is combined with literature sequence selection methods to yield good schedules for this class of systems. Numerical comparisons with a branch and bound approach indicate that the approximate method yields makespans within 6% on average of the branch and bound solution, often in an order of magnitude less solution time.
The Outsider: Alva Ixtlilxochitl's Tenuous Ties to the City of Tetzcoco

The precontact city of Tetzcoco, on the eastern shore of the lake of the same name in the Valley of Mexico, is reported to have been a grand place. As one of the founding members of the Triple Alli...
Creatinine hydrolase and creatine amidinohydrolase. I. Presence in cell-free extractions of Arthrobacter ureafaciens.

WhenA. ureafaciens are grown in a medium containing either creatinine or creatine as the sole source of carbon, an enzyme system capable of catabolizing creatine and creatinine is induced. This enzyme system has been isolated in a cell-free extract and is composed of two separate enzymes. The first, creatinine hydrolase, interconverts creatinine and creatine to form an equilibrium mixture of the two. The second enzyme, creatine amidinohydrolase, splits creatine into equimolar amounts of sarcosine and urea. The former enzyme is heat stable at 55°C for 30 min while the latter enzyme is completely destroyed at this temperature. The two enzymes have different solubilities in ammonium sulfate solutions.
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy and multiple scattering of light in correlated random media

We discuss the diffusing-wave spectroscopy technique for multiple scattering of light as introduced in recent experiments. This technique has proven to be useful in probing the self-diffusion of scattering particles in suspension by measuring the light-intensity autocorrelation function. We show how the autocorrelation function depends upon the dynamic structure factor of the medium in the presence of correlations between the scattering particles. There is a simple generalization of the result obtained for uncorrelated media to include the dynamic structure factor. Previous theoretical work has employed the white-noise model, valid for small uncorrelated scattering centers. The results of this model are valid only so long as the propagation of the light can be regarded as diffusive. On short length scales, however, the propagation becomes increasingly ballistic in nature. We present an exact formal solution of the transport equation capable of describing the crossover from ballistic to diffusive propagation. The resulting transport kernel provides a simple correction to the diffusion approximation for large scattering particles, which substantially improves the agreement with measured autocorrelation functions. We also discuss the polarization dependence of the autocorrelation function for both small as well as large scattering particles.
SU‐FF‐T‐659: CRADLE — A Software Architecture for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning

Purpose: The treatment planning process has not changed in 20 years: patient data is imported, “invisible” data is created inside the treatment planning system (TPS) to describe the treatment course, and data is exported to the treatment device. An oncology information system manages this exported data and has become the center of the modern department, while the TPS has remained largely static. We deem it essential to incorporate new capabilities, such internal data management, into the TPS. Method and Materials: We present a novel architecture (implemented as CRADLE) that addresses three problems: (1) application data management congruent with DICOM, (2) user‐interface management based on the immediate mode model (IMGUI), and (3) fine‐grained state and version data management. We demonstrate CRADLE in our proton scanning application. Results: DICOM defines a model for RT data associations, but is only used between application entities. We internalize this model and design our data associations congruent with it and achieve a near‐transparent mapping between internal and external representations. Current user‐interface (UI) designs use an event call‐back model. This model moves authority from the application to the UI‐code (created by builders), requires user synchronization between application and UI‐code data, and is characterized by a static, UI‐code controlled, environment. In contrast, IMGUI moves authority and data into the application, achieves local UI and context control and allows for dynamic UI control. Finally, TPS data management must achieve fine‐grained version control to allow distributed and multi‐user access to data and correlation of state with departmental events such as physician sign‐off. Conclusion: The immediate mode user‐interface solves these problems and results in strict management of data context and state and produces easily extendable code. The stated objectives implemented in CRADLE allow rapid deployment of advanced applications in radiation oncology.
Photosynthesis of isolated chloroplasts. V. Effect on fixation rate and metabolite transport from the chloroplasts caused by added fructose-1,6-diphosphatase

Abstract Addition of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) plus Mg 2+ in increasing concentrations causes stimulation and then inhibition of photosynthesis in isolated spinach chloroplasts. The effects are similar to those previously found with leaf extract additions, including modifications of the effects caused by added PP i . Under the conditions of pH, Mg 2+ concentration, and PP i concentration in which these effects are seen, the added enzyme has only negligible activity as fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. Thus the enzyme appears to be exerting its effect through some function other than as an fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. It is tentatively suggested that this other function is in the selective diffusion of metabolites out through the chloroplast outer membrane. This hypothesis is supported by the following observations: 1. 1. Addition of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase plus Mg 2+ to chloroplasts photosynthesizing with 14 CO 2 causes an increase in the total labeled Fru-1,6- P 2 and dihydroxyacetone- P (which appear mostly in the suspending medium), and a decrease in the total labeled Fru-6- P and of all compounds following Fru-1,6- P 2 in the carbon reduction cycle, including the carboxylation substrate, Ribul-1,5- P 2 . Furthermore, the amounts of all metabolites retained in the chloroplasts decrease. 2. 2. Addition of Mg 2+ alone, in concentration slightly higher than PP i concentration, causes some loss of all compounds from the chloroplasts to the medium. 3. 3. Addition of 5 mM PP i decreases the loss of hexose and heptose monophosphates and of Ribul-1,5- P 2 , but does not decrease the loss of Fru-1,6- P 2 and of dihydroxyacetone- P from the chloroplasts to the medium.
Photometry of Type II Cepheids. III. The Intermediate-Period Stars

We present 741 new photometric observations for 22 Cepheids with periods between 3 and 8 days. Many of the stars are probable type II Cepheids, but we have included some type I Cepheids for comparison. The shapes and stability of the shapes of the light curves, the stability of the periods, and the scatter of individual data points are discussed. Although none of these proves to be a reliable discriminator between type I and type II Cepheids, they do permit the identification of several unusual stars.
Photoconductivity of PbMoO4 and PbWO4 single crystals

The photoconductivity of PbMoO4 and PbWO4 single crystals is investigated at 80 K in the spectral region 2.0 to 5.0 eV. The spectral dependence of the photoconductivity is studied with ohmic and insulating contacts, and is discussed in conjunction with reported luminescence data. The present study reveals extrinsic and intrinsic photoconductivity in the case of PbMoO4, whereas in the case of PbWO4 only extrinsic photoconductivity is observed. Es wird die Photoleitung von PbMoO4- und PbWO4-Einkristallen zwischen 2,0 und 5,0 eV bei 80 K untersucht. Die Spektralabhangigkeit der Photoleitung wird mit ohmschen und isolierenden Kontakten untersucht und wird im Zusammenhang mit veroffentlichten Lumineszenzdaten diskutiert. Diese Untersuchung ergibt, das im Falle von PbMoO4 die Photoleitung sowohl Storleitung wie Eigenleitung darstellt und im Falle von PbWO4 nur Storleitung.
An intriguing finding in the right atrium

A 67-year-old male presented with shortness of breath, exacerbated by standing up and walking around and alleviated upon lying down. There was no associated coughing or chest pain. His medical history was notable for chronic alcohol abuse, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and two recent admissions for aspiration pneumonitis. An inferior vena cava (IVC) filter had been placed 10 years earlier due to a pulmonary embolism. He denied illicit drug use. He was not taking any regular medications. On physical examination: T 97.6, P 100, BP 101/70, RR 30, O2 sat 95% supine and 91% upright on room air. He looked dishevelled, without respiratory distress. There was no jugular venous distention, and carotid pulses were brisk. Lungs were clear on auscultation. Heart sounds were normal without murmurs …
Social Contact, Loneliness, and Mass Media Use: A Test of Two Hypotheses1

The possible connections between social variables such as frequency of social activity and subjective loneliness on the one hand, and extent of mass media use on the other, have received relatively little empirical attention. In this investigation, two related hypotheses concerning such links are proposed. The compensation hypothesis holds that persons with little social contact or greater loneliness will be more likely to utilize mass media to compensate for social impoverishment. The buffering hypothesis more specifically predicts that such compensation is effective; that is, persons “at risk” for loneliness because of diminished social contact may be at least partially protected from subjective loneliness due to heavy use of mass media. The hypotheses were tested in two samples: college students and a group of adolescent males attending a summer camp. Little support was found for the compensation hypothesis. While limited support was found for the buffering hypothesis, analyses also revealed an unexpected opposite effect; for the music variable, heavy media use actually intensified the association between social deficits and subjective loneliness. Some limitations of this study are discussed, and issues related to the unexpected “intensification” effects are presented.
Resting blood flow and peripheral vascular responses in hypertensive subjects

Abstract 1. 1. The rate of resting blood flow was studied in a series of seventy hypertensive and ninety normal subjects by means of the venous occlusion plethysmographic method. 2. 2. It was found that in the hypertensive patients the resting blood flow in the forearm and leg was significantly greater than that in the normal group. 3. 3. In the hand, however, the average blood flow was much less in the hypertensive than in the control subjects. 4. 4. The fact that the blood vessels in the hand are under the control of the vasomotor center, whereas those in the forearm and leg are little, if at all, affected by vasoconstrictor impulses, was considered significant in this respect. 5. 5. A period of local anoxemia was found to elicit a response of equal magnitude in both the hypertensive and the normal subject. 6. 6. Similarly, the blood flow repayment after a specified amount of work was the same in the two groups. 7. 7. Evidence was obtained which suggested that the venous bed in the extremities in hypertension is in a state of normal tonus.
Facies analysis of an ancient, dismembered, large caldera complex and implications for intra-arc subsidence : Middle Jurassic strata of Cobre Ridge, southern Arizona, USA

Abstract The Middle Jurassic (∼ 170 Ma) Cobre Ridge caldera is an elongate caldera complex that formed during the eruption of the tuff of Pajarito, a crystal-rich rhyodacite ignimbrite with an estimated volume > 1000 km 3 . The caldera subsided in two subequal blocks: to the southeast, caldera-forming ignimbrite is as much as 3000 m thick, whereas the northwest half of the caldera subsided to lesser depths during the initial eruption, but was the locus of subsidence during subsequent eruptions, providing a depocenter for a > 1.5 km-thick section of secondary- and post-collapse volcanic and sedimentary strata. These strata record moat formation and filling and waning volcanism, including: (1) areally restricted ignimbrites up to several tens of meters thick that may have been ponded between caldera margins and/or fault scarps; (2) a ⩾ 600 m-thick ignimbrite whose eruption probably caused further collapse of the caldera or enlargement of the caldera margins; (3) a localized debris apron deposit up to 500 m thick that represents material reworked from intra-caldera pyroclastic deposits and possibly caldera walls; and (4) eolian and fluvial sandstones and water-lain tuffs. Megabreccia blocks as large as 0.5 km along strike probably demarcate approximate caldera margins, suggesting that the composite caldera was approximately 50 km long by 25 km wide. The preserved thickness of the strata of Cobre Ridge ( > 4500 m) is greater than many ancient continental volcanic sequences, suggesting external (i.e. tectonic) controls on subsidence, but preservation of this great thickness of strata is apparently due entirely to volcanic subsidence.
Avaluació del comportament neonatal

Present interest in child behavior from the very moment of birth serves a double purpose: it allows for the early detection of possible disfunctions on one hand, and on the other it opens up perspectives for new techniques of psychological assessment developed from the direct observation of infants.This paper presents seven scales specially designed for neonatal behavior, together with an analysis of their technical characteristics and suggestions as to their possible ways of application.
Drug‐related pulmonary toxicity in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Comparative results with three different treatment regimens

Pulmonary toxicity may complicate the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The possible drug-related cause of pulmonary toxicity was investigated retrospectively in 207 NHL patients treated between 1981 and 1988 with three regimens containing cyclophosphamide with and without methotrexate or bleomycin: methotrexate, calcium, leucovorin, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone (m-BACOD) (n = 134); methotrexate, calcium, leucovorin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone (m-ACOD) (n = 43); or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) (n = 30) chemotherapy. These regimens contained the same drugs and were administered in the same schedule; the regimens differed primarily in the addition of bleomycin or methotrexate. Pulmonary toxicity occurred in 24 of 134 (18%) m-BACOD-treated and in six of 43 (14%) m-ACOD-treated patients (P = 0.65). Chest radiography revealed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in 16 (67%) and six (100%) of the m-BACOD-treated and m-ACOD-treated patients with pulmonary toxicity, respectively. None of the CHOP-treated patients had pulmonary toxicity. The clinical features of pulmonary toxicity and the amount of chemotherapy administered before it occurred did not differ in patients treated with m-BACOD or m-ACOD, although the toxicity tended to be more severe in the m-BACOD group. Open lung or transbronchial biopsies done in six (38%) of the m-BACOD-treated and three (50%) of the m-ACOD-treated patients with pulmonary infiltrates revealed nonspecific pneumonitis compatible with drug-related toxicity. In summary, these results showed that pulmonary toxicity during m-BACOD and m-ACOD therapy occurred with similar frequency and clinicopathologic features. This suggested that bleomycin was not responsible uniquely for the pulmonary toxicity in m-BACOD-treated patients. That pulmonary toxicity was not observed in patients treated with CHOP suggested that methotrexate may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary toxicity.
The Study of Criminology in China Historical Development: Part I

As a scholarly discipline, criminology in China is growing in stature, maturity and utility. In the short thirty years since 1979, China has successfully established criminology as a scientific field of study with well-defined subjects, recognised scholars and copious research/publications. A cursory review of pertinent literature in law, criminology and China studies shows that to date, there are very few systematic and comprehensive studies of criminology (in English language) as an emerging and important field of academic discipline in China. As a result, we know very little about its focus and scope; direction and trend; theories and findings; and problems and issues. This is a first attempt to do so. The article (in two parts, published separately) investigates into: ‘Literature on law, crime and punishment in China’; ‘The idea of crime (Fanzui)’; ‘Traditional thinking of crime and punishment in imperial China’; ‘Nature and structure of criminology as a discipline’; ‘Contemporary development of criminology in China’; ‘Contemporary theories on crime and punishment’ and ‘Fundamental issues and challenges’ facing criminological research in China.
Personal information search on mobile devices

The more things can be saved and done with mobile phones, the more it becomes difficult to find what you are looking for. It was easy when one just saved phone numbers with names of friends, but as the devices have become more resourceful, their usage has expanded enormously. Today's mobile phones are comparable in compute capability and storage to the desktop computers of a decade ago. Consequently, searching and reaching the desired content on a mobile phone has been become an important function. Users and businesses are more dependent on mobile devices than ever before. Managing information scattered across multiple devices is becoming a big problem. We present a system for efficiently and conveniently searching through personal information stored on multiple mobile devices.
Dual earners preparing for job loss: Agency, linked lives, and resilience

We draw on a two-wave panel survey and a third wave of in-depth interviews to study how 78 dual-earner couples prepared for job loss and the implications of preparation for resilience. We find pers...
Mobile nanoparticles and their effect on phase separation dynamics in thin-film polymer blends

We present a systematic study of mobile nanoparticles (NP) and their effect on phase separation dynamics in polymer blend films. Starting with a homogeneous dispersion of silica NP in PMMA:SAN films, the NP are observed to partition into the PMMA-rich phase and stratify during phase separation. The correlation length ξ between phases grows as ξ ~ t1/3 for blends containing 0, 2, and 5 wt% NP. However, phase size decreases as the wt% of NP increases. This behavior agrees with a coalescence model, which incorporates an increase in viscosity due to the NP.
Induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by N6,O2′-dibutyryl cyclic amp in rat liver

Abstract 1. 1. Treatment of intact rats with N 6 , O 2′ -dibutyryl cyclic AMP prompts a rapid increase in the activities of hepatic PEP carboxykinase and tyrosine transaminase and an equally rapid loss of liver glycogen. The increase in PEP carboxykinase activity is shown to result from an increase in the rate of de novo synthesis by radioimmunological techniques. 2. 2. Induction of PEP carboxykinase by dibutyryl cyclic AMP is not associated with any detectable alteration in the properties of the enzyme. The affinity for substrate, nucleotide cofactors or metal ions, the stability to thermal denaturation, the relative activity at various pH values and the immunological reactivity of the enzyme were not noticeablychanged as a consequence of induction. It is concluded that the effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the activity of this enzyme most likely results solely from an increase in the rate of synthesis of the basal enzyme species.
Nitric oxide affects UbcH10 levels differently in type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats

Abstract Background Nitric oxide (NO) more effectively inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in type 2 diabetic versus nondiabetic and type 1 diabetic rodents. NO also decreases the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH10, which is critical to cell-cycle regulation. This study seeks to determine whether UbcH10 levels in the vasculature of diabetic animal models account for the differential efficacy of NO at inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia. Materials and methods Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) harvested from nondiabetic lean Zucker (LZ) and type 2 diabetic Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were exposed to high glucose (25 mM) and high insulin (24 nM) conditions to mimic the diabetic environment in vitro. LZ, streptozotocin-injected LZ (STZ, type 1 diabetic), and ZDF rats underwent carotid artery balloon injury (±10 mg PROLI/NO), and vessels were harvested at 3 and 14 d. UbcH10 was assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Results NO more effectively reduced UbcH10 levels in LZ versus ZDF VSMCs; however, addition of insulin and glucose dramatically potentiated the inhibitory effect of NO on UbcH10 in ZDF VSMCs. Three days after balloon injury, Western blotting showed NO decreased free UbcH10 and increased polyubiquitinated UbcH10 levels by 35% in both STZ and ZDF animals. Fourteen days after injury, immunofluorescent staining showed increased UbcH10 levels throughout the arterial wall in all animal models. NO decreased UbcH10 levels in LZ and STZ rats but not in ZDF. Conclusions These data suggest a disconnect between UbcH10 levels and neointimal hyperplasia formation in type 2 diabetic models and contribute valuable insight regarding differential efficacy of NO in these models.
Quantifying thigh muscle co-activation during isometric knee extension contractions: Within- and between-session reliability

Abstract Muscle co-activation around the knee is important during ambulation and balance. The wide range of methodological approaches for the quantification of co-activation index (CI) makes comparisons across studies and populations difficult. The present study determined within- and between-session reliability of different methodological approaches for the quantification of the CI of the knee extensor and flexor muscles during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). Eight healthy volunteers participated in two repeated testing sessions. A series of knee extension MVICs of the dominant leg with concomitant torque and electromyographic (EMG) recordings were captured. CI was calculated utilizing different analytical approaches. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed that within-session measures displayed higher reliability (ICC>0.861) and lower variability (Coefficient of variation; CV 24.2%). A selection of a 500ms or larger window of RMS EMG activity around the PT delivered more reliable and less variable results than other approaches. Our findings suggest that the CI can provide a reliable measure for comparisons among conditions and is best utilized for within-session experimental designs.
Order-reduction techniques for magnetic components in power electronics

Fundamental obstacles to the modeling and simulation of magnetic components are lack of high-fidelity models and exhaustive computational burden. Physics-based magnetic components have been recently proposed that accurately present the higher-order dynamics (e.g., eddy current). However, introduction of hundreds to thousands state variables makes those models computationally intensive. Automated order-reduction techniques facilitate efficient physics-based magnetic model development that helps designers synthesize dynamic behavior of the magnetic component within a tight design cycle. This paper provides an overview of existing order reduction tools and techniques suitable for dynamic characterization of magnetic components.
718. PTD-Fusion Peptide as a Delivery Vehicle for siRNA To Target HIV Reservoirs

Viral reservoirs are established early during an HIV infection; remain unaffected by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for their whole life and virus reemerge after treatment failure or interruption in treatment. It is often proposed that the brain serves as an important HIV reservoir. While macrophages/microglia (MM) in the brain undergoes a productive infection following virus entry, HIV infection in astrocytes becomes dormant after a brief period of viral replication. Given their lifespan and low rate of turnover, astrocytes may harbor the viral genome for long periods of time. In the presence of HAART, viral transcription and translation proceeds normally in the infected cells, except that virus is not assembled into fully infectious particles. Moreover, HIV infected macrophages sustain viral replication for their whole life and may be responsible for rebound of the virus in antiviral treatment interruption or failures. To reduce the impact of viral proteins, viral replication and emergence of drug resistance, inhibition of HIV transcription is of the utmost importance. To inhibit HIV transcription and replication we used Tat siRNA to target HIV in latently infected monocytic, HIV infected primary macrophages and astrocytic (SVGA) LTR-GFP reporter cells. We used a peptide based approach to deliver siRNA. Peptide based transduction of siRNA was very efficient in macrophages and astrocytes without any toxicity as compared to Lipofectamine 2000 and PEI transfection reagents. Tat siRNA strongly inhibited Tat mediated LTR transactivation activity up to 120 hrs in SVGA-LTR-GFP reporter cells in a dose dependent manner (0.4 |[mu]|M|[ndash]|0.1 |[mu]|M). Further, Tat siRNA strongly inhibited TNF-|[alpha]| reactivated HIV in latently HIV infected monocytic cells (THP89) for 72 hrs. To verify further whether Tat siRNA can inhibit HIV infection in primary macrophages, therefore, we established HIV infection in macrophages and then Tat siRNA was transduced on 2nd day post infection. In different experiments, we observed strong inhibition of HIV replication from day 12 to day 21 post infection in macrophages using Tat-siRNA. Conclusion: HIV transcription and replication is strongly inhibited by Tat-siRNA in cells which acts as a long term reservoir of HIV in the human body.
Comparison of tramadol and acetaminophen with codeine for long-term pain management in elderly patients

Abstract A 4-week, double-blind study was conducted to compare tramadol hydrochloride, a new centrally acting binary analgesic, with acetaminophen/codeine for the management of chronic pain in patients older than 65 years of age. A total of 390 patients with chronic pain due to a variety of conditions, 84% to 88% of whom reported moderate or severe baseline pain intensity, ingested capsules containing 50-mg tramadol (n = 234) or 300-mg acetaminophen plus 30-mg codeine (n = 156). After the initial dose, patients were allowed to titrate the dose according to pain severity to a maximum of eight capsules per day. Efficacy was evaluated on the objective measures of pain relief (visual analog pain scale), medication acceptability, and overall therapeutic response; safety assessment was based on number and degree of adverse experiences, vital sign measurements, clinical laboratory evaluations, and electrocardiographic findings. Mean pretreatment pain intensities were moderate for both treatment groups. The mean total pain relief score (scale: 0 = no relief; 16 = complete relief) for each group on day 1 of week 1 was 6.1. On day 1 of week 3, mean total pain relief score was 7.4 for the tramadol group and 6.7 for the acetaminophen/codeine group. Both treatments were rated as good, very good, or excellent by 55% of patients in each group. Response to medication was rated moderate or marked by investigators for 53% of patients taking tramadol and 58% of patients taking acetaminophen/codeine. Patients in both groups took an average of four to five capsules daily (mean tramadol dose, 244 mg; mean acetaminophen/codeine dose, 1407/140.7 mg). Nausea, constipation, dizziness, and somnolence were the most common adverse effects in both groups. Adverse events considered by investigators as probably related to treatment occurred in 40 (17.1%) patients in the tramadol group and 19 (12.2%) patients in the acetaminophen/codeine group (difference not significant). Adverse experiences led to discontinuation in 18.8% of patients taking tramadol and in 9.6% of patients taking acetaminophen/codeine (P
The Effect of Perceived Learner Advantages on Teachers' Beliefs about Critical-Thinking Activities.

To investigate teachers' beliefs about critical-thinking (CT) activities for different populations of learners, the Critical Thinking Belief Appraisal (CTBA) was administered to 145 practicing secondary teachers. Teachers rated both high-CT and low-CT activities as more effective for highadvantage learners than low-advantage ones, demonstrating strong “advantage effects.” They also rated high-CT activities as more effective than low-CT ones for both high-advantage and lowadvantage learners, demonstrating “pedagogical-preference effects” stronger for high-advantage learners than low-advantage ones. Although these results are inconsistent with the assertion that teachers favor low-CT activities over high-CT ones for low-advantage learners, the results suggest that low-advantage learners may receive fewer high-CT activities in schools, which may hinder their academic performance. Studies of the development of teachers' CT-related beliefs are needed, with the goal of establishing teacher-education practices e...