cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visualizing n-dimensional implications of two-dimensional design decisions

This paper describes several experiments in visualizing implications of landscape planning and design decisions using a combination of GIS, CAD and video animation technology. We use simple grid-cell GIS databases and site-scale polygonal models to provide visualizations of site planning design proposals and environmental impacts, with both static and animated images. Rather than pursuing 'photo-realistic' simulations, we are interested in how abstractions and representational conventions can be used to gauge visual and environmental impacts of proposals for landscape change, in a dynamic, interactive computer-aided design environment.
Evolutionary rearrangement of the amylase genomic regions between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila pseudoobscura

Two Drosophila pseudoobscura genomic clones have sequence similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster amylase region that maps to the 53CD region on the D. melanogaster cytogenetic map. The two clones with similarity to amylase map to sections 73A and 78C of the D. pseudoobscura third chromosome cytogenetic map. The complete sequences of both the 73A and 78C regions were compared to the D. melanogaster genome to determine if the coding region for amylase is present in both regions and to determine the evolutionary mechanism responsible for the observed distribution of the amylase gene or genes. The D. pseudoobscura 73A and 78C linkage groups are conserved with the D. melanogaster 41E and 53CD regions, respectively. The amylase gene, however, has not maintained its conserved linkage between the two species. These data indicate that amylase has moved via a transposition event in the D. melanogaster or D. pseudoobscura lineage. The predicted genes within the 73A and 78C regions show patterns of molecular evolution in synonymous and nonsynonymous sites that are consistent with previous studies of these two species.
BMPs and Wnts in Bone and Cartilage Regeneration

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important role in osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation and canonical Wnt signaling regulates bone mass. BMP-2 is approved for use in spinal fusions due to degenerative disk disease, and in the treatment of acute open fractures of the tibial shaft. BMP-7 is approved for lumbar spinal fusion and in the treatment of long bone nonunion fractures. Sclerostin monoclonal antibodies are currently under clinical trials for their application in treating patients with osteoporosis and bone fractures. The roles of BMPs and Wnts in bone and cartilage regeneration have been extensively studied in recent years and the progress in this research area is summarized in this chapter.
Production of tuberculin sensitivity.

DELAYED, or tuberculin-type, sensitivity occurs in the course of many bacterial infections. It is characterized by skin reactions appearing with 24–48 hr. after intracutaneous injections of bacteria or their soluble products. Like immunological reactions, delayed skin reactions are highly specific, but the products eliciting the reactions need not be antigenic per se. Circulating antibodies have not been demonstrated to play a part. Delayed sensitivity is not transferable passively by serum, but can be transferred with the cells of sensitized organisms.
Clinical utility of 18F-FDG-PET/MR for preoperative breast cancer staging

To evaluate the performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) for preoperative breast cancer staging. Preoperative PET/MR exams of 58 consecutive women with breast cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Histology and mean follow-up of 26 months served as gold standard. Four experienced readers evaluated primary lesions, lymph nodes and distant metastases with contrast-enhanced MRI, qualitative/quantitative PET, and combined PET/MR. ROC curves were calculated for all modalities and their combinations. The study included 101 breast lesions (83 malignant, 18 benign) and 198 lymph node groups, (34 malignant, 164 benign). Two patients had distant metastases. Areas under the curve (AUC) for breast cancer were 0.9558, 0.8347 and 0.8855 with MRI, and with qualitative and quantitative PET/MR, respectively (p = 0.066). Sensitivity for primary cancers with MRI and quantitative PET/MR was 100 % and 77 % (p = 0.004), and for lymph nodes 88 % and 79 % (p = 0.25), respectively. Specificity for MRI and PET/MR for primary cancers was 67 % and 100 % (p = 0.03) and for lymph nodes 98 % and 100 % (p = 0.25). In breast cancer patients, MRI alone has the highest sensitivity for primary tumours. For nodal metastases, both MRI and PET/MR are highly specific. • MRI alone and PET/MR have a similar overall diagnostic performance. • MRI alone has a higher sensitivity than PET/MR for local tumour assessment. • Both MRI and PET/MR have a limited sensitivity for nodal metastases. • Positive lymph nodes on MRI or PET/MR do not require presurgical biopsy.
Fertility and Pregnancy Outcome after Treatment for Cancer in Childhood or Adolescence

Successful therapy for children and adolescents with cancer includes the use of ionizing irradiation and/or chemotherapeutic agents. These may produce DNA damage, resulting in cell death, or the damage may be sublethal. These effects may be expressed in the gonads as sterilization or germ cell DNA damage. Sterilization may be acute, or identified by the occurrence of premature menopause. DNA damage may be identified by an increased risk for chromosomal syndromes, single gene defects or major congenital malformations in the offspring. Management of pediatric and adolescent cancer patients must include recognition of the potential for germ cell injury, counseling of patients regarding strategies for germ cell preservation, and long-term follow-up of the offspring of pediatric and adolescent cancer survivors to determine their increased risk, if any, for adverse pregnancy outcome, genetic disease and cancer.
The “Jewish Knight” of Slobodka honor culture and the image of the body in an Ultra-Orthodox Jewish context

AbstractScholarship on Ultra-Orthodox Jewish thought has traditionally assumed that the views of these communities derive from a struggle against the Jewish Enlightenment and Zionism, as well as against any values they identify as “modern.” This article challenges that assumption. Beginning with an examination of Ultra-Orthodox sources that present an image of the religious leader as the “ideal Jew,” the author then focuses on sources concerning the founder of the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania. This rabbi intended his students to internalize “modern” norms found in the European honor culture of his time, while translating them into the language of Jewish Ultra-Orthodoxy. The author chooses to present his argument by tracing the image of the body in the Slobodka method, since it is precisely through the nexus of the body that Ultra-Orthodox Judaism was segregated from general European society and culture.
Multiplication in Egg Yolk and Survival in Egg Albumen of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis Strains of Phage Types 4, 8, 13a, and 14b

Refrigeration of eggs is vital for restricting the multiplication of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis contaminants, but differences between Salmonella Enteritidis strains or phage types in their survival and multiplication patterns in egg contents might influence the effectiveness of refrigeration standards. The present study compared the abilities of 12 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates of four phage types (4, 8, 13a, and 14b) to multiply rapidly in egg yolk and to survive for several days in egg albumen. The multiplication of very small numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated into yolk (approximately 101 CFU/ml) was monitored during 24 h of incubation at 25°C, and the survival of much larger numbers of Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated into albumen (approximately 105 CFU/ml) was similarly evaluated during the first 3 days of incubation at the same temperature. In yolk, the inoculated Salmonella Enteritidis strains multiplied to mean levels of approximately 103 CFU/ml after 6 h of incubation a...
States in {sup 197}Au from the (n,n{sup '}{gamma}) reaction

The level structure of $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ has been studied using the ($n,{n}^{'}\ensuremath{\gamma}$) reaction. A germanium detector array (GEANIE) for \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray detection and the ``white'' neutron source at LANSCE/WNR were used for the measurement. The energy of the incident neutrons was determined using the time-of-flight technique. Partial \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray cross sections were measured for a total of 90 transitions of $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$. A total of 52 new \ensuremath{\gamma} rays were assigned to $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ and placed on the level scheme based on the partial \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray excitation functions and the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence data. The level scheme of $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ is now more complete up to ~2 MeV excitation energy. The first excited states of the decoupled band built on the proton-hole ${h}_{11/2}$ configuration were established.
An Examination of Women’s Sports Coverage on the Twitter Accounts of Local Television Sports Broadcasters

This study examines the amount of coverage given to women’s sports by local television sports broadcasters on Twitter. A total of 19,649 tweets from 201 local sports broadcasters throughout the Uni...
Hemoglobin heterogeneity in the Pekin duck.

SummaryTwo hemoglobins were obtained from erythrocytes of the adult, male Pekin duck by use of ion-exchange chromatography. The hemoglobins were found to differ in amount within the cells by about 6-fold and in amino acid composition of the constituent globins. The globin corresponding to the minor hemoglobin contains the greater number of amino acid residues, notably those of aspartic plus glutamic acid. The difference between the globins in acid residues may account for the difference in chromatographic behavior of the parent hemoglobins. The relationship between the incorporation of glycine-2-14C and 59Fe into the hemoglobins by erythrocytes in vitro suggest a higher rate but later completion of synthesis for the major hemoglobin than for the other. The ferriforms of the hemoglobins exchange heme in solution but not within the erythrocytes; thus, the hemoglobins may be confined within different cells.
Study of MPPT strategy of DFIG based on IMC

The stator flux oriented vector control strategy was used to realize MPPT, and the control strategy was based on power outer loop and current inner loop. PI controller was generally used by the Double loop control, but the IMC was used and the comparative analysis of the result between the PI control and internal model control was given. The simulation results indicate that the IMC is with more strong time delay compensation ability, more fast response speed, more stable and anti-jamming than PI controller. A simulation model of DFIG was built and simulation results on PSCAD/EMTDC platform were given.
Optimization design on non-electric stimulus detonating train

According to the basic requirements of non-electric stimulus detonating train and the reliability assessment methods of initiating devices,the reliability of detonating train of the initiator was evaluated and analyzed.The safety and reliability of the system can be decreased by means of alternative application of sensitive initiator and insensitive explosive.Optimization design of non-electric stimulus detonating train was finished through passivating the initiator,decreasing the number of detonating interfaces and adjusting charge parameters.In addition,the reliability of the optimum detonating train was evaluated,and the reliability test and the reliability augmentation test were designed.The results show that optimization design can not only improve the safety of detonating train,but also make the detonating reliability increase from 0.99 to 0.999(confidence level γ=0.7),which can provide safe and reliable detonating unit for non-electric stimulus detonating system.
Thyrotoxic hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Learning points for clinicians Non-selective beta-blockers, avoidance of high-salt, carbohydrate-rich meals and strenuous exertion are essential in acute management, until thyrotoxicosis is treated. Unlike primary, or familial, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, potassium supplementation alone is ineffective.1 Acetazolamide and T4 supplementation may precipitate or worsen paralysis in thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.1 Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare disease entity that is often overlooked. The disease is an easily treatable entity but, if missed, can be debilitating and life threatening. We present a case where a young healthy male was admitted to our Critical Care Unit with suspicion of stroke. Upon further work up, he was diagnosed with profound hypokalemia and hyperthyroidism. His symptoms were finally attributed to TPP; which completely resolved following treatment. A 27-year-old Asian male came into …
Antiplatelet Therapy for Secondary Prevention After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) are at long-term heightened risk for recurrent ischemic events. Several large randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefit of more intensive antiplatelet strategies for long-term secondary prevention of cardiovascular death, recurrent MI, and stroke in patients with a history of MI at a cost of increased bleeding. The bleeding risk associated with long-term intensive antiplatelet strategies requires careful patient selection and involvement of patients in shared decision making regarding risks and benefits of therapy. Clinical characteristics, adherence to therapy, and integrated risk scores may aid clinicians in translating clinical trials into individualized therapy.
Measuring Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans: Paraquat and Juglone Sensitivity Assays

Oxidative stress has been proposed to be one of the main causes of aging and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Sensitivity to oxidative stress can be measured by quantifying survival following exposure to a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating compound such as paraquat or juglone. Sensitivity to oxidative stress is a balance between basal levels of ROS, the ability to detoxify ROS, and the ability to repair ROS-mediated damage.
High-speed surface reconstruction of a flying bird using structured light

ABSTRACT Birds fly effectively and maneuver nimbly by dynamically changing the shape of their wings during each wingbeat. These shape changes have yet to be quantified automatically at high temporal and spatial resolution. Therefore, we developed a custom 3D surface reconstruction method, which uses a high-speed camera to identify spatially encoded binary striped patterns that are projected on a flying bird. This non-invasive structured-light method allows automated 3D reconstruction of each stand-alone frame and can be extended to multiple views. We demonstrate this new technique by automatically reconstructing the dorsal surface of a parrotlet wing at 3200 frames s−1 during flapping flight. From this shape we analyze key parameters such as wing twist and angle of attack distribution. While our binary ‘single-shot’ algorithm is demonstrated by quantifying dynamic shape changes of a flying bird, it is generally applicable to moving animals, plants and deforming objects.
Preparing Home Health Aides to Serve as Health Coaches for Home Care Patients With Chronic Illness: Findings and Lessons Learned From a Mixed-Method Evaluation of Two Pilot Programs:

This article highlights findings from a mixed-method evaluation of two pilot programs that utilized Home Health Aides (HHAs) as health coaches for home care patients with chronic illness, including...
The Effect of Solution Components on Polyacrylamide Gel Formation via Riboflavin-Sensitized Photopolymerization

Since Davis (1) first described the use of riboflavin-sensitized photopolymerization of acrylamide-N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) mixtures to form large-pore stacking gels for electrophoresis discs, several authors (2-5) have used this photo-polymerization technique to form gels which are useful for various specific separations and applications. Although extensive use of photopolymerized gels in separations has been made, little is known concerning the effect of commonly added components; i.e., accelerators, buffers, viscosity improvers, leading and trailing ions, and proteins, on the rate and course of photopolymerization. Furthermore, Oster (6, 7) has shown that both oxygen and hydrogen donors effect riboflavin-sensitized photopolymerizations of aqueous acrylamide, and we recently reported (8) that both proteins and amino acids have a dramatic effect on riboflavin-sensitized photo-polymerizations. Since workers are often puzzled by their inability to reproducibly and consistently photopolymerize low concentrations of acrylamide-BIS solutions to gels, we have determined the effect of typical solution additives on formation of polyacrylamide gels. Additives, alone and in combination, are shown to have a marked effect on the photopolymerization rate and gelation time of polyacrylamide-BIS gels.
Inhibitory circuits of the mammalian main olfactory bulb

Synaptic inhibition critically influences sensory processing throughout the mammalian brain, including the main olfactory bulb (MOB), the first station of sensory processing in the olfactory system...
Sensorimotor models of space and object geometry

A baby experiencing the world for the first time faces a considerable challenging sorting through what William James called the "blooming, buzzing confusion" of the senses. With the increasing capacity of modern sensors and the complexity of modern robot bodies, a robot in an unknown or unfamiliar body faces a similar and equally daunting challenge. Addressing this challenge directly by designing robot agents capable of resolving the confusion of sensory experience in an autonomous manner would substantially reduce the engineering required to program robots and the improve the robustness of resulting robot capabilities. Working towards a general solution to this problem, this work uses distinctive state abstractions and sensorimotor embedding to generate basic knowledge of sensor structure, local geometry, and object geometry starting with uninterpreted sensors and effectors.
Calling Inspector Gadget [Turnstile]

Examines the extent to which microwaves and microwave technology can be used to spy on people.
Incorporation of drug particles for extended release of Cyclosporine A from poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogels

Abstract Cyclosporine A is prescribed for a number of ophthalmic applications such as dry eyes, uveitis in children and adolescents, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Extended release of cyclosporine from contact lenses has been explored due to the significant benefits of increased bioavailability in comparison with eye drops. Incorporation of drug loaded particles is considered to be a promising approach for increasing the drug release duration. Here we explore the feasibility of extended release of cyclosporine and possibly other hydrophobic drugs by dispersing particles that are 100% drug rather than drug loaded particles. The expected benefits are high drug loading and extended release. Specifically, we explore transport of cyclosporine in hydroxyethyl methacrylate gels for the case when the gel is loaded with high concentration of drug leading to in situ formation of particles. We explore whether we can increase the release duration from the gels by incorporation of the particles, without sacrificing light transmission which is a critical property for contact lenses. Hydrogels were prepared by free radical UV initiated polymerization with drug dissolved in the monomer solution at varying loadings. Drug release kinetics were measured from the particle loaded lenses and fitted to the Higuchi model to determine the diffusivity. The measured diffusivity is two orders of magnitude lower than estimates from Brinkman model. The differences were attributed to the high partition coefficient of about 150, which implies that a majority of the drug in the gel is bound to the polymer. The bound drug can diffuse along the surface or desorb and diffuse. The diffusivity estimates match the measured values after binding is taken into consideration. Light transmittance was measured to determine whether particle incorporation reduces the transparency. Results showed that the drug release duration could be controlled by increasing the drug loading but the transmittance was significantly reduce particularly at high drug loadings, which suggest that this approach may have limited applicability for contact lenses, but could be useful in other applications where light transmission is not critical.
Minority groups in the metropolitan Chicago housing market: 1970–2015:

This paper examines the housing market of metropolitan Chicago from 1970 to 2015, with particular attention on the three largest minority groups – African Americans, Hispanics and Asians. The Hispa...
A physical multifield model predicts the development of volume and structure in the human brain

Abstract The prenatal development of the human brain is characterized by a rapid increase in brain volume and a development of a highly folded cortex. At the cellular level, these events are enabled by symmetric and asymmetric cell division in the ventricular regions of the brain followed by an outwards cell migration towards the peripheral regions. The role of mechanics during brain development has been suggested and acknowledged in past decades, but remains insufficiently understood. Here we propose a mechanistic model that couples cell division, cell migration, and brain volume growth to accurately model the developing brain between weeks 10 and 29 of gestation. Our model accurately predicts a 160-fold volume increase from 1.5 cm3 at week 10 to 235 cm3 at week 29 of gestation. In agreement with human brain development, the cortex begins to form around week 22 and accounts for about 30% of the total brain volume at week 29. Our results show that cell division and coupling between cell density and volume growth are essential to accurately model brain volume development, whereas cell migration and diffusion contribute mainly to the development of the cortex. We demonstrate that complex folding patterns, including sinusoidal folds and creases, emerge naturally as the cortex develops, even for low stiffness contrasts between the cortex and subcortex.
Breaking with the Past: Public Opinion Toward Melania Trump and Bill Clinton in the 2016 Election

This chapter examines public opinion toward Melania Trump and Bill Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. The chapter documents the distinctive ways each candidate spouse shattered the new traditional expectations Americans have for presidential candidate spouses. On the Democratic side with Bill Clinton, not only was he the first male presidential spouse in the US history, he also happened to be a former US president with a very unique and controversial political record in his own right. The prospect of a man as a potential first spouse provoked great media attention, underscoring the degree to which expectations for this particular role remain highly gendered. For the Republicans, Melania Trump, a Slovenian immigrant with an extensive modeling career, which became a major flashpoint during the course of the Republican presidential nomination contest, cast a very different profile than her predecessors. The scandal over her plagiarized remarks at the Republican Convention as well as her markedly low key role in the campaign also signifies her role as distinctive. As a result, the 2016 candidate spouses were the least well liked of all candidate spouses over the past three decades. Melania Trump was the single most unpopular spouse on record.
A Vascular Optical Spectroscopic Measurement (VOSM) System for Monitoring Peripheral Artery Disease Patients

A diffuse optical spectroscopic system suitable for intraoperative use for vascular surgery is characterized. A case example of its use for a patient before and after angioplasty is presented.
Sleep restriction for the inpatient treatment of insomnia

This study evaluates the efficacy of sleep restriction therapy for treating insomnia on an inpatient psychiatric unit. A depressed patient with concomitant chronic pain and severe insomnia was treated with a sleep restriction procedure. This procedure consisted of curtailing the amount of time spent in bed and then gradually increasing it contingent upon improved sleep efficiency. The treatment was found to be effective for increasing total sleep time from an initial baseline of 2.5 h of sleep per night to 6 h of sleep per night at discharge time. Clinical gains were well maintained immediately after discharge and at a 4-month follow-up.
Robust unsupervised feature selection

A new unsupervised feature selection method, i.e., Robust Unsupervised Feature Selection (RUFS), is proposed. Unlike traditional unsupervised feature selection methods, pseudo cluster labels are learned via local learning regularized robust nonnegative matrix factorization. During the label learning process, feature selection is performed simultaneously by robust joint l2,1 norms minimization. Since RUFS utilizes l2,1 norm minimization on processes of both label learning and feature learning, outliers and noise could be effectively handled and redundant or noisy features could be effectively reduced. Our method adopts the advantages of robust non-negative matrix factorization, local learning, and robust feature learning. In order to make RUFS be scalable, we design a (projected) limited-memory BFGS based iterative algorithm to efficiently solve the optimization problem of RUFS in terms of both memory consumption and computation complexity. Experimental results on different benchmark real world datasets show the promising performance of RUFS over the state-of-the-arts.
Impact of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Disease in the Amazon

Impending changes in climate regimes coupled with anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover change pose the most pressing challenges to human societies and natural ecosystems. Global climate change is predicted to disrupt seasonal periodicities and long-term trends in rainfall and temperature, altering natural climate cycles and variation. The impact of environmental change on disease transmission will determine who, when, and where human livelihoods flourish and fail. Vulnerable populations will be particularly affected—i.e., chronically disadvantaged populations who are typically poor, have limited economic opportunities and access to services, and few (if any) options to improve their quality of life. Immediate action is needed to better understand, adapt, and respond to disease burdens that will be affected by changing climate.
The Escherichia coli groE chaperonins.

The E.coli groES and groEL genes have been shown to form an operon, to be essential for E. coli viability, and to belong to the so-called heat-shock class of genes whose expression is regulated by the intracellular levels of sigma factor sigma 32. Both groE chaperonin proteins possess a seven-fold axis of symmetry, groES being composed of seven identical subunits of 97 amino acids each, and groEL of fourteen identical subunits of 548 amino acids each. The two groE chaperonins interact intimately as judged by both genetic and biochemical criteria. This interaction has been shown to be required for both bacteriophage morphogenesis and bacterial growth. The groEL chaperonin has been shown to bind to a number of incomplete or unfolded polypeptides in vitro. Such binding may prevent misfolding and promote rapid intra- or intermolecular folding of polypeptides in vivo. The proposed role of the groES chaperonin is to displace the polypeptides bound to groEL, thus effectively promoting the recycling of groEL.
Consumer credit scores as a novel tool for identifying health in urban U.S. neighborhoods.

Abstract Purpose Credit scores may operate as a socioeconomic indicator of health: they represent cumulative financial history that directly influences ability to access financial and nonfinancial resources related to health. Yet, little is known about the relationship of credit score and health or to traditional measures of socioeconomic position (SEP). Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the association between area-level credit score and individual self-rated health and (2) compare credit score to traditional markers of area-level SEP in predicting self-rated health. Methods Equifax estimates of average household credit score in 2015 among nine-digit zip code regions were combined with a representative survey of 2083 residents of Philadelphia to estimate the correlation with income, housing value, education, and occupational status and then predict the odds of self-rated health for credit score and each SEP measure. Results Credit score was moderately correlated with SEP markers (r = −0.78 to 0.49). After adjusting for area- and individual-level SEP and demographic factors, each SD increase in credit score is associated with 26% greater odds of better self-rated health (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–1.46). Credit score had a larger effect size than other SEP markers. Conclusions Credit score may be a useful complement to traditional measures of SEP in assessing health outcomes.
Multi-user virtual environments as a pathway to distributed social networks in the classroom

Abstract Some emergent forms of online educational tools support the formation of a non-hierarchically distributed communication. Theories posit that this form of communication can harvest a more optimal learning environment compared to traditional classroom environments, but evidence supporting the theoretical assumption is scarce. The current study examined whether a Multi-User Virtual Environment (MUVE) tool called Second Life (SL) in conjunction with blogging and traditional lecturing (MUVE condition) can facilitate the formation of a distributed learning environment as compared to only blogging and traditional lecturing (active-control condition). Two classes of students (N = 56, 53.6% female) enrolled in an undergraduate-level, semester-long psychology course participated in the study. The students in both experimental and control conditions had a lecture and blogging component, and in the experimental condition the students also used SL during class. Student interactions recorded on the blogging platform in both conditions were analyzed by social network analysis. This was supplemented by student interviews early and later in the semester. The results revealed that the network in the MUVE condition was more connected and more distributed than in the active-control condition. The findings suggest that MUVE enables students to play a more active role in the classroom learning community.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Closely Related Marichromatium Isolates, Photosynthetic Gammaproteobacteria from Marine Ecosystems.

ABSTRACT Marichromatium species are photosynthetic gammaproteobacteria found in marine environments. Only two Marichromatium genomes are publicly available. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two new Marichromatium strains isolated from Woods Hole, MA. These strains share >99% similarity to Marichromatium gracile and M. indicum based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
Brain Butler: The Proactive Personal Assistant

Passive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can act according to a user's current mental state without explicit commands from the user. We use a passive BCI in conjunction with reinforcement learning to train a personal assistant for a mobile device that proactively resolves different types of annoyances on a user's behalf.
Lignin Enzymology—Recent Efforts to Understand Lignin Monomer Catabolism

Abstract The fossil record indicates that lignin has been present on earth for over 400 million years, and during this time, microorganisms have evolved to utilize this abundant carbon source. This article describes recent developments in characterizing the enzymes involved in the catabolism of the lignin derived aromatic compounds vanillin and syringate, with these enzymes being examined within the context of their enzyme superfamilies.
Designing Crosstalk Circuits at 7nm

Crosstalk is an innovative computing technology that utilizes unwanted interferences between interconnects to compute useful logic. Engineering of coupling capacitance, circuit scheme and integration are core features. This paper presents scalability aspects of Crosstalk technology to compete/co-exist with CMOS for digital logic implementations below 10nm. Scalability is a key requirement for any emerging technologies to continue chip miniaturization. Our scalability study is with Arizona State Predictive (ASAP) 7nm PDK and considers all process variation aspects. We present primitive gate designs and their performance under variations. We discuss design constraints to accommodate worst-case variation scenarios. Finally, utilizing primitive gates, we show larger designs such as cm85a, mux, and pcle from MCNC benchmarking suits and detailed comparison with CMOS at 7nm. Our benchmarking revealed, averaging all three above mentioned circuits, 48%, 57% and 10% improvements against CMOS designs in terms of transistor count, power and performance respectively.
Intensifying Reading Instruction for Students With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Practices to Support Classroom Instruction and Family–School Collaboration:

Many students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have reading deficits. These reading deficiencies in students with ADHD are likely to be more severe than those of students w...
Associations of mothers' source of feeding information with longitudinal trajectories of sugar‐sweetened beverage intake, 100% juice intake and adiposity in early childhood

Background There remains a need to understand how information sources can promote young children's healthy beverage consumption and prevent obesity. Objectives To examine associations of mothers' primary feeding information source with children's sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, 100% juice intake and adiposity between ages 3 and 7 years. Methods We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study (n = 371 children; 13 visits). Mothers reported their primary feeding information source at baseline and completed child 3-day dietary records each visit. Child adiposity indicators were calculated from repeated height/weight measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Longitudinal models examined beverage intakes and adiposity over time by source. Results Primary feeding information sources included doctors (48.2%), mothers (17.5%), grandmothers (13.5%), other healthcare professionals (11.3%) and other family/friends (9.4%). Children's juice intake with age differed by source (P interaction = 0.03), with steepest and slightest intake decreases in the doctor (-19.7% each year; 95% CI: -23.7%, -15.5%) and grandmother (-5.0%; -14.5%, 5.5%) subgroups, respectively. Children's SSB intake did not differ by source, but increased annually by 7.1% (4.5%, 9.8%) overall. The grandmother subgroup had the greatest child adiposity over time. Conclusions Mothers' primary feeding information source may have important, yet heterogeneous, influences on young children's beverage intakes and adiposity over time. Consistent evidence-based messages are likely needed.
Steady-State Convergence of Discrete Time State-Space Modeling with State-Dependent Switching

Steady-state modeling plays an important role in the design of advanced power converters. Typically, steady-state modeling is completed by time-stepping simulators, which may be slow to converge to steady-state, or by dedicated analysis, which is time-consuming to develop across multiple topologies. Discrete time state-space modeling is a uniform approach to rapidly simulate arbitrary power converter designs. However, the approach requires modification to capture state-dependent switching, such as diode switching or current programmed modulation. This work provides a framework to identify and correct state-dependent switching within discrete time state-space modeling and shows the utility of the proposed method within the power converter design process.
The Effectiveness of mHealth and eHealth Tools in Improving Provider Knowledge, Confidence, and Behaviors Related to Cancer Detection, Treatment, and Survivorship Care: a Systematic Review

Mobile health (mHealth) and eHealth interventions have demonstrated potential to improve cancer care delivery and disease management by increasing access to health information and health management skills. However, there is a need to better understand the overall impact of these interventions in improving cancer care and to identify best practices to support intervention adoption. Overall, this review intended to systematically catalogue the recent body of cancer-based mHealth and eHealth education and training interventions and assess the effectiveness of these interventions in increasing health care professionals’ knowledge, confidence, and behaviors related to the delivery of care along the cancer continuum. Our initial search yielded 135 articles, and our full review included 23 articles. We abstracted descriptive data for each of the 23 studies, including an overview of interventions (i.e., intended intervention recipients, location of delivery, topic of focus), study methods (i.e., design, sampling approach, sample size), and outcome measures. Almost all the studies reported knowledge gain as an outcome of the education interventions, whereas only half assessed provider confidence or behavior change. We conclude that there is some evidence that mHealth and eHealth interventions lead to improvements in cancer care delivery, but this is not a consistent finding across the studies reviewed. Our findings also identify gaps that should be addressed in future research, offer guidance on the utility of mHealth and eHealth interventions, and provide a roadmap for addressing these gaps.
Exchanging Best Practices and Tools for Supporting Computational and Data-Intensive Research, The Xpert Network.

We present best practices and tools for professionals who support computational and data intensive (CDI) research projects. The practices resulted from an initiative that brings together national projects and university teams that include individual or groups of such professionals. We focus particularly on practices that differ from those in a general software engineering context. The paper also describes the initiative , the Xpert Network , where participants exchange successes, challenges, and general information about their activities, leading to increased productivity, efficiency, and coordination in the ever growing community of scientists that use computational and data-intensive research methods.
Ventricular aneurysm and ventricular septal defect after myocardial infarction.

A 53-year-old man presented with shortness of breath for 10 days. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, he delayed seeking medical attention. ECG showed sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (figure 1A). He converted to normal sinus rhythm with intravenous lidocaine. A holosystolic murmur was heard on auscultation of precordium. Repeat ECG showed ST-segment elevation in inferior leads (figure 1B). Serum troponin was 0.09 ng/mL (normal 0.00–0.04 ng/mL). Figure 1 (A) Initial EKG showing monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. (B) EKG after cardioversion showing sinus rhythm and persistent ST elevation in inferior leads. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of …
864-P: Treatment Burden and Quality of Life Conversations during Clinical Encounters: A Videographic Analysis

Aim: Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) experience significant burden of disease and poorer quality of life compared with patients without diabetes. Yet, data on how these aspects are raised, discussed, and addressed during clinical encounters are sparse. We aimed to analyze the nature of discussions about quality of life (QoL), treatment burden (TB), hypoglycemia, sexual function, and social support during clinician-patient encounters focused on diabetes care. Methods: A total of 41 previously recorded patient-clinician encounters were used for videographic analysis. Encounters were recorded primarily from family medicine and internal medicine clinics, and all patients had a diagnosis of DM. Two coders analyzed the videos for discussions about QoL, TB, hypoglycemia, sexual function, and social support using an a priori developed codebook that defined the domains. When a topic was raised, coders evaluated the nature of the conversation, provider response, time spent on topic, and any solutions proposed by the clinician. Results: Of the 41 videos analyzed, 85.4% included some discussion regarding QoL (58.5%), TB (51.2%), social support (9.8%) or hypoglycemia (2.4%). Sexual function was not brought up in any of the encounters. On average, 15% of the clinical encounter time was spent on QoL, TB, social support, or hypoglycemia. In contrast, 4.5% of the encounter focused on HbA1c. When an aspect arose within the encounter, clinicians acknowledged the patient’s concern without providing a solution in 45.8% of the cases. Conclusion: Consistent with patient experiences, we found that a significant portion of clinical encounters conversations were devoted to QoL and TB, with a greater amount of time spent on these than HbA1c goals. Yet, when these topics arose during encounters, solutions were seldom provided. Sexual dysfunction, a common complication of DM, was not discussed in our sample. Disclosure S. Haider: None. O. M. El kawkgi: None. J. Clark: None. M. Breslin: None. K. Boehmer: None. V. M. Montori: None. K. J. Lipska: None.
A Physical-Layer Security Approach for IoT Against Jamming Interference Attacks

Connectivity and security of Internet of Things (IoT) remain a challenge particularly when considering devices' limited processing capacity and energy efficiency requirements. This is further complicated in heterogeneous networks with channel sharing and massive IoT deployments (mMTC) with competing and adversarial devices. This work considers a heterogeneous communication environment with IoT devices transmitting over a wireless channel in the presence of adversarial IoT devices inducing jamming interference attacks. We utilize an iterated game-theoretic formulation to propose a physical-layer approach to achieve information availability for an IoT device under interference attacks. We describe the interactions of a selected IoT device with adversary devices, study the impact of interference on signal quality, and quantify the information availability metric for the IoT device. Further, to alleviate the scheduling overhead, we propose a game-theoretic transmission strategy for uncoordinated IoT channel access to achieve the target security metric while conserving the device transmission resources. Results of this work illustrate how by using the proposed transmission strategies, the selected IoT device can achieve its desired security performance over time.
Correction of Tartrate Instabilities

The formation of crystalline deposits of potassium bitartrate and occasionally calcium tartrate, although a normal phenomenon in aging wine, generally is unacceptable to consumers.
Overcoming Social Class Markers: Preparing Working Class Students for College

(1995). Overcoming Social Class Markers: Preparing Working Class Students for College. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 30-34.
The impact of membership fees on consumer attitude and choice

This study examined the impact of membership fees on consumer attitude and purchase behavior. Subjects participated in a computerized simulated shopping experiment, and chose between three competing videotape rental stores, receiving feedback about purchase utility on each occasion. Manipulations included the presence or absence of an initial membership-fee requirement at the dominant store and the timing of a lowering of that store's utility to the same level as that offered by a competing establishment. Store loyalty is shown to vary as a function of membership fees and utility changes in a manner consistent with hypotheses generated from prospect, escalation-of-commitment, cognitive-dissonance, and self-perception theories. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
WRN mutations in Werner syndrome.

Werner syndrome (WS) is one of a group of human genetic diseases that have recently been linked to deficits in cellular helicase function. We review the spectrum of WS-associated WRN mutations, the organization and potential functions of the WRN protein, and potential mechanistic links between the loss of WRN function and pathogenesis of the WS clinical and cellular phenotypes. Hum Mutat 13:271–279, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1/f noise: A nonlinear-generalized-Langevin-equation approach.

The spectrum of the autocorrelation function of the velocity fluctuations is calculated by using the nonlinear generalized Langevin equation which has a random force which is a function of the coordinates of the Brownian particle. We show that while the Nyquist noise and the persistent correlation can be obtained by using the linear generalized Langevin equation, the extra contribution to the noise spectrum due to the nonlinear effect in the nonlinear generalized Langevin equation is inversely proportional to the total number of particles and to a negative power of the frequency. In a hydrodynamic calculation, we derive a formula for the excess noise which has a frequency dependence ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}(4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{d})/2}$ for the two- and three-dimensional cases (d=2 and 3, respectively). A detailed analysis shows that our two-dimensional excess-noise formula agrees with the empirical Hooge formula, and the theoretical form of the Hooge parameter which we obtain is consistent with the known experimental results. In a many-body calculation, similar results are obtained. Physically, we argue that the 1/f noise arises from at least two basic phenomena: (a) vorticity diffusion in the classical case (or weak localization in the quantum case), and (b) the deviation of the diffusion coefficient from its conventional value due to boundary confinement effects or effects due to low dimensionality.
Approximation schemes for Euclidean k-medians and related problems

In the k-median problem we are given a set S of n points in a metric space and a positive integer k. We desire to locate k medians in space, such that the sum of the distances from each of the points of S to the nearest median is minimized. This paper gives an approximation scheme for the plane that for any c > 0 produces a solution of cost at most 1+ 1/c times the optimum and runs in time O(n). The approximation scheme also generalizes to some problems related to k-median. Our methodology is to extend Arora’s [1, 2] techniques for the TSP, which hitherto seemed inapplicable to problems such as the k-median problem.
An intuitive accessible web automation user interface

In recent years, the Web has become an ever more sophisticated and irreplaceable tool in our daily lives. While the visual Web has advanced at a rapid pace, assistive technology has not been able to keep up, increasingly putting visually impaired users at a disadvantage. Web automation has the potential to bridge the accessibility divide between the ways blind and sighted people access the Web; specifically, it can enable blind people to accomplish web browsing tasks that were previously slow, hard, or even impossible to achieve. In this paper, we propose and evaluate an intuitive and accessible web automation interface. We validate the design in a Wizard-of-Oz user study with visually-impaired subjects and show that the proposed approach has the potential to significantly increase accessibility and usability of web pages, reduce interaction time, and increase user satisfaction. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of and emphasize the pressing need for truly accessible web automation technologies.