cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From the Neonatal Resuscitation Program to Helping Babies Breathe: Global impact of educational programs in neonatal resuscitation

Two educational programs in neonatal resuscitation, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) and Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) have found widespread acceptance globally as practical tools to improve newborn survival and reduce death from perinatal asphyxia. The programs share a common scientific evidence base and both employ adult education principles with an emphasis on building skills. However, they differ in their target audience and context, their core content, and the methods used for knowledge translation. This review describes how the design of NRP transported it outside the USA to countries around the globe and how the program has contributed to improvements in care at multiple levels from the bedside to guidelines and research. It examines the gaps in the reach of NRP that stimulated the development of HBB and helped shape a different approach to education of health care providers in resource-limited settings. Implementation of HBB is summarized to date, and evidence provided of its effectiveness in reducing neonatal death and stillbirth. Finally, consideration of how the programs function together suggests their future potential to strengthen health systems and maximize the impact on the health of newborns.
Perspectives of Physicians and Nurses Regarding End-of-Life Care in the Intensive Care Unit

Context: The delivery of end-of-life care (EOLC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) varies widely among medical care providers. The differing opinions of nurses and physicians regarding EOLC may help identify areas of improvement. Objective: To explore the differences of physicians and nurses on EOLC in the ICU and how these differences vary according to self-reported proficiency level and primary work unit. Design: Cross-sectional survey of 69 ICU physicians and 629 ICU nurses. Setting: Single tertiary care academic medical institution. Results: A total of 50 physicians (72%) and 331 nurses (53%) participated in the survey. Significant differences between physicians and nurses were noted in the following areas: ability to safely raise concerns, do not resuscitate (DNR) decision making, discussion of health care directives, timely hospice referral, spiritual assessment documentation, utilization of social services, and the availability of EOLC education. In every domain of EOLC, physicians reported a more p...
Content-Free Image Retrieval using Bayesian Product Rule

Content-free image retrieval uses accumulated user feedback records to retrieve images without analyzing image pixels. We present a Bayesian-based algorithm to analyze user feedback and show that it outperforms a recent maximum entropy content-free algorithm, according to extensive experiments on trademark logo and 3D model datasets. The proposed algorithm also has the advantage of being applicable to both content-free and traditional content-based image retrieval, thus providing a common framework for these two paradigms.
Insulin glargine compared to NPH among insulin-naïve, U.S. inner city, ethnic minority type 2 diabetic patients.

Aims We compared basal regimens of glargine or NPH among insulin-naive, U.S. inner city, ethnic minority type 2 diabetic patients who were sub-optimally controlled on maximally tolerated doses of combination oral agents.
The influence of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentration on Ca2+ sparks and spontaneous transient outward currents in single smooth muscle cells

Localized, transient elevations in cytosolic Ca2+, known as Ca2+ sparks, caused by Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, are thought to trigger the opening of large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels in the plasma membrane resulting in spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in smooth muscle cells. But the precise relationships between Ca2+ concentration within the sarcoplasmic reticulum and a Ca2+ spark and that between a Ca2+ spark and a STOC are not well defined or fully understood. To address these problems, we have employed two approaches using single patch-clamped smooth muscle cells freshly dissociated from toad stomach: a high speed, wide-field imaging system to simultaneously record Ca2+ sparks and STOCs, and a method to simultaneously measure free global Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum ([Ca2+]SR) and in the cytosol ([Ca2+]CYTO) along with STOCs. At a holding potential of 0 mV, cells displayed Ca2+ sparks and STOCs. Ca2+ sparks were associated with STOCs; the onset of the sparks coincided with the upstroke of STOCs, and both had approximately the same decay time. The mean increase in [Ca2+]CYTO at the time and location of the spark peak was ∼100 nM above a resting concentration of ∼100 nM. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+ sparks recorded at −80 mV were unchanged for a period of 10 min after removal of extracellular Ca2+ (nominally Ca2+-free solution with 50 μM EGTA), indicating that Ca2+ influx is not necessary for Ca2+sparks. A brief pulse of caffeine (20 mM) elicited a rapid decrease in [Ca2+]SR in association with a surge in [Ca2+]CYTO and a fusion of STOCs, followed by a fast restoration of [Ca2+]CYTO and a gradual recovery of [Ca2+]SR and STOCs. The return of global [Ca2+]CYTO to rest was an order of magnitude faster than the refilling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with Ca2+. After the global [Ca2+]CYTO was fully restored, recovery of STOC frequency and amplitude were correlated with the level of [Ca2+]SR, even though the time for refilling varied greatly. STOC frequency did not recover substantially until the [Ca2+]SR was restored to 60% or more of resting levels. At [Ca2+]SR levels above 80% of rest, there was a steep relationship between [Ca2+]SR and STOC frequency. In contrast, the relationship between [Ca2+]SR and STOC amplitude was linear. The relationship between [Ca2+]SR and the frequency and amplitude was the same for Ca2+ sparks as it was for STOCs. The results of this study suggest that the regulation of [Ca2+]SR might provide one mechanism whereby agents could govern Ca2+ sparks and STOCs. The relationship between Ca2+ sparks and STOCs also implies a close association between a sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release site and the Ca2+-activated potassium channels responsible for a STOC.
The Internet knowledge (iKnow) measure

Despite increasing development and administration of Internet surveys, tests, and many other applications to be used by employees and the general public, little is known about the knowledge individuals bring to Internet tasks. This research improves our understanding of the concept of Internet knowledge, and provides initial support for the construct validity of a new measure of Internet knowledge with respect to its factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity. From a practical perspective, clearer definition of Internet knowledge and the availability of a reliable measure of such knowledge can advance our understanding of how individuals develop Internet experience through its use and may also inform the process by which web sites and Internet applications are designed.
FLAIR and diffusion MRI signals are independent predictors of white matter hyperintensities.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: WMH, associated with cognitive decline and cardiovascular risk factors, may represent only the extreme end of a more widespread continuous WM injury process that progresses during aging and is poorly understood. We investigated the ability of FLAIR and DTI to characterize the longitudinal course of WMH development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred nineteen participants (mean age, 74.5 ± 7.4), including cognitively healthy elders and subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment, received a comprehensive clinical evaluation and brain MR imaging, including FLAIR and DTI on 2 dates. The risk for each baseline normal-appearing WM voxel to convert into WMH was modeled as a function of baseline FA (model M1) and both baseline FA and standardized FLAIR (M2). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC for predicting conversion to WMH were compared between models. RESULTS: Independent of clinical diagnosis, lower baseline FA ( P P CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide further evidence that WMH result from a continuous process of WM degeneration with time. Stepwise decreases in WM integrity as measured by both DTI and FLAIR were independently associated with stepwise increases in WMH risk, emphasizing that these modalities may provide complementary information for understanding the time course of aging-associated WM degeneration.
How Fast Do We Age? Exercise Performance Over Time as a Biomarker

Background The rate of true chronologic functional change in humans has been previously obscured by inadvertent inclusion of data derived from sick or ill-conditioned individuals. The Masters athlete fulfills the need for a study cohort. Methods Performance data by age were collected from recognized certifying organizations for running, rowing, and swimming events and plotted as percent decline from age 35, and a rate of decline of performance by age was plotted. Results Close coincidence of the decay slopes of the events surveyed was observed. This rate is 0.5% per year. We argue that inasmuch as these strenuous events are subtended by most of the major body systems and are thereby rate-limited by them all, that no supporting system can decline faster than this rate. Conclusion The virtual identity of the performance slopes of the different athletic events with one another and to that of other functions including that of a central physiologic measure, VO2 max, indicates that 0.5% per year may be a basic biomarker of the aging process.
Information Sharing in a Long-Term Supply Chain Relationship: The Role of Customer Review Strategy

In this paper, we study the practice of forecast sharing and supply chain coordination with a game-theoretical model. We find that in a one-shot version of the game, forecasts are not shared truthf...
Changes in the N-glycome, glycoproteins with Asn-linked glycans, of Giardia lamblia with differentiation from trophozoites to cysts.

Giardia lamblia is present in the intestinal lumen as a binucleate, flagellated trophozoite or a quadranucleate, immotile cyst. Here we used the plant lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), which binds to the disaccharide di-N-acetyl-chitobiose (GlcNAc2), which is the truncated Asn-linked glycan (N-glycan) of Giardia, to affinity purify the N-glycomes (glycoproteins with N-glycans) of trophozoites and cysts. Fluorescent WGA bound to the perinuclear membranes, peripheral acidified vesicles, and plasma membranes of trophozoites. In contrast, WGA bound strongly to membranes adjacent to the wall of Giardia cysts and less strongly to the endoplasmic reticulum and acidified vesicles. WGA lectin-affinity chromatography dramatically enriched secreted and membrane proteins of Giardia, including proteases and acid phosphatases that retain their activities. With mass spectroscopy, we identified 91 glycopeptides with N-glycans and 194 trophozoite-secreted and membrane proteins, including 42 unique proteins. The Giardia oligosaccharyltransferase, which contains a single catalytic subunit, preferred N glycosylation sites with Thr to those with Ser in vivo but had no preference for flanking amino acids. The most-abundant glycoproteins in the N-glycome of trophozoites were lysosomal enzymes, folding-associated proteins, and unique transmembrane proteins with Cys-, Leu-, or Gly-rich repeats. We identified 157 secreted and membrane proteins in the Giardia cysts, including 20 unique proteins. Compared to trophozoites, cysts were enriched in Gly-rich repeat transmembrane proteins, cyst wall proteins, and unique membrane proteins but had relatively fewer Leu-rich repeat proteins, folding-associated proteins, and unique secreted proteins. In summary, there are major changes in the Giardia N-glycome with the differentiation from trophozoites to cysts.
Contemporary Prostate Cancer Staging

Stage remains one of the most important prognosticators of prostate cancer, involving determination of the anatomic extent or spread of disease at the time of diagnosis based on clinical and pathologic criteria. Clinical staging is based on parameters available to the urologist or referring physician before the first definitive treatment. Pathologic stage obtained at radical prostatectomy is an important factor not only in determining the most appropriate choice of therapy for individual patients, but also in predicting the likelihood of local and distant disease recurrence. Surgical margin status is also a known prognostic parameter for postoperative biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer disease progression, and needs to be reported in radical prostatectomy. Another parameter to be reported is lymphovascular invasion, which has been significantly associated with regional lymph node metastases. The spread of prostate cancer to regional lymph nodes is a means of tumor dissemination with important impact on management and prognosis. Distant metastases of prostate cancer may occur, predominantly to bone. Finally, advanced imaging techniques are becoming a powerful tool to detect and stage prostate cancer.
Intelligent control

The current status of control theory is examined briefly. A few examples are given to emphasize that the intelligent control of the present will be the conventional control of the future. The roles of prior information and neural networks in intelligent control are discussed. >
Multianalyte On-Chip Native Western Blotting

We introduce and characterize multiplexed native Western blotting in an automated and unified microfluidic format. While slab gel Western blotting is slow and laborious, conventional multiplexed blotting (“reblotting”: probing one sample with multiple antibodies) requires even more resources. Here we detail three key advances that enable an automated and rapid microfluidic alternative to slab gel reblotting. First, we introduce both assay and microdevice designs that integrate protein blotting against multiple antibody blotting regions with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This microfluidic integration strategy overcomes nonspecific material losses inherent to harsh antibody stripping steps typically needed for conventional reblotting; said conditions can severely limit analyte quantitation. Second, to inform rational design of the multiplexed microfluidic device we develop an analytical model for analyte capture on the blotting regions. Comparison to empirical observations is reported, with cap...
Abstract A28: Phase I trial of radiotherapy with concurrent bevacizumab, erlotinib, and capecitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).

Background: The addition of bevacizumab to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for LAPC has been shown to be safe. The objective of this study was to determine the safety, tolerability and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the addition of erlotinib to this treatment regimen. Methods: Seventeen patients with CT-staged biopsy-proven non-metastatic unresectable LAPC were enrolled between March 2008 and October 2010. Prior chemotherapy was permitted. All patients received 50.4 Gy (GTV only) in 28 fractions with concurrent capecitabine, bevacizumab and erlotinib. Dose was escalated using a continual reassessment method. Two patients each were enrolled at dose levels (DLs) 1-4 and 9 patients at DL 5. Bevacizumab was escalated from 5mg/Kg every two weeks (DLs 1-4) to 10mg/Kg (DL 5); erlotinib from 100 mg/ day (DLs 1-2) to 150 mg/day (DLs 3-5); and capecitabine from 400mg/m2 twice daily on days of radiation (DL 1) to 600mg/m2 (DLs 2-3) to 825 mg/m2 (DLs 4-5). Reassessment for potential resection was performed 6-8 weeks later. Results: With a median follow-up of 10 months (range 3-23), no grade 3 toxicities were observed in DLs 1-4. Three (33%) patients at DL 5 developed a grade 3 acute toxicity (2 diarrheas and 1 rash). No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were seen. DL 4, with a posterior probability of 0.122 of dose limiting toxicity, was selected as the MTD. Median survival was 19.4 months and time to distant progression was 9.8 months. Patients treated at DLs 4 and 5 had a median survival of 24 months. Of 5 patients who underwent margin-negative resections, 4 were originally deemed unresectable and 1 was borderline; 4 were treated at DLs 4 or 5 (36% of patients treated at these dose levels); 3 patients had excellent pathological responses (complete response, 5% viable tumor, and 20% viable tumor) at pancreatectomy and are alive at 13, 21 and 22 months respectively with no local or distant failures. Conclusions: The combination of erlotinib, bevacizumab and capecitabine with radiotherapy for LAPC is safe and tolerable. Both the promising survival and the high rate of resectability at the higher dose levels suggest that this strategy of dual inhibition of growth factor receptor pathways during CRT warrants continued evaluation. Citation Format: Heath D. Skinner, Christopher H. Crane, Sunil Krishnan, Milind M. Javle, Robert A. Wolff, Jason B. Fleming, Marilyn V. Clemons, Mark F. Munsell, Marc E. Delclos, Prajnan Das. Phase I trial of radiotherapy with concurrent bevacizumab, erlotinib, and capecitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
Exact Evaluation of Two-Stage Stein-Like Procedures – Review

AbstractThe present article reviews several published papers in which the distributions of stopping variables, the expected values, risk functions, and coverage probabilities of estimators at stopping were derived analytically for two-stage Stein-like procedures. The reviewed papers deal with fixed-width and bounded risk estimation of the location and scale parameters of exponential distributions; the fixed-width interval estimation of the log-odds in Bernoulli trials; fixed-width interval estimation of the common variance of equicorrelated normal distributions; and estimating the difference of two normal means when the ratio of variances is known. The estimation of the scale parameter of a gamma distribution for arbitrary known shape parameter is also discussed.
Characteristics and Use of the in Situ Appendix as a Continent Catheterization Stoma for Continent Urinary Diversion in Adults

AbstractUse of the in situ appendix to provide continence was evaluated in 21 adults undergoing continent urinary diversion. The appendix with minimal or no manipulation was used in 20 of the 21 adults to provide the continence mechanism. Our findings indicate that in the majority of adults with no prior appendectomy the unaltered or minimally altered appendix is suitable to provide continence, and that dilating a narrow appendix is safe, effective and compatible with providing an adequate continence mechanism.
Effect of fasting neonatal piglets on blood hormone and metabolite profiles and on skeletal muscle metabolism

A pair of weight-matched piglets was identified at birth in each of six litters. One member of the pair was allowed to suckle for 24 h while the other was fasted. Serum concentrations of insulin, thyroxine (T4), somatomedin-C (RIA) and somatomedin-like activity (bioassay) were non-detectable or lower in non-suckled piglets when compared with suckled piglets. The converse situation was found for serum growth hormone (GH) levels, i.e., GH levels were higher (P less than .01) in non-suckled piglets. Triiodothyronine (T3) concentration was not influenced by nutritional status. Serum concentrations of fructose and of free fatty acids were not influenced by fasting (P greater than .05), but glucose and triacylglycerol serum levels were lower (P less than .01, P less than .05, respectively) in the non-suckled group. The biceps femoris muscle of the non-suckled group weighed less (P less than .05) and contained less RNA (P less than .01) and protein (P less than .07), but DNA and dry matter were similar between groups. Rates of glucose oxidation to CO2 (with [1-14C] glucose tracer, P less than .01; with [6,14C] glucose tracer, P less than .09) and incorporation into glycogen (P less than .01) and of palmitate esterification into triacylglycerol (P less than .01) were reduced by fasting. However, the rates of glycolytic flux and of palmitate oxidation to CO2 (expressed per mg protein) were not affected by fasting. The rate of glucose incorporated into glycogen was reduced (P less than .05) by the presence of palmitate in the muscle of suckled piglets. A dose-dependent decrease in somatomedin-like activity with increased concentration of serum from non-suckled piglets in the cartilage disc bioassay suggested that the production of growth inhibitors accompanied the loss of nutrient availability. The biceps femoris muscle responded to the fast by conserving fatty acid for oxidation as an energy source rather than for incorporation into triacylglycerol or phospholipid. The reduction in glucose oxidation to CO2, but maintenance of glycolytic flux rates, may be important to production of lactate, which can be used by the brain and heart as an energy source. It was suggested that the metabolic adaptations of pig skeletal muscle to the fasted state may be critical to survival.
Materials properties: elasticity

Once fundamental scientific laws are understood, engineering technology depends on advances in materials – materials science – more than any other factor. Historically, ages have been named for the most advanced materials technology available: Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age. If you look around the room you are in, you will recognize that our current age is the age of manufactured materials: plastics, ceramics, acrylics, polyester fibers, etc. Underlying the “Information Age” are the advances in electronic materials that have made possible the computers, displays, and communications equipment that enable information transfer and processing. Selecting materials with desirable properties and then processing to enhance these properties is now standard practice. The next generation of materials will include nanoscale manipulation and fabrication of materials unlike anything found in nature. These new nanomaterials can be predicted to have properties exceeding any currently available materials. Materials are characterized by response functions that describe the materials’ response to applied forces or fields. For example, the electromagnetic properties of materials can be characterized by the electric permittivity (electric polarization of materials in response to an applied electric field), electrical conductivity (electrical current in response to an applied electric field), and magnetic permeability (magnetic polarization in response to an applied magnetic field). One of the fundamental mechanical properties is the elasticity , which describes the deformation of the material in response to applied forces. The elasticity, as with other response functions, depends on the physics and chemistry at the atomic scale and on the structure of the material at a micro- and mesoscale, which is larger than the atoms but smaller than the macroscopic sample. For example, crystal structure, grain boundaries, and dislocations are key determining factors for elastic, plastic, and fracture properties. There are three elastic regimes: tensile/compressive elasticity, shear elasticity, and bulk elasticity. These are all special cases of a generalized elastic tensor, but we will consider them separately to begin.
StarDock: shipping customized computing environments to the data

Surging data volumes make it increasingly unfeasible to transfer astronomical datasets to the local systems of individual scientists. Centralized pipelines offer some relief, but lack flexibility to fulfill the needs of all users. We have developed a system that leverages the Docker container application virtualization software. Along with a suite of commonly used astronomy applications, users can configure a container with their own custom software and analysis tools. Our StarDock system will move the users container to the data, and expose the requested dataset, allowing our users to safely and securely process their data without needlessly transferring hundreds of gigabytes.
Arthroscopic Distal Triceps Repair

In this note, we describe an arthroscopic repair of a degenerative tear of the triceps using a suture weave and an anatomic footprint anchor. We are able to assess, debride, and anatomically repair the distal triceps to its insertion. Compared with open procedures, this arthroscopic repair offers lower morbidity, faster recovery, and improved cosmesis. Our goal was to improve the function and strength of the elbow through this arthroscopic surgical fixation.
Structural analysis of PrBaMn 2 O 5+δ under SOFC anode conditions by in-situ neutron powder diffraction

Abstract The crystal structure and oxygen stoichiometry of the proposed double perovskite solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode material PrBaMn2O5+δ were determined under SOFC anode conditions via in-situ neutron diffraction. Measurements were performed in reducing atmospheres between 692 K and 984 K. The structure was fit to a tetragonal (space group P4/mmm) layered double perovskite structure with alternating Pr and Ba A-site cation layers. Under all conditions examined, the oxygen sites in the Ba and Mn layers were fully occupied, while the sites in the Pr layer were close to completely vacant. The results of the neutron diffraction experiments are compared to previous thermogravimetric analysis experiments to verify the accuracy of both experiments. PrBaMn2O5+δ was shown to be stable over a wide range of reducing atmospheres similar to anode operating conditions in solid oxide fuel cells without significant structural changes.
Good Intentions vs. Intentional Advocacy

The space between the private and the public is the nexus of the personal and the social, if not political. It’s where we meet the strong or subtle cultural censors who attempt to define what community, race, class, or gender can or cannot speak, to tell us which stories are told and valued and which are not. In short, it’s where we’re reminded of the power of personal stories and the power of the storyteller.
Location Matters: Stage I Non–Small-cell Carcinomas of the Lower Lobes Treated With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Are Associated With Poor Outcomes

Abstract Introduction The lung is a heterogeneous organ with relative overperfusion of the lung bases. We determined whether a lower lobe primary tumor location was associated with poor outcomes in the setting of stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Patients and Methods The data from consecutive patients with stage I NSCLC treated from 2009 to 2014 with curative intent SBRT were analyzed. Primary tumors in the right and left lower lobes were compared against the tumors in all other locations to determine whether a lower lobe location was associated with worse local, regional, and distant control and worse relapse-free and overall survival. The survival rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate analysis was completed using the Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for age, stage, performance status, and radiation dose. Results A total of 122 patients with early-stage NSCLC who underwent SBRT were evaluated at a median follow-up period of 28.6 months. On multivariate analysis, lower lobe tumors were associated with poor relapse-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-7.76; P = .04) and poor overall survival (HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.09-5.64; P = .04). The 3-year relapse-free survival for patients with a lower lobe primary was 75% compared with 89% for patients with a non–lower lobe primary (P = .04). Additionally, the 3-year overall survival rate for patients with a lower lobe primary was 63% versus 82% in patients with a non–lower lobe primary (P = .01). Conclusion Lower lobe stage I NSCLC tumors treated with SBRT are associated with poor relapse-free and overall survival.
Individual Differences in Interpersonal Accuracy: A Multi-Level Meta-Analysis to Assess Whether Judging Other People is One Skill or Many

Research into individual differences in interpersonal accuracy (IPA; the ability to accurately judge others’ emotions, intentions, traits, truthfulness, and other social characteristics) has a long tradition and represents a growing area of interest in psychology. Measuring IPA has proved fruitful for uncovering correlates of this skill. However, despite this tradition and a considerable volume of research, very few efforts have been made to look collectively at the nature of the tests involved in assessing IPA, leaving questions of the broader structure of IPA unresolved. Is IPA a single skill or a clustering of many discrete skills or some combination of partially overlapping skills? In a multi-level meta-analysis of 103 published and unpublished participant samples (13,683 participants), we analyzed 622 correlations between pairs of IPA tests (135 different IPA tests altogether). The overall correlation between IPA tests was r = .19, corrected for the nesting of correlations within the studies that administered more than two IPA tests and reported several correlations for the same participant sample. Test domain and characteristics were evaluated to explain differences in effect sizes; in general, tests in similar domains and using similar methodologies were more highly correlated with each other, suggesting that there are domains within which individual differences cluster. Implications for future research and IPA measurement were discussed.
Gene Regulation of Platelet Function

Normal function of blood platelets is a complex multistep process that is crucial for maintenance of hemostasis and wound healing. Abnormality of platelet function may cause bleeding or thrombosis and may result in death. Platelet function is regulated by many genes, miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins at different phases of megakaryocyte maturation and thrombopoiesis. Information on genes that regulate platelet function is obtained from studies of blood disorders using a candidate gene approach, a functional approach, or by using genome-wide association studies. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and in meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies data and epigenomic, transcriptomic, and functional information have allowed identification of novel genes and noncoding genomic DNA regions that play an important role in platelet formation and function that affect thrombotic risk. This chapter is focused on genes that are known to regulate main platelet functions and on novel approaches to identify and characterize platelet-related genes.
How to Give an Impressive Oral Presentation: A Workshop Manual

An oral presentation is one of the most important parts of any scientific, academic or professional research; however, for many people, it can be a discomforting task. More challenging yet—many of us have to give the presentation in our second or third language. In this workshop, we will first review some of the most helpful oral presentation rules and pointers. Then together, we will brain-storm, discuss and to identify the five most important skills that can be quickly learned and immediately applied in this conference in the next two days to our own presentations.
Localization system for indoor robot using RFID

Indoor robots need accurate localization system to perform assigned task. In this paper, a localization system for indoor mobile robot using passive Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) is proposed. RFID Localization technique relies on accurate estimation of the read range between the tags and the reader. The proposed system reads any three different RFID tags, which have a known location. The current location can be estimated using the Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA) scheme. The simulation results validate the proposed system.
Poly(A) tails: longer is not always better.

Deadenylation of mRNAs is generally associated with translational inhibition and mRNA decay. A study now reports that, unexpectedly, highly expressed genes tend to have shorter poly(A) tails and suggests that poly(A) tails can be 'pruned', generating a 30-nucleotide-biased phased distribution, likely due to protection by poly(A)-binding proteins.
Successful Remediation of an Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience for an At-risk Student.

Objective. To describe a successful remediation for an Acute Care Medicine advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in a student with multiple learning deficits.Methods. A literature review of pharmacy and medical experiential remediation was conducted to identify best practices to implement prior to designing the remediation for our student case. Based on this search and experience as preceptors, a three-phase remediation was designed: one week for assessment, two weeks for development of learning skills and strategies and six weeks for an on-campus APPE. Success of the remediation was determined by student performance, as defined by the APPE preceptor, in all relevant 2013 Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) educational outcomes.Results. Baseline assessment indicated that the student was below minimal competency in six of 13 relevant 2013 CAPE educational outcomes. Upon completion of the three-part remediation, the student repeated the Acute Care Medicine APPE, achieving better t...
Inflammation-induced lymphatic architecture and bone turnover changes are ameliorated by irisin treatment in chronic inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as comorbidities such as inflammation-induced bone loss and impaired immune response. Current treatments for IBD all have negative, potentially severe side effects. We aimed to test whether exogenous treatment with irisin, a novel immunomodulatory adipomyokine, could ameliorate IBD-induced lymphatic and bone alterations. Irisin treatment improved both gut and bone outcomes by mitigating inflammation and restoring structure. In the gut, IBD caused colonic lymphatic hyperproliferation into the mucosal and submucosal compartments. This proliferation in the rodent model is akin to what is observed in IBD patient case studies. In bone, IBD increased osteoclast surface and decreased bone formation. Both gut and osteocytes in bone exhibited elevated levels of TNF-α and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) protein expression. Exogenous irisin treatment restored normal colonic lymphatic architecture and increased ...
The Evolution and Confusion of the Sexual Misconduct Category of Slander Per Se

This note examines in depth three aspects of a largely neglected aspect of slander law: the sexual misconduct category of slander per se. First, the origin and nature of the category is addressed, particularly its paternalistic "imputations of unchastity of a woman" formulation. Second, that forulation has undergone a great deal of change over the last fifty years, and the reasons for those changes are analyzed. Finally, this note recommends various changes to the modern "sexual misconduct" formulation, including rooting defamatory nature in public opinion, establishing a number of guiding principles for its application, and statutory clarification.
Assessing Muscle Stem Cell Clonal Complexity During Aging

Changes in muscle stem cell (MuSC) function during aging have been assessed using various in vivo and ex vivo systems. However, changes in clonal complexity within the aged MuSC pool are relatively understudied. Although the dissection of stem cell heterogeneity has greatly benefited from several technological advancements, including single cell sequencing, these methods preclude longitudinal measures of individual stem cell behavior. Instead, multicolor labeling systems enable lineage tracing with single cell resolution. Here, we describe a method of inducibly labeling MuSCs with the Brainbow-2.1 multicolor lineage tracing reporter in vivo to track individual MuSC fate and assess clonal complexity in the overall MuSC pool throughout the mouse lifespan.
Visual Impairment and the Development of Perceptual Ability

In order to be considered legally blind, a person must have “central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye, with correcting lenses; or central visual acuity of more than 20/200 if there is a field defect in which the peripheral field has contracted to such an extent that the widest diameter of the visual field represents an angular distance no greater than 20 degrees” (American Foundation for the Blind, 1967). As a consequence of the legal definition, the word “blind” is used as a label that groups together people who are totally without sight and people with a considerable degree of vision. Therefore, it might prove advantageous to use other functional criteria in defining degrees of blindness, such as the ability or inability to read newspaper print, vision that is useful for reading but not for travel, or vision that is useful for travel but not for reading.
Antagonism of the Myoneural Activity of Antibiotics, Local Anesthetics and General Anesthetics By 4-APYR

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a study to analyze the antagonism of the myoneural activity of antibiotics, local anesthetics, and general anesthetics by 4-amlnopyrldlne (4-APYR). The experiments were carried out on the rat phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparation, suspended in mammalian Krebs' solution at 37°C aerated with 95% O2–5% CO2 and stimulated at 0.1 Hz directly or indirectly by supramaximal impulses of 2 and 0.2 ms, respectively. NM transmission was blocked by d-tubocurarine in the experiments with direct stimulation. The inhibitory effect of antibiotics and local anesthetics on P was greater during indirect than during direct stimulation. In contrast, halogenated inhalation anesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, dantrolene, and verapamil were equally potent inhibitors of P during direct and indirect stimulation. During indirect stimulation, the myoneural effects of the aminoglycoside type antibiotics, such as neomycin, streptomycin, gentamycin, and kanamycin and except for tetracaine, those of the ester type local anesthetics, cocaine, procaine, and 2-chloroprocalne as well as those of the halogenated inhalation anesthetics were completely antagonized by 5 × l0−6 M 4-APYR.
What is Perception

Perception is man’s primary form of cognitive contact with the world around him. As all conceptual knowledge is based upon or derived from this primary form of awareness, the study of perception has always had a unique significance for philosophy and science.
Pharmacy Systems: An Emerging Role in Drug Treatment Management

The practice of pharmacy is essentially composed of three very different activities: The determination and administration of appropriate drug therapies. The distributive elements of moving products from the wholesaler through the pharmacy and, eventually, to the patient. The billing and reimbursement of dispensed prescriptions.
Computer extracted features of cancer nuclei from H&E stained tissues of tumor predicts response to nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer.

12061Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been FDA-approved for use in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These drugs target the PD-1 receptor or its ligand PD-L1,...
CARDIOLOGY IN 280 CHARACTERS: CARDIOLOGISTS USE OF TWITTER IN THE UNITED STATES

Twitter is a global platform in which users consume, create, and distribute content of a myriad of topics. Roughly 20% of its 335M active monthly users are in the United States. For healthcare professionals, it is an easy way to stay abreast of the newest medical research by following journals and
Scapegoat Categories and Conflict Resolution in the History of Sport

Rene Girard’s “Mimetic Theory” of violence categorizes the victim depending on the level of consciousness that the community has of the conflict and the innocence of the victim(s). Academic researc...
Super-Resolution Diffusion Tensor Imaging using SRCNN: A Feasibility Study *

High-resolution diffusion imaging with submillimeter isotropic voxels requires long scan times that are usually clinically impractical. Even with those long scans, the image quality can still suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and severe geometric distortion due to long echo spacing in echo-planar imaging sequences. In this study, we proposed and validated the efficacy of using a state-of-the-art deep-learning method, super-resolution convolutional neural network (SRCNN), to achieve submillimeter super-resolution diffusion-weighted (DW) images. The 2D-based deep-learning method was validated by comparing with the ground truth using numerical simulations and by studying region-of-interest (ROI) using real human data of three healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we interrogated the proposed method under different real-life SNR conditions. The results demonstrated that the proposed deep-learning method was able to reproduce sufficient details in the anatomy that can only be detected using high-resolution diffusion imaging. The percentage errors in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived metrics were less than 8% when the baseline SNR larger than 20. The ROI results demonstrated that the proposed method produced comparable values of diffusion metrics to the matched high-resolution diffusion metrics of real human data. Particularly, the patterns of distributions of the subjects were similar between the proposed method and real data across whole-brain gray-matter and white-matter ROIs. A deep-learned submillimeter resolution of 0.625 mm diffusion directional image showed high image quality, particularly in the cortical gray matter. We demonstrated the feasibility of using a deep-learning algorithm based on SRCNN in DTI. This approach can be a robust alternative when acquiring the true sub-millimeter diffusion MRI is not available.
Understanding False Allegations of Sexual Assault

This chapter explores several issues related to false allegations of sexual assault. The definition of a false allegation varies and it is not clear if the field has done research of sufficient quality to accurately determine the rates of false allegations. Moreover, although several issues have proposed pathways to false allegations of sexual assault, more research is needed to determine the extent to which these pathways occur in actual cases. This chapter also deals with the logic of the use of false allegation rates to determine if a particular allegation is true and suggests a much more nuanced question, that is, What are the rates of false allegations (and true and undetermined cases), judged by what evidentiary standard (e.g., preponderance of evidence, clear and convincing evidence, beyond reasonable doubt, etc.), by what operational definitions of false (e.g., recantations, medical evidence), in what population, with what other relevant characteristics (e.g., mental health diagnoses, past history of lying) with what sampling limitations (e.g., nonrandom convenience sample), made against whom (ex-lover, stranger, current partner), during what time period (e.g., 1960–1965), in what stage of the forensic process (e.g., court trial), with what interrater-reliability, with what possible researcher bias or general error rate?
The manipulation of interfacial architecture for chemical analysis

Thiol-containing aand p-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives have been synthesized as precursors for the preparation of the analogous monolayers chemisorbed at gold surfaces. The derivatives were formed by the complete replacement of the primary hydroxyl groups at the bottom of the CD cavities of the two oligomers with -S(CH2)2SH groups. The long term goals of this effort is the creation of interfacial structures that exhibit the well known guesthost selectivity of the many solution-soluble forms of CDs. Both solvent and immersion studies of the formation of monolayer have been characterized by infrared reflection spectroscopy, optical ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. The results confirm the formation of monolayers for the adsorbates when DMF was used as the solvent. These results further indicated that both forms of the CD-derivatives adopt an orientation whereby the principle axis of the CD cavity is oriented towards the surface normal. Our findings also reveal that when ethanol or tetrahydrofuran are used as the solvents, multilayer structures are formed that are connected
Black Males, Impulsivity, and Externalizing Behaviors: A Black Criminology Analysis

In this paper, we explored whether the relationship between externalizing behaviors and impulsivity may have racialized dimensions. To do so, we uniquely constructed an unbalanced panel dataset fro...
The Interpersonal Consequences of Saying No to Non-Promotable Work Requests: A Status Perspective

In this paper, the effect of refusing (vs. accepting) non-promotable work requests on status bestowed on these requestees and the factors that regulate this status conferral process is examined. Theory and predictions related to this refusal-status link are developed. Six experimental studies using participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk and Prolific Academic are proposed to test the predictions empirically. It is proposed that declining (compared to accepting) non-promotable requests enhances perceptions of competence but decreases perceptions of group-oriented motivations. Thus, on the one hand, refusals enhance status through enhanced competence perceptions. On the other hand, refusals reduce status through decreased group-oriented motivation perceptions. The net result of refusals on status through both the competence and group-oriented perceptions routes are proposed to be examined in an exploratory manner through a parallel mediation model. Boundary conditions of the refusal-status link are outlined. It is proposed that those who refuse through indirect means, such as offering a considerate refusal response (compared to those who refuse directly or accept) are perceived as most competent. They are also seen as more group-oriented than those who refuse directly but less group-oriented than those who accept non-promotable requests. Refusing requests from higher status (compared to equal status) requesters leads to increased competence perceptions. Finally, other boundary conditions, such as the requestee’s gender, the rater’s gender, the rater’s assertiveness levels, and the rater’s moral personality (moral character and moral foundations), are proposed to be examined in an exploratory manner.
PLL-Free Active Synchronous Grid-Connected Control Strategy of Distributed Energy Storage

To achieve a smooth transition from the off-grid mode to the grid-connected mode for plug-and-play distributed energy storage (DES), the synchronization of the output voltage of DES and the grid voltage should be primarily considered. In this paper, an optimized active synchronization grid-connected strategy for DES is proposed. The impact of the grid-connected switching of distributed energy storage is analyzed. Considering that the product of two voltage vectors contains the information of both frequency and phase, a single frequency phase synchronization controller is designed which can rapidly achieve active synchronization of DES. The proposed PLL-free technology can avoid the accuracy and response speed problems that may be caused by the PLL during grid connection, and can also reduce the complexity of the control system. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can realize grid voltage quick tracking and smooth gird-connecting. The effectiveness of this method is proved.