cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On standard and vector finite element analysis of a strict anti-plane shear plasticity model with elastic curvature

Abstract A finite deformation plasticity model with plasticity driven by curvature of lattice elastic deformation (due to geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs)) and by scalar, statistically averaged lattice elastic deformation (due to statistically stored dislocations (SSDs)), is formulated for strict anti-plane shear kinematics and implemented by standard and vector finite element (FE) methods. The curl of the elastic part of the deformation gradient represents the elastic lattice curvature that a grain or subgrain cell experiences as a result of the presence of GNDs at grain or subgrain cell boundaries. “Strict” anti-plane shear implies that the form of the elastic and plastic parts of the deformation gradient are the same as the total deformation gradient, which is the unity tensor plus the dyadic product of the out-of-plane normal and displacement gradient. The plasticity model with elastic curvature leads to a partial differential equation (PDE) to solve for the plastic vector, rather than an ordinary differential equation for standard plasticity without curvature. Along with the linear momentum balance, this leads to a coupled system of PDEs for which to solve numerically by a coupled FE implementation. Aside from the out-of-plane displacements, a plastic vector is solved for at the nodes for the standard element, and along element edges for the vector element. Numerical examples verify the standard and vector element implementations, and demonstrate the additional hardening due to the elastic curvature generated at the notched crack tip for a mode III anti-plane shear crack simulation.
Variations in Metastasis Site by Primary Location in Colon Cancer.

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether sites of distant recurrence are associated with specific locations of primary disease in colon cancer. A cohort including all patients (n = 947) undergoing a segmental colonic resection for colon cancer at our center (2004–2011) comparing site-specific metastatic presentation and recurrence rates, as well as their respective multivariable American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage-adjusted hazard ratios (mHR). Right-sided colectomies (n = 557) had a lower overall metastasis rate (24.8 % vs. 31.8 %; P = 0.017; mHR = 1.24 [95% CI: 0.96–1.60]; P = 0.011) due to significantly lower pulmonary metastasis in follow-up (2.7 % vs. 9 %; P < 0.001; mHR = 0.32 [95% CI: 0.17–0.58]; P = 0.001) and lower overall liver metastasis rate (15.6 vs. 22.1 %; P = 0.012; mHR = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.55–0.99];P = 0.050). Left colectomies (n = 127) had higher rates of liver metastasis during follow-up (9.4 % vs. 4.8 %; P = 0.029; mHR = 1.64 [95% CI: 0.86–3.15]; P = 0.134). Sigmoid resections (n = 238) had higher baseline rates of liver metastasis (17.1 % vs. 11.3 %; P = 0.015) and higher cumulative rates of lung (12.2 % vs. 5.4 %; P < 0.001; mHR = 2.26 [95 % CI: 1.41–3.63]; P = 0.001) and brain metastases (2.3 % vs. 0.6 %; P = 0.033; mHR = 4.03 [95% CI: 1.14–14.3]; P = 0.031). Other sites of metastasis, including the (retro) peritoneum, omentum, ovary, and bone, did not yield significant differences. Important variations in site-specific rates of metastatic disease exist within major resection regions of colon cancer. These variations may be important to consider when evaluating options for adjuvant treatment and surveillance after resection of the primary disease.
Frank Batten: the untold story of the founder of The Weather Channel

Frank Batten: the untold story of the founder of The Weather Channel, by Connie Sage, Charlottesville, VA, University of Virginia Press, 2011, ix + 191 pp., illus., $27.95 (hardback), £14.88 (Kindl...
Gravitational stabilization of scalar potentials

Abstract Using the formalism of Boucher we derive the conditions under which gravity can stabilize otherwise metastable or unstable scalar field configurations. For the case of a double-welled potential we rederive the stability criteria first obtained by Coleman and DeLuccia. Our derivation does not require the assumption of O(4) symmetry or the thin-walled approximation used in their work. We also give the conditions for which gravity can stabilize the symmetric points of general quartic potentials and of a Coleman-Weinberg potential.
The LMFBR -- An International Effort

Review of the operating experience and current status of the twenty LMFBR projects around the world establishes that substantial progress has been made in the development of the LMFBR as an alternative long-time energy source displaying high efficiency in the use of natural resources.
COMPARISON OF SONICATED ALBUMIN ENHANCED SONOGRAPHY TO FLUOROSCOPIC AND RADIONUCLIDE VOIDING CYSTOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING VESICOURETERAL REFLUX

AbstractPurpose: We compared sonicated albumin enhanced sonography to fluoroscopic and radionuclide voiding cystography for detecting vesicoureteral reflux.Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent we enrolled in our study 20 patients with known or suspected vesicoureteral reflux and no contraindications to intravesical sonicated albumin. All patients underwent albumin enhanced sonography, following which 10 patients each underwent radionuclide and fluoroscopic voiding cystography. Reflux was graded by the observing radiologist and urologist.Results: In 10 patients albumin enhanced sonography demonstrated reflux in 6 of the 7 (83%) ureters in which radionuclide cystography identified reflux. In 2 patients ultrasound studies were inadequate due to excessive movement during the procedure, and the patients were classified as unevaluable. In the remaining 10 patients 12 of 20 ureters (60%) were equal in the absence or presence of and degree of reflux on enhanced sonography and voiding cystoureth...
Neocortical system abnormalities in autism: An fMRI study of spatial working memory

Objective: To test the hypothesis that deficits in spatial working memory in autism are due to abnormalities in prefrontal circuitry. Methods: Functional MRI (fMRI) at 3 T was performed in 11 rigorously diagnosed non–mentally retarded autistic and six healthy volunteers while they performed an oculomotor spatial working memory task and a visually guided saccade task. Results: Autistic subjects demonstrated significantly less task-related activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area [BA] 9/46) and posterior cingulate cortex (BA 23) in comparison with healthy subjects during a spatial working memory task. In contrast, activation of autistic individuals was not reduced in other regions comprising the neural circuitry for spatial working memory including the cortical eye fields, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, basal ganglia, thalamus, and lateral cerebellum. Autistic subjects also did not demonstrate reduced activation in any brain regions while performing visually guided saccades. Conclusion: Impairments in executive cognitive processes in autism may be subserved by abnormalities in neocortical circuitry as evidenced by decreased activation in prefrontal and posterior cingulate circuitry during a spatial working memory task.
Early Detection Programs for Preschool Han Dicapped Children : Some Procedural Recommendations

A review of surveillance programs for infants and young handicapped children conducted by physicians is presented. Significant implications for early identification programs for preschool children are: (a) Screening systems should include multiple sources of data upon which decisions are made about children; (b) conceptually, screening should include procedures that assess the ongoing transaction between the child and the care-givers in his/her environment; and (c) surveillance should be conducted serially over time rather than employ a binary outcome procedure.
Digital Neural Networks

Demands for applications requiring massive parallelism in symbolic environments have given rebirth to research in models labeled as neural networks. These models are made up of many simple nodes which are highly interconnected such that computation takes place as data flows amongst the nodes of the network. To present, most models have proposed nodes based on simple analog functions, where inputs are multiplied by weights and summed, the total then optionally being transformed by an arbitrary function at the node. Learning in these systems is accomplished by adjusting the weights on the input lines. This paper discusses the use of digital (boolean) nodes as a primitive building block in connectionist systems. Digital nodes naturally engender new paradigms and mechanisms for learning and processing in connectionist networks. The digital nodes are used as the basic building block of a class of models called ASOCS (Adaptive Self-Organizing Concurrent Systems). These models combine massive parallelism with the ability to adapt in a self-organizing fashion. Basic features of standard neural network learning algorithms and those proposed using digital nodes are compared and contrasted. The latter mechanisms can lead to vastly improved efficiency for many applications.
Reducing instruction fetch cost by packing instructions into register windows

Instruction packing is a combination compiler/ architectural approach that allows for decreased code size, reduced power consumption and improved performance. The packing is obtained by placing frequently occurring instructions into an Instruction Register File (IRF). Multiple IRF entries can then be accessed using special packed instructions. Previous IRF efforts focused on using a single 32-entry register file for the duration of an application. This paper presents software and hardware extensions to the IRF supporting multiple instruction register windows to allow a greater number of relevant instructions to be available for packing in each function. Windows are shared among similar functions to reduce the overall costs involved in such an approach. The results indicate that significant improvements in instruction fetch cost can be obtained by using this simple architectural enhancement. We also show that using an IRF with a loop cache, which is also used to reduce energy consumption, results in much less energy consumption than using either feature in isolation.
Acclimation and adaptive responses of woody plants to environmental stresses

ABSTRACT The predominant emphasis on harmful effects of environmental stresses on growth of woody plants has obscured some very beneficial effects of such stresses. Slowly increasing stresses may induce physiological adjustment that protects plants from the growth inhibition and/or injury that follow when environmental stresses are abruptly imposed. In addition, short exposures of woody plants to extreme environmental conditions at critical times in their development often improve growth. Furthermore, maintaining harvested seedlings and plant products at very low temperatures extends their longevity. Drought tolerance: Seedlings previously exposed to water stress often undergo less inhibition of growth and other processes following transplanting than do seedlings not previously exposed to such stress. Controlled wetting and drying cycles often promote early budset, dormancy, and drought tolerance. In many species increased drought tolerance following such cycles is associated with osmotic adjustment that ...
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2 Glycoprotein C Prevents Complement-Mediated Neutralization Induced by Natural Immunoglobulin M Antibody

Glycoprotein C (gC) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) binds complement component C3b and protects virus from complement-mediated neutralization. Differences in complement interacting domains exist between gC of HSV-1 (gC1) and HSV-2 (gC2), since the amino terminus of gC1 blocks complement C5 from binding to C3b, while gC2 fails to interfere with this activity. We previously reported that neutralization of HSV-1 gC-null virus by HSV antibody-negative human serum requires activation of C5 but not of downstream components of the classical complement pathway. In this report, we evaluated whether activation of C5 is sufficient to neutralize HSV-2 gC-null virus, or whether formation of the membrane attack complex by C6 to C9 is required for neutralization. We found that activation of the classical complement pathway up to C5 was sufficient to neutralize HSV-2 gC-null virus by HSV antibody-negative human serum. We evaluated the mechanisms by which complement activation occurred in seronegative human serum. Interestingly, natural immunoglobulin M antibodies bound to virus, which triggered activation of C1q and the classical complement pathway. HSV antibody-negative sera obtained from four individuals differed over an approximately 10-fold range in their potency for complement-mediated virus neutralization. These findings indicate that humans differ in the ability of their innate immune systems to neutralize HSV-1 or HSV-2 gC-null virus and that a critical function of gC1 and gC2 is to prevent C5 activation.
Learning Disabled and Nondisabled Children's Strategy Analyses under High and Low Success Conditions.

Learning disabled and nondisabled children were asked to explain their high and low scores on a bowling game under conditions of either high or low success. Nondisabled children experiencing a low degree of success made more specific analyses of their performances than did nondisabled children experiencing a high degree of success; however, learning disabled children's explanations did not differ over the two conditions. In addition, the children's perceptions of and attributions about their performances were assessed. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the widely reported strategy-production deficits of learning disabled children.
Prognostic value of round cell (lymphocyte) infiltration in malignant gliomas

The biopsy specimens of 342 patients with malignant glioma were evaluated to determine the extent and prognostic significance of round cell infiltration within these representative tissues: (a) tumor, (b) peritumoral, (c) hypervascular, (d) necrotic, and (e) normal tissue. Thirty-six percent of all biopsy specimens showed at least one tissue area with round cell infiltration. Patients in age groups 0 to 25 years and 71 years and older tended to show less round cell infiltration than did patients 41 to 55 years old. The presence of round cell infiltration in tissue was associated with a poor prognosis. Patients showing any infiltration had mean survival times of 8.4 months as opposed to 11.9 months for those showing no infiltration. The relationship between round cell infiltration and poor prognosis is true, irrespective of postoperative therapy, sex, and age.
Multiscale pulse dynamics in communication systems with strong dispersion management.

The evolution of an optical pulse in a strongly dispersion-managed fiber-optic communication system is studied. The pulse is decomposed into a fast phase and a slowly evolving amplitude. The fast phase is calculated exactly, and a nonlocal equation for the evolution of the amplitude is derived. In the limit of weak dispersion management the equation reduces to the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. A class of stationary solutions of this equation is obtained; they represent pulses with a Gaussian-like core and exponentially decaying oscillatory tails, and they agree with direct numerical solutions of the full system.
An integrated environment for DSP systems design

A description is given of ADS (ALPS design system), a completely integrated environment for signal processing systems design. ADS provides complete designer interaction at each level of migration from algorithmic specification to hardware simulation and finally to systems integration. This design environment offers a closed-loop method for development and implementation of a high-performance signal processing computer. The target methodology for ADS is ALPS (alternate low-level primitive structures), a self-synchronizing, self-scheduling, distributed control architecture. >
LEBESGUE CONSTANTS ARISING IN A CLASS OF COLLOCATION METHODS

Estimates are obtained for the Lebesgue constants associated with the Gauss quadra- ture points on (i1, +1) augmented by the point i1 and with the Radau quadrature points on either (i1, +1) or (i1, +1). It is shown that the Lebesgue constants are O( p N), where N is the number of quadrature points. These point sets arise in the estimation of the residual associated with recently developed orthogonal collocation schemes for optimal control problems. For problems with smooth solutions, the estimates for the Lebesgue constants can imply an exponential decay of the residual in the collocated problem as a function of the number of quadrature points. tablished for these schemes. The analysis is based on a bound for the inverse of a linearized operator associated with the discretized problem, and an estimate for the residual one gets when substituting the solution to the continuous problem into the discretized problem. This paper focuses on the estimation of the residual. We show that the residual in the sup-norm is bounded by the sup-norm distance between the derivative of the solution to the continuous problem and the derivative of the inter- polant of the solution. By Markov's inequality (18), this distance can be bounded in terms of the Lebesgue constant for the point set and the error in best polynomial approximation. A classic result of Jackson (17) gives an estimate for the error in best approximation. The Lebesgue constant that we need to analyze corresponds to the roots of a Jacobi polynomial on (−1, +1) augmented by either ? = +1 or ? = −1. The effects of the added endpoints were analyzed by Vertesi in (24). For either the Gauss quadrature points on (−1, +1) augmented by ? = +1 or the Radau quadrature points on (−1, +1) or on (−1, +1), the bound given in (24, Thm. 2.1) for the Lebesgue constants is O(log(N) √ N), where N is the number of quadrature points. We sharpen this bound to O( √ N). To motivate the relevance of the Lebesgue constant to collocation methods, let us consider the scalar first-order differential equation u
A Practical and Flexible Key Management Mechanism For Trusted Collaborative Computing

Trusted collaborative computing (TCC) is a new research and application paradigm. Two important challenges in such a context are represented by secure information transmission among the collaborating parties and selective differentiated access to data among members of collaborating groups. Addressing such challenges requires, among other things, developing techniques for secure group communication (SGQ), secure dynamic conferencing (SDC), differential access control (DIF-AC), and hierarchical access control (HAC). Cryptography and key management have been intensively investigated and widely applied in order to secure information. However, there is a lack of key management mechanisms which are general and flexible enough to address all requirements arising from information transmission and data access. This paper proposes the first holistic group key management scheme which can directly support all these functions yet retain efficiency. The proposed scheme is based on the innovative concept of access control polynomial (ACP) that can efficiently and effectively support full dynamics, flexible access control with fine-tuned granularity, and anonymity. The new scheme is immune from various attacks from both external and internal malicious parties.
Systemic arterial hypertension in head trauma

The importance of maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure to prevent cerebral ischemia is a well accepted concept in the management of patients with head injury. The potentially deleterious effects of too great a perfusion pressure, however, are generally less well appreciated. The occurrence of a hyperadrenergic state after head injury, and the effects of elevated blood pressure on the injured brain are reviewed, with emphasis placed on the pathophysiologic implications of a disturbance of the blood-brain barrier and of autoregulation in promoting brain swelling and formation of edema.
Elective induction of labour is associated with decreased perinatal mortality and lower odds of caesarean section at 40 and 41 weeks

Commentary on : Wood S, Cooper S, Ross S. Does induction of labour increase the risk of caesarean section? A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials in women with intact membranes. BJOG 2014;121:674–85.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] It is widely believed that induction of labour increases the chance of caesarean delivery, posing unnecessary risks to mother and fetus.1 ,2 While many past observational studies have found higher risk of adverse outcomes with elective induction, these studies have all had a singular methodological flaw, in that they have been designed to compare induction of labour to spontaneous labour at the same gestational age—a comparison that is not clinically relevant and is potentially misleading. Immediate spontaneous labour is not the clinical alternative to induction of labour, allowing … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBJOG%26rft.volume%253D121%26rft.spage%253D674%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252F1471-0528.12328%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23834460%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/1471-0528.12328&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23834460&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F6%2F236.atom
Sunshine and the Open Shop: Ford and Darwin in 1920s Los Angeles

By 1910, Los Angeles was already notorious as national capital of the open shop. During World War I, the Chamber of Commerce launched an ambitious campaign to attract eastern investment to new manufacturing districts southeast of downtown. With the arrival of hundreds of branch plants in the 1920s, Los Angeles' business leaders—quoting Ford and vulgarizing Darwin—embraced a sweeping vision of Urban Eugenics based on scientific factory planning, proprietary industrial suburbs, mass-produced bungalows, and a racially selected workforce. Even Mother Nature was a scab.
The credibility of recovered memory testimony: exploring the effects of alleged victim and perpetrator gender.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to explore the effects of victim/complainant and perpetrator/defendant gender on the impact of recovered memory testimony in criminal sexual abuse trials. METHOD: A jury simulation methodology was used. Two hundred forty-six participants read a summary of a sexual abuse trial in which the following three variables were manipulated: the complainant's gender, the defendant's gender, and whether the complainant's memory of the alleged abuse had been "recovered" or remembered all along. Participants reached a verdict and rated the culpability and credibility of the parties. RESULTS: Compared to a case where the memory of the abuse had always been remembered, recovered memory testimony led to lower perceptions of the defendant's culpability and higher perceptions of the defendant's credibility. In addition, the complainant with recovered memory was viewed as less credible and less likely to be telling the truth. These effects of testimony type (i.e., recovered vs. remembered) were qualified by an interaction with complainant and defendant gender, such that testimony type exerted an effect in cases of alleged heterosexual but not homosexual abuse. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that mock jurors' judgments in sexual abuse cases reflect their stereotypes about sexual abuse and expectations regarding the relative likelihood of repression in various circumstances. Language: en
Episodic thermal perturbations associated with groundwater flow: An example from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

present a new temperature-depth profile from a deep well on the summit of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and analyze it in conjunction with a temperature profile measured 26 years earlier. We propose two groundwater flow models to interpret the complex temperature profiles. The first is a modified confined lateral flow model (CLFM) with a continuous flux of hydrothermal fluid. In the second, transient flow model (TFM), slow conductive cooling follows a brief, advective heating event. We carry out numerical simulations to examine the timescales associated with each of the models. Results for both models are sensitive to the initial conditions, and with realistic initial conditions it takes between 750 and 1000 simulation years for either model to match the measured temperature profiles. With somewhat hotter initial conditions, results are consistent with onset of a hydrothermal plume � 550 years ago, coincident with initiation of caldera subsidence. We show that the TFM is consistent with other data from hydrothermal systems and laboratory experiments and perhaps is more appropriate for this highly dynamic environment. The TFM implies that volcano-hydrothermal systems may be dominated by episodic events and that thermal perturbations may persist for several thousand years after hydrothermal flow has ceased. INDEX TERMS: 1878 Hydrology: Water/ energy interactions; 3210 Mathematical Geophysics: Modeling; 8424 Volcanology: Hydrothermal systems (8135); 3230 Mathematical Geophysics: Numerical solutions; 1829 Hydrology: Groundwater hydrology;
Conformational Insights into the Mechanism of Acetylaminofluorene-dG-Induced Frameshift Mutations in the NarI Mutational Hotspot

Frameshift mutagenesis encompasses the gain or loss of DNA base pairs, resulting in altered genetic outcomes. The NarI restriction site sequence 5′-G1G2CG3CX-3′ in Escherichia coli is a well-known mutational hotspot, in which lesioning of acetylaminofluorene (AAF) at G3* induces a greater −2 deletion frequency than that at other guanine sites. Its mutational efficiency is modulated by the nature of the nucleotide in the X position (C ∼ A > G ≫ T). Here, we conducted a series of polymerase-free solution experiments that examine the conformational and thermodynamic basis underlying the propensity of adducted G3 to form a slipped mutagenic intermediate (SMI) and its sequence dependence during translesion synthesis (TLS). Instability of the AAF-dG3:dC pair at the replication fork promoted slippage to form a G*C bulge-out SMI structure, consisting of S- (“lesion stacked”) and B-SMI (“lesion exposed”) conformations, with conformational rigidity increasing as a function of primer elongation. We found greater sta...
Improving Health in Developing Countries: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations

We summarize evidence from the growing body of randomized evaluations on health in developing countries from the perspective of the human capital investment model, cost-effectiveness analysis, and behavioral economics. Many cost-effective methods of infectious disease prevention have limited uptake. Contributing factors include externalities from infectious disease prevention, public goods problems, liquidity constraints, and behavioral factors, such as present bias and limited attention. Across a variety of contexts, consumer use of cost-effective products for prevention and non-acute care is highly sensitive to price and convenience. Health education has a mixed record, often working in combination with incentives and functioning through increasing salience rather than delivering information. The quality of health services in many developing countries is very poor, with weak incentives for public sector health workers. Reforms that strengthen incentives show promise but institutional details matter. Programs based on this more nuanced understanding of health decision making can save millions of lives.
Clinic provision of contraceptive services to managed care enrollees.

By the mid-1990s 73% of insured private-sector employees in the US and 40% of Medicaid recipients were enrolled in a managed health care plan. To determine whether US family planning programs are serving managed care clients and receiving reimbursement a survey was mailed in 1995 to a nationally representative sample of 885 publicly funded agencies. Completed surveys were returned by 603 agencies (68%). Half the agencies had served known enrollees of managed care plans; 24% had served managed care enrollees under contract 13% had sought out-of-plan reimbursement for services provided to enrollees and 12% had used other sources to cover the costs of these services. 47% of hospital-based family planning clinics 43% of those affiliated with community health centers 31% of Planned Parenthood affiliates 20% of independent agencies and 10% of health department agencies had at least one contract with a managed care plan. Family planning clinics administered by hospitals and community health centers were most likely to have contracts to provide full primary care services to managed care enrollees while Planned Parenthood affiliates tended to have contracts that covered contraceptive provision only. In general agencies reported that contracts with private plans placed more restrictions on enrollees (e.g. in terms of preauthorization treatment plans and use of specific laboratories and pharmacies) than contracts with Medicaid managed care plans. Confidentiality concerns and a desire to maintain long-standing clinical relationships were identified as the main reasons enrollees of managed care plans continued with out-of-plan providers. Overall 49% of agencies surveyed expected further expansion of managed care to have a negative impact on their program. Family planning agencies must seek ways to continue to provide timely confidential and comprehensive contraceptive care as they work within or around the restrictions and requirements of managed care plans.
Surface Behavior of Malonic Acid Adsorption at the Air/Water Interface

The presence of organic materials adsorbed to the surfaces of aerosol particles has been demonstrated to be a determining factor in relevant atmospheric processes. Malonic acid is a small, water-soluble organic acid that is common in aerosols and is surface-active. A comprehensive investigation of the adsorption of malonic acid to the air/water interface was accomplished using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) and surface tension measurements as functions of concentration and pH. Malonic acid was found to be weakly solvated at the air/water interface, and its orientation as a function of concentration was explored through different VSFS polarization schemes. pH-dependent experiments revealed that the surface-active species is the fully protonated species. Computational analyses were used to obtain depth-specific geometries of malonic acid at the air/water interface that confirm and enrich the experimental results.
Transdermal nitroglycerin in angina pectoris

The transdermal nitroglycerin patches have been very successful nitrate formulations since their introduction in 1982. Nevertheless, considerable controversy regarding efficacy and tolerance has arisen. Nitroglycerin has multiple mechanisms of action in angina pectoris. Transdermal nitroglycerin in ointment formulation has been known to be effective in angina. The patches, when used in a dose of greater than or equal to 10 mg (24 h)-1, provide classic nitrate NTG effects in angina patients. However, the problem of nitrate tolerance is significant; in acute dosing, the transdermal patches lose their efficacy by 24 h and, with chronic dosing, appear usually to have little advantage over placebo in improvement of angina. An intermittent or interval approach to transdermal patch delivery appears to be the best method of avoiding nitrate tolerance. Current data suggest using the patches for 12 or 14 h consecutively and then removing them for 10-12 h. Such dosing strategies appear to eliminate or markedly reduce the problem of nitrate tolerance.
Aligned Nanotopography Promotes a Migratory State in Glioblastoma Multiforme Tumor Cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive, Grade IV astrocytoma with a poor survival rate, primarily due to the GBM tumor cells migrating away from the primary tumor site along the nanotopography of white matter tracts and blood vessels. It is unclear whether this nanotopography influences the biomechanical properties (i.e. cytoskeletal stiffness) of GBM tumor cells. Although GBM tumor cells have an innate propensity to migrate, we believe this capability is enhanced due to the influence of nanotopography on the tumor cells’ biomechanical properties. In this study, we used an aligned nanofiber film that mimics the nanotopography in the tumor microenvironment to investigate the mechanical properties of GBM tumor cells in vitro. The data demonstrate that the cytoskeletal stiffness, cell traction stress, and focal adhesion area were significantly lower in the GBM tumor cells compared to healthy astrocytes. Moreover, the cytoskeletal stiffness was significantly reduced when cultured on aligned nanofiber films compared to smooth and randomly aligned nanofiber films. Gene expression analysis showed that tumor cells cultured on the aligned nanotopography upregulated key migratory genes and downregulated key proliferative genes. Therefore, our data suggest that the migratory potential is elevated when GBM tumor cells are migrating along aligned nanotopographical substrates.
Selective inhibition of p97 by chlorinated analogues of dehydrocurvularin

The ATPase p97 is a ubiquitin targeted segregase that uses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to extract ubiquitylated substrates from biological membranes, from other proteins, or from protein complexes to carry out myriad tasks in eukaryotes. Increased p97 activity has been linked to a poor prognosis in cancer patients, making p97 an anti-neoplastic target. In the present study, we show that dehydrocurvularin (DHC) and its chlorinated variants are covalent inhibitors of p97, interfering with its ATPase activity. Interestingly, cellular studies revealed both DHC and its monochloro analogue interfere with both the proteasome and p97, whereas its dichloro analogue showed p97 specificity.
ISOLATION OF TUMOR ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN (S) FROM A MOLONEY VIRUS INDUCED LEUKEMIA (MBL-2)

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the examination results of isolation of tumor associated antigen(s) from Moloney virus induced leukemia. Several attempts have been made to isolate tumor associated antigen(s) from MBL-2, a Moloney virus induced ascitic lymphoma of C57BL/6 mice. Microcytotoxicity tests are performed using cytotoxic antiserum from C57BL/B6 MSV regressors. It is found that antigen(s) active in the inhibition of humoral cytotoxicity are released from tumor cells incubated with 3 M KCl for 1 h and reach maximum concentration after 4 h of incubation. Tumor-associated antigen(s) could also be recovered from the supernatant of the MBL-2 ascitic supernatant.
Phase I/II study of mogamulizumab, an anti-CCR4 antibody targeting regulatory T cells in advanced cancer patients.

TPS3098Background: Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subset of CD4 T cells that preserve immune homeostasis by the establishment and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. This suppressive function how...
Activation of Siamois by the Wnt pathway

Abstract TheWntpathway and the recently describedXenopushomeobox geneSiamoisshare the ability to mimic Nieuwkoop organizer signaling activity when ectopically expressed, prompting us to ask whether theWntpathway can activateSiamoisexpression. We show that activators of theWntpathway, and the dorsalizing substance LiCl, activateSiamoisexpression inXenopusanimal caps. Furthermore,Siamoisexpression is shown to be activated by β-catenin cell-autonomously. Although certain TGF-β family members, such as Vg1, are potent dorsal mesoderm inducers, the TGF-β pathway only weakly activatedSiamois.Finally, we demonstrate thatSiamoisexpression is eliminated from the marginal zone of UV-irradiatedXenopusembryos, supporting the hypothesis that cortical rotation moves aWnt-like activity into the dorsal region. These results suggest that formation of the Nieuwkoop organizer is dependent on activation ofSiamoisby a localizedWnt-like signaling activity, which may act synergistically with a vegetally localized TGF-β signal.
Urban Regimes, Intermediary Organization Networks, and Research Use: Patterns Across Three School Districts

Recent advances in conceptualizing structures of influence in education policymaking have emphasized the role of nongovernmental actors working in networks to promote their agendas. These useful in...
Spatio-temporal interpolation methods for solar events metadata

This paper introduces three interpolation methods that enrich complex evolving region trajectories that are captured every day from numerous ground-based and space-based solar observatories. The interpolation module takes a trajectory as its input and generates an enriched trajectory with interpolated time-geometry pairs. we created three different interpolation techniques that are: MBR-Interpolation (Minimum Bounding Rectangle Interpolation), CP-Interpolation (Complex Polygon Interpolation), and FP-Interpolation (Filament Polygon Interpolation). The methods combine K-means clustering algorithm, shape signature representation, and linear interpolation to generate the missing polygons. This is the first research of this kind that attempts to address the problem of solar big data interpolation. Finally, we outline future improvements and opportunities for solar data interpolation.
Pleistocene Equidae from Sheridan County, Nebraska

The horse metapodials collected by field parties of the University of Nebraska State Museum from the medial Pleistocene "Equus Beds" of northwestern Nebraska appeared to represent three species. Most of the specimens (219 metacarpals and 289 metatarsals) belonged to the asinid species Equus (Asinus) niobrarensis Hay (1913). Six metacarpals and three metatarsals represented a small hemionid, E. (Hemionus)francisci Hay (1915) and one metatarsal was that of the large hemionid E. (H.) calobatus Troxell (1915). The referral of each horse dentition in the Museum's collections was not possible because no known dental characteristics appeared to be reliable in distinguishing either the asinids from the hemionids or identifying any of three species indicated by the metapodials. However, based on the small number of hemionid metapodials most of the dentitions were assumed to be those of E. (A.) niobrarensis and provided a good example of the range of variation in a single fossil horse species, a range that was greater than had usually been accepted. One of the purposes of this study is to provide a quantitative picture of this range of variation.
Energy transfer between multiple vibrating bimorphs through flow interactions in an otherwise quiescent fluid domain

Energy transfer inside the fluid domain and altering the natural flow state or development path into a more desirable state or path, are extensive and ever-expanding areas of research and application. In this research, we investigate the energy transfer by coupling multiple vibrating structures through flow interactions in an otherwise quiescent fluid. Arrays of closely-spaced, clamped piezoelectric macro-fiber composite bimorphs (which are actuators or sensors) are attached perpendicular to the bottom surface of a tank. The coupling of the vibrating bimorphs due to their interaction with the surrounding fluid is investigated. We study the modal coupling to explore the energy exchange and the induced flow pattern through controlling the parameters such as size, pattern, the density of the attached bimorphs, and the magnitude and frequency of the actuation voltage. An analytical study, supported by experiments, is performed to assess the velocity and output voltage response of the bimorphs to see their effects on the interconnection between the induced fluid-particle dynamics and the geometric and electroelastic properties of the sensor bimorphs. Characterization of the electrohydroelastic dynamics of the active and interacting bimorphs and the induced fluid motion is done by focusing on the vibration of the actuator, vibration and electrical responses of the piezoelectric bimorphs, and the inertia and drag terms.
Cultivating Teachers of General Music Methods: The Graduate Years:

The purpose of this autonarrative inquiry was to explore the professional identity development and mentoring relationships of three general music teacher educators during their time at one universi...
Life History Theory and Tradeoffs: an Obituary Study

According to life history theory, due to limited resources, people are faced with a number of reproductive tradeoffs, including investment in self-development (somatic effort), mating (mating effort), children and parenting, and extended family and community (inclusive fitness/reciprocal altruism). High investment in self-development, a committed relationship, parenting with a limited number of children, and extended family and community involvement tend to go together and are labeled a slow life history strategy. The purpose of this research was to determine if these tradeoffs have empirical support. Obituaries were rated for self-development (length of life, college/occupation), mating effort (marriage, age at marriage), parenting effort (children, number of children), and inclusive fitness/reciprocal altruism (community involvement, funeral arrangements). All of the variables including gender (scored for female) were expected to load positively on a single factor, except number of children that was expected to load negatively. Contrary to expectation, age at marriage loaded negatively and number of children loaded positively. Revisions of life history theory were suggested.
Scale-up of zeolite-Y/polyethersulfone substrate for composite membrane fabrication in CO2 separation

Abstract A vacuum-assisted deposition setup was developed in pilot scale to scale up and continuously deposit zeolite-Y (ZY) nanoparticles on 14-in wide nanoporous polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. The deposited substrate was used for composite membrane fabrication for carbon capture from flue gas. The effects of operating parameters, including ZY dispersion concentration, pressure differential, and web speed, on the ZY layer thickness and uniformity were studied. A ZY dispersion concentration of 0.08 wt%, a pressure differential of 3.7 in Hg, and a web speed of 3 ft/min were identified as the optimal operating conditions for depositing a thin and uniform ZY layer with a thickness of approximately 160 nm. A mathematical model with two adjustable parameters was derived from Darcy's law to correlate the operating parameters to the ZY layer thickness. After coating a polymeric amine-containing selective layer on the deposited substrate, the formed composite membrane showed a CO2 permeance of 800 GPU with a CO2/N2 selectivity over 150 at the typical flue gas temperature of 57 °C, which was superior to the performance of the membrane coated on the bare PES substrate. This improvement was due to the reduced selective layer penetration and effective diffusional length from the deposited substrate.
Partial Differential Equations of Second and Higher Order

We will use the abbreviation PDE for partial differential equation and ODE for ordinary differential equation.
Sentence Structure in Chimpanzee Communication

There are now two experiments on teaching chimpanzees a human language that have been in some sense successful (Gardner & Gardner 1971; Premack 1971b). It is an appropriate time to review these experiments in an attempt to determine what they have demonstrated.
Massively-Parallel Realizations of Self-Consistent Perturbation Theories

Propagator-renormalized perturbation theory for the temperature Green’s functions and ther-modynamic potential was introduced in 1960 by Luttinger and Ward [1], who showed that the thermodynamic potential can be expressed in terms of the Green’s function and self-energy as $$\Omega (T,\mu )=-2Tr[\sum{G+1n(-{{G}_{0}}^{-1}+\sum{)]+\Phi [G],}} $$ (1) where ‘Tr’ denotes a generalized trace over all arguments of the Green’s function; for example, in the momentum-frequency representation, Tr[A] = (T/N) Σk Σ n A(k,e n ), with N the number of lattice sites (for simplicity we will consider only paramagnetic systems). Here Φ[G] is a set of Feynman diagrams whose functional derivative with respect to G generates the skeleton-diagram expansion for Σ, $$\sum{(k,{{\varepsilon }_{n}})=\frac{1}{2}}\frac{\delta \Phi [G]}{\delta G(k,{{\varepsilon }_{n}})},$$ (2) and G and ∑ satisfy Dyson’s equation, $$ G(k,{{\varepsilon }_{n}})={{[{{G}_{0}}^{-1}(k,{{\varepsilon }_{n}})]}^{-1}}.$$ (3)
Partners in crime: symbiont-assisted resource acquisition in Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) have a mutualistic relationship with Xenorhabdus bacteria (Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae). This partnership however, is pathogenic to a wide range of insect species. Because of their potent insecticidal ability, they have successfully been implemented in biological control and integrated pest management programs worldwide. Steinernema-Xenorhabdus-insect partnerships are extremely diverse and represent a model system in ecology and evolution to investigate symbioses between invertebrates and microbes. The reproductive fitness of the nematode-bacterium partnership is tightly associated, and maintenance of their virulence is critical to the conversion of the insect host as a suitable environment where this partnership can be perpetuated.
Quantitative validation of Ames IR intensity and new line lists for 32/33/34S16O2, 32S18O2 and 16O32S18O

Abstract The quality of Ames-296K SO2 Infrared (IR) line list intensities is first validated by quantitative exploration of several dipole moment surfaces (DMSs) and partition sum convergence. The DMSs are computed with several of Dunning's correlation-consistent basis sets and their vibrational dependence are compared to the empirical model derived from Stark effect experiments reported by D. Patel, D. Margolese, and T.R. Dyke [J. Chem. Phys. 70, 2740 (1979)]. The effective dipole deviations from the DMS adopted in the Ames IR lists is 0.2–0.4% for vibrational states up to 3ν3. The vibrational dependence of the dipole moment is also in good agreement, except for nν1. Partition sum convergence at 296 K is confirmed by new calculations with rotational quantum number J up to 150 and upper state E’ up to 8000 cm−1. The isotopologue consistency of the Ames IR line lists is superior relative to the regular Effective Hamiltonian (EH) models and Effective Dipole Moment (EDM) models. The ν1 + ν2 and ν2 + ν3 intensity consistency check reveals the recently reported experimental intensities need significant improvement or re-analysis. After the accuracy, convergence, and isotopologue consistency have been confirmed, the theoretical Ames-296K intensities are combined with the experimental line positions or EH models that experimental spectroscopists published after 2009. Three high-resolution IR line sets are reported for the 32/33/34S16O2, 32S18O2 and 16O32S18O isotopologues: (1) the “New Lines Sets” include experimentally measured line positions; (2) the “Expanded Line Sets” include possible transitions among new rovibrational levels assigned in experiments and ground state (GS) levels predicted by reliable EH models; (3) the “Ames + MARVEL Sets” include possible transitions among all those levels reported in a recent MARVEL analysis. [Tobias et al, JQSRT 208, 152 (2018)]. Compared to the limited data in High-resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN), these line sets have significantly improved the data coverage up to 4000 cm−1. Some missing bands can be traced to the unpublished experimental data. The isotopologue consistency of these line sets will help identify the uncertainties and defects in the experimental EH and EDM models. These line sets are good candidates for the next HITRAN update, if line shape parameters are available. The line sets can be downloaded from supplementary files or from the Ames Molecular Spectroscopic Database at http://huang.seti.org .