cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Criticism and Culture

“As Charles Peguy said,” wrote Lionel Trilling in the preface to The Liberal Imagination in 1950, “‘Tout commence en mystique et finit en politique’ — everything begins in sentiment and assumption and finds its issue in political action and institutions. The converse is also true: just as sentiments become ideas, ideas eventually establish themselves as sentiments.” In Trilling’s case the converse became the rule: Tout commence en politique et finit en mystique. No intellectual of his generation was fonder of mystique than Trilling, none more guarded and elusive, cryptic and oracular. His prose was sinuous and elliptical, hinting at depths beyond words and while at the same time disclosing a mind ever attentive to the ballet of ideas, indeed, to its own pirouettes and plies. As Mark Krupnick’s Lionel Trilling and the Fate of Cultural Criticism shows in detail, the favored choreography was one of balances and antitheses, of exquisite tensions and unresolved dialectics. Long before deconstruction became a fashion in the academy, Trilling was practicing it on himself, defending positions from one essay to the next that seemed to stand in opposition to each other, suggesting a turn of mind Krupnick characterized by Krupnick as an “allergy to closure.”
Horror and the Horror Film

Horror films can be profound fables of human nature and important works of art, yet many people dismiss them out of hand. Horror and the Horror Film conveys a mature appreciation for horror films along with a comprehensive view of their narrative strategies, their relations to reality and fantasy and their cinematic power. The volume covers the horror film and its subgenres  such as the vampire movie  from 1896 to the present. It covers the entire genre by considering every kind of monster in it, including the human.
Use of a Quasi-Steady Ablation Model for Design Sensitivity With Uncertainty Propagation

Sensitivity analysis and design calculations are often best performed using low-order models. This work details work done on adding complementary pieces to a low-order, quasi-steady-state ablation model to facilitate uncertainty propagation. The quasi-steady-state ablation model is a one-dimensional, quasi-steady-state, algebraic ablation model that uses finite-rate surface chemistry and equilibrium pyrolysis-gas-production submodels to predict surface recession rate. The material response model is coupled to a film-transfer boundary layer model to enable the computation of heat and mass transfer from an ablating surface. For comparison to arc jet data, a simple shock heated gas model is coupled. A coupled model consisting of submodels for the shock heated gases, film heat and mass transfer, and material response is exercised against recession rate data for surface and in-depth ablators. Comparisons are made between the quasi-state-state ablation model and the unsteady ablation code, Chaleur, as well as to other computations for a graphite ablator in arcjet facilities. The simple models are found to compare reasonably well to both the experimental results and the other calculations. Uncertainty propagation using a moment based method is presented. The results of this study are discussed, and conclusions about the utility of the method as well as the properties of the ablation code are drawn.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Kinase Regulation of Human MHC Class I Molecule Expression on Cancer Cells

The major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-1) presents antigenic peptides to tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. The regulation of MHC-I by kinases is largely unstudied, even though many patients with cancer are receiving therapeutic kinase inhibitors. Regulators of cell-surface HLA amounts were discovered using a pooled human kinome shRNA interference-based approach. Hits scoring highly were subsequently validated by additional RNAi and pharmacologic inhibitors. MAP2K1 (MEK), EGFR, and RET were validated as negative regulators of MHC-I expression and antigen presentation machinery in multiple cancer types, acting through an ERK output-dependent mechanism; the pathways responsible for increased MHC-I upon kinase inhibition were mapped. Activated MAPK signaling in mouse tumors in vivo suppressed components of MHC-I and the antigen presentation machinery. Pharmacologic inhibition of MAPK signaling also led to improved peptide/MHC target recognition and killing by T cells and TCR-mimic antibodies. Druggable kinases may thus serve as immediately applicable targets for modulating immunotherapy for many diseases. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(11); 936-47. ©2016 AACR.
High transition temperature superconducting thin films: in-situ growth, processing and properties

A high-pressure reactive evaporation process and a high-pressure reactive sputtering process have been developed for the growth of high-quality thin films of YBa/sub 2/CU/sub 3/O/sub 7/. Both techniques, when used with heated substrates, are effective in the formation of the 123 phase in situ during the film growth. With reactive evaporation only a cooldown anneal in a higher pressure oxygen ambient is necessary to obtain good superconducting properties. For the reactive sputtering process, a brief, postgrowth, rapid thermal anneal is required for best results. Fully epitaxial growth has been achieved with single-crystal MgO substrates. The resultant films, which can be quite smooth and uniform, have been patterned to micron and submicron dimensions, and the transport properties of these microstructures have been examined. Results are presented on critical currents and Josephson weak links. >
The Physics of Time Travel: Part I

Before we start talking about the physics of time travel, let me say a few more words on time itself, in a way slightly less metaphysical that was the discussion in the previous chapter (which is why I’m writing this here, in a chapter with an increased emphasis on the analytical). When we speak of journeying to either the future or the past, we are implicitly making a distinction in the direction of the time traveler’s trip. But does time actually have a direction? Is there an arrow that points the way? The answer seems obvious: of course time has a direction. After all, everybody ‘knows’ it flows from past to future. There is a curious language problem here, however, because we also like to say the present recedes into the past, which implies a ‘flow’ in the opposite direction, from future to past. Well, despite this snarled syntax, can we at least distinguish past from future, whichever way time flows?
Improving the mapping of crop types in the Midwestern U.S. by fusing Landsat and MODIS satellite data

Abstract Mapping crop types is of great importance for assessing agricultural production, land-use patterns, and the environmental effects of agriculture. Indeed, both radiometric and spatial resolution of Landsat’s sensors images are optimized for cropland monitoring. However, accurate mapping of crop types requires frequent cloud-free images during the growing season, which are often not available, and this raises the question of whether Landsat data can be combined with data from other satellites. Here, our goal is to evaluate to what degree fusing Landsat with MODIS Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) data can improve crop-type classification. Choosing either one or two images from all cloud-free Landsat observations available for the Arlington Agricultural Research Station area in Wisconsin from 2010 to 2014, we generated 87 combinations of images, and used each combination as input into the Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (STARFM) algorithm to predict Landsat-like images at the nominal dates of each 8-day MODIS NBAR product. Both the original Landsat and STARFM-predicted images were then classified with a support vector machine (SVM), and we compared the classification errors of three scenarios: 1) classifying the one or two original Landsat images of each combination only, 2) classifying the one or two original Landsat images plus all STARFM-predicted images, and 3) classifying the one or two original Landsat images together with STARFM-predicted images for key dates. Our results indicated that using two Landsat images as the input of STARFM did not significantly improve the STARFM predictions compared to using only one, and predictions using Landsat images between July and August as input were most accurate. Including all STARFM-predicted images together with the Landsat images significantly increased average classification error by 4% points (from 21% to 25%) compared to using only Landsat images. However, incorporating only STARFM-predicted images for key dates decreased average classification error by 2% points (from 21% to 19%) compared to using only Landsat images. In particular, if only a single Landsat image was available, adding STARFM predictions for key dates significantly decreased the average classification error by 4 percentage points from 30% to 26% (p
annoPeak: a web application to annotate and visualize peaks from ChIP-seq/ChIP-exo-seq.

Summary We developed annoPeak, a web application to annotate, visualize and compare predicted protein-binding regions derived from ChIP-seq/ChIP-exo-seq experiments using human and mouse cells. Users can upload peak regions from multiple experiments onto the annoPeak server to annotate them with biological context, identify associated target genes and categorize binding sites with respect to gene structure. Users can also compare multiple binding profiles intuitively with the help of visualization tools and tables provided by annoPeak. In general, annoPeak will help users identify patterns of genome wide transcription factor binding profiles, assess binding profiles in different biological contexts and generate new hypotheses. Availability and implementation The web service is freely accessible through URL: http://ccc-annopeak.osumc.edu/annoPeak . Source code is available at https://github.com/XingTang2014/annoPeak . Contact gustavo.leone@osumc.edu or kun.huang@osumc.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Isolated intraventricular hemorrhage with a spot sign might also predict hematoma expansion

A 59-year-old man was admitted to the ER with acute encephalopathy and right-sided weakness. Head CT-scan (HCT) revealed isolated intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). CT angiogram (CTA) was notable for a spot sign which hasn't been reported with isolated intraventricular hemorrhage before. A follow-up HCT showed expansion of the IVH. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
AUTOMATED MULTIPLE TARGET SUPERRESOLUTION IMAGING

Single molecule superresolution of multiple targets is challenging due to limited availability of dyes with the required photophysical properties and differential aberrations in emission path. We present an automated high-throughput home-built sequential microscope that overcomes these challenges.
Repeatability and reproducibility of high concentration data in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: I. Overloaded band profiles on Kromasil-C18

Abstract Single-component adsorption-isotherm data were acquired by frontal analysis (FA) for six low-molecular-mass compounds (phenol, aniline, caffeine, theophylline, ethylbenzene and propranolol) on one Kromasil-C18 column, using water–methanol solutions (between 70:30 and 20:80, v/v) as the mobile phase. Propranolol data were also acquired using an acetate buffer (0.2 M) instead of water. The data were modeled for best agreement between calculated and experimental overloaded band profiles. The adsorption energy distribution was also derived and used for the selection of the best isotherm model. Widely different isotherm models were found to model best the data obtained for these compounds, convex upward (i.e. Langmuirian), convex downward (i.e. anti-Langmuirian), and S-shaped isotherms. Using the same sample size for all columns (loading factor, Lf≈10%), overloaded band profiles were recorded on four different columns packed with the same batch of Kromasil-C18 and five other columns packed with different batches of Kromasil-C18. These experimental band profiles were compared to the profile calculated from the isotherm measured by FA on the first column. The repeatability as well as the column-to-column and the batch-to-batch reproducibilities of the band profiles are better than 4%.
Transit-hub: a smart public transportation decision support system with multi-timescale analytical services

Public transit is a critical component of a smart and connected community. As such, citizens expect and require accurate information about real-time arrival/departures of transportation assets. As transit agencies enable large-scale integration of real-time sensors and support back-end data-driven decision support systems, the dynamic data-driven applications systems (DDDAS) paradigm becomes a promising approach to make the system smarter by providing online model learning and multi-time scale analytics as part of the decision support system that is used in the DDDAS feedback loop. In this paper, we describe a system in use in Nashville and illustrate the analytic methods developed by our team. These methods use both historical as well as real-time streaming data for online bus arrival prediction. The historical data is used to build classifiers that enable us to create expected performance models as well as identify anomalies. These classifiers can be used to provide schedule adjustment feedback to the metro transit authority. We also show how these analytics services can be packaged into modular, distributed and resilient micro-services that can be deployed on both cloud back ends as well as edge computing resources.
Metabolomics reveals critical adrenergic regulatory checkpoints in glycolysis and pentose-phosphate pathways in embryonic heart

Cardiac energy demands during early embryonic periods are sufficiently met through glycolysis, but as development proceeds, the oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria becomes increasingly vital. Adrenergic hormones are known to stimulate metabolism in adult mammals and are essential for embryonic development, but relatively little is known about their effects on metabolism in the embryonic heart. Here, we show that embryos lacking adrenergic stimulation have ∼10-fold less cardiac ATP compared with littermate controls. Despite this deficit in steady-state ATP, neither the rates of ATP formation nor degradation was affected in adrenergic hormone-deficient hearts, suggesting that ATP synthesis and hydrolysis mechanisms were fully operational. We thus hypothesized that adrenergic hormones stimulate metabolism of glucose to provide chemical substrates for oxidation in mitochondria. To test this hypothesis, we employed a metabolomics-based approach using LC/MS. Our results showed glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate concentrations were not significantly altered, but several downstream metabolites in both glycolytic and pentose-phosphate pathways were significantly lower compared with controls. Furthermore, we identified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as key enzymes in those respective metabolic pathways whose activity was significantly (p < 0.05) and substantially (80 and 40%, respectively) lower in adrenergic hormone-deficient hearts. Addition of pyruvate and to a lesser extent ribose led to significant recovery of steady-state ATP concentrations. These results demonstrate that without adrenergic stimulation, glucose metabolism in the embryonic heart is severely impaired in multiple pathways, ultimately leading to insufficient metabolic substrate availability for successful transition to aerobic respiration needed for survival.
Nitrolipids in kidney physiology and disease

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for maintaining body fluid homeostasis within proper physiologic ranges. Kidney disease is an epidemic clinical problem causing significant morbidity and mortality, and current treatments are limited to renin-angiotensin system blockade or renal replacement therapy for the majority of affected individuals. There is a critical, unmet need for novel pharmacological agents to improve the outcome of patients with kidney disease. Nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) is an endogenously generated electrophilic compound with the capacity to modify thiols in proteins, altering their function. The most important targets appear to be the Keap1/Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, which have widespread effects on antioxidant, detoxifying, and inflammatory responses in cells and tissues. Through these and potentially additional protective actions, NO2-OA may be capable of preserving or enhancing kidney function in acute and chronic kidney diseases.
Project urban infrastructure in Brazilian Amazonia

Brazilian Amazonia has drawn diverse resource extracting and managing projects into its sphere, notably since WWII. Large resource extracting and managing operations necessitated the planning and building of urban infrastructure to serve specific projects in proximity to select local resources. First to enter the regions was the Ford Motor Company at Boa V (Tapajos River) in 1928. Relocation to Belterra a few years later introduced improved housing stock, which has proven its viability by its current inhabitants dedication to its preservation and recent political decision to form a "municipio" independent of Santarem. Serra do Navio and Vila Amazonas were created to serve a large manganese mine in Amapa. Here, the key decision maker created optimal building stock, which carne to serve for the next three decades as model for comparable projects in the region. The formation of these urban places has not been copied or imitated in the open arena. Furthermore, as the products from the region increasingly enter the global economy, for how much longer can the firms provide suitable urban service infrastructure to its cost part of its products in the world Market? Indications point to active thinking of how to provide shelter for technical staff and professionals. A first idea is a platform rotation, which would constitute a radical change. Another possible venue would be federal and/or state government (s) active participation in such project place formation (s) to insure long-term urban system viability, even after the original function for a specific resource operation ended.
Shared leadership in sport for development and peace: A conceptual framework of antecedents and outcomes

• The concept of shared leadership and its applicability in SDP is examined.• A collective view of leadership is valuable for the distinct nature of SDP.• Nine propositions are presented regarding ...
Missing Data Estimation in Developmental Research

Methods of cross-sectional and longitudinal missing data estimation are presented. Since the selection of a technique depends on the pattern of missing data, different patterns are discussed. Both imputation methods (substitution of individual data points) and direct parameter estimation methods (estimation of variance/covariance matrices and mean vectors) are presented. Examples for two of the more general approaches, (1) cross-sectional maximum likelihood estimation of parameters using a multiple-group LISREL model, and (2) direct parameter estimation of longitudinal missing data in the presence of a nested pattern of missingness, are included.
Biochemical Control of Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation in Marine Organisms for Food and Feed Production

It is widely agreed today among plant biologists that higher plants possess several biochemical pathways for assimilating CO2 which are related to the production capabilities of plants. However the research which allows such a broad conclusion was conducted almost exclusively with terrestrial plants. The biochemistry of carbon assimilation with marine plants has not been vigorously studied. So, of necessity, we will summarize carbon metabolism and topics related to productivity in other plants and then consider marine plants. The purposes of this manuscript are: to assess the current status of knowledge on photosynthetic carbon biochemistry in marine plants; to identify some research areas where their biochemistry/ physiology is poorly understood; and to describe some potentially beneficial uses of marine plants for food, feed, fiber and fuel production.
Pesticide Metabolism in Aquatic Organisms

In recent years there have been a number of studies of the fate of pesticides and related model compounds in fish and shellfish. Some of these studies have been in vivo, and have addressed the questions of uptake and excretion of pesticides as well as biotransformation. These studies show that the ability of fish to biotransform pesticides is usually similar to that of other vertebrate species, although there is a tendency for phase 1 biotransformation to be slower in fish. The limited number of in vivo studies that have been conducted in aquatic invertebrates have revealed a number of significant differences between fish and shellfish in their ability to biotransform and excrete pesticides. In vitro studies of enzymes and transport systems involved in pesticide biotransformation, uptake and excretion have provided some explanation and understanding of the in vivo results, and are likely in the future to enable us to predict the likely biotransformation of a new pesticide molecule in a previously studied aquatic species. This information is important in the context of non-target species toxicity and body burdens of pesticides.
Where do we come from, where are we now, and where are we going? The Evolution of Collegiate Recovery Science

Attendees will be provided with a brief history/timeline of collegiate recovery as a field, through the lens of research (with a focus on the explosive growth in knowledge in the last decade). This initial presentation will be followed by a synopsis of the current state of collegiate recovery science, focusing on recent studies in the field (CRP alumni survey; meta-reviews; and any large impact studies published in the last year up to month of the conference). The session will end with a presentation on the directions for the future, making clear calls that not only does the research need to continue and in what suggested ways, but also serving to inspire students to engage in the process as they are our best hope to continue the work in innovative ways we haven't thought of. The current landscape of collegiate recovery research and recovery science overall. Additionally, attendees will be able to describe future directions for this type of inquiry.
Probleme der Stammzellforschung

Einen vernunftigen Ausgleich zwischen Chancen und Risiken zu schaffen fallt dem Menschen nirgends so schwer wie bei seiner Gesundheit. Jeder medizinische Eingriff, jede Operation, jedes Medikament, ja bereits jede Praventivmasnahme bedeutet eine Storung des naturlichen Systems. Der Impfstoff, der Rontgenstrahl, selbst die Umstellung der Ernahrung auf eine bestimmte Diat enthalt ein Restrisiko. Im Einzelfall ist es durch Forschung und klinische Studien auf ein Minimum reduziert. Vielleicht ist es sogar berechenbar, wenn auch nur im statistischen Sinn, und Zulassungsverfahren sowie die Erfahrung des Arztes schutzen vor negativen Uberraschungen. Dennoch bleibt ein Restrisiko bestehen, das jeder Mensch fur sich personlich abwagen und berucksichtigen muss. Das Risiko des Schadensfalls ist, ebenso wie die Chance des hilfreichen Nutzens, eine statistische Grose, die fur den Einzelnen zu einem Hundertprozentereignis werden kann.
Environmental Justice in a Dryland Democracy: A Comment on Water Basin Institutions

This comment to Dryland Democracy (Prof. Janet Neuman, in Dusting Off the Blueprint for a Dryland Democracy: Incorporating Watershed Integrity and Water Availability Into Land Use Decisions (Dryland Democracy)) will expand upon the theme of social costs, exploring how Professor Neuman's basic proposal-water basin institutions with centralized authority-might address some of these inequities. There are not only serious environmental justice issues that must be addressed by a water basin institution, but there are also special complications that would arise during the initial process of consolidating authority. Before that discussion proceeds, however, a brief history of the environmental justice movement is set forth for the benefit of readers who might not be familiar with this sociopolitical development. Following that introduction is a discussion of water-related environmental justice issues that a water basin institution might be expected to address.
Studying for Introductory Psychology: Differences Across Technical College, 2-, and 4-Year Institutions:

Three hundred thirty-three Introductory Psychology (IP) students from a 4-year university, 2-year community college, and a technical college provided survey data. Student self-reports significantly...
Report of the ALCTS CaMMS Heads of Cataloging Departments Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Midwinter Meeting, Seattle, January 2019

The Heads of Cataloging Departments Interest Group Meeting in Seattle, Washington was largely comprised of two excellent presentations focused on enhancing access to library collections. Both speak...
Expression of Cyp2c/Cyp2j subfamily members and oxylipin levels during LPS-induced inflammation and resolution in mice.

Inflammatory stimuli, such as bacterial LPS, alter the expression of many cytochromes P450. CYP2C and CYP2J subfamily members actively metabolize fatty acids to bioactive eicosanoids, which exhibit...
Chain dynamics and glass transition of dry native cellulose solutions in ionic liquids

Dry native cellulose solutions in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylphosphonate (EMImMPO3H), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMImAc), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMImCl) ionic liquids (IL) were investigated using subambient linear viscoelastic oscillatory shear. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of solutions with various cellulose concentrations up to 8.0 wt% were observed as the peaks of loss tangent tan(δ) and loss modulus G′′ in descending temperature sweeps at 1 rad s−1. Cellulose/IL solutions showed a minimum in Tg at ∼2.0 wt% cellulose content before increasing with cellulose concentration, suggesting a perturbation of the strongly structured IL solvents by the cellulose chains. Isothermal frequency sweeps in the vicinity of Tg were used to construct time–temperature-superposition master curves. The angular frequency shift factor aT as a function of temperature indicates Arrhenius behavior within a 9 K range near Tg, allowing calculation of fragility, which was found to be constant up to 8.0 wt% cellulose concentration. This result implied that increasing cellulose concentration initially decreases Tg due to disrupted ionic regularity of ILs, but does not seem to change their fragility.
Minimization of Copper Contamination in Steel Scrap

Copper and tin, as tramp elements in the steel scrap, cause some harmful effects, such as hot shortness caused by a loss of ductility and surface defects. It is also difficult to maintain the quality of the product because the amount of the residual constituents in steel scrap is not consistent. The secondary steel products require consistent copper content and standard due to the limited use of the product for the various applications. Thermodynamically, removing copper from scrap is a viable option, but in reality, the impurities and the included copper in the melt of steel scrap are difficult to remove by conventional methods. Besides, the research of the recycled steel scrap regarding iron and impurities is limited, and it needs to be conducted, in terms of physical and chemical techniques, as the preliminary study to find the efficient separation method.
The contribution of prokaryotes and terrestrial plants to Maldives inter-atoll sapropels: evidence from organic biomarkers

Abstract The composition of organic matter in early Miocene sediment cores obtained from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 359 (IODP Exp. 359) was analysed using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis, a method used to determine concentrations of lignin phenols, fatty acids, sterols and hopanoids. These early Miocene sediment cores contain thick sequences (∼100 m) of interbedded light (organic-poor) and dark (organic-rich) sedimentary layers. A total of 49 samples from cores between 704.4 mbsf to 803.95 mbsf (∼20–23 Ma) at Site U1466 (518 m water depth) was selected with particular emphasis placed on the dark layers, although the light layers were also sampled. While organic compounds were below detection limits in the lighter (white) coloured sedimentary layers, the dark layers, with concentrations of organic carbon up to 20%, contained varying concentrations of all analysed compounds. Although sterols were present, hopanoids were more abundant in the dark layers. The contribution of prokaryotic organisms, estimated from the ratio ([hopanols and hopanoic acids]/[sterols + hopanols and hopanoic acids]), indicates that it was prokaryotic organisms rather than eukaryotic organisms that contributed the majority (∼90%) of the organic matter in the dark layers. In conjunction with this record, more negative δ15N values in the darker layers suggest that the prokaryotic organisms were nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (presumably cyanobacteria). The long-to-short fatty acid ratios, together with sterol distributions and the concentration of lignin phenols, suggest the input of terrestrial plant material occurred during a high total organic carbon (TOC) interval (∼770–810 mbsf), which coincides with more negative carbon isotope ratios. Additionally, the long-to-short fatty acid ratio in this interval was significantly higher in the dark layers than the light layers, suggesting that terrestrial environments suitable for vegetation growth expanded during the interval represented by the dark layers. Furthermore, the ratio of cinnamyl lignin phenols to vanillyl lignin phenols (C/V) is relatively high during these intervals. From these biomarker tracers, we speculate that the terrestrial vegetation was dominated by herbaceous plants adapted to frequent sea-level changes.
Effect of Behavioral Realism on Social Interactions Inside Collaborative Virtual Environments

Collaborative virtual environments (CVEs), wherein people can virtually interact with each other via avatars, are becoming increasingly prominent. However, CVEs differ in type of avatar representat...
CHEMISTRY OF THE ATMOSPHERE | Tracers

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 6, pp 2297–2305, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Weed Control Assessment of Various Carbon Sources for Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation

Greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of several locally available carbon (C) sources on weed suppression using anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD). Carbon sources included rice b...
Disparities in Chronic Health Outcomes and Health Behaviors Between Lesbian and Heterosexual Adult Women in Pittsburgh: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Compared to heterosexual women, lesbian women experience higher rates of many chronic diseases, including depression, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Lesbian women report higher ra...
Social media, protest, & outrage communication in Ethiopia: toward fractured publics or pluralistic polity?

In 2018, Ethiopia experienced a tectonic political shift following the culmination of years of public outcry against the now defunct ruling party, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Fr...
Biblioteca España (Spain Library Park), Medellín, Colombia: “Actions with My Neighborhood”

The Parque Biblioteca Espana (Spain Library Park) in Medellin, Colombia opened in 2007 and it was designed by Colombian Architect Giancarlo Mazzanti. This library is a clear example of how the insertion of the library in the urban fabric was intentionally designed to exert a positive effect in the criminality-ridden contiguous neighborhood where it is located. The government built a cable car to connect this neighborhood to the city by public transportation and build the library to create a positive intervention in the social dynamics of the area. This has proven to be a successful story of urban revitalization in the international context of Colombia. The library’s mission to provide “a space of social inclusion, encounters, coexistence and access to information in a territory that has untiringly fought to banish violence from its social environment,” signals to the social importance of this intervention. This chapter will examine the conditions under which the Spain Library Park (Biblioteca Espana) was built and designed as well as the considerations by which such an intervention was developed. The chapter will also address the development boom in Medellin and the urban discourse based on social urbanism within the context of urban development initiatives.
The Mortgage-Cash Premium Puzzle

We document that mortgaged homebuyers pay an 11% premium relative to all-cash buyers in residential real estate transactions. This premium far exceeds the 3\% premium implied by a realistically calibrated model of rational home sellers with transaction frictions. We obtain similar results from various estimators (e.g., repeat-sales, instrumental-variable, matching, semi-structural), novel data on non-accepted offers, and an experimental survey of U.S. homeowners. Experimental evidence suggests that the combination of non-standard preferences and standard beliefs best explains the 8% puzzle (11% minus 3%). Our findings matter economically, as all-cash purchases account for one-third of all U.S. home purchases over 1980-2017.
Dynamic Response of the Thoracolumbar and Sacral Spine to Simulated Underbody Blast Loading in Whole Body Post Mortem Human Subject Tests

Fourteen simulated underbody blast impact sled tests were performed using a horizontal deceleration sled with the aim of evaluating the dynamic response of the spine in under various conditions. Conditions were characterized by input (peak velocity and time-to-peak velocity for the seat and floor), seat type (rigid or padded) and the presence of personnel protective equipment (PPE). A 50% (T12) and 30% (T8) reduction in the thoracic spine response for the specimens outfitted with PPE was observed. Longer duration seat pulses (55 ms) resulted in a 68–78% reduction in the magnitude of spine responses and a reduction in the injuries at the pelvis, thoracic and lumbar regions when compared to shorter seat pulses (10 ms). The trend analysis for the peak Z (caudal to cranial) acceleration measured along the spine showed a quadratic fit (p < 0.05), rejecting the hypothesis that the magnitude of the acceleration would decrease linearly as the load traveled caudal to cranial through the spine during an Underbody Blast (UBB) event. A UBB event occurs when an explosion beneath a vehicle propels the vehicle and its occupants vertically. Further analysis revealed a relationship (p < 0.01) between peak sacrum acceleration and peak spine accelerations measured at all levels. This study provides an initial analysis of the relationship between input conditions and spine response in a simulated underbody blast environment.
Principles of Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma Patients

Glioblastomas are aggressive tumors with diffusely infiltrating disease and, despite years of ongoing research, patient prognosis remains poor. Glioblastomas tend to recur locally, therefore emphasizing the importance of optimizing local control with radiation therapy. Since the landmark EORTC/NCIC CTG study, the standard of care for the treatment of glioblastomas remains maximal safe resection followed by concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide. While this standard of care treatment has not changed significantly over the years, radiation therapy techniques have evolved with the goal of increasing local control without increasing toxicity. In this chapter, we review the principles of radiation therapy for glioblastoma patients and explain how radiation techniques for glioblastoma patients have evolved. We also address the different approaches that have already been investigated for improving radiation efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Lastly, we discuss the need for more studies identifying novel therapies that may sensitize glioblastoma cells to radiation as well as identifying molecular biomarkers to help predict glioblastoma response to radiation.
Childhood maltreatment predicts physical health in college students.

OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with physical health problems throughout the lifespan, yet more research is needed regarding the trajectory of health problems (e.g., onset of health risk indicators) in young adults. The current study examined whether college students self-reporting higher levels of CM exhibited poorer physical health outcomes. Method: Young adults in college (N = 100) completed a physical health assessment (heart rate, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood sugar, waist circumference), self-reported measures of health (symptoms of illness), and CM during spring semester 2018. Results: CM scores predicted higher heart rate and increased symptoms of illness. Females with maltreatment history presented higher levels of obesity and more metabolic syndrome conditions than their peers. Conclusions: Findings support the importance of examining the trajectory of CM to chronic disease, as health risk indicators are present in young adults.
BRCA1 Antibodies Matter

Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) encodes a tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancer patients. BRCA1 functions in multiple important cellular processes including DNA damage repair, cell cycle checkpoint activation, protein ubiquitination, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, as well as R-loop formation and apoptosis. A large number of BRCA1 antibodies have been generated and become commercially available over the past three decades, however, many commercial antibodies are poorly characterized and, when widely used, led to unreliable data. In search of reliable and specific BRCA1 antibodies (Abs), particularly antibodies recognizing mouse BRCA1, we performed a rigorous validation of a number of commercially available anti-BRCA1 antibodies, using proper controls in a panel of validation applications, including Western blot (WB), immunoprecipitation (IP), immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and immunofluorescence (IF). Furthermore, we assessed the specificity of these antibodies to detect mouse BRCA1 protein through the use of testis tissue and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Brca1+/+ and Brca1Δ11/Δ11 mice. We find that Ab1, D-9, 07-434 (for recognizing human BRCA1) and 287.17, 440621, BR-64 (for recognizing mouse BRCA1) are specific with high quality performance in the indicated assays. We share these results here with the goal of helping the community combat the common challenges associated with anti-BRCA1 antibody specificity and reproducibility and, hopefully, better understanding BRCA1 functions at cellular and tissue levels.
Numb Chin Syndrome

"Numb chin syndrome" (NCS) refers to new-onset numbness of the lower lip and chin within the distribution of the mental or inferior alveolar nerves. While this focal numbness may be downplayed or even overlooked by patients and clinicians, in the right clinical scenario this may be the presenting symptom of an underlying malignancy. In the absence of any obvious, temporally related dental cause, there are certain conditions that clinicians should consider including orofacial and systemic malignancies as well as several inflammatory disorders. Thorough diagnostic evaluation should always be performed when no clear cause is evident. This paper will discuss the differential, recommended evaluations, and the prognosis, for a patient presenting with NCS.
Chronic pain: challenges in the assessment and management of cancer pain.

Abstract Assessing and managing pain while caring for the whole patient is a challenge for physicians. Barriers to pain management include clinician- , patient- , and health system–related issues. The traditional model of care is focused on disease-specific treatments. If these treatments fail, the focus shifts to palliation. A new model of care integrates disease-specific treatments with palliative care and rehabilitation. This model includes prevention and treatment of suffering. An essential element of this model is evaluation of the patient's concerns about the future and fear. Treating patient pain with quality pain management and palliative care involves a holistic pain assessment and management strategy.
Adaptive beam pointing control of a phased array radar in the presence of ECM and false alarms using IMMPDAF

In this paper, the use of the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation algorithm combined with the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) for adaptive beam pointing control of a phased array radar to track maneuvering targets in the presence of false alarms and electronic counter measures (ECM) is presented. The tracking algorithm includes target track formation and maintenance using IMMPDAF, jammer tracking using an IMM estimator and the adaptive selection of sampling period. Simulation results show the usefulness of using IMMPDAF, in terms of radar energy, average track loss, average dwells and noise reduction.
Spin-Orbit-Free Topological Insulators without Time-Reversal Symmetry

We explore the 32 crystallographic point groups and identify topological phases of matter with robust surface modes. For $n=3,4$, and 6 of the ${C}_{nv}$ groups, we find the first-known 3D topological insulators without spin-orbit coupling, and with surface modes that are protected only by point groups; i.e., the relevant symmetries are purely crystalline and do not include time reversal. To describe these ${C}_{nv}$ systems, we introduce the notions of (a) a halved mirror chirality, an integer invariant which characterizes half-mirror-planes in the 3D Brillouin zone, and (b) a bent Chern number, the traditional Thouless--Kohmoto--Nightingale--den Nijs invariant generalized to bent 2D manifolds. We find that a Weyl semimetallic phase intermediates two gapped phases with distinct halved chiralities. In addition to electronic systems without spin-orbit coupling, our findings also apply to intrinsically spinless systems such as photonic crystals and ultracold atoms.
Human Papillomavirus is More Prevalent in First Trimester Spontaneously Aborted Products of Conception Compared to Elective Specimens

In this study the possible role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in spontaneous abortions is addressed by assaying for HPV DNA in first trimester spontaneous and electively aborted products of conception materials enriched for chorionic villi. The presence of HPVs was measured by polymerase chain reacton (PCR) amplification and DNA dot blot hybridization using an internal probe. The “broad spectrum” HPV primers were directed to amplify E6/E7 junction sequences, while the probe was of an HPV-16 sequence with significant homology to HPV-6/11. The quantity and quality of isolated DNA was also analyzed and compared by observing the PCR amplification of a cellular sequence from the human β-globin gene. Fifteen of the 25 spontaneous samples (60%) were found to be positive for HPV E6/E7 sequences. In comparison, only 3 of the 15 elective samples (20%) were positive. This is the first study of HPV in fetal materials to incorporate material from elective abortions as a control group. Although confounding contamination from the cervix and vagina can’t be ruled out, these data are significant and strongly suggest that HPVs are elevated in spontaneously aborted products of conception. Furthermore, these results suggest the possibility that HPVs may be etiologic agents of at least some spontaneous abortions.
The Oxidant O 2 (Helium) Index of Flammability of Endotracheal Tubes

The effect on flammability of endotracheal tubes exposed to helium diluted oxygen was measured by the Oxidant O 2 (He) index of flammability and compared to the corresponding oxidant O 2 (N 2 ) Indices of flammability. Theoxidant O 2 (He) index of flammability for PVC (Portex) ETT is 0.274, for RR ETT 0.194, and for Si ETT 0.194. The differences between helium dilution values and the corresponding nitrogen dilution values are statistically significant, the greatest difference being a factor of 1.2. However the common clinical practice of adding helium as a diluent for oxygen in situations with a potential for flammability may not increase patient safety.
Microstructure and Properties of Nano-Structured 9CR Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels Produced by Atomization and Hot Isostatic Pressing

Nanostructured oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are the leading structural material candidates for advanced nuclear fission and fusion reactor applications due to their excellent radiation tolerances. A 9Cr-ODS ferritic/martensitic steel was produced by gas atomization, short-time mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing. The microstructure was characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), high-resolution transmission electron microcopy (HRTEM) and atom probe tomography (APT), and the hardness and the tensile properties at room and elevated temperatures were measured. The results showed that the 9Cr-ODS steel are dual-phase ferritic/martensitic structure with extremely high-density of Y-Ti-O-rich nano-clusters. The average size of nano-clusters is less than 5nm and the number density was 3.4×1022/m3. A few larger precipitate CrTi2O5 (~40 nm) and Al2O3 (~100 nm) were found in the microstructure. The 9Cr-ODS steels exhibits the better Vickers hardness and ultimate tensile strengthen compared to Eurofer 97 and ODS Eurofer steels.
Are high redshift galaxies interacting

I am uncomfortable. I feel in the position of an agnostic who has been asked to praise God close to the beginning of a religious revival meeting. Unfortunately, as far as mergers at high redshifts is concerned, I cannot bring myself to do this. Instead, I propose to present you with evidence that peculiar phenomena are occurring in the most distant galaxies we can study. According to your degree of faith in the “Book of Mergers”, you can decide whether and to what extent the processes we observe reflect interactions between galaxies and protogalaxies. Sticking to the catholic sense of the title assigned to me, I shall however show that some high-redshift galaxies are definitely interacting with themselves.
Dielectric behavior of paraelectric KTaO 3 , CaTiO 3 , and ( L n 1 / 2 Na 1 / 2 ) TiO 3 under a dc electric field

The dc electric-field dependence of dielectric constant in the paraelectrics, ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$ single crystals, ${\mathrm{CaTiO}}_{3}$ and ${(Ln}_{1/2}{\mathrm{Na}}_{1/2}){\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ $(Ln=\mathrm{La}$ and Nd) ceramics is studied at cryogenic temperatures in the dc electric-field range 0--60 kV/cm. The results indicate that ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$ possesses a high tunability $K{=[\ensuremath{\epsilon}{(E}_{0})\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}(E)]/\ensuremath{\epsilon}{(E}_{0})=\ensuremath{\sim}50%}$ at 20 kV/cm, and low dielectric loss $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\delta}$ $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.003);$ while ${\mathrm{CaTiO}}_{3}$ and ${(Ln}_{1/2}{\mathrm{Na}}_{1/2}){\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ $(Ln=\mathrm{La}$ and Nd) show low tunability of $\ensuremath{\sim}1%$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1%,$ respectively, at 20 kV/cm; however, the dielectric loss $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\delta}$ is very small $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.0004--0.003).$ The possible physical mechanism of the behavior observed is discussed.