cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Cerambycid Beetle Neoclytus acuminatus acuminatus

This is the first fully verified report of an aggregation pheromone produced by a cerambycid beetle species. Field bioassays with adultNeoclytus acuminatus acuminatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) revealed that males produce a pheromone that attracts both sexes. Extracts of odors from males contained a single major male-specific compound, (2S,3S)-hexanediol. Field trials determined that both sexes were attracted by the racemic blend of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-hexanediols and that activity was similar to enantiomerically enriched (2S,3S)-hexanediol (e.e. 80.2%). However, the blend of all four 2,3-hexanediol stereoisomers attracted few beetles, indicating inhibition by one or both of the (2R*,3S*)-stereoisomers. Females of the cerambycidCurius dentatus Newman were attracted to traps baited with the four component blend, suggesting that a male-produced sex pheromone for this species may contain (2R,3S)-hexanediol and/or (2S,3R)-hexanediol. The pheromone ofN. a. acuminatus, and presumed pheromone ofC. dentatus, bear structural similarities to those produced by males of six other species in the Cerambycinae (straight chains of 6, 8, or 10 carbons with hydroxyl or carbonyl groups at C2 and C3). It is likely that males of other species in this large subfamily produce pheromones that are variations on this structural motif.
Activated charcoal for pediatric poisonings: the universal antidote?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: For decades, activated charcoal has been used as a 'universal antidote' for the majority of poisons because of its ability to prevent the absorption of most toxic agents from the gastrointestinal tract and enhance the elimination of some agents already absorbed. This manuscript will review the history of activated charcoal, its indications, contraindications, and the complications associated with its use as reported in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent randomized prospective studies, although with small numbers, have shown no difference in length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality between groups who received and did not receive activated charcoal. No study has had sufficient numbers to satisfactorily address clinical outcome in patients who received activated charcoal less than 1 h following ingestion. SUMMARY: If used appropriately, activated charcoal has relatively low morbidity. Due to the lack of definitive studies showing a benefit in clinical outcome, it should not be used routinely in ingestions. AC could be considered for patients with an intact airway who present soon after ingestion of a toxic or life-threatening dose of an adsorbable toxin. The appropriate use of activated charcoal should be determined by the analysis of the relative risks and benefits of its use in each specific clinical scenario. Language: en
HCW Keynote Address ParalleX: An Asynchronous Execution Model for Scalable Heterogeneous Computing

Summary form only given. Heterogeneous system architecture has long been appreciated as a potential strategy for achieving super-linear speedup with respect to some normalizing parameter like number of nodes, cost, or power. However the challenge of programming and managing the system resources has been a limiting factor for the application of such systems on a broad scale. The exception has been the use of special purpose processors such as graphics processing units that may yield dramatic increases for such functionality enabling capabilities largely impossible otherwise like realistic high resolution real time interactive games. However, with power emerging as the dominant constraint on high performance computing and the need to make better use of logic and storage resources such components as the ClearSpeed SIMD attached processor and the IBM cell architectures among others is forcing mainstream computing to adopt heterogeneous processing. This keynote presentation describes a computational model, ParalleX that provides an asynchronous runtime framework for supporting effective execution in an environment comprising heterogeneous elements. ParalleX is based on a message-driven split-phase multithreaded transaction processing paradigm synthesizing a number of concepts represented in prior art that in ensemble facilitates management of heterogeneous resources and provides the basis for a systematic programming methodology. Also discussed in this presentation is another example of a heterogeneous architecture, Gilgamesh II, that provides separate mechanisms for computations that exhibit disparate locality properties.
The effects of age, gender, and crash types on drivers' injury-related health care costs.

There are many studies that evaluate the effects of age, gender, and crash types on crash related injury severity. However, few studies investigate the effects of those crash factors on the crash related health care costs for drivers that are transported to hospital. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between drivers’ age, gender, and the crash types, as well as other crash characteristics (e.g., not wearing a seatbelt, weather condition, and fatigued driving), on the crash related health care costs. The South Carolina Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (SC CODES) from 2005 to 2007 was used to construct six separate hierarchical linear regression models based on drivers’ age and gender. The results suggest that older drivers have higher health care costs than younger drivers and male drivers tend to have higher health care costs than female drivers in the same age group. Overall, single vehicle crashes had the highest health care costs for all drivers. For males older than 64-years old sideswipe crashes are as costly as single vehicle crashes. In general, not wearing a seatbelt, airbag deployment, and speeding were found to be associated with higher health care costs. Distraction-related crashes are more likely to be associated with lower health care costs in most cases. Furthermore this study highlights the value of considering drivers in subgroups, as some factors have different effects on health care costs in different driver groups. Developing an understanding of longer term outcomes of crashes and their characteristics can lead to improvements in vehicle technology, educational materials, and interventions to reduce crash-related health care costs.
Effect of thermal stresses on mid-slab cracking in dowel jointed concrete pavements

Mid-slab cracking is considered to be one of the main causes of pavement deterioration and enormous funds are spent each year on repairing and maintaining cracked pavements. In this study, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (3DFE) analysis, which includes detailed consideration of slab constraints by dowel bars, is used to analyse the problem of premature transverse cracking in jointed concrete pavements. The 3DFE model response to ambient temperature variations is validated versus field-measured data obtained from instrumented concrete slabs constructed in Goshen Road near Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. The modelling results indicate that the combination of ambient temperature drop and slab curling induces slab constraints that lead to the development of mid-slab transverse cracks. The slab length is shown to be a critical parameter that governs the magnitude of the maximum thermal stress induced at maximum mid-slab. It is shown in this paper that 4.57 m is the optimal slab length to avoid mid...
Unresolved Pain Interference among Colorectal Cancer Survivors: Implications for Patient Care and Outcomes

Objective Using a large sample of colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors we 1) describe pain interference (PI) prevalence across the cancer continuum; 2) identify demographic and clinical factors associated with PI and changes in PI; and 3) examine PI’s relationship with survivors’ job changes.
Increasing cAMP Attenuates Induction of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase in Rat Primary Astrocytes

Nitric oxide produced by inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in different brain cells in response to various cytokines plays an important role in the pathophysiology of stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases. This study underlines the importance of cAMP in inhibiting the induction of NO production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines in rat primary astrocytes. Compounds (forskolin, 8-bromo-cAMP, and (Sp)-cAMP) that increase cAMP and activate protein kinase A (PKA) were found to inhibit LPS- and cytokine-mediated production of NO as well as the expression of iNOS, whereas compounds (H-89 and (Rp)-cAMP) that decrease cAMP and PKA activity stimulated the production of NO and the expression of iNOS in rat primary astrocytes. Forskolin, but not the inactive analogue 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, inhibited NO production and iNOS expression in a dose-dependent manner in astrocytes. The inhibition of LPS- and/or cytokine-induced NO production in rat C6 glial cells by forskolin suggest that similar to astrocytes, iNOS expression in C6 cells is also regulated by similar mechanisms. In contrast, in rat peritoneal macrophages the cAMP analogues stimulated the LPS- and cytokine-induced production of NO. In vitro, the PKA had no effect on iNOS activity in LPS-treated astrocytes or macrophages, suggesting that PKA modulates the intracellular signaling events associated with the induction of iNOS biogenesis rather than the post-translational modification of iNOS. The compounds which activate PKA activity, blocked the activation of NF-κβ in astrocytes but stimulated the activation of NF-κβ in macrophages. This differential regulation of NF-κβ activation in two different cell types (astrocytes and macrophages) by the same second messenger (cAMP) indicates that intracellular events or pathways in the activation of NF-κβ may be different. Moreover, this inhibition of iNOS expression in LPS- and cytokine-treated astrocytes by cAMP may be of therapeutic potential in NO-mediated cytotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Aspectos panorâmicos da música tradicional no Zaire

Desde o primeiro contacto do Imperio do Kongo (Zaire) com a cultura europeia em 1482, passaram-se mais de cinco seculos durante os quais sao poucas as obras cientificas publicadas dedicadas as atividades musicais do seu povo.
Decentralized human trajectories tracking using hodge decomposition in sensor networks

With the recent development of localization and tracking systems for both indoor and outdoor settings, we consider the problem of analyzing and representing the huge amount of natural trajectories from human movements that we expect to gather in the near future. In this paper we argue the topological representation, which records how a target moves around the natural obstacles in the underlying environment, can be sufficiently descriptive for many applications and efficient enough for both storing, comparing and classifying these natural human trajectories. Technically, the representation uses the homotopy type of the trajectory. By using harmonic one-forms and Hodge decomposition, we pre-process the sensor network with a purely decentralized algorithm such that the homology class of a trajectory can be obtained by a simple integration along the trajectory. This supports real-time classification of trajectories up to the homology accuracy with minimum communication cost. We test the effectiveness of our approach by showing how to classify randomly generated trajectories in a multi-level arts museum layout as well as how to distinguish real world taxi trajectories in a large city.
Treatment of Syphilis: Current Recommendations, Alternatives, and Continuing Problems

Benzathine penicillin continues to be the cornerstone of recommended therapy for syphilis. Recent increases in the syphilis rates in the United States and concerns about the adequacy of currently recommended therapy for syphilis in patients with concomitant human immunodeficiency virus infection have stimulated reappraisal of alternatives to currently recommended therapy. Desirable features of antimicrobial agents for syphilotherapy include long serum half-life, good penetration into the central nervous system, and ease of administration. Benzathine penicillin provides prolonged treponemicidal levels of penicillin G in serum but does not reliably produce adequate levels of penicillin in the central nervous system. Tetracycline requires multiple daily dosing, has relatively frequent adverse effects, and has unproven efficacy for central nervous system involvement. Erythromycin, which may be less active than tetracycline for syphilis therapy, has similar shortcomings. Recent evaluations of ceftriaxone for early syphilis therapy are promising; however, the optimal dose and duration of therapy are unknown. No currently recommended therapy for syphilis is clearly optimal for reliable, cost-effective therapy. Careful reappraisal of currently available syphilotherapy and alternatives is needed.
Utility of a Physician Directed, Nurse Based Stroke Prevention Program (P07.022)

Objective: To determine if a physician directed, nurse based program could improve at least 1 major risk factor to goal in patients with atherosclerotic stroke at 1 year compared to usual care. Background Evidence based guidelines exist for the prevention and treatment of patients with cerebral ischemia. Despite these guidelines, there are gaps in clinical practice. Design/Methods: Patients with atherosclerotic stroke were eligible. Patients had at least one major (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia) risk factor not at goal to participate. Patients were randomized to a nurse case management system versus usual care. The nurses involved were trained in stroke risk factors and motivational interviewing. Nurses followed algorithms for each risk factor and developed action plans for individual patients. Patients in the nurse group also received dietary consultation and an exercise prescription. Patients were seen in person by nurses at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. Patients received phone calls at 3 months and 9 months. Patients in both groups were followed for 1 year. The primary endpoint was improvement of 1 major risk factor at 1 year. Results: Twenty patients were randomized to the nurse program and 21 patients to usual care. After 1 year, 61% of patients in the nurse program and 33% of patients in the usual care improved at least 1 major risk factor (P=0.09). Patients in the prevention group were more likely to follow a prescribed diet (50% vs 7%, p=0.0018) and maintain an exercise program (83% vs. 33%, p=0.0018). In addition, patients in the prevention group had greater changes in the systolic blood pressure and LDL compared to usual care. Conclusions: A physician directed, nurse case management system is feasible and may help improve achievement of major risk factors. A larger randomized trial is helpful to verify trends noted in this study. Supported by: American Heart Association. Disclosure: Dr. Flemming has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brown has nothing to disclose.
Extension of Mappings in Finite Abelian Groups

(1972). Extension of Mappings in Finite Abelian Groups. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 6, pp. 622-624.
Smart meter led probe for real-time appliance load monitoring

Abstract—Non-intrusive load monitoring of domestic appli-ances has received steady interest in the last twenty years, ﬁrstbecause of interest from energy companies interested in usagestatistics for power balancing and, more recently, in order toassist users in tuning their habits for reduced power consumption.We discuss how this concept can be used in real-time with acheap, easy-to-install device based on Arduino to monitor theusage of domestic appliances and thus the activities of personsinside their home. The device is presented, complete with freesoftware and hardware, and a proof-of-concept web-based userinterface is depicted that is able to discriminate very simpleactivities.Index Terms—Arduino, energy meter, NIALM, AIDL, appli-ance usage detection I. R EAL - TIME NON - INTRUSIVE APPLIANCE LOADMONITORING Load monitoring of domestic appliances has received steadyinterest in the last twenty years, both due to the attentionby energy companies interested in using statistics for powerbalancing and, more recently, in assisting users in tuningtheir habits for reduced power consumption. Home automationnetworks for smart energy [1] have the potentiality to becomethe main energy management tools to reduce residential energyconsumption, but often they require a common communicationinfrastructure among the household appliances. Whereas newappliances could be manufactured with the necessary com-munication and control systems, existing appliances wouldneed to be modiﬁed. This aspect leads to the need for anon-intrusive, low cost and easy-to-install electrical end-useappliance load monitoring system for buildings.The term Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitor (NIALM)was introduced in the early nineties [2] to identify the tech-nique for disaggregating the entire electric load of domes-tic houses into major end uses. The main idea of NIALMsystems is to obtain appliance-speciﬁc time and power drawcharacteristics by disaggregating the information collected atthe main breaker level (or at a circuit breaker level) [3]. Inorder to do this, a hardware installation (sensor and dataacquisition system) that can detect the selected features, isrequired. Commercially available off-the-shelf sensors existon the market, such as The Energy Detective (TED)
Abstract 167: Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Outpatient Direct Oral Anticoagulation Service

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) represent novel alternatives to vitamin K antagonists but present new challenges for appropriate prescribing and ongoing patient adherence. We assessed the impact of a pharmacist-led DOAC service on prescription appropriateness and patient adherence as compared to usual care. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational, matched cohort analysis of patients prescribed a DOAC at a large academic medical center between September 20, 2013 and December 31, 2014. We compared a group of patients (n=129) who participated in a pharmacist-led DOAC service to a matched group (n=129) who received usual care using coarsened exact matching based on prescriber specialty, DOAC prescribed, indication for anticoagulation and age. Co-primary endpoints included the percentage of patients who had appropriate DOAC therapy (FDA-approved medication and dose based on indication and renal function) prescribed at baseline and at 3-6 month follow up after initiating the medication. Secondary endpoints included mean medication possession ratios (MPR) for patients who received at least 3 months of DOAC therapy and had available pharmacy records (n=171). We performed multivariable logistic regression modeling for appropriate prescription and multivariable linear regression modeling for MPR. Results: Patients in the two groups were well balanced across multiple demographic and comorbid factors. Patients in the pharmacist-led DOAC service were significantly more likely to have an appropriate combination of DOAC and dose prescribed for their indication at baseline as compared to usual care (92.2% vs. 77.5%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.02, p=0.006). This finding persisted at follow up (93.7% vs. 81.1%; aOR=2.92, p=0.016). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of patients determined to have an appropriate DOAC prescribed for an FDA-approved indication (independent of dose) in the pharmacist-led service (95.3%) vs usual care (93.0%) at baseline (aOR 0.93, p=0.901). Patients in the pharmacist-led service had a mean adjusted MPR of 91.8% compared to 79.3% with usual care (p=0.001) over a median follow up of 248 days. Conclusions: A pharmacist-led DOAC service increases appropriate dosing of DOACs at baseline and follow up as well as patient adherence to therapy. Associated costs and clinical event rates associated with pharmacist-lead DOAC management remain to be investigated.
Role of gelsolin in the formation and organization of triton-soluble F- actin during myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells

Structurally and functionally distinct F-actin pools coexist with globular (G)-actin in a variety of eukaryotic cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In PMNs, a Triton-soluble F-actin pool (TSF) exists as short cytoplasmic filaments capped with gelsolin, while Triton-insoluble F-actin (TIF) is a three-dimensional meshwork of F-actin associated with actin-binding protein 280 (ABP-280), alpha-actinin, and tropomyosin. The unique association of gelsolin with the TSF suggests a role for gelsolin in creation or regulation of TSF. To evaluate gelsolin's role in TSF formation, the quantities of actin and gelsolin were determined by quantitative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblots in uninduced HL-60 cells (U-HL-60) and in HL-60 cells induced to myeloid differentiation with 1.25% dimethyl sulfoxide for 4 to 5 days (I-HL-60). U-HL-60 cells contain 17.76 +/- 6.01 pmol actin per 10(6) cells (TIF, 5.3 +/- 1.5; TSF, 2.17 +/- 0.37; G, 10.3 +/- 5.7; n = 5) and 0.073 pmol gelsolin per 10(6) cells (TIF, 0; TSF, 0.002 +/- 0.005; G, 0.07 +/- 0.01; n = 3), representing molar actin to gelsolin (A:G) ratios of 1,085:1 for TSF and 147:1 for G. After myeloid differentiation, the actin content increases 1.80-fold (31.94 +/- 6.14 pmol/10(6) cells) equally in each actin pool (TIF, 9.36 +/- 2.35; TSF, 3.29 +/- 0.62; G, 19.29 +/- 4.83). Gelsolin increases 2.4-fold overall (0.178 +/- 0.02 pmol/10(6) cells) but 19-fold in TSF (0.038 +/- 0.009) and only 1.9-fold in G pool (0.139 +/- 0.006), resulting in A:G ratios of 87:1 in TSF and 139:1 in G. The findings of an increase in TSF gelsolin with decreased A:G ratios (1,085:1 v 87:1) with myeloid differentiation suggest shortening of TSF filaments, while the A:G ratios of unbound gelsolin are unchanged (147:1 v 139:1). Measurement of EGTA-resistant gelsolin/actin complexes in HL-60 cells shows that 95% to 100% of complexes exist in the TSF-actin pool only. These findings are consistent with a role for gelsolin in formation and organization of Triton-soluble F-actin. Furthermore, the apparent shortening of TSF-actin filaments with myeloid cellular differentiation and maturation may represent one mechanism of conversion of the nonmotile myeloblast to the motile PMN.
Partial replacement of the left ventricular free wall with a Dacron graft: A 14 year follow-up

The 14 year follow-up is presented of a patient in whom the free wall of the left ventricle was replaced with a Dacron graft subsequent to a self-inflicted gunshot wound. The excellent surgical results are evidenced by a benign clinical course and confirmed physiologically by serial exercise tests and anatomically by repeat angiocardiography.
Hypocalcemia after neck exploration for untreated primary hyperparathyroidism.

Hypocalcemia after neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism is an important postoperative management issue. With increasing acceptance of less invasive surgical approaches, hypocalcemia is less frequent. This study was conducted to evaluate postoperative hypocalcemia after current surgical exploration techniques in patients with untreated primary hyperparathyroidism. From the University of Louisville parathyroid database, charts of patients undergoing surgery for untreated primary hyperparathyroidism from May 1, 1998 to May 30, 2004 were reviewed. Data was analyzed based on age, sex, preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, pre-existing diseases, and extent of neck exploration. One hundred sixty-nine patients were identified with adequate data for analysis. Transient postoperative hypocalcemia occurred in 21 per cent (36/169) for the total group, in 18 per cent (22/125) after minimally invasive radio-guided parathyroidectomy, and in 32 per cent (14/44) after bilateral neck exploration. Patients with postoperative hypocalcemia had a statistically significant association with older age and pre-existing hypertension. Patients with postoperative hypocalcemia were more likely to have undergone longer surgical procedures and were more likely to have had pre-existing diabetes and mental disorders. These findings were not statistically significant and were considered trends. The frequency of osteoporosis in the hypocalcemia group was increased but was not significant. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in 21 per cent of patients after parathyroid surgery. It was more likely after bilateral neck exploration, a longer duration of surgery, and with hypertension, diabetes, and mental disorders.
Scalable SoC trust verification using integrated theorem proving and model checking

The wide usage of hardware Intellectual Property (IP) cores and software programs from untrusted vendors have raised security concerns for system designers. Existing solutions for detecting and preventing software attacks do not usually consider the presence of malicious logic in hardware. Similarly, hardware solutions for detecting Trojans and/or design backdoors do not consider the software running on it. Formal methods provide powerful solutions in detecting malicious behaviors in both hardware and software. However, they suffer from scalability issues and cannot be easily used for large-scale computer systems. To alleviate the scalability challenge, we propose a new integrated formal verification framework to evaluate the trust of computer systems constructed from untrusted third-party software and hardware resources. This framework combines an automated model checker with an interactive theorem prover for proving system-level security properties. We evaluate a vulnerable program executed on a bare metal LEON3 SPARC V8 processor and prove system security with considerable reduction in effort. Our method systematically reduces the effort required for verifying the program running on the System-on-Chip (SoC) compared to traditional interactive theorem proving methods.
A Cinderella Tale: Can New Shoes Change the Life of a Person With Knee Osteoarthritis?

Hinman and colleagues report a randomized trial that compared shoes designed to unload the knee versus new conventional shoes. The editorialists discuss whether readily available, new, supportive l...
On-chip terahertz signal generators for near-field biosensor arrays

This paper assesses the feasibility of an on-chip array of terahertz generators/detectors for near-field sensing of a biological cell. With the prototype design, signal generation around 0.55 THz was measured and near-field sensing across the surface of a flat silicon wafer was demonstrated.
Effect of Delayed Heading on Some Quality Attributes of Penaeus Shrimp1

To determine the effect of delayed heading on shrimp quality, shrimp were stored on ice with and without heads for 10 days. Some shrimp were delay-headed after 5 days and returned to ice for the remainder of the storage period. Microbiological studies were conducted at 0, 5 and 10 days of storage. Total aerobic plate counts were done using Standard Plate Count agar with an added 0.5% NaCl. Incubation was at 20 C for 5 days. Analyses indicated similar counts on shrimp tails stored with or without heads and those delayed-headed. Counts ranged from 2.4 × 106 bacteria/gram at 0 day to 1.6 × 109 bacteria/gram on the 10th day. Identification of the flora present revealed that the same major groups of organisms predominated on shrimp tails subjected to the different storage treatments and the head did not alter development of the usual flora. Flavobacterium , Pseudomonas , Planococcus , Moraxella and the Vibrio/Aeromonas group were the major genera encountered. A shift in bacterial populations was observed during storage. Flavobacterium species predominated during the first 5 days of storage; however, after the fifth day Pseudomonas species predominated. Sensory panel data revealed no differences in acceptability between shrimp tails stored with or without heads and those delay-headed.
Preparing young dual language learners for school success: early childhood teacher beliefs regarding school readiness

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study is to investigate what early childhood teachers in the United States of America believe are the essential characteristics young children and dual language learners (DLL) require to be ready for school. Participants identified the three top characteristics all young children and DLL need for school success. The findings illustrate that although the participants ranked social characteristics as essential over other areas of learning for all children, they equally rank social and physical characteristics as essential for DLL, followed by communication skills. Implications of these findings render new understandings in how we define school readiness and what should be the focus in preschool classrooms compared to the instructional practices of kindergarten.
T Cell-Depleted and T Cell-Replete HLA-Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Non-malignant Disorders

Purpose of Review Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment option for children with malignant and non-malignant disorders as well as an expanding number of inherited disorders. However, only a limited portion of patients in the need of an allograft have an HLA-compatible, either related or unrelated, donor. Haploidentical HSCT is now considered a valid treatment option, especially in view of the recent insights in terms of graft manipulation. This review will offer an overview of clinical results obtained through the use of haploidentical HSCT in non-malignant diseases. We will analyze major advantages and drawbacks of both T cell depleted and unmanipulated HSCT, discussing future challenges for further improving patients’ outcome.
Low-resolution simulations of vesicle suspensions in 2D

Abstract Vesicle suspensions appear in many biological and industrial applications. These suspensions are characterized by rich and complex dynamics of vesicles due to their interaction with the bulk fluid, and their large deformations and nonlinear elastic properties. Many existing state-of-the-art numerical schemes can resolve such complex vesicle flows. However, even when using provably optimal algorithms, these simulations can be computationally expensive, especially for suspensions with a large number of vesicles. These high computational costs can limit the use of simulations for parameter exploration, optimization, or uncertainty quantification. One way to reduce the cost is to use low-resolution discretizations in space and time. However, it is well-known that simply reducing the resolution results in vesicle collisions, numerical instabilities, and often in erroneous results. In this paper, we investigate the effect of a number of algorithmic empirical fixes (which are commonly used by many groups) in an attempt to make low-resolution simulations more stable and more predictive. Based on our empirical studies for a number of flow configurations, we propose a scheme that attempts to integrate these fixes in a systematic way. This low-resolution scheme is an extension of our previous work [51] , [53] . Our low-resolution correction algorithms (LRCA) include anti-aliasing and membrane reparametrization for avoiding spurious oscillations in vesicles' membranes, adaptive time stepping and a repulsion force for handling vesicle collisions and, correction of vesicles' area and arc-length for maintaining physical vesicle shapes. We perform a systematic error analysis by comparing the low-resolution simulations of dilute and dense suspensions with their high-fidelity, fully resolved, counterparts. We observe that the LRCA enables both efficient and statistically accurate low-resolution simulations of vesicle suspensions, while it can be 10× to 100× faster.
The other visible hand: National security and intellectual property in the United States before World War I

Using torpedo development as a case study, this article examines the tension between the national security interests of the state and the intellectual property interests of defense contractors in the United States before World War I. It suggests that this tension constitutes an under-explored part of the history of the modern “state secrets privilege”, and that fuller comprehension of this history has the potential to reshape powerful narratives of modern US history.
Annual ADEA survey of dental school seniors, 2006 graduating class.

Each year the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) conducts a survey of graduating dental school seniors. The survey seeks information regarding the reasons students pursued a career in dentistry, how students financed their dental education, students’ educational debt and percent levels
Surrogate-Based Global Optimization of Composite Material Parts under Dynamic Loading

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)%%%%The design optimization of laminated composite structures is of relevance in automobile, naval, aerospace, construction and energy industry. While several optimization methods have been applied in the design of laminated composites, the majority of those methods are only applicable to linear or simplified nonlinear models that are unable to capture multi-body contact. Furthermore, approaches that consider composite failure still remain scarce. This work presents an optimization approach based on design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE) in which smart sampling and continuous metamodel enhancement drive the design process towards a global optimum. Kriging metamodel is used in the optimization algorithm. This metamodel enables the definition of an expected improvement function that is maximized at each iteration in order to locate new designs to update the metamodel and find optimal designs. This work uses explicit finite element analysis to study the crash behavior of composite parts that is available in the commercial code LS-DYNA. The optimization algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. Single and multi-objective optimization problems are solved in this work. The design variables considered in the optimization include the orientation of the plies as well as the size of zones that control the collapse of the composite parts. For the ease of manufacturing, the fiber orientation is defined as a discrete variable. Objective functions such as penetration, maximum displacement and maximum acceleration are defined in the optimization problems. Constraints are included in the optimization problem to guarantee the feasibility of the solutions provided by the optimization algorithm. The results of this study show that despite the brittle behavior of composite parts, they can be optimized to resist and absorb impact. In the case of single objective problems, the algorithm is able to find the global solution. When working with multi-objective problems, an enhanced Pareto is provided by the algorithm.
Neuromorphic devices and architectures for next-generation cognitive computing

Cognitive computing describes “systems that learn at scale, reason with purpose, and interact with humans naturally” [1]. In this paper, we review our work towards enabling “next generation” cognitive computing using neuromorphic computational schemes that could potentially outperform present-day CPUs and GPUs. Here we use large arrays of Resistive Non-Volatile Memories (NVM) with device conductance serving as synaptic weight. We focus on training and classification using fully-connected networks based on the backpropagation algorithm, and show that our approach could offer power and speed advantages over conventional Von-Neumann processors. We also propose some circuit approximations that improve network parallelism without significantly degrading classification accuracy. Finally, we explore the requirements for a system implementation of on-chip learning.
Hereditary Angioedema: The Economics of Treatment of an Orphan Disease

This review will discuss the cost burden of HAE on patients, healthcare systems, and society. The impact of availability of and access to novel and specific therapies on morbidity, mortality and the overall burden of disease will be explored along with potential changes in treatment paradigms to improve effectiveness and reduce cost of treatment. The prevalence of orphan diseases, legislative incentives to encourage development of orphan disease therapies and the impact of orphan disease treatment on healthcare payment systems will be discussed.
Developments and Challenge of Enzyme Engineering

It seems appropriate to start this 1973 conference volume by reflecting on changes in the field since the previous meeting in 1971 and by offering several challenges to stimulate thinking and discussion.
The political economy of the divine

This essay illuminates the connection between the inner logic and mode of representation typical of the prophetic texts of the Hebrew Bible, and the central market metaphor of contemporary mainstream economics. Three parallels are established. First, the concerns of religion and the concerns of economic science are shown to overlap. Second, both mainstream economics (in both its lay/business and ecclesiastic/academic versions) and the Hebrew Bible establish taboos, and maintaining these taboos is essential to “right living.” Third, scriptural narrative can be likened to public policy, since both seek to sustain the existing social/sexual order. As a result, the market of mainstream economics comes to resemble the bible figure of “Yahweh.” This homology is the foundation for a unique explanation of the staying power and intellectual strength of mainstream economics: to wit, consumers of mainstream economics are seduced by the hidden likeness to sacred text.
The Deterrence of Manipulation

The foregoing chapters demonstrate that manipulation may have very deleterious effects on futures markets. Specifically, manipulations distort prices, consumption, and commodity flows during the delivery period; jeopardize the credit arrangements required for commodity markets to function (with the potential for spillovers into other areas that utilize the same credit institutions); reduce market liquidity and depth, causing excessive price volatility and compromising futures markets as a price discovery mechanism; and impair futures contract hedging effectiveness.
An updated understanding of the mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy

The burdensome condition of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy occurs with various chemotherapeutics, including bortezomib, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel and vincristine. The symptoms, which include pain, numbness, tingling and loss of motor function, can result in therapy titrations that compromise therapy efficacy. Understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is therefore essential, yet incompletely understood. The literature presented here will address a multitude of molecular and cellular mechanisms, beginning with the most well-understood cellular and molecular-level changes. These modifications include alterations in voltage-gated ion channels, neurochemical transmission, organelle function and intracellular pathways. System-level alterations, including changes to glial cells and cytokine activation are also explored. Finally, we present research on the current understanding of genetic contributions to this condition. Suggestions for future research are provided.
Changes in water vapor and aerosols and their relation to stratospheric ozone

Abstract Although catalytic chemistry involving ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) is currently a primary driver impacting the abundance of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and aerosols are constituents that also affect stratospheric ozone. Variability in both water vapor and aerosols can induce variability in ozone, and although small relative to that due to trends in ODSs, in the future may become a much more important source of ozone variability.
Nervous System Development: Flies and Worms Converging on Neuron Identity Control

Summary Distinct neuronal cell types display phenotypic similarities such as their neurotransmitter identity. Studies in worms and flies have revealed that this phenotypic convergence can be brought about by distinct transcription factors regulating the same effector genes in different neuron types.
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Nucleic Acid Synthesis in Mammalian Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the nature of radiation effects on nucleic acid metabolism in mammalian cells, particularly the effects of sparsely ionizing radiations on cultured mammalian cells. Although it can be persuasively argued that cells maintained indefinitely in cell culture in the laboratory represent a unique population with many characteristics unlike those of normal cells within an intact animal, it is true nonetheless that survival parameters after irradiation of normal and tumor cells are similar both in vitro and in vivo. The use of cultured cells also enables one to obtain large quantities of cells at a known position in the cells, which would be difficult if not impossible to obtain by other means. Such considerations aside, the determination of radiation effects on rapidly proliferating cells is as important as the investigation of the effects on normally slowly growing cells within tissues of an animal. The chapter discusses few very basic differences in the response to radiation of slowly growing cells as opposed to that of rapidly proliferating cells propagated in tissue culture.
Ablation using 3D maps adjusted for spatial displacement of premature ventricular complexes relative to sinus beats: Improving precision by correcting for the shift.

Introduction Point-by-point 3-dimensional (3D) electroanatomic mapping (EAM) is used to guide catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs). Due to the differences in the spatial excursion of the cardiac chambers during cardiac cycles in PVCs vs sinus rhythm, the 3D location registration during PVCs is shifted relative to sinus rhythm. In this study, we describe our strategy to adjust for this displacement in real-time during PVC mapping. Methods and results We report 21 patients who underwent catheter ablation of 23 unique PVCs using Carto 3. After mapping the earliest site for each PVC, we reregistered its 3D location to a sinus rhythm beat in real-time, and used this to guide ablation lesion delivery. The PVC earliest location was spatially displaced from the successful ablation lesion in sinus rhythm by average 6.7 (range 3.3-13.0) mm. Offline, we subsequently analyzed 25 unique chamber maps and 606 PVC points. For each point, we reregistered the 3D location to a preceding sinus beat. The PVC points were displaced from sinus rhythm location by average 4.4 (0.3-13.7) mm. The maximally displaced point for each chamber was 7.7 (4.7-13.7) mm. The general direction of shift during PVC was leftward and inferior relative to sinus rhythm. Conclusions During electroanatomic mapping of PVCs using the Carto 3 system, points mapped during PVCs are spatially displaced relative to their location in sinus rhythm. Electrophysiologists should recognize this phenomenon and account for the shift to guide accurate delivery of ablation lesions.
Developmental responses to early‐life adversity: Evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives

Adverse ecological and social conditions during early life are known to influence development, with rippling effects that may explain variation in adult health and fitness. The adaptive function of such developmental plasticity, however, remains relatively untested in long-lived animals, resulting in much debate over which evolutionary models are most applicable. Furthermore, despite the promise of clinical interventions that might alleviate the health consequences of early-life adversity, research on the proximate mechanisms governing phenotypic responses to adversity have been largely limited to studies on glucocorticoids. Here, we synthesize the current state of research on developmental plasticity, discussing both ultimate and proximate mechanisms. First, we evaluate the utility of adaptive models proposed to explain developmental responses to early-life adversity, particularly for long-lived mammals such as humans. In doing so, we highlight how parent-offspring conflict complicates our understanding of whether mothers or offspring benefit from these responses. Second, we discuss the role of glucocorticoids and a second physiological system-the gut microbiome-that has emerged as an additional, clinically relevant mechanism by which early-life adversity can influence development. Finally, we suggest ways in which nonhuman primates can serve as models to study the effects of early-life adversity, both from evolutionary and clinical perspectives.
The User-Program Interaction: How Teacher Experience Shapes the Relationship Between Intervention Packaging and Fidelity to a State-Adopted Health Curriculum.

Intervention effects observed in efficacy trials are rarely seen when programs are broadly disseminated, underscoring the need to better understand factors influencing fidelity. The Michigan Model for Health™ (MMH) is an evidence-based health curriculum disseminated in schools throughout Michigan that is widely adopted but delivered with limited fidelity. Understanding implementation determinants and how they influence fidelity is essential to achieving desired implementation and behavioral outcomes. The study surveyed health teachers throughout Michigan (n = 171) on MMH implementation, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. We investigated relationships between context, intervention and provider factors and dose delivered (i.e., the proportion of curriculum delivered by teachers), a fidelity dimension. We also examined whether intervention factors were moderated by provider factors to influence fidelity. Our results indicated that program packaging ratings were associated with dose delivered (fidelity). We also found that this relationship was moderated by teacher experience. The strength of this relationship diminished with increasing levels of experience, with no relationship among the most experienced teachers. Intervention adaptability was also associated with dose delivered. We found no association between health education policies (context), provider beliefs, and dose delivered. Intervention factors are important determinants of fidelity. Our results suggest that providers with more experience may need materials tailored to their knowledge and skill level to support materials’ continued usefulness and fidelity long-term. Our results also suggest that promoting adaptability may help enhance fidelity. Implementation strategies that focus on systematically adapting evidence-based health programs may be well suited to enhancing the fidelity of the MMH curriculum across levels of teacher experience.