cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metamaterial-Enhanced Nanophotonics

The maturity of nanofabrication and the rise of metamaterials is providing a new generation of ultrafast, deeply sub-wavelength, integratable nanophotonic devices and systems.
Raman and extended X-ray absorption fine structure characterization of a sulfur-ligated Cu(I) ethylene complex: modeling the proposed ethylene binding site of Arabidopsis thaliana ETR1.

An ethylene complex of a thioether-ligated Cu(I) center was synthesized and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and EXAFS. Long Cu(I)−C bonds and low Cu−C vibrational frequencies reveal weak binding of the gaseous ligand.
The Choice Not To Be Resuscitated

We studied the use of the do not resuscitate (DNR) order among general medical patients. During the six-month study period, of 2431 admissions there were 95 patients (3.9%) declared DNR. Of 105 deaths, 69 (66%) occurred among DNR patients. Twenty-seven percent of the DNR patients left the hospital alive. In 90% of the cases the medical intern initiated the DNR discussion, and in 60% of the cases a decision was reached in less than 24 hours. Two-thirds of the DNR orders were consented to by family members, and one-third of all DNR orders had a discernible impact on nonresuscitative care. Less aggressive therapy accounted for 60% of these restrictions, whereas the remainder involved limitations in diagnostic evaluations. When compared with age- and sex-matched general adult inpatient control subjects, DNR patients were found to have longer hospitalizations (P = .01), be more likely to reside in a nursing home (RR = 4.2), have a metastatic neoplasm (RR = 3.6), and be admitted with an abnormal mental status (RR = 6.1) or urinary incontinence (RR = 2.9). These differences remained significant when we controlled for the presence of a metastatic neoplasm. Despite a high in-hospital mortality rate (73%), DNR patients were not admitted more frequently than controls to the intensive care unit. We conclude that the DNR decision is based on clinical prognostic indexes and that once established, this order serves to modify the allocation of medical resources.
Circular mitochondrial DNA from the avian malarial parasite Plasmodium lophurae.

Abstract The avian malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae , was liberated from duck erythrocytes with antiduck erythrocyte serum and freed from host cell nuclei by differential centrifugation followed by treatment with trypsin and DNAase. Total as well as mitochondrial DNA isolated from such a preparation of free parasites showed overlapping densities of 1.679 g/ml in CsCl density gradients. To retain the structural integrity of mitochondrial DNA, the treatment of liberated parasites with trypsin and DNAase was eliminated and all steps of isolation of the mitochondrial fraction was performed at ice bath temperature. Under these conditions, mtDNA liberated by osmotic lysis appeared as super-coiled molecules. After isolation of DNA from mitochondrial pellets prepared under the above conditions, only a single DNA band was apparent in ethidium bromide/CsCl gradients and open circular molecules with a mean contour length of 10.3 μm were observed.
Energy accommodation in collisions of small particles

Abstract When very small solid particles collide an energy accommodation mechanism apparently functions converting collisional energy into internal energy thus allowing the particles to stick together. We study the accommodation by computer simulation of collisions between solid microparticles containing of the order of 100 atoms. In the simulations the particles invariably stick together indicating complete accommodation. The accommodation occurs because the microparticle collision force is dominated by atom-atom forces whose Fourier spectra have high frequency components which couple strongly to the vibrational spectrum of the particles. This accommodation mechanism is universal because it requires only that the atoms composing the particles have a hard core: a property all atoms have to a sufficient degree. The mechanism is expected to diminish in importance with increasing particle size, becoming negligible for macroscopic particles, in accord with common experience that accommodation is weak in collisions of macroscopic bodies. We propose, however, that the mechanism is operative for particles in the submicron range and that it is therefore responsible for the large sticking coefficients observed in agglomeration of aerosol particles.
Novel isoform-specific interfaces revealed by PKA RIIbeta holoenzyme structures

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic (C) subunit is inhibited by two classes of functionally nonredundant regulatory (R) subunits, RI and RII. Unlike RI subunits, RII subunits are both substrates and inhibitors. Because RIIbeta knockout mice have important disease phenotypes, the RIIbeta holoenzyme is a target for developing isoform-specific agonists and/or antagonists. We also know little about the linker region that connects the inhibitor site to the N-terminal dimerization domain, although this linker determines the unique globular architecture of the RIIbeta holoenzyme. To understand how RIIbeta functions as both an inhibitor and a substrate and to elucidate the structural role of the linker, we engineered different RIIbeta constructs. In the absence of nucleotide, RIIbeta(108-268), which contains a single cyclic nucleotide binding domain, bound C subunit poorly, whereas with AMP-PNP, a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog, the affinity was 11 nM. The RIIbeta(108-268) holoenzyme structure (1.62 A) with AMP-PNP/Mn(2+) showed that we trapped the RIIbeta subunit in an enzyme:substrate complex with the C subunit in a closed conformation. The enhanced affinity afforded by AMP-PNP/Mn(2+) may be a useful strategy for increasing affinity and trapping other protein substrates with their cognate protein kinase. Because mutagenesis predicted that the region N-terminal to the inhibitor site might dock differently to RI and RII, we also engineered RIIbeta(102-265), which contained six additional linker residues. The additional linker residues in RIIbeta(102-265) increased the affinity to 1.6 nM, suggesting that docking to this surface may also enhance catalytic efficiency. In the corresponding holoenzyme structure, this linker docks as an extended strand onto the surface of the large lobe. This hydrophobic pocket, formed by the alphaF-alphaG loop and conserved in many protein kinases, also provides a docking site for the amphipathic helix of PKI. This novel orientation of the linker peptide provides the first clues as to how this region contributes to the unique organization of the RIIbeta holoenzyme.
Transition to Preschool Special Education: A Review of the Literature

Research Findings: Services to young children with disabilities and their families are provided through state and federal resources to those who meet eligibility requirements. This article reviews the literature that addresses the transition to preschool special education services occurring from the time a child reaches 2 years, 6 months, of age until the child's third birthday. Practice or Policy: We discuss the conceptual frameworks of transition, as well as the definition and requirements of transition, and factors affecting a smooth transition for young children and their families. We also present literature on transition practices such as technical assistance and collaboration, parent and family experiences, program quality, assistance for children and families, and policy considerations, as well as implications and recommendations for future research.
Differential effects of reserpine on brainstem catecholaminergic neurons revealed by Fos protein immunohistochemistry.

The effects of a single systemic injection of reserpine on c-fos proto-oncogene expression in catecholaminergic neurons of the rat brainstem were studied by immunohistochemistry for Fos proteins (Fos). In control rats, a few Fos immunoreactive neuronal nuclei were observed in the tectum and mesencephalic central gray. Within hours after drug injection, a substantial number of brainstem neurons stained intensely for Fos. The staining was maximal at 6 h and returned to control levels within 24 h. Double-immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase revealed that in all noradrenergic (NA) neuron subgroups except the A2 group, the majority of NA neurons stained for Fos. Most adrenergic neurons were also labeled. In contrast, aside from some cells in the ventral tegmental area, reserpine did not induce Fos immunoreactivity in dopaminergic neurons. Numerous non-catecholaminergic neurons were intensely stained with Fos in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, ventral tegmental area, mesencephalic central gray, pontine nuclei and tectum. A small number of Fos immunoreactive neurons was also observed in raphe nuclei. Injection of saline (i.p.) resulted in a moderate increase in Fos immunoreactivity in the locus ceruleus, in A1/C1 neurons and in the mesencephalic central gray. The results demonstrate that acute reserpine treatment induces Fos expression in distinct populations of brainstem neurons, comprising both catecholaminergic and non-catecholaminergic neurons. Thus, induction of Fos by reserpine does not coincide with the site of action of this drug. The distribution of Fos immunoreactive NA neurons after reserpine treatment is comparable to that reported after application of stressful stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Policing of Slavery in New Orleans, 1852–1860

This paper analyzes the roles of the New Orleans police in the slave order, and attempts to delineate the various opportunities for police autonomy. I also consider the laws of slavery that the police were expected to enforce, and the viability of actively enforcing them. I conclude that the police had opportunities to create autonomy for themselves through the reality of slave and city life.
A new efficient and versatile synthesis of alkyl prosphorylcholines

Abstract A short and general synthetic method is described for the preparation of new phosphorylcholines.
Tibial subacute osteomyelitis with intraosseous abscess: an unusual complication of intraosseous infusion

Intravenous (IV) access is a critical step in patient care, especially in the emergency and/or trauma setting. Recently, intraosseous (IO) infusion has re-emerged as a recommended alternative to central venous access in both the pediatric and the adult patient. We present the case of an older adult male patient several months after emergency tibial IO infusion, now with left shin pain, and the MRI and culture findings diagnostic of subacute osteomyelitis with IO abscess, an unusual complication of IO infusion.
Psychotropic drugs and behavioral therapy

Psychotropic drugs often are helpful in the treatment of selected behavior problems in dogs and cats. Drug therapy is rarely curative by itself and in most cases is only indicated as ancillary therapy in a behavior modification program. Very few of the psychoactive drugs are approved for use in companion animals, and owners should be made aware that their use is considered experimental. Before prescribing any of the psychotropic drugs, veterinarians should be thoroughly familiar with dosages, side effects, and contraindications. Some of the more common behavior problems in which drug therapy may be useful are reviewed.
What we have learned from recent IUD studies: A researcher's perspective

Many studies published on intrauterine devices (IUDs) during the last six years have consistently reported findings in favor of IUD use. Notable among these findings are: IUDs are not abortifacients; newly developed IUDs are highly effective and the efficacy is long-lasting; IUDs can be safely used by most lactating women, with lower removal rates attributable to bleeding and/or pain; and immediate postplacental IUD insertion reduces the risk of expulsion usually associated with postpartum insertion. Most importantly, in apparent contrast to results often reported in the late 1960s through the early 1980s, recent findings show that IUDs per se, especially the medicated ones, are not associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), nor are they associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy or subsequent infertility. There are still issues concerning IUD use that are controversial in spite of numerous studies. Should some of the contraindications currently listed for IUD use be modified according to the newer findings? Is the risk of uterine perforation increased when the IUD is inserted in lactating women? Do IUD tails increase the risk of PID? Does oral use of antibiotics at IUD insertion help prevent postinsertion PID? There are also issues that have not been sufficiently addressed and more information from empirical studies is needed. These include: the effect of the insertor's skill on IUD performance; IUD use in nulliparous as well as in older women; the relationship between IUD use and chlamydia infection; and long-term IUD use and safety, including actinomycosis, etc. Answers are also needed by administrators facing difficult programmatic decisions. For instance, should programs involving massive IUD removal be implemented as many IUD-wearing women are approaching or passing menopause? Similarly, are large programs to remove less-effective devices and replace them with newer and more effective IUDs advisable? This article reviews the state-of-the-art findings from recent IUD studies on the above issues.
TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alone or in combination with alcohol abuse, has become the leading indication for liver transplantation among adults in the United States and Western Europe, accounting for approximately one half of transplantations in many centers. 2,48 There is real concern that the number of patients in need of transplantation will increase, given the prevalence of HCV infection in the general population (1.8%) 1 and the eventual progression to cirrhosis in approximately one third of infected individuals. 33 Without consistently effective antiviral therapy, the demand on the already limited donor organ supply is expected to rise in coming years. For patients who have received liver transplantation for cirrhosis following HCV infection, recurrent HCV infection, defined as the presence of virus in serum, is universal, 52 but in the short term, severe graft dysfunction is rare. 16,22,34,50 However, with longer follow-up, progressive liver injury caused by recurrent HCV infection may ultimately result in reduced graft and patient survival for these patients compared with patients who receive transplantations for nonviral causes. 13,22,34 Increasing evidence that recurrent HCV disease is an important cause of morbidity, and also mortality, in liver transplant recipients has led to therapeutic trials of antiviral agents for recurrent hepatitis C. With so many liver transplant recipients infected with HCV and with therapy that is currently inadequate, several important questions must be addressed: 1What is the natural history of post-transplantation HCV-related liver disease? 2What are the prognostic factors associated with disease progression following transplantation? 3Can antiviral therapy improve the post-transplantation outcome? 4Can the patients most likely to benefit from therapy be identified? 5Can treatment regimens be modified to improve the long-term response rate?
Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney: preliminary immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of the epithelial component.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney is a rare biphasic tumor composed of cysts and tubules embedded in the spindle cell stroma. Although the histogenesis of this tumor is unknown, it has been proposed that both components of the tumor, i.e., stromal and epithelial, are neoplastic. The authors report preliminary immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of the epithelial component from one case of a typical, benign, mixed epithelial, and stromal tumor of the kidney. In this study, some tubules showed positivity for proximal, while others showed positivity for distal, nephron immunomarkers. By electron microscopy, some tubules had features of proximal tubular epithelium, while other tubules had features of the loop of Henle (thin segments). The authors believe that in a benign tumor such morphologic heterogeneity is inconsistent with neoplastic proliferation. Therefore, they postulate that in mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney the tubules are entrapped rather than neopl...
Objectives of complete denture treatments

Abstract It seems tenable to project that objectives in complete denture treatments should be related to patient age and socioeconomic status since these are probably the major determining factors bearing on emphasis, recognition, and tolerance of denture qualities and values and which also bear on fabrication problems that the dentist must solve. The important objectives common to all age and socioeconomic levels may be listed as follows: (1) rehabilitation—the key or overriding objective; (2) comfort—physical and mental—the first sub-objective, for such qualities are intimately tied in with all denture values; (3) esthetics, or a natural, youthful, and pleasing dentofacial appearance, statically and functionally—the second sub-objective; (4) restoration of functions, comminuting and speech—the third sub-objective. These gross functions, while only partially dependent upon denture qualities, do include many patterns of functions which need reactivating to an involuntary state of execution. The intent in presenting this analysis of objectives in complete denture treatments is to stimulate thinking and re-evaluation of present-day needs and values of artificial dentures, and to indicate a professional need to de-emphasize physical values and to emphasize the therapeutic values in projecting denture values to edentulous patients and to dental students. The health service values of denture treatments need a sounder projection basis than has been employed in the past or is being employed at the present time.
A Multi-Level Technical Infrastructure for Diabetes Chronic Care Management in China

This paper specifies the World Health Organization's Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework (ICCC) to diabetes prevention and management activities in China via extensive literature review and verification using qualitative data analysis of both primary and secondary data. We utilize the specified ICCC to propose an integrative and interconnected technical architecture that addresses some of the gaps and needs found at the macro, meso, and micro levels. The proposed technical infrastructure creates an integrative framework, where the technical architecture has strategic alignment with all layers of the ICCC. This will help policy makers and technologists facilitate developing a comprehensive infrastructure to address management of chronic conditions in China, as well as providing a catalyst for new initiatives.
L’Argument Probabiliste Pour Une Logique Non Classique de la Mécanique Quantique

Le but de cet article est simple. Je desire enoncer aussi clairement que possible, sans une longue digression dans des questions techniques, ce que je considere etre l’argument unique le plus puissant en faveur de l’emploi d’une logique non classique en mecanique quantique. Il y a une tres grande litterature mathematique et philosophique sur la logique de la mecanique quantique, mais a quelques exceptions pres, cette litterature fournit une tres pauvre justification intuitive du fait qu’on considere une logique non classique pour commencer. Le fameux article de Birkhoff et von Neumann (1936) constitue un exemple classique dans la litterature mathematique. Bien que Birkhoff et von Neumann aient examine exhaustivement le developpement des proprietes des geometries projectives et des geometries de lattices qui sont liees a la logique de la mecanique quantique, ils consacrent moins d’un tiers de page (p. 831) aux raisons physiques qui entrainent la consideration de telles lattices. Qui plus est, les quelques lignes qu’ils y consacrent sont loin d’etre claires. La litterature philosophique est toute aussi mauvaise a ce sujet. Une des discussions philosophiques les mieux connues la-dessus est celle qui est exposee dans le dernier chapitre du livre de Reichenbach (1944) sur les fondations de la mecanique quantique. Reichenbach offre une logique fonctionnelle de verite a trois valeurs qui semble avoir peu de rapport avec les propositions de la mecanique quantique, qu’elles soient de nature experimentale ou theorique.
Mutuality and specificity of mental disorders in advanced cancer patients and caregivers.

Background We sought to determine mutuality and specificity in rates of mental disorders between advanced cancer patients and their caregivers.
Models of Computation and Formal Languages

Preface Chapter 0 - Mathematical Preliminaries Part I: Models of Computation Chapter 1 - Turning Machines Chapter 2 - Additional Varieties of Turning Machines Chapter 3 - An Introduction to Recursion Theory Chapter 4 - Markov Algorithms Chapter 5 - Register Machines Chapter 6 - Post Systems (Optional) Chapter 7 - The Vector Machine Model of Parallel Computation (Optional) Chapter 8 - The Bounds of Computability Part II: A Hierarchy of Automata and Formal Languages Chapter 9 - Regular Languages and Finite-State Automata Chapter 10 - Context-Free Languages and Pushdown-Stock Automata Chapter 11 - Context-Free Languages and Compiler Design Theory (Optional) Chapter 12 - Context-Sensitive Languages and Linear Bounded Automata Chapter 13 - Generative Grammars an the Chomsky Hierarchy Epilogue
The activity of an ancient atypical protein kinase is stimulated by ADP-ribose in vitro

The piD261/Bud32 protein kinases are universal amongst the members of the Eucarya and Archaea. Despite the fact that phylogenetic analyses indicate that the piD261/Bud32 protein kinases descend directly from the primordial ancestor of the "eukaryotic" protein kinase superfamily, our knowledge of their physiological role is relatively fragmentary and largely limited to two eucaryal representatives: piD261/Bud32 from yeast and the p53-related protein kinase from humans. A deduced archaeal homolog, SsoPK5, is encoded by open reading frame sso0433 from the acidothermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus. Recombinantly-expressed SsoPK5 exhibited protein kinase activity, with a noticeable preference for phosphorylating proteins of acidic character and for Mn(2+) as cofactor. The protein kinase also can phosphorylate itself on serine and threonine residues. The activity of rSsoPK5 was increased several-fold upon preincubation with either millimolar concentrations of 5'-AMP or submicromolar concentrations of ADP-ribose. Other mono- and di-nucleotides were ineffective. While activation was enhanced by the presence of ATP, no autophosphorylation of the protein kinase could be detected prior to addition of exogenous substrate proteins. We therefore suggest that ADP-ribose acts by evoking a conformational transition in the enzyme. Activation by ADP-ribose represents a potential regulatory link between chromatin remodeling and the activity of SsoPK5.
The evaluation method based on cloud model for complex system

In order to evaluate complex system in selection of aircraft scheme, the evaluation method based on cloud model was utilized. This paper analyzed the evaluation steps based cloud model. Because of imprecision in judgment from cloud model figure in past, the measurement method of cloud comparability was introduced to judge which rating the evaluation result belongs to. Finally, the application in the use of the design in certain Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) aircraft proved the validity of the evaluation method. The results indicate that the evaluation method based on cloud model can give consideration to both randomness and fuzziness of complex system, and can effectively evaluate the aircraft scheme.
Inactivation of the protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride in buffers.

Abstract Aqueous preparations of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) become inactive toward proteases unless promptly brought into contact with protease. Inactivation of PMSF increases with increased pH and temperature. Half-lives of the inhibitor at 25°C are approximately 110,55, and 35 min at pH 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0, respectively. At pH 8, 100 μ m PMSF is almost completely inactivated within 1 hr at 25°C or within 22 hr at 4°C. Stock solutions of PMSF in 100% isopropanol are stable at 25°C for months if not longer. Reactivation of PMSF-inhibited chymotrypsin did not occur within 1 week at 25°C at pH 7.0.
Predictive Model for Serious Bacterial Infections Among Infants Younger Than 3 Months of Age

Objective. To develop a data-derived model for predicting serious bacterial infection (SBI) among febrile infants Methods. All infants ≤90 days old with a temperature ≥38.0°C seen in an urban emergency department (ED) were retrospectively identified. SBI was defined as a positive culture of urine, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid. Tree-structured analysis via recursive partitioning was used to develop the model. SBI or No-SBI was the dichotomous outcome variable, and age, temperature, urinalysis (UA), white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count, and cerebrospinal fluid WBC were entered as potential predictors. The model was tested by V-fold cross-validation. Results. Of 5279 febrile infants studied, SBI was diagnosed in 373 patients (7%): 316 urinary tract infections (UTIs), 17 meningitis, and 59 bacteremia (8 with meningitis, 11 with UTIs). The model sequentially used 4 clinical parameters to define high-risk patients: positive UA, WBC count ≥20 000/mm3 or ≤4100/mm3, temperature ≥39.6°C, and age Conclusions. Decision-tree analysis using common clinical variables can reasonably predict febrile infants at high-risk for SBI. Sequential use of UA, WBC count, temperature, and age can identify infants who are at high risk of SBI with a relative risk of 12.1 compared with lower-risk infants.
Pathways and Functions of Biliary Protein Secretion

The sections in this article are: 1 Anatomy of Biliary Protein Secretion 1.1 Liver 1.2 Hepatocyte 2 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Intracellular Transport Pathways 2.1 Lysosomal Degradation (Degradative Pathway) 2.2 Secretion of Intact Proteins into Bile (Transcellular Pathway) 2.3 Utilization by Hepatocytes 2.4 Mechanisms of Pathway Regulation 3 Role of The Cytoskeleton in Protein Transport by Hepatocytes 4 Functional Significance of Hepatobiliary Protein Secretion 4.1 Intestinal Immune Response 4.2 Biliary Cholesterol Metabolism 4.3 Pathophysiological Conditions 4.4 Functional Significance of Hepatobiliary Transport of Epidermal Growth Factor
ARE THERE OPTIMAL DENSITIES FOR PRAIRIE BIRDS

Abstract. The major forces of food and predation shape fitness-enhancing decisions of birds at all stages of their life cycles. During the breeding season, birds can minimize nest loss due to predation by selecting sites with a lower probability of predation. To understand the environmental and social aspects and consequences of breedingsite selection in prairie birds, we explored variation in nest-survival patterns of the Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) in the shortgrass prairie region of North America. Over four breeding seasons, we documented the survival of 405 nests, conducted 60 surveys to estimate bird densities, and measured several vegetative features to describe habitat structure in 24 randomly selected study plots. Nest survival varied with the buntings' density as described by a quadratic polynomial, increasing with density below 1.5 birds ha-1 and decreasing with density between 1.5 and 3 birds ha-1, suggesting that an optimal range of densities favors reproductive success of the Lark ...
Nutrition and the psychoneuroimmunology of postpartum depression

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a relatively common and often severe mood disorder that develops in women after childbirth. The aetiology of PPD is unclear, although there is emerging evidence to suggest a psychoneuroimmune connection. Additionally, deficiencies in n-3 PUFA, B vitamins, vitamin D and trace minerals have been implicated. This paper reviews evidence for a link between micronutrient status and PPD, analysing the potential contribution of each micronutrient to psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms of PPD. Articles related to PPD and women's levels of n-3 PUFA, B vitamins, vitamin D and the trace minerals Zn and Se were reviewed. Findings suggest that while n-3 PUFA levels have been shown to vary inversely with PPD and link with psychoneuroimmunology, there is mixed evidence regarding the ability of n-3 PUFA to prevent or treat PPD. B vitamin status is not clearly linked to PPD, even though it seems to vary inversely with depression in non-perinatal populations and may have an impact on immunity. Vitamin D and the trace minerals Zn and Se are linked to PPD and psychoneuroimmunology by intriguing, but small, studies. Overall, evidence suggests that certain micronutrient deficiencies contribute to the development of PPD, possibly through psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms. Developing a better understanding of these mechanisms is important for guiding future research, clinical practice and health education regarding PPD.
Teaching the ethics/technology interface.

The problem that I will discuss in this essay is marvellously illustrated in the title given to me by the editors. The word “interface” is itself part of the jargon of technology, the technospeak needed by those who develop, use, and discuss functions, things, and relationships that had not existed previously in the human world. They must make up new words to describe new realities (and, unfortunately, allow new and ugly words to obscure old ones). An “interface” presumably describes the way in which one electronic system contacts another so that the first energizes the second. In the old world of human experience, an “interface” is impossible. The face of one human being is visible to another; two faces, smiling or frowning at each other, communicate. The mind behind one face can interpret the movements of another. Never does one human face interpenetrate or merge with another.
Differences in predicted catch composition between two widely used catch equation formulations

Fishing gear selectivity varies among different types of fish (e.g., species, age, sex, or length groups), but their relative catch composition also depends on the fishing process. The continuous (...
Molecular phylogenetics of the butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae): taxonomy and biogeography of a global coral reef fish family.

Marine butterflyfishes (10 genera, 114 species) are conspicuously beautiful and abundant animals found on coral reefs worldwide, and are well studied due to their ecological importance and commercial value. Several phylogenies based on morphological and molecular data exist, yet a well-supported molecular phylogeny at the species level for a wide range of taxa remains to be resolved. Here we present a molecular phylogeny of the butterflyfishes, including representatives of all genera (except Parachaetodon) and at least one representative of all commonly cited subgenera of Chaetodon (except Roa sensu Blum, 1988). Genetic data were collected for 71 ingroup and 13 outgroup taxa, using two nuclear and three mitochondrial genes that total 3332 nucleotides. Bayesian inference, parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods produced a well-supported phylogeny with strong support for a monophyletic Chaetodontidae. The Chaetodon subgenera Exornator and Chaetodon were found to be polyphyletic, and the genus Amphichaetodon was not the basal sister group to the rest of the family as had been previously proposed. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of data from 5 genes resolved some clades in agreement with previous phylogenetic studies, however the topology of relationships among major butterflyfish groups differed significantly from previous hypotheses. The analysis recovered a clade containing Amphichaetodon, Coradion, Chelmonops, Chelmon, Forcipiger, Hemitaurichthys, Johnrandallia, and Heniochus. Prognathodes was resolved as the sister to all Chaetodon, as in previous hypotheses, although the topology of subgeneric clades differed significantly from hypotheses based on morphology. We use the species-level phylogeny for the butterflyfishes to resolve long-standing questions regarding the use of subgenera in Chaetodon, to reconstruct molecular rates and estimated dates of diversification of major butterflyfish clades, and to examine global biogeographic patterns.
Empirical estimates of minimum viable population sizes for primates: tens to tens of thousands?

Theoretical estimates of long-term minimum viable population (MVP) sizes for mammals indicate MVPs of tens of thousands, even a million. However, data to test the theoretical estimates are effectively non-existent. I here use information on distributions of primates on islands of southeast Asia to provide empirical estimates of the size of multi-millennial MVPs following the post-Pleistocene insularization in the Sunda region. Small Sunda region islands have fewer taxa than do large ones. Assuming extinction on the small islands, the MVP size is somewhere between the population size on the smallest island on which the taxon is extant and that on the largest island on which the taxon no longer exists (population size calculated as density of taxon by area of land available). Results for eight to ten genera (depending on the taxonomy) on 35 islands indicate MVPs of perhaps a few score for Nycticebus (loris) and Macaca (macaque) to several thousands, or scores of thousands, for Pongo (orang-utan) and Symphalangus (siamang). Large-bodied taxa have significantly larger MVPs than do small-bodied taxa. Only four protected areas in southeast Asia are large enough to conserve the smaller MVPs of the siamang and orang-utan.
Prior exposure to interpersonal violence and long-term treatment response for boys with a disruptive behavior disorder.

Interpersonal violence (IPV) is common in children with a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and increases the risk for greater DBD symptom severity, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and neuroendocrine disruption. Thus, IPV may make it difficult to change symptom trajectories for families receiving DBD interventions given these relationships. The current study examined whether IPV prior to receiving treatment for a DBD predicted trajectories of a variety of associated outcomes, specifically DBD symptoms, CU traits, and cortisol concentrations. Boys with a DBD diagnosis (N = 66; age range = 6-11 years; 54.5% of whom experienced IPV prior to treatment) of either oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder participated in a randomized clinical trial and were assessed 3 years following treatment. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that prior IPV predicted smaller rates of change in DBD symptoms, CU traits, and cortisol trajectories, indicating less benefit from intervention. The effect size magnitudes of IPV were large for each outcome (d = 0.88-1.07). These results suggest that IPV is a predictor of the long-term treatment response for boys with a DBD. Including trauma-focused components into existing DBD interventions may be worth testing to improve treatment effectiveness for boys with a prior history of IPV. Language: en
NEOTROPICAL CATS IN SOUTHEAST ARIZONA AND SURROUNDING AREAS: PAST AND PRESENT STATUS OF JAGUARS, OCELOTS AND JAGUARUNDIS

There are three species of neotropical cats for which the northern limit of their distribution reaches the border region of the U.S. and Mexico: the jaguar (Panthera onca), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), and jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi). Due to their low population densities, small total numbers, and secretive habits, all three species are diffi- cult to observe. To ensure long-term survival for neotropical cats in the region, it is impera- tive to identify current distribution and status in the northern limits of their range. We assessed the status of three rare neotropical felids, the jaguar (Panthera onca), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), and jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaruni), in the Chiricahua and Peloncillo Mountains of southeastern Arizona where recent sightings of all three species have taken place. Study techniques included interviews and collection of unpublished and published species-sighting records, which yielded data on all three carnivores. Although jaguars and ocelots historically have occupied southeastern Arizona, we found no recent evidence of a resident, reproducing population. Recommendations are made regarding what measures are necessary to promote neotropical cat conservation in this region. RESUMEN: Gatos neotropicales en el sudeste de Arizona y alrededores: estatus pasado y presente de los jaguares, ocelotes y yaguarundies. Existen tres especies de gatos neotropicales para los cuales el norte de su distribucion alcanza la frontera entre Estados Unidos de Norteamerica y Mexico: el jaguar (Panthera onca), el ocelote (Leopardus pardalis), y el yaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi). Debido a sus bajas densidades poblacionales, su bajo numero total de individuos, y sus habitos sigilosos, estas especies son dificiles de observar. Para asegurar su supervivencia a largo plazo en la region, es fundamental identificar sus distribuciones actuales y su estatus en los limites norte de sus rangos de distribucion. Nosotros hemos revisado el estatus de estas tres raras especies en las Montanas de Chiricahua y Peloncillo al sudeste de Arizona donde recientemente se registraron avistajes. Las tecnicas de estudio incluyeron entrevistas y recopilacion de registros de avistajes publicados y no publicados, lo que permitio acumular informacion sobre las tres especies. Aunque los jaguares y ocelotes han ocupado el sudeste de Arizona en epocas pasadas, nosotros no hemos encontrado evidencias recientes de po- blaciones residentes o reproductivas. Se hacen recomendaciones respecto de las medidas que se necesitan para promover la conservacion de esos gatos neotropicales en la region de estudio.
Effects of pH and Magnetic Material on Immunomagnetic Separation of Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Concentrated Water Samples

In this study, we examined the effect that magnetic materials and pH have on the recoveries of Cryptosporidium oocysts by immunomagnetic separation (IMS). We determined that particles that were concentrated on a magnet during bead separation have no influence on oocyst recovery; however, removal of these particles did influence pH values. The optimal pH of the IMS was determined to be 7.0. The numbers of oocysts recovered from deionized water at pH 7.0 were 26.3% higher than those recovered from samples that were not at optimal pH. The results indicate that the buffers in the IMS kit did not adequately maintain an optimum pH in some water samples. By adjusting the pH of concentrated environmental water samples to 7.0, recoveries of oocysts increased by 26.4% compared to recoveries from samples where the pH was not adjusted.
‘I’ for iconoclasm: graphic novels and the (re)presentation of terrorism

This article considers a ‘new-old’ media – that is, a relatively newly created medium with deep historical roots – that has gained increasing popularity in recent years: a subgenre of the comic book, most often referred to as the graphic novel. Presented here as an antidote to dominant interpretations of political violence ranging from the state terrorism of the Holocaust to the events of 9/11, the article briefly traces the history of graphic novels and details their growing popularity before describing and analysing representations of terrorism, both written and visual, in eight paradigmatic works that purvey variously victim, survivor and perpetrator perspectives.
Variability of contractile reserve in hibernating myocardium: dependence on the method of inotropic stimulation

Objective: Contractile reserve during graded β-adrenergic stimulation identifies viability in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Nevertheless, contractile reserve is frequently absent in viable, chronically dysfunctional myocardium with reduced resting flow (hibernating myocardium). The goal of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms responsible for limited contractile reserve in hibernating myocardium. Methods: Pigs were chronically instrumented with a left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis to produce hibernating myocardium; and regional flow, function and hemodynamics were assessed during graded β-adrenergic stimulation (epinephrine). Results: The chronic LAD stenosis produced a critical reduction in coronary flow reserve with regional reductions in resting subendocardial flow (0.69±0.05 vs. 1.03±0.11 ml/min/g in shams, P <0.05) and wall thickening (2.0±0.4 vs. 4.3±0.4 mm in shams, P <0.05), consistent with hibernating myocardium. In sham controls, LAD flow and function increased during graded, steady-state increases in epinephrine. Nevertheless, despite similar external determinants of demand in animals with hibernating myocardium, neither subendocardial flow (peak response: 0.66±0.14 and peak dose: 0.58±0.13 ml/min/g, respectively) nor wall thickening (3.0±0.5 and 2.5±0.6 mm, respectively) increased during graded epinephrine infusion. However, during a transient epinephrine infusion to the maximum dose used in the graded protocol, flow remained unchanged (0.80±0.06 to 0.85±0.08 ml/min/g) but wall thickening improved (2.3±0.4 to 4.1±0.6 mm, P <0.05). Conclusions: These data indicate that variability in contractile reserve in hibernating myocardium is at least partly related to the protocol used for β-adrenergic stimulation. The blunted steady-state responses to β-adrenergic stimulation raise the possibility that, like moderate supply-induced ischemia, an exquisite matching between flow and function develops during moderate demand-induced ischemia. This prevents metabolic deterioration in hibernating myocardium but limits contractile function during increases in the external determinants of myocardial metabolism.
Reconstructing the Phase Space With Fractional Derivatives

Fractional derivatives are applied in the reconstruction of the phase space of dynamical systems with a single observable. The fractional derivatives of time series data are obtained in the frequency domain. The method is applied to a Duffing oscillator, the Lorenz system, and data from a two-well experiment. The ability of the method to unfold the data is assessed by the method of global false nearest neighbors. The reconstructed data is used to compute recurrences and correlation dimensions. The reconstruction is compared to the method of delays in order to assess the choice of reconstruction parameters, and also the quality of results.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Narcissism and the use of personal pronouns.

ABSTRACT In this study we explored the relationship between narcissism and the individual's use of personal pronouns during extemporaneous monologues The subjects, 24 males and 24 females, were asked to talk for approximately 5 minutes on any topic they chose Following the monologues the subjects were administered the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale The monologues were tape-recorded and later transcribed and analyzed for the subjects' use of personal pronouns As hypothesized, individuals who scored higher on narcissism tended to use more first person singular pronouns and fewer first person plural pronouns Discriminant validity for the relationship between narcissism and first person pronoun usage was exhibited in that narcissism did not show a relationship with subjects' use of second and third person pronouns, nor did the personality variables of extraversion, neuroticism, or locus of control exhibit any relationship with the subjects' personal pronoun usage
West Nile Virus Antibody Prevalence in American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and Fish Crows (Corvus ossifragus) in Georgia, U.S.A.

Abstract Crows have been the centerpiece of avian West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance and research in North America. This work has demonstrated variation in susceptibility to WNV infection between American (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and Fish Crows (Corvus ossifragus). The higher WNV-associated mortality rate in American Crows compared with Fish Crows suggests that WNV antibody prevalence would be greater in the Fish Crow population. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine whether Fish Crows had higher WNV antibody prevalence than American Crows, 2) determine the persistence of antibodies to WNV in naturally infected Fish Crows, and 3) develop a technique to distinguish Fish Crows from American Crows on the basis of sequence analysis and restriction enzyme digestion of a mitochondrial DNA fragment. West Nile virus antibody prevalence was 16.5% (n = 97) in Fish Crows and 5.7% in American Crows (n = 53) collected from Georgia between 2004 and 2006. Antibodies persisted at high titers for 12 mo in Fish ...
Energy intensification using thermal storage

Thermal energy storage (TES) is a cost-effective technology that can greatly improve the performance of energy systems that have dynamic supply or demand. In solar thermal systems, TES plus controls enables the power output of the plant to be intensified and effectively regulated, despite fluctuating solar irradiance. In district energy systems, TES can be used to shift loads, allowing the system to take advantage of variable energy prices. The benefit of TES can be significantly enhanced by dynamically optimizing the complete energy system. The ability of TES to shift loads gives the system new degrees of freedom that can be exploited to yield optimal performance and improve thermal efficiency.
Review of ocular manifestations of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: What an ophthalmologist needs to know

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), odontogenic keratocysts, palmar and/or plantar pits, and ectopic calcifications of the falx cerebri. Myriad ophthalmologic findings are associated with NBCCS, including periocular BCCs, hypertelorism, strabismus, myelinated nerve fibers, and disorders of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. We performed a literature search in PubMed for articles on the ophthalmologic manifestations of Gorlin syndrome, published between 1984 and 2014. Of 33 papers, 31 were included. Although Gorlin syndrome is due to mutations in a single gene, it displays variable phenotypic expressivity. Therefore, familiarity with this disorder across clinical specialties is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis. The ophthalmologist should be included in the multidisciplinary team for the management of Gorlin syndrome in order to prevent visual loss and improve the quality of life of these patients.