cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Whole and Part Practice: A Meta-Analysis

Motor learning textbooks provide specific recommendations for the use of whole and part practice during motor skill acquisition. Magill recommended basing decisions on Naylor and Briggs' hypothesis of task complexity and organization, while Schmidt and Wrisberg recommended basing decisions on skill classification. To evaluate the accuracy of these recommendations, a meta-analysis was conducted. Through a literature search, 44 articles were located, and 20 provided sufficient information to calculate effect sizes. Effect sizes were calculated using means for whole and part practice for acquisition and retention. Although several analyses were compromised by insufficient studies investigating whole and part practice, mean effect sizes generally supported motor learning textbooks. To better verify the empirical validity of recommendations for the use of whole and part practice, more studies are necessary.
Nonidet P40 and the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in undamaged visceral nerves

Abstract ROGERS, R. C., L. A. LIHOLTZ AND E. M. EBLY. Nonidet P40 and the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in undamaged visceral nerves . BRAIN RES. BULL. 8 (6) 775–776, 1982.—The cell bodies of origin of peripheral nerves, in particular visceral nerves, are often difficult to identify using standard horseradish peroxidase (HRP) methods. The non-ionic surfactant Nonidet-P40, when applied to intact peripheral nerve along with HRP, allows the investigator to examine the neurons of origin of the nerve without cutting the fibers or injecting label into its peripheral terminal field.
19S IgM Rheumatoid Factor-7S IgG Rheumatoid Factor Immune Complexes Isolated in Sera of Patients with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract: 19S IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) and hidden 19S IgM RF have been associated with increased disease activity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Recently, immune complexes (IC) were isolated from JRA sera by several methods which demonstrated the presence of 19S IgM RF. The present study evaluates 25 JRA patients' sera by separation on a Sepharose 4B column to which were bound F(ab′)2 fragments of goat IgG anti-human IgM antibody to separate IgM-containing IC. The columns were sequentially eluted with 1 M ammonia and 0.1 M glycine-HCl buffer, pH 3.0. The isolated fractions were assayed for 19S IgM RF and 7S IgM RF by ELISA, IgG levels by immunodiffusion, and by preparative isoelectric focusing. The ammonia eluate from the αHIgM column revealed IgG, 19S IgM RF in six patients, and IgM RF in four patients. All were polyarticular-onset JRA patients. In the glycine-HCl eluate of sera, 19S IgM RF and IgG were also detected in 15 patients, all six seropositive, polyarticular-onset, six seronegative, polyarticular-onset, and three pauciarticular-onset patients. Significant 7S IgG RF titers were demonstrated in the glycine-HCl eluates of six patients, five seropositive, polyarticular-onset patients, and one seronegative, polyarticular-onset patient. Analysis by preparative isoelectric focusing of the IgM RF and IgG RF positive ammonia and glycine-HCl eluates showed IgM RF throughout the pH range (4–10), but the highest amount of IgM RF was in the pH range 4.0–5.5. Significant IgG RF titers were detected only in this restricted spectrotypic area of pH 4.0–5.5. These studies demonstrate IC-containing 19S IgM RF-IgG and 19S IgM RF-7S IgG RF can be detected in JRA patients' sera. The 19S IgM RF and IgG RF when present are predominantly found in the pH band 4.0–5.5 by preparative isoelectric focusing. The ability to isolate IC containing 19S IgM RF as a marker in this pH band may relate to active disease. Further determination of the constituents of the IC may help in defining the antigen in JRA and understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease.
Region of interest access with three-dimensional SBHP algorithm

One interesting feature of image compression is support of region of interest (ROI) access, in which an image sequence can be encoded only once and then the decoder can directly extract a subset of the bitstream to reconstruct a chosen ROI of required quality. In this paper, we apply Three-dimensional Subband Block Hierarchical Partitioning (3-D SBHP), a highly scalable wavelet transform based algorithm, for volumetric medical image compression to support ROI access. The codeblock selection method by which random access decoding can be achieved is outlined and the performance empirically investigated. The experimental results show that there are a number of parameters that affect the effectiveness of ROI access, the most important being the size of the ROI size, code-block size, wavelet composition level, number of filter taps and target bit rate. Finally, one possible way to optimize ROI access performance is addressed.
Identity theft protection in structured overlays

Structured peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays rely on consistent and robust key-based routing to support large-scale network applications such as multicast and global-scale storage. We identify the main attack in these networks as a form of P2P identity theft, where a malicious node in the path of a message claims it is the desired destination node. Attackers can hijack route and lookup requests to forge and destroy data to disrupt applications. We propose a solution where nodes sign proof-of-life certificates for partial node ids and distribute them to randomly chosen proof managers in the network. Source nodes can evade attackers by requesting proofs from multiple proof managers. Analysis and simulation show the approach is effective and imposes storage and communication costs that grow logarithmically with network size.
Assessing the truth axiom under incomplete information

Abstract Within an incomplete information framework (where the primitives are the individuals' belief hierarchies) the Truth Axiom is stated locally as the hypothesis that no individual has any false beliefs and that this fact is common belief. We decompose this `Truth Condition' into three parts: Truth of common belief, Truth about common belief and `quasi-coherence' (the common possibility of common belief in no error). We show the latter to be equivalent to the absence of unbounded gains from betting for `moderately risk averse' agents as well as to a qualitative impossibility of `agreeing to disagree'. We show that these characterizations may not hold in more general non-Bayesian models of decision-making under uncertainty.
Object and Size Awareness in Preschool-Age Children:

Self-awareness is a skill developed during the first few years of life. Although some research demonstrates that this ability may be incomplete in toddlers, there is little to no literature relating to preschoolers. This study tested 44 preschool-age children on 8 tasks to assess their awareness of the structural characteristics of their own size and weight as well as the size and weight of external objects. The most frequently observed behavior was for children to make an attempt at something that was inappropriate for their size and weight, but overall participants showed a better understanding of their own bodies than other objects. Both the number of attempts required to solve the problems and accuracy of their solutions demonstrated these task differences. These results indicate that the development of body awareness skills is far from complete for 3- and 4-year-olds.
Responsive Polymer/Clay Aerogel Composites

Clay aerogels are a relatively unexplored form of matter that are only now being investigated for use in the reinforcement of organic polymers. We have recently demonstrated an efficient process for producing these aerogels; we now report our preliminary work describing the preparation and properties of polymer/clay aerogel composites, including temperature-responsive materials.
Flow in a partially filled, rotating, tapered cylinder

Etude de l'ecoulement secondaire induit par la rotation differentielle d'un couvercle dans un cylindre conique tournant rapidement et partiellement rempli. Mesure a l'aide d'un anemometre laser Doppler. Comparaison avec les resultats de l'analyse asymptotique et de la simulation par differences finies
MAO -- An extensible micro-architectural optimizer

Performance matters, and so does repeatability and predictability. Today's processors' micro-architectures have become so complex as to now contain many undocumented, not understood, and even puzzling performance cliffs. Small changes in the instruction stream, such as the insertion of a single NOP instruction, can lead to significant performance deltas, with the effect of exposing compiler and performance optimization efforts to perceived unwanted randomness. This paper presents MAO, an extensible micro-architectural assembly to assembly optimizer, which seeks to address this problem for x86/64 processors. In essence, MAO is a thin wrapper around a common open source assembler infrastructure. It offers basic operations, such as creation or modification of instructions, simple data-flow analysis, and advanced infra-structure, such as loop recognition, and a repeated relaxation algorithm to compute instruction addresses and lengths. This infrastructure enables a plethora of passes for pattern matching, alignment specific optimizations, peep-holes, experiments (such as random insertion of NOPs), and fast prototyping of more sophisticated optimizations. MAO can be integrated into any compiler that emits assembly code, or can be used standalone. MAO can be used to discover micro-architectural details semi-automatically. Initial performance results are encouraging.
Endoscopic renal papillary biopsies: a tissue retrieval technique for histological studies in patients with nephrolithiasis.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The mechanisms behind calcium nephrolithiasis remain unclear. Previous research has relied on animal models or cell lines, yielding limited insight into the pathophysiology of human calcium stone disease. To determine changes occurring in the human kidney during active stone disease we used an endoscopic renal papillary biopsy protocol in calcium stone formers undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Materials and Methods: Following stone burden clearance via percutaneous nephrolithotomy 15 idiopathic calcium oxalate and 4 ileal bypass stone formers underwent flexible and rigid nephroscopy. Biopsies from select papillae in the peripheral and interpolar regions were obtained with 5Fr flexible cup biopsy forceps. A papilla adjacent to the accessed calix was biopsied with 10Fr cup biopsy forceps. Cortical biopsies along the access tract were also obtained with the 10Fr forceps.Results: All patients had successful biopsy completion. No complications were attributable to the biopsy process and ...
On blind channel identification for impulsive signal environments

New methods for parameter estimation and blind system identification for impulsive signal environments are presented. The data are modeled as stable processes. First, methods for estimating the parameters (characteristic exponent and dispersion) of a symmetric stable distribution are presented. The fractional lower-order moments, both positive and negative order, and their applications are introduced. Then a new algorithm for blind channel identification based on fractional lower-order moments is proposed. The alpha-spectrum, a spectral representation for impulsive environments, is developed. Conditions for blind identifiability of nonminimum phase FIR channels are established using the properties of the Alpha-Spectrum.
Correlation of nitric oxide synthase expression with changing patterns of axonal projections in the developing visual system

A precise pattern of connections between the retina and central visual nuclei in the brain is established during development. Activity- dependent presynaptic mechanisms and NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic mechanisms are thought to play important roles in this developmental process. A model proposed for production of the newly described neurotransmitter, nitric oxide, involves presynaptic activity and activation of postsynaptic NMDA receptors. If present in the developing visual system, nitric oxide could represent a form of retrograde communication from postsynaptic to presynaptic cells that mediates the formation of the proper pattern of connections. This study used the diaphorase histochemical technique to detect the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible for the production of nitric oxide, in the developing chick optic tectum. Results from this study showed that NOS is present in the developing tectum and that its expression coincides temporally with innervation by retinal axons. NOS expression reaches a peak at the time that refinement of the initial pattern of connections is occurring. WGA/HRP labeling of retinal axons confirmed that processes of NOS-positive cells in the tectum extend well into the area of the ingrowing retinal axons. Histochemical results from eyeless chick embryos indicate that NOS expression is dependent on the presence of retinal axons, which suggests that retinal axons synapse on cells that express nitric oxide. Northern blot analysis using a cDNA probe to NOS from rat brain verified the histochemical results. These results are consistent with nitric oxide having a role in development of the proper pattern of connections in the chick retinotectal system.
Implementation of contingency management in probation agencies using a case controlled longitudinal design: a PDSA study protocol

Moving evidence-based practices (EBPs) from clinical research settings to real world work environments is challenging. Grounded in the work of Proctor and colleagues on “bench-trench” partnerships, quality improvement studies use a bench (academic)-trench (practitioner) model that incorporates “practice knowledge” while building a feedback process throughout the various change phases (Social Work Research, 27, 67-69). Yet, few implementation studies give adequate attention to longitudinal collection of key organizational and individual level-information. The Justice Steps (JSTEPS) project uses a PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) quasi-experimental design that combines active and engaged researcher and practitioner learning collaborations about EBP adoption and implementation. The academic researchers and practitioners (Federal probation and judicial staff) work together to implement contingency management (CM) into routine practice. Each site participates in two learning collaborative meetings, receives six feedback reports, and accesses telephone consultation on the design and implementation of the CM procedure. The study protocol allows examination of the implementation of CM over 24 months in five settings. Each setting proceeds based on the sites’ own pace of adopting CM. This study uses a case controlled pre-post design to measure individual level data and a pre-post design for staff level outcomes. The outcomes of interest are reduced substance use and increased time on probation. The project data collection includes individual-level client data and organizational and staff data to assess the implementation of the CM in five probation agencies through three periods: inception, implementation and sustainability. Qualitative methods include observations and interviews combined with data gathering during learning sessions. Individual level client data includes attendance, status at required events, and arrests. This project contributes to the current understanding of how contextual factors affect implementation decisions. The protocol allows each site to develop their own tailored CM protocol and a process for implementing CM, compatible with the local socio-political environment. Feedback loops are important for fostering attention to CM implementation issues.
Looming threat-processing style in a cancer cohort

Abstract Objective Looming threat-processing style, where threats are perceived to be progressing (looming) at a frightening velocity, is implicated in anxiety vulnerability. This study aims to validate a new measure of looming, the looming cancer, and explore its clinical correlates in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cohort. Methods In a cross-sectional design, 105 CLL patients completed the Looming Cancer Scale, Looming Cognitive Style Questionnaire (LCSQ), SF-36, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Results Exploratory factor analysis reduced the 20-item Looming Cancer Scale to a 10-item version, which demonstrated good psychometric properties (Cronbach's α=.926). Convergent validity was demonstrated by Pearson correlation with the LCSQ (0.418), BAI (0.380), BDI-II (0.336) and the mental component score of the SF-36 (−0.434) (all P Conclusions The Looming Cancer Scale is a valid measurement of looming cognitive style and is the first time that the looming construct has been studied in a cancer cohort. The importance of this research lies in its potential to identify populations vulnerable to developing anxiety, depression and mixed anxiety–depression symptoms.
Bias Among African-Americans Regarding Skin Color: Implications for Social Work Practice:

It is often assumed that skin color bias occurs primarily among Whites and is directed against Blacks. The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not A frican-Americans them selves ex...
Combination therapy of radiofrequency ablation and bevacizumab monitored with power Doppler ultrasound in a murine model of hepatocellular carcinoma

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to monitor tumour blood flow with power Doppler ultrasound following antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab in order to optimally time the application of radiofrequency (RF) ablation to increase ablation diameter.Materials and methods: Athymic nude mice bearing human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts were treated with bevacizumab and imaged daily with power Doppler ultrasound to quantify tumour blood flow. Mice were treated with RF ablation alone or in combination with bevacizumab at the optimal time, as determined by ultrasound. Ablation diameter was measured with histology and tumour microvascular density was calculated with immunohistochemistry. A computational thermal model of RF ablation was used to estimate ablation volume.Results: A maximum reduction of 27.8 ± 8.6% in tumour blood flow occurred on day 2 following antiangiogenic therapy, while control tumours increased 29.3 ± 17.1% (p < 0.05). Tumour microvascular density was similarly reduced by 45.1 ± 5.9%...
Identification of an adaptor-associated kinase, AAK1, as a regulator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis

The μ2 subunit of the AP2 complex is known to be phosphorylated in vitro by a copurifying kinase, and it has been demonstrated recently that μ2 phosphorylation is required for transferrin endocytosis (Olusanya, O., P.D. Andrews, J.R. Swedlow, and E. Smythe. 2001. Curr. Biol. 11:896–900). However, the identity of the endogenous kinase responsible for this phosphorylation is unknown. Here we identify and characterize a novel member of the Prk/Ark family of serine/threonine kinases, adaptor-associated kinase (AAK)1. We find that AAK1 copurifies with adaptor protein (AP)2 and that it directly binds the ear domain of α-adaptin in vivo and in vitro. In neuronal cells, AAK1 is enriched at presynaptic terminals, whereas in nonneuronal cells it colocalizes with clathrin and AP2 in clathrin-coated pits and at the leading edge of migrating cells. AAK1 specifically phosphorylates the μ subunit in vitro, and stage-specific assays for endocytosis show that μ phosphorylation by AAK1 results in a decrease in AP2-stimulated transferrin internalization. Together, these results provide strong evidence that AAK1 is the endogenous μ2 kinase and plays a regulatory role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These results also lend support to the idea that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is controlled by cycles of phosphorylation/desphosphorylation.
The left posterior superior temporal gyrus participates specifically in accessing lexical phonology

Impairments in phonological processing have been associated with damage to the region of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), but the extent to which this area supports phonological processing, independent of semantic processing, is less clear. We used repetition priming and neural repetition suppression during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an auditory pseudoword repetition task as a semantics-free model of lexical (whole-word) phonological access. Across six repetitions, we observed repetition priming in terms of decreased reaction time and repetition suppression in terms of reduced neural activity. An additional analysis aimed at sublexical phonology did not show significant effects in the areas where repetition suppression was observed. To test if these areas were relevant to real word production, we performed a conjunction analysis with data from a separate fMRI experiment which manipulated word frequency (a putative index of lexical phonological access) in picture naming. The left pSTG demonstrated significant effects independently in both experiments, suggesting that this area participates specifically in accessing lexical phonology.
Effect of large marine diatoms growing at low light on episodic new production

Mesoscale eddies have been shown to be a common feature of open ocean regions such as the Sargasso Sea. By lifting nutrients up to the lower portions of the euphotic zone, these eddies can cause episodic phytoplankton blooms that can lead to substantial new production. In the Sargasso Sea, it has been estimated that such blooms can account for 35%‐50% of annual new production. In the present study, it was shown that a common large diatom Stephanopyxis palmeriana is capable of growing in a low-light environment typical of the bottom 50 m of the euphotic zone at rates sufficiently high to sustain the contemporary estimates of new production that have been attributed to mesoscale eddies. The diatom was grown in laboratory batch experiments at irradiance levels from 11 to 79 mmol photons m 22 s 21 , equivalent to irradiance levels occurring in the Sargasso Sea during the summer at depths from ;100 m (the 1% light level) up to 50 m. Resulting growth rates were compared with growth rates from the literature for similar large diatoms, and a simple model of new production was developed to show the dependency of new production on specific growth rate. Included in the model were other important parameters such as the depth of nutrient incursion resulting from lifting of the thermocline when an eddy passes, the duration of the bloom, and the size of the prebloom diatom population. Using realistic ranges for these parameters, it was evident from the model that there is no physiological constraint on these large diatoms from growing fast enough at very low light levels to meet the new production estimates resulting from eddies.
Climate Response to Soil Dust Aerosols

Abstract The effect of radiative forcing by soil dust aerosols upon climate is calculated. Two atmospheric GCM (AGCM) simulations are compared, one containing a prescribed seasonally varying concentration of dust aerosols, and the other omitting dust. Each simulation includes a mixed layer ocean model, which allows SST to change in response to the reduction in surface net radiation by dust. Dust aerosols reduce the surface net radiation both by absorbing and reflecting sunlight. For the optical properties of the dust particles assumed here, the reflection of sunlight is largely offset by the trapping of upwelling longwave radiation, so that the perturbation by dust to the net radiation gain at the top of the atmosphere is small in comparison to the surface reduction. Consequently, the radiative effect of soil dust aerosols is to redistribute heating from the surface to within the dust layer. Beneath the dust layer, surface temperature is reduced on the order of 1 K, typically in regions where deep convect...
COMPRESSION INDUCED ALIGNED RADICALS IN NITROANILINES

Radicals have been observed by electron paramagnetic resonance in pellets of 2-Methyl-5-Nitroaniline subjected to uniaxial pressure from 2.5 to 4.2 KBars at ambient temperature. The properties of the EPR spectrum depend on the orientation of the dc magnetic field indicating that the radicals are preferentially aligned with respect to the direction of compression.
Facilitated long chain fatty acid uptake by adipocytes remains upregulated relative to BMI for more than a year after major bariatric surgical weight loss.

Objective This study examined whether changes in adipocyte long chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake kinetics explain the weight regain increasingly observed following bariatric surgery. Methods Three groups (10 patients each) were studied: patients without obesity (NO: BMI 24.2 ± 2.3 kg m−2); patients with obesity (O: BMI 49.8 ± 11.9); and patients classified as super-obese (SO: BMI 62.6 ± 2.8). NO patients underwent omental and subcutaneous fat biopsies during clinically indicated abdominal surgeries; O were biopsied during bariatric surgery, and SO during both a sleeve gastrectomy and at another bariatric operation 16 ± 2 months later, after losing 113 ± 13 lbs. Adipocyte sizes and [3H]-LCFA uptake kinetics were determined in all biopsies. Results Vmax for facilitated LCFA uptake by omental adipocytes increased exponentially from 5.1 ± 0.95 to 21.3 ± 3.20 to 68.7 ± 9.45 pmol/sec/50,000 cells in NO, O, and SO patients, respectively, correlating with BMI (r = 0.99, P < 0.001). Subcutaneous results were virtually identical. By the second operation, the mean BMI (SO patients) fell significantly (P < 0.01) to 44.4 ± 2.4 kg m−2, similar to the O group. However, Vmax (40.6 ± 11.5) in this weight-reduced group remained ∼2X that predicted from the BMI:Vmax regression among NO, O, and SO patients. Conclusions Facilitated adipocyte LCFA uptake remains significantly upregulated ≥1 year after bariatric surgery, possibly contributing to weight regain.
Abstract 156: Assessing the readiness and interest towards electronic means of communication among patients at Federally Qualified Health Centers.

Background: Some research has been done into using mobile phones as a means of communication with patients. It has been shown to improve medication adherence among chronically ill patients. As of December 2012 , more than 89% of the US inhabitants have mobile broadband subscriptions .This opens up the potential for Smartphone applications and also patient portals, above and beyond text messaging for patient communication. Objectives: To assess the readiness, interest and barriers of low income minority patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) towards adopting 1) Text messaging , Smartphone applications , Patient portals as means of communication with providers. 2)Compare technology adoption in immigrant versus non-immigrant populations. Methods: This study is part of the Office- Guidelines Applied to Practice (Office-GAP) project, designed to improve secondary prevention of heart disease for DM and CVD patients in FQHCs (Federally Qualified Health Centers) in Michigan. We analyzed 119 out of the 242 patients that participated in Office-GAP group visits (June 2013-January 2014) and completed the questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluated their readiness , interest and barriers towards electronic means of communication . Chart abstraction was performed for relevant data by trained research assistants. Descriptive analysis was performed on the cross sectional data thus obtained. Results: Study population is 53 % (63 of 119) non-immigrant , 47% (56 of 119) immigrant. Mean age is 53.69 (33.07% males) and 57.1% (68 of 119) of our patient population has a cellphone with non-immigrants having higher access (74.6 vs 37.5%) compared to immigrants. Text messages can be sent and received by 37.8% (45 of 119) with 21.1% (25 of 118) having to pay extra charges for texts and 25.7% (30 of 117) want texts from the doctors office. A landline is available to 54% (64 of 119) and 48.2% (56 of 116) want voicemails. Out of our population with both a landline and cellphone 57 %(60 of 106) prefer landline. Only 10 % (12 of 119) of our population can use a computer very well and 55% (65 of 119) cannot use a computer at all , 35%(42 of 119) have access to internet and email and 52.3%(22 of 42) want emails from their doctors office. Seven percent (4 of 58) would like to have access to their medical information online by means of a patient portal. Three percent (2 of 58) have a smartphone and 1.7% (1 of 58) would like a Smartphone application for accessing their medical records. Conclusion: Minority and low-income patients with DM and CVD may eventually be ready for adopting more technology as a means of communication with their provider as technology gets cheaper and trivialized . Current readiness and interest to adoption is lower among immigrant compared to non immigrant population. More research is needed to determine the barriers to adopting technology for secondary prevention of heart disease.
The implications of sample design on survey data analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the implication of sample design on survey data analysis. Data are usually collected to gain insight on the population from which the data have been obtained. The contention that valid statistical inference requires an analysis strategy is sensitive to important features of the data collection design. The chapter comments on sample design implications on the analysis of survey data. It presents three general classes of data collection systems and discusses the effects of stratification, multi-stage clustering, and unequal probability selection on Wald statistics that assume a multinomial (simple random) sampling model. The chapter presents examples of the analyses of two recent surveys conducted by the Research Triangle Institute to illustrate the potential problems of ignoring sample design when analyzing sample survey data.
A simple parallel Cartesian tree algorithm and its application to suffix tree construction

We present a simple linear work and space, and poly-logarithmic time parallel algorithm for generating multiway Cartesian trees. As a special case, the algorithm can be used to generate suffix trees from suffix arrays on arbitrary alphabets in the same bounds. In conjunction with parallel suffix array algorithms, such as the skew algorithm, this gives a rather simple linear work parallel algorithm for generating suffix trees over an integer alphabet Σ ⊆ [1,...,n], where n is the length of the input string. More generally, given a sorted sequences of strings and the longest common prefix lengths between adjacent elements, the algorithm will generate a pat tree (compacted trie) over the strings. We also present experimental results comparing the performance of the algorithm to existing sequential implementations and a second parallel algorithm. We present comparisons for the Cartesian tree algorithm on its own and for constructing a suffix tree using our algorithm. The results show that on a variety of strings our algorithm is competitive with the sequential version on a single processor and achieves good speedup on multiple processors.
Autologous alternatives to facial transplantation.

Advances in autologous reconstructive concepts, principles, and techniques allow us to close wounds of almost any size. The concept of three-dimensional (3-D) functional units of the face is discussed. Five cases of facial deformity are presented to demonstrate the concept of reconstructing different "functional" units of the face with consideration for restoring the 3-D loss of tissue within the anatomic boundaries of the aesthetic units. This article demonstrates that most individual parts or functional units can be reconstructed with autologous techniques in an acceptable way. It is when large segments of multiple contiguous functional units are destroyed that these techniques fall short of rebuilding parts that function harmoniously with the rest of the face.
Compensating Differentials and the Male-Female Wage Gap: A Comment

Jacobs and Steinberg question previous work (focusing largely on my own) asserting that male-female differences in earnings are related to systematic differences in characteristics of jobs held by the two sexes. They then present evidence they claim does not support this result. Their criticism of the earlier work has two main components: (1) that it is unnecessarily post hoc in determining the direction in which job characteristics should affect wages and (2) that the job characteristics included in these studies are often insignificant in wage equations, rendering analysis of their effects on the influence of gender composition on wages suspect. At a fundamental level, all analyses of compensating differentials must be post hoc since researchers can never know in advance whether a job characteristic will be positively or negatively compensated in the labor market. To assert otherwise is to assert, as Jacobs and Steinberg do, that all members of the labor force view the characteristic similarly. If we knew that every worker viewed physical exertion as reducing his or her welfare, we could predict that jobs that profited from exertion would have to pay higher wages to attract workers. Unfortunately for analysts, there are few, if any, characteristics on which workers show such uniformity of preferences. Consider, as an example, the job characteristic of "strenuous physical activity." While Jacobs and Steinberg may find this disagreeable in a job, many Americans obviously do not. The range of workers' tastes and preferences with respect to this variable can be seen by observing that many Americans pay large sums of money for gym memberships and personal trainers to increase their activity level, whereas others get into their automobiles to drive two blocks to the corner store. In the face of this diversity, whether physical activity on a job results in higher or lower wages does not depend on how Jacobs and Steinberg feel about it but on the number of Americans who find that greater activity increases their well-being (as opposed to the number who dislike such activity) relative to the number of jobs in which high levels of activity are required. One can easily imagine a structure of jobs and preferences with fewer strenuous jobs than there are Americans on physical-fitness kicks. In this case, competition
Cu(I)-catalyzed diamination of conjugated dienes. Complementary regioselectivity from two distinct mechanistic pathways involving Cu(II) and Cu(III) species.

Conjugated dienes can be diaminated at the internal and/or terminal double bonds using Cu(I) as catalyst and N,N-di-t-butyldiaziridinone (1) as nitrogen source. The regioselectivity is highly dependent upon the choice of Cu(I) catalyst and the substituents on diene substrates. The diamination likely proceeds via two mechanistically distinct pathways. The N–N bond of N,N-di-t-butyldiaziridinone (1) is first homolytically cleaved by the Cu(I) catalyst to form four-membered Cu(III) species A and Cu(II) radical species B, which are in rapid equilibrium. The internal diamination likely proceeds in a concerted manner via Cu(III) species A, and the terminal diamination likely involves Cu(II) radical species B. Kinetic studies have shown that the diamination is first-order in N,N-di-t-butyldiaziridinone (1), zero-order in olefin, and first-order in total Cu(I) catalyst, and the cleavage of the N–N bond of 1 by the Cu(I) catalyst is the rate-determining step. The internal diamination is favored by use of CuBr with...
Variant-Specific Antihemagglutinin Serum Response to Type A Influenza Natural Infection and Inactivated Vaccines in Adults

SummaryAntigenic stimulation by infection was more effective than immunization with inactivated vaccine in evoking a variant-specific serum antibody response. In both groups, occurrences of such a response could not be associated with the height of postex-posure antibody titer or absence and/or presence of preexisting antibody to homologous and heterologous viruses.
SU‐F‐J‐158: Respiratory Motion Resolved, Self‐Gated 4D‐MRI Using Rotating Cartesian K‐Space Sampling

Purpose: Dynamic MRI has been used to quantify respiratory motion of abdominal organs in radiation treatment planning. Many existing 4D-MRI methods based on 2D acquisitions suffer from limited slice resolution and additional stitching artifacts when evaluated in 3D1. To address these issues, we developed a 4D-MRI (3D dynamic) technique with true 3D k-space encoding and respiratory motion self-gating. Methods: The 3D k-space was acquired using a Rotating Cartesian K-space (ROCK) pattern, where the Cartesian grid was reordered in a quasi-spiral fashion with each spiral arm rotated using golden angle2. Each quasi-spiral arm started with the k-space center-line, which were used as self-gating3 signal for respiratory motion estimation. The acquired k-space data was then binned into 8 respiratory phases and the golden angle ensures a near-uniform k-space sampling in each phase. Finally, dynamic 3D images were reconstructed using the ESPIRiT technique4. 4D-MRI was performed on 6 healthy volunteers, using the following parameters (bSSFP, Fat-Sat, TE/TR=2ms/4ms, matrix size=500×350×120, resolution=1×1×1.2mm, TA=5min, 8 respiratory phases). Supplemental 2D real-time images were acquired in 9 different planes. Dynamic locations of the diaphragm dome and left kidney were measured from both 4D and 2D images. The same protocol was also performed on a MRI-compatible motion phantom where the motion was programmed with different amplitude (10–30mm) and frequency (3–10/min). Results: High resolution 4D-MRI were obtained successfully in 5 minutes. Quantitative motion measurements from 4D-MRI agree with the ones from 2D CINE (<5% error). The 4D images are free of the stitching artifacts and their near-isotropic resolution facilitates 3D visualization and segmentation of abdominal organs such as the liver, kidney and pancreas. Conclusion: Our preliminary studies demonstrated a novel ROCK 4D-MRI technique with true 3D k-space encoding and respiratory motion self-gating. The technique leads to high-resolution and artifacts-free 4D images for improved abdominal organ motion studies. K.S acknowledges funding support from NIH R01CA188300
Economic Reforms and Their Impacts on Informal Payments for Government Services in Transition Countries

ABSTRACTThis article examines whether economic reforms in transition countries reduce the incidence of informal payments to government officials. Using the 2009 EBRD-World Bank Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) data, empirical models of the likelihood and frequency that firms are asked to make informal payments are estimated. Eight measures of economic reform developed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) are also included in the analysis, both individually and as a combined index of overall reform, to test whether reforms reduce informal payments. Firm, country, and economic reform factors are all found to have an impact. In particular, the overall reform index and all but one of the eight EBRD reform indices are found to significantly reduce informal payments. The marginal effect of a one-standard-deviation increase in the overall reform index is to reduce the probability of a firm reporting that it gives a gift by 2.5% and reduce the probability th...
Post-Operative Epilepsy Recurrence

Post-operative seizures occurred in 72 patients after resective procedures for epilepsy at The Epilepsy Surgery Program, Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
A collocated isogeometric finite element method based on Gauss–Lobatto Lagrange extraction of splines

Generalizing the concept of Bezier extraction, we introduce an extraction operator that links C0C0 Gauss–Lobatto Lagrange functions with smooth splines. This opens the door for collocated isogeometric analysis that combines the accuracy of the Galerkin method with collocation-type formation and assembly procedures. We present the key ingredients of the technology, i.e. integration by parts and the weighted residual form, the interaction of Gauss–Lobatto Lagrange extraction with Gauss–Lobatto quadrature, and symmetrization with the ultra-weak formulation. We compare the new method with standard isogeometric Galerkin and isogeometric point-collocation methods for spline discretizations in three dimensions.
Short-term effects of air temperature and mitochondrial DNA lesions within an older population.

Abstract Background Previous studies have linked both extreme and sub-optimal air temperature to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, especially in older individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be determined. Objectives We hypothesized that short-term increases in air temperature may induce blood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions in older individuals, which could contribute to temperature-related pathogenesis. Methods We repeatedly measured mtDNA lesions in blood samples from 654 participants in the Normative Aging Study from 1999 to 2013 (1142 observations) by quantitative long-amplicon polymerase chain reaction assay. Hourly temperature data were obtained from the Boston Logan Airport weather station (located approximately 12 km from the clinical site). We calculated 2-, 7-, and 14-day moving averages of 24-hour mean and 24-hour variability of temperature. We fit covariate-adjusted linear-mixed models accounting for repeated measures to evaluate the association between short-term increases in mean and variability of temperature with mtDNA lesions within each season. Results Interquartile increases in 7- and 14-day moving averages of 24-hour mean temperature in summer were associated with a 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.27; p = 0.0007) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.32; p = 0.0001) increase in the number of mtDNA lesions per 10 kb, respectively. Results were similar when we further adjusted for temperature variability. We also observed significant associations between increases in temperature variability and mtDNA lesions independent of mean air temperature. An interquartile range increase in the 7-day moving average of 24-hour standard deviation in summer was associated with a 0.19 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.31; p = 0.0023) increase in the number of mtDNA lesions per 10 kb. Conclusions Short-term exposure to higher mean air temperature was associated with increased mtDNA lesions in older adults, supporting the hypothesis that sub-optimal meteorological conditions may induce pathophysiological responses among susceptible populations.
Robotic Rectovesical Fistula Repair

Rectovesical Fistula (RVF) is an uncommon complication of radical prostatectomy and management can be challenging due to the deep location in the pelvis and prior surgery. Our objective is to describe a reproducible robotic technique for transabdominal repair of RVF with omental flap interposition. Appropriate operative setup and technique are keys to a successful and durable repair. We aim to provide a concise draft on an established technique for robotic RVF repair that may serve as a guide to the novice robotic surgeon.
Kinetics of cellular transformation and competing precipitation mechanisms during sub-eutectoid annealing of U10Mo alloys

Abstract Transformation kinetics of metastable body-centered cubic γ-UMo phase in U-10 wt.% Mo alloy during annealing at sub-eutectoid temperatures of 500 °C and 400 °C has been determined as a function of time using detailed microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atom probe tomography. Based on the results, we found that the phase transformation is initiated by cellular transformation at both the temperatures, which results in formation of a lamellar microstructure along prior γ-UMo grain boundaries. At 500 °C, cellular transformation is the main mode of transformation. However, at 400 °C, cellular transformation and precipitation of ordered γ′ U2Mo phase within γ-UMo grain interior creates a competitive situation. The kinetics of the cellular transformation was found to be very sluggish at 400 °C compared to the kinetics observed at 500 °C as measured by the transformed area fraction. The hardness of γ-UMo grain interior also was measured and correlated with the observed microstructural evolution. The implication of these results on the low-enriched U-10 wt.% Mo alloy fuel fabrication process development is discussed.
Teaching Emotionally Disturbed Adolescents: A Study of Selected Teacher and Teaching Characteristics:

The National Secondary School Survey was conducted to obtain information regarding the state-of-the-art in service delivery to learning disabled and emotionally disturbed adolescents. Volunteer pub...
Coordinated EDX and micro‐Raman analysis of presolar silicon carbide: A novel, nondestructive method to identify rare subgroup SiC

We report the development of a novel method to nondestructively identify presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains with high initial 26Al/27Al ratios (>0.01) and extreme 13C-enrichments (12C/13C ≤ 10) by backscattered electron-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and micro-Raman analyses. Our survey of a large number of presolar SiC demonstrates that (1) ~80% of core-collapse supernova and putative nova SiC can be identified by quantitative EDX and Raman analyses with >70% confidence; (2) ~90% of presolar SiC are predominantly 3C-SiC, as indicated by their Raman transverse optical (TO) peak position and width; (3) presolar 3C-SiC with 12C/13C ≤ 10 show lower Raman TO phonon frequencies compared to mainstream 3C-SiC. The downward shifted phonon frequencies of the 13C-enriched SiC with concomitant peak broadening are a natural consequence of isotope substitution. 13C-enriched SiC can therefore be identified by micro-Raman analysis; (4) larger shifts in the Raman TO peak position and width indicate deviations from the ideal 3C structure, including rare polytypes. Coordinated transmission electron microscopy analysis of one X and one mainstream SiC grain found them to be of 6H and 15R polytypes, respectively; (5) our correlated Raman and NanoSIMS study of mainstream SiC shows that high nitrogen content is a dominant factor in causing mainstream SiC Raman peak broadening without significant peak shifts; and (6) we found that the SiC condensation conditions in different stellar sites are astonishingly similar, except for X grains, which often condensed more rapidly and at higher atmospheric densities and temperatures, resulting in a higher fraction of grains with much downward shifted and broadened Raman TO peaks.
Off and back-on again: a tumor suppressor's tale

Tumor suppressor genes play critical roles orchestrating anti-cancer programs that are both context dependent and mechanistically diverse. Beyond canonical tumor suppressive programs that control cell division, cell death, and genome stability, unexpected tumor suppressor gene activities that regulate metabolism, immune surveillance, the epigenetic landscape, and others have recently emerged. This diversity underscores the important roles these genes play in maintaining cellular homeostasis to suppress cancer initiation and progression, but also highlights a tremendous challenge in discerning precise context-specific programs of tumor suppression controlled by a given tumor suppressor. Fortunately, the rapid sophistication of genetically engineered mouse models of cancer has begun to shed light on these context-dependent tumor suppressor activities. By using techniques that not only toggle "off" tumor suppressor genes in nascent tumors, but also facilitate the timely restoration of gene function "back-on again" in disease specific contexts, precise mechanisms of tumor suppression can be revealed in an unbiased manner. This review discusses the development and implementation of genetic systems designed to toggle tumor suppressor genes off and back-on again and their potential to uncover the tumor suppressor's tale.