cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Law and Psychology of Bullying

Decades of research have shown the range of negative outcomes associated with bullying and cyberbullying, and it is a topic that has received national attention from media, educators, parents, researchers, and legislators. The goal of this chapter is to describe current laws related to bullying and cyberbullying, examine existing research about the social and emotional characteristics of bullies and victims, and present a discussion of the interaction between law and the psychology of bullying. Preliminary research suggests that most anti-bullying legislation has limited effectiveness in reducing bullying. Though the most extreme bullying behavior (e.g., assault, robbery) is already a punishable crime, there is great difficulty in further criminalizing bullying. For example, there are challenges with defining bullying and in determining when an aggressive behavior is no longer developmentally appropriate. Although existing legislation has produced underwhelming results and criminalizing bullying is an uphill battle, the authors nevertheless conclude that bullying laws are important and are an area of future development. More importantly, there needs to be legislation that focuses on not just requiring schools to have a bullying intervention plan, but also requiring social and emotional learning programs at all grade levels that can prevent bullying and/or reduce its severity.
Silence and Mediation: Narrative Form in Bapsi Sidhwa’s Cracking India

This essay considers the role of narrative silence in postcolonial literature, particularly the literary techniques of Bapsi Sidhwa in Cracking India. Engaging with historiographical debates on how...
Calculation of Transport Through Ballistic Quantum Structures

Coherent ballistic transport through a circular resonant cavity in a quantum electron waveguide is examined. The circular cavity is weakly coupled to a rectangular channel. The current density in the cavity region is calculated from the solution to the effective-mass Schrodinger equation. Current vortex formation in the cavity and a related increase in probability density in the the cavity occur at certain resonant energies.
Nine-vectors, complex octonion/quaternion hypercomplex numbers, lie groups, and the ‘real’ world

A “mental” multiplication scheme is given for the super hypercomplex numbers, which extend the 16-element Dirac algebra to 32 elements by appending the complex octonions. This extends the 5-vectors of relativity to 9-vectors. The problems with nonassociativity, for the group structures and wave equation covariance, are explored.
Benefit of phonemic cueing on confrontation naming in Alzheimer's disease

Objective: Deficits in confrontation naming vary among persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the extent to which phonemic cueing is helpful in generating the target word. This study examined neuropsychological correlates of phonemic cueing benefit and the influential effects of AD severity, estimated premorbid intellectual functioning, and apolipoprotein E genotype status.Method: Participants were 1104 individuals with mild to moderate AD who were administered the Boston Naming Test (BNT) as part of their initial neuropsychological evaluation.Results: Mild AD subjects benefited from phonemic cues significantly more than moderate AD subjects. Individuals with higher estimated premorbid IQ benefited more from phonemic cueing. Differences in phonemic cueing benefit between carriers and noncarriers of the ApoE e4 allele were accounted for by naming ability, with carriers performing better on naming tasks compared to noncarriers. Phonemic cueing benefit uniquely contributed to cognitive performance on some semantic measures, phonemic fluency, and one nonsemantic visuospatial task.Conclusion: Individuals with probable AD who benefit more from phonemic cueing during confrontation naming tend to have higher estimated premorbid IQ and are milder in dementia severity. There is a positive association between phonemic cueing benefit and performance on select semantic measures and verbal fluency. Differences in phonemic cueing benefit between carriers and noncarriers of APOE e4 allele can be explained by spontaneous naming performance. Results suggest complexity of underlying mechanisms involving confrontation naming, phonemic cueing, and lexical access and the factors that influence them.
Oil delivery balancing and priming for multi-diameter minimum quantity lubrication tooling assemblies

Abstract Multidiameter tooling assemblies are widely used in high volume machining to reduce tool changes and maintain concentricity between features. In minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) applications, the internal coolant passage geometry in the assembly must be carefully designed to ensure oil delivery to all edges and adequate time response during tool changes. Such assemblies also lose oil over time in the tool changer, and require periodic priming or “baptism,” which results in lost production time and wasted oil. In this paper, the oil balancing problem is analyzed by treating individual coolant passage using a resistance analogy. This novel method results in better balance compared to standard production tools as documented through oil collection measurements. Extending the electrical analogy, the priming time and response time for the assembly are analyzed by comparison to an RC circuit. In this approach, both priming and response time depend on the resistance of the assembly to oil flow and the capacitance of the assembly to store oil. Based on this approach, it is shown that priming time can be greatly reduced by priming at a maximum oil level dependent on the assembly’s resistance, and that in typical operations most tools can be primed as part of the tool change cycles without an additional priming cycle. The implications for MQL tooling design and the estimation of tooling assembly oil capacitance are also discussed.
Writing a Systematic Review for Publication in a Health-Related Degree Program.

Background: The protocol in this manuscript was designed to help graduate students publish, which resulted from a challenge from our provost in 2013. I developed this protocol over the last 6 years and have exercised the protocol for the last 5 years. The current version of the protocol has remained mostly static for the last 2 years—only small changes have been made to the process. Objective: The objective of this protocol is to enable students to learn a valuable skill of conducting a systematic review and to write the review in a way that can be published. I have designed the protocol to fit into the schedule of a traditional semester, but also used it in compressed semesters. Methods: An image map was created in HTML 5.0 and imported into a learning management system. It augments traditional instruction by providing references to published articles, examples, and previously recorded instructional videos. Students use the image map outside the classroom after traditional instruction. The image map helps students create manuscripts that follow established practice and are reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and whose authorship follows guidelines by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Results: Since its inception, this protocol has helped 77 students publish 27 systematic reviews in nine journals worldwide. Some manuscripts take multiple years to progress through multiple review processes at multiple journals submitted in sequence. Two other professors in the School of Health Administration have used this protocol in their classes. Conclusions: So far, this method has helped 51% of graduate students who used it in my graduate courses publish articles (with more manuscripts under consideration whose numbers have remained uncounted in this sum). I wish success to others who might use this protocol.
flEECe, an energy use and occupant behavior dataset for net-zero energy affordable senior residential buildings

The behaviors of building occupants have continued to perplex scholars for years in our attempts to develop models for energy efficient housing. Building simulations, project delivery approaches, policies, and more have fell short of their optimistic goals due to the complexity of human behavior. As a part of a multiphase longitudinal affordable housing study, this dataset represents energy and occupant behavior attributes for 6 affordable housing units over nine months in Virginia, USA which are not performing to the net-zero energy standard they were designed for. This dataset provides researchers the ability to analyze the following variables: energy performance, occupant behaviors, energy literacy, and ecological perceptions. Energy data is provided at a 1 Hz sampling rate for four circuits: main, hot water heater, dryer, and HVAC. Building specifications, occupancy, weather data, and neighboring building energy use data are provided to add depth to the dataset. This dataset can be used to update building energy use models, predictive maintenance, policy frameworks, construction risk models, economic models, and more. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9891995
The Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) for Discharge Planning in a Posterior Lumbar Fusion Population.

BACKGROUND As the use of bundled care payment models has become widespread in neurosurgery, there is a distinct need for improved preoperative predictive tools to identify patients who will not benefit from prolonged hospitalization, thus facilitating earlier discharge to rehabilitation or nursing facilities. OBJECTIVE To validate the use of Risk Assessment and Prediction Tool (RAPT) in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion for predicting discharge disposition. METHODS Patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar fusion from June 2016 to February 2017 were prospectively enrolled. RAPT scores and discharge outcomes were recorded for patients aged 50 yr or more (n = 432). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the ability of RAPT score to predict discharge disposition. Multivariate regression was performed in a backwards stepwise logistic fashion to create a binomial model. RESULTS Escalating RAPT score predicts disposition to home (P < .0001). Every unit increase in RAPT score increases the chance of home disposition by 55.8% and 38.6% than rehab and skilled nursing facility, respectively. Further, RAPT score was significant in predicting length of stay (P = .0239), total surgical cost (P = .0007), and 30-d readmission (P < .0001). Amongst RAPT score subcomponents, walk, gait, and postoperative care availability were all predictive of disposition location (P < .0001) for both models. In a generalized multiple logistic regression model, the 3 top predictive factors for disposition were the RAPT score, length of stay, and age (P < .0001, P < .0001 and P = .0001, respectively). CONCLUSION Preoperative RAPT score is a highly predictive tool in lumbar fusion patients for discharge disposition.
A sticky situation: a case of Actinomyces viscosus vertebral osteomyelitis

Abstract. Actinomyces viscosus is an oral bacterium that is rarely virulent in humans, with most case presentations involving dental and maxillofacial infections. We describe the first reported case of A. viscosus vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient who had a significant response to penicillin after minimal response to cephalosporin therapy.
Evaluation of the Special Olympics Team Wellness health promotion program for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Introduction:Individuals with intellectual disabilities are a known health disparities group. The Team Wellness (TW) health promotion program was developed to provide healthy lifestyle information ...
Numerical Analysis of Pb-free Perovskite Absorber Materials: Prospects and Challenges

SCAPS baseline models for perovskite absorber materials with and without lead were developed by fitting JV and QE of champion devices from literature. From these baseline models, the practical efficiency of such devices was then determined based on optimizing the absorber interfaces, and assuming no series resistance, shunt conductance, or reflectance. From these baseline models, the efficiency limits have been determined based on optimizing the interface band alignments, reduction in midgap defect density, increased absorption coefficient and no parasitic losses. SCAPS-1D simulations suggest that (1) theoretically determined efficiency limit of CS 2 PtI 6 perovskites is comparable to (FA, MA, Cs)Pb(I, Br) 3 perovskites, (2) FA 4 GeSbCl 12 is a promising photo-absorber.
Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Predicting Macrolide and Tetracycline Resistance Associated with Bacterial Pathogens of Bovine Respiratory Disease

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an emerging concern that may threaten both animal and public health. Rapid and accurate detection of AMR is essential for prudent drug therapy selection during BRD outbreaks. This study aimed to develop a multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qPCR) to provide culture-independent information regarding the phenotypic AMR status of BRD cases and an alternative to the gold-standard, culture-dependent test. Bovine clinical samples (297 lung and 111 nasal) collected in Nebraska were subjected to qPCR quantification of macrolide (MAC) and tetracycline (TET) resistance genes and gold-standard determinations of AMR of BRD pathogens. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to classify AMR based on the qPCR results. For lung tissues, the qPCR method showed good agreement with the gold-standard test for both MACs and TETs, with a sensitivity of 67-81% and a specificity higher than 80%. For nasal swabs, qPCR results passed validation criteria only for TET resistance detection, with a sensitivity of 88%, a specificity of 80% and moderate agreement. The culture-independent assay developed here provides the potential for more rapid AMR characterization of BRD cases directly from clinical samples at equivalent accuracy and higher time efficiency compared with the gold-standard, culture-based test.
Sedation and General Anesthesia: Update

SUMMARY Oral and maxillofacial surgeons have had a leadership role in the development and use of outpatient surgical techniques. Recent advances in pharmacology have placed improved sedative, anesthetic, and adjunctive agents into our hands. Their use and benefits have been described in clinical terms applied to routine office practice. Safety is their most notable aspect, as well as shortened duration of action, minimal side effects, and ease of reversibility. Although no agents are perfect, a choice clearly is available to allow more alternatives to current practice. Their consideration will significantly enhance the safety, patient approval and referral, and efficiency of surgical practice through the 1990s.
La influencia de la teoría de la dependencia en los discursos de desarrollo de América Latina

espanolLa teoria de la dependencia ha sido considerada como una perspectiva obsoleta para el estudio de la realidad latinoamericana. El exito de otras areas geograficas perifericas al posicionarse en el centro de la economia mundial al final del siglo veinte significo el aparente final de la validez de la teoria de la dependencia. Sin embargo, los Estados de America Latina siguen sin ser capaces de corregir las deficiencias estructurales que inspiraron la incepcion de la dependencia, ya que continuan siendo significativamente dependientes a la comercializacion de materias primas. Este articulo busca reabrir el debate sobre la teoria de la dependencia, con el objetivo de recuperar sus valiosos analisis para la reflexion sobre las tendencias socioeconomicas actuales de la region. A su vez, busca redefinir los aspectos teoricos mas rigidos y obsoletos de la teoria de la dependencia, para resaltar su influencia en discursos de desarrollo actuales. En este sentido, este articulo resalta los paralelismos entre la teoria de la dependencia y la literatura academica sobre el desarrollo y los recursos primarios EnglishDependence Theory has been deemed as an obsolete approach for the study of Latin-American reality. The success in other peripheral geographic areas that managed to position themselves at the core of the world economy by the end of the 20th century apparently meant that the said theory was not valid anymore. However, the Latin-American countries are still not capable to correct the structural deficiencies that inspired the inception of the dependence, as they are still today significantly dependent on the raw material trading. This paper aims to resume the debate on the Dependence Theory in order to recover some valuable insights for the reflection on the current socioeconomic trends in this region. This work attempts, in turn, to redefine the most rigid and obsolete theoretical aspects of the Dependence Theory in order to underline how it influenced current development discourses. In this vein, this paper highlights the parallel facts between the Dependence Theory and the academic literature on development and primary resources
How to Study Well-Being: A Proposal for the Integration of Philosophy With Science:

There are presently two approaches to the study of well-being. Philosophers typically focus on normative theorizing, attempting to identify the things that are ultimately good for a person, while l...
Determining optimal locations of distribution centres to minimise transportation costs

Locating and allocating distribution centres optimally is a vital decision in supply chain management. Doing so will improve the efficiency of the logistics system as well as reduce its operating costs significantly. In this study, we develop a mixed-integer mathematical model to determine the optimal locations and allocations of distribution centres, which minimise the operational cost. The performance of this model is then tested using data collected from a leading building products distribution company in the USA. The computational results were analysed to determine whether the company can reduce its transportation and operational costs significantly by implementing new optimal distribution locations. Results show that the company can reduce its transportation costs 20% by implementing the location and allocations given by the proposed mathematical model.
Role of CCR2+ Myeloid Cells in Inflammation Responses Driven by Expression of a Surfactant Protein-C Mutant in the Alveolar Epithelium.

Acute inflammatory exacerbations (AIE) represent precipitous deteriorations of a number of chronic lung conditions, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. AIEs are marked by diffuse and persistent polycellular alveolitis that profoundly accelerate lung function decline and mortality. In particular, excess monocyte mobilization during AIE and their persistence in the lung have been linked to poor disease outcome. The etiology of AIEs remains quite uncertain, but environmental exposure and genetic predisposition/mutations have been identified as two contributing factors. Guided by clinical evidence, we have developed a mutant model of pulmonary fibrosis leveraging the PF-linked missense isoleucine to threonine substitution at position 73 [I73T] in the alveolar type-2 cell-restricted Surfactant Protein-C [SP-C] gene [SFTPC]. With this toolbox at hand, the present work investigates the role of peripheral monocytes during the initiation and progression of AIE-PF. Genetic ablation of CCR2+ monocytes (SP-CI73TCCR2KO) resulted in improved lung histology, mouse survival, and reduced inflammation compared to SP-CI73TCCR2WT cohorts. FACS analysis of CD11b+CD64-Ly6Chi monocytes isolated 3 d and 14 d after SP-CI73T induced injury reveals dynamic transcriptional changes associated with "Innate Immunity' and 'Extracellular Matrix Organization' signaling. While immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analysis revealed comparable levels of tgfb1 mRNA expression localized primarily in parenchymal cells found nearby foci of injury we found reduced effector cell activation (C1q, iNOS, Arg1) in SP-CI73TCCR2KO lungs as well as partial colocalization of tgfb1 mRNA expression in Arg1+ cells. These results provide a detailed picture of the role of resident macrophages and recruited monocytes in the context of AIE-PF driven by alveolar epithelial dysfunction.
Effect of Water Hardness on Catechin and Caffeine Content in Green Tea Infusions

The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. However, casual consumers will simply use their local tap water, which differs in alkalinity and mineral content depending on the region. To assess the effect of water hardness on catechin and caffeine content, green tea infusions were prepared with synthetic freshwater in five different hardness levels, a sodium bicarbonate solution, a mineral salt solution, and deionized water. HPLC analysis was performed with a superficially porous pentafluorophenyl column. As water hardness increased, total catechin yield decreased. This was mostly due to the autoxidation of epigallocatechin (EGC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Epicatechin (EC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and caffeine showed greater chemical stability. Autoxidation was promoted by alkaline conditions and resulted in the browning of the green tea infusions. High levels of alkaline sodium bicarbonate found in hard water can render some tap waters unsuitable for green tea preparation.
A frame-based spatially explicit model of subarctic vegetation response to climatic change: comparison with a point model

An important challenge in global-change research is to simulate short-term transient changes in climate, disturbance regime, and recruitment that drive long-term vegetation distributions. Spatial features (e.g., topographic barriers) and processes, including disturbance propagation and seed dispersal, largely control these short-term transient changes. Here we present a frame-based spatially explicit model (ALFRESCO) that simulates landscape-level response of vegetation to transient changes in climate and explicitly represents the spatial processes of disturbance propagation and seed dispersal. The spatial model and the point model from which it was developed showed similar results in some cases, but diverged in situations where interactions among neighboring cells (fire spread and seed dispersal) were crucial. Topographic barriers had little influence on fire size in low-flammability vegetation types, but reduced the average fire size and increased the number of fires in highly flammable vegetation (dry grassland). Large fires were more common in landscapes with large contiguous patches of two vegetation types while a more heterogeneous vegetation distribution increased fires in the less flammable vegetation type. When climate was held constant for thousands of years on a hypothetical landscape with the same initial vegetation, the spatial and point models produced identical results for some climates (cold, warm, and hot mesic), but produced markedly different results at current climate and when much drier conditions were imposed under a hot climate. Spruce migration into upland tundra was slowed or prevented by topographic barriers, depending on the size of the corridor. We suggest that frame-based, spatially explicit models of vegetation response to climate change are a useful tool to investigate both short- and long-term transients in vegetation at the regional scale. We also suggest that it is difficult to anticipate when non-spatial models will be reliable and when spatially explicit models are essential. ALFRESCO provides an important link between models of landscape-level vegetation dynamics and larger spatio-temporal models of global climate change.
Understanding Chest Pain: What Every Psychologist Should Know

Chest pain is one of the most frequent presenting complaints in Emergency Rooms and other medical settings. A considerable number of these patients do not have significant coronary artery disease. This led to plausible alternative explanations for these presenting symptoms and these patients tend to have unremarkable cardiac outcomes. Nevertheless, many studies have also documented that symptoms and related disability persist in the face of reassurances about benign cardiac status. Given the implied threat of chest pain (e.g., myocardial infarction) and the presence of chest pain symptoms in other noncardiac conditions (including anxiety and panic), it is not surprising that many of these patients present with considerable emotional distress. Consequently, chest pain symptoms represent diagnostic and treatment dilemmas for physicians and psychologists alike. The extent to which cardiac and noncardiac factors contribute to all forms of chest pain remains unknown. The function of this review is to provide mental health professionals with a primer on relevant clinical issues in chronic chest pain. We examine several common medical and psychiatric causes of chronic chest pain and selectively review (1) the relevant medical and psychiatric diagnostic and treatment considerations for chest pain and (2) the hypothetical biobehavioral mechanisms relevant to psychological intervention, (3) while expanding on existing conceptual models for understanding chest pain, and (4) offering some suggestions for future research.
Application of Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) accelerators to the Pleim-Xiu land surface scheme

The land-surface model (LSM) is one physics process in the weather research and forecast (WRF) model. The LSM includes atmospheric information from the surface layer scheme, radiative forcing from the radiation scheme, and precipitation forcing from the microphysics and convective schemes, together with internal information on the land’s state variables and land-surface properties. The LSM is to provide heat and moisture fluxes over land points and sea-ice points. The Pleim-Xiu (PX) scheme is one LSM. The PX LSM features three pathways for moisture fluxes: evapotranspiration, soil evaporation, and evaporation from wet canopies. To accelerate the computation process of this scheme, we employ Intel Xeon Phi Many Integrated Core (MIC) Architecture as it is a multiprocessor computer structure with merits of efficient parallelization and vectorization essentials. Our results show that the MIC-based optimization of this scheme running on Xeon Phi coprocessor 7120P improves the performance by 2.3x and 11.7x as compared to the original code respectively running on one CPU socket (eight cores) and on one CPU core with Intel Xeon E5-2670.
A neural processing node with on-chip learning

Real-time control requires adaptive, analog VLSI chips. The authors describe the design and test results of an adaptive analog processing chip. These chips are pulse coded signals for communication between processing nodes and analog weights for information storage. The adaptive rule is implemented on chip. Experimental results demonstrate that the network produces unsupervised linearly separable outputs that correspond to dominant features of the inputs. >
Self-assembled metallo-dielectric photonic crystals with composite silver/silica colloidal spheres

We present fabrication of nanocrystalline-silver-decorated colloidal silica spheres, and their subsequent self-assembly into ordered metallo-dielectric photonic crystals. These materials are predicted to exhibit highly enhanced nonlinear optical response. Structural characterization and optical properties of the materials are discussed.
Evidence of a compensating wage differential for NFL players who play on artificial turf

The compensating wage differential theory predicts firms must pay wage premiums to attract workers to jobs with a higher risk of injury. Given that National Football League players believe playing on artificial turf increases the risk of injury, we examine whether 'turf players' receive wage premiums. Using player data and quantile regression analysis, results provide evidence in favor of the theory. Specifically, 'scorers' in the 75th (salary) percentile is the only category that shows evidence of receiving a differential. We surmise players in 90th percentile are so highly compensated to begin with that any additional compensating differential is not required.
Expectancy‐Value and Selective Exposure as Determinants of Attitudes Toward a Nuclear Power Plant1

The expectancy-value model was examined in the context of a nuclear power plant siting controversy in an attempt to verify a relationship between attitudes toward an object (a nuclear power plant) and beliefs held with rcgard to the object in question. A set of beliefs about the attributes of the object and the evaluation of those attributes believed to be linked to that object were jointly conceptualized as the overall utility perception (including both benefit and cost perccptions) associated with the attitude object from a more general framework. A significant relationship between the overall utility perception and the overall evaluation of the power station was found in a random sample drawn from the population of northern Indiana residents living within 30 miles of a proposed nuclear power station construction site. In addition, the positions of different subgroups were found to be closely linked to their differential benefit and cost perceptions. The effect of selective exposure on attitude formation was also noted in the comparisons of the importance and the number of beliefs held by different groups.
Wave-particle duality? not in optical computing

Metaphysics has only one absolute requirement: It must account for the known physics. But many metaphysics account for light and they cannot all be right. We have only one metaphysical principle that is widely accepted (Einstein's minimum simplicity rule) and it gives no one answer. Even if we could enforce it, how would we prove its validity without a (meta) 3 principle? People like me who work with light are never confused about whether we are dealing with a particle or a wave. I find it useful to view light in terms even broader than the usual wave-particle description. I add a third kind of wave that is not measurable but also not restricted by the physics of the measurable. I find it difficult to account for light any other way.
Attenuation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy response in gold-platinum core-shell nanoparticles

Colloidal gold particles (11.2 nm) were coated with platinum overlayers, resulting in bimetallic particles with 1–8 mol% Pt. These particles were characterized using electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and electrochemistry confirming the Au–Pt core-shell structure. The UV–visible spectra showed only minimal red shifts with increasing Pt content. The Raman spectra, on the other hand, changed dramatically with slight increases in Pt, resulting in a loss of appreciable surface-enhancement effects by 4 mol% Pt. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspectivas sobre la utilización de las modalidades de imagen de estrés en la valoración inicial de la cardiopatía isquémica

Existe una variedad de pruebas no invasivas a disposicion de los clinicos para ser utilizadas en la valoracion del enfermo con sospecha de cardiopatia isquemica, ya sea por presentar dolor toracico, por otros antecedentes clinicos o por una combinacion de estos. A pesar de que, en general, todas las pruebas contribuyen de forma variada a refinar (afirmar o rechazar) el diagnostico de un enfermo en particular, no hay duda de que existen diferencias importantes entre las diversas pruebas con respecto a su alcance y su certeza diagnostica en general, y mas aun en algunos grupos de enfermos en particular. Por esto, y por las obvias implicaciones economicas, el tema merece un repaso critico antes de utilizar, en el manejo clinico del enfermo, la informacion que se obtenga de estas pruebas. Esta revision no pretende abarcar todos los aspectos a favor y en contra de todas las pruebas no invasivas de la cardiopatia isquemica que estan disponibles en el momento, sino quiza poner en perspectiva la importancia de la valoracion clinica del enfermo a la luz de los resultados de las pruebas, para asi obtener una idea mas logica de su valor. A riesgo de pecar por exclusion, tecnicas excelentes como la resonancia magnetica no van a ser objeto de repaso en esta ocasion solo porque no han sido inlcuidas hasta ahora en metaanalisis para este proposito. El enfasis en el razonamiento o paradigma bayesiano y la discusion de ensayos recientes de metaanalisis al respecto ofrecen una perspectiva equilibrada sobre el uso y posible uso indebido de estas pruebas diagnosticas, con implicaciones clinicas y economicas. Palabras clave: Pruebas de esfuerzo. Imagenes en cardiologia. Paradigma bayesano.
Calculations of 2p lifetimes in the Li sequence.

Lifetime predictions for the 2{ital p} {sup 2}{ital P}{sub 1/2} and 2{ital p} {sup 2}{ital P}{sub 3/2} levels in the lithium isoelectronic sequence have been computed for atomic numbers {ital Z}=3--92 using the semiempirical Coulomb approximation with a Hartree-Slater core. This extends our earlier studies of the sodium and copper sequences, and the results agree well with critically selected experimental lifetime measurements. The calculations involve the inclusion of experimental energy level, ionization potential, and core-polarizability data, and we also report here a comprehensive and reliable data base developed through semiempirical parametrizations of spectroscopic measurements and {ital ab} {ital initio} calculations.
Comparison of ultrashort-lived iridium-191m with technetium-99m for first pass radionuclide angiocardiographic evaluation of right and left ventricular function in adults.

Ultrashort-lived iridium-191m (Ir-191m, physical halflife = 5.0 seconds) has been used in angiocardiography, primarily in pediatric patients. A theoretical obstacle to more widespread use of Ir-191m is the belief that its physical half-life is too short to permit evaluation of left ventricular function in adult patients. To evaluate its usefulness in adults, first pass ejection fractions of the left and right ventricles determined with use of Ir-191m and technetium-99m (Tc-99m) were compared in 33 adult patients. An osmium-191m 薔 iridium-191m (Os-191 薔 Ir-191m) generator was employed to deliver doses of 150 to 250 mCi (5.5 to 9.2 GBq) of Ir-191m for intravenous injection. The whole body radiation absorbed dose with Ir-191m was 15 to 25 mrad. High quality angiocardiograms were obtained with both Tc-99m and Ir-191m. Total counts per image for the right ventricle were 51,000 ± 8,000 (mean ± SD) for Jr-191m and 30,000 ± 8,000 for Tc-99m. The left ventricular counts were comparable for both radiotracers (25,000 ± 7,000 for Ir-191m and 25,000 ± 8,000 for Tc-99m). Right ventricular ejection fractions were similar: 44 ± 8% for Ir-191m and 47 ± 9% for Tc99m. The correlation coefficient was 0.93 with a standard deviation of the regression of 3.1 % ejection fraction units. The left ventricular ejection fractions were also similar: 45 ± 14% for Ir-191m and 46 ± 13% for Tc99m. The left ventricular ejection fraction correlation coefficient was 0.96 with a standard deviation of the regression of 3.7%. It is concluded that adequate Ir-191m first pass angiocardiograms are possible in adult patients, and that measurements of right and left ventricular ejection fractions obtained by first pass studies with Tc-99m and Ir191m are similar.
Program UR: General purpose code for synchrotron radiation calculations

Abstract A computer code for calculating synchrotron radiation emitted by a relativistic particle moving in an arbitrary three-dimensional magnetic field is described. The electric and magnetic fields (Lienard-Wiechert fields) are calculated in the time domain, and a Fourier transform of the radiation field yields the radiation spectrum over a large range of harmonic frequencies. The code is completely general accepting either a measured magnetic field map or a simulated field representing, for example, a tapered undulator. Simple expressions are derived for the fields and the equations of motion using the transverse beam angles as variables. The horizontal and vertical polarized components are expanded to second order in the beam angles, the observation angles, and the opening angle of radiation (1/γ), and the three-dimensional equations of motion are solved numerically at each time step, making the code fast and reliable. The beam emittance and the beam energy spread are simulated by either Monte Carlo sampling or deterministic sampling. Comparison with two other codes will be presented. Good agreement was found in both cases. As a practical example, we examined the effect of random magnetic field errors on the on-axis angular flux density for Undulator A at the Advanced Photon Source. It was confirmed that random magnetic field errors play an important role when predicting the spectral performance of real-life insertion devices.
A STUDY OF TWO ALTERNATE TANGENT MODULUS FORMULATIONS AND ATTENDANT IMPLICIT ALGORITHMS FOR CREEP AS WELL AS HIGH-STRAIN-RATE PLASTICITY*

Abstract Two alternate tangent modulus formulations based on the use of material characteristics expressed as υp = g( ϵ υp , σ ) and σ = h ( ϵ υp υp ) , respectively, are prese for the analysis of material response under conditions such as high temperature creep and high strainrate dynamic plasticity. In each formulation, implicit algorithms of generalized midpoint radial mapping are presented to compute stress histories at a material point. Several examples to illustrate the stability, accuracy, and convergence of the presented computational methodologies are included. In each instance, the two alternate tangent modulus approaches lead to results of comparable accuracy and compare excellently with each other as well as other available independent solutions.
Nonlinear Dielectric Properties of (Ba 0.60 , Sr 0.40 )TiO 3 Thin Films with Anisotropic Epitaxy

Nonlinear dielectric response of (Ba 0.60 Sr 0.40 )TiO 3 epitaxial films on ≪100≫ and ≪110≫-oriented NdGaO 3 substrates were investigated as a function of film thickness. The second, fourth and sixth order permittivities were determined at 10 GHz and at room temperature from which the so-called critical field for maximum tunability was computed using a thermodynamic formalism recently developed by the authors along the principal residual misfit strain directions. It is shown that the critical field is anisotropic in the plane of the film and its magnitudes are governed by the film thickness.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between silver(III) and thiourea in aqueous alkaline media

Abstract The tetrahydroxoargentate(III) ion, Ag(OH) 4 − , is rapidly reduced by thiourea (tu) in accordance with the three term rate law rate = { k 1 +( k 2 + k 3 [OH − ])[tu]}[Ag III ] where k 1 = 1.08 s −1 , k 2 = 1.46 x 10 3 M −1 s −1 , and k 3 = 2.02 x 10 3 M −2 s −1 . The k 1 path occurs via the rate-determining aquation of Ag(OH) 4 − while the other two paths involve axial attack of thiourea on silver. The higher values of k 2 and k 3 compared to the ethylenediamine reaction, which obeys the same rate law, is a reflection of the greater nucleophilicity of tu. Following the redox reaction, solutions become brown in a reaction that obeys pseudo-first-order kinetics. Similar behaviour is observed when tu is replaced by Na 2 S or thio-acetamide and when Ag I reacts with any of these sulphur containing compounds. We attribute this process to the Ag I promoted formation of sulphide species which eventually precipitate as Ag 2 S.
Problems of colleagueship for women entering the medical profession

Women students enrolled in two southern medical schools in 1975–1976 were found to be just as likely as their male peers to hold an unfavorable attitude toward other women medical students or to be unsure about how they felt. Although one medical school had organized a support group for women, 37% of the women students were reluctant to associate with the group. More positive relationships between women students and male peers may follow an increase in the percentage of women medical students, but positive relationships among women students themselves may depend on the latter's ability to successfully resolve sex-role identity concerns.
The effect of nutrient-based standards on competitive foods in 3 schools: potential savings in kilocalories and grams of fat.

BACKGROUND: The study investigated how nutrient standards affected the number of kilocalories and grams of fat and saturated fat in competitive foods offered and sold in 3 high schools. METHODS: The study is a quasi-experimental design with 3 schools serving as the units of assignment and analysis. The effect of the nutrient standards was measured by the change in kilocalories and grams of fat and saturated fat in offerings and purchases of competitive foods pre- and postimplementation of the standards. A paired sample t-test was used to compare kilocalories and grams of fat and saturated fat pre- and postimplementation of nutrition standards. RESULTS: After the implementation of the nutrition standards, students in 3 high schools purchased significantly smaller numbers of kilocalories and grams of fat and saturated fat, during the postpolicy school year of 2007-2008 than during the prepolicy school year of 2004-2005. CONCLUSION: Using nutrient standards to guide the selection of competitive foods offered in school cafeterias may positively affect intake of kilocalories, total grams of fat, and total saturated fat of those foods. The quantitative assessment is novel and demonstrates the reduction in kilocalories and fat in both the competitive food offerings and purchases as a result of nutrient standards.
Energy- and Electron-Transfer Quenching of Porphyrin Triplets by C601

Energy- and electron-transfer from porphyrins in the triplet excited state to C60 in toluene and benzonitrile has been studied with Fourier transform EPR (FT-EPR). Pulsed-laser excitation of the systems magnesium tetraphenylporphyrin (MgTPP)/C60 and free-base octaethylporphyrin (OEP)/C60 in toluene gives rise to a resonance peak from C60 triplets (3C60) generated primarily by the energy-transfer process 3MgTPP (3OEP) + C60 → MgTPP (OEP) + 3C60 as evident from the emissive spin polarization of the 3C60 signal observed at early times. No FT-EPR signals from redox products could be detected. In benzonitrile, triplet energy transfer from 3MgTPP or 3OEP to C60 is a minor process. In this polar solvent photoexcitation of MgTPP/C60 produces FT-EPR spectra with signal contributions from MgTPP+ and C60- in addition to the 3C60 resonance. From the spin polarization and time profile of the signal from the anion radical, it can be deduced that the primary route of electron transfer is oxidative quenching of the porph...
Glucose transporter recycling in response to insulin is facilitated by myosin Myo1c

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle and adipocytes by signalling the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters from intracellular membranes to the cell surface. The translocation of GLUT4 may involve signalling pathways that are both independent of and dependent on phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K). This translocation also requires the actin cytoskeleton, and the rapid movement of GLUT4 along linear tracks may be mediated by molecular motors. Here we report that the unconventional myosin Myo1c is present in GLUT4-containing vesicles purified from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Myo1c, which contains a motor domain, three IQ motifs and a carboxy-terminal cargo domain, is highly expressed in primary and cultured adipocytes. Insulin enhances the localization of Myo1c with GLUT4 in cortical tubulovesicular structures associated with actin filaments, and this colocalization is insensitive to wortmannin. Insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the adipocyte plasma membrane is augmented by the expression of wild-type Myo1c and inhibited by a dominant-negative cargo domain of Myo1c. A decrease in the expression of endogenous Myo1c mediated by small interfering RNAs inhibits insulin-stimulated uptake of 2-deoxyglucose. Thus, myosin Myo1c functions in a PI(3)K-independent insulin signalling pathway that controls the movement of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane.
Photoemission study of hydrogen adsorption on vanadium dioxide near the semiconductor-metal phase transition.

The valence-band ultraviolet photoemission spectrum of ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ has been studied above and below the semiconductor-metal phase-transition temperature (\ensuremath{\approxeq}340 K) as a function of exposure to hydrogen. Evidence is found for a partial reduction of the surface, leading to formation of adsorbed OH and an increase in the V 3d-electron density. The adsorbed hydrogen appears to impede the phase transition within the photoemission sampling depth. A model for this effect is suggested, based on an increased V-O \ensuremath{\pi}-bonding interaction.
Effects of estradiol on incorporation of new cells in the developing zebra finch song system: potential relationship to expression of ribosomal proteins L17 and L37.

Mechanisms regulating masculinization of the zebra finch song system are unclear; both estradiol and sex-specific genes may be important. This study was designed to investigate relationships between estrogen and ribosomal proteins (RPL17 and RPL37; sex-linked genes) that exhibit greater expression in song control nuclei in juvenile males than females. Four studies on zebra finches were conducted using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections on posthatching days 6-10 with immunohistochemistry for the ribosomal proteins and the neuronal marker HuC/D at day 25. Volumes of brain regions were also assessed in Nissl-stained tissue. Most BrdU+ cells expressed RPL17 and RPL37. The density and percentage of cells co-expressing BrdU and HuC/D was greatest in Area X. The density of BrdU+ cells in Area X (or its equivalent) and the percentage of these cells that were neurons were greater in males than females. In RA and HVC, total BrdU+ cells were increased in males. A variety of effects of estradiol were also detected, including inducing an Area X in females with a masculine total number of BrdU+ cells, and increasing the volume and percentage of new neurons in the HVC of females. The same manipulation in males decreased the density of BrdU+ cells in Area X, total number of BrdU+ cells in RA, and density of new neurons in HVC and RA. These data are consistent with the ideas that RPL17, RPL37, and estradiol might all influence sexual differentiation, perhaps with the hormone and proteins interacting, such that an appropriate balance is required for normal development.
On the plastic asymmetry in iron crystals

Abstract Microstrain measurements have been made on specially oriented crystals of hydrogen-purified iron in the range 78°K to 300°K. Determination of the elastic limit σE and the stress to give a plastic strain rate of 10−5 sec−1 at 78°K under conditions such that virtually all plasticity is due to edge dislocation motion has demonstrated the absence of plastic asymmetry, or the tendency for slip to be easy in the twinning sense and difficult in the antitwinning sense. The expected asymmetry is found only under conditions where screw dislocations are mobile. This gives direct experimental confirmation of the previously-held hypothesis that plastic asymmetry is the result of the behavior of screw dislocations.