cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EMISSION CORRECTIONS FOR HYDROGEN FEATURES OF THE GRAVES ET AL. SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY AVERAGES OF EARLY-TYPE, NON-LINER GALAXIES

For purposes of recovering correct absorption line strengths for stellar population analysis, emission corrections for Balmer series indices on the Lick index system in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) stacked quiescent galaxy spectra are derived as a function of the Mg b index strength. These corrections are obtained by comparing the observed Lick index measurements of the SDSS composite spectra with new observed measurements of 13 Virgo Cluster galaxies, and checked with model grids. From the Hα-Mg b diagram, a linear correction for the observed measurement is constructed using best-fit trend lines. Corrections for Hβ, Hγ, and Hδ are constructed using stellar population models to predict continuum shape changes as a function of Mg b plus Balmer series emission intensities typical of H II regions. The corrections themselves are fairly secure, but the interpretation for Hδ and Hγ indices is complicated by the fact that the Hδ and Hγ indices are sensitive to elemental abundances other than hydrogen.
Interaction of gaseous hydrogen chloride and water with sandy soil

Abstract The adsorption of hydrogen chloride and water vapor on sandy soil has been studied. Characterization of the soil was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution, neutron activation analysis, BET nitrogen surface area measurements, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Water vapor and hydrogen chloride adsorption isotherms at 30°C were measured on soil after outgassing at 100°C. The heats of immersion of the soil outgassed at 100°C were determined in both water and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution to complement the vapor-phase measurements. ESCA spectra of soil were obtained before and after exposure to hydrogen chloride. The results are compared with similar measurements on a-quartz. The acidity of soil slurries was measured as a function of time on addition of HCl(aq) to various size fractions. Implications regarding possible roles of sandy soil entrained in solid rocket exhaust clouds are discussed.
Resolution of uranium isotopes with kinetic phosphorescence analysis

This study was conducted to test the ability of the Chemchek™ Kinetic Phosphorescence Analyzer Model KPA-11 with an auto-sampler to resolve the difference in phosphorescent decay rates of several different uranium isotopes, and therefore identify the uranium isotope ratios present in a sample. Kinetic phosphorescence analysis (KPA) is a technique that provides rapid, accurate, and precise determination of uranium concentration in aqueous solutions. Utilizing a pulsed-laser source to excite an aqueous solution of uranium, this technique measures the phosphorescent emission intensity over time to determine the phosphorescence decay profile. The phosphorescence intensity at the onset of decay is proportional to the uranium concentration in the sample. Calibration with uranium standards results in the accurate determination of actual concentration of the sample. Different isotopes of uranium, however, have unique properties which should result in different phosphorescence decay rates seen via KPA. Results show that a KPA is capable of resolving uranium isotopes.
A Tale of Two Counties: Expanding Health Insurance Coverage for Children in California

During difficult economic times, many California counties have expanded health insurance coverage for low-income children. These Children's Health Initiatives (CHIs) enroll children in public programs and provide new health insurance, Healthy Kids, for those ineligible for existing programs. This article describes the policy issues in implementing the Santa Clara and San Mateo County CHIs, as well as the children's enrollment levels and utilization of services. These CHIs are among the first of the thirty California counties planning or implementing such initiatives. Their success depends on leadership from county agencies that have not traditionally worked closely together, as well as the development of a diverse public and private funding base. This effort to provide universal coverage for all children is important to national policymakers desiring similar goals.
Ethanol fermentation with a flocculating yeast

Abstract A 100 cm × 5.7 cm internal diameter tower fermentor was fabricated and operated continuously for 11 months using the flocforming yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (American Type Culture Collection 4097). Steady state operation of the system was characterized at 32 °C and pH 4.0 for glucose concentrations ranging from 105 to 215 g l−1. The height of the yeast bed in the tower was maintained at 80 cm. The high yeast density, ethanol concentration and low pH prevented bacterial contamination in the reactor. The concentration profiles of glucose and ethanol within the bed were described by a dispersion model. Modeling parameters were determined for the yeast by batch kinetics and tracer experiments. The kinetic model included ethanol inhibition and substrate limitation. A tracer study with step input of d -xylose (a non-metabolizable sugar for S. cerevisiae) determined the dispersion number (D/uL = 0.16) and liquid voidage (ϵ l = 0.25). Measurements taken after 6 months of continuous operation indicated that there was no significant change in fermentor performance.
Communication with feeling: Emotion, publicness, and embodiment

AN EMOTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. Edited by Peter Stearns and Jan Lewis. New York & London: New York University Press, 1998; pp. 476. $22.50. ANOTHER SELF: MIDDLE CLASS AMERICAN WOMEN AND THEIR FRIENDS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. By Linda W. Rosenzweig. New York & London: New York University Press, 1999; pp. 225. $35.00. BATTLEGROUND OF DESIRE: THE STRUGGLE FOR SELF CONTROL IN MODERN AMERICA. By Peter Stearns. New York & London: New York University Press, 1999; pp. 434. $28.95. CRYING: THE NATURAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF TEARS. By Tom Lutz. New York & London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999; pp. 352. $25.95. EMOTIONS IN SOCIAL LIFE: CRITICAL THEMES AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES. Edited by Gillian Bendelow and Simon J. Williams. London & New York: Routledge, 1998; pp. 336. $29.99.
Milk neutrophil phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus as determined by fluorescent microscopy.

Summary Milk neutrophil function was assessed by fluorescent microscopy. Milk neutrophils from 10 cows were incubated with S. aureus for 30 min. The incubation mixture was split and 1 part treated with lysostaphin for 30 min, and Wright's stain smears prepared. The second part was mixed with acridine orange, then crystal violet, and wet mounts were prepared. Wright's stained smears were microscopically examined under ordinary light, wet mounts under UV light. The percentage of neutrophils phagocytozing, and the number of cocci per neutrophil were 38.8 ± 3.1 and 39.6 ± 2.4; 5.3 ± 0.3 and 4.4 ± 0.6; for Wright's stained smears and wet mounts, respectively. Differences in the method of staining did result in significant differences in the assessment of neutrophil function. Results indicate that acridine orange and crystal violet staining of milk neutrophils which have been allowed to phagocytoze bacteria and are then examined by fluorescent microscopy, is a valid technique to determine phagocyte function. Zusammenfassung Fluoreszenzmikroskopischer Nachweis der Phagozytoseaktivitat von neutrophilen Granulozyten aus der Milch gegenuber Staphylococcus aureus Die vorliegende Arbeit befaste sich mit der Bestimmung der Aktivitat neutrophiler Granulozyten in Milch mittels Fluoreszenz-Mikroskopie. Hierzu wurden Neutrophile, die aus der Milch von 10 Kuhen gewonnen wurden, 30 Minuten mit Staphylococcus aureus inkubiert. Nach Teilung des Ansatzes wurde die eine Halfte nach der Methode von Wright gefarbt. Der zweiten Halfte der inkubierten Suspension wurde erst Acridinorange, dann Kristallviolett zugegeben. Hiervon wurden Nativpraparate angefertigt. Die nach Wright gefarbten Ausstriche wurden lichtmikroskopisch, die Nativpraparate unter UV-Licht beurteilt. Es ergaben sich fur die Ausstriche nach Wright 38,8% (± 3,1) phagozytierende Neutrophile bei 5,3 (± 0,3) Kokken pro Zelle. Fur die gefarbten Nativpraparate ergaben sich entsprechend 39,6% (± 2,4) bei 4,4 (± 0,6) Keimen pro Granulozyten. Die Unterschiede in der Farbungsmethode bewirkten signifikante Unterschiede bei der Bestimmung der Neutrophilen-Aktivitat. Die Farbung von mit Bakterien inkubierten Neutrophilen mit Acridinorange und Kristallviolett und deren Beurteilung im Fluoreszenz-Mikroskop erwies sich als geeignete Methode fur die Bestimmung der Neutrophilen-Aktivitat in Milch.
Distinct abnormalities of the primate prefrontal cortex caused by ionizing radiation in early or midgestation.

Prenatal exposure of the brain to environmental insult causes different neurological symptoms and behavioral outcomes depending on the time of exposure. To examine the cellular bases for these differences, we exposed Rhesus macaque fetuses to x-rays during early gestation (E30–E42), i.e., before the onset of corticogenesis, or in midgestation (E70–E81) when superficial cortical layers are generated. Animals were delivered at term (~E165), and the size and cellular composition of prefrontal association cortex (area 46) examined in adults, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and stereologic analysis. Both early and midgestational radiation exposure diminished the surface area and volume of area 46. However, early exposure spared cortical thickness and did not alter laminar composition, and due to higher cell density, neuron number was within the normal range. In contrast, exposure to x-rays at midgestation reduced cortical thickness, mainly due to elimination of neurons destined for the superficial layers. A cell-sparse gap, observed within layer III, was not filled by the later generated neurons destined for layer II, indicating that there is no subsequent replacement of the lost neurons. The distinct areal and laminar pathology consequent to temporally segregated irradiation is consistent with basic postulates of the radial unit hypothesis of cortical development. In addition, we show that an environmental disturbance inflicted in early gestation can induce subtle cytoarchitectonic alterations without loss of neurons, such as those observed in schizophrenia, whereas midgestational exposure causes selective elimination of neurons and cortical thinning as observed in some forms of mental retardation and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Why the Schools Can't Improve: The Upper Limit Hypothesis.

The first purpose of this paper is to question whether there is a significant discrepancy between the current levels of productivity and quality of American schools and the levels required to serve the society well. The second purpose questions whether the current approach, or the approaches of blue ribbon commissions are likely to produce significant improvements. A third purpose sets forth the hypothesis that the current school operations model cannot be improved by the recommendations offered by the National Commission. The fourth purpose is to suggest that some form of technological intervention must be made before
Biventricular paced QRS predictors of left ventricular lead locations in relation to mortality in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Abstract Background Left ventricular (LV) lead location during cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has influenced mortality and heart failure events; however the biventricular paced QRS morphology has not been established as a predictor of LV lead location or mortality. Methods We evaluated the biventricular paced QRS morphology in 306 patients undergoing CRT in relation to specific anatomic locations. A logistic regression model and Kaplan–Meier survival estimates were used to determine predictors of LV lead location and survival. Results The mean age was 68 ± 13 years. Predictors of LV lead location from anterior, lateral, and posterior segments were: absence of R in V1, QS in aVL; and R in aVL, respectively. Absence of an R in II, III, or aVF predicted an inferior site. A QS in V4–V6 differentiated apical from basal sites (p = 0.01). LV pacing from sites along the middle cardiac vein revealed a higher mortality (34%), than lateral sites (20%, p = 0.02). Conclusions Biventricular paced QRS criteria were predictive of LV lead locations. The proposed algorithm enhanced the predictive accuracy of these criteria. LV pacing sites along the middle cardiac vein were associated with increased mortality.
Natural Convection Fin Performance Using Fractal-Like Geometries

Fractal geometries are shown to increase surface area significantly with patterns such as the Sierpinski carpet providing the potential for mass reduction. Two fractal geometries were used in this study, the modified Koch snowflakeandtheSierpinskicarpet.Thisstudyexamines finperformanceforthebaselinecases(atriangular finand a square fin) relative to the first three fractal iterations for both geometries. Constant heat rate conditions were applied to the base of the fins, and the temperature distribution across the fins was observed using an infrared camera. Fin effectiveness and fi ne f ficiency were calculated for each fin geometry to quantify the effects of using fractal geometries to improve fin performance. Based on the observed results, fractal geometries can be used to improve fin performance, particularly when the decrease in fin mass is a performance criteria. As fins are used for passive thermal management in many industrial and electronic devices, the use of fractal-like geometries has wide reaching potential. Nomenclature A = area, m 2 C = constant d = constant h = heat transfer coefficient, W=m 2 -K k = thermal conductivity, W=m-K m = mass, kg Nu = Nusselt number, hw=k n = iteration index Q = heat rate, W T = temperature, K t = fin thickness, m w = fin base length, m � = width/thickness ratio � T = average fin to ambient temperature difference, K � = fin effectiveness " = emissivity � = fi ne fficiency
The neuronal architecture of the cochlear nucleus of the cat.

A detailed parcellation of the entire cochlear nucleus of the cat was prepared with the Nissl and Protargol methods in the form of a cytoarchitectonic atlas. Neuronal cell types were characterized in rapid Golgi impregnations. Golgi impregnations were used to define the specific features of the mature neuronal types. Neurons from the Golgi preparations were systematically mapped according to type and location in serial sections. These neurons were then plotted in corresponding positions in the cytoarchitectonic atlas. This combined Golgi-Nissl approach provides a scheme in which neuronal types, defined in terms of a number of functionally significant features, can be precisely localized within the cochlear nucleus.
Floer homology for almost Hamiltonian isotopies

Seidel introduced a homomorphism from the fundamental group π1(Ham(M)) of the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of certain compact symplectic manifolds (M,ω) to a quotient of the automorphism group Aut(HF∗(M,ω)) of the Floer homology HF∗(M,ω). We prove a rigidity property: if two Hamiltonian loops represent the same element in π1(Diff(M)), then the image under the Seidel homomorphism of their classes in π1(Ham(M)) coincide. The proof consists in showing that Floer homology can be defined by using ‘almost Hamiltonian’ isotopies, i.e. isotopies that are homotopic relatively to endpoints to Hamiltonian isotopies. To cite this article: A. Banyaga, C. Saunders, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 342 (2006).
Suspended culture of oysters: Biological fouling control☆

Abstract Inadvertent entrapment of a rock crab Cancer irroratus in a tray of overwintering yearling European oysters resulted in a near-complete absence of fouling and siltation whereas all companion trays were heavily fouled with mussels and a deep silt layer. A controlled experiment confirmed that crabs of various sizes fed selectively on mussels. The use of crabs in fouling control would appear to have high potential in molluscan culture systems employing enclosed spaces.
Impact of pulse thermal processing on the properties of inkjet printed metal and flexible sensors

In this paper, we report on the low temperature processing of environmental sensors employing pulse thermal processing (PTP) technique to define a path toward flexible sensor technology on plastic, paper, and fabric substrates. Inkjet printing and pulse thermal processing technique were used to realize mask-less, additive integration of low-cost sensors on polymeric substrates with specific focus on temperature, humidity, and strain sensors. The printed metal line performance was evaluated in terms of the electrical conductivity characteristics as a function of post-deposition thermal processing conditions. The PTP processed Ag metal lines exhibited high conductivity with metal sheet resistance values below 100 mΩ/{whitesquare} using a pulse width as short as 250 μs. The flexible temperature and relative humidity sensors were defined on flexible polyimide substrates by direct printing of Ag metal structures. The printed resistive temperature sensor and capacitive humidity sensor were characterized for their sensitivity with focus on future smart-building applications. Strain gauges were printed on polyimide substrate to determine the mechanical properties of the silver nanoparticle films. Finally, the observed electrical properties of the printed metal lines and the sensitivity of the flexible sensors show promise for the realization of a high performance print-on-demand technology exploiting low thermal-budget PTP technique.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Experimental Infection of Laboratory Animals

Experimlental Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections were established in five species of small laboratory animals (rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, and rats) after subcutaneolusly implanted chambers were inioculated with gonococci. The chamber fluid was easily available for study or culture. A systemic immune response was indicated by hemnagglutination assay.
A permutation test of association between configurations by means of the rv coefficient

The RV coefficient is known to be suitable for measuring association between homologous configurations. The randomness of such association can be tested by permutational significance. In order to approximate the p-value, we derive the first two moments of the population permutation distribution of the RV coefficient. The permutational distributions of the RV coefficients are explored through several examples. Their permutation distributions appear to be markedly skewed to the right, regardless of the magnitudes of the observed RV coefficients herein. Log-transformation of the first two moments is suggested for a better approximation to the permutational p-value.
Robots + Agents for MOOCs: What if Scott Klemmer were a Robot?

Online course lectures often consist of presentation slides with an inset "talking-head" video of the instructor. As the time and financial costs associated with producing these lectures are often high, employing a robot or a digital agent in lieu of an instructor could radically decrease the time and costs required. This video submission describes an initial study in which agent-based alternatives to a "talking-head" video are assessed. University students who viewed a lecture with a robot had similar recall scores but significantly lower ratings for likeability than those who viewed a lecture with a person, perhaps because the robot's voice was a negative social cue. Preliminary results suggest that appropriately designed agents may be useful for online lectures.
Home food environment in relation to children’s diet quality and weight status

Abstract The objective of this cohort study was to explore relationships among the home food environment (HFE), child/parent characteristics, diet quality, and measured weight status among 699 child-parent pairs from King County, WA, and San Diego County, CA. HFE variables included parenting style/feeding practices, food rules, frequency of eating out, home food availability, and parents' perceptions of food costs. Child dietary intake was measured by 3-day recall and diet quality indicators included fruits and vegetables, sweet/savory snacks, high-calorie beverages, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. Individual linear regression models were run in which child BMI z score and child diet quality indicators were dependent variables and HFE variables and child/parent characteristics were independent variables of interest. Fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with parental encouragement/modeling (β=.68, P P P P P P P P P z score was positively associated with parent's use of food restriction (0.21, P P P P P
Categorization of Work Zone Intrusion Crashes

Vehicle intrusion crashes in highway work zones injure vehicle occupants and workers alike, and such crashes are the concern of both state agencies and highway contractors. This paper describes the results of an effort to develop prototypical scenarios of common work zone intrusion crashes documented in the New York State Department of Transportation work zone accident database. A prototypical scenario can be defined as one that is representative of the crash process because of the typicality of its chain of events and the likely causal relationships throughout the stages of the crash. By considering the chain of events that led to a particular crash, it is possible to group similar crashes and provide a more in-depth assessment, even though some of the facts involved in the individual crashes vary. In the study described here, prototypical scenarios were developed for four intrusion crashes at four types of work zone operations: lane closures, flagging operations, mobile operations, and traffic control s...
Changing trends in esophageal cancer: a 15-year experience in a single center

Abstract Objective: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing in white men. We sought to identify trends in esophageal cancer in different patient groups in our region. Methods: We reviewed the records of all patients with esophageal cancer seen at two hospitals in Columbia, SC between 1981 and 1995. Patients were divided into three cohorts (1981–1985, 1986–1990, and 1991–1995). Demographic data, histological type, tumor stage, grade, and survival were recorded. Results: Histology was available in 371 of 386 patients (cohort 1, 113 patients; cohort 2, 144; and cohort 3, 114). Adenocarcinoma accounted for 24%, 27%, and 49% of esophageal cancer in white men in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively ( p = 0.03). Corresponding figures for African-Americans were 10%, 7%, and 3% ( p = 0.22). Women comprised 8%, 14%, and 22% of patients with squamous carcinoma in the three cohorts ( p = 0.03). Median survival for esophageal cancer was 6.0, 6.8, and 10.4 mo in cohorts 1, 2, and 3 ( p = 0.0002). Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma is increasing in whites. Squamous carcinoma remains the predominant type in this region, seen mainly in African-Americans. Esophageal squamous carcinoma is increasing in women. The mean age at diagnosis of squamous carcinoma has decreased in whites. There is a trend toward improved survival in patients with esophageal cancer.
The Clinical Presentation of Elder Neglect: What We Know and What We Can Do

Elder neglect (EN), one of the most prevalent forms of elder mistreatment, has clear mental health implications that may play a crucial role in the detection and intervention of EN. Increased awareness of the clinical and psychological manifestations of EN, as well as understanding recommended assessment and interventional strategies, may help psychiatric nurses who may be on the frontline of EN identification prevent the escalation of neglect into more severe cases of elder abuse.
Connecting Neuroscientific Discoveries with the Value of a Higher Education Degree.

Marilee J. Bresciani argues that demands for accountability can outstrip current science's ability to prove how education affects the brain.
The atomic oxygen 1304 Å emission produced through photodissociation of CO and CO2

Abstract Atomic oxygen fluorescence radiation at 1304 A has been produced in the photoabsorption of extreme UV radiation by CO and CO 2 molecules. Absolute fluorescence production cross sections have been measured from threshold to 420 A (29.5 eV). The maximum cross section ≈ 1.7 × 10 −19 cm 2 at 572 A for CO and ≈ 1.6 × 10 −20 cm 2 at 718 A for CO 2 .
COHCAP: an integrative genomic pipeline for single-nucleotide resolution DNA methylation analysis

COHCAP (City of Hope CpG Island Analysis Pipeline) is an algorithm to analyze single-nucleotide resolution DNA methylation data produced by either an Illumina methylation array or targeted bisulfite sequencing. The goal of the COHCAP algorithm is to identify CpG islands that show a consistent pattern of methylation among CpG sites. COHCAP is currently the only DNA methylation package that provides integration with gene expression data to identify a subset of CpG islands that are most likely to regulate downstream gene expression, and it can generate lists of differentially methylated CpG islands with ∼50% concordance with gene expression from both cell line data and heterogeneous patient data. For example, this article describes known breast cancer biomarkers (such as estrogen receptor) with a negative correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression. COHCAP also provides visualization for quality control metrics, regions of differential methylation and correlation between methylation and gene expression. This software is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/cohcap/.
More on the umbral calculus, with emphasis on the q-umbral calculus

Abstract The interrelationship between distinct umbral calculi is studied. These ideas are applied in particular to q -umbral calculus, which shows how Andrews' q -theory relates to the q -theory discussed in the previous paper by the author. The q -Hermite polynomials and basic hypergeometric series are briefly discussed.
Duarte galactosemia: how sweet is it?

The pathologic consequences of various inborn errors of metabolism in the conversion of dietary and endogenously produced galactose through the Leloir pathway have recently been reviewed (1)(2). In this issue of the Journal, Ficicioglu and colleagues (3) report that children (ages 1–6 years) who have Duarte galactosemia (DG),1 a variant form of galactosemia, and are on a standard diet have typical concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) galactose 1-phosphate but increased concentrations of other galactose metabolites. The increased concentrations of galactose metabolites in these patients correlated with their dietary intake of galactose but not with any observable developmental or clinical pathology at this young age. Why is this observation important? For more than 30 years in the US and many industrialized countries, most newborns have been routinely screened within 48 h after birth for classic galactosemia, along with multiple other genetic disorders, with a filter paper card containing a sample of dried blood (4). The primary purpose of the screen has been to detect newborns with classic galactosemia before they rapidly become symptomatic (severe liver failure, coagulopathy, sepsis, and death). If a screening result is consistent with classic galactosemia, the newborn is immediately switched from either breast milk or a cow’s milk formula to a galactose-restricted formula. If the diagnosis of classic galactosemia is confirmed by enzymatic and/or molecular testing, the affected child must maintain a lifelong diet that is severely restricted in galactose. Classic galactosemia is caused by the …
Linear discriminant function analysis in neuropsychological research: some uses and abuses.

Summary The present paper addressed the continued misinterpretation and misapplication of linear discriminant function analysis in neuropsychological research. Methodological problems concerning the influence of shrinkage and stepwise selection procedures on LDFa are virtually ignored and affect both the classification and inferential application of LDFa. Throughout the paper examples of potential abuses of LDFa were cited and data from a familiar research problem was employed to demonstrate procedures which enable more accurate interpretation of LDFa results. Linear discriminant function analysis and its multivariate equivalents are powerful and flexible tools for exploring group differences provided appropriate applications and interpretations of results are made.
Reproductive biology of invasive lionfish (Pterois spp.)

Indo-Pacific lionfishes, Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828), native to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, respectively, were first observed in the western Atlantic off Florida in 1985. They have since spread and are established throughout the broader Caribbean region. Despite potentially devastating ecological and economic effects, information on key life history characteristics for lionfish in the invaded range is sparse. Objectives of this study were to quantify 1) periodicity in gonad development and spawning, 2) spawning frequency, 3) batch fecundity and 4) female size at maturity for fish from Little Cayman. Calculation of gonadosomatic indices, histological and macroscopic staging of gonads, and counts of hydrated oocytes were applied to determine reproductive characteristics. Higher gonadosomatic indices were recorded for females during periods of stable warm or cool water temperatures indicating that extreme temperatures did not constrain reproduction. Histological and macroscopic staging suggested that male and female lionfish were capable of reproducing year-round. However, higher gonadosomatic indices in females, as expected before spawning, were most pronounced in March/April and August. Based on the proportion of females containing hydrated oocytes, mature lionfish had the potential to spawn every 2–3 d. Ovaries of mature females contained 1800–41945 oocytes that were hydrated in preparation for spawning, with greater numbers of oocytes in larger females. Female lionfish matured at 189–190 mm total length. Parameters estimated in this study can improve outputs from population dynamic models, which will help resource managers design removals and other efforts to control invasive lionfish.
Teaching the Nature of Biotechnology Using Service-Learning Instruction.

AbstractA 2-credit service-learning biotechnology course designed as a general education elective for students of all majors and at all levels was offered as an 8-week, half-semester course. The course met for a total of 3 hours of lecture/discussion and 2 hours of service-learning workshop weekly, during which students participated in discussions about peer-reviewed articles, group problem-solving exercises and reflective journal writing. A service-learning project related to biotechnology and addressing the educational or programmatic initiatives of a local non-profit organization and a service-learning portfolio are required elements of the course. The service-learning project required completion of agency brochures or advocacy letters, or participation in the planning and presentation of a community round table discussion on biotechnology-related issues. Based upon comparative analysis of pre- and post-course surveys, students’ knowledge of biotechnological methods and practical applications of biotec...
Psychostimulant and Sensory Stimulation Interventions That Target the Reading and Math Deficits of Students With ADHD

Objective: The purpose of this review of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was to summarize the following: (1) academic deficits in math and reading, (2) possible theore...
The convexity of Bernstein polynomials over triangles

Abstract A necessary and sufficient condition for the convexity of the Bernstein polynomial over the triangle is presented. In particular, it follows that if the n th Bezier net of the function is convex over the triangle, so is the n th Bernstein polynomial.
Ethical challenges in mental health services to children and families

Mental health practitioners working with children and families must attend to several ethical concerns that do not typically come into play with adult clients. The challenges for practitioners usually involve attention to four subsets of concerns that all begin with the letter c: competence, consent, confidentiality, and competing interests. Using the 4-C model, this article focuses on ethical aspects of practitioner competence, consent and assent, confidentiality, and the incongruence of interests that occurs when different people organize and set goals for psychological services. After explicating these issues, I provide recommendations for addressing them in the course of clinical practice.
Insulator Surface and Radio Effects

Because of the rapid extension of police radio systems, and because both electric power lines and police cars occupy the highways, the problem of power line radio influence has acquired an added importance. Insulators coated with dirt, moisture, and hygroscopic salts have been found to cause radio disturbances at voltages much less than those For clean insulators.
Redox-active dinitrodiphenylthioethers against Leishmania: Synthesis, structure–activity relationships and mechanism of action studies

BTB 06237 (2-[(2,4-dichloro-5-methylphenyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-dinitro-5-(trifluoromethyl) benzene), a compound previously identified through QSAR pharmacophore development and a virtual screen of the Maybridge database, possesses potent and selective activity against Leishmania parasites. In the present study, several analogs of BTB 06237 were synthesized and analyzed for activity against Leishmania axenic amastigotes, their ability to reduce the level of parasitemia in peritoneal macrophages, and their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in L. donovani promastigotes. It was found that an aromatic ring must be present in the position occupied by the 2,4-dichloro-5-methylphenyl group in the lead compound, but changing the functional groups generally has little effect on the antileishmanial potency. Alterations to the 1,3-dinitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene ring have more influence on antiparasitic activity with two aromatic nitro groups and a third electron-withdrawing group being required. This structural requirement corresponds with redox potential, the ability to generate ROS in the parasites, and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, we used this collection of data to design a new antileishmanial compound with strong activity in vitro and improved properties as an antileishmanial candidate.
An alternative to the RNA World Hypothesis

The RNA world hypothesis for the origin of life is widely accepted in spite of the complexity of RNA synthesis. An alternative hypothesis is advanced for the origin and evolution of protein and nucleic acid synthesis. At an early stage synthesis of poly-( b -malic acid), the initial evolutionary predecessor of nucleic acids, and polypeptides was coupled. This evolved into a singlet coding system in which glycine and alanine were specified by two derivatives of malic acid with different amide side chains. In stages, the linear polyester backbone evolved into the phosphodiester backbone of RNA and the amide side chains evolved into the purine and pyrimidine bases. The replication process for RNA used aminoacyl-NMP monomers (N= pyrimidine or purine) with a singlet coding system in which the four bases coded for glycine, alanine, valine and aspartic acid. Ribosomal protein synthesis (RPS) evolved from coupled replication by using tRNAs and separating fidelity checking and peptide bond formation functions into small and large ribosomal subunits. Continuity was maintained during the transition to the triplet process by using the same catalysts that aminoacylated NMPs to aminoacylate four different bases at the 3’ ends of the original tRNAs. Four GNC codons used the central base to designate the same four amino acids that were coded in singlet replication. Triplet-coded protein synthesis had the advantage of producing multiple copies of protein from a single copy of RNA, and eventually replaced protein synthesis via singlet-coded replication. Evolution of the simple triplet-coded process into RPS is described.
The state and maritime nationalism in Cote d'Ivoire

ONE of the intriguing paradoxes of Cote d'Ivoire is that while the political class has become famous for its 'open-door' capitalism, the Government headed by Felix Houphouet-Boigny consistently heightened its rhetoric of ' Ivoirianisation' through which it purported to indigenise the economy. The fact is that capitalism controlled by foreigners has generally gained the upper hand with state connivance or approval. Where local capitalism exists, it is often spearheaded by the state as participant and competitor, rather than as a facilitator of indigenous enterprise. Shipping offers a good example of this dual approach, where the state became the vanguard of a vigorous national and regional drive for maritime independence, but at the same time pursued its self-declared 'open-door' strategy which ensured continued domination of the sector by foreigners. Ivoirian leaders do not appear to have been particularly interested in shipping until becoming involved in the work of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Unctad). One of the most controversial items on its agenda from i964 onwards was the need to restructure the carriage of sea-borne trade so as to reflect the political and economic aspirations of developing countries, and this quest culminated in the adoption of the U.N. Convention on a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences in I 974, albeit not ratified until October i983. Cote d'Ivoire has been one of the most vocal advocates of a 'new international maritime order' (Nimo), and is said to have been mainly responsible for the creation of that terminology.1 Certainly the regime in Abidjan adopted some of the most nationalistic maritime policies among developing nations, and on several occasions acted as the spokesman for the 22 members of the Ministerial Conference of West and Central African States on Maritime Transport. So why is Cote d'Ivoire perhaps the one country in West Africa where maritime dependency has been the most glaring? Why has the
Factors Affecting Reported Level of Love in College Students: Gender, Year in College, and Place of Residence

Love was studied in a college community by administering a 50-item true-false questionnaire to 128 college students. The 4 (year in college) × 2 (gender) × 2 (place of residence) factorial analysis...
Divorcing mothers and social support: Testing the specificity of buffering effects

The circumstances under which social support buffers the negative effects of stress have been a subject of much research. The hypothesis that social support is effective only when it matches the needs elicited by particular stressors was studied in a sample of divorcing mothers. Predictions were made regarding which types of support (Parenting, Emotional, and Tangible) would buffer the effects of Parenting, Social, and Tangible stress on depressive symptoms and on general psychological distress of divorcing mothers. Results did not support the specificity of social support buffering effects, though the stress and support scales often showed direct relationships to criterion measures. Implications were discussed for the assessment of support with multiple models, for future research designs, and for planning prevention programs to meet the needs of divorcing mothers.
Nonlinear Control for Stabilizing Power Systems During Major Disturbances

Abstract In this paper we revisit state-of-the-art methods for stabilizing the dynamics of electric power systems during major changes. A modeling framework which lends itself to energy function-based transient stabilization is introduced for purposes of stabilizing kinetic energy in generators by means of managing stored energy in Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices embedded in the transmission system. This approach sets the basis for placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) and communications architecture between the generators and FACTS devices capable of transiently stabilizing system dynamics. It is shown that this approach greatly improves the critical clearing time when compared to other proposed methods. This work opens a new direction toward using fast PMUs and communications to transiently stabilize the system.
Medial amygdala lesions selectively block aversive pavlovian-instrumental transfer in rats.

Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) play an important role in the reinforcement and motivation of instrumental active avoidance (AA). Conditioned threats can also invigorate ongoing AA responding (aversive Pavlovian-instrumental transfer or PIT). The neural circuits mediating AA are poorly understood, although lesion studies suggest that lateral, basal and central amygdala nuclei, as well as infralimbic prefrontal cortex, make key, and sometimes opposing, contributions. We recently completed an extensive analysis of brain c-Fos expression in good vs. poor avoiders following an AA test (Martinez et al 2013, Learning and Memory). This analysis identified medial amygdala (MeA) as a potentially important region for Pavlovian motivation of instrumental actions. MeA is known to mediate defensive responding to innate threats as well as social behaviors, but its role in mediating aversive Pavlovian-instrumental interactions is unknown. We evaluated the effect of MeA lesions on Pavlovian conditioning, Sidman two-way AA conditioning (shuttling) and aversive PIT in rats. Mild footshocks served as the unconditioned stimulus in all conditioning phases. MeA lesions had no effect on AA but blocked the expression of aversive PIT and 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in the AA context. Interestingly, MeA lesions failed to affect Pavlovian freezing to discrete threats but reduced freezing to contextual threats when assessed outside of the AA chamber. These findings differentiate MeA from lateral and central amygdala, as lesions of these nuclei disrupt Pavlovian freezing and aversive PIT, but have opposite effects on AA performance. Taken together, these results suggest that MeA plays a selective role in the motivation of instrumental avoidance by general or uncertain Pavlovian threats.
Boundless-range Phase Shifters and Sideband Reduction

A boundless-range phase shifter is demonstrated at 10GHz using a dual parallel electro-optic modulator. Sideband and carrier rejections over 30dB are achieved using a coherent optical spectrum analyzer to verify the operation.
Intestinal Stem Cells: Common Signal Pathways, Human Disease Correlation, and Implications for Therapies

Enterocytes originating from gastrointestinal stem cells are basic building blocks of villi and crypts in human intestine. Little is known about intestinal stem cells (ISCs), their interaction with niche, and key pathways in their regulation. In this paper, we have reviewed the characteristics of ISC, its interaction with niche, and the understanding of key signaling pathways like Wnt. A better understanding of all of this will help to better utilize novel therapies like mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), R-spondin1, and sulindac in various disorders like colon cancer, graft-versus-host disease, intestinal polyposis, and radiation-related bowel injuries.
Field collection of rectal samples for sexually transmitted infection diagnostics among men who have sex with men

Rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in men at risk for urethral infections with these pathogens, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM). However, for those individuals not regularly seen by a clinician, screening for rectal STI is not currently a widespread option. Qualitative data and samples (i.e. self-obtained rectal specimens) were collected from 75 MSM in a variety of venues. Upon completion of the rectal self-sampling, each participant completed a brief interview regarding their overall experience with the process. Participants reported an overall high level of acceptability and comfort-level involved with self-sampling for rectal STI. Of the majority of men who agreed to provide a rectal self-sample, all reported that they would provide a sample again in the future. However, many men also appreciated the interaction with a health-care provider that a clinical setting offered. In conclusion, self-sampling is a feasible and acceptable option when offered to MSM in a range of community-based venues. Further research is needed to determine which combinations of STI testing and treatment methods (including self-sampling) are most appropriate for diverse groups of men.
Effect of baffles on orbital accelerations — Induced bubble oscillations in microgravity

Abstract The behavior of sloshing dynamics modulated fluid systems driven by the orbital accelerations including gravity gradient and jitter accelerations with partially-filled rotating fluids has been studied. Present study is applicable to a full-scale Gravity Probe-B Spacecraft dewar tank with and without baffle. Results of slosh wave excitation along the liquid—vapor interface induced by jitter acceleration-dominated orbital accelerations provide a torsional moment with an up-and-down movement of bubble oscillations in the rotating dewar. The results show rightward and leftward movement of bubble oscillations transverse to the rotating axis, and up-and-down movement of bubble oscillations longitudinal to the rotating axis of dewar container. The orbital accelerations also induce an eccentric contour of bubble oscillations in a horizontal r—θ plane. As viscous force between liquid—solid interface, and surface tension force between liquid—vapor—solid interface can greatly contribute to the damping effect of slosh wave excitation, the rotating dewar with baffle provides more areas of liquid—solid and liquid—vapor—solid interfaces than that of a rotating dewar without baffle. Results show that the damping effect provide by a baffle reduce the amplitude of slosh wave excitation and reduce the degree of asymmetry in liquid—vapor distribution. Computation of bubble (helium vapor) mass center fluctuations also verifies that a rotating dewar with baffle produces less fluctuations than that of a rotating dewar without baffle.
The impact of trauma: a developmental framework for infancy and early childhood.

There is a steady accumulation of research and clinical evidence documenting the effect of traumatic events on the development of infants and young children. Trauma involves the impact of extreme physical or psychological stressors that overwhelm a child's ability to cope. Traumatic events threaten serious injury, death, or the psychological integrity of a child or another person. Young children are frequently exposed to a range of traumatic stressors, including hurricanes, near drownings, car accidents, and shootings, as well as physical and sexual abuse, domestic violence, war, and terrorism. Because young children have limited coping skills, they are particularly at risk for negative outcomes associated with traumatic events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Mutants with Reduced Chloroplast Number

We have used a class of Arabidopsis mutants altered in the accumulation and replication of chloroplasts (arc mutants) to investigate the effect of reduced chloroplast number on the photosynthetic competence of leaves. Each of the arc mutants examined (arc3, arc5, and arc6) accumulate only a few (2–15) large chloroplasts per mesophyll cell [K.A. Pyke and R.M. Leech (1992) Plant Physiology 99: 1005–1008]. The increased plastid size maintains a constant plastid to mesophyll cell volume, which has been suggested to compensate for the lower chloroplast number. In fact, we find that reduced chloroplast number has an effect on both the composition and structure of the photosynthetic apparatus, and that each arc mutant has an altered photosynthetic capacity, and we conclude that photosynthetic competence is dependent on proper chloroplast division and development.