cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dance in the Field: Theory, Methods and Issues in Dance Ethnography

Dance in the Field: Theory, Methods and Issues in Dance Ethnography. Theresa J. Buckland. ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, Inc., 1999. ix. 223 pp., photographs, illustrations, index.
Grouping Soils by Taxonomic Order to Improve Lime Recommendations

The success of a liming program is dependent upon the accuracy of the lime recommendation, which in turn depends on the quality of the underlying correlations and calibrations. Because of the expense, large-scale field calibration experiments are rarely conducted. The relatively low economic returns from pastures make it even more unlikely that a calibration experiment would be conducted, especially in West Virginia. Therefore, any improvements in lime recommendations have to be made from lime correlations. Moreover, it is unlikely that a single lime correlation can accurately identify appropriate lime rates for all soils. Hence, the objectives of this study were to improve the accuracy of lime recommendations by using quick tests that account for soil order and to develop lime correlations for acidic pasture soils of West Virginia. Twenty-five surface soil samples (0–7.5 cm) from the three major soil orders in the state (Alfisols, Inceptisols, Ultisols) were collected, most in cooperation with state soil...
Effects of linoleic acid metabolites on electrical activity in adult rat ventricular myocytes.

Abstract Leukotoxin (Lx), an epoxide derivative of linoleic acid, has been suggested to be a toxic mediator of multiple organ failure in burn patients and of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lx production was recently shown during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. However, a recent study suggested that to be toxic Lx must be metabolized to Lx-diol. In the present study, isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes were studied with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to determine the effects of these compounds on cardiac electrical activity. Measurements of action potentials showed that neither linoleic acid nor Lx (100 μM) caused any significant changes in action potential properties. However, Lx-diol in the range of 10–100 μM produced a dose dependent increase in duration and a decrease in overshoot of the action potential. Subsequent voltage clamp experiments isolating Na current (INa) and transient outward K current (Ito) revealed that Lx-diol inhibited INa and Ito by about 80% at 100 μM, while linoleic acid and Lx had no effect on these currents at the same concentration. While Lx-diol produced the same inhibition of INa and Ito at 100 μM, its effects were more potent on Ito with significant inhibition at 10 μM. Lx-diol also hastened the activation kinetics of Ito but not INa. The action of Lx-diol was rapid (reaching steady state in 3–5 min) and was reversible in 5–10 min following washout. Thus, Lx-diol could favor arrhythmias or cardiac arrest in intact heart and may be responsible for the cardiac problems seen in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. These results further support the suggestion that Lx is not toxic in the heart but rather must be metabolized to Lx-diol to produce toxic effects on cardiac muscle.
Discriminant Validity of Career Development Inventory Scales in Grade 10 Students

An aspect of construct validity of the six scales of the Career Development Inventory was investigated with 312 tenth-grade students. The subscales were found to demonstrate adequate discriminant validity except for that among certain cognitive subscales.
The innervation of the salivary gland in the american cockroach: Light and electron microscopic observations.

The salivary gland of Periplaneta americana (L.) is innervated from both the stomatogastric nervous system (SNS) and subesophageal ganglion (SEG). Methylene-blue preparations, histological sections and electron microscopy revealed a pair of nerves from the SEG, each of which contains two axons 5-7 μ in diameter, and these are accompanied by several smaller ones. The nerves going to the salivary glands from the SNS contain a dozen or more axons, each less than 2 μ thick. Axons from two sources innervate the efferent salivary ducts, the acini, the anterior ends of the salivary reservoirs, and the reservoir suspensory muscles. A nerve which has reached an acinus forms a plexus upon its surface. Electron micrographs disclose penetration of axons with or without glial wrappings, into the intercellular spaces between gland cells. Axons without glial wrappings have been observed in intimate contact with gland-cell membranes, and several areas which resemble synaptic junctions have been seen.
Role of TGF- β in breast cancer bone metastases

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide leading to approximately 350,000 deaths each year. It has long been known that cancers preferentially metastasize to particular organs, and bone metastases occur in ~70% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Breast cancer bone metastases are predominantly osteolytic and accompanied by increased fracture risk, pain, nerve compression and hypercalcemia, causing severe morbidity. In the bone matrix, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most abundant growth factors, which is released in active form upon tumor-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. TGF-β, in turn, stimulates bone metastatic tumor cells to secrete factors that further drive osteolytic bone destruction adjacent to the tumor. Thus, TGF-β is a crucial factor responsible for driving the feed-forward vicious cycle of cancer growth in bone. Moreover, TGF-β activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, increases tumor cell invasiveness and angiogenesis and induces immunosuppression. Blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway to interrupt this vicious cycle between breast cancer and bone offers a promising target for therapeutic intervention to decrease skeletal metastasis. This review will describe the role of TGF-β in breast cancer and bone metastasis, and pre-clinical and clinical data will be evaluated for the potential use of TGF-β inhibitors in clinical practice to treat breast cancer bone metastases.
A review and integrating analysis of Spatially-Variable Control of crop production

The variability of crops, soils, and pests within crop production fields has led to attempts to understand those variations and to manage crop production accordingly. The rapidly expanding research and development on the management and control of crop production according to in-field variations is reviewed. The various stages and components of this spatially-variable control are classified and presented along with a proposed terminology and notation. Advances in component technologies (sensors, actuators, locators, geostatistics, geographic information systems) and their integration should reduce crop production costs and be environmentally advantageous.
The Viability of Google Wave as an Online Collaboration Tool

Collaboration is an increasingly important skill in academia. Not only are librarians expected to collaborate with one another within a single library, but there are also expectations of both intra...
Mechanistic Studies of the Formation and Decay of Diiron(III) Peroxo Complexes in the Reaction of Diiron(II) Precursors with Dioxygen.

Mechanistic studies of the reactions of three analogous alkoxo-bridged diiron(II) complexes with O(2) have been carried out. The compounds, which differ primarily in the steric accessibility of dioxygen to the diiron(II) center, form metastable m-peroxo intermediates when studied at low temperature. At ambient temperatures, these intermediates decay to form (m-oxo)polyiron(III) products. The effect of ligand steric constraints on the O(2) reactivity was investigated. When access to the diiron center was unimpeded, the reaction was first-order with respect to both [Fe(II)(2)] and [O(2)] and the activation parameters for O(2) addition were similar to those for O(2) reacting with the dioxygen transport protein hemerythrin. When the binding site was occluded, however, reduced order with respect to [O(2)] was observed and a two-step mechanism was required to explain the kinetic results. Decay of all three peroxide intermediates involves a bimolecular event, implying the formation of tetranuclear species in the transition state.
Culturally Competent Counseling for Religious and Spiritual African American Adolescents.

Religion and spirituality are deeply rooted in traditional African American culture. Data suggest that African American adolescents maintain higher baseline rates of religious activities and beliefs than their peers (Bachman, Johnston, & O'Malley, 2005; Smith, Faris, Denton, & Regnerus, 2003). Recognizing these data, this article examines strategies for helping school counselors enhance their multicultural counseling competence through the integration of African American adolescents' value orientations and belief systems in counseling aimed to maximize academic, career, and personal/social development.
Jet noise from coaxial nozzles over a wide range of geometric and flow parameters

Free field pure jet noise data were taken for a large range of coaxial nozzle configurations. The core nozzles were circular (1 to 4 in. diameter) and plug types. The fan to core area ratio varied from 0.7 to 43.5, while the velocity ratio typically varied from 0 to 1. For most cases the two nozzles were coplanar but large axial extensions of either nozzle were also tested. Correlation of the data resulted in a simple procedure for estimating ambient temperature subsonic coaxial jet noise spectra over a wide range of geometric and flow parameters.
Protecting Natural Capital: An Editorial and Introduction

Every beginning student of economics learns that the factors of production are land, labor, and capital. Some economists now add technology to these three but technology is best understood as an ` enabler'', an element that enables each factor of production to become more ef®cient. It is common now to refer to ` human capital'', ` ®nancial capital'', and ` natural capital'' as those timeless elements of economic activity that have driven the global economy to new levels of prosperity. Human capital includes people, their ideas and intelligence, their training, motivation, and organization. Over the years, the productivity of human capital has increased greatly, due to many factors including, but not limited to, education, research and development, improved health (healthcare, lifestyle), and new and improved technology. The average revenue per employee in the service sector has increased dramatically due largely to technology. Since most businesses openly state that their employees are their greatest resource, they have invested heavily in human capital with gratifying results. Financial capital includes money, credit, factories, machinery, and all items of value that enter into economic processes but are not classi®ed as human or natural. Here also, we have seen vast improvements in productivity as ®nancial capital moves rapidly from country to country and project to project seeking the highest return. The growth and development of private pension plans and the ability of the individual investor to become a player in the ®nancial markets has provided an impetus for the sharp increase in investment in ®nancial capital. Unfortunately, natural capital has not bene®ted from investment and, in fact, there has been a disinvestment as natural systems have been overused because their true cost is not properly valued. By natural capital, we mean all natural resources and ecological systems. Instead of investing in preserving eco-systems upon which all life and all businesses depend, natural capital is being depleted at an alarming rate because of improved technology in extracting, harvesting, processing, and shipping. Why is this so? The price of natural resources is generally lower than that of human capital and ®nancial capital, so more of it is used because it is the cheapest factor of production. But why is it priced so low? Part of the answer lies in our accounting systems that do not accurately measure the cost of using natural resources. For example, the loss of topsoil from logging operations is not re ected in the income statement of the logging company. Similarly, the cost of a gallon of gasoline does not include the cost of planting trees to absorb the carbon emitted when it is used.
1,3-Dimetallacyclobutadiene Derivatives of Niobium and Tantalum Supported by Carbazole Ligation: Reactivity with Organic Isocyanides

The alkylidyne-bridged substrates [(Me3SiCH2)2M(μ-CSiMe3)2M(CH2SiMe3)2] (M = Nb, 1a; M = Ta, 1b) react over days at 100 °C in hydrocarbon solution with an excess of carbazole reagents (N‘H = carbaz...
Analyses of tetracyline antibiotics by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation was developed that is generally applicable to nine commercially important tetracyline antibiotics. The general method uses an isocratic system and mobile phase consisting of 0.001MEDTA, pH 6.6, and methanol and a Vydac C18 reversed-phase column. Quantitation of the particular tetracyline in some commercial preparations is accomplished by adjusting the mobile phase composition. Quantitative assays were developed for small amounts of 4-epitetracycline in tetracycline (TC) preparations, demeclocycline in minocycline preparations and TC in chlortetracycline (chlor-TC) preparations. A fast HPLC assay for potency was also developed for chlor-TC and minocycline in these commercial preparations.
Altruistic Suicide or Altruistic Martyrdom? Christian Greek Orthodox Neomartyrs: A Case Study

Altruistic Suicide: From Sainthood to Terrorism as titled poses the question: altruistic suicide or altruistic martyrdom? This article speaks more about martyrdom than suicide. The ancient Greek world and the more modern Christian Greek Orthodox one show that many people preferred death rather than apostasy. The Greek Orthodox neo-martyrs were motivated by categories of martyrdom, being accused of being political offenders or traitors or being charged with being agitators because they advocated a better treatment for Christians. Martyrdom cannot be explained in personality structures and psychological terms, but in terms of Christian Orthodox faith, culture, history, and so on. Altruistic martyrdom by "the neo-martyrs of the Christian Greek Orthodox Church" is martyrdom, not suicide.
Oscillations and island evolution in radiating diffusion flames

We show how an island (isola) evolves out of the usual S-curve of steady states of diffusion flames when radiation losses are accounted for and how it eventually disappears when radiation increases...
SHALLOW WATER TABLE EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CORN YIELD

The effect of water-table management practices on leaf photosynthesis and corn yield was investigated under two different field conditions in 1989 and 1990. In one field, water-table depths were maintained at 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m in field lysimeters during the growing season. In the other field, average water-table depths of 0.2, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.1 m were maintained through subirrigation. Photo-synthesis measurements were made regularly during the growing season, and yield data were collected at harvest. In 1989, a relatively dry year, photosynthesis rates were higher at shallow water-table depths than at deep water-table depths. In 1990, a very wet year, photosynthesis rates were not significantly different for water-table depths between 0.3 and 0.9 m, but rates decreased significantly for water-table depths shallower than 0.3 m. Statistical analysis indicates that water-table effects on photosynthesis rates were not consistent. However, effects of various water-table depths on photosynthetic water-use efficiency (PWUE) were highly significant in both dry and wet seasons. Corn yields increased with increasing water-table depths. At water-table depths of 0.2 to 0.3 m, corn yield decreased significantly. In both dry and wet seasons, effects of water-table treatments on grain yield were highly significant and significant relationships were obtained between PWUE values and yield.
Continuous hydrothermal processing of the nano-crystalline particulates for chemical-mechanical planarization

A wide range of nano-crystalline, single and multi-component oxide/oxyhydroxide particulates, which may be potentially useful as abrasives for chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) processes, have been produced using a novel, flow-through hydrothermal technology previously developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The process, termed rapid thermal decomposition of precursors in solution (RTDS), converts aqueous feed stock solutions containing metal salts and other thermally activated reactants into suspensions or slurries of nano-crystals (with diameters of generally less than 30 nm) by continuous flow through a heated, high pressure reaction pipe (typically, 200–400°C, 6000–8000 psi). Flow at pressure is maintained using a nozzle at the down-stream end of the reaction tube. Crystallite formation occurs during the solution’s brief residence time (<30 s) in the reaction pipe. Control over crystalline phase and, in some cases, particle morphology can be tailored by selecting the appropriate feed chemistry and processing conditions. Using bench-scale equipment, RTDS is capable of producing nano-crystalline particulate material at rates of up to ≈500 gm of solids per hour. The RTDS processing and characterization of nano-crystalline zirconium-, titanium-, and iron-based oxide and oxyhydroxide particulates are reviewed.
Thermochemical investigations of associated solutions: 16. Comparison of the extended NIBS model and mobile order theory for solubility in systems containing solute-solvent complexation

Abstract A relatively simple equation is derived from mobile order theory for calculating solute-solvent association constants from measured solubility data in binary solvent mixtures. The newly derived expression was found to describe carbazole solubilities in nine binary dibutyl ether + alkane solvent mixtures to within an average absolute deviation of 2.5% using a single association constant. The association constant varied slightly with inert hydrocarbon cosolvent, with the numerical values ranging from a lower limit of K AC = 1400 for n -heptane to an upper value of K AC = 1955 for isooctane.
Sexual size dimorphism of the tongue in a North American pitviper

Sexual dimorphisms – phenotypic dissimilarities between the sexes – are common and widespread among plants and animals, and classical examples include differences in body size, colour, shape, ornamentation and behaviour. In general, sexual dimorphisms are hypothesized to evolve by way of sexual selection acting on one sex through priority-of-access for sexual partners via mate choice and/or intra-sexual competition. In snakes, males are the mate-searching sex and one form of sexual selection involves male–male competition in locating females by following pheromone trails using their forked tongues, the structure used to sample environmental chemicals for transduction in the vomeronasal chemosensory system (VNS). Based on several lines of empirical evidence, increased tongue forking (bifurcation) in snakes (and some lizard taxa) appears to enhance chemical trail-following abilities through tropotaxis (the simultaneous comparison of stimulus intensities on two sides of the body) and thus aids in prey location and mate searching in males. We predicted that male copperheads, Agkistrodon contortrix, a North American pitviper, should have more deeply forked tongues than females owing to male–male competition for priority-of-access to widely dispersed females during the mating seasons. We examined formalin-fixed, ethanol-preserved museum specimens of adult A. contortrix for sexual size dimorphism (SSD) of the tongue. Tongue dimensions showed differences indicative of SSD, and the degree of bifurcation (i.e. mean tine length) was significantly greater in males. Various structures of the VNS and associated regions (e.g. muscles) in some vertebrate taxa show sexual dimorphism, but our study is the first to document dimorphism in the tongue of a tetrapod vertebrate.
Amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of genetically selected soybean products

To determine the ME and amino acid digestibility of 5 soybean meal (SBM) samples, a precision-fed rooster assay and a chick assay were conducted. The 5 samples were cold-pressed (extruded) soybean meals or solvent-extracted (defatted) soybean meal. Of the cold-pressed varieties (unheated), there was an ultra-low trypsin SBM, a low-trypsin SBM, and a heated and unheated commodity SBM. The solvent-extracted SBM was a heated commodity blend. The TME and AME values were compared between each category: cold-pressed and defatted, as well as between the 2 assays. Semipurified diets containing dextrose as the main energy source were formulated to meet the bird's nutrient requirements, with each diet containing a different SBM product. The TME rooster assay was a precision-fed rooster assay in which 5 birds per diet were fasted for 24 h, crop intubated with 35 g of the test diet containing 46.58% cold-pressed or defatted SBM, and excreta was then collected for 48 h. The total aromatic amino acids rooster assay followed the same protocol, but cecectomized birds were used. For the chick assay, 480 one-day-old chicks were fed a standard corn-SBM starter diet until 17 d of age, and on d 18, the chicks were allowed ad libitum access to the SB-dextrose diets. Excreta were collected on d 22, dried, ground, and analyzed for gross energy and CP to determine ME. The SBM samples that were genetically selected to have lower trypsin inhibitor levels and higher protein had higher ME values and increased amino acid digestibility than the commodity cold-pressed SBM samples. Genetic selection of soybeans for certain traits can have positive effects on the ME value and amino acid digestibility for roosters and chicks.
CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ESOPHAGITIS IN TUBE FED HIGH RISK NEONATES: A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED PROBLEM

CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT ESOPHAGITIS IN TUBE FED HIGH RISK NEONATES: A PREVIOUSLY UNRECOGNIZED PROBLEM
Electromagnetic scattering from a dielectric-coated circular cylinder

The normalized backscattering width of an infinitely long, dielectric coated circular cylinder is obtained via a high frequency ray solution. The ray solution provides a physical picture of the scattering process in terms of a geometrical optics ray and two surface waves. It is shown that the surface wave resonance phenomena in the backscattering fields of the coated cylinder can be predicted in terms of the Regge poles of the coated cylinder. The numerical results for the backscattering widths of the cylinder obtained via the high frequency ray solution show excellent agreement with the eigenfunction results. The trajectories of the Regge poles associated with the coated circular cylinder are also presented.
Laser fabrication of 3D microenvironments for small cellular populations

We present development of a lithographic strategy based on multiphoton-excited crosslinking of proteins and other biological molecules. Application of this approach to study cultured cells in physiologically relevant, 3D microenvironments will be discussed.
Repurposing Zotero for sustainable assessment and scalable modified embedding

Purpose – This paper aims to describe a new application of Zotero, a citation management system, for embedded librarianship and assessment. It explores student reception of this approach and maps Zotero’s capacities to represent citations to learning outcomes and information literacy frames that instruction librarians assess. Design/methodology/approach – The librarian worked with a course using Zotero group libraries for collaborative work, used Zotero to communicate with students and assess their information literacy skills and surveyed the students to determine their perception of librarian participation via Zotero. Findings – Using Zotero’s features made it possible to formatively and summatively assess student work quickly, and students were receptive to librarian participation via Zotero. Practical implications – This suggests that librarians facing difficulty embedding in online courses or those seeking to assess student work may wish to explore Zotero as a sustainable solution to both challenges. ...
Residual nature of certain organophosphorus insecticides in grain sorghum and Coastal bermudagrass.

Residue studies were conducted on several insecticides being evaluated for the control of the two-spotted mite, Tetranychus telarius (Linn.), on grain sorghum and the fall armyworm, Spodo-ptera frugiperda (Smith), on Coastal bermudagrass. On grain sorghum, the residual persistance of dimethoate, ethion, azinphos-methyl and methyl parathion was determined while similar studies were performed with Iraidan, N-(mercaptomethyl) phthalimide-S-(O,C-dimethylphosphorodithioate, and trichlorfon on Coastal bermudagrass.
Using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis to Sharpen Formulary Decision-Making: The Example of Tiotropium at the Veterans Affairs Health Care System

Abstract Objective To identify a cost-saving subset of criteria for the use of tiotropium at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center based on a cost-effectiveness analysis with ipratropium as the comparator. Methods Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records for the calendar year 2004 was conducted. The sample was drawn from a population at the Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center that had a confirmed diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and had filled prescriptions for ipratropium. The tiotropium sample was based on a modeled cohort of COPD patients who had received tiotropium. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. The outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness of tiotropium versus ipratropium. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $2360 per avoided exacerbation. Tiotropium cost-effectiveness increased with COPD severity and was cost-saving in patients with very severe disease (ICER = $−1818) and in patients with a previous COPD-related hospitalization (ICER = $−4472). The ICER was most sensitive to the relative effectiveness and price of tiotropium. Results identified the levels of treatment effectiveness and price beyond which tiotropium would become cost-saving relative to ipratropium. Conclusions The results support the existing Veterans Affairs practice of offering tiotropium to patients with COPD-related hospitalizations. Periodic review of the effectiveness data to determine whether tiotropium would be cost-saving in patients with very severe COPD is suggested. Cost-effectiveness analyses that identify practical criteria-for-use should become an integral part of the formulary process.
Single-shot speckle noise reduction by interleaved optical coherence tomography

Speckle noise is one of the dominant factors that degrade image quality in optical coherence tomography (OCT). Here, we propose a new strategy, interleaved OCT (iOCT), for spatial compounding and angular compounding. We demonstrate the efficiency of compounding with iOCT to restrain speckle noise without compromising imaging speed in phantoms and tissue samples.
Don't Toss Coins in Garbage Cans: A Prologue to Policy Design

Threats to effective policy-making arising from ubiquitous circumstances of complexity and uncertainty are often taken as reasons to eschew both the attacking of social problems through public policy and cogitation, such as policy analysis, in the policy process. It is suggested here that, as complexity and uncertainty increase, more cogitation is required, not less; but it is crucial that cogitation be of the appropriate sort. Greater use should be made of policy design, as opposed to methods emphasising selection among prespecified alternatives. The required design task varies with the level of difficulty – defined by complexity, uncertainty, and lack of feedback – in any case at hand. A taxonomy of levels of difficulty is developed, together with a preliminary outline of the design task required at each level.
Positive Selection Shaped the Convergent Evolution of Independently Expanded Kallikrein Subfamilies Expressed in Mouse and Rat Saliva Proteomes

We performed proteomics studies of salivas from the genome mouse (C57BL/6 strain) and the genome rat (BN/SsNHsd/Mcwi strain). Our goal was to identify salivary proteins with one or more of three characteristics that may indicate that they have been involved in adaptation: 1) rapid expansion of their gene families; 2) footprints of positive selection; and/or 3) sex-limited expression. The results of our proteomics studies allow direct comparison of the proteins expressed and their levels between the sexes of the two rodent species. Twelve members of the Mus musculus species-specific kallikrein subfamily Klk1b showed sex-limited expression in the mouse saliva proteomes. By contrast, we did not find any of the Rattus norvegicus species-specific kallikrein subfamily Klk1c proteins in male or female genome rat, nor transcripts in their submandibular glands. On the other hand, we detected expression of this family as transcripts in the submandibular glands of both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats. Using the CODEML program in the PAML package, we demonstrate that the two rodent kallikrein subfamilies have apparently evolved rapidly under the influence of positive selection that continually remodeled the amino acid sites on the same face in the members of the subfamilies. Thus, although their kallikrein subfamily expansions were independent, this evolutionary pattern has occurred in parallel in the two rodent species, suggesting a form of convergent evolution at the molecular level. On the basis of this new data, we suggest that the previous speculative function of the species-specific rodent kallikreins as important solely in wound healing in males be investigated further. In addition to or instead of that function, we propose that their sex-limited expression, coupled with their rapid evolution may be clues to an as-yet-undetermined interaction between the sexes.
A nutrient loading budget for Biscayne Bay, Florida

The water quality in Biscayne Bay has been significantly affected by past and continuing coastal and watershed development. The nutrient concentrations in the Bay have been dramatically changed by the conversion of natural creeks and sheet flow freshwater inputs to rapid and episodic canal inputs from the large and rapidly expanding Miami metropolitan area. This study is an evaluation of nutrient loadings to Biscayne Bay for 1994–2002 from canal, atmospheric, and groundwater sources. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, as nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium) and total phosphorus (TP) loadings by the canals were influenced by their geographic locations relative to discharge amount, watershed land use, stormwater runoff, and proximity to landfills. Annual budgets showed that canals contributed the bulk of N loading to the bay as 1687.2 metric ton N yr � 1 (88% total load). Direct atmospheric DIN load for Biscayne Bay was only 231.7 ton N yr � 1 , based on surface area. Of the canal DIN load, nitrate+nitrite ðNO � Þ loading (1294.5 ton N yr � 1 ) made up a much greater proportion than that of ammonium (NH þ , 392.6 ton N yr � 1 ). In the urbanized north and central Bay, canal DIN load was evenly
The interplay of genres, gender, and language ideology among the Muskogee

Contrary to statements made by previous researchers, Muskogee women are linguistically active in ceremonial public spheres, though through the use of genres that differ significantly from men's. One of the genres performed in these contexts is "gossip," which is described by some Muskogee men as a dangerous genre. This article explores why Muskogee women's and men's linguistic practices differ so strikingly in the ceremonial sphere, and what women achieve through their use of gossip. It is suggested that consideration of Muskogee language and gender ideologies in regard to these issues shows that gendered language use differences are rational and maintain balance between the genders. Insights from both ideologies also indicate that women's gossip is a powerful genre, the use of which is generally positive for Muskogee society. (Muskogee Indians, gender ideology, language ideology, gossip)* I N T R o D U C T I o N Attending gatherings and ceremonies during my dissertation research with the Muskogee Indians, a Southeastern Native American tribe, made me aware of differences between the linguistic behaviors of Muskogee and Anglo men and women in public space. I began by carefully documenting the behaviors and the settings in which the behaviors occurred, hoping that a relatively clear correlation among event, genre, and gender would emerge. However, it soon became obvious that, in order to come to grips with and explain the variation in linguistic behaviors among Muskogee men and women, I needed to explore and include aspects of Muskogee language and gender ideology. This article exposes how rich a description and explanation of linguistic behaviors can be when ideologies about distinct aspects of social life are included in the analysis. Muskogee gender ideology provides for gender roles that are complementary, with women in charge of the familial and domestic and men in charge of the extra-familial and commercial. In line with the observations of Rosaldo (1974:19), Ortner 1974, and others, the community's valuation of women's roles within society is lower than that of men's. Concomitant with this, men's speech is fre? 2006 Cambridge University Press 0047-4045/06 $12.0() 23 1 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.78 on Tue, 21 Jun 2016 05:30:46 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
From the Nativist's Point of View: How Ethnography Can Enrich Our Understanding of Political Identity From the Nativist's Point of View: How Ethnography Can Enrich Our Understanding of Political Identity

Based on my participant observation of the border militia group known as the Minutemen, this article examines what motivates people to participate in social movements. Building on social movements'...
Nonlinear models for the intermodulation analysis of FET mixers

An accurate, detailed analysis program has been developed for intermodulation distortion (IMD) simulation of FET mixers. This program is very efficient at calculating the IMD from multiple RF inputs. We have proposed a simplified nonlinear model for IMD analysis of FET gate mixers. The accuracy of the simplified model has been verified experimentally using two different MESFET mixers and one HEMT mixer at X band. All the tests show good agreement between measured results and the calculated results for second- and third-order IMD. The simplified model is based on modeling the derivative of the device transconductance by a sum of a Gaussian function and a linear function of the gate voltage. Drain bias dependence is ignored. The advantage of this model is that it can be used for both MESFET and HEMT mixers, and its fitting parameters can be easily determined from a nonlinear characterization of the devices at low frequencies. >
The Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Rational Planning on IT-Based Organizational Performance: An Empirical Analysis.

Achieving the full worth of IT investments is an important task of top management but questions remain as to what factors lead to improved returns and how do such investments impact organizational performance. Using a postal survey of 273 CIO respondents, this study analyzed the relationship of knowledge sharing and rational planning to IT-based organizational performance. Knowledge sharing was assumed to be influenced by the support of top management for IT planning. Rational planning was represented by strategic IT alignment and the formal evaluation of IT investments. Using a structural equation modeling approach, study data revealed that top management support of IT predicted domain knowledge sharing which in turn predicted higher levels of rational planning. However, formal evaluation of IT investments was a higher and more significant predictor of IT-based organizational performance than alignment. Study results support top management support, knowledge sharing, and rational planning as predictors of IT-based organizational performance.
Early development of vegetation in restored dune plant microhabitats on a nourished beach at Ocean City, New Jersey

Topography and vegetation of restored dunes on a developed barrier island were examined after a large-scale beach nourishment project. Restoration began in 1993 using sand-trapping fences andAmmophila breviligulata Fern. plantings. Subsequent growth of dunes was favored by installing new fences and suspending beach raking to accommodate nesting birds. Plant species richness, percent cover of vegetation, and height ofA. breviligulata were sampled in 1999 on seven shore perpendicular transects in six dune microhabitats (backdune, primary crest, mid-foredune, swale, seaward-most fenced ridge, incipient dune on the backbeach).
Is Arabic Part of Speech Tagging Feasible Without Word Segmentation

In this paper, we compare two novel methods for part of speech tagging of Arabic without the use of gold standard word segmentation but with the full POS tagset of the Penn Arabic Treebank. The first approach uses complex tags without any word segmentation, the second approach is segmention-based, using a machine learning segmenter. Surprisingly, word-based POS tagging yields the best results, with a word accuracy of 94.74%.
Comparing Web services with SNMP in a management by delegation environment

The traditional management by delegation model has lead the IETF, more recently, to define its Script MIB, which allows management entities to transfer, control and retrieve results generated by management scripts. These operations, however, can also be accomplished by Web services. Web services have been pointed out as an interesting approach for network management in general, but in this paper we present the use of Web services in the specific context of management by delegation. We also present a Web services-based system prototype that allows us to compare a Script MIB implementation against SNMP to Web service gateways for management by delegation.
Developmental and Sex Differences in Occupational Preferences.

The present study (N = 479 students) investigated children's preferences in regard to four traditionally female occupations and four traditionally male occupations. Each pair of jobs was selected to represent four different levels of status: i.e., professional, skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled labor. Results were as predicted. Over four age groups from fifth grade through college, boys and girls became less stereotypic in their occupational preferences. Apparently, once children become aware that jobs of higher status level offer more rewards in terms of money and prestige, they will choose a higher status nontraditional job, rather than a lower status traditional job. This appears to be more true for females than for males.
Continuum of palliative care: lessons from caring for children infected with HIV-1

This article presents the essence of continuum of palliative and hospice care for HIV-infected children. Based on the principles of palliative care and the provision of hospice services the relief of suffering has not always been available to most children with life-limiting illnesses. The palliative care ensures childs comfort and maximum function through the course of their illness. The guiding ethical principle of palliative care includes autonomy beneficence non-malfeasance and justice. Thus the family and child are full partners with the health care team in management decisions. Its benefit did not just be reserved for end-of-life care. It starts from the time an HIV-1 infected woman becomes pregnant through the course of disease and eventual death of her child. However there were barriers in providing palliative care. One of which was the lack of appreciation towards acute and chronic pain associated with disease and painful procedures. Another thing was the social and economic barriers to the provisions of appropriate palliative care and hospital services which also exist. A collaborative multidiscipline program will therefore provide the best environment in providing palliative and hospice care. To sum up a child with life-limiting illnesses should receive palliative care and hospice services that give them the best quality of life and ease the burden of dying.
The Clusteron: Toward a Simple Abstraction for a Complex Neuron

Are single neocortical neurons as powerful as multi-layered networks? A recent compartmental modeling study has shown that voltage-dependent membrane nonlinearities present in a complex dendritic tree can provide a virtual layer of local nonlinear processing elements between synaptic inputs and the final output at the cell body, analogous to a hidden layer in a multi-layer network. In this paper, an abstract model neuron is introduced, called a clusteron, which incorporates aspects of the dendritic "cluster-sensitivity" phenomenon seen in these detailed biophysical modeling studies. It is shown, using a clusteron, that a Hebb-type learning rule can be used to extract higher-order statistics from a set of training patterns, by manipulating the spatial ordering of synaptic connections onto the dendritic tree. The potential neurobiological relevance of these higher-order statistics for nonlinear pattern discrimination is then studied within a full compartmental model of a neocortical pyramidal cell, using a training set of 1000 high-dimensional sparse random patterns.
A simple method for estimating frequency response corrections for eddy covariance systems

A simple analytical formula is developed for estimating the frequency attenuation of eddy covariance fluxes due to sensor response, path-length averaging, sensor separation, signal processing, and flux averaging periods. Although it is an approximation based on flat terrain cospectra, this analytical formula should have broader applicability than just flat-terrain providing the peak frequencies of the logarithmic cospectra are known. Comparing the integral and analytical formulations for momentum flux, heat flux, vapor flux, and closed-path and open-path CO 2 eddy covariance systems demonstrates that, except for a relatively uncommon atmospheric condition, the absolute difference between the integral and approximate correction factors is less than 0.06 for both stable and unstable atmospheric conditions (0z/L2). Because closed-path systems can have the tube entrance separated longitudinally from the sonic anemometer, a cospectral transfer function is developed for the phase shift caused by the intrinsic time constant of a first-order scalar instrument and the longitudinal separation of the mouth of the tube and the sonic anemometer. The related issues of tube lag time and other spectral transfer functions are also discussed. In general, it is suggested that the simple formula should be quite useful for experimental design and numerical correction of eddy covariance systems for frequency attenuation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Urethral strictures incident to bicycle motocross racing.

Abstract A dramatic shift from traditional team to alternative or “extreme” sports has given rise to a new generation of nontraditional athletes and sports-related injuries in the pediatric population. We present a case of 2 brothers who developed urethral strictures believed incident to BMX racing. We address current demographics and the general presentation and course of treatment to aid both the pediatric urologist and the general practitioner in prompt and proper diagnosis.
Regulating expression and function of G-protein-linked receptors

Abstract G-protein-linked receptors constitute a populous family of heptahelical, membrane-localized receptors for hormones, drugs and neurotransmitters that activate a diverse and smaller subset of effectors, including adenylylcyclases, phospholipases and various ion channels. The expression and functional status of G-protein-linked receptors is highly regulated. Expression is controlled largely by activation or repression of the genes encoding the receptors, balanced by post-transcriptional mechanisms such as destabilization of receptor mRNA. Agonist-induced down-regulation of receptors involves both transcriptional and post-transcriptional controls. Gene structure reveals details of promoters as well as determinants for mRNA stability. Post-translational regulation of G-protein-linked receptors is dominated by protein phosphorylation. G-protein-linked receptors are substrates not only for protein kinase A, protein kinase C and receptor-specific kinases, but also for growth factor receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Recent advances in the study of β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) illuminate new dynamic features of receptor regulation, central to our understanding of neurobiology.
A Phase Transition for the Distribution of Matching Blocks

We show distributional results for the length of the longest matching consecutive subsequence between two independent sequences A1, A2, …, Am and B1, B2, …, Bn whose letters are taken from a finite alphabet. We assume that A1, A2, … are i.i.d. with distribution μ and B1, B2, … are i.i.d. with distribution ν. It is known that if μ and v are not too different, the Chen–Stein method for Poisson approximation can be used to establish distributional results. We extend these results beyond the region where the Chen–Stein method was previously successful. We use a combination of ‘matching by patterns’ results obtained by Arratia and Waterman [1], and the Chen–Stein method to show that the Poisson approximation can be extended. Our method explains how the matching is achieved. This provides an explanation for the formulas in Arratia and Waterman [1] and thus answers one of the questions posed in comment F19 in Aldous [2]. Furthermore, in the case where the alphabet consists of only two letters, the phase transition observed by Arratia and Waterman [1] for the strong law of large numbers extends to the distributional result. We conjecture that this phase transition on the distributional level holds for any finite alphabet.
150 GHz Complementary Anti-Parallel Diode Frequency Tripler in 130 nm CMOS

The first complementary anti-parallel Schottky diode frequency tripler in CMOS is demonstrated. The tripler exhibits ~34-dB minimum conversion loss, -24-dBm maximum output power at 150 GHz, and 3 db output frequency range of ~10 GHz.