cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of early weaning and prolonged nursing on development of the rat pancreas.

Summary: Pancreatic development was studied in rats 17–28 days of age. Control pups, weaned naturally at 21–24 days showed a gradual increase in body weight, pancreatic weight, total DNA and protein content with age. Pups weaned at 17 days showed a transient increase in pancreatic weight and protein content only at day 22; at no time did they show a difference in either DNA content or body weight. Pups nursed up to 25 days of age had a smaller body weight, but had DNA and protein content similar to control rats. Control pups showed gradual increases in lipase and trypsinogen with a sharp increase in amylase between days 22 and 25. Pups weaned at 17 days showed a precocious increase in trypsinogen and a sharp increase in amylase between days 19–22, but an immediate decrease in lipase which eventually returned to the control level at day 28. Pups nursed beyond the weaning stage showed an increase in lipase and trypsinogen but no sharp increase in amylase. A significant increase in all pancreatic enzymes, pancreatic mass, pancreatic DNA and protein content was seen in all groups of rats irrespective of their diet. The results suggest an inherent biological program as a basic control of pancreatic ontogeny with diet playing a modifying role. Speculation: Significant increases in pancreatic hydrolases occur with weaning. The laboratory chow used for weaning is low in fat and high in carbohydrate in contrast to milk which is high in fat and low in carbohydrate. Increases in some pancreatic hydrolases are dependent on the dietary transition. Early weaning will prematurely induce and prolonged nursing will delay the increase of these enzymes.
Airway management: a new look at old models

Two methods for modifying standard orotracheal intubation models, in order to teach and practice special airway management skills, are described. Using these quick and inexpensive manipulations, an intubation manikin can be modified for use as a teaching model for standard nasotracheal intubation techniques as well as both orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation with a lighted stylet.
Nutritional Depletion of the Aquaculture Feed Organisms Euterpina acutifrons, Artemia sp. and Brachionus plicatilis During Starvation

The nutritional quality of the harpacticoid copepod Euterpina acutifrons, freshly-hatched Artemita nauplii, juvenile and adult Artemia, and the rotifer Brachionus plictatilis, in fed and starved conditions, was evaluated through the use of ratios of dry weight to wet weight (DW/WW), ash-free dry weight to dry weight (AFDW/DW), calories per mg ash-free dry weight (cal/mg AFDW), and carbon to nitrogen by weight (C/N). E. acutifrons had in nearly all cases the highest values of DW/WW, AFDW/DW, and cal/mg AFDW. Calculated losses in caloric content per unit of wet weight (cal/mg WW) during one day's starvation were similar among species, ranging from 3 to 52 percent. C/N ratios were less variable, but also reflected starvation-related changes indicating depletion of C relative to N, which is consistent With depletion of lipids and carbohydrates relative to protein. Because little or no change in caloric density of organic material (cal/mg AFDW) was observed in any species under either condition, decreases in caloric content of wet weight or of individuals were due to decreases in DW/WW and AFDW/DW. Caloric content and carbon content were related by the factor 11.3 cal/mg C. Starvation-related losses in the nutritional value of forage organisms can be important in larval rearing systems.
Analytical dynamics of mechanisms—a computer oriented overview

Abstract General-purpose computer programs such as IMP, DRAM, MEDUSA and DYMAC, for the solution of inertia-variant (linkage-type) mechanisms are beginning to emerge. These programs, which automatically generate, and numerically integrate, the equations of motions, are based upon different but related analytical and numerical principles. There has also been much recent discussion of “influence coefficient” methods, energy methods and related matters. This paper reviews the various principles and techniques available for formulating the equations of motion, for integrating them numerically, and for solving the associated kinetostatic problem for the determination of bearing reactions. The relative advantages of vector methods, d'Alembert's Principle, Lagrange's Equations with and without multipliers, Hamilton's Equations, Virtual work, and energy methods are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on how well-suited the various methods are to the automatic generation of the equations of motion, and to the form and order of the systems of differential equations they lead to. It is shown how velocity ratios, influence coefficients, centripetal coefficients, generalized inertia coefficients, and Christoffel symbols interrelate the various methods, and tie them to classical results of Analytical Dynamics such as the “explicit” equations of motion and the power-balance principle. Methods for solving both the general dynamics problem, and the kinetostatic problem, are reviewed, and the particular methods of implementation used in the recently developed general-purpose computer programs, and in other recent literature, are described.
Evaluation of organic matter and nutrient composition of partially decomposed and composted spent pig litter.

Abstract Characterization of soil‐applied organic material is necessary in order to clarify the nature of the organic matter and nutrients in it In this study, the organic matter and nutrient contents of the spent pig litter (a mixture of partially decomposed pig manure and sawdust) was characterized before and after windrow composting to: (1) determine their changes during composting, and (2) assess the suitability of the composted spent litter as a soil amendment Results demonstrated mat the time required to teach maturity, and the composition of composted spent litter, depended on the chemical properties of the initial compost feedstock as well as the compost strategies used during composting. Total N, P, and K concentrations of the composted litter depended on chemical properties of the initial material. On the other hand, ON ratio, humic and fulvic add and cation‐exchange capacity were influenced by differences in composition of the initial spent litter and composting strategy. If moisture content wa...
Managing the Embedded Multinational: A Business Network View

It has long been recognized that controlling complex organizations like multinational enterprises (MNEs) is a multi-dimensional problem. Efficient organizational structures based on Coasian transaction costs often run afoul of individual or sub-unit goals, resulting in vertical conflicts between headquarters and subsidiaries (Nohria and Ghoshal, 1994). Further, horizontal competition among subsidiaries intent on promoting their own strategic agendas within the MNE results in internecine competition over resources and consequent rents (Mudambi and Navarra, 2004). Thus, the resulting organization and control structures of MNEs are the outcome of political processes where ‘power explains results when the organization sacrifices efficiency to serve special interests’ (Williamson and Ouchi, 1981). The network view of the MNE, built up over the years by the Uppsala school, is based on the essential recognition of the political aspects of the MNE, that is, ‘the political perspective stresses the fact that a great deal of the market knowledge … so important in explaining the internationalization process is controlled by subsidiaries rather than by the parent company’ (Forsgren, 1989). The current book sheds further light on the politics of the MNE by developing and extending the notion of embeddedness. It demonstrates that the Uppsala school remains fecund – a continuing source of new ideas on the cutting edge of IB research. Charles Dhanaraj's critical review provides an excellent dissection of the book, highlighting its pioneering aspects and linking it to methodologically rigorous mainstream research in management and sociology. Ram Mudambi JIBS Book Review Editor References Forsgren, M. (1989) Managing the Internationalization Process: The Swedish Case, Routledge: London. Mudambi, R. and Navarra, P. (2004) ‘Is knowledge power? Knowledge flows, subsidiary power and rent-seeking within MNCs’, Journal of International Business Studies 35(5): 385–406. Nohria, N. and Ghoshal, S. (1994) ‘Differentiated fit and shared values: alternatives for managing headquarters-subsidiary relations’, Strategic Management Journal 15(6): 491–502. Williamson, O.E. and Ouchi, W.G. (1981) ‘The markets and hierarchies program of research: origins, implications, prospects’, in A.E. Van de Ven and W.F. Joyce (eds.) Perspectives on Organization Design and Behavior, John Wiley: New York.
Improved p-n heterojunction solar cells employing thin film organic semiconductors

Abstract Scanning of organic dye pairs suitable for the fabrication of p-n heterojunction solar cells has led to the fabrication of new structures with improved response. The choice of dyes as well as the proper hierarchy among the materials in the cells was suggested by the electronic and optical dye characteristics so that more of the excitons generated by the absorbed quanta were delivered at the dye-dye interface. The cells were fabricated by vacuum evaporation of thin (200–400 A) dye layers on tin oxide covered glass. Both old and newly synthesized organic semiconductors were used. The major drawback of the one-dye cells used in the past is the limitation on the portion of the solar spectrum covered by the dye absorption spectrum. In the p-n heterojunction cells studied here this limitation has been successfully overcome and full visible solar spectrum coverage has been achieved. Internal current generation quantum efficiencies of the order of 7% have been demonstrated. Overall solar cell efficiencies of these structures, which are not thickness optimized, are still in the area of 0.1%. This is twice as high as the values previously reported for some p-n junction solar cells with organic semiconductors that did not take dye hierarchy and loss of energy through internal molecular transitions into account.
Effect of Energy and Protein Level on Cage Layers

ABSTRACT HILL and co-workers (1954) reported that high energy diets fed to laying hens produced a marked reduction in the amount of feed required per dozen eggs produced over a range of 740 to 930 Calories per pound of diet. It was reported by Thayer (1953) that niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and folic acid levels should be increased in high energy laying diets to obtain maximum egg production and feed utilization. However, Berg and Bearse (1956) were unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect from added levels of these vitamins to either low or high energy laying diets (1,148 and 1,331 Calories of metabolizable energy per pound). It was noted that the higher energy diets promoted weight gains which were proportionately greater than produced at the lower energy level with both New Hampshire and White Leghorn hens. Walker et al. (1951) reported the plasma lipid values of laying hens fed a low-energy . . .
A technique to fabricate a customized interim removable partial denture.

Interim removable partial dentures can provide esthetic relief and essential functionality for patients before and during the fabrication of final prostheses. Various materials and techniques can be used for fabricating interim removable partial dentures. Using visible light-polymerized materials, a technique to fabricate a customized interim removable partial denture is described. This technique is fast, easy, and cost effective, yet it provides an acceptable esthetic result for the patient. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;102:187-190)
Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm in the Elite Athlete

The term exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) describes the acute transient airway narrowing that occurs during and most often after exercise in 10 to 50% of elite athletes, depending upon the sport examined. Although multiple factors are unquestionably involved in the EIB response, airway drying caused by a high exercise-ventilation rate is primary in most cases. The severity of this reaction reflects the allergic predisposition of the athlete, the water content of the inspired air, the type and concentration of air pollutants inspired, and the intensity (or ventilation rate) of the exercise. The highest prevalence of EIB is seen in winter-sport populations, where athletes are chronically exposed to cold dry air and/or environmental pollutants found in indoor ice arenas. When airway surface liquid lost during the natural warming and humidification process of respiration is not replenished at a rate equal to the loss, the ensuing osmolarity change stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators and results in bronchospasm; this cascade of events is exacerbated by airway inflammation and airway remodelling. The acute EIB response is characterised by airway smooth muscle contraction, membrane swelling, and/or mucus plug formation. Evidence suggests that histamine, leukotrienes and prostanoids are likely mediators for this response. Although the presence of symptoms and a basic physical examination are marginally effective, objective measures of lung function should be used for accurate and reliable diagnosis of EIB. Diagnosis should include baseline spirometry, followed by an appropriate bronchial provocation test. To date, the best test to confirm EIB may simply be standard pulmonary function testing before and after high-intensity dry air exercise. A 10% post-challenge fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second is used as diagnostic criteria. The goal of medical intervention is to limit EIB exacerbation and allow the athlete to train and compete symptom free. This is attempted through daily controller medications such as inhaled corticosteroids or by the prophylactic use of medications before exercise. In many cases, EIB is difficult to control. These and other data suggest that EIB in the elite athlete is in contrast with classic asthma.
Determination of reduced and oxidized homocysteine and related thiols in plasma by thiol-specific pre-column derivatization and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

A new sensitive and rapid capillary electrophoresis (CE) assay for measuring reduced and oxidized thiols in human plasma has been developed. To prevent oxidation of the thiols, whole blood was immediately centrifuged after collection and the plasma proteins were precipitated with perchloric acid. The reduced thiols in the supernatant were derivatized quantitatively at 25°C, pH 7.5 with a fluorescent reagent, fluorescein-5-maleimide (FM). The total plasma concentration of thiols, including the fraction coupled to proteins, was assayed after an initial reduction of the disulfide linkage in plasma with dithiothreitol. The separation of FM-thiols was performed in an acetonitrile/10 mM sodium phosphate–50 mM SDS buffer [25:75 (v/v); pH 7.0] using a fused-silica capillary (57 cm×75 μm I.D.) at 45°C. A 3-mW argon-ion laser (λex 488 nm/λem 520 nm) was employed for FM-thiol detection. With the electric field of 530 V/cm, the time needed for the separation of FM-homocysteine, FM-glutathione and FM-N-acetylcysteine was less than 8 min. The lower limit of detection was 3 μM for the total thiols and 10 nM for the reduced thiols. The method was applied to the determination of homocysteine levels in plasma from patients with end-stage renal disease.
Predicting perfectionism: applying tests of rigidity.

Adult college students (N = 108; M age = 24.3 years old) completed multidimensional measures of perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially-prescribed perfectionism) and behavioral rigidity (attitudinal flexibility, psychomotor speed, and motor-cognitive rigidity). Attitudinal flexibility was negatively related to all three forms of perfectionism, and motor-cognitive rigidity was positively related to self-oriented perfectionism. Multiple regression analyses indicated that attitude flexibility and motor-cognitive rigidity were significant predictors of self-oriented perfectionism, while attitude-flexibility alone was the significant predictor of socially-prescribed perfectionism. No measure of rigidity was a significant predictor of other-oriented perfectionism. Thus, dimensions of perfectionism may be predicted with different measures of cognitive-behavioral rigidity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Illicit cocaine use patterns in intravenous-naive cocaine users following investigational intravenous cocaine administration.

This study evaluated whether cocaine use patterns changed following investigational intravenous cocaine administration to intravenous-naive cocaine users. Subjects were respondents to a follow-up survey who had participated in one to three intravenous double-blind cocaine (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) administration studies. The group included healthy men (n=17) and women (n=8) with histories of occasional cocaine use (lifetime self-reported use of 12±12 (mean±S.D.) exposures, primarily via nasal insufflation) who were recontacted an average of 39 weeks (range 7–107 weeks) after study participation. The recontacted group constituted 45% of the total eligible sample of 55 subjects. Baseline demographics for the recontacted and non-recontacted (n=30) samples were similar, suggesting that the recontacted sample was representative of the group as a whole. Investigational cocaine exposure did not induce adverse health events in any subject. Self-reported cocaine use estimates obtained at follow-up were compared to baseline estimates obtained with identical questionnaires and were highly concordant (Spearman rank correlation ρ=0.52 and 0.78, respectively; P<0.02 and <0.0002, respectively). This suggests that participants provided stable and reliable reports of cocaine use. No subject reported either illicit intravenous cocaine use or altered frequency of illicit cocaine use by the customary route after investigational intravenous cocaine exposure. These data suggest that illicit cocaine use frequencies and routes of administration are not altered following investigational intravenous cocaine administration to healthy, occasional cocaine users.
Raman Spectra in Atmospheres Surrounding Metallic Arcs

THE spectrum of the mercury are in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide at a pressure of 6 cm. of mercury contains two faint lines coinciding in position with the two Raman lines recorded by Rasetti (NATURE, Feb. 9, 1929). Our spectrogram was taken in connexion with a study of the spectrum of the mercury arc (Fig. 1) in atmospheres of foreign gases (Indian Jour. Phys. iv. 2, pp. 179-193; 1929):
Development of an electronic medical record-based algorithm to identify patients with unknown HIV status

Individuals with unknown HIV status are at risk for undiagnosed HIV, but practical and reliable methods for identifying these individuals have not been described. We developed an algorithm to identify patients with unknown HIV status using data from the electronic medical record (EMR) of a large health care system. We developed EMR-based criteria to classify patients as having known status (HIV-positive or HIV-negative) or unknown status and applied these criteria to all patients seen in the affiliated health care system from 2008 to 2012. Performance characteristics of the algorithm for identifying patients with unknown HIV status were calculated by comparing a random sample of the algorithm's results to a reference standard medical record review. The algorithm classifies all patients as having either known or unknown HIV status. Its sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with unknown status are 99.4% (95% CI: 96.5-100%) and 95.2% (95% CI: 83.8-99.4%), respectively, with positive and negative predictive values of 98.7% (95% CI: 95.5-99.8%) and 97.6% (95% CI: 87.1-99.1%), respectively. Using commonly available data from an EMR, our algorithm has high sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with unknown HIV status. This algorithm may inform expanded HIV testing strategies aiming to test the untested.
XPS, UPS and thermal desorption studies of the reactions of formaldehyde and formic acid with the Cu(110) surface

Formaldehyde adsorbs on the clean copper (110) surface in a weakly bound state which interacts with the metal primarily through its most weakly bound orbital, the in-plane orbital composed mainly of O(2p). When oxygen is preadsorbed on the surface, the X-ray photoelectron spectrum clearly shows the formation of two distinct species when formaldehyde is subsequently adsorbed. One species is formaldehyde as on the clean surface and the other is H2CO2. The latter species decomposes at around 230 K, leaving the formate, HCOO, which then decomposes at 500 K, to produce H2 and CO2. The formate species is also produced by the adsorption of DCOOH on Cu(110) at 400 K. At 140 K formic acid adsorbs molecularly but UPS indicates that its molecular structure is already strongly perturbed by adsorption; dissociation of the acid hydrogen takes place during heating at around 250 K. Oxygen preadsorption increases the amount of formate produced from formic acid, abstracting the acid hydrogen atoms to produce H2O.
Central and peripheral vagal mechanisms involved in gastric protection against ethanol injury

Activation of medullary thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), at a dose subthreshold to increase gastric acid secretion, protects the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury through vagal cholinergic pathways in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Peripheral mediators involve the efferent function of capsaicin-sensitive splanchnic afferents leading to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent gastric vasodilatory mechanisms. In addition, gastric prostaglandins participate in gastric protection through mechanisms independent of the stimulation of gastric mucosal blood flow and mucus secretion. Medullary TRH has physiological relevance in the vagal-dependent adaptive gastric protection induced by mild (acid or ethanol), followed by strong, irritants. Additional neuropeptides, namely peptide YY (PYY), somatostatin analogues, CGRP and adrenomedullin, also act in the brainstem to induce a vagal-dependent gastric protection against ethanol through interactions with their specific receptors in the medulla. Central PYY and adrenomedullin act through vagal cholinergic prostaglandins and NO pathways, while somatostatin analogue acts through vagal non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic vasoactive intestinal peptide and NO mechanisms. Although their biological relevance is still to be established, these peptides provide additional tools to investigate the multiple vagal-dependent mechanisms which increase the resistance of the gastric mucosa to injury.
Primary malignant melanoma of the tongue. A case report and review of the literature

A case report of primary melanoma of the dorsum of the tongue is presented with histological documentation of junctional changes in the epithelium. Review of the literature revealed only 3 previously reported cases of melanoma occurring in this location.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Margaret Herrick Library Special Collections

Blue skies, sunshine, palm trees, cruising down Sunset Boulevard … I feel like I can only be heading to one place, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences’ Margaret Herrick Library, located...
Food intake suppression induced by fourth ventricular CCK and MTII but not oxytocin and bombesin is partially mediated by activation of the ERK intracellular signaling cascade.

Our previous work suggests that the caudal brainstem mechanisms of food satiation may involve signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 cascade in a population of nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) neurons. Peripheral administration of CCK and fourth ventricular injection of the stable MC4-receptor agonist MTII led to rapid phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in specific neurons, and CCK as well as MTII-induced suppression of food intake in fasted rats was significantly attenuated by fourth ventricular administration of U0126, a blocker of ERK-phosphorylation. Here, we tested the ability of U0126 to attenuate the satiating effects of oxytocin and bombesin/GRP two other natural ligands that may suppress food intake in the dorsal vagal complex through their hypothalamus-NTS projections. Both, oxytocin (2ig in 4 V) and bombesin (25 ng in 4 V) suppressed food intake similarly in vehicle and U0126-pretreated rats (30 min intake oxytocin: −2.1 and −2.9 g; bombesin: −2.05 and −2.9 g, respectively; all decreases significant, p
THE FOREIGN VISIT SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING ITS USEFULNESS

Abstract Les visites a l'etranger: quelques propositions pour augmenter leur utilite. -L'auteur suggere quelques idees pour augmenter l'utilite pour les psychologues des visiles a l'etranger; il propose plus specialement, que les institutions preparent des textes qui donnent a l'avance a ceux qui envisagent de telles visites, des informations detaillees sur l'espace disponible, l'equipement statistique, l'atelier et les services generaux des laboratoires ainsi que sur les possibilites d'obtenir des sujets, sur les bibliotheques, etc … Il note qu'il est important que le visiteur puisse s'orienter le plus tot possible, que l'on public des informations sur la presence des visiteurs et souligne enfin la necessite d'etudier empiriquement les effets qu'ont les visites a l'etranger sur les echanges internationaux qui s'ensuivent pour les participants.
Measuring the Wavefront Distortion of a Microlens Array Using an Index Matching Liquid

This paper describes a method in which the overall geometry and form errors of each lens in a microlens array are measured simultaneously by the use of a planar wave.
THE CHALLENGES AND PROMISES OF CLASS AND RACIAL DIVERSITY IN THE WOMEN'S MOVEMENT A Study of Two Women's Organizations

This article demonstrates how class and racial dynamics generate different styles of activism among women's movement organizations. Based on a comparative study of two feminist organizations—one composed of lower-class women of color and another of upper-class white women—it charts the formation of divergent types of gender politics. First, it explores how differences in the class and racial backgrounds of the memberships create distinct organizational needs; second, how these divergent political interests motivate contrasting organizational ideologies, activities, and structures; and finally how they motivate different approaches to the wider women's movement. At the conclusion, implications are drawn for cross-class/race alliances among grassroots women's organizations.
Probable Essential Thrombocythemia in a Dog

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) in an 11-year-old dog was characterized by persistently high platelet counts (range, 4.19 X 10(6)/microliters to 4.95 X 10(6)/microliters, abnormal platelet morphology, marked megakaryocytic hyperplasia in the bone marrow, absence of circulating megakaryoblasts, and history of splenomegaly and gastrointestinal bleeding. Increased numbers of megakaryocytes and megakaryoblasts (15% to 20%) in the bone marrow were confirmed by a positive acetylcholinesterase reaction. Another significant finding was the presence of a basophilia in blood (4,836/microliters) and bone marrow. The marked persistent thrombocytosis, absence of reactive (secondary) thrombocytosis, abnormal platelet morphology, and quantitative and qualitative changes in the megakaryocytic series in the bone marrow suggested the presence of a myeloproliferative disease. Cytochemical and ultrastructural findings aided in the diagnosis of ET. The dog was treated with radiophosphorus. The results was a rapid decline in the numbers of megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and platelets and basophils in the peripheral blood. The dog died unexpectedly of acute necrotizing pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus before a complete remission was achieved.
An Initial Investigation of Translucency, Transparency, and Component Complexity of Blissymbolics:

Blissymbols are currently being used by a variety of special education programs for children and adults with communication impairments. However, there is little available research on the learnability of such systems in general, and the Bliss system in particular. The present study was designed to answer some basic questions about the psycholinguistic and learning characteristics of blissymbols. Two hundred symbols (14% of all existing symbols) were rated by college students for their inherent guessability (transparency) and also for the amount of perceived relationship between the symbol (translucency) and the symbol's meaning (gloss). The results indicate that the blissymbols are low in iconicity but that they are relatively translucent, and that translucency is related to component complexity. These findings are related to the learnability of the symbols and represent the first steps toward the development of a primary lexicon based on learnability characteristics in conjunction with other features.
AN ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY BASED CHILD ACCIDENT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM: IS IT POSSIBLE?

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the possibility of setting up a database on childhood accidents within an accident and emergency (A&E) department. DESIGN--A proforma detailing epidemiological details about the child and details of the injury was designed and tested for accuracy. It was completed in parallel with the existing case documentation. A retrospective sample was analysed after completion of the study to determine times when data collection was poorest. SETTING--Regional paediatric hospital (total catchment population c. 500,000). RESULTS--Of 13,958 patients in whom full information was available, 65% had all the information available on the forms. Areas of discrepancy in the remainder included (1) transposition of date and time of injury with date and time of attendance (73%), (2) wrong coding (11%), (3) illegible digits (6%), (4) inaccurate data entry to computer (6%). Form completion was worst between 1800 hours and midnight. CONCLUSIONS--Data collection is feasible in the A&E department and is a necessary step in effective child accident prevention. It should be done using real time entry onto computer systems. Additional audit staff must be employed to ensure data collection is as complete as possible as close to the time of the initial attendance as possible. Regular analysis of the findings is essential.
Cytopathology of serous neoplasia of the ovary and the peritoneum : Differential diagnosis from mesothelial proliferations

Serous neoplasia of the ovary ranges from benign adenomas through serous borderline tumors to invasive serous adenocarcinoma. This spectrum of neoplasia is at least partially reflected in the cytomorphologic features of the lesions. The objective of this study is to review the cytopathology of serous neoplasia of the ovary. In addition, cytologic features of serous surface papillary carcinoma and its distinction from peritoneal mesothelial proliferations are discussed.
Characterization of Wintertime Reactive Oxygen Species Concentrations in Flushing, New York

One of the main hypotheses for the species causing the observed health effects of ambient particulate matter is peroxides and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, there is currently very little data available on the concentrations of particle-bound ROS or their behavior in different physical locations and seasons. The concentrations of particle-bound ROS were determined for various size fractions of the aerosol, ranging from 10 nm to 18 μ m, in Flushing, New York during the period of January and early February 2004. Sampling was carried out at 3-hour intervals using a MOUDI™ cascade impactor. The collected particles were treated with the non-fluorescent probe dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) that fluoresces when oxidized by the presence of ROS. The measured fluorescent intensities were converted into equivalent hydrogen peroxide concentrations, which were used as indicators of ROS reactivity, by calibrations using H 2 O 2 standards. Diurnal profiles of the ROS concentrations were obtained. Correlations ...
Two different domains of the luciferase gene in the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans occur as two separate genes in photosynthetic species

Noctiluca scintillans, a heterotrophic unarmored unicellular bioluminescent dinoflagellate, occurs widely in the oceans, often as a bloom. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences consistently has placed this species on the basal branch of dinoflagellates. Here, we report that the structural organization of its luciferase gene is strikingly different from that of the seven luminous species previously characterized, all of which are photosynthetic. The Noctiluca gene codes for a polypeptide that consists of two distinct but contiguous domains. One, which is located in the N-terminal portion, is shorter than but similar in sequence to the individual domains of the three-domain luciferases found in all other luminous dinoflagellates studied. The other, situated in the C-terminal part, has sequence similarity to the luciferin-binding protein of the luminous dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum, encoded there by a separate gene. Western analysis shows that the native protein has the same size (≈100 kDa) as the heterologously expressed polypeptide, indicating that it is not a polyprotein. Thus, sequences found in two proteins in the L. polyedrum bioluminescence system are present in a single polypeptide in Noctiluca.
Polyreactivity and antigen specificity of human xenoreactive monoclonal and serum natural antibodies.

Naturally occurring antibodies that react with xenogeneic antigens are a clinically important subset of antibodies because they initiate hyperacute rejection of organs transplanted between disparate species. This currently precludes the use of nonprimate organs for human transplantation. Most antibodies that arise after immunization are monoreactive, i.e., bind only to the immunogen. Similarly, some "natural" antibodies, e.g., isohemagglutinins, bind in a monoreactive manner. In contrast, other natural antibodies, e.g., those that bind to actin, are polyreactive (i.e., bind to multiple ligands). Such polyreactive antibodies may be derived predominantly from CD5+ B cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the majority of xenoreactive natural antibodies in human serum are polyreactive, as indicated by the ability of ssDNA and thyroglobulin (ligands commonly used as targets of polyreactive antibodies) to block the binding of the antibodies to xenogeneic antigens, whereas these ligands could not block the binding of antitetanus antibodies to tetanus toxoid. Furthermore, we compared the ability of 8 polyreactive and 7 monoreactive human mAb to bind to porcine antigens. All of the polyreactive mAb reacted with porcine antigens at mAb concentrations less than 3 micrograms/ml, while none of the monoreactive mAb reacted at concentrations less than 3 micrograms/ml. Each polyreactive mAb reacted with partially overlapping, but distinct sets of porcine cell surface moieties. These results indicate that human polyreactive mAb can bind to multiple xenogeneic antigens in a selective manner and that xenoreactive natural antibodies in human serum are largely polyreactive.
A survey of energy-efficient scheduling mechanisms in sensor networks

Sensor networks have a wide range of potential, practical and useful applications. However, there are issues that need to be addressed for efficient operation of sensor network systems in real applications. Energy saving is one critical issue for sensor networks since most sensors are equipped with nonrechargeable batteries that have limited lifetime. To extend the lifetime of a sensor network, one common approach is to dynamically schedule sensors' work/ sleep cycles (or duty cycles). Moreover, in cluster-based networks, cluster heads are usually selected in a way that minimizes the total energy consumption and they may rotate among the sensors to balance energy consumption. In general, these energy-efficient scheduling mechanisms (also called topology configuration mechanisms) need to satisfy certain application requirements while saving energy. In this paper, we provide a survey on energy-efficient scheduling mechanisms in sensor networks that have different design requirements than those in traditional wireless networks. We classify these mechanisms based on their design assumptions and design objectives. Different mechanisms may make different assumptions about their sensors including detection model, sensing area, transmission range, failure model, time synchronization, and the ability to obtain location and distance information. They may also have different assumptions about network structure and sensor deployment strategy. Furthermore, while all the mechanisms have a common design objective to maximize network lifetime, they may also have different objectives determined by their target applications.
Measurements of nitrogen productivity in the equatorial Pacific

During the R/V Wecoma WEC88 cruise that sampled a meridional transect along 150 deg W from 15 deg N to 15 deg S, uptake of nitrate and ammonium by phytoplankton was measured using the stable isotope N-15 with simulated in-situ bottle incubations and shipboard mass spectrometry. A set of 25 daily productivity stations showed the influence of equatorial upwelling on nitrate distribution and N-15 uptake in a band from 6 deg N to 7.5 deg S compared with the oligotrophic waters to the north and south, with the highest values of nitrate uptake occurring at the equator. During a 5-day time series at the equator, there was an increase in nitrate accompanied by increased nitrate uptake. Interestingly, nitrate uptake rates (equivalent to new production rates) at the equator were lower than those predicted by previous investigators. Holdover experiments and uptake versus irradiance curves showed that the phytoplankton was in an early stage of metabolic adaptation and that can be a contributing factor.
Open reduction and internal fixation versus hemiarthroplasty in the management of proximal humerus fractures

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to use a nationally representative database to determine the differences in 30-day outcomes based on procedure type for management of proximal humerus fract...
Atomoxetine-induced hepatitis in a child.

Objective. To report a case of hepatitis associated with atomoxetine hydrochloride use and to describe the previously-unpublished severe cases of this syndrome. Case summary. An eight-year-old female with attention deficient hyperactive disorder (ADHD) was treated with atomoxetine hydrochloride. She complained of increased abdominal pain and occasional emesis; her transaminases and bilirubin were markedly elevated. She was admitted to a tertiary-care pediatric hospital and treated for drug-induced hepatitis. Atomoxetine was discontinued and supportive care was instituted. A liver biopsy showed hepatitis with moderate piecemeal necrosis. Clinical status and liver function tests improved over 13 days of hospitalization. Discussion. To our knowledge this is the first published severe case of atomoxetine-induced hepatitis. The International Organization of Medical Science Diagnostic Scale and the Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale by Naranjo et al. were applied to assess causality. Both scales indicated ...
Two-Particle Interactions in Deformed Nuclei

Effects of two-particle interactions in deformed nuclei are considered. The deformed nucleus is assumed to be replaced by a set of particles in a cylindrically symmetric harmonic oscillator potential, while the two-particle interaction is assumed to be of $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function type. Fairly extensive calculations are performed in diagonalizing the interaction energies which exist between particles lying in degenerate levels in the above-mentioned potential. The characteristic energies and the explicit form of the eigenfunctions are tabulated. In particular it is noticed that the seniority number is a good quantum number for this sort of interaction. Several important features of the results are discussed, including the matrix elements of the $E2$ transitions.
Validation of HADES-based simulations of radiographic experiments

As a part of a code validation study, we have compared radiographic simulations generated using the HADES code against experimental measurements of a set of common materials of known composition and density: graphite, Teflon, Delrin, magnesium, silicon, titanium, and water cylinders. HADES calculations show good agreement with radiograph measurements. Discrepancies between simulation and experimental data are analyzed. Sources of error and future model improvement are discussed.
Two-Year Follow-Up of Bibliotherapy and Individual Cognitive Therapy for Depressed Older Adults

This study examined the stability of treatment gains after receiving either cognitive bibliotherapy or individual cognitive psychotherapy for depression in older adults. A 2-year follow-up of 23 participants from Floyd, Scogin, McKendree-Smith, Floyd, and Rokke (2004) was conducted by comparing pre-and posttreatment scores with follow-up scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results indicated that treatment gains from baseline to the 2-year follow-up period were maintained on the HRSD and GDS, and there was not a significant decline from posttreatment to follow-up. There were no significant differences between the treatments on the GDS or HRSD at the 2-year follow-up; however, bibliotherapy participants had significantly more recurrences of depression during the follow-up period.
Optical properties of Ge-Si alloys and superlattices

Abstract Ge-Si alloys and heterostructures form a simple, non-polar system of materials in which both strain and ordering on an atomic scale play important roles in determining the energy band structure. In this review, the optical properties of both strained and unstrained Ge-Si alloys are reviewed with particular emphasis on the methods of absorption, electro-reflectance and Raman scattering which have been used to characterize these materials. Ge-Si superlattices with periodicities of a few atomic monolayers are now known to have properties quite distinct from those of Ge-Si alloys. Measurements of absorption, electro-reflectance and photo-luminescence have produced complementary supporting evidence for the existence of a direct band gap in certain Ge-Si superlattices.
The effects of photoperiod, A-23187 and PTZ on the habitat salinity adaptation of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin)

Abstract 1. 1. Electrical stimulation and DOPA decarboxylase activities were studied in Crassostrea virginica maintained at 30‰ habitat salinity. 2. 2. Exposure to light significantly reduced the effectiveness of the electrical stimulation and 30‰ habitat acclimation. However, periods of exposure to darkness had the opposite result. Recovery to the 30‰ habitat ctenidial ciliary rate was significantly faster (more than 2 × ) in animals dissected and then maintained in darkness during the acclimation period. 3. 3. Acclimation time of dark-dissected ctenidial preparation was significantly increased in the presence of A-23187 (a calcium cell membrane pore facilitator) or PTZ (a cytosomal calcium releasor). The latter treatment exhibited only about a 65% recovery to the control basal rate of beating. 4. 4. This study elucidates a cytosomal role in the acclimation process via a neuronal regulatory mechanism controlling ciliary activity on the ctenidium. Cytosomes could conceivably furnish an extension of the transport activity of the plasma membrane to bring about a sophisticated microscopic control of solute (i.e. calcium) homoeostasis in the cytosol.
Photochromic Properties Of A Pyrene/Methanol Solution

We present the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the photochromic properties of electrons trapped in clusters of polar molecules. We examined the UV fluence dependent visible absorbance of a pyrene/methanol solution with attention given to the kinetic properties of the system, its transient response and fade times, and long term photochemical properties. Preliminary data on dimethyl sulfoxide are also discussed.
Minimizing the normalized sum of square for workload deviations on m parallel processors

In many organizations, it is desirable to distribute workload as equally as possible among a group of employees or machines. This paper proposes a performance measure, that we call the Normalized Sum of Square for Workload Deviations (NSSWD), and studies the problem of how to schedule a set of n jobs on m parallel identical processors in order to minimize the NSSWD. The NSSWD criterion is relevant where uniformity of wear to machines or of workload to employees is desirable. An algorithm, called Workload Balancing (WB), is proposed for solving this problem. Moreover, we perform a simulation experiment to evaluate WB against several well-known heuristics in the literature. Lastly, we discuss the computational results obtained from the simulation experiment.
Detail and Gestalt Focus in Individuals with Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorders

Individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) have a cognitive style that privileges local over global or gestalt details. While not a core symptom of autism, individuals with HFA seem to reliably show this bias. Our lab has been studying a sample of children who have overcome their early ASD diagnoses, showing “optimal outcomes” (OO). This study characterizes performance by OO, HFA, and typically developing (TD) adolescents as they describe paintings under cognitive load. Analyses of detail focus in painting descriptions indicated that the HFA group displayed significantly more local focus than both OO and TD groups, while the OO and TD groups did not differ. We discuss implications for the centrality of detail focus to the autism diagnosis.
Transitional cell papilloma of ureter in young boy

A case of transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is reported in a seven-year-old boy who had a history of severe flank pain and was found to have hydronephrosis of the left kidney. A brief review of the literature has revealed that transitional cell papilloma of the ureter is extremely rare in children.
Photodissociation in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer using a fiber optic interface

Abstract A simple fiber optic interface which allows photodissociation in an ion trap mass spectrometer (ITMS) is reported. Photodissociation efficiencies can exceed 95% with performance in this MS/MS mode being comparable or superior to collision-activated dissociation. Comparison of the two activation techniques in causing dissociation of C3F6+. supports the earlier proposal that F. loss occurs from an isolated, electronically excited state. Photodissociation of protonated benzaldehyde shows a different product ion distribution from the one obtained by collisional activation, an effect which is associated with the method of activation and the amount of energy deposited.