cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serologic response and clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination in children and young adults on chemotherapy for cancer.

Background Influenza is a health risk to children receiving chemotherapy for cancer. An absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) >1,000 cells/mm3 has been associated with the ability to produce an immune response to influenza vaccine during chemotherapy. However, clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination during chemotherapy remains unclear. Procedure We conducted a prospective cohort study in children receiving chemotherapy for cancer during two consecutive influenza seasons. Assessments of immune cells and serologic response were measured immediately before and after receiving influenza vaccine. Patients were monitored for influenza or influenza-like illness (ILI). Results Two hundred fifty-nine patients were studied over 2 years. The seroresponse rate was 62% (98/157). The median ALC at vaccination was higher in seroresponders than nonresponders, 854 cells/mm3 versus 602 cells/mm3, respectively (P < 0.036). Univariate analysis showed that patients with an ALC <1,000 cells/mm3 at the time of vaccination were twice as likely to be sero-nonresponders (P < 0.02, OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.0). Twelve percent (31/259) of patients developed influenza, of whom all had fever at presentation, 26% (8/31) required hospitalization, and 81% (25/31) had chemotherapy delays. No deaths were associated with influenza infection. The proportion of patients with influenza was not different between seroresponders and nonresponders. Conclusions Influenza infection following immunization remains a source of morbidity in children undergoing chemotherapy. Lymphopenia at vaccination predicted sero-nonresponse. Seroresponse was not associated with a decreased frequency of influenza infection or ILI when compared to sero-nonresponders, suggesting clinical effectiveness of vaccination is likely multifactorial. Further investigation into the efficacy of the influenza vaccine is needed to refine immunization recommendations.
Information Integration and the Semantic Web

This short position paper describes the role that the Semantic Web can play in information integration and how the Swoogle Semantic Web search engine can help.
Foreign Branches of American Banks

Like the fabled Hermes American banks have undertaken the great trek, and have moved and extended their field of operations to service a global commerce and travel. This multi-nationalisation could not have proceeded as speedily nor as efficiently as it has in the past decade without resort to the overseas branch. The expansion in number of foreign branches, in number of U.S. banks with foreign branches, and in the assets and deposits held by these branches has been impressive. However, more impressive is the impact this overseas branching has had on the pattern of international bank expansion, the degree of competition, and the channels branching has provided for international short-term capital flows. Foreign branches of American banks provide major links between international financial centres, and permit a more efficient accommodation between the supply and demand for funds in regional sub-markets around the world.
An integral field spectrograph utilizing mirrorlet arrays

An integral field spectrograph (IFS) has been developed that utilizes a new and novel optical design to observe two spatial dimensions simultaneously with one spectral dimension. This design employs an optical 2-D array of reflecting and focusing mirrorlets. This mirrorlet array is placed at the imaging plane of the front-end telescope to generate a 2-D array of tiny spots replacing what would be the slit in a traditional slit spectrometer design. After the mirrorlet in the optical path, a grating on a concave mirror surface will image the spot array and provide high-resolution spectrum for each spatial element at the same time; therefore, the IFS simultaneously obtains the 3-D data cube of two spatial and one spectral dimensions. The new mirrorlet technology is currently in-house and undergoing laboratory testing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Section 1 describes traditional classes of instruments that are used in Heliophysics missions and a quick introduction to the new IFS design. Section 2 discusses the details of the most generic mirrorlet IFS, while section 3 presents test results of a lab-based instrument. An example application to a Heliophysics mission to study solar eruptive events in extreme ultraviolet wavelengths is presented in section 4 that has high spatial resolution (0.5 arc sec pixels) in the two spatial dimensions and high spectral resolution (66 mA) across a 15 A spectral window. Section 4 also concludes with some other optical variations that could be employed on the more basic IFS for further capabilities of this type of instrument.
Edit categories and editor role identification in Wikipedia

In this work, we introduced a corpus for categorizing edit types in Wikipedia. This fine-grained taxonomy of edit types enables us to differentiate editing actions and find editor roles in Wikipedia based on their low-level edit types. To do this, we first created an annotated corpus based on 1,996 edits obtained from 953 article revisions and built machine-learning models to automatically identify the edit categories associated with edits. Building on this automated measurement of edit types, we then applied a graphical model analogous to Latent Dirichlet Allocation to uncover the latent roles in editors’ edit histories. Applying this technique revealed eight different roles editors play, such as Social Networker, Substantive Expert, etc.
Mechanisms and time-resolved dynamics for trihydrogen cation (H 3 + ) formation from organic molecules in strong laser fields

Strong-field laser-matter interactions often lead to exotic chemical reactions. Trihydrogen cation formation from organic molecules is one such case that requires multiple bonds to break and form. We present evidence for the existence of two different reaction pathways for H3 + formation from organic molecules irradiated by a strong-field laser. Assignment of the two pathways was accomplished through analysis of femtosecond time-resolved strong-field ionization and photoion-photoion coincidence measurements carried out on methanol isotopomers, ethylene glycol, and acetone. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest the formation occurs via two steps: the initial formation of a neutral hydrogen molecule, followed by the abstraction of a proton from the remaining CHOH2+ fragment by the roaming H2 molecule. This reaction has similarities to the H2 + H2 + mechanism leading to formation of H3 + in the universe. These exotic chemical reaction mechanisms, involving roaming H2 molecules, are found to occur in the ~100 fs timescale. Roaming molecule reactions may help to explain unlikely chemical processes, involving dissociation and formation of multiple chemical bonds, occurring under strong laser fields.
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 educational assessment of young adults in rural southwest Virginia.

Purpose Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) causes genital herpes, one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the U.S. HSV-1, commonly associated with cold sores, is increasing as a cause of genital herpes. Abstinence-only sexual health classes, commonly taught in Virginia, generate young adults who are under-educated in sexual health, increasing STI risks. College students in southwest Virginia were surveyed to assess comprehensiveness of high school health education regarding HSV-1 and HSV-2 and to identify students’ preferred methods for STI education. Methods To obtain data on knowledge of HSV, comprehensiveness of sexual health education in high school, and preferred learning methods, 237 college students participated in an online questionnaire and 28 students were interviewed using structured interviews. Results Questionnaire and interview data indicated that Family Life Education classes need to include more comprehensive information on prevention, viral transmission, and differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2. The majority of total respondents (both the questionnaire and interview) (65%) reported non-comprehensive high school sexual health education. The majority of interview (79%) and questionnaire (55%) respondents wished they had learned more about herpes and other STIs in high school. Education preferences of both interviewed and surveyed respondents included interactive internet programs or games, more realistic lectures, and learning about STIs later in high school when students reported greater sexual activity. Conclusion Our results indicate that more comprehensive sexual health education is needed and wanted by students in southwest Virginia. More relevant educational programs should be implemented for VA high school students utilizing technology and interactive methods to improve student engagement in sexual health education. Implications and contribution These studies provide information on knowledge of herpes simplex viruses among college students, comprehensiveness of sexual health education received in high schools, and preferred methods to learn about HSV and other STIs. These studies inform the facilitation of improved health education practices and programs for high school and college students.
Binding Isotope Effects for Interrogating Enzyme–Substrate Interactions

Equilibrium binding isotope effects (BIEs) report on the bond vibrational status of enzyme substrates in the Michaelis complex prior to the transition state and how they differ from the solution state. Accordingly, BIEs provide an experimental means of interrogating enzyme-substrate interactions and inform on the influence of enzyme-mediated atomic distortions in modulating substrate reactivity. In this chapter, we outline a rapid equilibrium dialysis method that our lab has used to measure BIEs for several enzyme systems. Implementation of the rapid equilibrium dialysis approach is described in the context of our recent studies on the substrate bonding environment for the human protein lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2. A summary of BIE effects provides context for the range of experimental values.
The Phase-Shift Model of Spontaneous Internal Desynchronization in Humans

A comprehensive and elegant multiple oscillator theory of human circadian rhythms, which I will call the “traditional” theory, has been developed primarily by Wever (Wever 1979, Aschoff and Wever 1976). The strongest evidence for this theory comes from humans in temporal isolation who show “spontaneous internal desynchronization”. A typical case (Fig, 1, top) shows that the temperature and activity rhythms freeran mutually synchronized during the first section of the experiment (A), but became “desynchronized” during the second section (B). The periodograms for the second section showed two periods in each rhythm, one at 25.1 h which was most prominent in the temperature rhythm, and one at 33.4 h which was most prominent in the activity rhythm. In the traditional theory there are basically two oscillators, one primarily controls the temperature rhythm, and the other primarily controls the activity rhythm. During synchronized freeruns the oscillators are mutually synchronized, but during internal desynchronization they uncouple and freerun with their own natural frequencies.
CRT-100.32 Predictors of Procedural Complication During Rotational Atherectomy vs. Orbital Atherectomy in Calcified Coronary Artery Disease: A Contemporary Retrospective Comparative Analysis (ROCC study)

Severe coronary calcification adversely influences success of percutaneous coronary intervention. Rotational atherectomy (RA) (Boston Scientific) and orbital atherectomy (OA) (Diamondback 360® (CSI)) are used to modify plaque and help facilitate stent delivery to improve clinical outcomes. We
The prognostic significance of PDL1 expression in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) treated with definitive intent.

150Background: The PACIFIC trial showed an 11-month (mo) improved median (med) progression-free survival after definitive chemoradiation in LA-NSCLC using the PDL1 inhibitor, durvalumab. This study will likely change practice and puts further emphasis on understanding the significance of immune marker expression in this poor-prognosis disease. Methods: From 1999-2012, pathology specimens from 126 patients (pts) with LA-NSCLC who received combined modality therapy at our institution and had sufficient tissue available were selected for tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemistry for PDL1 (E1L3N), PDL2 (9E5), PD1 (NAT105) and CD3 (F7.2.38) was performed and tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells with moderate or high staining intensity were quantified using Definiens Tissue Studio image analysis software. Univariate and multivariate analyses (MVA) were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Distribution by stage was: IIA-3%, IIB-3%, IIIA-65%, IIIB-29%. Sixty-three percent of pts had surg...
Explicit intervention for Spanish pragmatic development during short‐term study abroad: an examination of learner request production and cognition

The present study examined the impact of pedagogical intervention on students’ request performance during short‐term study abroad (SA). Prior to departure, students received explicit instruction about requests. During their time abroad, they were given tasks to strategically develop their pragmatic competence. Requests were assessed with a discourse completion task. Results indicated that over time the students improved their request performance, as rated by two native Spanish speakers. Examination of the students’ requests revealed that their use of strategies also improved. Retrospective verbal reports (RVRs) performed after the posttests indicated that during second language (L2) Spanish request production, the students attended to politeness, task outcome, and past experiences. In addition, the RVRs indicated that specific sociopragmatic factors and pragmalinguistic strategies targeted during the pragmatic intervention informed learners’ cognition during request planning and production. Findings suggest that when combined with pedagogical intervention, SA has the potential to facilitate students’ L2 pragmatic development.
Wolbachia wStri Blocks Zika Virus Growth at Two Independent Stages of Viral Replication

Mosquito-transmitted viruses are spread globally and present a great risk to human health. Among the many approaches investigated to limit the diseases caused by these viruses are attempts to make mosquitos resistant to virus infection. Coinfection of mosquitos with the bacterium Wolbachia pipientis from supergroup A is a recent strategy employed to reduce the capacity for major vectors in the Aedes mosquito genus to transmit viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Recently, a supergroup B Wolbachia wStri, isolated from Laodelphax striatellus, was shown to inhibit multiple lineages of ZIKV in Aedes albopictus cells. Here, we show that wStri blocks the growth of positive-sense RNA viruses DENV, CHIKV, ZIKV, and yellow fever virus by greater than 99.9%. wStri presence did not affect the growth of the negative-sense RNA viruses LaCrosse virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Investigation of the stages of the ZIKV life cycle inhibited by wStri identified two distinct blocks in viral replication. We found a reduction of ZIKV entry into wStri-infected cells. This was partially rescued by the addition of a cholesterol-lipid supplement. Independent of entry, transfected viral genome was unable to replicate in Wolbachia-infected cells. RNA transfection and metabolic labeling studies suggested that this replication defect is at the level of RNA translation, where we saw a 66% reduction in mosquito protein synthesis in wStri-infected cells. This study's findings increase the potential for application of wStri to block additional arboviruses and also identify specific blocks in viral infection caused by Wolbachia coinfection.IMPORTANCE Dengue, Zika, and yellow fever viruses are mosquito-transmitted diseases that have spread throughout the world, causing millions of infections and thousands of deaths each year. Existing programs that seek to contain these diseases through elimination of the mosquito population have so far failed, making it crucial to explore new ways of limiting the spread of these viruses. Here, we show that introduction of an insect symbiont, Wolbachia wStri, into mosquito cells is highly effective at reducing yellow fever virus, dengue virus, Zika virus, and Chikungunya virus production. Reduction of virus replication was attributable to decreases in entry and a strong block of virus gene expression at the translational level. These findings expand the potential use of Wolbachia wStri to block viruses and identify two separate steps for limiting virus replication in mosquitos that could be targeted via microbes or other means as an antiviral strategy.
A Simple Approach to Conductor Sizing and Prolonging the Thermal Life of Electrical Cables Below 1000 V for Industrial and Commercial Applications

Electrical conductors are, arguably, the most important component of industrial and commercial electrical distribution systems as electrical conductors, or just conductors, facilitate the interconnections between a source (e.g., generator, renewable energy source, utility, electrical distribution panel, etc.) and load (e.g., wall outlet, control panel, motor, etc.). However, for typical electrical system installations, electrical conductors are rarely given the attention deserved. In general, the selection of the conductors becomes a fine balancing act of meeting the minimum National Electric Code (NFPA 70) requirements for minimum ampacity and the economics of choosing aluminum versus copper. This can lead to conditions where conductors are not adequately sized for the conditions they are exposed to, which can result in premature failure of cable insulation. This paper presents a simple approach to proper conductor selection, with an emphasis on maximizing the thermal life of cable insulation.
Affective Disorders in Childhood: A Review and Perspective

Adult type major affective disorders in children have recently received a great deal of clinical and research interest. The preliminary evidence being generated tends to support the existence of these disorders. It is anticipated that in the near future firm clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment will be available. Further research on biological aspects has the potential to significantly advance our knowledge about which markers are intrinsic to depressive disorders at all ages and for subsequent elucidation of specific modes of genetic and/or cultural transmission, which could provide a basis for prophylactic efforts.
Target-Assisted Iterative Screening of Phage Surface Display cDNA Libraries

The novel screening format, target-assisted iterative screening (TAIS), comprises a simple and rapid two-step procedure for in vitro affinity selection of specific binders from enormous molecular diversities to the target molecule of interest. This detailed protocol describes the application of TAIS to a T7 phage-displayed complementary DNA (cDNA) library with a protein domain as a target. Protocols for purification of the target as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein and modifications of the purified target that are required for the screening complement the TAIS protocol. The described application is a method of choice for the researchers interested in the identification and characterization of novel protein-protein interactions mediated by peptide recognition domains.
The characterization and pathology of circadian rhythm sleep disorders.

Abstract Being alert to excessive sleepiness and/or insomnia in shift workers may prevent comorbidities and accidents that can occur as a consequence of shift-worker disorder (SWD). Not all shift workers develop SWD. Thus, identification of sensitivity to shift work may be facilitated by asking patients whether they find it difficult to function in the absence of consolidated sleep, prefer to be active early in the day, or have previously experienced insomnia due to sleep challenges.
A Substrate-Less Microwave Power-Combining Module Utilizing Ridge Gap Waveguide

This letter presents the development of a microwave module that does not require a transition substrate to interface with the ridge gap waveguide (RGW). The RGW-to-chip transition is implemented on an all-metal structure using traditional computer numerical control machining and electrodischarge machining. The fabricated module is self-packaged, and the chip carrier assembly allows for quick monolithic microwave integrated circuit substation/exchange in the event of device failure. The designed module operates between 11 and 14.5 GHz, and the simulation and measured results are compared.
Inhaled antibiotics, pneumonia and bacterial resistance in the ICU

Rationale: Ventilator-associated infection fails to respond to therapy in 50% of cases while IV antibiotics increase bacterial resistance. Previous studies using aerosol antibiotics (AA) with single agents guided by Gram-stain improved clinical success and decreased resistant organisms in mechanically ventilated patients (CCM2008, AJRCCM 2014). In the present study, we examined patients receiving broad-spectrum AA e.g. both inhaled vancomycin and gentamicin vs. placebo. All patients were on appropriate systemic antibiotics for their pathogens at the time of randomization. Methods: Patients with purulent secretions growing pathogenic isolates were randomized to aerosolized vancomycin and gentamicin administered for 14 days or until extubation. Seven patients received active drugs and 9 received placebo. Bacterial growth of tracheal aspirates was measured by semiquantitative cultures. Clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) was used to assess clinical response. Results: Systemic therapy with placebo aerosol did not affect deep lung infection and was associated with increasing bacterial resistance (FigureA, B). In the presence of AA deep respiratory infection resolved (6/7, FigureA). AA eradicated pathogens in all patients except for one positive culture after therapy (FigureB). Conclusion: AA may enhance the resolution of respiratory infection and concomitantly reduce the incidence of resistant organisms in the ICU.
Pressure effects on the vibrational and rotational relaxation of vibrationally excited OH (ν, J) in an argon bath

Quasi-classical molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the energy relaxation of an initially non-rotating, vibrationally excited (ν = 4) hydroxyl radical (OH) in an Ar bath at 300 K and at high pressures from 50 atm to 400 atm. A Morse oscillator potential represented the OH, and two sets of interaction potentials were used based on whether the Ar-H potential was a Buckingham (Exp6) or a Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential. The vibrational and rotational energies were monitored for 25 000-90 000 ps for Exp6 trajectories and 5000 ps for LJ trajectories. Comparisons to measured vibrational relaxation rates show that Exp6 rates are superior. Simulated initial vibrational relaxation rates are linearly proportional to pressure, implying no effect of high-pressure breakdown in the isolated binary collision approximation. The vibrational decay curves upward from single-exponential decay. A model based on transition rates that exponentially depend on the anharmonic energy gap between vibrational levels fits the vibrational decay well at all pressures, suggesting that anharmonicity is a major cause of the curvature. Due to the competition of vibration-to-rotation energy transfer and bath gas relaxation, the rotational energy overshoots and then relaxes to its thermal value. Approximate models with adjustable rates for this competition successfully reproduced the rotational results. These models show that a large fraction of the vibrational energy loss is initially converted to rotational energy but that fraction decreases rapidly as the vibrational energy content of OH decreases. While simulated rates change dramatically between Exp6 and LJ potentials, the mechanisms remain the same.
Music Education for Social Change: Constructing an Activist Music Education

Music Education for Social Change: Constructing an Activist Music Education develops an activist music education rooted in principles of social justice and anti-oppression. Based on the interviews of 20 activist-musicians across the United States and Canada, the book explores the common themes, perceptions, and philosophies among them, positioning these activist-musicians as catalysts for change in music education while raising the question: amidst racism and violence targeted at people who embody difference, how can music education contribute to changing the social climate? Music has long played a role in activism and resistance. By drawing upon this rich tradition, educators can position activist music education as part of a long-term response to events, as a crucial initiative to respond to ongoing oppression, and as an opportunity for youth to develop collective, expressive, and critical thinking skills. This emergent activist music education—like activism pushing toward social change—focuses on bringing people together, expressing experiences, and identifying (and challenging) oppressions. Grounded in practice with examples integrated throughout the text, Music Education for Social Change is an imperative and urgent consideration of what may be possible through music and music education.
Heidegger: πάθος as the Thing Itself

Heidegger’s phenomenological readings of Aristotle on πάσχeιν and πάθος revolutionized the phenomenology of affect, and he carried that revolution into his later work on πάθος, Lichtung, and Ereignis. This chapter argues that πάθος, read as Dasein’s thrownness or appropriation, is die Sache selbst of Heidegger’s thought.
The Flipped Classroom Approach to Engineering Electromagnetics: A Case Study

We report on our experience and results teaching junior-level engineering electromagnetics with a flipped classroom approach at the Georgia Institute of Technology. In a flipped classroom, students are expected to watch videos and/or complete materials that ordinarily are part of an in-class lecture. During class time, students work on problems in small groups that might otherwise have been part of homework assignments. Homeworks and quizzes have individual and team components. The technique is designed to leverage peer-based learning to emphasize conceptual understanding. The two authors have taught a required junior-level electromagnetics course a total of 6 times with the flipped classroom approach. We report on our techniques as well as our efforts to assess learning outcomes compared to a more traditional lecture-based course.
Computation of Fission Product Condensation on Chainlike Aerosols and Agglomerates—II: Role of Energy and Mass Dependence of Molecules

Although aerosols in some postaccident nuclear environments can be nonspherical, chainlike, or agglomerates, there have been limited investigations of the rate processes (such as coagulation, evapo...
Cultivating Next Generation Emerging Technology Workforce through Academia-Industry Partnerships

The technology workforce education system has changed dramatically in recent years, where the tech industry is offering certification-based academic programs to train future EmTech workforce. These programs usually work in collaboration with a non-profit university to provide specific skill training to different types of learners. In this Extended Abstract paper, we briefly highlight few of the most successful academia-industry partnership-based programs that have imparted important technical skills to thousands of learners to land jobs in EmTech.
Down, out, and under arrest: policing and everyday life in skid row, 1st edition: by Forrest Stuart, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2016, 352 pp., $27.50 (Hardcover), ISBN: 978-0226370811

The author, Forrest Stuart, is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Stanford University, who earned his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of California – Los Angeles. He also received an M.A...
War of Shadows: Codebreakers, Spies, and the Secret Struggle to Drive the Nazis from the Middle East: by Gershom Gorenberg (New York: Public Affairs-Hachette Book Group, 2021), 474 pages

In War of the Shadows: Codebreakers, Spies, and the Secret Struggle to Drive the Nazis from the Middle East, Gershom Gorenberg exploits his expertise as a journalist and historical writer to offer ...
Nullspace-Based Control Allocation of Overactuated UAV Platforms

Multirotor copters with full six Degree of Freedom (DoF) maneuvering are often overactuated. The control allocation of overactuated UAV platforms can have an infinite number of solutions due to their redundancy. The most common allocation framework is based on Force Decomposition (FD), which provides a robust least-square solution and is easy to implement, but it does not account for input constraints. A control allocation framework based on Quadratic Programming (QP) can take input constraints; however, it will introduce linear approximation error and it has not been formulated and implemented on physical systems. In this letter, we propose a nullspace-based allocation framework for overactuated UAV platforms that combines the advantages of the FD-based framework and QP-based framework. Our proposed nullspace-based framework can take input constraints while eliminating the linear approximation error in the control allocation. It is also robust against controller sampling frequency and measurement noise. These three allocation frameworks are implemented and compared on our novel overactuated UAV platform in simulation to evaluate the robustness of the proposed method and in experiment for a vertical rotation trajectory to demonstrate its performance.
Membership has its Privileges: Local TV Effort to Control Data and Destiny:

Graham Media has developed the Membership for Broadcast Project, which received grant funding last year as part of the Google News Initiative Innovation Challenge. The goal within Graham’s stations...
Systemic Considerations in Child Development and the Pursuit of Racial Equality in the United States

Lewis (this issue) reflects on the achievement of social equality as the ideal goal within diverse and culturally plural societies, focusing on the U.S., specifically. Lewis argues that, because ma...
Identical Twins, Matching Symptoms: Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

PRESENTATION Shortness of breath was first attributed to the patient’s extensive history of cardiac ills, but a detailed environmental history pointed to the true source. A 58-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 12-month history of dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. She had been born with Ebstein’s anomaly, for which she had undergone tricuspid valve replacement with a prosthetic valve and repair of a coexisting atrial septal defect. In addition, she had an implanted pacemaker for complete heart block. Her cardiologist was considering biventricular pacing as an intervention for her dyspnea and requested a pulmonary evaluation before proceeding. The patient, who was married and a nurse, had an unremarkable pulmonary history. None of her medications posed a risk for lung toxicity. She never smoked, drank alcohol, or used illicit drugs. An identical twin sister, who lived in Texas, had similar pulmonary complaints and a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis. The sister’s medical records were brought to the consultation due to concern for a genetic predisposition for this progressive lung disease.
Generalized additive models: a retrospective

I will give an informal talk on the history of generalized additive models. I will discuss how Trevor Hastie and I conceived of the idea, and important influences on our work. Finally I will touch on some connections to our more recent work on sparsity.
Expression of CD105 and CD34 receptors controls BMP-induced in vitro mineralization of mouse adipose-derived stem cells but does not predict their in vivo bone-forming potential

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can be excellent alternative to bone marrow derived stem cells for enhancing fracture repair since ADSCs can be isolated comparatively in large numbers from discarded lipoaspirates. However, osteogenic potential of ADSCs in vivo is very controversial. We hypothesized that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) that respond maximally to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in vitro would possess maximum bone-forming potential. Four purified populations of mouse ADSCs: CD105(+) CD34(+), CD105(-) CD34(-), CD105(+) CD34(-) and CD105(-) CD34(+) were obtained using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and their BMP-responsiveness was determined in vitro. CD105(+) CD34(-) population showed the strongest response to BMPs in terms of robust increase in mineralization. Expression of CD105 correlated with high BMP-responsive phenotype and larger cell size while expression of CD34 correlated with low BMP-responsive phenotype and smaller cell size. CD105(+) CD34(-) population displayed higher gene expression of Alk1 or Alk6 receptors in comparison with other populations. However, CD105(+) CD34(-) ADSCs failed to induce ectopic bone formation in vivo after they were transplanted into syngeneic mice, indicating that in vitro BMP-responsiveness is not a good indicator to predict in vivo bone forming potential of ADSCs. Therefore greater precautions should be executed during selection of competent ADSCs for bone repair.
Flame synthesis of nanostructured vanadium oxide based catalysts

Nanostructured V2O5-TiO2, V2O5-Al2O3, and V-P-O powders were synthesized in hydrogen-oxygen flames using a counterflow diffusion flame burner. This flame synthesis technique allows one to select a specific powder morphology or crystalline structure by selecting the appropriate flame temperature, precursor concentration ratio, and precursor. The operating conditions appropriate to produce vanadium oxide “monolayer” on TiO2 and Al2O3, VOPO4·2H2O, β-VOPO4, γ-VOPO4, σ-VOPO4, and (VO)2P2O7 are presented and discussed.
Development of ultrasonic flip chip bonding for flexible printed circuit

Small form factor and high density printed circuit boards (PCB) have been already realized by flip chip (FC) bonding technology. However, the requirement for finer pitch PCB is still increasing with shrinkage of die and wiring. Therefore, conventional flip chip bonding technology will not provide sufficient capability or productivity to meet future demands. The authors have focused on flip chip bonding method utilizing ultrasonic vibration. Flip chip modules using flexible printed circuit (FPC) are strongly required for such as mobile phone applications. For that purpose, we have investigated to assemble semiconductor devices with FPCs applying this method, particularly for large size die with multiple pads. In this report, we have evaluated relationship between bonding parameters and reliability using several kinds of copper clad laminate (CCL) with different plating conditions. We show the correlation between formation of microscopic metallic bond and actual chip on flex (COF) module performance. As a result, we succeed to realize 35/spl mu/m pad pitch COF module.
On the Spectrum of Non-Selfadjoint Schrödinger Operators with Compact Resolvent

We determine the Schatten class for the compact resolvent of Dirichlet realizations, in unbounded domains, of a class of non-selfadjoint differential operators. This class consists of operators that can be obtained via analytic dilation from a Schrodinger operator with magnetic field and a complex electric potential. As an application, we prove, in a variety of examples motivated by Physics, that the system of generalized eigenfunctions associated with the operator is complete, or at least the existence of an infinite discrete spectrum.
HOW SHREDDED WHEAT’S COMPETITION GOT TO CALL THEIR CEREAL SHREDDED WHEAT

This is a true story about the intersection of trademark law, the invention of cold breakfast cereal and a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that cost NABISCO the exclusive rights to manufacture a pillow shaped breakfast cereal and call it SHREDDED WHEAT.
Extensions for finite Chevalley groups II

Let G be a semisimple simply connected algebraic group defined and split over the field Fp with p elements, let G(Fq) be the finite Chevalley group consisting of the Fq-rational points of G where q = p r , and let G r be the rth Frobenius kernel. The purpose of this paper is to relate extensions between modules in Mod(G(F q )) and Mod(G r ) with extensions between modules in Mod(G). Among the results obtained are the following: for r > 2 and p > 3(h - 1), the G(F q )-extensions between two simple G(F q )-modules are isomorphic to the G-extensions between two simple p r -restricted G-modules with suitably twisted highest weights. For p > 3(h - 1), we provide a complete characterization of H 1 (G(F q ), H0(λ)) where H 0 (λ) = ind G B A and A is p r -restricted. Furthermore, for p > 3(h - 1), necessary and sufficient bounds on the size of the highest weight of a G-module V are given to insure that the restriction map H 1 (G, V) → H 1 (G(F q ), V) is an isomorphism. Finally, it is shown that the extensions between two simple p r -restricted G-modules coincide in all three categories provided the highest weights are close together.
Occult progressive pulmonary arterial occlusion associated with right ventricular hypertension in patients with systemic arteriopathy.

Objectives Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPS) is a heterogeneous disease associated with numerous clinical or syndromic disorders including Williams syndrome. Previous studies focusing on patients with Williams syndrome have documented spontaneous improvement in branch pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis and right ventricular pressure. The goal of this study is to identify angiographic evidence of spontaneous occlusion or loss of segmental PAs in patients with PPS. Methods Patients undergoing serial catheterization for PPS at Boston Children's Hospital between 1999 and 2014 were selected. Patients with structural heart disease such as tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries, or single ventricle were excluded. Hemodynamic data were extracted from catheterization reports, all available angiograms were reviewed, and evidence of segmental PA loss was documented based on defined angiographic criteria. Results Forty-two patients were included in the study. Each patient underwent an average of 5 catheterizations over the 15-year study period. The average RV pressure at initial catheterization was near systemic levels. Evidence of segmental PA loss was present in 40% of patients. Almost 30% of patients with vessel loss demonstrated loss at their initial catheterization, and 65% of patients experienced loss of multiple vessels over time. Patients with vessel loss tended to be older at initial catheterization and have higher average RV pressures at their most recent catheterization than those without vessel loss. Conclusions Progressive segmental PA loss in patients with systemic arteriopathy and PPS has not been well described previously. In this cohort, segmental PA loss occurred in 40% of patients, resulting in persistently elevated PA pressures relative to patients who did not develop vessel loss. These findings highlight the importance of surveillance in this population of patients with systemic arteriopathy and severe PPS.
Contribution of vagal afferents to respiratory reflexes evoked by acute inhalation of ozone in dogs

Acute inhalation of ozone induces vagally mediated rapid shallow breathing and bronchoconstriction. In spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs, we attempted to determine whether afferent vagal C-fibers in the lower airways contributed to these responses. Dogs inhaled 3 ppm ozone for 40-70 min into the lower trachea while cervical vagal temperature was maintained successively at 37, 7, and 0 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, addition of ozone to the inspired air decreased tidal volume and dynamic lung compliance and increased breathing frequency, total lung resistance, and tracheal smooth muscle tension. Ozone still evoked significant effects when conduction in myelinated vagal axons was blocked selectively by cooling the nerves to 7 degrees C. Ozone-induced effects were largely abolished when nonmyelinated vagal axons were blocked by cooling to 0 degree C, breathing during ozone inhalation at 0 degree C being generally similar to that during air breathing at 0 degree C, except that minute volume and inspiratory flow were higher. We conclude that afferent vagal C-fibers in the lower airways make a major contribution to the acute respiratory effects of ozone and that nonvagal afferents contribute to the effects that survive vagal blockade.
Clinical Experience with Routine Activated Coagulation Time Monitoring During Elective PTCA.

Background: Intracoronary thrombosis is an important factor in the pathogenesis of acute complications during percutaneous coronary interventions. The activated coagulation time (ACT) is a simple, reproducible bedside test that has become standard as the means of monitoring the anticoagulant effect of heparin during these procedures. To determine if ACT-adjusted heparin dosing reduces the procedure-related complications of elective PTCA, 1200 patients who underwent nomemergent percutancous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) between January 1, 1988 and February 26, 1992 were studied. MethodslResults: Two groups were identified based on the use of empirical heparin dosage (group 1, before July 1, 1990) vs. ACT-guided heparin administration strategies (group 2, after July 1, 1990). Group 2 patients were older, had worse left ventricular function, and were more likely to have experienced a prior myocardial infarction than patients in group 1. Patients in group 1 were more likely to have chronic stable angina and a positive exercise test, while group 2 patients were more likely to be undergoing PTCA for post-myocardial infarction (MI) angina. Angiographic characteristics were also consistent with a higher risk profile in group 2 than in group 1 (92.7% vs. 83.4%, p < 0.001). Postprocedural complications, including abrupt closure and late closure, were lower in group 2 patients. The incidence of abrupt vessel closure was decreased by approximately 50% (6.9% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.025), and delayed vessel closure was significantly reduced by over 6017,(3.2% vs. 1.0%, p < 0.05). There were no differences in femoral artery complications between the two specified groups. Conclusion: ACT-guided heparin therapy during percutaneous coronary interventions decreases acute and delayed vessel closure, even in the presence of clinical and angiographic characteristics that would predict a higher incidence of these events.
Demographic changes and education expenditures: A reinterpretation

Abstract Several empirical studies have estimated a negative relationship between the share of an area's elderly population and per-pupil education spending. These findings have often been interpreted as evidence that an aging population has hindered the growth in per-pupil expenditures. We offer a reinterpretation of these oft-cited estimates and demonstrate that the population has aged in a way not reflected in these earlier studies’ empirical designs. After fully accounting for actual U.S. population trends, we demonstrate that a rise in the elderly share of the population has resulted in a rise in per-pupil education spending, not a decline.
Requirement of microcalcification detection for computerized classification of malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications

We are developing computerized schemes to detect clustered microcalcifications in mammograms, and to classify malignant versus benign microcalcifications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects on the performance of computer classification when results of computer-detected true microcalcifications and computer detected false-positive signals are used as input to the computer classification scheme. We found that when trained using manually identified microcalcifications, the computer classification performance was not degraded significantly when up to 60% of true microcalcifications were missed, and when false-positive signals made up approximately one half of the computer detection.
Mexico's Search for a New Development Strategy

DWIGHT S. BROTHERS and ADELE E. WICK, editors. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990. xvii + 378 pp. $52.50 (paper). ISBN 0-8133-7880-X.
Virus-like agents from patients with Hodgkin's disease.

Cultured cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease underwent changes which seemed to be accompanied by the emergence of an agent of the herpes group.
Therapeutic Communities for Youths in Secure Care: Participant Characteristics and Predictors of Treatment and Postrelease Supervision

ABSTRACT The current cross-sectional, descriptive study utilized services data to examine the characteristics, treatment, and postrelease outcomes of 226 male (64.6%) and female (35.4%) youths in therapeutic communities (TCs) housed within three secure-care facilities in one Southern state. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that approximately 21% of the variance in amount of TC services received was predicted by demographic, psychosocial, and institutional variables. Girls received less TC treatment than boys, and participants with disciplinary tickets received more treatment than those without tickets. The binary logistic regression model distinguished between youths who were and were not placed under supervision upon release, with relevant predictors explaining about 40% of the variance. Implications for practice and research with youths in institution-based TCs are discussed.
Power-efficient transceivers for high-bandwidth, short-reach interconnects

Coming exa-scale computer systems and next-generation data centers impose extreme demands on transceiver technology to simultaneously achieve high bandwidth in a compact footprint for maximum bandwidth density while minimizing both cost and power.
Discussion Schooling, and the Struggle for Democracy

Abstract The author argues that because democracy, education, and discussion are interrelated and seek to promote human growth, we must find ways to involve both children and adults in frequent discussions that are respectful, mindful, critical, and hopeful. Although it is very difficult to carry on good discussion and although our practices always fall short of our ideals, we must keep trying because discussion is such an integral part of being human. The author contends that one way to facilitate more thoughtful and sensitive discussion is to attempt to practice a set of dispositional ideals that include hospitality, participation and efficacy, mindfulness, mutuality, deliberation, hope and autonomy. He concludes that although discussion can falter and all too often reinforce the inequalities that exist in larger society, it is one of the paths we must follow to create a more humane and decent world.
Gene discovery in the auditory system using a tissue specific approach.

Molecular methods applied to the study of hereditary hearing loss in the past decade have revealed a copious number of genes representing a great diversity of cellular functions. In some instances, identification of these genes involved in deafness disorders has provided the portal to investigations of pathways not previously envisioned to underlie human hearing. Sequence analysis of a human fetal cochlear cDNA library has been employed to generate thousands of ESTs (expressed sequence tags) that provide a transcript map of the human cochlea and are a resource of candidate genes for positional cloning endeavors. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.