cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Machismo in Organizations: Individual Predictors & Context-Dependent Outcomes

Two studies were conducted to examine possible predictors of machismo value endorsement and to test the possibility that machismo’s effects on job-related outcomes may be stronger in “family-oriented” than in “team-oriented” organizations. A total of 178 students were recruited from upper-level management and MBA classes at a large university in the Southwestern U.S. In Study 1, participant gender, familism values, and femininity predicted machismo values. Unexpectedly, ethnicity did not predict machismo values. Study 2 replicated results for predictors of machismo values, except that femininity did not emerge as a significant predictor. Additionally, Study 2 results indicated that machismo’s effects were dependent on the extent to which the company was viewed as family-oriented. Results suggest that machismo values: (a) may be relevant for both Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites, (b) are related, yet somewhat distinct from theoretically related variables like gender role endorsement and familism, and (c) are especially likely to affect expectations and behaviors when the organization’s culture includes elements (e.g., family orientation) that evoke a connection to those values. One of the most prominent recent demographic trends to emerge in the U.S. workforce is the rapid increase in workers of Hispanic descent. Organizations should expect an accompanying wave of employee values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral expectations influenced by aspects of Hispanic culture. Further, it would be of considerable applied value to identify ways to strategically harness positive effects of machismo values while mitigating potentially negative effects.
Determination of Supply and Requirements in Physical Therapy: Some Considerations and Examples

This article is an exploration of the specific application of need-based and demand-based models for assessing health personnel supply requirements to the field of physical therapy. Definitions and examples of these models are offered. Problems presented in the field of physical therapy in accurately defining need and demand are presented. Specific examples of current data collection at a variety of levels (professional association, private sector, state, and federal) are given.
Diseases transmitted by less common house pets

Beside dogs and cats, the most common pets worldwide, an increasing number of pocket pets and exotic pets are making their way to more and more households, especially in North America and Europe. Although many of these animals make appropriate pets, they also can be a source of many zoonotic diseases, especially in young children and immunocompromised individuals. Some of these diseases can be life threatening, such as rabies, rat bite fever, and plague. Some others are quite common, because of the frequency of the pathogens harbored by these species, such as salmonellosis in reptiles and amphibians. Appropriate knowledge of the zoonotic agents carried by these “new” pet species is strongly recommended prior to acquiring pocket or exotic pets. Furthermore, adopting wildlife as pets is strongly discouraged, because it is always a risky action that can lead to major health issues.
Group-Shift and the Consensus Effect

[It is well documented that individuals make different choices in the context of group decisions, such as elections, from choices made in isolation. In particular, individuals tend to conform to the decisions of others -- a property we call the consensus effect -- which in turn implies phenomena such as group polarization and the bandwagon effect. We show that the consensus effect is equivalent to a well-known violation of expected utility, namely strict quasi-convexity of preferences. Our results qualify and extend those of Eliaz, Ray and Razin (2006), who focus on choice-shifts in group when one option is safe (i.e., a degenerate lottery). In contrast to the equilibrium outcome when individuals are expected utility maximizers, the consensus effect implies that group decisions may fail to properly aggregate preferences in strategic contexts and strictly Pareto-dominated equilibria may arise. Moreover, these problems become more severe as the size of the group grows.
Stopping Strategies and Gambler's Ruin

Let's play a game. Roll a die and you win $2 if the die shows 1 or 2. Otherwise you lose $1. Thus about one-third of the time you win $2 and about two-thirds of the time you lose $1. Suppose you have a definite idea in mind about how much you would like to win. To be concrete, suppose you start with $5 and decide to play until you double your fortune or lose it all (that is, are ruined). In other words, you will stop playing when you have $0, $10, or $11. This game with a die is fair because, on average, for each 3 games, you win $2 once and lose $1 twice. However, it is not the same fair game as in the classical coinflipping game where you win or lose $1, each with probability 1/2. One difference is the experience of a player facing ruin at the gambling table. The classical theory of what is called "gambler's ruin" tells us that the probability of ruin in the coin-flipping game is 1/2, that is, a player who starts with $5 and swears to stop at $10-a doubleor-nothing strategy-faces even chances of being ruined or winning double. Knowing this about the coin-flipping game calls some parallel questions to mind. In our die-rolling game, is it still true that probabilities for success or ruin are 1/2, that the double-or-nothing strategy is fair? What is the expected time for the duration of this strategy? In other words, how many games will you play on average? We ask similar questions for unfair games. For example, we consider the game where you win $2 with probability 4/40, you win $1 with probability 11/40, and you lose $1 with probability 25/40. This game is not fair; the average loss per game is 15 cents.
Application and Validation of an Impedance-Based Real Time Cell Analyzer to Measure the Toxicity of Nanoparticles Impacting Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Nanomaterials are increasingly used in a variety of industrial processes and consumer products. There are growing concerns about the potential impacts for public health and environment of engineered nanoparticles. The aim of this work was to evaluate a novel impedance-based real time cell analyzer (RTCA) as a high-throughput method for screening the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles and to validate the RTCA results using a conventional cytotoxicity test (MTT). A collection of 11 inorganic nanomaterials (Ag0, Al2O3, CeO2, Fe0, Fe2O3, HfO2, Mn2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, and ZrO2) were tested for potential cytotoxicity to a human bronchial epithelial cell, 16HBE14o-. The data collected by the RTCA system was compared to results obtained using a more traditional methyl tetrazolium (MTT) cytotoxicity assay at selected time points following application of nanomaterials. The most toxic nanoparticles were ZnO, Mn2O3 and Ag0, with 50% response at concentrations lower than 75 mg/L. There was a good correlation in cytotoxicit...
A biopsychosocial overview of pretreatment screening of patients with pain.

Abstract:The prevalence and excessive cost of pain, especially when the pain becomes chronic, remains a major health-care problem in the United States. Currently, a biopsychosocial perspective of pain has been found to be the most heuristic approach to understanding and managing it. Using this persp
Parasitism of Mosquitoes by Water Mites

A large sample of Ohio mosquitoes was para-sitized by 2 kinds of water mites. Thyasid-type mites walk on the surface of the water and encounter hosts there while the pionid-type larvae are strictly aquatic. The 2 types of larvae differ greatly in general morphology. Both kinds of larvae are locally abundant in Ohio but the species and their degree of host specificity remain to be worked out. A few local populations of mosquitoes are so heavily infested that the mites could serve as useful markers in studies of these populations. The discouraging results of most attempts to use water mites as markers are due to failure to separate records and identify kinds of mite larvae. When records are not pooled and the biology of the mite given due consideration, it is possible to use the parasitic larvae in distribution and age-grading studies of their host mosquitoes.
Recurrent Anterior Dislocation of the Hip

A case of recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation in an adult is reported. Although the short follow-up of the patient shows encouraging results of treatment, the main purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the features of the condition.
Practicing Black Queer Ethics Through Stories and Narrative

Black queers have not been recognized in ethical discourse as moral exemplars of any kind. Engaging them through a moral frame, then, requires methodological and theological starting points that foster reflective, praxis-oriented ethics. Young highlights narrative—manifested in this book as stories, ethical reflections, and individual and collective theories—as a tool for getting to the substance of black queer lives. Narrative allows people to speak for themselves from lives that they have written and directed, enacted, and evaluated. Using black queers’ stories and critical reflections is essential to an ethical method that propels a necessary fundamental shift in the concept of moral subjectivity. As Young employs it, narrative illustrates the methodological framework through which to understand the processes of moral agency exercised by research participants.
Post-Structuralism, Historical Theory, and Critical Race Theory: A Pyramid for Critical Historical Analysis

I begin this chapter by discussing my own theoretical leanings as well as my writing methodology for two reasons. The first obvious reason is that I am a Composition scholar and it is my duty to do so. I’m not blind to the fact of biased research. I feel my perspective and my experience, though, are my strength and my edge, if you will. Also, I find it necessary to share my methodology, even though by doing so, I run the risk of being marginalized as a Composition scholar of color. I am a Latina interested in the field’s attention to Latinos/Latinas in the field and in the Composition classroom.
Adverse effects of voriconazole: Over a decade of use

Voriconazole use has increased since the drug's introduction in 2002, and new and unique adverse effects are emerging as patients undergo prolonged therapy. Most concerning is the increased risk of cutaneous malignancies, primarily squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); this risk is duration dependent and the associated malignancies tend to be more aggressive and multifocal. Voriconazole is also associated with phototoxicity (which may be a precursor to malignancy), periostitis, hallucinations and encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, nail changes, hyponatremia, and other adverse effects. Some toxicities (neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal including hepatic) are seen in clear association with supratherapeutic serum voriconazole levels; thus, careful monitoring of voriconazole levels is a critical component of safe drug use. Guidelines for screening for adverse effects after long-term voriconazole use may be beneficial and need to be established.
The Global Challenge of Genomics Education: A Path to the Future

Since the nine genes of a bacteriophage were first sequenced in 1977 (Sanger et al. 1977), genomics research has transformed the study of genetics and has stimulated the emergence of an ever-lengthening list of new research specializations, including computational genomics, bioinformatics, metagenomics, pharmacogenomics, structural genomics, and more. The much-heralded publication of the human genome in Nature (Feb. 15, 2001) and Science (Feb. 16, 2001) marked not only a major advancement of knowledge but also a fundamental change in how biological research is done (Butler 2001). It has been noted that “When historians look back at this turning of the millennium, they will note that the major scientific breakthrough of the era was the characterization in ultimate detail of the genetic instructions that make a human being” (Collins and Jegalian 1999).
The Correlation Between Septoria Leaf Spot and Stem Canker Resistance in Hybrid Poplar

Sphaerulina musiva is an important fungal pathogen that causes a leaf spot and stem canker disease of hybrid poplar. Stem cankers are widely regarded as the greatest threat to hybrid poplar plantations because of their ability to cause tree mortality; thus, the efforts of breeding programs have been focused on stem canker resistance. To explore the relationship between resistance to leaf spot and stem canker in Populus nigra × P. deltoides hybrids, two experiments were conducted. Initially, comparisons among leaves of different ages indicated that younger leaves were more susceptible to leaf spot infection than older leaves. Correlations between leaf spot severity and stem canker severity for both individual leaves and all leaves averaged together indicated that, in 10 of 11 comparisons, there were no significant correlations. The lack of correlation suggests that deploying genotypes resistant to stem canker may not affect the pathogen population causing leaf spot disease. To our knowledge, this is the fi...
Lizard Activity and Abundance Greater in Burned Habitat of a Xeric Montane Forest

Abstract Restoring the natural or historical state of ecosystems is a common objective among resource managers, but determining whether desired system responses to management actions are occurring is often protracted and challenging. For wildlife, the integration of mechanistic habitat modeling with population monitoring may provide expedited measures of management effectiveness and improve understanding of how management actions succeed or fail to recover populations. Southern Appalachia is a region of high biodiversity that has undergone dramatic change as a result of human activities such as historic logging, exotic invasions, and alteration of disturbance regimes—including reduction in application of fire. Contemporary efforts to restore fire-maintained ecosystems within southern Appalachian forests require tools to assess the effects of fire management practices on individual animal fitness and relate them to corresponding influences on species abundance. Using automated sensing equipment, we investi...
Justifying Class Action Limits: Parsing the Debates over Ascertainability and Cy Pres

The federal class action has lost its way. It was created about fifty years ago in a major revision to Rule 23 that envisioned a functional aggregation device aimed at promoting litigation efficiency and effective rights enforcement. Over the past twenty years, however, courts have added technical limitations that restrict the Rule’s functional efficacy. This Article, a contribution to a symposium on the fiftieth anniversary of the modern class action, examines two such limitations: a strict version of class ascertainability, and restrictions on Cy Pres relief. These two limitations are closely linked. The availability of Cy Pres reduces the pressure to require strict ascertainability, and insisting on strict ascertainability eases the pressure to use Cy Pres. Courts justify both limitations in functional terms as promoting the efficiency and fairness of class action litigation, but the functional arguments fail. In fact, requiring strict ascertainability and limiting the availability of Cy Pres have the opposite effect: they undermine the class action’s functional efficacy. This raises an important question: Why is support for these limitations so strong when the functional justifications are so weak? The answer, I argue, is that strict ascertainability and limited Cy Pres have less to do with functional efficacy and much more to do with adjudicative legitimacy. Framed in legitimacy terms, the arguments are more difficult to address. The concern with adjudicative legitimacy implicates two related beliefs. The first holds that civil adjudication is primarily about compensating injured parties. Deterrence matters, but only if it is accompanied by a substantial compensatory benefit. The second belief is closely related to the first. It holds that civil adjudication is about adjudicating and enforcing legal rights belonging to individual right holders. Thus, even if class actions promote the effective enforcement of the substantive law, they can still lack legitimacy when they involve anonymous class members and prioritize deterrence over compensation for rights violations. These beliefs fit a plausible conception of civil adjudication. Together, they describe a core feature that distinguishes adjudication from legislation and administration: its focus on legal rights and on remedies for rights violations. Yet this feature does not demand strict ascertainability or the Cy Pres limits that have become popular in recent years. Small-claim class actions, such as those enforcing consumer protection laws, share much in common with the less controversial 23(b)(2) class action for classwide injunctive relief. I develop the (b)(2) analogy and show how it can be used to justify the legitimacy of small-claim class actions with unidentifiable class members and liberal use of Cy Pres.
Immunohaematological complications in patients with sickle cell disease after haemopoietic progenitor cell transplantation: a prospective, single-centre, observational study.

Summary Background Haemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation can cure sickle cell disease. Non-myeloablative conditioning typically results in donor-derived erythrocytes and stable mixed chimerism of recipient-derived and donor-derived leucocytes. Exposure to donor antigens from the HPC graft and new red cell antibodies induced by transfusion can lead to immunohaematological complications. We assessed the incidence of such complications among HPC transplant recipients with sickle cell disease. Methods The study population was all patients with sickle cell disease enrolled before March 31, 2015, in the three clinical trials of non-myeloablative HPC transplantation at the National Institutes of Health. We assessed formation of new red cell antibodies after transplantation and red cell incompatibility between donors and recipients. Findings 61 patients were enrolled, 42 were HLA matched and 19 were haploidentical. Nine (15%) had immunohaematological complications. Before HPC transplantation, three patients had antibodies incompatible with their donors. After HPC transplantation, new red cell antibodies were seen in six patients (11 alloantibodies and two autoantibodies), among whom three developed antibodies incompatible with donor or recipient red cells and three developed compatible antibodies. The clinical course of complications was highly variable, from no severe effects attributable to antibodies, to sustained reticulocytopenia, to near-fatal haemolysis. We found no significant correlation between immunohaematological complications and graft failure, graft rejection, or death. Interpretation Clinical effects ranged from seemingly not clinically important to potentially fatal. In patients with sickle cell disease, donor and recipient red cell phenotypes should be carefully assessed before transplantation to minimise and manage the risk of immunohaematological complications. Funding Intramural Research Program and National Institutes of Health.
Microfluidics in Cell and Tissue Studies

The central challenge inherent to conventional cell culture systems in general and tumor systems in particular is that any but the most rudimentary studies requires an enormous amount of infrastructure and handling capabilities to investigate numerous, interdependent variables in discrete samples. In addition, analysis of outcomes is both separate and potentially challenging. Significant strides have been made to address both of these challenges through the use of microfluidic technologies and cell culture techniques toward the goal of an integrated delivery and assessment platform that recapitulates in vivo conditions. Here, we review microfluidic approaches that enable the study of cells and cell culture, with specific applications to cancer cells and tumor organoids.
A general framework for assessing the value of social data for disaster response logistics planning

Abstract Social media may play a critical role in disaster response by identifying needs in a shorter amount of time and thereby improving situational awareness. However, needs identified through social media initially have not been verified and some may be inaccurate. This can create a barrier to its use during disaster response decision making. Consequently, a key tradeoff between the timeliness and accuracy of social data for disaster response logistics planning must be assessed. This study aims to stimulate interest in a research agenda aimed at evaluating this tradeoff. A general framework for investigating whether it is worthwhile to act on user-generated data prior to its absolute verification in the context of disaster response logistics planning is presented. While the framework is applicable to a variety of logistics planning problems, this paper demonstrates its use via an application in mobile delivery of disaster response commodities. A case study motivated by the 2010 Haiti earthquake is developed using real social data, and is presented for use in conjunction with the framework. The types of insights that are possible via the framework are revealed through the small computational study included in the paper.
Microsystem and Macrosystem Predictors of Latinx College Students’ Depression and Anxiety:

Latinx college students experience depression and anxiety similarly to other groups. Systemic factors (e.g., discrimination, family support) may exacerbate or protect from symptoms. We incorporated...
Counterflow diffusion flames: effects of thermal expansion and non-unity Lewis numbers

In this work we re-examine the counterflow diffusion flame problem focusing in particular on the flame–flow interactions due to thermal expansion and its influence on various flame properties such ...
Discrimination Index, the Area Under the ROC Curve

The accuracy of fit of a mathematical predictive model is the degree to which the predicted values coincide with the observed outcome. When the outcome variable is dichotomous and predictions are stated as probabilities that an event will occur, models can be checked for good discrimination and calibration. In case of the multiple logistic regression model for binary outcomes (event, non-event), the area under the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve is the most used measure of model discrimination. The area under the ROC curve is identical to the Mann-Whitney statistic. We consider shift models for the distributions of predicted probabilities for event and non-event. From the interval estimates of the shift parameter, we calculate the confidence intervals for the area under the ROC curve. Also, we present the development of a general description of an overall discrimination index C (overall C) which we can extend to a survival time model such as the the Cox regression model. The general theory of rank correlation is applied in developing the overall C. The overall C is a linear combination of three independent components: event vs. non-event, event vs. event and event vs. censored. By showing that these three components are asymptotically normally distributed, the overall C is shown to be asymptotically normally distributed. The expected value and the variance of the overall C are presented.
Structuring the unstructured middle with chunk computing

Modern computing substrates like cloud computing clusters, massively multi-core processors, and general-purpose GPUs offer a wealth of computing power with the caveat that programmers must carefully structure their programs to fit within various hardware and communication limits in order to get high performance. Unfortunately, modern abstractions expressly hide machine structure from the program and program structure from the machine, hindering automatic optimization. We introduce an alternative computing abstraction--a linked graph of finite-sized memory chunks--that explicitly exposes the size and structure of programs to the operating system. The chunk graph enables the operating system to use size and structure to optimize how programs are mapped onto complex machine structure.
Insuficiencia cardíaca: la conexión electrofisiológica. Aturdimiento miocárdico e insuficiencia cardíaca: ¿mecanismos en común?

El lugar de la lesion en el acoplamiento excitacioncontraccion ha sido recientemente motivo de investigacion exhaustiva. La activacion electrica es normal1, de manera que las bases del miocardio aturdido tienen que depender de alguna de estas dos amplias categorias mecanisticas: primero, la disponibilidad del activador Ca2+ podria estar restringida. Este efecto puede estar mediado por una entrada anormal (o salida anormal) de Ca2+ al citosol debido a lesiones en una o varias vias encargadas del control de Ca2+ celular. Alternativamente, la capacidad de respuesta al Ca2+ de la maquinaria contractil podria estar danada de tal forma que para un incremento dado de la concentracion intracelular de Ca2+ (p. ej., el que se produce durante el aumento transitorio de Ca2+) el miocardio genere menos fuerza; en este caso no es necesario que la disponibilidad del Ca2+ sea el factor limitante. Durante los ultimos doce anos, los trabajos de investigacion han implicado de forma abrumadora a los miofilamentos como el punto critico de lesion en el aturdimiento, por lo menos en los modelos de corazon aislado y perfundido. El primer indicio de que la funcion de los miofilamentos era anormal procedio de Kusuoka et al2, que encontraron una disminucion de la presion maxima activada por el Ca2+ (el equivalente en el corazon entero de la fuerza maxima de activacion por el Ca2+) en los corazones aturdidos. Posteriormente Marban et al3,4 desarrollaron y validaron la metodologia para medir la concentracion intracelular de Ca2+ por espectroscopia de RMN en corazones aislados y perfundidos de huron. Los aumentos transitorios de Ca2+ resultaron ser similares antes y despues de la isquemia; si acaso, habia una tendencia hacia un aumento en la concentracion intracelular de Ca2+ sistolico en los corazones aturdidos, a pesar de que se producia un 40% de descenso en la presion ventricular desarrollaPR O B L E M A S RE L E VA N T E S E N CA R D I O L O G I A 1999
N-terminal transactivation function, AF-1, of estrogen receptor alpha controls obesity through enhancement of energy expenditure.

Abstract Objective Studies using the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) knock-out (αERKO) mice have demonstrated that ERα plays a crucial role in various estrogen-mediated metabolic regulations. ERα is a ligand dependent transcription regulator and its activity is regulated by estrogenic compounds. ERα consists of two transcriptional activation domains, AF-1 and AF-2. The activities of these domains are regulated through different mechanisms; however, the specific physiological role in metabolic regulation by these domains is still unclear. Methods We utilized an ERα AF-2 mutant knock-in mouse (AF2ERKI) to evaluate the physiological functionality of ERα transactivation domains. Due to the estrogen insensitive AF-2 mutation, the phenotypes of AF2ERKI mice are seemingly identical to the global αERKO including obesity in the females. Distinct from the αERKO, the AF-1 function of AF2ERKI mice can be activated by tamoxifen (Tam). Ovariectomized (OVX) AF2ERKI and WT females were treated with Tam and fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. Additionally, indirect calorimetric analysis was performed using metabolic chambers with food intake and locomotor activity recorded for Tam-treated AF2ERKI and αERKO females. Results Obesity in HFD-fed AF2ERKI females was prevented by Tam treatment; particularly, inguinal fat accumulation was strongly blocked by Tam treatment. Alterations in fat metabolism genes, however, were not found in either inguinal fat nor visceral fat to be Tam-regulated, even though fat accumulation was strongly reduced by Tam treatment. Indirect calorimetric analysis revealed that without alteration of food intake and locomotor activity Tam treatment increased energy expenditure in AF2ERKI but not αERKO females. Conclusions These results suggest that the activation of ERα AF-1 prevents fat accumulation. The prevention of obesity through AF-1 is mediated by induction of energy expenditure rather than ERα AF-1 functionality of lipid metabolism gene regulation in fat tissues.
Introduction: The Tradeoff Conversation for Sustainable Electricity

Societies and industry are struggling with managing the unprecedented transformation of the electric power system that will be occurring over the next decade. This book focuses on how companies and stakeholders are balancing the choices and tradeoffs with electricity generation and use. Uniquely, a variety of perspectives are included from power companies, customers, regulators, investors, and environmental groups. Not everyone will agree on the proper balance of tradeoffs. This book provides a foundation needed to advance a larger conversation around the meaning of sustainable electricity in a time of significant industry transformation.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis-case report of two patients and review of literature.

Background: Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory skeletal disease characterized by unifocal or multifocal nonbacterial inflammatory bone lesions in the metaphysis of long bones. Common sites of CRMO are tibia, pelvis, proximal femur, clavicle, calcaneum and vertebrae. However, unifocal presentation or presentation in adults, atypical locations, and absence of recurrence have also been reported. Methods and Findings: We describe two cases of female patients with unifocal presentation of nonbacterial inflammatory bone lesions in the upper and lower extremity. Furthermore, a review of literature is presented. Conclusion: Although CRMO is seen primarily in children and adolescents, and usually occurs in a multifocal pattern, our cases illustrate that this disease can arise in adult patients and in a single location. The diagnosis of CRMO should be made in a multi-disciplinary approach amongst orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and pathologists.
Emerging insights on the dynamic drivers of international low-carbon technology transfer

Abstract International low-carbon technology (LCT) transfer has emerged as a key focus of research and policy for global climate change mitigation efforts. While the benefits of international LCT transfer are widely understood, the processes associated with international LCT transfer are more complicated than is portrayed in the often-polarized discussions around LCT transfer. In order to effectively incentivize innovation and diffusion of LCTs globally, it is important to synthesize the emerging integrated concept of LCT transfer with due consideration to the dynamics of the processes underpinning it. A robust view of international LCT transfer requires a holistic understanding of the various economic, political, institutional, and legal factors that impact widespread transfer of LCTs. Focusing on these factors, the primary objective of this paper is to place the recent empirical literature in LCT transfer within the framework of key theoretical and conceptual ideas in the broader innovation and technology transfer literature. We organize our synthesis of this literature under three overarching themes: intellectual property rights; recipient country characteristics; and the role of international partnerships. By focusing on the dynamics of LCT transfer, this paper provides structured insights from the existing body of work, while also outlining fruitful directions to take in future research.
Disfluency in L2 Chinese Academic Oral Presentations and Formulaic Language Instruction

This chapter reviews discussion and findings in the research of second language speaking fluency and its relationship with formulaic language instruction. It examines the disfluent phenomenon in thirty-nine L2 Chinese academic oral presentations. There are eight types of disfluencies found in the data. It is suggested that training in common formulaic sequences in Chinese presentations can provide learners useful framing structures for their presentations. Knowing formulaic sequences can help them conserve mental effort in areas such as transitions and sentence building, thus allowing them to focus their attention on the content and more challenging vocabulary related to the subject. A Chinese Academic Formulas for Presentation (CAFP) list of four subcategories of formulaic sequences is therefore created in order to offer useful language tools for L2 learners to improve fluency in their academic oral presentations. Activities used to develop learners’ knowledge of the formulaic language in the presentation are also proposed to enhance formulaic language instruction in the classroom.
The Case for Targeted Pandemic Payments: How to Fight a Pandemic and Global Recession at the Same Time

In response to pandemics, like with the novel coronavirus, I suggest governments make targeted, individualized payments to both businesses and workers in at-risk industries. These payments will incentivize them to cut back on their activities in direct response to the contagion. I argue that targeted payments would do more to fight both the pandemic and the associated recession, all while respecting the rights of businesses to operate and employees to work.
E-116 Clinical characteristics, stroke mechanism and outcome of isolated symptomatic basilar artery stenosis

Background While diffuse atherosclerotic disease affecting the posterior circulation has been described extensively, the prevalence, natural history and angiographic characteristics of isolated symptomatic basilar artery stenosis (ISBAS) remains unknown. Methods We reviewed our prospectively acquired institutional database to identify patients with ≥ 50% symptomatic basilar artery (BA) stenosis without significant atherosclerotic burden in the vertebral or posterior cerebral arteries. Stroke mechanism, collateral circulation through the posterior communicating arteries, degree and length of the stenosis were analyzed. The primary outcome was time from index event to new transient ischemic attack (TIA), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or death. Other outcome variables included modified Rankin scale (mRS) score on discharge and last follow-up. Results Of 6369 patients with AIS/TIA, only 91 (1.43%) had ISBAS. Seventy-three (80.2%) patients presented with AIS and 18 (19.8%) with TIA. Twenty-nine (31.9%) were women and the median age was 66.8 ± 13.6 years. The mean follow-up time was 2.7 years. The most common stroke mechanism was artery-to-artery thromboembolism (50.8%), followed by perforator occlusion (32.3%) and flow-dependent/hypoperfusion (16.9%). The percentage of stenosis was lower in patients who had favorable outcome compared to those with mRS 3–6 on discharge (78.3 ± 14.3 vs 86.9 ± 14.5, p=0.007). Kaplan-Meier curves showed higher recurrence/death rates in patients with ≥ 80% stenosis, mid-basilar location and poor collateral circulation. Approximately 13% of ISBAS patients presented with complete BA occlusion. Conclusion ISBAS is an uncommon (1.5%) cause of TIAs and AIS. Males in their sixties are mostly affected and artery-to-artery embolism is the most common stroke mechanism. Mid-basilar location, ≥ 80% stenosis and poor collateral circulation are important factors associated with worse prognosis. Keywords: basilar artery stenosis, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, intracranial atherosclerotic disease, stroke mechanism, collateral circulation, posterior circulation. Disclosures E. Samaniego: None. A. Shaban: None. S. Ortega-Gutierrez: None. D. Hasan: None. C. Derdeyn: None. B. Dai: None. J. Roa: None. H. Adams: None. E. Leira: None.
Health and social impacts of California wildfires and the deficiencies in current recovery resources: An exploratory qualitative study of systems-level issues.

BACKGROUND: Wildfires in California have become more deadly and destructive in recent years, and four of the ten most destructive fires occurred in 2017 and 2018. Through interviews with service providers, this article explores how these recent wildfires have impacted surrounding communities and the role various recovery resources have played in responding to the short- and long-term health and social needs of survivors. METHODS: Using a purposive sampling methodology, we interviewed 21 health and social service personnel who assisted in wildfire recovery efforts in California in 2017 and 2018. The study participants worked or volunteered in medical facilities, social services agencies and philanthropy/nonprofit organizations located in communities affected by wildfires. Participants were asked about three common, overarching themes that fire-impacted communities navigate post-disaster: health issues, social issues, and response and recovery resources. Inductive coding was used to identify common subthemes. RESULTS: The two most frequently discussed social issues during interviews were housing and employment access. Mental and emotional well-being and access to health resources were identified as being the most challenging health concerns that survivors face post-disaster. Participants also identified the following private and public recovery resources that survivors use to attempt to restabilize following the fire: community support, county agencies, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA,) insurance companies and philanthropic organizations. However, participants noted that the cumulative impacts of these efforts still leave many of their patients and clients without the resources needed to restabilize emotionally, financially and physically. Finally, participants spoke about the community-wide, downstream impacts of wildfires, noting that "survivors" are not only those whose health is immediately compromised by the disaster. CONCLUSION: Given the worsening wildfire seasons in California, we must increase our understanding of both the scope of the health and social issues that survivors navigate following a disaster, as well as the effectiveness and sustainability of recovery resources available to survivors. We must also understand the "ripple effect" that wildfires have on surrounding communalities, impacting housing access, social services, and health care access. More research and support, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic, is urgently needed to improve our ability to support the health and social needs of wildfire survivors in the future.
Low temperature autoignition of Jet A and surrogate jet fuel

Abstract An experimental study of the low-temperature and low-pressure autoignition of Jet A and surrogate fuels was conducted using the ASTM-E659 standardized test method. Two surrogate fuels (Aachen and JI mixtures), their individual components and two batches (POSF-4658 and POSF-10325) of standardized Jet A were tested using the ASTM-E659 method for a range of fuel concentrations and temperatures. The ignition behaviors were categorized into four distinct ignition modes. The individual hydrocarbon components had a wide range of ignition behaviors and minimum autoignition temperatures (AIT) values depending on the molecular structure. The two Jet A batches showed similar ignition behavior with measured AITs of 229 ±3°C and 225 ±3°C respectively. Both surrogates exhibited similar ignition behavior to Jet A with comparable AITs of 219 ±3.1°C (Aachen) and 228 ±3°C (JI) with the JI mixture proving to be a more suitable surrogate to Jet A in the low-temperature thermal ignition regime.
Capnography: The Science, Logistics, Applications, and Limitations for Procedural Sedation

Capnography has become mandatory to monitor ventilation and enhance safety of children during sedation procedures. Capnography alerts the clinicians of apnea and airway obstruction before the occurrence of hypoxia. Pediatric dentistry is no exception, and capnography can be used to monitor ventilation. Capnography also serves as an indirect monitor of cardiac output. An understanding principle of capnography is essential to precisely sample and monitor ventilation during sedation, particularly during oral procedures where dilution of expired gases by air or concomitantly administered oxygen is a possibility. Many sampling devices are currently available and allow ventilation assessment during sedation.
Relating Union Density to Wealth Inequality and Subjective Well-Being Across 13 OECD Countries

Since the 1980s, the labor union density has gradually declined across member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), indicating a lowering percentage of employees represented by unions. In the United States, the declining union density has been shown to have an impact on wealth inequality, which has increased correspondingly. With a lack of representation by labor unions, workers are less secure in their jobs, which could cause a reduction in job satisfaction and an increase in stress. Therefore, a declining union density can also influence the subjective well-being of an impacted group. The aim of this research was to identify and investigate the potential relationships between union density and wage inequality and union density and subjective well-being across thirteen countries through regression analysis. The thirteen countries selected were all developed, industrialized democracies and members of the OECD. Simple linear regressions were made using the most recent national data for union density, wealth inequality, and subjective well-being. Regression analysis was performed on the most recent data points of the countries as a group, and for each country individually over a period of time. There was a moderate-strong, negative correlation (R = - 0.608) for the regression of wealth inequality versus union density, yet inconsistent correlation coefficients between countries individually. There was a moderate-weak, positive correlation (R = 0.353) for the regression of subjective well-being versus union density, with more consistent correlation coefficients between countries individually.
Kernicterus Spectrum Disorders Diagnostic Toolkit: validation using retrospective chart review.

Background Kernicterus Spectrum Disorders (KSDs) result from hyperbilirubinemia-induced brain injury. We developed a Toolkit (KSD-TK) to predict the likelihood of KSDs. This study aims to validate the KSD-TK by comparing it to clinical diagnoses made by the Kernicterus Clinic in the Division of Neurology. Methods Through retrospective chart review, we completed a KSD-TK for 37 patients evaluated between 2011 and 2019 using highest bilirubin, newborn risk factors, neonatal exam, follow-up exam, auditory testing, tooth enamel, and MRI brain results. KSD-TK results were compared to the clinical diagnoses given by a kernicterus expert (SS). Results Of 37 patients, 29 were clinically diagnosed with kernicterus, including 14/14 with KSD-TK scored as "definite", 14/15 "probable", and 1/2 with "possible" kernicterus. None of 6 patients with KSD-TK "not kernicterus" were clinically diagnosed with kernicterus. Combining KSD-TK "definite" and "probable", the KSD-TK has 96.6% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity. Each KSD-TK component had high sensitivity, but only three had specificity ≥0.75: auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, abnormal movements and/or tone on follow-up exam, and abnormal globus pallidus and/or subthalamic nucleus on MRI. Conclusion The KSD-TK is a promising screening tool for patients at risk for kernicterus. Impact This study provides validation of a Kernicterus Spectrum Disorders (KSDs) Toolkit. The toolkit provides screening criteria for predicting KSD diagnosis. Scores of definite or probable have high sensitivity and specificity for KSDs. Abnormal auditory processing, exam, and MRI were most specific for KSDs.
Scientific Discourse (Rhetoric of Science)

Two major implications for science education exist from the study of scientific discourse. First, students must understand the way in which scientists explain their work generally. Second, students should “do” science by producing arguments that approximate the current discussion among practicing scientists.
Analog VLSI autonomous systems for learning and optimization

The integration of adaptive functions within analog neural hardware, while certainly promising to enhance system performance, has for long been hindered by technological difficulties due to the complexity and sensitivity of standard adaptation algorithms. We present a general framework for self-contained adaptation in analog VLSI supporting a broad class of supervised learning and optimization tasks, which largely alleviates the implementation problems by virtue of a robust system approach exploiting statistics and redundancy in stochastic processes. Specifically, the framework includes: (i) a perturbative algorithm based on stochastic approximation to optimize a set of parameters in an arbitrary deterministic system, these parameters being adjusted according to global performance evaluations rather than using explicit knowledge about the internal structure of the system; and (ii) a scalable and modular CMOS architecture that implements this algorithm, and that additionally provides for embedded long-term dynamic storage of the volatile analog parameter values, quantized locally and refreshed autonomously on capacitors with direct external access in both digital and analog formats. We analyze the convergence and scaling properties of the stochastic algorithm, present on-line versions of the algorithm for supervised learning in dynamical systems, and provide experimental results demonstrating real-time trajectory learning on an analog CMOS chip containing a network of six fully recurrent dynamical neurons. We also include results demonstrating robust long-term retention of locally stored volatile information in analog VLSI using the autonomous refresh technique.
Annealing effects on Laves phase-related body-centered-cubic solid solution metal hydride alloys

Abstract Effects of thermal annealing (between 800 and 1100 °C) on the structural, gaseous phase and electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of a Laves phase-related body-centered-cubic (BCC) alloy, Ti15.6Zr2.1V40.0Cr11.2Mn6.9Co1.4Ni22.5Al0.3, were studied. Only BCC, TiNi, and C14 phases appeared in the as-cast sample. Annealing at 800 and 900 °C increased the main hydrogen storage BCC phase abundance and reduced C14 and TiNi catalytic phases. Annealing at 1000 °C promoted the formation of Ti2Ni phase. A σ-VNi phase appeared after annealing at 1100 °C. In addition, the annealed samples also contained Zr and TiO2 debris. Electrochemical results suggested optimized annealing conditions of 900 °C for 12-h to optimize the storage capacity, high-rate performance, and activation due to a favorable balance in abundance between storage phase (BCC) and catalytic phases (C14 and TiNi).
Chromosome conformation of human fibroblasts grown in 3-dimensional spheroids.

In the study of interphase chromosome organization, genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) maps are often generated using 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures. These 2D cells have morphological deviations from cells that exist in 3-dimensional (3D) tissues in vivo, and may not maintain the same chromosome conformation. We used Hi-C maps to test the extent of differences in chromosome conformation between human fibroblasts grown in 2D cultures and those grown in 3D spheroids. Significant differences in chromosome conformation were found between 2D cells and those grown in spheroids. Intra-chromosomal interactions were generally increased in spheroid cells, with a few exceptions, while inter-chromosomal interactions were generally decreased. Overall, chromosomes located closer to the nuclear periphery had increased intra-chromosomal contacts in spheroid cells, while those located more centrally had decreased interactions. This study highlights the necessity to conduct studies on the topography ...