cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPECT in Dementia: Clinical and Pathological Correlation

BACKGROUND: The clinical diagnosis of dementia continues to be flawed. Although the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is better than 90% at research centers in highly selected patients, the diagnosis of patients with non-AD dementias and atypical AD patients is poor. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a functional imaging technique touted as a diagnostic technique for the degenerative disorders. However there have been few clinicopathological studies using SPECT. METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive dementia patients were evaluated clinically at a University-based specialty dementia clinic, and a diagnosis of a specific dementia was made. SPECT imaging was used in helping to select a clinical diagnosis. The correlations between clinical, SPECT and autopsy diagnoses were analyzed. RESULTS: Single photon emission computed tomography predicted pathologic diagnosis in 25 of 27 patients with dementia (92.6%), compared with clinical diagnosis, which was confirmed in 20/27 (74.1%). Distinct patterns were associated with dementia caused by AD, Fronto-Temporal Dementia (FTD), and Jakob-Creutzfeldt Disease (JCD). Vascular insults not seen with computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were found with SPECT. Three different pathologies were found in patients with Par-kinsonian-Dementias (PD): Lewy-Body Variant of AD, Diffuse Lewy-bodies without plaques, and substantia nigra neu-ronal loss without plaques or Lewy-bodies. All showed a temporal-parietal pattern with SPECT that was similar to AD. CONCLUSION: SPECT provides useful positive information in dementia, particularly the differentiation of AD, FTD, and JCD. However, it does not distinguish PD from AD.
Evolving Views of Computer-Aided Planning

This article reviews the planning profession's changing views of the role of computer technology in planning practice, research, and education. It begins by reviewing the literature reflecting the ...
Deep Vein Thrombosis: Endovascular Management

Deep vein thrombosis is a condition that affects hundreds of thousands of patients each year. The major complications include pulmonary embolus with the potential for loss of life and post-thrombotic syndrome with the potential for loss of function of the limb. Extensive clinical research over the last 40 years has improved the techniques to remove the thrombus from the affected limb and reduce the likelihood of developing post-thrombotic syndrome. These treatments have included intravenous systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed thrombolysis, surgical thrombectomy, and most recently pharmacomechanical thrombectomy to rapidly fragment, lyse, and remove the thrombus from the affected limb. This last technique may finally transform the treatment of acute deep vein thrombus from strictly conservative medical therapy to a minimally invasive procedure that can remove the thrombus to improve the quality of life of millions of individuals suffering from the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis. Mt Sinai J Med 77:286-295, 2010. (c) 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
Outcome of Adverse Events and Medical Errors in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Adverse events and medical errors (AEs/MEs) are more likely to occur in the intensive care unit (ICU). Information about the incidence and outcomes of such events is conflicting. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the effects of MEs/AEs on mortality and hospital and ICU lengths of stay among ICU patients. Potentially eligible studies were identified from 4 major databases. Of 902 studies screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria, 10 of which are included in the quantitative analysis. Patients with 1 or more MEs/AEs (vs no MEs/AEs) had a nonsignificant increase in mortality (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-2.14) but significantly longer hospital and ICU stays; the mean difference (95% CI) was 8.9 (3.3-14.7) days for hospital stay and 6.8 (0.2-13.4) days for ICU. The ICU environment is associated with a substantial incidence of MEs/AEs, and patients with MEs/AEs have worse outcomes than those with no MEs/AEs.
AlGaAs/GaAs HBT linearity characteristics

Communication systems require linear power amplifiers with high efficiency and very low intermodulation distortion. AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) were found to have very low intermodulation distortion in power operation. Two-tone tests were carried out on both common-emitter (CE) and common-base (CB) power HBT's. At 7 GHz, the CE HBT showed -20 dBc IM/sub 3/ (third-order intermodulation ratio) and 12% power added efficiency (PAE) per tone at the 1 dB gain compression point; IM/sub 3/ dropped to -30 dBc at 1.5 dB output power backoff. The CE HBT has lower intermodulation distortion than CB HBT. Load pull data were collected to aid the understanding of the intermodulation. Parameters of the Gummel-Poon model (as used in SPICE) were derived for HBT's based on dc data and small-signal S parameters at various bias points. The accuracy and validity of the model were confirmed by comparison to experimental two-tone results. SPICE predicts that the emitter and base resistances linearize the HBT and reduce the third-order intermodulation distortion. The excellent third-order intermodulation performance of the CE HBT makes it a very attractive choice for linear power amplifiers. >
United States National Trends in Ankle Arthroscopy: Analysis of the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery and National Hospital Discharge Survey.

Background. Ankle arthroscopy is increasingly being utilized for disorders previously limited to management with open surgery. Despite uniformly good results and few complications, little is known regarding national trends in ankle arthroscopy. This study sought to investigate changes in the use of inpatient and ambulatory ankle arthroscopy in the United States. Methods. The National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery and the National Hospital Discharge Survey were used to identify cases of ankle arthroscopy. The data were analyzed for trends in demographics, treatment, and use. Results: Between 1994 and 2006, the population-adjusted rate of ankle arthroscopy increased by 65% (4.9/100 000 capita to 8.1/100 000 capita). The rate of ambulatory procedures increased by 80%, whereas the rate of inpatient procedures decreased by 95%. Sex-adjusted rates increased by 90% for males and 32% for females. The largest increases in age-adjusted rates were among patients 35 to 54 years of age. The proportion of procedures performed in freestanding ambulatory facilities increased from 15% to 49%. Use of peripheral nerve blocks during ambulatory procedures increased from 6% to 26%. Private insurance was the largest compensator at all times, and the proportion of workers' compensation payments increased from 8% to 22% during the study period. Conclusions. Results from the most recently available Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data demonstrated that rates of ambulatory ankle arthroscopy increased, whereas rates of inpatient ankle arthroscopy decreased dramatically between 1994 and 2006. Understanding national practice patterns can aid policy makers and surgeons in allocating health care resources, so as to ensure quality patient care. Levels of Evidence: N/A (descriptive epidemiology study)
The Battle for Equivalency Female US Marines Discuss Sexuality, Physical Fitness, and Military Leadership

After decades of debate, a void still exists in the literature and socio-political dialog related to the unrestricted and unbiased inclusion of women in the military. The issue remains so highly charged that a fresh theoretical framework is necessary to accurately align the physical and social constraints in which military women serve. Offered here are findings of an exploratory study framed within a synthesis of evolutionary psychological and sociological theory. Distinction between the word “equivalent” as opposed to “equal” is critical in recognizing the physicality, skills, and talents both males and females bring to their Marine Corps experience. Qualitative data obtained from 67 female Marine Staff Non-commissioned Officers, Warrant Officers, and commissioned officers describe tactics to achieve levels of operational competency, respect, trust, and success in the Marine Corps. An achievable goal, the successful woman must manage her physicality, sexuality, and femininity adeptly to achieve the trust...
GENDERING THE AGENDA: THE IMPACT OF THE TRANSNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT AT THE UN CONFERENCES OF THE 1990S

Abstract In 1995, over 30,000 women's rights advocates attended the United Nations (UN) Fourth World Conference on Women and made a substantial difference in conference outcomes. However, advocates' achievements at their “own” conference was not the central gain of the 1990s. It was their success in “gendering the agenda” of the other global conferences of the 1990s: mainstreaming gender analysis into areas considered “gender-neutral” and prioritizing women's rights as integral to conference goals. However, the success of the transnational women's rights movement was accompanied by a major challenge: the development of a transnational conservative countermovement. To explain both the success and challenges of the movement, this article extends local/national social movement analysis to the transnational level.
Effects of phosphate fertilization, lime amendments and inoculation with VA-mycorrhizal fungi on soybeans in an acid soil

Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Essex] were grown in nonsterile acid (pH. 5.2) infertile Wynnville silt loam (Glossic Fragiudult) in a glasshouse. The effects of P fertilization and lime were determined by inoculation with two VAM-fungi (VAMF): Glomus fasciculatum (Gf) and Glomus etunicatum (Ge). An important factor affected by the interaction between applied lime (soil acidity), applied P, and VAMF inoculation was the soil Al. Five application rates of P as KH2PO4 and three rates of lime were tested. Potassium was equalized with KCl (muriate of potash). P-efficiency (g seed/mg P kg-1 soil) by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) was maximal at 20 mg P kg-1 soil at all lime and VAMF treatments. VAMF inoculation increased plant survival and protected the soybeans from leaf scorch, thereby substituting for the effects of lime and P. The Ge inoculum was superior in ameliorating leaf scorch in the nonlimed soil. The Gf inoculum required more lime and P than the Ge inoculum to increase seed yield relative to the noninoculated controls containing only native VAMF. Both inocula increased root Al uptake and extractable soil Al in the acid soil without apparent adverse effects on root or shoot. The ability of the VAMF inocula to enhance the efficiency of applied P and decrease seed Cl concentration was increased by lime. Seed yield (Y) was negatively related to seed Cl concentration (X) where Y=aX-b. Both VAMF inoculation and lime application reduced this negative relationship and may have increased the tolerance to both Cl and soil Al.
Towards athermal slotted silicon microring resonators with UV-trimmable PMMA upper-cladding

We demonstrate that PMMA upper cladding on the slotted silicon micoring resonators can reduce the resonance thermal dependence from 91 pm/° to 27 pm/°C. UV trimming can shift the resonance wavelength 0.5 nm.
Small Manufacturing and Nonmetropolitan Socioeconomic Well-Being

We build on earlier work by Mills and Ulmer in which characteristics of the local economic base, particularly establishment size, were related to civic welfare. They posit that small business is ‘good’ for local community welfare, whereas big business is ‘bad’ for it. Data from County Business Patterns and various population censuses are used to examine this issue for US nonmetropolitan counties. With regression procedures adjusted for spatial autocorrelation across counties, we find support for the Mills and Ulmer hypothesis for three measures of civic welfare.
The effects of rarity and abundance distributions on measurements of local morphological disparity

Understanding the relationships between morphological disparity and environment, geography, and scale require examination at the local level. Even with disparity metrics that are inherently sample size independent, the nature of rare species and the segregation of common and rare species within morphospace can create substantial sampling issues. Eight well-sampled, Late Ordovician crinoid assemblages were examined for potential biases in the study of local disparity. Disparity is based on the ordination of discrete characters. The rare and common species within these assemblages contributed equally to disparity. In spite of this pattern, rare species in some localities occupy a different area of morphospace, causing disparity to vary greatly with sampling intensity. Morphological rarefaction based on the number of specimens shows that disparity weighted by abundance is constant past a sample size of approximately 30 individuals. This metric is dependent on the evenness within an assemblage as well as the abundance within subgroups in morphospace. Disparity weighted according to abundance gives a view of the functional disparity of an assemblage, which is more applicable in studies of local disparity, though unweighted disparity is still preferred in regional-scale studies and in investigations of morphospace filling through a clade's history.
Double Sampling with Partial Information on Auxiliary Variables

Abstract It is well known that the precision of an estimator can be improved if auxiliary variables are used. In particular, if the relationship is linear, a linear regression estimator is constructed. When the mean of the auxiliary variable is completely unknown, double sampling techniques can be adopted. If the experimenter has partial information about the mean, he may perform a preliminary test and construct a preliminary test estimator. The bias, mean square error and relative efficiency are obtained for the preliminary test estimator. Recommendation of the levels of the preliminary test and optimum allocation of sample sizes are given. When the prior distribution of the mean of the auxiliary variable is normal, a maximum likelihood estimator is obtained.
Pose detection of 3-D objects using images sampled on SO(3), spherical harmonics, and wigner-D matrices

Determining the pose of three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional images has become an important issue in industrial automation applications. Eigendecomposition represents one computationally efficient method for dealing with this class of problems. One major drawback of using the eigendecomposition technique is the expensive off-line computation required to calculate the optimal subspace. This off-line computational expense may preclude the use of eigendecomposition for industrial applications where time is of the essence. In this work, we address this issue by proposing a computationally efficient algorithm for estimating the eigendecomposition to a user specified accuracy. In particular, we sample the rotation group SO(3) in a manner that allows us to take advantage of the correlation in SO(3) and transform the data from the spatial domain to the spectral domain. We then present an algorithm to estimate the eigendecomposition in this domain, thus relieving the computational burden. Experimental results are presented to compare the proposed algorithm to the true eigendecomposition, as well as assess the computational savings.
Migratory properties of naive, effector, and memory CD8(+) T cells.

It has been proposed that two different antigen-experienced T cell subsets may be distinguishable by their preferential ability to home to lymphoid organs (central memory cells) or nonlymphoid tissues (effector memory/effector cells). We have shown recently that murine antigen-primed CD8+ T cells cultured in interleukin (IL)-15 (CD8IL-15) resemble central memory cells in phenotype and function. In contrast, primed CD8+ T cells cultured in IL-2 (CD8IL-2) become cytotoxic effector cells. Here, the migratory behavior of these two subsets was investigated. Naive, CD8IL-15 cells and, to a lesser degree, CD8IL-2 cells localized to T cell areas in the spleen, but only naive and CD8IL-15 cells homed to lymph nodes (LNs) and Peyer's patches. Intravital microscopy of peripheral LNs revealed that CD8IL-15 cells, but not CD8IL-2 cells, rolled and arrested in high endothelial venules (HEVs). Migration of CD8IL-15 cells to LNs depended on L-selectin and required chemokines that bind CC chemokine receptor (CCR)7. Both antigen-experienced populations, but not naive T cells, responded to inflammatory chemokines and accumulated at sites of inflammation. However, CD8IL-2 cells were 12 times more efficient in migrating to inflamed peritoneum than CD8IL-15 cells. Furthermore, CD8IL-15 cells proliferated rapidly upon reencounter with antigen at sites of inflammation. Thus, central memory-like CD8IL-15 cells home avidly to lymphoid organs and moderately to sites of inflammation, where they mediate rapid recall responses, whereas CD8IL-2 effector T cells accumulate in inflamed tissues, but are excluded from most lymphoid organs.
Polarization friendly retrodirective antenna array

A polarization friendly rectrodirective array (RDA) is presented. The proposed RDA can receive any polarization and always retransmit the signal back to the interrogator with the predictable (orthogonal) polarization. This added feature can mitigate polarization mismatch loss and provide a more secure communication link. The proposed polarization friendly RDA shows excellent retrodirectivity for various received polarization states.
Cell death and neuronal replacement during formation of the avian ciliary ganglion.

Programmed cell death is a prominent feature of embryonic development and is essential in matching the number of neurons to the target tissues that are innervated. Although a decrease in neuronal number which coincides with peripheral synaptogenesis has been well documented in the avian ciliary ganglion, it has not been clear whether cell death also occurs earlier. We observed TUNEL-positive neurons as early as stage 24, with a large peak at stage 29. This cell death at stage 29 was followed by a statistically significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in total neuron number at stage 31. The total number of neurons was recovered by stage 33/34. This suggested that dying neurons were replaced by new neurons. This replacement process did not involve proliferation because bromodeoxyuridine applied at stages 29 and 31 was unable to label neurons harvested at stage 33/34. The peak of cell death at stage 29 was increased 2.3-fold by removal of the optic vesicle and was reduced by 50% when chCNTF was overexpressed. Taken together, these results suggest that the regulation of neuron number in the ciliary ganglion is a dynamic process involving both cell death and neural replacement from postmitotic precursors prior to differentiation and innervation of target tissues.
Effects of height on treetop transpiration and stomatal conductance in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)

Summary Treetops become increasingly constrained by gravity-induced water stress as they approach maximum height. Here we examine the effects of height on seasonal and diurnal sap flow dynamics at the tops of 12 unsuppressed Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. (coast redwood) trees 68–113 m tall during one growing season. Average treetop sap velocity (VS), transpiration per unit leaf area (EL) and stomatal conductance per unit leaf area (GS) significantly decreased with increasing height. These differences in sap flow were associated with an unexpected decrease in treetop sapwood area-to-leaf area ratios (AS:AL) in the tallest trees. Both EL and GS declined as soil moisture decreased and vapor pressure deficit (D) increased throughout the growing season with a greater decline in shorter trees. Under high soil moisture and light conditions, reference GS (GSref; GS at D = 1 kPa) and sensitivity of GS to D (−δ ;d GS/dlnD) significantly decreased with increasing height. The close relationship we observed between GSref and −δ is consistent with the role of stomata in regulating EL and leaf water potential (ΨL). Our results confirm that increasing tree height reduces gas exchange of treetop foliage and thereby contributes to lower carbon assimilation and height growth rates asS. sempervirens approaches maximum height.
Spatial filtering of first-arriving light

The effect of combining low-pass spatial filtering with the first-arriving-light method for imaging through a scattering medium was investigated. The modification is highly effective for media having a significant specular transmission component but is essentially ineffective for media without a specular component.
Branch regulation: low-overhead protection from code reuse attacks

Code reuse attacks (CRAs) are recent security exploits that allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on a compromised machine. CRAs, exemplified by return-oriented and jump-oriented programming approaches, reuse fragments of the library code, thus avoiding the need for explicit injection of attack code on the stack. Since the executed code is reused existing code, CRAs bypass current hardware and software security measures that prevent execution from data or stack regions of memory. While software-based full control flow integrity (CFI) checking can protect against CRAs, it includes significant overhead, involves non-trivial effort of constructing a control flow graph, relies on proprietary tools and has potential vulnerabilities due to the presence of unintended branch instructions in architectures such as x86---those branches are not checked by the software CFI. We propose branch regulation (BR), a lightweight hardware-supported protection mechanism against the CRAs that addresses all limitations of software CFI. BR enforces simple control flow rules in hardware at the function granularity to disallow arbitrary control flow transfers from one function into the middle of another function. This prevents common classes of CRAs without the complexity and run-time overhead of full CFI enforcement. BR incurs a slowdown of about 2% and increases the code footprint by less than 1% on the average for the SPEC 2006 benchmarks.
Eval: A software package for analysis of genome annotations

Eval is a flexible tool for analyzing the performance of gene annotation systems. It provides summaries and graphical distributions for many descriptive statistics about any set of annotations, regardless of their source. It also compares sets of predictions to standard annotations and to one another. Input is in the standard Gene Transfer Format (GTF). Eval can be run interactively or via the command line, in which case output options include easily parsable tab-delimited files. To obtain the module package with documentation, go to http://genes.cse.wustl.edu/ and follow links for Resources, then Software. Please contact brent@cse.wustl.edu
Oxygen isotope record of the 1997–1998 El Niño in Peruvian sea catfish (Galeichthys peruvianus) otoliths

[1] Sagittal otoliths of the Peruvian sea catfish Galeichthys peruvianus were collected from the north coast of Peru during and after the 1997–1998 El Nino. The otoliths were analyzed via laser microprobe and micromilling techniques for oxygen isotope composition through ontogeny to document their use as an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) proxy. Results were compared to theoretical calculations for the δ18O of otolith aragonite using measured sea surface temperatures (SST) and δ18O values for local seawater assuming equilibrium oxygen isotope fractionation was achieved. All otoliths recorded the 1997–1998 El Nino event as well as seasonal temperature variations. These ENSO events were recorded in otolith aragonite as significant negative excursions in δ18O that reflected the increased temperature of local marine waters. The combined otolith data were used to create a 10-year SST record, including ENSO events and local seasonal temperature variation, validating the use of otolith δ18O as a temperature proxy.
A priori execution time analysis for parallel processes

A method of knowing a priori the time required by parallel processes to complete their execution is described, which allows for the automatic estimation of an upper bound for a task's execution time. The method is discussed within the framework of the high-level real-time programming language Pearl. Several language extensions are defined to enable the execution-time estimations for all language constructs. The practical implementation of the method is based on a combination of a control-flow analyzer with procedures determining the execution times of compiled code and carrying out the developed estimation rules, respectively. The importance of the method for the utilization of deadline-driven scheduling is pointed out. >
Overview of trauma.

A program for the optimal treatment of trauma includes a preplanned emergency medical services system in which the injury levels of patients are carefully defined and correlated with categorization of facilities into levels of care. Guidelines for categorization, controversial areas in the regionalization of trauma care, and public education are also discussed.
Development of a Mine Rescue Drilling System (MRDS)

Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) has a long history in developing compact, mobile, very high-speed drilling systems and this technology could be applied to increasing the rate at which boreholes are drilled during a mine accident response. The present study reviews current technical approaches, primarily based on technology developed under other programs, analyzes mine rescue specific requirements to develop a conceptual mine rescue drilling approach, and finally, proposes development of a phased mine rescue drilling system (MRDS) that accomplishes (1) development of rapid drilling MRDS equipment; (2) structuring improved web communication through the Mine Safety & Health Administration (MSHA) web site; (3) development of an improved protocol for employment of existing drilling technology in emergencies; (4) deployment of advanced technologies to complement mine rescue drilling operations during emergency events; and (5) preliminary discussion of potential future technology development of specialized MRDS equipment. This phased approach allows for rapid fielding of a basic system for improved rescue drilling, with the ability to improve the system over time at a reasonable cost.
Overcoming Barriers To Providing Local Produce in School Lunches in Vermont

Vermont is a leader in connecting its agricultural sector to its education system in order to provide schoolchildren with fresh, local produce. Adopting farm to school programs is not easier in Vermont; in fact, school administrators and food service directors cite the same barriers as can be found throughout the country. However, some communities in Vermont have worked hard to address these barriers and are succeeding in getting fresh local foods into their schools' meals. This article reviews common barriers and challenges to successful farm to school programs and describes some of the creative ways that schools in Vermont have addressed them.
Abstract 1882: Gemcitabine pathway SNPs are associated with its PK parameters in patients with solid tumors

Gemcitabine (2′, 2′-difluoro 2′-deoxycytidine, dFdC) is a cytotoxic pyrimidine antimetabolite used as first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. It is as a pro-drug that undergoes cellular uptake through transporters like human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT1/SLC29A1) and human concentrative nucleoside transporters (hCNT1/SLC28A1 and hCNT3/SLC28A3) followed by extensive intracellular phosphorylation by kinases like deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) and cytidine monophosphate kinase (CMPK) to its active diphosphorylated (dFdCDP) and triphosphorylated (dFdCTP) forms. Gemcitabine is primarily inactivated via deamination to its less potent metabolite 2′, 2′-difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) by cytidine deaminase (CDA). High inter-patient variability in response to gemcitabine treatment has been a major concern in gemcitabine chemotherapy. However, association of pharmacogenomics with gemcitabine pharmacokinetics (PK) has not been extensively studied so far. In the present study, therefore, we investigated association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in gemcitabine transport/metabolic pathway and pharmacokinetic parameter estimates for gemcitabine and metabolites in patients diagnosed with solid tumors. Pharmacokinetic blood sampling (n=40) was as follows: pre-infusion, 5, 15, 30, 45 min, and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the end of gemcitabine infusion. Gemcitabine and dFdU concentrations in plasma and intracellular dFdCTP levels in PBMCs were measured using HPLC-UV and LC MS/MS. A total of 86 SNPs in 14 genes viz. CDA, CMPK, CTPS, DCK, DCTD, NME1, NME2, NME3, NME4, NT5C2, NT5C3, SLC28A1, SLC28A3, and SLC29A1 were genotyped using Sequenom-based assays. Pharmacogenomic association was evaluated using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks (p≤0.05). SNPs in 5′ nucleotidase genes- rs1163075, rs1926029, rs11598702 and rs1712517 in NT5C2 and rs3750117 in NT5C3 were associated with gemcitabine elimination clearance. SNPs in CDA- rs1048977 and rs4655226 were associated with dFdU clearance. SNPs in CTPS- rs4430318, rs61780437 and rs1044457 were strongly associated with higher dFdCTP formation clearance. Additionally, CDA, DCTD, SLC28A1, SLC28A3 and SLC29A1 SNPs were also associated with dFdCTP formation clearance. The results from our study indicate pharmacogenomic association between gemcitabine pharmacokinetic pathway SNPs and PK parameters. Presence of these SNPs could impact outcomes for patients receiving gemcitabine therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1882. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1882
Evaluation method for anticorrosion coating failure of cooling towers

Concrete specimens were coated with epoxy phenolic coatings and coal tar epoxy coatings,respectively.Hot water accelerated aging tests of the coated concrete specimens were carried out in circulating water and deionized water.In the aging process,the water absorbing capacity of these coatings was measured and the surface morphologies were observed.The dependence of water absorbing capacity on suction time and aging time was analyzed to find out a method for evaluating the service life of anticorrosion coatings on cooling towers with circulating water.It is indicated that the service life of the coatings at the test temperature can be predicted according to the inflection point on the curve of water absorbing capacity to aging time,and then the service life at the service temperature can also be calculated based on the Vant Hoff regulation.
Effect of Pravastatin on Cerebral Damage in SHRsp and its Mechanism

Objective To study the effects of pravastatin on BP, lipids, cerebral damage and the endothelial function and morphology in SHRsp. Methods Thirty four SHRsp were randomized into the treatment group and the control group. 20 mg/kg/d pravastatin was given in treatment group and distilled water in the control group for 14 weeks. Serum TC, TG, LDL\|c and HDL\|c levels and blood pressure were determined. The histological changes in brain and kidney was examined. Immunohistochemical method and RT PCR were performed to explore pravastain's effects on the expression of eNOS in the endothelial cells in carotid artery and aorta. The serums were also measured to estimate the level of NO at the end of the study. Results After 14 weeks, pravastatin had no effect on BP. Serum TC and LDL\|c of the treatment group were 34.6% and 43.9% lower than those of the control group(TC:93.1±4.9 md/dl vs 60 8±2.2 mg/dl, P 0 05; LDL\|c: 45.7±2.1 mg/dl vs 25 7±1 6 mg/dl, P 0 05). Encephaledema and small artery damages such as elastic lamina injury were manifested in the control group. On the contrary, no obvious pathologic changes in the treatment group was found. Immunochemistry and RT PCR demonstrated the up regulation of eNOS expression in endothelial cells in the treatment group. Serum in the treatment group is significantly higher than that in the control group (34.7±2.5 μmol/L vs 24 4±2 4 μmol/L, P 0 05). Conclusion Pravastatin effectively prevent the cerebral damage of SHRsp. Pravastatin prevention reduce the cholesterol level of SHRsp, improve endothelial function and vascular structure. All of these may contribute to the mechanism of neuroprotective effects by pravastatin.
Investigation on sero-prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus infection among the population contacted closely with sheep in Dongxihu district,Wuhan

Objective To Investigate the sero-prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus infection among the population contacted closely with sheep in Dongxihu district,Wuhan,and analyze the possible risk factors to provide the basis for prevention and control of HE. Methods Blood samples,collected from the population contacted closely with sheep,and the general population as control,were tested for anti-HEV IgG by ELISA; basic information of the above two groups,and the risk factors being infected with HEV when closely contacted with sheep were investigated. Results The positive ratio of antiHEV IgG was 53. 79%,from 145 blood samples of the population contacted closely with sheep. It was 38. 61%,from 158samples of the general population,the difference was significant. Conclusions The HEV infection rate of the population contacted closely with sheep was obviously higher than that of the general population in Dongxihu district,Wuhan,the difference was significant. Those of full-time engaged in animal husbandry and older age might be the risk factors.
Preparticipation Screening of the Potential Athlete

The importance of the preparticipation physical examination (PPPE) is highlighted because it constitutes one of the few occasions in which the physician can actively prevent sports injuries. An understanding of the goals and objectives of the PPPE is discussed. The need is not for a standard evaluation form, but rather for a consistent understanding of the need to adjust the evaluation to the age and sex of the candidate, the type of sport engaged in, and the anticipated level of competition. Implementation procedures, frequency of examination, content, and finally, assessment of the athlete are discussed.
Parent reported outcomes of quality care and satisfaction in the context of a life-limiting fetal diagnosis

AbstractObjective: To identify which quality indicators (QI) predict patient satisfaction.Methods: A cross-sectional design using a validated tool was administered using a Web-based platform. Parents (n = 405) who experienced a life-limiting fetal diagnosis and opted to continue their pregnancy provided feedback on 37 QI and satisfaction with prenatal care. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression identified relationships among variables.Results: Parental satisfaction with care was 75.6%. Statistically significant differences in mean scores were reported with satisfied patients reporting higher agreement with quality indicators. Parents who were satisfied with their care had 1.9 times the odds of reporting that consistent care was provided (CI: 1.4–2.4, p < 0.01), 1.8 times the odds of reporting compassionate care (CI: 1.4–2.5, p < 0.01) and 1.8 times the odds that they received help to cope with their emotions (CI: 1.4–2.3, p < 0.01). The model correctly predicted parent satisfaction 92% of the time....
IRA Terrorism Conjoins the Atlantic Community, 1919–1922

The end of World War l dawned a new epoch for European society and ushered in a dynamic transatlantic community. Traditional economic barriers remained, and in some cases protectionism intensified, and despotic political tendencies continued, evidence by the rise in totalitarians, presenting difficult challenges for the new liberal-progressive order that emerged from the 1919 Versailles settlement. The collapse of ancient autocratic political institutions and the acceleration of global economic interdependence, fundamentally rearranging centuries old empires, reflected the highest aspirations of Atlantic Anglo-Saxon ideals and facilitated greater transnational cultural exchanges. The war in Europe not only propelled the United States among the global powers and enhanced American involvement in the process of globalization, but proved equally decisive for American interactions with transnational terrorism. The United States’ new global status, and its closer relationship with the British Empire, offered Americans new perspective on Irish terrorism and prompted policy-makers the opportunity to craft more coordinated responses to the greater challenges posed by Irish extremists.
A Comprehensive Theory of Spirituality and Religion

A psychosocial and developmental theory on spirituality and religion is outlined. The theory is based on the assumption that there is a core tendency for all people to appreciate, experience, accept, and express a spiritual dimension of life. There is a strong appreciation of how peoples’ culture and familial background are important in the development of religious practices. Even though people may adhere to similar religious practices, or nonreligious beliefs, there are varying pathways that people follow, which account for individual differences.
The Monetary Value of Time: Why Traditional Accounting Systems Make Customers Wait

Introduction Net Present Value: Just the Tip of the Iceberg Velocity Improves Productivity and Working Capital Measuring Lead Time Measuring Velocity Case Study: Velocity Impact on Results Product Cost The End and the Means: Why Do We Cost Products? Absorption versus Variable Costing Standard Cost Activity-Based Costing: Is It Really as Easy as ABC? Lean Accounting and Value Streams Theory of Constraints and Throughput Accounting Time-Based Accounting (TBA) Absorbing Costs on a Macro Level Eliminates Allocations What Does GAAP Have to Do with It? What GAAP really requires (and it's not standard cost) Variation, or Stuff Happens Variation Fallacy of Scheduling Models in Enterprise Resource Planning Mathematics Can Provide Useful Insights Modeling Your Value Stream Labor: Direct or Indirect? Cross-Trained or Specialized? Simplified Time-Based Accounting Make or Buy Decisions Cell Contribution Sample Contribution Financial Statement Presentation Incremental Contribution Pricing Strategies under High Mix/Low Volume Why Gross Profit Is a Poor Predictor of Profit Contribution? Why Margins Are Poor Predictors of Results? Contribution Pricing? Setup Cost, Batch Sizes, and Volume Discounts Is Inventory a Liability or an Asset? More on Simplified Time-Based Accounting Stop Absorbing Overhead and Eliminate Standard Cost Variance Reporting Feedback Loops Replace Variance Analysis with Improvement Activities Simplify Bills of Material Simplify Material Simplify Labor Simplify Overhead Sample Inventory Entries Time-Based Metrics What Is Wrong with Utilization? What Is Wrong with Efficiency? How about Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)? Metrics for Time-Based Systems Time-Based Cost Justifications Spare Capacity Planning for Equipment Spare Capacity Planning for People Time-Based Justification Template Time-Based Justification Examples A Road Map for Implementing Time-Based Accounting Making Customers Wait References Index
Series resistance: A monitor for hot carrier stress

In this work, we examine a series resistance extraction technique which yields accurate values from singe nano-scale devices. The series resistance values, derived from this extraction technique, are shown to be sensitive to hot carrier degradation and might possibly serve as new technique to monitor reliability in advanced devices.
Inscriptions, Mathematical Ideas and Reasoning in VMT

In this chapter, we trace collaborative problem solving as an interactive, layered building of meaning among learners working as a small group. Our analytic aim is to investigate how students through their inscriptive signs collaboratively build mathematical ideas, heuristics and lines of reasoning in the VMT environment.
Derivation of Hydroperoxyl Radical Levels at an Urban Site via Measurement of Pernitric Acid by Iodide Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is a key species to atmospheric chemistry. At warm temperatures, the HO2 and NO2 come to a rapid steady state with pernitric acid (HO2NO2). This paper presents the derivation of HO2 from observations of HO2NO2 and NO2 in metropolitan Atlanta, US, in winter 2014 and summer 2015. HO2 was observed to have a diurnal cycle with morning concentrations suppressed by high NO from the traffic. At night, derived HO2 levels were nonzero and exhibited correlations with O3 and NO3, consistent with previous studies that ozonolysis and oxidation by NO3 are sources of nighttime HO2. Measured and model calculated HO2 were in reasonable agreement: Without the constraint of measured HO2NO2, the model reproduced HO2 with a model-to-observed ratio (M/O) of 1.27 (r = 0.54) for winter, 2014, and 0.70 (r = 0.80) for summer, 2015. Adding measured HO2NO2 as a constraint, the model predicted HO2 with M/O = 1.13 (r = 0.77) for winter 2014 and 0.90 (r = 0.97) for summer 2015. These results demonstrate the f...
The model American foundation officer: Alan Gregg and the Rockefeller Foundation Medical Divisions

From 1919 to 1951, Alan Gregg and his mentor, Richard Pearce, directed the Medical Education and Medical SciencesDivisions of the Rockefeller Foundation. Although they oversaw the expenditure of millions of dollars, today they are forgotten. Yet, the system that Gregg administered became the model for the funding of biomedical research after the Second World War. This paper draws on the records of the Rockefeller Foundation to assess Gregg and his impact on biomedicine and philanthropy.
Victims’ Attendance in the Courtroom to Observe Proceedings

The foundational texts of the STL, ICC, and ECCC are silent as to whether victims’ are permitted to observe proceedings in person when otherwise not testifying or participating. Nor has the courts’ jurisprudence expressly clarified whether victims’ participatory rights encompass the observation of proceedings in person. Despite this, observational attendance has evolved through practice at the STL and the ECCC.
Role of Zerumbone in the Chemosensitization of Cancer Cells

Abstract The use of cytotoxic drugs for chemotherapy remains the major method for the treatment of malignant carcinoma. Chemotherapeutic drugs deliver the cytotoxic effect to the cancer cells targeting one of the symptoms of cancer—rapid cell division. As a result, many normal cells that are also rapidly dividing are equally affected by chemotherapy, causing severe side effects. Secondly, many cancer patients initially respond to the chemotherapy, but shortly thereafter, they develop resistance to the treatment. Chemosensitization can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy without augmenting side effects. Chemosensitization can be achieved by targeting different techniques adopted by cancer cells, such as multidrug resistance or aberrant signaling leading to cell division and antiapoptotic activities. Many plant-derived dietary phytochemicals, called nutraceuticals, with anticancer properties are currently under investigation for chemosensitization. Zerumbone, a phytochemical isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, has previously been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. New emerging research indicates that zerumbone could possibly be used for chemosensitization of cancer cells.
Natural Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Films for Packaging Applications

Recent interest in environmentally friendly bio-based polymers coupled with an increased food safety awareness has resulted in various packaging technology advances, including the incorporation of different kinds of nanofillers into biodegradable biopolymers to improve their overall properties for improving shelf life and preventing microbial growth. Among the different nanofillers that have recently emerged, graphene’s invention has catalyzed a multitude of novel material applications in different fields. Graphene has functionalized different biopolymers and has improved their mechanical, thermal, electrical, as well as, gas, and water vapor barrier properties, for potentially replacing petrochemical-based packaging materials that pose a great threat to the environment. The objective of this chapter is to provide comprehensive understanding of the different types of nanoreinforcement that are available for biodegradable packaging application, especially focusing on graphene oxide (GO), a graphene derivative nanofiller that is being extensively studied for packaging reinforcement. This chapter aims to draw a clear picture of synthesis and chemistry of bonding between graphene derivatives and biodegradable biopolymers suitable for packaging applications, like starch, cellulose, poly(lactic acid), and others. The methodology behind the chemical and physical changes during synthesis will be discussed, based on different spectroscopic characterization techniques, and the influence of chemical changes on resulting properties will also be highlighted. This chapter will also briefly go over other nanomaterials like clay, cellulose nanofibers, starch nanocrystals, and their usage in different biopolymers for packaging application. This will help to explain the synergy resulting from addition of nanomaterials, the use of different characterization techniques as well as the improvement in different properties.
Self-Concept Clarity and Social Role Transitions

Major transitions in people’s lives often disrupt people’s understanding of who they are. This chapter reviews how people’s social role transitions affect their self-concept clarity. We begin with an overview of these role transitions broadly defined, reviewing literature showing that both entering into a new social role and exiting a social role can undermine self-concept clarity. We then focus specifically on social role transition within romantic relationship contexts. In particular, we review the literature on relationship dissolution and self-concept clarity. Although, in general, the end of a relationship tends to undermine self-concept clarity, we highlight several moderators that can attenuate this effect. We then turn to the consequences of experiencing low self-concept clarity after the end of a relationship for well-being. Finally, we highlight six unresolved issues in this literature and identify directions for future research on social role transitions and self-concept clarity.
Safety profile of intraoperative methadone for analgesia after major spine surgery: An observational study of 1,478 patients.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of perioperative adverse events in patients receiving intravenous methadone for major spine surgery. Design: Retrospective review of perioperative records from March 2011 and February 2016. Setting: University of Virginia Healthsystem. Patients: Adult patients undergoing elective spinal fusion of two or more levels. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of respiratory depression, time to extubation, hypotension, hypoxemia, reintubation, cardiac complications, and death. Results: Reviewed 1,478 patient records. Mean intraoperative methadone dose was 0.14 ± 0.07 mg/kg. A total of 1,142 patients (77.4 percent) were extubated in the operating room, 543 (36.8 percent) experienced respiratory depression, 1,180 (79.8 percent) hypoxemia, and 22 (1.5 percent) required reintubation. Cardiac complications included arrhythmias (289 patients, 29.9 percent), QTc prolongation (568 patients, 58.8 percent), and myocardial infarction (16 patients, 1.1 percent). Two in hospital deaths occurred (0.14 percent). Conclusions: Mild-moderate respiratory depression is observed following a onetime dose of intraoperative methadone, and monitoring in an appropriate postoperative setting is recommended.