cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic Analysis of SIN3 Histone Modifying Complex Components During Development

Establishment and maintenance of histone acetylation levels are critical for metazoan development and viability. Disruption of the balance between acetylation and deacetylation by treatment with chemical histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors results in loss of cell proliferation, differentiation and/or apoptosis. Histone deacetylation by the SIN3 complex is essential in Drosophila and mice, as loss of the scaffolding factor SIN3 or the associated HDAC results in lethality. The objective of this study is to elucidate contributions of SIN3 complex components to these essential processes. We used the Drosophila model organism to carry out a systematic functional analysis of the SIN3 complex. We find that SIN3 associated proteins are essential for viability and cell proliferation during development. Additionally, tissue specific reduction of SIN3 complex components results in abnormal wing development. Interestingly, while knockdown of each factor resulted in similar phenotypes, their individual effects on recruitment of SIN3 to polytene chromosomes are distinct. Reduction of some factors leads to large changes in the morphology of the chromosome and/or greatly reduced SIN3 binding. These findings suggest that while individual SIN3 complex components work through distinct molecular mechanisms, they each make a substantial contribution to the overall function of this highly conserved histone deacetylase complex.
Assessing the censored linear regression model using martingale approximation

This paper presents a simulation-based procedure to assess the adequacy of the censored linear regression model. The procedure is based on a stochastic process whose null distribution can be approx...
Accelerated freezing due to droplet pinning on a nanopillared surface

The freezing process is significantly influenced by environmental factors and surface morphologies. At atmospheric pressure, a surface below the dew and freezing point temperature for a given relative humidity nucleates water droplets heterogeneously on the surface and then freezes. This paper examines the effect of nanostructured surfaces on the nucleation, growth, and subsequent freezing processes. Microsphere Photolithography (MPL) is used to pattern arrays of silica nanopillars. This technique uses a self-assembled lattice of microspheres to focus UV radiation to an array of photonic jets in photoresist. Silica is deposited using e-beam evaporation and lift-off. The samples were placed on a freezing stage at an atmospheric temperature of 22±0.5°C and relative humidities of 40% or 60%. The nanopillar surfaces had a significant effect on droplet dynamics and freezing behavior with freezing accelerated by an order of magnitude compared to a plain hydrophilic surface at 60% RH where the ice bridges need to cover a larger void for the propagation of the freezing front within the growing droplets. By pinning droplets, coalescence is suppressed for the nanopillared surface, altering the size distribution of droplets and accelerating the freezing process. The main mechanism affecting freezing characteristics was the pinning behavior of the nanopillared surface.
Heart Rate Variability and Acute Stress Among Novice Airway Managers.

Background The nature of medical emergencies places emergency physicians at risk for high levels of acute psychological stress (APS). Stress-modifying techniques like visualization, breath control, and mental practice may help mitigate APS, but objective markers of stress are difficult to measure in the clinical setting. We explored the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), a real-time measure of autonomic arousal, and self-reported APS among emergency medicine (EM) residents learning to intubate on actual patients. Methods This was a prospective study of postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) EM residents at a single academic medical center during their 1-month anesthesia rotation. We obtained repeated measures of HRV immediately before and during the first intubation attempt each day. Participants completed the modified Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) before intubation attempts and scored intubation difficulty using the Intubation Difficulty Scale. We analyzed HRV using root mean square of successive differences and analyzed data using clustered data methods and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results We enrolled eight PGY-1 residents and recorded 64 intubations. Mean HRV in the 2 minutes before intubation (17.88 ± 9.22) and during intubation (21.17 ± 13.46) was significantly lower than resting baseline (32.09 ± 15.23; adjusted mean difference [95% CI] = -13.90 [-20.35 to -7.45], p < 0.001; and -10.77 [-17.65 to -3.88], p = 0.02). Preintubation anxiety was negatively correlated with HRV (r = -0.39 [-0.58 to -0.16], p = 0.001). Intubation difficulty was not significantly correlated with HRV (r = -0.12 [-0.36 to 0.13], p = 0.35). Conclusions HRV shows promise as a real-time index of autonomic arousal and may serve as an outcome measure in the evaluation of stress-modifying interventions.
Formation of iodinated trihalomethanes and noniodinated disinfection byproducts during chloramination of algal organic matter extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa

The increasing occurrence of harmful algal blooms in surface waters may increase the input of algal organic matter (AOM) to the dissolved organic matter pool. The formation of iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs) and noniodinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in synthetic waters containing AOM extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated in chloramination (preformed and in-situ formed chloramine, NH2Cl and Cl2-NH2Cl, respectively) and chlorination (Cl2) processes. AOM is much more favorable for iodine incorporation than natural organic matter (NOM). For example, the formation of I-THM from AOM is much higher than NOM isolate extracted from treated water (e.g., 3.5 times higher in the NH2Cl process), and thus higher iodine utilization and substitution factors from AOM were observed. Short contact time (2 min) chlorination in Cl2-NH2Cl process leading to the formation of halogenated intermediates favored I-THM formation, compared with NH2Cl process. However, further increasing chlorine contact time from 5 min to 24 h facilitated the conversion from iodide to iodate and thus I-THM formation decreased. Meanwhile, the formation of noniodinated THM4, haloacetonitriles (HANs), and haloacetaldehydes (HALs) increased. Factors including concentrations of AOM and bromide, pH, and chlorine/nitrogen ratios influenced the formation of I-THMs and noniodinated DBPs. To evaluate the benefit of mitigating I-THM formation over the risk of noniodinated DBP formation, measured DBPs were weighed against their mammalian cell toxicity indexes. Increasing the chlorine exposure increased the calculated cytotoxicity based on concentrations of measured I-THMs and noniodinated DBPs since unregulated HANs and HALs were the controlling agents.
Exploration of tensor decomposition applied to commercial building baseline estimation

Baseline estimation is a critical task for commercial buildings that participate in demand response programs and need to assess the impact of their strategies. The problem is to predict what the power profile would have been had the demand response event not taken place. This paper explores the use of tensor decomposition in baseline estimation. We apply the method to submetered fan power data from demand response experiments that were run to assess a fast demand response strategy expected to primarily impact the fans. Baselining this fan power data is critical for evaluating the results, but doing so presents new challenges not readily addressed by existing techniques designed primarily for baselining whole building electric loads. We find that tensor decomposition of the fan power data identifies components that capture both dominant daily patterns and demand response events, and that are generally more interpretable than those found by principal component analysis. We conclude by discussing how these components and related techniques can aid in developing new baseline models.
(In)visibilization of English learners in Minnesota’s state-approved alternative programs

Speakers of languages other than English are positioned as problems within education systems and ‘low’ academic English proficiency is viewed as something to be fixed. Alternative education program...
CrSi2 crystallites on Si(110)

Abstract CrSi2 is an important refractory metal-silicide with high thermal power and a narrow bandgap which makes it a suitable material for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. The present work investigates the early stages of the growth of Cr film on Si(110) and its electronic properties by combining Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Density Functional Theory. Cr atoms deposited on Si(110) formed grains of CrSi2 with interfacial dislocations along 1 2 〈 11 − 1 〉 Burgers vectors. After annealing at 1100°C, disconnected CrSi2 crystallites emerged. The crystallites had well-defined facets. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements showed that the crystallites were metallic. Simulated DOS data of the facets also confirmed the metallic nature of the crystallites.
Racial/Ethnic Minority Families

Over the past decade the Journal of Family and Economic Issues (JFEI) has published 16 articles focused on racial/ethnic family and economic issues. In this review we have identified five themes among these papers: remittance attitudes and behaviors, marriage, parenting, educational attainment, family resource management, and financial attitudes and behaviors. Using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies with multiracial and race specific samples these papers have strived to add to the literature. While advancements have been made, we see the potential for future research that examines not only within and between racial/ethnic group differences but adds to our understanding of factors that drive these differences. We make recommendations for future research as we hope to see this work continue in JFEI.
Bayesian Repeated Zero-Sum Games with Persistent State, with Application to Security Games

We study infinitely-repeated two-player zero-sum games with one-sided private information and a persistent state. Here, only one of the two players learns the state of the repeated game. We consider two models: either the state is chosen by nature, or by one of the players. For the former, the equilibrium of the repeated game is known to be equivalent to that of a one-shot public signaling game, and we make this equivalence algorithmic. For the latter, we show equivalence to one-shot team max-min games, and also provide an algorithmic reduction. We apply this framework to repeated zero-sum security games with private information on the side of the defender and provide an almost complete characterization of their computational complexity.
Informational masking vs. crowding — A mid-level trade-off between auditory and visual processing

Abstract In noisy or cluttered environments, sensory cortical mechanisms help combine auditory or visual features into perceived objects. Knowing that individuals vary greatly in their ability to suppress unwanted sensory information, and knowing that the sizes of auditory and visual cortical regions are correlated, we wondered whether there might be a corresponding relation between an individual’s ability to suppress auditory vs. visual interference. In auditory masking, background sound makes spoken words unrecognizable. When masking arises due to interference at central auditory processing stages, beyond the cochlea, it is called informational masking (IM). A strikingly similar phenomenon in vision, called visual crowding, occurs when nearby clutter makes a target object unrecognizable, despite being resolved at the retina. We here compare susceptibilities to auditory IM and visual crowding in the same participants. Surprisingly, across participants, we find a negative correlation (R = −0.7) between IM susceptibility and crowding susceptibility: Participants who have low susceptibility to IM tend to have high susceptibility to crowding, and vice versa. This reveals a mid-level trade-off between auditory and visual processing.
The Congressional Revenue Service

This article examines the constitutional issues raised by the peculiar relationship between the IRS and the Joint Committee on Taxation. Under Section 6405(a) of the tax code, the IRS cannot pay a refund unless it first gives the JCT a chance to review the proposed payment. In practice, this review function gives the JCT a veto over proposed refund payments.This Article argues that, even though Section 6405(a) does not provide an explicit legislative veto of the sort declared unconstitutional in INS v. Chadha, the statute nonetheless violates the separation of powers. The Article also examines some of the procedural due process concerns raised by JCT meddling in IRS refund claim adjudication.
Racial Disparities in Skin Tone Representation of Dermatomyositis Rashes: A Systematic Review.

Objective This systemic review assesses skin tone representation in images of dermatomyositis rashes in medical education literature. Methods A review of 59 dermatology, 11 neurology, 10 neuromuscular, 7 rheumatology, and 6 internal medicine textbooks published between 2011 and 2021 and 3 online image databases (UpToDate, VisualDx, and DermNet NZ) that were available through an online medical school library was performed. After extracting images, images with poor lighting or unclear rashes were removed. Authors graded skin tone independently on the Massey and Martin Skin Colour Scale (MMSCS) from 1 (very light) to 10 (very dark). The median score was taken for a final score, grouped within MMSCS 1-2, 3-4, 5-7, or 8-10. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W). Results 621 images were extracted after reviewing 93 textbooks and 3 online databases. Of the 561 images analyzed, 73.1% of images represented MMSCS 1-2, followed by 3-4 (13.4%), 5-7 (11.8%), and 8-10 (1.8%). Inter-rater reliability was high (W = 0.835). Of the images in MMSCS 5-10, 59.2% were in online databases and 80.6% of textbook images were in dermatology books. Conclusions Patients with lighter skin tones were represented in a higher number of dermatomyositis-related educational materials compared with patients with darker skin tones. Our findings add to current research implicating that darker skin tones are underrepresented in cutaneous educational materials, specifically for dermatomyositis. This leads to the inability to properly characterize skin involvement in dermatomyositis and may lead to inappropriate exclusion from clinical trials due to erroneous skin scoring.
Facets of the Breton Problem

Aspektoj de la bretona problemoLa bretona estas unu el la minoritataj lingvoj, kiuj luktas por pluvivi. La cefa batal-kampo estas la edukado. Klopodoj ekde 1867 enkonduki la bretonan en la lernejojn ne estis sukcesaj. Bretona organizo Diwan arangis klasojn, sed kun malgrandaj rezultoj. Ekzistas nenia registara subteno. Ec trovi klascambron estas malfacile. Pluraj partioj ne subtenas la bretonan aferon. Bretonlingvanoj logas cefe en la kamparo kaj frontas problemojn en la urboj. En la kamparo, ekzistas neunueca lingvo.Interesa sugesto estas, ke la maljunuloj, kiuj siatempe suferis pro sia lingvo, nun povas helpi en la kampanjo, laborante kun la infanoj. La instruista sindikato oponas sin al la klopodoj de Diwan per diversaj argumentoj. La debato intermiksigas kun lukto inter liberpensuloj kaj eklezianoj.La bretona popolo estas antikva kelta gento, lingve rilata al la kimra kaj kornvala en Britaj Insuloj. Gi laŭstupe perdis lingvan teritorion. La dekkvina jarcento estis la ora epoko de la bretona literaturo.Junuloj estis altiritaj al la nuntempa bretona movado, pro idealismo. Dum la dua mondmilito, okazis politikaj malfaciloj en Bretonujo, sed aperis multaj bretonlingvaj revuoj kaj taggazeto. Post la miiito, la bretona movado reaktivigis, kvankam movad-anoj kredas, ke al ili mankas la unueco de la naciaj movadoj de Skotlando, Kimrujo kaj Korsiko.Barilo al la unueco de la bretona movado estas la historia disdialektigo. Instruistoj en la movado subtenas unuecan, sed ne unuforman, bretonan lingvon. Ili ne volas preferi unu dialekton, sed elekti elementojn el pluraj dialektoj. Dialekta disdivido estas ja arbitra afero. Interdialekta skribsistemo estas la nura solvo de la ortografia problemo.En la bretona historio, multaj grandaj bretonoj uzis la francan lingvon, kreante mond-konatajn literaturajn monumentojn: inter ili, Chateaubriand kaj Jules Verne. Simile estis en aliaj minoritataj kulturoj, kies grandaj verkistoj kontribuis al la majoritata lingvo, ekzemple, en Skotlando. En la nuntempa Bretonujo, multaj verkistoj verkas france, aliaj bretone, ekzemple Kerrien, Drezen kaj Riou. Al multaj, estas pli facile verki en la franca, pro la klasika franca edukado, kiun ili ricevis. Bretonlingvaj verkistoj devas resti fidelaj al la bretona tradicio, sed ne igi loke parohecaj.La bretonaj lingvo kaj kulturo restas en fortikaj, rezistemaj manoj. Lingva lukto estas ofte ligita al ekonomia lukto, kontrau la kapitalismo. Francujo subskribis Europan Deklaracion pri la Rajtoj de la Homo, kiu inkluzivas la rajton de minoritatoj al sufica instruado en sia propra lingvo. La nuna aŭtoro dubas, ĉu la franca registaro plenumas tion.
The Irresponsible Expert Witness

To the Editor.— Congratulations are in order to Robert L. Brent for calling attention to the ethical and scientific problems of the expert witness (Brent RL: The irresponsible expert witness: A failure of biomedical graduate education and professional accountability. Pediatrics 1982;70:754-762). That the recent American Academy of PEdiatrics meetings in New York devoted a Round Table session to this issue, points up the concern with which health care professionals view the interface of law and medicine. Two points alluded to by Brent deserve to be clearly restated.
Application buffer-cache management for performance: running the world's largest MRTG

An operating system's readahead and buffer-cache behaviors can significantly impact application performance; most often these better performance, but occasionally they worsen it. To avoid unintended I/O latencies, many database systems sidestep these OS features by minimizing or eliminating application file I/O. However, network traffic measurement applications are commonly built instead atop a high-performance file-based database: the Round Robin Database (RRD) Tool. While RRD is successful, experience has led the network operations community to believe that its scalability is limited to tens of thousands of, or perhaps one hundred thousand, RRD files on a single system, keeping it from being used to measure the largest managed networks today. We identify the bottleneck responsible for that experience and present two approaches to overcome it. In this paper, we provide a method and tools to expose the readahead and buffer-cache behaviors that are otherwise hidden from the user. We apply our method to a very large network traffic measurement system that experiences scalability problems and determine the performance bottleneck to be unnecessary disk reads, and page faults, due to the default readahead behavior. We develop both a simulation and an analytical model of the performance-limiting page fault rate for RRD file updates. We develop and evaluate two approaches that alleviate this problem: application advice to disable readahead and application-level caching. We demonstrate their effectiveness by configuring and operating the world's largest Multi-Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG), with approximately 320,000 RRD files, and over half a million data points measured every five minutes. Conservatively, our techniques approximately triple the capacity of very large MRTG and other RRD-based measurement systems.
Building Symmetric Designs With Building Sets

We introduce a uniform technique for constructing a family of symmetric designs with parameters (v(q^{m+1}-1)/(q-1),kq^m,\lambda q^m), where m is any positive integer, (v,k,\lambda ) are parameters of an abelian difference set, and q=k^2/(k-\lambda ) is a prime power. We utilize the Davis and Jedwab approach to constructing difference sets to show that our construction works whenever (v,k,\lambda ) are parameters of a McFarland difference set or its complement, a Spence difference set or its complement, a Davis–Jedwab difference set or its complement, or a Hadamard difference set of order 9\cdot 4^d, thus obtaining seven infinite families of symmetric designs.
The Nonlinear Force of Electrodynamic Laser-Plasma Interaction

At high laser intensities the interaction with plasmas generates electrodynamic forces of a nonlinear type, where the dielectric plasma properties can generate explosions with 100 and more times the radiation pressure. The complexity of the derivation of this force is described and analytical and numerical results are reviewed. Some problems are explained. From the numerical results, which are experimentally confirmed (by Wong and Stenzel) of low entropy transfer of optical energy into fast moving thick plasma layers without remarkable increase of the temperature. The use of high efficiency compression of laser irradiated spherical plasmas for exothermal nuclear reactions is described, showing a great improvement on the reaction gains compared with the thermokinetic compression schemes.
Variation in penicillin-binding protein patterns of penicillin-resistant clinical isolates of pneumococci.

A large number of pneumococcal isolates (over 80 strains) from a variety of geographic locales and representing a spectrum of resistance levels from a penicillin MIC of 0.003 microgram/ml up to an MIC of 16 micrograms/ml were analyzed for their penicillin-binding protein (PBP) patterns. With a few exceptions, the great majority of strains with penicillin MICs up to about 0.05 microgram/ml contained the same set of five PBPs with molecular sizes typical of those of susceptible pneumococci. In strains with penicillin MICs of about 0.1 microgram/ml and up, virtually all isolates showed two common features: (i) all isolates showed loss of PBP 1A (98 kilodaltons) with or without a parallel appearance of a "new" PBP that ranged in molecular size between 96 and 97 kilodaltons; and (ii) in strains with penicillin MICs of 0.5 microgram/ml or more, PBP 2B could not be detected on the fluorograms even with very high concentrations of radioactive penicillin. Beyond these two common features, resistant strains with similar penicillin MICs showed a surprising variety of PBP profiles (i.e., in the number and molecular sizes of PBPs), each characteristic of a given isolate. We suggest that in pneumococci remodeling of critical PBPs in more than one way may result in comparable levels of penicillin resistance.
Imaging features of synovial chondromatosis of the spine: a review of 28 cases.

To describe the radiographic, CT, and MRI appearance of synovial chondromatosis of the spine. Radiology and pathology databases were searched for cases of spinal synovial chondromatosis from 1984 through 2013, yielding 29 patients (16 males, 13 females). The average age was 45 years. Twenty-eight patients had imaging studies available for review including seven radiographs, two myelograms, 13 CT, and 23 MRI exams. Cases were located in the cervical spine (16), thoracic spine (6), lumbar spine (6), and sacrum (1). Twenty-two cases (79 %) had an epidural component. Eighteen (64 %) had a neural foraminal component. Sixteen (57 %) had a paraspinal component. The mass abutted a facet joint in 96 % of cases. Nearly all (96 %) showed a normal facet joint without internal erosive changes. Most (79 %) showed evidence of chronic extrinsic bony erosion, usually involving the surface of the facet. Only 44 % had calcifications as a dominant finding. Most patients (88 %) had evidence of neural compression. On T1-weighted MRI, 80 % showed intermediate or a combination of intermediate and dark signal. On T2-weighted images, 89 % showed heterogeneous signal with discrete areas of dark signal. The majority (83 %) showed a peripheral pattern of enhancement, usually peripheral nodular. Synovial chondromatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating an epidural and/or paraspinal mass near a facet joint, especially when there is evidence of chronic extrinsic bone erosion, dark signal or nodules on T1 and/or T2, and nonenhancing fluid or myxoid signal centrally with thin or nodular peripheral enhancement.
Networks and Natural Language Processing

Over the last few years, a number of areas of natural language processing have begun applying graph-based techniques. These include, among others, text summarization, syntactic parsing, word-sense disambiguation, ontology construction, sentiment and subjectivity analysis, and text clustering. In this paper, we present some of the most successful graph-based representations and algorithms used in language processing and try to explain how and why they work.
Yugoslavia's nuclear legacy: Should we worry?

(1997). Yugoslavia's nuclear legacy: Should we worry? The Nonproliferation Review: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 123-128.
Pion production in two-body pd collisions

Abstract The reactions d(p, π + )t and d(p, π o ) 3 He are analyzed in terms of the pp → π + d sub-process. The exclusion principle induces an additional exchange contribution involving the π d scattering amplitude. Acceptable deuteron and tritron ( 3 H) wave functions which reproduce the charge form factors yield results consistent with experimental angular distributions at 470, 590, 754 and 1192 proton lab. energies. The forward peak is not sensitive to details of the wave functions. Both the direct and exchange form factors develop a zero which is imposed by the dip in the 3 He charge form factor. The associated interference pattern governs the backward cross section.
The role of Zn2+ in pyridoxal phosphate mediated regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase in brain.

Abstract 1. 1. γ-Aminobutyric acid, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, is synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase which demonstrates an absolute requirement for pyridoxal phosphate. 2. 2. At physiological concentrations, zinc stimulates the activity of pyridoxal kinase, enhancing the formation of pyridoxal phosphate, which in turn stimulates the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase. 3. 3. At pharmacological concentrations, zinc inhibits the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase without inhibiting pyridoxal kinase. 4. 4. These results suggest that zinc may play a role in pyridoxal phosphate-mediated regulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Trace elements and carcinogenicity: a subject in review

Cancer is known to be a multi-step process, which involves different stages including initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis. Chemical carcinogens including most trace elements can change any of these processes to induce their carcinogenic effects. Various studies confirm that cancer arises from the accumulation of irreversible DNA damage, which results from multiple mutations in critical genes in the body organ. Chemical carcinogens most often directly or after xenobiotic metabolism, act as genotoxic causes to induce DNA damage. Genotoxic carcinogen refers to a group of chemicals capable of producing cancer by directly altering the genetic material of target cells. Other carcinogens are however classified as non-genotoxic, which represents chemicals that are capable of producing cancer by some secondary mechanism not related to direct gene damage. They act as tumor promoters, endocrine-modifiers, receptor mediators, immunosuppressant, or inducers of tissue-specific toxicity and inflammatory responses. The diversity of modes of action, of non-genotoxic carcinogens, the tissue and species specificity and the absence of genotoxicity makes it extremely hard to predict their carcinogenic potential. The roles of trace metals (some of which are either genotoxic or non-genotoxic) in cancer development and inhibition have a complex character and have raised many questions because of their essential and toxic effects on people’s health. Trace metals such as cadmium, nickel, arsenic, beryllium and chromium (VI) have been recognized as human or animal carcinogens by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The Carcinogenic capability of these metals depends mainly on factors such as oxidation states and chemical structures. The oxidative concept in metal carcinogenesis proposes that complexes formed by these metals, in vivo, in the vicinity of DNA, catalyze redox reactions, which in turn oxidize DNA. The most significant effect of reactive oxygen species in the carcinogenesis progression is DNA damage, which results in DNA lesions like strand breaks and the sister-chromatid exchange. This article reviews the carcinogenicity of various trace elements.
MASS AND MOMENTUM TRANSPORT IN A LAMINAR ISOTHERMAL TWO-PHASE ROUND JET

Numerical predictions are presented for the flow of a laminar axisymmetric gaseous jet lightly seeded with solid particles of uniform size. The predictions are in good agreement with the available experimental data. This agreement is possible only when the local effectiveness of the momentum transfer between the particles and the gas is accounted for in the gaseous momentum equations.
Optimization of 3D Flow Imaging by Diffuse Correlation Tomography

Diffuse Correlation Tomography is optimized by using condition number analysis and L-Curve analysis. Data from larger delay times was found to improve the images. Images are reconstructed from simulated data and phantom measurements.
Education and mass belief systems: An extension and some new questions

Using the SRC/CPS's national election surveys from 1956 to 1976, this paper investigates the effect of education on consistency among the public's domestic policy opinions. Evidence from both gamma correlations and factor analysis indicates that education has neither a strong nor a linear effect on issue constraint over the 20 years covered by the data, for the lowest and the highest education strata consistently show the highest levels of constraint. We do not conclude, however, that education is unrelated to recognition of ideological concepts, for almost one-half of the lowest education stratum do not use “liberal” and “conservative” terms. We conclude that issue constraint does not directly translate into ideology and suggest some new directions that future research should take if we are to evaluate effectively the effect of education on opinion structuring.
Building a balanced scorecard for open source policy and strategy: a case study of the Microsoft experience

The impact of open source software development has challenged commercial companies and government bodies alike to develop new strategies for a changing information and communication technology (ICT) environment. The balanced scorecard---already a widely recognized management best-practice---is well-suited both as a framework for this imperative, and as a mechanism for knowledge-sharing between industry and public sector managers.First, a balanced scorecard initiative must embrace a multi-disciplinary, multi-stakeholder and community-oriented approach, taking into account the needs of diverse constituencies. Second, public sector e-Government leaders can benefit from the same robust perspective on learning, innovation, and customer satisfaction in addition to financial measures that the balanced scorecard has brought to private sector managers.This paper shares the experience of one commercial company (Microsoft Corporation) taking a balanced scorecard approach to open source policy and strategy development, and offers an analysis of implications and opportunities for e-Government leaders.
Musashi regulates the temporal order of mRNA translation during Xenopus oocyte maturation

A strict temporal order of maternal mRNA translation is essential for meiotic cell cycle progression in oocytes of the frog Xenopus laevis. The molecular mechanisms controlling the ordered pattern of mRNA translational activation have not been elucidated. We report a novel role for the neural stem cell regulatory protein, Musashi, in controlling the translational activation of the mRNA encoding the Mos proto-oncogene during meiotic cell cycle progression. We demonstrate that Musashi interacts specifically with the polyadenylation response element in the 3′ untranslated region of the Mos mRNA and that this interaction is necessary for early Mos mRNA translational activation. A dominant inhibitory form of Musashi blocks maternal mRNA cytoplasmic polyadenylation and meiotic cell cycle progression. Our data suggest that Musashi is a target of the initiating progesterone signaling pathway and reveal that late cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-directed mRNA translation requires early, Musashi-dependent mRNA translation. These findings indicate that Musashi function is necessary to establish the temporal order of maternal mRNA translation during Xenopus meiotic cell cycle progression.
Ocean Drilling Program plans final year of operations

The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), widely hailed as perhaps the most successful example of international cooperation in all of the geosciences, will formally terminate as of 30 September 2003. This long-running international partnership of research institutions and geoscientists was organized to explore the Earth's evolution and structure in sub-sea floor settings throughout the oceans; and it recently planned the schedule for its final year of operations.
In vitro maintenance of the sex pheromone gland of the female Indian meal mothPlodia interpunctella (Hübner)

Sex pheromone glands ofPlodia interpunctella were isolated from surface-sterilized donors of different ages, freed of most of the attached gut, oviduct, and other tissues; rinsed in sterile medium; and cultured in 1 ml of culture medium. The sex pheromone gland cells that were cultured for 10 days in either chemically defined Grace's medium or modified Grace's medium appeared normal in histological examinations. Bioassays of extracted medium in which pheromone glands from mature females had been incubated showed that a greater percentage of the available pheromone was recovered from modified Grace's medium than from chemically defined Grace's medium.
Cognitive and behavioral treatment options for insomnia.

Insomnia is a costly disorder that affects a significant number of people. In many cases, insomnia is comorbid with other illnesses, which complicates its diagnosis and treatment. Most often it is treated with medication; however, patients are not always safe using hypnotics, and medication does not attack the source of the disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapies are better for long-term treatment because they address factors causing or perpetuating insomnia, as opposed to treatments that focus on symptoms. This article examines various nonpharmacological treatments for insomnia. In addition, because circadian rhythm disorders may exhibit symptoms similar to insomnia, there is also a brief overview of 2 common circadian rhythm disorders, delayed sleep phase syndrome and advanced sleep phase syndrome. Mt Sinai J Med 79:512–523, 2012 © 2012 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Use of intravenous rifampin in neonates with persistent staphylococcal bacteremia.

Ten neonates with persistent staphylococcal bacteremia (positive blood cultures for > or = 5 days despite appropriate antibiotic therapy) received intravenous (i.v.) rifampin in combination with vancomycin with or without aminoglycoside. Their mean birth weight and length of gestation were 900 g and 27 weeks, respectively. Their ages at the time of infection ranged from 6 to 64 days (mean, 26 days). The staphylococcal isolates were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (five isolates), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (two isolates), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (three isolates). The mean number of bacteremia days prior to administration of i.v. rifampin was 8.3 (range, 5 to 15 days), despite a mean peak vancomycin concentration of 33 micrograms/ml. The dosing of rifampin varied from 2.5 to 10 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h. The mean duration of the rifampin course was 9.7 days (range, 3 to 16 days). Of the 10 neonates, 8 (80%) had sterile blood cultures within 24 h, 1 (10%) had a sterile blood culture within 48 h, and 1 (10%) had a sterile blood culture within 5 days of being placed on i.v. rifampin. No adverse effects were noted in this small group of infants. Seven of the 10 neonates survived; three died from unrelated complications. The MIC ranges of amikacin, vancomycin, and rifampin for the isolates were 2.0 to 16, 0.5 to 2.0, and 0.0013 to 0.04 micrograms/ml, respectively. We also studied eight infants, with a mean age of 23 days, who were receiving i.v. or oral rifampin at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. For i.v. administration, the peak serum concentration of rifampin (mean +/- standard deviation) was 4.02 +/- 1.22 microgram/ml. The mean trough level at 12 h postifution was 1.11 +/- 0.48 micrograms/ml. For oral administration, the concentrations of rifampin in serum ranged from 0.59 to 2.86 micrograms/ml (mean, 1.86 +/- 0.96 microgram/ml) at 2 h postingestion, increasing to a peak concentration of 2.8 micrograms/ml at 8 h postingestion. The mean 12-h postingestion level was 0.77 +/- 0.03 microgram/ml. From the study of this limited series of neonates, rifampin appears to be a safe and effective addition to therapy when staphylococcal bacteremia is persistent despite vancomycin treatment.
Optimal interference pre-cancellation order in DPC-based broadcast and unicast hybrid network

It is well known that the Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) achieves the channel capacity for multiuser degraded channels. However, the optimality of DPC remains unknown for nondegraded channel. In this paper, we derive the optimal interference pre-cancellation order for a DPC based broadcast and unicast hybrid network. Specifically, we study different DPC cancellation schemes to maximize the hybrid capacity region. The conditions for each scheme being optimal are analytically derived. Our results show that the optimal interference precancellation order varies with SNR and broadcast and unicast channel conditions.
Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of a Prochlorperazine-Based Versus a Metoclopramide-Based Antiemetic Regimen in Patients Undergoing Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation

Background. Highly emetogenic combination alkylator therapy is routinely used in autologous bone marrow transplantation for treatment of eligible patients with solid tumors. Antiemetic therapy remains less than optimal in this setting. Methods. One hundred twenty-six patients with cancer receiving high dose cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and carmustine with autologous bone marrow support were randomized to receive one of four double-blinded antiemetic regimens: 4-day continuous infusion prochlorperazine (6 mg/m2 intravenous [i.v.] loading dose followed by 1.5 mg/mz/hour) or metoclopramide (80 mg/mz iv loading dose followed by 20 mg/m2/hr) each with either dronabinol5 mg/m2 or placebo capsules for two doses before carmustine on the last day of chemotherapy. All subjects received scheduled lorazepam and diphenhydramine throughout the &day study period. Efficacy was measured by the Emetic Process Rating Scale and the Rhodes Index of Nausea and Vomiting (INV) Form 2. Results. One hundred six patients completed the
A new type of photographic exposure meter and photometer

The development of a small and inexpensive photometer for determining light intensities and photographic exposures is described. A study is made of the performance of two types of instrument. In a large number of readings by a single observer with the smaller type it was found that the average error in measuring exposures on neutral colored objects was 22% which corresponds to about 7% difference in the density of the photographic image. The larger type had a precision of better than 5% for most of the range.
Delay of muscle degeneration and necrosis in mdx mice by calpain inhibition

Inhibition of muscle degeneration by the tripeptide calpain inhibitor, leupeptin, was tested in vivo in a dystrophin-deficient mdx murine model. In a short-term control study, intramuscular administration of leupeptin for 30 days inhibited muscle degeneration as assessed by histologic analysis. Calpain inhibition could be correlated with retention of myofiber size and our results suggest that this may be a promising treatment modality in human Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease by posterior GPi pallidotomy: 1‐year results of a pilot study

The effects of posterior internal pallidal ablation (GPi pallidotomy) on parkinsonian signs and symptoms were studied in 15 patients with medically intracally intractable Parkinson's disease(PD). The sensorimotor territory of the internal portion of the globus pallidus and the adjacent optic tract and internal capsule were identified with microelectrode recording and stimulation. Radiofrequency lesions were then created in the identified sensorimotor territory. Pallidotomy significantly improved all cardinal parkinsonian motor signs (tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, and gait dysfunction) and reduced drug-induced motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The improvements occurred predominately contralateral to the lesion, but were also present ipsilaterally. Early postoperative (3-month), mean total United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores improved by 30.1% from preoperative values. Mean combined “on/off” Schwab and England Scale scores, a measure of functional independence, increased from 48.8% to 73.0% postoperatively. The mean total United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Schwab and England scores did not show a statistically significant decline over the 1-year postoperative period. Surgery resulted in little morbidity, including a lack of significant deficits on neuropsychological and psychiatric testing. Physical and social functioning and vitality measures on the Medical Outcome Scale also showed significant improvement over the postoperative period. The findings of this pilot study demonstrate that ablation of the sensorimotor portion of the internal pallidum is a highly effective treatment for advanced PD, with benefits sustained at 1 year.
Taxus baccata seed oil: a new source of cis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid.

Methyl esters prepared from the seed oil of the coniferTaxus baccata L. were found by gas liquid chromatography to contain 12% of a component which, when isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography and characterized by mass spectrometry, ozonolysis and nuclear magnetic resonance, was identified ascis-5,cis-9-octadecadienoic acid.
alpha 1d Adrenoceptor signaling is required for stimulus induced locomotor activity.

α1 Adrenergic receptors mediate a variety of physiological responses and have been well studied in the cardiovascular and peripheral nervous system. However, their role in the central nervous system remains ill defined because of the lack of highly specific ligands to the α1 receptor subtypes. Here, we have employed gene targeting to elucidate the role of α1d receptors in vivo. In addition to disrupting function, the insertion of the lacZ gene into the α1d receptor locus enabled the specific identification of cells expressing the α1d gene. These cells are localized in the cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, dorsal geniculate and ventral posterolateral nuclei of the thalamus. Behaviorally, the α1d−/− mice show normal locomotor activity during the subjective day, or resting phase of their cycle. However, during subjective night, or active phase, wheel-running activity is significantly reduced in mutant mice. Furthermore, these mice show a reduction in exploratory rearing behavior in a novel cage environment. Lastly, α1d−/− mice show reduced hyperlocomotion after acute amphetamine administration. Together, these data reveal the functional importance of α1d adrenoceptors in mediating a variety of stimulus-induced changes in locomotor behaviors. While the sensitivity of noradrenergic neurons to environmental stimuli has been well documented, our data demonstrate that at least some of these post-synaptic responses are mediated by α1d adrenergic receptors.
Electromagnetic propagating surface waves along a dielectric-coated metal pipe

This work give a summary of the results of a detailed analysis of EM propagating waves in and around the uniform dielectric coating of a circular cylindrical metal pipe. These results are of value for the diagnostic of anomalies on the surface of tar-coated pipes used in protecting the underground power transmission cables. The results include the distribution of power inside the coating as well the air outside and the number of propagating modes with circumferential variation, and all as a function of frequncy.
Tether-directed selective synthesis of fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts.

Selective synthesis of C60 bisadducts has been achieved by using the Prato 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of tethered bis-azomethine ylides. New bis(benzaldehydes) 1−4 tethered by a rigid linker were prepared and used to direct the second cycloaddition of azomethine ylide to C60. Equatorial, trans-4, trans-3, trans-2, and trans-1 bisadducts have been selectively prepared with this approach. However, the introduction of chiral centers in the pyrrolidine rings in the course of the reaction complicated the chemistry, as a number of stereoisomers theoretically could be formed. The structure determination of the isomeric bisadducts was made based on spectroscopic data and theoretical calculations. To our best knowledge, this represents the first example of a systematic study on tether-directed selective synthesis of C60 fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts.
Anger management for dementia caregivers: A preliminary study using video and telephone interventions

Data are presented on a preliminary study investigating the efficacy of an angermanagement video series and workbook for dementia family caregivers. Materials from a previously developed intervention (Gallagher-Thompson & DeVries, 1994) were used to create a videotaped version of the treatment program. Women and men (N = 33) caring for a relative with dementia were randomly assigned to one of two formats for the video and bibliotherapy intervention (home-based viewing with weekly telephone sessions or class-based viewing) or to a wait-list comparison condition. The 8-week intervention focused on cognitive and behavioral skills to manage anger and frustration (i.e., relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, and assertion training). Compared to control participants, caregivers in both of the treatment conditions had lower posttreatment levels of anger and depression, and higher ratings of caregiving self-efficacy. Results from this preliminary study suggest that innovative multicomponent anger interventions can be effective for middle-aged and older caregivers of dementia patients; investigations using larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.