MUSEUS CANADENSES E BRASILEIROS: COMPARANDO EXPERIÊNCIAS E PERSPECTIVAS DE PATRIMONIALIZAÇÃO E PROMOÇÃO DE CIDADANIA CULTURAL.

No Brasil, a partir do ano 2000, investe-se em pesquisas, discussoes e encontros, a fim de se pensar coletivamente as instituicoes museais do pais. A inclusao social dos diferentes grupos humanos faz aflorar novas subjetividades, saberes e fazeres e investimentos em suas herancas bioculturais, com a criacao de novos lugares de memorias, que exigem formas diferenciadas de patrimonializacao e a elaboracao de condicoes de apropriacao dos mesmos pelas comunidades ali representadas. Ao mesmo tempo, muitas das instituicoes ja existentes passam por processos de revitalizacao. No Canada, desde longa data, construiu-se a cultura museologica, na qual os museus integram-se ao cotidiano das pessoas, ao sistema educacional, as formas de lazer e ao universo economico. O Movimento Internacional da Nova Museologia, surgido em Quebec, em 1984, ja apontava para os museus a servico do homem, transformando-se em espaco com a funcao de auxiliar comunidades a construirem sua autoestima, a revelarem suas praticas simbolicas e a se transformarem em interlocutores. Os museus expandem o uso de suas colecoes para fins educacionais e de entretenimento, bem como reorientam suas exposicoes para que os visitantes se transformem, passando de simples receptores a emissores-receptores, justificando a funcao social do museu como instituicao de informacao, divulgacao e formacao. A partir dessas reflexoes, tem-se por objetivo discutir, de forma comparada, politicas publicas, experiencias, modelos de gestao, de patrimonializacao e de promocao de cidadania cultural entre instituicoes museais canadenses e brasileiras, colaborando para a promocao de novas praticas e pressupostos que deem suporte para a solucao de problemas e desafios contemporâneos dessas instituicoes. Palavras-chave: Canada; Brasil; instituicoes museais; museus comunitarios Abstract: In Brazil, since the year or 2000, there has been an investment on research, discussions and meetings, in order to collectively think the museum institutions of the country. Also, the social inclusion of the different human groups causes the arising of new subjectivities and knowledge’s and investments on their bio cultural heritages, with the creation of new places or memories, that require different forms of pratimonialization and the creation of conditions of appropriation of those places by the communities there represented. At the same time, many of the existing institutions go through revitalization processes. In Canada, a museum culture has been built, where the museums combine to people’s daily live, to the educational system, to the forms of recreation and to the economic universe. The international movement of the New Museology, which arose in Quebec in 1984, already pointed at the museums as being at the service of men, transforming itself in a space to help communities to build their self-esteem, reveal their symbolic practices and transform in to interlocutors. Also, museums expand the use of their collections with educational and entertainment ends, as well as reorient their exhibitions so that the visitors transform from simple receptors to emitters-receptors, justifying the social function of the museum as a institution of information, divulgation and formation. Starting from these reflections, the objective is to discuss, on a comparative form, public politics, experiences, management models, of patrimonialization and promotion of cultural citizenship between Canadian and Brazilian museum institutions, cooperating to the promotion of new practices and presuppositions that give support to the resolution of problems and contemporary challenges of those institutions. Keywords: Canada; Brazil; museum institutions; communitarian museum. Resume: Au Bresil, a partir de 2000, on commence a investir en recherche, discussions et rencontres, dans le but de reflechir collectivement aux institutions museales du pays. L’inclusion sociale des differents groupes humains fait emerger de nouvelles formes de subjectivites, savoirs et manieres de faire, et des investissements dans l´heritage bioculturel, avec la creation de nouveaux lieux de memoires, qui exigent de nouvelles formes de patrimonialisation et l’elaboration de conditions d´appropriation de ces patrimoines par les communautes qui y sont representees. En meme temps, differentes institutions qui existent deja passent par des processus de revitalisation. Au Canada, depuis longtemps, une culture museale a ete bâtie, dans laquelle les musees s´integrent au quotidien des gens, au systeme educationnel, aux formes de loisir et a l´univers economique. Le Mouvement International de la Nouvelle Museologie, qui a surgi au Quebec, en 1984, signalait deja le role des musees au service de l´homme, en les transformant en espace ayant la fonction d´aider la communaute a bâtir son auto-estime, a reveler ses pratiques symboliques et a devenir de veritables interlocuteurs. Les musees augmentent l´usage de leurs collections pour des finalites educationnelles ainsi que de loisir, et orientent leurs expositions en vue de transformer les visiteurs de simples recepteurs en emissaires-recepteurs, pour justifier le role social du musee comme institution d´information, diffusion et formation. A partir de ces reflexions, nos objectifs sont bien ceux de discuter, d´une perspective comparee, Cleusa Maria Gomes Graebin les politiques, experiences, modeles de gestion, de patrimonialisation et de promotion de la citoyennete culturelle entre institutions museales canadiennes et bresiliennes, en vue de collaborer a la promotion de nouvelles pratiques et de nouveaux presupposes qui puissent donner support a la solution des problemes et defis contemporains de ces institutions. Mots-cles: Canada; Bresil; institutions museales; musees communautaires