cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mother-infant behavior in vervet monkeys

Mother-infant behavior of 9 vervet monkey mothers who had failed in their last pregnancy were compared to the behavior of 14 mothers who had been successful in the prior year and to 11 primiparous mothers. The results indicated that females responded to the loss of one infant by increasing their level of care for their next infant. Females who had failed in their last pregnancy encouraged ventral contact and were more restrictive of their infant's movements, they gave more care and attention to their infants, and they played a greater part in keeping their infants near, compared to mothers who had been successful in their last pregnancy. Mothers who had failed in their last pregnancy were also more attentive and protective toward their infants than primiparous mothers who had had no prior reproductive experience. The increase in maternal care by females who had failed in their last pregnancy was accompanied by an increase in the interval to the birth of their next infant. These differences could not be completely explained by differences in the mothers' age or in the presence of other immature offspring. They suggest that vervet mothers can adjust their level of parental care based on the quality of their past experience, and that these adjustments have an effect on the mother's future reproductive potential.
Substance Use Disorders in Women

Substance use disorders (SUD) in reproductive-aged women represent a significant public health concern. Although SUD are more common in men than women, reports of rising rates of SUD in young women suggest the gender gap may be narrowing. Moreover, women develop more severe SUD more quickly than men and are more likely to suffer from disorders that are complicated by a number of psychiatric comorbidities, including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and trauma-related disorders. This chapter will review how sex and gender influence the clinical manifestations, course and treatment of SUD in women, with a special emphasis on pregnancy. Following a general overview, gender-based issues related to specific substances will be discussed, including tobacco, alcohol, opioids, marijuana, cocaine and methamphetamine, highlighting that SUD in women warrant special attention and the need for future research.
Clinic-Level Factors Associated With Time to Antiretroviral Initiation and Viral Suppression in a Large, Urban Cohort

BACKGROUND Using the results of a site assessment survey performed at clinics throughout Washington, DC, we studied the impact of clinic-level factors on antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and viral suppression (VS) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). METHODS This was a retrospective analysis from the District of Columbia (DC) Cohort, an observational, clinical cohort of PLWH from 2011-2018. We included data from PLWH not on ART and not virally suppressed at enrollment. Outcomes were ART initiation and VS (HIV RNA < 200 copies/mL). A clinic survey captured information on care delivery (eg, clinical services, adherence services, patient monitoring services) and clinic characteristics (eg, types of providers, availability of evenings/weekends sessions). Multivariate marginal Cox regression models were generated to identify those factors associated with the time to ART initiation and VS. RESULTS Multiple clinic-level factors were associated with ART initiation, including retention in care monitoring and medication dispensing reviews (adjusted hazard ratios [aHRs], 1.34 to 1.40; P values < .05 for both). Furthermore, multiple factors were associated with VS, including retention in HIV care monitoring, medication dispensing reviews, and the presence of a peer interventionist (aHRs, 1.35 to 1.72; P values < .05 for all). In multivariable models evaluating different combinations of clinic-level factors, enhanced adherence services (aHR, 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.58), medication dispensing reviews (aHR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10-1.36), and the availability of opioid treatment (aHR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01-1.57) were all associated with the time to VS. CONCLUSIONS The observed association between clinic-level factors and ART initiation/VS suggests that the presence of specific clinic services may facilitate the achievement of HIV treatment goals.
Regional breeding bird assessment of the Antarctic Peninsula

Conservation of seabirds in remote polar regions requires accurate information on the location of breeding sites, which is often limited by logistical constraints of surveying large areas. On the Antarctic Peninsula, many seabird colonies are visited briefly but regularly by commercial cruise vessels, a platform from which we were able to collect presence/absence data on the entire community of seabirds. We used a multistate occupancy model, accounting for limited detection during surveys, to estimate the probability of presence and breeding of all 16 species native to the area. Our results provide a much clearer view than that was previously available of how avian diversity is distributed across the region’s network of multi-species colonies and reveals species-specific differences in the effect of sea-ice concentration and site fidelity on breeding probability. Several breeding sites host an unusually large number of breeding species, but these known richness hotspots are scattered throughout the region and we were unable to identify any clear gradients in species richness that might explain why some sites are so species rich. While accounting for detection failure accelerates the pace of reliable inference on species occupancy, we find that as many as ten years of repeated visits are often required to fully catalog the seabird richness at bare rock sites along the Antarctic Peninsula. This work highlights the challenges of identifying high priority sites for special protection or management and the importance for continued surveys, even at nominally well-studied locations.
Top-down proteomics—a near-future technique for clinical diagnosis?

We thank Dr. Laszlo Prokai, Dr. Jae-Seok Kim, and Dr. Hyun Sik Kim for their insightful editorial commentaries on our recent publication “ Diagnosis of hemoglobinopathy and β-thalassemia by 21 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry of hemoglobin from blood ” (1-3). As described by the editorial authors, 21 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (21 T FT-ICR MS) and top-down MS/MS set a new benchmark for precision diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia with fast sample preparation (dilute and infuse) and data acquisition (3 min).
Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops: From Circuit Level to Architecture Level

Using a modern, pedagogical approach, this textbook gives students and engineers a comprehensive and rigorous knowledge of CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) design for a wide range of applications. It features intuitive presentation of theoretical concepts, built up gradually from their simplest form to more practical systems; broad coverage of key topics, including oscillators, phase noise, analog PLLs, digital PLLs, RF synthesizers, delay-locked loops, clock and data recovery circuits, and frequency dividers; tutorial chapters on high-performance oscillator design, covering fundamentals to advanced topologies; and extensive use of circuit simulations to teach design mentality, highlight design flaws, and connect theory with practice. Including over 200 thought-provoking examples highlighting best practices and common pitfalls, 250 end-of-chapter homework problems to test and enhance the readers' understanding, and solutions and lecture slides for instructors, this is the perfect text for senior undergraduate and graduate-level students and professional engineers who want an in-depth understanding of PLL design.
Zen of Venn Revisited: Inquiry and Interdisciplinary Education

Courseware to teach about the interdisciplinary nature of the Earth system was constructed based on the concept of intersecting spheres, as illustrated by Venn diagrams. This inquiry-driven courseware, which was called the Zen of Venn©, was applied in an undergraduate capstone course at The Ohio State University over two years. Results from these applications reveal that individuals integrate between 2 and 3 topics at a time, which appears to be related to the fact that the complexity of integration increases geometrically relative to the number of intersecting spheres. An area for future research would be to test whether integrating 3 plus or minus 1 topics is a generalized cognitive limitation like memorizing “7 plus or minus 2 random items.” These data and observations imply that interdisciplinary courses or textbooks with many distinct topics are geared more toward memorizing than synthesizing. Consequently, to facilitate individualized discovery of knowledge (which is gained by establishing relations...
Clinical trials in a COVID-19 pandemic: Shared infrastructure for continuous learning in a rapidly changing landscape.

Background:Clinical trials, conducted efficiently and with the utmost integrity, are a key component in identifying effective vaccines, therapies, and other interventions urgently needed to solve t...
Documentation and Modeling of ROS Systems

The Robot Operating System (ROS) is frequently used to develop complex robotic systems with many interacting software components. While ROS provides several tools for visualizing active ROS deployments, it lacks tools for Model-Based Engineering (MBE) during the development stage, and ROS lacks tools for easily documenting the interfaces and deployed components other than specific configuration and launch files themselves. This paper presents a software tool chain - dubbed CHRIS ROS Modeling - that enables users to document an existing ROS deployment. The information is stored as instances of a simplified metamodel in portable formats. The resulting information serves to document an existing system and will serve as the foundation for future work to develop an integrated MBE system. This paper compares our approach to similar approaches currently in development.
Wandering But Not Lost

This ensemble takes its textile design inspiration from "The Wizard of Oz". Paying homage to the cinematic classic by transitioning from black and white to emerald green in an interesting array of lines and dots. The surface of each piece is an adventure of its own making. Hand and computer aided techniques work together to create a layered streetwear look that is striking from near and far. The outfit begins with dye sublimation printed fabric in the form of a white jersey knit t-shirt. Keeping with the black and white theme the oversized black denim bomber jacket was hand screen-printed with metallic white and charcoal ink. Lastly, the emerald green satin skirt provides a feminine contrast to the t-shirt and oversized jacket, it showcases a geometric laser-cut dot pattern that draws the eye in and shimmers with movement.
A successful daptomycin and micafungin dosing strategy in veno-venous ECMO and continuous renal replacement.

What is known and objective Studies have demonstrated that ECMO leads to pharmacokinetic changes, with alterations in volume of distribution, clearance and drug sequestration by the circuit. We describe a successful dosing approach for daptomycin and micafungin for the treatment of VRE faecium bacteremia and C. glabrata fungemia in a patient receiving veno-venous ECMO and CRRT. Case summary We report a case of a patient with ARDS on veno-venous ECMO complicated by VRE faecium bacteremia and C. glabrata fungemia. The patient was treated with daptomycin 10 mg/kg every 24 h and micafungin 150 mg every 24 h for 14 days. Key observations included the documented bacteremia and fungemia clearance without the need for ECMO circuit exchange. What is new and conclusion This case report demonstrates successful bacteremia and fungemia clearance in an adult without the need for ECMO circuit exchange. It also highlights the need for more research to identify optimal antimicrobial dosing strategies in similar scenarios.
Improved protocol for optimizing Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst for methane aromatization

Abstract A systematic DoE approach is developed to optimize Mo-based ZSM-5 catalyst recipe for methane dehydro-aromatization process. Aim is to achieve maximum benzene productivity with improve catalyst stability. Three major factors - Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5, pH of Mo incorporation and catalyst activation along with two different responses - benzene yield and final/peak methane conversion (or in other words the extent of catalyst stability) were considered for constructing the DoE. The benzene yield and final/peak methane conversion vary significantly depending on the catalyst recipe including the catalyst activation protocol/conditions. The combination of Si/Al ratio of 15, pH of Mo incorporation 10 and control catalyst activation by pre-carburization identified through DoE helped to achieve maximum/optimum benzene yield and the catalyst stability. Moderate acidity of zeolite, high Mo dispersion and presence of higher quantity of catalytically active Mo-carbide/oxycarbide species seems to be the reason for high benzene productivity and catalyst stability.
The Impact of False Investigators on Grant Funding

Abstract False investigators are researchers who have been listed on grant proposals as part of a research team even though there is no expectation that they will contribute to the research effort. Their use seems to be widespread even though their inclusion raises legal and ethical questions. Using data collected from the top 200 universities listed on U.S. News and World Report (2015), this manuscript investigates whether the use of false investigators impacts the distribution of research money and if so, by how much? Our analysis suggests they do, grants with false investigators receive more money, and while the size of this return varies with grant size, we find an average increase of about 70%. We also investigate how this influence is manifested; whether the increased funding is because false investigators apply for more grants, or if the presence of a false investigator increases the amount of funding received per proposal. We close with a discussion of policy issues and questions about research funding that remain unanswered.
On dynamically establishing and terminating isochronous message streams in WDM star-based lightwave networks

Complement to our prior work in [21], we address in this paper the problem of dynamically establishing/terminating real-time message streams in response to call setup/clear requests in single-hop star-coupled WDM optical networks.We consider a network architecture in which N stations are connected to a star coupler with W data channels (W ≤ N) and one control channel. Each of the W data channels is slotted and shared by the N stations by means of time division multiplexing. The control channel is used for stations to coordinate the call establishment and termination operations. We propose a distributed, dynamic slot allocation scheme to allocate/de-allocate time slots on the W data channels to message streams, with the objective of meeting message deadlines.To facilitate slot assignment, the proposed scheme first decomposes each message stream into a set of message sub-streams, and groups the time slots on each wavelength channel into sub-channels. In response to a call setup request, the proposed scheme then allocates one or more empty sub-channels available over the W data channels to a message stream to fulfill its temporal requirement, subject to the source/destination constraints and that the temporal guarantees to existing message streams should not be violated. On the other hand, in response to a call clear request, the proposed scheme releases the slots allocated to the terminated message stream, and merges, if appropriate, empty sub-channels to facilitate future message stream establishment. We formally prove the properties, and the correctness of, the proposed dynamic slot allocation scheme.
Metal–organic frameworks: Shuttling in the solid state

Incorporating mechanically interlocked molecular shuttles within a metal–organic framework that has enough free space in the crystal lattice to permit volume-conserving translational motion sets the stage for defect-free molecular-electronic device fabrication and more.
Why is topography fractal

The power spectrum S of linear transects of the earth's topography is often observed to be a power-law function of wave number k with exponent close to -2: S(k) is proportional to k^-2. In addition, river networks are fractal trees that satisfy many power-law or fractal relationships between their morphologic components. A model equation for the evolution of the earth's topography by erosional processes which produces fractal topography and fractal river networks is presented and its solutions compared in detail to real topography. The model is the diffusion equation for sediment transport on hillslopes and channels with the local diffusivity proportional to the square of the discharge. The dependence of diffusivity on discharge follows from fundamental equations of sediment transport. We study the model in two ways. In the first analysis the diffusivity is parameterized as a function of relief and a Taylor expansion procedure is carried out to obtain a differential equation for the landform elevation which includes the spatially-variable diffusivity to first order in the elevation. The solution to this equation is a self-affine or fractal surface with linear transects that have power spectra S(k) is proportional to k^-1.8, independent of the age of the topography, consistent with observations. The hypsometry produced by the model is skewed such that lowlands make up a larger area than highlands as in real topography. In the second analysis we include river networks explicitly in a numerical simulation by calculating... Abstract continued in paper.
Energy technology investments in competitive and regulatory environments

The goal of this paper was to develop a better understanding of how energy firms might respond to competitive pressures in the context of regulatory risk. We model how competitive pressures affect capacity investments that firms make into their portfolio of technologies. Using comparative statics, we characterize energy firms’ incentives to invest in different energy technologies under imperfect competition in outputs and prices and within different environmental regulatory regimes. We find that under Cournot competition, firms that invest in renewable technologies benefit from both strategic and spillover effects on their overall profits. Under Bertrand competition, these benefits are enjoyed only by firms that invest in conventional technologies. Our findings can provide guidance for policy makers. Notably, even relatively weak targets set by regulators are likely to spur additional investment into renewable technologies. Regardless of policy type, strategic interactions and spillover benefits drive the optimal management of energy technology R&D activities. Our results also suggest ways for regulators to exploit the inherent benefits of imperfections in competitive markets to stimulate firms’ efforts at improving on the technologies in their portfolios. Overall, our results describe how technology investment incentives are shaped by the strategic interactions between firms, market structures, and environmental policy choices.
Occludin confers adhesiveness when expressed in fibroblasts

Occludin is an integral membrane protein specifically associated with tight junctions. Previous studies suggest it is likely to function in forming the intercellular seal. In the present study, we expressed occludin under an inducible promotor in occludin-null fibroblasts to determine whether this protein confers intercellular adhesion. When human occludin is stably expressed in NRK and Rat-1 fibroblasts, which lack endogenous occludin and tight junctions but do have well developed ZO-1-containing adherens-like junctions, occludin colocalizes with ZO-1 to points of cell-cell contact. In contrast, L-cell fibroblasts which lack cadherin-based adherens junctions, target neither ZO-1 nor occludin to sites of cell contact. Occludin-induced adhesion was next quantified using a suspended cell assay. In NRK and Rat-1 cells, occludin expression induces adhesion in the absence of calcium, thus independent of cadherin-cadherin contacts. In contrast, L-cells are nonadhesive in this assay and show no increase in adhesion after induction of occludin expression. Binding of an antibody to the first of the putative extracellular loops of occludin confirmed that this sequence was exposed on the cell surface, and synthetic peptides containing the amino acid sequence of this loop inhibit adhesion induced by occludin expression. These results suggest that the extracellular surface of occludin is directly involved in cell-cell adhesion and the ability to confer adhesiveness correlates with the ability to colocalize with its cytoplasmic binding protein, ZO-1.
Efficient query evaluation for DAG-shaped hierarchies

This paper focuses on the use of labeling schemes for evaluating queries on DAG structured data, such as pedigrees and ontologies that are stored in a relational database. We compare using Dewey+ labeling, NodeCodes and its variants for the evaluation of ancestor/descendant queries on ontologies and inbreeding coefficient calculation on pedigrees. Ancestor/descendant queries can be answered based on the existence of the paths between nodes, while inbreeding coefficient calculations require the complete path information. While Dewey+ performs slightly better for descendant queries for DAGs with low selectivity, it cannot be used to evaluate queries requiring path information, e.g. inbreeding coefficient queries for pedigrees. NodeCodes enable evaluation of both types of queries (requiring path information, and ancestor/descendant queries) efficiently.
Toward a Theory of Social Support: Closing Conceptual Gaps

We define social support as “an exchange of resources between two individuals perceived by the provider or the recipient to be intended to enhance the well-being of the recipient.” We then discuss the assumptions and implications of this definition and address several gaps in the support literature. Specifically, we consider the costs and benefits of supportive exchanges for both participants, the dual and possibly incongruent perceptions of support held by the provider and the recipient, and the importance of non-network sources of support. In addition, we distinguish between the health-sustaining versus health-compensating functions of support and how these functions link with the resources provided in supportive exchanges. We next address the factors that can influence support effects and suggest a broad range of outcomes for both the provider and the recipient. Finally, we distinguish the dimensions of support from the contextual variables that can influence its quality and effectiveness.
Testicular Trauma: Potential Impact on Reproductive Function

AbstractPurpose: The long-term effects of testicular trauma on reproductive function are unknown. In an effort to define the relationship between testicular injury and fertility in humans, we identified patients with a history of testicular trauma and assessed parameters commonly associated with fertility.Materials and Methods: We reviewed 15 patients 23 to 59 years old who underwent immediate exploration after testicular trauma between 1972 and 1991. Of the patients 11 were contacted and 8 returned for prospective followup. Reproductive and sexual histories, physical examination, measurements of serum hormones and antisperm antibodies, semen analysis and scrotal ultrasound were done.Results: Of the 8 patients 1 (13 percent) achieved and 7 (87 percent) did not attempt conception. Hormonal status was normal in all 8 patients. Six men had objective evidence of subfertility by semen analysis only, although none had severe oligospermia or asthenospermia and only 1 had severe teratospermia. Five of 9 traumatiz...
FUGITIVE ACROMEGALY. ACROMEGALY FOLLOWED BY PITUITARY CACHEXIA TREATMENT WITH AN ALKALINE EXTRACT OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

Clinical studies of pituitary cachexia (Simmonds’ disease) (1) are fairly common. Calder (2) reviewed the literature up to 1932 and cited 70 cases. Since this time several new observations have been recorded. In no instance was reference made to a preceding acromegaly. Pituitary cachexia in its severest form denotes failure of the entire hypophyseal mechanism or at least complete failure of the anterior lobe. In 1928 Bailey and Cushing (3) described a syndrome termed ‘fugitive acromegaly’ in which the early evidences of acromegaly were replaced by a state of pituitary embarrassment. The terminal phenomenon, namely, cachexia, weakness, increased carbohydrate tolerance, etc., may well have been due to a failure of the acidophilic elements alone. Controlled clinical observations of such a selective pituitary deficiency are comparatively rare.
Observation of interband transitions associated with X -valley Landau levels in GaAs/AlAs quantum-well structures

We report on a magnetophotoluminescence study of an n-type modulation doped ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{As}\mathrm{ }(\mathrm{Si})/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}\mathrm{As}\mathrm{ }(\mathrm{Si})$ quantum-well structure in which a dense electron gas populates the AlAs X valleys. The interband transitions in this system are type II and exhibit GaAs and AlAs LO-phonon replicas. In the presence of a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the structure's layers luminescence features associated with the l=0 and l=1 Landau levels of the AlAs ${X}_{z}$ valleys were resolved. The slope $dE/dB$ of these transitions yield an in-plane effective mass ${m}^{*}$ of 0.44.
Conformational stability, barriers to internal rotation, ab initio calculations and vibrational assignment for chlorodifluoroacetyl chloride

Abstract The Raman (1900 to 10 cm −1 ) and infrared (1900 to 30 cm −1 ) spectra of chlorodifluoroacetyl chloride, CClF 2 CClO, in the gas and solid phases have been recorded. The Raman spectrum of the liquid, and qualitative depolarization ratios, have also been obtained. These data have been interpreted on the basis of an equilibrium between the gauche and trans conformers (chlorine atom trans to the other chlorine atom) in the gas and liquid phases. From the study of the Raman spectrum of the liquid at different temperatures, a value of 361 ± 40 cm −1 (1.03 ± 0.11 kcal mol −1 ) was determined for Δ H with the gauche conformer being the more stable form. A similar study of the sample dissolved in liquid xenon gave a Δ H value of 249 ± 60 cm −1 (0.71 ± 0.17 kcal mol −1 ), again with the gauche rotamer the more stable conformer. Therefore, the gauche conformer is the predominate rotamer in the gas and liquid and the only conformer present in the annealed solid. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for both conformers based on infrared band contours. Raman depolarization data, group frequencies and normal coordinate calculations. Optimized geometries, conformational stabilities, unscaled and scaled vibrational frequencies and harmonic force fields are reported for both conformers from ab initio calculations utilizing the RHF/3-21G*, RHF/6-31G* and/or MP2/6-31G* basis sets. These results are compared with the corresponding results for some similar molecules.
La citoyenneté politique des femmes

La citoyennete politique des femmes, Berengere Marques-Pereira, Paris : Armand Colin, 2003, 215 pages.La litterature sur la citoyennete politique des femmes s'enrichit d'une synthese originale avec la publication de cet ouvrage. S'inspirant du droit, de la philosophie et des sciences politiques, l'etude se veut egalement comparative, et presente un regard croise sur les parcours vers la citoyennete des femmes en France, en Belgique et en Argentine. L'objectif que se donne l'auteure avec cet ouvrage est d'offrir, autour de la problematique de la citoyennete, un outil de travail qui brosse un panorama sur l'emergence et sur la situation presente de la citoyennete politique des femmes. (6) Mais c'est avant tout a une reflexion theorique que nous convie l'auteure, qui relate, dans la premiere partie du livre, les fondements theoriques et les parcours historiques de la citoyennete politique des femmes. Un chapitre retrace les principales etapes de l'exclusion politique des femmes, avec certains evenements charnieres, comme la revolution francaise, qui consacre l'exclusion politique des femmes: la constitution de 1791 range les femmes dans la categorie des citoyens passifs, qui ne votent pas, mais qui ne sont pas pour autant sans representation dans la nation, puisque la figure du pater familias les represente. (34) L'auteure rappelle cependant les voix discordantes qui se sont eleve: celles de Condorcet et d'Olympe de Gouges, qui viennent baliser le terrain des luttes en faveur du suffrage des femmes qui marqueront les deux siecles qui suivront. (41) Le chapitre qui suit aborde les trajectoires dans les pays d'Europe occidentale et des Ameriques qui aboutissent a l'inclusion politique des femmes. L'auteure s'attarde a montrer les ressemblances et dissemblances de ces parcours, reprenant certaines hypotheses quant aux liens entre culture, religion et affranchissement politique des femmes. Ainsi, les trajectoires nordiques et anglo-saxonnes se caracterisent par une citoyennete feminine precoce autour de la Premiere Guerre mondiale ou dans l'entre-deux-guerres, tandis que les trajectoires latines, sous l'influence du Code napoleon, mettent en evidence une citoyennete tardive autour de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La premiere partie de l'ouvrage se termine par un retour sur les vieux cliches que la science politique a nourris autour des comportements politiques des femmes et de leur presume conservatisme. Marques-Pereira oppose a cette conception des etudes recentes qui confirment la tendance d'un vote des femmes plus a gauche, venant dementir les anciens schemas, et qui se confirme dans des pays tels la Grande-Bretagne, l'Allemagne, les Pays-Bas ou la Nouvelle-Zelande.
The action of 5-fluorouracil on the nucleic acid metabolism of pseudorabies virus-infected and noninfected rabbit kidney cells.

Abstract 5-Fluorouracil (FU) inhibits the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in rabbit kidney (RK) cells in at least two ways: (1) by preventing the formation of thymidylic acid—this inhibition occurs almost immediately after the addition of FU and is overcome by thymidine; (2) by a mechanism which is not reversible by thymidine and which occurs only after a limited synthesis of DNA has taken place in the FU-treated cells. The experiments in this paper deal mainly with the second type of inhibition (delayed type). The delayed type of inhibition is partially reversed by uridine and cytidine, but only when these nucleosides are added to the cultures simultaneously with FU. It is overcome by infection with pseudorabies (Pr) virus; the incorporation of thymidine- 2-C 14 into the DNA of FU-treated virus-infected cells remains unaffected by a concentration of FU fiftyfold greater than that sufficient to inhibit this incorporation in noninfected cells. The inhibition of the synthesis of thymidylic acid in FU-treated cells is not, however, overcome by virus infection. The synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), as measured by the uptake of uridine- 2-C 14 or adenine- 8-C 14 , is suppressed by FU to a much lesser extent than the synthesis of DNA. This effect is not reversed by virus infection. The implications of these results with respect to the mechanism of inhibition of DNA synthesis by FU are discussed.
Heavy Flavor production with ATLAS

ATLAS has a rich heavy flavor and quarkonia program with measurements and searches that can contribute to a better understanding of Quantum Chromodynamics. Using data from proton–proton collisions in the LHC at √s = 7 TeV the γ(1S, 2S, 3S) production cross sections and the charged B meson production cross section measurements are presented, along with comparisons with theoretical expectations. The observation of J /ψ produced in association with W bosons, accessible for the first time, can provide new insights into the hadro-production of charmonium.
Locating fluorescence lifetimes behind turbid layers non-invasively using sparse, time-resolved inversion

We use time-resolved sensing and sparsity-based dictionary learning to recover the locations and lifetimes of fluorescent tags hidden behind a turbid layer. We experimentally demonstrate non-invasive target classification via fluorescence lifetimes.
Algorithms for Sensor Chip Alignment to Blind Datums

The sensor element of an imaging system should be mounted into its housing in such a way that the scene can be properly focused onto the sensor element's focal plane over the active area. Operational imaging requirements are forcing increasingly smaller tolerances on sensor alignment, and manufacturing systems must improve alignment capability to keep pace. Imaging system designs include reference datums that provide the basis for manufacturing alignment of optical components in each subassembly. Design constraints for alignment of the sensor element into the camera housing typically include x,y,z, clocking, and parallelism specifications. Measurement of z and parallelism positioning is often problematic, since the relevant reference datum features are often beneath the mounting platform and are obscured to the measurement system. General algorithms for determining sensor chip alignment when datum features are inaccessible to the measurement system are described. Precharacterization measurements of datum surfaces are used to determine datum locations during alignment measurement. The algorithms are useful for active manufacturing alignment as well as postmounting alignment measurement. The algorithms are successfully implemented for ultraprecision, active manufacturing alignment, and postalignment measurement of IR imaging systems.
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan form of cellular and cell-surface Alzheimer amyloid precursor

The biological function of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is still not fully understood. Recently, we reported that secreted truncated APP occurs in a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan form. Here we present evidence that full length APP-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is present on the cell surface of C6 glioma cells. In addition, densitometric quantitation of Western blots showed that approximately 50% of the mature cell-associated full length APP is in the proteoglycan form. These findings suggest that the proteoglycan nature of APP may be important for the implementation of its biological function.
Impaired NaV1.2 Function and Reduced Cell Surface Expression in Benign Familial Neonatal-Infantile Seizures

Summary Purpose: Mutations in SCN2A, the gene encoding the brain voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit NaV1.2, are associated with inherited epilepsies including benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures (BFNIS). Functional characterization of three BFNIS mutations was performed to identify defects in channel function that underlie this disease. Methods: We examined three BFNIS mutations (R1319Q, L1330F, and L1563V) using whole-cell patch-clamp recording of heterologously expressed human NaV1.2. Membrane biotinylation was employed to examine the cell surface protein expression of the four NaV1.2 alleles. Results: R1319Q displayed mixed effects on activation and fast inactivation gating, consistent with a net loss of channel function. L1563V exhibited impaired fast inactivation predicting a net gain of channel function. The L1330F mutation significantly decreased overall channel availability during repetitive stimulation. Patch-clamp analysis also revealed that cells expressing BFNIS mutants exhibited lower levels of sodium current compared to wild type (WT) NaV1.2. Biochemical experiments demonstrated that all three BFNIS mutations exhibited a significant reduction in cell surface expression compared to WT. Discussion: Our findings indicate that BFNIS is associated with a range of biophysical defects accompanied by reduced levels of channel protein at the plasma membrane.
A likelihood-based method for analysing longitudinal binary responses

SUMMARY In this paper, we discuss a likelihood-based method for analysing correlated binary responses based on a multivariate model. It is related to the pseudo-maximum likelihood approach suggested recently by Zhao & Prentice (1990). Their parameterization results in a simple pairwise model, in which the association between responses is modelled in terms of correlations, while the present paper uses conditional log odds-ratios. With this approach, higher-order associations can be incorporated in a natural way. One important advantage of this parameterization is that the maximum likelihood estimates of the marginal mean parameters are robust to misspecification of the time dependence. We describe an iterative two-stage procedure for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates. Two examples are presented to illustrate this methodology.
Inhibition of Glycolysis by Pyruvate in Relation to the Accumulation of Citric Acid Cycle Intermediates in the Perfused Rat Heart

RECENT investigations have established that the addition of metabolic fuels such as acetoacetate, fatty acids, lactate or pyruvate to hearts perfused with glucose and insulin inhibits the rate of glucose uptake and oxidation1–4. It has been proposed that during respiration of these substrates, glycolysis is inhibited by a common mechanism; namely, an indirect inhibition of phosphofructokinase as indicated by increased levels of hexose monophosphates and decreased levels of fructose-1,6-diphosphate5. Furthermore, phosphofructokinase activity has been shown to be depressed in hearts from diabetic rats which also have a decreased rate of glucose utilization6. It has recently been reported that citrate not only inhibits phosphofructokinase activity in cell-free system, but also accumulates in hearts from diabetic rats, and in isolated hearts perfused with long- and short-chain fatty acids7–9. These results have led to the suggestion that the rate of glycolysis may in some measure be controlled by the activity of the citric acid cycle. Williamson10 has reported that the rate-limiting step of glycolysis in perfused hearts with pyruvate as substrate occurred not at the phosphofructokinase step, as proposed by Newsholme et al.5, but at a site located between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate. It was therefore considered of interest to examine the kinetics of the changes of the glycolytic intermediates after addition of pyruvate, in conjunction with the levels of certain citric acid cycle intermediates in both the intact heart and isolated heart mitochondria.
Transforming growth factor-β1 induces neuronal and astrocyte genes: Tubulin α1, glial fibrillary acidic protein and clusterin

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 was studied as a possible regulator of messenger RNAs in astrocytes and neurons that increase after hippocampal deafferentation by perforant path transection: tubulin alpha 1, clusterin and glial fibrillary acidic protein messenger RNA. Because transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNA is increased after this lesion, we examined which messenger RNA lesion responses could be induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 alone. Porcine transforming growth factor-beta 1 infused into the lateral ventricle elevated the messenger RNAs for tubulin alpha 1, clusterin and glial fibrillary acidic protein 24 h after infusion in the ipsilateral hippocampus. As assayed by nuclear run-on, the transcription of glial fibrillary acidic protein RNA was increased in the ipsilateral hippocampus after perforant path transection and in primary rat astrocyte cultures by transforming growth factor-beta 1. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta 1 did not change apolipoprotein-E messenger RNA or transcription, or growth associated protein-43 messenger RNA levels. We conclude that transforming growth factor-beta 1 increases subsets of neuronal and astrocyte messenger RNAs coding for cytoskeletal proteins that are also elevated in response to experimental lesions and Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that transforming growth factor-beta 1 might be a local organizing factor of neuronal and astrocyte responses to brain injury.
Factors influencing pharmacy students' choice of major and its relationship to anticipatory socialization.

Objectives. To determine factors that influenced students' choice of pharmacy as a major and assess relationships between these factors and anticipatory socialization. Methods. Two hundred fifteen ...
Television viewing is not predictive of BMI in Black and Hispanic young adult females.

Previous studies have observed that television (TV) viewing is predictive of obesity and weight gain. We examined whether the cross-sectional association between TV viewing and BMI varied by racial/ethnic subgroups among young women in Wave III (collected in 2001-2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We used multivariate linear regression to examine the relationship between TV viewing and BMI among 6,049 females while controlling for sociodemographic and health attributes. We stratified the sample by race/ethnicity to better understand the association between TV viewing and BMI across different groups. Black and Hispanic females had higher BMIs (black: 28.5 kg/m(2), Hispanic: 27.3 kg/m(2), white: 26.0 kg/m(2)) than white females, while black females reported higher numbers of hours spent watching TV (black: 14.7 h/week, Hispanic: 10.6 h/week, white: 11.2 h/week) when compared to their white and Hispanic peers. TV viewing was positively associated with BMI (beta = 0.79, P = 0.003 for 8-14 vs. 14 vs. < or =7 h/week) independent of race/ethnicity, age, maternal education, history of pregnancy, parental obesity, and household income. However, in models stratified by race/ethnicity, increased TV viewing was associated with increased BMI only among white females; TV viewing was not predictive of higher BMI in black or Hispanic young adult females. Among black and Hispanic females, counseling to decrease TV viewing may be important but insufficient for promoting weight loss.
Lessons Learned From Disasters Affecting Children

This article is part of a collaborative effort by experts in the field of emergency preparedness to complete an overview begun by the late Michael Shannon, MD, MPH, on the current challenges and future directions in pediatric disaster readiness. This particular article, "Lessons Learned From Disasters Affecting Children," will address pediatric-specific vulnerabilities to disasters and pediatric patient care considerations in various phases of disaster planning and response, as has been learned from recent experiences.
Transversus abdominis plane block in robotic gynecologic oncology: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Objective Although robotic surgery decreases pain compared to laparotomy, postoperative pain can be a concern near the site of a larger assistant trocar site. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on 24-hour postoperative opiate use after robotic surgery for gynecologic cancer. Methods Sixty-four subjects with gynecologic malignancies who were scheduled to undergo robotic surgery were enrolled into the study. They were randomized to receive a unilateral TAP block to the side of the assistant port via ultrasound guidance. The block was comprised of 30cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with 3mcg/mL epinephrine or saline. Opiate use was measured and converted into IV morphine equivalents. Patient-reported pain was measured using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results The treatment group used a mean of 64.9mg morphine in the first 24h compared to 69.3mg for controls (primary outcome, p =0.52). After age-adjustment, the treatment group used a mean of 11.1mg morphine less than controls ( p =0.09). Postoperative pain scores assessed by the BPI (6.44 vs. 6.97, p =0.37) and the VAS (3.12 vs. 3.61, p =0.30) were equivalent. Block placement was uncomplicated in 98.4% of participants with mean BMI of 35.3kg/m 2 . Linear regression revealed an approximate 8.1mg decrease in morphine equivalents used per additional decade of life ( p =0.0008). There was a positive correlation between the amount of opiates and BMI with an additional 8.8mg of morphine per 10kg/m 2 increase in BMI ( p =0.0012). Conclusions TAP block is safe and feasible in this patient population with a large proportion of morbid obesity. Preoperative TAP block does not significantly decrease opiate use. However; based on these data, a clinically useful nomogram has been created to aid clinicians in postoperative opiate-dosing for patients based on age and BMI.
A three-dimensional diffusion/convection model of the large scale magnetic field in the Venus ionosphere

A three-dimensinal diffusion/convection model of the dayside Venus ionosphere magnetic field was developed on the basis of previously published one-dimensional diffusion/convection models, and assuming that the field and flow at the upper boundary (in the magnetic barrier) as well as the ionospheric plasma velocity are known. The results indicate that the low-altitude magnetosheath field draping may be distorted by the interaction with the ionosphere in such a manner that there is an apparent 'focusing' of the field toward the subsolar point, caused by the shear in the horizontal velocity between the magnetosheath and ionospheric flows. A comparison of published magnetic-field observations with the present results indicates that the simple nesting of external and internal velocity fields may be a good approximation to global plasma flows near Venus under normal conditions.
EXERCISE TESTING IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION: Exercise Prescription and Beyond

The prescription of exercise, either as a part of a formal exercise training program or as a means to increase physical activity in general, has been and will remain a primary component of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programming. Wherever possible, this prescription should be based on a recent exercise test that documents the cardiac patient's functional capacity, cardiac and hemodynamic responses to exercise, and signs and symptoms associated with exertion. Clearly the prescription of exercise and suggestions for increasing levels of physical activity must be based on accepted principles of exercise physiology and expected training responses. Nonetheless, the art of exercise prescription should guarantee flexible methodologies to meet the specific needs of each individual patient. Although the patient must accept ultimate responsibility for participation, the clinician bears the burden of continually attempting to reinforce the importance of increasing caloric expenditure and motivating patients to initiate and commit to long-term participation in a safe and appropriately designed program of exercise and increasing physical activity.
The Development, Validation, and Application of the "Doctoral Student Connectedness Scale"

Abstract Student attrition from distance and limited-residency doctoral programs is significantly higher than that from traditional programs. The focus of this paper is the development and application of a survey instrument, the Doctoral Student Connectedness Scale , designed to identify students at risk of dropout. The study focused exclusively on students currently working on their dissertations with results indicating that low feelings of student-to-student and student-to-faculty connectedness in the learning environment may be predictive of departure from the program. This study supports the work of Lovitts (2001) and others who have also recognized connectedness as an integral part of the dissertation experience. Recommendations are made for addressing these issues through various initiatives that administrators, faculty, and students can support including the design and development of a doctoral student community of practice (CoP).