cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Precision Coaxial Manganin Shunts

High precision, four-terminal resistors (shunts) of coaxial design have been developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for measuring and controlling constant or pulsed magnet currents. Air or water-cooled shunts for currents between 50 A and 10 kA have been built. Their frequency response ranges from dc to tens of kilohertz, and their resistance is reproducible within ±0. 001%. The resistance-stress coefficient of shunt-manganin was determined for compressive stresses applied transverse to the direction of current flow.
Incident Hepatitis C Virus Infection among US HIV-Infected Men Enrolled in Clinical Trials

Because of shared transmission routes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is common, impacting up to 30% of HIV-infected persons in the United States and 4–5 million persons worldwide [1,2]. Chronic HCV infection has become a leading cause of non-AIDS related morbidity and mortality for HIV-infected persons in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era [3]. With aggressive HCV disease progression, low potential for spontaneous viral clearance, and poorly tolerated therapy with marginal efficacy in the context of HIV infection, new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection are imperative. The principal route of HCV spread in the United States is injection drug use (IDU) [4]. Because of the low rates of transmission between discordant heterosexual couples, HCV has not been considered to be a sexually transmitted virus [5]. However, recent reports indicated outbreaks of acute HCV infection, defined as the initial 6 months of infection, among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in association with traumatic sexual practices (eg, unprotected anal intercourse, the use of sex toys, multiple partners, and manual insertion) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the absence of IDU in Europe, Australia, New York, and California [6–11]. The extent to which this pattern is occurring throughout the United States is unknown. Until recently, HCV has been thought to precede HIV infection in most cases; thus, current US Public Health Service HIV guidelines endorse only HCV antibody testing at the time of HIV diagnosis. HIV-infected, HCV-seronegative patients are rarely screened subsequently [12]. However, HCV treatment leading to a sustained virologic response reduces liver-related mortality and morbidity and is more likely to be effective in the context of acute HCV infection. [13–16]. Thus, it is vital to diagnose incident HCV infection in HIV-infected persons. This report describes behavioral and demographic factors associated with HCV antibody seroconversion in HIV-1–seropositive male participants of a large North American cohort, the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) Longitudinal Linked Randomized Trials (ALLRT) study.
Utilization of normal alkanes by yeasts

A stable mixed yeast culture designated as Culture 4, consisting of Candida intermedia and Candida lipolytica was investigated. The culture was judged stable based on uniformity of fermentation results and the nearly constant ratio of the two organisms at the completion of fermentations. However, the ratio of the two organisms at different times during the fermentation was not determined. The mixed culture grew more rapidly on n-alkanes than did C. intermedia; C. lipolytica did not grow on unsupplemented mineral salt–n-alkane medium. Solid n-alkanes were dissolved in 2,6,0,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) for investigation as carbon sources. With Culture 4, on n-alkanes ranging from pentadecane (C15) through octacosane (C28), cell yields were 74.2–89.5%; generation times were 3.0–8.0 hr. during the exponential growth phase. The fastest growth rates and highest cell yields were obtained with docosane (C22) as substrate. The cells obtained contained 6.75–8.81% nitrogen and 1.9–13.4% lipid. Crude protein yields were 34.4–47.6%. The oxidation of n-alkanes by C. intermedia was studied manometrically with resting whole cells. The alkaneoxidizing system of this organism appears to be constitutive and nonspecific for alkane substrates.
Functional forms and aggregate U.S. domestic air cargo demand: 1950–1977

Abstract Empirical demand functions for U.S. domestic air cargo, passenger/cargo and all-cargo activity are constructed and estimated with time series data from 1950 to 1977. The Box-Cox transformation technique is used to choose the generalized functional form for the air cargo demand functions. The empirical results suggest that neither a linear nor log form is appropropriate for the passenger/cargo demand function in this sample period, according to the Box-Cox maximum likelihood criteria. Also the implications of choosing alternative functional forms for long-term forecasts are also discussed.
Phase Field Theory and Analysis of Pressure-Shear Induced Amorphization and Failure in Boron Carbide Ceramic

A nonlinear continuum phase field theory is developed to describe amorphization of crystalline elastic solids under shear and/or pressure loading. An order parameter describes the local degree of crystallinity. Elastic coefficients can depend on the order parameter, inelastic volume change may accompany the transition from crystal to amorphous phase, and transitional regions parallel to bands of amorphous material are penalized by interfacial surface energy. Analytical and simple numerical solutions are obtained for an idealized isotropic version of the general theory, for an element of material subjected to compressive and/or shear loading. Solutions compare favorably with experimental evidence and atomic simulations of amorphization in boron carbide, demonstrating the tendency for structural collapse and strength loss with increasing shear deformation and superposed pressure.
Millimeter-wave power amplifier circuit-device simulations through coupled Harmonic Balance - Monte Carlo particle-based device simulator

We describe the large-signal characterization of mm-wave FET power amplifiers with high-Q matching network performed through full band Monte Carlo particle-based device simulations self-consistently coupled with a Harmonic Balance frequency domain circuit solver. Such circuit-device simulations allow to include the effect of the matching network as well as parasitic elements in the large-signal characterization of mm-wave FETs.
Robust control of biped robots

Demonstrates a strategy for the design and implementation of robust controllers for robots. The design technique is based on constructing an error vector between the robot measurable states and the desired states, then forcing the gradient of this error vector to be negative via the use of a suitable Lyapunov function. The controller is robust in the sense that it accommodates unstructured uncertainties inherent in robotics. Different robots having different degrees of complexities are used to simulate the response of the proposed controller and compare it to existing ones. The simulation is made in a MATLAB environment. A few practical considerations are then addressed to investigate the causality of the proposed controller and its applicability to real-time situations. A conclusion is submitted with a few comments regarding both adaptivity and real-time compatibility of the proposed controller.
The relationship between the therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome in two distinct psychotherapies for chronic depression.

Objective: This study tested whether the quality of the patient-rated working alliance, measured early in treatment, predicted subsequent symptom reduction in chronically depressed patients. Secondarily, the study assessed whether the relationship between early alliance and response to treatment differed between patients receiving cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) vs. brief supportive psychotherapy (BSP). Method: 395 adults (57% female; Mage 46; 91% Caucasian) who met criteria for chronic depression and did not fully remit during a 12-week algorithm-based, open-label pharmacotherapy trial were randomized to receive either 16–20 sessions of CBASP or BSP in addition to continued, algorithm-based antidepressant medication. Of these, 224 patients completed the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Form at Weeks 2 or 4 of treatment. Blind raters assessed depressive symptoms at 2-week intervals across treatment using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Linear mixed models tested the association between early alliance and subsequent symptom ratings while accounting for early symptom change. Results: A more positive early working alliance was associated with lower subsequent symptom ratings in both the CBASP and BSP, F(1, 1236) 62.48, p.001. In addition, the interaction between alliance and psychotherapy type was significant, such that alliance quality was more strongly associated with symptom ratings among those in the CBASP treatment group, F(1, 1234) 8.31, p .004. Conclusions: The results support the role of the therapeutic alliance as a predictor of outcome across dissimilar treatments for chronic depression. Contrary to expectations, the therapeutic alliance was more strongly related to outcome in CBASP, the more directive of the 2 therapies.
Soviet Naval Doctrine and Soviet Politics, 1953–1975

The two major and interrelated questions this study poses are: (1) How has Soviet naval doctrine developed and adapted to the demands of the nuclear age?; and (2) How do the changes in Soviet naval doctrine relate to the context of Soviet foreign policy and domestic politics? The article demonstrates that Soviet doctrine has accommodated to the challenges of the nuclear age by combining the tenets of traditional and modern warfare. Changes in naval doctrine have come about because of a need to meet the competition of the United States in world politics, and as a response to active interest-group pressure within the Soviet political system. Soviet naval doctrine does not necessarily “mirror” Western doctrine, but reflects a distinct, Soviet view of naval utilization.
Transient cervical nerve root compression modulates pain: Load thresholds for allodynia and sustained changes in spinal neuropeptide expression

Nerve root compression produces chronic pain and altered spinal neuropeptide expression. This study utilized controlled transient loading in a rat model of painful cervical nerve root compression to investigate the dependence of mechanical allodynia on load magnitude. Injury loads (0-110mN) were applied quasistatically using a customized loading device, and load thresholds to produce maintained mechanical allodynia were defined. Bilateral spinal expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was assessed 7 days following compression using immunohistochemistry to determine relationships between these neuropeptides and compression load. A three-segment change point model was implemented to model allodynia responses and their relationship to load. Load thresholds were defined at which ipsilateral and contralateral allodynia were produced and sustained. The threshold for increased allodynia was lowest for acute (day 1) ipsilateral responses (26.29mN), while thresholds for allodynia on day 7 were similar for the ipsilateral (38.16mN) and contralateral forepaw (38.26mN). CGRP, but not SP, significantly decreased with load; the thresholds for ipsilateral and contralateral CGRP decreases corresponded to 19.52 and 24.03mN, respectively. These thresholds suggest bilateral allodynia may be mediated by spinal mechanisms, and that these mechanisms depend on the magnitude of load.
Identification of Transport Proteins Involved in Free Fatty Acid Efflux in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli has been used as a platform host for studying the production of free fatty acids (FFA) and other energy-dense compounds useful in biofuel applications. Most of the FFA produced by E. coli are found extracellularly. This finding suggests that a mechanism for transport across the cell envelope exists, yet knowledge of proteins that may be responsible for export remains incomplete. Production of FFA has been shown to cause cell lysis, induce stress responses, and impair basic physiological processes. These phenotypes could potentially be diminished if efflux rates were increased. Here, a total of 15 genes and operons were deleted and screened for their impact on cell viability and titer in FFA-producing E. coli. Deletions of acrAB and rob and, to a lower degree of statistical confidence, emrAB, mdtEF, and mdtABCD reduced multiple measures of viability, while deletion of tolC nearly abolished FFA production. An acrAB emrAB deletion strain exhibited greatly reduced FFA titers approaching the tolC deletion phenotype. Expression of efflux pumps on multicopy plasmids did not improve endogenous FFA production in an acrAB(+) strain, but plasmid-based expression of acrAB, mdtEF, and an mdtEF-tolC artificial operon improved the MIC of exogenously added decanoate for an acrAB mutant strain. The findings suggest that AcrAB-TolC is responsible for most of the FFA efflux in E. coli, with residual activity provided by other resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily-type efflux pumps, including EmrAB-TolC and MdtEF-TolC. While the expression of these proteins on multicopy plasmids did not improve production over the basal level, their identification enables future engineering efforts.
Evaluation and Modification of Wire-Backed Nonwoven Geotextile Silt Fence for Use As a Ditch Check

AbstractConstruction activities require contractors to install, continuously monitor, and maintain controls to minimize erosion and sediment transport. Construction sites discharge up to 100 times ...
Juvenile Delinquents: A Between-Group Comparison Study of Sexual and Nonsexual Offenders

This article presents a comprehensive descriptive study of incarcerated juvenile sexual offenders and an analysis of group differences between sexual and nonsexual offenders. The study utilized a large sample (N=156) with a properly defined comparison group, standardized psychometric measures, and substantial institutional and therapeutic record reviews. The sample was described and compared on measures of delinquent history, intelligence, academic achievement, and psychopathology. The goal of the research was to identify characteristics unique to sexual offenders that could lead to etiological theories about why juvenile offenders act out as they do. The research results did not reveal a meaningful pattern of differences between the groups on the variables measured. The data supported the conclusion that sexual offending by incarcerated juveniles is likely to be but one expression of antisocial, violent behavior by these juveniles. The similarities are indicative of commensurate therapeutic needs for both types of offenders. In addition to sexual offender specific treatment, these juveniles should receive treatment that targets other aspects of their antisocial, violent behavior.
A Comparative Multidimensional Nuclear Analysis of Candidate Blanket Designs for Tokamak and Tandem Mirror Reactor Concepts

Three-dimensional, tritium breeding, and energy multiplication analyses were performed for nine tandem mirror reactor (TMR) designs and seven tokamak reactor designs that had evolved as the ''rank-1'' concept from the latest Blanket Comparison and Selection Study. These designs include a variety of combinations of candidate breeder, coolant, and structural materials that seem most promising for the respective TMR/tokamak concept application. The analysis was performed using a single consistent computational technique, i.e., a continuous energy Monte Carlo transport method based on MCNP with the associated cross section libraries based on the latest ENDF/B-V data. Through a comparative study of those 16 candidate blanket designs, an attempt is made to rank them from a standpoint of the neutronic blanket performance.
Research Pipeline I: Topical Therapies

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease affected by both genetics and immune factors. This devastating disease has a huge impact on the quality of life of affected individuals and a pronounced economic burden on the society. Recent understanding of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis has led to significant progress in its treatment. Many disease-related factors affect the choice of therapy. Mild psoriasis can generally be managed with topical medications, while moderate-to-severe psoriasis is conventionally treated with more aggressive systemic therapies. The ideal treatment should be cost-effective, provide long-term remission and exhibit few side effects. This chapter highlights topical therapies currently under development for psoriasis.
Storm-induced semidiurnal perturbations to surges on the US Eastern Seaboard

Abstract Analysis of 19-year-long tidal gauge records along the US East Coast has revealed the appearance of semidiurnal perturbations to storm surges in the South Atlantic Bight. A total of 85 events with semidiurnal-surge amplitudes higher than 20% of the astronomic tidal amplitude and durations longer than two days were identified. These semidiurnal surge events were triggered by the passage of tropical storms and cold fronts. As a consequence of the storm-induced forcing, observed tides were delayed and partially damped with respect to the predictions. Such delay and damping resulted in a semidiurnal signal on the surge. Parallel-to-shore winds in the shelf region between Cape Hatteras and the South Atlantic Bight were highly correlated with the generation of the semidiurnal perturbations. Increased bottom friction combined with Coriolis acceleration, resulting from enhanced wind-driven alongshore currents, are proposed to be the primary factors delaying and attenuating astronomic tides.
Nondestructive Quantitative Dopant Profiling Technique by Contact Radiography

We have developed the only non-destructive technique to profile graded dopants in ICF shells to the precision required by the NIF specifications (Doping level must be accurate to 0.03 at. % and its radial distribution accurate to submicron precision). This quantitative contact radiography method was based on precision film digitization and a dopant simulation model. The measurements on Cu/Be and Ge/CH shells agree with those from electron microprobe and X-ray fluorescence.
A Living Metaphor of Differentiation: A Meta-Ethnography of Cognitively Guided Instruction in the Elementary Classroom

This meta-ethnography explores qualitative studies around the Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) framework of mathematics and illustrates how CGI epitomizes differentiation. The meta-ethnographic process is used to synthesize CGI as differentiation, specifically within the elementary mathematics classroom. Thomas P. Carpenter is credited as one of the foundational researchers of this instructional model, along with his team of Fennema, Franke, Levi, and Empson. Six qualitative pieces from this author group are synthesized to create a reciprocal translation, described by Noblit and Hare (1988) as a generation of a metaphor across similar studies. In this case, the pieces work together to form a metaphor of differentiation across the themes of student centered pacing, alternative forms of assessment and teacher scaffolding.
MORTALITY AFTER BEREAVEMENT

A nonconcurrent prospective study in Washington County Maryland USA identified 4032 (1204 male 2828 female) white persons 18 [years] and over who were enumerated in a 1963 nonofficial census and became widowed between 1963 and 1974 and an equal number of married persons each matched to a widowed person as to race sex year of birth and geography of residence. All were followed to 1975 the date of a 2nd census. Mortality rates based on person-years at risk were virtually no different for female widowed than married but significantly higher for male widowed than married even after adjustment for a number of demographic socioeconomic and behavioral variables. (EXCERPT)
Abstract ED01-02: Sphingolipid biodiversity and cancer: an endless source of surprises in cell regulation and novel strategies for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy

ED01-02 Sphingolipids are found in essentially all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes and viruses where they influence cell structure, signaling, and interactions with the extracellular environment. The structural diversity of sphingolipids is mind-bogglingly complex due to the combinatorial possibilities for subspecies variation in the lipid backbones (sphingoid base and N-acyl-derivatives, i.e., “ceramides”) and headgroups. Early comparisons of the glycosphingolipids of normal and transformed cells found differences that prompted speculation that “the structural remodeling of glycolipids and glycoproteins are undoubtedly a key to open a secret box of malignancy” (Hakomori and Murakami,1968). This hypothesis can be reexamined using conventional and “bio-imaging” mass spectrometry, which can be combined with gene expression data for tumors and cancer cell lines to explore the molecular basis for this diversity, and possibly to identify new biomarkers. The lipid backbones of sphingolipids are additionally interesting because they serve as intracellular and extracellular signals for a wide spectrum of pathways that are important in cancer. This has provided new leads for pharmacologic intervention as well as better understanding of how some chemotherapeutic drugs, and some componsnts of the diet, affect cancer. However, because sphingolipids affect a large number of signaling pathways, it is difficult to interpret and optimize their effects using the typical paradigm of drug discovery (i.e., as agents that are active against a single molecular target). Nonetheless, as an understanding of this complexity has evolved, it has become likely that sphingolipids suppress cancer by modulation of multiple interrelated signaling pathways--in essence, behave like a multi-drug combination. It will probably be necessary to employ the tools of “omics” and systems biology to understand, and capitalize on, the exceptional promise of sphingolipids for cancer detection, chemotherapy and prevention. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):ED01-02.
Coordination effects on electron distributions for rhodium complexes of the redox-active bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenolate)amide ligand.

New rhodium complexes of bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-phenol)amine ([ONOcat]H3) were synthesized, and their electronic properties were investigated. These compounds were prepared by combining [ONOq]K and [(cod)Rh(μ-Cl)]2 in the presence of an auxiliary donor ligand to yield complexes of the type [ONO]RhLn (n = 3, L = py (1); n = 2, L = PMe3 (2a), L = PMe2Ph (2b), PMePh2 (2c), PPh3 (2d)). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies on [ONO]Rh(py)3 (1) revealed a six-coordinate, octahedral rhodium complex. In the case of [ONO]Rh(PMe3)2 (2a), X-ray diffraction showed a five-coordinate, distorted square-pyramidal coordination environment around the rhodium center. While 1 is static on the NMR time scale, complexes 2a–d are fluxional, displaying both rapid isomerization of the square-pyramidal structure and exchange of coordinated and free phosphine ligands. UV–vis spectroscopy shows stark electronic differences between 1 and 2a–d. Whereas 1 displays a strong absorbance at 380 nm with a much weaker band at 585 nm in t...
Multi-time Scale Dynamics in Energy-integrated Networks: A Graph Theoretic Analysis

Abstract Energy integrated networks, designed to reduce energy consumption, offer cost savings at the expense of challenging operation. Simple networks with energy integration, involving either a large recycle of energy or a large throughput of energy, have been shown to exhibit dynamic behavior evolving over two time scales. In this paper, the time scale properties in the dynamics of networks involving multiple, interconnected throughputs and recycle loops are investigated. A graph theoretic analysis framework is developed which allows identifying the time scales where each of the process units in the network evolves, based on knowledge of the order of magnitude of the energy flows in the network. An example network is considered to illustrate the application of the proposed framework.
Impact of Dengue/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever on The Developing World

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the changing epidemiology of Dengue/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DEN/DHF), estimates the global growth in the number of cases of DEN/DHF from 1955 to 1996, and uses these incidence data to estimate the global economic impact of this disease. Epidemic DEN/DHF has emerged as a global public health problem in the tropics in the past 20 years. This has been caused by the expanding geographic distribution of both the viruses and the principal mosquito vectors as a result of global demographic and societal changes. During this period, most tropical urban centers of the world have become hyperendemic, thus increasing the risk of epidemic transmission and the emergence of DHF. Despite this dramatic emergence of a new hemorrhagic disease, few estimates of the economic impact of DEN/DHF have been attempted. The lack of estimates of the economic impact of endemic DEN/DHF is important, because such estimates are needed by policy planners to help allocate limited resources for research, prevention, and control activities. Different model for evaluating the effect of the impact of DEN/DHF is provided in this chapter.
Methodology for Simulating Manual Traffic Control

Manual traffic control (MTC) is a key part of managing traffic during emergencies and planned special events. Despite its long history, there has been little, if any, research on how to model MTC effectively. It is commonly represented as a version of actuated signal control. Although this method is useful, it has significant shortcomings because it does not adequately represent the variability of police officer control actions under field conditions. This paper presents the results of recent research to develop an MTC model and integrate it into a traffic simulation system. Here, the process of MTC is represented by police officers’ decision making in relation to a system of discrete choice equations (logit models) that compute signal phase length and green-time allocation as a function of demand, directional priority, phase length, and gaps in the approach traffic streams. The MTC discrete choice model was validated with the use of various data sets to show that it computed phase lengths and allocated g...
Fractional Permissions for Race-Free Mutable References in a Dataflow Intermediate Language

ParalleX is an execution model tailored to exascale computing. To this aim, it employs a global shared memory and supports multi-level parallelism. In systems that mix parallelism and mutable shared memory, the definition of a memory model becomes challenging. Following the advice of Adve and Boehm (2010), we balance efficiency and simplicity by going the route of statically enforcing data-race freedom (DRF), which makes sequential consistency efficient to implement on weak memory models.In this paper, we report on a type system that ensures DRF for the core of the dataflow intermediate language used within ParalleX. The type system adapts the notion of fractional permissions to the dataflow context and provides a novel treatment of mutable references, using a combination of affine variables and fractional sums. We give an overview of the type system and demonstrate its use in some examples.
Using Test Clouds to Enable Continuous Integration Testing of Distributed Real-Time and Embedded System Applications

It is critical to evaluate the quality-of-service (QoS) properties of enterprise distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) system early in the software lifecycle—instead of waiting until system integration time—to minimize the impact of rework needed to remedy QoS defects. Unfortunately, enterprise DRE system developers and testers often lack the necessary resources to support such testing efforts. This chapter discusses how test clouds (i.e., cloud-computing environments designed for testing) can provide the necessary testing resources. When combined with system execution modeling (SEM) tools, test clouds provide the necessary toolsets to perform QoS testing earlier in the software lifecycle. A case study of design and implementing resource management infrasutrcture from the domain of shipboard computing environments is used to show how SEM tools and test clouds can be used to identify defects in system QoS specifications and enforcement mechanisms earlier in the software lifecycle.
Therapeutic genome engineering via CRISPR‐Cas systems

Differences in genomes underlie most organismal diversity, and aberrations in genomes underlie many disease states. With the growing knowledge of the genetic and pathogenic basis of human disease, development of safe and efficient platforms for genome and epigenome engineering will transform our ability to therapeutically target human diseases and also potentially engineer disease resistance. In this regard, the recent advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) RNA-guided nuclease systems have transformed our ability to target nucleic acids. Here we review therapeutic genome engineering applications with a specific focus on the CRISPR-Cas toolsets. We summarize past and current work, and also outline key challenges and future directions. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1380. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1380 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Crossing Boundaries: Medicaid and Public Health Collaborations to Help Smokers Quit, 8 States, 2015

Objectives:Previous state interagency collaborations have led to successful tobacco cessation initiatives. The objective of this study was to assess the roles and interaction of state Medicaid and ...
Using a CQI Team to Produce a More Efficient Nursing Home Placement Process

Article-at-a-Glance Background Caldwell Memorial Hospital, a 120-bed not-for-profit community facility in a rural area in western North Carolina, is within a 12-mile radius of three 120-bed skilled nursing facilities. Generally, one-fourth to one-third of its inpatients are from a nursing home. The Nursing Home Placement Process Project Since 1992 Caldwell has utilized the data-driven, six-step Juran method for its continuous quality improvement (CQI) projects. A CQI team working on social workers' efficiency and visibility recommended that another team begin work on the nursing home placement process. Area nursing homes complained that they were not receiving their fair share of referrals and that transfer documentation was, at times, lacking. The team arrives at remedies The nursing home placement process was streamlined and forms were improved and standardized. A notebook was created and procedures for nursing home placement and for using forms were placed in this notebook. In addition, the team identified and created the long term care fax list, which included all 28 facilities within a 50-mile radius. Implementation A pilot project involving 23 patients was conducted from July 24, 1995, until August 31, 1995. With successful results, the decision was made to replicate the new nursing home placement process with all other nursing homes. The team held an open house at the hospital. Results There have been no complaints from the nursing homes through 1996. The team spirit that originated during the team time carried over into everyday work, resulting in a better relationship between the hospital and nursing home staffs.
Association between peak estradiol levels and ovarian torsion among symptomatic patients receiving gonadotropin treatment.

Purpose Ovarian torsion is a surgical emergency that can be clinically challenging to diagnose. Patients who have received assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are a subset of women with an increased risk for torsion. As the ART population continues to increase, there is a need to delineate risk factors for the development of ovarian torsion in this unique population. A pilot study was performed to determine the proportion of patients with suspected ovarian torsion who have received ART and to identify possible diagnostic biomarkers for ovarian torsion among these patients.
Promoting self-regulated learning skills in agent-based learning environments

We have developed computer environments that support learning by teaching, concept mapping, scaffolding, and the use of self regulated learning (SRL) skills by social interactions with virtual agents. More specifically, students teach a computer agent, Betty, and can monitor her progress by asking her questions and getting her to take quizzes. The system provides SRL support via dialog-embedded prompts. Our primary goals have been to support learning in complex science domains and facilitate development of self-regulated learning skills. Our analyses have identified actions such as “asking queries” and “tracing explanations” as key self-regulation strategies that promote learning.
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Cascade in Airway Epithelial Regulation of Mucus Production

The airways form an interface between the host and the environment. The lungs serve the function of gas exchange, and the airways connect the external environment with the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. During inspiration, a wide variety of microbes (e.g., bacteria, viruses) and irritants (e.g., cigarette smoke) deposit on the airway epithelial surface. The epithelium contains an “early warning system” for immediate responses to these particulate invaders, known as “innate immune responses”. Normally, exposure to these inhaled invaders occurs without symptoms or altered function, but in chronic airway diseases, exaggerated responses occur, leading to impaired function and death. Mucous hypersecretion is a major constituent of these disease states. This chapter focuses on mucins, the different effects of hypersecretion in large conducting airways vs small airways and the possible roles of hypersecretion in chronic airway diseases.
Controversies in the Management of Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts

Abstract The management of asymptomatic arachnoid cysts is still a matter of extensive debate in the pediatric neurosurgical literature. Major concerns relate to Sylvian cysts because of their relatively predominant incidence and prevalence of occasional diagnosis. Discussion is also still common for other less common locations, such as the interhemispheric fissure, for the frequent association of these cysts with other intracranial malformations, and the posterior fossa because of their potentially dangerous location and their not uncommon diagnosis in children with aspecific clinical symptoms.
Development, Validation, and Application for a Bilingual Education Curriculum in Turkey

The right to education is one of the most essential rights ensured by international agreements. The right of mother tongue education is vital for a child to have equal access to education and derive benefits from that education as do other children. The literature has claimed that receiving bilingual education offers many benefits, such as preserving cultural and ethnic identity and the linguistic knowledge of minority groups, and helps in socialization so that minority group members are involved in the community. Therefore, a need exists to develop a bilingual education program for the benefit of the academic development and social life of minority communities. The purpose of this study is to investigate a bilingual education curriculum scale including certain parameters such as the views and attitudes towards bilingual education and curriculum development that may affect the development of a bilingual education curriculum in Turkey. The results indicated that “The Attitude Scale towards the Development of a Bilingual Education Curriculum (DBEC)” is a valid and reliable tool. The DBEC is a valid and reliable data collection tool for future studies on attitudes towards a bilingual education curriculum.
The Genome and Adult Somatic Transcriptome of the Mormyrid Electric Fish Paramormyrops kingsleyae

Several studies have begun to elucidate the genetic and developmental processes underlying major vertebrate traits. Few of these traits have evolved repeatedly in vertebrates, preventing the analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying these traits comparatively. Electric organs have evolved multiple times among vertebrates, presenting a unique opportunity to understand the degree of constraint and repeatability of the evolutionary processes underlying novel vertebrate traits. As there is now a completed genome sequence representing South American electric eels, we were motivated to obtain genomic sequence from a linage that independently evolved electric organs to facilitate future comparative analyses of the evolution and development of electric organs. We report here the sequencing and de novo assembly of the genome of the mormyrid Paramormyrops kingsleyae using short-read sequencing. In addition, we have completed a somatic transcriptome from 11 tissues to construct a gene expression atlas of predicted genes from this assembly, enabling us to identify candidate housekeeping genes as well as genes differentially expressed in the major somatic tissues of the mormyrid electric fish. We anticipate that this resource will greatly facilitate comparative studies on the evolution and development of electric organs and electroreceptors.
The Spatial Distribution of Sea Floor Oxygen Consumption in The Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

Measured rates of sediment oxygen consumption are extrapolated throughout the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins from 61° N to 61° S latitude. Because benthic respiration must be supported predominantly by the rain of organic matter from surface waters, the pattern of oxygen consumption in the surface sediments reveals the distribution of particle fluxes in the deep ocean. Benthic oxygen consumption in the Atlantic and Pacific basins appears to account for the remineralization of 1 to 2& of global oceanic primary production and 4 to 10% of global new production. These values are minimum estimates of the role of the sea floor in global cycles because the contributions from the Arctic, Antarctic and Indian Oceans are not included. Comparison of total respiration estimated for the deep Atlantic from AOU and 14C relationships and from benthic respiration indicates that sea floor processes account for 33 to 40% of the organic matter remineralization occurring below 1000 m. Introduction
The Hyperbolic Problem

Before we proceed to realistic ocean modelling problems, it is useful to have a knowledge of finite difference schemes for simple hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDE).
The lessons of COURAGE for the management of stable coronary artery disease.

As accountable care organizations are implemented, the basis of compensation for cardiologists can be expected to migrate from fee-for-service to effective and efficient management of episodes of care. The most successful groups of cardiologists will learn to use diagnostic and therapeutic
Frequency of Follow-up of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx Patients and Appropriate Use of Imaging and Other Surveillance Methodology

The treatment paradigm for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer is shifting. As our treatment strategies change, it calls into question whether surveillance strategies warrant change as well. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to critically review the literature with respect to the current pattern and timing of surveillance and the use of post-treatment imaging in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinoma. Recent studies suggest that routine surveillance does not improve overall survival, but it does improve locoregional control. Imaging does play an important role in post-operative surveillance. Survival following treatment for head and neck cancer is improving. While routine surveillance may not improve overall survival, it still has benefit for patients, particularly in detecting and managing anxiety and post-operative complications.
Higher Levels of Grit Are Associated With a Stronger Fading Affect Bias.

The affect associated with negative events fades faster than the affect associated with positive events (the fading affect bias). The fading affect bias is present in most participants and is thoug...
The Use of Near-Real-Time Data and High-Resolution Satellite Images for Area Identification of Illegal Forest Clearing

In the last two decades, Indonesia deforestation rate has been at threatening level. The loss of biodiversity and forest service, as well as Green House Gas emission resulted, has been notable at national and global level. At initial stage, forest clearing is usually started from forest encroachment and logging road construction, leading to more massive clearance. Identifying initial stage of forest encroachment and driver of deforestation can help to prevent forest loss at greater level. Our study integrated near-real-time data of GLAD Alerts that is publicly available at Global Forest Watch platform, forest spatial data, and high-resolution images, to identify areas with uppermost illegal logging activities every three months period in 2018. False positive elimination was done through analysis of high-resolution satellite images that timely correspond with GLAD Alerts data collected. The result shows that Sumatra and Kalimantan Island were the main areas where illegal forest clearing took place in 2018. Agriculture land clearing and plantation expansion were two common drivers of deforestation causing these illegal forest clearings. The size of forest clearing ranged from 12 to 389 hectares.
Hypersonic Heat Flux Reconstruction with Distributed Temperature Sensors

This paper presents a new method for the multidimensional reconstruction of the heat flux via distributed surface temperature measurements and its validation using hypersonic wind tunnel tests. The...
Almost a Principal: Coaching and Training Assistant Principals for the Next Level of Leadership:

Through this study, we examined a university–district sponsored leadership academy to explore the perceptions of assistant principals, who participated in a yearlong professional development and co...
Nanoshell quantum dots: Quantum confinement beyond the exciton Bohr radius

Nanoshell quantum dots (QDs) represent a novel class of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), which supports tunable optoelectronic properties over the extended range of particle sizes. Traditionally, the ability to control the bandgap of colloidal semiconductor NCs is limited to small-size nanostructures, where photoinduced charges are confined by Coulomb interactions. A notorious drawback of such a restricted size range concerns the fact that assemblies of smaller nanoparticles tend to exhibit a greater density of interfacial and surface defects. This presents a potential problem for device applications of semiconductor NCs where the charge transport across nanoparticle films is important, as in the case of solar cells, field-effect transistors, and photoelectrochemical devices. The morphology of nanoshell QDs addresses this issue by enabling the quantum-confinement in the shell layer, where two-dimensional excitons can exist, regardless of the total particle size. Such a geometry exhibits one of the lowest surface-to-volume ratios among existing QD architectures and, therefore, could potentially lead to improved charge-transport and multi-exciton characteristics. The expected benefits of the nanoshell architecture were recently demonstrated by a number of reports on the CdSbulk/CdSe nanoshell model system, showing an improved photoconductivity of solids and increased lifetime of multi-exciton populations. Along these lines, this perspective will summarize the recent work on CdSbulk/CdSe nanoshell colloids and discuss the possibility of employing other nanoshell semiconductor combinations in light-harvesting and lasing applications.
Photodynamic therapy in endodontics: literature review.

Endodontic therapy seeks to prevent and when necessary to eliminate endodontic infections. The persistence of microorganisms to the mechanical chemical preparation or the intracanal medication is considered the main cause of the failures of the endodontic treatment. In these cases Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly found microorganism. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) emerges as a promising adjuvant therapy to conventional endodontic treatment to eliminate these persistent microorganisms. This therapy consists in the association of a specific light source with a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen, producing cytotoxic species to the microorganisms. Thus, the present article aims at a review of the literature on the use of photodynamic therapy in endodontics, a test that is shown to assist in the preparation of the root canal.
Other Applications, Including the Critical Care Setting

While the majority of this textbook addresses the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the evaluation of pediatric patients and all patients (pediatric and adult) with congenital heart disease (CHD) primarily in the intraoperative and interventional settings, there are other areas in which TEE can play a significant role in these patients. This chapter focuses on other applications of TEE. We will discuss the most common indications for TEE in this setting, including evaluation for infective endocarditis, cardiac thrombi after CHD surgery, and prosthetic valves.
Charge Transfer in Conjugated Polymer Mxene Interface

Optimization of charge generation and charge transport is crucial for the fabrication of highly efficient polymer solar cells. In the present work, using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, we showed the efficient charge generation and transport at polymer blend MXene interface compared to PEDOT:PSS interface. We observed long charge carrier lifetime, strong photoluminescence of donors and acceptors and higher current on PBDB:ITIC thin film prepared on ITO substrate with MXene. Our study provides the guidelines for the fabrication of inexpensive, flexible, and highly flexible polymer solar cells by interface tuning.
Physics-informed neural networks for improving cerebral hemodynamics predictions

Determining brain hemodynamics plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of various cerebrovascular diseases. In this work, we put forth a physics-informed deep learning framework that augments sparse clinical measurements with fast computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to generate physically consistent and high spatiotemporal resolution of brain hemodynamic parameters. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound is one of the most common techniques in the current clinical workflow that enables noninvasive and instantaneous evaluation of blood flow velocity within the cerebral arteries. However, it is spatially limited to only a handful of locations across the cerebrovasculature due to the constrained accessibility through the skull's acoustic windows. Our deep learning framework employs in-vivo real-time TCD velocity measurements at several locations in the brain and the baseline vessel cross-sectional areas acquired from 3D angiography images, and provides high-resolution maps of velocity, area, and pressure in the entire vasculature. We validated the predictions of our model against in-vivo velocity measurements obtained via 4D flow MRI scans. We then showcased the clinical significance of this technique in diagnosing the cerebral vasospasm (CVS) by successfully predicting the changes in vasospastic local vessel diameters based on corresponding sparse velocities measurements. The key finding here is that the combined effects of uncertainties in outlet boundary condition subscription and modeling physics deficiencies render the conventional purely physics-based computational models unsuccessful in recovering accurate brain hemodynamics. Nonetheless, fusing these models with clinical measurements through a data-driven approach ameliorates predictions of brain hemodynamic variables.