cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Oceanographic Constraints on the Distribution of Melting and Freezing under Ice Shelves

Previous studies suggest that ice shelves experience asymmetric melting and freezing. Topography may constrain oceanic circulation (and thus basal melt–freeze patterns) through its influence on the potential vorticity (PV) field. However, melting and freezing induce a local circulation that may modify locations of heat transport to the ice shelf. This paper investigates the influence of buoyancy fluxes on locations of melting and freezing under different bathymetric conditions. An idealized set of numerical simulations (the “decoupled” simulations) employs spatially and temporally fixed diapycnal fluxes. These experiments, in combination with scaling considerations, indicate that while flow in the interior is governed by large-scale topographic gradients, recirculation plumes dominate near buoyancy fluxes. Thermodynamically decoupled models are then compared to those in which ice–ocean heat and freshwater fluxes are driven by the interior flow (the “coupled” simulations). Near the southern boundary, strong cyclonic flow forced by melt-induced upwelling drives inflow and melting to the east. Recirculation is less evident in the upper water column, as shoaling of meltwater-freshened layers dissipates the dynamic influence of buoyancy forcing, yet freezing remains intensified in the west. In coupled simulations, the flow throughout the cavity is relatively insensitive to bathymetry; stratification, the slope of the ice shelf, and strong, meridionally distributed buoyancy fluxes weaken its influence.
Key pre-distribution in wireless sensor networks using multivariate polynomials

Key agreement in sensor networks is a dif- ficult problem because of resource constraints of the sensors. The classical approaches used in general networks are impractical in sensor networks. Hence, several key pre-distribution schemes are proposed. In this paper, we propose a hypercube multivariate scheme (HMS) that is a threshold-based scheme. In the HMS, a hypercube in the multidimensional space is designed and a number of multivariate polynomials are assigned to every point on the hypercube. The points on the hypercube are uniquely assigned to the sensors. Using this technique, a direct key is established between any two sensors at Hamming distance of one from each other. Other sensors are also able to establish indirect keys. Our analysis shows an improvement in the security of HMS compared to other similar schemes. We also propose a location-aware scheme that takes advantage of the distribution information to boost the security. In the proposed scheme, the target field is divided into hexagonal cells because of their efficient coverage compared to square cells. The sensors are randomly distributed in every cell. An HMS scheme is employed to pre-distribute keys in every cell. For the communication between adjacent cells, we propose a grid- based scheme in which the sensors of every cell are divided into groups. Shares of bivariate polynomials are stored in the sensors of every group. As a result, every two sensor in two adjacent cells are able to establish a direct key. Our security analysis shows improvements over similar schemes.
A Panel Data Analysis of the Relationships of Nursing Home Staffing Levels and Standards to Regulatory Deficiencies

Objective. To examine the relationships between nursing staffi ng levels and nursing home defi ciencies. Methods. This panel data analysis employed random-effect models that adjusted for unobserved, nursing home ‐ specifi c heterogeneity over time. Data were obtained from California’s long-term care annual cost report data and the Automated Certifi cation and Licensing Administrative Information and Management Systems data from 1999 to 2003, linked with other secondary data sources. Results. Both total nursing staffi ng and registered nurse (RN) staffi ng levels were negatively related to total defi ciencies, quality of care defi ciencies, and serious defi ciencies that may cause harm or jeopardy to nursing home residents. Nursing homes that met the state staffi ng standard received fewer total defi ciencies and quality of care defi ciencies than nursing homes that failed to meet the standard. Meeting the state staffi ng standard was not related to receiving serious defi ciencies. Conclusions. Total nursing staffi ng and RN staffi ng levels were predictors of nursing home quality. Further research is needed on the effectiveness of state minimum staffi ng standards.
Application of 2‐D travel‐time inversion of seismic refraction data to the Mid‐continent rift beneath Lake Superior

The inversion technique of Nowack and Lutter (1988a) and Lutter et al. (1990) has been applied to first arrival seismic refraction data collected along Line A of the 1986 Lake Superior GLIMPCE experiment, permitting comparison of the inversion image with an independently derived forward model (Trehu et al., 1991; Shay and Trehu, in press). For this study, the inversion method was expanded to allow variable grid spacing for the bicubic spline parameterization of velocity. The variable grid spacing improved model delineation and data fit by permitting model parameters to be clustered at features of interest. Over 800 first-arrival travel-times were fit with a final RMS error of 0.045 s. The inversion model images a low velocity central graben and smaller flanking half- grabens of the Midcontinent Rift, and higher velocity regions (+0.5 to +0.75 km/s) associated with the Isle Royale and Keweenaw faults, which bound the central graben. Although the forward modeling interpretation gives finer details associated with the near surface expression of the two faults because of the inclusion of secondary reflections and refractions that were not included in the inversion, the inversion model reproduces the primary features of the forward model.
Decentralized estimation for the automatic generation control problem in power systems

An algorithm for decentralized estimation and its application to the automatic generation control (AGC) problem known as the load frequency control (LFC) problem in power systems are presented. The variables to be estimated are the frequency and tie-line power deviations for multiarea power systems. The system is modeled as a collection of independent dynamic subsystems, called control areas, connected through tie lines. The estimator design is done in two steps: first, a local model for each area is derived, and then, based on this model and a set of measurements, a local filter is obtained. The decoupling of the local filter from other areas is achieved through additional measurements on the variables affecting the interface variables. A three-area power system is given to illustrate the proposed design. >
Effects of Temperature and Slope on the Sprint Speed and Stamina of the Eastern Fence Lizard, Sceloporus undulatus

Abstract Although effects of temperature on sprint performances of lizards are well documented, influences of slope are much less well known, and few studies have examined comparable effects on stamina. We monitored locomotor performance of Eastern Fence Lizards, Sceloporus undulatus, at temperatures from 15–40°C and slopes from 0–45° using two types of nonmotorized tracks. Body size did not significantly affect performance, but both sprint performance and stamina were significantly affected by temperature and slope. The optimal temperature for performance is approximately 30°C. As slope increased, both sprint speed and stamina progressively decreased. Mean incline speeds were significantly greater than mean decline speeds at all slopes other than 0°. There was a direct relationship between sprinting ability and stamina; lizards that ran faster tended to run for longer periods of time and distances. Neither sprint speed nor stamina data support the hypothesis that running velocity of lizards is limited by...
The Role of Redistribution to the Poor in Federal Tax Exemption for Charities

Over the past several years, many commentators have suggested that federal tax exemption for charities should be limited to organizations that help the poor – that is, organizations with a redistributive mission. This paper reviews and comments on three areas of existing federal exemption law where the redistribution view either already controls tax benefits or is being pushed by policy makers as a change to existing law: the push for a charity care standard for exempting nonprofit hospitals, the current university endowment debate, and a hodge-podge of rulings relating to what I will call “middle class charity” in which the IRS has denied exemption to nonprofit organizations providing services to the middle class (as opposed to the poor). Part I provides a brief introduction to the history of the redistribution concept in federal exemption under 501(c)(3) prior to the current regulations introduced in 1959. Part II then provides a summary of current law and proposals in the three areas described above (nonprofit hospitals, programs aimed at the middle class, and university endowments). Part III then turns to some analysis and observations. The main observations are (1) that the redistributive push in the areas identified by this paper is almost certainly bad policy and inconsistent with the IRS’s supposed adoption of the broad common-law view of charity in the 1959 regulations; (2) that the redistributive paradigm seems to pop up most in areas where the organizations in question carry on activities that look very similar to commercial enterprises – in other words, what we may be seeing is the use of the redistribution paradigm to help distinguish charitable services from ordinary for-profit business; (3) limiting the definition of charitable for tax exemption purposes to relief of the poor is inconsistent with the historical definition of charity; and (4) the effort to limit the scope of tax exemption/deductibility to redistribution to the poor is inconsistent with virtually all the theories proposed to explain tax exemption and essentially adopts one particular view of distributive justice that may not be appropriate in formulating tax benefits for charities. Until tax policy chooses an underlying rationale for charitable tax exemption, however, the inconsistencies in applying exemption are likely to continue.
Experimentally Replicated Disruptive Selection on Performance Traits in a Caribbean Lizard

A central theme underlying studies of adaptive radiation is that ecologically mediated selection drives diversification. However, demonstrating the ecological basis of natural selection and linking this process to patterns of morphological diversity represents a formidable challenge. This is because selection experiments that test correlations between an organism's phenotype and its ecology are difficult to perform in the wild. Previous studies of Anolis lizards have shown that divergent morphologies are correlated with habitat use and have evolved repeatedly on islands throughout the Greater Antilles. Here, we show that the forms of selection acting within a species support an ecological mechanism for diversification. In natural populations, performance-related traits such as limb length are subject to correlational and disruptive selection driven by differences in habitat use. Experimental manipulations in the wild verify the same pattern of selection and indicate that both the targets and forms of selection are consistent through time. Elsewhere, we have demonstrated that these traits are heritable and should therefore evolve in response to selection. Our results provide evidence for the short-term repeatability of selection and its potency in the diversification of anoles.
Adaptive interfaces for application defragmentation in diverse operating contexts

To write a code once and run the application anywhere has been the holy grail of application developers. With the diversities in the operating contexts introduced by various hardware, software, users and carriers, user interfaces must cater to all the present and future operating contexts. The expense of developing a software product to tailor to new market fragmentations is soaring. We propose a model that will aid user-interface designers working in the field of mobile computing to build applications across operating contexts, without the hassle of redesigning it to accommodate the unique constraints introduced by each operating context. This research will make the following contributions: 1) propose a novel user interface model for isolating the common features of an operating context for automatic rendering of the interface according to the constraints of each context, 2) prove feasibility of the model by handling one such operating context constraint namely screen size and present an efficient implementation of the proposed model for it using Microsoft Silverlight and 3) use the above implementation to measure the cost-benefit trade-off with a user study involving tasks of varying complexity.
ανβ3-targeted Copper Nanoparticles Incorporating an Sn 2 Lipase-Labile Fumagillin Prodrug for Photoacoustic Neovascular Imaging and Treatment

Photoacoustic (PA) tomography enables multiscale, multicontrast and high-resolution imaging of biological structures. In particular, contrast-enhanced PA imaging offers high-sensitivity noninvasive imaging of neovessel sprout formation and nascent tubules, which are important biomarkers of malignant tumors and progressive atherosclerotic disease. While gold nanoparticles or nanorods have been used as PA contrast agents, we utilized high-density copper oleate small molecules encapsulated within a phospholipid surfactant (CuNPs) to generate a soft nanoparticle with PA contrast comparable to that from gold. Within the NIR window, the copper nanoparticles provided a 4-fold higher signal than that of blood. ανβ3-integrin targeting of CuNPs in a MatrigelTM angiogenesis mouse model demonstrated prominent (p<0.05) PA contrast enhancement of the neovasculature compared with mice given nontargeted or competitively inhibited CuNPs. Furthermore, incorporation of a Sn 2 lipase-labile fumagillin prodrug into the CuNP outer lipid membrane produced marked antiangiogenesis in the same model when targeted to the ανβ3-integrin, providing proof of concept in vivo for the first targeted PA - drug delivery agent.
Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Control of Life‐History Strategies in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Abstract: Sexual maturation profoundly affects population dynamics, but the degrees to which genetic, top‐down, and bottom‐up controls affect age at maturity are unclear. Salmonid fishes have plastic age at maturity, and we consider genetic and environmental effects on this trait by developing fitness functions for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The functions are based on size‐specific survival and reproductive success, where reproductive success is the product of fecundity and ability to defend nests (females) or the product of sperm volume and ability to mate (males). We model genetic and bottom‐up controls (e.g., food availability) with an environmentally explicit growth function and top‐down control (predation mortality) with survival functions that consider both size‐dependent and size‐independent mortality. For females, we predict that early maturation rarely maximizes fitness, but males can maximize fitness by maturing early if they grow well in freshwater. We predict that early maturation is ...
Neoliberalism and the Russian transition

This article aims to assess the role of neoliberal ideas in shaping Russia’s transition to a market economy. Prevailing ideas of the Washington Consensus undoubtedly encouraged Russia’s leaders to embrace radical reforms, but Russia’s reformers were not blindly following an ideological agenda set for them in Washington, DC. The actual policies that were implemented diverged considerably from the prevailing neoliberal orthodoxy and were heavily shaped by the self-interest of the elites who were making the policy decisions. While prices were freed and international trade and currency flows opened up, an insider-dominated privatization process left the Russian economy in the hands of a narrow circle of oligarchs. Russia’s corrupt, oil-dependent and state-centered economy is far removed from the decentralized, competitive market system that the reformers had envisaged. Democracy, which was initially seen as integral to the transition process, also fell by the wayside. While critics argue that Russia suffered from an overdose of ‘market fundamentalism’, neoliberals themselves still insist that Russia did not go far enough in unleashing genuine market forces. Either way, Russia has now joined the global market economy, while at the same time preserving many of the institutional features that are the product of its unique geography and historical heritage.
Older adults place lower value on choice relative to young adults.

Choice is highly valued in modern society, from the supermarket to the hospital; however, it remains unknown whether older and younger adults place the same value on increased choice. The current investigation tested whether 53 older (M age = 75.44 years) versus 53 younger adults (M age = 19.58 years) placed lower value on increased choice by examining the monetary amounts they were willing to pay for increased prescription drug coverage options—important given the recently implemented Medicare prescription drug program. Results indicate that older adults placed lower value on increasing choice sets relative to younger adults, who placed progressively higher value on increasingly larger choice sets. These results are discussed regarding their implications for theory and policy.
Data representation and efficient solution: a decision diagram approach

Decision diagrams are a family of data structures that can compactly encode many functions on discrete structured domains, that is, domains that are the cross-product of finite sets. We present some important classes of decision diagrams and show how they can be effectively employed to derive "symbolic" algorithms for the analysis of large discrete-state models. In particular, we discuss both explicit and symbolic algorithms for state-space generation, CTL model-checking, and continuous-time Markov chain solution. We conclude with some suggestions for future research directions.
A Late Pleistocene sea level stack

Abstract. Late Pleistocene sea level has been reconstructed from ocean sediment core data using a wide variety of proxies and models. However, the accuracy of individual reconstructions is limited by measurement error, local variations in salinity and temperature, and assumptions particular to each technique. Here we present a sea level stack (average) which increases the signal-to-noise ratio of individual reconstructions. Specifically, we perform principal component analysis (PCA) on seven records from 0 to 430 ka and five records from 0 to 798 ka. The first principal component, which we use as the stack, describes ∼ 80 % of the variance in the data and is similar using either five or seven records. After scaling the stack based on Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea level estimates, the stack agrees to within 5 m with isostatically adjusted coral sea level estimates for Marine Isotope Stages 5e and 11 (125 and 400 ka, respectively). Bootstrapping and random sampling yield mean uncertainty estimates of 9–12 m (1σ) for the scaled stack. Sea level change accounts for about 45 % of the total orbital-band variance in benthic δ18O, compared to a 65 % contribution during the LGM-to-Holocene transition. Additionally, the second and third principal components of our analyses reflect differences between proxy records associated with spatial variations in the δ18O of seawater.
A phylogenetic overview of the Agaricomycotina.

The Agaricomycotina contains about one- third of the described species of Fungi, including mushrooms, jelly fungi and basidiomycetous yeasts. Recent phylogenetic analyses by P. Matheny and colleagues combining nuclear rRNA genes with the protein-coding genes rpb1, rpb2 and tef1 support the division of Agaricomycotina into Tremellomycetes, Dacrymycetes and Agaricomycetes. There is strong support for the monophyly of the Tremellomycetes, and its position as the sister group of the rest of the Agaricomycotina. Dacrymycetes and Agaricomycetes also are supported strongly, and together they form a clade that is equivalent to the Hymenomycetidae of Swann and Taylor. The deepest nodes in the Agaricomycetes, which are supported only by Bayes- ian measures of confidence, suggest that the Sebaci- nales, Cantharellales and Auriculariales are among the most ancient lineages. For the first time, the Polyporales are strongly supported as monophyletic and are placed as the sister group of the Thelepho- rales. The Agaricales, Boletales and Atheliales are united as the Agaricomycetidae, and the Russulales might be its sister group. There are still some problematical nodes that will require more loci to be resolved. Phylogenomics has promise for recon- structing these difficult backbone nodes, but current genome projects are limited mostly to the Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales. Genome sequences from other major lineages, especially the early diverging clades, are needed to resolve the most ancient nodes and to assess deep homology in ecological characters
The Sulfhydryl Group of Monellin: Its Chemical Reactivity and Importance to the Sweet Taste:

The presence of a single cysteine in the sweet-tasting protein monellin was confirmed by titrations with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PHMB) and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). The sulfhydryl group in native monellin reacts very slowly with each of these reagents, indicating that the sulfhydryl is relatively inaccessible. In the presence of either 6 M guanidine-HCl, 8 M urea, or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, the rate of reaction of the sulfhydryl group with titrant is dramatically increased. Under a variety of conditions, the presence of 1 mole of sulfhydryl per mole of protein (of molecular weight 10,700) was found. Reaction of the sulfhydryl by titration with PHMB or DTNB leads to loss of sweetness. The free sulfhydryl is also lost by carboxymethylation of monellin in the presence of guanidine-HCl, yielding a protein that is not sweet. Exposure to air in the presence of denaturant leads to a decrease in the sweetness of monellin. Sweetness of the PHMB-reacted monellin can be recovered upon treatment of the protein with mercaptoethanol, and the partial loss of sweetness that occurs with air exposure is lessened in the presence of mercaptoethanol. It is postulated that alteration of the single sulfhydryl group of monellin leads to a change in the tertiary structure of the protein and hence its sweet taste.
Regularized Max Pooling for Image Categorization

We propose Regularized Max Pooling (RMP) for image classification. RMP classifiesan image (oran image region) by extracting featurevectors at multiple subwindows at multiple locations and scales. Unlike Spatial Pyramid Matching where the subwindows are defined purely based on geometric correspondence, RMP accounts for the deformation of discriminative parts. The amount of deformation and the discriminative ability for multiple parts are jointly learned during training. RMP outperforms the state-of-the-art performance by a wide margin on the challenging PASCAL VOC2012 dataset for human action recognition on still images.
Reliable structures and energetics for two new delocalized π⋯π prototypes: cyanogen dimer and diacetylene dimer

Two new prototype delocalized π⋯π complexes are introduced: the dimers of cyanogen, (NC–CN)2, and diacetylene, (HCC–CCH)2. These dimers have properties similar to larger delocalized π⋯π systems such as benzene dimer but are small enough that they can be probed in far greater detail with high accuracy electronic structure methods. Parallel-slipped and T-shaped structures of both cyanogen dimer and diacetylene dimer have been optimized with 15 different procedures. The effects of basis set size, theoretical method, counterpoise correction, and the rigid monomer approximation on the structure and energetics of each dimer have been examined. MP2 and CCSD(T) optimized geometries for all four dimer structures are reported, as well as estimates of the CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) interaction energy for every optimized geometry. The data reported here suggest that future optimizations of delocalized π⋯π clusters should be carried out with basis sets of triple-ζ quality. Larger basis sets and the expensive counterpoise correction to the molecular geometry are not necessary. The rigid monomer approximation has very little effect on structure and energetics of these dimers and may be used without consequence. Due to a consistent cancellation of errors, optimization with the MP2 method leads to CCSD(T)/CBS interaction energies that are within 0.2 kcal mol−1 of those for structures optimized with the CCSD(T) method. Future studies that aim to resolve structures separated by a few tenths of a kcal mol−1 should consider the effects of optimization with the CCSD(T) method.
Does R Gene Resistance Allow Wheat to Prevent Plant Growth Effects Associated with Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Attack?

Resistance genes (R genes) are an important part of the plant's immune system. Among insects, the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), larva is the target of the greatest number of characterized R genes (H1-H32). The biochemical/molecular mechanism of R gene resistance to Hessian fly is not well understood. In the absence of an effective R gene, larvae caused extensive growth deficits (> 30 cm) in wheat seedlings. In the presence of one of three effective R genes, H6, H9, or H13, larvae caused small growth deficits (approximately 3-4 cm) in two leaves (third and fourth) that were actively growing during the first days of larval attack. After larvae died on R gene plants, the fifth leaf and tiller leaves exhibited small increases in growth (2-4 cm). Growth responses of susceptible and resistant plants diverged at a time when Hessian fly larvae were establishing a nutritive gall tissue at feeding sites. The results of this study support the hypothesis that R gene resistance cannot prevent initial larval attack, but, by stopping the formation of the larval gall, it prevents the most serious consequences of larval attack.
Myogenic and vasoconstrictor responsiveness of skeletal muscle arterioles is diminished by hindlimb unloading.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether hindlimb unloading of rats alters vasoconstrictor and myogenic responsiveness of skeletal muscle arterioles. After either 2 wk of hindlimb ...
10‐(1,3‐Benzo­thia­zol‐2‐yl)‐2,3,6,7‐tetra­hydro‐1H,5H‐11H‐[1]­benzo­pyrano­[6,7,8‐ij]‐quinoliz‐11‐one

The title compound, C22H18N2O2S, is also known as coumarin 545. The 2-benzo­thia­zolyl and quinolizine groups are each nearly planar and are twisted slightly at 6.4 (1)° to each other. The mol­ecules are stacked in layers oblique to (110) and (111).
Intelligence, Callous-Unemotional Traits, and Antisocial Behavior

Research has consistently shown that children with severe conduct problems often exhibit intellectual deficits, especially in their verbal abilities. We investigated whether or not this finding only applies to certain subgroups of children with severe conduct problems. In a sample of 117 clinic-referred children between the ages of 6 and 13, we assessed for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms using a structured diagnostic interview with each child's parent and teacher, callous and unemotional traits using parent and teacher ratings, and intellectual functioning using a standard individually administered intelligence test. Children with an ODD or CD diagnosis who did not show callous and unemotional traits showed a deficit on subtests measuring verbal reasoning ability relative to a clinic control group. Children with an ODD or CD diagnosis who also showed callous and unemotional traits did not show a verbal deficit and, in fact, showed a trend toward having weaker nonverbal abilities. These results highlight the importance of recognizing distinct subgroups of children with severe conduct problems when studying potential intellectual deficits in these children.
How Spinozistic Was Toland’s Pantheism?

John Toland, generally considered one of the major English deists, introduced the term ‘pantheism’ into English during the Enlightenment. Here I explore exactly what Toland meant by it, and with what right he associated it with the philosophy of Spinoza. I begin by surveying some of the main sources for Toland’s conception of pantheism, and then ask whether the views he ascribes to Spinoza accord with what I believe to be Spinoza’s position on the nature of God and his relation to the universe. I argue that on the most common understanding of “pantheism,” Spinoza is not a pantheist, but that there is an alternative reading of the term, suggested by Toland, according to which he is.
Multimodal Assessment of Body Pain in Orofacial Pain Patients.

Objective . Patients with complaints of orofacial pain (OFP) often have other body pain, yet many do not report these to their providers. Uncontrolled pain at any location may impact the successful management of an OFP complaint. The objective of this study was to determine the number of pain regions throughout the body, and the underreporting of pain, in patients who presented to a tertiary military OFP clinic. Design. A retrospective chart review was conducted on 423 consecutive new patients. Patients were given three assessment opportunities to report their pain on a whole-body pain map: 1) prior to evaluation (Pt1), 2) following an explanatory statement by their provider on the relationship between pain and prognosis (Pt2), and 3) during directed pain inquiry of specific body regions (Pro). The pain map was divided into nine anatomical regions that were assessed for the presence of pain after Pt1, Pt2, and Pro. Results. Initially, 60.5% of patients did not report all pain locations (Pt1). Following the explanatory statement (Pt2), 30.5% still did not report all pain. Following the completion of all assessment methods, the most commonly reported number of pain regions was five (17.0%), and 91.5% of patients reported multiple pain regions. Conclusions. Most patients had multiple pain complaints outside the chief complaint, yet the majority did not report these until multiple forms of assessment were utilized. These data encourage the use of a pain map, a verbal pain explanation, and directed pain questioning to more accurately capture pain location and facilitate multidisciplinary care.
Gender, Church Involvement, and African-American Political Participation

While numerous studies discuss the political implications of class divisions among African-Americans, few analyze gender differences in political participation. This study assesses the extent to wh...
Noise and dynamics of stimulated Brillouin scattering microresonator laser oscillators

We experimentally study the noise induced from thermal bistability and the intracavity dynamics of a 1550 nm stimulated Brillouin scattering laser generated from a
Measurement of Husband-Wife Influence in Consumer Purchase Decisions

Can wives accurately report who exerts influence in family decisions? What self-reported measure of purchase influence is best? A multitrait-multimethod approach is used to answer these questions a...
Effects of Olefin Content and Alkyl Chain Placement on Optoelectronic and Morphological Properties in Poly(thienylene vinylenes)

The effects of olefin content and alkyl chain placement on the properties of two poly(thienylene vinylene)- (PTV-) based polymer series were investigated. Polymers were prepared by ruthenium-catalyzed acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of four dipropenyl monomers. All polymers were thoroughly characterized with a variety of spectroscopic, thermal, and electronic techniques. Tuning the olefin content had direct impacts on optical and organic solar cell (OSC) behavior while systematic changes to alkyl substitution patterns manifested as differences in optical, thermal, and microstructural properties. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis provided support for the observed differences among all polymers. In addition, 13C NMR and IR analysis of selected polymers helped to confirm the stereochemistry of the PTV backbone.
Is sperm viability independent of ejaculate size in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)

Assessing sperm viability is a popular means of testing hypotheses related to ejaculate quality. This technique has produced interesting results; however, the sperm viability assay itself may kill sperm. This is a serious pitfall, as assay- related mortality could confound results and produce artificially low estimates of viability. To avoid spurious results, it has been recommended that investigators include sperm number in their viability analyses. Unfortunately, studies conducted to date on internal fertilizers have not included sperm counts in their analyses, so it is not possible to assess whether this factor can indeed produce artefactual results. In this paper, we use male house crickets (Acheta domesticus (L., 1758)) to show that sperm viability is dependent on sperm number and exclusion of this factor from statistical analyses affects our interpre- tation of experimental treatment results. We show that mechanically rupturing a spermatophore significantly reduces sperm viability, but this does not appear to drive the nonindependent relationship between viability and number. Instead, our study shows that nonindependence is due to processes other than differential physical damage to the sperm during collection. We also show that allowing a spermatophore to evacuate its sperm without rupturing for 10 min maximizes both sperm number and viability. Resume : L'evaluation de la viabilite des spermatozoides est une methode courante de tester les hypotheses reliees a la qua- lite de l'ejaculat. Cette technique a produit des resultats interessants; il se peut, cependant, que le test d'evaluation des sper- matozoides tue lui-meme les spermatozoides. C'est la un serieux ecueil puisque la mortalite reliee au test peut embrouiller les resultats et produire des estimations artificiellement faibles de la viabilite. Pour eviter ces faux resultats, on a recom- mande aux chercheurs d'inclure le nombre de spermatozoides dans leurs analyses de viabilite. Malheureusement, les etudes realisees a ce jour sur les fertilisants internes n'ont pas inclus de denombrements de spermatozoides dans leurs analyses; il n'est donc pas possible d'evaluer si ce facteur peut en fait produire des resultats avec des artefacts. Dans notre etude, nous utilisons des grillons mâles (Acheta domesticus (L., 1758)) pour demontrer que la viabilite des spermatozoides depend du nombre de spermatozoides et que l'exclusion de ce facteur des analyses statistiques affecte l'interpretation des traitements experimentaux. Nous montrons que la rupture mecanique du spermatophore reduit significativement la viabilite des sperma- tozoides, mais qu'elle ne semble pas expliquer la relation non independante entre la viabilite et le nombre. Au contraire, no- tre etude montre que la non independance est due a des processus autres que les differents dommages physiques aux spermatozoides durant le prelevement. Nous montrons aussi que de laisser un spermatophore evacuer ses spermatozoides sans dechirure pendant 10 min. maximise a la fois le nombre de spermatozoides et leur viabilite. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Population density-dependent mating frequency among Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Phyticidae) in the presence of synthetic sex phermone with behavioral observations

Male Sitotroga cercalella (Olivier) rapidly became habituated to the sex pheromone of the female. The level of habituation was proportional to the quantity of pheromone used and to the duration of exposure. Recovery from habituation was proportional to the length of time allowed between habituating treatments and the bioassay.
Large Longitudinal-Electric-Fields in Single-Mode Silicon Wire Waveguides

We show the presence of exceptionally strong longitudinal electric fields in a singlemode silicon waveguide. This field can be engineered through waveguide geometry and enhanced to exhibit amplitudes 98% of the dominant transverse field.
Multi-objects Recognition Algorithm in Sequence Images Based on Clustering Analysis and Ensemble Neural Networks

These ensemble neural networks have great randomicity and arbitrary when choosing samples to build up the training subsets since they don’t consider the distribution information of theses samples.The performance of ensemble will deteriorate greatly once the training subsets are not appropriately selected.So in practical application,the training subsets must include many instances,which result in great needs of computation time and storage space.In order to overcome above drawbacks,this paper put forwards a new ensemble neural networks approach based on RPCL clustering analysis and Hu invariable moment.Firstly,we extracted targets from sequence images,such as pedestrian,crowd,car from single frame image in training video.The outline information was extracted by Hu invariable moment,in order to avoid the default that Hu invariable moment can not describe small targets and non-rigid targets,area information are extracted too; secondly,8 dimension data about these samples were clustered using RPCL algorithm and obtain their distribution; thirdly,single neural network was constructed through this method proposed by this paper; finally,ensemble was constructed by relative majority voting method.We adopted ensemble neural network based on boosting and bagging method to compare this method,experiment result illustrate that the method has a high classification precision comparing with tradition method,and it is a effective target recognition approach.
The Future of the Discipline of Missiology: A Brief Overview of Current Realities and Future Possibilities

The following article is an abridgment of the author's presidential address “The Future of the Discipline of Missiology: Framing Current Realities and Future Possibilities,” delivered at the Americ...
Questions Under Discussion: Where Information Structure Meets Projective Content

We discuss problems familiar from the literature on presupposition and information structure, and illustrate how a synthesis using the Question Under Discussion (QUD) framework yields fresh insight. In this framework, discourse is analyzed in terms of the strategy of inquiry pursued by the interlocutors, and individual utterances are interpreted relative to the question being addressed. This way of thinking offers a new perspective on diverse phenomena, including the projection of presuppositions, association with focus, contrastive topic marking, and variability of projection behavior. We review the principal issues and prior lines of research in each of these areas, and show how the issues may be recast in QUD terms.
Many-Body Methods in Chemistry and Physics: MBPT and Coupled-Cluster Theory

Written by two leading experts in the field, this book explores the 'many-body' methods that have become the dominant approach in determining molecular structure, properties and interactions. With a tight focus on the highly popular Many-Body Perturbation Theory (MBPT) and Coupled-Cluster theories (CC), the authors present a simple, clear, unified approach to describe the mathematical tools and diagrammatic techniques employed. Using this book the reader will be able to understand, derive and confidently implement relevant algebraic equations for current and even new multi-reference CC methods. Hundreds of diagrams throughout the book enhance reader understanding through visualization of computational procedures and extensive referencing allows further exploration of this evolving area. With an extensive bibliography and detailed index, this book will be suitable for graduates and researchers within quantum chemistry, chemical physics and atomic, molecular and solid-state physics.
Evaluation of ciclopirox efficacy in rhabdomyosarcoma.

10059 Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the pediatric age group. Despite current multimodal treatment, a significant portion of patients still have poor o...
Attenuated positive psychotic symptoms and the experience of anhedonia.

Background Deficits in anticipatory pleasure have been consistently shown among chronic, first-episode, and clinical high risk for psychosis populations, but much less attention has been given to non-clinical individuals experiencing attenuated positive psychotic symptoms (APPS). Methods Young adults (N = 1839) were administered the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale, which measures anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, and the Prodromal Questionnaire, which measures APPS. Analyses examined (1) total APPS endorsed and (2) comparisons of groups experiencing APPS that were endorsed as distressing (distressing APPS = D-APPS; experiencing more D-APPS = high-D-APPS, a potentially more clinically meaningful group; experiencing fewer D-APPS = low-D-APPS). Results Results indicated that anticipatory, but not consummatory, pleasure deficits were associated with elevated APPS. Additionally, the high-D-APPS group exhibited significantly less anticipatory pleasure compared with the low-D-APPS group, but did not differ in consummatory pleasure. Conclusion Our results mirror findings in schizophrenia samples and suggest that anticipatory pleasure deficits occur along the entire continuum of psychotic experiences.
Understanding dynamic friction through spontaneously evolving laboratory earthquakes

Friction plays a key role in how ruptures unzip faults in the Earth's crust and release waves that cause destructive shaking. Yet dynamic friction evolution is one of the biggest uncertainties in earthquake science. Here we report on novel measurements of evolving local friction during spontaneously developing mini-earthquakes in the laboratory, enabled by our ultrahigh speed full-field imaging technique. The technique captures the evolution of displacements, velocities and stresses of dynamic ruptures, whose rupture speed range from sub-Rayleigh to supershear. The observed friction has complex evolution, featuring initial velocity strengthening followed by substantial velocity weakening. Our measurements are consistent with rate-and-state friction formulations supplemented with flash heating but not with widely used slip-weakening friction laws. This study develops a new approach for measuring local evolution of dynamic friction and has important implications for understanding earthquake hazard since laws governing frictional resistance of faults are vital ingredients in physically-based predictive models of the earthquake source.
Semirigid Ureteroscopy Step-by-Step: The Tulane Approach

Ureteroscopy has become an integral part of urologic care and practice. Currently, ureteroscopy is a procedure, which is performed worldwide for the management of indications ranging from ureteral stones by fragmentation and extraction, ureteral lesion evaluation, and biopsy and for the treatment of ureteral strictures. Thus, the ureteroscope is both a diagnostic and therapeutic armamentarium for the practicing urologist.
Blood and Hair Aluminum Levels, Vaccine History, and Early Infant Development: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract Objective To evaluate relationships between whole blood (B-Al) and hair aluminum (H-Al) levels in healthy infants and their immunization history and development. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 9- to 13-month-old children recruited from an urban primary care center, excluding those with a history of renal disease or receipt of either aluminum-containing pharmaceuticals or parenteral nutrition. Aluminum levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Correlation with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID) and vaccine-related aluminum load was assessed via linear regression models. Results The median age of 85 participants was 287 days. B-Al (median, 15.4 ng/mL; range, 0.9–952 ng/mL) and H-Al (median 42,542 ng/g; range, 2758–211,690 ng/g) were weakly correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.26; P = .03). There was no significant correlation between B-Al or H-Al and estimated aluminum load from vaccines. B-Al was not correlated with BSID composite or subscale scores. Although H-Al was not correlated with BSID scores in models including all data (n = 85), it was inversely correlated with motor composite ( P P = .04; Wald = 4.38) in models that excluded an extreme outlying H-Al value. Conclusions Infant B-Al and H-Al varied considerably but did not correlate with their immunization history. Likewise, there was no correlation between B-Al and infant development or between H-Al and language or cognitive development. An inverse correlation between H-Al and BSID motor scores deserves further investigation.
SynchroWatch: One-Handed Synchronous Smartwatch Gestures Using Correlation and Magnetic Sensing

SynchroWatch is a one-handed interaction technique for smartwatches that uses rhythmic correlation between a user's thumb movement and on-screen blinking controls. Our technique uses magnetic sensing to track the synchronous extension and reposition of the thumb, augmented with a passive magnetic ring. The system measures the relative changes in the magnetic field induced by the required thumb movement and uses a time-shifted correlation approach with a reference waveform for detection of synchrony. We evaluated the technique during three distraction tasks with varying degrees of hand and finger movement: active walking, browsing on a computer, and relaxing while watching online videos. Our initial offline results suggest that intentional synchronous gestures can be distinguished from other movement. A second evaluation using a live implementation of the system running on a smartwatch suggests that this technique is viable for gestures used to respond to notifications or issue commands. Finally, we present three demonstration applications that highlight the technique running in real-time on the smartwatch.
A theory of growing crystalline nanorods – Mode I

Abstract Nanorods grow in two possible modes during physical vapor deposition (PVD). In mode I, monolayer surface steps dictate the diameter of nanorods. In mode II, multiple-layer surface steps dictate the diameter, which is the smallest possible under physical vapor deposition [5,10]. This paper reports closed-form theories of terrace lengths and nanorod diameter during the growth in mode I, as a function of deposition conditions. The accompanying lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations verify these theories. This study reveals that (1) quasi-steady growth exists for each set of nanorod growth conditions, and (2) the characteristic length scales, including terrace lengths and nanorod diameter at the quasi-steady state, depend on the deposition conditions – deposition rate F, substrate temperature T, and incidence angle θ – only as a function of l2D/tan θ, with l 2 D = 2 ( v 2 D F cos θ ) 1 3 as a diffusion-limited length scale and v2D as the atomic diffusion jump rate over monolayer surface steps.