cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validation of an ELISA method for screening methadone in postmortem blood

In this study, we evaluate Venture Labs' enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of methadone in postmortem specimens. Sixty-one postmortem specimens that previously screened positive for methadone along with 59 specimens which screened negative for methadone were included. All specimens were screened using the Venture Labs methadone assay in conjunction with a liquid-liquid basic extraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. All cases screening positive by either method were confirmed for methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl- 3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine by a solid-phase extraction utilizing deuterated internal standards and GC-MS-SIM. Twenty-four postmortem samples that screened negative by both methods were also extracted and analyzed using the confirmation method to demonstrate the validity of both screening methods. The intra- and interassay precision for the ELISA method was evaluated at the cut-off concentration used for the analysis (50 ng/mL). True positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives were calculated for the ELISA results as compared to the GC-MS screening data. The Venture Labs methadone assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 96.7%+/-2.3% and a specificity of 98.3%+/-1.7% relative to the GC-MS method.
Chronology of latest Pleistocene lake-level fluctuations in the pluvial Lake Chewaucan basin, Oregon, USA

New accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon ages from gastropods in shore deposits within the pluvial Lake Chewaucan basin, combined with stratigraphical and geomorpho- logical evidence, identify an abrupt rise and fall of lake level at ca. 12 14 C ka. The lake-level high is coeval with lake-level lows in the well-dated records of palaeolakes Bonneville and Lahontan, and with a period of relatively wet conditions in the more southerly Owens Lake basin. This spatial pattern of pluvial lake levels in the western USA at 12 14 C ka indicates a variable synoptic response to climate forcing at this time. Copyright  2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is their class in this room?: Focusing on class in diverse classrooms

Carlos Hiraldo shares his story of shifting from a pedagogy based on racial identity to one focused on issues of class and how his students benefited from the change.
Consumer Response to Polysemous Brand Slogans

Polysemous brand slogans have multiple meanings that may convey several product attributes. We build on extant research by suggesting that some consumers automatically access multiple meanings of a polysemous brand slogan, whereas others access only a single, immediately available meaning. A novel measure of automatic access to secondary meaning (the Secondary Meaning Access via the Automatic Route Test, or SMAART) is developed to capture this individual difference and show its consequences for consumer responses to polysemous slogans with unfavorable secondary meanings. The automatic-access account is further validated by employing the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz), suggesting that the unconscious impact of polysemous brand slogans can be more influential than intuitively expected.
We're All Austrians Now: János Kornai and the Austrian School of Economics *

This paper has two purposes. First, I hope to give the reader a flavor for the basic contents of Kornai’s book, By Force of Thought. Second, I aim to draw attention to the important and close connections between several of Kornai’s major works discussed in his autobiography, as well as their genesis, and the ideas and genesis of these ideas in the Austrian tradition associated with Ludwig von Mises and F.A. Hayek.
Empowerment Effect Through Involvement in a Statewide Research Study on Kindergarten Education

(1997). Empowerment Effect Through Involvement in a Statewide Research Study on Kindergarten Education. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 35-42.
A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy study of thin graphene sheets functionalized with gold and silver nanostructures by seed-mediated growth

Abstract We describe a simple method for decorating graphene (1–5 layers) with Au and Ag nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanoplates). We deposit graphene electrostatically from highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite onto Si/SiO 2 surfaces functionalized with (aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane and grow the metal nanostructures by a seed-mediated growth method from hexanethiolate-coated Au monolayer-protected cluster “seeds” that are attached to graphene by hydrophobic interactions. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the selective growth of Au or Ag nanostructures on the graphene surface. In the case of Au, the low pH 2.8 growth solution causes etching of the graphene and formation of scroll-like structures. For Ag, the high pH 9.3 solution does not seem to affect the graphene. Raman spectroscopy is consistent with the graphene morphology and reveals that the presence of Au and Ag nanostructures increases the Raman scattering from the graphene by a factor of about 45 and 150, respectively. This work demonstrates a simple method for decorating graphene with noble metal nanostructures that may have interesting optical, electronic, and chemical properties for applications in nanoelectronics, sensing, and catalysis.
Investigation of Molten Salt Nanomaterials for Solar Thermal Energy Storage Application

Using molten salts as thermal energy storage (TES) in concentrated solar power (CSP) system has several benefits. Molten salts are thermally stable up to very high temperatures (over 500 ° C). This can extend the operational capability of CSP system and eventually improve the overall system efficiency. Molten salts typically have lower vapor pressure (less mechanical stress) and cheaper than conventional TES materials (mineral oil, fatty acid, etc.). However, the usage of molten salts as TES is limited due to their low thermo-physical properties (e.g., Cp is less than 2 J/g°C, k is less than 1W/mK). Nanomaterials are nanoparticle dispersions in a solid matrix or a solvent. They have been reported for their large enhancement in thermo-physical properties. It is expected that well dispersed nanoparticles can significantly enhance thermo-physical properties of molten salt materials. In this study, a molten salt nanomaterial will be synthesized by dispersing inorganic nanoparticles into a molten salt. Heat capacity measurement will be performed using a modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC). Material characterization analyses will be performed using electron microscopes (SEM / TEM). The utility of the molten salt nanomateial as TES in CSP will be explored.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Vibrational Dynamics of Transfer RNAs: Comparison of the Free and Synthetase-bound Forms

The vibrational dynamics of transfer RNAs, both free, and complexed with the cognate synthetase, are analyzed using a model (Gaussian network model) which recently proved to satisfactorily describe the collective motions of folded proteins. The approach is similar to a normal mode analysis, with the major simplification that no residue specificity is taken into consideration, which permits us (i) to cast the problem into an analytical form applicable to biomolecular systems including about 10(3 )residues, and (ii) to acquire information on the essential dynamics of such large systems within computational times at least two orders of magnitude shorter than conventional simulations. On a local scale, the fluctuations calculated for yeast tRNAPhe and tRNAAsp in the free state, and for tRNAGln complexed with glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) are in good agreement with the corresponding crystallographic B factors. On a global scale, a hinge-bending region comprising nucleotides U8 to C12 in the D arm, G20 to G22 in the D loop, and m7G46 to C48 in the variable loop (for tRNAPhe), is identified in the free tRNA, conforming with previous observations. The two regions subject to the largest amplitude anticorrelated fluctuations in the free form, i.e. the anticodon region and the acceptor arm are, at the same time, the regions that experience the most severe suppression in their flexibilities upon binding to synthetase, suggesting that their sampling of the conformational space facilitates their recognition by the synthetase. Likewise, examination of the global mode of motion of GlnRS in the complex indicates that residues 40 to 45, 260 to 270, 306 to 314, 320 to 327 and 478 to 485, all of which cluster near the ATP binding site, form a hinge-bending region controlling the cooperative motion, and thereby the catalytic function, of the enzyme. The distal beta-barrel and the tRNA acceptor binding domain, on the other hand, are distinguished by their high mobilities in the global modes of motion, a feature typical of recognition sites, also observed for other proteins. Most of the conserved bases and residues of tRNA and GlnRS are severely constrained in the global motions of the molecules, suggesting their having a role in stabilizing and modulating the global motion.
aMOSS: Automated Multi-objective Server Provisioning with Stress-Strain Curving

A modern data center built upon virtualized server clusters for hosting Internet applications has multiple correlated and conflicting objectives. Utility-based approaches are often used for optimizing multiple objectives. However, it is difficult to define a local utility function to suitably represent one objective and to apply different weights on multiple local utility functions. Furthermore, choosing weights statically may not be effective in the face of highly dynamic workloads. In this paper, we propose an automated multi-objective server provisioning with stress-strain curving approach (aMOSS). First, we formulate a multi-objective optimization problem that is to minimize the number of physical machines used, the average response time and the total number of virtual servers allocated for multi-tier applications. Second, we propose a novel stress-strain curving method to automatically select the most efficient solution from a Pareto-optimal set that is obtained as the result of a nondominated sorting based optimization technique. Third, we enhance the method to reduce server switching cost and improve the utilization of physical machines. Simulation results demonstrate that compared to utility-based approaches, aMOSS automatically achieves the most efficient tradeoff between performance and resource allocation efficiency. We implement aMOSS in a test bed of virtualized blade servers and demonstrate that it outperforms a representative dynamic server provisioning approach in achieving the average response time guarantee and in resource allocation efficiency for a multi-tier Internet service. aMOSS provides a unique perspective to tackle the challenging autonomic server provisioning problem.
A high-voltage Zener diode with an array structure

A design for a high-voltage Zener diode which employs a technology similar to that used for power MOS transistors is presented. Device performance is improved by patterning the device anode to create an array of small p+regions which are connected in parallel to form a composite Zener diode. Results from fabricated devices have verified that the design concept is valid for devices in the voltage range above 400 V, and have provided information on the optimum device geometry.
Characterization of size and structure of agglomerates and inhomogeneous particles via polarized light

Characterization of size and structure of small particles is required in many fields, including environmental and process control and monitoring, biological and pharmaceutical research, atmospheric remote sensing, as well as combustion systems. In this paper, the use of polarized light and the concept of Mueller matrix elements for possible particle characterization studies is discussed. A summary of the research carried out in our laboratory for application to agglomerates and inhomogeneous spherical and cylindrical particles is presented. Sensitivity of the technique on a number of diAerent physical parameters is outlined. Finally, an inverse solution methodology is discussed to identify particle/ agglomerate characteristics. # 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Model-based Prediction of Skid-steer Robot Kinematics Using Online Estimation of Track Instantaneous Centers of Rotation

This paper presents a kinematic extended Kalman filter EKF designed to estimate the location of track instantaneous centers of rotation ICRs and aid in model-based motion prediction of skid-steer robots. Utilizing an ICR-based kinematic model has resulted in impressive odometry estimates for skid-steer movement in previous works, but estimation of ICR locations was performed offline on recorded data. The EKF presented here utilizes a kinematic model of skid-steer motion based on ICR locations. The ICR locations are learned by the filter through the inclusion of position and heading measurements. A background on ICR kinematics is presented, followed by the development of the ICR EKF. Simulation results are presented to aid in the analysis of noise and bias susceptibility. The experimental platforms and sensors are described, followed by the results of filter implementation. Extensive field testing was conducted on two skid-steer robots, one with tracks and another with wheels. ICR odometry using learned ICR locations predicts robot position with a mean error of -0.42i¾?m over 40.5i¾?m of travel during one tracked vehicle test. A test consisting of driving both vehicles approximately 1,000i¾?m shows clustering of ICR estimates for the duration of the run, suggesting that ICR locations do not vary significantly when a vehicle is operated with low dynamics.
Hillary Rodham Clinton: Polarizing First Lady – By Gil Troy

Early in Bill Clinton's first presidential term, the reviewer was on a flight to Washington, D.C., when she heard the pilot say, “And if you look out on the right side of the plane you’ll see the W...
Assessing Reliability of Protein-Protein Interactions by Semantic Data Integration

The systematic analysis of protein-protein interactions is a fundamental step for understanding of cellular organization, processes and functions. Recent high-throughput experiments have produced an enormous amount of protein-protein interaction data. However, the analysis of protein-protein interactions has a limitation in effectiveness because of the unreliability of the interaction data. In this paper, we apply semantic similarity measures to quantifying the reliability of protein-protein interactions. We also propose a novel metric, which is called semantic interactivity, to measure the interaction reliability by the integration of gene ontology annotations. We evaluate the measurements by comparing the interaction reliability between proteins to their functional co-occurrence. The results show that the interaction reliability measured by semantic interactivity has a positive correlation with the functional association between the interacting proteins. Finally, we demonstrate that the semantic interactivity measure can accurately detect potential false positive interactions.
Estimation of attributable risk for case-control studies with multiple matching

Kuritz and Landis considered case-control studies with multiple matching and proposed an asymptotic interval estimator of the attributable risk based on Wald's statistic. Using Monte Carlo simulation, Kuritz and Landis demonstrated that their interval estimator could perform well when the number of matched sets was large (>or=100). However, the number of matched sets may often be moderate or small in practice. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Kuritz and Landis' interval estimator in small or moderate number of matched sets and compare it with four other interval estimators. We note that the coverage probability of Kuritz and Landis' interval estimator tends to be less than the desired confidence level when the probability of exposure among cases is large. In these cases, the interval estimator using the logarithmic transformation and the two interval estimators derived from the quadratic equations developed here can generally improve the coverage probability of Kuritz and Landis' interval estimator, especially for the case of a small number of matched sets. Furthermore, we find that an interval estimator derived from a quadratic equation is consistently more efficient than Kuritz and Landis' interval estimator. The interval estimator using the logit transformation, although which performs poorly when the underlying odds ratio (OR) is close to 1, can be useful when both the probability of exposure among cases and the underlying OR are moderate or large.
#14-S breast-feeding and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that breast-feeding mediates the occurrence of childhood ALL as a result of a rare, abnormal response to a common infection in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study. METHODS: Incident cases of leukemia (age 0–14) were rapidly ascertained from 1995-1999. Controls were randomly selected from the statewide birth registry and were 1:1 matched to cases on date of birth, sex, maternal race, maternal “Hispanicity,” and maternal county of residence at birth. Breast-feeding data were obtained by self-administered questionnaire and in-home interviews. Using conditional logistic regression adjusting for household income and birth weight, 140 case-control pairs were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to no breast-feeding, breast-feeding showed a non-significant, higher risk of ALL: ever breast-fed (odds ratio (OR) = 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–2.33), breast-fed ⩽6 months (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.48–2.28), and breast-fed >6 months (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 0.59-2.91). Compared to formula-fed only, breast-feeding exclusively produced no discernible pattern in ALL risk: ⩽3 months (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.37–1.96), 4–6 months (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 0.68–4.75), 7–12 months (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.49–3.05), and ⩾3 months (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.24–2.79). CONCLUSION: In the current literature on breast-feeding and its role in mediating childhood ALL, two recent large studies were conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. Both studies drew differing conclusions on the effect of breast-feeding on childhood ALL. Although this study was comparatively smaller, the results do suggest further methods of elucidating the role of breast-feeding in the occurrence of childhood ALL via an infectious pathway.
Recovery from C-type inactivation is modulated by extracellular potassium

Extracellular potassium modulates recovery from C-type inactivation of Kv1.3 in human T lymphocytes. The results of whole-cell patch clamp recordings show that there is a linear increase in recovery rate with increasing [K+]o. An increase from 5 to 150 mM K+o causes a sixfold acceleration of recovery rate at a holding potential of -90 mV. Our results suggest that 1) a low-affinity K+ binding site is involved in recovery, 2) the rate of recovery increases with hyperpolarization, 3) potassium must bind to the channel before inactivation to speed its recovery, and 4) recovery rate depends on external [K+] but not on the magnitude of the driving force through open channels. We present a model in which a bound K+ ion destabilizes the inactivated state to increase the rate of recovery of C-type inactivation, thereby providing a mechanism for autoregulation of K+ channel activity. The ability of K+ to regulate its own conductance may play a role in modulating voltage-dependent immune function.
ATMOSPHERIC TELECONNECTIONS FROM THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC1

Abstract The “high index” response of the northeast Pacific westerlies to big positive anomalies of equatorial sea temperature, observed in the winter of 1957–58, has been found to repeat during the major equatorial sea temperature maxima in the winters of 1963–64 and 1965–66. The 1963 positive temperature anomaly started early enough to exert the analogous effect on the atmosphere of the south Indian Ocean during its winter season. The maxima of the sea temperature in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific occur as a result of anomalous weakening of the trade winds of the Southern Hemisphere with inherent weakening of the equatorial upwelling. These anomalies are shown to be closely tied to the “Southern Oscillation” of Sir Gilbert Walker.
An Enhancement to an Electronic Stability Control System to Include a Rollover Control Function

This paper proposes a method to enhance existing electronic stability control systems such that a certain level of rollover mitigation performance is achieved. Such an enhancement is conducted through a control algorithm using only the standard ESC sensors. The analysis presented here reveals that a rollover mitigation system such as this will face a trade-off between the vehicle’s responsiveness and the control robustness due to error in the roll dynamics model and state estimation.
Multiple sclerosis-associated fatigue

Fatigue is an extremely prevalent issue for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Fatigue can affect quality of life, depression, anxiety, motor function and sleep patterns. There are a number of available rating scales designed to detect and assess fatigue. However, the pathophysiology of fatigue is still not completely understood and the treatment of this symptom remains difficult. A number of clinical trials for fatigue in MS have shown some benefit with different interventions, including medication, physical activity and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Nonetheless, further research and the development of more targeted therapies are needed to improve the management of fatigue.
Emissions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAHs from a Modern Diesel Engine Equipped with Catalyzed Emission Control Systems

Exhaust emissions of 17 2,3,7,8-substituted chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan (CDD/F) congeners, tetra–octa CDD/F homologues, 12 2005 WHO chlorinated biphenyls (CB) congeners, mono–nona CB homologues, and 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from a model year 2008 Cummins ISB engine were investigated. Testing included configurations composed of different combinations of aftertreatment including a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF), copper zeolite urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR), iron zeolite SCR, and ammonia slip catalyst. Results were compared to a baseline engine out configuration. Testing included the use of fuel that contained the maximum expected chlorine (Cl) concentration of U.S. highway diesel fuel and a Cl level 1.5 orders of magnitude above. Results indicate there is no risk for an increase in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furan and polychlorinated biphenyl emissions from modern diesel engines with catalyzed aftertreatment when compared...
Designing from Dumpsters: Cambodians Start at Grassroots with Fashion

AbstractThis article, based on field research carried out in Cambodia in 2008, outlines current government-backed and private channels of fashion production in the country. It also describes how fashion has been created and consumed in Cambodia in the first decade of the twenty-first century. In addition, it introduces a case study of an environmentally sound fashion design project with an impressive social agenda, the Home-based Production Project (HBPP), which was developed by Mith Samlanh (“friends” in Khmer), a local non-governmental organization to benefit marginalized segments of the Cambodian society, mostly homeless families who live and subsist in the streets of the capital, Phnom Penh. I describe the concept and operational practices of the HBPP and the social, political, economic, and cultural contexts in which it was set up. I demonstrate that despite the lack of formal education, the participant-designers’ artistic and aesthetic abilities as well as manual skills are remarkable, especially wh...
E-063 Cardiothoracic surgery does not pose significant risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective Neurologic imaging prior to cardiac surgery often identifies incidental intracranial vascular pathology. The risk of hemorrhage from these lesions during an open cardiothoracic surgical procedure is unknown, preventing appropriate patient and surgeon counseling. We sought to identify the risk of aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in this population. Background Patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery often sustain significant hemodynamic fluctuations during and after their procedure. Since the incidence of cerebral aneurysms is estimated as 1–8% based on non-invasive imaging and autopsy studies, the number of patients harboring aneurysms is significant. It is unknown whether the cardiothoracic procedure impacts on the risk of aneurysm rupture. Methods A prospective database of all cardiothoracic procedures is maintained for a large tertiary care center. Demographic, clinical, procedural and complication data are routinely collected. Data from this were reviewed for all procedures between 2001 and 2009 and neurologic complications identified. All identified strokes were reviewed for ischemia or hemorrhage, and the imaging reviewed for all hemorrhages to describe the pattern with focus on SAH and potential for aneurysms as contributory. Results In this time period, over 10 000 procedures were performed. Neurologic events occurred in 617, of which 71 were hemorrhages. Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic stroke accounted for 49 (HI-1, 27; HI-2, 10; PH-1, 8; PH-2, 4). Two subdural hematomas were identified and nine intraparenchymal hemorrhages were seen. SAH occurred in 11, consisting of three as a direct result of a complication from intra-arterial thrombectomy. Seven were small convexity bleeds for which three had vascular imaging performed (all negative). One SAH was the result of a fusiform supraclinoid mycotic aneurysm which developed as a result of bacterial endocarditis. This aneurysm was not present on preoperative vascular imaging and required vessel sacrifice as it continued to grow rapidly and ruptured. No cases of SAH associated with a saccular aneurysm were identified. The incidence of cerebral aneurysms of 1–9% suggests that in this population, 100–900 aneurysms should exist. With no SAH cases identified, the periprocedural risk from aneurysm rupture is less than 0.01–0.001%. Conclusions Aneurysm SAH as a direct result of open cardiothoracic surgery represents a very small risk. Consideration for management should be driven by cardiac indications with insignificant additional risk added by the incidental cerebral aneurysm found preoperatively.
HVAD Waveform as a Surrogate Marker of Cardiac Index and Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure

s S81 2,300 (n= 12), 2,100 (n= 4), or 1,800 (n= 4) RPM. Large vWF multimers and 11 vWF degradation fragments were quantified with electrophoresis and immunobloting at baseline, 6 hours, and 12 hours. Results: At 11,400, 10,000, and 8,600 RPMs, the axial-flow LVAD decreased large vWF multimers and significantly (p< 0.05) increased 20 of 22, 20 of 22, and 19 of 22 vWF degradation fragments, respectively. In comparison, with the centrifugal-flow LVAD, reduction of RPM from 2,300 to 2,100 to 1,800 RPM minimized large vWF multimer degradation. At 2,300, 2,100, and 1,800 RPMs, the centrifugal-flow LVAD significantly (p< 0.05) increased 13 of 22, 5 of 22, and 4 of 22 vWF degradation fragments, respectively. Conclusion: LVAD design features and operational settings may minimize vWF degradation. These data may inform the design and operation of nextgeneration LVADs to minimize blood trauma.
Fluorescent characterization of collecting duct cells: a second H+-secreting type

We have used three fluorescent probes to label acid-base transporting cells with specific physiological properties in the rabbit collecting duct. Rhodamine albumin identified cells active in luminal endocytosis; rhodamine peanut agglutinin (PNA) identified cells with apical surface PNA ligands; and 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF) diacetate identified cells with alkaline pH or acetazolamide-sensitive esterase activity. More than 90% of all cells identified by PNA or rhodamine albumin selectively concentrated 6-CF. Axial heterogeneity of the identified cells was clearly evident along the collecting duct. In the midcortical collecting duct the predominant labeled cell (108 +/- 15/mm) was positive for PNA and 6-CF. These cells were less prevalent (69 +/- 10/mm) in inner cortical collecting ducts and absent from the outer medullary collecting duct. Cells that labeled only with 6-CF (with no detectable luminal endocytosis or PNA binding) showed the opposite distribution. They were the predominant identified cell in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (126 +/- 20/mm), and were less common in the cortical collecting duct. Because the former segment secretes H+, it was likely that these cells were H+-secreting cells. We used excitation ratio microspectrofluorometry of 6-CF to measure cytosolic pH (pHi approximately 7.2) and found evidence for a basolateral DIDS-sensitive Cl- -HCO3- exchanger and a Na+-independent luminal H+ pump. The previously described endocytic H+-secreting cell was seen at its highest concentration in the outer stripe (39 +/- 6/mm). Finally, 5-10% of identified cells did not stain selectively with 6-CF in cortical collecting ducts (solely endocytic or PNA binding). The function of these latter types could not be established. These studies suggest that the distribution and number of these populations of cells may determine the direction and magnitude of H+ transport along the collecting duct.
SU-F-P-19: Fetal Dose Estimate for a High-Dose Fluoroscopy Guided Intervention Using Modern Data Tools

Purpose: An accurate dose estimate is necessary for effective patient management after a fetal exposure. In the case of a high-dose exposure, it is critical to use all resources available in order to make the most accurate assessment of the fetal dose. This work will demonstrate a methodology for accurate fetal dose estimation using tools that have recently become available in many clinics, and show examples of best practices for collecting data and performing the fetal dose calculation. Methods: A fetal dose estimate calculation was performed using modern data collection tools to determine parameters for the calculation. The reference point air kerma as displayed by the fluoroscopic system was checked for accuracy. A cumulative dose incidence map and DICOM header mining were used to determine the displayed reference point air kerma. Corrections for attenuation caused by the patient table and pad were measured and applied in order to determine the peak skin dose. The position and depth of the fetus was determined by ultrasound imaging and consultation with a radiologist. The data collected was used to determine a normalized uterus dose from Monte Carlo simulation data. Fetal dose values from this process were compared to other accepted calculation methods. Results: An accurate high-dose fetal dose estimate was made. Comparison to accepted legacy methods were were within 35% of estimated values. Conclusion: Modern data collection and reporting methods ease the process for estimation of fetal dose from interventional fluoroscopy exposures. Many aspects of the calculation can now be quantified rather than estimated, which should allow for a more accurate estimation of fetal dose.
Complicity in thought and language: toleration of wrong.

Complicity as “toleration of wrong” is deeply rooted in Western language and narratives. It is based on assumptions about the self, our relationship to the world and personal accountability that differ from the Common Law's and moral theology's standard doctrines. How we blame others for “tolerating wrong” depends upon the moral force of public discourse and upon the meaning of censure as exhortation. Censure as blame is usually retrospective, while censure as exhortation is forward-looking and stresses moral maturity and flourishing.
Blustein and Weinstein Respond

A letter to the editor is presented in response to Professor Stein's letter in the same issue of the journal which addresses her experiences with hearing-related health care costs in America, Medicare health insurance payments for hearing aids, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration restrictions.
The Use, Safety, and Efficacy of Olanzapine in a Level I Pediatric Trauma Center Emergency Department Over a 10-Year Period.

OBJECTIVES Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic increasingly used in emergency medicine for many indications. Literature on its use in children is sparse. Our objectives were to describe the use, safety, and efficacy of olanzapine in pediatric emergency patients. METHODS A structured chart review was performed of patients 18 years old or younger receiving olanzapine from 2007 to 2016 in the emergency department of a pediatric level I trauma center. RESULTS A total of 285 children received olanzapine. Mean age was 16.4 years (range, 9-18 years); 121 were male (42.8%). Primary indications for olanzapine included agitation (n = 166, 58.3%), headache (n = 58, 20.4%), nausea/vomiting/abdominal pain (n = 37, 12.5%), unspecified pain (n = 20, 7%), and other (n = 4, 1.4%). Route of olanzapine administration was intramuscular (n = 160, 56%; median dose, 10 mg; range, 2.5-20), intravenous (n = 101, 36%; median dose, 5 mg; range, 1.25-5), and oral (n = 24, 8%; median dose, 10 mg; range, 5-10). For agitated patients, 28 (17%) received another sedative within 1 hour. For headache patients, 5 (8.6%) received another analgesic. For gastrointestinal complaints, 5 patients (13.5%) received another analgesic/antiemetic. Adverse respiratory events were hypoxia (pulse oximetry reading, in percentage, <92%; n = 7, 2.4%), supplemental oxygen placement (n = 9, 3.2%), and intubation (n = 2, 0.7%). No patient died or had a dysrhythmia. One patient experienced dystonia. CONCLUSIONS Olanzapine seems safe when used for a variety of conditions in pediatric emergency patients. It may be effective for acute agitation, primary headache, and gastrointestinal complaints.
Iron deposition is associated with differential macrophage infiltration and therapeutic response to iron chelation in prostate cancer

Immune cells such as macrophages are drivers and biomarkers of most cancers. Scoring macrophage infiltration in tumor tissue provides a prognostic assessment that is correlated with disease outcome and therapeutic response, but generally requires invasive biopsy. Routine detection of hemosiderin iron aggregates in macrophages in other settings histologically and in vivo by MRI suggests that similar assessments in cancer can bridge a gap in our ability to assess tumor macrophage infiltration. Quantitative histological and in vivo MRI assessments of non-heme cellular iron revealed that preclinical prostate tumor models could be differentiated according to hemosiderin iron accumulation-both in tumors and systemically. Monitoring cellular iron levels during "off-label" administration of the FDA-approved iron chelator deferiprone evidenced significant reductions in tumor size without extensive perturbation to these iron deposits. Spatial profiling of the iron-laden infiltrates further demonstrated that higher numbers of infiltrating macrophage iron deposits was associated with lower anti-tumor chelation therapy response. Imaging macrophages according to their innate iron status provides a new phenotypic window into the immune tumor landscape and reveals a prognostic biomarker associated with macrophage infiltration and therapeutic outcome.
Antithrombotic drugs in acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis

Source Citation Sandercock PA, van den Belt AG, Lindley RI, Slattery J.Antithrombotic therapy in acute ischaemic stroke: an overview of the completed randomised trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr...
Characterization of the occult nature of frequently occurring pediatric motor vehicle crash injuries.

Abstract Background Occult injuries are those likely to be missed on initial assessment by first responders and, though initially asymptomatic, they may present suddenly and lead to rapid patient decompensation. No scoring systems to quantify the occultness of pediatric injuries have been established. Such a scoring system will be useful in the creation of an Advanced Automotive Crash Notification (AACN) system that assists first responders in making triage decisions following a motor vehicle crash (MVC). Study Design The most frequent MVC injuries were determined for 0–4, 5–9, 10–14 and 15–18 year olds. For each age-specific injury, experts with pediatric trauma expertise were asked to rate the likelihood that the injury may be missed by first responders. An occult score (ranging from 0–1) was calculated by averaging and normalizing the responses of the experts polled. Results Evaluation of all injuries across all age groups demonstrated greater occult scores for the younger age groups compared to older age groups (mean occult score 0–4yo: 0.61 ± 0.23, 5–9yo: 0.53 ± 0.25, 10–14yo: 0.48 ± 0.23, and 15–18yo: 0.42 ± 0.22, p Conclusions The occult scores suggested that injuries are more difficult to detect in younger age groups, likely given their inability to express symptoms. An AACN algorithm that can predict the presence of clinically undetectable injuries at the scene can improve triage of children with these injuries to higher levels of care.
Influence of Heater Orientation on Fluctuations in Steady-State Nucleate Boiling

In observations of steady-state nucleate boiling, fluctuations in the temperature and heat flux might initially appear to be completely random. However, it was shown that the fluctuations about the steady-state exhibit an average counterclockwise circulation when the heat flux is plotted versus the superheat temperature for a vertically mounted platinum wire in liquid nitrogen. An area associated with the average circulation was proposed as a numerical measure of stability for steady-state nucleate boiling. The mechanisms for the generation of these fluctuations are thought to be the feedback of the bubbles rising past the wire and the differential heating and cooling that this engenders. Data similar to the data on the vertical wire have been obtained using the same wire mounted horizontally. Although the counterclockwise circulation mentioned above is still seen, the measure of stability, as proposed earlier, is less useful for prediction of the transition to film boiling. This reduced sensitivity can be attributed to the fact that the possibility of feedback through the rising bubbles has been eliminated.
The Validity of the Drift-Diffusion Equation in Small Semiconductor Devices

The classic-diffusion equation has for years been the standard equation used to model semiconductor devices. For silicon devices with size scales of one to two microns, previous studies have found it necessary to use a field-dependent mobility. Several recent GaAs devices have again raised the question of the validity of the drift-diffusion equation for modeling small semiconductor devices. We have developed the following guidelines for the applicability of the drift-diffusion equation. When few electrons transfer into the upper valley, the drift-diffusion equation works well for modeling large-scale GaAs devices operated at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. Using the drift-diffusion equation for very small, cold devices, however, leads to physically impossible results. We discuss a different approach to the derivation of the drift-diffusion equation and suggest methods to extend or replace it. Finally, we show that the drift-diffusion equation can be used to model many small, room temperature GaAs devices, without the use of a field-dependent mobility, provided the applied voltage does not drive electrons into the upper valley.
Histories of Dominance, Colonialism, and Globalization

In Chapter 3, the author begins to lay the historical foundations of colonialism, western imperialism, and globalization. The consolidation of empire led to the creation of racial categories of difference, pseudo-scientists found “proof” to order humanity in ways that made empire inevitable and necessary. These histories of unequal power relationships have impacted the concept of gender and the representation of women in educational materials, popular media, and art. The movement of people affected and disrupted the history of western power in multiple ways. Colonial forms of identity that rely on strict hierarchies and dualisms are questioned by scholars advocating for new forms of identity based on global forces and transnational perspectives. This chapter introduces the ideas of transnational identity formation and the continued problems posed by the legacy of colonialism on global forces.
ACTIVATING SOLUTIONS TO ALCOHOLISM AMONG THE HEARING IMPAIRED

Up to the present time, any researcher who reviews the literature will find no study, article, or book on the problem of alcoholism among deaf people (Miles, 1978). Ask any person in the deaf community and she/he will tell you that alcoholism is not a problem among deaf people. Alcoholism among deaf clients is hardly ever mentioned in agency reports. This paper discusses the unique problem posed by the uncounted, unreached, and untreated deaf alcoholic. The following analysis will disclose the ample existence of deaf alcoholics, the factors that account for their obscurity, and some solutions to their hopeless predicament.
School Nursing for the 21st Century: Assessing Scope of Practice in the Current Workforce:

A gap analysis was used to examine the scope of school nursing practice in the United States. An investigator-developed 39-item self-assessment survey of scope of school nursing practice was modifi...
Subaltern voices and postcolonial schizophrenia: The political tensions of M.I.A.’s Kala

Banned from the U.S. during the “war on terror,” the British/Sri Lankan hip-hop artist M.I.A. responded by recording her 2007 album Kala in multiple locations throughout the global South, collating...
A General Separation Theorem For Various Structures

There are several important separation theorems in various areas; for example, theorems of Gordan, Stone, Mazur, Hahn–Banach, etc. In this paper, we give a general treatment, in ZFC, of separation results with several examples in old and new settings. In order to achieve some uniformity of the treatment, we define the notion of a solid operator that leads to the notion of separation. We also characterize those topological spaces for which the closure of a set is a solid operator. Further, we prove a separation theorem for solid operators which we will use to characterize those graphic matroids whose span is a solid operator. We also use the separation theorem to prove a theorem of Pales.
Design Tradeoffs for a CT-ΔΣ ADC With Hybrid Active–Passive Filter and FIR DAC in 40-nm CMOS

This letter analyzes the constraints and tradeoffs involved in the design of a third-order single-bit quantizer-based continuous-time delta–sigma modulator (CTDSM) with a hybrid active–passive loop filter. The jitter suppression capability of an FIR DAC is combined with the superior out-of-band quantization noise filtering capability of a passive filter, thereby enabling the use of an energy-efficient Gm-C integrator at the front-end. Nearly 60 percent of the dc loop gain is derived from the single-bit quantizer, thus greatly relaxing the dc gain requirement for the active integrators. We also analyze the modulator’s stability for an input signal near full scale. Fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS, the prototype CTDSM occupies a core area of 0.034 mm2 and achieves SNDR, SNR, and DR of 65.6 dB, 66.7 dB, and 67.3 dB, respectively, in a 5-MHz bandwidth at 1 GS/s.
Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series

Abstract : A family of tests for periodic components in a white Gaussian series is proposed. The test is based on a statistic which is proportional to the ratio of the maximum periodogram to the trimmed mean of the periodograms. The asymptotic distribution of the statistic is obtained. It is shown that the test proposed and Fisher's test have the same asymptotic powers at the alternative hypotheses that the series contains a single periodic component at a non-zero Fourier frequency. The tests are applied to detect the eigenfrequencies of the Earth. The proposed test detects some peaks that Fisher's test fails to detect.
‘That’s hard’: Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus and the Trauma of Reprobation

Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus is generally treated as a soteriological riddle: is Faustus damned, and if so, when, and why? This essay argues that such approaches miss the overwhelming emphasis (in both surviving versions of the play) on Faustus’s reprobation. Faustus, instead of presenting a puzzle waiting to be solved, is better appreciated as an incomparable portrait of the experience of reprobate living. Even more, via its textual and performance history, Faustus sheds light on the collective and collaborative practices of real Renaissance actors and theatregoers coming to terms with the post-Reformation religious trauma they shared with the lonely doctor.
Engrafted Donor-Derived Clonal Hematopoiesis after Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation is Associated with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Requiring Immunosuppressive Therapy, but no Adverse Impact on Overall Survival or Relapse

ABSTRACT Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age-associated condition defined by the presence of a somatic mutation in a leukemia-associated gene in individuals who otherwise have no evidence of a hematologic malignancy. In the allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) setting, clonal hematopoiesis (CH) mutations present in donor stem cells can be transferred to recipients at the time of HCT. Given that the consequences of donor-derived CH in HCT recipients are not entirely clear, we sought to investigate clinical outcomes in patients with engrafted donor-derived CH using a matched cohort analysis of both related and unrelated donors. Of 209 patients with next-generation sequencing performed before and after HCT, donor-derived CH mutations were detected in 15 (5.2%). DNMT3A was the most commonly mutated gene (9 of 15; 60%); mutations in SF3B1, CSF3R, STAT3, CBLB, TET2, and ASXL1 were also identified. Donor-derived CH was not associated with delayed neutrophil or platelet engraftment, and there was no impact on conversion to full donor chimerism. No patients with donor-derived CH experienced relapse, in contrast to 15.6% (7 of 45) in the matched control cohort without CH (P = .176). Donor-derived CH was not associated with worse overall survival; however, patients with donor-derived CH were more likely to develop chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) necessitating systemic immunosuppressive therapy (IST) (P = .045) and less likely to discontinue IST (P = .03) compared with controls without donor-derived CH. We conclude that donor-derived CH does not have an adverse impact on relapse, survival, or engraftment outcomes but may potentiate a graft-versus-leukemia effect, as reflected by increased chronic GVHD necessitating IST.
Analytical Procedures in Auditing

Analytical procedures consist of evaluations of financial information made by an auditor of plausible and expected relationships among both financial and nonfinancial data. Keywords: analytical procedures; authoritative pronouncements; analytical procedures; planning the audit; substantive test
ITP of lanthanides in microfluidic PMMA chip

An ITP separation of eight lanthanides on a serpentine PMMA microchip with a tee junction and a 230-mm-long serpentine channel is described. The cover of the PMMA chip is 175 μm thick so that a C(4) D in microchip mode can be used to detect the lanthanides as they migrate through the microchannel. Acetate and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid are used as complexing agents to increase the electrophoretic mobility difference between the lanthanides. Eight lanthanides are concentrated within ∼ 6 min by ITP in the microchip using 10 mM ammonium acetate at pH 4.5 as the leading electrolyte and 10 mM acetic acid at ∼ pH 3.0 as the terminating electrolyte. In addition, a 2D numerical simulation of the lanthanides undergoing ITP in the microchip is compared with experimental results using COMSOL Multiphysics v4.3a.