cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dependence capacity of finite borel fields

The concepts of entropy and the mutual information between two random variables as given, e.g., in ( Khinchin, 1963 ; Gel'fand and Kolmogorov, 1956 ; Gel'fand and Yaglom, 1957 ) have been extended to arbitrary probability spaces by Perez (1957) . In this paper we consider the mutual information of several random variables from the point of view of its being a function U defined on finite subsets of an index set. In addition to giving algebraic properties of U, it is shown that it is a monotone capacity of at least the second order (see Choquet (1954) for a treatment of general capacities). Since this mutual information is a measure of the interdependence of the variables concerned, U is called the dependence capacity of the indexed set of variables under consideration. We limit our considerations to finite state random variables, i.e., finite Borel fields, but the general case is treated in Baldwin, 1963 , Baldwin, 1964 .
Population Density and Atypical Behaviour in Male Odonata

A 7-YEAR study of the behaviour and population ecology of imaginal dragonflies in Dorset, England, has revealed two features common to all fifteen species studied.
INDUCTION OF ADVENTITIOUS BRANCHES FROM CULTURED CITRUS JUICE VESICLES–A POTENTIAL MEANS OF PROLIFERATION

Effet de phytohormones sur la culture et l'organogenese des vesicules a jus de Rutacees. Essais de determination des parametres necessaires a ces neoformations
Hydrolysis of glycopyranosyl phosphates of the β-d (or α-l) configuration by a plant phosphatase

Abstract An acid phosphatase hydrolyzing β- d -galactose 1-phosphate has been purified 12-fold from Phaseolus aureus seedlings. It is not affected by Mg ++ but is inhibited by fluoride, molybdate, inorganic phosphate, and some heavy-metal ions. A number of other glycopyranosyl phosphates of the β- d (or α- l ) configuration were also effective substrates, while the α- d (or β- l ) anomers were hydrolyzed at one-twentieth to one-thirtieth the rate. Non-glycosyl phosphates were hydrolyzed at a rate intermediate between that of the α and that of the β anomer, probably as a result of contamination by nonspecific phosphomonoesterase.
Synthesis, characterization, and study of the photophysics and photocatalytic properties of the photoinitiated electron collector [{(phen)2Ru(dpp)}2RhBr2](PF6)5

Abstract The heterometallic photoinitiated electron collector [{(phen) 2 Ru(dpp)} 2 RhBr 2 ](PF 6 ) 5 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) has been synthesized and studied by spectroscopic, photophysical, electrochemical, and photochemical techniques. Substitution of chloride with bromide in the previously reported [{(phen) 2 Ru(dpp)} 2 RhCl 2 ](PF 6 ) 5 complex presents a new photoinitiated electron collector which can assist in understanding the functioning of our supramolecular systems [{(TL) 2 Ru(BL)} 2 RhX 2 ](PF 6 ) 5 (TL = terminal ligand, BL = bridging ligand, X = halide) in the photoinitiated electron collection and generation of hydrogen through the reduction of water and a detailed comparison is presented. Both the bromide and chloride analogues of these supramolecular complexes contain low energy, emissive metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( 3 MLCT) excited states that populate lower lying metal-to-metal charge transfer ( 3 MMCT) excited states. The electrochemistry of these complexes showed an impact on the reduction of the central Rh III upon halide substitution with the bromide analogue [(phen) 2 Ru(dpp)} 2 RhBr 2 ](PF 6 ) 5 having a slightly lower reduction potential than the corresponding chloride counterpart. The more positive reduction of Rh III to generate the Rh I species in the bromide analogue impacts the photocatalytic properties upon photolysis in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. The trimetallic complex [{(phen) 2 Ru(dpp)} 2 RhBr 2 ](PF 6 ) 5 generates hydrogen through the reduction of water with higher yields than the chloride [{(phen) 2 Ru(dpp)} 2 RhCl 2 ](PF 6 ) 5 analogue under the same conditions. Despite the longer lived 3 MLCT state of both [(TL) 2 Ru(dpp)] 2+ and [{(TL) 2 Ru} 2 (dpp)] 4+ when TL = phen vs. bpy (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), the phen trimetallics with X = Cl − or Br − do not display longer lived 3 MLCT states and show lower H 2 yields than the analogous bpy trimetallic systems.
Perioperative Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common breathing disorder, with a high prevalence in both the general and surgical populations. OSA is frequently undiagnosed, and the initial recognition often occurs during medical evaluation undertaken to prepare for surgery. Adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes are associated with OSA in the perioperative period; therefore, it is imperative to identify and treat patients at high risk for the disease. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of OSA in the surgical population and examine the available data on perioperative outcomes. We also review the identification of high-risk patients using clinical screening tools and suggest intraoperative and postoperative treatment regimens. Additionally, the role of continuous positive airway pressure in perioperative management of OSA and a brief discussion of ambulatory surgery in patients with OSA is provided. Finally, an algorithm to guide perioperative management is suggested.
Image-Guided Surgery of the Paranasal Sinuses

■ The application of image-guidance technology to endoscopic sinus surgery improves surgeon confidence, but is associated with increased costs and operation room time.
On the mechanism of the reduction of 1‐phenyl‐3‐(4‐pyridinylmethylene)‐2‐oxindole with sodium borohydride in methanol

Sodium borohydride reduction of 1-phenyl-3-(4-pyridinylmethylene)-2-oxindole 1 in methanol gives a high yield of the oxindole 2, a precursor to linopirdine. The reduction is accelerated by methanol and the major by-products during this reduction are the diastereomeric Michael adducts between 1 and 2 and the overreduced products, 9 and 11. Surprisingly, indole 9 is not derived from further reduction of 2 but is formed concurrently, whereas the ring opened product 11 is the unexpected reduction product derived from 2.
Can cardiorespiratory fitness moderate the negative effects of stress on coronary artery disease risk factors

This investigation evaluated whether cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a moderation of the negative effects of stress for coronary artery disease risk factors. Cardiorespiratory fitness; self-reported general stress and job stress; physiological risk factors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol; and behavioral risk factors of Type A behavior pattern and smoking habits were collected on 412 male law enforcement officer volunteers. Partial correlational analyses between the stress measures and the risk factors suggested that cardiorespiratory fitness had no moderating effect on either the physiological or behavioral risk factors. However, for smokers, fitness may have slightly suppressed the stress-related amount of cigarettes smoked per day, although the change in correlation was small and may not have been meaningful. Since neither stress measure was associated with any physiological risk factors, the potential moderating effect of cardiorespiratory fitness was not optimally tested.
Evaluating parental concerns about children's friendships

Abstract The purpose of this study was to provide school psychologists and other school mental health professionals with the information necessary to evaluate and respond effectively to parental concerns about their children's friendships. Specifically, the study identified parental concerns that provided useful information about children's friendships, described the frequency with which these concerns were raised by parents of typical children, and determined which concerns accurately described the worries of parents whose children were referred for friendship problems. A 20-item parent questionnaire was constructed from a review of the literature on children with friendship difficulties. An examination of the psychometric properties of the questionnaire showed it to have adequate internal consistency reliability, and confirmed three of its four scales. Comparisons of parent responses for referred children and for typical children showed significant differences on the questionnaire's total score, scores within each of the four scales, and on 15 of the items. The implications for school psychological practice are discussed.
Neonatal bilirubin exposure and psychoeducational outcome.

The association between neonatal bilirubin exposure and psychoeducational outcome was investigated in a group of grade school children 9 to 11 years old who required neonatal intensive care between 1977 and 1980. Seventy-four children were evaluated with four measures of psychoeducational outcome, i
Genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis of hosta virus X

Triple gene block 1 (TGB1) and coat protein (CP) sequences of 30 hosta virus X (HVX) isolates from Tennessee (TN), USA, were determined and compared with available sequences in GenBank. The CPs of all known HVX isolates, including those from TN, shared 98.3-100% and 98.2-100% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity, respectively, whereas TGB1 shared 97.4-100% nucleotide and 97-100% amino acid sequence identity. TGB1 of TN isolates were all longer by one codon from that of a Korean isolate, which is the only sequence publicly available. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of TGB1 and CP of all known HVX isolates, separately or combined, revealed a close relationship, suggesting that all of them are derived from a common ancestor. Phylogenetic analysis with the type member of each genus of the family Flexiviridae confirmed that HVX is a member of a distinct species of the genus Potexvirus.
Field and laboratory evaluations of fenvalerate against several insect and mite pests of apple and pear in Oregon.

The synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate was laboratory and field tested against several insect and mite pests of pome fruit crops in Oregon. This chemical gave superior pre-, and postbloom control of pear psylla, Psylla pyricola Foerster, adults and nymphs at rates of ca. O.4kg AI/ha when compared to a number of other experimental and registered insecticides in seasonal programs. Fenvalerate was also effective against codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), on apples, had little effect on apple rust mite, Aculus schlectendali (Nalepa), was destructive to the predatory phytoseid Typholdromus pryi Scheuten, and was found to cause resurgences in densities of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch).
Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis

Vocalizations involve complex rhythmic motor patterns, but the underlying temporal coding mechanisms in the nervous system are poorly understood. Using a recently developed whole-brain preparation from which “fictive” vocalizations are readily elicited in vitro , we investigated the cellular basis of temporal complexity of African clawed frogs ( Xenopus laevis ). Male advertisement calls contain two alternating components—fast trills (∼300 ms) and slow trills (∼700 ms) that contain clicks repeated at ∼60 and ∼30 Hz, respectively. We found that males can alter the duration of fast trills without changing click rates. This finding led us to hypothesize that call rate and duration are regulated by independent mechanisms. We tested this by obtaining whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in the “fictively” calling isolated brain. We discovered a single type of premotor neuron with activity patterns correlated with both the rate and duration of fast trills. These “fast-trill neurons” (FTNs) exhibited long-lasting depolarizations (LLDs) correlated with each fast trill and action potentials that were phase-locked with motor output—neural correlates of call duration and rate, respectively. When depolarized without central pattern generator activation, FTNs produced subthreshold oscillations and action potentials at fast-trill rates, indicating FTN resonance properties are tuned to, and may dictate, the fast-trill rhythm. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) blockade eliminated LLDs in FTNs, and NMDAR activation in synaptically isolated FTNs induced repetitive LLDs. These results suggest FTNs contain an NMDAR-dependent mechanism that may regulate fast-trill duration. We conclude that a single premotor neuron population employs distinct mechanisms to regulate call rate and duration.
Successful use of high-frequency oscillator ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome with pneumomediastinum☆

We report the successful use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation without recruitment maneuvers in a patient with ARDS and severe hypoxemia who developed a pneumomediastinum during conventional mechanical ventilation. High-frequency ventilation is an attractive modality for the treatment of pneumomediastinum, especially when the airway pressures cannot be reduced by variation in the settings of the conventional mechanical ventilator.
Alien Still Life: Distilling the Toxic Logics of the Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge

“Alien still life” examines the conversion of Rocky Flats, a plutonium factory located near Denver, Colorado, from a nuclear weapons plant to a national wildlife refuge. It argues that the territorial and administrative category of ‘wildlife refuge’ aided an incentives-based cleanup and accelerated turnover of the site to the public as a limited-use recreational space, in the process ‘fixing’ waste to external wilderness. Simultaneously, the technique of ‘legacy management’, a response to the growing number of decommissioned and remediated US Department of Energy nuclear facilities, mobilizes the reduction, containment, and/or denial of Rocky Flats's history and toxicity through discursive and territorial means, such as the portrayal of nature as purity. The resultant ‘alien still life’ marks the voids in the public record, the alienation of the environment from former Rocky Flats workers, and the reconceptualization of ethics necessary to challenge the suspension of politics achieved by the nature refuge...
TWIST-TOP: transputers with I-stores test out processor

Future parallel computing systems will require high speed communication, efficient synchronization primitives, and low overhead context switches for communicating and synchronizing instruction streams. These issues are developed with respect to I-storage, a global memory that can synchronize requests for data values issued before the data is produced. Methods to implement these I-stores are described for the transputer architecture, with programs and timing results. This description, for both single and multiprocessors, includes a discussion of run-time systems requiring no extra hardware. However, simple hardware extensions are also proposed, which will provide faster implementations. This hardware is expected to be much less expensive than a custom dataflow machine, allowing a larger research community to experiment with dataflow languages and applications.
Measurement of plasma nitrite by chemiluminescence without interference of S-, N-nitroso and nitrated species

Recent studies have demonstrated that plasma nitrite (NO2-) reflects endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and it has been proposed as a prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease. In addition, NO2- itself has been shown to have biological activities thought to be triggered by reduction back to NO in blood and tissues. The development of sensitive and reproducible methods for the quantitative determination of plasma NO2- is, therefore, of great importance. Ozone-based chemiluminescence assays have been shown to be highly sensitive for the determination of nanomolar quantities of NO and NO-related species in biological fluids. We report here an improved direct chemiluminescence method for the determination of plasma NO2- without interference of other nitric oxide-related species such as nitrate, S-nitrosothiols, N-nitrosamines, nitrated proteins, and nitrated lipids. The method involves a reaction system consisting of glacial acetic acid and ascorbic acid in the purge vessel of the NO analyzer. Under these acidic conditions NO2- is stoichiometrically reduced to NO by ascorbic acid. Fasting human plasma NO2- values were found in the range of 56-210 nM (mean=110+/-36 nM). This method has high sensitivity with an accuracy of 97% and high precision (CV<10%) for determination of plasma nitrite. The present method is simple and highly specific for plasma NO2-. It is particularly suited for evaluating vasculature endothelial NO production that predicts the risks for cardiovascular disease.
Identification of a Novel Transcription Regulator from Proteus mirabilis, PMTR, Revealed a Possible Role of YJAI Protein in Balancing Zinc in Escherichia coli

Zinc is an essential trace element required for structural integrity and functional activity of numerous proteins, yet mechanisms by which cells regulate zinc concentration are poorly understood. Here, we identified a gene from Proteus mirabilis that encodes a 135-amino acid residue protein, PMTR (P. mirabilis transcription regulator), a new member of the MerR family of transcription activators. Transformation ofEscherichia coli with PMTR-carrying vectors specifically increases cell tolerance to zinc, suggesting the role of PMTR in zinc homeostasis. In response to zinc, PMTR-containing cells robustly accumulate a 12-kDa protein, the amount of which correlates with the cells' ability to grow at high zinc concentrations. The 12-kDa protein is not induced in the presence of Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, or Fe2+, indicating that the PMTR-dependent expression of the 12-kDa protein is specifically regulated by zinc. The 12-kDa protein was identified as the C-terminal fragment of E. coli protein YJAI, and was shown to contain two zinc-binding motifs. Metal-affinity chromatography and 65Zn blotting assay confirmed the ability of the 12-kDa protein to bind zinc specifically (zinc > cobalt ≫ cadmium). We propose that YJAI is an important component of the zinc-balancing mechanism in E. coli, the up-regulation of which with PMTR results in an increased tolerance to zinc.
Molecular Determinants of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein–Induced Leukocyte Adhesion and Microvascular Dysfunction

Abstract Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) have been implicated in the leukocyte recruitment and microvascular dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis. The objectives of this study were to define the adhesion molecules that mediate oxLDL-induced leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and to determine whether leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion contributes to the endothelial barrier dysfunction elicited by oxLDL. Leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion and emigration, albumin extravasation, and mast cell degranulation were monitored in rat mesentery in response to native LDL (nLDL) or copper-oxidized LDL (oxLDL). Intra-arterial infusion of oxLDL but not nLDL elicited increases in leukocyte adherence and emigration, mast cell degranulation, and albumin leakage. The oxLDL-induced leukocyte adherence/emigration was attenuated by pretreatment with monoclonal antibodies directed against CD11/CD18, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, and L-selectin but not by pretreatment with a nonbinding monoclonal antibody. The albumin leakage and mast cell degranulation responses were attenuated by all of the same monoclonal antibodies except L-selectin. In addition, a peptide previously shown to inhibit leukocyte–endothelial cell adhesion in vitro also attenuated leukocyte adherence and mast cell degranulation in this model. These findings implicate CD11/CD18, L-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and P-selectin in the leukocyte recruitment elicited by oxLDL and invoke a role for adherent leukocytes in the accompanying increase in mast cell degranulation and albumin leakage.
Synthesis of large haptenic compounds having a common functional group that permits covalent linkage to proteins, cell surfaces, and adsorbents.

Abstract Details are given for the synthesis and characterization of two series of tripeptide derivatives that were prepared by joining various, aromatic-ring-based structures to an N-terminal, N-acetyl- l -tyrosyl or β-alanyl residue through an azo or amide linkage, respectively. The remainder of the tripeptide derivative was, in all cases, glycyglycine tertiary-butyloxycarbonyl hydrazide. The latter, C-terminal feature allows these compounds to be stored in a stable form and to be converted readily to reactive acyl azides by methods commonly employed in peptide synthesis. The azides provide a suitable means for covalently linking the derivatized tripeptides to amino groups on carriers and cell surfaces under mild conditions in aqueous media (see Inman et al. , 1973). The linked groups serve very effectively as enlarged or spaced-out haptens in studies of immunological specificity. The design and advantageous features of these compounds and their corresponding haptenic groups are discussed.
Asbestos‐related disease associated with exposure to asbestiform tremolite

Tremolite is nearly ubiquitous and represents the most common amphibole fiber in the lungs of urbanites. Tremolite asbestos is not mined or used commercially but is a frequent contaminant of chrysotile asbestos, vermiculite, and talc. Therefore, individuals exposed to these materials or to end-products containing these materials may be exposed to tremolite. We have had the opportunity to do asbestos body counts and mineral fiber analysis on pulmonary tissue from five mesothelioma cases and two asbestosis cases with pulmonary tremolite burdens greater than background levels. There were no uncoated amosite or crocidolite fibers detected in any of these cases. Three patients were occupationally exposed to chrysotile asbestos; two patients had environmental exposures (one to vermiculite and one to chrysotile and talc) and one was a household contact of a shipyard worker. The tremolite burdens for the asbestosis cases were one to two orders of magnitude greater than those for the mesothelioma cases. Our study confirms the relationship between tremolite exposure and the development of asbestos-associated diseases. Furthermore, the finding of relatively modest elevations of tremolite content in some of our mesothelioma cases suggests that, at least for some susceptible individuals, moderate exposures to tremolite-contaminated dust can produce malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Perspectives on Physical Education in Traditionally Black Institutions

Abstract This article highlights traditionally and predominantly black colleges and universities, profiles their physical education programs, and offers some suggestions for change.
Performance of an adaptive detection algorithm; rejection of unwanted signals

The analysis of an adaptive detection algorithm described previously by the author (1985, 1986) is extended. Previously, the performance was evaluated for the case of a signal corresponding exactly to the steering vector used in the derivation of the algorithm. Here the performance for signals arriving from other directions is evaluated. It is shown that these signals are rejected much more strongly than would be suggested by the sidelobe levels of the adapted patterns themselves. >
Prediction of Genetic Response to Truncation Selection Across Generations

Abstract When generations overlap, a relationship exists between the age of the parents and their average genetic merit. Therefore, prediction of genetic gains should not be computed as if all parents belonged to a homogenous distribution. When an optimal selection rule of truncation selection across distributions is applied in this case, a simple method described in this paper can be used to compute adequate selection differentials. Possible applications of this method are the calculation of the asymptotic yearly genetic gain and yearly prediction of average genetic values for all age groups—or“cohorts”—following the implementation of a new selection scheme. To illustrate these two points, a typical dairy AI breeding plan was modelled. The numerical example shows that the population inventory approach is a more powerful tool than the asymptotic genetic gain for comparisons of breeding plans.
Thermogravimetric analysis of organic binder segregation during drying of particulate suspensions

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to evaluate microstructural evolution and binder segregation during drying of particulate suspensions of submicrometer alumina. The addition of 2 and 4 wt.% poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) binder decreased the evaporation rate by ∼12 and ∼20%, respectively, during the constant rate drying period. Increasing the PVA molecular weight (MW) extended the drying time also. At 4 wt.% addition, an acrylic emulsion binder did not affect the drying behavior but at 2 wt.% addition, the initial evaporation rate decreased by approximately 24%. It is shown that the TGA can be used to determine the drying stages of a particulate suspension during drying.
Mutation of Serine 90 to Glutamic Acid Mimics Phosphorylation of Bovine Prolactin

Phosphorylated prolactin has been identified and isolated from bovine pituitaries. The biological activity of this phosphoprotein is severely reduced in comparison with nonphosphorylated prolactin. The sites of phosphorylation are serines 26, 34, and 90, and the stoichiometry is 1:1:10, respectively. In this report, the phosphoserine residues have been individually replaced with glutamic acid in recombinant methionyl bovine prolactins in order to mimic phosphorylation at each site. Substitution of glutamic acid for serine at positions 26, 34, and 90 reduced protein helical contents by 10, 6, and 14%, respectively. UV absorbances for S26E and S34E bovine prolactins were blue-shifted, similar to the biological isolates of phosphorylated bovine prolactin, but the biological activities of the S26E and S34E mutants (ED50 values of 16.3 and 18.8 pM, respectively) were similar to that of wild-type prolactin (ED50 value of 18.6 pM) in the Nb2 rat lymphoma assay. S90E bovine prolactin had the greatest reduction in helical content but showed similar UV and fluorescent spectra to the wild-type bovine prolactin. The biological activity of S90E bovine prolactin (ED50 value of 672 pM) was reduced to an activity similar to that of phosphorylated bovine prolactin. The data indicate that the phosphorylation of serine 90 is responsible for the reduction in biological activity.
Defensive Allomones Function as Aggregation Pheromones in Diapausing Ladybird Beetles, Hippodamia convergens

Identification of the stimuli responsible for the formation of an aggregation can be used to distinguish between social and non-social aggregations and help in the process of identifying the adaptive benefits of the gregarious behavior. The convergent ladybird beetle, Hippodamia convergens, forms dense aggregations during winter diapause. The mechanisms of conspecific attraction and hibernacula site selection of H. convergens are not well understood. In laboratory and field bioassays, we evaluated the role of three defensive compounds in the formation of H. convergens aggregations. Diapausing H. convergens aggregated within the section of an arena exposed to alkylmethoxypyrazines. 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) caused the strongest aggregative effect. Beetles also aggregated to some doses of 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine, but appeared to be repelled at higher doses. A third constituent, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, generally had little effect on the distribution of beetles, although the highest dose tested was repellent. Beetles also aggregated to a blend of these alkylmethoxypyrazines at their natural ratio. During fall migration to overwintering sites, more beetles aggregated in artificial hibernacula baited with IBMP, confirming its function as an aggregation pheromone. These three pyrazines also function as warning odors that, in conjunction with other aposematic displays (contrasting red and black coloration, gregarious behavior, reflex bleeding), contribute to the multi-modal, anti-predatory defense of coccinellid beetles and some other arthropods. Confirmation of the role of some alkylmethoxypyrazines in coccinellid aggregations suggests that these defensive allomones have been co-opted for intraspecific communication.
Using electronic medical records to determine the diagnosis of clinical depression.

Objective To investigate the validity of using electronic medical records (EMR) database in a large health organization for identifying patients with clinical depression.
Modeling the Dielectric Properties of Ham as a Function of Temperature and Composition

The dielectric properties of 19 different ham samples with different moisture (38. 2% to 68.9%) and ash contents (1. 78% to 6.80%) were measured at -35 to 70 °C at 2450MHz. Equations were developed as a function of temperature, moisture, and ash, and compared to literature equations. The dielectric constant decreased with ash content and increased with moisture content. It increased instead of decreasing with temperature. The dielectric loss factor increased with moisture content for moisture contents lower than 60. 7%, then decreased for higher moisture contents. Ash content and temperature increased dielectric loss factor. Frozen samples had low dielectric activity that was increased by ash content above -20 to -10°C.
Manipulation of two-photon-induced fluorescence spectra of chromophore aggregates with entangled photons: A simulation study

The nonclassical spectral and temporal features of entangled photons offer new possibilities to investigate the interactions of excitons in photosynthetic complexes and to target the excitation of specific states. Simulations of fluorescence in the bacterial reaction center induced by entangled light demonstrate a degree of selectivity of double-exciton states which is not possible using classical stochastic light with the same power spectrum.
Photoinduced electron transfer in π-extended tetrathiafulvalene-porphyrin-fullerene triad molecules

Two molecular triads consisting of a porphyrin (P) covalently linked to a fullerene electron acceptor (C60) and a π-extended tetrathiafulvalene electron donor (TTF) have been synthesized. Time resolved spectroscopic investigations of the triad featuring a free base porphyrin moiety (TTF–P2H–C60) show that in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solution, excitation of the porphyrin leads to formation of a TTF–P2H˙+–C60˙− charge-separated state in 25 ps. Electron transfer from the TTF generates a final TTF˙+–P2H–C60˙−state with an overall yield of 0.87. This species decays to the ground state in 1.07 µs. Similar experiments on the zinc analog, TTF–PZn–C60, show formation of TTF–PZn˙+–C60˙− in 1.5 ps, followed by generation of TTF˙+–PZn–C60˙− with a yield of 0.09. This charge-separated state also decays to the ground state in 1.07 µs. Comparison of these results with those for previously reported triads with different donor moieties reveals differences in electron transfer rate constants that can be qualitatively understood in the framework of the Marcus–Hush electron transfer formalism.
Augmenting Ridge Curves with Minutiae Triplets for Fingerprint Indexing

Given a query fingerprint, the goal of indexing is to identify and retrieve a set of candidate fingerprints from a large database in order to determine a possible match. This significantly improves the response time of fingerprint recognition systems operating in the identification mode. In this work, we extend the indexing framework based on minutiae triplets by utilizing ridge curve parameters in conjunction with minutiae information to enhance indexing performance. Further, we demonstrate that the proposed technique facilitates the indexing of fingerprint images acquired using different sensors. Experiments on the publicly available FVC database confirm the utility of the proposed approach in indexing fingerprints.
Analysis and modeling of gully headcut dynamics, North American high plains

Gullies are dynamic fluvial features that can be the primary driver for landscape dissection and sediment production in many settings. This research exploits a well-constrained field area near West Bijou Creek, Colorado, U.S., in order to develop a natural experiment in which we explore gully headcut erosion rates, the controls on gully headcut height, and the morphology of gully longitudinal profiles. Analysis of headcut retreat using aerial photography and airborne lidar imagery indicates that headcut retreat rates correlate with the square root of drainage area approximately. We investigate how a drainage area control on headcut retreat translates into the longitudinal profile morphology over time using a simple numerical model. The model combines fluvial erosion, deposition, and headcut retreat to identify the necessary and sufficient conditions needed to reproduce longitudinal profiles observed in the field. Field profiles are typically concave-upward, predominantly aggradational channel profiles with retreating headcuts whose height varies with catchment position. Systematic variation of environmental parameters in the model showed that the most successful model was achieved when highly resistant vegetation is applied throughout the channel, excluding a bare soil zone downstream of the headcut. This model scenario maintained an abrupt headcut over hundreds of model years and produced a realistic longitudinal profile that aggrades downstream of the headcut over time. The vegetation pattern used in the best model fit is observed at the field site, where easily erodible, sparsely vegetated soil downstream of the headcut grades into a more resistant grassy channel downstream.
Attractors: architects of network organization?

An attractor is defined here informally as a state of activity toward which a system settles. The settling or relaxation process dissipates the effects produced by external perturbations. In neural sy
Heterogeneous character animation: how to make an interactive character jump between stationary and mobile graphical computing platforms

This sketch presents a method for enabling a real-time animated character to appear to jump between a stationary computer screen and a mobile graphical device. This heterogeneous character animation character animation that takes place across two or more networked and collocated graphical devices is a key element in the Virtual Raft Project, which is being shown in the Emerging Technologies program at SIGGRAPH 2005. The crossplatform jump occurs when a participant brings a Tablet PC (a “virtual raft”) up to a stationary computer (a “virtual island”). The character’s jump appears very simple to the participant, but technically it involves precise coordination of numerous technical and design elements autonomous behavior, interactive animation, real-world sensing, inter-device communication, interface design, physical set construction and graphical and sound effects. Approximately 250 participants have interacted with the Virtual Raft Project in groups of ten to twenty at a time; a video of these interactions accompanies this sketch and demonstrates how the characters jump from virtual island to virtual raft. Effective heterogeneous character animation could make possible novel forms of entertainment, education and new media art.
Approximately optimum stratification for ratio and regression methods of estimation

Abstract This work considers the problem of optimum stratification for two study variables Y j ( j = 1 , 2 ) when samples from different strata are collected by simple random sampling with a replacement scheme and the information on the auxiliary variable is used to estimate the population mean using the ratio and regression method of estimation. A cumulative cube root rule for determination of optimum strata boundaries for the ratio and regression method of estimation under compromise allocation has been proposed. A limiting expression for the trace of the variance–covariance matrix has also been suggested. The work concludes with a numerical illustration.
The high cycle fatigue life of copper single crystals tested under plastic-strain-controlled conditions

Abstract Since it is widely believed that the localized strain in persistent slip bands of copper single crystals is constant over the range of strain amplitudes corresponding to the plateau of the cyclic stress-strain curve, it has frequently been stated that life should be independent of strain amplitude in this regime. However, in this paper we report measurements of the lives of crystals which have different orientations for strains in the plateau range using tension-compression tests; the results show that Coffin-Manson behavior actually occurs. Life is also found to be independent of crystal orientation. Comparisons of lives measured in uniaxial strain-controlled tests were made with those obtained by different testing methods, such as alternating torsion and bending. The differences in life are attributed to differences in the distribution of strain both in the specimens and in the persistent slip bands.
Medical Supervision of High School Football in Chicago: Does Inadequate Staffing Compromise Healthcare?

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Football has the highest injury rate among high school sports, yet few studies have assessed medical staffing of high school games and practices.OBJECTIVE: To gather information from Chicago public high schools to evaluate medical supervision of varsity football games and practices.METHODS: Athletic directors of all 77 Chicago public high schools were faxed questionnaires to complete. If questionnaires were not returned, investigators called athletic directors, and the survey was then completed over the telephone and the results tallied.RESULTS: A total of 59 (76.6%) of the surveys were completed by the schools. Of the 47 schools with football programs, 10.6% had a physician on the sideline at games, 8.5% had an athletic trainer present, and 89.4% had a paramedic available. No high school reported having a physician or paramedic present at football practice, and only one school had an athletic trainer available. Hence, in all but one school, coaches were the only staffers available at ...
Genetic Change in Minnesota Holstein Herds

Abstract First-lactation records of 52,894 Holstein cows in 713 Minnesota herds on Dairy Herd Improvement for 7 yr or more were analyzed to estimate genetic trends in herd averages and to identify breeding practices that enhance herd improvement. Mean predicted difference milk among herds was −3 kg and mean cow selection differential +118 kg. Annual trends in milk yield as measured by mature equivalent, predicted difference, and selection differential were 117, 20, and 1 kg. Genetic change in herds was estimated by the negative of two times the pooled intrasire regression of daughter contemporary deviation on time. The mean for genetic trend was 60 ± 30 kg milk. Production averages and production trends for herds were influenced positively by predicted difference and selection differential, predicted difference being the more important of the two. Because of large sampling variances, little of the variation in estimates of genetic change in herds was accounted for. There was a tendency for estimates of genetic change to vary inversely with average predicted difference and directly with the trend in predicted difference.
LuminAR: portable robotic augmented reality interface design and prototype

In this paper we introduce LuminAR: a prototype for a new portable and compact projector-camera system designed to use the traditional incandescent bulb interface as a power source, and a robotic desk lamp that carries it, enabling it with dynamic motion capabilities. We are exploring how the LuminAR system embodied in a familiar form factor of a classic Angle Poise lamp may evolve into a new class of robotic, digital information devices.
Bottlenose dolphin iris asymmetries enhance aerial and underwater vision

When the iris of the Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) contracts it constrains the path of light that can focus onto the two areas of the retina having a finer retinal mosaic. Under high ambient light conditions the operculum of the iris shields the lens and forms in the process two asymmetrically shaped, sized and positioned slit pupils. Tracing rays of light in the reverse direction through the pupils from the retinal regions associated with higher resolution confirm behaviorally observed preferred aerial and underwater viewing directions. In the forward and downward viewing direction, the larger temporal pupil admits light that is focused by the weakly refractive margin of a bifocal lens onto the temporal area centralis compensating for the addition of the optically strong front surface of the cornea in air. A schematic dolphin eye model incorporating a bifocal lens offers an explanation for a dolphin's comparable visual acuities in air and water for both high and low ambient light conditions. Comparison of methods for curve fitting psychometric ogive functions to behavioral visual acuity and spectral sensitivity data are discussed.
Finding the right mix: franchising, organizational learning, and chain performance

Franchising provides an increasingly important vehicle for entrepreneurial wealth creation and accounts for a large and growing share of business in the retail and service sectors. Chains—which operate in dispersed markets—most frequently use this form of governance. These firms must balance the centralization and standardization required for efficiency with the adaptation needed for success in varied local markets. By adopting an organizational learning perspective, we argue that the mix of company-owned and franchised units affects this balance, thereby influencing chain performance. In particular, the different incentives facing company managers and the entrepreneurs that manage franchises encourage distinct patterns of organizational learning. Franchised establishments provide better opportunities for the firm to learn through experimentation; however, companies find it easier to diffuse this information and enforce standards through their company-owned units. Analyses of franchised restaurant chains in the United States provide empirical evidence of this trade-off. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular basis for specific recognition of both RNA and DNA by a zinc finger protein

Transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) from Xenopus oocytes binds both the internal control region of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes and the 5S RNA transcript itself. The nucleic acid binding domain of TFIIIA contains nine tandemly repeated zinc finger motifs. A series of precisely truncated forms of this protein have been constructed and assayed for 5S RNA and DNA binding. Different sets of zinc fingers were found to be responsible for high affinity interactions with RNA and with DNA. These results explain how a single protein can exhibit equal affinities for these two very different nucleic acids.
Characterization of a divalent cation-linked polypeptide fraction of human lens membrane.

Human lens membrane, prepared by citraconylation in guanidine, has been shown to contain an extrinsic divalent cation-linked polypeptide fraction of molecular weight 22000. Presence of the chelating agent in the buffer releases this polypeptide fraction to the medium. It has been shown that this polypeptide fraction has a unique amino acid composition and may show slight reactivity towards γ -crystallin antibody. Quantitative NH 2 -terminal analysis indicates that at least 32% of the NH 2 -terminal in this polypeptide fraction is free and is glycine.
Openness and the effects of monetary policy

Abstract Economic theory suggests that an economy's openness reduces the ability of monetary policy to affect output, while increasing its effects on inflation. Using annual data from the 1953–1990 period for a panel of 38 countries, the paper's empirical results support the theoretical predictions: the more open the economy, the smaller (larger) the output (inflation) effects of a given change in the money supply. This finding is robust across all the different specifications and estimation methods examined.
A coupled two-stage continuous fermentation for solvent production by Clostridium acetobutylicum

Abstract The effects of nitrogen and phosphate in batch and continuous AEB fermentations were tested. Both nitrogen- and phosphate-limited fermentations favored acid formation but not solvent production. A coupled two-stage continuous fermentation was performed for 30 days with a nitrogen-limited first stage fermentation for enhanced acid production. The bacteria from the acidogenic phase (first stage) fermentation were continuously pumped into a 14-l second stage fermentor with supplemental glucose and nitrogen for solvent production. The second stage fermentor had a maximum butanol productivity of 0.4 g l −1 h −1 (total solvent production was 0.6 g l −1 h −1 ) at a dilution rate of 0.06 h −1 .
Growth control in HeLa cells by serum and anchorage.

Abstract HeLa-S3 cells in suspension cultures arrest in the G1(G0) phase of the cell cycle because DNA synthesis is controlled by serum factor(s). In monolayer cultures of identical cells DNA synthesis is constitutive, i.e. independent of external signals, and cells grow without restraint. These cells reversibly display “normal” or “transformed” properties depending on the culture conditions.
Pacific subtropical cell variability in coupled climate model simulations of the late 19th–20th century

Abstract Observational studies of the Pacific basin since the 1950s have demonstrated that a decrease (increase) in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is significantly correlated with a spin-up (slow-down) of the Pacific Subtropical Cells (STCs). STCs are shallow wind-driven overturning circulations that provide a pathway by which extratropical atmospheric variability can impact the equatorial Pacific thermocline and, through upwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific, tropical Pacific SSTs. Recent studies have shown that this observed relationship between SSTs and STCs is absent in coupled climate model simulations of the late 19th–20th centuries. In this paper we investigate what causes this relationship to breakdown and to what extent this limits the models’ ability to simulate observed climate change in the equatorial Pacific since the late 19th century. To provide insight into these questions we first show that the NCAR Community Climate System Model’s simulation of observed climate change since the 1970s has a robust signal in the equatorial Pacific that bears a close resemblance to observations. Strikingly, absent is a robust signal in the equatorial thermocline. Our results suggest that the coupled model may be reproducing the observed local ocean response to changes in forcing but inadequately reproducing the remote STC-forcing of the tropical Pacific due to the underestimate of extratropical winds that force these ocean circulations. These conclusions are found to be valid in five different coupled climate model simulations of the late 19th–20th centuries (CCSM3, GISS EH, GFDL CM2.1, CSIRO-Mk3, and HadCM3).
Large motion control of mobile manipulators including vehicle suspension characteristics

Conventional fixed-base controllers are shown not to perform well on mobile manipulators due to the dynamic interactions between a manipulator and its vehicle. An extended Jacobian transpose control algorithm is developed to improve the performance of such manipulator systems. It is shown to perform well in the presence of modeling errors and the practical limitations imposed by the sensory information available for control in highly unstructured field environments. >