cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tonal frequency affects amplitude but not topography of rhesus monkey cranial EEG components.

The rhesus monkey is an important model of human auditory function in general and auditory deficits in neuro-psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia in particular. Several rhesus monkey studies have described homologs of clinically relevant auditory evoked potentials such as pitch-based mismatch negativity, a fronto-central negativity that can be observed when a series of regularly repeating sounds is disrupted by a sound of different tonal frequency. As a result it is well known how differences of tonal frequency are represented in rhesus monkey EEG. However, to date there is no study that systematically quantified how absolute tonal frequency itself is represented. In particular, it is not known if frequency affects rhesus monkey EEG component amplitude and topography in the same way as previously shown for humans. A better understanding of the effect of frequency may strengthen inter-species homology and will provide a more solid foundation on which to build the interpretation of frequency MMN in the rhesus monkey. Using arrays of up to 32 cranial EEG electrodes in 4 rhesus macaques we identified 8 distinct auditory evoked components including the N85, a fronto-central negativity that is the presumed homolog of the human N1. In line with human data, the amplitudes of most components including the N85 peaked around 1000 Hz and were strongly attenuated above ∼1750 Hz. Component topography, however, remained largely unaffected by frequency. This latter finding may be consistent with the known absence of certain anatomical structures in the rhesus monkey that are believed to cause the changes in topography in the human by inducing a rotation of generator orientation as a function of tonal frequency. Overall, the findings are consistent with the assumption of a homolog representation of tonal frequency in human and rhesus monkey EEG.
Surgery on Public Enemy #1

Community general surgeons, particularly those working in urban areas, may occasionally be called upon to provide surgical care to prisoners or patients suspected of committing crimes. Most of these patients do not pose threats to hospital personnel or themselves; nevertheless, the hospital should follow standard security protocols to prevent their escape or an unpredictable attempt to injure hospital personnel or other patients. Rarely, a patient involved in more dramatic events (mass shootings, terrorist bombings) may require surgical care. The surgeon’s role in the care of such a “public enemy” patient remains the same as for all other patients: the surgeon is the patient’s primary care giver and advocate. The care of such patients may challenge hospitals and providers logistically and ethically in unexpected ways. Care for such patients has many parallels with the care obligated to prisoners of war; hence, the 1949 Geneva Conventions serves as an appropriate document to guide care for such patients. Documentation of any injuries, the informed consent process for invasive or surgical procedures, and care delivered must be meticulous. The surgeon sets the tone and environment of care for the entire team.
Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Q-Learning

Owing to the data transmission consumed the majority of the energy of sensor node,the efficiency of routing protocol effect the average energy consumption of the whole network.This paper models the network as a multi agent system by the discrete Markov decision process.An optimized routing policy under average criteria is obtained by using the Q learning algorithm.In order to balance the shortest path and energy consumption,the reward function takes into account the hop counts to the sink,the density of neighbor,and residual energy of node.
Emerging investigators series: the efficacy of chlorine photolysis as an advanced oxidation process for drinking water treatment

The photolysis of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite (OCl−) produces a suite of reactive oxidants, including hydroxyl radical (˙OH), chlorine radical (Cl˙), and ozone (O3). Therefore, the addition of light to chlorine disinfection units could effectively convert existing drinking water treatment systems into advanced oxidation processes. This review critically examines existing studies on chlorine photolysis as a water treatment process. After describing the fundamental chemistry of chlorine photolysis, we evaluate the ability of chlorine photolysis to transform model probe compounds, target organic contaminants, and chlorine-resistant microorganisms. The efficacy of chlorine photolysis to produce reactive oxidants is dependent on solution and irradiation conditions (e.g., pH and irradiation wavelengths). For example, lower pH values result in higher steady-state concentrations of ˙OH and Cl˙, resulting in enhanced contaminant removal. We also present the current state of knowledge on the alteration of dissolved organic matter and subsequent formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorine photolysis. Although the relative yields of DBPs during chlorine photolysis are also dependent on solution conditions (e.g., higher organic DBP yields at low pH values), there is conflicting evidence on whether chlorine photolysis increases or decreases DBP production compared to thermal reactions between chlorine and dissolved organic matter in the dark. We conclude the review by identifying knowledge gaps in the current body of literature.
Teaching the Torture Memos: 'Making Decisions Under Conditions of Uncertainty'

In the wake of the ethical lapses of lawyers evident in the 2009 financial collapse and the release of a government memo permitting the CIA to waterboard suspected terrorists, public commentators and legal theorists have joined legal education scholars to call for law schools to teach moral judgment making. Questions of how morality should be taught are as old as Aristotle and, today, occupy thinkers from neuroscientists to legal scholars. The current discussions about teaching moral judgment to law students fall into three categories: the model of David Luban, among others, which advocates teaching judgment in the clinical context using Aristotelian virtue ethics; a normative approach, championed by W. Bradley Wendel, which would prevent lawyers from making moral judgments unless they are based solely on legal principles; and the intuitionists approach, trumpeted by Cass Sunstein and others, who question the value of teaching students techniques or systems of addressing moral questions at all. This Article suggests that the normative approach leaves students ill-prepared to deal with moral judgments that may arise in practice; and it challenges the intuitionist approach by looking at current work in the social sciences and neuroscience about the development of moral identity in young adults. This Article then offers a new approach to introducing law students to moral judgment making, one based on the writing of philosopher Susan Neiman whose reason-based approach looks at particular and actual moral questions and focuses on the character of the action, in contrast to the Aristotelian model of looking at the character of the actor. Against this background, this Article then shows how law faculty can use two of the Torture Memos, drafted by a George W. Bush administration lawyer, to introduce first-year law students to moral judgment making. In doing this, the Article places the Memos in a historical condition of uncertainty and then applies Neiman’s reason-based approach to examine the moral judgments inherent in the writing of the Memos.
A test for enhancement of cytotype regulation in Drosophila melanogaster by the transposase-encoding P Element ∆ 2 - 3

Transposable P elements are regulated in the germ line by piRNAs, which are small RNAs that associate with the Piwi class of proteins. This regulation, called the P cytotype, is enhanced by genetic interactions between P elements that are primary sources of these RNAs and other P elements. The enhanced regulation is thought to reflect amplification of the primary piRNAs by cleavage of mRNAs derived from the other P elements through a mechanism called the ping-pong cycle. We tested the transposase-encoding P element known as ∆2-3 for its ability to enhance cytotype regulation anchored in P elements inserted at the telomere of the left arm of the X chromosome (TP elements). The ∆2-3 P element lacks the intron between exons 2 and 3 in the structurally complete P element (CP). Unlike the CP element, it does not markedly enhance cytotype regulation anchored in TP elements, nor does it transmit transposase activity through the egg cytoplasm. However, mRNAs from both the CP and ∆2-3 elements are maternally deposited in embryos. These observations suggest that maternally transmitted CP mRNA enhances cytotype regulation by participating in the ping-pong cycle and that it encodes the P transposase in the embryonic germ line, whereas maternally transmitted ∆2-3 mRNA does not, possibly because it is not efficiently directed into the primordial embryonic germ line. Strong transposon regulation may, therefore, require ping-pong cycling with maternally inherited mRNAs in the embryo.
Museums of sound: audio bird guides and the pleasures of knowledge

Since the first commercial field guides appeared in the United States in the 1940s, audio guides have taught generations of listeners how to hear and recognise birds. In the pages that follow, I lo...
Forecasting the Hydroclimatic Signature of the 2015/16 El Niño Event on the Western United States

AbstractDry conditions in 2013–16 in much of the western United States were responsible for severe drought and led to an exceptional fire season in the Pacific Northwest in 2015. Winter 2015/16 was forecasted to relieve drought in the southern portion of the region as a result of increased precipitation due to a very strong El Nino signal. A student forecasting challenge is summarized in which forecasts of winter hydroclimate across the western United States were made on 1 January 2016 for the winter hydroclimate using several dynamical and statistical forecast methods. They show that the precipitation forecasts had a large spread and none were skillful, while anomalously high observed temperatures were forecasted with a higher skill and precision. The poor forecast performance, particularly for precipitation, is traceable to high uncertainty in the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) forecast, which appears to be related to the inability of the models to predict an atmospheric blocking pattern ove...
BigDAWG version 0.1

A polystore system is a database management system composed of integrated heterogeneous database engines and multiple programming languages. By matching data to the storage engine best suited to its needs, complex analytics run faster and flexible storage choices helps improve data organization. BigDAWG (Big Data Working Group) is our prototype implementation of a polystore system. In this paper, we describe the current BigDAWG software release which supports PostgreSQL, Accumulo and SciDB. We describe the overall architecture, API and initial results of applying BigDAWG to the MIMIC II medical dataset.
Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Spermatocytes

Mammalian meiosis is a dynamic developmental process that occurs in germ cells and can be studied and characterized. Using a method to spread nuclei on the surface of slides (rather than dropping them from a height), we demonstrate an optimized technique on mouse spermatocytes that was first described in 1997. This method is widely used in laboratories to study mammalian meiosis because it yields a plethora of high quality nuclei undergoing substages of prophase I. Seminiferous tubules are first placed in a hypotonic solution to swell spermatocytes. Then spermatocytes are released into a sucrose solution to create a cell suspension, and nuclei are spread onto fixative-soaked glass slides. Following immunostaining, a diversity of proteins germane to meiotic processes can be examined. For example, proteins of the synaptonemal complex, a tripartite structure that connects the chromosome axes/cores of homologs together can be easily visualized. Meiotic recombination proteins, which are involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination, can also be immunostained to evaluate progression of prophase I. Here we describe and demonstrate in detail a technique widely used to study mammalian meiosis in spermatocytes from juvenile or adult male mice.
The World’s Most Connected Apparel Consumers: Profiling Online Social Consumers

Social media have given rise to the new consumer group, social consumers, who use social channels and networks to learn about products and make purchase decisions (Pivot Conference, 2012). Social consumers value the information provided by like-minded people who share common interests with them and desire a conversation with a brand in the social network sites (SNSs), such as Facebook and Twitter. In the apparel context, several market researchers report a particular consumer segment that is knowledgeable about fashion and also extremely active with SNSs (Netbase, 2013).
Scaling up benthic microbial fuel cells using flyback converters

Abstract Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are alternative energy sources that can power sensors underwater. However, their use underwater is limited by low conversion efficiencies of the low-voltage energy to higher voltages required by modern electronics. Additionally, BMFC systems detailed in the literature are incompatible with the deployment difficulties associated with underwater sensing. In this work, we present an optimal underwater scaling strategy combined with an integrated power management system. We successfully demonstrate the modular scale-up of BMFCs using in-line flyback converters that held the BMFC input voltage at an optimal cell potential of 0.35–0.5 V while directly increasing output voltage to 12 V. Two flyback converters could operate successfully on a single shared anode, delivering 16 mW of the BMFC power directly to a 12 V rechargeable battery at 77% efficiency. We show that the internal resistance of the BMFC and effective resistance of the power management system determine the transition from start up to stable BMFC operation for up to seventy days. These combined factors have not been demonstrated previously. Such a system allows for a broad range of BMFC underwater array configurations that are critical to the future integration of BMFCs with seafloor systems and sensors.
Prestin Contributes to Membrane Compartmentalization and Is Required for Normal Innervation of Outer Hair Cells.

Outer hair cells (OHC) act as amplifiers and their function is modified by medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents. The unique OHC motor protein, prestin, provides the molecular basis for somatic electromotility, which is required for sensitivity and frequency selectivity, the hallmarks of mammalian hearing. Prestin proteins are the major component of the lateral membrane of mature OHCs, which separates apical and basal domains. To investigate the contribution of prestin to this unique arrangement, we compared the distribution of membrane proteins in OHCs of wildtype (WT) and prestin-knockout (KO) mice. In WT, the apical protein PMCA2 was exclusively localized to the hair bundles, while it was also found at the lateral membrane in KOs. Similarly, a basal protein KCNQ4 did not coalesce at the base of OHCs but was widely dispersed in mice lacking prestin. Since the expression levels of PMCA2 and KCNQ4 remained unchanged in KOs, the data indicate that prestin is required for the normal distribution of apical and basal membrane proteins in OHCs. Since OHC synapses predominate in the basal subnuclear region, we also examined the synaptic architecture in prestin-KO mice. Although neurite densities were not affected, MOC efferent terminals in prestin-KO mice were no longer constrained to the basal pole as in WT. This trend was evident as early as at postnatal day 12. Furthermore, terminals were often enlarged and frequently appeared as singlets when compared to the multiple clusters of individual terminals in WT. This abnormality in MOC synaptic morphology in prestin-KO mice is similar to defects in mice lacking MOC pathway proteins such as α9/α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and BK channels, indicating a role for prestin in the proper establishment of MOC synapses. To investigate the contribution of prestin’s electromotility, we also examined OHCs from a mouse model that expresses non-functional prestin (499-prestin). We found no changes in PMCA2 localization and MOC synaptic morphology in OHCs from 499-prestin mice. Taken together, these results indicate that prestin, independent of its motile function, plays an important structural role in membrane compartmentalization, which is required for the formation of normal efferent-OHC synapses in mature OHCs.
Muon-Decay Neutrinos and Limits on Neutrino Oscillations

We have obtained some “doubly parasitic” results on neutrino oscillations by further analysis of a low energy neutrino experiment at Los Alamos that we originally did with a very different motivation.
Comparison of Water, Helium, and Carbon Dioxide as Coolants for Next Generation Power Plants using TRACE

Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the use of water, helium, and carbon dioxide as coolants for Generation IV and fusion power plants. In this study, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) thermal hydraulics and neutronics coupled code TRAC/Relap Advanced Computational Engine (TRACE) was used to build and simulate a 600 MW th fusion Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) system that was cooled by either water, helium, or carbon dioxide. The results from the simulations, along with certain design criteria, were used to determine that water was the best coolant for the system of this study. For the operating conditions used in this research, water was able to keep the temperature of certain materials below their maximum temperatures much easier than the helium and carbon dioxide cooled systems. Specifically, beryllium was used as a material in the system and was determined to have a maximum temperature of 800 °C for its applications in this study (Mitteau et al., 2017). Additionally, this temperature limit restricts the efficiency and capabilities of the helium and carbon dioxide cooled systems. There is also uncertainty associated with the turbine efficiencies used in this study. This introduces uncertainty into the overall efficiency of the system for each coolant. So, the overall efficiency is not as important of a parameter in determining the best coolant for the system in this study as other parameters.
DjA1 maintains Golgi integrity via interaction with GRASP65

In mammalian cells, the Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) has been implicated in both Golgi stacking and ribbon linking by forming trans-oligomers. To better understand its function and regulation, we used biochemical methods to identify the DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 (DjA1) as a novel GRASP65-binding protein. In cells, depletion of DjA1 resulted in Golgi fragmentation, short and improperly aligned cisternae, and delayed Golgi reassembly after nocodazole washout. In vitro, immunodepletion of DjA1 from interphase cytosol reduced its activity to enhance GRASP65 oligomerization and Golgi membrane fusion, while adding purified DjA1 enhanced GRASP65 oligomerization. DjA1 is a cochaperone of Heat shock cognate 71-kDa protein (Hsc70), but the activity of DjA1 in Golgi structure formation is independent of its cochaperone activity or Hsc70, rather, through DjA1-GRASP65 interaction to promote GRASP65 oligomerization. Thus, DjA1 interacts with GRASP65 to enhance Golgi structure formation through the promotion of GRASP65 trans-oligomerization.
A novel motor imagery hybrid brain computer interface using EEG and functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

Abstract Background Hybrid brain computer interfaces (BCIs) combining multiple brain imaging modalities have been proposed recently to boost the performance of single modality BCIs. New method In this paper, we propose a novel motor imagery (MI) hybrid BCI that uses electrical brain activity recorded using Electroencephalography (EEG) as well as cerebral blood flow velocity measured using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD). Features derived from the power spectrum for both EEG and fTCD signals were calculated. Mutual information and linear support vector machines (SVM) were employed for feature selection and classification. Results Using the EEG-fTCD combination, average accuracies of 88.33%, 89.48%, and 82.38% were achieved for right arm MI versus baseline, left arm MI versus baseline, and right arm MI versus left arm MI respectively. Compared to performance measures obtained using EEG only, the hybrid system provided significant improvement in terms of accuracy by 4.48%, 5.36%, and 4.76% respectively. In addition, average transmission rates of 4.17, 5.45, and 10.57 bits/min were achieved for right arm MI versus baseline, left arm MI versus baseline, and right arm MI versus left arm MI respectively. Comparison with existing methods Compared to EEG-fNIRS hybrid BCIs in literature, we achieved similar or higher accuracies with shorter task duration. Conclusions The proposed hybrid system is a promising candidate for real-time BCI applications.
Early childhood depression, emotion regulation, episodic memory, and hippocampal development

Depression in adults is associated with deficits in a number of cognitive domains, however it remains less clear how early in development theses deficits can be detected in early onset depression. There are several different hypotheses about the links between cognitive function and depression. For example, it has been argued that executive function deficits contribute to emotion regulation difficulties, which in turn increase risk for depression. Further, it has been suggested that some cognitive deficits, such as episodic memory, may reflect hippocampal abnormalities linked to both depression and episodic memory. We examined these questions in adolescents participating in a longitudinal study of preschool onset depression. We measured cognitive function at adolescence using the National Institutes of Health toolbox (vocabulary, processing speed, executive function, working memory and episodic memory), and examined relationships of cognitive deficits to depression, emotion regulation, life stress and adversity, as well as hippocampal volume trajectories over three imaging assessments starting at school age. Depression related deficits in episodic memory were found. Youths with either current and past depression showed episodic memory deficits even after controlling for other psychopathology and family income. Depression severity, emotion dysregulation, and life stress/adversity all predicted episodic memory impairment, as did smaller intercepts and slopes of hippocampal growth over time. Modest relationships of depression to hippocampal volume and strong relationships between emotion regulation and both episodic memory and hippocampal volume were found. These data are consistent with prior work in adults linking depression, episodic memory, emotion regulation, life stress/adversity, and hippocampal volume in adults and suggest similar relations are evident as early as adolescence when memory systems are under development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Abstract 2634: The role of Eph A receptor 3 tyrosine kinase signaling in prostate cancer progression

Dysregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) by means of mutation, amplification or overexpression plays a crucial role in cell growth, cell survival, cell motility during cancer progression and metastasis. EPHA3 (erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma cell surface type A receptor 3) is a member of the RTKs. Evidence indicates that the upregulation of the EPHA3 activity is implicated in the pathobiology of various cancers, including prostate cancer, and thus, it is a prime therapeutic target in cancer. However, the role of EPHA3 signaling in prostate cancer progression remains obscure. Currently, the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) poses a clinical challenge because it is lethal. The molecular mechanisms that contribute to lethal prostate cancer are largely unknown. The objective of this study is to investigate whether EPHA3 signaling plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic relapse. Our analysis of the prostate cancer public datasets revealed that the EPHA3 gene was amplified up to 19% of metastatic CRPC cases with the neuroendocrine phenotype. Our immunological assay confirmed the positive staining of EPHA3 protein in human prostate cancer specimens. Our semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR assays demonstrated that the levels of EPHA3 varies among established prostate cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, we consistently found that the levels of EPHA3 mRNA in CRPC cell line, C4-2, were 3-fold higher than its castration-sensitive parental LNCaP cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increase in expression of EPHA3 mRNA in C4-2 compared with LNCaP cells coincided with the upregulation of the EPHA3 protein, as independently confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence imaging. These findings indicate that EPHA3 may confer an aggressive prostate cancer cell phenotype. Because androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a potent mediator of CRPC cell growth and survival, the targeting of EPHA3 signaling alone or together with AR may improve the efficacy of current therapies for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Citation Format: Marwah M. Al-Mathkour, Bekir Cinar. The role of Eph A receptor 3 tyrosine kinase signaling in prostate cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2634.
ECMO as a Bridge to Reoperative Cardiac Surgery in a Patient with Cardiogenic Shock and Severe Aortic Insufficiency Due to an Acute Aortic Valve Homograft Failure

We report a 62-year-old male who had severe aortic insufficiency after a homograft root replacement, requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation prior to surgery due to profound cardiogenic shock. Severe aortic insufficiency is a contraindication for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but we were able to stabilize the patient and successfully perform an urgent reoperative surgery.
\(\mathcal{M}_1(1)\): Single Scalar in Homogeneous Turbulence

The equations resulting from the treatment of marginal statistics are necessarily indeterminate, hence require additional information to obtain a solvable system of equations, a non-rigorous operation called closure. This holds also for the mapping equations, which are considered in the present section for homogeneous turbulence. The single scalar case is a convenient approach to introduce and explain mapping methods in elementary form [1], the velocity and multi-scalar, non-homogeneous cases are much more complex and discussed in the following section.
The State of Journalism and its History

When I travel, I make it a point to look at a city’s legacy print journalism operation. I do this first by looking for opportunities to buy newspapers. Second, I look to see if people are carrying ...
Evaluation of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with sequential immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in non-small cell lung cancer.

e21562Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been frequently observed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy (IO). The severity of irAEs in resp...
Electricity Quality Problems in the 0.4 kV City Electric Networks

The article discusses the results obtained by monitoring the electric energy quality in 0.4 kV urban electric networks. It lists the main problems, which inevitably arise during the electric energy quality reduction. The reasons for the occurrence of low quality electricity are presented. It is shown that in this case, a malfunction of various power receivers occurs. It is indicated that earlier studies of electric energy quality issues mainly considered power supply systems and power receivers of industrial enterprises. However, the quality issues also arise in 0.4 kV urban electric networks, which supply office, administrative, public, residential buildings. These violations can occur in almost all groups of electric power quality indicators – slow voltage changes, voltage fluctuations, voltage asymmetry in a three-phase system, voltage non-sinusoidality. Therefore, developing measures to maintain the quality of electric power within acceptable limits in urban electric networks requires monitoring the electric power quality indicators. It is based on its results, that a set of measures to improve the quality of electricity should be developed. The article presents the examples of low quality electricity, including the cases when voltage fluctuations occur.
Titanium nitride films

Hot carrier cooling rates were measured using transmission pump-probe on 30nm TiN films. Experiments used a 400nm pump/800nm probe and a 650nm pump/800nm probe. The bandstructure gives insight into the long cooling times observed.
Severe Maternal Morbidity: A Comparison of Definitions and Data Sources.

Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is a composite outcome measure that indicates serious, potentially life-threatening maternal health problems. There is great interest in defining SMM using administrative data for surveillance and research. In the United States, one common way of defining SMM at the population level is an index developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Modifications to this index (e.g., exclusion of maternal blood transfusion) have been proposed; some research defines SMM using an index introduced by Bateman et al. (Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(5):957-965). Birth certificate data are also increasingly being used to define SMM. We compared commonly used US definitions of SMM among all California births (2007-2012) using the kappa (κ) statistic and other measures. We also evaluated agreement between maternal morbidity fields on the birth certificate as compared with health insurance claims data. Concordance between the 7 definitions of SMM analyzed was generally low (i.e., κ < 0.41 for 13 of 21 two-way comparisons). Low concordance was particularly driven by the presence/absence of transfusion and claims data versus birth certificate definitions. Low agreement between administrative data-based definitions of SMM highlights that results can be expected to differ between them. Further research on validity of SMM definitions, using more fine-grained data sources, is needed.
A comparison of transferrin-receptor and epithelial cellular adhesion molecule targeting for microfluidic separation of cancer cells

Microfluidic, flow cytometry, and immunomagnetic methods for cancer cell isolation have heavily relied on the Epithelial Cellular Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) for affinity separation. While EpCAM has been used extensively for circulating tumor cell isolation, it cannot be used to isolate non-epithelial cells. The human transferrin receptor (CD71) can also be used for cancer cell isolation and has the advantage that as an affinity target it can separate virtually any cancer cell type, regardless of disease origin. However, direct comparison of the capture ability of EpCAM and CD71 has not been reported previously. In this work, cell capture with both EpCAM and CD71 were studied using a novel higher-throughput herringbone cell separation microfluidic device. Five separation chip models were designed and the one with the highest capture efficiency (average 90 ± 10%) was chosen to compare antigen targets for cell capture. Multiple cancer cell lines including CCRF-CEM, PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 were tested for cell capture performance using both ligands (anti-CD71 and anti-EpCAM) in the optimized chip design. PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells were spiked into blood at concentrations ranging from 0.5%–10%. PC-3 cells were separated by anti-CD71 and anti-EpCAM with 32–37% and 31–50% capture purity respectively, while MDA-MB-231 were separated with 35–53% and 33–56% capture purity using anti-CD71 and anti-EpCAM for all concentrations. The enrichment factor for the lowest concentrations of cells in blood ranged from 66-74X. The resulting enrichment of cancer cells shows that anti-CD71 was found to be statistically similar to anti-EpCAM for epithelial cancer cells, while anti-CD71 can be further used for non-epithelial cells, where anti-EpCAM cannot be used.
Data for: Interaction Between Hydraulic Fractures and Natural Fractures - A Review

This data is associated with key findings and analysis of interactions between hydraulic fracture and natural fractures from 1963 to 2019.
Supplementation with human menopausal gonadotropin in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles of women with high AMH: Pregnancy outcomes and serial hormone levels.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the value of using both HMG and recombinant FSH (r-FSH) in the GnRH antagonist protocol for women with high AMH. Materials and methods This retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2018. Of 277 GnRH antagonist IVF/ICSI cycles in women with anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) ≥5 μg/L, 170 cycles receiving the combination of r-FSH and HMG (77 with HMG added at the beginning of the GnRH antagonist cycle and 93 with HMG added after GnRH antagonist administration) and 107 cycles receiving r-FSH alone were analyzed. The dynamic hormone profiles and embryonic and clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated. Results We observed significantly lower serum LH levels in the r-FSH + HMG groups during ovarian stimulation. The serum estradiol and progesterone levels were lower in the r-FSH + HMG groups on the trigger day. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences with respect to the number of oocytes retrieved, maturation, fertilization, blastocyst formation rate or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The implantation and live birth rates were increased in the r-FSH + HMG groups compared with the r-FSH alone group, with no statistical significance. Conclusions HMG for LH supplementation in the GnRH antagonist protocol for patients with high AMH is not significantly superior to r-FSH alone in terms of ovarian response and pregnancy outcome. Nevertheless, HMG supplementation might be appropriate for women with an initially inadequate response to r-FSH or intracycle LH deficiency.
TCL-461: Clinical Activity of Systemic VSV-IFNβ-NIS Oncolytic Virotherapy in Patients with Relapsed Refractory Hematologic Malignancies

Context This is the first in human Phase 1 dose escalation trial of oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) incorporating interferon beta and sodium iodine symporter transgenes (VSV-IFNβ-NIS) to be administered intravenously in patients with relapsed and refractory hematologic malignancies. Objective The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of VSV-IFNβ-NIS as a single agent. The secondary objectives were to determine safety and efficacy of VSV-IFNβ-NIS. Correlative objectives included monitoring viremia and virus shedding. Design This was a 3+3 phase 1 clinical trial from April 2017 to August 2020 including adult patients (pts) with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (MM), T-cell lymphoma (TCL), or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Results Fifteen patients received VSV-IFNβ-NIS: MM (7), TCL (7), and AML (1); median age was 64 years, 60% male, and median prior lines of systemic cancer therapies was 5 (range, 2 to 11). Three patients were treated at each dose level (DL) 1 through 3 (respectively 0.05, 0.17, and 0.5 x 1011 TCID50), and 6 at DL 4 (1.7x1011 TCID50). There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Hematologic AEs, particularly lymphopenia (73%) were the predominant grade 3 and 4 AEs. Non-hematologic AE of interest were grade 1 (6.7%) and 2 (46.6%) cytokine release syndrome, of which only 1 patient required transient norepinephrine support. Objective responses were seen in patients with TCL. There was a 3-month partial response (PR) in a patient treated at DL 2 after 11 prior systemic therapies. However, compelling responses were seen at DL 4 with a deepening 6-month PR in a patient with PTCL and ongoing CR, even 14 months after VSV in another patient with cutaneous relapse of PTCL; both patients received 5 prior lines of therapy. Viremia rapidly declined after infusion, and there was no significant viral shedding. Neutralizing anti-VSV antibodies developed by day 29. IFNβ appeared to indicate intratumoral amplification with TCL patients mounting the highest levels. Conclusions A single intravenous dose of VSV-IFNβ-NIS up to 1.7x1011 is safe in heavily pre-treated patients with hematologic malignancies and appears to be most effective as a single agent at DL 4, especially in patients with TCL. Future trials of combination strategies with immune-modulatory drugs are currently being planned. Grant Acknowledgements Mayo Clinic Multiple Myeloma Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE), Grohne gifts, Phillips gift, and Liu gift.
Top Tens in 2016: Patent, Trademark, Copyright and Trade Secret Cases

The Supreme Court issued several rulings that affect incentives in patent law. The Court relaxed the standard for the award of treble damages, narrowed the damages awards for infringement of design patents, and upheld key parts of the new procedures for challenging the validity of patents before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. After numerous decisions holding claimed inventions to be outside patentable subject matter in the wake of the Supreme Court’s 2014 Alice decision, the Federal Circuit rejected some challenges on those grounds, evincing a split among the circuit’s judges on the bounds of patentable subject matter. Several decisions affected legal boundaries: whether federal copyright law preempted state law rights for resale royalties and right of publicity, and whether trade secret law preempted claims for unjust enrichment. Courts continue the trend to limit injunctions, where parties have delayed or seek overbroad orders. Trademark decisions stretched the limits of the Lanham Act, to reach foreign sales of goods bought in the US and protection of foreign marks within the US, as well as triggering nationwide US trademark protection upon the most minor use of a mark. In copyright, evergreen issues include the scope of fair use and the conditions for immunity for internet service providers. Trade secret saw a new federal trade secret act, along with cases on all the major elements of trade secret misappropriation, in such areas as beehive foraging and bacon cooking.This paper also uses the collection of cases to conjecture a little on cognitive factors that affect judicial reasoning. Judges have the same cognitive biases as other humans. We can read judicial decisions, speculatively, with an eye toward how the judges unconsciously seek cognitive ease. The paper also discusses how the holdings of some cases may affect subsequent the decision process in some intellectual property matters.
Testing a Generalizable Machine Learning Workflow for Aquatic Invasive Species on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Northwest Montana

Biological invasions are accelerating worldwide, causing major ecological and economic impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The urgent decision-making needs of invasive species managers can be better met by the integration of biodiversity big data with large-domain models and data-driven products. Remotely sensed data products can be combined with existing invasive species occurrence data via machine learning models to provide the proactive spatial risk analysis necessary for implementing coordinated and agile management paradigms across large scales. We present a workflow that generates rapid spatial risk assessments on aquatic invasive species using occurrence data, spatially explicit environmental data, and an ensemble approach to species distribution modeling using five machine learning algorithms. For proof of concept and validation, we tested this workflow using extensive spatial and temporal hybridization and occurrence data from a well-studied, ongoing, and climate-driven species invasion in the upper Flathead River system in northwestern Montana, USA. Rainbow Trout (RBT; Oncorhynchus mykiss), an introduced species in the Flathead River basin, compete and readily hybridize with native Westslope Cutthroat Trout (WCT; O. clarkii lewisii), and the spread of RBT individuals and their alleles has been tracked for decades. We used remotely sensed and other geospatial data as key environmental predictors for projecting resultant habitat suitability to geographic space. The ensemble modeling technique yielded high accuracy predictions relative to 30-fold cross-validated datasets (87% 30-fold cross-validated accuracy score). Both top predictors and model performance relative to these predictors matched current understanding of the drivers of RBT invasion and habitat suitability, indicating that temperature is a major factor influencing the spread of invasive RBT and hybridization with native WCT. The congruence between more time-consuming modeling approaches and our rapid machine-learning approach suggest that this workflow could be applied more broadly to provide data-driven management information for early detection of potential invaders.
Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Advanced Imaging in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Neuroimaging techniques such as head computed tomography (CT) are frequently used to guide neurosurgical and neurocritical care of civilian and military patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). Although less widely available, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhances detection of traumatic axonal injury and therefore improves the accuracy of outcome prediction for patients with sTBI. Nevertheless, over the past several years, emerging evidence has revealed that conventional MRI also has limitations as a prognostic tool in sTBI. Thus, there is growing interest in the development of advanced imaging techniques to guide prognostication and therapeutic decision-making. These advanced imaging techniques enable measurement of the brain’s structural and functional connectivity, as well as its perfusion, metabolism, and responses to stimuli. In this review, we discuss the clinical applications and limitations of head CT and conventional MRI, as well as evidence demonstrating that advanced imaging techniques may improve the accuracy of prognostication for patients with sTBI.
High-Resolution Acoustical Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Finite-Size Objects: The Cascade Form

Backward propagation has been one of the most widely used algorithms for acoustical image reconstruction and it is known that the resolution of the resultant images is governed by Rayleigh-criterion. The quality of the image reconstruction can be significantly improved by utilizing additional constraints such as the finite spatial-frequency bandwidth of the resultant waveneld and the finite size of the source region.
Socratic Rhetoric in the Gorgias

Given that it seems uncontroversial that Socrates displays considerable contempt towards rhetoric in the Gorgias,the title of this paper might strike one as an oxymoron. Indeed, a reading of the text has more than once encouraged scholars to posit an Opposition between the elenctic procedures championed by Socrates and the rhetorical procedures of his interlocutors. At least three features have been highlighted that seem to indicate this contrast: 1. the Socratic interest in short questions and answers versus his interlocutors’ use of long speeches (makrologia); 2. the Socratic interest in truth regardless of the opinion of the many, the latter seeming an important concern of the rhetorician; 3. the supposed Socratic appeal to the intellectual powers of the interlocutor, which is usually contrasted with the appeal to the emotions which is distinctive of rhetoric.
CODSTRAN - Composite durability structural analysis

CODSTRAN (Composite Durability STRuctural ANalysis) is an integrated computer program being developed for the prediction of defect growth and fracture of composite structures subjected to service loads and environments. CODSTRAN is briefly described herein with respect to organization, capabilities and present status. Application of CODSTRAN current capability to a flat composite laminate with a center slit which was subjected to axial tension loading predicted defect growth which is in good agreement with C-scan ultrasonic test records.
Charged particle multiplicity correlations in pp̄ collisions at s=0.3−1.8 TeV

Abstract The correlations between charged particle multiplicitie produced in forward and backward pseudorapidity regions in pp interactions have been measured with a 240 element scintillator hodoscope. The correlation coefficient and the variance of the difference of multiplicities in the two pseudorapidity regions were deterermined for s =0.3−1.8 TeV . These results have been interpreted in terms of a cluster model of particle production.
The Inevitability of Conscience: A Response to My Critics

Many authors, I suspect, share my perception that they do not know their own book until they see the responses it provokes. Only then does it become clear what themes in the book matter, what is controversial, and, of course, what is mistaken, confusing, or self-contradictory. For that reason, I am particularly grateful for the careful readings and thoughtful criticisms of Legal Ethics and Human Dignity1 by scholars whose own work I greatly admire. In addition, each of them has written an essay worth reading for its own ideas, apart from what they have to say about my book. Several themes recur among my critics. Professor Norman Spaulding and Professor W. Bradley Wendel believe that the fact of moral pluralism poses a deep and possibly fatal objection to my “morally activist” view that lawyers are morally accountable for what they do on behalf of clients and what outcomes they further.2 (Although the problem of pluralism is not the principal focus of Professor Katherine Kruse’s essay, she has elsewhere criticized me on similar grounds and raises the critique briefly here.)3 Professor William Simon, Spaulding, and Wendel also criticize the preeminence I give to lawyers’ consciences over the guiding values of the institutions in which lawyers work—the adversary system (Spaulding),4 the legal and political system more generally (Wendel),5 or the organizational settings of law
Object-oriented support for specification of distributed protocols

Existing support for distributed software development falls into one of two classes: tool-kits which provide a static set of tools, and system techniques which are quite flexible yet difficult to use. The author presents a technique that combines the ease-of-use of tool-kits while preserving flexibility. Reflection is used to enable meta-level objects to customize distributed interactions. The architecture supports development of distributed protocols using standard object-oriented techniques without requiring knowledge of an excessive system API. Thus, developing distributed protocols follows the same process as writing any application with distributed objects. Implementation is through compiled objects preserving performance.
Moral Sentiments and Material Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation in Economic Life

Moral Sentiments and Material Interests: The Foundations of Cooperation in Economic Life. Herbert Gintis, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd, and Ernst Fehr, eds. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005. 404 pp.
Analysis and design algorithms for a Getreu comparator macromodel

Getreu proposed a macromodel topology for a comparator. This model is decomposed into an analysis algorithm which allows calculating performance specifications given the component values. A comparison, is made with calculated and measured SPICE specifications. A design procedure is proposed given data sheet specifications which allows selection of macromodel component values. >