cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scheduling part-time personnel with availability restrictions and preferences to maximize employee satisfaction

With the economy continually moving towards retail and services, the size of the part-time workforce is increasing constantly. In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling a workforce consisting entirely of part-time workers. The part-time workers have availabilities, preferences for the shifts, and also a seniority level. We propose an integer programming model to maximize employee satisfaction and to meet the demand requirements for each shift. The model is tested on randomly generated instances. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of branch-and-cut methods in reducing computation time.
Staufen does double duty

A recent study links the double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen (Stau) 1 and the nonsense-mediated decay factor Upf1 in a novel mRNA decay pathway. Stafen now dons two hats to participate in two different pathways—one that directs mRNA localization and one that directs mRNA decay.
Standard of care and future pharmacological treatment options for malignant glioma: an urgent need for screening and identification of novel tumor-specific antigens

Introduction: Malignant gliomas (MGs) represent the most common primary brain tumors in adults, the most deadly of which is grade IV glioblastoma. Patients with glioblastoma undergoing current standard-of-care therapy have a median survival of 12 – 15 months.Areas covered: Over the past 25 years, there have been modest advancements in the treatment of MGs. Assessment of therapeutic responses has continued to evolve to account for the increasing number of agents being tested in the clinic. Currently approved therapies for primary tumors have been extended for use in the setting of recurrent disease with modest efficacy. Agents initially approved for recurrent gliomas have begun to demonstrate efficacy against de novo tumors but will ultimately need to be evaluated in future studies for scheduling, timing and dosing relative to chemotherapy.Expert opinion: Screening and identification of tumor-specific mutations is critical for the advancement of effective therapy that is both safe and precise for the patie...
A survey of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis in North American soils over two long-range transects and within post-Katrina New Orleans

Abstract Soil samples were collected along a north–south transect extending from Manitoba, Canada, to the US–Mexico border near El Paso, Texas in 2004 (104 samples), a group of sites within New Orleans, Louisiana following Hurricane Katrina in 2005 (19 samples), and a Gulf Coast transect extending from Sulphur, Louisiana, to DeFuniak Springs, Florida, in 2007 (38 samples). Samples were collected from the top 40 cm of soil and were screened for the presence of total Bacillus species and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), specifically using multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using an assay with a sensitivity of ∼170 equivalent colony-forming units (CFU) g−1 field moist soil, the prevalence rate of Bacillus sp./B. anthracis in the north–south transect and the 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina sample set were 20/5% and 26/26%, respectively. Prevalence in the 2007 Gulf Coast sample set using an assay with a sensitivity of ∼4 CFU g−1 of soil was 63/0%. Individual transect-set data indicate a positive relation between occurrences of species and soil moisture or soil constituents (i.e., Zn and Cu content). The 2005 New Orleans post-Katrina data indicated that B. anthracis is readily detectable in Gulf Coast soils following flood events. The data also indicated that occurrence, as it relates to soil chemistry, may be confounded by flood-induced dissemination of germinated cells and the mixing of soil constituents for short temporal periods following an event.
Dissolved and particulate trace metal micronutrients under the McMurdo Sound seasonal sea ice: basal sea ice communities as a capacitor for iron.

Dissolved and particulate metal concentrations are reported from three sites beneath and at the base of the McMurdo Sound seasonal sea ice in the Ross Sea of Antarctica. This dataset provided insight into Co and Mn biogeochemistry, supporting a previous hypothesis for water column mixing occurring faster than scavenging. Three observations support this: first, Mn-containing particles with Mn/Al ratios in excess of the sediment were present in the water column, implying the presence of bacterial Mn-oxidation processes. Second, dissolved and labile Co were uniform with depth beneath the sea ice after the winter season. Third, dissolved Co:PO43- ratios were consistent with previously observed Ross Sea stoichiometry, implying that over-winter scavenging was slow relative to mixing. Abundant dissolved Fe and Mn were consistent with a winter reserve concept, and particulate Al, Fe, Mn, and Co covaried, implying that these metals behaved similarly. Elevated particulate metals were observed in proximity to the nearby Islands, with particulate Fe/Al ratios similar to that of nearby sediment, consistent with a sediment resuspension source. Dissolved and particulate metals were elevated at the shallowest depths (particularly Fe) with elevated particulate P/Al and Fe/Al ratios in excess of sediments, demonstrating a sea ice biomass source. The sea ice biomass was extremely dense (chl a >9500 μg/L) and contained high abundances of particulate metals with elevated metal/Al ratios. A hypothesis for seasonal accumulation of bioactive metals at the base of the McMurdo Sound sea ice by the basal algal community is presented, analogous to a capacitor that accumulates iron during the spring and early summer. The release and transport of particulate metals accumulated at the base of the sea ice by sloughing is discussed as a potentially important mechanism in providing iron nutrition during polynya phytoplankton bloom formation and could be examined in future oceanographic expeditions.
Plasmids from bacterial endosymbionts of hump-killer paramecia.

Abstract Six isolates ofCaedibacter taeniospiralis, collected from four continents, were screened for plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA species containing between 41.5 and 49.5 kilobase pairs (kb) were observed in all strains. Physical maps of plasmids were constructed by determining relative positions of the restriction endonuclease (BamHI,SalI,XhoI,SacI,PstI,AvaI, andEcoRI) recognition sequences in each plasmid. The physical map of the smallest plasmid (41.5 kb), pKAP30, is reflected in each of the plasmids isolated from the other strains ofC. taeniospiralis. Plasmid DNA from three of the isolates (strains 51 and 116 both from Indiana and strain 169 from Japan) each contain 43 kb, where 41.5 kb appear to be identical to pKAP30 (obtained from the Australian strain, A30). The extra 1.5 kb present in pKAP51, pKAP116, and pKAP169 is included as a single polynucleotide sequence. The 1.5-kb inclusion is located at apparently identical positions in pKAP116 and pKAP169 and at a totally different position in pKAP51. The two remaining plasmids, pKAP47 (from California strain 47) and pKAP298 (from Panama strain 298), both contain 49 kb to include a continuous 41.5-kb sequence that is apparently identical to pKAP30. The results indicate that the polynucleotide sequences of these plasmids are highly conserved and that the observed variations among them may be accounted for by transposable elements.
Heart failure–associated hospitalizations in the United States.

Objectives This study sought to characterize temporal trends in hospitalizations with heart failure as a primary or secondary diagnosis. Background Heart failure patients are frequently admitted for both heart failure and other causes. Methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), we evaluated trends in heart failure hospitalizations between 2001 and 2009. Hospitalizations were categorized as either primary or secondary heart failure hospitalizations based on the location of heart failure in the discharge diagnosis. National estimates were calculated using the sampling weights of the NIS. Age- and sex-standardized hospitalization rates were determined by dividing the number of hospitalizations by the U.S. population in a given year and using direct standardization. Results The number of primary heart failure hospitalizations in the United States decreased from 1,137,944 in 2001 to 1,086,685 in 2009, whereas secondary heart failure hospitalizations increased from 2,753,793 to 3,158,179 over the same period. Age- and sex-adjusted rates of primary heart failure hospitalizations decreased steadily from 2001 to 2009, from 566 to 468 per 100,000 people. Rates of secondary heart failure hospitalizations initially increased from 1,370 to 1,476 per 100,000 people from 2001 to 2006, then decreased to 1,359 per 100,000 people in 2009. Common primary diagnoses for secondary heart failure hospitalizations included pulmonary disease, renal failure, and infections. Conclusions Although primary heart failure hospitalizations declined, rates of hospitalizations with a secondary diagnosis of heart failure were stable in the past decade. Strategies to reduce the high burden of hospitalizations of heart failure patients should include consideration of both cardiac disease and noncardiac conditions.
NOx formation in stretched premixed flames established far from extinction

Abstract Numerical simulations of axisymmetric stretched premixed laminar twin flames burning methane in air are conducted in order to understand the formation of NO x . A previously developed chemical kinetic mechanism is employed after relevant simplification, the adopted scheme involving 27 gas-phase species and 224 elementary reaction steps. The results indicate that the peak concentration of NO declines with increasing strain rate, and with decreasing equivalence ratios. An interesting result is obtained, namely that if the NO concentration is observed as a function of temperature in the flame, at the same temperature the NO concentration is higher for slightly lean flames than for stoichiometric flames. As lean flames correspond to a lower peak temperature, the maximum NO concentration is always lower for lean flames than for those established under stoichiometric conditions. Similarly, as the stretch rate is increased, the NO concentration is observed to be higher at lower temperatures for flames established at a stretch rate of 500 s −1 as compared to those established at a stretch rate of 100 s −1 . The peak NO concentration falls with increasing stretch rates.
Adsorbate effects on the coulostatic-flash photothermal response of a mercury electrode

Abstract Coulostatic-flash irradiation of a mercury electrode with a pulsed laser source was used to characterize the effects of adsorbed species on photothermal phenomena. The dependence of the time-resolved, transient potential changes resulting from heating effects and photoemission on initial potential, laser intensity and wave length, and adsorbed compound was examined. It was found that certain compounds could be thermally desorbed by the laser pulse at potentials new their equilibrium desorption potential. Two of the compounds, Ru(bpy)3(2+) and Fe(bpy)3(2+), had their adsorbed structure disturbed at the highest intensities used.
An Assessment of the “Policy View” in Foreign Aid under Asymmetric Information

The policy view, which argues that foreign aid is effective only in a good policy environment, suggests that aid ought to be given to countries with good policies. This has generated a lot of interest and controversy. We argue that the key recommendation of the policy view runs contrary to other prescriptions, particularly those that arise under asymmetric information. Inefficiencies that derive from information problems often require that policy makers do not base the amount of foreign assistance on the recipient's policy effort. This suggests that donors should be cautious in applying the policy view. We also briefly discuss problems that are likely to emerge in estimating aid's productivity given policy in the light of potential information problems.
Scalp defects, polythelia, microcephaly, and developmental delay: A New syndrome with apparent autosomal dominant inheritance

We report a family with apparent autosomal dominant inheritance of scalp defects, polythelia, microcephaly, and developmental delay. A review of the literature revealed no previous report of this combination of anomalies. We conclude that these patients have a new autosomal dominant syndrome.
Predicting Success in a Smoking Control Program

Using 10 independent variables, several of which had previously been related to smoking behavior, a regression equation was derived to predict success in a smoking control program. Thirty-one subjects were divided into the main and cross-validation treatment groups. Both groups participated in four 2-hour sessions. Taken individually, none of the predictor variables discriminated between successful and unsuccessful subjects. The regression equation, based on the five best predictors, accurately predicted direction of change of smoking rate 87% of the time.
Is Anomalous Monism inconsistent after all

Dans le cadre du debat sur la validite logique du monisme anomal, l'A. montre que la defense de la position de D. Davidson fait apparaitre une triade inconsistante composee des trois theses suivantes : 1) le holisme et la normativite du mental; 2) le physicalisme des occurrences; 3) la survenance des proprietes mentales. L'A. conclut en montrant l'inconsistance et la non-justification du monisme anomal, quelque soit l'acceptation ou le rejet de la premiere these.
Finite-size and gravity effects on the thermal conductivity of4He near the λ line

This paper reviews the opportunities for microgravity and Earth-based measurements of the thermal conductivityλ(t, L) of4He confined in cylindrical geometries of radiusL with axial heat flow at temperatures near the bulk superfluid-transition lineT λ (P) (t is the reduced temperatureT/T λ −1). It provides an evaluation of existing data forL=1 µm nearT λ at saturated vapor pressure (SVP), and uses these to derive a scaling function for the resistivityR(t, L)=1/λ(t, L). The purpose of future measurements over a wide range ofL and of the pressureP will be to test the applicability of this function. In the present paper the scaling function is used to assess quantitatively the effect of gravity on potential Earth-based measurements. It is found that the gravity effect forR is particularly severe belowT λ . For typical three-mm-high samples at SVP, values ofL significantly larger than 8 µm can only be investigated fully in micro-gravity. At higher pressures the gravity effect is larger. At 30 bar, three-mm samples withL≳4 µm require microgravity for measurements belowT λ (P). Modern thermometry has sufficient resolution to permit quantitative measurements in micro-gravity of the anticipated finite-size effect for values ofL as large as 50 µm.
Heart rate and nictitating membrane classical discrimination conditioning in rabbits under delay versus trace procedures

Each of 32 Ss received I adaptation, 7 acquisition, and 2 extinction sessions in a 2 by 2 factorial design with delay and.25 sec trace procedures as one dimension and interstimulus intervals of.35 sec and 1.00 sec as the other. The chief findings were that: (a) heart rate (HR) responses conditioned more rapidly than nicitating membrane (NM) responses; (b) HR performance was directly related and NM performance inversely related to interstimulus interval; and (c) the trace procedure debilitated NM performance at the 1.00 sec interval
Palladium nanostructures from multi-component metallic glass

Abstract Dendritic palladium nanostructures are obtained from Ni 60 Pd 20 P 17 B 3 metallic glass by cyclic voltammetry in sulfuric acid. The length-scale and growth kinetics of the dendrites are dictated by the self-assembling template formed during electro-dissolution of the alloy constituents, but can alternatively be manipulated using the metallic glass in the form of a suitable nano-pattern template. The morphology evolution, surface chemistry, and electro-catalytic behavior of the dendrites are discussed. These branched palladium-rich dendrites show high activity for carbon monoxide and methanol oxidation in an alkaline medium, suggesting their potential use as high-performance catalysts in direct alcohol fuel cells.
RECOVERY OF BACTERIAL ENDOSPORES FROM A METAL SURFACE AFTER TREATMENT WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Spores of Bacillus cereus NRRL 3476 and of Clostridium sporogenes ATCC 7995 (PA 3679) were inoculated onto stainless steel surfaces. After the spores had dried on the surface, the surface and spores were exposed to 9.2% hydrogen peroxide for sufficient time to achieve a two-log reduction in the number of viable cells. The number of surviving spores was determined by pouring the agar media directly onto the stainless steel surface and incubating for appropriate lengths of time. When spores of B. cereus or PA 3679 were treated with hydrogen peroxide, their recovery was enhanced if the pH of the recovery medium was adjusted to pH 7.3. Further increase in recovery occurred if 0.5% soluble starch was added to the recovery medium for B. cereus and if 5 μM of glutathione/ml was added to the recovery medium of PA 3679. Temperatures of incubation in the range of 28-36°C had no influence on recovery.
Differentially projecting cells in individual layers of the auditory cortex: a double-labeling study.

The connections of cells in layers V and VI of the cat's auditory cortex were studied using a novel double-labeling technique. It is known that the cells in each of these layers give rise to at least two distinct sets of connections. However, it is not known if an individual neuron in either layer projects to more than one site. No double-labeled cells were found in these experiments, suggesting that the dual projections of layers V and VI arise from separate populations of neurons within each layer.
Senior Adults in the Undergraduate Classroom.

This paper will discuss the role played by senior adults in an undergraduate class, “Social Work Practice with the Aging,” transactions occurring between senior adults and students, and how the class evolved to its present format. Also, a review of the literature regarding senior adults in higher education and the intergenerational classroom is provided. An evaluation of the approach described is included, illustrated with anecdotal material provided by participants.
Crown ethers in inorganic chemistry. Preparation of monohalide derivatives of manganese carbonyl

Abstract The anions ax-Mn 2 (CO) 9 X − (X = F, Cl, Br, 1), in association with cations consisting of crown ethers and potassium ions, have been prepared photochemically. The infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectra have been recorded; the σ→σ * electronic transition has been assigned.
Kriging and univariate modeling of a spatially correlated data

Abstract In soil science research, it is a common practice to analyze spatially correlated data sets of limited sample size. From another piont of view, even when a large data set is available the statistical techniques of analyzing spatially correlated data, such as Kriging, may not utilize the entire data set in fitting a model due to computational limitations. Of course, a model obtained by using only a portion of the data may not adequately describe the variation. In this study cover-clay thickness data collected over an area on a regular square grid were used to determine the nature of the spatial variability. After spatial semi-variances were calculated punctual and block Kriging were applied to the data. To utilize the entire data set in applying time series statistical techniques the two-dimensional data is transformed into a univariate space series by marching through the data from the northwest corner to the southeast corner of the field. Autoregressive integrated moving average and state-space models, which are new in soil science research, were subsequently used to model the spatial variation. Although the data manifests strong variation, the simple univariate models adequately describe the spatial variations. The univariate estimates are also consistent with Kriging estimates. Residual analysis and jack-knifing demonstrated the adequacy of the models. The simplicity and adequacy of autoregressive integrated moving average and state-space models as applied to cover-clay thickness data demonstrate the potential applicability of these models to soil data. The application of the three models to cover-clay thickness data is discussed.
Consistent analysis of gamma-ray astronomy experiments

Abstract A general procedure is proposed for analyzing and reporting results of gamma-ray astronomy experiments. A single set of variables is to be used for all types of experiments, to allow unambiguous comparison of instruments and results. Upper (or lower) limits to the number of counts from a source are obtained from a likelihood function. The upper limits from this method are often larger than those obtained by approximate methods previously used. An effective efficiency of detection, compensating the flux value or limit for the steep slope of the background spectrum, decouples the significance of the result from the energy threshold quoted. The observed intensity of background gamma radiation should also be reported, and source fluxes expressed as ratios to the background at the given atmospheric depth, as well as in photons (cm 2 ·sec) −1 .
Cooperative host/guest interactions via counterion assisted chelation: Pseudorotaxanes from supramolecular cryptands

Addition of di- or tritopic hydrogen bond accepting anions to solutions of bis(5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10 and paraquat di(hexafluorophosphate) serves to enhance host/guest interaction. In particular, addition of Et4N+CF3COO- effectively boosts Ka 14-fold, as estimated by 1H NMR studies. Similar increases in apparent Ka values are observed upon addition of n-Bu4N+OTs-. Evidenced by crystal structures, the increased association results from chelation of the OH moieties of the crown by the di- or tritopic anions, forming supramolecular bicyclic macrocycles and stabilizing the complex in a cooperative manner.
The presidency of Franklin Pierce

Franklin Pierce was one of the least known, least liked, and least successful presidents in American history. In this new study of his administration, historian Larry Gara makes no attempt to revive Pierce's reputation. Instead he provides a clear analysis of Pierce's shortcomings as well as his few successes. Franklin Pierce's administration (1853-1857) spanned a turbulent period in the life of the nation: North-South polarization reached new extremes due, in part, to Pierce's failure to understand the depth of Free Soil sentiment in the North; the Kansas-Nebraska Act and its aftermath made civil war likely, if not inevitable; and Pierce's apology for southern actions served only to widen the rift. The term "Bleeding Kansas" came to symbolize the failures of Pierce's administration. Pierce's few achievements were in the realm of foreign policy. In fact, Gara points out, the Pierce years were an important chapter in the history of American imperialisma time when Japan was opened to the West, U.S. trade in Central America and Asia was expanded, and additional land was acquired from Mexico. Pierce also initiated discussions on acquiring Alaska, the Hawaiian Islands, Nicaragua, Formosa, the Dominican Republic, the guano islands of the Pacific, and Cuba. In this twenty-fourth volume of the "American Presidency Series," Gara provides a clear, tough-minded analysis of the Pierce administration and a fair, though generally negative, assessment the man and the president.
Characterization of Chironomidae (Diptera) surface-floating pupal exuviae sample sort time from coastal tropical aquatic systems

Many studies either ignore chironomids or only identify specimens to subfamily or tribe due to the associated difficulty and high cost with processing and identifying larvae. An efficient form of sampling chironomids involves collections of surface-floating pupal exuviae (SFPE). SFPE sample sorting has been shown to be more time efficient than traditional dip-net methods in temperate urban and peri-urban streams. However, no published studies have tested the time efficiency of SFPE sample sorting from coastal tropical aquatic systems. We calculated sort times for SFPE samples collected from a coastal tropical stream and an estuary and used multiple linear regression analysis to quantify the relationship between sample sort time and number of specimens, average body length of specimens, and dry weight of sample residue. The average amount of time required to sort very small samples was 69.3 min, while moderate samples averaged 85.6 min and large samples averaged 153.5 min. However, on average, small samples were nine times more time consuming per specimen than large samples. Additionally, dry weight of small-sized residue and the number of specimens contributed significantly to sort time. Therefore, we recommend collecting larger samples, which can be achieved by sampling for 20 min over 200-m reaches for stream sites and 500- to 1,000-m reaches for riverine and estuarine sites. Also, we suggest collecting during periods of low wave action and disturbance by boat wake to reduce the amount of sample residue. This research will enhance project planning and budgeting of future studies using the SFPE method to monitor coastal tropical aquatic systems.
CA resist with high sensitivity and sub-100-nm resolution for advanced mask and device making

Recently, there is significant interest in using CA resists for electron beam (E-Beam) applications including mask making, direct write, and projection printing. CA resists provide superior lithographic performance in comparison to traditional non CA E-beam resists in particular high contrast, resolution, and sensitivity. However, most of the commercially available CA resists have the concern of airborne base contaminants and sensitivity to PAB and/or PEB temperatures. In this presentation, we will discuss a new improved ketal resist system referred to as KRS-XE which exhibits excellent lithography, is robust toward airborne base, compatible with 0.263 N TMAH aqueous developer and exhibits a large PAB/PEB latitude. With the combination of a high performance mask making E-beam exposure tool, high kV (75 kV) shaped beam system EL4+ and the KRS-XE resist, we have printed 75 nm lines/space features with excellent profile control at a dose of 13 (mu) C/cm2 at 75 kV. The shaped beam vector scan system used here provides an unique property in resolving small features in lithography and throughput. Overhead in EL4+ limits the systems ability to fully exploit the sensitivity of the new resist for throughput. The EL5 system, currently in the build phase, has sufficiently low overhead that it is projected to print a 4X, 16G, DRAM mask with OPC in under 3 hours with the CA resist. We will discuss the throughput advantages of the next generation EL5 system over the existing EL4+. In addition we will show the resolution of KRS-XE down to 70 nm using the PREVAIL projection printing system.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Semiautomatic analysis of serum triglycerides and cholesteryl esters by infrared absorption

An instrument has been developed for the semiautomatic analysis of mixtures of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. The method is based on high-resolution infrared spectrophotometry, and has previously been shown to be applicable to the determination of these components in the nonionic fraction of human serum lipids. A simple nonrecording grating spectrophotometer has been suitably modified to carry out this analysis; and appropriate computing circuitry has been coupled with it for performing the two-component calculation. The supplementary electronics consist of operational amplifiers, a logarithmic conversion circuit, a digital voltmeter, and a printer. Automatic operation is accomplished by a control mechanism, which programs the measurements, the steps in the calculations, and print-out of the results. Sample preparation consists of an extraction of lipids from serum in such a way as to exelude phospholipids. This may be done in a single step, although a two-step procedure—total lipid extraction followed by adsorption separation of the phospholipids—appears to be more reliable. Measurements are made on a solution of the neutral lipid fraction in carbon tetrachloride.
Twenty-five year outcome of sequential abdominal radiotherapy and melphalan:implications for future management of epithelial carcinoma of the ovary.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of the present study is evaluation of the long-term efficacy of sequential abdominopelvic radiotherapy and melphalan in the management of ovarian carcinoma. Methods. From 1970 to 1976, 94 women with stages I–III epithelial ovarian carcinoma enrolled in a prospective nonrandomized clinical trial were prescribed 20 Gy to the upper abdomen and 50 Gy to the pelvis followed by courses of melphalan (1 mg/kg/course). Primary endpoints were survival, recurrence, and toxicity. Results. There were 19 stage I, 25 stage II, and 50 stage III patients. For all stages, overall survival was 42% at 5 years, 30% at 10 years, and 17% at 25 years. Median follow-up of the survivors was 24 years. Disease-free survival was 48% at 5 years and remained at 45% from 10 to 25 years. All but two recurrences occurred within the first 27 months. No recurrence or treatment-related death occurred after 8 years. No recurrence was salvaged. All but one initial recurrence was within the peritoneal cavity. Of the 31 patients undergoing a second-look surgical procedure, 84% were free of tumor. Only 8% of patients recurred after a negative second look. Stage and the presence of palpable postoperative disease were significant prognostic factors. Disease-free survivals were 95% from 5 to 25 years for stage I, 70% at 5 years and 60% at 25 years for stage II, and 20% from 5 to 25 years for stage III ( P Conclusions. The long-term disease-free survival obtained with abdominopelvic radiotherapy followed by single alkylating agent chemotherapy has not been exceeded by three subsequent decades of multiagent chemotherapy trials. Abdominal radiotherapy may be useful to consolidate complete responses following therapy multiagent chemotherapy, particularly with the upper abdominal dose escalation provided by intensity modulated radiation therapy and possibly in conjunction with chemotherapy.
A Reduced-Order Electrochemical Model of Lithium-Ion Cells for System Identification of Battery Aging

Lithium-ion batteries continue to garner interest as an energy storage system in stationary and vehicular applications. Considerable research effort is currently devoted to investigating the physical and chemical phenomena leading to aging, namely internal resistance growth and capacity fade. This paper presents a reduced-order model that characterizes the dynamic behavior of a Lithium-ion battery cell. The model is derived from the governing electrochemical principles and is applied to a Li-ion cell based upon a natural graphite negative electrode and iron phosphate positive electrode. The paper describes the modeling approach and equations, followed by a validation with experimental data. A sensitivity analysis is then conducted to investigate the influence of the model parameters on the cell internal resistance and capacity. The results of this study allows one to identify a subset of model parameters that may evolve throughout the battery’s life, providing guidance towards establishing which parameter trajectories must be quantified as batteries age.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A new technique for backscattering analysis

A new technique for analyzing Rutherford backscattering spectra is suggested. By determining the ratio of the range of a particle of energy E, to that of a particle whose energy is a fraction of E, two basic integral equations are converted into a pair of linear equations that are easy to solve and manipulate. The applicability of this formalism is demonstrated by using it to measure the stopping power of gold for alpha particles with energies 1.2, 2.2, 3.7, 5.2, and 7.1 MeV. 4 references.
Structural and magnetic properties of DyFe3 hydrides

Abstract The ternary hydride phases DyFe 3 H x (with x = 1.7, 2.5 and 4.2) all retain the PuNi 3 rhombohedral structure of DyFe 3 , with a maximum volume expansion of 18% for DyFe 3 H 4.2 . All the phases show a preferential expansion parallel to the c 0 axis. From bulk magnetization measurements the DyFe moment compensation temperature is found to decrease linearly, from 545 K for DyFe 3 to 150 K for DyFe 3 H 4.2 , with increasing volume of the hydride phases. The 161 Dy Mossbauer results for the two dysprosium sites in the structure indicate that a slight reduction occurs in the free-ion moment found for DyFe 3 in all the hydride phases. In addition, the 57 Fe Mossbauer data show that the average iron moment for the five inequivalent iron sites increases with hydrogen concentration up to x = 2.5. These trends in the local moments indicate that the variation in the compensation temperature, which is related to the Dy-Fe exchange, is associated with lattice expansion effects due to the presence of hydrogen.
Quantitative MR in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the apparently uninvolved cerebral white matter between demyelinated plaques may have biochemical abnormalities. To what degree the changes in the white matter contribute to symptomatology in MS is unknown. In 39 patients with multiple sclerosis, and in 39 age-matched nondiseased volunteers, T1 and T2 were calculated from spin-echo images in four regions of apparently uninvolved white matter. In three of four white matter areas, the average T1 and T2 were significantly longer in the patients than in the controls. The T1 correlated with the disability, measured by the Kurtzke Extended Disability Status Scale, although the correlation was marginally significant. The results suggest that in patients with MS, white matter disease that is not visualized in MR as distinct foci of abnormal signal intensity may contribute to disease burden and disability.
Pediatric renovascular hypertension: 132 primary and 30 secondary operations in 97 children

Purpose This study was undertaken to characterize the contemporary surgical treatment of pediatric renovascular hypertension. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of 97 consecutive pediatric patients (39 girls, 58 boys), aged from 3 months to 17 years, who underwent operation at the University of Michigan from 1963 to 2006. All but one patient had refractory hypertension not responsive to contemporary medical therapy. Developmental renal artery stenoses accounted for 80% of the renal artery disease, with inflammatory and other ill-defined stenoses encountered less frequently. Splanchnic arterial occlusive lesions affected 24% and abdominal aortic coarctations, 33%. Results Primary renal artery operations were undertaken 132 times. Procedures included resection beyond the stenosis and implantation into the aorta in 49, renal artery in 7, or superior mesenteric artery in 3; aortorenal and iliorenal bypasses with vein or iliac artery grafts in 40; focal arterioplasty in 10; resection with reanastomosis in 4; operative dilation in 4; splenorenal bypass in 2; and primary nephrectomy in 13 when arterial reconstructions proved impossible. Bilateral renal operations were done in 34 children, and 17 underwent celiac or superior mesenteric arterial reconstructions, including 15 at the time of the renal operation. Thirty patients underwent abdominal aortic reconstructions with patch aortoplasty (n = 19) or thoracoabdominal bypass (n = 11). Twenty-five of the aortic procedures were performed coincidently with the renal operations. Thirty secondary renal artery procedures were done in 19 patients, including nine nephrectomies. Hypertension was cured in 68 children (70%), improved in 26 (27%), and was unchanged in three (3%). Follow-up averaged 4.2 years. No patients required dialysis, and there were no operative deaths. Conclusion Contemporary surgical treatment of pediatric renovascular hypertension emphasizes direct aortic implantation of the normal renal artery beyond its stenosis and single-staged concomitant splanchnic and aortic reconstructions when necessary. Benefits accompany carefully executed operative procedures in 97% of these children.
New insights into the pathogenesis and detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in persons of all ages and may be responsible for up to 40% of community-acquired pneumonias. A wide array of extrapulmonary events may accompany the infections caused by this organism, related to autommunity or direct spread. This review includes a discussion of the latest knowledge concerning the molecular pathological basis of mycoplasmal respiratory disease, how the organism interacts with the host immune system and its association with the development of chronic conditions such as asthma, recent emergence of macrolide resistance and the status of laboratory diagnostic methods.
Oxygen transport by blood in relation to body size.

AN understanding of the mechanisms of oxygen transport in mammals requires a knowledge of the rate of oxygen consumption (which represents the quantity of oxygen transported), the arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference (which expresses the amount of oxygen delivered per unit of circulatory load), and the oxygen tension in mixed venous blood (which expresses the “activity” of oxygen in capillary blood). These factors have previously been compared in resting, unanaesthetized sheep and humans and a striking similarity of all three measurements was noted despite great species differences in blood haemoglobin concentration and oxygen affinity1.
Anti-B cell autoantibodies encoded by VH 4–21 genes in human fetal spleen do not require in vivo somatic selection

We isolated immunoglobulin (Ig) VH4 genes that were rearranged in the genomic DNA of 160 day human fetal spleen. Productively rearranged VH 4-21 genes were cloned into pRTM1, a human IgM expression vector. This allowed us to generate IgM kappa-expressing transfectomas by co-transfecting each of these constructs with pSVG-V kappa 3, an Ig kappa light-chain expression vector that has a variable region encoded Humkv325, a conserved V kappa gene that is frequently expressed early B cell ontogeny. We find that all transfectomas expressing IgM kappa encoded by VH 4-21 make IgM autoantibodies reactive with i, a linear poly-N-acetyllactosamine determinant present on neonatal red blood cells and a B cell-restricted isoform of the CD45 surface molecule. In contrast, a transfectoma expressing pSVG-V kappa 3 and pRTM1 containing a rearranged VH4-59 (V71-4) gene isolated from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cell population, designated WIL, produced IgM kappa antibodies that had no detectable anti-i binding activity. However, transfectomas expressing VH 4-21 fused onto the Ig heavy-chain third complementarity determining region (CDR3) of WIL are found to make anti-B cell autoantibodies with anti-i activity. These studies indicate that VH 4-21 genes rearranged in human fetal B cell ontogeny can encode anti-B cell autoantibodies with a binding specificity that does not require in vivo somatic selection.
Multiple emission in mixed ligand metal chelates

Abstract Absorption and emission spectra, lifetimes and quantum yields are reported for mixed ligand chelates of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-dipyridyl of Rh(III). The mixed ligand complexes, [Rh(phen) 2 (dip)]Cl 3 and [Rh(dip) 2 (phen)]Cl 3 , are found to possess more than one phosphorescence emission pathway. Each ring system is found to emit with a characteristic spectrum and lifetime. Energy transfer between ligands in the triplet state is noted and a rate constant for this process calculated. Quantum yield variations with excitation wavelength are rationalized. A localized exciton model is proposed for the multiple emission phenomena.
Biology of Eutetranychus Banksi: Life Tables on ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit Leaves at Different Temperatures (Acari: Tetranychidae)

ABSTRACT Females of Eutetranychus banksi (McGregor) developed from egg to adult in 29.6, 17.2, 13.1, 11.6, 11.7 and 9.6 days compared to 27.7, 16.4, 12.0, 10.1, 10.8 and 8.5 days for males at 15, 20, 25, 28, 30 and 32°C. Developmental times were significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two sexes at each temperature. Mites were reared on whole leaf arenas of Citrus paradisi Macf. in environmental chambers illuminated 12:12 LD. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.066, 0.123, 0.179, 0.210, 0.224 and 0.190 at 15, 20, 25, 28, 30 and 32°C. Sex ratio was strongly biased toward females (< 80%) between 20 and 30°C and declined to 68% at 15°C and 61% at 32°C. The maximum net reproductive rate (R0) was 31.26 at 28°C followed by 26.06 at 30°C and 25.29 at 25°C. Eutetranychus banksi appears to have a higher intrinsic rate of increase between 28-30°C compared to published data for Panonychus citri (McGregor).
NCSWT: An integrated modeling and simulation tool for networked control systems

Abstract Networked Control Systems (NCS) are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in a growing number of applications, such as groups of unmanned aerial vehicles and industrial control systems. The evaluation of NCS properties such as stability and performance is very important given that these systems are typically deployed in critical settings. This paper presents the Networked Control Systems Wind Tunnel (NCSWT), an integrated modeling and simulation tool for the evaluation of Networked Control Systems (NCS). NCSWT integrates Matlab/Simulink and ns-2 for modeling and simulation of NCS using the High Level Architecture (HLA) standard. The tool is composed of two parts, the design-time models and the run-time components. The design-time models use Model Integrated Computing (MIC) to define HLA-based model constructs such as federates representing the simulators and interactions representing the communication between the simulators. MIC techniques facilitate the modeling and design of complex systems by using abstractions defined in domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs) to describe the systems. The design-time models represent the control system dynamics and networking system behaviors in order to facilitate the run-time simulation of a NCS. The run-time components represent the main software components and interfaces for the actual realization of a NCS simulation using the HLA framework. Our implementation of the NCSWT based on HLA guarantees accurate time synchronization and data communication. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the tool as well as evaluate the impact of network effects on NCS.
Correlates of underutilization of colorectal cancer screening among U.S. adults, age 50 years and older.

Abstract Background. Although effective screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) exists, only 37% of incident CRC are diagnosed at a localized stage at which treatment is effective. We identified demographic and other characteristics of adults (≧50 years old) who reported no CRC screening. Methods. We calculated the prevalence of never having had a fecal occult blood test and/or a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy by age, sex, and other factors using the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Results. CRC screening tests were underutilized across all segments of the population. Underutilization was highest in persons aged 50–64 years and those with lower education and a lack of health insurance and preventive services. Conclusions. The data indicate that large proportions of average-risk adults across various sociodemographics and behavioral factors are not utilizing recommended CRC screening tests. There is a need to increase the awareness of the importance of utilizing effective CRC screening tests for the early detection of colorectal cancers.
America's first English-speaking medical schools.

America's first English-speaking medical schools were not on the horizon when medical education began to flourish in sixteenth century European cities such as Padua, Leyden, and London [1, 2]. Befo...
Relativistic all-order many-body calculations of the n=1 and n=2 states of heliumlike ions

An all-order procedure is used to determine the energies of the n=1 and n=2 states of heliumlike ions with nuclear charges in the range Z=3--100. The Coulomb energies and wave functions are obtained from a no-pair Hamiltonian by an iterative scheme that sums all orders of many-body perturbation theory. The Breit energy is determined by taking the expectation value of the instantaneous Breit Hamiltonian between the Coulomb wave functions. Corrections for the frequency dependence of the Breit interaction and for two Breit interactions are included. Quantum-electrodynamic and mass-polarization corrections are taken from Drake's unified method [Can. J. Phys. 66, 586 (1988)]. The resulting energies are complete through order (Z\ensuremath{\alpha}${)}^{3}$ a.u. and include new terms of order (Z\ensuremath{\alpha}${)}^{4}$ a.u. Comparisons are made with experiment and with recent configuration-interaction calculations.
The nuclear car wash: A system to detect nuclear weapons in commercial cargo shipments

Abstract A concept for detecting the presence of special nuclear material (235U or 239Pu) concealed in intermodal cargo containers has been developed, studied, and recent performance results are described. It is based on interrogation with a pulsed beam of 3–7 MeV neutrons that produce fission events and subsequent detection of their β-delayed neutron emission or β-delayed high-energy γ-radiation reveals the presence of fissionable material. Fission product β-delayed γ-rays above 3 MeV are nearly 10 times more abundant than β-delayed neutrons and are distinct from natural radioactivity and from nearly all of the induced activity in a normal cargo. Detector backgrounds and potential interferences with the fission signature radiation have been identified and quantified. Their impact on detection sensitivity is relatively minor and can be addressed readily. Components of a simple laboratory prototype have been assembled, tested with the most challenging cargo threat scenarios, and results compared to computer simulations. Preliminary results will be presented.
A description of student behavior: Verbal and nonverbal

(1971). A description of student behavior: Verbal and nonverbal. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 10, The Challenge of Nonverbal Awareness, pp. 276-281.