cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fitting an equation to vertical density profile data using Fourier analysis

This paper describes the application of the Fourier analysis to fit a mathematical expression to the vertical density profile data of flakeboard. This was achieved first by performing the Fourier transform of the density profile data, and then by synthesizing the mathematical equation in the form of cosines based on the transform output. Two sets of density profile data were used in this analysis, and a good fit of the vertical density profile was obtained for each case.
Statistical word learning in children with autism spectrum disorder and specific language impairment.

Background Word learning is an important component of language development that influences child outcomes across multiple domains. Despite the importance of word knowledge, word-learning mechanisms are poorly understood in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined underlying mechanisms of word learning, specifically, statistical learning and fast-mapping, in school-aged children with typical and atypical development. Methods Statistical learning was assessed through a word segmentation task and fast-mapping was examined in an object-label association task. We also examined children's ability to map meaning onto newly segmented words in a third task that combined exposure to an artificial language and a fast-mapping task. Results Children with SLI had poorer performance on the word segmentation and fast-mapping tasks relative to the typically developing and ASD groups, who did not differ from one another. However, when children with SLI were exposed to an artificial language with phonemes used in the subsequent fast-mapping task, they successfully learned more words than in the isolated fast-mapping task. There was some evidence that word segmentation abilities are associated with word learning in school-aged children with typical development and ASD, but not SLI. Follow-up analyses also examined performance in children with ASD who did and did not have a language impairment. Children with ASD with language impairment evidenced intact statistical learning abilities, but subtle weaknesses in fast-mapping abilities. Conclusions As the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH) predicts, children with SLI have impairments in statistical learning. However, children with SLI also have impairments in fast-mapping. Nonetheless, they are able to take advantage of additional phonological exposure to boost subsequent word-learning performance. In contrast to the PDH, children with ASD appear to have intact statistical learning, regardless of language status; however, fast-mapping abilities differ according to broader language skills.
Multimodel Strategies Under Random Disturbances and Imperfect Partial Observations

Abstract Multimodel stategies in which control agents use different simplified models of the same system are studied for interconnected systems with slow and fast dynamics. The well-posedness of multimodel strategies in the presence of random disturbances and imperfect partial observations is established by studying an LOG control problem. The study reveals that for the well-posedness of multimodel strategies control agents need to communicate their observations and decisions. The need to communicate decisions does not arise when all agents use the same overall model to compute the optimal control.
Structural DNA Nanotechnology

Structural DNA Nanotechnology uses unusual DNA motifs to build target shapes and arrangements. These unusual motifs are generated by reciprocal exchange of DNA backbones, leading to branched systems with many strands and multiple helical domains. The motifs may be combined by sticky ended cohesion, involving hydrogen bonding or covalent interactions. Other forms of cohesion involve edge-sharing or paranemic interactions of double helices. A large number of individual species have been developed by this approach, including polyhedral catenanes, such as a cube and a truncated octahedron, a variety of single-stranded knots, and Borromean rings. In addition to these static species, DNA-based nanomechanical devices have been produced that are targeted ultimately to lead to nanorobotics. Many of the key goals of structural DNA nanotechnology entail the use of periodic arrays. A variety of 2D DNA arrays have been produced with tunable features, such as patterns and cavities. DNA molecules have be used successfully in DNA-based computation as molecular representations of Wang tiles, whose self-assembly can be programmed to perform a calculation. The area appears to be at the cusp of a truly exciting explosion of applications, which can be expected to occur by the end of the current decade.
Percent Gleason pattern 4 in stratifying the prognosis of patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer

The Gleason score remains the most reliable prognosticator in men with prostate cancer. One of the recent important modifications in the Gleason grading system recommended from the International Society of Urological Pathology consensus conference is recording the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 in the pathology reports of prostate needle biopsy and radical prostatectomy cases with Gleason score 7 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Limited data have indeed suggested that the percent Gleason pattern 4 contributes to stratifying the prognosis of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy. An additional obvious benefit of reporting percent pattern 4 includes providing critical information for treatment decisions. This review summarizes and discusses available studies assessing the utility of the percentage of Gleason pattern 4 in the management of prostate cancer patients.
Engines of liberation redux when home appliances prices are endogenous

We propose a model of the household where the transmission mechanism between home appliances and women’s labor supply is identical to the one in Greenwood et al. (2005b) with one important exception. We explicitly model firms’ pricing and output choices in the appliances sector and thus, the price of home appliances is determined endogenously by the laws of supply and demand rather than being taken exogenously from outside the model. We use this new framework to characterize the general equilibrium effects of rising household wages on the price of home appliances, and thus ultimately women’s labor supply. The ratio between the price of home appliances and household wages declines following a rise in the wage level, which leads to widespread adoption of home appliances and increased labor force participation of married women. A numerical example shows that rising wages account for half of the increase in participation of married women between 1960 and 1970.
Operationalisation of Various Conceptions of the Emic-Etic Distinction

In a recently presented paper (Starr, 1984) the author examined various conceptions of the emic-etic distinction. The analysis laid bare various problems with some of these distinctions and discussed the inter-relationships among them. The examination also seemed to imply several major difficulties with attempts at measuring these various conceptions. The distinctions, in many cases, embody important epistemological concerns. Some of these concerns await clear concretisation in method. The measurement difficulties anticipated suggest that some of the attempts at making the issues concrete may be expected to fall short of the mark.
Experiential Learning for Engineering Technology Students in 21st Century

Experiential Learning (EL) is a philosophy in which educators purposefully engage learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to maximize learning, increase knowledge, and develop skills. Based on the learning cycle proposed by Lewin and the philosophy of Dewey, in that each experience builds upon previous experiences and influences the way future experiences will affect the learner, Kolb[1] developed the experiential learning model to describe the learning process. The four stages of the model are: Concrete Experience, Reflective Observation, Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation. This model shows how theory, concrete experience, reflection and active experimentation can be brought together to produce richer learning than any of these elements can on its own. The College of Engineering and Applied Science did not implement the Kolb model fully due to insufficient resources. Therefore, only the first two of the four stages were used. Many avenues of concrete experiential learning exist for the students in the engineering technology programs at the University of Cincinnati, such as co-op, service learning, global study programs, field projects, academic research, etc. This paper gives a description of the experiential learning of students at the University of Cincinnati in the areas of global study, honors program and undergraduate research. Two faculty members in Mechanical Engineering Technology from the College of Engineering and Applied Science were involved in these experiences. Their experiences, along with student reflections, are discussed in the paper.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Reported Problems in Emotionally Disturbed and Normal Adolescents

Grade-appropriate forms of the Mooney Problem Check List were administered to 93 hospitalized, emotionally disturbed adolescents and to 273 control students from local public schools. Factorial ana...
Paracentesis Simulation: A Comprehensive Approach to Procedural Education.

Introduction Structured procedural education and assessment of competency are growing needs for residency and fellowship programs. Simulation is a useful way to learn, experience, and practice proc...
Customized electronic alerts to boost pneumococcal vaccinations in high risk cancer patients.

e18227Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of serious illness, including bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia among adults in the United States. Approximately 10% of all pa...
Heterogeneous impacts of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program on food insecurity

Abstract We study the effects of SNAP participation on food insecurity allowing for a priori unspecified heterogeneous treatment effects. Using finite mixture models, we identify a low food security class comprising almost 60% of the samples for whom SNAP participation increases the probability of no food insecurity by 14–37 percentage points across specifications and decreases the probability of very high insecurity by 14–35 percentage points. We find that SNAP participation has a small and statistically insignificant effect on food insecurity for the remaining 40% of the population. By examining posterior probabilities of class membership, we discover that individuals in the latter class are less likely to report unmet food needs and live in larger households where more consumption smoothing may be possible.
Participant and Program Characteristics: Correlates of Substance Abuse Treatment Participation and Prison Misconducts:

Despite the prevalence of substance dependence in incarcerated populations and the correlation between substance use and crime, only 11% receive substance abuse treatment, even as treatment partici...
Outpatient intravenous sotalol load to replace 3-day admission oral sotalol load

Atrial arrhythmias, such as intraatrial reentrant tachycardia (IART) or atrial fibrillation, are commonly seen in older adults and in those with palliated congenital heart disease. With appropriate monitoring, especially at the time of initiation, sotalol can be a safe and effective medication to treat atrial arrhythmias.1 Unfortunately, owing to its proarrhythmia risk, sotalol initiation typically requires a 3-day hospitalization to monitor for significant QT lengthening or arrhythmias. Intravenous (IV) sotalol has been approved for the acute treatment of arrhythmias, for the replacement of oral sotalol in those who are unable to take oral medication, and for recurrent atrial arrhythmias. Although IV sotalol is not currently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to replace an oral sotalol load, the IV formulation rapidly reaches a steady state, potentially allowing patients to transition quickly to oral dosing at a therapeutic steady state. This novel IV sotalol load could decrease the length of hospital admission, decrease overall admission cost, and improve patient satisfaction. We describe the first use of a single-dose IV sotalol load with an outpatient observation period to replace the multiple-day oral sotalol load admission. This was completed in an adult with congenital heart disease, a history of recurrent atrial arrhythmias, and psychiatric comorbidities.
Ultrasonically Sculpted Virtual Optical Patterns for Imaging and Photostimulation in Brain Tissue

Optical imaging and photostimulation have been widely used in biological and medical applications. Penetration of light is limited by the scattering and absorption in tissue. Moreover, studying neural circuits using optogenetics to identify and isolate specific pathways and projections requires individual or simultaneous stimulation of multiple regions within the brain, which is not easily possible using existing optrodes. Here, we present a novel technique for guiding and steering of light deep in scattering tissue using non-invasive ultrasound. We show that a tunable virtual optical graded-index (GRIN) lens can be sculpted in tissue by using reconfigurable ultrasonic interference patterns, enabling bidirectional light delivery without implanting any physical light guide. The interaction of ultrasound and light is mediated through the tissue itself. We show that the ultrasonically sculpted tunable GRIN lenses can be used for light delivery as well as relaying images of the underlying structures within tissue, thus providing a noninvasive alternative for invasive implantable endoscopes. Using a custom-designed cylindrical ultrasonic array, complex patterns of light can be sculpted in the medium, including dipole and quadrupole shapes for multisite illumination. Finally, we demonstrate that this technique can be used to define spatial patterns of light to selectively target neurons in a mouse brain slice.
Frameworks for understanding the politics of social movements

AbstractThis article has three primary goals centring on a re-examination of the research frameworks we use for understanding the politics of social movements. First, I detail the ideological and methodological deficiencies of the old social movement/new social movement framework. Second, I highlight the positive contributions of research that favoured or in some way promoted one side in the debate over old and new social movements. Third, I elaborate what I consider to be the major challenges which new forms of social movement organising pose for adult education research interested in advancing social justice.
Assessment of Liquefaction Potential Index Using Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches – A Case Study

Based on in situ tests results, the deterministic approaches express the soil liquefaction potential in terms of safety factor and the probabilistic approaches define it in terms of probability of liquefaction. The developed methods for soil liquefaction evaluation predict the behavior of a soil element. However, the liquefaction potential index (LPI) evaluates the performance of the entire soil column and allows a measurement of the severity of liquefaction. In this paper, the liquefaction potential is used in conjunction with deterministic approach and reliability based probabilistic approach using SPT and CPT results. A site located to the north of Beirut where the soil investigation consisted of a total of sixteen boreholes with continuous coring and standard penetration test every 1.5 m of depth and thirty-three boreholes with cone penetration test is subjected to liquefaction potential study. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) is calculated at each borehole location from the obtained safety factor or the calculated probability of liquefaction. Spatial distribution of soil liquefaction potential is presented in form of contours maps of the (LPI) values for each considered method. The results show that the evaluation of LPI using the reliability based probabilistic approach and the CPT results is a more conservative method giving larger area with LPI values higher than 15.
Virginia Gordon: Developing Academic Advisors Through Theory-Based Intentional Training

Virginia Gordon contributed considerable and comprehensive work in the field of academic advising, including writings on topics ranging from the history of academic advising to her groundbreaking r...
Payments for outpatient joint replacement surgery: A comparison of hospital outpatient departments and ambulatory surgery centers.

Objective To compare commercial insurance payments for outpatient total knee and hip replacement surgeries performed in hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs) and in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). Data sources A large national claims database that contains information on actual prices paid to providers over the period 2014-2017. Data collection We identified all patients receiving total knee replacement surgery and total hip replacement surgery in HOPDs and in ASCs for each of the 4 years. Study design For each year, we conducted descriptive and statistical patient-level analyses of the facility component of payments to HOPDs and to ASCs. Principal findings For each procedure and for each year, ASC payments exceeded HOPD payments by a wide margin; however, the gap across settings declined over time. In 2014, knee replacement payments to HOPDs (n = 67) were $6016 compared to $23 244 in ASCs (n = 68). By 2017, payments to HOPDs (n = 223) had grown to $10 060 compared to $18 234 in ASCs (n = 602). Similarly, for hip replacements, HOPD payments (n = 43) rose from $6980 in 2014 to $11 139 in 2017 (n = 206) and in ASCs fell from $28 485 in 2014 (n = 82) to $18 595 in 2017 (n = 465). Conclusions Results suggest that for total joint replacement, common perceptions of cost savings from transition of services from hospitals to ASCs may be misguided.
Developmental spaces? Developmental Psychology and urban geographies of youth in sub-Saharan Africa

While urban geographies play a critical role in shaping youth development, existing literature has focused primarily on the ways in which young people use, navigate and shape cities. This has overl...
The USDA-ARS Ag100Pest Initiative: High-Quality Genome Assemblies for Agricultural Pest Arthropod Research

The phylum Arthropoda includes species crucial for ecosystem stability, soil health, crop production, and others that present obstacles to crop and animal agriculture. The United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service initiated the Ag100Pest Initiative to generate reference genome assemblies of arthropods that are (or may become) pests to agricultural production and global food security. We describe the project goals, process, status, and future. The first three years of the project were focused on species selection, specimen collection, and the construction of lab and bioinformatics pipelines for the efficient production of assemblies at scale. Contig-level assemblies of 47 species are presented, all of which were generated from single specimens. Lessons learned and optimizations leading to the current pipeline are discussed. The project name implies a target of 100 species, but the efficiencies gained during the project have supported an expansion of the original goal and a total of 158 species are currently in the pipeline. We anticipate that the processes described in the paper will help other arthropod research groups or other consortia considering genome assembly at scale.
The new normal: A catalyst for leadership adaptation in a tumultuous world-Let's stop applying 20th century solutions to 21st century problems in emergency management.

The COVID-19 Pandemic continues to be one of the most formidable public health challenges in modern history. Amidst the backdrop of new variants of the SARS CoV-2 virus, the pandemic that everyone thought would be over in a year shows little signs of abatement. Concurrently, the emergency management community globally have responded to an unprecedented number of crisis events. From March 2020 to September 2021, there have been sizeable disasters such as wildfires, hurricanes and tropical storms, earthquakes, and flooding. In addition, cyberattacks and terrorist activity have required additional manpower, management resources, and both the talent and funding to adequately study and train differently than we have to date.
Thermophysical and absorption properties of brominated vegetable oil

Abstract Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is a dense, bio-derived food additive used to emulsify citrus flavors in a variety of manufactured beverages. Although its high density is well known, accurate values for density and other properties, such as melting point, viscosity, refractive index and liquid phase heat capacity are not available in the literature. In this work, these properties are measured and correlated as a function of temperature from ~ 273 K to ~ 353 K. The volume expansivity, derived from the density, is also calculated. The density, viscosity and heat capacity are then compared with corresponding literature values for natural, unmodified oils. While the density and viscosity are markedly higher than the natural oils, the heat capacity is not significantly different. Through comparison with the viscosities of halogenated internal alkenes, it is shown that the increase in viscosity is likely due to enhanced dispersion forces, rather than enhanced polarity upon bromination. Additionally, the solubility of N2O and CO2 in brominated vegetable oil is measured at 310 K from 0.01 MPa to 2 MPa and, like unmodified olive oil, brominated vegetable oil exhibits higher N2O solubility than CO2 solubility. Such property trends are expected to be predictive of trends encountered when recently described lipidic ionic liquids are compared with their brominated analogs.
A Playable Evolutionary Interface for Performance and Social Engagement

An advanced interface for playable media is presented for enabling both musical performance and multiple agents’ play. A large format capacitive sensing panel provides a surface to project visualizations of swarm simulations as well as the sensing mechanism for introducing human players’ actions to the simulation. An evolutionary software interface is adapted to this project by integrating swarm algorithms to playable interface functionality with continuous auditory feedback. A methodology for using swarm agents’ information to model sound synthesis is presented. Relevant feature extraction techniques are discussed along with design criteria for choosing them. The novel configuration of the installation facilitates a unique interaction paradigm that sustains social engagement seamlessly alternating between cooperative and competitive play modes.
Candida endophthalmitis: A manifestation of candidiasis in the neonate

Candida endophthalmitis is a frequent complication of systemic candidiasis. The case reported emphasizes the usefulness of indirect ophthalmoscopy in evaluating infants suspected of having disseminated candidal infection and describes the pathologic findings of Candida endophthalmitis in the neonate.
Eschenmoser’s salt

Eschenmoser’s salt, dimethylmethylideneammonium iodide, is a strong dimethylaminomethylating agent, used to prepare derivatives of the type RCH2N(CH3)2. Enolates, enolsilylethers, and even more acidic ketones undergo efficient dimethylaminomethylation—employed in the Mannich reaction.
Process simulation and experiment for RC-parasitics in multilevel metallization

An integrated computer-aided-design environment is presented which is suitable for interconnect process design. It displays device cross-sections and electrical performance parameters by linking information from layout, process flow, rigorous topography simulation, and electrical analysis. As a specific example, these CAD tools have been applied to a proposed planarization process to study the topographies resulting from different process parameters and layout mask designs. Exploratory electrical test structures have been developed to help demonstrate topography-induced increases in parasitic effects and to establish the validity of the simulation. >
Board and superintendent perceptions of the Illinois professional standards for school leaders critical for superintendent success

This quantitative study focused on the differences in perceptions between Illinois K-12 unit district public school superintendents and board presidents as to those performance competency indicators in the “Illinois Professional Standards for School Leaders” that they perceived as being most critical for superintendent success. Via a web-based, online survey, participants responded to six demographic questions and scored each of the performance competency indicators to their level of agreement regarding the importance of that performance competency indicator for success. Summing up the top three performance indicators for all respondents, for all superintendents and board presidents (male and female), the number of performance competency indicators was reduced from 63 down to a composite group of ten. All groups selected the performance competency of “having high expectations for all” as being a top indicator. Standard One which stresses vision, mission, goals, climate, and culture proved to be the most important standard for superintendents, with six out of ten of the performance competency indicators coming from that standard. Both role and gender were associated with the selection of the performance competencies. Specifically, the role of board president was associated with the selection of “provides a respectful, fair climate,” and the role of superintendent was associated with the selection of “obtains resources for goals.” Regarding the impact of gender, men selected “models core beliefs and takes actions to achieve goals”, while being a female impacted the selection of “promotes academic excellence.” Implications and recommendations for further research include concentrating superintendent development and evaluation on the ten shared performance indicators and replicating this study in other states that have adapted or adopted the ISLLC Standards or with a random sample nationwide.
Armaduras pesadas, armaduras ligeras

Palabras para el hombre. Fernando Linero Montes. Cooperativa Editorial Magisterio / Ulrika Editores, Bogota, 1998, 72 pags.
Quantitative Assay of Polysaccharide Components Obtained from Cell Wall Lipopolysaccharides of Xanthomonas Species

The cell wall lipopolysaccharides from 17 species belonging to the genus Xanthomonas were extracted from the cells with hot 45% phenol. After purification, the components of the polysaccharide were obtained by acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and were quantitatively assayed. Data obtained show that all preparations contained uronic acid, phosphate, and mannose in molar ratios of approximately 1:2:1, and glucose and rhamnose in more variable concentrations. Most lipopolysaccharides contained either xylose or fucose, but those extracted from X. sinensis and X. campestris contained neither xylose nor fucose.
Characterization of ferrogels prepared using γ-Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles

In this study, we compare the characteristics of ferrogels prepared using γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles with ~ 20 nm diameter were distributed in N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) gel prepared using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED). Particle distribution and agglomeration characteristics of the prepared ferrogels were investigated using ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ferrogel samples prepared using Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 particles have similar particle distribution. The ferrogels, prepared with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, however, demonstrate significantly different agglomeration characteristics compared to the ferrogels prepared using Fe3O4. In both systems, the agglomerated particles appear to be spherical, with few of those indicating chain like structures. Based on the particle concentration and sizes, the DC SQUID magnetometry data of these samples showed the magnetic moments range between 0.9 to 2.5 emu/g. Details of our results and analysis are presented.
Abrogation of bleomycin-induced epithelial apoptosis and lung fibrosis by captopril or by a caspase inhibitor.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is involved in apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (Wang R, Zagariya A, Ang E, Ibarra-Sunga O, and Uhal BD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 277: L1245–L1250, 199...
Predominant symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome correlate with specific autonomic nervous system abnormalities

Background/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome may be influenced by the autonomic nervous system. Abnormalities in autonomic function, colon transit time, and psychological profiles in 21 patients were assessed. Methods: Using modified Manning criteria for irritable bowel syndrome, patients were classified as constipation-predominant or diarrhea-predominant. Autonomic function was determined by one vagal cholinergic and two sympathetic adrenergic measures. Colon transit was assessed by radiopaque markers, and psychological profiles were determined by three inventories. Results: Autonomic function tests showed that diarrhea-predominant subgroup values for one sympathetic adrenergic measure (postural adjustment ratio) were significantly different from controls (P < 0.01). Constipation-predominant subgroup values were significantly lower for the vagal cholinergic measure R-R interval (P < 0.05). Colon transit measures differed by subgroup in left, right, rectosigmoid, and total colon transit times. Both subgroups differed significantly from controls on psychological measures; the constipation subgroup showed more psychological distress. Conclusions: Irritable bowel syndrome specific-symptom subgroups had different patterns of autonomic functioning, colonic transit, and psychological measures. The constipation subgroup is associated with a cholinergic abnormality and the diarrhea-predominant subgroup with an adrenergic abnormality. These findings suggest specific associations between the autonomic nervous system, predominant physical symptoms, colon transit time, and psychological factors in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Genetic mapping of Caenorhabditis elegans collagen genes using DNA polymorphisms as phenotypic markers.

In Caenorhabditis elegans collagens comprise a dispersed family of 40–150 genes, the majority of which probably code for collagen proteins found in the animal's cuticle. The conserved (Gly-X-Y)n triple helix coding sequence of collagen genes has facilitated the isolation of a large number of C. elegans collagen genes by recombinant DNA methods. We have begun a study of the chromosomal organization of these genes by screening laboratory strains of C. elegans for DNA polymorphisms in the regions surrounding collagen genes. Polymorphisms near seven genes have been identified and have been used as phenotypic markers in genetic crosses to assign the genes to linkage groups II, III, IV, and X. Four genes are shown by multifactor crosses to map to a 2–3 map unit interval between unc-24 and unc-22 on chromosome IV.
Radio for hidden-photon dark matter detection

We propose a resonant electromagnetic detector to search for hidden-photon dark matter over an extensive range of masses. Hidden-photon dark matter can be described as a weakly coupled ``hidden electric field,'' oscillating at a frequency fixed by the mass, and able to penetrate any shielding. At low frequencies (compared to the inverse size of the shielding), we find that the observable effect of the hidden photon inside any shielding is a real, oscillating magnetic field. We outline experimental setups designed to search for hidden-photon dark matter, using a tunable, resonant LC circuit designed to couple to this magnetic field. Our ``straw man'' setups take into consideration resonator design, readout architecture and noise estimates. At high frequencies, there is an upper limit to the useful size of a single resonator set by $1/\ensuremath{\nu}$. However, many resonators may be multiplexed within a hidden-photon coherence length to increase the sensitivity in this regime. Hidden-photon dark matter has an enormous range of possible frequencies, but current experiments search only over a few narrow pieces of that range. We find the potential sensitivity of our proposal is many orders of magnitude beyond current limits over an extensive range of frequencies, from 100 Hz up to 700 GHz and potentially higher.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF APHIDS FROM IDAHO

The species here described were collected by Walter R. Sweadner, Department of Zoology, University of Pittsburgh, during 1932. The writer is also indebted to Doctor E. H. Graham, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for the identification of the host plant material.
Memory for relational information across eye movements.

Structural descriptions are hierarchical representations of a visual stimulus in terms of its parts and their relations, Previous research in which the retention of parts was examined has shown that structural descriptions can be used to represent information in transsaccadic memory, In three experiments, this idea was tested further by examining whether relational information is also maintained across saccades. Experiment 1, in which a same/different comparison task was used, showed that both part and relation information are retained across fixations in the same manner as within a fixation. Experiment 2 showed that such retention is impervious to instruction. Finally, Experiment 3, in which a new set of stimuli was used, demonstrated that both coordinate and categorical relations are maintained across saccades, The results indicate that structural descriptions can be used to represent information in transsaccadic memory in a manner similar to their use in visual short-term memory.
TEST FOR FRACTIONALLY CHARGED PARTONS FROM DEEP-INELASTIC BREMSSTRAHLUNG IN THE SCALING REGION.

We show that measurements of deep-inelastic bremsstrahlung, ${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}+\mathrm{anything}$, in the appropriate scaling region will provide a definitive test for fractionally charged constituents in the proton, provided the parton model is valid. More precisely, measurement of the difference between the scaling inclusive bremsstrahlung cross sections of the positron and electron will allow the determination of a proton structure function $V(x)$ which, unlike the deep-inelastic $e\ensuremath{-}p$ structure functions, obeys an exact sum rule based on conserved quantum numbers. In particular, we show that $\ensuremath{\int}{0}^{1}\mathrm{dx}V(x)=\frac{1}{3}Q+\frac{2}{9}B$ (=$\frac{5}{9}$ for a proton target) in the quark model, whereas $\ensuremath{\int}{0}^{1}\mathrm{dx}V(x)=Q$ in the case of integrally charged constituents. Since the result is independent of the momentum distribution of the partons, the sum rule holds for nuclear targets as well. Since $V(x)$, which involves the cube of the parton charge, is related to odd-charge-conjugation exchange in the $t$ channel, Pomeranchukon, and other $C$-even contributions are not present, so that $V(x)$ should have a readily integrable quasielastic peak. This, combined with the fact that there exists a simple kinematic region in which the difference is of the same order as the inclusive bremsstrahlung cross sections themselves, and the fact that there is no hadronic-decay background, should make this a feasible experiment on proton and nuclear targets.
Is electronic health record use associated with patient satisfaction in hospitals

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hospital electronic health record (EHR) use and patient satisfaction. Data sources/study setting We used EHR and other data from the American Hospital Association and Area Resource File as well as all 10 measures of patient satisfaction from the Hospital Compare data from 2008. Methodology/approach We used a retrospective cross-sectional approach and control for potential selection bias with propensity score matching. Ten regression models were used to measure the relationship between EHR use and patient satisfaction. Of these, 3 of the 10 patient satisfaction items were hypothesized to be amenable by EHR automation; the remaining 7 measures served as counterfactuals. Findings Electronic health record use was positively and significantly associated with the 3 hypothesized measures and none of the counterfactual measures of patient satisfaction. The three measures associated with EHR use included (a) whether the staff gave the patient information on what to do for recovery at home, (b) whether the patient would rate the hospital as a 9 or a 10, and (c) whether the patient would recommend the hospital. The significant relationships persisted with propensity score adjustments. Practice implications Electronic health record use is positively associated with 3 of 10 measures of patient satisfaction. Policy and decision makers interested in EHR adoption should also consider the potential impact that such adoption can have on patient satisfaction.
Su(z)2 Antagonizes Auto-Repression of Myc in Drosophila, Increasing Myc Levels and Subsequent Trans-Activation

All tumor cell lines that have been tested are defective for Myc auto-repression, and have high levels of Myc produced from wild type loci and re-arranged loci. Like mammalian Myc auto-repression, Myc protein represses the expression of its gene, dmyc, in Drosophila. This activity requires Polycomb (Pc), since RNAi for Pc in the embryo eliminates Myc auto-repression. We have observed that upon depletion of Polycomb in the embryo, levels of one of 18 different chromatin-binding genetic regulators, Su(z)2, rise dramatically. We pursued the possibility that increased levels of this protein, Su(z)2, interfere with Myc auto-repression, potentially explaining the loss of auto-repression upon Pc RNAi. We report that embryos expressing both ectopic Myc and ectopic Su(z)2 fail in Myc auto-repression. Surprisingly, histone H3K27 tri-methylation at the dmyc locus is inversely correlated with the presence of auto-repression. We show phenotypic consequences of potent dmyc auto-repression, and their complete reversal by ectopic Su(z)2: dmyc auto-repression induced a diminutive (dm) phenotype, and upon elimination of auto-repression by Su(z)2, overall levels of Myc increased and completely rescued the phenotype. We show that this increase in Myc levels caused dramatic activation of Myc activation targets. These data suggest that Su(z)2 is capable of increasing the potency of Myc activity by eliminating Myc's feedback regulation by auto-repression. Although Su(z)2 eliminated Myc auto-repression, we found that Myc repression of other genes is not affected by Su(z)2. These data suggest a unique antagonistic role for Su(z)2 in Myc auto-repression, and a potential mechanism for cancer-cell specific loss of Myc auto-repression.
Bone tissue heating and ablation by short and ultrashort laser pulses

Biological hard tissues, such as those found in bone and teeth, are complex tissues that build a strong mineral structure over an organic matrix framework. The laser-matter interaction for bone hard tissues holds great interest to laser surgery and laser dentistry; the use of short/ultrashort pulses, in particular, shows interesting behaviors not seen in continuous wave lasers. High laser energy densities in ultrashort pulses can be focused on a small irradiated surface (spot diameter is 10-50 μm) leading to rapid temperature rise and thermal ablation of the bone tissue. Ultrashort pulses, specifically those in the picosecond and femtosecond ranges, impose several challenges in modeling bone tissue response. In the present paper we perform time-dependent thermal simulations of short and ultrashort pulse laser-bone interactions in singlepulse and multipulse (set of ultrashort pulses) modes of laser heating. A comparative analysis for both radiation modes is discussed for laser heating of different types of the solid bone on the nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond time scales. It is shown that ultrashort laser pulses with high energy densities can ablate bone tissue without heating tissues bordering the ablation creator. This reaction is particularly desirable as heat accumulation and thermal damage are the main factors affecting tissue regrowth rates, and thus patient recovery times.
The roles of IL-1, IL-6, and TNFalpha in the feeding responses to endotoxin and influenza virus infection in mice.

Influenza infection or administration of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) results in diminished feeding and loss of body weight. It has been suggested that these effects may be mediated by cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). To assess the potential role of these cytokines, we tested the ability of the naturally occurring IL-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), a monoclonal antibody to mouse IL-6 (IL-6mAb), and a TNF binding protein fragment (TNFbp) to antagonize hypophagia induced by intraperitoneally (ip) injected mouse IL-1beta or LPS or by inoculation with influenza virus. Feeding was assessed by measuring the daily intake of food pellets and sweetened milk in a 30-min period. The hypophagia induced by mIL-1beta or LPS was not affected by pretreatment with IL-6mAb. The effects of IL-1beta were blocked by IL-1ra but unaffected by TNFbp. TNFbp and IL-1ra given separately both exhibited a tendency to attenuate LPS-induced hypophagia. The effectiveness of TNFbp plus IL-1ra treatment was similar to that of the individual antagonists. However, combined treatment with TNFbp, IL-1ra, and IL-6mAb almost completely prevented the depressing effect of LPS on milk intake. The antagonists were also tested in influenza virus-inoculated mice. IL-1ra was delivered chronically by osmotic minipumps and was supplemented by treatment with TNFbp and IL-6mAb. The treatments slightly attenuated the effects of the virus on milk intake 48 h after the inoculation and delayed the decrease in body weight. However, over the entire course of the experiment, the treatment produced very small, statistically nonsignificant, attenuations of the depressions in milk and food pellet intake. Similar results were obtained with TNFbp alone or the combination of IL-6mAb and TNFbp. The results suggest that IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and IL-6 contribute to the hypophagia induced by LPS. However, antagonism of all three cytokines was not sufficient to prevent the decreases in feeding and loss of body weight induced by influenza virus infection.
Developing a CD-ROM to teach ceramics

Beyond the technical considerations, the integration of multimedia in education requires the consent, participation, and enthusiasm of the educator. To foster this relationship, a graduate student in Art Education, who is also the university's instructional multimedia and virtual reality specialist, volunteered to develop a CD-ROM documenting a Raku ceramics workshop to demonstrate the power of technology in cooperation with established pedagogical goals. This paper outlines the technical considerations that went into the production of this diverse CD-ROM. The production was grounded in the idea of the 'economy of multimedia' following a pragmatic path of realism and compromise to obtain a goal with available resources. These constraints did not limit the variety of media elements or the technical and creative application of their use.The purpose of the CD-ROM is to follow the pedagogical outline of the workshop and to share experiential learning as well as concrete instructional demonstrations on Raku; it also serves to educate about the potentials of multimedia and of instruction with multimedia.
From the foundations up: Contexts for change in community college advancement

Unlike past fiscal crises and retrenchment, current changes in the funding of public higher education could precipitate fundamental changes in colleges and universities. Community colleges might be well positioned to thrive in such turbulent times.
Cloning, Sequencing, and Heterologous Expression of the Murine Peroxisomal Flavoprotein, N1-Acetylated Polyamine Oxidase

The aminoacyl sequences of three regions of pure bovine N1-acetylated polyamine oxidase (PAO) were obtained and used to search GenBankTM. This led to the cloning and sequencing of a complete coding cDNA for murine PAO (mPAO) and the 5′-truncated coding region of the bovine pao (bpao) gene. A search of GenBankTM indicated that mpao maps to murine chromosome 7 as seven exons. The translated amino acid sequences of mpao and bpao have a –Pro-Arg-Leu peroxisomal targeting signal at the extreme C termini. A β-α-β FAD-binding motif is present in the N-terminal portion of mPAO. This and several other regions of mPAO and bPAO are highly similar to corresponding sections of other flavoprotein amine oxidases, although the overall identity of aligned sequences indicates that PAO represents a new subfamily of flavoproteins. A fragment of mpao was used as a probe to establish the relative transcription levels of this gene in various mature murine tissues and murine embryonic and breast tissues at different developmental stages. An Escherichia coli expression system has been developed for manufacturing mPAO at a reasonable level. The mPAO so produced was purified to homogeneity and characterized. It was demonstrated definitively that PAO oxidizes N1-acetylspermine to spermidine and 3-acetamidopropanal and that it also oxidizes N1-acetylspermidine to putrescine and 3-acetamidopropanal. Thus, this is the classical polyamine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.11) that is defined as the enzyme that oxidizes these N1-acetylated polyamines on the exo-side of their N4-amino groups. This enzyme is distinguishable from the plant polyamine oxidase that oxidizes spermine on the endo-side of the N4-nitrogen. It differs also from mammalian spermine oxidase that oxidizes spermine (but not N1-acetylspermine or N1-acetylspermidine) at the exo-carbon of its N4-amino group. This report provides details of the biochemical, spectral, oxidation-reduction, and steady-state kinetic properties of pure mPAO.
Spatially-localized scaffold proteins may facilitate to transmit long-range signals

Abstract Scaffold proteins play an important role in the promotion of signal transmission and specificity during cell signaling. In cells, signaling proteins that make up a pathway are often physically orgnaized into complexes by scaffold proteins [1]. Previous work [2] has shown that spatial localization of scaffold can enhance signaling locally while simultaneously suppressing signaling at a distance, and the membrane confinement of scaffold proteins may result in a precipitous spatial gradient of the active product protein, high close to the membrane and low within the cell. However, cell-fate decisions critically depend on the temporal pattern of product protein close to the nucleus. In this paper, when phosphorylation signals cannot be transfered by diffusion only, two mechanisms have been proposed for long-range signaling within cells: multiple locations of scaffold proteins and dynamical movement of scaffold proteins. Thus, here we have unveiled how the spatial propagation of the phosphorylated product protein within a cell depends on the spatially and temporal localized scaffold proteins. A class of novel and fast numerical methods for solving stiff reaction diffusion equations with complex domains is briefly introduced.
NHS 60th: view from Lord Darzi

This Bulletin marks the 60th anniversary of our National Health Service, a source of national pride and the greatest expression of social solidarity found anywhere in the world. As a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and a practising surgeon in the NHS it is therefore a great honour to be given this opportunity to reflect both on the changes we have witnessed in surgery and on the provision of surgical care since the NHS's inception – and what I believe our future direction must be.