cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching clinical research methodology to the academic medical community: a fifteen-year retrospective of a comprehensive curriculum.

Background: Due to inadequate preparation, many medical professionals are unable to critically evaluate published research articles or properly design, execute and present their own research.Aims: To increase exposure among physicians, medical students, and allied health professionals to diverse methodological issues involved in performing research.Method: A comprehensive course on research methodology was newly designed for physicians and other members of an academic medical community, and has been successfully implemented beginning 1991. The role of the study hypothesis is highlighted; interactive pedagogical techniques are employed to promote audience engagement. Participants complete an annual evaluation to assess course quality and perceived outcomes. Outcomes also are assessed qualitatively by faculty.Results: More than 500 physicians/other professionals have participated. Ratings have been consistently high. Topics deemed most valuable are investigational planning, hypothesis construction and study...
Buoyant Density of the Hepatitis A Virus-Like Particle in Cesium Chloride

We recently visualized by immune electron microscopy a virus-like particle in the stools of patients with hepatitis A. The particle measured approximately 27 nm in diameter and morphologically resembled a picornavirus or parvovirus. To further characterize this particle, we have determined its buoyant density in cesium chloride (CsCl) by ultracentrifugation. Hepatitis A particles from three positive stool specimens were isopycnically banded in separate experiments, and the gradient fractions were examined for particles by immune electron microscopy by using hepatitis A convalescent sera. In each experiment, the particles were observed in a normal distribution about a peak fraction with a mean density of approximately 1.4 g/cm(3). The buoyant density of 1.4 g/cm(3) in CsCl together with its morphology and the reported resistance of hepatitis virus to acid, ether, and heat suggest that this particle is parvovirus-like.
Genetics and caging type affect birth weight in captive pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina).

3Southwest Regional Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas The heritability of birth weight was estimated in 3,562 captive pigtailed macaques using 30 years of breeding and pedigree records. Based on a pedigree of over 12,000 animals, quantitative genetic analyses were performed using statistical variance decomposition methods. The model included additive genetic effects, cytoplasmic genetic effects, birth environment, shared maternal environment, and unmeasured environmental effects. The results demonstrated a strong (h 2 = 0.51) heritable component of birth weight overall, and included significant additive genetic heritability (h 2 = 0.23), and cytoplasmic heritability (h 2 = 0.09). In addition, a significant effect of birth location and cage type was identified, explaining an additional 6% of birth weight variance. The use of a nonhuman primate model for studying the effects of genes on birth weight eliminated many of the problems associated with confounding variables in human studies, and allowed for the quantification of a heritable component of birth weight. Am. J. Primatol. 56:207‐213, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Doping and Illumination Dependence of $\hbox{1}/f$ Noise in Pentacene Thin-Film Transistors

We characterize the influence of interfacial trap sites on carrier scattering and subsequent contribution to channel noise by taking 1/f noise measurements on pentacene organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The noise dependence on drain current from OFETs with UV-ozone treated parylene gate dielectric before the deposition of the semiconductor is compared to that of otherwise identical OFETs with no air exposure during fabrication. Our studies indicate a different noise characteristic in the two samples, which is further confirmed by increasing the carrier density under illumination and comparing the noise spectrum for photogenerated charges with gate-field-induced carriers.
Faculty perceptions of undergraduate students' participation in regional psychology conferences.

Summary,-Faculty responded to a survey regarding submission guidelines and decision-making processes to regional psychology conferences for undergraduate stu­ dents, Respondents' mean age was 52.2 yr. (SD= 10,8), mean years of teaching experi­ ence was 22.5 (SD= 10,7), and 49,7% were women, Analyses indicated that students should know submission guidelines and evaluative criteria prior to submission, but may not. Results are presented to provide feedback for faculty about the conference submission process,
Neural correlates of gesture processing across human development

Co-speech gesture facilitates learning to a greater degree in children than in adults, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying the processing of co-speech gesture differ as a function of development. We suggest that this may be partially due to children's lack of experience producing gesture, leading to differences in the recruitment of sensorimotor networks when comparing adults to children. Here, we investigated the neural substrates of gesture processing in a cross-sectional sample of 5-, 7.5-, and 10-year-old children and adults and focused on relative recruitment of a sensorimotor system that included the precentral gyrus (PCG) and the posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG). Children and adults were presented with videos in which communication occurred through different combinations of speech and gesture during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session. Results demonstrated that the PCG and pMTG were recruited to different extents in the two populations. We interpret these novel findin...
Using tagging to identify and organize concerns during pre-requirements analysis

Before requirements analysis takes place in a business context, business analysis is usually performed. Important concerns emerge during this analysis that need to be captured and communicated to requirements engineers. In this paper, we take the position that tagging is a promising approach for identifying and organizing these concerns. The fact that tags can be attached freely to entities, often with multiple tags attached to the same entity and the same tag attached to multiple entities, leads to multi-dimensional structures that are suitable for representing crosscutting concerns and exploring their relationships. The resulting tag structures can be hardened into classifications that capture and communicate important concerns.
Radical and Conventional Models of U.S. Foreign Economic Policy Making

Two radical models of economic foreign policy making are summarized: instrumentalist and structuralist. By means of an issue-based policy paradigm, the views of several leading conventional scholars are described. The contrasting radical and conventional models are shown to be related—radicals providing useful insights into the setting of policy and conventional scholars being strongest regarding the policy process. Cautious synthesis is recommended to students of U.S. foreign economic policy making.
Exploratory navigation in large multimedia documents using Context Lenses

The Context Lens (CL) is a focus plus context visualization and navigation tool particularly suited for navigating large documents, or collections of documents. Context Lenses have been applied successfully to navigating Web pages, video collections and slide presentations. We discuss our experiences both with linear as well as with hierarchical Context Lenses. We focus on the use of information scent in the hierarchical Context Lens, and on supporting an exploratory navigation style in documents. Exploratory navigation is supported by the fact that a CL delays commitment in the user interface through an interaction style called brushing. Brushing lowers the cost of exploring a section of the document and therefore does not only support, but actively encourage an exploratory navigation style. This aspect of Context Lenses is especially valuable for navigation of large amounts of media data on low bandwidth devices, such as wireless PDA.
The Mountain-Plains Circulation East of a 2-km-High North–South Barrier

Abstract The daytime mountain-plains circulation east of a 2-km-high and 60-km-wide barrier is examined for conditions of clear skies, light ambient winds with a westerly component around 5 m s−1, and little spatial and temporal change to the synoptic-scale thermal fields and wind fields. Fourteen nonhydrostatic, two-dimensional, horizontally homogeneously initialized simulations, employing the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System, are used to study the important physical processes in the daytime evolution. A synthesis of simulations with various initial conditions and boundary conditions are used to derive a conceptual model of the daytime evolution. The simulations am run for different times of the year, different patterns of soil moisture (which affects the surface sensible heat flux), different ambient winds, different thermal structures, half-barrier height, and absence of a nighttime phase. Except for the simulation without a nighttime phase, the simulations have a full nig...
Polymorphism of the glucosyltransferase gene (ycjM) in Escherichia coli and its use for tracking human fecal pollution in water

This study examined polymorphism of the glucosyltransferase gene (ycjM) in fecal Escherichia coli isolates and evaluated the use of the sequence polymorphism for measuring human fecal pollution in water. Significant nucleotide variations were observed through comparative analysis of the ycjM sequences of 70 E. coli strains isolated from the feces of humans, domestic livestock, and wild animals. Three distinct types of ycjM sequences were found: universal-ycjM, human/chicken-ycjM, and human-ycjM. Using the human-ycjM sequences, both a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hycj-PCR and a quantitative PCR, Hycj-qPCR, were developed. As shown by the Hycj-PCR amplification, the human-ycjM marker appeared to be highly associated with the E. coli strains isolated from human feces, based on the analysis of 370 E. coli strains isolated from humans and seven other animal species. Similarly, the human-ycjM marker was highly linked with human feces, as demonstrated by the Hycj-PCR assay, when using 337 fecal DNA samples from 16 host animal sources, including both domestic and wild animals. Overall, the specificity and sensitivity of the human-ycjM marker for differentiating between the feces of humans and those of nonhuman groups were 99.7% and 100%, respectively; the prevalence of the marker appeared to be greater than 50% in the human-feces-associated E. coli population. In addition, our study showed that the quantification of human E. coli by the Hycj-qPCR was linearly correlated with the anthropogenic activity within a watershed. Our study suggests that this novel human-ycjM marker and the resulting PCR-based methods developed should be useful for measuring human-associated E. coli and human fecal pollution in water.
Population differentiation and countergradient variation throughout the geographic range in the fern gametophyte Vittaria appalachiana.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Theory predicts that limited gene flow between populations will promote population differentiation, and experimental studies have found that differentiation is often explained by local adaptation in sexually reproducing angiosperms. However, few experiments have examined the drivers of differentiation among populations in asexual land plants with limited dispersal potential. Here, we evaluated the role of temperature in driving population differentiation in an asexual, obligate gametophyte fern species. METHODS We reciprocally transplanted Vittaria appalachiana gametophytes among six populations that spanned the species' geographic range in the Appalachian Mountains and Plateau. Temperature, survival, and senescence rates were measured for 1 year. KEY RESULTS Populations had significantly different fitness responses to different sites, consistent with the hypothesis that populations have differentiated across the species' range. There was some evidence for local adaptation in marginal populations and for countergradient selection favoring particularly robust genotypes at the northern range edge. Most populations had relatively high fitness at the site with the most stable temperature conditions and were negatively affected by decreasing minimum temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Populations of Vittaria appalachiana exhibit highly variable responses to transplantation across the species' range, and only a small subset of these responses are due to local adaptation. Differences in daily minimum temperature explain some variation in fitness, but other site-specific factors also have significant impacts on transplant fitness. These results indicate that asexual, patchily distributed species with limited dispersal may exhibit population-specific responses to global climate change that have not been elucidated by empirical work focused on sexually reproducing angiosperms.
Gene expression profiling reveals different molecular patterns in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathways between early- and late-onset preeclampsia.

Abstract Early-onset preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia have been regarded as two different phenotypes with heterogeneous manifestations; To gain insights into the pathogenesis of the two traits, we analyzed the gene expression profiles in preeclamptic placentas. A whole genome-wide microarray was used to determine the gene expression profiles in placental tissues from patients with early-onset (n = 7; 36 weeks) preeclampsia and their controls who delivered preterm (n = 5; 36 weeks). Genes were termed differentially expressed if they showed a fold-change ≥2 and q-value Results Six hundred twenty-seven genes were differentially expressed in early-compared with late-onset preeclampsia (177 genes were up-regulated and 450 were down-regulated). Gene ontology analysis identified significant alterations in several biological processes; the top two were immune response and cell surface receptor linked signal transduction. Among the cell surface receptor linked signal transduction-related, differentially expressed genes, those involved in the G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway were significantly enriched. G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway related genes, such as GPR124 and MRGPRF , were both found to be down-regulated in early-onset preeclampsia. The results were consistent with those of western blotting that the abundance of GPR124 was lower in early-onset compared with late-onset preeclampsia. The different gene expression profiles reflect the different levels of transcription regulation between the two conditions and supported the hypothesis that they are separate disease entities. Moreover, the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway related genes may contribute to the mechanism underlying early- and late-onset preeclampsia.
A further study of the partial reinforcement effect within-subjects

The effects of partial and continuous reinforcement schedules upon subsequent resistance to extinction were studied, within-subjects, in a lever-pressing situation. Previous research with this design had yielded a reversed partial reinforcement effect. The training procedures of the present experiments were such that a switch in schedules occurred only after a given number of responses or reinforcements had occurred in the previous schedule. The results suggest a “preference” for continuous reinforcement during training, and clearly yield a conventional partial reinforcement effect during extinction.
A Miniature Fourier Transform Spectrometer by a Large-Vertical-Displacement Microelectromechanical Mirror

A microelectromechanichal system (MEMS) mirror based miniature Fourier transform spectrometer is reported. A spectral resolution of 19.2 cm-1has been achieved with a 261 ?m physical scan range generated by the large-vertical-displacement MEMS mirror.
LittleFe: parallel and distributed computing education on the move

Many institutions have little or no access to parallel computing platforms for in--class computational science or parallel and distributed computing education. Key concepts, motivated by science, are taught more effectively and memorably on an actual parallel platform. LittleFe is a complete 6 node Beowulf style portable computational cluster. The entire package weighs less than 50 pounds; easily travels; and sets--up in 5 minutes. Current generation LittleFe hardware includes multi--core processors and GPGPU support enabling support for shared memory parallelism, distributed memory parallelism, and hybrid models. By leveraging the Bootable Cluster CD (BCCD, [3]) project, and the Computational Science Education Reference Desk (CSERD, [5]), LittleFe is a powerful, ready--to--run, computational science and parallel programming educational platform for the price of a high--end laptop.
Landscape geomorphic characteristic impacts on greenhouse gas fluxes in exposed stream and riparian sediments

While excessive releases of greenhouse gases (GHG: N2O, CO2, CH4) to the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuel remains a concern, we also need to better quantify GHG emissions from natural systems. This study investigates GHG fluxes at the soil–atmosphere interface in a series of 7 stream reaches (riparian zones + exposed streambed sediment) across a range of geomorphic locations from headwaters reaches to lowland wetland reaches. When riparian fluxes (RZ) are compared to fluxes from in-stream locations (IS) under summer baseflow conditions, total CO2-equivalent (CO2eq) emissions are approximately 5 times higher at RZ locations than at IS locations, with most CO2eq driven by CH4 production at RZ locations where wet conditions dominate (headwater wetlands, lowland wetlands). On a gas-by-gas basis, no clear differences in N2O fluxes between RZ and IS locations were observed regardless of locations (headwater vs. lowland reaches), while CO2 fluxes were significantly larger at RZ locations than IS locations. Methane fluxes were significantly higher in wetland-influenced reaches than other reaches for both RZ and IS locations. However, GHG fluxes were not consistently correlated to DOC, DO, NO3−, NH4+, or water temperature, stressing the limitations of using water quality parameters to predict GHG emissions at the floodplain scale, at least during summer baseflow conditions. As strategies are developed to further constrain GHG emission for whole watersheds, we propose that approaches linking landscape geomorphic characteristics to GHG fluxes at the soil–atmosphere interface offer a promising avenue to successfully predict GHG emissions in floodplains at the watershed scale.
E-145 variable ophthalmic hemodynamics in children with retinoblastoma undergoing intra-arterial chemotherapy

Introduction Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for children with retinoblastoma represents a new treatment strategy with increasing safety and effectiveness. However, proper technique is vital as complications can lead to stroke and blindness, and accurate drug delivery is critical to treatment success. As the arterial supply to the eye is often a hemodynamic balance between the ophthalmic artery (OA) and external carotid artery branches, it is often necessary to perform exploratory superselective angiography prior to initiating IAC (Klufas, Gobin, et al ., 2012). Additionally, some have described the use of an occlusion balloon distal to the OA to deliver IAC without the need to select the OA itself (Yamane, Kaneko, and Mohri, 2004). Materials and methods Our protocol for initiation of IAC for retinoblastoma begins with internal carotid artery angiography. If the OA is visualized, then an attempt is made to select it with a 1.3 or 1.5 French microcatheter. If no antegrade flow is seen in the OA (Figure 1A), then external carotid artery (ECA) branches are explored to identify supply to the eye. If no ECA supply is identified or if the OA could not be selected, then a HyperForm 4 mm × 7 mm balloon is advanced through a 4.3 French DAC, and inflated just distal to the OA. Angiography is then used to confirm antegrade flow in the OA before delivering IAC (Figure 1B). Results We have observed two cases that displayed no antegrade flow in the OA with carotid arteriography. In both cases, ECA branch exploration was undertaken. One patient exhibited robust ocular supply via the anterior deep temporal artery, which was used for IAC. However on subsequent angiography the anterior deep temporal supply was diminished and an alternative delivery route was needed. The other patient did not have significant ocular supply from ECA branches. Both patients were subsequently treated with the balloon technique and displayed antegrade OA opacification with a robust choroidal blush after balloon inflation (Figure 1). Treatments were successful and without complication. Conclusion IAC is a powerful new tool in the treatment of retinoblastoma, but relies on the technical ability to infuse chemotherapy into the OA. In cases when no antegrade OA flow is identified with carotid angiography, balloon occlusion distal to the OA may induce hemodynamic change allowing treatment via the carotid and OA. Disclosures M. Froehler: None.
Behavior and misbehavior of the horse

For decades after the discipline of psychiatry had been established as an accepted specialty, many medical schools continued to fail to train their students in the fundamentals of this discipline. Medical students all have at least cursory exposure to psychiatric principles and basic psychology. Unfortunately, the veterinary profession has lagged behind human medicine in this regard. Until recently, veterinary students received no training in animal behavior, and there were no available residencies within our schools for developing board-certified behavioral specialists.
The smoking gun for Atlantic circulation changes

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has long been implicated in rapid climate changes during the most recent ice age. However, convincing observational evidence from the deep ocean has remained limited. On page 470 of this issue, Henry et al. ( 1 ) present two independent records from a well-dated, high-resolution sediment core from Bermuda Rise in the North Atlantic (see the figure) that may be the smoking gun that paleoceanographers have been looking for.
The Noir Atlantic: Terreur Rose: Kouty, mémoire de sang and the Gendering of Noir

Women and noir Among the aspects of this ethnographic apparatus that Bolya retains, one of the most important is his critique of the implicit gendering of racial paradigms so problematically yet powerfully evident throughout Himes' work. In Himes, race is always-already inflected with a constitutive sexual component that is a—if not the—determining factor in relations between white and black. This racialized sexuality is intimately connected to ascriptions of crime and violence, as Sander Gilman demonstrated in his now famous essay “Black Bodies, White Bodies.” In the Harlem series, as we have already seen in the case of the first volume's titular femme fatale Imabelle, women are both an object of desire and the catalyst for the criminal activity that permeates the novel. Yet, beyond Imabelle's dangerous sexuality, there lie the powers of whiteness creating the context and language by which Harlem's essential criminality is determined and the textual register in which the terms of racial difference are inscribed and by which they are disseminated. Bolya makes obvious the component of desire structuring the ethnographic relationship that, while an essential component of his Harlem, Himes leaves far less explicitly theorized. Bolya's “female other” is constructed through the tropes and desires of ethnography itself, but examinations of gender through the African crime novel have taken other directions also. Malian author Aida Mady Diallo's novel, Kouty, memoire de sang (1998, 2002) pursues this issue from a rather different perspective. While Diallo, like Bolya and the other authors in the study (all of whom are men), draws on this particular emphasis of Himes, she explores gender within the genre by multiplying and complicating the frames of reference.
Oxygen activation by mononuclear Mn, Co, and Ni centers in biology and synthetic complexes.

The active sites of metalloenzymes that catalyze O2-dependent reactions generally contain iron or copper ions. However, several enzymes are capable of activating O2 at manganese or nickel centers instead, and a handful of dioxygenases exhibit activity when substituted with cobalt. This minireview summarizes the catalytic properties of oxygenases and oxidases with mononuclear Mn, Co, or Ni active sites, including oxalate-degrading oxidases, catechol dioxygenases, and quercetin dioxygenase. In addition, recent developments in the O2 reactivity of synthetic Mn, Co, or Ni complexes are described, with an emphasis on the nature of reactive intermediates featuring superoxo-, peroxo-, or oxo-ligands. Collectively, the biochemical and synthetic studies discussed herein reveal the possibilities and limitations of O2 activation at these three “overlooked” metals.
Temperature emissivity separation using optimized atmospheric water band regions

Emissivity is the common space used to analyze longwave infrared (LWIR) data. For this analysis, data are collected using a Designs and Prototypes (DP however, the true surface temperature is challenging to acquire while in the field due to the dynamic nature of the environment. Unknown surface temperature and unknown spectral emissivity leads to systems of equations issues. A temperature emissivity separation (TES) algorithm is used to determine the optimal surface temperature, which aids in determining the spectral emissivity of the MOI. The Hybrid method proposed in this paper implements optimized contiguous water regions in the longwave wavelengths to include 7.563–7.663, 7.714–7.800, 7.853–7.907 and 13.51–13. 67 micrometers (μm). These bands represent spectral features in water that are not optically thick in the atmosphere, and are chosen because they do not overlap with features of most MOIs. The spectral emissivity is solved for using all the wavelength bands defined in the spectral regions for a range of temperatures spanning from 10 to 60° C. Each calculated emissivity spectra is subjected to a high-pass filter, and the sum of the squares of the filtered emissivity spectra is calculated. A temperature is selected that produces smoothest calculated emissivity curve. The smoothest line is optimal because the water region is assumed to be flat, and blackbody-like with an emissivity near one. The resulting temperature values for each of the four spectral regions are compared against one another. If the standard deviation of the four temperature values is below one, the mean is selected as the best surface temperature; otherwise, the median is selected as the best surface temperature. For initial assessment of this proposed TES method, six MOIs with unique features in the LWIR wavelengths were analyzed; concrete, cotton, Pyrex (glass), sulfur, sand and polyethylene. For the majority of the MOIs the blackbody spectrum calculated using the optimal temperature determined by the Hybrid algorithm overlaid exactly on the measured surface leaving radiance spectrum corresponding to the MOI. MOIs with spectral features in the longer wavelengths of the LWIR, specifically the sulfur and the polyethylene, had standard deviations above one, skewed by the optimal temperature predicted for the 13.51–13.67 μm region. When the outlier temperature is removed using the median to derive optimal temperature of the MOI the results were consistent with the expected emissivity. The Hybrid emissivity spectra are also compared against two other known TES methods and the results indicate improved and accurate prediction of emissivity, specifically in the outer regions of the LWIR wavelengths.
Writing for Impact: How to Prepare a Journal Article

Abstract Why are we so serious about writing? Because we believe writing is as important as the science showcased in a research paper. You could have a great idea, execute the study design perfectly, and discover findings that would transform how your profession is practiced around the world. But if you cannot write a clear and compelling narrative, it is not going to have great impact. And, science is all about impact. Or, as Steve Jobs said “To put a dent in the universe.” At the core of effective scientific writing is a disciplined approach, a lot of practice, and a commitment to improvement. We outline here our approach to structure the content of a manuscript as well as practical advice to improve your writing process.
Beacon Positioning and Operations

We address the problem of placing a minimal number of beacons in a complex terrain in such a way that any arbitrary stationary or mobile node can locate itself within specified error and time limits. The starting point for our approach is the data-driven distance measurement, environment, and localization error models. These models are used to create the OFs for the three phases of our approach: (1) beacon placement, (2) beacon grouping for simultaneous activation, and (3) beacon scheduling. We prove that each of these three tasks is NP-complete and create heuristics and (integer) linear programming algorithms. In the first phase, we construct nonparametric statistical localization error models that capture the joint conditional probability of expected location error based on two properties: number of distance measurements and the third largest angle of all neighbors. The beacons are placed so that the location errors are minimized for a representative set of nodes. In the last two phases, we address the problem of which beacons, when, and how to broadcast acoustic signals, so that maximum number of unknown-location nodes can calculate their distance measurements as frequently as possible. We analyze the scalability of our approach and its dependency on parameters such as network connectivity and size and beacon density. Location discovery has received a great deal of research attention in wireless ad hoc community because of its role as an essential enabler required by other tasks such as routing and data fusion. A number of exceptionally creative and effective LD approaches have been demonstrated. A closely related problem is building and operating permanent or ad hoc Location Discovery Infrastructure (LDI), where the goal is to place a small number of beacons in such a way that any other node at an arbitrary location can accurately calculate its location. Surprisingly, this problem received rather little attention regardless of its apparent usefulness and technically challenging structure. The problem is challenging because it consists of three-layered NP-complete sub-problems and the statistical uncertainty of the distance measurements.
Chronic Stress and Impulsive Risk-Taking Predict Increases in Visceral Fat over 18 Months.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine whether baseline chronic stress and impulsive risk-taking synergistically predict changes in visceral fat among healthy mothers in an observational, longitudinal, 18-month study. METHODS A prospective cohort of 113 adult women (age, mean ± SD: 42.83 ± 4.70; BMI, mean ± SD: 24.86 ± 4.32; 74%, n = 84 white) completed assessments at baseline and 18-month follow-up. Chronically stressed mothers caring for a child with an autism spectrum disorder ("caregivers"; n = 72 participants) were compared with lower stress mothers caring for a neurotypical child ("controls"; n = 41). This study objectively assessed impulsive risk-taking by using the Behavioral Analog Risk Task at baseline and assessed visceral fat at baseline and 18-month follow-up by using bioelectrical impedance (ViScan; Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). RESULTS The interaction of baseline chronic caregiving stress and impulsive risk-taking predicted an 18-month change in visceral fat, such that greater impulsive risk-taking was associated with greater 18-month increases in visceral fat among caregivers (s = 0.423; P = 0.005) but not among controls (s = -0.030; P = 0.802), both in unadjusted models and after accounting for covariates. Neither chronic stress nor impulsive risk-taking independently predicted 18-month changes in visceral fat. CONCLUSIONS The combination of high chronic stress and high impulsive risk-taking may increase risk for visceral fat gain over time and therefore may be an important intervention target in obesity prevention.
Pretreatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as an independent predictor of disease-specific survival in resectable GE junction and gastric adenocarcinoma.

4056 Background: Preoperative methods to estimate disease specific survival (DSS) for resectable gastroesophageal junction and gastric adenocarcinoma (GEJ/GA) are inadequate. The patient’s inflamma...
Rationale for perioperative anticancer treatment.

I will limit my discussion essentially to chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery, since my experience is in this field, but I recognize that radiation therapy could be substituted for surgery in many cases and also that there are clinical examples of all three modalities being used in proper sequences with improved results over any two-modality treatment. I would like to begin with a brief discussion of the need for perioperative chemotherapy.
[55-OR]: 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate attenuates hypertension and uterine artery resistance in response to Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) in pregnant rats

Objectives Preeclampsia (PE), new onset hypertension at 20 weeks of gestation, is characterized by increased uterine artery resistance index (UARI), chronic immune activation and decreased of vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO). 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is a synthetic metabolite of progesterone used for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth. The objective of this study was to determine whether 17-OHPC could reduce blood pressure (MAP), inflammation, UARI, as well as increase NO bioavailability in a hypertensive rat model of PE. Methods 17-OHPC (3.32 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered on day 18 of gestation into Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rats and carotid catheters were inserted. MAP, blood and tissues were collected on day 19. Results MAP in NP rats ( n = 13) was 92 ± 2; 123 ± 2 in RUPP ( n = 18), and 116 ± 1 mmHg in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 10). UARI was 0.78 ± 0.03 in RUPP ( n = 4) and 0.63 ± 0.038 in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 8). Circulating CD4+ T cells were 1.19 ± 1.0% of gated cells in NP ( n = 7), which increased to 8.52 ± 2.4% in RUPP rats ( n = 10) but was significantly reduced to 2.72 ± 0.87% ( n = 14) in RUPP + 17-OHPC. Circulating nitrate/nitrite was 26.34 ± 3.5 μM in NP ( n = 12); 14.58 ± 3.1 in RUPP rats ( n = 8) and increased to 26.69 ± 1.62 in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 7. eNOS expression was 0.65 ± 0.11 A.U in NP ( n = 4), which decreased to 0.33 ± 0.01 in RUPP rats ( n = 4) but increased to 0.57 ± 0.01 in RUPP+17-OHPC ( n = 5). Levels of TNF-alpha were 65.84 ± 17.7 pg/ml in RUPP rats ( n = 5) but were blunted to 17.24 ± 3.9 in RUPP + 17-OHPC ( n = 8). Conclusions In conclusion, 17-OHPC improves inflammation, UARI, hypertension, and NO bioavailability in response to placental ischemia during pregnancy. Disclosures L.M. Amaral: None. D.C. Cornelius: None. J. Moseley: None. J.N. Martin: None. B. LaMarca: None.
The expression of PTEN and INPP4B and their clinical significance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia

This study investigates the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and Inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) in children with acute myeloid leukemia. The levels of PTEN...
Rate Constants for Unimolecular Decomposition of SF6

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is widely used as a gaseous dielectric in high-voltage applications due to its extremely large cross section for electron attachment [1-3] and the stability of SF6 with respect to decomposition in subsequent collisions with SF6 [4]. It is also recognized as a potent greenhouse gas and it has been suggested that a mixture of SF6 and N2 might serve as a substitute for pure SF6 in certain applications which require gaseous dielectrics [5,6]. Even with a very low SF6 content, a SF6/N2 mixture exhibits many of the desirable properties of SF6 as a gaseous dielectric. It has been suggested that this mixture may constitute a synergistic combination: the buffer gas (N2) serves to cool energetic electrons into the low-energy region where the electronegative gas (SF6) captures them with a remarkably high cross section, thereby inhibiting the buildup of free electrons that could cause ionization leading to electrical breakdown. The dielectric properties of this mixture have been the subject of numerous recent investigations [5,6].
Qualitative Research: Perceptions of the Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-Based (DIR) Model among Preschool Staff in a Public-School Setting.

The Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship-Based (DIR) model, also known as DIR®/Floortime™, is a comprehensive approach for individuals with developmental disabilities and other disor...
Assessing Preservice Teachers’ Cultural Competence With the Cultural Proficiency Continuum Q-Sort:

This article describes an educational design research program situated within a professional development school that led to the development of the Cultural Proficiency Continuum Q-Sort (CPCQ). The ...
LGBT Employment Rights in an Evolving Legal Landscape: the Impact of the Supreme Court’s Decision in Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia

The Supreme Court heard arguments during its 2019–2020 term in three cases concerning the employment rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) employees: Zarda v. Altitude Express (2018), Bostock v. Clayton County (2018b), and EEOC v. R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes, Inc. (2018). In these cases the lower courts considered whether or not Title VII includes protections based on sexual orientation or gender identity. The cases reached the Supreme Court after a split in the circuit court decisions and under a backdrop of differing, and at times conflicting, state and local laws as well as divergent positions taken by federal agencies. In a 6–3 decision, the Court ultimately held that Title VII covers both sexual orientation and gender identity. This paper submits that the legal questions before the Court rested upon the evolution in the legal interpretation of Title VII as well as the changing social standards as applied to LGBT employees in large part due to the Supreme Court decision in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015). While the current environment of LGBT rights represents a time of great transition, the Supreme Court’s decision provides clarity to legal and human resource professionals regarding how they should treat LGBT employees and applicants.
Machine learning techniques to construct patched analog ensembles for data assimilation

Abstract Using generative models from the machine learning literature to create artificial ensemble members for use within data assimilation schemes has been introduced in Grooms (2021) [1] as constructed analog ensemble optimal interpolation (cAnEnOI). Specifically, we study general and variational autoencoders for the machine learning component of this method, and combine the ideas of constructed analogs and ensemble optimal interpolation in the data assimilation piece. To extend the scalability of cAnEnOI for use in data assimilation on complex dynamical models, we propose using patching schemes to divide the global spatial domain into digestible chunks. Using patches makes training the generative models possible and has the added benefit of being able to exploit parallelism during the generative step. Testing this new algorithm on a 1D toy model, we find that larger patch sizes make it harder to train an accurate generative model (i.e. a model whose reconstruction error is small), while conversely the data assimilation performance improves at larger patch sizes. There is thus a sweet spot where the patch size is large enough to enable good data assimilation performance, but not so large that it becomes difficult to train an accurate generative model. In our tests the new patched cAnEnOI method outperforms the original (unpatched) cAnEnOI, as well as the ensemble square root filter results from [1] .
Country-level conditions like prosperity, democracy, and regulatory culture predict individual climate change belief

Decades after the scientific community agreed on the existence of human-made climate change, substantial parts of the world’s population remain unaware or unconvinced that human activity is responsible for climate change. Belief in human-made climate change continues to vary strongly within and across different countries. Here I analyse data collected by the Gallup World Poll between 2007 and 2010 on individual attitudes across 143 countries, using a random forest model, to show that country-level conditions like environmental protection, civil liberty, and economic development are highly predictive of individual climate change belief. Individual education and internet access, in contrast, are correlated to climate change awareness, but much less to belief in climate change’s anthropogenic causes. I also identify non-linear pattern in which country-level circumstances relate to individual climate change belief. The local importance of most predictors varies strongly across countries, indicating that each country has its relatively unique set of correlates of climate change belief. Country-level conditions such as civil liberty are highly predictive of climate change belief, whereas individual attributes such as education are related more to awareness than belief, suggests a random-forest analysis of individual attitudes in 143 countries.
Securing Gun Rights by Statute: The Right To Keep and Bear Arms Outside the Constitution

In popular and professional discourse, debate about the right to keep and bear arms most often revolves around the Second Amendment. But that narrow reference ignores a vast and expansive non-constitutional legal regime privileging guns and their owners. This collection of non-constitutional gun rights confers broad powers and immunities on gun owners that go far beyond those required by the Constitution, like rights to bring guns on private property against an owner’s wishes and to carry a concealed firearm in public with no training or background check. This Article catalogues this set of expansive laws and critically assesses them. Unlike the formal constitutional guarantee, this broad collection is not solely libertarian, concerned only with guaranteeing non-interference with a negative right. Instead, it is also aggressively interventionist, countermanding contrary policy judgments by employers, universities, property owners, and local government officials, conferring robust rights and privileges, and shifting the distribution of violence in society. This Article underscores the connection, rhetorically and legally, between this gun-rights expansionism and the formal Second Amendment guarantee. These laws do not derive from a judicial interpretation of the scope of the Constitution, but they are expressed and advocated for in constitutional terms. The Article also highlights how broad gun rights can create unique harm to the body politic and to marginalized groups by fostering fear and mistrust and empowering sometimes problematic private actors to proactively police their own communities. Finally, the Article shows how gun-rights expansionism influences constitutional doctrine in a number of ways, including in the context of the Second Amendment, as well as the First, Fourth, and Fourteenth Amendments.
O10.4 Incidence and duration of pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM)

Background The prevalence of pharyngeal CT is low but its incidence and duration are unknown. A high incidence and/or duration may support the role of pharyngeal CT in sustaining CT transmission among MSM. Methods From March 2016 to December 2018 we enrolled MSM in a 48-week natural history cohort study in Seattle, Washington. Participants self-collected pharyngeal specimens weekly. We tested specimens using nucleic acid amplification testing (Aptima Combo-2) at the conclusion of the study. In primary analyses, we defined incident pharyngeal CT as ≥2 consecutive weeks with a CT-positive pharyngeal specimen. In sensitivity analyses, we defined incident pharyngeal CT as ≥1 week of a CT-positive specimen. We used Kaplan Meier methods to estimate the duration of pharyngeal CT, censoring at loss to follow-up, receipt of antibiotics, or end of study. We tested for differences in duration with the log-rank test. Results 140 participants contributed 70.5 person-years (PY) of follow-up. The mean age was 37, 51% were living with HIV, and 34% had CT in the past year. Two (1.4%) MSM had pharyngeal CT at enrollment and 16 (11.4%) tested positive for pharyngeal CT during ≥1 week of follow-up. In primary analyses, there were 8 pharyngeal CT cases among 6 MSM (incidence=11.4 per 100 PY; 95% CI=6.0–21.9). In sensitivity analysis, there were 19 cases among 16 MSM (incidence=27.1 per 100 PY; 95% CI=18.5–39.8). Median duration of pharyngeal CT was 6.0 weeks in primary analyses and 2.0 weeks in sensitivity analysis. In primary analysis, median duration was significantly shorter for those with a history of CT (3.6 weeks) vs. no history of CT (8.7 weeks), and significantly shorter for those living with HIV. Conclusion Incident pharyngeal CT was relatively common but the duration of infection was short, supporting the theory that pharyngeal CT likely contributes little to sustained population-transmission of CT.
Occupy Wall Street and Antitrust

Capitalism, some declare, is in crisis. One concern, which the Occupy Wall Street protesters and many Americans share, is how a relatively small group of corporate and wealthy individuals now wields too much economic influence and control in the United States and the world. The prevailing belief is that financial institutions’ power and influence represent a major threat to America.So what does antitrust have to say about this public unease? Few would likely believe the Supreme Court’s Standard Oil opinion handed down a century ago would relate to their present concerns. That is unfortunate. The concerns Standard Oil raises are salient today. At the forefront, then and now, are issues of income inequality and crony capitalism. Over the past 30 years, antitrust policy lost its way and now has several paradoxes. But the current public sentiment recaptures what others have long known, and what this Essay explores: Competition and antitrust are more political, than economic, concepts.