cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Noteworthy Collections: New County Records for Solanum pseudocapsicum (Solanaceae) in Alabama

Three recent collections of Solanum pseudocapsicum represent the first documentation of this species from Alabama in 27 years, and apparently represent the only extant populations. The habitat of these collections appears to be different from that previously documented in Alabama, although it is not unusual range-wide. Solanum pseudocapsicum was last collected from Alabama in 1993 from Houston County, but searches of that location failed to relocate it. Previously it had been collected from Tallapoosa County (1877), Morgan County (1891), Lee County (1896), and Coosa County (1900), all in upland or ruderal habitats. In 2020 a small population of four plants was discovered on a floodplain near the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers and a second larger population of approximately 28 plants was located 10 km to the SW on the floodplain of the Alabama River, both in Elmore County. A third population of several dozen plants was discovered on the floodplain of the Tallapoosa River in Montgomery County.
Early Introduction of STEM Through Sustainable Engineering

To educate the next generation of scientists and engineers, it is important to cultivate critical thinking and problem-solving skills within the context of sustainability. Eva the Engineer, an elective course developed by the University of Wisconsin–Madison engineering students, uses sustainability-focused civil engineering lessons to (1) introduce sustainable engineering practices at the middle school level and (2) encourage young women to pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Eva the Engineer students explore the environmental, social, and economic impacts of the infrastructure around them and practice sustainable engineering decision-making with hands-on activities. The primary topics of discussion are infrastructure design, water resources, and waste management. As civil engineering is a central theme of the course, the primary examples of sustainable engineering involve the energy and water reductions using recycled materials in construction applications. For example, students make concrete stepping-stones with recycled materials and calculate energy, water, and greenhouse gas emission savings achieved when recycled materials replace virgin aggregate in concrete. Later, a field trip to a concrete production facility, a landfill, a recycling facility, and a wastewater treatment facility demonstrate the practical implications of construction and waste generation. By the end of the program, students exhibit an understanding of contemporary environmental challenges, basic engineering principles, and the benefits of recycled materials in engineering applications. Program survey results also illustrate a ubiquitous increase in self-confidence in STEM capabilities among students. Engaging the next generation of engineers and scientists in a discussion of present issues is proving to be beneficial for all involved.
Constructing Internally Consistent BMI Z-Scores for Adults and Children to Examine Intra-household Outcomes

The ultimate goal of development is to improve health and well-being at the individual level. Yet, survey data are routinely collected at the household level. To bridge this gap the existing literature has used various, not fully satisfactory direct and indirect methods to impute individual level outcomes from household data. This paper proposes a new direct statistical method that constructs BMI Z-scores for all ages. It develops age-gender specific Body Mass Index (BMI) growth curve distributions using generalized LMS estimations in a GAMLSS framework which allows flexible modelling of all parameters. These growth curve distributions are then used to construct BMI Z-scores that are consistent for children and adults and that can thus be used to examine individual-level well-being and intra-household allocation patterns. Compared to existing methods that estimate intra-household allocations, BMI Z-scores present several advantages. One, the BMI measures health outcomes rather than caloric or monetary health inputs. Two, it is easier to collect and is measured with less error. Three, the BMI Z-score methodology also enables a range of previously unmeasurable within-household comparisons and it opens up the use of existing sources of survey data to answer new research questions in health and development economics. An empirical example for Tanzania provides one simple application of the BMI Z-score method, showing how household-level measures significantly overestimate individual measures of well-being and health.
Overexpression of tissue factor in cancer cells inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by activating Bcl-2 expression through the JAK/STAT5 pathway

3633 Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a receptor for activated coagulation factor VII (FVIIa), initiating the coagulation cascade. Recent studies demonstrate that expression of tumor-derived TF also mediates intracellular signaling relevant to tumor growth and metastasis. Our present study reports that overexpression of TF in cancer cells acts to upregulate Bcl-2 expression via the JAK/STAT5 pathway, resulting in enhanced cell survival and resistance to chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of endogenous TF expression in TF-overexpressing cancer cells using siRNA resulted in decreased cell growth and sensitization to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. In contrast, enforced expression of TF in TF-negative cancer cells in the presence of FVIIa was found to induce upregulation of Bcl-2, leading to resistance to doxorubicin. Additionally, cancer cells expressing high levels of either endogenous or transfected TF treated with FVIIa readily activated STAT5 and Akt. Using selective pharmacologic inhibitors, we demonstrated that JAK inhibitor I, but not the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, blocked the TF/FVIIa-induced upregulation of Bcl-2. These results suggest that overexpression of TF by tumor cells ligated with FVIIa upregulate Bcl-2 expression through the JAK/STAT5 signaling pathway, resulting in resistance to apoptosis. This activity may contribute, at least in part, to tumor development and progression.
Section Introduction: World War II Food Rationing across the United Kingdom

Public crises such as pandemics, natural disasters, and war, stress and reconfigure food systems to support the consumption needs of populations in distress. The global impact of World War II cause...
Software Needs Seatbelts and Airbags: Finding and fixing bugs in deployed software is difficult and time-consuming. Here are some alternatives.

Like death and taxes, buggy code is an unfortunate fact of life. Nearly every program ships with known bugs, and probably all of them end up with bugs that are discovered only post-deployment. There are many reasons for this sad state of affairs.
Modeling Nanoparticle Charge Distribution in the Afterglow of Non-Thermal Plasmas And Comparison With Measurements

A modeling approach to investigate the charge distribution of particles exiting flow-through non-thermal plasmas and the afterglow region is presented. Understanding the effect of plasma concentration, discharge parameters, plasma temperature, diffusivity of charged species, and reaction rate constants in the resulting particle charge distributions is critical to material synthesis and relevant applications. In this work, ion-flux coefficient models developed by analyzing particle-ion trajectories calculated using Langevin Dynamics based simulations are incorporated into species transport equations for ions, electrons, and charged particles in the afterglow. The developed collision rate models are validated by comparing particle charge predictions against measured values in stationary, non-thermal DC plasmas from past PK- 4 campaigns 1 , 2 . The atmospheric-pressure flow-through plasma experiments by Sharma et al. 3 to probe particle charge distributions are modeled using experimentally validated particle-ion collision rate constant models and the calculated charge fractions are compared with measurements. The comparisons reveal that the plasma concentration and gas temperature in the afterglow region critically influence the particle charge and the predictions are generally in qualitative agreement with the measurements 4 . Modeling assumptions and challenges will be highlighted.
Abstract 895: Genetic deletion of cyclooxygenase-2 suppresses K-ras induced lung tumorigenesis

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Proto-oncogene K-ras is mutated in 30-50% of lung adenocarcinomas, the most common histological subtype of the non-small cell lung cancer. Cyclooxygenases are the key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs) which are thought to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis in various tumors including lung cancer. However, the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in lung tumorigenesis in mice carrying the K-ras oncogene remains unclear. We evaluated the contribution of COX-2 in lung tumorigenesis in K-rasLA1(G12D) mice and its relevant molecular mechanisms. We used a genetic knockout approach by crossing COX-2 homozygous mice (COX-2-/-) with a mouse strain which develops lung tumorigenesis driven by mutant K-ras (K-rasLA1) to obtain COX-2 deficient mice with K-ras expression (K-ras/COX-2-/-) and COX-2 wild type mice with K-ras expression (K-ras). Loss of COX-2 was associated with a significant reduction in both multiplicity and tumor volume of lung adenocarcinoma examined by ex-vivo MRI. The average number of lung nodules in K-ras/COX-2-/- mice was 6.8 per mouse which was significantly less than that of K-ras mice (19.8) (p 3 ) was larger than that of K-ras/COX-2-/- mice (25.5 ± 8.7 mm 3 ). Histological examination of mouse lung demonstrated that there was a significantly higher incidence of bronchioalveolar hyperplasia in lung tissues of the K-ras group (9.5±3.2) than in the K-ras/COX-2-/- group (5.3±2.5) (p Citation Format: Yong Pan, Yan Jiang, Lin Tan, Murali K. Ravoori, Mihai Gagea-Iurascu, Mihai Gagea-Iurascu, Vikus Kundra, Susan M. Fischer, Peiying Yang. Genetic deletion of cyclooxygenase-2 suppresses K-ras induced lung tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 895. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-895
Effects of competition upon the aggressive responses of college basketball players and wrestlers.

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the effects of winning and losing competition upon the aggressive responses of intercollegiate basketball players and wrestlers. The Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study was administered to 32 Springfield College undergraduates during a normal emotional state, after winning a contest and after losing a contest. A 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA with repeated measures across one factor was used to analyze the data. Following winning competition, the normal level of extrapunitive aggression was reduced significantly for basketball players (P<.05). After losing, wrestlers showed a significant increase in extrapunitive aggression (p<.05). For all subjects extrapunitive aggression was higher during the normal state than it was following winning competition (p<.01). It was concluded that losing competition may be a more frustrating experience for individual sport athletes than for team participants. In addition, winning competition has aggression reduction value to both type...
Hemopoietic progenitor cells of W anemic mice studies in vivo and in vitro.

The proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic cells from genetically anemic Wv/Wx,W/Wv, and Wv/Wv mice, and from nonanemic carrier W/+, Wb/+, and Wv/+ mice have been evaluated in vivo by transplantation techniques and in vitro by the agar gel culture method. Marrow from anemic and carrier mice contained progenitor cells which were decreased in number and formed small, often rudimentary, colonies in the spleens of irradiated recipient mice. Proliferation and differentiation of both erythropoietic and leukopoietic progenitor cells were delayed and reduced, but erythropoiesis was more severely affected than leukopoiesis. The severity of the hemopoietic impairment was gene-dose dependent. The W gene effect on leukopoietic progenitor cells was not secondary to anemia or to abnormal erythropoiesis. The marrow cells of anemic and carrier mice which form colonies of granulocytic and mononuclear cells in vitro were neither decreased in number nor impaired in proliferation and differentiation. Hypertransfusion of red blood cells increased the frequency of in vitro colony-forming cells, but not that of in vivo progenitor cells. The data demonstrate that colony-forming cells which proliferate in the agar gel cultures in vitro are distinct from the in vivo colony-forming cells and suggest that the former are primitive members of the granulocytic cell line. Perhaps in vitro CFU are in an intermediate stage of differentiation between in vivo CFU and myeloblasts, analogous to that which has been suggested for the erythropoietin-sensitive cell in the red cell series. W mutant alleles appear to act, therefore, at or very near the beginning of hemopoietic differentiation.
Speculation, Embedding, and Food Prices: A Cointegration Analysis

The disparity between massive volatility in food prices and relatively slow changes in agricultural supply and demand since the beginning of the food crisis in 2007 has focused attention on the potential side effects of financial speculators in food markets. The challenge of identifying the effects of such speculators has been complicated by a number of factors, key among which has been the criteria used to identify speculative activity. This paper provides a more targeted analysis of kind of speculator, and builds on a combination of sociological and econometric analysis to identify their presence in commodity markets during the food crisis.
The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt

(2001). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 89-89.
Gastrulation in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus is blocked by the fluorescein dye erythrosin B

Erythrosin B, a food, drug, and cosmetic dye, arrested gastrulation in embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. A 30 min pulse of 5 microM erythrosin B added at 18 hr postinsemination blocked gastrulation scored at 50 hr postinsemination when control embryos had completed gastrulation. Dye addition at later times had no detectable effects on development through 50 hr postinsemination. The dye may block primary invagination via its known effects on plasma membrane permeability and fluidity.
Optimal control approximations for trainable manipulators

A theoretical procedure is developed for testing the quality of the approximation from the optimal solution of a nonlinear optimal control problem. It is based on the monotonicity between the changes of the Hamiltonian and the value functions proposed by Rekasius, and may provide a procedure for selecting effective controls for non-linear systems. The approach has been applied to the approximately optimal control of a trainable manipulator with seven degrees of freedom, where the controller is used for motion coordination and optimal execution of object-handling tasks.
STOCHASTIC MODELING OF MACROMOLECULAR MOTIONS THROUGH POST ARRAYS

The dynamic motions of macromolecules through a microfluidic postarray system are simulated using a threedimensional stochastic finite element approach. The effects of molecular conformation on the time for a macromolecule to move across the system are investigated. The analyses are first performed on disklike geometries and then extended to a representative carbonic anhydrase (CA) macromolecule model consisting of elastically deformable beam networks. The model predicts that smaller molecules typically take less time to pass through the post array, and that for stiff materials the time inversely increases with the aspect ratio of molecules due to the conformational changes in collisions between the molecules and the obstacles. In addition, the dynamic responses of molecules are highly stochastic. The work has potential applications in designing functional microfluidic devices for separation and purification of macromolecules such as plasmid DNA.
The effect of a mandated accounting change on the capitalization process

. We hypothesize that a mandated accounting change (MAC) that disallows the deferral of revenues or capitalization of expenditures causes the aggregate deferred revenue and capitalized expenditure flows to fall below their levels prior to the change. In addition, the deferred revenue or capitalized expenditure flows after a MAC will exceed the pre-MAC levels that would have resulted from formerly capitalizing or deferring these items. We discuss using deferred tax flows as a proxy for a firm's level of capitalization and deferral. Finally, we test our hypothesis by examining changes in deferred tax flows for a sample of firms that capitalized research and development costs prior to the promulgation of FAS2. The test results indicate that managers actively restored revenue flows and capitalized expenditures for the period immediately following FAS2. Second, smaller firms appear to be more active in this restoration process than larger firms. Finally, the decline in the rate of growth of depreciation for capitalizing firms suggests that managers may have influenced the capitalization of costs to restore earnings to pre-FAS2 levels. Resume. Les auteurs posent l'hypothese selon laquelle une modification comptable non discretionnaire (MCND) par suite de l'interdiction du report de produits ou de la capitalisation de depenses fait en sorte que les flux globaux des produits reportes et des depenses capitalisees diminuent au-dessous des niveaux qu'ils affichaient avant la modification. En outre, les flux de produits reportes ou de depenses capitalisees apres une MCND excederont les niveaux qui auraient resulte de la capitalisation ou du report de ces elements avant la MCND. Les auteurs traitent de l'utilisation des flux d'impot reporte d'une entreprise a litre de substitut du niveau de capitalisation et de report. Enfin, ils verifient leur hypothese en examinant les changements des flux d'impot reporte pour un echantillon d'entreprises qui ont capitalise leurs frais de recherche et de developpement avant la promulgation par le FASB de la Norme no2. Les resultats du test indiquent que les gestionnaires ont activement retabli les flux de produits reportes et de depenses capitalisees pendant la periode suivant immediatement la Norme no 2. Deuxiemement, les entreprises plus petites semblent plus enclines a operer ce processus de retablissement que les entreprises plus grandes. Enfin, le declin du taux de croissance de l'amortissement pour les entreprises qui recourent a la capitalisation donne a penser que les gestionnaires peuvent avoir joue sur la capitalisation des couts pour ramener les benefices a leurs niveaux anterieurs a la Norme no2.
Performance of agoraphobic families vs. non-agoraphobic families on the sixteen personality factor questionnaire (16PF)

This study investigated whether the personality variables, as measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), differed significantly between families with an agoraphobic parent and families with nonagoraphobic parents. Participants were 15 agoraphobic female parents and 5 male agoraphobic parents, their spouses, and children. Two matched control groups of subjects (comparable to the female agoraphobic and male agoraphobic families) were used. Significant differences in personality variables were found between the families with agoraphobic parents and their matched controls. Significant personality differences among family members in the agoraphobic family were evident, and they also differed according to whether the agoraphobic parent was female or male.
Cyclic expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA in the epithelial glands of human endometrium.

Objectives Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), is the key enzyme that regulates the NO-mediated biologic functions in various types of tissue. We believed that NO may be involved in regulating the development of the microvascular system and vascular tone in human endometrium. However, the biology of NOS in this system remains poorly understood. To determine the paracrine action of NOS derived from endometrial cells on vascular blood flow, the first task is to identify NOS in endometrial cells. This study was undertaken to examine whether human endometrial cells would express endothelial or inducible NOS (eNOS or iNOS). In addition, we examined the cell-specific expression of eNOS.
1199 SYNERGY OF COMBINED ANTIGEN INHALATION CHALLENGE IN ALLERGIC ASTHMA

To determine whether combined allergen exposure is competitive, additive or synergistic in its effect on lung function, inhalation challenges were performed in 5 asthmatic boys, 12 to 16 years old, with known sensitivity to 2 environmental antigens. Challenges were conducted according to the standards of the American Academy of Allergy on 3 occasions at least 1 week apart, first with each allergen separately then with both simultaneously. Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec (FEV1) before study was at least 60% of predicted value. The response to challenge was monitored by serial measurements of FEV1. Challenge ended either when a given provocative dose (PD) produced a 20-35% fall of FEV1 (PD20 - PD35) or when a concentration of 10,000 PNU/ml produced no effect. Three subjects reacted to the single antigens with a marked fall of FEV1, allowing measurement of PD35 for each antigen. In the dual challenge, these subjects reacted to a mean PD of 19% (range: 7 - 32%) of the respective PD35 of each antigen. The other 2 subjects reacted to one antigen only and the fall of FEV1 was small, only allowing measurement of PD20 for that antigen. In the dual challenge these subjects reacted with a 20% fall of FEV1 to a PD containing 32 and 47%, respectively, of their single-antigen PD20. These findings support the hypothesis that two antigens inhaled simultaneously exert synergistic effects. (Supported by NIH grant # HL-10436)
Quality and clinical engineering

Quality has become and continues to be the buzzword of the 90s. The definition of quality as it relates to Clinical Engineering is the topic of many a discussion. We have heard terms like Quality Assurance (QA), Quality Improvement (QI), Cont i nuous Qua 1 i ty Improvement (CQI), and Total Quality Management (TQM). The te rm used usually depends on what the hospital administration feels meets the current health care trend. It is the objective of any Clinical Engineering manager to direct the Department's work flow procedures meeting the requirements of the current health care environment. This presentation will set out methods for continued Clinical Engineering Department success throughout the 1990s and into the next decade.
Extension of magnetic anomaly rule

Abstract The Moskowitz-Lombardi rule which has established a relationship for magnetic hyperfine-structure anomalies for ten mercury, Z = 80, isotopes and isomers is extended, in the light of new experimental work, to iridium, gold, and thallium, Z = 77, 79, and 81 respectively
Imaging H abstraction dynamics in crossed molecular beams: Cl + ROH reactions

The crossed beam reactions of ground state Cl(2P3/2) atoms with alcohols (CH3OH, C2H5OH and 2-C3H7OH) have been studied using the technique of velocity map imaging (VELMI). The corresponding hydroxyalkyl radical was detected via single photon ionization using 157 nm laser light. The double differential cross sections were obtained at collision energies of 8.7 kcal mol−1 for methanol, 6.0 and 9.7 kcal mol−1 for ethanol and 11.9 kcal mol−1 for 2-propanol. In all cases, the scattering was predominantly in the backward–sideways direction suggesting direct rebound dynamics, with varying amounts of sideways scattering. In the case of methanol, the angular distributions were predominantly in the sideways–backward direction with respect to the incoming alcohol beam. Scattering was into the backward hemisphere at the lower collision energy for ethanol, with enhancement of sideways scattering with an increase in collision energy. Isopropanol gave scattering predominantly in the backward direction. Coupling between the translational energy and angular distributions was particularly significant for ethanol at the lower collision energy. All of the translational energy distributions peaked at about 6 kcal mol−1 and on average 30–40% of the available energy was deposited into product translation for all the alcohols studied. These results are contrasted with previous H abstraction studies performed on Cl–hydrocarbon systems.
Outcome of catheter size and duration of internal-external biliary drainage on stricture recurrence of benign biliary strictures

Purpose Determine if tube size or duration of internal-external biliary drainage are important factors in the length of time benign biliary strictures can be treated without surgery or the rate of stricture recurrence after successful treatment. Materials and Methods From August 9 1996 - August 31 2009, 63 patients underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) of benign biliary strictures with small caliber drains (8-14F). Clinical and demographic factors, catheter size, duration of stent placement and duration of stricture patency after drain removal were reviewed. Success was defined as stricture patency of greater than 1 year after stent removal. Failure was defined as replacement of stent after removal, death during stenting, surgery during stenting and retention of stent without resolution of symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression and cox proportional harzard were performed. Results Median follow-up from stent placement was 1027 days (Range (R) 13-5184) and after stent removal was 753 days (R 14-2943). Median stent duration was 193 days (R 0-4380). 20 patients (31.7%) were stricture recurrence-free for greater than 1 year after stent removal with a median stricture recurrence-free period of 946 days. The presence of stricture after choledocojejunostomy (CJ) or hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) was predictive of stricture recurrence-free outcome (p Conclusion In this small sample of patients with benign biliary strictures, PTBD of CJ/HJ strictures is associated with a better outcome independent of catheter size. Table 1
On Factored FIR Approximation of IIR Filters

Abstract We present a simple algorithm for the factored polynomial (Finite Impulse Response, FIR) approximation of rational (Infinite Impulse Response, IIR) filters which may be used to construct inverse filters. When applied to quadrature mirror filters, our approach yields a simple way of generating an efficient FIR filter bank which inherits the properties of IIR filter bank with any desired accuracy.
Human myocardial mitochondria: size differences in parts of the cell.

Mitochondrial size varies in different areas of the heart and in certain physiologic and pathologic processes. This study evaluated the mitochondrial size in three areas of the heart cell: (1) perinuclear, (2) intermyofibrillar, and (3) subsarcolemmal in health and disease. Group I was 14 patients with normal cardiovascular examinations (age = 47 ± 4, X ± SE); Group II was 16 patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (age = 53 ± 5). All had an endomyocardial biopsy of the right side of the interventricular septum. Morphometric analysis of the electron micrographs (×31,200) from the three areas quantitated mitochondrial area and cristae to matrix ratio. The perinuclear mitochondria were significantly larger than the intermyofibrillar or subsarcolemmal mitochondrial in Group I (0.25± 0.1 μ2 > 0.23 ± .01 μ2and 0.22 ± .01 μ2, both P 0.25 ± .01 μ2, and 0.23 ± .01 μ2, both P < 0.05). In addition, the intermyofibrillar mitochondria were significantly larger than the subsarcolemmal mitochondria in Group II (P < 0.05). Group II mitochondria were not significantly larger than Group I. The cristae to matrix ratio was the same in all three areas. The reason for the mitochondrial size differential is not clear but may be related to increased metabolic demand.
A modeling study on the thermomechanical behavior of glass-ceramic and self-healing glass seals at elevated temperatures

Abstract Hermetic gas seals are critical components of planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). This article focuses on the comparative evaluation of a glass-ceramic seal developed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and a self-healing glass seal developed by the University of Cincinnati. The stress and strain levels in the Positive electrode–Electrolyte–Negative electrode (PEN) seal in a single-cell stack are evaluated using a multi-physics simulation package developed at PNNL. Simulations were carried out with and without consideration of a clamping force and a stack body force, respectively. The results indicate that the overall stress and strain levels are dominated by the thermal expansion mismatches between the different cell components. Further, compared with the glass-ceramic, the self-healing glass results in a much lower steady state stress value due to its much lower stiffness at the operating temperature of the SOFC. It also exhibits much shorter relaxation times due to a high creep rate. It is also noted that the self-healing glass seal will experience continuing creep deformation at the operating temperature of a SOFC therefore resulting in possible overflow of the sealant material. Therefore, a stopper material may be required to maintain its geometric stability during operation.
A randomized controlled trial: child life services in pediatric imaging

Children undergoing procedures in pediatric health care facilities and their families have been shown to benefit from psychosocial services and interventions such as those provided by a Certified Child Life Specialist (CCLS). The comprehensive impact of a CCLS in a pediatric imaging department is well recognized anecdotally but has not been examined in a prospective or randomized controlled fashion. We prospectively assessed the impact of a CCLS on parent satisfaction, staff satisfaction, child satisfaction, and parent and staff perceptions of child pain and distress in a pediatric imaging department. Eligible children between 1 and 12 years of age (n = 137) presenting to the pediatric imaging department for an imaging procedure were randomly assigned to an intervention or control arm. Those assigned to the intervention received the comprehensive services of a CCLS. The control group received standard of care, which did not include any child life services. Quantitative measures of satisfaction and perception of child pain and distress were assessed by parents and staff using a written 5-point Likert scale questionnaire after the imaging procedure. Children 4 and older were asked to answer 3 questions on a 3-point scale. Statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups were found in 19 out of 24 measures. Parents in the intervention group indicated higher satisfaction and a lower perception of their child’s pain and distress. Staff in the intervention group indicated greater child cooperation and a lower perception of the child’s pain and distress. Children in the intervention group indicated a better overall experience and less fear than those in the control group. Child life specialists have a quantifiably positive impact on the care of children in imaging departments. Measures of parent satisfaction, staff satisfaction, child satisfaction, child pain and child distress are shown to be positively impacted by the services of a CCLS. These results have significant implications for hospitals striving to increase satisfaction, decrease costs and improve quality of care. In a health care landscape that is changing quickly and increasingly focused on the cost of care, future research should assess whether the core tenants of the child life profession support and contribute quantifiably to high-quality, cost-effective practices in health care.
Sexual reproduction and early development of the solitary coral Fungia scutaria (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Fungia scutaria spawned vigorously with a lunar beriodicity during the summer months of 1981 and 1982. Spawning activity declined in the fall of both years and was absent in winter and spring (1983). There was only one short spawning event per lunar cycle. Each event occurred in the evening between 1700 and 1900 hours 1 to 4 days following the full moon. Fungia scutaria exhibits gonochorism. Females ejected eggs through their mouths into the seawater above. Many of these negatively buoyant eggs settled onto the oral discs and were moved off the edge by ciliary-mucoid activity. Spermatoza from males were similarly expelled in a jet of gastrovascular fluid. Spawned eggs were small and lacked endosymbiotic zooxanthellae. Rapid development led to ciliated solid planulae by the next morning. Within 24 h a mouth had begun to develop. Planulae may have been able to feed within 39 h. Infection with zooxanthellae occurred 4–5 days following spawning. Planulae may have become competent for settlement by 7 days, but attempts to docment settlement produced ambiguous results.
Helix Reversal Motion in Polyisocyanates

The geometric pathway and energetic barriers associated with the motion of helix reversal sites in poly(methyl isocyanate) have been studied using the conjugate peak refinement algorithm in conjunction with the Merck molecular force field. Motion of the reversal along the chain backbone involves relatively small net changes in the torsional angles as a pair of distorted trans and cis bonds reverse their direction of twist. The present study shows that this change occurs by the trans bond passing through its nearby planar low torsional energy conformation to assume an opposite twist. However, the cis bond is prevented from passing through its nearby low torsional energy planar cis conformation by strong nonbonded interactions. It is instead forced to rotate through its trans conformation, thus overcoming two torsional barriers to reach its final cis conformation of opposite twist. The net translation of the reversal down the chain one monomer unit requires crossing three energetic barriers, the highest of which is 17.5 kcal/mol, in reasonable agreement with the 19.6 kcal/mol value determined in recent temperature-dependent NMR studies of poly(2-butylhexyl isocyanate).
Phenomenological Approach to Paramagnetic Liquid He 3 at Very Low Temperatures

Magnetic-susceptibility measurements around the apparent very low transition temperatures of liquid ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ will be shown to be indicative of the role played by the spin system in the transformation process. This phenomenon is found to be depressed toward lower temperatures on application of external, constant, and uniform magnetic fields, with the ordered modification of the liquid confined to a limited region of its magnetic phase diagram.
Multiscale/multifluid simulations of flux ropes at the magnetopause within a global magnetospheric model

[1] The magnetopause current sheet is known to have a thickness comparable to an ion gyroradius/skin depth where the magnetic and electric field can differ markedly from that assumed in MHD treatments. Multifluid/multiscale simulations are used to provide the first investigation of these processes in a global simulation that includes high-resolution (200 km) gridding around the magnetopause. It is shown that the model is able to capture the quadrupole core magnetic field and the fast (tens of ion cyclotron periods) reconnection seen in idealized studies reconnection for a Harris current sheet. Within a global magnetosphere, multiple X-line reconnection occurs for southward IMF due to localized pinching of the magnetopause current sheet via the convection of the magnetosheath plasma against a three-dimensional magnetopause. Localized flux ropes with a thickness of a few hundred to a few thousand kilometers develop and can expand laterally due to current sheet acceleration of ions that have a gyroradius comparable to the current sheet thickness. These flux ropes are shown to have essentially the same properties as flux transfer events (FTEs), including being quasi-periodic with a curvature greater on the magnetosheath side than on the magnetospheric side, a strong core magnetic field, and a mixture of magnetospheric and magnetosheath plasma. The speeds of the plasma flows associated with flux ropes are also similar to those observed with FTEs. The presence of multiple X-line reconnection is shown to produce the rippling of the magnetopause and gives a nature explanation to the multiple magnetopause encounters that typically occur for slow moving spacecraft. These small-scale processes are shown to have global effects with a reduction of the cross-polar cap by as much as 20% seen between simulations with and without high resolution about the magnetopause.
Evidence for Low-Volatility Diacyl Peroxides as a Nucleating Agent and Major Component of Aerosol Formed from Reactions of O3 with Cyclohexene and Homologous Compounds

Reactions of cyclic alkenes and O3 are known to form significant quantities of aerosol, but the chemical mechanism and complete identity of the products has not been established. In this study, a thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer is used to investigate the ozonolysis of cyclohexene and some of its structural homologues, including cyclopentene, cycloheptene, and cyclooctene, in humid air. Dicarboxylic acids, which are the lowest volatility compounds previously identified in aerosol formed from this reaction, are also observed here. But in addition, the thermal desorption behavior of the aerosol indicates that compounds less volatile than dicarboxylic acids are present. On the basis of mass spectra and desorption behavior of the aerosol and standard compounds, and chemical probe experiments, it is proposed that these compounds are diacyl peroxides. A reaction mechanism is presented to explain the formation of diacyl peroxides, as well as dicarboxylic acids. These results may have important ...
Factors that influence π- versus η2-coordination of β-diketiminato ligands in magnesium complexes

Treatment of N-tert-butyl-4-(tert-butylimino)-2-penten-2-amine with [CpMgMe(Et2O)]2 in diethyl ether afforded CpMg(HC(C(Me)N(tBu))2) (90%). A crystal structure determination of this complex reveale...
A Horizontal Thermal Gradient Cloud Condensation Nucleus Spectrometer

Abstract A new cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrometer capable of simulating the desired range of cloud supersaturation in a single chamber is developed. It can rapidly and continuously measure and display the spatial and temporal distributions of the CCN activity spectrum with high resolution and is suitable for airborne, field and laboratory studies. Details of the spectrometer design for producing a range of supersaturations in the sample air flow, controlled size of activated droplets for detection, and of mechanisms for continuous sampling, scanning and recording are presented. The dependency of the plateau in number concentration of the activated CCN on the sample air flow rate and the detection limit are analyzed. The droplet counting mechanism is compared with the direct photographic method and is found in reasonable agreement. The usefulness of the spectrometer is demonstrated by detecting the simulated smoke plume in the laboratory in real time. Measurements on an urban aerosol indicate a s...
Hemodialysis Adequacy: A Review

“Adequate dialysis” is interpreted as the amount of dialysis required to keep a patient alive and relatively asymptomatic. Since the inception of hemodialysis, there have been numerous approaches to quantify the delivered dialysis dose in a reproducible manner, and to link the dialysis dose with clinical outcomes.
Christianity in Oceania

Review of John Barker's (ed.) 1990. Christianity in Oceania: Ethnographic Perspectives ASAO Monograph No. 12. Lanham, New York, London: University Press of America.
CAN ONE REALLY STUDY CHAOS ANALYTICALLY

One generally thinks that chaos can be studied only numerically by aid of the computer. It is however suggested by the theorem of Sharkovskii and Li and Yorke that in Id continuous maps analytical studies are possible. How one might achieve such a goal in one special map is described.
Quality of attachment in the preschool years

This is a theoretical paper about differences in quality of attachment in preschool-aged children with emphasis on the development of the goal-corrected partnership. Inferences are made about the processes underlying preschoolers' attachment behavior. Specifically, the notion of quality of attachment is expanded to explicitly include strategy, regulation of affect, negotiation, secure base behavior, and response to maternal behavior. The classificatory system is expanded by adding two additional defended patterns, that is, compulsive caregiving and compulsive compliance, to the infant avoidant pattern. Furthermore, at the preschool age, the infant ambivalent pattern is identified as having a coercive strategy. In addition, the disorganized infant category is reconceptualized in terms of complex organization, reorganization, and disorganization. Finally, the process of generating new theories and hypotheses through a “participant observer” methodology is considered from the perspective of developmental psychopathology.
The role of uniaxial strain in tailoring the interfacial properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the (LaO)+1/(TiO2)0 n-type interface in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructures (HS) opens up new opportunities in next-generation nanoelectronic devices because of its unique and tunable physical properties. In this respect, strain plays an important role in tailoring the 2DEG properties of STO-based HS systems. Our first-principles calculations reveal that a uniaxial strain along the [100]-direction of the STO substrate significantly affects the chemical bonding of LAO and STO near the interfacial region, which can further alter the interfacial electronic properties. We find that uniaxial tensile strain can considerably increase the interfacial charge carrier density, which is consistent with the recent experimental findings in [Moler et al., Nat. Mater., 2013, 12, 1091]. Our results also indicate that uniaxial compressive strain on STO can lead to higher interfacial charge carrier density and larger magnetic moments than uniaxial tensile strain, and further that the 2DEG in the compressively strained systems displays superior charge confinement in the c-direction. For the sake of comparison, the effects of ab-plane biaxial compressive and tensile strains applied on the STO substrate were also investigated. It is found that biaxial tensile strain improves the interfacial electronic properties and magnetic moments, while biaxial compressive strain shows the opposite effect.
The significance of bundle branch block during acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Analysis of the course of 71 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by bundle branch block (BBB) confirms a high incidence of atrioventricular (A-V) block (42 per cent) and severe pump failure (35 per cent) in these patients. Hospital mortality was not correlated with BBB per se, but rather with the associated development of second or third degree A-V block (57 per cent with A-V block vs. 12 per cent without A-V block; p
Dyadic effects of democratization on international disputes

I explore the dyadic, as opposed to monadic, effect of democratization on war. Using a simple repeated game of interstate interaction, I show that, as a state shifts towards democracy, its citizens aquire more opportunities and become more willing to remove those leaders that they expect will reduce their welfare. Rational leaders anticipate this consequence, and their incentives to maintain cooperative relationships with other democracies increase as their states become democratic. The hypothesis drawn from the model predicts that democratization will have a pacifying effect in a dyadic relationship between democracies. Empirical testing is designed to isolate the dyadic effect from the monadic and to distinguish among competing hypotheses. The predictions are tested with widely used data on political institutions and militarized interstate disputes. The result shows that democratization indeed reduces the likelihood of waging war. However, this pacifying effect is largely attributed to the dyadic effect with a democratic opponent; the risk of war remains unchanged when facing a non-democratic opponent.
A genome-wide approach to identify genetic variants that contribute to etoposide-induced cytotoxicity

Large interindividual variance has been observed in sensitivity to drugs. To comprehensively decipher the genetic contribution to these variations in drug susceptibility, we present a genome-wide model using human lymphoblastoid cell lines from the International HapMap consortium, of which extensive genotypic information is available, to identify genetic variants that contribute to chemotherapeutic agent-induced cytotoxicity. Our model integrated genotype, gene expression, and sensitivity of HapMap cell lines to drugs. Cell lines derived from 30 trios of European descent (Center d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain population) and 30 trios of African descent (Yoruban population) were used. Cell growth inhibition at increasing concentrations of etoposide for 72 h was determined by using alamarBlue assay. Gene expression on 176 HapMap cell lines (87 Center d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain population and 89 Yoruban population) was determined by using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0ST Array. We evaluated associations between genotype and cytotoxicity, genotype and gene expression and correlated gene expression of the identified candidates with cytotoxicity. The analysis identified 63 genetic variants that contribute to etoposide-induced toxicity through their effect on gene expression. These include genes that may play a role in cancer (AGPAT2, IL1B, and WNT5B) and genes not yet known to be associated with sensitivity to etoposide. This unbiased method can be used to elucidate genetic variants contributing to a wide range of cellular phenotypes induced by chemotherapeutic agents.