cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quenching of Metals Containing Impurity. I. Face-Centered-Cubic Metals

General kinetic equations between vacancies, divacancies, and impurity atoms are presented. Some applications of these equations to the reactions during quenching are treated. The critical temperatures or freezing temperatures which determine the status after the quench are also given. The treatment shows that the cooling rate near the critical temperature is important, and these temperatures are rather low in usual cases. The treatment is in good agreement with the results of the actual change during quenching calculated by a digital computer. A relation between the binding energy ${B}_{\mathrm{Vi}}$ of an impurity atom and a vacancy and the solubility limit ${C}_{L}$ of the impurity is presented. A relation between the binding energy and the heat of solution $H$ is also discussed. The tentative relation is ${B}_{\mathrm{Vi}}=0.52H=(\ensuremath{-}0.088 log{C}_{L}+0.088)$ eV.
The evolution and phylogeography of the African elephant inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite markers.

Recent genetic results support the recognition of two African elephant species: Loxodonta africana , the savannah elephant, and Loxodonta cyclotis , the forest elephant. The study, however, did not include the populations of West Africa, where the taxonomic affinities of elephants have been much debated. We examined mitochondrial cytochrome b control region sequences and four microsatellite loci to investigate the genetic differences between the forest and savannah elephants of West and Central Africa. We then combined our data with published control region sequences from across Africa to examine patterns at the continental level. Our analysis reveals several deeply divergent lineages that do not correspond with the currently recognized taxonomy: (i) the forest elephants of Central Africa; (ii) the forest and savannah elephants of West Africa; and (iii) the savannah elephants of eastern, southern and Central Africa. We propose that the complex phylogeographic patterns we detect in African elephants result from repeated continental–scale climatic changes over their five–to–six million year evolutionary history. Until there is consensus on the taxonomy, we suggest that the genetic and ecological distinctness of these lineages should be an important factor in conservation management planning.
Reflections on religious nationalism, conflict and schooling in developing democracies: India and Israel in comparative perspective

This article explores the relationship between the propagation of religious nationalist citizenship discourses in classrooms and inter‐religious conflict in the context of two developing democracie...
Visual acuity: Information theory, retinal image structure and resolution thresholds

The traditional view of the resolving power of the eye as based on the Rayleigh Criterion needs extension in view of insight gained from information theory. As first pointed out by Toraldo di Francia, the image of a double line is subtly different from that of a single line even when there is no central dip. Given an image, the uncertainty concerning the generating object can be expressed numerically in bits. With the available data on the optical performance and anatomical structure of the normal human eye, details of the distribution of light and of receptor activation have been characterized for foveal two-line resolution. They allow a comparison with the actual performance of the human observer and some conclusions concerning the strategy employed in resolution decisions as well as a more comprehensive analysis of the processes involved in the measurement of visual acuity. The discussion is extended to the case of laser-illuminated targets where the difference between image formation in coherent and incoherent light becomes relevant.
Economic Efficiency of Forest Tree Improvement Programs in the North Central Region

An ex ante benefit-cost analysts was conducted of applied tree improvement programs in the North Central Region through the year 2030. The analysis covered 19 species used to produce timber, 4 species used for Christmas trees, and sugar maple used for sap production. Gross benefits of tree cmprovement were defined to be the drscounted increase in net value due to the higher productivity of improved stock when managed on identical rotations as unimproved stock, and costs were defined to be the present value of expenditures necessary to establish and operate seed orchards. The aggregate benefit-cost ratio for all species throughout the region was estimated to be 19.5 at 4%, with net benefits of $187 million. Of all net benefits, 90% stem from work with Chrtstmas trees, but the aggregate benefit-cost ratco for timber species is 2.8. Differences exist in the estimated efficiency of programs among states, but in general, states have focused their efforts on species with the greatest economic potential. Returns...
Marker rescue from the Nicotiana tabacum plastid genome using a plastid/Escherichia coli shuttle vector.

We recently reported an 868-bp plastid DNA minicircle, NICE1, that formed during transformation in a transplastomic Nicotiana tabacum line. Shuttle plasmids containing NICEI sequences were maintained extrachromosomally in plastids and shown to undergo recombination with NICE1 sequences on the plastid genome. To prove the general utility of the shuttle plasmids, we tested whether plastid genes outside the NICE1 region could be rescued in Escherichia coli. The NICE1-based rescue plasmid, pNICER1, carries NICE1 sequences for maintenance in plastids, the CoIE1 ori for maintenance in E. coli and a spectinomcyin resistance gene (aadA) for selection in both systems. In addition, pNICERl carries a defective kanamycin resistance gene, kan*, to target the rescue of a functional kanamycin resistance gene, kan, from the recipient plastid genome. pNICERl was introduced into plastids where recombination could occur between the homologous kan/kan* sequences, and subsequently rescued in E. coli to recover the products of recombination. Based on the expression of kanamycin resistance in E. coli and the analysis of three restriction fragment polymorphisms, recombinant kan genes were recovered at a high frequency. Efficient rescue of kan from the plastid genome in E. coli indicates that NICE 1-based plasmids are suitable for rescuing mutations from any part of the plastid genome, expanding the repertoire of genetic tools available for plastid biology.
Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering from a-Si:H and a-SiC:H Alloys Prepared by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering

The microstructure of amorphous silicon-based alloys prepared by reactive magnetron sputter (RMS) deposition has been examined on a scale from 1 to 25 nm using small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and compared to that from films prepared by standard glow-discharge (GD) technology. Device-quality RMS a-Si:H material is found to have a larger microvoid fraction than device-quality GD a-Si:H and to have a significantly different size distribution. Addition of by the RMS technique using CH produces enhanced SAXS similar to the introduction of C via CH4 in GD material. A significant difference in the SAXS from RMS a-Si:H and a-SiC:H films compared to GD films is the observation of some oriented microstructure, most likely columnar in nature. Flotation density measurements of the same films examined by SAXS support the assumption that the SAXS originates primarily from microvoids.
Studies on the reaction of n-octane over several tellurium loaded zeolites

Li, K, Rb, and Cs zeolites were prepared by ion exchange of the Na form of Linde 13X zeolite. Te was added to the NaX in the amount of 10 wt%. This ratio remained constant when Te was added to the other zeolites. The catalysts were reduced in H/sub 2/ for 16 h at 500/sup 0/C, and the system was evacuated. Octane and hydrogen were added to the system with He so that the total pressure was 1 atm. The reactants were mixed for 1 h and admitted to the reactor at 450/sup 0/C. Some time later, the reaction was stopped and products were analyzed by automated gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The reaction time, calculated n-octane conversion, and the corresponding first-order rate constant are reported. Mechanisms, by which aromatization, isomerization and thermal cracking occur, are suggested. The selectivity of the varius zeolites is discussed. 3 tables.
Peripheral neuropathy in the cherry‐red spot—myoclonus syndrome (Sialidosis type I)

A patient with the cherry-red spot-myoclonus syndrome associated with autosomal recessive deficiency of lysosomal neuraminidase was found to have clinical, electrophysiological, and morphological evidence of a sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy with distinctive inclusions in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells.
Cellular response to androgen depletion and repletion in the rat ventral prostate: Autoradiography and morphometric analysis

The effect of androgen depletion/repletion on the cell types of the rat ventral prostate has been studied using light microscope autoradiography and morphometric analysis. All prostatic cells were assigned to one of the following groups: epithelial, endothelial, stromal (periacinar), or stromal (interacinar). With the exception of the latter group, the numbers of all other cell types were significantly reduced by androgen depletion (castration), and increased by repletion thereafter. During the repletion period, the labeling index of all cell types rose in parallel and peaked 72 hours postinitiation of androgen replacement. The size of the proliferating pool just prior to the peak day was determined. Forty-five percent of the total prostatic cell population was found to be labeled. The epithelial cell group contained the greatest proportion of labeled cells, but significant percentages occurred in the other types. These results precisely define the temporal effects of androgen replacement on prostatic cell population dynamics in the castrate rat.
Electrical Storm After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Due to a Kinked Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft

Ischemic postoperative ventricular arrhythmias may complicate coronary artery bypass surgery, and may be difficult to treat unless the ischemic substrate is rescued. This report describes a case of a kinked graft that caused incessant polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia. The treatment was surgical correction of the crook.
Analytical interpretation of density‐currents of air chilled by nocturnal radiation

The flow of cold air down slopes on clear, calm nights is a familiar phenomenon which is of great significance to citrus growers during radiation frost weather. The current is due to the fact that chilled air is more dense than that unchilled and therefore tends to underrun the lighter air. This phenomenon is somewhat similar to the submerged flow of salt water, or of water with solids in suspension, under clear fresh water. The status of knowledge in those fields is seen in papers such as those by O'Brien and Cherno, by Kalinske, and by Dobbins [see 15, 9, 10, 3 of “References” at end of paper]. The authors have not seen an adequate analytical method which would satisfactorily treat buoyancy-stability and account for the eddy-transfer of heat or moisture across fluid planes of zero shear-stress. It is hoped that critical discussions of this paper will lead to that objective.
Enhanced individual trabecular repair and its mechanical implications in parathyroid hormone and alendronate treated rat tibial bone.

Combined parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bisphosphonate (alendronate—ALN) therapy has recently been shown to increase bone volume fraction and plate-like trabecular structure beyond either monotherapy. To identify the mechanism through which plate-like structure was enhanced, we used in vivo microcomputed tomography (μCT) of the proximal tibia metaphysis and individual trabecular dynamics (ITD) analysis to quantify connectivity repair (incidences of rod connection and plate perforation filling) and deterioration (incidences of rod disconnection and plate perforation). Three-month-old female, intact rats were scanned before and after a 12 day treatment period of vehicle (Veh, n = 5), ALN (n = 6), PTH (n = 6), and combined (PTH+ALN, n = 6) therapy. Additionally, we used computational simulation and finite element (FE) analysis to delineate the contributions of connectivity repair or trabecular thickening to trabecular bone stiffness. Our results showed that the combined therapy group had greater connectivity repair (5.8 ± 0.5% connected rods and 2.0 ± 0.3% filled plates) beyond that of the Veh group, resulting in the greatest net gain in connectivity. For all treatment groups, increases in bone volume due to thickening (5–31%) were far greater than those due to connectivity repair (2–3%). Newly formed bone contributing only to trabecular thickening caused a 10%, 41%, and 69% increase in stiffness in the ALN, PTH, and PTH+ALN groups, respectively. Moreover, newly formed bone that led to connectivity repair resulted in an additional improvement in stiffness, with the highest in PTH+ALN (by an additional 12%), which was significantly greater than either PTH (5.6%) or ALN (4.5%). An efficiency ratio was calculated as the mean percent increase in stiffness divided by mean percent increase in BV for either thickening or connectivity repair in each treatment. For all treatments, the efficiency ratio of connectivity repair (ALN: 2.9; PTH: 3.4; PTH+ALN: 4.4) was higher than that due to thickening (ALN: 2.0; PTH: 1.7; PTH+ALN: 2.2), suggesting connectivity repair required less new bone formation to induce larger gains in stiffness. We conclude that through rod connection and plate perforation filling PTH+ALN combination therapy improved bone stiffness in a more efficient and effective manner than either monotherapy.
Levels in 89Y populated by decay of 89Zr

Abstract Gamma spectra resulting from the decay of 89Zr were measured and used to obtain the level scheme of 89Y. The 89Y target was bombarded with ≈ 10 MeV protons. Transitions assigned to 89Y are 908, 1506, 1617, 1655, 1712 and 1744 keV. Energy levels of 89Y are assigned as 908, 1506, 1744, 2525, 2563 and 2620 keV.
Noncontact NDE of microscopic surface-breaking cracks using laser generated and detected ultrasonic surface waves

Laser ultrasonic imaging of surface acoustic waves on a material surface provides a non-contact and sensitive method for detecting and characterizing defects and anomalies in aerospace and industrial materials. It has recently been shown that the surface acoustic wave interactions with sharp material discontinuities such as surface-breaking cracks provides an additional benefit of an intensification of the displacement field in the immediate vicinity of the crack site. This near-field intensification can be exploited by scanning, point-by-point, a laser-ultrasonic system to create detailed microscopic images of the surface breaking cracks. In this effort, a number of laser ultrasonic system parameters were studied to better understand the optimized conditions to imaging surface breaking cracks using ultrasonic generation in the thermoelastic regime, and laser detection of ultrasound fields using heterodyne interferometer. In particular, laser beam sizes, separation distances, and motives were varied. In addition, several different time-gating analysis methods were studied, which had a significant effect on both the characteristics as well as the quality of the resultant crack images.
Nitric Oxide Provokes Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression in Adult Feline Myocardium Through a cGMP-Dependent Pathway

Background—The mechanism(s) responsible for the persistent coexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) in the failing heart is unknown. Methods and Results—To determine whether NO was sufficient to provoke TNF-α biosynthesis, we examined the effects of an NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP), in buffer-perfused Langendorff hearts. SNAP (1 μmol/L) treatment resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in myocardial TNF-α mRNA and protein biosynthesis in adult cat hearts. The effects of SNAP were completely abrogated by a NO quenching agent, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (C-PTIO), and mimicked by sodium nitroprusside. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that SNAP treatment led to the rapid induction of nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF-κB) but not AP-1. The importance of the cGMP pathway in terms of mediating NO-induced TNF-α biosynthesis was shown by studies that demonstrated that 8-bromo-cGMP mimicked the effects of S...
Abnormal glucose tolerance testing after gastric bypass.

Abstract Background Symptoms secondary to dumping have been suggested to help patients refrain from simple carbohydrate ingestion after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). During follow-up examinations, we noted many patients with weight regain complaining of fatigue shortly after eating. Thus, we decided to study the glucose tolerance test (GTT) results in a cohort of post-RYGB patients. Methods A total of 63 RYGB patients, >6 months postoperatively, were studied with a GTT and measurement of insulin levels. The mean age was 48.5 ± 10.8 years, mean preoperative body mass index was 49.0 ± 6.5 kg/m 2 , mean percentage of excess body mass index lost was 64.5% ± 29.0%, mean weight regain at follow-up was 11.6 ± 12.4 lb, and mean follow-up period was 47.9 months. Results Of the 63 patients, 49 had abnormal GTT results. Of the 63 patients, 6 were diabetic; however, only 1 of these patients had an elevated fasting glucose level. All 6 patients were diabetic preoperatively. Of the 63 patients, 43 had evidence of reactive hypoglycemia at 1–2 hours after the glucose load. Of these patients, 22 had a maximum/minimum glucose ratio >3:1, including 7 with a ratio >4:1. Conclusion The results of the present study have demonstrated that an abnormal GTT result is a common finding after RYGB. Reactive hypoglycemia was found in 43 of 63 patients, with insulin values that do not support nesidioblastosis. It is our hypothesis, that rather than preventing simple carbohydrate ingestion, the induced hypoglycemia that occurs might contribute to weight regain and maladaptive eating in certain post-RYGB patients.
Optimal industrial targeting with unknown learning-by-doing

Abstract We examine a government's optimal targeting policy when it has limited information about the learning curves of domestic producers. Popular arguments suggest that in order to promote learning-by-doing, the government might want to protect domestic producers from foreign competition by temporarily closing the domestic market to foreign producers. We identify a set of conditions under which such trade intervention is not optimal. Instead, domestic welfare is better fostered either by no government intervention, or by providing subsidies to the most capable domestic producers who are willing to set a particularly low domestic price for their product.
Markets: Ready-Mixed Concrete

Concrete's natural color is gray. Its favored uses are utilitarian. Its very ubiquity causes it to blend into the background. But ready-mix concrete does have one remarkable characteristic: other than manufactured ice, perhaps no other manufacturing industry faces greater transport barriers. The transportation problem arises because ready-mix concrete both has a low value-to-weight ratio and is highly perishable -- it absolutely must be discharged from the truck before it hardens. These transportation barriers mean ready-mixed concrete must be produced near its customers. For the same reason, foreign trade in ready-mixed concrete is essentially nonexistent. This article is an introduction to the basics of the market for ready-mix concrete, focusing mainly on its consumers and its producers in the United States, but with occasional comparisons to other countries when contrasts are useful.
Expanding the four resources model: reading visual and multi-modal texts

Freebody and Luke proffered an expanded conceptualization of the resources readers utilize when reading and the roles readers adopt during the act of reading. The four resources model, and its associated four roles of the reader, expanded the definition of reading from a simple model of decoding printed texts to a model of constructing meaning and analysing texts in sociocultural contexts. This article continues the reconceptualization of the four resources model to four resources or social practices for reading–viewing multi-modal texts. Drawing on research and theories from visual culture, semiotics, critical media studies, grammars of visual design and multi-modal analysis, the expanded four resources or social practices are reader-viewer as (1) navigator, (2) interpreter, (3) designer and (4) interrogator. Each resource-practice is described in detail and the interpretive repertoires required of reader-viewers transacting with multi-modal texts from each perspective are considered.
Comparison of two methodologies for calibrating satellite instruments in the visible and near infrared

Traditionally, satellite instruments that measure Earth-reflected solar radiation in the visible and near infrared wavelength regions have been calibrated for radiance response in a two-step method. In the first step, the spectral response of the instrument is determined using a nearly monochromatic light source, such as a lamp-illuminated monochromator. Such sources only provide a relative spectral response (RSR) for the instrument, since they do not act as calibrated sources of light nor do they typically fill the field-of-view of the instrument. In the second step, the instrument views a calibrated source of broadband light, such as a lamp-illuminated integrating sphere. In the traditional method, the RSR and the sphere spectral radiance are combined and, with the instrument's response, determine the absolute spectral radiance responsivity of the instrument. More recently, an absolute calibration system using widely tunable monochromatic laser systems has been developed. Using these sources, the absolute spectral responsivity (ASR) of an instrument can be determined on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis. From these monochromatic ASRs, the responses of the instrument bands to broadband radiance sources can be calculated directly, eliminating the need for calibrated broadband light sources such as integrating spheres. Here we describe the laser-based calibration and the traditional broad-band sourcebased calibration of the NPP VIIRS sensor, and compare the derived calibration coefficients for the instrument. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the new calibration approach on the on-orbit performance of the sensor.
Analysis of Intracranial Pressure in Hydrocephalus

SUMMARY A practical intracranial pressure telemeter has been designed and tested for long-term dynamic and static measurement of absolute intracranial pressure. Paraffin coating created stability without affecting sensitivity or dynamic qualities. The range of detection is promising for human intracranial implantation and the long-term evaluation of hydrocephalus managed by means of pressure-dependent valve-regulated shunts. RESUME Ln telemetre pratique de la pression intracranienne a ete mis au point et teste pour les mesures a long terme dynamiques et statiques de la pression intracranienne absolue. Un revetement de parafine assure la stabilite sans nuire a la sensibilite ou aux qualites dynamiques. L'etendue de la detection est encourageante pour l'implatation intracranienne chez l'homme et revaluation a long terme de l'hydrocephalie traitee au moyen de shunts regularises par valve dependant de la pression. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ein praktischer, intrakranieller Druck-Telemeter ist entworfen und fur langfristige, aktive und statische Messung des absoluten, intrakraniellen Druckes getestet worden. Ein Paraffinuberzug tragt zur Stabilitat bei, ohne jedoch die Reaktionsfahigkeit der aktiven Qualitaten zu beeintrachtigen. Der Umfang der Ermittlung sieht vielversprechend aus fur menschliche intrakranielle Implantation und der langfristigen Bewertung von Hydrocephalus, der durch druckabhangige, ventilregulierte Shunts behandelt wird. RESUMEN Se ha construido y probado un telemetro practico para medir la presion intracraneal. Se lo ha utilizado a largo plazo para la medicion dinamica y estatica de la presion intracraneal absoluta. Un revestimiento de parafina aseguraba la estabilidad sin afectar la sensitividad ni las calidades dinamicas. El campo extenso de eficacia promete mucho para la implantacion intracraneal humana, y para la valoracion a largo plazo de la hidrocefalia controlada por medio de shunts regulados por valvulas dependientes de presion.
Role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the liver and intestine in the etiology of postprandial peaks in plasma triglyceride concentration

Plasma triglyceride concentration in human subjects peaks once, twice or three times in the twelve-hour period following the ingestion of a fat-rich meal. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) containing apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 (of intestinal origin), and TRL containing apoB-100 (predominantly of hepatic origin) both contribute to postprandial changes in plasma triglyceride concentration. To test the hypothesis that earlier peaks in postprandial triglyceridemia are due predominantly to the secretion of TRL from the intestine, while later peaks are due to the secretion of TRL from the liver, TRL apoB-48, TRL apoB-100 and retinyl ester (a marker of intestinal lipoproteins) were measured in plasma samples from subjects fed a fat-rich meal (1 g fat/kg body wt). Data from seven subjects (four fed 40 retinol equivalents vitamin A/kg body wt, three fed 20 retinol equivalents vitamin A/kg body wt, with the fat meal), showed that postprandial peaks in plasma triglyceride were always associated with increases in plasma retinyl ester concentration. In four subjects, who were selected because they had two clearly defined postprandial triglyceride peaks, the plasma concentration of TRL triglyceride, apoB-48, apoE and apoC increased in conjunction with both the earlier (three hour) and later (nine hour) peaks in plasma triglyceride. Increase in TRL apoB-100 was associated with both peaks in two of the four subjects. Our data suggest that 1) TRL from the liver and intestine contribute to both earlier and later peaks in postprandial triglyceridemia; and 2) the rate of appearance of TRL from the intestine is not constant after dietary fat absorption.
What Do Dogs know about Hidden Objects

Abstract Previous research has found that dogs will search accurately for an invisibly displaced object when the task is simplified and contextual ambiguity is eliminated [Dore, F.Y., Fiset, S., Goulet, S., Dumas, M.-C., Gagnon, S., 1996. Search behavior in cats and dogs: interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition. Animal Learning & Behavior 24, 142–149; Miller, H., Gipson, C., Vaughan, A., Rayburn-Reeves, R., Zentall, T.R., 2009. Object permanence in dogs: invisible displacement in a rotation task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 16 (1), 150–155]. For example, when an object is placed inside an occluder, one of which was attached to each end of a beam that could be rotated 90°, dogs search inside of the appropriate occluder. The current research confirmed this finding and tested the possibility that the dogs were using a perceptual/conditioning mechanism (i.e., their gaze was drawn to the occluder as the object was placed inside and they continued looking at it as it rotated). The test was done by introducing a delay between the displacement of the object and the initiation of the dogs’ search. In Experiment 1, during the delay, a barrier was placed between the dog and the apparatus. In Experiment 2, the lights were turned off during the delay. The search accuracy for some dogs was strongly affected by the delay, however, search accuracy for other dogs was not affected. These results suggest that although a perceptual/conditioning mechanism may be involved for some dogs, it cannot account for the performance of others. It is likely that these other dogs showed true object permanence.
C-type natriuretic peptide mediates the hypothalamic actions of the natriuretic peptides to inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion

Both A- and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and CNP, respectively) significantly reduce LH secretion when injected into the third cerebral ventricle of conscious rats. To establish which natriuretic peptide receptor subtype transduces these inhibitory messages, we have employed novel cytotoxin cell targeting techniques to selectively destroy cells in the hypothalamus that respond to ANP or CNP. Rats pretreated with ANP conjugated to the toxic A-chain of the plant cytotoxin ricin failed 1 week later to respond to central injection of ANP with the normal inhibition of LH secretion. These rats did, however, respond with significant inhibition of LH secretion to central injection of CNP. In fact, the LH inhibition observed after CNP injection was significantly greater than that expressed after similar injection of CNP in rats pretreated with unconjugated ricin A-chain (toxin control). Those control rats displayed significant reduction of LH levels in response to ANP injection as well. Plasma LH levels were n...
The Sounds of Vatican II: Musical Change and Experimentation in Two U.S. Trappist Monasteries, 1965–1984

The Second Vatican Council impacted the use of liturgical music within religious communities. Two U.S. Trappist monasteries, New Melleray Abbey in Dubuque, Iowa, and Gethsemani Abbey in Bardstown, Kentucky, evidenced distinctive approaches to the musical freedom resulting from the Vatican II reforms. New Melleray incorporated contemporary folk music and instruments. At Gethsemani, Father Chrysogonus Waddell pioneered the use of Gregorian notation and English psalmody. The musical changes had a profound effect on the Trappists’ celebration of the Mass and the praying of the Liturgy of the Hours.
Echocardiographic manifestations of discrete subaortic stenosis.

Abstract The echocardiographic manifestations of discrete membranous subaortic stenosis are described in three cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in all and at operation in two. The characteristic finding in these patients was abnormal movement of the aortic valve leaflets. The leaflets opened rapidly with the onset of systole, then exhibited abrupt premature closure shortly after ventricular ejection. The valve remained partially closed throughout the remainder of systole. This premature leaflet closure Is believed to be caused by obstruction to aortic valve flow produced by the band-like fibrous subaortic tissue. The valve leaflets also exhibited a gross fluttering motion possibly caused by a jet stream effect of the turbulent blood hitting the leaflets. In the two patients treated surgically, postoperative echograms continued to show premature leaflet closure but the degree of closure was decreased. The echocardlogram of one patient had the characteristic systolic anterior bulge of the mitral valve observed in muscular subaortic stenosis or idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Our data suggest that the following echocardiographic findings are suggestive if not specific for discrete subaortic stenosis: aortic valve closure early in systole, persistent valve closure throughout the remainder of systole, coarse fluttering of the leaflets, and absence of asymmetric septal hypertrophy.
Phagocytosis by epidermal cells of the mantle in Mytilus edulis L. (Mollusca: bivalvia)

Abstract Phagocytosis of particles in the extrapallial space of the mussel, Mytilus edulis , by cells of the mantle is described. The significance of phagocytosis, pinocytosis and pearl formation to the cleansing of the extrapallial space is discussed.
Surface recession of phenolic nylon in low- density arc-heated air

Surface recession of low density phenolic nylon in arc heated air using stagnation point models, noting char removal processes
Minimization of functions with multiple-valued outputs: theory and applications

A theoretical framework for the minimization of logic functions with symbolic or multiple-valued outputs is presented. By use of this framework, efficient, exact algorithms for the problems of output encoding and finite-state-machine (FSM) state assignment are developed. All previous automatic approaches to these encoding problems have involved the use of heuristic techniques. A notion of generalized prime implicants is presented for functions with multiple-valued outputs, and a novel minimization procedure of prime implicant generation and covering for solving the output encoding problem is proposed. An optimum solution to this covering problem is also an optimum solution to the encoding problem. A single logic minimization step thus replaces on the order of n-factorial minimizations required by straightforward exhaustive search. It has been shown previously that the input encoding problem can be exactly solved using Boolean minimization over functions with multiple-valued inputs. An extension of the presented algorithm that handles functions with multiple-valued inputs and outputs can be used to solve the state assignment problem exactly. Experimental results are presented for a set of examples. >
LIBGS: A MATLAB software package for gene selection

Many gene selection algorithms have been applied in gene expression data analysis successfully. To solve different developing environments of these toolkits, such as rankgene (Su et al., 2003), and mRMR(http: //research.janelia.org/peng/proj/mrmr/index.htm), perform data analysis and make algorithm comparison more flexible, we have developed a software package LIBGS including: seven new gene selection algorithms implemented using MATLAB; a MATLAB interface for Rankgene; a MATLAB interface for LIBSVM and WEKA; programs for converting data formats; a collection of six popular gene expression data sets. These features make LIBGS a useful tool in gene expression analysis and feature selection.
Cross-hybridization of closely related genes on high-density macroarrays

DNA macroarrays are used in many areas of molecular biology research for applications ranging from gene discovery to gene expression profiling. As an increasing number of specialized macroarrays containing genes related by function or pathway are becoming available, a question that needs to be addressed is the level of hybridization signal specificity between highly similar genes that can be achieved. We have examined the ability of our LifeGrid™ macroarrays to distinguish hybridization signals between closely related genes. We determined the level of cross-hybridization among genes ranging from 52% to 94% sequence identity. Fragments of genes from five protein families were arrayed onto nylon filters. The filters were subsequently hybridized with a 33P-labeled probe prepared from a pool of synthetic mRNA transcripts containing a representative of each protein family. We found that fragments containing sequences with up to 94% sequence identity displayed relatively little cross-hybridization. We conclude ...
EIS studies of a corrosion inhibitor behavior under multiphase flow conditions

Abstract EIS studies of an imidazoline-based inhibitor under multiphase flow conditions were conducted in a large diameter flow loop system. The Warburg diffusion parameter, b f =σω −1/2 was used to qualitatively analyze inhibitor films formed on the metal surface. Experimental results show that the inhibitor films become less porous with increase in exposure time and inhibitor concentration. Inhibition performance of the corrosion inhibitor is reduced in slug flow at high rate of turbulence and bubble impact. This study demonstrates that EIS is an effective technique to investigate the inhibition performance of corrosion inhibitors in turbulent flow conditions.
The Impact of Mexico's Economic Crisis on the Demographic Composition of the Maquiladora Labor Force

This study focuses on the changes that have occurred since 1982 in the demographic composition of the maquiladora labor force. In the period 1983-1987, the number of obreros employed by the industry has more than doubled, increasing to 262,000 (Table 1). The most important influence on labor demand during this period was the sharp decline in the maquiladora firms' dollar-denominated wage bills. This decline was brought about by the progressive depreciation of the peso in combination with a conservative government wage policy. Labor supply behavior since 1982 has been more problematic; government-determined increases in the benchmark minimum wage have lagged well behind the inflation rate. As a result, the real purchasing power of peso wages is estimated to have fallen 40 percent since 1982. Despite the reduction in real wages, the supply of labor to the maquiladora industry has expanded to accommodate the near-explosive growth of labor demand. In this article we argue and present evidence that maquiladoras, constrained to honor the minimum wage as both a wage floor and wage ceiling, have influenced the elasticity of the labor supply curves they face by broadening hiring criteria and by seeking locations in the interior of Mexico where there are higher levels of unemployment and lower labor force participation rates (LFPR). Further, we advance the proposition that falling real family incomes have influenced border labor supply by stimulating the flow of job seekers to the border area where jobs are plentiful and by encouraging higher LFPRs. Finally, the results of the two post-1982 surveys of maquiladora workers in Cd. Juarez are presented. The surveys provide microlevel insights into how rapid industrial expansion in an environment of general recession has influenced industry employment policies and the characteristics of the maquiladora workforce.
Intracellular pH during reperfusion influences evoked potential recovery after complete cerebral ischemia.

Increasing ischemic duration delays recovery of intracellular pH and depresses recovery of somatosensory evoked potentials. We tested whether manipulation of the rate of pH recovery influences evoked potential recovery after complete ischemia.Four groups of eight anesthetized dogs underwent 12 minutes of complete ischemia followed by 4 hours of reperfusion with either 1) normocapnia, 2) normocapnia and acetazolamide (25 mg/kg at reperfusion plus 12.5 mg/kg per hour, 3) hypocapnia, or 4) hypercapnia. Intracellular pH was measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and intracellular bicarbonate was calculated using sagittal sinus partial pressure of CO2 during reperfusion.In the normocapnic control group, intracellular pH decreased from 7.10 +/- 0.04 (+/- SEM) to 6.13 +/- 0.08 during ischemia and recovered to 6.90 +/- 0.08 by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Bicarbonate also largely recovered (9.9 +/- 1.6 mM). With acetazolamide pH (6.51 +/- 0.10) and estimated bicarbonate (4.8 +/- 1.3 mM) remained de...
Design and Evaluation of a Green Ambulance

With growing concerns about the impact of vehicles on the environment and the increasing cost of fossil fuels, initiatives are emerging to improve future designs as well as to retrofit and study current systems. Through a developing collaboration in the Rocky Mountain region, a multidisciplinary team evaluated the current performance of an in-service ambulance to determine if alternative energy could be used to reduce the carbon footprint and save fuel costs. Design analysis of geographic location and vehicle route were completed to identify the amount of alternative energy required to reduce the amount of fuel burned during idle events. Based on this data a solar po-wered system was created and implemented. Evaluation of the performance of this system was performed to determine how the design could be optimized and improved for future deployments. Results from this initial investigation are presented.
A Demographic Study of Information Technology Professionals' Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has been suggested to facilitate organizational functioning. However, previous research has found that information technology (IT) professionals exhibit significantly lower OCB than non-IT professionals. To explain this phenomenon, this research includes demographic variables including age, gender, and tenure and examines their impact on the OCB of these highly skilled professionals. Using IT professionals as the unit of analysis with a sample size of 85, the results indicate that age and tenure are significant predictors of an IT professional’s OCB. Results of this research can be used by organizations and managers to establish a work environment where OCB is encouraged.
Laboratory investigations of the hydrodynamics and radar backscattering properties of breaking waves

An experiment was conducted in a 110 m/spl times/7.6 m/spl times/4 m deep Marine Hydrodynamics facility to study the hydrodynamics of intermediate scale breaking waves and how they effect radar backscatter. An energetic spilling breaking wave, characterized by considerable whitecapping, was chosen for analysis. To characterize the wave, an array of seven capacitance wave probes were placed throughout the test basin. The waveprobes observed the temporal evolution of the breaking waves at multiple spatial locations, and were used to determine the spectral content of the pre and post-breaking small scale roughness. Wave probe data showed that the breaking wave reached its greatest amplitude at breaking and then decreased rapidly thereafter. Spectral analysis of the waveprobe data showed that prior to wave breaking, the spectral wave energy was confined to the low frequency wave components of the generated wave group. After breaking, some energy was transferred to high frequency waves, and some energy was dissipated. The energy transferred to the high frequency waves appeared as small scale roughness and was found to influence the radar backscatter.
Long-Term Survival and Competing Causes of Death in Patients With Early-Stage Hodgkin’s Disease Treated at Age 50 or Younger

PURPOSE: To analyze the long-term survival and the pattern and timing of excess mortality in patients with early-stage Hodgkin’s disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1969 and 1997, 1,080 patients age 50 or younger were treated for clinical stage IA to IIB Hodgkin’s disease. Overall survival was determined, and prognostic factors were assessed. Relative risk and absolute excess risk (AR) of mortality were calculated for the entire cohort and by prognostic groups (on the basis of B symptoms, mediastinal status, and number of sites, modified from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 12 years. The 15- and 20-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were 84% and 78%, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models showed that number of involved sites (P = .006), mediastinal status (P = .02), and histology (P = .02) were independent predictors of death from all causes. The AR of mortality in patients with a favorable prognosis increased over time, wherea...
Effects of problem-based learning on clinical reasoning in occupational therapy

OBJECTIVE: Problem-based learning (PBL) has been described as an educational method that enhances clinical reasoning skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an intensive, problem-based course on the development of clinical reasoning skills of undergraduate occupational therapy students. METHOD: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used with a convenience sample of 48 undergraduate seniors. All students participated in an intensive 5-week, 30-hour, PBL course scheduled just prior to Level II fieldwork. The Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (SACRR) developed by Royeen, Mu, Barrett, and Luebben (2001) was administered on the first and last days of the course. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed statistically significant differences in pre- and posttest scores for 11 of 26 items on the SACRR. In addition, the overall total score increased from 96.88 to 102.55 (p < .01). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a short, but intensive PBL course in the senior year of an occupational therapy curriculum can significantly facilitate the development of students' clinical reasoning skills.
Structurally-induced elastic anomalies in a superlattice of (001) twist grain boundaries

It is suggested that the “supermodulus effect” observed for composition-modulated strained-layer superlattices may arise from the presence of the structurally disordered solid interfaces and not necessarily from electronic-structure effects. The latter are excluded by investigating the elastic properties of a so-called grain-boundary superlattice in which chemically identical materials are joined to form a three-dimensional superlattice. Both an embedded-atom-method and Lennard-Jones potential are employed in our zero-temperature atomistic calculations of the elastic constants and moduli of such a superlattice. They yield qualitatively similar results which, for large modulation wavelengths, can be represented by a mean-field model in which the interfacial regions are characterized by a set of effective elastic constants which are different from those of the bulk regions. The appearance of a maximum in the biaxial modulus and a minimum in the shear modulus is shown to arise from the interaction between interfaces. It is also shown that such extreme anomalies appear only in the moduli but not in the elastic constants of the grain-boundary superlattice.
Using mechanistic Bayesian networks to identify downstream targets of the Sonic Hedgehog pathway

The topology of a biological pathway provides clues as to how a pathway operates, but rationally using this topology information with observed gene expression data remains a challenge. We introduce a new general-purpose analytic method called Mechanistic Bayesian Networks (MBNs) that allows for the integration of gene expression data and known constraints within a signal or regulatory pathway to predict new downstream pathway targets. The MBN framework is implemented in an open-source Bayesian network learning package, the Python Environment for Bayesian Learning (PEBL). We demonstrate how MBNs can be used by modeling the early steps of the sonic hedgehog pathway using gene expression data from different developmental stages and genetic backgrounds in mouse. Using the MBN approach we are able to automatically identify many of the known downstream targets of the hedgehog pathway such as Gas1 and Gli1, along with a short list of likely targets such as Mig12. The MBN approach shown here can easily be extended to other pathways and data types to yield a more mechanistic framework for learning genetic regulatory models.
Real-time communication in multihop networks

Communication in real-time systems has to be predictable, because unpredictable delays in the delivery of messages can adversely affect the execution of tasks dependent on these messages. We develop a scheme for providing predictable interprocess communication in real-time systems with (partially connected) point-to-point interconnection networks, which provide guarantees on the maximum delivery time for messages. This scheme is based on the concept of a real-time channel, a unidirectional connection between source and destination. A real-time channel has parameters that describe the performance requirements of the source-destination communication, e.g., from a sensor station to a control site. Once such a channel is established, the communications subsystem guarantees that these performance requirements will be met. We concentrate on methods to compute guarantees for the delivery time of messages belonging to real-time channels. We also address problems associated with allocating buffers for these messages and develop a scheme that preserves delivery time guarantees. >
Moderne Projektsteuerung in einer mehrdimensionalen Matrixorganisation

TRW Automotive ist ein Global Player in der Automobilzulieferbranche und gehort mit einem Gesamtumsatz von ungefahr 13 Milliarden US-Dollar zu den zehn grosten Unternehmen in dieser Branche. Das Unternehmen hat seinen Hauptsitz in Livonia/Michigan in den USA und ist an der New Yorker Borse notiert. Weltweit sind bei TRW mehr als 63.000 Mitarbeiter an uber 200 Standorten beschaftigt. In Deutschland hat das Unternehmen etwa 12.200 Beschaftigte in 19 Betriebsstatten.