cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dimensional brain-behavior relationships in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background Emerging neuroscientific and genetic findings emphasize the dimensional rather than the categorical aspects of psychiatric disorders. However, the integration of dimensional approaches within the current categorical diagnostic framework remains unclear. Here, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether dimensional measures of psychiatric symptomatology capture brain-behavior relationships unaccounted for by categorical diagnoses. Additionally, we examined whether dimensional brain-behavior relationships are modified by the presence of a categorically defined illness, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 37 typically developing children (aged 10.2 ± 2; 21 female subjects) and 37 children meeting DSM-IV Text Revision criteria for ADHD (9.7 ± 2; 11 female subjects). Parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing and Internalizing scores served as dimensional measures in our analyses of default network (DN) resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). Results Regardless of diagnosis, we observed several significant relationships between DN RSFC and both internalizing and externalizing scores. Increased internalizing scores were associated with stronger positive intra-DN RSFC, while increased externalizing scores were associated with reduced negative RSFC between DN and task-positive regions such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Several of these brain-behavior relationships differed depending on the categorical presence of ADHD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that while categorical diagnostic boundaries provide an inadequate basis for understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric illness cannot be viewed simply as an extreme of typical neural or behavioral function. Efforts to understand the neural underpinnings of psychiatric illness should incorporate both categorical and dimensional clinical assessments.
Using web-graph distance for relevance feedback in web search

We study the effect of user supplied relevance feedback in improving web search results. Rather than using query refinement or document similarity measures to rerank results, we show that the web-graph distance between two documents is a robust measure of their relative relevancy. We demonstrate how the use of this metric can improve the rankings of result URLs, even when the user only rates one document in the dataset. Our research suggests that such interactive systems can significantly improve search results.
Alveolar lipoproteinosis in an acid sphingomyelinase-deficient mouse model of Niemann-Pick disease

Types A and B Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) are lipid storage disorders caused by the deficient activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). In humans, NPD is associated with the dysfunction of numerous o...
A new wide-band and reduced-size uniplanar magic-T

This paper presents a new reduced-size uniplanar magic-T using coplanar waveguide (CPW) and a slotline ring that is 20% smaller than comparable designs. The circuit provides good amplitude and phase characteristics over a broad bandwidth. Experimental results show that the magic-T has a maximum power dividing imbalance of 0.4 dB and a maximum phase imbalance of 2.5/spl deg/ over the entire 1.6 octave bandwidth from 2 to 6 GHz. >
Experimental characterization of a space charge induced modulation in high-brightness electron beam

We present the experimental investigation of a collective effect driving strong modulation in the longitudinal phase space of a high-brightness electron beam. The measured beam energy spectrum was analyzed in order to reveal the main parameters of modulation. The experimental results were compared with a model of space-charge oscillations in the beam longitudinal phase space. The measurements and analysis allowed us to determine the range of the parameters of the observed effect on the modulation dynamics and illustrate its potential impact on short-wavelength free electron laser performance.
Application of threshold partitioning of sparse matrices to Markov chains

Three algorithms which permute and partition a sparse matrix are presented as tools for the improved solution of Markov chain problems. One is the algorithm PABLO [SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Computing, vol.11, pp.811-823, 1990] while the other two are modifications of it. In the new algorithms, in addition to the location of the nonzeros, the values of the entries are taken into account. The permuted matrices are well suited for block iterative methods that find the corresponding probability distribution, as well as for block diagonal preconditioners of Krylov-based methods. Also, if the partition obtained from the ordering algorithm is used as an aggregation scheme, an iterative aggregation method performs better with this partition than with others found in the literature. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the iterative methods with the new orderings.
Surgeon Knowledge, Behavior, and Opinions Regarding Intraoperative Cholangiography

Background The risk of common bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is 50% to 70% lower when an intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) is used, and this effect is exaggerated among less experienced surgeons. Routine IOC is not universal, and barriers to its use, including surgeon knowledge, behavior, and attitudes, should be understood in developing quality-improvement interventions aimed at increasing IOC use. Study Design There were 4,100 general surgeons randomly selected from the American College of Surgeons who were mailed a survey about IOC. Surveys with a valid exclusion (retired, no LC experience) were considered responsive but were excluded from data analysis. Results Forty-four percent responded, with 1,417 surveys analyzed (mean age 51.8±9.6 years; 89.2% men; 55.3% private practice). Twenty-seven percent of respondents defined themselves as routine IOC users and 91.3% of routine users reported IOC use in more than 75% of LCs performed. Academic surgeons were less often routine users compared with nonacademics (15% versus 30%; p Conclusions Surgeons at greatest risk for causing common bile duct injury (inexperienced, low-volume surgeons) and those who have the greatest opportunity to train others are less likely to use IOC routinely. These represent target groups for quality-improvement interventions aimed at broader IOC use.
Computers in Cardiology

One telling measure of the digital computer's presence within the field of medicine is that in virtually all of the larger hospitals throughout the world, computer scientists and engineers can be found at the side of medical professionals. Together, these interdisciplinary team members are deeply involved in the solution of many medical problems.
Small Duct Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Association With Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Case Report

Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by cholestatic liver function tests, histological evidence of PSC but absence of classic cholangiographic fi ndings. Large duct or classic PSC in association with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has rarely been reported. However to the best of our knowledge small duct PSC in association with HCV infection has not been reported. We report this case of small duct PSC in a patient with HCV infection. HCV infection in our patient was successfully treated with ribavirin and peg interferon alfa-2a, as evidenced by undetectable HCV ribonucleic acid levels. However, the patient had persistently elevated liver function tests suggestive of cholestasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed normal architecture of bile ducts. Hence patient underwent liver biopsy and its histopahological fi ndings were suggestive of PSC. He had colonoscopy along with biopsy and infl ammatory bowel disease (IBD) was ruled out.
Is the Pendulum Swinging Back in State Intangible Holding Company Cases

The article discusses some recent developments involving the use of holding companies to own intangible assets, so as to reduce state income tax burdens. The discussion includes examination of the holdings of the Supreme Courts of Missouri and Massachusetts, which permitted the technique. Perhaps most significant is the Massachusetts decision in Sherwin-Williams, where the court held that even though the intangible holding company transactions in Sherwin-Williams might have been tax-motivated, those transactions must be respected because they had economic substance.
Fine root tradeoffs between nitrogen concentration and xylem vessel traits preclude unified whole‐plant resource strategies in Helianthus

Recent work suggests variation in plant growth strategies is governed by a tradeoff in resource acquisition and use, ranging from a rapid resource acquisition strategy to a resource-conservative strategy. While evidence for this tradeoff has been found in leaves, knowledge of root trait strategies, and whether they reflect adaptive differentiation across environments, is limited. In the greenhouse, we investigated variation in fine root morphology (specific root length and tissue density), chemistry (nitrogen concentration and carbon:nitrogen), and anatomy (root cross-sectional traits) in populations of 26 Helianthus species and sister Phoebanthus tenuifolius. We also compared root trait variation in this study with leaf trait variation previously reported in a parallel study of these populations. Root traits varied widely and exhibited little phylogenetic signal, suggesting high evolutionary lability. Specific root length and root tissue density were weakly negatively correlated, but neither was associated with root nitrogen, providing little support for a single axis of root trait covariation. Correlations between traits measured in the greenhouse and native site characteristics were generally weak, suggesting a variety of equally viable root trait combinations exist within and across environments. However, high root nitrogen was associated with lower xylem vessel number and cross-sectional area, suggesting a tradeoff between nutrient investment and water transport capacity. This led to correlations between root and leaf traits that were not always consistent with an acquisition-conservation tradeoff at the whole-plant level. Given that roots must balance acquisition of water and nutrients with functions like anchorage, exudation, and microbial symbioses, the varied evidence for root trait covariation likely reflects the complexity of interacting selection pressures belowground. Similarly, the lack of evidence for a single acquisition-conservation tradeoff at the whole-plant level likely reflects the vastly different selection pressures shaping roots and leaves, and the resources they are optimized to obtain.
Was Khrushchev bluffing in Cuba

There were definitely missiles in Cuba in October 1962, but the CIA never found any evidence that they had nuclear warheads. The question is whether the Soviet leader ever intended to arm the missiles.
Diversity and severity of adverse reactions to quinine: A systematic review

Quinine is a common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia and the most common cause of drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy. Other quinine-induced systemic disorders have been described. To understand the complete clinical spectrum of adverse reactions to quinine we searched 11 databases for articles that provided sufficient data to allow evaluation of levels of evidence supporting a causal association with quinine. Three reviewers independently determined the levels of evidence, including both immune-mediated and toxic adverse reactions. The principal focus of this review was on acute, immune-mediated reactions. The source of quinine exposure, the involved organ systems, the severity of the adverse reactions, and patient outcomes were documented. One hundred-fourteen articles described 142 patients with definite or probable evidence for a causal association of quinine with acute, immune-mediated reactions. These reactions included chills, fever, hypotension, painful acral cyanosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, liver toxicity, cardiac ischemia, respiratory failure, hypoglycemia, blindness, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. One hundred-two (72%) reactions were caused by quinine pills; 28 (20%) by quinine-containing beverages; 12 (8%) by five other types of exposures. Excluding 41 patients who had only dermatologic reactions, 92 (91%) of 101 patients had required hospitalization for severe illness; 30 required renal replacement therapy; three died. Quinine, even with only minute exposure from common beverages, can cause severe adverse reactions involving multiple organ systems. In patients with acute, multi-system disorders of unknown origin, an adverse reaction to quinine should be considered.
A Comparative Analysis Service Technical and Tactical Features in Matches between Serena Williams and Henin

Through methods of literature,video observationstatistics,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis,service technical and tactical features in matches between Serena Williams and Henin playing in different venues are compared in analysis.The results show that : Williams made in the flat area outside the corner was higher than the utilization and win which of Henin,and Henin Road in the flat area and angles of the use of hair were higher thanWilliams;Serve Placement in the preemptive region regional selection,Williams made the utilization rate higher than the exterior angle of Henin,However,Henin Road,and made use of angles were higher than Williams,Williams the fastest ball speed and average speed were higher than the situation of Henin,SerenaWilliams in the third shot hit the ball the way backhand and forehand use was higher than Henin,but now sideways hand,backhand slice,and other ways of using the rate of stroke than Henin.After analysis their advantages and disadvantages were found out.
Analysis of the effectiveness of health education on iodine deficiency disorders in Sichuan Province in 2009 and 2010

OBJECTIVE The study focused on analyzing the effectiveness of health education implemented in Sichuan Province in 2009 and 2010 as part of the preventive effort against iodine deficiency disorders(IDDs), aiming to provide references for the continuous elimination of IDDs in the Province. METHODS Stratified random sampling was conducted in 2009and 2010 in IDD endemic areas in the Province, and a total of 60 counties(or cities and districts) per year were selected for the implementation of health education intervention that emphasized both mass communication and interpersonal communication. The intervention mainly focused on improving the core knowledge of IDD prevention among its target populations, especially housewives and fifth grade elementary school students. Baseline survey and effectiveness evaluation were carried out be-fore and after the intervention by using an unified questionnaire. RESULTS Awareness rates of fifth grade elementary school students and housewives on IDD prevention-related knowledge after the intervention were 92.78% and 89.73%, respectively,in 2009; the numbers were significantly higher than the 71.51% and 71.96% before the intervention( χ2= 2 550.205 and841.615, respectively; P﹤0.001 for both cases). Similarly, in 2010 awareness rates of the two populations after the intervention were 94.38% and 92.06%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the 75.95% and 72.30% before the intervention( χ2= 2 208.890 and 1 128.864, respectively; P ﹤ 0.001 for both cases); in addition, awareness rate of fifth grade elementary school students before the intervention showed a significant increase as compared with that in 2009(χ2=83.500, P ﹤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Awareness rates of the two primary target populations on the core knowledge of IDD prevention are consolidated and improved, suggesting that the health education intervention is proper and effective. Therefore,the intervention provides supports for achieving the goal of timely elimination of IDD in the Province, and should be considered as one of the long-term measures for maintaining the elimination of IDD.
Survey on the awareness of hepatitis B related knowledge and high risk behaviors among workers working in public areas

Objective To understand the awareness of hepatitis B related knowledge and high risk behaviors among workers working in public areas as well as residents in Tianjin. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among all workers and residents from communities randomly selected based on local economic and geographic factors.At least 443 individuals should be included in the survey from one site. Results The awareness rates of hairdresser,beauty worker,spa workers and local residents were 35.42%(944/2 665),53.48%(1 168/2 184),38.10%(629/1 651)and 39.15%(2 942/7 515),respectively.The vaccine coverage rates were 51.22%(105/205),47.02%(79/168),48.82%(62/127)and 38.12%(191/501).The awareness scores of workers and residents with elementary school education were 35.45±32.42 and 35.00±28.65,while they were 49.08±20.19 and 49.33±20.59 among those with bachelor and higher degree.Multifactor logistic analysis showed that the awareness score of hepatitis B related knowledge was closely correlated with education level among both workers and local residents(OR=1.363,95%CI:1.128-1.646;OR=1.860,95%CI:1.412-2.451,P0.01).Compare to worker,the difference of high risk behaviors as pedicure,acupuncture,tattoo,eyeliner,ear-piercing,scudding,dental processing among local residents were all statistically significant. Conclusions The overall awareness rates are relatively low among workers who work in public areas and local residents in Tianjin.However,the vaccine coverage rate is higher among young residents compared to workers.Although well educated individuals are more aware of hepatitis B related knowledge,high risk behaviors still exist which lead to the infection of blood-borne pathogens.
A practical guide to ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty

This article provides practical guidelines for plastic surgeons to incorporate ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty into their practice. Tips for improved results are provided and methods to avoid complications are discussed. The author also weighs the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty and suction-assisted lipoplasty.
The Life and Death of Miss Mildred: An Elderly Black Woman

Who is the elderly black woman? What do health care providers need to know about her life when they treat her for her numerous chronic ailments? What social factors are important when those chronic illnesses ultimately require decisions about withholding or withdrawing treatment? This article presents the life story of Miss Mildred: a composite of the history, family, community, religion, work, health, and death of an elderly black woman in the rural south. What providers know about elderly blacks comes from the expert; this article lets Miss Mildred speak for herself.
Uplink control channel design for 5G ultra-low latency communication

The fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) under development currently is envisioned to support ultra-low latency traffic, which requires an air interface latency of 1ms or less. In this paper, we focus on shortened Physical Uplink Control Channel (sPUCCH) design based on Transmission Time Interval (TTI) shortening. To fulfill the strict latency requirement, sequence-based sPUCCH (SS-PUCCH) containing only 2 Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols is proposed. Symbol-level frequency hopping is utilized to harness frequency diversity gain and improve reliability. Moreover, the theoretical performance of the proposed SS-PUCCH design is deduced. Extensive simulation is also conducted to explore the influence of short TTI and evaluate the performance of different sPUCCH designs. It is found that our proposed SS-PUCCH design outperforms DMRS based sPUCCH (DS-PUCCH) by approximately 3dB for 1 bit ACK/NACK transmission and 4.5dB for 2 bits ACK/NACK transmission.
Planting stock for tomorrow's forest: "What the manager needs".

When it comes to planting stock the forest manager is often no different to most other consumers. He is the person at the end of the line who must more or less accept what he gets and be prepared to live with the results. In the forest management sense this may mean above average establishment costs, understocked plantations and high filling-in charges...
Non-sustained microvolt level T-wave alternans in congenital long QT syndrome types 1 and 2.

Abstract Background Patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS) are predisposed to polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) during adrenergic stimulation. Microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) is linked to vulnerability to VT in structural heart disease. The prevalence of non-sustained MTWA (NS-MTWA) in LQTS is unknown. Methods 31 LQT1, 42 LQT2, and 80 controls underwent MTWA testing during exercise. MTWA tests were classified per standardized criteria, and re-analyzed according to the modified criteria to account for NS-MTWA. Results LQT1 and LQT2 patients had a significantly higher frequency of late NS-MTWA (26% and 12%) compared to controls (0%). There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to sustained and early NS-MTWA. Late NS-MTWA was significantly associated with QTc. Conclusion LQT1 and LQT2 patients had a higher prevalence of late NS-MTWA during exercise than matched controls. NS-MTWA likely reflects transient adrenergically mediated dispersion of repolarization, and could be a marker of arrhythmic risk in LQTS.
Nonlinear phononic control and emergent magnetism in Mott insulating titanates

Optical control of structure-driven magnetic order offers a platform for magneto-optical terahertz devices. We control the magnetic phases of ${d}^{1}$ Mott insulating titanates using nonlinear phononics to transiently perturb the atomic structure based on density functional theory (DFT) simulations and solutions to a lattice Hamiltonian including nonlinear multimode interactions. We show that magnetism is tuned by indirect excitation of a Raman-active phonon mode, which affects the amplitude of the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{6}$ octahedral rotations that couple to static Ti-O Jahn-Teller distortions, through driven infrared-active modes of ${\mathrm{LaTiO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{YTiO}}_{3}$. The mode excitation reduces the rotational angle, driving a magnetic phase transition from a ferromagnetic (FM) to $G$-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) state. A novel $A$-type AFM state hidden in the bulk equilibrium phase diagram emerges as a dynamically accessible optically induced phase under multimode excitations. Our work shows that nonlinear phononics can stabilize phases inaccessible to static chemical substitutions or lattice strains.
A Combination of SAHA and Quinacrine Is Effective in Inducing Cancer Cell Death in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of single agent and the combination of quinacrine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in wt- and mut-p53 upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC) cell models.Experimental Design: ATP-Glo, clonogenic cell survival, Annexin V, comet, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), qPCR, and Western blot analysis assays were utilized.Results: Using clonogenic cell survival, ATP-Glo cell viability, Annexin V, and sub-G0 population analysis, we demonstrated that a combination of quinacrine and SAHA significantly decreased colony formation and increased cancer cell death (range, 4-20 fold) in six UGC cell models, as compared with single-agent treatments, irrespective of the p53 status (P 20-fold, P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed activation of caspases-3, 9, and γ-H2AX in all cell models. Of note, although quinacrine treatment induced expression of wt-p53 protein, the combination of quinacrine and SAHA substantially decreased the levels of both wt-P53 and mut-P53. Furthermore, cell models that were resistant to cisplatin (CDDP) or gefitinib treatments were sensitive to this combination. Tumor xenograft data confirmed that a combination of quinacrine and SAHA is more effective than a single-agent treatment in abrogating tumor growth in vivo (P < 0.01).Conclusions: Our novel findings show that the combination of quinacrine and SAHA promotes DNA damage and is effective in inducing cancer cell death, irrespective of p53 status and resistance to CDDP or gefitinib in UGC models. Clin Cancer Res; 24(8); 1905-16. ©2018 AACR.
On Improved Accuracy Chirp Parameter Estimation Using The DFRFT With Application To SAR-Based Vibrometry

The estimation of the frequency and chirp rate of a chirp signal in a noisy environment is a fundamental and well-studied problem in signal processing and communications. Its numerous applications include carrier recovery in a communication system, determination of the object position and speed in radar and sonar systems, and many other. Regardless of the application, poor estimation can lead to inaccurate results. In this paper, we attempt to quantify the accuracy of the discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFRFT) approach. We refine prior work to develop analytical expressions for the chirp rate and center frequency parameters. We further study the extensions of this refined DFRFT approach using zero padding, spectral peak interpolation, and chirp-z-transform based zooming. The performance of the refined estimators is compared versus the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and shown to asymptotically approach the bound. This refined DFRFT approach is then applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) vibrometry data from several vibrating targets and the estimated acceleration information and vibration frequencies are shown to be very close to the corresponding ground-truth accelerometer measurements.
Defining Public Concern after Snyder v. Phelps: A Pliable Standard Mingles with News Media Complicity

This article analyzes and critiques the efforts of the U.S. Supreme Court in Snyder v. Phelps in March 2011 to fashion a workable definition of, and test for, the critical concept of "public concern" in First Amendment jurisprudence. The article raises many questions left unresolved by the two-part, disjunctive test framed by ChiefJustice John Roberts on the part of the Snyder majority. It also examines Justice Samuel Alito's solo Snyder dissent in which, contrary to the result reached by the majority, he concluded that the speech of the Westboro Baptist Church (WBC) near the funeral for Matthew Snyder was a personal attack rather than a matter of public concern. Finally, the article addresses the news media's own complicity in helping to bolster the WBC's contention that its messages are of public concern.
Pain of Dental Origin

A 34-year-old male presents with complaints of left facial pain. The pain was abrupt in onset and sharp in character. Over time it has become more of a dull aching pain that has gradually increased in intensity. There is no associated fever. The pain was initially well localized to the left upper quadrant of the maxillary dentition but has become rather diffuse and thus difficult to localize. It is somewhat positional in nature. The pain is worsened when bending over and also worsened with jarring such as walking down a flight of stairs. It is not exacerbated by eating. There is no significant history of trauma or recent dental intervention. The pain responds somewhat to NSAIDs but never resolves. A secondary complaint is that of nasal congestion and foul-tasting postnasal drip.
Feature importance ranking for classification in mixed online environments

Online learning is a growing branch of machine learning with applications in many domains. One of the less studied topics in this area is development of strategies for online feature importance ranking. In this paper we present two methods for incremental ranking of features in classification tasks. Our ranking strategies are based on measurement of the sensitivity of the classification outcome with respect to individual features. The two methods work for different types of classification environments with discrete, continuous and mixed feature types with minimum prior assumptions. The second method, which is a modification of the original method, is designed to handle concept drift while avoiding cumbersome computations. Concept drift is described as sudden or slow changes in characteristics of the learning features which happens in many online learning tasks such as online marketing analysis. If the rankings are not adaptable, during the time, these changes will make the rankings obsolete. Moreover, we investigate different feature selection schemes for feature reduction in online environments to effectively remove irrelevant features from the classification model. Finally, we present experimental results which verify the efficacy of our methods against currently available online feature ranking algorithms.
Admission 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated With Functional Status at Time of Discharge from Intensive Care Unit in Critically Ill Surgical Patients

Background Vitamin D status is associated with length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination in critically ill patients. To further understand this relationship, we investigated whether admission 25-hydroxyvitaminD (25OHD) levels are associated with discharge functional status in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods In this retrospective study, data from 2 surgical ICUs at a large teaching hospital were analyzed. 25OHD levels were measured within 24 hours of ICU admission and Functional Status Score for the ICU (FSS-ICU) was calculated within 24 hours of ICU discharge for all patients. To investigate the association of vitamin D status with FSS-ICU, we constructed linear and logistic regression models, controlling for body mass index, Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill score, ICU LOS, and cumulative protein or caloric deficit during ICU admission. Results Mean 25OHD level and FSS-ICU was 19 (SD 8) ng/mL and 17 (SD 4), respectively, in the analytic cohort (n = 300). Each unit increase in 25OHD level was associated with a 0.2 increment in FSS-ICU (β = .20; 95% CI 0.14-0.25). Patients with 25OHD levels 3-fold risk of low FSS-ICU ( 20 ng/mL (OR 3.45; 95% CI 1.96-6.08). Conclusions Our results suggest that vitamin D status at admission is associated with discharge FSS-ICU in critically ill surgical patients. Future studies are needed to validate our results, to build upon our findings, and to determine whether optimizing 25OHD levels can improve functional status and other important clinical outcomes in ICU patients.
Disparities in Child Health: A Review

Since the 2002 publication of the Institute of Medicine’s landmark document on health disparities Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, inequities in the US healthcare system have received unprecedented attention from clinicians, advocacy groups, and policy makers [1]. In Healthy People, a national health promotion and disease prevention initiative, the elimination of health disparities has consistently been listed as an overarching goal [2]. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has issued an annual national health care disparities report since 2003 [3]. In 2010, the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities was redesigned as an Institute, elevating the research agenda focused on eliminating health disparities. Researchers, professional organizations, and advocacy groups have made considerable efforts to incorporate addressing health disparities into their strategic goals [4–6].
Optimization of makerspace microfabrication techniques and materials for the realization of planar, 3D printed microelectrode arrays in under four days

Conventional two-dimensional microelectrode arrays (2D MEAs) in the market involve long manufacturing timeframes, have cleanroom requirements, and need to be assembled from multiple parts to obtain the final packaged device. For MEAs to be “used and tossed”, manufacturing has to be moved from the cleanroom to makerspaces. In order to enable makerspace fabricated MEAs comparable to conventional MEAs, the microfabrication processes must be optimized to have similar electrical properties along with biocompatibility and number of recording sites. This work presents a makerspace microfabricated 2D MEA having electrode densities up to a commercially popular 8 × 8 array, all fabricated under four days. Additive manufacturing-based realization of the MEA devices provides immense flexibility in terms of meeting distinct design requirements. A unique non-planar MEA having meso-scale electrodes on the top side of a chip transitioning to traces onto the bottom side through electrical vias is presented in this work. This allows for (a) monolithic integration of a culture well for devices having up to a 6 × 6 MEA array, (b) selective electroplating of the meso-scale electrodes (500 μm diameter) defined by silver ink casting followed by pulsed electroplating of gold or platinum without any masking procedure, (c) casting of a uniform and planar insulation layer via a novel process of confined precision spin coating (CPSC) of SU-8 which acts as a biocompatible insulation atop the meso-scale electrodes; and (d) selective laser micromachining to define the 50 μm × 50 μm microelectrodes. For an 8 × 8 array, the culture well and MEA chip framework are 3D printed as two separate parts and sealed together with a biocompatible epoxy as in commercially available MEAs. The fabricated MEAs have an average 1 kHz impedance of 36.8 kΩ/16 kΩ with a double layer capacitance of 400 nF cm−2/520 nF cm−2 for nano-porous platinum/nano-gold which is comparable to the state-of-art commercially available 2D MEAs. Additionally, it was found out that our 3D printing-based process compares very favorably with traditional glass MEAs in terms of design to device while representing a dramatic reduction in cost, timeline for fabrication, reduction in the number of steps and the need for sophisticated microfabrication and packaging equipment.
Association Between Degrees of Separation in Physician Networks and Surgeons' Use of Perioperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

BACKGROUND Perioperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used in breast cancer despite unproven benefits. It is unclear whether surgeons' use of breast MRI is associated with the practices of other surgeons to whom they are connected through shared patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using Medicare data to identify physicians providing breast cancer care during 2007-2009 and grouped them into patient-sharing networks. Physician pairs were classified according to their "degree of separation" based on patient-sharing (eg, physician pairs that care for the same patients were separated by 1 degree; pairs that both share patients with another physician but not with each other were separated by 2 degrees). We assessed the association between the MRI use of a surgeon and the practice patterns of surgical colleagues by comparing MRI use in the observed networks with networks with randomly shuffled rates of MRI utilization. RESULTS Of the 15,273 patients who underwent surgery during the study period, 28.8% received perioperative MRI. These patients received care from 1806 surgeons in 60 patient-sharing networks; 55.1% of surgeons used MRI. A surgeon was 24.5% more likely to use MRI if they were directly connected to a surgeon who used MRI. This effect decreased to 16.3% for pairs of surgeons separated by 2 degrees, and 0.8% at the third degree of separation. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons' use of perioperative breast MRI is associated with the practice of surgeons connected to them through patient-sharing; the strength of this association attenuates as the degree of separation increases.
WHY DOES PATRIARCHY PERSIST

As was the case in Carol Gilligan’s germinal book, A Different Voice, “voice” and voices are key elements of Why Does Patriarchy Persist? The book opens with two voices: a man and a woman who have ...
Deep ethology, animal rights, and the great ape/animal project: Resisting speciesism and expanding the community of equals

In this essay I argue that the evolutionary and comparative study of nonhuman animal (hereafter animal) cognition in a wide range of taxa by cognitive ethologists can readily inform discussions about animal protection and animal rights. However, while it is clear that there is a link between animal cognitive abilities and animal pain and suffering, I agree with Jeremy Bentham who claimed long ago the real question does not deal with whether individuals can think or reason but rather with whether or not individuals can suffer. One of my major goals will be to make the case that the time has come to expand. The Great Ape Project (GAP) to The Great Ape/Animal Project (GA/AP) and to take seriously the moral status and rights of all animals by presupposing that all individuals should be admitted into the Community of Equals. I also argue that individuals count and that it is essential to avoid being speciesist cognitivists; it really doesn't matter whether ‘dogs ape’ or whether ‘apes dog’ when taking into account the worlds of different individual animals. Narrow-minded primatocentrism and speciesism must be resisted in our studies of animal cognition and animal protection and rights. Line-drawing into ‘lower’ and ‘higher’ species is a misleading speciesist practice that should be vigorously resisted because not only is line-drawing bad biology but also because it can have disastrous consequences for how animals are viewed and treated. Speciesist line-drawing also ignores within species individual differences.
Evaluating Your DPN Metadata Approach. A Report of the ALCTS PARS Preservation Metadata Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Annual Conference, New Orleans, June 2018

The ALCTS Preservation Metadata Interest Group (PMIG) met during the 2018 ALA Annual Conference on Saturday, June 23 with an attendance of 34 people. The program began with a short business meeting...
Extensive Intratumor Proteogenomic Heterogeneity Revealed by Multiregion Sampling in a High-Grade Serous Ovarian Tumor Specimen

Abstract A series of 200 consecutive thin sections were generated from a high-grade serous ovarian tumor and laser microdissected four spatially separated “core” regions of tumor epithelium, along with tumor epithelium, stroma or whole tissue harvests at 200 μm intervals. These distinct tissue collections were analyzed by quantitative proteomics and RNA-Seq. Unsupervised analyses revealed co-clustering of tumor cores with enriched tumor epithelium, which were distinct from the enriched stroma and whole tumor collections. Strong correlations in protein and transcript abundance in tumor epithelium and stromal collections from neighboring thin sections were decreased in samples harvested just hundreds of microns apart. Stroma (mesenchymal) and tumor epithelium (differentiated) displayed a distinct association with ovarian cancer prognostic molecular sub-types with a 2-year difference in median survival. These data reveal substantial tumor microenvironment protein and transcript expression heterogeneity that directly bear on prognostic signatures and underscore the need to enrich cellular subpopulations for expression profiling.
An implicit algorithm for the conservative transonic full potential equation using an arbitrary mesh

A new, implicit approximate factorization (AF) algorithm designed to solve the conservative full-potential equation for the transonic flow past arbitrary airfoils has been developed. The new algorithm uses an upwind bias of the density coefficient to provide stability in supersonic regions. This allows the simple two- and three-banded matrix form of the AF scheme to be retained over the entire flow field, even in regions of supersonic flow. A numerical transformation is used to establish an arbitrary body-fitted finite-difference mesh. Airfoil pressure distributions have been computed and are in good agreement with independent results.
Aortic Hemodynamics and Cognitive Performance in Postmenopausal Women: Impact of Pregnancy History.

BACKGROUND Studies demonstrate an association between aortic hemodynamics and cognitive function. The impact of pregnancy history on this association is unknown. METHODS Postmenopausal women (age 59 ± 5 years; years since last pregnancy 35 ± 3) with either a history of preeclampsia (PE; n = 34) or a history of a normotensive pregnancy (NP; n = 30) underwent cognitive testing: Letter-Number Sequencing, Digit Span, Trail Making Test, and letter and category fluency. Applanation tonometry was used to derive aortic systolic and diastolic blood pressure and augmentation index. RESULTS Distribution of cognitive scores and aortic hemodynamic measures was similar between the PE and NP groups. Principal component (PC) analysis was used to reduce the 3 aortic hemodynamic measures and the 5 cognitive variables to single summary indices, each representing a weighted average of their respective constituent variables. Using a multivariable linear model based on these PCs that adjusted for pregnancy history and body mass index, the composite index of aortic hemodynamics was associated with the summary cognitive index, whether taking into account a potential interaction with pregnancy history (P = 0.035) or not (P = 0.026) (interaction P = 0.178). Multivariable modeling of individual cognitive tests revealed a differential association for letter fluency by pregnancy history (test for interaction P = 0.023); this score correlated with the aortic hemodynamic index in the PE (partial R2 = 0.20), but not the NP (partial R2 = 0.00) group. CONCLUSIONS Elevated aortic hemodynamics may negatively impact cognitive function in postmenopausal women with specific executive functions, such as letter fluency, being impacted more by a pregnancy history of PE.
Soft Switching Over the Entire Line Cycle for a Quadruple Active Bridge DCX in a DC to Three-Phase AC Module

This paper is focused on a transformer-isolated quadruple active bridge (QAB) dc-dc converter loaded by three full-bridge dc-ac inverters. The QAB functions as a "DC trans-former" (DCX) in the dc-to-three-phase ac module. The QAB outputs provide time-varying power at twice the line frequency, which presents challenges in maintaining zero voltage switching (ZVS) on the secondary sides during low-power portions of the line cycle. It is shown how ZVS can be achieved in a phase, even at zero-power transfer, using a relatively small circulating current provided by the magnetizing inductance of the high-frequency transformer. The approach is particularly effective in high-voltage applications using SiC MOSFETs, where reductions in switching loss outweigh additional conduction losses due to the circulating currents. A detailed analysis of ZVS switching waveforms at the zero power transfer is presented, including effects of nonlinear device capacitances. Analytical expressions are given for the optimal values of the magnetizing inductance and dead times of the QAB primary and secondary bridges. The approach is verified by experimental results on a 600 V, 4 kW prototype, demonstrating greater than 98.5% efficiency from 1 kW to 4 kW, with a peak efficiency of 99.0%. Compared to conventionally operated prototype, a 54% reduction in total loss is achieved at rated power.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces hepatic plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a stress-responsive gene that is highly induced in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a salient feature of NASH, yet it is unknown whether ER stress contributes to hepatic PAI-1 induction in this disorder. Therefore, we aimed to (a) establish the role of ER stress in the regulation of hepatic Pai-1 expression, and (b) determine whether induction of Pai-1 in murine NASH is driven by ER stress. Hepatic Pai-1 expression was measured in C57BL/6 J mice and human HepG2 cells subjected to acute or prolonged pharmacologic ER stress. We found that hepatic Pai-1 expression was acutely suppressed in murine liver in response to severe ER stress followed by marked induction during the recovery phase of the ER stress response. Hepatic Pai-1 expression was induced in response to prolonged low-grade ER stress in mice. Induction of PAI-1 by ER stress in HepG2 cells was prevented by pharmacologic inhibition of MEK1/ERK signaling or by siRNA-mediated knockdown of XBP1, mediators of the recovery response to ER stress. Inhibiting ER stress with 4-phenylbutyric acid prevented hepatic Pai-1 induction in mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis. We conclude that hepatic Pai-1 is induced by ER stress via a pathway involving XBP1 and MEK1/ERK signaling, and induction of hepatic Pai-1 in murine NASH is mediated by ER stress. These data implicate ER stress as a novel mechanistic link between Pai-1 induction and NASH.
Characteristics of Newborns Born to SARS-CoV-2-Positive Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective The novel virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a terrifying pandemic. The range of illness severity among children is variable. This study aims to assess the characteristics of newborns born to SARS-CoV-2-positive women compared with those mothers who tested negative. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study performed at Brookdale Hospital Medical Center in New York City from March to May 2020. Electronic medical records of mother–baby dyads were reviewed. Results Seventy-nine mothers tested for SARS-CoV-2 were included, out of which 18.98% of mothers tested SARS-CoV-2 positive. We found a significant association between symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 status. We observed a significant association between newborns of SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative mothers regarding skin-to-skin contact (p Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 has caused major morbidity and mortality worldwide. Neonates born to mothers with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 are most of the time asymptomatic. However, neonatal critical illness due to SARS-CoV-2 is still a possibility; thus, isolation precautions (such as avoiding skin-to-skin contact and direct breastfeeding) and vertical transmission should be studied thoroughly. In addition, testing these newborns by nasopharyngeal swab at least at 24 hours after birth and monitoring them for the development of symptoms for 14 days after birth is needed. Key Points
Inaccessible media during the COVID-19 crisis intersects with the language deprivation crisis for young deaf children in the US

In the middle of the spring 2020 lockdown here in the United States, our kids asked to watch the animated film “Finding Nemo” during a break from remote online learning. This is potentially a commo...
What makes consumers purchase apparel products through social shopping services that social media fashion influencers have worn

Abstract Given the huge success of fashion influencer marketing in the social media context, it is important to understand which image components of social media fashion influencers (SMFI) are effective in the new fashion adoption process when using a social shopping service such as LIKEtoKNOW.it. Using a 2 × 2 between-subject design in two studies, we investigated the joint effects of apparel product type (novel vs. familiar) and the degree of the SMFIs' high socioeconomic status (HSS) (moderately vs. extremely) on consumers' intentional mimicry consumption process from the curiosity perspective. The results showed that for SMFIs with moderately HSS, consumers' curiosity was higher for novel than familiar fashion products. In contrast, for SMFIs with extremely HSS, consumers had a similarly high level of curiosity for both novel and familiar products. Further, product curiosity was positively related to purchase intentions and intentions to use the social shopping service.