cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Legacy in flight: processing the Marlon D. Green collection

Purpose – Two graduate LIS students interested in archival studies describe their first effort processing a manuscript collection belonging to Marlon D. Green, the first African American commercial airline pilot in the US.Design/methodology/approach – The students locate introductory readings and seek the advice of professional archivists to organize the collection and write a finding aid that describes its contents. The novice archivists explore issues of appraisal, arrangement, description and preservation of items in the collection, and discuss the challenges archivists face in organizing collections objectively.Findings – The students find organizing a manuscript collection to be a surprisingly collaborative and social process. Learning about Marlon Green's life directly from his family members gives the student archivists the advantage of knowing the context of his papers, which helps them order and group items more effectively.Practical implications – Archivists will benefit from researching a colle...
Software architecture of ubiquitous scientific computing environments for mobile platforms

Recent and anticipated technological advances in wireless computing will permit users to compute ubiquitously, “anywhere” and “any time”. However, mobile platforms are unlikely to have the computational resources to solve even moderately complex problems that users routinely solve on static workstations today. In the SciencePad project our aim is to develop “Ubiquitous” Problem Solving Environments (UPSEs) to support mobile aware applications. The objective of this paper is to address the architectural design of UPSEs on wireless notebook platforms supported by stationary compute servers over low bandwidth connections. There is extensive literature dealing with networking and data management issues in mobile computing. However, we address design issues at several layers of the mobile system. The resulting architecture uses a proxy-based methodology to partition the application components across the dual (wireless and stationary) network of computational units and build a distributed PSE architecture. Our architecture uses parameterized objects and templates, lazy evaluation, and also deals with fuzzy and unstructured I/O. We articulate the general principal of the architecture in the context of scientific computing, which provides us with a complex, real world application scenario. It also allows us to build on our previous work on various aspects of PSEs for scientific computing. Our architecture is currently being validated by building a ubiquitous version of PDELab (a scientific computing package) on a two mega-bit wireless Ethernet network of notebook platforms and heterogeneous parallel machines.
Agriculture and Land Use Planning

The American public values agricultural land for many reasons beyond its ability to produce food, fiber, and timber. Public values for agricultural land preservation have translated into public support for establishing agricultural land preservation programs at the local, state, and federal levels. A mixture of both regulatory and incentive-based approaches have resulted in the permanent protection of nearly 1.5 million acres of agricultural land from conversion to nonagricultural uses and the concentration of millions of more acres in agricultural production through zoning. The failure of land markets to reflect the social value of extensive land uses relative to intensive uses and the irreversibility of land-use intensification decisions create a particularly fluid and pressing policy environment for lay people, land-use practitioners, and researchers alike. We provide a brief overview of the issues and resources and ongoing programs directly influencing agricultural land protection and land-use policy. We pay particular attention to resources and information available on the Internet, recognizing the rapidly changing environment in this policy arena. Keywords: public policy; economic value; conservation easement; development rights; agricultural land preservation; growth management
Inelastic scattering of cold neutrons in polycrystalline gray tin

Abstract The inelastic scattering of cold neutrons by polycrystalline gray tin (diamond structure) at 0°C has been investigated using the Brookhaven cold neutron facility. It is possible to obtain information on the phonon critical points. There is a narrow peak centered at about 7 meV phonon energy which is attributed to the transverse acoustic modes. A broad band centered around 23 meV is probably due to a combination of the longitudinal optic and acoustic modes. The results are consistent with single crystal dispersion measurements in Si and Ge when the frequencies are scaled inversely as the square root of the mass. This indicates that the force constants in Si, Ge, and Sn have approximately the same strength.
A continuum theory of surface growth

A continuum theory of surface growth in deformable bodies is presented. The theory employs a decomposition of the deformation and growth processes, which leads to a well-posed set of governing equations. It is argued that an evolving reference configuration is required to track the material points in the body. The balance laws are formulated with respect to a non-inertial frame of reference, which is used to track the motion of the body. A one-dimensional example problem is included to showcase the predictive capacity of the theory.
Ameliella - A Bryicolous Lichen Genus Rediscovered in North America after 50 Years

Abstract. The bryicolous lichen Ameliella andreaeicola is reported for only the second and third times from North America and new to the U.S. from Mitkof Island and Katmai National Preserve, Alaska. Its original discovery in Canada and rediscovery in Alaska are described, along with a note on its disjunct distribution.
Object co-detection

In this paper we introduce a new problem which we call object co-detection. Given a set of images with objects observed from two or multiple images, the goal of co-detection is to detect the objects, establish the identity of individual object instance, as well as estimate the viewpoint transformation of corresponding object instances. In designing a co-detector, we follow the intuition that an object has consistent appearance when observed from the same or different viewpoints. By modeling an object using state-of-the-art part-based representations such as [1,2], we measure appearance consistency between objects by comparing part appearance and geometry across images. This allows to effectively account for object self-occlusions and viewpoint transformations. Extensive experimental evaluation indicates that our co-detector obtains more accurate detection results than if objects were to be detected from each image individually. Moreover, we demonstrate the relevance of our co-detection scheme to other recognition problems such as single instance object recognition, wide-baseline matching, and image query.
The Need for a Public Defenders Office in Harris County

The right to counsel is a secured promise embedded in the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution. This promise ensures that everyone, rich or poor, has an equal standing before the law. The purpose of this paper is to address the need to maintain this secured promise to indigent defendants by providing for effective representation by competent attorneys. The United States leads the world in prison population with 751 people in prison or jail for every 100,000 in population. (If you count only adults, one in 100 Americans is locked up.) The only other major industrialized nation that even comes close is Russia, with 627 prisoners for every 100,000 people. The State of Texas confines more of its citizens to prison than any other state in America. More of those incarcerated in Texas, come from Harris County than any other county in the state. Of the 3,254 offenders who were under sentence of death in the United States as of December 31, 2005, Today about 1000 persons sit on death row in Texas which leads the nation in the number of executions since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. Of the persons on Texas death row, 285 or 28.5% of them were sent there by Harris County courts. This paper determines that indigent defendants in Harris County, Texas, are often inadequately represented through its court-appointed system for indigent defense and suggests the county establish a public defender program in order to meet its constitutional mandate.
Decreased platelet reactivity in blood anticoagulated with bivalirudin or enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin: implications for coronary intervention.

Background: Platelet reactivity predicts complications after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Accordingly, agents that suppress platelet reactivity should decrease adverse events after PCI. This study was designed to determine the effects of therapeutic concentrations of unfractionated heparin (UFH), bivalirudin, or enoxaparin alone or in combination with tirofiban on platelet reactivity.
Behavioral Self-Regulation in a Physics Class.

Introductory college students have a fixed amount of time that they are willing to allocate to physics homework.
Map the gap: missing children with drug-resistant tuberculosis

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB, defined as TB resistant to at least both isoniazid and rifampin), among children is an unrecognized epidemic. Like drug-susceptible TB, MDR-TB is curable, but treatment requires the use of longer regimens with more toxic drugs, few of which are available in child-friendly formulations.1 Although an estimated 32 000 children fall sick each year with MDR-TB,2 few of these are diagnosed and treated. An analysis of age-disaggregated surveillance data collected in 85 countries during 1994–2011 found that 50 (59%) of these countries reported no child MDR-TB cases,3 although many of them did report cases of MDR-TB, presumably in adults, during this period.4 The microbiological diagnosis of drug-resistant TB in children is complicated by insensitive diagnostic tests, limited diagnostic capacity in many countries with high TB burdens5 and the inability of young children to expectorate sputum.6 These diagnostic challenges, as well as historic misperceptions that children are not likely to be important contributors to or victims of the global TB epidemic,7 have contributed to the invisibility of the MDR-TB epidemic among children.8 The lack of published evidence documenting numbers of children treated for MDR-TB, as well as treatment practices and outcomes, is an obstacle to efforts to advocate for better diagnostics, treatments, and policies for children with MDR-TB. As publicly available data on numbers of MDR-TB cases reported by different countries are not disaggregated by age,4 it is impossible to determine how many children are diagnosed with MDR-TB each year. A systematic review of studies reporting outcomes among children treated for MDR-TB found only eight studies, comprising a total of 315 children.9 With such sparse published evidence on both the magnitude of the problem and its potential solutions, it is difficult to convince companies to invest in new diagnostics for drug-resistant disease in children, investigators to include children in clinical trials of second-line regimens and governments to reform policies that limit access to effective treatment for children with MDR-TB. As global TB policies tend to focus on adults, there is a profound lack of awareness about the MDR-TB epidemic among children. In the present study, we sought to describe the current state of awareness about children with MDR-TB by comparing documentation of child and adult MDR-TB cases in the published literature.
Visual discrimination: comparison of two methods.

There are instructional materials available that encourage the utilization of visual discrimination training as essential in a comprehensive reading program. For instructional staffs the available resources which may be used to reinforce visual discriminations vary in type and design. A basic consideration that should be acknowledged deals with the type of reinforcement a student could profit from in learning to read. Sheldon and Mills (1968) stated the abiliry to discriminate between geometric patterns is a prerequisite of the ability to discriminate between letters and words. However, Harris and Sipay (1971) contended the ability to march geometric designs has little to do with reading. English orthography is alphabetic in nature, that is, the letters of the alphabet represent the sounds of the language (Goodman, 1969). This study attempted to determine whether teaching geometric patterns would result in improved ability to discriminate berween letters and words to the same extent as teaching letters and words. In a school district in Northeastern Pennsylvania, 58 kindergarten children were randomly assigned to rwo equal groups (Kerlinger, 1973). Both groups received instruction in visual discrimination for 10 min. a day for 15 wk. One group received instruction in visual discrimination by matching geometric patterns, while the second group received visual discrimination instruction by matching letters and words. The ultimate purpose of instruction in visual discrimination is to assist the student to be more proficient in reading the English language, which requires an ability to discriminate between letters and words. Therefore, the measure used to determine if one method provided greater ability in this task was the eight letter and word items of the Matching subtest of the Metropolitan Readiness Test (1965). The mean number of correct items by the group that was taught to discriminate berween letters and words was 6.86 (SD = 1.04), while the mean number of correct items by the group that was taught t.~ discriminate between geometric patterns was 4.90 (SD = 1.90). The difference was statistically significant (t = 4.89, df = 56, p < ,001). The results of this study lend support to the Harris and Sipay (1971) contention that instruction in visual discrimination should deal primarily with letters and words. Furthermore, the results confirm the wellknown observations that training on a task to be performed yields the most transfer to that task
DEVELOPMENTAL RATE AND COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN TRIBOLIUM.

Flour beetles of the genus Tribolium have been utilized for many years for problems of population ecology, but until recently have not been used for research in population genetics. The investigations of Park and his associates at the University of Chicago have provided a wealth of information regarding population physiology in the two species, T. castaneum and T. confusumn. Park has also conducted competition experiments between these two reproductively isolated species under various conditions of temperature and humidity, and his early work culminated in a stochastic model proposed by Neyman et al. (1956). It was subsequently suggested by Lerner and Ho (1961) that this stochastic model, according to which the outcome of competition is not determined by the properties of the founder individuals of each experimental culture, is inapplicable when the competing populations are genetically controlled. Using highly homozygous inbred lines, competitive ability was shown to be at least in part genetically conditioned. On the other hand, two independent attempts at mass selection for competitive ability (Park and Lloyd, 1955; Lerner and Ho, 1961) were unsuccessful. Lerner and Ho suggested that this failure might be accounted for by supposing that genetic variance for competitive ability is largely nonadditive. Thus mass selection, the success of which is based primarily on additive genetic variance, is ineffective. More recently, Park et al. (1964) investigated competitive relationships among
Monitoring oxycodone use in patients with chronic pain: analysis of oxycodone and metabolite excretion in saliva and urine.

Objective: Saliva is purported to have a close correspondence to plasma concentrations due to a passive diffusion process from plasma to saliva. However, limited data are available characterizing oxycodone and its metabolites in saliva. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the use of saliva monitoring in patients prescribed oxycodone and to compare the disposition of oxycodone in saliva and urine. Design: This retrospective analysis examined deidentified urine and saliva specimens collected from patients with chronic pain. These specimens were received at Millennium Laboratories between March and June 2012 and analyzed using LCMS/ MS to quantitate oxycodone, noroxycodone, and oxymorphone concentrations. Results: The geometric mean metabolic ratio (MR) of noroxycodone to oxycodone in saliva was 0.11, whereas the geometric mean MR in urine was 1.7. The geometric mean oxycodone concentration in saliva was 860 ng/mL (range, 1.5-8,600,000 ng/mL; 95% CI, 770-950 ng/mL), whereas the geometric mean noroxycodone concentration was 98 ng/mL (range, 2.3-8,800 ng/mL; 95% CI, 90-107 ng/mL). Fifty-four of the saliva specimens (6 percent) had oxycodone concentrations between 10,000 and 9,000,000 ng/mL. Conclusions: Oxycodone is predominant over noroxycodone in saliva (similar to plasma), while the reverse relationship exists in urine. Much greater oxycodone concentrations were found in saliva than are expected in plasma (up to a 1,000-fold difference). Saliva concentrations are lower than urine concentrations but still may not reflect plasma disposition. Possible explanations include medication residue in the mouth (recent medication use or misuse) or active secretion into saliva. Saliva analysis may be used for qualitative drug monitoring of oxycodone, with detection rates similar to urine; however, further characterization is needed for appropriate interpretation.
Configuration of Secondary Device Software Based On IEC 61850

For a new generation digital substation automatization,the use of IEC 61850 is becoming one of all the hottest issues.A design scheme of secondary device software is presented based on practice.The complexity of development and application of IEC 61850 is reduced.With the viewable tools,users can get IEC 61850 modeling,data association and substation secondary device suit tools.All of them accelerates the development progress.
A resource-based approach to formalize use case specification for web applications

Web applications under attack may perform undesirable behaviors against their use case specification. These attacks exploit web vulnerabilities which are usually considered as consequences of abusing web resources. The paper proposes a resource-based approach to formalize use case specification for web applications. The goal of the research is to identify and organize web resources, and to integrate web resources into use cases in a structured way. First, we filter web resource information based on the lexical analysis of the original use case specification. Then, we identify hidden web resources that are not listed in the event flow but required during the realization of the event. After that, we organize these web resources into a web resource tree. Finally, the formalized use case specification is constructed into a tree structure along with a defined event flow grammar. The resource-based use case specification enables security analysts to analyze the web vulnerabilities in terms of the resources required by each event. It is helpful to elicit security requirements.
Reconstructing Neuronal Signaling Pathways With the Potential for Disruption in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population. It is poorly characterized. A pathway model of disruption offers a good tool to observe network-wide disruptions. Here, we use PathLinker to link hand-curated receptors and transcription factors, and combine the resulting networks into metanetworks. Topologically, schizophrenia pathways were found to not have significantly more node overlap than a random sampling, but were found to have significantly more edge overlap (p = 0.0661, p
Perioperative management and outcomes of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

Abstract Background/Purpose Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a rare congenital anomaly lacking contemporary data detailing patient demographics, medical/surgical management and outcomes. Substantial variation in the care of infants with EA/TEF may affect both short- and long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to characterize the demographics, management strategies and outcomes in a contemporary multi-institutional cohort of infants diagnosed with EA/TEF to identify potential areas for standardization of care. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of infants with EA/TEF treated at 11 children's hospitals between 2009 and 2014 was performed. Over the 5year period, 396 cases were identified in the 11 centers (7±5 per center per year). All infants with a diagnosis of EA/TEF made within 30days of life who had surgical repair of their defect defined as esophageal reconstruction with or without ligation of TEF within the first six months of life were included. Demographic, operative, and outcome data were collected and analyzed to detect associations between variables. Results Prenatal suspicion or diagnosis of EA/TEF was present in 53 (13%). The most common anatomy was proximal EA with distal TEF (n=335; 85%) followed by pure EA (n=27; 7%). Clinically significant congenital heart disease (CHD) was present in 137 (35%). Mortality was 7.5% and significantly associated with CHD ( p Conclusion Contemporary treatment of EA/TEF is characterized by substantial variation in perioperative management and considerable postoperative morbidity and mortality. Future studies are planned to establish best practices and clinical care guidelines for infants with EA/TEF. Level of Evidence Type of study: Treatment study. Level IV.
Toward Bringing Distributed System Design upon Rigorous Footing

The development of distributed systems based on poorly specified abstractions can hinder unambiguous understanding and the creation of common formal analysis methods. In this paper, we outline the design of a system modeling language called DS2, and point out how its primitives are well matched with concerns that naturally arise during distributed system design. We present an operational semantics for DS2 as well as results from an ongoing Scala-based implementation slated to support a variety of state-space exploration techniques. The driving goals of this project are to: (1) provide a prototyping framework within which complex distributed system protocols can be stated and modeled without breaking the primitives down to low level ones, and (2) drive the development of interesting and distributed system-relevant property checking methods (e.g., linearizability).
The Application of Analytics in Government: Unites States Air Force

Each and every American citizen is impacted by decisions made from Government Agencies. The American government stores enormous volumes of data, which unfortunately is not being used to its fullest potential. With data analytics growing expeditiously around the world, is the United States government making effective decisions based on knowledge gained from data analytics? Ultimately, the goal of analytics is to improve business through knowledge that can be utilized for improvements or effective changes (Bus. Dictionary). This paper will focus on why analytics is important to the Unites States Air Force (USAF), the challenges they are facing to implement, proposed solutions for implementation, and how analytics is driving the future for the Air Force.
Injectable Anesthesia for Mice: Combined Effects of Dexmedetomidine, Tiletamine-Zolazepam, and Butorphanol

Anesthetic protocols for murine models are varied within the literature and medetomidine has been implicated in the development of urethral plugs in male mice. Our objective was to evaluate the combination of butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and tiletamine-zolazepam. A secondary objective was to identify which class of agent was associated with urethral obstructions in male mice. BALB/c male (n = 13) and female (n = 23) mice were assigned to dexmedetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam with or without butorphanol or to single agent dexmedetomidine or tiletamine-zolazepam. Anesthesia was achieved in 58% (14/24) of mice without butorphanol and in 100% (24/24) of mice with butorphanol. The combination of dexmedetomidine (0.2 mg/kg), tiletamine-zolazepam (40 mg/kg), and butorphanol (3 mg/kg) resulted in an induction and anesthetic duration of 12 and 143 minutes, respectively. Urethral obstructions occurred in 66% (25/38) of trials in male mice that received dexmedetomidine with a mortality rate of 38% (5/13). Tiletamine-zolazepam, when used alone, resulted in a 0% (0/21) incidence of urethral obstructions. Combination use of dexmedetomidine, tiletamine-zolazepam, and butorphanol results in a longer and more reliable duration of anesthesia than the use of dexmedetomidine and tiletamine-zolazepam alone. Dexmedetomidine is not recommended for use in nonterminal procedures in male mice due to the high incidence of urethral obstructions and resultant high mortality rate.
Learning regularization parameters for general-form Tikhonov

Computing regularization parameters for general-form Tikhonov regularization can be an expensive and difficult task, especially if multiple parameters or many solutions need to be computed in real time. In this work, we assume training data is available and describe an efficient learning approach for computing regularization parameters that can be used for a large set of problems. We consider an empirical Bayes risk minimization framework for finding regularization parameters that minimize average errors for the training data. We first extend methods from Chung et al (2011 SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 33 3132–52) to the general-form Tikhonov problem. Then we develop a learning approach for multi-parameter Tikhonov problems, for the case where all involved matrices are simultaneously diagonalizable. For problems where this is not the case, we describe an approach to compute near-optimal regularization parameters by using operator approximations for the original problem. Finally, we propose a new class of regularizing filters, where solutions correspond to multi-parameter Tikhonov solutions, that requires less data than previously proposed optimal error filters, avoids the generalized SVD, and allows flexibility and novelty in the choice of regularization matrices. Numerical results for 1D and 2D examples using different norms on the errors show the effectiveness of our methods.
A journey surveying the land of space, time and motion

‘‘Time’’, Berlioz wrote, ‘‘is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils.’’ Not only has time taught a great many (and killed all), but it has also spawned many great teachers of time—and of space. In fact, thinking about space and time has driven important parts of philosophy since antiquity and continues to be at the forefront of advances in fundamental physics. This has naturally led to many authors attempting to convey either the physics of space and time or their philosophical reflection to the interested non-specialist. Not few of them, however, wreck their ships navigating the narrow passage between oversimplification and inaccessibility. Others navigate this passage successfully, yet focus exclusively on either the physical or the philosophical aspects and often fail to acknowledge— let alone mine—the fruitful interaction between them. In the book under review, Nick Huggett invites us on a journey surveying the land of space, time and motion. What a delight then, when I found that not only does he steer clear of the treacherous shallows of oversimplification and the inscrutable abysses of inaccessibility but that he also masterfully weaves together the philosophical with the physical thread and forcefully shows how they cross-fertilize. This weaving mostly occurs at the end of each chapter when Huggett explains how the material in the corresponding chapter illustrates the fruitful interaction between physics and philosophy and thus offers a lesson worth reminding of also the specialists. The first chapter starts out from the ‘paradox of change’, i.e. the issue of whether or not a thing can change over time yet remain that same one thing that undergoes the change. For there to be change at all, it seems as if a thing must be the same and different: if it were not different, it would not have changed, yet if it were not the same, it would be impossible to say that it is this thing that changed. Apart from a historical excursus on how Aristotle, Descartes and Newton conceived of change and a very brief introduction to spacetime, this chapter offers a powerful and
Vitamin D3 supplementation decreases a unique circulating monocyte cholesterol pool in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cross-sectional studies indicate consistent associations between low 25(OH)D concentration and increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but results of randomized control trials (RCTs) are mixed. However, the majority of the RCTs do not focus on type 2 diabetics, potentially obscuring the effects of vitamin D in this population. In vitro 1,25(OH)2D3 downregulates macrophage cholesterol deposition, but the in vivo effects are unknown. To explore potential mechanisms of the effects of vitamin D on CVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, we isolated monocytes in a subset of 26 patients from our RCT of diabetics with baseline serum 25(OH)D 50% reduction in the vitamin D group with no change in the placebo group. This was mediated through suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress and scavenger receptor CD36 protein expression. The reduction in monocyte cholesterol uptake was reflected in a 19% decrease in total monocyte cholesterol content. Interestingly, cross-sectional analysis of circulating monocytes from vitamin D-deficient vs. sufficient diabetic patients revealed 8-fold higher cholesteryl ester content, confirming the capacity of these monocytes to uptake and carry cholesterol in the circulation. This study identifies a unique circulating cholesterol pool within monocytes that is modulated by vitamin D and has the potential to contribute to CVD in type 2 diabetes.
On the integration of assembly and non-assembly approaches for comparing biological sequences

As Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies continue to expand rapidly, the need to assemble and manipulate NGS data, available in the form of short genomic reads, remains the primary source of biological data in many Bioinformatics applications. As a result, many assemblers have been developed to assemble NSG short reads into long genomic sequences or contigs ready for advanced analysis such as Whole Genome Wide Studies (GWAS). However, the lack of high levels of robustness and reproducibility continue to limit the impact of Bioinformatics research and many biomedical researchers remain skeptical of results obtained from bioinformatics applications. In this study, we conduct a comparative study of various widely used assemblers and compare their performances using several NGS datasets associated with various organisms. We highlight the advantages and disadvantage of each assembler and explore the factors that impact the performance of each approach. In addition, we survey the assembly-free compression approach recently developed to process NGS short reads to analyze their performance in comparing genomic sequences represented by sets of short reads. We use phylogeny trees obtained from simulated and real datasets to evaluate the accuracy of each assembly-free approach. We test the hypothesis that non-assembly approaches could potentially overcome the limitations and inaccuracies of assembly approaches in comparing sequences, especially for large read sizes. Moreover, we proposed a hybrid approach by integrating both assembly and non-assembly approach for classifying genomic sequences. The proposed approach incorporates results obtained from partially assembling short reads as input for assembly-free methods to complete the NGS manipulation process. Preliminary superior results show that the hybrid approach is potential in comparing genomic sequences.
Race and Legislative Responsiveness in City Council Meetings

Legislative responsiveness under description representation, even at the local level, is often conceptualized as how elites act on or comply with the requests or preferences of minority constituent...
Political liberalism and autonomy education: Are citizenship-based arguments enough?

Several philosophers of education argue that schooling should facilitate students’ development of autonomy. Such arguments fall into two main categories: Student-centered arguments support autonomy education to help enable students to lead good lives; Public-goods-centered arguments support autonomy education to develop students into good citizens. Critics challenge the legitimacy of autonomy education—of the state imposing a schooling curriculum aimed at making children autonomous. In this paper, I offer a unified solution to the challenges of legitimacy that both arguments for autonomy education face. I first defend a particular construal of liberal legitimacy, and then consider each legitimacy challenge in light of that construal. I argue that the legitimacy challenges confronting both types of argument can be overcome. Further, I explain why we should pursue both arguments, rather than resting the entire case for autonomy education on one or the other. I conclude that each argument—if it can justify autonomy education at all—can justify autonomy education consistent with the requirements of liberal democratic legitimacy.
Chapter 1: Prologue and Chapter 8: Epilogue: Race, Rights, and Reparation: Law and the Japanese American Internment

"Race, Rights, and Reparation: Law and the Japanese American Internment," is the first comprehensive course book that provides critical examination of the Asian-American legal experience. It analyzes the legal, social, and ethical ramifications of the incarceration of Japanese-Americans during World War II as well as their successful reparations movement of the 1980s. Appropriate for a diverse set of law school and non-legal courses, it supplements carefully contextualized case law and social policies with dramatic oral histories, essays, commentary, and photographs sure to stimulate class discussion. This book is also designed as a research guide for policy-makers and scholars.The Second Edition represents a substantial revision of the original course book. Several new chapters expressly link the Japanese-American internment cases and redress to the civil liberties and national security issues raised post-9/11, making Asian-American legal history even more relevant to significant contemporary controversies. Other key updates to First Edition material include an even more comprehensive Overview Chapter and the addition of recent scholarly and judicial treatment of the World War II and coram nobis internment cases.Features: The only course book that covers Asian-American legal history and reparations; Accessible, multidisciplinary approach appeals to scholars, students, and instructors of ethnic studies, history, sociology, as well as law and legal studies; Contextualizes internment and reparations to facilitate understanding of what happened and why, including an overview chapter with key details and timelines; Examines how social policy and politics both enabled and constrained legal decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court; Discusses "headline" topics, such as redress for governmental misconduct and the national security implications of the Japanese-American experience; Provocative oral histories, litigation documents, photographs, essays, and commentary that enrich class discussion of judicial decisions; Flexible, modular organization accommodates the focus and interests of different courses and instructors; Authors’ website provides updates and additional information.The First Edition of this text was funded in part by a grant from the United States Congress as part of the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which created an educational fund as part of the redress for interning Japanese Americans during World War II.The Second Edition revision was funded in part by a grant from the California Civil Liberties Public Education Program (CCLPEP), a State-funded grant project administered by the California State Library. Through the CCLPEP's generosity, two full chapters are publicly available and included in this SSRN download: "Chapter 1. Prologue: Willed Concealing, Forgetting, Remembering, and Repairing," and "Chapter 8. Epilogue: "Watchful Care Over the Loaded Weapon."
Die Zurechnung bei der Rechtsscheinhaftung im Wertpapierrecht

Abschliesend ist die Zurechnung des Rechtsscheins im Wertpapierrecht zu erortern. In diesem Zusammenhang sei es gestattet, den nachfolgenden Ausfuhrungen eine kurze Vorbemerkung voranzustellen, die der Klarstellung der Thematik dient und gleichzeitig eine Straffung der Darstellung ermoglicht.
Lyme disease and cardiac sarcoidosis: Management of associated ventricular arrhythmias.

Cardiovascular involvement in Lyme disease is a rarely occurring manifestation. Following infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, Lyme carditis typically presents as atrioventricular (AV) block during the early disseminated stage of the disease ranging from PR interval prolongation to complete heart block, typically resolving after proper antibiotic treatment. Interestingly, AV block is also common in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), and CS has been linked to Lyme disease. We report a patient who was diagnosed with Lyme carditis and ultimately developed CS.
Twenty years of pediatric gunshot wounds in our community: Have we made a difference?

Abstract Background/Purpose Pediatric gunshot wounds (GSWs) carry significant incidence, mortality, and cost. We evaluated 20 years of GSW demographics at this level 1 trauma center and constructed a risk map triangulating areas of high incidence with risk factors. Methods Children 0–18 years suffering a GSW between 1996 and 2016 were identified via our trauma registry. Hospital charges, demographic, socioeconomic, and institutional variables were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of mortality. Geographic information system (GIS) mapping of incident location and residence identified areas of higher incidence. Results The cohort (n = 898) was 86.4% male. Mean age was 15.6 ± 3.4 years. Median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 9 (1–75). Procedural and/or operative intervention occurred in 52.9%. Intent included assault (81.5%) and unintentional injury (12.8%). Hospital charges showed significant annual increase. Annual incidence varied without trend (p = 0.89). Mapping revealed significant clustering of GSWs in known lower socioeconomic areas. Yearly and total GSWs were highest in one particular zip code. ISS was a significant predictor of mortality (n = 18) (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15–1.22, p Conclusions Our impoverished neighborhoods have higher pediatric GSW incidence, unchanged over 20 years. Alternative community-based prevention efforts should involve neighborhood capacity building and economic strengthening. Type of study Retrospective study. Level of evidence Level IV.
Revisión de la concentración-dispersión a través de la densidad de vivienda y su efecto en la forma urbana / Review of concentration-dispersion through housing density and its effect on urban form

The concentration or dispersion of the population and the relation that these urban variables have with the urban form of Culiacan Rosales city, analyzing the housing densities are studied in this work. Until a few decades ago, the urban form of the city could be explained by the monocentric model based on the sociological theories of the Chicano School and its derivatives. However, at the threshold of the twenty-first century these theories have shown their exhaustion because they cannot explain the emergence of tertiary activities scattered throughout the urban territory, which after a while are concentrated forming subcenters that affect the urban form of the city , and for its adequate explanation it is necessary to use, with a different vision, the tools for the analysis of urban territory based on multivariate statistics combined with Geographic Information Systems that allow determining the dispersion or compactness of the city and other phenomena.
New Job, New Challenges: Life After Radiology Training

OBJECTIVE. Beginning a new job after radiology training is exciting but can also be nerve-racking. The key challenge remains making the strange familiar and assimilating with the new practice as so...
A Channel Model for Development of the Fertilization Membrane in Sea Urchin Eggs

The channels we consider in this chapter have not yet been observed. They are part of a model we have developed to describe the increase in cytosolic calcium that occurs within an egg following fertilization. Before describing the model, it is useful to provide some background. First, we outline the processes that occur following fertilization of a sea urchin egg, in order to put into context the role of the increase in cytosolic calcium. Then we summarize the experimental evidence that guided the development of the model. Finally, we describe the model in words and in equations and indicate some of its predictions.
Correlation between Biological Effective Dose and Radiation-induced Liver Disease from Hypofractionated Radiotherapy.

Background: The prevention of radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) is very significant in ensuring a safe radiation treatment and high quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of physical and biological effective dose (BED) metrics with liver toxicity from hypo-fractionated liver radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: 41 hypo-fractionated patients in 2 groups were evaluated for classic radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) and chronic RILD, respectively. Patients were graded for effective toxicity (post-treatment minus pre-treatment) using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. Physical dose (PD) distributions were converted to BED. The V10Gy, V15Gy, V20Gy, V25Gy and V30Gy physical dose-volume metrics were used in the analysis together with their respective BED-converted metrics of V16.7Gy3, V30Gy3, V46.7Gy3, V66.7Gy3 and V90Gy3. All levels were normalized to their respective patient normal liver volumes (NLV) and evaluated for correlation to RILD. Results were measured quantitatively using R2 regression analysis. Results: The classic RILD group had median follow-up time of 1.9 months and the average PD-NLV normalized V10Gy, V15Gy, V20Gy, V25Gy and V30Gy metrics per grade were plotted against RILD yielding R2 correlations of 0.84, 0.72, 0.73, 0.65 and 0.70, respectively while the BED-volume metrics of V16.7Gy3, V30Gy3, V46.7Gy3, V66.7Gy3 and V90Gy3 resulted in correlation values of 0.84, 0.74, 0.66, 0.78 and 0.74, respectively. BED compared to PD showed a statistically significant (p=.03) increase in R2 for the classic RILD group. Chronic RILD group had median follow-up time of 12.3 months and the average PD-NLV normalized V10Gy, V15Gy, V20Gy, V25Gy and V30Gy metrics per grade were plotted against RILD grade yielding R2 correlations of 0.48, 0.92, 0.88, 0.90 and 0.99 while the BED-volume metrics of V16.7Gy3, V30Gy3, V46.7Gy3, V66.7Gy3 and V90Gy3 resulted in correlation values of 0.43, 0.94, 0.99, 0.21 and 0.00, respectively. Conclusion: The strong correlations of the V10Gy and V15Gy PD-volume metrics as well as the V16.7Gy3(BED of V10Gy) to both classic and chronic RILD imply the appropriateness of the current 15Gy evaluation level for liver toxicity with hypo-fractionated treatments.
Divining Domination: Steve Bannon as a Political Mystagogue

Right-wing commentators (on tv, radio, newspapers, documentaries, or the internet) are often considered a source of misinformation and radicalization in American politics. Understanding the role of such commentators in the political sphere has taken on new significance since the election of Trump, who regularly takes talking points as well as political advice from prominent figures in right-wing media. The purpose of these political “shock jocks” also extends beyond mere political commentary: They offer their audience a framework for understanding the world. This framework contains certain reified perceptions of society and history. Durkheim and those working in his tradition have long recognized that the reification of social forces forms the basis for religious, magical, and mystical beliefs and practices. Therefore, these hosts offer their audience a form of political mysticism. In this article I will discuss a Durkheimian perspective religion and magic, and I will show how it can be productively applied to Steve Bannon’s political ideology. I argue that from a Durkheimian perspective Steve Bannon is a mystagogue, a modern diviner and diviner of the modern, who, to varying degrees, offers his followers a mystical worldview. I also argue that a central part of the dynamic between host and listener is the same as what O’Keefe argued is the core dynamic of magic: the defense of the self against society. This theoretical perspective opens up a new way of understanding certain political movements while shedding light on the dangerous phenomena of personalization.
Association of Primary Language and Hospitalization for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions.

Background Limited English proficiency is associated with decreased access to ambulatory care, however, it is unclear if this disparity leads to increased use of emergency departments (EDs) for low severity ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). Objective We sought to determine the association between the patient's preferred language and hospital utilization for ACSCs. Research design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all ED visits in New Jersey in 2013 and 2014. The primary outcome was hospital admission for acute ACSCs, chronic ACSCs, and fractures (a nonambulatory care sensitive control condition). Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) utilization and length of stay. Mixed-effect regression models estimated the association between preferred language (English vs. non-English) and study outcomes, controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. Results We examined 201,351 ED visits for acute ACSCs, 251,193 visits for chronic ACSCs, and 148,428 visits for fractures, of which 13.5%, 11.1%, and 9.9%, respectively, were by non-English speakers. In adjusted analyses, non-English speakers were less likely to be admitted for acute ACSCs [-3.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI), -3.6% to -2.5%] and chronic ACSCs (-2.3%; 95% CI, -2.8% to -1.7%) but not fractures (0.4%; 95% CI, -0.2% to 1.0%). Among hospitalized patients, non-English speakers were less likely to receive ICU services but had no difference in length of stay. Conclusions These findings suggest non-English-speaking patients may seek ED care for lower acuity ACSCs than English-speaking patients. Efforts to decrease preventable ED and increase access to ambulatory care use should consider the needs of non-English-speaking patients.
A 435MHz, 2.5Mbps/W Side-Channel-Attack Resistant Crypto-Processor for Secure RSA-4K Public-Key Encryption in 14nm CMOS

A 0.072mm2 SCA-Resistant RSA-4K crypto-processor fabricated in 14nm CMOS achieves peak encryption throughput of 0.08Mbps at 750mV, 25°C. Exponent magnitude/timing randomization with dynamic RF addressing provide 711× lower means-separation in current/EM trace magnitudes, reducing attacker's accuracy to an ineffective random guess classification while limiting area/performance overhead to 3%.