cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
So you think you look young? Matching older adults’ subjective ages with age estimations provided by younger, middle-aged, and older adults

Perceived age plays an important role in the context of age identity and social interactions. To examine how accurate individuals are in estimating how old they look and how old others are, younger...
Epistemological Limits of the State: Reflections on Popper's Open Society

The ethical theory of Popper's Open Society threatens, against his wishes, to lapse into a form of relativism. This consequence is avoided if a closer parallel than Popper himself allows for is drawn between his ethical theory and his epistemology. This produces a fallibilistic ethical intuitionism, in which the judgements of the individual are subject to criticism by the judgements of others. From this, however, an epistemological rationale is provided for the autonomy of the individual and moral limits are drawn to the sphere of legitimate action by the state.
American Dental Hygienists' Association: 50 years of growth.

Fifty years ago, Sept 12, 1923, dental hygienists, assisted and encouraged by the American Dental Association, met in Cleveland to form the American Dental Hygienists’ Association. From a nucleus of fewer than 150 members it has grown to include more than 12,500 licensed dental hygienists, 8,000 students, and, with a recent bylaws change, four allied members—non-dental hygienists who support the association’s objectives. In numbers, it grew slowly for it was still a young profession thoughtfully accepting the challenges presented. In stature, it grew more rapidly for its leaders eagerly accepted the obligations of professional and association self-betterment.
Working memory and schizophrenia: evidence for slowed encoding

Previous studies have found impairments in working memory in individuals with schizophrenia, but have not identified the underlying information processing deficit. Because schizophrenia is associated with slowed cognitive processing, deficits on working memory tests may be due to decreased speed of encoding rather than an inability to maintain information over time. This hypothesis was examined using a Delayed Match to Sample (DMTS) Test. Task difficulty under 0-delay conditions was equated by individually establishing the stimulus presentation time needed to reach approximately 80% accuracy. Schizophrenia participants required longer presentation durations, but there were no group differences under delay conditions when performance was equated in the 0-delay condition. These results suggest that poor working memory performance in schizophrenia results from slowed encoding processes.
Chemoprevention for Healthy Women: Harbinger of Things to Come?

Chemoprevention is a new form of medicalization in which healthy individuals take medications to reduce their risk of getting a disease. For the first time, a cancer chemotherapy agent has been approved for use in women who may be at high risk of getting breast cancer, but do not have the disease. Rather than promoting this remarkable new use of a drug to physicians alone, the manufacturer is advertising it directly to women in print and broadcast media. The article reports a study of women’s responses to these ads and discusses emerging meanings associated with the new category of being ‘at risk.’
Phospholipid fixation by dichromate-sublimate.

Phospholipids may be preserved for study in paraffin sections by fixing the tissue 1 to 3 days at room temperature in 2.5% potassium dichromate dissolved in 5% mercuric chloride. After this dichromate-sublimate fixative and paraffin embedding, the phospholipids are readily stained with Sudan black.
Origin of the Saturn System

Cassini mission results are providing new insights into the origin of the Saturn system and giant planet satellite systems generally. The chapter discusses current models for the formation of giant planets and their satellites and reviews major Cassini findings which help advance our understanding of the system's formation and evolution to its current state.
Are Student Groups Dysfunctional? Perspectives from Both Sides of the Classroom.

In today’s business world, the ability to work efficiently and effectively in a team is mandatory to a business student’s success. Many employers rank “ability to work with a group” as one of the m...
Androgen Metabolism and Prostate Cancer: Establishing a Model of Genetic Susceptibility

The prostate is an androgen-regulated organ, which has led to longstanding interest in the role of androgens in prostate carcinogenesis. Although evidence of a hormonal etiology for prostate cancer is strong, it is almost entirely circumstantial. Much of the problem in proving a causal relationship relates to the continued difficulties in reliably measuring human tissue-specific exposure to endogenous steroid hormones. The international and racial-ethnic variations in prostate cancer incidence, combined with the effects of migration on risk patterns, have suggested that genetic factors play a central role in determining prostate cancer risk. We are developing a polygenic model of prostate carcinogenesis, focused around a series of genes involved in androgen biosynthesis, transport and metabolism. We have begun to develop this model by utilizing sequence variants to study how polymorphic markers in two genes (SRD5A2 and AR) are related to prostate cancer risk within and between racial-ethnic groups. We are now collaborating with the Whitehead Institute/MIT, Center for Genome Research, to screen for single nucleotide polymorphisms in additional genes relevant to the androgen pathway and prostate cell growth. The model when fully developed can potentially provide a basis for targeting populations for screening interventions and for implementing primary preventive strategies.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 regulatory proteins, bICP0 and VP16, are readily detected in trigeminal ganglionic neurons expressing the glucocorticoid receptor during the early stages of reactivation from latency.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a lifelong latent infection in sensory neurons following acute infection. Increased corticosteroid levels, due to stress, increases the incidence of reactivation from latency. Within minutes, corticosteroids activate the glucocorticoid receptor and transcription of promoters containing a glucocorticoid receptor element. A single intravenous injection of the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency in calves. Lytic cycle viral gene expression is detected within 6 h after dexamethasone treatment of calves latently infected with BHV-1. Cellular transcription factors are induced by dexamethasone in trigeminal ganglionic neurons within 1.5 h after dexamethasone treatment, suggesting they promote viral gene expression during the early phases of reactivation from latency, which we operationally defined as the escape from latency. In this study, immunohistochemistry was utilized to examine viral protein expression during the escape from latency. Within 1.5 h after dexamethasone treatment, bICP0 and a late protein (VP16) were consistently detected in a subset of trigeminal ganglionic neurons. Most neurons expressing bICP0 also expressed VP16. Additional studies revealed that neurons expressing the glucocorticoid receptor also expressed bICP0 or VP16 at 1.5 h after dexamethasone treatment. Two other late proteins, glycoprotein C and D, were not detected until 6 h after dexamethasone treatment and were detected in only a few neurons. These studies provide evidence that VP16 and the promiscuous viral trans-activator (bICP0) are expressed during the escape from latency, suggesting they promote the production of infectious virus in a small subset of latently infected neurons.
How Informative Is the CANTAB to Assess Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD? A Controlled Study

Objective: The authors examined the utility of the computerized Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to evaluate executive functioning deficits in children with ADHD. Method...
THE LONG-RUN EFFECTS UPON THE UNITED STATES OF THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EAST†

THE OBJECTIVE of this dissertation was to explore theoretically the economic effects of the industrialization of India and China upon the United States. This examination involved a combination of theoretical analysis, and the application of this theory to the statistical material available on India and China. The theoretical framework used was the theory of international trade. An attempt was made to determine those fields in which India and China might have a comparative advantage, which would enable them to compete effectively in the production of industrial goods. Then, assuming that the two countries did industrialize to a technical level approximately equivalent to that of Japan (possible new techniques were not considered), calculations were made of the output of various types of goods that the countries would produce, the percentage of workers in India and China that would be employed, and the raw material requirements for such a level of industrialization. Following this, the foreign trade and productive structure of the United States was examined to estimate the effect of this industrialization upon the comparative advantage of this country, under conditions of relatively free movement of goods in international trade. The population of 800,000,000 people in India and China is both a source of a major comparative advantage, as a supply of relatively inexpensive labor, and a major problem in the attempt to raise the living standards of the people. Industrialization is probably the one hope of the latter goal, but any industrial program would have to be very extensive if it wDre to employ a large proportion of the total population. It is doubtful if there is sufficient internal consumer's demand for industrial products, at present low per capita incomes, to support such a program, so that a large part of the output might have to be exported. This might so reduce the prices of manufac-
Side effects from the copper IUD: do they decrease over time?

Background The copper intrauterine device (IUD) can cause side effects in some women; increased uterine bleeding and pain may cause early removal. Because of simplified reporting from previous research, little is known about how side effects might change over time.
Diets of Free-Ranging Mexican Gray Wolves in Arizona and New Mexico

Systematic diet studies of Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi) were not conducted before wolves were extirpated by the late 1960s from the southwestern United States. We collected carnivore scats (n = 1,682) from the Apache and Gila national forests in Arizona and New Mexico, USA, from April 1998 through October 2001 and identified scats to species using traditional field methods, of which 251 were identified as Mexican wolf scats. We found the diet consisted of large-sized food items (92.8% percent frequency of occurrence [PFO]), primarily elk (Cervus elaphus) adults (36.6% PFO) and calves (36.2% PFO). Biomass calculations indicated that Mexican wolves consumed 414 kg of prey as represented by the scats, with elk representing 76.7% of the biomass. When comparing PFO with percent biomass, PFO calculations may have underrepresented larger food items and percent biomass may have overrepresented smaller food items. We compared the diet composition of Mexican wolf scats (n = 251) to the diets reported in previous North American gray wolf (C. lupus) studies (n = 7). The high proportion of elk in Mexican wolf diets in our study area may reflect the low-density, early colonizing stage of the wolf population and elk probably being the most numerous ungulate in our study area. Our results suggested that free-ranging Mexican wolves consumed a higher proportion of large-sized prey than other North American gray wolves. Our results provide baseline diet information for a newly reestablished wolf population.
Support for National Health Insurance Seven Years Into Massachusetts Healthcare Reform: Views of Populations Targeted by the Reform.

Before the Affordable Care Act (ACA), many surveys showed majority support for national health insurance (NHI), also known as single payer; however, little is currently known about views of the ACA's targeted population. Massachusetts residents have had seven years of experience with state health care reform that became the model for the ACA. We surveyed 1,151 adults visiting safety-net emergency departments in Massachusetts in late 2013 on their preference for NHI or the Massachusetts reform and on their experiences with insurance. Most of the patients surveyed were low-income and non-white. The majority of patients (72.0%) preferred NHI to the Massachusetts reform. Support for NHI among those with public insurance, commercial insurance, and no insurance was 68.9%, 70.3%, and 86.3%, respectively (p < .001). Support for NHI was higher among patients dissatisfied with their insurance plan (83.3% vs. 68.9%, p = .014), who delayed medical care (81.2% vs. 69.6%, p < .001) or avoided purchasing medications due to cost (87.3% vs. 71.4%; p = .01). Majority support for NHI was observed in every demographic subgroup. Given the strong support for NHI among disadvantaged Massachusetts patients seven years after state health reform, a reappraisal of the ACA's ability to meet the needs of underserved patients is warranted.
Enhanced Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis Spores during Solar Photolysis of Free Available Chlorine

Aqueous free available chlorine (FAC) can be photolyzed by sunlight and/or artificial UV light to generate various reactive oxygen species, including HO• and O(3P). The influence of this chemistry on inactivation of chlorine-resistant microorganisms was investigated using Bacillus subtilis endospores as model microbial agents and simulated and natural solar radiation as light sources. Irradiation of FAC solutions markedly enhanced inactivation of B. subtilis spores in 10 mM phosphate buffer; increasing inactivation rate constants by as much as 600%, shortening inactivation curve lag phase by up to 73% and lowering CTs required for 2 log10 inactivation by as much as 71% at pH 8.0 and 10 °C. Similar results were observed at pH 7.4 and 10 °C in two drinking water samples with respective DOC concentrations and alkalinities of 0.6 and 1.2 mg C/L and 81.8 and 17.1 mg/L as CaCO3. Solar radiation alone did not inactivate B. subtilis spores under the conditions investigated. A variety of experimental data indicate...
Width and Crystal Orientation Dependent Band Gap Renormalization in Substrate-Supported Graphene Nanoribbons

The excitation energy levels of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), are strongly affected by the presence of a substrate due to the long-range screening effects. We develop a first-principles approach combining density functional theory (DFT), the GW approximation, and a semiclassical image-charge model to compute the electronic band gaps in planar 1D systems in weak interaction with the surrounding environment. Application of our method to the specific case of GNRs yields good agreement with the range of available experimental data and shows that the band gap of substrate-supported GNRs are reduced by several tenths of an electronvolt compared to their isolated counterparts, with a width and orientation-dependent renormalization. Our results indicate that the band gaps in GNRs can be tuned by controlling screening at the interface by changing the surrounding dielectric materials.
Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Thermal Polymerization Products of Methyl Linoleate

This study shows that gas-liquid chromatography serves as a useful means for investigating the composition of the composite product formed by the thermal polymerization of methyl Linoleate. In particular, temperature-programmed gas-liquid chromatography is useful for the determination of the monomer and dimer contents. The monomer and dimer fractions can be quantitatively separated on column of 1.5% SE 30 silicon gum rubber-coated chromosorb W, with the column temperature being programmed from 200 to 310°C at a rate of 7.5°C per min, ; and the monomer and dimer contents can readily be determined from the peak areas. If desired, the trimer content can be estimated from the residue on the colomn under the assumption that the amount of the tetramers and higher polymers in the thermal polymerization products is negligibly small as compared with the trimer content. This temperature-programmed technique proved to be satisfactory when it is applied to the analysis of monomer-rich and dimer-rich samples from the fractional molecular distillation of thermally polymerized methyl Linoleate. On the other hand, isothermal gas-liquid chromatography served as a satisfactory means for the determination of monomeric isomers in methyl Linoleate-rich fraction separated by vacuum distillation. Results of analysis for monomeric isomers by isothermal gas-liquid chromatography suggest that octadecamonoenoate is formed during the thermal polymeri-zation of methyl linoleate.
Life History of a Red Oak Leaf-Mining Sawfly, Profenusa alumna MacGillivray (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

A little-known leaf-mining sawfly, Profenusa alumna MacGillivray, was responsible for severe browning and defoliation of northern red oak, Quercus rubra L., from 1956 to 1968 in Maine. All life stages were observed under both field and laboratory conditions to investigate its developmental and population biology. This sawfly over wintered as a prepupa in the soil. No males were found among thousands of adults examined. Populations subsided in 1968, following a sharp increase in larval and egg parasites. Parasitism of mature P. alumna larvae by Endasys sp. alone reached 75% in heavily infested areas in 1968.
Investigation on Level of Measles Antibody of Floating Workers in Shunyi District of Beijing

Objective To carry out the surveillance of immune level among the main crowd,and provide evi- dence to establish control strategies for measles in Shunyi District.Methods The floating workers were ran- domly sampled as the subjects,and divided into 3 age groups.The measles virus specific IgG antibody was detected by ELISA.Results The total number of surveillance subjects was 206,and the positive rate of IgG was 93.69%.The average concentration of IgG was 1 551 IU/ml.There was no significant difference in age, gender,and household registration among the subjects,and the differences in measles antibody level and posi- tive rate were also not significant.Conclusion The positive rate of IgG and the antibody concentration of the floating workers in Shunyi District are high,which indicates that there is little possibility of the outbreak of measles in a large area in Shunyi District at present.
Experimental study on mercury capture using non-carbon sorbents in 100 MW coal-fired power plant

The mercury removal from the flue gas discharged from a 100 MW coal-fired power plant in China by non-carbon sorbents CuCl2 impregnated alumina and zeolite were experimentally investigated in this paper. When the sorbent were added into, the mercury speciation in flue gas across ESP was directly sampled and analyzed using EPA 30 B standard method. The effect of injection rate was studied. The mercury balances measured on-site were between 77.1%—111.5%, and the results of mercury balance after correction suggested that the rates of mercury removal increased with increase of injecting amounts, and was up to 30.6% for modified alumina and 29.2% for modified zeolite. The Hg0 content in flue gas reduced considerably after sorbent injection, and decreased from 40% to 22% when the sorbent injection rate was 0.22 g·m-3. Non-carbon sorbent injection combined with WFGD system could be an effective technology for controlling mercury emission of coal-fired power plant.
Natural vs anthropogenic risk reduction: Facing invasion risks involving multi-stable outcomes

Abstract Natural resources important to economic systems are managed in the presence of event uncertainty, marking the transition from a more desirable ex ante state to a less desirable ex post state. The risks of this transition are endogenous and depend on state of the natural resource system and human behavior. In designing least cost policies of risk reduction, policy makers should consider the optimal mix of natural and human risk reduction. Decisions about the best risk reduction mix matter most for systems vulnerable to ex post multi-stability, in which the natural resource system has the potential to begin in one of multiple, locally optimal basins of attraction. This is because ex ante decisions can affect the initial conditions for the ex post system, thereby determining the ex post basin of attraction and the optimal ex post state. In this paper, we find that an ex ante system that is convex and uniquely stable without risk may become non-convex and multi-stable in the presence of endogenous risks and ex post multi-stability. This result arises because ex post non-convexities, and the uncertainties associated with the invasion and its magnitude, can create ex ante non-convexities that generate multiple optimality candidates.
Acute progesterone administration regresses persistent dominant follicles and improves fertility of cattle in which estrus was synchronized with melengestrol acetate.

Experiments were conducted to determine whether acute progesterone administration would regress persistent follicles and improve fertility in heifers and postpartum cows fed melengestrol acetate (MGA). In Exp. 1, heifers (n = 13) were fed MGA for 11 d (1st d of MGA = d 1). Prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was administered to heifers on d 2 to regress the corpus luteum (CL). On d 9, heifers were randomly assigned to receive an injection of either 200 mg of progesterone (PROG) or no hormone (vehicle; VEH). Neither growth of the persistent follicle nor plasma estradiol concentrations were altered by administration of VEH, and the persistent follicle ovulated after cessation of MGA feeding. Administration of PROG regressed the persistent follicle, reduced (P < .05) systemic estradiol concentrations, and resulted in ovulation of a newly recruited follicle. In Exp. 2, heifers were fed MGA for 14 d and were administered either PROG (n = 30) or VEH (n = 31) on d 12. When the CL was absent on d 12, synchronization conception rate (SCR) and pregnancy rate (PR) were greater (P < .05) for heifers administered PROG than for those administered VEH. Neither SCR nor PR were different among treatments when the CL was present on d 12. In Exp. 3, cows (n = 49) were fed MGA for 14 d and were administered either PROG or VEH on d 12. In cows lacking a CL (n = 32), administration of PROG increased (P < .05) SCR, but not PR. We conclude that acute PROG administration induces turnover of persistent follicles and may increase fertility when estrus is synchronized with MGA.
Some Behavioral and Biological Aspects of Alcohol Problems in Women

It is generally acknowledged that relatively little is known about alcoholism and problem drinking in women. The origins, expression, and consequences of alcohol abuse for women remain obscure. Although these issues have not been resolved for alcohol problems generally, most of the existing information about alcohol abuse has come from clinical studies of men. The question of possible sex-related differences has seldom been raised explicitly (Edwards et al., 1973; Mulford, 1977; Wanberg and Horn, 1970).
Approach to patients with essential thrombocythaemia and very high platelet counts: what is the evidence for treatment?

Summary Treatment of essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is directed at decreasing the risk of complications of the disease, including arterial and venous thrombosis and bleeding episodes. Established risk factors for vascular events in patients with ET include advanced age (>60 years) and prior history of thrombosis or haemorrhage. The role, if any, of other potential risk factors, including cardiovascular risk factors, leucocytosis, high haematocrit, and JAK2 V617F has been analysed in multiple studies. The impact of thrombocytosis on the risk of vascular events has also been investigated. Many clinicians consider an elevated platelet count to be a risk factor for thrombosis or, when extreme, bleeding and utilize this as a criterion to start cytoreductive therapy. However, the relationship between thrombocytosis and vascular events is controversial and solid evidence to support the use of cytoreductive therapy in ET patients who have no other risk factors is lacking. In this review, we discuss current treatment recommendations for patients with ET, the biology underlying vascular events and risk factors thereof. We then review the evidence on the management of patients with ET and extreme thrombocytosis.
The construction of access: the eugenic precedent of the Americans with Disabilities Act

AbstractThis paper interrogates the language of the legal precedents of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and their function, including the 1891 Immigration Law and the series of ‘ugly laws’ that spanned from the late nineteenth century until the early twentieth century. Legislative language is used to construct and deploy static definitions of normalcy and disability, relying on ‘objective’ evidence couched in medical and scientific discourse. The purpose of this paper is to uncover the legislative precedents of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) that were motivated by the eugenicist imperative to strengthen the image of a productive and robust nation. I begin by outlining eugenicist logic and demonstrate how it functions within a semiotic system. Then, I will introduce the process by which eugenicist logic works within legal semiotics. Lastly, I will provide three examples of how this process functions in the legislative language and implementation of the 1891 Immigration...
The Symbolic Order of Action and Possibility Bearing on Time

Crowley addresses the prime roles of represented wealth in videogames from the twentieth century. Providing a rationale for the application of Northrup Frye and Gerard Genette’s literary theories to non-prose subjects, Crowley explores the significance of capital exchange as a theme in titles such as Spacewar!, The Oregon Trail, Pac Man, and Super Mario Brothers. These titles contribute to the tradition of sentimental romance with imaginative schemes for representing and valuing player action as it bears on the player’s time of play. “The Symbolic Order of Action and Possibility Bearing on Time” concludes with an exploration of such orders as they exist beyond the immediate gaming experience—that is, in the fictions of lore that are often generated around represented capital in videogames.
Neuroleptic Agents for Chronic Pelvic Pain

The neuroleptic medications gabapentin and pregabalin have been used for many years in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Although used in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), researchers have explored their efficacy in a large host of other chronic pain syndromes including chronic pelvic pain. Both drugs act as antagonists to the alpha-2-delta (α2δ) subunit on voltage-sensitive calcium channels located within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, thereby modulating pain signal transmission within the central nervous system. Use of neuroleptics has proven quite effective in patients with neuropathic pelvic pain, with significant improvement in pain symptoms frequently within one month of initiating treatment. Dosing may be limited by the incidence of mild to moderate adverse effects, most commonly dizziness and somnolence. Although the incidence of unwanted side effects ranges from 59 to 66 %, these symptoms are frequently not severe enough to discontinue treatment and are frequently transient.
Safety-Net Academic Hospital Experience in Following Up Noncritical Yet Potentially Significant Radiologist Recommendations.

OBJECTIVE. In this retrospective study, we identified the types of noncritical recommendations radiologists issued over a 15-day period, the percentage of noncritical radiology recommendations that were not acted on or acknowledged in the medical records, potential causes for recommendations not being acted on, and the potential risk of harm to patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We conducted a retrospective review of radiology reports and patient records from January 1, 2014, to January 15, 2014, at a large tertiary academic center and regional safety-net hospital. RESULTS. A total of 6851 reports were reviewed; 857 (13%) contained at least one noncritical recommendation, with 978 total recommendations. The two most common recommendations were additional imaging (63%, n = 615) and clinical correlation (23%, n = 229). The majority of radiology recommendations were followed (67%, n = 655), but 323 cases (33%) contained no evidence that recommendations were followed. Of those that were not followed, 39% (n = 1...
Impact of nanomedicine on hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 activity: things to consider during pre-clinical and clinical studies

Hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is an important drug-metabolizing enzyme as it is responsible for metabolizing over 30% of currently marketed drugs across most therapeutic classes. CYP3A4 is regulated at various stages including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational expression. Changes made at any of these stages of CYP3A4 regulation could result in fluctuations in CYP3A4 levels and/or activity. These alterations are important to understand as they could lead to drug–drug interactions, sub-therapeutic levels or toxic levels of pharmaceutical drugs. Nanomedicine, the use of nanotechnology for treatment, diagnosis and monitoring of biological systems, is a growing market. This includes use of viral vectors for gene transfer and vaccine applications and nanoparticles based on gold and silver for various applications. Both have shown to alter CYP3A4 activity and function. Hence, during pre-clinical and clinical studies it is important to elucidate any effect of nanomedicines on CYP3A4 to avoid unintended changes in maintenance of medications due to changes in drug metabolism.
Phosphatidylethanol Levels Among Incarcerated Women: The Influence of Pre-incarceration Alcohol Consumption and Length of Abstinence

Background Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct biomarker for alcohol that is formed shortly after alcohol use and may remain detectable in blood for weeks after alcohol consumption. There is little research on alcohol use factors that influence PEth elimination, especially among women. Methods Data were collected from 116 alcohol use-disordered women who were recently incarcerated. We used a 2-part model with logistic and linear components to examine whether alcohol consumption in the 2 weeks prior to incarceration and days since last alcoholic drink (operationalized as abstinence days prior to incarceration + days incarcerated) were associated with PEth detectability (>8 ng/ml) and level (ng/ml) in blood. Results Participants reported drinking an average of 10 drinks per day in the 2 weeks prior to incarceration. Days since last drink was negatively associated with PEth level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93; 0.99) and being PEth detectable (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91; 0.99). Quantity of alcohol consumed prior to jail admission was associated with PEth detection (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.03; 1.16), but not PEth level. Conclusions Days since last alcoholic drink and drinks per day both influenced PEth detectability, but only days since last drink predicted PEth level among a large sample of women with alcohol use disorder in the criminal justice system.
In-Band LOS Discovery Between Drones Using Highly Directional Transceivers

Line-of-sight (LOS) establishment is a significant part of the neighbor discovery process for an ad-hoc network with highly directional antennas/transceivers. And, this problem of establishing LOS between neighbor nodes become even more challenging when they have no a priori information about each other's location. In this paper, we present a heuristic for LOS neighbor discovery between two drones capable of scanning the 3D space around them using highly directional transceivers. The drones can mechanically steer their respective transceivers with randomly chosen angular speeds on arbitrary circular paths and perform a simple three-way handshake to discover each other. They change the circular scanning paths and angular speeds if the discovery is not successful within an optimal time interval. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that using such mechanically steerable highly directional transceivers, two neighbor drones can discover each other successfully even without prior location information about each other and without any omnidirectional out-of-band channel to exchange information with each other.
Bowel Perforation Resulting in Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection of the Abdomen, Flank, and Lower Extremities

Abstract Background: Fournier's gangrene is a necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) that often originates from a break in bowel integrity and affects the perineum, anus, or genitalia. Although t...
Intending, Judging, and the Cognitive Model

Donald Davidson’s important paper ‘Intending’ contains an articulation of what Davidson calls “pure intending.” (Citations throughout are to Davidson’s ‘Intending’ in his Essays on Actions and Events, 1980). What does Davidson understand by “intending” and “pure intending”?
Switching Options and Coordination Costs in Multinational Firms

In this study, we investigate how foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinationality affect firms' risk levels. Our investigation builds on the idea from real options theory that international operations offer multinational corporations (MNCs) switching options, yet we also emphasize different sources of coordination costs that can mitigate the benefits of operational flexibility. The findings from Heckman models and Tobit two-stage models with selectivity underscore the importance of unobserved heterogeneity in the relationship between foreign investment and organizational risk. Consistent with the coordination costs surrounding international operations, we find that the relationship between multinationality and downside risk is curvilinear: risk first declines and then increases as a firm's portfolio of international investments becomes extensive. In addition, downside risk is an increasing function of the average cultural distance between a firm's home base and the host countries in which its foreign subsidiaries operate.
SMALL SCALE TIDAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

ABSTRACT The conventional approach to the problem of harnessing tidal energy is based on the construction of a massive rigid dam across the mouth of an ocean bay with low-speed, big-dimensioned, reversible hydroturbines installed in the dam body. Thus, the powerhouse serves as part of a barrier. The mentioned method excludes any attempt of harnessing tidal energy for the small scale consumption because high capital investments are required even for a small tidal power installation. This paper outlines an approach which overcomes most of the disadvantages of the earlier schemes by directly converting the energy of the ocean tides into the energy of compressed air by means of specialized chambers which are installed on the ocean bed. In this project, the space under the shore located building (“expanded basement”) is connected with open ocean and thus is used as a chamber for the compression of air (flood cycle) and creation of partial vacuum (ebb cycle). Pressure differential in both cases creates air flow which in its turn drives the air turbine generating energy for the building consumers.
Observations of resonances and antiresonances in modal propagation over muddy sediment layer

Measurements of signals generated over the New England mud patch, an area of ocean roughly 70 m deep characterized by a 10 m thick surficial mud-layer, by the Intensity Vector Autonomous Recorder (IVAR) are presented. IVAR is a bottom deployed system that measures both potential and kinetic energy roughly 1.2 m above the seafloor. Data originate from signals generated by a towed J15 source (transmission in the 50–500 Hz band), and signal underwater sound (SUS) MK-64 explosive sources, both part of the SCE17 signal set, and individual modes are identified by their unique Doppler shifts and/or through time-frequency analysis of dispersion. The density contrast between water and mud manifests a concentration kinetic energy in the water column, specifically when the water/mud interface intersects a node of the vertical mode functions. Following the work of Tolstoy (JASA 28(6), 1182–1192, 1956), data observations are fit to a representative sediment model through coupling two reduced waveguides, one representing the water column and the other the layered sediment, at their lattice points. The persistence of a resonance, which occurs at intersecting lattice points, is examined in terms of the range dependence in water depth and sediment structure.
Experimental and Modeling Comparison of Different Damping Techniques to Suppress Switching Oscillations of SiC MOSFETs

The switching oscillations associated with the ultrafast switching characteristics of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs seriously limit the potential of high frequency and high power density applications. To understand and mitigate this behavior, it is critical to analyze and compare different damping techniques for the oscillation suppression. This paper presents a simple RLC circuit model for SiC MOSFET turn-off switching oscillation, where the mitigation design guidelines are provided based on modeling analysis. The calculation, simulation and experimental results indicate that the switching oscillations can be properly controlled with the methods presented in this work. It is observed that the RC snubber and ferrite bead techniques offer more effective damping solution than the gate driver slowdown or extra gate resistor approaches.
UNIT 14.5 Analysis of Protein Ubiquitination

Attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to a protein requires a series of enzymes that recognize the substrate and promote Ub transfer. Several methods are described in this unit for determining if a protein has Ub-transferring activity. They include immunoblotting of immunoprecipitated proteins, affinity purification using His-tagged Ub, assaying for auto-ubiquitination of E3, and assaying ubiquitination of a model substrate protein in vitro and in E. coli cells that express Ub-ligation enzymes. These methods are suitable for a variety of eukaryotic cells, but techniques are specifically described for use with yeast and mammalian cells. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 66:14.5.1-14.5.13. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: ubiquitin; immunoprecipitation; ubiquitin-protein ligase
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, FINANCIAL INNOVATION, AND FINANCIAL REGULATION IN THE U.S.: THE CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC POLICY

The financial services sector in the United States is experiencing an era of rapid innovation. These changes are fueled by the rapid improvements in the two technologies - data processing and telecommunications - that are at the heart of financial services. The financial services sector is also one of the most heavily regulated sectors in the U.S. Economy - despite two decades of widespread deregulation. Though technological improvements and innovations are almost always healthy and beneficial for an economy, they can place serious strains on the incumbents in a particular industry or sector on which they are focused, and they may create challenges for public policy, especially in a heavily regulated industry. This has certainly been true for financial services. Further, the heavy overlay of government regulation on the financial services sector has certainly influenced the course of financial innovation and, in turn, been influenced by it. This paper will provide an overview of these interactions between financial innovation and financial regulation. Regulation clearly can be a hindrance to innovation; sometimes it may be a spur to innovation. And actual or prospective innovation may, in turn, be an important precursor to subsequent regulation. The social welfare consequence of these complex interactions, and the implications for the development of public policy, are themselves a challenge to disentangle; but an understanding of the processes of innovation and of regulation can clarify the interactions and thus help to structure the public policy debate.
Chemical reactions involved in the deep fat frying of foods: IV. Identification of acidic volatile decomposition products of hydrogenated cottonseed oil

The acidic volatile decomposition products (VDP) produced by a hydrogenated cottonseed oil maintained at 185C with periodic frying of moist cotton balls and with periodic additon of fresh fat to replenish the fat lost due to evaporation, decomposition, and adsorption by the cotton balls were collected, fractionated and characterized. A total of 38 acidic compounds were identified. They consisted of 13 saturated acids, 11 unsaturated acids, five aldehydo acids, two hydroxy acids, two keto acids, and five dicarboxylic acids. The similarities and differences between the acidic VDP produced by a more unsaturated corn oil and a more saturated hydrogenated cottonseed oil under simulated commerical deep fat frying conditions are discussed.
Whose Troy? Whose Rome? Whose Europe? Three Medieval Londons and the London of Derek Walcott’s 'Omeros'

What does it mean that so many medievalists, especially in the United States and in Canada, study the European middle ages without being from or of Europe? What does it mean if we specify, further, those who don’t come from the United States or Canada either, but from areas of the world that experienced western European empire, as most of the globe did, as a systematic political and psychological subordination to Europe? I take the Caribbean poet Derek Walcott’s depiction of late twentieth-century London in his long narrative poem Omeros as a way to pose the question of what Europe might look like from the other side of the relationship of domination, that is, to define Walcott’s Europe. Walcott’s London repudiates Europe, and with it what he calls History, exactly the kind of history made by the European epics of Homer, Virgil, and Dante in the form of the world-destinies they constructed for Europe in the cities of Troy and Rome, and made by their would-be successor London. But he does so with difficulty: the Troy of Homer and Virgil has long sought to seduce him into rendering his own island into its terms, elegiac and nostalgic. He seeks instead a poetry of the local, the small, the unvarnished, and the present tense. In doing so, he constructs a point of view that exposes the presumption and the brutality that sits inside medieval texts offered to the reader as celebrations of London and the history it contributes to making; but his perspective also brings out of the same texts their half-conscious efforts, repressed in the name of History, to speak for the local, the small, the unvarnished, and the present, on behalf of the desire for human adequacy to self, sociality, and community without war. Roughly speaking, desire, or history, shows up in the view from Walcott’s St. Lucia in the face of the History for which Europe is a metonym. Medieval texts read from outside the European frame are liable to be different from those read from within that frame; we need medieval readings from underneath and outside the European matrix that can put Europe in question, though it may be that History, and the project of a dominating Europe, remains too seductive to renounce.
Ruminally undegraded intake protein in sheep fed low-quality forage: effect on weight, growth, cell proliferation, and morphology of visceral organs

To determine the influence of increasing levels of supplemental ruminally undegraded intake protein (UIP) on visceral organ weights, growth, cell proliferation, and morphology, 20 mature ewes of mixed breeding were fed a 6.55% CP grass hay:straw mixture (40:60) and assigned to one of four supplemental treatments. Supplements were control (no supplement) and low, medium, and high levels of UIP. After 42 to 46 d on treatment, ewes were infused i.v. with 5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine (BrdU, a thymidine analog used to provide an index of the rate of intestinal cell proliferation) and slaughtered 1 h later. Visceral organs were weighed, and subsamples were obtained to evaluate visceral DNA, RNA, and protein contents (frozen samples) as well as intestinal morphology (fixed samples). Final BW; eviscerated BW (EBW); total visceral weight; and liver fresh, dry, and dry fat-free weights were increased (P<.10) in protein-supplemented ewes compared with controls, but were not influenced by increasing levels of UIP. Tissue weights of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were not greatly influenced by treatment. There were no differences among treatments in intestinal DNA and protein concentrations and the ratios RNA:DNA and protein:DNA. Jejunal RNA concentration and content was increased (P<.10) in low compared with medium and high treatments. Jejunal RNA content also was decreased (P<.10) in high compared with the medium UIP treatment. Liver RNA and protein contents were increased (P<.10) with protein supplementation. In contrast, contents of RNA, DNA, and protein in duodenum, ileum, cecum, and colon were not influenced by treatment. In addition, neither the rate of intestinal proliferation (BrdU labeling) nor intestinal morphology (crypt depth, villus length, or villus width) were affected by treatment. These data indicate that the influence of protein supplementation on visceral growth involves primarily the liver and not the intestines. These data also indicate that visceral growth, except in jejunum, are not altered by differing levels of UIP supplementation.
Burst Pacing of an Arrhythmia

A 54-year-old man presents to pacemaker clinic for routine device follow-up. He has a history of hypertension, typical isthmus-dependent atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia. Six months ago he underwent implantation of a dual chamber Medtronic pacemaker with atrial antitachycardia pacing capabilities. On further questioning he reports an episode of palpitations that occurred last week “lasting several minutes.” The situation is investigated.
Can We Improve Information Freshness with Predictions in Mobile Crowd-Learning?

The rapid growth of mobile devices has spurred the development of crowd-learning applications, which rely on users to collect, report and share real-time information. A critical factor of crowd-learning is information freshness, which can be measured by a metric called age-of-information (AoI). Moreover, recent advances in machine learning and abundance of historical data have enabled crowd-learning service providers to make precise predictions on user arrivals, data trends and other predictable information. These developments lead to a fundamental question: Can we improve information freshness with predictions in mobile crowd-learning? In this paper, we show that the answer is affirmative. Specifically, motivated by the age-optimal Round-Robin policy, we propose the so-called “periodic equal spreading” (PES) policy. Under the PES policy, we first reveal a counter-intuitive insight that the frequency of prediction should not be too often in terms of AoI improvement. Further, we analyze the AoI performances of the proposed PES policy and derive upper bounds for the average age under i.i.d. and Markovian arrivals, respectively. In order to evaluate the AoI performance gain of the PES policy, we also derive two closed form expressions for the average age under uncontrolled i.i.d. and Markovian arrivals, which could be of independent interest. Our results in this paper serve as a first building block towards understanding the role of predictions in mobile crowd-learning.