cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification by psychotropic drugs of the cyclic AMP response to norepinephrine in the rat brain in vitro.

Tissue slices were prepared from paired areas of the rat hypothalamus and brain stem. Exposure of the brain slices for 6 min to 5×10−5 M norepinephrine (NE) consistently resulted in a 3- to 5-fold increase in the level of adenosine 3′,5′monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Prochlorperazine and 7-hydroxychlorpromazine at 10−5 M antagonized the increase of the cyclic nucleotide elicited by NE in the hypothalamus and the brain stem (p<0.01), while 8-hydroxychlorpromazine and imipramine were effective in only the hypothalamus. The remaining metabolites of chlorpromazine (CPZ), 7-methoxy-CPZ, 3,7-dihydroxy-CPZ, 7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-CPZ, 8-hydroxy-7-methoxy-CPZ, and 7,8-dihydroxypromazine failed to modify the NE-induced cyclic AMP response at 10−5 M. d-Amphetamine and p-chloroamphetamine at a concentration of 10−5 M did not affect the levels of cyclic AMP either in the precence or absence of NE. High concentrations of lithium antagonized the cyclic AMP response to NE in the hypothalamus. None of the drugs altered the basal levels of the cyclic nucleotide in vitro; p-chloroamphetamine, however, markedly reduced the basal level of cyclic AMP after the intraperitoneal injection of the drug.
Heterogeneity in the molecular basis of hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin.

In hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH), there is a uniformly high level of synthesis of fetal haemoglobin (Hb F: α2γ2) in all red cells of affected adults. Other hereditary disorders of human haemoglobin synthesis may also be associated with persistent synthesis of Hb F into adult life, but usually at a lower level and in only a selected population of red cells. Previous studies in the common type of HPFH that occurs in blacks have demonstrated the presence of a total deletion of the linked β- and δ-globin genes of the adult haemoglobins Hb A (α2β2) and Hb A2 (α2δ2)1–3, including approximately 4 kilo-bases of the DNA flanking the 5′ end of the δ gene. In contrast, δβ-thalassaemia, in which Hb F synthesis is not as elevated or uniform as in HPFH, is associated with a partial deletion of the δ gene that leaves intact the 5′-flanking DNA of the gene1–5. These results provided support for previous theories6 that regulatory sequences involved in the suppression of γ-globin gene expression might be located between the γ- and δ-globin genes, and that deletion of these sequences might be responsible for the continued expression of γ-globin genes in HPFH. To extend these observations, gene mapping studies of the non-α-globin genes have now been carried out in two additional individuals wth HPFH using restriction endonuclease digestion and gel blotting of total cellular DNA according to the method of Southern16. The results indicate that the molecular defects associated with HPFH are heterogeneous even in cases with similar phenotypes such as in the common variety of HPFH that occurs in blacks.
Visual and "Phonetic" Coding of Movement: Evidence from American Sign Language

Hearing subjects unfamiliar with American Sign Language and deaf native signers made triadic comparisons of movements of the hands and arms isolated from American Sign Language. Clustering and scaling of subjects' judgments revealed different psychological representations of movement form for deaf and hearing observers. Linguistically relevant dimensions acquired modified salience for users of a visual-gestural language. The data indicate that the modification of natural perceptual categories after language acquisition is not bound to a particular transmission modality, but rather can be a more general consequence of acquiring a formal linguistic system.
Comparative analysis of malate dehydrogenases of Drosophila melanogaster.

The malate dehydrogenases of D. melanogaster have been resolved into a cytoplasmic form (cMDH) and a mitochondrial matrix form (mMDH). Flies homozygous for allozyme variants exhibit isozymes of cMDH detected by starch gel electrophoresis and acrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. The basis of these isozymes was investigated, and the results suggest either conformational or epigenetic modification of isozymes. The probable structural gene for cMDH (Mdh-1) has been mapped genetically by allozyme variants to II-35 ± 3 and cytologically by monitoring gene dosage in segmental aneuploids to between 28D and 29F on II-L of the Drosophila salivary gland chromosome map. The structural gene for mMDH is neither identical to nor in the near chromosomal proximity of Mdh-1. Nevertheless, the two enzymes exhibit markedly similar properties with respect to (1) catalytic activity, (2) pH optima, (3) pH optimum shift in response to different ionic environments, and (4) molecular weight as determined by sucrose density gradient sedimentation.
Halogenated aromatic amino acid 3,5-dibromo-D: -tyrosine produces beneficial effects in experimental stroke and seizures.

The effects of the halogenated aromatic amino acid 3,5-dibromo-d-tyrosine (3,5-DBr-d-Tyr) were studied in rat models of stroke and epileptic seizures caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) through respective intracerebral injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). 3,5-DBr-d-Tyr was administered as three bolus injections (30 or 90 mg/kg, i.p.) starting at 30, 90, and 180 min after ET-1 administration or as a single bolus (30 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min prior to PTZ administration. Neurological deficits and infarct volume were estimated 3 days after ET-1 administration and seizure score was assessed during the first 20 min after PTZ administration. The safety of 3,5-DBr-d-Tyr was evaluated in control animals using telemetry to measure cardiovascular parameters and immunostaining to assess the level of activated caspase-3. 3,5-DBr-d-Tyr significantly improved neurological function and reduced infarct volume in the brain even when the treatment was initiated 3 h after the onset of MCAo. 3,5-DBr-d-Tyr significantly depressed PTZ-induced seizures. 3,5-DBr-d-Tyr did not cause significant changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate and spontaneous locomotor activity, nor did it increase the number of activated caspase-3 positive cells in the brain. We conclude that 3,5-DBr-d-Tyr, by alleviating the deleterious effects of MCAo and PTZ in rats with no obvious intrinsic effects on cardiovascular parameters and neurodegeneration, exhibits promising potential as a novel therapeutic direction for stroke and seizures.
Systemic wars and dyadic wars: No single theory

It is suggested that systemic and non‐systemic wars are theoretically distinct forms of international conflict behavior. Arguments are initially drawn from a comparison between mass or social revolutions and systemic wars. These domestic and international instances of widespread conflict are suggested to be comparable as are coups and non‐systemic (mostly dyadic) wars. Other analyses are drawn from the distinction between structural and mobilization wars as sub‐categories of the systemic war and the etiologies of both the social revolution and systemic war. The growth in systemic constraints over time prior to a structural systemic war is an important distinction between it and the dyadic war.
A Comparison of Several Analysis of Variance Programs

Abstract When several widely available canned computer programs are used to perform a routine analysis of variance, the results are found to be either misleading or sometimes completely wrong. However one program, BMDX64 of U.C.L.A.'s Biomed Series, proves to be accurate, unambiguous, versatile, well documented, statistically attractive, efficient, and inexpensive.
Microscopic Basis of Miedema's Empirical Theory of Transition-Metal Compound Formation

The success of Miedema's empirical theory of transition-metal compound formation has given credence to the physical picture used in its construction. Self-consistently calculated electron densities, state densities, and heats of formation reveal this picture to be inappropriate. Miedema's success is shown to result from the implicit incorporation of a dominant chemical trend, which is well described by Pettifor's $d$-bond model.
Sensitivity of dual waveguide probe complex permittivity and permeability measurement to probe lift-off error

The effect of lift-off (i.e., air-gap) error in dual waveguide probe material characterization measurements is presented here. The mitigation of this error using a two-layer dyadic Green's function analysis is also discussed. Experimental results for gap scenarios of an electromagnetic shielding material are presented for validation purposes.
Sustained costs of growth and the trajectory of recovery

Summary Large body size is associated with many fitness advantages. Despite this, most species do not grow at their physiological maximum, suggesting costs to rapid growth. There are now many empirical examples of trade-offs with growth. Despite the ubiquity of physiological delays, few studies have evaluated the duration over which growth costs occur. To address this question, we measured swimming ability in growth-manipulated Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia). Fish were manipulated to grow at their maximum for 2 weeks and then were put on restricted rations, so they grew slowly. We then compared swimming ability with fish that had always grown slowly. Fast-grown fish had significantly poorer swimming ability and continued to show a prolonged cost of this early period of rapid growth. We found that fish fully recovered normal swimming ability after ˜1 month of growing slowly. Most surprisingly, the trajectory of recovery was not monotonic; performance actually decreased before it improved. We conclude with a suggestion to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms linking growth to performance trade-offs. Our results suggest that reduced swimming performance following fast growth is unlikely to be completely explained by bioenergetic constraints. Additionally, there is need for more nuanced life-history theory that incorporates prolonged growth costs to increase accuracy of growth rate prediction.
Smoothing a topological manifold

Abstract When can a topological manifold be smoothed—i.e., when does its (maximal) topological atlas contain a smooth subatlas? In 1940, S.S. Cairns gave sufficient conditions for such a smoothing [Ann. of Math. 41 (1940) 796–808], and in 1961 J.H.C. Whitehead perfected Cairns' ideas; see [Ann. of Math. 73 (1961) 154–211, especially p. 164]. Using dynamical systems methods, I give a new proof of an improved Cairns–Whitehead Theorem. The improvement consists of a Lipschitz bound expressing a numerical criterion for smoothability.
“Click Here”: Teaching Composition through the Creation of on-Line Magazines:

In recent years, I have taught a number of writing and literature courses in which my students, as part of their final grade in the class, contributed to the creation of on-line magazines. In the process, the students transformed their various compositions into hypertext documents linked to both a main “home” page and a variety of external locations that, in turn, positioned their writing within a community (or network) of electronic texts. Using my experiences of this project as a touchstone, I examine the potential benefits and pitfalls of teaching writing through the creation of on-line magazines. Specifically, I address the ways in which the creation of on-line magazines impacts how instructors envision their curriculum, as well as the extent to which these electronic publications problematize traditional conceptions of what it means to “create,” “read,” and “analyze” a text.
Photo-crosslinked Porous PEG Hydrogel Membrane via Electrospinning

We report the fabrication and the characterization of photo-crosslinked porous hydrogel membrane via the electrospinning. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanofibers were extruded and deposited on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) macromer, and then they were photo-crosslinked. The morphologies of these photo-crosslinked membrane, especially dimension of porous holes were investigated and it was found that they could be controlled from particle-like shapes to fibrous shapes by PEG concentration. These hydrogel membranes showed high degree of porous morphologies with holes of diameters from 0.78 to 2.4 μm. Therefore, it presents good opportunities for biosensors or biofilters due to surface to volume ratio.
Bilinear estimation of pollution source profiles and amounts by using multivariate receptor models

Multivariate receptor models aim to identify the pollution sources based on multivariate air pollution data. This article is concerned with estimation of the source profiles (pollution recipes) and their contributions (amounts of pollution). The estimation procedures are based on constrained nonlinear least squares methods with the constraints given by nonnegativity and identifiability conditions of the model parameters. We investigate several identifiability conditions that are appropriate in the context of receptor models, and also present new sets of identifiability conditions, which are often reasonable in practice when the other traditional identifiability conditions fail. The resulting estimators are consistent under appropriate identifiability conditions, and standard errors for the estimators are also provided. Simulation and application to real air pollution data illustrate the results. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stages of diversification in Latin America

This article investigates the relationship between sectoral concentration and per capita income over the period 1963 to 2009 for 17 Latin American countries. Results confirm the existence of a U-shaped relationship between sectoral concentration of manufacturing value added and the level of per capita income. Import substitution industrialization policies encouraged excessive sectoral diversification early in the development process. Re-specialization in comparative advantage activities by higher per capita income countries coincided with a shift towards more market-oriented policies. The ‘Lost Decade’ of macroeconomic turmoil did not disrupt the evolving pattern of sectoral concentration.
A Novel interaction of CLN3 with nonmuscle myosin-IIB and defects in cell motility of Cln3−/− cells

Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a pediatric lysosomal storage disorder characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent storage material and neurodegeneration, which result from mutations in CLN3. The function of CLN3, a lysosomal membrane protein, is currently unknown. We report that CLN3 interacts with cytoskeleton-associated nonmuscle myosin-IIB. Both CLN3 and myosin-IIB are ubiquitously expressed, yet mutations in either produce dramatic consequences in the CNS such as neurodegeneration in JNCL patients and Cln3(-/-) mouse models, or developmental deficiencies in Myh10(-/-) mice, respectively. A scratch assay revealed a migration defect associated with Cln3(-/-) cells. Inhibition of nonmuscle myosin-II with blebbistatin in WT cells resulted in a phenotype that mimics the Cln3(-/-) migration defect. Moreover, inhibiting lysosome function by treating cells with chloroquine exacerbated the migration defect in Cln3(-/-). Cln3(-/-) cells traversing a transwell filter under gradient trophic factor conditions displayed altered migration, further linking lysosomal function and cell migration. The myosin-IIB distribution in Cln3(-/-) cells is elongated, indicating a cytoskeleton defect caused by the loss of CLN3. In summary, cells lacking CLN3 have defects that suggest altered myosin-IIB activity, supporting a functional and physical interaction between CLN3 and myosin-IIB. We propose that the migration defect in Cln3(-/-) results, in part, from the loss of the CLN3-myosin-IIB interaction.
Theory of superconductivity. II. Excited Cooper pairs. Why does sodium remain normal down to 0 K

Based on a generalized BCS Hamiltonian in which the interaction strengths (V11,V22,V12) among and between “electron” (1) and “hole” (2) Cooper pairs are differentiated, the thermodynamic properties of a type-I superconductor below the critical temperatureTc are investigated. An expression for the ground-state energy,W-W0, relative to the unperturbed Bloch system is obtained:W-W0=−1/4[N1(0)Δ 1 2 +N2(0)Δ 2 2 ], whereNj(0) represent the electron and hole densities of states at the Fermi energy eF, and Δj are the solutions of the simultaneous equations,\(\Delta _j = \tfrac{1}{2}V_{j1} N_1 (0)\Delta _1 {\text{ sinh}}^{ - {\text{1}}} (\hbar \omega _D /\Delta _1 ) + \tfrac{1}{2}V_{j2} N_2 (0)\Delta 2_2 {\text{ sinh}}^{ - {\text{1}}} (\hbar \omega _D /\Delta _2 )\) with ωD denoting the Debye frequency. The usual BCS formulas are obtained in the limits: (all)Vjl=V0,N1(0) =N2(0). Any excitations generated through the BCS interaction Hamiltonian containingVjl must involve Cooper pairs of antiparallel spins and nearly opposite momenta. The nonzero momentum orexcited Cooper pairs belowTc are shown to have an excitation energy band minimum lower than the quasi-electrons, which were regarded as the elementary excitations in the original BCS theory. The energy gapeg(T) defined relative to excited and zero-momentum Cooper pairs (whenVjl>0) decreases fromeg(0) to 0 as the temperatureT is raised from 0 toTc. If “electrons” only are available as in a monovalent metal like sodium (V12=0), the energy constant Δ1 is finite but the energy gap vanishes identically for allT. In agreement with the BCS theory, the present theory predicts that a pure nonmagnetic metal in any dimensions should have a Cooper-pair ground state whose energy is lower than that of the Bloch ground state. Additionally it predicts that a monovalent metal should remain normal down to 0K, and that there should be no strictly one-dimensional superconductor.
Spatial and energy distribution of muons in γ -induced air showers

The FLUKA Monte Carlo program is used to calculate the effects of hadroproduction by primary gamma rays incident upon the Earth's atmosphere; for the results presented in this paper, only primary angles at $0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ from zenith are considered. The FLUKA code is believed to be quite accurate in reproducing experimental photon hadroproduction data in the 1 GeV to 10 TeV energy range studied. The charged pions which are so produced can decay to muons with sufficient energy to reach ground level. The number of these muons and their radial and energy distribution are studied for incident gamma ray energies from 1 GeV to 10 TeV. The number of these muons is not negligible; they can, in certain circumstances, be used to study potential sources of gamma rays such as gamma ray bursts. It is found, for example, that a 10 TeV incident primary gamma ray produces, on average, 3.4 muons which reach ground level; the gamma ray energy which produces the maximum number of muons at ground level depends on the spectral index of the primary gamma spectrum, a constant which describes how the primary gamma flux rises with decreasing primary energy. For example, for a differential spectral index of 2.7, there is a broad maximum number of muons coming from $\ensuremath{\approx}30$ GeV primary gamma ray energy.
Topological direction-giving and visual navigation in large environments

Abstract In this paper, we propose and investigate a new model for robot navigation in large unstructured environments. Current models, which depend on metric information, have to deal with inherent mechanical and sensory errors. Instead we supply the navigator with qualitative information. Our model consists of two parts, a map-maker and a navigator. Given a source and a goal, the mapmaker derives a navigational path based on the topological relationships between landmarks. A navigational path is generated as a combination of “parkway” and “trajectory” paths, both of which are abstractions of the real world into topological data structures. Traversing within a parkway enables the navigator to follow landmarks that are continuously visible. Traversing on a trajectory enables the navigator to move reliably into featureless space, based on local headings formed by visible landmarks that are robust to positional and orientational errors. Reliability measures of parkway and trajectory traversals are defined by appropriate error models that account for the sensory errors of the navigator, the population of neighboring objects, and the rotational and translational errors of the navigator. The optimal path is further abstracted into a “custom map”, which consists of a list of symbolic directional instructions, the vocabulary of which is defined by our environmental description language. Based on the custom map generated by the map-maker, the navigating robot looks for events that are characterized by spatial properties of the environment. The map-maker and the navigator are implemented using two cameras, an IBM 7575 robot arm, and a PIPE (Pipelined Image Processing Engine.)
Unzipping force analysis of protein association (UFAPA): a novel technique to probe protein-DNA interactions

We present Unzipping Force Analysis of Protein Association (UFAPA) as a novel and versatile method for detection of the position and dynamic nature of protein-DNA interactions. A single DNA double helix was unzipped in the presence of DNA-binding proteins using a feedback-enhanced optical trap. When the unzipping fork in a DNA reached a bound protein molecule, we observed a dramatic increase in the tension in the DNA, followed by a sudden tension reduction. Analysis of the unzipping force throughout an unbinding "event" revealed information about the spatial location and dynamic nature of the protein-DNA complex.
Green Bank Telescope and the Millimeter Array

The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is engaged in two major new telescope projects. Each requires technological advances to meet the scientific requirements. The Green Bank Telescope is a fully steerable 100 m diameter filled aperture telescope for operation over the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz. The Millimeter Array is a forty element interferometer of 8 m diameter antennas, with a goal of using 10 m or even 12 m antennas, for operation over the frequency range 30 - 850 GHz. The technical features being used to achieve the performance specifications are presented together with examples of the science that calls for these specifications. The current status of each project is also discussed.
Ser1928 is a common site for Cav1.2 phosphorylation by protein kinase C isoforms.

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2, L-type Ca2+ channel) function is highly regulated by hormones and neurotransmitters in large part through the activation of kinases and phosphatases. Regulation of Cav1.2 by protein kinase C (PKC) is of significant physiologic importance, mediating, in part, the cardiac response to hormonal regulation. Although PKC has been reported to mediate activation and/or inhibition of Cav1.2 function, the molecular mechanisms mediating the response have not been definitively elucidated. We show that PKC forms a macromolecular complex with the α1c subunit of Cav1.2 through direct interaction with the C terminus. This interaction leads to phosphorylation of the channel in response to activators of PKC. We identify Ser1928 as the residue that is phosphorylated by PKC in vitro and in vivo. Ser1928 has been identified previously as the site mediating, in part, the protein kinase A up-regulation of channel activity. Thus, the protein kinase A and PKC signaling pathways converge on the Cav1.2 complex at Ser1928 to increase channel activity. Our results identify two mechanisms leading to regulation of Cav1.2 activity by PKC: pre-association of the channel with PKC isoforms and phosphorylation of specific sites within the α1c subunit.
Total Ionizing Dose Response of Triple-Well FET-Based Wideband, High-Isolation RF Switches in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

The effects of 63 MeV proton irradiation on the RF performance (insertion loss, isolation, and linearity) of triple-well nFET-based RF switches designed in a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology are investigated. The switches were designed for wide-band operation (1 to 40 GHz) and were required by the application to achieve high isolation (> 35 dB at 40 GHz) with moderate insertion loss (dB at 40 GHz). The RF switch IL improves (S21 increases) at 100 and 500 krad(SiO2), but degrades (S21 decreases) at 2 Mrad(SiO2). P1dB and IIP3 (switch linearity) shows a similar TID response, at 100 and 500 krad(SiO2) dose an increase of ~ 0.4 dBm and ~0.2 dBm, respectively. However, at 2 Mrad(SiO2) both sharply decrease. Standalone RF and dc structures were also irradiated to better understand the underlying mechanisms affecting the switch RF performance. The bias dependence of the radiation-induced change on the measured RF performance of a SPST switch is also analyzed. 10 keV X-ray radiation experiments were conducted on separate dc transistor structures to provide additional insight into the measured impact of total ionization dose on the performance of RF switches.
An approach to the failed cricoid split operation

Abstract The cricoid split operation is a well established treatment for subglottic stenosis; the success rate for this procedure is approximately 77%. The management of patients who fail this operation has traditionally involved tracheostomy followed by delayed laryngotracheoplasty. We have treated 22 patients using the cricoid split — 6 required subsequent tracheostomy. Two-thirds of the patients with a tracheostomy have been unable to be decannulated, even after laryngotracheoplasty. In contrast, 3 patients had repeat cricoid split operations instead of tracheostomy. All 3 of these children have had no further problems with their airway. The authors propose that in patients who fail the cricoid split operation one consider repeating the procedure instead of performing a tracheostomy.
Spectrum-Sensing Opportunistic Wireless Relay Networks: Outage and Diversity Performance

We consider a spectrum-sensing opportunistic wireless relay network which is defined by a source node, a destination node, and a group of network clusters each of which consists of a number of cognitive (unlicensed) relay nodes and a primary (licensed) node. In this network, the cognitive nodes can help the source node via a number of possible relaying techniques in an opportunistic fashion, i.e., by acquiring unused spectrum nominally assigned to a primary node. We aim to understand the performance of this system by investigating the impact of spectrum acquisition on the diversity order provided by the cognitive relay nodes. We consider three relay transmission schemes, namely, regenerative decode-and-forward, non-regenerative decode-and- forward and amplify-and-forward under fairly general channel conditions. We find that, regardless of the relay transmission scheme used, the imperfections that may arise during acquisition of the spectrum by the cognitive nodes can cause a significant reduction in diversity order. The good news is that this penalty can be compensated for if a sufficient number of potential relay nodes within a cluster cooperatively sense the spectrum and help the designated cognitive relay node.
Dynamical signature of the Mott-Hubbard transition in Ni(S,Se)2

The transition metal chalcogenide Ni(S,Se)2 is one of the few highly correlated, Mott-Hubbard systems without a strong first-order structural distortion that normally cuts off the critical behavior at the metal-insulator transition. The zero-temperature (T) transition was tuned with pressure, and significant deviations were found near the quantum critical point from the usual T1/2 behavior of the conductivity characteristic of electron-electron interactions in the presence of disorder. The transport data for pressure and temperature below 1 kelvin could be collapsed onto a universal scaling curve.
Comparison of Intrapulmonary Percussive Ventilation and Chest Physiotherapy: A Pilot Study in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

Study objective To compare the intrapulmonary percussive ventilator (IPV) to chest physiotherapy (PP median, 12.4 years) with moderate to excellent Shwachman scores. Interventions Three treatment regimens: (1) 2.5 mg albuterol delivered via IPV (internal percussive component activated ); (2) 2.5 mg albuterol delivered via IPV (internal percussive component inactivated ), followed by PP and (3) 2.5 mg albuterol delivered via updraft nebulizer, followed by P&PD. Measurements and results Outcome measures included pulmonary function testing (PFTs) and quantitative and qualitative sputum analysis. Among the three treatment groups, there were no significant differences in the change in predicted PFTs 1 h or 4 h after treatment, nor in the volume of sputum expectorated in the first 4 or in the subsequent 20 h. Among patients receiving IPV, more serious disease was associated with greater improvement in FEF25-75 1 h after treatment, but these differences disappeared by 4 h. There were no meaningful differences in viscoelastic characteristics of sputum expectorated after each treatments. Participants reported general satisfaction with no adverse effects while using IPV. Conclusions This initial pilot study suggests (1) stable patients with CF tolerated one treatment of IPV without adverse sequelae, and (2) IPV was as effective as standard aerosol and P&PD in improving short-term PFT results and enhancing sputum expectoration.
Adrenergic and cholinergic drug effects of rabbit eyes after sympathetic denervation

Abstract The effects of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on pupillary diameter and intraocular pressure of conscious rabbits were studied one week after surgical removal of the left superior cervical ganglion. In a first series of experiments, changes in pupil size were measured after topical application of each drug at progressively increasing doses to left eyes of control and experimental animals. After administration of either epinephrine, norepinephrine, or isoproterenol in this manner, denervated eyes showed an enhanced responsiveness, or supersensitivity, to the mydriatric actions of these durgs. After administration of either pilocarpine or carbachol, on the other hand, marked subsensitivity to the miotic effects of these cholinomimetics became evident. In a second series of experiments, changes in ocular tension were measured after drug application to both eyes of control and experimental animals. Doses of sympathomimetics exerting no significant effects on intraocular pressure in the control rabbits, i.e., 0.1% epinephrine, 1% norepinephrine, and 1% isoproterenol, caused a significant lowering of ocular tension in the denervated eyes. While doses of carbachol or echothiophate amounting to 3.2% and 0.25%, respectively, had no significant effect on ocular tension in eyes of control animals, these same doses increased intraocular pressure in the denervated eyes by 4–8 mm Hg. These results indicate that changes in responsiveness of the rabbit eye to cholinergic drugs accompany the development of supersensitivity to adrenergic amined after sympathetic denervation.
Are attachment disorders best seen as social impairment syndromes

(2003). Are attachment disorders best seen as social impairment syndromes? Attachment & Human Development: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 259-264.
Moderately concentrated solutions of polystyrene: 4. Elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering at the Flory theta temperature

Abstract Elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering data are given for moderately concentrated solutions of a polystyrene ( M w = 8.6 × 10 5 ) in cyclohexane at the Flory theta temperature. The concentrations studied gave [ η ] c from 0.6 to 8.3, with [ η ] = 76 cm 3 g −1 . A maximum in the scattered intensity versus scattering angle is discussed in terms of a net repulsion among chain centres obtaining at the Flory theta temperature. A double-exponential decay observed in the quasi-elastic light scattering behaviour is discussed in terms of a model involving relaxation effects giving rise to a q -independent exponential component, and one that depends on q 2 . As predicted by the model, these effects are more pronounced at the Flory theta temperature than in good solvents.
Serous borderline tumors of the ovary with noninvasive peritoneal implants

BACKGROUND. The authors conducted this study to update their experience with patients who have ovarian serous borderline tumors with noninvasive peritoneal implants, with the objectives of gaining additional insight into the biologic behavior of these tumors and understanding better the effects of postoperative treatment. METHODS. Seventy-three patients who had ovarian serous borderline tumors with noninvasive peritoneal implants were identified in a retrospective review. Major end points selected for analysis were surgicopathologic response, time to relapse, type of relapse, progression free survival, and overall survival. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were also performed. RESULTS. The median follow-up time was 10.3 years. Of 20 patients with macroscopic residual disease at completion of initial surgery who subsequently underwent second-look surgery, 3 (15%) had a response to chemotherapy. Twenty-two of 73 patients (30%) either developed progressive disease or had a relapse. The median time from the date of diagnosis to relapse was 7.1 years. Tissue was available from 20 of the 22 patients who had a relapse; 14 (70%) had invasive low grade serous carcinomas, and 6 (30%) had recurrent borderline tumors. Age was the only factor studied that had a significant influence on survival (P 5 0.03). In both univariate and multivariate proportional hazards models, age and residual disease were found to be of borderline significance in predicting cancer specific survival. CONCLUSIONS. Approximately 30% of patients who have ovarian serous borderline tumors with noninvasive peritoneal implants will develop progressive or recurrent tumors, most commonly serous carcinomas. The presence of macroscopic residual disease appears to be a predictor of disease free survival. In this study, however, the authors were unable to elucidate the role of postoperative therapy or determine criteria for selecting patients for such therapy. Cancer 1998;83:2157‐ 63. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Effect of heated fat upon metabolism of 1-14C-acetate in the rat

Groups of rats were prefed for 18 weeks with fresh or heated corn oil (≈5% nonurea adduct) at 10, 20 and 30% protein levels and at 10% protein+2% cellulose; 1-14C-sodium acetate was injected intraperitonially into each animal and the radioactivity was measured in expelled CO2 and also in the lipid fractions of liver. In the groups of rats fed 10% protein, one-half of the administered radioactivity was found 50 min after acetate injection into rats fed fresh oil, whereas 90 min were required to reach the same level in rats fed heated oil. The same trend was found in all the groups of rats receiving different protein levels. The conversion of acetate to CO2 was significantly higher at a 10% dietary protein level than at the 20 or 30%, but there appeared to be no significant difference in the conversions at the 20 and 30% protein levels. However addition of 2% cellulose to the 10% dietary protein level significantly increased the conversion of the acetate to CO2 in rats fed heated oil. The livers of animals receiving heated fat diets had a higher lipid content, mainly triglyceride. When the liver lipids from rats fed fresh corn oil were separated by argentation thin layer chromatography, the bulk of the radioactivity was found in the saturated fractions. Monoene, diene and triene fractions from the liver lipid of rats fed heated oil had almost twice the radioactivity of those from fresh oil, suggesting the preferential utilization of acetate in the synthesis of these unsaturated fatty acids.
Exchange contribution to the D-parameters of Fe3+ and Cr3+ in europium gallium garnet

Abstract The magnitudes of the D-parameter of Fe3+ and Cr3+ in EuGaG are significantly different from those in the other diamagnetic and weakly paramagnetic rare earth garnets. It is shown that this experimental result can be explained by the orbitally dependent exchange interaction between the Fe3+ or Cr3+ ion and the Eu3+ ion, which contributes mainly to the D shift.
Additional Observations on Gametogenesis and Fertilization in Trichonympha

SUMMARY. Some of the unusual types of sexual behavior in Trichonympha are considered: cytoplasmic incompatibility of gametes as shown in the fertilization process, pronuclear incompatibility, independence of pronuclear and cytoplasmic incompatibilities, loss of extranuclear organelles of male gamete, the formation of gametes with no chromosomes, those with the diploid number, and those with numbers between these extremes.
The Blaschke-Steinhardt point of a planar convex set

There is a broad class of geometric optimization problems in Rn associated with minimizing “mixed volumes” of polar bodies. In this note, we compute the point (of duality) of a planar convex figure that minimizes the length (perimeter) of its polar set. This point was first described by W. Blaschke and then later investigated by F. Steinhardt, W. Firey, E. Lutwak, and others. The algorithm is illustrated for a few examples.
Antibiosis to Corn Earworm [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] by Vegetable Soybean Cultivars

Six cultivars of vegetable sovbean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were evaluated in the laboratory for relative levels of antibiosis to corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]). The cultivars evaluated were Fuji, Kim, Oakland, Peking, Sanga, and Toano. One plant introduction (PI 229.358) having known resistance to corn earworm and Essex, a commercial cultivar, were used as check plants. The biological data for antibiosis in a series of tests included larval weights. The results showed that cultivars Sanga, Peking, and Oakland were comparatively more susceptible while cultivars Fuji, Kim, and Toano exhibited a moderate level of leaf feeding resistance to corn earworm. The cultivars with moderate resistance can be useful in reducing corn earworm damage and cost of chemical control in vegetable soybean insect pest management systems.
Constructing and testing a disability index in a US sample of preschoolers with disabilities.

Purpose. To develop and test an index of disability severity in a heterogeneous population of preschoolers with disabilities.Method. Using a nationally representative sample of 3104 children receiving special education services in the US, questions from a parent interview were used to develop an index of disability severity consisting of domains of functioning defined by gradients of severity. Regressions were used to examine the association between 15 functional domains and 8 cognitive, social/behavioural, and functional outcomes. Full and abbreviated versions of this disability index were compared. Correlations with proxy measures of disability in this population were used to establish concurrent validity, and the predictive ability of this measure was compared with that of the federally defined disability categories.Results. Of the 15 domains examined, most were significant predictors of at least two outcomes. A shortened index of only six variables was found to be as effective as the longer version in...
Generating scientific models of knowledge using arcs.

BACKGROUND Systematic approaches are needed to review literature on nutrition in heart failure for its scientific merit, relevance, and usefulness and identify directions for future research. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of arcs (J.R.G., Indianapolis, Indiana), a computer program for managing data from literature and modeling knowledge, the objectives were to conduct an integrative review of 10 studies of nutrition in heart failure and generate scientific models of knowledge using arcs. METHODS A unit of knowledge in arcs is 2 variables linked by a statistical relationship. The computer program arcs categorized variables and relationships found in the 10 explanatory observational studies. It also provided a scientific model for further empirical testing. RESULTS The computer program arcs aggregated the following: 104 dependent and 93 independent operational variables and 60 associational, 16 predictive, 15 structural, 1 descriptive, and 85 difference relationships. A direct model produced by arcs postulated a structural relationship between cachexia and 18-month mortality, independent of age or New York Heart Association classification, which can be tested as a path theoretical model. CONCLUSION The computer program arcs appeared to be feasible for conducting an integrative review of nutrition in heart failure. A larger, representative set of literature will enable generation of knowledge and identification of gaps and inconsistencies in findings.
Outer billiard around a curvilinear triangle with a fixed diameter

We consider an outer billiard around a Reulaux triangle. We prove the existence of infinitely many periodic points accumulating at infinity. To do so we con- struct a return map from a strip into itself and we study its properties. We also show some numerical simulations which, in particular, display heteroclinic intersections and Smale's horseshoes.
Complexity in Chemistry

"Complexity" is a subject that is beginning to be important in chemistry. Historically, chemistry has emphasized the approximation of complex nonlinear processes by simpler Linear ones. Complexity is becoming a profitable approach to a wide range of problems, especially the understanding of Life.
Sinigrin and sinalbin quantification in mustard seed using high performance liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract Mustard crops such as Brassica juncea L. and Sinapis alba L. contain high concentrations of glucosinolates, that hydrolyze to form biologically active compounds that can impart flavors to foods, function as anticarcinogens in human nutrition, or can be used as broad spectrum antimicrobials to extend the shelf life of various food products. Most of the currently used methods for glucosinolate analysis in mustard prior to its utilization are time consuming and involve complicated sample preparation. We have developed and optimized a new method for glucosinolate quantification in mustard seed (B. juncea and S. alba) using HPLC with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) and compared it to two existing methods (HPLC–ultraviolet (UV) and ion chromatography (IC)). We also demonstrated the possibility of sinalbin quantification using sinigrin calibration standards. The proposed HPLC–TOF-MS method is more sensitive than HPLC–UV and IC methods. Effects of the mustard seed matrix were negligible and virtually no sample preparation of the mustard seed extract was needed prior to analysis. For the developed HPLC–TOF–MS method, the overall analysis time including sample preparation was less than 1.5 h. The proposed HPLC–TOF-MS method is suitable for fast and simple real-time quantification of two major glucosinolates, sinalbin and sinigrin, in mustard seed.
Numerical modeling of rotor flows with a conservative form of the full-potential equations

A computer program has been developed to solve a three-dimensional conservative formulation of the full-potential equation. Its ability to solve transonic, unsteady rotor flows is demonstrated by comparison to forward flight non-lifting pressure data at low to moderate advance ratios. A 'split potential' formulation has been added to the code which incorporates known vorticity fields into the full-potential calculation. Using this methodology, rotor wake contributions have been incorporated into the computer code. Pressure results are presented for lifting rotors in hover. These results are compared to experimental data as well as to other predictions.
Clinical benefits and recovery of delayed-type hypersensitivity in patients with AIDS-related complex treated with IMREG-1 or placebo.

Abstract IMREG-1, an immunomodulatory biological therapeutic, was studied in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, six-month trial in 45 anergic patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC) and 4 with Kaposi's sarcoma, which was followed by compassionate IMREG-1 administration to all subjects. The IMREG-1 group had significantly less AIDS-defining events compared with the placebo group during the randomized trial (6.9 events per 100 person-years vs 43.7 events per 100 person-years, P = 0.018, relative risk 6.33) and the total observation period. Patients receiving IMREG-1 significantly improved their work performance. Nine (41%) of 22 patients in the IMREG-1 group, compared with one (14%) of seven in the placebo group, recovered cutaneous reactivity to tetanus toxoid. At the end of the six-month trial, CD4+ counts were 0.429 × 10 9 1 in the IMREG-1 group and 0.304 × 10 9 1 in the placebo group ( P = 0.04). IMREG-1 is a promising therapeutic for HIV-infected patients with symptoms of ARC.
X-Ray Study of Lattice Vibrations in Aluminum

The diffuse scattering of monochromatic x-rays by a single crystal of aluminum at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K has been measured along seven lines in reciprocal space. Analysis of these data in terms of the Laval-James theory has yielded dispersion curves for elastic waves propagating along the three primary symmetry axes. By interpreting these dispersion curves in terms of the Born theory of lattice vibrations, values have been obtained for the nine force constants necessary to describe the general first-, second-, and third-neighbor interactions. These force constants have served as criteria in rejecting the simpler models of atomic interactions generally employed.The secular equation containing these nine force constants has been solved for the eigenfrequencies of 2791 wave vectors by machine computation. These solutions served to establish an approximate frequency spectrum of the normal modes, in which the singularities caused by the critical points are explicitly included. From this spectrum the specific heat is calculated. A comparison with measured specific heats shows the need for the inclusion of anharmonic terms in the theoretical approach.
Quantification of odors and odorants from swine operations in North Carolina

Abstract A total of 331 different VOCs and fixed gases from swine facilities in North Carolina were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Of these, 203 were found in air samples adsorbed onto Tenax ® , 112 were found in air samples adsorbed onto cotton material, and 167 different compounds were identified in the lagoon samples. The compounds identified were diverse, and included many acids, alcohols, aldehydes, amides, amines, aromatics, esters, ethers, fixed gases, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitriles, other nitrogen-containing compounds, phenols, sulfur-containing compounds, steroids, and other compounds. The vast majority of these compounds were present at concentrations below published odor and irritation thresholds. Yet human assessments indicated that odors (and irritant sensations) in the immediate vicinity of the swine houses (and even at distances beyond 1000 ft) were strong. Comparison of the findings from chemical and human assessments points to the importance of the cumulative effects of hundreds of compounds in producing odor and irritation downwind of swine operations. Many GC peaks from the samples were too small to allow identification of the compounds, but their presence may also contribute significantly to the odor and irritation. Several methodological difficulties were associated with the human odor assessments. Odorous air evaluated in the field was simultaneously collected in Tedlar ® bags for evaluation in the laboratory; however, intensity ratings in the field were higher than those in the laboratory. This is due to the fact that organic dust (dried fecal material and feed) adheres to Tedlar ® bags and the tubing of collection/delivery systems; therefore, only VOCs from the vapor phase (but not the dust) reach the nose of the panelists in sniffing air samples obtained in Tedlar ® bags. Future collection and measurement techniques need to be developed that can evaluate odors from dust and vapor phases simultaneously in the laboratory. Dispersion models also need to be developed that account accurately for odor intensities downwind of animal operations. Finally, safety standards for odor exposures need to be determined that consider the risk of simultaneous exposure to hundreds of low level compounds.