cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE GLUCAGON INFUSION TEST (GIT): GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN SHORT STATURE AND IN ABNORMAL ANTERIOR PITUITARY FUNCTION

Prior studies have shown that IM, SC, and IV bolus glucagon (GL) consistently and significantly increased serum immunoreactive growth hormone (IRGH) in normal children, but less so in patients with pituitary disorders. To evaluate alterations in peaks and times of responses, GL was administered as 30 min infusion. Twenty-three children with genetic short stature, ages 3-15 yrs., 4 patients with acromegaly, and 2 hypopituitary children had GIT (0.03 mg/kg-max. 1 mg) and sera obtained for 180 mins. for blood sugar (BS), insulin (IRI), and IRGH determinations by RIA. Twelve other short statured children received IM GL. IVGIT produced significant BS,IRI,and IRGH increments in all, excepting those with hypopituitarism and acromegaly. BS rose from 86±2 mg/100 ml(M±SE),to 150±7 mg/100 ml(p<0.001) at 38±4 mins. IRI rose from 11±2 to 102±11 μU/ml at 32±1 mins. (p<0.001). Baseline IRGH was 3.1±0.9 ng/ml, peak value was 14.9 ± 1.7 ng/ml(p<0.001), at 115±10 mins. IM tests showed BS responses from 72±4 mg/100 ml to 145±7 mg/100 ml(p<0.001), IRI from 9±1 to 28±7 μU/ml at 30 mins.(p<0.001), and IRGH from 1.4±0.2 ng/ml to 7.4 ±1.1 ng/ml at 72±9 mins.(p<0.001). Hypopituitary patients had no IRGH response; acromegalic subjects had persistently elevated IRGH. GIT is as effective as SC,IM, or IV tests, producing similar magnitudes and times of GH response.
Accelerating HIV vaccine development.

Translational-research programmes supported by flexible, long-term, large-scale grants are needed to turn advances in basic science into successful vaccines to halt the AIDS epidemic, says Wayne C. Koff.
The Development and Administration of Automated Systems in Academic Libraries

The first partof this paper considers three general approaches to the development of an automation system in a large research library. The library may decide simply to wait for developments; it may attempt to develop a total or integrated system from the start; or it may adopt an evolutionary approach leading to an integrated system. Oustside consultants, it is suggested, will become increasingly important. The second part of the paper deals with important elements in any program regardless of the approach. These include the building of a capability to do automation work, staffing, equipment, organizational structure, selection of projects, and costs.
Semiclassical theory of quantum propagation: The Coulomb potential.

A semiclassical method is discussed for propagating wave packets that incorporates nonlinear classical dynamical information through the use of multiple reference trajectories. We apply the theory to obtain an analytic approximation for the autocorrelation function in the Coulomb potential which is extremely accurate in many circumstances in spite of the Coulomb singularity. All the detailed quantum behavior is reproduced including the long time revivals and the spectrum. The evolving phase space structure of the classical analog reveals how well a particular case will be approximated
Endosomal Localization of the Serum Resistance-Associated Protein in African Trypanosomes Confers Human Infectivity

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is the causative agent of human African sleeping sickness. While the closely related subspecies T. brucei brucei is highly susceptible to lysis by a subclass of human high-density lipoproteins (HDL) called trypanosome lytic factor (TLF), T. brucei rhodesiense is resistant and therefore able to establish acute and fatal infections in humans. This resistance is due to expression of the serum resistance-associated (SRA) gene, a member of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene family. Although much has been done to establish the role of SRA in human serum resistance, the specific molecular mechanism of SRA-mediated resistance remains a mystery. Thus, we report the trafficking and steady-state localization of SRA in order to provide more insight into the mechanism of SRA-mediated resistance. We show that SRA traffics to the flagellar pocket of bloodstream-form T. brucei organisms, where it localizes transiently before being endocytosed to its steady-state localization in endosomes, and we demonstrate that the critical point of colocalization between SRA and TLF occurs intracellularly.
Traveling waves in the Northern Hemisphere of Mars

[1] Analysis of temperature retrievals from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer data has revealed the presence of regular, eastward propagating waves in the Northern Hemisphere. A large amplitude, zonal wave 1 with a long (∼20 sol) period is particularly prominent during early winter (Ls = 220–270°). After Ls = 270°, a weaker and more rapidly propagating (6.5 sol period) zonal wave 1 is dominant. These waves have a deep vertical structure (>40 km) correlated with the axis of the winter hemisphere westerly jet. Simulations with a Mars general circulation model suggest that the fast wave is associated with baroclinic instability due to the strong meridional temperature gradient at the surface and is consistent with surface pressure oscillations seen in Viking Lander data. By contrast, the slow wave has the appearance of a large-amplitude Rossby wave that is coupled with an inertially unstable region in the subtropics.
Ammonia synthesis enhanced by magnesium chloride absorption

Conversion to ammonia with Haber–Bosch catalysts can be increased above 95% by selective absorption of ammonia by MgCl2. The maximum conversion depends on reaction and absorption equilibria. At very short times, the measured conversion rate is the same with and without absorption by the MgCl2 salt; the overall rate constants are comparable to those in the literature. At larger times, conversion to ammonia can be over seven times greater with MgCl2 than without. However, the overall rate constants can be over 10 times slower because they are controlled by ammonia diffusion in the solid salt. An approximate, pseudosteady state theory consistent with these results provides a strategy for improving the overall rate while keeping the conversion over 90%. For example, the absorption rates might be increased using smaller particles of absorbent on a porous inert absorbent support. The results provide part of the basis for designing small scale ammonia plants. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1364–1371, 2015
The Human Right(s) to Water and Sanitation: History, Meaning and the Controversy Over Privatization

The recognition by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly and the UN Human Rights Council in 2010 of a human right to safe drinking water and sanitation has propelled awareness of the global water and sanitation crisis to new heights, while also raising a host of challenging issues. The framing of water and sanitation as a human right can be understood as a response to global water service trends that have increasingly emphasized economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and privatization. The history of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) sheds light on some of the controversies around the scope and meaning of the human right to water and sanitation, including the politics of privatization. Although international human rights law has historically been neutral with respect to economic models of service provision, human rights principles are relevant as to how to engage the private sector in the provision of basic services. Three key themes that highlight the tensions between human rights and private sector involvement in the water and sanitation sectors are explored: financial sustainability, efficiency, and dispute resolution. Human rights principles are guideposts for regulation, monitoring, and oversight, which are critical elements when the private sector is involved in the delivery of water and sanitation services.
Positive selection and lineage commitment during peripheral B-lymphocyte development

Although it is appreciated that the antigen receptor on B cells is required for peripheral B-lymphocyte development and survival, it has been unclear whether this receptor interacts with self-antigens during development or if it signals constitutively in an antigen-independent fashion. The analysis of mutant mice in which antigen receptor signaling in B cells is either attenuated or enhanced has revealed the existence of a follicular versus marginal zone B-lymphocyte cell-fate decision. These analyses indicate that weak antigen receptor-derived signals favor marginal zone B-cell generation, and relatively strong signals favor the development of mature follicular B cells. Even stronger signals derived from the antigen receptor favor the generation of B1 B cells. This signal strength model for B-cell development supports the notion that self-antigens of varying affinity may mediate positive selection and lineage commitment. Direct evidence supporting such a view has been obtained from the analysis of antigen receptor knockin mice. Specific antigen receptors guide B cells to develop into specific lineages. Although Notch-2, nuclear factor-kappaBp50, and other genes are essential for marginal zone B-cell development, instructive signals delivered by the antigen receptor represent the primary force driving positive selection and lineage commitment in B lymphocytes.
Effects of grassland restoration efforts on mound-building ants in the Chihuahuan Desert

Abstract Shrub encroachment is a serious problem in arid environments worldwide because of potential reductions in ecosystem services and negative effects on biodiversity. In southwestern USA, Chihuahuan Desert grasslands have experienced long-term encroachment by shrubs including creosotebush ( Larrea tridentata ). Land managers have attempted an ambitious intervention to control shrubs by spraying herbicides over extensive areas to provide grassland habitat for wildlife species of conservation concern. To provide a broader assessment of how these restoration practices affect biodiversity, we evaluated responses by four mound-building ant species ( Pogonomyrmex rugosus , Aphaenogaster cockerelli , Myrmecocystus depilis , and Myrmecocystus mexicanus ). We compared colony densities between 14 pairs of treated areas (herbicide applied 10–30 years before sampling) and untreated areas (spatially matched and dominated by creosotebush). P. rugosus and A . cockerelli responded positively to restoration treatments likely due to an increased abundance of seeds associated with increased grass cover. Variation in P . rugosus densities among different-aged treatments suggests a substantial time lag in response that could reflect temporal changes in habitat quality or facilitation by a keystone rodent, Dipodomys spectabilis . Colony densities of the scavenging ant M . mexicanus were reduced on treated areas, and M. depilis exhibited a similar trend, likely reflecting a reduction of liquid food resources associated with shrubs. Our results demonstrate that ongoing efforts to restore Chihuahuan Desert grasslands are having both positive and negative effects on non-target taxa such as ants and support the need for a landscape mosaic approach to restoration.
Shady paths: leveraging surfing crowds to detect malicious web pages

The web is one of the most popular vectors to spread malware. Attackers lure victims to visit compromised web pages or entice them to click on malicious links. These victims are redirected to sites that exploit their browsers or trick them into installing malicious software using social engineering.In this paper, we tackle the problem of detecting malicious web pages from a novel angle. Instead of looking at particular features of a (malicious) web page, we analyze how a large and diverse set of web browsers reach these pages. That is, we use the browsers of a collection of web users to record their interactions with websites, as well as the redirections they go through to reach their final destinations. We then aggregate the different redirection chains that lead to a specific web page and analyze the characteristics of the resulting redirection graph. As we will show, these characteristics can be used to detect malicious pages.We argue that our approach is less prone to evasion than previous systems, allows us to also detect scam pages that rely on social engineering rather than only those that exploit browser vulnerabilities, and can be implemented efficiently. We developed a system, called SpiderWeb, which implements our proposed approach. We show that this system works well in detecting web pages that deliver malware.
Model for precipitation and dissolution processes with precipitate migration

Presentation du modele, base sur le modele de Walsh (1984), tenant compte de la migration des solides precipites. Illustration de ce modele par un probleme d'ecoulement considerant le procede de precipitation/dissolution pour quatre especes aqueuses A, B, C, D et trois composes mineraux AB, AC et BD
A multi-center 1H MRS study of the AIDS dementia complex: validation and preliminary analysis.

Purpose To demonstrate the technical feasibility and reliability of a multi-center study characterizing regional levels of the brain metabolite ratios choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr) and myoinositol (MI)/Cr, markers of glial cell activity, and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/Cr, a marker of mature neurons, in subjects with AIDS dementia complex (ADC). Materials and Methods Using an automated protocol (GE PROBE-P), short echo time spectra (TE = 35 msec) were obtained at eight sites from uniformly prepared phantoms and from three brain regions (frontal white matter, basal ganglia, and parietal cortex) of normal volunteers and ADC and HIV-negative subjects. Results A random-effects model of the phantom and volunteer data showed no significant inter-site differences. Feasibility of a multi-center study was further validated by detection of significant differences between the metabolite ratios of ADC subjects and HIV-negative controls. ADC subjects exhibited significantly higher Cho/Cr and MI/Cr in the basal ganglia and significantly reduced NAA/Cr and significantly higher MI/Cr in the frontal white matter. These results are consistent with the predominantly subcortical distribution of the pathologic abnormalities associated with ADC. Conclusion This is the first study to ascertain and validate the reliability and reproducibility of a short echo time 1H-MRS acquisition sequence from multiple brain regions in a multi-center setting. It should now be possible to examine the regional effects of HIV infection in the brain in a large number of subjects and to study the metabolic effects of new therapies for the treatment of ADC in a clinical trial setting. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:625–633. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FDTD dispersion revisited: faster-than-light propagation

The numerical dispersion relation that governs the propagation of fields in a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) grid was derived several years ago. In this work a different interpretation is given for the governing equation. It is shown that the dispersion relation predicts faster-than-light propagation for coarsely resolved fields. Additionally, some spectral components that were previously believed to have zero phase velocity are shown to propagate, albeit with exponential decay.
Low pressure differential discharge characteristics of saturated liquids passing through orifices

An experimental investigation has been performed to determine the effect of variation in the length-to-diameter ratios on the discharge characteristics of saturated liquids passing through square edge orifices subjected to low pressure differentials. Experiments were performed to confirm reported results for sharp edge orifices and for round edge orifices with appreciable ratios of inlet corner radius to orifice diameter.
Gender Role And Culture In Pre- Employment Relocation Decisions

Conventional understanding of pre-employment relocation is incomplete due to the disconnection between human resources managers and pre-employment individuals. This study attempts to empirically examine pre-employment relocation preferences of upcoming young professionals. Guided the literature, it states any individual with the same gender or gender role orientations and cultural influences may behave in a similar manner in non-professional occupations. The findings highlight certain timing and situation factors that are salient in determining pre-employment relocation preferences. The findings offer insights into pre-employment relocation for researchers and human resources managers.
Neuroticism as a Risk Factor for Behavioral Dysregulation: A Mindfulness-Mediation Perspective

Neuroticism is an individual difference variable reflecting proneness to negative emotional experiences. High levels of neuroticism are often associated with impulsivity and behavioral dysregulation. Three studies, involving a total of 226 undergraduate participants, were conducted in an effort to better understand the relationship between neuroticism and behavioral dysregulation. Based on relevant theory, it was hypothesized that relations between neuroticism and behavioral dysregulation would be mediated by individual differences in mindfulness. As hypothesized, neuroticism was an inverse predictor of mindfulness and higher levels of mindfulness were associated with (a) lower levels of impulsivity and (b) higher levels of self-control, both assessed in dispositional terms. Furthermore, mindfulness fully mediated the relations between neuroticism and these outcome variables. On the basis of the findings, then, a mindfulness-mediation perspective of neuroticism's behavioral correlates was supported. Implications focus on personality-process perspectives of neuroticism, clinical considerations, and the role of mindfulness in behavioral self-regulation.
Research Notes: Measuring Parity: Tying Into the Idealized Standard Deviation

We present a metric to calculate the idealized standard deviation (ISD) in the event that ties are possible and receive points in team-sport league standings. Our aim is to raise some issues regarding the customary application of that concept in leagues that do not employ a binomial system for determining rankings, to suggest that the reciprocal of the ISD may be a more intuitive construct if the intent is to represent parity, to provide scholars with a set of ISDs, and to suggest some interesting topics that arise from a quick perusal of the time series.
Fast GRAPPA reconstruction with random projection.

Purpose To address the issue of computational complexity in generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) when several calibration data are used. Method GRAPPA requires fully sampled data for accurate calibration with increasing data needed for higher reduction factors to maintain accuracy, which leads to longer computational time, especially in a three-dimensional (3D) setting and with higher channel count coils. Channel reduction methods have been developed to address this issue when massive array coils are used. In this study, the complexity problem was addressed from a different prospective. Instead of compressing to fewer channels, we propose the use of random projections to reduce the dimension of the linear equation in the calibration phase. The equivalence before and after the reduction is supported by the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma. The proposed random projection method can be integrated with channel reduction sequentially for even higher computational efficiency. Results Experimental results show that GRAPPA with random projection can achieve comparable image quality with much less computational time when compared with conventional GRAPPA without random projection. Conclusion The proposed random projection method is able to reduce the computational time of GRAPPA, especially in a 3D setting, without compromising the image quality, or to improve the reconstruction quality by allowing more data for calibration when the computational time is a limiting factor. Magn Reson Med 74:71–80, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life cycle assessment at nanoscale: review and recommendations

Purpose The need for a systematic evaluation of the human and environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has been widely recognized, and a growing body of literature is available endorsing life cycle assessment (LCA) as a valid tool for the same. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the nano-specific environmental assessments are being done within the existing framework of life cycle inventory and impact assessment and whether these frameworks are valid and/or whether they can be modified for nano-evaluations.
An adaptive time-frequency representation using a cone-shaped kernel

Cone-kernel time-frequency distributions (CKDs) preserve the outer hull of signal time support in the time-frequency plane, and appear promising in many applications. The authors present a technique for adaptively optimizing the performance of the cone-kernel distribution by varying the cone length in response to changing signal structure. The result is a time-varying spectral estimate that can track signal changes quickly in time, while still allowing the use of windows long enough to give good frequency resolution. The adaptive CKD generally provides much better performance than fixed-length CKDs, and requires only slightly more computation than a fixed-kernel distribution. >
Cervical cannulation for resternotomy in pediatric patients.

Resternotomy is a common, albeit challenging, component of many current cardiac operations and remains a source of morbidity and mortality. Despite the recent emphasis on primary repair for congenital heart defects, complete repair or palliation often requires multiple operations. In the vast majority of cases, sternal reentry can be performed without difficulty. However, a small number of patients have anatomic configurations that make sternal reentry particularly hazardous. Potentially difficult sternotomies on occasion require alternate cannulation sites. Typically the femoral vessels are used in larger patients, but these vessels are often unavailable in pediatric patients because of multiple previous cardiac catheterizations, cutdowns, and, in pretoddler infants, inadequate size. The aim of this report is to describe our experience with cervical cannulation in infants undergoing resternotomy.
An analysis of the early development of the chick by means of the mitotic index

Using the percentage of mitotic figures in the cells as an index, a study was made of the distribution of cell multiplication in the development of the chick embryo. Counts were made of all regions in embryos ranging from the embryonic shield stage to sixteen somites, and of the neural and sensory epithelia and axial mesoderm of older embryos. Figures are presented which are believed to establish the sufficiency of mitotic division in producing the cell increases in the early embryo. In the developing primitive streak, areas of superior division rate were found in the presumptive medullary plate ectoderm at the sides of the streak. The node and the primitive plate tend to exhibit lower rates than the axis of the streak. The posterior nerve cells multiply more rapidly than the average of the neural tube, and areas of activity in the mesoderm tend to be located near the posterior end. An antero-posterior gradient of the index is indicated in the anterior neural tube, meeting a transient postero-anterior gradient of the hinder cord in the yolk-sac region. A lower rate of division in the floor than in the sides of the neural ectoderm may be implicated in the inrolling of the medullary plate and in the ventral ourvature of older embryos. All indices drop progressively with advancing age and differentiation.
Effects of Artificial Insemination vs Natural Service Breeding on Production and Reproduction Parameters in Dairy Herds

The effects of four combinations of AI and natural service (NS) breeding on production and reproduction parameters were analyzed using Holstein Dairy Herd Improvement herd summary records for years 1999 through 2002. Herds were assigned to breeding systems (BS) by percentage of NS usage as follows: 1) 0%, 2) 1 to 20%, 3) 21 to 89%, and 4) 90 to 100%. Regions were North, Midsouth, and South. Herd sizes were small ( 250 cows). The mean percentages of AI and NS usage over 4 yr by BS were 1) 100%, 0%; 2) 92.9%, 7.1%; 3) 54.2%, 45.8%; and 4) 1.0%, 99.0%. Actual calving interval was shorter (P<0.05) for BS4 compared with the other systems. Herds using a combination of AI and NS (BS2 and BS3) had longer actual calving intervals than did herds in BS1 (P<0.05). Days dry and the percentage of dry periods between 40 to 70 d were less for BS1 (P<0.05). The percentage of cows leaving the herd was significantly less for BS4. The percentage of cows leaving the herd for reproductive reasons was greater for BS1 (P<0.05). Overall reproductive efficiency as measured by the percentage of cows in milk and herd milk yield was greater (P<0.05) for BS1 and declined as the percentage of NS increased. Actual calving interval, days dry, and percentage of dry periods between 40 to 70 d were less in the North (P<0.05). Percentage of cows in milk and herd milk yield were greater in the North (P<0.05). Herd milk yield was greater (P<0.05) for large-size herds and decreased with declining herd size.
Alignment of virtual enterprise, information technology, and performance: an empirical study

Functional-level strategic planning should align with and support business-level strategies. Alignment of strategies is presumed to be a positive contributor to business performance just as misalignment is presumed to be a negative contributor. These presumptions should be true for all types of business environments. This study develops and tests these presumptions by examining managers’ perceptions of strategy. Drawing on both virtual enterprise (VE) and information technology (IT) literature, this research compares how these managers’ perceptions of the amount of emphasis their firm places on different aspects of business-level VE strategies and how the amount of functional level information technology support for each aspect of VE strategy are aligned. Based on a sample of matched pairs of general managers and operations managers from 196 organisations, hypotheses relating the alignment of virtual enterprise, information technology, and business performance are tested. The moderating effects of the yea...
Post 9/11: Are We Really Safer Now?

Are we really safer now? How sufficient are the new security measures enacted across the country? Is the public right to criticize the inconvenience of heightened airport measures, especially in light of ongoing news reports about lapses in such security? Is it safe to once again go to the tops of tall buildings, such as the Empire State Building and the Sears Tower? How much of a presence do terrorists still have in our country, and are we a target for future attacks? What, if anything, should we still fear? Can we feel more at ease? Will it ever be safe to go back to how we used to be?The short answer to the provocative question "Are we any safer?" is maybe. But you probably already knew this. Maybe this means there is no need to read any further. Not so fast. Although some may feel safer and others may want to head for the hills, I want to help contextualize our current state of preparedness in the United States. In the context of this chapter, I want to develop a theoretical background, outline what federal, state, and local governments have done; and review some of the key accomplishments in the "War Against Terror." I will not enter into a discussion of what terrorism is. Nor will I look specifically at the events of September 11, at who is to blame for the incidents, or how operations are unfolding in Afghanistan and Iraq. In short, I want to encourage readers as much as possible to avoid simplistic responses. Why? Because many of these kinds of answers led to needless expenditure of resources, and some are actually quite dangerous.
Toward the quest for the truth in ethnomusicology: a mise au point

Desde a sua concepcao, o campo de etnomusicologia tem mudado muito. Nos seus primeiros cinquenta anos a etnomusicologia vem definindo e redefinindo seu campo de pesquisa, seu objetivo final – raison d’etre –, e se afirmando como uma disciplina das ciencias humanas, sobretudo da sociologia. Nao seria um exagero afirmar que no decorrer dos anos a etnomusicologia tem se conscientizado de sua missao final – a de contribuir ao conhecimento do ser humano – e nao apenas limitar-se as atividades de compreensao dos mecanismos de seu assunto – estudo de musica por si mesmo. Deste modo, a etnomusicologia vem se adaptando a interdisciplinaridade. Nesse processo, a etnomusicologia vem seletivamente tomando emprestadas as ferramentas de teorias e metodos de pesquisa de disciplinas irmas como a sociologia, a antropologia, a etnografia e a linguistica, e configurando-as ao seu proprio paradigma. O presente artigo visa colocar em foco a definicao de etnomusicologia e a reinterpretacao das ferramentas de pesquisa emprestadas e sua re-configuracao dentro de um modelo unico aplicado em busca do seu objetivo final – a verdade – no campo de etnomusicologia.
Oral combination chemotherapy for refractory/relapsed lymphoma with the PEP-C (C3) regimen (daily prednisone, etoposide, procarbazine, cyclophosphamide): Low-dose continuous metronomic multidrug therapy

8064 Background: Oral daily low dose chemotherapy (metronomic therapy) may maintain continuous sequential drug levels to impact endothelial cell viability (anti-angiogenesis) or to overcome drug re...
Agronomy of strip intercropping broccoli with alyssum for biological control of aphids

Abstract Organic broccoli growers in California typically control aphids by intercropping broccoli with strips of alyssum ( Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.) which attracts hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) that are important predators of aphids. A three year study with transplanted organic broccoli in Salinas, California evaluated agronomic aspects of broccoli monoculture (B100) and broccoli-alyssum strip intercropping on beds in replacement intercropping treatments where alyssum transplants replaced 4 or 8% of the broccoli transplants, and an additive intercropping treatment (B100 + A100) where alyssum transplants were interspersed between broccoli without displacing it. The replacement patterns included alyssum planted on both lines of a bed (A100), beds with 50% broccoli and 50% alyssum transplants in different lines (B50A50D), and beds with 50% broccoli and 50% alyssum alternating in the same lines (B50A50S). To evaluate competition, shoot dry matter (DM) of alyssum and broccoli was measured at 36–43 days (harvest 1) and 59–66 days (harvest 2) after transplanting, and alyssum flowering was assessed at both harvests. The treatments performed consistently across years. The number of flowering alyssum shoots was highly correlated with alyssum DM. Per alyssum transplant, alyssum DM was highest in A100 and B50A50D at harvest 1, and by harvest 2 (3–7 days before broccoli maturity) was in order of A100 > B50A50D > B50A50S = B100 + A100. Broccoli was much more competitive than alyssum and by harvest 2 produced larger broccoli shoots per transplant in B50A50S (122 g) and B50S50D (96 g) than the more ideally sized shoots (73 g) in B100 and B100 + A100. The A100 pattern may be the most efficient replacement intercropping strategy to provide hoverflies and parasitoids with floral resources through the whole season, however, additive intercropping may also be useful to augment floral resources early in the season without displacing broccoli. These results can help growers reduce the cost of alyssum intercropping in high-density broccoli systems (>100,000 transplants per ha). The practical management implications and future research needs to further improve the efficiency of these systems are discussed.
Archival ambience and sensory memory: Generating queer intimacies in the settler colonial archive

ABSTRACTThe shift to archives as rhetorical places creates opportunities to examine environmental accessibility, the role of archives in legitimating official public memory, and tactics to evoke memory at the margins. I conceptualize the relation between archival environments, feeling, and memory as “archival ambience.” Ambience challenges modern theories of invention and foregrounds the entanglements of sensory culture, corporeality, sensation, feeling, and memory. Ambience reimagines invention and circulation as the relational materiality of bodies and as central to the generation of intimacies. This essay models a sensory engagement with archives at the American Heritage Center and Grace Hebard and Agnes Wergeland collections. Guided by the settler colonial environment of the American Heritage Center (AHC) and what remains of Hebard and Wergeland, I craft a queer sense of their “intimate friendship” and argue that perception of Hebard and Wergeland's intimate friendship takes shape through the sensory ...
An Increasing Trend in Health-Care Professionals Notifying Children of Unhealthy Weight Status: NHANES 1999–2014

An increasing trend in health-care professionals notifying children of unhealthy weight status: NHANES 1999–2014
Serological detection and analysis of measlse in Taishan city in 2002-2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of measles in Taishan city in 2002-2012 and to provide scientific basis for the future control and prevention ofmeasles. Methods ELISA method was used to detect measles IgM Ab.Descriptive epidemiological method was used in data analysis. Results 177 samples were analyzed and thepositive rate of measles IgM Ab was 53.7%. The incidence was highin the age group of 8 months(20.0%),5 years(37.9%) and 20 years(28.4%)old group. Conclusion There was a trend of decreasing in measles in Taishan city in 2002-2012. Measles cases were mainly found in the age group of 8 months and 20 years old.
Substrate Trace Modeling for Package Warpage Simulation

Accurately predicting warpage using finite element simulation helps accelerate decision-making in the early product development phase. With the ongoing trend of thinning the overall thickness of the microelectronics package as well as its substrate, copper with high modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion becomes more prominent compared to the rest of the non-metallic material. Package warpage simulation may need to consider the copper trace pattern. Due to the complexity of the copper trace, simulation with high fidelity can be extremely expensive. This paper examines the substrate copper structural features and their impact to the mechanical behaviors of real substrates. Finite element analysis simulations compared three copper trace modeling approaches at different packaging levels of bare substrate, bare die package, and overmold package. Warpage measurements of test vehicle packages using the exact copper trace patterns as simulations confirmed the analyses. A practical and efficient approach for package simulation is identified.
Chemotherapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATC) account for roughly 2.2 % of all thyroid cancers in the USA (Hossain et al. J Clin Oncol 28(15s):abstr 5588, 2010) and are believed to arise from differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) via the accumulation of genetic abnormalities that result in dedifferentiation and an aggressive phenotype (Wiseman et al. J Clin Oncol 24(18s):abstr 5556, 2006). Unfortunately, ATC is usually advanced at the time of diagnosis, with approximately 76–79 % of all patients having disease extending beyond the thyroid/neck at the time of presentation (Hossain et al. J Clin Oncol 28(15s):abstr 5588, 2010; Chen et al. Am J Clin Oncol 31(5):460–4, 2008). In the vast majority of patients, surgery alone has been associated with poor outcomes, leading to investigation into additional therapeutic options.
Neurobehavioral Outcome in Opsoclonus-MA Syndrome

The relationship between long-term neurobehavioral outcome, MRI findings, and late anti-neuronal antibodies was examined in 11 children with neuroblastoma and opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMA) followed for a mean of 7.6 years at the University of California San Francisco, CA.
CIVILITY: cloud based interactive visualization of tractography brain connectome

Cloud based Interactive Visualization of Tractography Brain Connectome (CIVILITY) is an interactive visualization tool of brain connectome in the cloud. This application submits tasks to remote computing grids were the CIVILITY-tractography pipeline is deployed. The application will list the running tasks for the user and once a task is completed the brain connectome is visualized using Hierarchical Edge Bundling. The analysis pipeline uses FSL tools (bedpostx and probtrackx2) to generate a triangular matrix indicating the connectivity strength between different regions in the brain. This work is motivated by medical applications in which expensive computational tasks such as brain connectivity is needed and to provide a state of the art visualization tool of Brain Connectome. This work does not contribute any novelty with respect to the visualization methodology, is rather a new resource for the neuroimaging community. This work is submitted to the SPIE Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging conference. The source code of this application is available in NITRC∗
Global higher education learning outcomes and financial trends: Comparative and innovative approaches

Abstract The cost of higher education continues to escalate at an alarming rate. Public and private funding sources from around the world are increasingly under pressure to reduce allocations toward higher education while at the same time raising outcome expectations. This financial outlook is projected to continue well into the future, and in many instances it is deemed unsustainable in the long run. Within this context, we examine good and best practices of higher education finance models in select international contexts. A primary objective of this paper is to examine exemplary models of learning outcomes and higher education financing models that can reduce or at least help level off this unsustainable trend. Ethnographic interviews were conducted with 60 content area experts with in-depth knowledge as administrators of seven case study higher education institutions. We conclude with recommendations to assist policy makers, government planners, and higher education administrators in their attempts to meet the financial challenges of today and in the future.
Metasurfaces for advanced light management and thermal emission (Conference Presentation)

In this talk, we will discuss our recent work in the area of wave manipulation with high-contrast metasurfaces, with special interest in manipulating optical wavefronts and thermal emission. In addition to our recent theoretical and experimental work in the area of gradient metasurfaces to manipulate the impinging light, we will discuss how similar concepts may be extended to thermal sources, to manipulate their emission features. Incandescent sources made of electrically-heated films suffer from low efficiencies and offer poor control over the directionality and spatial localization, as well as the spectral and polarization properties of the emitted light. We have recently demonstrated that, by nanostructuring a SiC surface, we can concentrate the thermal emission of a preselected spectral range into a well-defined location above the surface. Concentrating the thermal radiation can have direct impact on the design and operation of the future generation of thermo-photovoltaic cells in addition to providing the ability for local heat generation and moreover mitigate challenges associated with thermal management in low thermal budget devices. Our recent theoretical work suggests that gradient metasurface concepts may be suitably extended to tailor thermal emission control with a new degree of control.
Food Security in South Africa: Human Rights and Entitlement Perspectives

Scholarship on South Africa is fairly common in the field of socio-economic rights. The country’s 1996 constitution guarantees a number of economic, social and cultural rights, there is an impressi...
Enumeration and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in novelty ice cream samples manufactured on a specific production line linked to a listeriosis outbreak

Abstract Listeriosis is an invasive illness typically caused by the ingestion of foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. In 2015, an outbreak of listeriosis was linked to ice cream products produced on a specific production line at Facility X. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) obtained samples representing several lots of three products manufactured on that line from May 2014 through January 2015. Two of these products, A and B, while not linked to any reported illnesses, were analyzed to determine the frequency of contamination and the contamination level for risk assessment and dose-response analyses. These enumerations were performed utilizing a Most Probable Number (MPN) method, with a lower detection limit of 0.03 MPN/g, on 344 samples of Product A and 95 samples of Product B. Ten lots of Product A were analyzed and 77% of the samples tested were found to be positive for L. monocytogenes. Five lots of Product B were analyzed and 46% of the tested samples were found to be positive. Additionally, the level of contamination of positive Product B samples was always less than 1 MPN/g. The contamination levels of both products, overall, were low with median values of 0.1 MPN/g and 0.02 MPN/g for Products A and B, respectively. A majority of Product A samples (52%) were contaminated at levels of less than 1 MPN/g and only one sample was above 100 MPN/g. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of L. monocytogenes isolated from ice cream samples produced in the line suggested minor strain differences related to product type, possibly due to differences in the food matrices and/or differences in the manufacturing equipment. Overall, the data showed a consistent low level of contamination in products produced from a single production line over a nine month period.
Popular Nullification, Fries' Rebellion, and the Waning of Radical Republicanism, 1798-1801

In May, 1798, a Republican writing under the pseudonym "Nestor" accused President John Adams of renouncing the principles for which Ameri cans had fought the Revolution. Seizing on Adams' comment that Americans had fought for independence only out of necessity, Nestor accused Adams of misinterpreting the meaning of the Revolution: "Did America resist because she wished only to be independent* No! Mr. Adams' assertion to the contrary, she contended for freedom as well as independence." Nestor insisted that in belittling America's struggle for freedom, Adams had revealed his hitherto veiled hostility to liberty. "The real enemy," Nestor warned his readers, "is assaulting the citadel of your dearest privileges?Fleets, standing armies, debts and taxes are preparing for you."1 Though Nestor clearly twisted Adams' words to the President's discredit, his prediction was borne out over the summer months of 1798. Adams and the Federalist majority did indeed pass a program of legislation intended to prepare the country for an impending war with France. These measures in cluded new internal taxes, a larger navy and a standing army, and the borrow ing of large sums at eight-percent interest. Republicans denounced this pro gram as unnecessary, burdensome, and despotic. The passage of the war pro gram of 1798, which also included the Alien and Sedition Acts, initiated a political crisis that lasted for the next two years. The crisis brought into full focus the question that was central to debates over the meaning of the Revolu tion: whether the people might resist oppressive acts undertaken by a govern ment of their own creation. In 1799, the German-Americans of Bucks and Northampton Counties, Pennsylvania fashioned their own answer to that question. The 1798 direct tax on houses, land, and slaves was the particular object of their anger. They invoked their own memory of the American Revolution in opposition to this law, and declared that "they had fought such laws before, and would do so again." When tax assessors arrived in these countries to measure houses, the inhabitants resisted the assessment and threatened the lives of the assessors. On March 6, 1799, United States Marshal William Nichols arrested twenty of the leaders of the resistance. The next day, one hundred and fifty armed men, assembled in three militia companies, marched into the town of Bethlehem and secured the prisoners' release. These insurgents took up arms to nullify a federal law because they perceived the law as an assault on their liberty. Their campaign of resistance to the direct tax of 1798 is today consid
Low power comparator with offset cancellation technique for Flash ADC

The design and analysis of a low power comparator that features an offset cancellation technique has been carried out in this paper. The proposed low power circuit works on a 1 GHz sampling frequency and is developed in 65nm CMOS technology. An offset cancellation technique and a switch are added to the comparator to reduce the offset and kickback noise. The comparator is implemented in a 5-bit Flash Analog to Digital converter (ADC) and the overall measured power consumption from 1 V power supply is 568 μW. The proposed ADC can convert the analog input to digital output with 4.62 bits ENOB in Nyquist input frequency whilst the SNDR and SFDR are 29.6 dB and 42.4 dB, respectively.
Antigenic determinants of proteins of defined sequences.

Inspired by the classical work of Landsteiner (1945), many years of effort have been directed towards the better understanding, on a molecular level, of various parameters of the immune response. To facilitate such studies, various model antigens have been devised and successfully used. These include hapten-carrier conjugates, synthetic polypeptides, carbohydrates, and protein antigens. The studies have been the subject of numerous reviews (Karush, 1962; Kaminski, 1965; Singer, 1965; Sela, 1966, 1967, 1969; Crumpton, 1967b; Kabat, 1968; Pressman and Grossberg, 1968; Goodman, 1969).
Cephalometric evaluation of adult anterior open bite non-extraction treatment with Invisalign

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of cephalometric appraisal, the vertical effects of non-extraction treatment of adult anterior open bite with clear aligners (Invisalign system, Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 30 adult patients with anterior open bite treated using Invisalign (22 females, 8 males; mean age at start of treatment: 28 years and 10 months; mean anterior open bite at start of treatment: 1.8 mm) were analyzed. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were traced to compare the following vertical measurements: SN to maxillary occlusal plane (SN-MxOP), SN to mandibular occlusal plane (SN-MnOP), mandibular plane to mandibular occlusal plane (MP-MnOP), SN to mandibular plane (SN-MP), SN to palatal plane (SN-PP), SN to gonion-gnathion plane (SN-GoGn), upper 1 tip to palatal plane (U1-PP), lower 1 tip to mandibular plane (L1-MP), mesiobuccal cusp of upper 6 to palatal plane (U6-PP), mesiobuccal cusp of lower 6 to mandibular plane (L6-MP), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), and overbite (OB). Paired t-tests and descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data and assess any significant changes resulting from treatment. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in overall treatment changes for SN-MxOP, SN-MnOP, MP-MnOP, SN-MP, SN-GoGn, L1-MP, L6-MP, LAFH, and OB. Conclusions: The Invisalign system is a viable therapeutic modality for non-extraction treatment of adult anterior mild open bites. Bite closure was mainly achieved by a combination of counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane, lower molar intrusion and lower incisor extrusion.