cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-03-08: A fluorescence STAT3 reporter preferentially expressed in human breast cancer tumor-initiating cells

Cancer initiating/stem cells are thought to be responsible for treatment-resistance, disease-recurrence and metastasis. Current breast cancer stem cell markers lack direct correlation with stem cell function, which makes the targeted therapeutic design difficult. The STAT3 pathway is a critical regulator of the function of normal stem cells and evidence is accumulating for its important role in breast cancer stem cells, as well as associated “niche” cells. However, due to lack of method for pathway-activity-based live cell separation, whether STAT3 functions in the cancer stem cells themselves or in surrounding niche cells, or both remains unknown. To answer this question, we have constructed lentiviral fluorescent reporters, which enables FACS-sorting of cells differ in STAT3 activity as well as in vivo /in situ localization of STAT3 responsive cells. Our study for the first time separated the STAT3 positive and STAT3 negative cells from the same breast tumor in live, and for the first time provided functional evidences that the STAT3 positive cells are enriched for breast cancer stem cells compared to STAT3 negative cells, as tumor cells positive for reporter activity perform better in both mammosphere formation and dilution transplantation assays compared to the negatives. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-08.
Characterization and System Identification of an Unmanned Amphibious Tracked Vehicle

Experimental testing of an unmanned amphibious tracked vehicle on dry sand, in the surfzone and in water, has been performed to explore its maneuvering and performance characteristics for the planned future development of an automatic control system. The 2.69-m-long, 295-kg concept vehicle utilizes a small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) configuration with integrated crawler tracks and twin propellers for propulsion. Maximum traversable incline tests on dry sand reveal that the vehicle has a drawbar pull (DP) of about 1000 N (about one third of its weight) and can operate on slopes of 15 ° briefly and 10 ° for extended periods of time. Maneuvering tests were performed on flat, dry sand, as well as into and out of a surfzone at a beach site with inclines ranging from about 3 ° to 6 ° . In each of the tests, the track forces, speed over ground, and both linear and rotational accelerations were measured. Also recorded were environmental conditions, such as wind speed, significant waveheight/period, and ground slope. The tests reveal that the vehicle has a maximum straight-line flat ground speed of about 2 m/s, a minimum flat ground turning radius of 2.4 m, an in-water minimum turning radius of 1.9 m, and a maximum straight-line waterborne speed of 1.2 m/s. It is also shown that system identification applied to the data recorded from the flat ground and waterborne maneuvering tests can be used to find a linear, parametric state-space model for the vehicle that adequately reproduces its motion. Land-to-sea transition tests in two different seas of one-third significant waveheights of 8 and 28 cm (both measured at a distance of 6 m from the mean waterline on the beach) show that the vehicle exhibits substantial track slip as it traverses into the surfzone and its weight becomes increasingly supported by the displacement of its hulls. The tractive force model developed by Wong (Theory of Ground Vehicles, New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2001) is modified to account for the reduction in track-supported vehicle weight as the vehicle becomes waterborne. It is shown that this adapted model captures the main physical features of the measured track forces. The waveheights and periods recorded during surfzone transition tests are used to examine the seakeeping properties of the vehicle. It is found that the vehicle's natural frequency of roll is near the dominant wave frequencies measured. A Froude-Krylov strip theory simulation shows that the wave forces acting on the vehicle in 28-cm waves may be slightly larger than the force measured on each track when the DUKW-Ling is crossing the transition zone between the beach and surfzone and should not be ignored in modeling and simulation studies.
Ethical Implications of Drug Shortages

Drug shortages have become a ubiquitous occurrence at most perioperative facilities. Dealing with these shortages involves not just administrative challenges, but opens a Pandora’s Box of ethical quandaries. This chapter reviews: the causes of medication shortages from manufacturing to distribution, the ethical discussions that arise when dealing with medication shortages from varying perspectives, and the challenges of finding definitive solutions.
Medical Care and Health Needs—Present and Future: 1. Unmet Needs and Demands

Two of three persons in this country see a physician at least once a year, yet more medical care is needed. Part of the problem is that patients generally think in terms of “health” while doctors are interested in “sickness.” Some patients, particularly those used to poverty, are not accustomed to maintaining health and preventing disease and do not seek medical care even when it is provided.
Public private partnerships and emerging technologies: A look at nanomedicine for diseases of poverty

Emerging technologies, like nanotechnology, are often hailed as transformative technologies that will not only help the rich, but be used to decrease poverty and inequality. In order to overcome many of the challenges associated with developing products for poor communities, especially medicines for the poor, institutions setup organizations called public private partnership (PPPs). This study examines whether PPPs are developing nanotechnology to make medicines for diseases of poverty (DoP). PPPs are the main actors researching medicines for DoP and if they are not involved with nanotechnology research, then it is unlikely that nanomedicines for DoP will be developed. Through interviews and website content analysis, this study finds that there are only a few PPPs doing nanomedicine research. Many of the PPPs are worried that the technology is too expensive and it will take too long to bring nanomedicines to the market. To increase the likelihood that emerging technologies, like nanotechnology, will be used to mitigate poverty, policy makers can do several things like change the patent laws to encourage innovation on technologies for the poor, increase research funding in areas that address development, and move pro-poor technologies quickly through the regulation process.
Sense of Self, Embodiment, and Desire-Based Emotions

Many philosophers approach the issue of personal identity by seeking to address how it is that an individual can remain the same person over time despite various qualitative physical and psychological changes. Often such discussions raise questions about whether there is such a thing as a ‘person’ or ‘self’ that persists through time, and some philosophers have argued that this notion of a ‘self’ is a fiction and that self-consciousness is an illusion.1 Others have held that a self truly does exist and that through self-consciousness we can be assured of the existence of our own self.2 In the context of such debates, either the ‘self’ is treated as some sort of substantial entity that exists (according to Realists about the self) or else the ‘self’ is treated as a mere myth that does not exist (according to Irrealists about the self). As I hope will become clear, I wish to sidestep this debate, given that it arises only in the context of highly questionable assumptions to the effect that Realism and Irrealism about the self exhaust the relevant logical space of options. While I agree with the Irrealists that the self is not a solid, really existing substance that serves as a stable basis for our fleeting and momentary sensations, feelings, and motivations, this hardly shows that the self is merely a fiction or an illusion. We cannot conclude that the self is a ‘nothing’ simply on the basis that it is not a substantial ‘something.’
Analyzing Schubert: ???A word will often do it???

In writing Schubert’s obituary in 1829, Johann Mayrhofer (1787–1836) noted that 19 January 1822 marked an important day for the understanding of Schubert’s songs. On that day an anonymous review of some of them appeared in the Viennese Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung . The songs under scrutiny, it might be worth revealing, included settings of poetry by none other than Mayrhofer himself. Nonetheless, in all modesty, the event was important for Schubert too: this was the first extensive review devoted to his songs. It extols Schubert for his “truly expressive song,” his “rich lyrical gift” and his captivating accompaniments. These traits, of course, continue to be regarded as important to Schubert’s transformation of the German lied. The next major piece of criticism appeared as soon as a month later, in another Viennese newspaper. This time the author signed his name: he was Friedrich von Hentl, and his review promised to be a probing discussion of all of Schubert’s songs published up to that point, namely Opp. 1–7. He too singles out Schubert’s lyricism and accompaniment for praise. According to him the vocal line is not solely responsible for carrying the expression of the words, as was primarily the case for Schubert’s predecessors. In Schubert’s songs, the accompaniment also holds a distinctive expressive force. Hentl additionally drew attention to the unique qualities of Schubert’s harmony, but he avoided discussing the mechanics of it in any detail: “Others will judge the theoretical aspect of these works and say how far justice is done to the technics of an art where no lapse may be tolerated, since definite rules exclude wilfulness.” So much for the analysis of Schubert’s harmony.
Harnessing Intra-Host Strain Competition to Limit Antibiotic Resistance: Mathematical Model Results

Antibiotic overuse has promoted the spread of antibiotic resistance. To compound the issue, treating individuals dually infected with antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-vulnerable strains can make their infections completely resistant through competitive release. We formulate mathematical models of transmission dynamics accounting for dual infections and extensions accounting for lag times between infection and treatment or between cure and ending treatment. Analysis using the Next-Generation Matrix reveals how competition within hosts and the costs of resistance determine whether vulnerable and resistant strains persist, coexist, or drive each other to extinction. Invasion analysis predicts that treatment of dually infected cases will promote resistance. By varying antibiotic strength, the models suggest that physicians have two ways to achieve a particular resistance target: prescribe relatively weak antibiotics to everyone infected with an antibiotic-vulnerable strain or give more potent prescriptions to only those patients singly infected with the vulnerable strain after ruling out the possibility of them being dually infected with resistance. Through selectivity and moderation in antibiotic prescription, resistance might be limited.
Report on the Homework Problem

One evening during the workshop, the participants divided up into three small groups to discuss and analyze a database security “homework problem”. The questions focused on the security requirements of an example database application. While the example itself is not particularly realistic, it exhibits a fairly typical database design and a set of security requirements that are characteristic of commercial and DoD applications. Its primary advantage over the examples that have been used in the security literature to date is that it represents a more complete application, and not just a single file or relation.
Photon Management using index-near-zero materials

Index-near-zero materials can strongly enhance light-matter interactions. The performance of light trapping greatly exceeds the conventional Yablonovitch limit. Moreover, Index-near-zero materials suppress radiative recombination, resulting in enhanced open circuit voltage in direct bandgap solar cells.
Spectroscopy of Gamma Radiation from Nd 144 , Sr 88 , and Pb 207

The energies of the cascade gamma rays in ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144}$ are found to be 1487.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.1 kev and 696.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 kev and the measured energy of the crossover transition is 2186.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2 kev. The agreement of these results is used to justify the claim of 0.1% accuracy for the scintillation spectrometer with anticoincidence annulus for the measurement of gamma-ray energies in the interval from 0.5 Mev to roughly 3.0 Mev. An energy of 570.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 kev is obtained for the low-energy radiation from ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{207}$ and energies of 1836.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7 kev and 898.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8 kev are reported for two ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$ gamma rays. Also measurements are given for the relative intensities of the 2.18-Mev, 1.48-Mev, and 0.696-Mev gamma rays of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{144}$, the relative intensities of the 1.8-Mev and 0.898-Mev transitions in ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{88}$, and the relative intensities of the 1.06-Mev and 0.57-Mev transitions in ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{207}$.
How Are We Measuring Patient Satisfaction After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background:Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common orthopaedic operations in the United States. The long-term impact of ACL reconstruction is controversial,...
The Competitive Position of West Texas in Commercial Vegetable Production

HE purpose of this paper is to describe the method used to analyze an array of possible new alternative crops and determine the ones with the greatest probability of profit for the farmer. This method is particularly applicable to perishable crops, such as fruits and vegetables. This work was developed as a study of the vegetable market potentials and facility requirements for West Texas. For purposes of discussion the analytical procedure will be broken down into three steps: 1) production possibilities of the local area, 2) the competing producing areas, and 3) the nature of possible interregional competition in consuming markets. An actual study does not proceed in this fashion as it is necessary to consider as many factors as are known concerning each of these problem areas simultaneously with the intensive study of each one. Such an approach requires cooperation between production specialists in the technical departments and agricultural economists. That type of analysis involves the consideration of a great many details. This paper will deal only with the three steps listed above. The cost of production would involve a paper in itself. The following procedure of progressive approximation was developed as a method of determining economically feasible, alternative crops. It can be used either to select economically feasible crops from which farmers looking for alternatives could choose, or to evaluate the shifts which have taken place in a given area. There are a number of factors that determine the most feasible alterna-
A Wireless Early Prediction System of Cardiac Arrest through IoT

The increase in popularity for wearable technologies has opened the door for an Internet of Things (IoT) solution to healthcare. One of the most prevalent healthcare problems today is the poor survival rate of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrests. The objective of this study is to present a multisensory system using IoT that can collect physical activity heart rates and body temperature. For this study, we implemented an embedded sensory system with a Low Energy (LE) Bluetooth communication module to collect ECG and body temperature data using a smartphone in a common environment. This study introduces the use of signal processing and machine learning techniques for sensor data analytics for sudden cardiac arrest and or heart attack prediction.
CATEGORIZATION OF CYBER TRAINING ENVIRONMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

First responders and professionals in hazardous occupations undergo intense training and evaluation to enable them to efficiently and effectively mitigate risk and damage. For example, helicopter pilots train with multiple simulations that increase in complexity before they fly real aircraft. However, in the industrial control systems domain, where incident response professionals help detect, respond and recover from cyber incidents, there is no official categorization of training environments, let alone training regimens. To address this gap, this chapter provides a categorization of industrial control training environments based on realism. Four levels of environments are proposed and mapped to Bloom’s Taxonomy. The categorization enables organizations to determine the cyber training environments that best align with their training needs and budgets.
Resonant and slow-light 2×2 switches enabled by nanobeams and grating-coupled waveguides

This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress on 2 × 2 crossbar switches that operate within a narrow band of wavelengths (Δλ ∼ 0.5 nm) in a manner similar to that of 4-port reconfigurable add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs). The waveguided integrated-photonic devices discussed here can be actuated by thermo-optic (TO) or electro-optic (EO) means, the latter offering ultralow switching energy of 1 fJ/bit or less. The main switch architectures are the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and the 2-waveguide (WG) contra-directional coupler with asymmetric WGs. Our 2 × 2 MZI's employ a pair of 1D photonic-crystal connecting arms — WGs with airhole or Bragg-grating lattices. Those WGs are (1) nanobeams that provide transmission over a Lorentzian resonance profile or (2) bandedge slow-light (SL) grating-WGs that give a step-like T/R spectrum with reflection at wavelengths below the edge and transmission above the edge. The grating-assisted asymmetric contra-directional coupler (ACDC) is resonant at the phase-matching wavelength between its two super modes. Reflection into the input is avoided using a A/4 phase shifting segment between two grating sections. This ACDC sends a reflected wave instead into the drop port. We discuss two NB devices, one SL device and three ACDC devices. In each case, the TO- or EO-induced wavelength shift of the resonance or step is Δλ s ∼ 0.8-nm, obtained by engineering the lattice and mode parameters. Our 2 × 2 s have great potential for creating N × N fabrics in WDM systems.
Synthesis of Radiation Counts for Networks of Detectors

We develop a data-driven, regression-based scaling method to synthesize radiation counts for a given source strength in a spectral bin by bootstrapping measurements from Domestic Nuclear Detection Office’s Intelligence Radiation Sensors Systems (IRSS) tests. In addition to counts, we also generate network messages using message-skeletons extracted from IRSS tests. We characterize the quality of generated counts using statistical mea- sures and distance metrics, and provide an analytical justification for our method based on the Vapnik-Chervonenkis theory.
Cor triatriatum dexter in 17 dogs.

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to report the signalment, presentation, clinical and imaging findings, interventions, and outcomes in a group of dogs with cor triatriatum dexter (CTD). Animals Seventeen client-owned dogs. Methods Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for signalment, history, physical examination findings, imaging and diagnostic findings, presence of concurrent congenital cardiac defects, description of interventional procedures, therapy information, and outcomes. Results Age at presentation ranged from two to 110 months, with 10 of 17 dogs (59%) aged Conclusions Cor triatriatum dexter in dogs is commonly seen in association with other right-sided congenital cardiac anomalies and may be an incidental finding. Dogs with CTD obstructing right atrial inflow can have a good outcome after intervention. Dogs with no clinical signs associated with the CTD may remain asymptomatic into adulthood.
Case 44-1988: A 25-Year-Old Man with Multiple Bone Lesions, Hilar Lymphadenopathy, and a Pericardial Effusion

Presentation of Case A 25-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of mediastinal, hilar, and subcarinal lymphadenopathy and a pericardial effusion. He was well until six months earlier, w...
Insects and mites attacking woody and herbaceous plants

Abstract The species diversity and growth habits of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous annual and perennial (ornamental) plants in urban landscapes provide unique opportunities (niches) for insects and mites to colonize above ground plant parts. Plant leaves or needles are the main site of photosynthesis for plants. They are also one of the more nutritious plant parts for insects. Leaves or needles can host insects or plant-feeding mites that feed from the surface by chewing the foliage or sucking plant sap. There are also insects called leaf or needleminers that develop as larvae inside those tissues. Miners and borers represent insects known as endophages. Endophagy is the habit of an insect life stage (usually immatures) to feed and develop inside rather than outside of the plant. Miners can feed between the upper and lower surface of leaves or needles, or they can feed between the layers of outer bark (cambium miners) in the stems of woody plants. Miners are protected from external forces and may manipulate the plant to nutritionally enhance mined leaves. Leafmining is mainly aesthetic but may reduce photosynthesis and growth. Populations of a few leafminers (birch leafminer) may be so great that most leaves are infested, resulting in defoliation. Borers are insects with chewing mouthparts that include bud borers (budworms), petiole borers, shoot borers, root borers, trunk or stem borers, twig girdlers, and pruners. All borers and miners create a gallery or mine, a cavity inside the plant, where the larva(e) develops. Endophagy occurs within the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hymenoptera.
A collision prediction framework for noncoplanar radiotherapy planning and delivery

Purpose Noncoplanar radiotherapy can provide significant dosimetric benefits. However, clinical implementation of such techniques is not fully realized, partially due to the absence of a collision prediction tool integrated into the clinical workflow. In this work, the feasibility of developing a collision prediction system (CPS) suitable for integration into clinical practice has been investigated. Methods The CPS is based on a geometric model of the Linear Accelerator (Linac), and patient morphology acquired at the simulator using a combination of the planning CT scan and 3-D vision camera (Microsoft, Kinect) data. Physical dimensions of Linac components were taken to construct a geometric model. The Linac components include the treatment couch, gantry, and imaging devices. The treatment couch coordinates were determined based on a correspondence among the CT couch top, Linac couch, and the treatment isocenter location. A collision is predicted based on dot products between vectors denoting points in Linac components and patient morphology. Collision test cases were simulated with the CPS and experimentally verified using ArcCheck and Rando phantoms to simulate a patient. Results For 111 collision test cases, the sensitivity and specificity of the CPS model were calculated to be 0.95 and 1.00, respectively. The CPS predicted collision states that left conservative margins, as designed, relative to actual collision locations. The average difference between the predicted and measured collision states was 2.3 cm for lateral couch movements. The predicted couch rotational position for a collision between the gantry and a patient analog differed from actual values on average by 3.8°. The magnitude of these differences is sufficient to account for interfractional patient positioning variations during treatment. Conclusion The feasibility of developing a CPS using geometric models and standard vector algebra has been investigated. This study outlines a framework for potential clinical implementation of a CPS for noncoplanar radiotherapy.
Comparison of gamma-ray spectral analysis methods for thick-walled UF6 cylinders

Abstract Three data analysis methods were compared for gamma ray spectra collected by planar and coaxial high-purity germanium detectors (HPGe) on thick-walled uranium hexafluoride cylinders. The cylinder contents range from natural to low-enriched uranium (4.95% 235U). Each spectrum was analyzed with the traditional 185.7 keV enrichment meter method, a 185.7/1001 keV ratio method, and the Fixed Energy Response Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) software that utilizes low- and high-energy gamma rays and X-rays. When results for all cylinders were compared, the enrichment meter method and the 185.7/1001 keV peak ratio method consistently provided the most accurate data for all detector types. The error on the enrichment calculations analyzed with FRAM did not meet the international target value whereas those calculated with the enrichment meter and ratio method did. Enrichments calculated by FRAM were found to skew to higher values on natural uranium and to lower values on low-enriched uranium. FRAM calculated the least-precise enrichments; replicate analyses of single cylinders resulted in 235U values that varied by as much as 19%. FRAM does have the significant advantages in that it does not require the use of calibration cylinders, infinite thickness criteria are not necessary, and it can be applied to any HPGe detector. If calibration cylinders are available, the enrichment meter and 185.7/1001 peak ratio are the recommended methods as they are the most accurate and precise.
Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond.

Significance: The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the landscape of healthcare delivery in many countries, with a new shift toward remote patient monitoring (RPM). Aim: The goal of this perspective is to highlight the existing and future role of wearable and RPM optical technologies in an increasingly at-home healthcare and research environment. Approach: First, the specific changes occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare delivery, regulations, and technological innovations related to RPM technologies are reviewed. Then, a review of the current state and potential future impact of optical physiological monitoring in portable and wearable formats is outlined. Results: New efforts from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies are advancing and encouraging at-home, portable, and wearable physiological monitors as a growing part of healthcare delivery. It is hoped that these shifts will assist with disease diagnosis, treatment, management, recovery, and rehabilitation with minimal in-person contact. Some of these trends are likely to persist for years to come. Optical technologies already account for a large portion of RPM platforms, with a good potential for future growth. Conclusions: The biomedical optics community has a potentially large role to play in developing, testing, and commercializing new wearable and RPM technologies to meet the changing healthcare and research landscape in the COVID-19 era and beyond.
Multi-objective optimization based algorithms for solving mixed integer linear minimum multiplicative programs

Abstract We present two new algorithms for a class of single-objective non-linear optimization problems, the so-called Mixed Integer Linear minimum Multiplicative Programs (MIL-mMPs). This class of optimization problems has a desirable characteristic: a MIL-mMP can be viewed as a special case of the problem of optimization over the efficient set in multi-objective optimization. The proposed algorithms exploit this characteristic and solve any MIL-mMP from the viewpoint of multi-objective optimization. A computational study on 960 instances demonstrates that the proposed algorithms outperform a generic-purpose solver, SCIP, by a factor of more than 10 on many instances. We numerically show that selecting the best algorithm among our proposed algorithms highly depends on the class of instances used. Specifically, since one of the proposed algorithms is a decision space search algorithm and the other one is a criterion space search algorithm, one can significantly outperform the other depending on the dimension of decision space and criterion space. Although it is possible to linearize some instances of MIL-mMPs, we show that a commercial solver, CPLEX, struggles to directly solve such linearized instances because linearization introduces additional constraints and binary decision variables.
A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS A PARTIR DO ACESSO AMPLIADO À JUSTIÇA: UMA ANÁLISE À LUZ DOS MÉTODOS AUTOCOMPOSITIVOS DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO

O presente artigo – fundamento na ideia de acesso ampliado a Justica – buscou analisar a realizacao dos direitos humanos num plano pratico-operacional por meio dos metodos autocompositivos aplicados pelo Ministerio Publico. A priori foram feitas digressoes historicas e sublinhadas as contribuicoes basilares de autores como Bobbio e Cappelletti para robustecer o tecido dissertativo do texto. Apresentadas as propostas, estas foram casadas com a ideia interdisciplinar de ampliacao do acesso a Justica a partir de outras metodologias e tecnicas de abordagens recomendadas pelo Conselho Nacional do Ministerio Publico. Propostas de natureza extrajudicial e que viabilizam a efetiva implementacao dos direitos humanos na realidade fatica brasileira. O metodo integrativo fora utilizado em razao da sua capacidade de conjugar dados que podem ser direcionados a definicao de conceitos, identificacao de lacunas e revisao de teorias, objetivando demonstrar a potencial eficacia do uso dos meios autocompositivos.
Study on Growth Trends for Groundnut Crop in Jaipur District and Rajasthan State

Jaipur district occupies considerable in area and production of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in the state of Rajasthan. The present investigation was undertaken with the objective growth rates in area, production and productivity of groundnut in Jaipur district as well as Rajasthan state. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of groundnut were collected for Jaipur district and Rajasthan state for the period 2008-09 to 2017-18. Growth rates were estimated by using statistical tools like linear function model, Semi-log function model and Exponential function model for calculating annual growth rate. The results revealed that area, production and productivity of groundnut were estimated to be negative in the district of Jaipur and these were positive in the state of Rajasthan as a whole for the period 2008-09 to 2017-18. Results were also found that the growth rates in area, production and productivity of groundnut were estimated to be significantly negative i.e. 3.63, 4.41 and 1.31 per cent per annum respectively, in the Jaipur district, whereas, in Rajasthan state, area, production and productivity of groundnut were estimated to be significantly positive i.e. 7.64, 11.54 and 3.90 per cent per annum, respectively, during the period 2008-09 to 2017-18. Therefore, the study recommends increasing the production by bringing more area under groundnut cultivation and productivity by developing improved varieties of groundnut suiting to the changing agro-climatic conditions of the state.
An Anthropology for Contemporaneous Worlds

An Anthropology for Contemporaneous Worlds. Marc Auge. Translated by Amy Jacobs. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. 144 pp.
Profile of circulatory metabolites in chronic mouse model of multiple sclerosis using untargeted global metabolomics (THER3P.883)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the CNS. Although, MS is well characterized in terms of the role played by immune cells, cytokines and CNS pathology, nothing is known about the metabolic alterations that occur during the disease process in circulation. Here, we profiled the plasma metabolites of B6 with EAE, a known model of chronic MS using untargeted global metabolomics. Using a combination of high-throughput liquid-and-gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, a total of 326 metabolites were identified, with significant changes observed in 105 metabolites (13 up- and 92 down-regulated), that mapped to lipid and amino acid pathways, followed by the peptide, xenobiotic, carbohydrate, nucleotide and energy pathways (p
Blogging in the Global Society: Cultural, Political and Geographical Aspects

During the past decade, blogging has not only grown, but it has also become a truly international phenomenon: about two thirds of all blogs are written in a language other than English. Blogging in the Global Society: Cultural, Political and Geographical Aspects provides a comprehensive view of blogging as a global practice. Bloggers have created a new virtual worlda blogospherepopulated with opinion leaders and information purveyors, political pundits and activists, human and animal rights defenders and abusers, corruption fighters and truth seekers, as well as professionals, marketers, advertisers, journalists, celebrities, artists, academics, and bored consumers of all sorts. This book provides a cross-disciplinary analysis of the social, cultural, and political factors affecting blogging practices, tracing the diffusion of blogging as a global communication innovation, uncovering particularities and patterns of adoption in different cultures and geographical regions, and shedding light on trends in the global blogosphere.
Linkage disequilibrium between the juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis gene and marker loci on chromosome 16p 12.1.

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL; Batten disease) are a collection of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by the accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments in the neurons and other cell types. Clinically, these disorders are characterized by progressive encephalopathy, loss of vision, and seizures. CLN3, the gene responsible for juvenile NCL, has been mapped to a 15-cM region flanked by the marker loci D16S148 and D16S150 on human chromosome 16. CLN2, the gene causing the late-infantile form of NCL (LNCL), is not yet mapped. We have used highly informative dinucleotide repeat markers mapping between D16S148 and D16S150 to refine the localization of CLN3 and to test for linkage to CLN2. We find significant linkage disequilibrium between CLN3 and the dinucleotide repeat marker loci D16S288 (chi 2(7) = 46.5, P < .005), D16S298 (chi 2(6) = 36.6, P < .005), and D16S299 (chi 2(7) = 73.8, P < .005), and also a novel RFLP marker at the D16S272 locus (chi 2(1) = 5.7, P = .02). These markers all map to 16p12.1. The D16S298/D16S299 haplotype "5/4" is highly overrepresented, accounting for 54% of CLN3 chromosomes as compared with 8% of control chromosomes (chi 2 = 117, df = 1, P < .001). Examination of the haplotypes suggests that the CLN3 locus can be narrowed to the region immediately surrounding these markers in 16p12.1. Analysis of D16S299 in our LNCL pedigrees supports our previous finding that CLN3 and CLN2 are different genetic loci. This study also indicates that dinucleotide repeat markers play a valuable role in disequilibrium studies.
Seasonal Climatology of Tidal Non-Linearities in a Shallow Estuary

Hourly sea levels recorded over a 16-month period at eight tide gauges throughout the estuarine system at Murrells, South Carolina, clarify the climatology of tidal distortion within this shallow, well-mixed estuary. Numerical results are consistent with these data and suggest comparable behavior in other geometrically-similar systems. The non-linear tidal response to changes in the amplitude-to-depth ratio (a/h) are investigated utilizing the spring-neap cycle over a single month and the offshore steric response over an entire year or more. As a/h increases in Murrells estuary due to greater tidal amplitude, tidal distortion becomes more flood dominant. However, patterns of non-linear tidal distortion in response to lower frequency ocean level change are strongly dependent upon proximity to local concentrations of intertidal flats. In areas of small tidal flat extent, as a/h decreases (due to rising sea level), tidal distortion becomes less flood dominant; in areas of extensive flats, absolute distortion and, therefore, flood dominant nature grows with greater h. Numerical modeling of estuary sea height and tidal velocity support the observations, which are consistent with the hypotheses of Aubrey and Speer (1985) and Speer and Aubrey (1985). They also have implications for changes in estuarine response to accelerated sea-level rise in the near future.
Cardiac risk scores in high-risk Hispanics and the predictive value of BNP

Aims. The purpose of this study was to calculate cardiac risk scores in Hispanic subjects and to determine the predictive value of adding B-type natriuretic peptide in identifying those with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction as a measure of cardiovascular disease. Background. Hispanics have higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors leading to coronary heart disease, asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular events. Assessing cardiac risk in these groups is important to identify those at high risk for future cardiovascular events. The use of biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide may increase the accuracy of risk prediction. Design. This study used a descriptive, cross-sectional study design to determine the utility of the standard risk assessment tools (Adult Treatment Panel III and the Framingham Risk Scores risk calculator) and the B-type natriuretic peptide biomarker to estimate coronary heart disease risk in low-income, Hispanic participants. Methods. A sample of 71 patients (age 52 SD 11, 69% female) with multiple cardiovascular risk factors seen at an ambulatory clinic at a county facility was enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic and medical history information were obtained. Two widely used risk calculators (Adult Treatment Panel III and Framingham Risk Scores) were used to estimate 10-year coronary heart disease risk in each subject. Baseline B-type natriuretic peptide measurement and echocardiography were performed with each subject to evaluate presence of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Receiver operating curve analyses were performed to compare predictability, sensitivity and specificity of the traditional risk scores against the B-type natriuretic peptide level to detect asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Results. Overall mean risk scores were 5% (SD 5%) (Adult Treatment Panel III) and 10% (SD 7%) (Framingham Risk Scores). Mean B-type natriuretic peptide levels were 108·5 (SD 191·5) pg/ml. Echocardiogram results revealed a high proportion of subjects with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (74·6%). The receiver operating curves showed an area under the curve of 0·67 for B-type natriuretic peptide (p < 0·05), 0·64 (p = NS) for Adult Treatment Panel III and 0·56 (p = NS) for Framingham Risk Scores, evidence that B-type natriuretic peptide does significantly better than Adult Treatment Panel or Framingham Risk Scores in predicting asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. Conclusion. The inclusion of B-type natriuretic peptide with traditional risk scores may be helpful in predicting risk and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in high-risk Hispanics. Relevance to clinical practice. Cardiac risk scores can assist clinicians in identifying patients at high risk for developing coronary heart disease.
Notes from the Co-Editors

An editorial outlining the change of leadership of Urban Library Journal and an overview of this issue's contents.
A Genetic Analysis of the Suppressor 2 of Zeste Complex of Drosophila Melanogaster

The zeste1 (z1) mutation of Drosophila melanogaster produces a mutant yellow eye color instead of the wild-type red. Genetic and molecular data suggest that z1 achieves this change by altering expression of the wild-type white gene in a manner that exhibits transvection effects. There exist suppressor and enhancer mutations that modify the z1 eye color, and this paper summarizes our studies of those belonging to the Suppressor 2 of zeste complex [Su(z)2-C]. The Su(z)2-C consists of at least three subregions called Psc (Posterior sex combs), Su(z)2 and Su(z)2D (Distal). The products of these subregions are proposed to act at the level of chromatin. Complementation analyses predict that the products are functionally similar and interacting. The alleles of Psc define two overlapping phenotypic classes, the hopeful and hapless. The distinctions between these two classes and the intragenic complementation seen among some of the Psc alleles are consistent with a multidomain structure for the product of Psc. Psc is a member of the homeotic Polycomb group of genes. A general discussion of the Polycomb and trithorax group of genes, position-effect variegation, transvection, chromosome pairing and chromatin structure is presented.
β-Ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase (FabG) activity of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway is a determining factor of 3-oxo-homoserine lactone acyl chain lengths

The two acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) N-(butyryl)-L-homoserine lactone and N-[3-oxododecanoyl]-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) are required for quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These AHLs derive their invariant lactone rings from S-adenosylmethionine and their variable acyl chains from the cellular acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) pool. This reaction is catalysed by specific AHL synthases, which exhibit acyl chain specificity. Culture supernatants of P. aeruginosa contain multiple 3-oxo-AHLs that differ in their acyl chain lengths but their physiological role, if any, remains unknown. An in vitro fatty acid-3-oxo-AHL synthesis system was established utilizing purified P. aeruginosa Fab proteins, ACP and the LasI 3-oxo-AHL synthase. In the presence of excess protein, substrates and cofactors, this system produced almost exclusively 3-oxo-C12-HSL. When the β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG) catalysed step was made rate-limiting by switching from the preferred NADPH cofactor to NADH, increased levels of short chain 3-oxo-AHLs were produced, presumably because shorter-chain ketoacyl-ACPs accumulated and thus became LasI substrates. Consistent with these in vitro observations, a fabG(Ts) mutant produced increased amounts of 3-oxo-AHLs in vivo. Thus, in vitro and in vivo evidence indicated that modulation of FabG activity of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway may determine the acyl chain lengths of these 3-oxo-AHLs and that the LasI 3-oxo-AHL synthase is sufficient for their synthesis.
Evidence-based medicine beyond the bedside: keeping an eye on context

Rationale Evidence-based medicine is being applied to decisions in a range of contexts beyond one-to-one patient care. Yet considerable disagreement persists regarding the defining components of evidence-based decision-making, particularly in institutional and public health contexts. Aims and Objectives This article reviews the key elements of evidence-based decision-making for clinical medicine, and adapts those key elements and argues for their broad applicability to a variety of decision-making contexts including institutional, public health, and self-care decision-making contexts. Methods Conceptual Analysis. Results Evidence based decision-making involves research evidence, “social and institutional circumstances”, and “values” of stakeholders. Furthermore, evidence-based decision-making includes “judgment” exercised by experts to appropriately weigh and integrate the various decision-making elements. Conclusion Asking critical questions about the purposes and context of a specific decision, basic principles of evidence-based reasoning can be appropriately applied beyond the bedside.
Effects of preshipping vs. arrival medication with tilmicosin phosphate and feeding chlortetracycline on health and performance of newly received beef cattle.

Our objective was to determine the ef- fects of preshipping (PRE) vs arrival (ARR) medication with tilmicosin phosphate (MIC; Exp. 1 and 2) and feed- ing chlortetracycline (CTC; 22 mg/kg of BW from d 5 to 9; Exp. 2) on health and performance of beef calves received in the feedlot. Ninety-six steers (Exp. 1; pay weight 236 kg) and 240 (Exp. 2; average pay weight 188 kg) steer and bull calves were used. For Exp. 1, treatments included no MIC (CON), PRE, and ARR. For Exp. 2, treatments were arranged in a 3 × 2 factorial. Treatments included CON, PRE, and ARR, either with CTC or without CTC. For Exp. 2, serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were determined on samples collected on d 0, 5, 10, and 28 and d 0, 5, and 10, respectively. No MIC × CTC interactions were observed. No differences were
Improved Design Procedure for Slot Array Antennas Using the Method of Moments Analysis

Abstract An improved design procedure using a full-wave analysis technique is presented for planar slot array antennas. The method is illustrated for a planar array designed for a radiometer-type application. In the proposed method, initially, the antenna is designed by the well-known Elliott technique. Subsequently, a perturbation approach is employed using a full-wave analysis technique. The analysis utilizes the method of moments solution to the pertinent integral equations for the aperture electric field of all slots. The radiating slots are perturbed by using numerically determined partial derivatives, while all the coupling slots are perturbed to maintain the relative excitations of the radiating waveguides, thereby improving the return loss. Convergence is reached within a few iterations. The method may be applied to large arrays made up of subarrays.
A History of Psychology of Religion in the West: Implications for Theory and Method

The study of religion in Western psychology has an interesting history that provides many lessons for future attempts to understand the spiritual aspects of human experience. In the past, psychologists have typically operated from one of three paradigms in their study of religion: (1) hermeneutic–phenomenological, (2) positivistic naturalism, and (3) religious integration. Each of these paradigms has a number of important theoretical assumptions and a preferred set of methodologies that offer significant advantages and disadvantages. The paradigm of positivistic naturalism, with its emphasis on quantitative questionnaire methodology, has been the most influential but also the least helpful in generating new ideas for the psychological understanding of religion, particularly as it is practiced in non-Western contexts. A historical survey of the other competing paradigms offers many insights and practical suggestions about how research in the psychology of religion might proceed in the twenty-first century.
Two-axis tracking using translation stages for a lens-to-channel waveguide solar concentrator.

A two-axis tracking scheme designed for 75% optical efficiency throughout the year in simulation and >65% efficiency experimentally. This efficiency can be further improved by the use of anti-reflection layers and a larger waveguide refractive index.