cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BRCA1/BRCA2 (BRCA) testing in young women with breast cancer: Patterns, motivations, and implications for treatment decisions.

6548 Background: While BRCA testing is recommended for women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50, little is known about decisions surrounding testing in young patients. Methods: As part of a...
GRAN BRETAÑA Y EUROPA: ¿QUÉ SIGUE?

Este escrito analiza algunas de las razones por las que Gran Bretana solo participo a medias en la Union Europea y termino votando a favor del Brexit el 23 de junio de 2016. Examina, ademas, las opciones que quedan abiertas para la Union Europea y Gran Bretana. Europa debe demostrar que puede funcionar mostrando resultados. En Gran Bretana es necesario romper los moldes de pensamiento establecidos y remodelar la estructura de los partidos politicos.
Taxicab tipping and sunlight

Does the level of sunlight affect the tipping percentage in taxicab rides in New York City? We examined this question using data on 13.82 million cab rides from January to October in 2009 in New York City combined with data on hourly levels of solar radiation. We found a small but statistically significant positive relationship between sunlight and tipping, with an estimated tipping increase of 0.5 to 0.7 percentage points when transitioning from a dark sky to full sunshine. The findings are robust to two-way clustering of standard errors based on hour-of-the-day and day-of-the-year and controlling for day-of-the-year, month-of-the-year, cab driver fixed effects, weather conditions, and ride characteristics. The NYC cab ride context is suitable for testing the association between sunlight and tipping due to the largely random assignment of riders to drivers, direct exposure to sunlight, and low confounding from variation in service experiences.
A restrospective analysis of intraoperative cell salvage during cesarean delivery

Intraoperative cell salvage(IOCS)was conducted during cesarean delivery from May 2011 to April 2016 in our hospital: when the volume of autologous blood collected from the surgical field ≥ 800 ml during surgery and the parturients′ hemoglobin≤100 g/L after hemorrhage, the autologous blood was centrifuged, concentrated, washed and then filtered using a leucocyte depletion filter before reinfusion.IOCS was carried out in 1 085 cases during cesarean delivery within 5 yr.For the parturients who underwent IOCS, the percentage of patients who did not require transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells was 82.95%(900 cases), the percentage of patients who required plasma transfusion was 41.66%(452 cases), the percentage of patients who required platelet transfusion was 3.32%(36 cases), and no autologous blood transfusion-related adverse reactions were found during surgery and hospital stay.In conclusion, IOCS could be safely and effectively used for blood-saving effect in cesarean delivery. Key words: Cesarean section; Blood transfusion, autologous
THE ZPPR-4 DEMO CRITICALS PROGRAM*

The ZPPR-4 critical assembly was designed to be similar to the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant (CRBRP) design in overall shape, configuration and region-average compositions. A four phase program, directed at design input to the CRBRP, blanket performance, blanket fissile buildup effects, full-core breeding performance and plutonium isotopic effects is described. Experimental results for reaction rate distributions in the blanket, control rod and rod group worths and plutonium isotopic effects are discussed.
Environmental Nutrient Supply Directly Alters Plant Traits but Indirectly Determines Virus Growth Rate.

Ecological stoichiometry and resource competition theory both predict that nutrient rates and ratios can alter infectious disease dynamics. Pathogens such as viruses hijack nutrient rich host metabolites to complete multiple steps of their epidemiological cycle. As the synthesis of these molecules requires nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), environmental supply rates and ratios of N and P to hosts can directly limit disease dynamics. Environmental nutrient supplies also may alter virus epidemiology indirectly by changing host phenotype or the dynamics of coinfecting pathogens. We tested whether host nutrient supplies and coinfection control pathogen growth within hosts and transmission to new hosts, either directly or through modifications of plant tissue chemistry (i.e. content and stoichiometric ratios of nutrients), host phenotypic traits, or among-pathogen interactions. We examined two widespread plant viruses (BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV) in cultivated oats (Avena sativa) grown along a range of N and of P supply rates. N and P supply rates altered plant tissue chemistry and phenotypic traits; however environmental nutrient supplies and plant tissue content and ratios of nutrients did not directly alter virus titer. Infection with CYDV-RPV altered plant traits and resulted in thicker plant leaves (i.e. higher leaf mass per area) and there was a positive correlation between CYDV-RPV titer and leaf mass per area. CYDV-RPV titer was reduced by the presence of a competitor, BYDV-PAV, and higher CYDV-RPV titer led to more severe chlorotic symptoms. In our experimental conditions, virus transmission was unaffected by nutrient supply rates, co-infection, plant stoichiometry, or plant traits, although nutrient supply rates have been shown to increase infection and coinfection rates. This work provides a robust test of the role of plant nutrient content and ratios in the dynamics of globally important pathogens and reveals a more complex relationship between within-host virus growth and alterations of plant traits. A deeper understanding of the differential effects of environmental nutrient supplies on virus epidemiology and ecology is particularly relevant given the rapid increase of nutrients flowing into Earth’s ecosystems as a result of human activities.
Continuous improvement in hand therapy: Lean and the improvement Kata mindset.

• Coaching Kata is a strategy that can be used to coach patients toward engagement and participation in their health care outcomes by motivating and informing their ways of thinking and acting.
Objective Motion Cueing Criteria for Commercial Transport Simulators

This paper adds data to establish fidelity criteria for the simulator motion system diagnostic test now required during commercial aircraft simulator approval in the United States. Nineteen airline transport pilots flew three tasks under six different motion conditions in an experiment on the NASA Vertical Motion Simulator. The motion conditions allowed refinement of the initial fidelity criteria developed in previous experiments. In line with these previous experiments, the motion condition significantly affected (1) false motion cue pilot ratings, and sink rate and longitudinal deviation at touchdown in the approach and landing task, (2) false motion cue pilot ratings, roll deviations, and maximum pitch rate in the stall task, and (3) false motion cue pilot ratings, heading deviation, and pedal reaction time after an engine failure in the take-off task. Combining data from three experiments, significant differences in pilot-vehicle performance were used to define objective motion cueing criteria boundaries. These fidelity boundaries suggest that some hexapod simulators can possibly produce motion cues with improved fidelity in several degrees of freedom.
Explaining Variation in State Involvement in Cyber Attacks: A Social Network Approach

Cyber attacks pose an increasing threat to the international system. However, not all states are involved in cyber attacks to the same degree. This chapter asks how we might best explain variation in the involvement of states in cyber attacks across the international system. Conceiving the inter-state system as a social network, we hypothesize that as the global interconnectedness of a state increases so will its involvement in cyber attacks. Our regression models provide support for the contention that the more connected a state is to other states in the international system, the more likely it is to be involved in cyber attacks.
Survivability of Active Networking Services

Active networking enables the rapid creation and deployment of innovative services in the network. This paper describes an architecture to ensure survivability of services in an active network through the dynamic reconfiguration of service components. We enhance the primary-backup protocol used in traditional distributed systems with active networking features that enable programmable selection of the service location and dynamic reconfiguration of the system if the primary service provider fails.
Developing a Concept of Choice

Abstract Our adult concept of choice is not a simple idea, but rather a complex set of beliefs about the causes of actions. These beliefs are situation-, individual- and culture-dependent, and are thus likely constructed through social learning. This chapter takes a rational constructivist approach to examining the development of a concept of choice in young children. Initially, infants' combine assumptions of rational agency with their capacity for statistical inference to reason about alternative possibilities for, and constraints on, action. Preschoolers' build on this basic understanding by integrating domain-specific causal knowledge of physical, biological, and psychological possibility into their appraisal of their own and others' ability to choose. However, preschoolers continue to view both psychological and social motivations as constraints on choice – for example, stating that one cannot choose to harm another, or to act against personal desires. It is not until later that children share the adult belief that choice mediates between conflicting motivations for action. The chapter concludes by suggesting avenues for future research – to better characterize conceptual changes in beliefs about choice, and to understand how such beliefs arise from children's everyday experiences.
Barriers and Bridges to Intimacy and Mutuality: A Critical Review of Sexual Advice Found in Self-Help Bestsellers

Sexuality in a committed relationship is based ideally on both intimacy and mutuality. Gender socialization may limit women's and men's capacities in these two important areas of sexual relationships. This article describes the results of a content analysis of nine best-selling popular press books on the New York Times Bestseller List between 1988 and 1998 according to their advice related to sexual intimacy and mutuality. Books were analyzed to determine the degree to which they built “barriers” or “bridges” to the development of intimacy and mutuality. Results indicate that while most authors offered advice that built bridges to intimacy, several built barriers to the development of mutuality. Implications for therapists are discussed.
Analysis of an Infinite-Server Queue $$MAP_ k|G_ k|\infty $$ in Random Environment with k Mar kov Arrival Streams and Random Volume of Customers

In this paper the model of an infinite-server \(MAP_k|G_k|\infty \) queue in random environment with catastrophes is considered. The transient and limiting probability generating functions (PGF) of joint distributions of number of busy servers and numbers of served customers, the joint distributions of total resource in the model and total served resource are found. All results are obtained by using collective marks method (CMM) and renewal processes.
Confederate War Grief Transformed: the Openness of Memorials to New Meanings

Civil War memorials in the United States represent the difficult national memory of a still contested internecine war over slavery, social equity, and public values. Today there is a heated debate about physical monuments honoring Confederate leaders and soldiers. For many, the original social memory has disappeared and meanings attributed to them have shifted from association with war dead, or the cult of the “lost cause,” to symbols of slavery and white supremacy. Their forms are open to new interpretations connected to human subjectivity and situatedness. Do these confederate memorials glorify racism or absorb the historical memory of grief? This paper examines the ongoing Confederate war memorial debate as evidence of the powerful role of monuments in the city and their changing meaning.
Innovation Competition, Payouts and Cash Holdings

This study investigates how competition in the innovation space affects the likelihood of dividend payment and the level of cash holdings. I construct annual firm innovation descriptions from patent filings’ textual content, and develop a new measure, innovation competition, using all firms’ annual innovation descriptions to evaluate the exogenous changes in the entire innovation space faced by each firm. As innovation competition increases by one standard deviation, the likelihood of dividend payment rises by 0.98 percentage points and cash holdings increases by 1.10 percentage points. Innovation competitions are robust to product market fluidity.
Predicting grain structure in high pressure die casting of aluminum alloys: A coupled cellular automaton and process model

Abstract Grain structure is one of the most important factors that affect the mechanical properties of metallic alloys. Accurate prediction of as-cast grain structure is critical in the design and manufacturing of metal castings using an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approach. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3-D) model based on cellular automaton (CA) and process simulation was developed for predicting grain size of components produced by high pressure die casting (HPDC) of aluminum alloys. The concurrent nucleation and growth of grains were considered in the model. A test specimen casting, consisting of different wall thicknesses, was simulated using a finite element based casting process simulation software ProCAST®. The thermal history of the simulated casting was extracted and used in subsequent mesoscale CA modeling. Different thermal conditions were used to simulate grain nucleation and growth during HPDC. The grain morphology, grain density and grain size were obtained by CA modeling. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was performed on aluminum castings of different wall thicknesses under various cooling rates to validate the simulation results. The 3-D grain structure model is in excellent agreement with the experimental results, and can be used in ICME design and development of aluminum castings.
Assessment of intratumor heterogeneity using imaging texture features in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

663Background: Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) relates to aggressiveness in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common and aggressive subtype of kidney cancer. Percutaneous biopsies ...
Multi-omics analysis unravels a segregated metabolic flux network that tunes co-utilization of sugar and aromatic carbons in Pseudomonas putida .

Pseudomonas species thrive in different nutritional environments and can catabolize divergent carbon substrates. These capabilities have important implications for the role of these species in natural and engineered carbon processing. However, the metabolic phenotypes enabling Pseudomonas to utilize mixed substrates remain poorly understood. Here, we employed a multi-omics approach involving stable isotope tracers, metabolomics, fluxomics, and proteomics in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to investigate the constitutive metabolic network that achieves co-utilization of glucose and benzoate, respectively a monomer of carbohydrate polymers and a derivative of lignin monomers. Despite nearly equal consumption of both substrates, metabolite isotopologues revealed nonuniform assimilation throughout the metabolic network. Gluconeogenic flux of benzoate-derived carbons from the tricarboxylic acid cycle did not reach the upper Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway nor the pentose-phosphate pathway. These latter two pathways were populated exclusively by glucose-derived carbons through a cyclic connection with the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. We integrated the 13C-metabolomics data with physiological parameters for quantitative flux analysis, demonstrating that the metabolic segregation of the substrate carbons optimally sustained biosynthetic flux demands and redox balance. Changes in protein abundance partially predicted the metabolic flux changes in cells grown on the glucose:benzoate mixture versus on glucose alone. Notably, flux magnitude and directionality were also maintained by metabolite levels and regulation of phosphorylation of key metabolic enzymes. These findings provide new insights into the metabolic architecture that affords adaptability of P. putida to divergent carbon substrates and highlight regulatory points at different metabolic nodes that may underlie the high nutritional flexibility of Pseudomonas species.
Bloom where planted: Entrepreneurial catalyzers amidst weak institutions

Abstract Aggregated country-level statistics and regulatory aspects of institutions alone fail to explain the increasing emergence of promising ventures in developing contexts. We argue institutions have multiple dimensions and draw attention to the often overlooked heterogeneities within these institutional dimensions in developing nations. Using data from developed, emerging, and base of pyramid economies we show evidence of unequal endowments across regulatory, cognitive, and normative institutional dimensions. Drawing on exemplar ventures we then illustrate that some founders develop workarounds by compensating for the weaker institutional dimension/s. Thus, rather than waiting for weak institutions to be fixed, entrepreneurial catalyzers go forward by harnessing their weak institutional context, countering a common narrative in development research.
Learning the Relevance of Relevance and the Trouble with Truth: Evaluating Explanatory Relevance across Childhood.

ABSTRACTIn four experiments, we investigate how the ability to detect irrelevant explanations develops. In Experiments 1 and 2, 4- to 8-year-olds and adults rated different types of explanations ab...
Surveillance Implications of Recurrence Patterns in Early Node-Negative Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Background There are limited data regarding optimal surveillance after curative resection for esophageal cancer. Once disease recurrence is diagnosed, the prognosis is poor. The purpose of this article was to characterize disease recurrence in patients with early esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods Two hundred sixty patients were identified from a prospective institutional database with pathologic T1 and T2 node-negative disease therapy treated with curative esophagectomy alone for esophageal adenocarcinoma between 1995 and 2017. Competing risk analysis was used to analyze factors associated with recurrence. Results The 5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence was 12%. Predictive factors for increased risk of recurrence included increasing tumor size, poor differentiation, and pathologic T2 disease (P Conclusions Among early node-negative patients with esophageal cancer undergoing curative resection, 5-year recurrence was 12%. Survival after recurrence was poor, and only a few patients had isolated locoregional recurrence at time of diagnosis, suggesting that scheduled surveillance may have an important role.
Minimally Invasive Sleeve Gastrectomy as a Surgical Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Abstract Background Obesity is a major public health burden that affects the transplant community because of its key role in fatty liver disease and transplantation outcomes. Objectives To evaluate the role of sleeve gastrectomy in treating recurrent and de novo nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in liver transplant recipients. Setting A university hospital. Methods We describe 2 obese liver transplant recipients with recurrent and de novo NAFLD who underwent minimally invasive metabolic and bariatric surgery. Results The surgery was performed successfully, with much of the operative time consumed by enterolysis. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. At last follow-up appointment (16 months postoperatively), there was a mean reduction in weight (31.98 kg), body mass index (10.2 kg/m2), glycosylated hemoglobin (1.05%), alanine aminotransferase (38 IU/L), steatosis score (0.34), and fibrosis score (0.05). The mean decrease in 6-month postoperative hepatic fat quantification was 6%. Conclusions These cases show that metabolic and bariatric surgery in obese, posttransplant recipients with recurrent and de novo nonalcoholic steatohepatitis lead to improved steatosis and reduced obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities.
A Just Approach Balancing Rawlsian Leximax Fairness and Utilitarianism

Numerous AI-assisted resource allocation decisions need to balance the conflicting goals of fairness and efficiency. Our paper studies the challenging task of defining and modeling a proper fairness-efficiency trade off. We define fairness with Rawlsian leximax fairness, which views the lexicographic maximum among all feasible outcomes as the most equitable; and define efficiency with Utilitarianism, which seeks to maximize the sum of utilities received by entities regardless of individual differences. Motivated by a justice-driven trade off principle: prioritize fairness to benefit the less advantaged unless too much efficiency is sacrificed, we propose a sequential optimization procedure to balance leximax fairness and utilitarianism in decision-making. Each iteration of our approach maximizes a social welfare function, and we provide a practical mixed integer/linear programming (MILP) formulation for each maximization problem. We illustrate our method on a budget allocation example. Compared with existing approaches of balancing equity and efficiency, our method is more interpretable in terms of parameter selection, and incorporates a strong equity criterion with a thoroughly balanced perspective.
Measures Undertaken in China to Avoid COVID-19 Infection: Internet-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: In early 2020, over 80,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were confirmed in China. Public prevention and control measures, along with efforts from all sectors of society, were undertaken to control and eliminate disease transmission. Objective: This paper describes Chinese citizens’ response to the epidemic, the preventive measures they implemented to avoid being infected, and the public strategies that were carried out by the government, health workers, etc. We also discuss the efficacy of these measures in controlling the epidemic in China. Methods: Information on the responses and behaviors of Chinese citizens were collected through a cross-sectional, internet-based survey using Dingxiang Doctor’s public account on WeChat. Information on public strategies implemented by all sectors of society to control the epidemic and data on new COVID-19 cases were collected from the internet, mainly from government websites. Standard descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results: A total of 10,304 participants responded to the survey, with 10,198 valid responses; 74.1% (n=7557) were female and 25.9% (n=2641) were male. Overall, 98.2% (n=10,013) of participants paid high or very high attention to the epidemic, with WeChat being their main information source (n=9400, 92.2%). Over half the participants (n=5878, 57.7%) were confident that the epidemic could be curbed in China; 92.4% (n=9427) opened windows for ventilation more frequently than usual; 97.9% (n=9986) used masks in public; 95.7% (n=9759) avoided large crowds and stayed at home as much as possible; and 97.9% (n=9988) washed their hands more often than usual. Women were more likely to practice these behaviors than men (P<.001). With a series of strict public control measures, like nationwide health education campaigns, holiday extensions, the Examine and Approve Policy on the resumption of work, close management of working and living quarters, a health QR (Quick Response) code system, community screening, and social distancing policies, the number of new cases have decreased dramatically since February 12, 2020. Conclusions: The methods employed by Chinese citizens and authorities have effectively curtailed the spread of COVID-19, demonstrating that this pandemic can be brought under control as long as the right measures are taken.
Exploiting intervoxel covariance as prior information in millimeter-wave computational imaging systems

Computational imaging techniques that rely on a compressed set of measurements and exploit prior information such as target size, scene sparsity, transceiver radiation pattern, etc are rapidly gaining popularity in areas such as medical and security imaging, remote sensing, and automotive radar as they can significantly reduce SWAP-C (Size, Weight, Power, and Cost) of hardware modules, especially at millimeter-wave frequencies. In this article, we propose using the covariance matrix of a large ensemble of representative targets to form a diagonalizing basis in which the transformed scene voxels are uncorrelated. In this basis, we introduce a method of image reconstruction, Covariance Likelihood based Regularization (CLR), where transformed voxels, with low likelihood according to the ensemble statistics, are penalized. We also discuss another method, Thresholded Eigenbasis (TE), which involves thresholding the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix and reconstructing the transformed scene voxels in a lower dimensional approximate basis. We use these techniques to reconstruct images from simulations of measurements made using a W-band (75 - 110 GHz) imaging system, where the linear imaging matrix is carefully designed based on vector electromagnetics and realistic hardware. Based on these reconstruction results, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for these methods, including scenarios where TE provides improved reconstruction speed and CLR provides improved accuracy.
A New Dashboard Tool to Enhance Data Processing and Energy Efficiency Analysis in Modern Buildings

In many buildings, energy tracking methods provide inadequate information regarding energy consumption, impeding the identification of economic and environmental waste in building operations and maintenance. M.C. Dean, an electrical design-build firm, recognized the importance of effective energy tracking methods in the large, complex buildings that it manages. Energy guidelines, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), are implemented to increase energy efficiency. Acquiring a LEED certification provides building owners with incentives, but it requires an in-depth documentation and understanding of energy usage prior to certification. Previously, M.C. Dean manually calculated average energy usage and created control charts that summarized annual statistics of their buildings. This method is sufficient for a single site but is an inefficient practice when applied manually across multiple sites. This project performed a requirements elicitation to determine the critical criteria for analyzing energy usage for M.C. Dean’s buildings. The results were used to develop a standardized Excel-based dashboard tool that instructs the user on importing and modifying raw energy data. Once the data is imported, the dashboard tool automatically tests for normality via probability plots and generates 3-sigma control charts. By automating this process, the dashboard tool enabled the user to gain detailed understanding of the energy usage of their site. Areas of potential improvement were identified through the implementation of three additional methods: analytic hierarchy process, cost simulation, and cost-benefit analysis. The manager’s preferences and energy guidelines generated a ranking of building usage factors, which can guide decisions on repurposing certain building elements. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed using parametric distribution analysis to predict future costs. Additionally, the dashboard increases awareness of energy usage by linking energy performance to the LEED Operations and Maintenance version 4.1 guidelines to estimate the current certification level and highlight areas for improvement. This research produced an energy performance tool that can be standardized to other complex buildings. It provides efficient energy tracking using standardized methods, allowing building owners to objectively assess the potential adoption of economical and sustainable practices.
Optimizing Testing for BPPV - The Loaded Dix-Hallpike

OBJECTIVES Although the Dix-Hallpike testing is generally considered as the gold standard for the identification of the posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), we investigated a modification of the maneuver termed the "loaded Dix-Hallpike." STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients participated in this prospective study comparing the standard Dix-Hallpike (S-DH) to the loaded Dix-Hallpike (L-DH) test. Each patient underwent repeated testing with the S-DH and the L-DH. The patients were placed into two groups. Fourteen patients underwent 3 rounds of S-DH testing followed by 3 rounds of L-DH testing. The other fourteen patients underwent 3 rounds of L-DH testing followed by 3 rounds of S-DH testing. The duration of nystagmus and the latency prior to the onset of nystagmus were measured for each test. Additionally, the patients were asked to rate the severity of their symptoms following each test. RESULTS The duration of nystagmus of the L-DH was significantly longer than that of the S-DH (p<0.0001). The patients reported a higher severity score with L-DH as compared to with S-DH (p<0.001). The L-DH was found to be more sensitive than the S-DH (p=0.0131). CONCLUSION The L-DH produces significantly longer duration of nystagmus, stronger symptoms, and improved sensitivity when compared to the S-DH.
Siren Song: Understanding Pakistan through Its Women Singers: , by Fawzia Afzal-Khan, Karachi, Pakistan, Oxford University Press, 2020, 211 pp., $20 (Paperback), ISBN 13: 978-0-19-070054-6.

In Fawzia Afzal-Khan’s feminist cultural studies approach to the saga of the great women musicians of her country, we see the female singers of Pakistan as the warriors they were, breaking free fro...
Inhibition of Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Enhances the Efficacy of Radiotherapy and Reduces Immune Suppression in Glioblastoma.

Aim To use inhibition of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) to target tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in glioblastoma (GBM). Materials and methods The CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ-945 was used to examine the impact of CSF-1R inhibition on M2 polarization in vitro. Using an orthotopic, immunocompetent GBM model, mice were treated with vehicle, RT, BLZ-945, or RT plus BLZ-945. Results BLZ-945 reduced M2 polarization in vitro. BLZ-945 alone did not improve median overall survival (mOS=29 days) compared to control mice (mOS=27 days). RT improved survival (mOS=45 days; p=0.02), while RT plus BLZ-945 led to the longest survival (mOS=not reached; p=0.005). Resected tumors had a relatively large population of M2 TAMs in GBM at baseline, which was increased in response to RT. BLZ-945 reduced RT-induced M2 infiltration. Conclusion Inhibition of CSF-1R improved response to RT in the treatment of GBM and may represent a promising strategy to improve RT-induced antitumor immune responses.
Improving clinical experiences for nursing students in nursing homes: An integrative literature review.

Abstract Well-organized clinical placements in older adult care settings will prepare nursing students to provide care for this growing population and may influence career choices. The purpose of this integrative review is to identify strategies that can be used to provide student nurses with effective clinical education experiences in residential aged care facilities offering skilled nursing (RACF-SNs). Twenty-three studies evaluating teaching and learning models and experiences were reviewed. Four themes were identified related to effective strategies for providing gerontological clinical education to students in residential aged care environments, principally nursing homes. These were: developing a partnership, comprehensive orientation, effective supervision for students, and supporting staff. Eight different models were described for enhancing clinical learning experiences in these environments. These models reflect the themes highlighted in the review. Relevance of the findings to a conceptual framework for evaluating gerontological clinical placements, the Senses Framework, is considered. Strong partnerships between schools of nursing and residential aged care environments can provide well-organized clinical education to undergraduate nursing students. To be sustainable, these partnerships must be developed in ways that do not require significant additional resources. A guideline for this process based on findings of the review has been developed.
Printed skin-conformal bioelectronics for wireless continuous stress monitoring and management

Stress in daily life has become a significant issue due to health risks. Because many sources of stress are unavoidable, management of stress is critical. Recent wearable devices, detecting physiological signals such as electrodermal activity, have been developed for quantitative and practical stress management assessment. However, they rely on a rigid and bulky system that is uncomfortable to wear during daily activities and has significant motion artifact issues. Here, we introduce a wireless skin-conformal bioelectronic system that evaluates daily stress management. Ultrathin, stretchable circuit system incorporated with a silicone elastomer enables a soft lamination on the skin, providing portable, continuous monitoring of stress. Printed, biocompatible nanomembrane electrodes on a breathable silicone tape provide long-term wearability and skin compatibility, enabling seamless monitoring of galvanic skin response at home with daily activities. Demonstration of stress management practice with human subjects shows the effectiveness of stress alleviation with a promising, non-invasive, and portable wearable system.
Naturalistic assessment of patterns and predictors of acute headache medication use among women with comorbid migraine and overweight or obesity

Given the potential for obesity to complicate migraine treatment outcomes, there is a need to understand patterns and correlates of acute medication use among individuals with this comorbidity. Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was used to characterize patterns of acute medication use among those with migraine and overweight/obesity and to examine individual and momentary factors related to medication use (both migraine-specific and nonspecific medications). Women with migraine and overweight/obesity (N = 170) seeking behavioral migraine treatment completed questionnaires followed by 28 days of daily ESM headache diaries. Participants used medications to treat 71.9% of attacks, 20% of which were treated with migraine-specific medications. Participants were more likely to use medication in the context of longer and more severe attacks that started earlier in the day. Presence of aura and greater work-related pain interference uniquely related to migraine-specific medication use. Questionnaire-assessed factors were not related to medication use, although older age and higher educational attainment related to more frequent use. A substantial proportion of attacks were left untreated, suggesting unmet treatment needs in this population. Results also suggest that ESM-assessed factors are more salient correlates of medication use compared to questionnaires. Additional investigation of barriers to medication use is needed.
Who is to Blame?: A discourse analytic comparison of the news reports on the killing of George Floyd in Mainland China and Taiwan

Abstract Critical discourse analysis (CDA) has been broadly applied to understand the social implications of discourse, yet few studies have compared different forms of discourse in Chinese media, especially on the topic of race. Referencing the CDA framework, this study compares two sample news items from Mainland China and Taiwan about the killing of George Floyd and the associated social movements, analyzing their presentational forms, sourcing patterns, headlines, lexical and syntactic choices. A racial analysis is also conducted to better comprehend how racism is constructed and potentially reproduced in Chinese media. The results suggest that the two media sources bifurcate in reporting styles – due to respective journalistic environments and regulations – and their attitudes towards the cause of the reported event. However, they both explicitly identify the issue of racism in the US. This study applies CDA in a non-US context to uncover the reporting styles and racial connotations in Chinese news discourse from Mainland China and Taiwan, identifying future directions for racial discourse analysis in Chinese media.
Wave Packet Analysis

Introduction Wavelets and square functions Interpolation of multilinear operators Paraproducts Wave packets Multilinear forms with modulation symmetries Carleson's theorem The Walsh model Further applications of wave packet analysis Bibliography.
Effect of nurse case management on the treatment of older women with breast cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of nurse case management on the treatment of older women with breast cancer. Design: Randomized prospective trial. Setting: Sixty surgeons practicing at 13 community and two public hospitals in southeast Texas. Participants: Three hundred thirty-five women (166 control and 169 intervention) aged 65 and older newly diagnosed with breast cancer. Intervention: Women seeing surgeons randomized to the intervention group received the services of a nurse case manager for 12 months after the diagnosis of breast cancer. Measurements: The primary outcome was the type and use of cancer-specific therapies received in the first 6 months after diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction and arm function on the affected side 2 months after diagnosis. Results: More women in the intervention group received breast-conserving surgery (28.6% vs 18.7%; P=.031) and radiation therapy (36.0% vs 19.0%; P=.003). Of women undergoing breast-conserving surgery, greater percentages in the case management group received adjuvant radiation (78.3% vs 44.8%; P=.001) and axillary dissection (71.4% vs 44.8%; P=.057). Women in the case management group were also more likely to receive more breast reconstruction surgery (9.3% vs 2.6%, P=.054), and women in the case management group with advanced cancer were more likely to receive chemotherapy (72.7% vs 30.0%, P=.057). Two months after surgery, higher percentages of women in the case manager group had normal arm function (93% vs 84%; P=.037) and were more likely to state that they had a real choice in their treatment (82.2% vs 69.9%, P=.020). Women with indicators of poor social support were more likely to benefit from nurse case management. Conclusion: Nurse case management results in more appropriate management of older women with breast cancer.
Kinetics of Iodination: VI. EFFECT OF SOLVENT ON HYDROXYL IONIZATION AND IODINATION OF l-TYROSINE AND 3-IODO-l-TYROSINE

Abstract The effects of varying polarity of solvent on the hydroxyl pK and on the rates of iodination of tyrosine and monoiodotyrosine have been studied by spectrophotometric techniques. When methanol replaces water to 50% (v/v), ΔpKa for the hydroxyl group is +0.74 for tyrosine and +1.29 for monoiodotyrosine. The pKa of the hydroxyl group of each compound correlates well with the dielectric constant of the solvent. When the observed rates of iodination of the two phenolic derivatives are corrected for varying iodide and hydrogen ion concentrations in the system according to appropriate pre-equilibria, increasing concentrations of methanol decrease the rate constant of iodination of tyrosine more than that of monoiodotyrosine. The data for tyrosine again correlate well with theoretical considerations of the dielectric constant of the solvent, but the data for monoiodotyrosine do not. It is concluded that the nonpolar environment favors diiodination relative to monoiodination, which may have biological significance in the case of the nonpolar internal environment of thyroglobulin.
InAlAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE)

The authors report an InAlAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) with an InP etch-stop layer grown entirely by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE). CBE has demonstrated the ability to grow these HBTs in a single, uninterrupted growth sequence. The devices demonstrated uniform DC characteristics that were insensitive to device geometry and perimeter effects. The offset voltage and current ideality factors indicated that rather complex injection mechanisms are occurring in the base-emitter junction. RF performance was limited by parasitic RC charging times and by the transit-time through the thick base-collector depletion region. >
Arithmetic of Gamma, Zeta and Multizeta Values for Function Fields

In the advanced course given at Centre de Recerca Matem`atica, consisting of twelve hour lectures from 22 February to 5 March 2010, we described results and discussed some open problems regarding the gamma and zeta functions in the function field context. The first four lectures of these notes, dealing with gamma, roughly correspond to the first four lectures of one and half hour each, and the last three lectures, dealing with zeta, cover the last three two-hour lectures. Typically, in each part, we first discuss elementary techniques, then easier motivating examples with Drinfeld modules in detail, and then outline general results with higher-dimensional t-motives. Lecture 4 is independent of Lecture 3, whereas the last part (last three lectures) is mostly independent of the first part, except that the last two lectures depend on Lecture 3. At the end, we include a guide to the relevant literature.
Computer Interface for Data Acquisition and Control of an SMA 12/60

We present an approach to the computer enhancement of the "SMA 12/60" (Technicon Instruments Corp.). Practical and theoretical considerations led to a plugcompatible system, which did not require changes in the hydraulics or methodology of the SMA. Results obtained from eight channels of the SMA using the system as described show that a sample analysis rate of 120 per hour is feasible. A desirable consequence of the increased analysis rate is a 60% decrease in the required sample volume. Before the system can be used in a clinical environment, further development will be necessary, including detection algorithms for hydraulic malfunction.
Enteropathogenic E. coli non‐LEE encoded effectors NleH1 and NleH2 attenuate NF‐κB activation

Enteric bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade host immune defences. Some pathogens deliver anti-inflammatory effector molecules into the host cell cytoplasm via a type III secretion system (T3SS). Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) inhibits inflammation by an undefined, T3SS-dependent mechanism. Two proteins encoded outside of the EPEC locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, non-LEE-encoded effector H1 (NleH1) and H2 (NleH2), display sequence similarity to Shigella flexneri OspG, which inhibits activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory effects of EPEC were mediated by NleH1 and NleH2. In this study, we examined the effect of NleH1/H2 on the NF-κB pathway. We show that NleH1/H2 are secreted via the T3SS and that transfection of cells with plasmids harbouring nleH1 or nleH2 decreased IKK-β-induced NF-κB activity and attenuated TNF-α-induced degradation of phospho-IκBα by preventing ubiquitination. Serum KC levels were higher in mice infected with ΔnleH1H2 than those infected with WT EPEC, indicating that NleH1/H2 dampen pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. ΔnleH1H2 was cleared more rapidly than WT EPEC while complementation of ΔnleH1H2 with either NleH1 or NleH2 prolonged colonization. Together, these data show that NleH1 and NleH2 function to dampen host inflammation and facilitate EPEC colonization during pathogenesis.
Group Work as an Essential Contribution to Transforming School Counseling.

Professional school counselor roles have changed over time in response to societal needs and professional initiatives. Although school counselors consistently have been involved in group work, the intent of that involvement has changed. New ways of viewing group work can enable school counselors to engage in roles related to leadership, advocacy, and collaboration while continuing to provide direct services to students. This article provides recommendations for intentional group involvement.
The Impact of Ge Grading on the Bias and Temperature Characteristics of SiGe HBT Precision Voltage References

We analyze the effects that the Ge profile shape has upon the bias and temperature characteristics of SiGe HBT's. The widely used bandgap reference (BGR) design equation and a more general analytical expression we developed incorporating Ge grading are used to compare silicon devices to their SiGe counterparts. Measurement and simulation show that although the Ge-ramp effect is negligible in the -55 to 85 °C range, it can become important as the temperature drops, perhaps affecting the operation of SiGe circuits in the 77 K regime.
Massively parallel acceleration of a document-similarity classifier to detect web attacks

This paper describes our approach to adapting a text document similarity classifier based on the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) metric to two massively multi-core hardware platforms. The TFIDF classifier is used to detect web attacks in HTTP data. In our parallel hardware approaches, we design streaming, real time classifiers by simplifying the sequential algorithm and manipulating the classifier's model to allow decision information to be represented compactly. Parallel implementations on the Tilera 64-core System on Chip and the Xilinx Virtex 5-LX FPGA are presented. For the Tilera, we employ a reduced state machine to recognize dictionary terms without requiring explicit tokenization, and achieve throughput of 37 MB/s at a slightly reduced accuracy. For the FPGA, we have developed a set of software tools to help automate the process of converting training data to synthesizable hardware and to provide a means of trading off between accuracy and resource utilization. The Xilinx Virtex 5-LX implementation requires 0.2% of the memory used by the original algorithm. At 166 MB/s (80X the software) the hardware implementation is able to achieve Gigabit network throughput at the same accuracy as the original algorithm.