cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 26

Abstract Evaluated spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies are presented for 26 O, 26 F, 26 Ne, 26 Na, 26 Mg, 26 Al, 26 Si, 26 P, and 26 S. This evaluation for A = 26 supersedes the earlier one by P. M. Endt (1998En04) and updates for some nuclides in ENSDF. Highlights of this evaluation are the following: This evaluation includes search results for 26 S nuclide and its proton–decay mode (2011Fo08). An isomeric state (2.2 ms) in 26 F has been discovered by 2013Le03. The state is proposed at 643.4 keV 1 from γ –ray measurements. Internal-transition and beta-decay branches for the state are also determined. New excited levels in 26 Ne have been identified from 26 F β − decay (2.2 ms). For some 26 Si resonance states conflicting spin-parity assignments exist in the literature. These are identified by footnotes. 2015Do07 ( 3 He,n γ ) propose the first 0+ state above proton separation energy at an excitation energy of 5890 keV and suggested for additional independent measurements to confirm or refute the existence of 5946 keV 4 . 2016Ch09 consider 5946 keV level as a distinct excited state in their reanalysis of the literature data with possible spin-parity assignment of 0+ or 4+ This evaluation also includes discovery of an isomeric state, at 164.1 keV 1 , in 26 P by 2014NiZZ.
Stock Price Clustering and the Cross-Sectional Determinants——Empirical Evidence from Shanghai Stock Exchange 180 Index Components

Using the high-frequency data of Shanghai Stock Exchange 180 index components,this paper provides insightful studies on the price clustering phenomena of Chinese stock markets.The last decimal points of transaction prices and quoting prices of the sample stocks are found to significantly cluster on digits 0,5 and 8.The clustering frequency can be explained partly by some trading variables such as transaction price,return standard deviation,market capitalization and liquidity of the stocks.After controlling for variations of these variables,quotes farther away from the best queues display stronger clustering patterns and may carry less information.
Study on acute toxicity and genotoxicity of Moringa oleifera lam leaves

Objective To evaluate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of moringa oleifera lam leaves. Ensure safety Moringa oleifera lam leaves, for the Moringa oleifera lam leaves directly as food safety evaluation data provided. Methods The acute toxicity test,Ames test,micronucieus test and sperm shape abnornality test were performed to evaluate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of Moringa oleifera lam leaves in Hainan. The dose of10.0g/kg bw was chosen for the acute toxicity tests,and the mice were observed for 14 days. The doses of 8,40,200,1 000 and 5 000μg /plate were chosen for the Ames test. The treated plates were cultured at 37 ℃ for 48h,the number of bacterial colony was counted. The doses of 0.83,1.67and 3.33g/ kg were used for the micronucleus test. The number of micronucleus of bone marrow cell was counted,the types and numbers of sperm shape abnormality were assessed. Results The oral MTD of Moringa oleifera lam leaves on male or female mice was over 10.0g/kg.bw in this experiment condition. Ames test,micronecleus test and sperm shape abnormality test were negative. Conclusion Moringa oleifera lam leaves in Hainan was considered non-toxic chemical according to acute toxicity and showed no genotoxicity in this experimental design.
Axon Counts Yield Multiple Options for Triceps Fascicular Nerve to Axillary Nerve Transfer

Purpose To evaluate the relative axonal match between potential donor and recipient nerves, so that maximal reinnervation potential may be reached with the least chance of donor site morbidity. Methods In 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens, the main trunk and anterior, posterior, sensory and teres minor branches of the axillary nerve were identified, as were the radial nerve branches to the long, medial, and lateral heads of the triceps. The swing distances of the triceps fascicular nerve branches and the axillary nerve branches relative to the inferior border of the teres major muscle were recorded. Histomorphological analysis and axon counts were performed on sections of each branch. Results The median number of axons in the main axillary trunk was 7,887, with 4,052, 1,242, and 1,161 axons in the anterior, posterior, and teres minor branches, respectively. All specimens had a single long head triceps branch (median, 2,302 axons), a range of 1 to 3 branches to the medial head of the triceps (composite axon count, 2,198 axons), and 1 to 3 branches to the lateral head of the triceps (composite average, 1,462 axons). The medial and lateral head branches had sufficient swing distance to reach the anterior branch of the axillary nerve in all 10 specimens, with only 4 specimens having adequate long head branch swing distances. Conclusions It is anatomically feasible to transfer multiple branches of the radial nerve supplying the medial, lateral, and sometimes, long head of the triceps to all branches of the axillary nerve in an attempt to reinnervate the deltoid and teres minor muscles. Clinical relevance Understanding the axon counts of the different possible transfer combinations will improve operative flexibility and enable peripheral nerve surgeons to reinnervate for both abduction and external rotation with the highest donor/recipient axon count ratios.
A robust scheme for iris segmentation in mobile environment

With the advent of mobile ocular biometrics and ocular human-computer interactions (HCI), recent research has been focused on iris localization in the visible spectrum. Existing studies suggest that performance of the ocular HCI and biometric systems significantly degrades due to inaccurate iris segmentation, especially when operating in uncontrolled mobile environment which causes variations such as motion blur, specular reflection and illumination variation. This paper proposes a iris segmentation algorithm for visible spectrum which is based on the combination of K-means clustering and Daugman's integro-differential algorithm. Experimental investigation on the publicly available VISOB dataset prove the efficacy of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that iris segmentation increases 4 folds compared to Daugman's and 3.5 folds compared to Masek's methods. The proposed method also executes 5 times faster than Daugman's and 8 times faster than Masek's methods.
Hardwiring Bedside Shift Report

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this project was to increase nurse compliance with bedside report and increase patient satisfaction scores.BACKGROUNDBedside report is an evidence-based practice used to increase patient involvement in their care and improve patient satisfaction. A change management strategy
The Costs and Benefits of Adjunct Justice: A Critique of Brennan and Magness

In their controversial 2016 paper in this journal, Brennan and Magness argue that fair pay for part-time, adjunct faculty would be unaffordable for most colleges and universities and would harm students as well as many adjunct faculty members. In this critique, I show that their cost estimates fail to take account of the potential benefits of fair pay for adjunct faculty and are based on implausible assumptions. I propose that pay per course for new adjunct faculty members should be tied to pay per course for new full-time non-tenure track instructors or to pay per course for new assistant professors. That framework for adjunct faculty justice yields an aggregate cost range of $18.5–$27.9 billion, one-third to one-half lower than the range computed by Brennan and Magness. Its opportunity cost would not be borne by students since students and faculty are complements, not substitutes, in the educational process. Instead it could be financed by reducing spending on non-educational purposes. Current adjunct faculty members would be protected from job displacement in this justice framework. The real obstacle to achieving justice for adjunct faculty is the priorities of university administrators, not budget constraints or opportunity costs.
The Role of Firms in Gender Earnings Inequality: Evidence from the United States

This paper documents that in the US, men are more likely than women to work in both high-wage firms and high-wage industries. I then ask why this sorting occurs. I consider two main explanations: men and women have different preferences, and men and women have different opportunities. Through the lens of a simple random search model, I find that the dominant explanation for sorting is differences in opportunities. One implication of this result is that women are at firms that offer better nonpay characteristics, and this plays an important role in explaining the gender earnings gap.
Shared decision-making tool for thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation - A feasibility study.

Abstract Background Appropriate thromboprophylaxis for patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF) remains a national challenge. Methods We hypothesized that a shared decision-making interaction facilitated by an A trial F ibrillation S hared D ecision M aking Tool (AFSDM) would improve patient knowledge about atrial fibrillation, and the risks and benefits of various treatment options for stroke prevention; increase satisfaction with the decision-making process; improve the therapeutic alliance between patient and the clinical care team; and increase medication adherence. Using a pre- and post-visit study design, we enrolled 76 patients and completed 2 office visits and 1-month telephone follow-up for 65 patients being seen in our Arrhythmia Clinic over the 1-year period (July 2016 through June 2017). Our primary outcome measure was change in decisional conflict between the first and second clinical visit. Results Decisional conflict decreased from an average of 31 to 9. Mean change was 22.3 (95% CI, 25.7 - 37.1), corresponding to an effect size of 0.94 standard deviations. Satisfaction with decision increased from 4.0 to 4.5, measures of therapeutic alliance with the care team (Kim Alliance scale) increased from 100.1 to 103.1, and satisfaction with provider increased from 4.2 to 4.5 (P Conclusions A shared decision-making interaction, facilitated by an AFSDM can significantly improve multiple measures of decision-making quality, leading to improved medication adherence and patient satisfaction.
Improving performance of breast cancer risk prediction using a new CAD-based region segmentation scheme.

Objective of this study is to develop and test a new computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme with improved region of interest (ROI) segmentation combined with an image feature extraction framework to improve performance in predicting short-term breast cancer risk. A dataset involving 570 sets of "prior" negative mammography screening cases was retrospectively assembled. In the next sequential "current" screening, 285 cases were positive and 285 cases remained negative. A CAD scheme was applied to all 570 "prior" negative images to stratify cases into the high and low risk case group of having cancer detected in the "current" screening. First, a new ROI segmentation algorithm was used to automatically remove useless area of mammograms. Second, from the matched bilateral craniocaudal view images, a set of 43 image features related to frequency characteristics of ROIs were initially computed from the discrete cosine transform and spatial domain of the images. Third, a support vector machine model based machine learning classifier was used to optimally classify the selected optimal image features to build a CAD-based risk prediction model. The classifier was trained using a leave-one-case-out based cross-validation method. Applying this improved CAD scheme to the testing dataset, an area under ROC curve, AUC e 0.70±0.04, which was significantly higher than using the extracting features directly from the dataset without the improved ROI segmentation step (AUC e 0.63±0.04). This study demonstrated that the proposed approach could improve accuracy on predicting short-term breast cancer risk, which may play an important role in helping eventually establish an optimal personalized breast cancer paradigm.
Dietary Motivation and Hedonic Hunger Predict Palatable Food Consumption: An Intensive Longitudinal Study of Adolescents.

Background Understanding interactions between stable characteristics and fluctuating states underlying youth's food choices may inform methods for promoting more healthful food intake. Purpose This study examined dietary motivation and hedonic hunger as interacting predictors of adolescents' consumption of palatable foods. Methods Intensive longitudinal data were collected from 50 adolescents (aged 13-18) over 20 days. Participants completed a measure of dietary motivation at baseline and reported on hedonic hunger and palatable food consumption via a smartphone app at the end of each day. Results Results indicated that 66.7% of the variability in hedonic hunger was between-person (BP) and 33.3% was within-person (WP). BP hedonic hunger was positively associated with fatty food consumption (β = 0.28, p < .05), and WP hedonic hunger was positively associated with starchy food consumption (β = 0.38, p < .0001). Autonomous motivation was negatively associated with consumption of fast foods (β = -0.14, p < .05). Significant cross-level interactions were found: WP hedonic hunger and controlled motivation were positively associated with starchy food consumption, and WP hedonic hunger and autonomous motivation were negatively associated with fast food consumption. Conclusions Findings indicated that hedonic hunger has the potential to fluctuate, and conceptualization of the variable as both trait and state may be most appropriate. Adolescents with controlled dietary motivation may be vulnerable to the influence of hedonic hunger and prone to eating higher quantities of starchy foods. Adolescents with autonomous dietary motivation may be less vulnerable to hedonic hunger and less likely to consume fast food.
Workload Characterization for Enterprise Disk Drives

The article presents an analysis of drive workloads from enterprise storage systems. The drive workloads are obtained from field return units from a cross-section of enterprise storage system vendors and thus provides a view of the workload characteristics over a wide spectrum of end-user applications. The workload parameters that have been characterized include transfer lengths, access patterns, throughput, and utilization. The study shows that reads are the dominant workload accounting for 80% of the accesses to the drive. Writes are dominated by short block random accesses while reads range from random to highly sequential. A trend analysis over the period 2010–2014 shows that the workload has remained fairly constant even as the capacities of the drives shipped has steadily increased. The study shows that the data stored on disk drives is relatively cold—on average less than 4% of the drive capacity is accessed in a given 2h interval.
FDA analysis of enrollment of older adults in clinical trials for cancer drug registration: A 10-year experience by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

10009Background: Older adults are a growing segment of our oncology population, with an expected increase in cancer incidence of 67% from 2010 to 2030 in people age 65 and older. However, older adu...
Increased Left Ventricular Mass Index Is Associated With Compromised White Matter Microstructure Among Older Adults

Background Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is associated with cerebrovascular disease and cognitive decline. Increased LV mass index is a subclinical imaging marker that precedes overt LV hypertr...
Neuroendocrine Response to Microwave/Radiofrequency Energies

To maintain homeostasis, a mammal possesses two control mechanisms that react to changes in internal and external environments (stimuli or stress). These two control mechanisms are the neural and endocrine systems. Separation of endocrine from neural control is not always possible as neural signals are integrated at the hypothalamus to react to deviations in the internal or external environments. Hypothalamic-hypophysial-adrenocortical (HHA), hypothalamic-hypophysial-thyroidal (HHT), and hypothalamic-hypophysial-somatotrophic (HHS) are three endocrine systems that participate in the “stress” response. Generally, they operate through a negative feed-back mechanism.
Photo-Controlled Release of NO and CO with Inorganic and Organometallic Complexes

The photochemical delivery of bioactive small molecules to physiological targets provides the opportunity to control the location, timing, and dosage of such delivery. We will discuss recent developments of the synthesis and studies of various metal complexes designed for targeted release of the bioregulatory diatomics nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Of considerable interest are those systems where the NO or CO precursor and/or the photochemical product is luminescent such that imaging techniques allow one to identify the release location.
47-OR: IDENTIFICATION OF CLASS I AND CLASS II HLA EPITOPES IN TYPE 1 DIABETES

Aim Disease susceptibility for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is strongly associated with the inheritance of specific HLA alleles. However, weak HLA associations may not be detected because many alleles are relatively rare and disparate alleles that have similar peptide-binding sites (shared epitopes) are not included. Methods We developed an R-based Epitope Analysis Program that can detect every possible epitope of 1-4 amino acids in the peptide-binding groove. The amino acids did not have to be contiguous. The number of individuals carrying at least one copy of the epitope was compared with the number of people not carrying the epitope. Results Two class I epitopes were most associated with T1D susceptibility: C 67 in the HLA-B locus ( p = 1.7 x 10 −6 , OR = 1.93) and IYH 95,113,184 in the HLA-C locus ( p = 9.2 x 10 −5 , OR = 1.84). Stronger associations were found with class II, including DRB1 H 13 ( p = 4.2 x 10 −57 ) and K 71 ( p = 6.0 x 10 −36 , OR = 3.59), DQA1 S 26 ( p = 1.0 x 10 −80 , OR = 7.15) and DQB1 A 57 ( p = 1.3 x 10 −87 , OR = 12.1). DRB1 R 13 ( p = 3.9 x 10 −34 , OR = 0.15), DRB1 A 71 ( p = 3.5 x 10 −36 , OR = 0.11), DQA1 Y 80 ( p = 2.3 x 10 −51 , OR = 0.22) and DQB1 D 57 ( p = 7.1 x 10 −97 , OR = 0.11) were strongly associated with resistance. A dominant resistance phenotype was seen for people bearing a protective HLA epitope, even in the presence of a susceptibility epitope. In addition, early disease onset was associated with significantly greater numbers of susceptibility epitopes and significantly fewer resistance epitopes ( p & Conclusions Identifying HLA epitopes associated with T1D may lead to a better understanding of genetic susceptibility and help predict peptides that trigger autoimmunity. Download full-size image
Surgical Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Redo Cardiac Operations

With improving surgical care yielding better outcomes, patients who have undergone a cardiac operation are surviving longer, and surgeons will inevitably face an increasing number of reoperative procedures whether it is for surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) or other cardiac pathology. General approaches to reoperation and resternotomy are covered in other sections, but it is worth emphasizing that approximately 10% of all adult cardiac operations involve a redo sternotomy, which carries an 8% risk of significant hemorrhage (J Am Coll Surg 206: 993–9, 2008). Thus, it is important to weigh the potential risks and benefits of additional procedures, such as ablation of AF, in these patients who have higher than normal morbidity and mortality.
The effect of hydrocortisone and thyroxine on development of calcium homeostasis in embryonic intestinal epithelium.

Cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration of epithelial cells from 14-day embryonic chick duodena decreased during 72 h of organ culture to a value 54% of that found at 17 days in vivo. The ability of cells to maintain a constant Ca2+ concentration when challenged with high extracellular calcium was also significantly reduced. Addition of 1 μM hydrocortisone during culture restored both parameters of Ca2+ homeostasis to that of 16-day uncultured duodena, and rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ was significant within 4 h of hormone treatment. Thyroxine influenced epithelial Ca2+ similarly, but to a lesser degree and only after 48–72 h of culture. These data indicate that glucocorticoids, and possibly thyroid hormones, influence the development of calcium homeostasis in intestinal epithelium.
Parallel programming with Coq: map and reduce skeletons on trees

SyDPaCC is a set of libraries for the Coq interactive theorem prover. It allows to develop correct functional parallel programs on distributed lists based on the transformation of naive sequential programs that are considered as specifications. To offer the parallelization of functions on other data structures, the first step is to implement a parallel version of the considered data structure and to provide parallel implementations of primitive functions manipulating it. This paper presents such a first step: a binary tree extension which includes new map and reduce pure functional algorithmic skeletons for binary trees. Such algorithmic skeletons are templates of parallel algorithms, realized in a functional context as higher-order functions implemented in parallel. The use of these new primitives is illustrated on example applications.
Patient Input for Design of a Decision Support Smartphone Application for Type 1 Diabetes

Background:Decision support smartphone applications integrated with continuous glucose monitors may improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We conducted a survey to understand trends and...
The lobose amebas

Summary A brief review of the establishment and characterization of the Genus Vexillifera Schaeffer , 1926, is followed by a description of nine new species in that Genus: Vexillifera telma n. sp.; Vexillifera arionoides n. sp.; Vexillifera filopodia n. sp.; Vexillifera variabilis n. sp.; Vexillifera minuta n. sp.; Vexillifera subula n. sp.; Vexillifera anapes n. sp.; Vexillifera displacata n. sp. and V. spinosa n. sp. The distinctions of the new species compared to other species of the Genus are discussed, as well as the distinctions of the Genera Vexillifera Schaeffer , 1926, Oscillosignum Bovee , 1953 and Subulamoeba Bovee , 1953, with clarification of those Genera.
A spectrophotometric approach for determining sporangium and zoospore viability of Plasmopara viticola

A spectrophotometric method for determining the viability of sporangia and zoospores of the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (causal agent of grapevine downy mildew) is described and evaluated to overcome the limitations of currently available methods for assessing propagule viability. Sporangia produced on leaf discs in the laboratory were harvested at different days after the initiation of sporulation (DAS) to yield differences in sporangium viability. Sporangia were suspended in sterile water, the suspensions were placed in a cuvette, and sporangium germination was monitored in a spectrophotometer (λ = 600 nm) at 2‐ to 3‐min intervals for 5 hr. Absorbance started to increase after sporangia were suspended in water for ~30–60 min followed by major peak(s) for younger sporangia (1–3 DAS), whereas low to no increase in absorbance was observed for senescent sporangia (>7 DAS). Microscopic observation confirmed that the increase in absorbance corresponded to the release and active swimming of zoospores, whereas absorbance decreased when zoospores encysted and settled. A positive correlation (r = .839, p = .0365) was observed when the time to the initial increase in absorbance was plotted against the age of sporangia. The time to the absorbance peak (marking the time of maximum zoospore movement) was shortest for immature sporangia (0 DAS), longest for young sporangia (2 DAS) and decreased for mature and senescent sporangia. A similar pattern was observed for the standardized area under the absorbance curve (indicating the overall quantity of zoospores released), for which values were lowest for immature and senescent sporangia, highest for young sporangia and intermediate for mature sporangia. Consistent patterns obtained across two independent experiments suggest that the method is reproducible and may be further developed for other zoospore‐releasing pathogens.
Spatiotemporal Control of Pathway Sensors and Cross-Pathway Feedback Regulate a Cell Differentiation MAPK Pathway in Yeast

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways control cell differentiation and the response to stress. MAPK pathways can share components with other pathways yet induce specific responses through mechanisms that remain unclear. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the MAPK pathway that controls filamentous growth (fMAPK) shares components with the MAPK pathway that regulates the response to osmotic stress (HOG). By exploring temporal regulation of MAPK signaling, we show here that the two pathways exhibited different patterns of activity throughout the cell cycle. The different patterns resulted from different expression profiles of genes encoding the mucin sensors (MSB2 for fMAPK and HKR1 for HOG). We also show that positive feedback through the fMAPK pathway stimulated the HOG pathway, presumably to modulate fMAPK pathway activity. By exploring spatial regulation of MAPK signaling, we found that the shared tetraspan protein, Sho1p, which has a dynamic localization pattern, induced the fMAPK pathway at the mother-bud neck. A Sho1p-interacting protein, Hof1p, which also localizes to the mother-bud neck and regulates cytokinesis, also regulated the fMAPK pathway. Therefore, spatial and temporal regulation of pathway sensors, and cross-pathway feedback, regulate a MAPK pathway that controls a cell differentiation response in yeast.
'No Look' Attorneys' Fees and the Attorneys Who are Looking: An Empirical Analysis of Presumptively Approved Attorneys' Fees in Ch. 13 Bankruptcies and a Proposal for Reform

This article presents original empirical research on the issue of “No Look” or presumptively approved attorneys’ fees in consumer Chapter 13 bankruptcy cases. 11 U.S.C. section 330 requires court approval of attorneys’ fees. Courts are frequently unable to address the volume of applications if individual review were required. As such, many courts have set presumptively approved attorneys’ fees in which the attorneys’ fees for routine services are approved administratively. Circuits are split as to whether this practice can be rationalized with existing case law, the Bankruptcy Code or legislative intent. The study examines the practices of each Bankruptcy Court and finds a haphazard tapestry of fees, policies and procedures. To address these issues, the article proposes specific language to amend section 330 by adding a new subsection (G).
Clinical and Neuroimaging Features of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Stereotactic Laser Ablation for Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Single Institutional Series.

Objective We describe our single-institutional experience with magnetic resonance−guided stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent pediatric brain tumors. Methods Eighteen consecutive ablation procedures were performed in 17 patients from March 2016−April 2020. Patient demographics, indications, procedures, neuroimaging features, and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Results Seventeen patients (mean age of 11.4 years, 11 boys, 6 girls) underwent SLA with a mean follow-up of 24 months (range: 3–45 months). Tumor histologies included pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 5), ganglioglioma (n = 3), low-grade glioma not otherwise specified (n = 4), glioblastoma (n = 2), meningioma (n = 1), medulloblastoma (n = 1), and metastatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (n = 1). SLA was first-line therapy in 10 patients. Mean procedure duration including anesthesia time was 328 minutes (range: 244–529 minutes), and mean postoperative length of stay was 1.5 days (range 1–5 days). The complication rate was 29%, which included 3 patients who experienced postoperative motor changes, which resolved within several weeks of surgery, 1 patient with self-limited intraoperative bradycardia and hypotension, and 1 patient who died postoperatively due to intracranial hemorrhage from a distant lesion. Twelve of 17 patients had a neuroimaging response after SLA (4 complete responses, 8 partial responses, 1 stable disease). Percentage of tumor shrinkage from baseline ranged from 33%−100% (mean 75%). Patients with low-grade glioma exhibited the best responses to SLA (range 3%−100% decrease; mean 90%; 36% complete response rate). Conclusions SLA is a minimally invasive modality for the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent low-grade pediatric brain tumors. Low-grade glioma exhibited the best responses. Identification of ideal candidates for SLA, mitigation of perioperative complications, and demonstration of long-term outcomes need to be better defined in a clinical trial setting.
Islet autoantibody types mark differential clinical characteristics at diagnosis of pediatric type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND We aimed to study whether islet autoantibody type marks differential characteristics at the time of type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis. METHODS We studied 711 children with newly diagnosed autoimmune T1D. We compared demographic (sex, age, race/ethnicity), clinical (pubertal development, BMI percentile, diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA]) and laboratory (glucose, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], C-peptide, tissue transglutaminase antibodies [tTGA], thyroglobulin antibodies, and thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPOA]) characteristics by presence/absence of autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), GAD65 (GADA), or IA-2/ICA512 (IA-2A). Islet autoantibody titers were evaluated among the children positive for the relevant autoantibody type. We used multivariable analysis to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS IAA+ was statistically associated with younger age (p 50 U/mL) (OR = 0.21, p = 0.026) but not with age, IAA status, IA-2A status, islet autoantibody number, or thyroid autoimmunity. None of the associations with IA-2A positivity was statistically significant in the multivariable analysis. In multivariable models, IAA titer was significantly associated with younger age (p = 0.006), DKA (p = 0.017) and higher tTGA levels (p = 0.002); GADA titer with female sex (p = 0.028), racial minority (p = 0.046) and TPOA positivity (p = 0.021); and IA-2A titer with older age (p = 0.001) and not being African American (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Islet autoantibody type is associated with differential characteristics at diagnosis of pediatric T1D. Longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to evaluate T1D endotypes by autoantibody type.
Impacts of COVID-19 on residential building energy use and performance

Following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise in cases across the United States, the typical daily routines of millions were disrupted as the country attempted to control the spread of the virus. As a result, homes became makeshift offices, classrooms, restaurants, and entertainment centers. With these changes in how residential buildings are used, surveys and grid-level studies have been conducted to understand how energy use has shifted due to the pandemic. However, there are limited efforts that review the impact of energy use at the household level. In this study, high-resolution, disaggregated data is analyzed to measure the shifts in electricity use related to HVAC loads, non-HVAC loads, and whole-home loads in a comparison of 225 housing units over the years of 2018-2020. Key findings from the analyses indicated increased electricity use during periods that occupants would usually be away from home. The most percent increases in non-HVAC residential loads occurred between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m.; HVAC loads increasing in total daily consumption compared to the same average daily temperatures of previous years. Additionally, dividing the data by household income, the lowest income and higher income households experienced the larger increases in consumption, while the middle income groups experience smaller shifts.
The limits to growth

Abstract This article summarizes the current issues in the ‘limits to growth’ controversy. It argues that the debate is meaningless unless participants define world growth, specify the non-substitutable natural resources essential to world growth and the outlook for their availability, and rigorously examine whether growth, as opposed to no growth, must inevitably reduce the productivity of the environmental assets that make life possible. It also concludes that the timeframe for limits to growth should be finite — no more than a century — since uncertainties with respect to technology and physical developments are so great as to make predictions to the indefinite future valueless.
The Backward Shift on the Hardy Space

Introduction Classical boundary value results The Hardy spaces of the disk The Hardy spaces of the upper-half plane The backward shift on $H^p$ for $p \in [1,\infty)$ The backward shift on $H^p$ for $p \in (0,1)$ Bibliography Index.
The Pendulum Swings Back

In the previous chapter, we returned to the equation of the forced pendulum $$ y'' + a \sin y = e, $$ assuming now that the forcing term e: R → R is a continuous T-periodic function, but not necessarily an odd function as it was in Chapter 5. It will be convenient to remember that \( a = \tfrac{g} {\ell } \) where g is the gravitational constant and l is the length of the pendulum, and therefore a > 0.
Mice Lacking the TNF 55 kDa Receptor Fail to Sleep More After TNFα Treatment

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a well characterized sleep-regulatory substance. To study receptor mechanisms for the sleep-promoting effects of TNF, sleep patterns were determined in control and TNF 55 kDa receptor knock-out (TNFR-KO) mice with a B6 × 129 background after intraperitoneal injections of saline or murine TNFα. The TNFR-KO mice had significantly less baseline sleep than the controls. TNFα dose-dependently increased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in the controls but did not influence sleep in TNFR-KO mice. Although TNFR-KO mice failed to respond to TNFα, they had an increase in NREMS and a decrease in rapid eye movement sleep after interleukin-1β treatment. These results indicate that TNFα affects sleep via the 55 kDa receptor and provide further evidence that TNFα is involved in physiological sleep regulation. Current results also extend the list of species to mice in which TNFα and interleukin-1β are somnogenic.
Brane/antibrane dynamics and KKLT stability

String theory has few or no stable nonsupersymmetric or de Sitter vacua, only metastable ones. Antibranes are a simple source of supersymmetry breaking, as in the KKLT model, but various arguments have been given that these fail to produce the desired vacua. Proper analysis of the system requires identifying the correct eective eld theories at various scales. We nd that it reproduces the KKLT conclusions. This
An HTFFR kinetics study of the reaction between BCl and O2 from 540 to 1670 K

Abstract A method for the production of BCl in flow systems has been developed and used for the study of the title reaction in a high-temperature fast-flow reactor (HTFFR). The temperature dependence of the rate coefficients is described by the expression k(T) = 2.2 × 10 −11 exp (−4620 K/ T ) cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , consistent with a single reaction mechanism for the given temperature range. These k(T) values are larger than those observed for the isoelectronic AlCl+O 2 and BF+O 2 reactions.
Mechanisms underlying type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is considered to be an autoimmune disease, where auto-aggressive T cells infiltrate the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and play an important role by specifically destroying the insulin-producing beta-cell population. To date numerous lines of evidence coming from both mouse models and patients with autoimmune diabetes underline the high complexity of the mechanisms underlying the disease, which is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental and dysregulatory mechanisms that might vary considerably from patient to patient. This review aims to provide some understanding of how T1D occurs and can be prevented in humans.
The Effects of Decorin and HGF-Primed Vocal Fold Fibroblasts In Vitro and Ex Vivo in a Porcine Model of Vocal Fold Scarring

Objectives: Vocal fold injury can be irreversible, leading to vocal fold scarring, with permanent functional effects and no optimal treatment. A porcine model of vocal fold scarring was used to test effects of decorin and primed vocal fold fibroblasts in vitro using a cell migration assay and immunoblotting, and by using functional measurements of porcine larynges and excised porcine vocal folds. Methods: In vitro: primary pig vocal fold fibroblasts (PVFFs) were subjected to cell migration assays (scratch) and treated with decorin 20 μg/mL, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) 200 ng/mL, epidermal growth factor (EGF) 1 nM, or transforming growth factor-β1 10 ng/mL. Cells also underwent decorin dose response testing. Scratch assays were analyzed in MetaMorph® Imaging; cell lysates were processed for MMP-8 and type I collagen content. Eleven pigs underwent unilateral vocal fold stripping procedures. At day 3 postoperatively, subjects underwent superficial injection into the affected vocal fold either with decorin 20 μg/mL or 1 × 106 HGF-primed fibroblasts. Larynges were harvested and either used for ex vivo laryngeal testing or for rheological testing. Results: Scratch assay indicated significantly reduced cell migration in PVFFs treated with decorin or HGF. MMP-8 production was increased (P <0.01) and collagen was decreased in cells treated with decorin at increasing doses. Viscoelastic measurements suggested somewhat increased stiffness for decorin treated samples. Ex vivo aerodynamic testing suggested improved vocal efficiency scores in decorin-treated larynges. Conclusions: Decorin has a noticeable effect on PVFF migration in vitro and appears to increase vocal fold stiffness but either does not change or slightly increases vocal efficiency. Laryngoscope, 2010
Two faces of active learning

An active learner has a collection of data points, each with a label that is initially hidden but can be obtained at some cost. Without spending too much, it wishes to find a classifier that will accurately map points to labels. There are two common intuitions about how this learning process should be organized: (i) by choosing query points that shrink the space of candidate classifiers as rapidly as possible; and (ii) by exploiting natural clusters in the (unlabeled) data set. Recent research has yielded learning algorithms for both paradigms that are efficient, work with generic hypothesis classes, and have rigorously characterized labeling requirements. Here we survey these advances by focusing on two representative algorithms and discussing their mathematical properties and empirical performance.
Eating Disorders Treatment Patterns by Age

This longitudinal, retrospective study examines patterns in eating disorder outpatient mental health treatment by age. Participants (n = 5,445) included patients treated for an eating disorder, with claims for treatment from Cigna, a leading health care insurance provider in the United States. Treatments for individuals 55 and older were less expensive and shorter than for any other age group. Treatments for individuals 44–55 were less expensive than for 15–24. Individual therapy is the most common treatment modality, but younger individuals are likely to receive family therapy. Younger individuals have lower dropout and higher return to care rates.
Simulation Sensitivity Analysis Using Frequency Domain Experiments

In this paper we review frequency domain experiments (FDE) for simulation sensitivity analysis and contrast it with conventional methodology. With very few runs of the model (often one or two runs is sufficient), FDE can be used to gain information on which factors significantly influence the performance of the simulated system. Two examples are given which illustrate some of the fundamental differences between frequency domain and conventional run-oriented analysis.
Effects of arousal and information about its source upon attitude change

Abstract An experiment tested the hypotheses that (1) an increase in physiological arousal will increase the attitude change that results from a convincing communication and (2) an increase in physiological arousal whose source is not known will increase the attitude change from a convincing communication more than an increase in arousal whose source is known. It was found, in support of hypothesis 1, that the amount of attitude change produced by a convincing communication was greater when S s were given caffeine and told it was an analgesic than when they were given a placebo and told it was an analgesic. In support of hypothesis 2, it was found that attitude change was greater when Ss were given caffeine and told it was an analgesic than when they were given caffeine and told it was a stimulant.
Kidney and liver living donors: a comparison of experiences.

Background—Living donor kidney transplantation is considered a safe and effective means to treat end-stage renal disease, and has now exceeded the number of deceased donor kidney transplantations performed annually. Living donor liver transplantation is more controversial and has received criticism in the medical and lay community. Studies focus on recipient outcomes and medical safety. The impact of the donation on donors is not well understood.Objective—To compare experiences from both kidney and liver living donors, including their motivation, perceived risks, and postoperative experience.Methods—Questionnaires about the donation experience were mailed to 70 patients who underwent laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and 85 patients who underwent hepatectomy at a large academic medical center. Results of kidney and liver donors were compared.Results—No differences were found in mean age, marital status, ethnicity, relationship to the recipient, and employment status of the 2 groups. Women were more prevalent...
Securities Analysts' Behavior and IPO Initial Return Rate in China Based on Quantile Regression

This article attempts to study IPO initial return rate from the perspective of securities analysts' behavior. The report data released by analysts before listing day during listing year of A-share market IPO companies (from 2004 to 2006) are selected. After studying the characteristics of prediction error and dispersion of opinion, OLS, WLS and Quantile Regression are used to sub-examine the effect of the analysts' behavior on IPO initial return rate. The results show that analysts' earnings forecasts for each period tends to be optimistic in general, long-term predictive ability is poor, and the prediction opinions are rather consistent, There is a positive relationship between forecast times and initial return rate, while a negative relationship among the number of following, the average of the forecast period, energy dispersal degree. Therefore, analysts should be more cautious and responsible to predict and provide investors with better service.
Thoria-Based Cermet Nuclear Fuel: Cermet Fabrication and Behavior Estimates

Cermet nuclear fuels have been demonstrated to have significant potential to enhance fuel performance because of low internal fuel temperatures and low stored energy. The combination of these benefits with the inherent proliferation resistance, high burnup capability, and favorable neutronic properties of the thorium fuel cycle produces intriguing options for advanced nuclear fuel cycles. This paper describes aspects of a Nuclear Energy Research Initiative (NERI) project with two primary goals: (1) evaluate the feasibility of implementing the thorium fuel cycle in existing or advanced reactors using a zirconium-matrix cermet fuel, and (2) develop enabling technologies required for the economic application of this new fuel form. Critical elements in the demonstration of this new fuel form include developing low-cost fabrication methods and characterizing the cermet properties and important performance parameters. A powder-in-tube drawing and heat treatment process is being evaluated as an alternative to hot extrusion. In this method, zirconium metal and ceramic microspheres are mixed, poured into a Zircaloy shell, and compacted into simulated fuel pins. Important processing variables being evaluated include the amount of compaction required to achieve a desired matrix density and the inter-drawing thermal treatment temperature required to achieve adequate matrix fusion and grain growth.
The Tri-Sector Environment of Social Work Administration: Applying Theoretical Orientations

This article presents a framework integrating theoretical concepts and reform movements that shape the contemporary environment of social work administration. The framework incorporates several major environmental forces including issues of authority, market exchange and community cooperation, and new public management influences promoting market-based management, privatization, and downsized government.
Intracellular localization of a chalcogenapyrylium dye probed by spectroscopy and sites of photodamage.

Abstract— Site(s) of intracellular localization of a photosensitizing chalcogenapyrylium dye were assessed using murine luekemia cells in culture. While the dye exhibited substantial dark toxicity, additional damage was elicited by irradiation. The fluorescence emission spectrum of intracellular dye suggests an initial moderately hydrophobic site of localization (dielectric constant approx. 20). This might represent a membrane interface. But longer incubations led to alterations in both fluorescence emission and absorbance spectra, indicative of both dye migration to a more hydrophilic cellular site and dye biotransformations. Dye-induced cytotoxicity, in either light or dark, was associated with mitochondrial, rather than membrane damage.
American Indian Ethnic Identity: Tribal Nonresponse in the 1990 Census*

Objectives. About 11 percent of American Indians did not report their tribal affiliation on the 1990 U.S. Census form. I use several theoretical perspectives as tools to explore the reasons behind this surprising omission. Method. Logistic regression analysis is the method employed. Results. American Indians living with someone who speaks an American Indian language are very likely to report a tribal affiliation, as are those living in “Indian states” (states with historically high numbers of American Indians). Those who are least likely to report a tribal affiliation are Hispanic women with low education who report no American Indian ancestry, do not live with other American Indians, and live in a metropolitan area of a “non-Indian state.” Conclusions. Lack of knowledge of family history appears to be one of the primary causes of tribal nonresponse. Salience of tribal identity also affects responses.