cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Expanded Self is a More Capable Self: The Association between Self-concept Size and Self-efficacy

The self-expansion model states that an expanded self-concept is associated with an increased sense of self-efficacy. We conducted four studies (three correlational, one experimental) to test this central tenet of the self-expansion model in a non-relational context. Results indicate that self-concept size (Studies 1 and 2) and subjective sense of self-concept (Study 3) were positively associated with greater self-efficacy. In Study 4, individuals who were randomly assigned to physically expand a representation of their self-concept reported greater self-efficacy at resolving potential problems than those who contracted a self-representation or left it unchanged. Taken together, these four studies provide the first empirical evidence that expanded self-concepts lead to greater self-efficacy.
Design automation in IBM

Within the context of the changing design requirements of digital systems spanning the semiconductor era, this paper describes the significant steps in the development of Design Automation technology in IBM. We cover the design tools which support the design of the electronic portion of such systems. The paper emphasizes the systems approaches taken and the topics of design verification, test generation, and physical design. Descriptions of the technical contributions and interactions which have led to the unique characteristics of IBM's Design Automation systems are included.
Flow injection on-line acid digestion and pre-reduction of arsenic for hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry-a feasibility study.

A flow injection (FI) manifold is described which makes possible on-line microwave-assisted acid digestion, followed by pre-reduction of As(V) to As(III) and its determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The merging zone technique is used in order to reduce acid consumption for digestion. The efficiency of acid digestion is increased by pressure which is built up in-line by a flow restrictor. Flows for sample pretreatment and hydride generation can be optimized independently. L-cysteine was found superior to potassium iodide as the pre-reductant because much lower reagent and acid concentrations are required, much harsher conditions can be tolerated for acid digestion, and the integrated absorbance signals for arsenic in blood and standards are essentially identical, making possible the use of the standard calibration procedure. The sampling frequency is 7–10/hr, depending on the conditions chosen, and the limit of detection, i.e. the concentration giving a signal equal to three times the standard deviation of the signal of the blank solution, is 0.25 μg/l for a 500 μl sample volume. The recovery of 10 μg/l As(V) added to a blood sample was 94 ± 2 and 98 ± 2% (n = 3) in absorbance and integrated absorbance, respectively.
A protein expressed in the growth cones of embryonic vertebrate neurons defines a new class of intermediate filament protein

We have isolated and characterized cDNAs that encode a protein expressed in the axons and growth cones of a subset of Xenopus embryonic neurons. The protein is also expressed in a subset of cells of the brain, including cells in even-numbered rhombomeres, the eye, and the heart. The sequence of the cDNA suggests that the protein belongs to a new class of neural-specific intermediate filaments. Both the RNA and the protein are expressed in the neurula and persist during embryogenesis in the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord. Because of the predicted structure of the protein, we have named it tanabin (from the Persian word for rope).
Application of Design Scenarios Methodology to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Transparent Parametric Design Spaces

AbstractQuality designs generally emerge from a conceptual design process that generates and communicates large design spaces of objectives, alternatives, impacts, and values. Parametric modeling is a popular means for generating large alternative spaces; however, it is difficult to use effectively when the other spaces are not well generated. In this study, a framework for measuring design space clarity and quality is applied to traditional nonparametric practice—and to two applications of parametric modeling—on high-rise projects. The framework reveals deficiencies in both the quality and clarity of the design spaces that building designers are able to construct using traditional and parametric methods. A fourth industry case study illustrating the application of a formal methodology called design scenarios developed to address these shortcomings is described. The case studies illustrate the potential for significant impact that parametric modeling can have on the overall conceptual design process perfo...
Direct Patterning Of Polyimide By Pulsed Electron Beams In Soft Vacuum

We recently reported on a proximity, flood exposure process using pulsed electron beams.1 We showed replication of 0.5 um feature sizes from an electron transmitting stencil mask on to 3 um PMMA film via 28 KV pulsed electron beams produced in air and helium at 50 mTorr. In this paper, we describe the direct patterning of a commercial polyimide spin coated on a silicon wafer and cured at 100°C by exposure to 28 KV pulsed electron beams (current pulse duration 500 nsec, FWHM and 100 pulses) produced in 50 mTorr air and helium. The exposed region of polyimide cross-linked and the region covered by the 7 um line on the electron microscope grid used as stencil mask was unaffected. Patterning was completed by wet development in N-methylpyrolidone at 21°C for 15 secs. We present developed thickness vs exposure characteristics and SEM photographs of developed patterns.
Energy-scalable pulsed mid-infrared source using orientation-patterned GaAs

We demonstrate a five-fold increase in the energy of mid-infrared pulses from an optical parametric oscillator by amplification in an optical parametric amplifier using OPGaAs. Our approach represents an energy-scalable mid-infrared pulse source.
Brain MR spectroscopic abnormalities in “MRI-negative” tuberous sclerosis complex patients

Abstract Since approximately 5–10% of the ~ 50,000 tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patients in the US are “MRI-negative,” our goal was to test the hypothesis that they nevertheless exhibit metabolic abnormalities. To test this, we used proton MR spectroscopy to obtain and compare gray and white matter (GM and WM) levels of the neuronal marker, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the glial marker, myo-inositol (mI), and its associated creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) between two “MRI-negative” female TSC patients (ages 5 and 43 years) and their matched controls. The NAA, Cr, Cho and mI concentrations, 9.8, 6.3, 1.4, and 5.7 mM, in the pediatric control were similar to those of the patients, whereas the adult patient revealed a 17% WM NAA decrease and 16% WM Cho increase from their published means for healthy adults — both outside their respective 90% prediction intervals. These findings suggest that longer disease duration and/or TSC2 gene mutation may cause axonal dysfunction and demyelination.
Lower Head of the Bed Position Does Not Change Blood Flow Velocity in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is commonly used to monitor for vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Changes in head of the bed (HOB) positions alter blood flow velocities measured by TCD in patients with ischemic stroke. However, the effects of HOB position on the velocities of the cerebral blood flow have not been studied in aSAH patients. We measured the middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean flow velocity (MFV) in consecutive patients with aSAH using TCD with the HOB positioned at 30°–45° and then at 0°–15°. We also collected information on intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood pressure at the time of the TCD studies. Our aim was to determine if changes in HOB position affect MFV in patients with aSAH. We analyzed 35 TCD studies in 19 patients (mean age 53 ± 13 years). Thirteen studies (37%) showed ultrasonographic evidence of vasospasm. Systolic arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and ICP were not significantly affected by HOB position. The mean MFV of the MCA was 101.0 ± 47.3 cm/s with 0°–15° HOB position versus 100.1 ± 46.8 cm/s with 30°–45° HOB position (P = 0.77 on paired t test). HOB position did not have a significant influence on MFV regardless of the presence of vasospasm. HOB position did not significantly affect MFV in our patients with aSAH.
Does an Early College Readiness Signal Discourage College Application and Enrollment

States are currently seeking ways to improve alignment between K–12 and postsecondary education and better prepare students for postsecondary schooling. Some states have begun implementing policies that inform high school students that they are not ready for college-level courses well before they graduate, in order to give both notice and time to prepare. However, if the early information from these tests suggests that a student may require remedial coursework upon entry to college, the student may be discouraged from attending college. This article focuses on one state's effort to increase students’ information about college readiness. Regression discontinuity design is used to determine whether a student receiving a signal that he/she needs remediation lowers the probability of that student applying to or enrolling in participating universities. Results indicate that the policy has had little to no impact on application and no impact on enrollment.
Cancer incidence in the Puerto Rican-born population of Connecticut.

There are few published reports on cancer incidence in the Puerto Rican-born populations of the northeastern United States. In Connecticut, in the Puerto Rican-born population, which was of low socioeconomic status (i.e., 42% below the poverty level in the 1980 Census), the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all invasive cancers diagnosed in 1980-1986 was significantly reduced for female patients (SIR = 0.77) but not for male patients (SIR = 1.16), on the basis of expected numbers derived from incidence rates for the entire state of Connecticut. For female patients, only the SIR for cancers of the stomach, esophagus, and cervix were elevated significantly, whereas those for colorectal, lung, breast, and ovarian cancer were significantly reduced. For male patients, SIR were elevated significantly for cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus, and stomach and for leukemia, whereas none of the sites (including lung) had significantly reduced SIR. When incidence rates for Puerto Rico were used, the SIR for all sites combined was 1.99 (95% confidence interval = 1.78-2.22) for male patients but only 1.39 (95% confidence interval = 1.24-1.56) for female patients. These findings suggest sex differences in acculturation and lifestyle changes relevant to cancer risks in immigrants from Puerto Rico residing in Connecticut. Comparisons were made with cancer incidence and mortality data from other Puerto Rican immigrant populations.
An integrated interface for proactive, experience-based design support

Many case-based reasoning systems have been developed to aid designers by providing them with libraries of prior design experiences. Traditionally, these systems are implemented as stand-alone ``external memories'' for the designer to query manually. This paper presents a contrasting approach that integrates proactive case retrieval into the designer's normal task processes, automatically tailoring information selection and presentation emphasis to fit changing designer needs and attention flow. The paper presents a set of principles for this integrated intelligent design support and describes their application in the Stamping Advisor, a system to support design feasibility analysis for sheet metal automotive parts. The Stamping Advisor interface proactively provides designers with relevant information to support feasibility analysis, automatically prepares their information products, and unobtrusively gathers the information needed to generate new cases to improve the quality of future support.
Cyclopropenone (c-H2C3O): A New Interstellar Ring Molecule

The three-carbon keto ring cyclopropenone (c-H2C 3O) has been detected largely in absorption with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) toward the star-forming region Sagittarius B2(N) by means of a number of rotational transitions between energy levels that have energies less than 10 K. Previous negative results from searches for interstellar c-H2C3O by other investigators attempting to detect rotational transitions that have energy levels ~10 K or greater indicate no significant hot core component. Thus, we conclude that only the low-energy levels of c-H2C3O are populated because the molecule state temperature is low, suggesting that c-H2C3O resides in a star-forming core halo region that has a widespread arcminute spatial scale. Toward Sagittarius B2(N), the GBT was also used to observe the previously reported, spatially ubiquitous, three-carbon ring cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2 ), which has a divalent carbon that makes it highly reactive in the laboratory. The presence of both c-C3H2 and c-H2C3O toward Sagittarius B2(N) suggests that gas-phase oxygen addition may account for the synthesis of c-H 2C3O from c-C3H2. We also searched for but did not detect the three-carbon sugar glyceraldehyde (CH2OHCHOHCHO).
Analysis of Exhaled Volatile Compounds Following Acute Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion in a Pilot Rat Study

Background Prompt diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) requires a high index of suspicion for timely management. Poor clinical outcomes and delays in surgical treatment are demonstrated even in modern clinical series. Recognition of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) specific to AMI may facilitate early detection and diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Methods Adult Wistar rats ( n = 5) were intubated and anesthetized, and control tracheostomy breath samples were collected using Tedlar gas sample bags. Intestinal ischemia was induced by placing an occlusive clip across the superior mesenteric artery, and breath samples were collected after 1 hour of intestinal ischemia and after 15 minutes of intestinal reperfusion. Gas chromatography was used to identify and measure levels of VOCs obtained, and measured retention indices were compared with known values in the Kovats retention index database. Results Multiple retention indices ( n = 41) were noted on gas chromatography, representing a variety of VOCs detected. Z,Z-farnesol (C15H26O), an isoprenoid, was the only compound detected that was undetectable during the control phase (median = 0 cts/sec) but which significantly elevated during the ischemic (median = 34 cts/sec, range = 25-37) and reperfusion (median = 148 cts/sec, range = 42-246) phases. Three other isoprenoid compounds (E,E-alpha-farnesene, germacrene A, and Z,Z-4,6,8-megastigmatriene) were also detected in all five animals, but their levels did not differ significantly between control, ischemic, and reperfusion phases. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing exhaled VOCs using a novel rat model for AMI. These findings may be useful for the development and identification of similar assays for the rapid diagnosis of AMI.
A comparison of the hinge and near-hinge flow fields of the St Jude medical hemodynamic plus and regent bileaflet mechanical heart valves.

Abstract Objective: The most widely implanted prosthetic valves are the mechanical bileaflets, most of which have good forward flow hemodynamics. However, recent clinical experiences illustrate the importance of understanding the flow structures generated within the hinge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hinge-flow dynamics of two new variations of a 17-mm St Jude Medical bileaflet valve: the Hemodynamic Plus and the Regent (St Jude Medical, Inc, St Paul, Minn). Methods: Clinical quality reproductions of the valves were manufactured with clear housings. Laser Doppler velocimetry velocity and turbulent shear stress measurements were conducted within the hinge and thumbnail regions of the valves. Results: In the 17-mm Hemodynamic Plus hinge, a rotating flow structure developed in the inflow pocket during forward flow. During systole, velocities through the hinge pocket reached 0.70 m/s, and the turbulent shear stress reached 1000 dynes/cm 2 . In the thumbnail, forward flow velocities ranged from 1.4 m/s to 1.7 m/s. In the 17-mm Regent hinge, a rotating flow structure partially developed in the inflow pocket during forward flow. During systole, velocities through the hinge pocket reached 0.75 m/s, and the turbulent shear stress reached 1300 dynes/cm 2 . In the thumbnail, forward flow velocities ranged from 1.0 m/s to 1.3 m/s. Conclusions: The active leaflet motion through the St Jude Medical hinge creates a washout pattern that restricts the persistence of stagnation zones and thus may be a contributing factor to its successful clinical performance. The hinge and thumbnail flow dynamics of the 17-mm Regent valve are at least equivalent to, and possibly superior to, those of the 17-mm Hemodynamic Plus valve. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:83-93)
The Effect of Incorporation of SDF-1α into PLGA Scaffolds on Stem Cell Recruitment and the Inflammatory Response

Despite significant advances in the understanding of tissue responses to biomaterials, most implants are still plagued by inflammatory responses which can lead to fibrotic encapsulation. This is of dire consequence in tissue engineering, where seeded cells and bioactive components are separated from the native tissue, limiting the regenerative potential of the design. Additionally, these interactions prevent desired tissue integration and angiogenesis, preventing functionality of the design. Recent evidence supports that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can have beneficial effects which alter the inflammatory responses and improve healing. The purpose of this study was to examine whether stem cells could be targeted to the site of biomaterial implantation and whether increasing local stem cell responses could improve the tissue response to PLGA scaffold implants. Through incorporation of SDF-1α through factor adsorption and mini-osmotic pump delivery, the host-derived stem cell response can be improved resulting in 3X increase in stem cell populations at the interface for up to 2 weeks. These interactions were found to significantly alter the acute mast cell responses, reducing the number of mast cells and degranulated mast cells near the scaffold implants. This led to subsequent downstream reduction in the inflammatory cell responses, and through altered mast cell activation and stem cell participation, increased angiogenesis and decreased fibrotic responses to the scaffold implants. These results support that enhanced recruitment of autologous stem cells can improve the tissue responses to biomaterial implants through modifying/bypassing inflammatory cell responses and jumpstarting stem cell participation in healing at the implant interface.
Comparative analysis of posterior fusion constructs as treatments for middle and posterior column injuries: An in vitro biomechanical investigation

Abstract Background Titanium pedicle screw–rod instrumentation is considered a standard treatment for spinal instability; however, the advantages of cobalt-chromium over titanium is generating interest in orthopedic practice. The aim of this study was to compare titanium versus cobalt–chromium rods in posterior fusion through in vitro biomechanical testing. Methods Posterior and middle column injuries were simulated at L3–L5 in six cadaveric L1-S1 human spines and different pedicle screw constructs were implanted. Specimens were subjected to flexibility tests and range of motion, intradiscal pressure and axial rotation energy loss were statistically compared among five conditions: intact, titanium rods (with and without transverse connectors) and cobalt–chromium rods (with and without transverse connectors). Findings All fusion constructs significantly ( P P > 0.05) were observed in axial rotation among all conditions. Intradiscal pressure significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.01) after fusion, except for the cobalt–chrome conditions in extension ( P ≥ 0.06), and no significant differences ( P > 0.99) were found among fixation constructs. In terms of energy loss, differences became significant P ≤ 0.05 between the cobalt − chrome with transverse connector condition with respect to the cobalt–chrome and titanium conditions. Interpretation There is not enough evidence to support that the cobalt–chrome rods performed biomechanically different than the titanium rods. The inclusion of the transverse connector only increased stability for the cobalt–chromium construct in axial rotation.
Effect of Chronic Hyperinsulinism on Metabolic Parameters and Histopathology in Rats Fed Sucrose or Starch

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chronic hyperinsulinism on metabolic risk factors and on the histopathologic changes in the heart and aorta of rats fed sucrose or starch diets for 8 months. Hyperinsulinism was attained by the subcutaneous implantation of osmotically driven minipumps partially coated with paraffin so as to deliver 3 units/day of porcine insulin for up to 4 weeks. Control rats were implanted with pumps containing 1.6% glycerol. There were initially 12 rats each in four groups of rats; sucrose-insulin, sucrose-control, starch-insulin, starch- control. Nonfasted blood insulin levels obtained every 3 weeks from the tail vein av eraged 553, 156, 426, and 107 Â?lU/mlin sucrose-insulin, sucrose-control, starch-insulin, and starch-control rats, respectively. Sucrose-fed rats had greater body weight, deposited more body fat, and had higher levels of nonfasting insulin and glucose and 6-hour fasted triglycA©ridethan did starch-fed rats. Rats receiving insulin had greater body weight and removable fat weight, higher levels of nonfasting and fasting insulin and lower level of nonfasting glucose than did rats not receiving insulin. Neither hyperinsulinism nor the type of dietary carbohydrate significantly affected the amount of blood cholesterol. Histopathology of the heart and aorta revealed no unique changes above those commonly observed in laboratory rats as a function of age. J. Nutr. 113: 1073-1080, 1983.
Internal consistency, intercriterion overlap and diagnostic efficiency of criteria sets for DSM-IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders

Grilo CM, McGlashan TH, Morey LC, Gunderson JG, Skodol AE, Tracie SM, Sanislow CA, Zanarini MC, Bender D, Oldham JM, Dyck I, Stout RL. Internal consistency, intercriterion overlap and diagnostic efficiency of criteria sets for DSM-IV schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Objective: To evaluate performance characteristics of DSM-IV Personality Disorders (PDs) criteria. Method: Six hundred and sixty-eight adults recruited for the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (CLPS) were assessed with diagnostic interviews. Results: Within-category inter-relatedness was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and median intercriterion correlations (MIC). Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.47 to 0.87 (median = 0.71); seven of the 10 PDs had alphas greater than 0.70. Between-category criterion overlap was evaluated by inter-category' intercriterion correlations between all PD pairs (ICMIC). ICMIC values (median = 0.08) were lower than MIC values (median = 0.23). Diagnostic efficiency statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power and negative predictive power were calculated for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PDs. Conclusion: DSM-IV PD criteria sets have some convergent validity and discriminant validity: criteria for individual PDs correlate better with each other than with criteria for other PDs. Diagnostic efficiency statistics provide guidance regarding usefulness of criteria for inclusion or exclusion.
The Case of the Missing Childhoods Methodological Notes for Composing Children in Writing Studies

Writing studies has been an intellectual playground dominated by the “big kids.” If we are to understand how writing becomes “relevant” to children as children, then we must study them, not for who they are becoming, but for who they are in life spaces shared with other children. This essay on the methodology entailed in studying writing in young school children’s worlds rests on a cultural studies perspective on childhoods and plays with a sociocultural perspective on literacy development. The methodological challenges entail (a) researcher positionality that allows a dynamic, multilayered view of classroom contexts; (b) data collection decisions allowing one to trace the trajectories of official and unofficial (child-controlled) communicative practices and their interplay; (c) a socially embedded view of the semiotics and functionality of literacy; and (d) a global consciousness that constrains a long-standing rush to generalization based on observational studies of Western, often privileged children.
Desflurane is not associated with faster operating room exit times in outpatients.

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the influence of anesthetic technique and primary drug on operating room (OR) exit time (time between end of surgery until time patient exists the OR) after addition of desflurane to the hospital formulary. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Ambulatory surgery unit of a university hospital. Patients: 1,568 outpatients requiring anesthesia. Interventions: Addition of desflurane to the hospital formulary, and substitution of desflurane vaporizers for enflurane vaporizers in the ambulatory surgery unit. Measurements and Main Results: The following information was recorded for all anesthetic encounters over a six-month time interval: demographics, duration of surgery, primary anesthetic technique, primary anesthetic drug, and exit times. General anesthesia was used in 907 patients [desflurane: 209 patients, isoflurane: 429 patients, halothane: 192 patients, propofol: 72 patients, other intravenous (IV): 5 patients], major conduction anesthesia (spinal and epidural) in 43 patients, peripheral nerve blocks in 90 patients, and IV sedation in 528 patients. The exit time was significantly greater ( p p p p Conclusion: Regional anesthesia and IV sedation were associated with faster OR exit times compared with general anesthesia. Despite desflurane's shorter elimination kinetics and recovery characteristics, use of this drug did not result in shorter exit times.
Semantic based categorization, browsing and retrieval in medical image databases

Content-based retrieval (CBIR) methods in medical databases have been designed to support specific tasks, such as retrieval of digital mammograms or 3D MRI images. These methods cannot be transferred to other medical applications since different imaging modalities require different types of processing. To enable content-based queries in diverse collections of medical images, the retrieval system must be familiar with the current image class prior to the query processing. We describe a novel approach for the automatic categorization of medical images according to their modalities. We propose a semantically based set of visual features, their relevance and organization for capturing the semantics of different imaging modalities. The features are used in conjunction with a new categorization metric, enabling "intelligent" annotation, browsing/searching of medical databases. Our algorithm provides basic semantic knowledge about the image, and may serve as a front-end to the domain specific medical image analysis methods. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we have designed and implemented an Internet portal for browsing/querying online medical databases, and applied it to a large number of images. Our results demonstrate that accurate categorization can be achieved by exploiting the important visual properties of each modality.
Early biases and developmental changes in self-generated object views.

Object recognition depends on the seen views of objects. These views depend in part on the perceivers’ own actions as they select and show object views to themselves. The self-selection of object views from manual exploration of objects during infancy and childhood may be particularly informative about the human object recognition system and its development. Here, we report for the first time on the structure of object views generated by 12 to 36 month old children (N = 54) and for comparison adults (N = 17) during manual and visual exploration of objects. Object views were recorded via a tiny video camera placed low on the participant’s forehead. The findings indicate two viewing biases that grow rapidly in the first three years: a bias for planar views and for views of objects in an upright position. These biases also strongly characterize adult viewing. We discuss the implications of these findings for a developmentally complete theory of object recognition.
Variants in the CDKN2B and RTEL1 regions are associated with high grade glioma susceptibility

Margaret Wrensch and colleagues report a genome-wide association and replication study for high-grade glioma. They show that common variants in the CDKN2B and RTEL1 regions are associated with risk of this aggressive brain tumor. The causes of glioblastoma and other gliomas remain obscure1,2. To discover new candidate genes influencing glioma susceptibility, we conducted a principal component–adjusted3 genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 275,895 autosomal variants among 692 adult high-grade glioma cases (622 from the San Francisco Adult Glioma Study (AGS) and 70 from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA))4 and 3,992 controls (602 from AGS and 3,390 from Illumina iControlDB (iControls)). For replication, we analyzed the 13 SNPs with P < 10−6 using independent data from 176 high-grade glioma cases and 174 controls from the Mayo Clinic. On 9p21, rs1412829 near CDKN2B had discovery P = 3.4 × 10−8, replication P = 0.0038 and combined P = 1.85 × 10−10. On 20q13.3, rs6010620 intronic to RTEL1 had discovery P = 1.5 × 10−7, replication P = 0.00035 and combined P = 3.40 × 10−9. For both SNPs, the direction of association was the same in discovery and replication phases.
Pathology of intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn child

Abstract From a total of 317 autopsies of full-term and premature infants, 50 cases of intracranial hemorrhage are reported and discussed. The importance of a careful autopsy technic is stressed in order to avoid errors in statistics. A new classification of intracranial hemorrhages in the newborn is suggested. Prematurity as a predisposing factor is emphasized.
Water, population pressure, and ancient Indian migrations

A Preliminary Report on Environmental Factors Relating to some Prehistoric Indian Migrations in the Lower San Juan Valley Region, Northeastern Arizona
Process yields for laser repair of aged, stiction-failed, MEMS devices

Stiction, the adhesion of micromachined components to each other or the substrate, decreases production yields and operational lifetimes for MEMS devices. A recent study demonstrated the feasibility of using a Nd:YAG, 1063 nm laser to repair 2 /spl mu/m thick polycrystalline silicon microcantilevers with lengths up to 1000 /spl mu/m which had adhered to the substrate. This investigation examines the influence of sample age at the time of laser irradiation on the repair of stiction-failed MEMS structures. The operating conditions for the 1064 nm, Nd:YAG laser included a fluence of 70 mJ/cm/sup 2/, a repetition rate of 20 Hz, a pulse duration of 20 ns, and an exposure time of 60 s. For samples irradiated on the same day of release, repair yields were 100% for beams up to 500 /spl mu/m in length. For 1000 /spl mu/m long beams, the 10- and 30-/spl mu/m-wide cantilevers had same-day repair yields of 56% and 71%, respectively. The experimental results show that increasing the amount of time the microstructures are adhered to the substrate before laser irradiation decreases the ability to repair stiction-failed devices with delays of longer than 1 month resulting in a decreased repair yield.
Book Review: Make the Day Matter! Promoting Typical Lifestyles for Adults with Significant Disabilities

Editors: Pamela M. Walker and Patricia Rogan Reviewer: Courtney E. Rice Publisher: Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., 2007 Paperback, ISBN: 978-1-55766713-7, 162 pages Cost: $26.95 USD
Scanning Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid cytophotometry of Papanicolaou destained preparations

Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid cytophotometry of Papanicolaou destained specimens revealed a differential loss in Feulgen reactivity among human buccal and cervical smears, cultured embryonic lung fibroblasts and invasive cervical carcinoma cells. Loss in Feulgen reactivity in Papanicolaou destained fibroblasts and polyploid nuclei of malignant lesions was observed to result in underestimates of relative Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid and nuclear area values using scanning integrating microdensitometry. Thus, Papanicolaou stained preparations may not be suitable for deoxyribonucleic acid quantification of high ploidy lesions since distributional absorption error is unpredictably influenced by such factors as ploidy level, nuclear size, chromatin dispersion and differential aldehyde loss during destaining. Feulgen deoxyribonucleic acid cytophotometry of Papanicolaou stained preparations can be useful for differentiating benign from malignant lesions if extent of aneuploidy (as reflected in abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid frequency distribution profile) is used as a diagnostic indicator.
A geometric approach to subspace tracking

A geometric approach to the subspace tracking problem is introduced. We propose to use a dynamic model for subspace motion in the subspace estimation problem, and thereby make possible the estimation of signal subspaces over data collection intervals for which the subspace cannot be assumed constant. The development of the dynamic model requires the introduction of Grassmann manifolds or their equivalent, the spaces of N/spl times/N complex projection matrices of rank M. The geometry of these spaces, including representations of the tangent space and geodesic trajectories, is described. The problem of estimating a geodesic trajectory from a data sequence is set forth. The maximum-likelihood solution for the M=1 case is derived, under the assumption that the 2-dimensional subspace containing the geodesic is given.
Informed consent and the process of cadaver donation.

Abstract Context.—Informed consent entails more than signing a document. Ideally, it should involve a process in which individuals are given sufficient information to make a voluntary decision. Little is known about the process of informed consent for cadaver donation. Objective.—To assess existing consent procedures for cadaver donation in a sample of US medical schools. Design.—Cross-sectional survey and content analysis of informational brochures and consent forms given to potential cadaver donors. Setting and Participants.—The 22 largest medical schools in the United States, as ranked by the number of medical students in the Association of American Medical Colleges Institutional Profile System Annual Report 1995–1996. Main Outcome Measures.—Description of dissection procedure, information provided about dissection, and the process for obtaining consent. Results.—Of the 22 schools studied, 18 schools (82%) mentioned the altruistic nature of cadaver donation. Twenty-one schools (96%) specified that bodi...
A protocol to provide verifiable proof of identity and unforgeable transaction receipts

An identity verification scheme that uses a public authentication channel to validate a private authentication channel belonging to the individual who wishes to prove his identity is described. The user can prove his identity by demonstrating that he can authenticate (suitably chosen) messages in the private channel. It also provides certified receipts for transactions whose legitimacy can later be verified by impartial arbiters who do not need to be designated in advance or be involved in the transaction at the time it takes place. >
Effect of protocol and assessment device on isokinetic peak torque of the quadriceps muscle group

Abstract: Various devices and test protocols have been used during isokinetic assessment of human muscle performance. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of continuous and interrupted test protocols and test device on concentric quadriceps peak torque (PT) production. PT was measured via two commonly employed isokinetic test devices (Cybex II and Kin-Corn) and test protocols (interrupted (1) and continuous (C)). Thirty-one. male subjects ( x age 23.0 ± 2.07 years, x wt 78.2 ± 12.2 kg, x ht 177.8 ± 6.45 cm) were tested at 1.08 rad/s (60°/second), 48 h apart on each device in random order. Because the devices correct for gravity differently, gravity correction was eliminated from all test conditions. Preload and damp were applied in order to replicate clinical protocols as closely as possible. Intraclass correlation coefficients (2,3) (and standard errors of measurement) were 0.88(7.52 N , m) (I) and 0.91 (7.04 N , m) (C) for the Kin-Corn, and 0.98 (3.30 N , m) (I) and 0.92 (8.42 N. m) (C) for the Cybex. A 2 x 2 within subjects ANOVA demonstrated significant differences between Cybex (damped) and Kin-Corn (preload) PT measures (P 5 0.05). An interaction for device x protocol demonstrated greater peak torque values for the I protocol (Kin-Corn: 199.1 ± 44.9 N. m, Cybex: 181.7 ± 35.0 N .m) than for the C protocol (Kin-Com: 182.2 ± 35.5 N m, Cybex: 183.3 ± 33.9 N -m) (P < 0.05) for the Kin-Com although the Cybex values were the same. Although both the interrupted and continuous protocols demonstrate high reliability, the interrupted protocol results in higher quadriceps PT values for the Kin-Com. We conclude that selection of test protocol influences assessment of quadriceps PT when using the Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer.
Pseudopotentials for high-throughput DFT calculations

The increasing use of high-throughput density-functional theory (DFT) calculations in the computational design and optimization of materials requires the availability of a comprehensive set of soft and transferable pseudopotentials. Here we present design criteria and testing results for a new open-source “GBRV” ultrasoft pseudopotential library that has been optimized for use in high-throughput DFT calculations. We benchmark the GBRV potentials, as well as two other pseudopotential sets available in the literature, to all-electron calculations in order to validate their accuracy. The results allow us to draw conclusions about the accuracy of modern pseudopotentials in a variety of chemical environments.
The Regulation of Gene Expression in Transformed Maize Aleurone and Endosperm Protoplasts (Analysis of Promoter Activity, Intron Enhancement, and mRNA Untranslated Regions on Expression)

Gene expression in the aleurone and endosperm is highly regulated during both seed development and germination. Studies of alpha-amylase expression in the aleurone of barley (Hordeum vulgare) have generated the current paradigm for hormonal control of gene expression in germinating cereal grain. Gene expression studies in both the aleurone and endosperm tissues of maize (Zea mays) seed have been hampered because of a lack of an efficient transformation system. We report here the rapid isolation of protoplasts from maize aleurone and endosperm tissue, their transformation using polyethylene glycol or electroporation, and the regulation of gene expression in these cells. Adh1 promoter activity was reduced relative to the 35S promoter in aleurone and endosperm protoplasts compared to Black Mexican Sweet suspension cells in which it was nearly as strong as the 35S promoter. Intron-mediated stimulation of expression was substantially higher in transformed aleurone or endosperm protoplasts than in cell-suspension culture protoplasts, and the data suggest that the effect of an intron may be affected by cell type. To examine cytoplasmic regulation, the 5' and 3' untranslated regions from a barley alpha-amylase were fused to the firefly luciferase-coding region, and their effect on translation and mRNA stability was examined following the delivery of in vitro synthesized mRNA to aleurone and endosperm protoplasts. The alpha-amylase untranslated regions regulated translational efficiency in a tissue-specific manner, increasing translation in aleurone or endosperm protoplasts but not in maize or carrot cell-suspension protoplasts, in animal cells, or in in vitro translation lysates.
COORDINATORS: Coordination Managers for First Responders

COORDINATORs are coordination managers for fielded first responders. Each first response team is paired with a COORDINATOR coordination manager which is running on a mobile computing device. COORDINATORs provide decision support to first response teams by reasoning about who should be doing what, when, with what resource, in support of which other team, and so forth. COORDINATORs respond to the dynamics of the environment by (re)coordinating to determine the right course of action for the current circumstances. COORDINATORs have been implemented using wireless PDAs and proprietary first responder location tracking technologies. This paper describes COORDINATORs, the motivation for them, the underlying agent architecture, evaluation first response exercises, research issues, and next steps for more advanced cognitive COORDINATORs that learn and perform more sophisticated operations.
Age- and sex-specific normal values for shock index in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008 for ages 8 years and older.

Abstract Purpose Shock index (SI), the ratio of heart rate to systolic blood pressure, has found to outperform conventional vital signs as a predictor of shock. Although age-specific vital sign norms are recommended in screening for shock, there are no reported age- or sex-specific norms for SI. Our primary goal was to report age- and sex-specific SI normal values for a nationally representative population 10 years and older by 5-year age groups. A secondary goal was to report SI normal values for children ages 8 to 19 years by 1-year age groups. Basic procedures Weighted data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008 data sets were used to generate age- and sex-specific percentile curves of SI for subjects 8 years and older. Main findings The primary analysis included 33 906 subjects (101 837 weighted) 10 years and older. The secondary analysis included 13 393 subjects (37 983 weighted) 8 to 19 years old. Normalized SI values for each percentile decreased with increasing age and were higher for females across all ages. The most commonly cited SI threshold of 0.9 exceeded the 97th percentile for males younger than 25 years and for females younger than 40 years. Conclusions This first report of age- and sex-specific normal values for SI indicates that SI norms vary by age and sex. Just as age-specific vital sign norms are recommended in screening for shock, our findings suggest that age- and sex-specific SI norms may be more effective in screening for shock than a single-value threshold.
The low-lying electronic states of indium trimer

Abstract Multi-configuration SCF (MCSCF) followed by multi-reference singles+ doubles CI (MRSDCI) calculations which included up to 177000 configurations are carried out on seven low-lying electronic states of indium trimer ( 4 A 2 , 4 B 1 , 2 B 1 , 4 B 2 , Two nearly degenerate electronic states of 4 A 2 and 4 B 1 symmetries with isosceles triangular geometries are found as the candidates for the ground state. The spin-orbit effects are included through a relativistic configuration interaction method (RCI). The electronic states of In 3 are compared with Ga 3 . The bending potential energy surfaces of seven electronic states of In 3 are also obtained. The nature of bondings and potential energy surfaces are analyzed.
Magnetic stratigraphy and sedimentology of Holocene glacial marine deposits in the Palmer Deep, Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica: implications for climate change?

Abstract The Palmer Deep is a closed bathymetric depression on the Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf. It contains three separate sub-basins. These basins lie along a northeast–southwest axis with water depths ranging from >1400 m to the southwest (Basins II and III) to just over 1000 m to the northeast (Basin I). Six sediment piston cores were collected from the study region; these cores clearly demonstrate the varied sediment character for each basin. Sediments in Basin I are laminated and thinly bedded consisting of diatomaceous, pelagic/hemipelagic sediments, siliciclastic, terrigenous sediments, and ice rafted, hemipelagic sediments. In concurrence with other investigators, we propose that these laminations and thin beds represent climatically forced productivity cycles. Basin II and Basin III sediments alternate between pelagic/hemipelagic units and bio-siliceous mud turbidites. Correlations between cores are based on their remarkable magnetic susceptibility (MS) records which indicate alternating biogenic (low MS) and siliciclastic (high MS) dominated sedimentation; the bio-siliceous mud turbidites are characterized by intermediate to low MS values. Cores taken from within the main axis of the basins are expanded ultra-high resolution sections. A core collected on the sill between Basins II and III represents a condensed sediment section and may contain a complete Holocene record of changing paleoenvironments, one that records the transition from a glacial, ice shelf environment to an open marine, Holocene environment. A sharp drop in magnetic susceptibility at mid-core is a common sedimentological feature of each basin. Presently, we favor a climate change hypothesis for this magnetic lithostratigraphic transition which may reflect the termination of the Holocene Hypsithermal and a marked change in productivity dated ca. 2500 years BP.
Coordination of Diagnostic Efforts in the Great Plains: Wheat Virus Survey and Modeling of Disease Onset

Following the discovery of two new wheat virus diseases in the United States, the Great Plains region (Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming) of the National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) initiated a project to measure the prevalence of five wheat diseases using indirect ELISA. Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV), and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) were found in all nine states. WSMV was the most prevalent, averaging 23 to 47% of samples each year. TriMV and WMoV were detected with WSMV (in up to 76% of the samples). All three mite-transmitted viruses were present in 26% or fewer of the samples. Aphid-transmitted viruses in the barley yellow dwarf complex Barley yellow dwarf virus, and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV were less frequent (fewer than 65% of the samples). This paper presents the first case-control methodology paper using plant diagnostic laboratory data and the first signed diagnostic data-sharing agreement between the NPDN and its regulatory stakeholders. Samples collected when <700 cumulative degree-days base 0°C, were twice as likely to be virus negative. This proof-of-concept effort highlights the potential of the NPDN and its National Data Repository to develop knowledge about emerging diseases.