cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relative Influence of Birth Cohort and Social-Event Cohort in Adult Development: An Exploratory Study

The generic definition of cohort, i.e., an aggregate of individuals who experience a similar event within the same time interval, is invoked to derive two cohort-membership groups for each of two samples. Subjects were 1203 and 998 white, middle-aged males who participated in the Institute for Social Research panel study of income dynamics. This exploratory study investigated the relative explanatory power of birth-cohort membership, occupational-cohort membership, and occupational status for a set of four social psychological dependent variables. Occupational-cohort membership was one of the two stronger contributors to the explanation of the variance for each of the dependent variables.
Identification and characterization of basal and cyclic AMP response elements in the promoter of the rat GTP cyclohydrolase I gene.

5812 base pairs of rat GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) 5′-flanking region were cloned and sequenced, and the transcription start site was determined for the gene in rat liver. Progressive deletion analysis using transient transfection assays of luciferase reporter constructs defined the core promoter as a highly conserved 142-base pair GC-rich sequence upstream from the cap site. DNase I footprint analysis of this region revealed (5′ → 3′) a Sp1/GC box, a noncanonical cAMP-response element (CRE), a CCAAT-box, and an E-box. Transcription from the core promoter in PC12 but not C6 or Rat2 cells was enhanced by incubation with 8-bromo-cyclic AMP. Mutagenesis showed that both the CRE and CCAAT-box independently contribute to basal and cAMP-dependent activity. The combined CRE and CCAAT-box cassette was also found to enhance basal transcription and confer cAMP sensitivity on a heterologous minimal promoter. The addition of the Sp1/GC box sequence to this minimal promoter construct inhibited basal transcription without affecting the cAMP response. EMSA showed that nuclear proteins from PC12 but not C6 or Rat2 cells bind the CRE as a complex containing activating transcription factor (ATF)-4 and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β, while both PC12 and C6 cell nuclear extracts were recruited by the CCAAT-box as a complex containing nuclear factor Y. Overexpression of ATF-4 in PC12 cells was found to transactivate the GTPCH promoter response to cAMP. These studies suggest that the elements required for cell type-specific cAMP-dependent enhancement of gene transcription are located along the GTPCH core promoter and include the CRE and adjacent CCAAT-box and the proteins ATF-4, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β, and nuclear factor Y.
Intergrain Contact Density Indices for Granular Mixes—II: Liquefaction Resistance

Whether the presence of non-plastic silt in a granular mix soil impact its liquefaction potential and how to evaluate liquefaction resistance of sand containing different amounts of silt contents are both controversial issues. This paper presents the results of an experimental evaluation to address these issues. Two parameters, namely, equivalent intergranular void ratio (e c)eq and equivalent interfine void ratio (e f)eq, proposed in a companion paper (Thevanayagam, 2007) as indices of active grain contacts in a granular mix, are used to characterize liquefaction resistance of sands and silty sands. Results indicate that, at the same global void ratio (e), liquefaction resistance of silty sand decreases with an increase in fines content (C F) up to a threshold value (C Fth). This is due to a reduction in intergrain contact density between the coarse grains. Beyond C Fth, with further addition of fines, the interfine contacts become significant while the inter-coarse grain contacts diminish and coarse grains become dispersed. At the same e, the liquefaction resistance increases and the soil becomes stronger with a further increase in silt content. Beyond a limiting fines content (C FL), the liquefaction resistance is controlled by interfine contacts only. When C F < C Fth, at the same (e c)eq, the liquefaction resistance of silty sand is comparable to that of the host clean sand at a void ratio equal to (e c)eq. When C F > C Fth, at the same (e f)eq, the cyclic strength of a sandy silt is comparable to the host silt at a void ratio equal to (e f)eq.
A Satisficing Chance Constrained Model in the Portfolio Selection of Insurance Lines and Investments

This paper sets out a model that simultaneously determines insurers' satisficing compositions of their insurance and investment portfolios. This model can be explained as follows: different insurance lines and investments have different rates of return and different risks associated with those rates of return. Different insurers also have different, but satisfactory levels of return on equity and risk levels of violating the minimum requirement on cash and liquid assets. We propose a chance constrained programming approach to incorporate all of these factors in the portfolio analysis.
Uptake of 5-fluorouracil during isolated perfusion of the canine liver.

This study describes a technique of hepatic isolated perfusion in dogs. The uptake of 14 C-Iabeled 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) by the normal canine liver was fourfold greater when isolated perfusion was used than when peripheral intravenous administration or hepatic artery infusion were applied. Systemic leakage of 5-FU was small during, and even following, hepatic isolated perfusion. This technique, which maximizes chemotherapy delivery to the liver while minimizing systemic toxicity, may be useful in the treatment of primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies.
Effect of the Nature of the Templating Surfactant on the Synthesis and Structure of Mesoporous V−Mg−O

The mesostructured V−Mg−O was synthesized at room temperature using vanadium acetylacetonate and magnesium chloride as source materials. The effects of a number of factors, such as the nature of the surfactant, the pH, and the vanadium/magnesium molar ratio in the formation of mesoporous V−Mg−O phases were investigated for a fixed molar concentration of surfactant. The synthesized samples were examined by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) generated amorphous structures, while the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) generated lamellar mesoporous structures with various degrees of crystallinity. Equimolar mixtures of an anionic surfactant, SDS, and a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB), cetylpyridium bromide (CPB), and cetyltrimethylammoni...
Use of cardiac MRI for low gradient aortic stenosis

Conclusion The absence of response to dobutamine may not be enough to preclude the presence of myocardial reserve in low flow/low gradient aortic stenosis. This small cohort raises the question that CMR-DE may be needed in pts that do not respond to LDD since the presence of myocardial reserve may affect the management of these pts and has prognositic implications. from 13th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Phoenix, AZ, USA. 21-24 January 2010
Light interception and radiation use efficiency of okra and normal leaf cotton isolines

Abstract Okra-leaf cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) types have been reputed to produce equal or higher amounts of lint yield than normal-leaf types, while intercepting less or similar amounts of radiation. In this field study, okra- and normal-leaf cotton isolines were compared for their efficiency to produce dry matter utilizing intercepted radiation. At three weeks after first flower, the two leaf-shape isolines produced similar amounts of dry matter, with the okra-leaf type partitioning a larger fraction to fruiting organs. However, at the end of the season no differences in lint yield, yield components and fiber-quality properties were recorded between the two isolines. Fractional light interception throughout the period of the study was greater for the normal-leaf type compared to the okra-leaf type. The okra-leaf isoline utilized intercepted radiation more efficiently to produce dry matter. Values of radiation use efficiency were estimated at 1.897 and 2.636 g MJ −1 of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation for the normal- and okra-leaf types, respectively. Growth chamber studies revealed similar single leaf carbon exchange rates, therefore radiation use efficiency differences between the leaf shape isolines could be attributed to light interception characteristics.
Elevated Circulating Sensory Neuropeptide Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide(CGRP) in Umbilical Cord and Infant Blood Associated with Maternal and Neonatal Complications. † 1292

Elevated Circulating Sensory Neuropeptide Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide(CGRP) in Umbilical Cord and Infant Blood Associated with Maternal and Neonatal Complications. † 1292
Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography (CT) using a new implementation of wavelet denoising in low tube current acquisitions

Radiation dose reduction remains at the forefront of research in computed tomography. X-ray tube parameters such as tube current can be lowered to reduce dose; however, images become prohibitively noisy when the tube current is too low. Wavelet denoising is one of many noise reduction techniques. However, traditional wavelet techniques have the tendency to create an artificial noise texture, due to the nonuniform denoising across the image, which is undesirable from a diagnostic perspective. This work presents a new implementation of wavelet denoising that is able to achieve noise reduction, while still preserving spatial resolution. Further, the proposed method has the potential to improve those unnatural noise textures. The technique was tested on both phantom and animal datasets (Catphan phantom and timeresolved swine heart scan) acquired on a GE Discovery VCT scanner. A number of tube currents were used to investigate the potential for dose reduction.
Electron-electron interactions, coupled plasmon-phonon modes, and mobility in n-type GaAs.

This paper investigates the mobility of electrons scattering from the coupled system of electrons and longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons in n-type GaAs. The Boltzmann equation is solved exactly for low electric fields by an iterative method, including electron-electron and electron--LO-phonon scattering dynamically screened in the random-phase approximation (RPA). The LO-phonon self-energy is treated in the plasmon-pole approximation. Scattering from ionized impurities screened in static RPA is calculated with phase-shift cross sections and scattering from RPA screened deformation potential and piezoelectric acoustic phonons is included in the elastic approximation. The results show that dynamic screening and plasmon-phonon coupling significantly modify inelastic scattering at low temperatures and densities. The effect on mobility is obscured by ionized impurity scattering in conventionally doped material, but should be important in modulation doped structures. For uncompensated bulk n-type GaAs, the RPA phase-shift model for electron-impurity scattering gives lower drift mobilities than the standard Thomas-Fermi or Born calculations, which are high compared to experiment. Electron-electron scattering lowers the mobility further, giving improved agreement with experiment, though discrepancies persist at high donor concentrations (ng${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$). When impurities are ignored, inelastic scattering from the coupled electron-phonon system is the strongest scattering mechanism at 77 K for moderate doping. This result differs from the standard model, neglecting mode coupling and electron-electron scattering, which has the acoustic modes dominant in this regime.
Response of Female Mediterranean Fruit Flies to Male Lures in the Relative Absence of Males

When sexually mature males were absent or scarce, virgin, sexually mature females and month-old or older fertile female Ceratitis capitata (Wiedmann) responded to male lures-trimedlure, medlure, and angelica seed oil-in daylight at 21˚C and above. However, as soon as the sterile males in a mixed population introduced into field populations had reached sexual maturity, the virgin females stopped their response to the lures. This behavior of females can be useful in delimiting new outbreaks in measuring progress in some types of eradication programs and in shortening the time needed for eradication by the method of male annihilation.
What child is this? What interval was that? Familiar tunes and music perception in novice listeners

In the laboratory, musical novices often seem insensitive even to basic structural elements of music (octaves, intervals, etc.), undermining long-held theories of music perception, and threatening to leave current theories applicable only to experts. Consequently it is important to demonstrate novices' basic listening competence where possible. Two experiments examined the perception of musical intervals (minor thirds, major thirds and perfect fourths) by musical novices. Subjects received either standard instructions or familiar folk-tune labels to aid performance. The folk-tune labels greatly improved identification performance, producing expert-caliber performance by some musically inexperienced subjects. The effectiveness of the folk-tune manipulation was much more limited in a difficult discrimination task. The results suggest that novices do have some basic competence when assayed appropriately, and that familiar musical tokens may be a critical element in such assays. Larger implications of the role of familiarity in novices' competence are discussed, including those that relate to music cognition and aesthetics.
Cooling and crystallization rates of libyan desert glass

Abstract Libyan Desert glass (LDG), a natural glass found on the surface of the desert in southwestern Egypt, has a uniformly high (average 98%) SiO2 content. Some specimens contain devitrification products, typically in spherulitic grains with diameters of 0.5 mm or less. One specimen contains larger (1–2 mm diameter) cristobalite inclusions. Using estimates of the original LDG volume and a model of LDG as fragments (as observed today) representing remnants of a large melt sheet produced by the impact of an extraterrestrial object into the parent sand or sandstone, the thickness and depth of burial of the melt sheet within the resulting impact structure are obtained. The thermal history of the glass is then calculated (for a pure thermal conduction process) by finite element analysis. Based on the computed thermal histories for glass-sheet thicknesses from 1.7 to 20 m, crystallization rates for vitreous silica are estimated for internal nucleation as the glass cools from 1725 to 1450°C. Grain diameters of 1 to 120 mm are obtained from the calculations. Considering the maximum observed cristobalite grain spacing in several LDG specimens of about 7.5 mm, we conclude that glass sheets thicker than about 5 m would completely devitrify during the cooling process. Estimates of surface crystal growth while cooling from 1725 to 1450°C indicate that, in the absence of internal nucleation, a substantial fraction of the original glass thickness would remain in the vitreous state following cessation of crystallization.
Insecticidal Activity of N -Acylcarbamates on Susceptible and Carbaryl-Resistant Strains of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm

The toxicity of several N -acyl derivatives of carbaryl and aminocarb® to a susceptible and a carbaryl-resistant strain of Prodenia litura F. was examined. The N acylcarbamates were generally less toxic than the corresponding N -methylcarbamates to the susceptible strain, and the order of toxicity varied with the nature of the N -acyl moiety. The N -formyl derivative of carbaryl, however, was more toxic than carbaryl on both susceptible and resistant strains. On the resistant strain, the N -acylcarbamates were all more toxic than their corresponding N -methylcarbamates and 1 compound, N -acetyl carbaryl, showed much higher toxicity to the resistant than to the susceptible strain. The results suggest that in vivo deacylation of N -acylcarbamates to the N -methylcarbamate is an important step leading to intoxication by these compounds.
Studies of thermal transition behavior in plasticized poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol) with solid-state NMR and thermal analysis techniques

Samples of plasticized poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol) (PVB) are found to exhibit multiple thermal transitions as observed by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Arrhenius plots using DSC and DMA data suggest that two of the transitions are glass-type ones. Variable temperature solid-state 13C-NMR experiments show a temperature-dependent line-broadening pattern for all PVB backbone carbons with maximum broadening at 55°C or at about 50°C above the second-order-type transitions α1 and α2 as measured by DSC. Using Arrhenius plots, the NMR transition is found to best correlate with α1, which is consistent with glass transition behavior. The solid-state NMR spectra also show that vinyl alcohol tacticity remains unresolved up to a temperature of about 95°C, beyond which line narrowing begins to occur. High-temperature thermal transitions are also observed by DSC and DMA, which suggest that the onset of motion involving vinyl alcohol sequences may be responsible for these transitions.
The effect of drop (bubble) size on advancing and receding contact angles for heterogeneous and rough solid surfaces as observed with sessile-drop and captive-bubble techniques

Abstract Sessile-drop and captive-bubble techniques were used for contact angle measurements. The advancing and receding contact angles were measured for water and ethylene glycol at self-assembled monolayer surfaces of dodecanethiol, for water at methylated quartz surfaces, and for water at roughened polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces. It was found that for each technique used, sessile-drop and captive-bubble, different advancing contact angles and different receding contact angles were frequently obtained for nonideal systems with rough and heterogeneous solid surfaces. The disagreement between contact angles, as measured with the two different techniques, increased with increasing imperfection of the solid surface. Also, it was observed that solid surface roughness and heterogeneity affected a variation of the advancing and receding contact angles with drop (bubble) size. No contact angle change with respect to drop (bubble) size (in the range 1–7 mm base diameter) was observed when smooth and homogeneous solid surfaces were well prepared. It is possible that metastable states, which are responsible for the contact angle hysteresis, also affect the contact angle/drop (bubble) size relationship. These three-phase systems with sessile drop and captive bubble at heterogeneous and/or rough solid surfaces are complex because solid surface heterogeneity and roughness cause contortions in the shape of the three-phase contact line and the drop (bubble) surface in the vicinity of the three-phase contact line. These contortions may affect a variation of the internal free energy of the liquid drop (gas bubble). It is shown that a slight variation in the advancing contact angle value over a few millimeters change in drop (bubble) diameter does not guarantee a high-quality surface state. Measurements of the receding contact angles provide more information on the quality of the solid surface and they should always be included with the measurements of advancing contact angles.
A Commitment-Based Framework for Describing Informal Cooperative Work*

In this paper we present a framework for describing cooperative work in informal domains such as an office. We argue that standard models of such work are inadequate for describing the adaptibility and variability observed in offices, and are fundamentally misleading as metaphors for understanding the skills and knowledge needed by computers or people to do the work. The basic claim in our alternative framework is that an agent's work is defined in terms of making and fulfilling commitments to other agents, and that the tasks described in those commitments are merely agreed upon methods for fulfilling the commitments. Determining the intended meaning of those task descriptions in specific situations is an important component of the work, and the agents making the commitments decide in any given situation how and whether a given commitment has been fulfilled. We analyze subcontracting relationships, noting that the task's client and contractor both play a role in defining the subcontractor's work. Also, we analyze the use and role of procedures in informal domains, noting the interdependencies among the agents performing them, the problem solving required to perform each step, and ways in which they can be made more adaptive. Our analysis indicates that “intelligent” capabilities such as planning, plan monitoring, and negotiation are required to do even simple cooperative work.
Dual Superconformal Symmetry of the ABJM Theory

We summarize the proof that all tree-level amplitudes of the ABJM theory enjoy dual superconformal symmetry. This note is based on arXiv:1008.0041 [hep-th] and arXiv:1012.5032 [hep-th].
Constitutive Relation of Elastic Polycrystal with Quadratic Texture Dependence

Herein we consider polycrystalline aggregates of cubic crystallites with arbitrary texture symmetry. We present a theory in which we keep track of the effects of crystallographic texture on elastic response up to terms quadratic in the texture coefficients. Under this theory, the Lame constants pertaining to the isotropic part of the effective elasticity tensor of the polycrystal will generally depend on the texture. We introduce also two simple models, which we call HM-V and HM-R, by which we derive an explicit expression for the effective stiffness tensor and one for the effective compliance tensor. Each of these expressions contains a term quadratic in the texture coefficients and, in addition to three parameters given in terms of the single-crystal elastic constants, each carries an undetermined material coefficient. These two remaining coefficients can be determined by imposing the requirement that the expressions from models HM-V and HM-R be compatible to within terms linear in the texture coefficients.
INVITED REVIEW MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS

(1981). INVITED REVIEW MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 8, No. 4-6, pp. 181-211.
Studies on L-threose as substrate for aldose reductase: A possible role in preventing protein glycation

L-threose is a product of ascorbate oxidation and degradation. By virtue of its free aldehyde group it can form Schiff-bases with tissue proteins, altering their normal function. In this study, we have examined the possibility of its detoxification to L-threitol by aldose reductase in the lens. The rat lens enzyme present in fresh homogenate as well as after 100 fold purification was found to utilize L-threose with a km of 7.1 × 10−4 M. The specificity of the reaction was affirmed by its inhibition with sorbinil and quercetin, the well known aldose reductase inhibitors. Further studies on the role of this enzyme in preventing toxicity due to degradation products of ascorbate are in progress.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-mediated Muscle Differentiation COLLABORATION BETWEEN PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE-Akt-SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND MYOGENIN

The differentiation and maturation of skeletal muscle require interactions between signaling pathways activated by hormones and growth factors and an intrinsic regulatory network controlled by myogenic transcription factors. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play key roles in muscle development in the embryo and in regeneration in the adult. To study mechanisms of IGF action in muscle, we developed a myogenic cell line that overexpresses IGF-binding protein-5. C2BP5 cells remain quiescent in low serum differentiation medium until the addition of IGF-I. Here we use this cell line to identify signaling pathways controlling IGF-mediated differentiation. Induction of myogenin by IGF-I and myotube formation were prevented by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, even when included 2 days after growth factor addition, whereas expression of active PI 3-kinase could promote differentiation in the absence of IGF-I. Differentiation also was induced by myogenin but was blocked by LY294002. The differentiation-promoting effects of IGF-I were mimicked by a modified membrane-targeted inducible Akt-1 (iAkt), and iAkt was able to stimulate differentiation of C2 myoblasts and primary mouse myoblasts incubated with otherwise inhibitory concentrations of LY294002. These results show that an IGF-regulated PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway controls muscle differentiation by mechanisms acting both upstream and downstream of myogenin.
Genetic analysis of the interaction between bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase and Escherichia coli thioredoxin.

Abstract Gene 5 protein of bacteriophage T7 is a nonprocessive DNA polymerase. During infection of Escherichia coli, T7 annexes the host protein thioredoxin for use as a processivity factor for T7 DNA polymerase. We describe here a genetic method to investigate the interaction between T7 gene 5 protein and E. coli thioredoxin. The strategy is to use thioredoxin mutants that are unable to support the growth of wild-type T7 phage to select for T7 revertant phage that suppress the defect in thioredoxin. A thioredoxin mutation that replaces glycine at position 74 with aspartic acid fails to support the growth of wild-type T7. This mutation is suppressed by six different mutations within T7 gene 5, each of which results in a single amino acid substitution within gene 5 protein. Three of the suppressor mutations are located within the putative polymerization domain of gene 5 protein, and three are located within the putative 3'-to-5' exonucleolytic domain. Each suppressor mutation alone is necessary and sufficient to confer the revertant phenotype.
AN INFINITE SYSTEM OF HYPERCOMPLEX NUMBERS

A system of hypercomplex numbers is defined for each dimension that is a power of 2. In each of these dimensions, the numbers are associative and commutative but their advantages lie in the ease of multiplication, how closely their properties mirror the properties of the complex numbers in 2 dimensions as well as the location and properties of the zero divisors. In addition, the basis forms a group under multiplication providing a multiplication table that relates all of the roots of –1 and real and non-real roots of 1.
Some Optical Considerations Of Direct Driver Vision

One would think that since we have had automobiles on the road for over 70 years we would, by now, completely understand the role vision plays in driving. This is certainly not the case. Despite some excellent research in this field, we have just begun to formulate the questions which need asking. One cannot separate the optics of the vehicle from the driver, especially in the dynamic driving environment. The direct vision out of a vehicle should be such that the driver can acquire all the visual information necessary to safely perform his task and, at the same time, the quality of this information should be such that it is very unlikely that it be misinterpreted.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Responses to Interracial Interactions Over Time

The current work tested and expanded on Plant and Devine's (2003) model of the antecedents and implications of interracial anxiety by examining people's experiences with interracial interactions at two time points. Study 1 explored non-Black people's responses to interactions with Black people and Study 2 explored Black people's responses to interactions with White people. Non-Black participants' expectancies about coming across as biased in interracial interactions and Black participants' expectancies about White people's bias predicted their interracial anxiety and whether they had positive interactions with outgroup members during the 2 weeks between assessments. Across both studies, interracial anxiety predicted the desire to avoid interactions with outgroup members. In addition, participants who were personally motivated to respond without prejudice reported more positive expectancies. The findings are discussed in terms of the implications for understanding the course and quality of interracial interactions.
Storage resource broker; generic software infrastructure for managing globally distributed data

The management of globally distributed data requires capabilities that have been developed in the data grid, digital library, and archivist communities. The storage resource broker incorporates essential features from each of these communities to support international collaborations that share data collections, provide publication environments for scientific data collections, and sustain preservation environments.
Rejection with hemodynamic compromise: objective evidence for efficacy of photopheresis.

Background Photopheresis therapy (photo) has been advocated as a therapy to improve outcome after recalcitrant or severe rejection, but objective evidence of a beneficial effect has been elusive. This study examined the hypothesis that photo provides protection against rejection, rejection with hemodynamic compromise (HC), and death from rejection after cardiac transplantation. Methods Between 1990 and 2003, 36 adult patients (from 343 adult transplant recipients) received at least 3 months of photo (2-day treatment every 3 to 6 weeks for a target of 18 months) after HC rejection ( n = 12), recurrent/recalcitrant rejection ( n = 20), or as prophylaxis in the presence of anti-donor antibodies ( n = 4). Survival and risk factors were examined by analysis using multivariate hazard function modulated renewal function. Results Patients selected for photo were at greater risk for rejection ( p p p = 0.04). More importantly, the hazard for subsequent HC rejection or rejection death was significantly reduced toward the risk-adjusted level of lower-risk non-photo patients ( p = 0.006). Conclusions This study provides objective evidence that photo reduces the risk of subsequent HC rejection and/or death from rejection when initiated for patients with high rejection risk. Photopheresis is recommended as an important therapeutic modality after rejection with hemodynamic compromise, although further studies are needed to define the precise mechanism of the effect and the potential for benefit in other patient sub-sets.
Collaborative Smart Home technologies for senior independent living: A review

This paper presents a review of the collaborative smart home technologies for senior independent living. It focuses on the major features that enable safe independent living for the seniors. Based on the investigation on about 30 projects or systems in the area of Smart Home for independent and assisted living, key research issues as well as underlying opportunities have been identified.
Transitions: Combat Veterans as College Students

Twenty-five students who served in the Iraq or Afghanistan wars were interviewed. The findings suggest that combat veterans are a student population with special needs and require support from both policymakers and program providers.
Beyond the Mommy Track: The Influence of New-Concept Part-Time Work for Professional Women on Work and Family

This study investigates how the option for new-concept part-time work influences the ability of mothers of preschool children working in professional occupations to successfully integrate work and family responsibilities while maintaining career opportunities. Data are from a subset of the 1996 IBM Work and Life Issues Survey in the United States (n = 687). Compared to their counterparts who worked full time, mothers who worked in these part-time positions reported significantly greater work-family balance and did not report significantly less career opportunity. The part-time group reported 47% fewer work hours and 41% lower income than the full-time group. These data support the notion that new-concept part-time work is a viable option to assist women in professional careers to successfully integrate their family career. Implications of these findings are presented.
Hierarchical approach to computer system integrity

Security is an important factor if the programs of independent and possibly error-prone or malicious users are to coexist on the same computer system. In this paper, we show that a hierarchically structured operating system, such as produced by a virtual machine system, that combines a virtual machine monitor with several independent operating systems (VMM/OS), provides substantially better software security than a conventional two-level multiprogramming operating system approach. This added protection is derived from redundant security using independent mechanisms that are inherent in the design of most VMM/OS systems. Such a system can be obtained by exploiting existing software resources.
Solution polymerizations of epoxytetrahydrophthalic anhydride and its utilization in various epoxy systems

Solution polymerization of epoxytetrahydrophthalic anhydride (ETHPA) has been thoroughly studied by using numerous solvents and catalysts. Products have been obtained in high yields, particularly when triethanolamine was the catalyst. This suggests that this catalyst should be considered for further applications utilizing ETHPA. However, the solution polymerization method cannot be used alone to define the effects of various catalysts on standard nonsolvated resin systems, because polymerization is greatly affected not only by the addition of solvent but also by the type of solvent. In addition, the action of the catalyst seems to depend greatly upon what solvent is employed. The reason for this dependence has not been established. The effects of the addition and reaction of ETHPA with commercial epoxy resin formulations have been investigated by means of heat distortion tests and differential thermal analyses. In most cases, although a moderate improvement was found in the thermal properties of the resins, occasional excellent results were obtained. A 10°C. increase in HDT is observed with a 2 wt.-% addition of ETHPA for bisphenol A epoxy resin–bicyclic anhydride mixture. The degree of elevation of Tg and HDT with the addition of ETHPA obviously depends not only on the composition of the resin system but also on its cure temperature. A good correlation occurs between heat-distortion temperatures and glass transition temperatures. Some few anomalous data, however, are found which point to the fact that further investigation is required before HDT and Tg can be interchanged without prior evidence of a definite relationship.
Role of DNA Superhelicity in Regulation of Bacteroid-Associated Functions of Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain 32H1.

Abstract Bradyrhizobium sp. strain 32H1 cells express a number of bacteroid-associated functions and repress some functions related to the free-living state when grown ex planta under conditions of low (0.2%) oxygen tension and relatively high levels (>8 mM) of medium K+. Expression of the bacteroid-associated phenotype was blocked by the DNA gyrase inhibitor novobiocin. Because the degree of negative supercoiling of DNA is the result of the activities of both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase I, we measured these enzymes in cells grown under nitrogen-fixing (low O2, high K+) and non-nitrogen-fixing conditions (low O2, low [50 μM] K+ or high O2, high K+). Lower topoisomerase I activities were seen in extracts from nitrogen-fixing cells than in those from non-nitrogen-fixing cells. In contrast, DNA gyrase levels were lower in high-O2-grown cells than under the other conditions tested. These differences are consistent with an increase in DNA superhelicity associated with growth under low-O2, high-K+ conditions. A spontaneous mutant resistant to the DNA gyrase inhibitor ciprofloxacin was found to be constitutive with respect to the K+ requirement, because it expressed the bacteroid-associated phenotype when grown under low-O2, low-K+ conditions. The mutant cells gave rise to effective nodules on Macroptilium atropurpureum and possessed the low topoisomerase I activities and high DNA gyrase levels of low-O2-, high-K+-grown wild-type cells. Our data suggest that changes in DNA supercoiling resulting from low O2 tension and a high K+ concentration exert a major influence on the expression of the bacteroid-associated phenotype.
State Variation in AIDS Drug Assistance Program Prescription Drug Coverage for Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors

BACKGROUND In the United States, mortality from cardiovascular disease has become increasingly common among HIV-infected persons. One-third of HIV-infected persons in care may rely on state-run AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) for cardiovascular disease-related prescription drugs. There is no federal mandate regarding ADAP coverage for non-HIV medications.
Suppressing Interfering Scattered Signals In Swept-frequency Radar Measurements By Using Frequency Domain Wiener Filtering

A novel approach to the reduction of scattered, interfering signals that corrupt measurements of the signal backscattered from radar targets of interest is being developed. It is being explored with sphere measurements in an indoor microwave radar range. This method is based on the concept of Wiener filtering (which minimizes the difference between the signal plus noise and the desired signal in the time domain). In contrast to the traditional Wiener filter, in which the time domain error between two sequences are minimized, the approach reported uses the frequency domain phasor amplitudes of a swept frequency signal. It minimizes the difference (least-mean-square-magnitude) between the signal-plus-noise and the signal complex phasors, across the entire spectrum.
Moral judgment as information processing: an integrative review

This article reviews dominant models of moral judgment, organizing them within an overarching framework of information processing. This framework poses two fundamental questions: (1) What input information guides moral judgments?; and (2) What psychological processes generate these judgments? Information Models address the first question, identifying critical information elements (including causality, intentionality, and mental states) that shape moral judgments. A subclass of Biased Information Models holds that perceptions of these information elements are themselves driven by prior moral judgments. Processing Models address the second question, and existing models have focused on the relative contribution of intuitive versus deliberative processes. This review organizes existing moral judgment models within this framework, critically evaluates them on empirical and theoretical grounds, outlines a general integrative model grounded in information processing, and offers conceptual and methodological suggestions for future research. The information processing perspective provides a useful theoretical framework for organizing extant and future work in the rapidly growing field of moral judgment.
Health Care Reform's Unfinished Work — Remaining Barriers to Coverage and Access

The U.S. uninsured rate has fallen, and access to primary care and medications, affordability of care, and self-reported health are improving. But millions of Americans are still uninsured, and even the insured still face barriers to affordable, high-quality care.
IT Knowledge: What Do Accounting Students Think They Know? Do You Know More Than I Do? An Exploratory Study

In recognition of the growing role of information technology (IT) in teaching accounting, we surveyed students at three Midwestern universities to determine their self-reported knowledge levels of 36 specific information technologies and difference in those IT knowledge levels between universities. Unlike other areas of accounting, there are no set standards for the IT curriculum for accounting education. Because of this, we expect to find significant differences in IT knowledge between these three universities. These findings are analyzed in light of authoritative guidance on appropriate accounting technology topics and research on the current status of IT in accounting education. We find accounting students have a low level of self-perceived IT knowledge. These students are not proficient in requisite technologies even after completing most of their undergraduate course work. We also find that there are significant differences in IT knowledge between the three universities in the study. These findings imply that we may be doing a disservice to accounting students and the accounting profession by not having a set IT curriculum. We conclude that it is time to assess IT knowledge and IT skill requirements necessary for accounting students and develop a standard IT curriculum in accounting education.
Soliton frequency comb at microwave rates in a high-Q silica microresonator

Frequency combs are having a broad impact on science and technology because they provide a way to coherently link radio/microwave-rate electrical signals with optical-rate signals derived from lasers and atomic transitions. Integrating these systems on a photonic chip would revolutionize instrumentation, time keeping, spectroscopy, navigation, and potentially create new mass-market applications. A key element of such a system-on-a-chip will be a mode-locked comb that can be self-referenced. The recent demonstration of soliton mode locking in crystalline and silicon nitride microresonators has provided a way to both mode lock and generate femtosecond time-scale pulses. Here, soliton mode locking is demonstrated in high-Q silica resonators. The resonators produce low-phase-noise soliton pulse trains at readily detectable pulse rates—two essential properties for the operation of frequency combs. A method for the long-term stabilization of the solitons is also demonstrated, and is used to test the theoretical dependence of the comb power, efficiency, and soliton existence power on the pulse width. The influence of the Raman process on the soliton existence power and efficiency is also observed. The resonators are microfabricated on silicon chips and feature reproducible modal properties required for soliton formation. A low-noise and detectable pulse rate soliton frequency comb on a chip is a significant step towards a fully integrated frequency comb system.
Imaging the Complications of Lung Transplantation

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of complications following lung transplantation. This article outlines the imaging modalities available for evaluation of posttransplant complications with a focus on major indications and key strengths and weaknesses of each modality. A brief description of surgical technique and relevant anatomy is included. Descriptions of some of the more commonly encountered complications are outlined with a focus on imaging findings. Complications are grouped by anatomic or imaging-based findings and subcategorized chronologically to help order the differential diagnosis.
Thin-film microelectronic wearable body sensors

This review of various applications of well-established thin-film processing techniques to wearable body sensors gives examples of work done in the author's laboratory over many years. Sensors for the vital signs of body temperature, electrocardiogram, heart rate, breathing pattern and breathing rate are presented along with other applications. Thin-film based sensors have the advantage of small size, high surface area to mass ratio, flexibility, capability for batch production, and compatibility with other microelectronic technologies.
Access Denied: Preservice Teachers' Integration of Technology for Teaching Writing

The purpose of this study was to explore three preservice teachers' experiences teaching writing with technology and digital tools during a year-long student teaching experience. Research found that while the three student teachers demonstrated conceptual understandings about the teaching of writing, their use of technology or lack of did not always reflect their views. When considering what influenced their transformations as teachers capable and willing to integrate technology into their writing instruction, the school context, particularly the notion of access, significantly shaped their appropriation of pedagogical tools for the teaching of digital writing. In addition, the student teachers were influenced not only by the resources that they had access to, but their perceptions of students' abilities and needs, as well as their own needs and efficacy as novice teachers.
Enzyme induction by polychlorinated biphenyls relative to known inducing agents.

SummaryEnzyme induction by equimolar dietary amounts of DDT, phenobarbital, and PCB was studied in rats after 30 days of treatment. At 150 μmoles per kg of food, PCB was far more effective than phenobarbital and was at least as effective as DDT. At 15 μmoles, phenobarbital, DDT, and PCB produced substrate-specific increases in enzymatic activity.
Molecular basis of polycystic kidney disease: PKD1, PKD2 and PKHD1

Recent developments have helped elucidate the function of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease proteins, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, and have revealed the primary defect in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, by positional cloning of the gene, PKHD1. Several studies demonstrating that polycystin-2 can act as a calcium-ion-permeable cation channel, and that polycystin-1 may be involved in regulating/localizing this channel, have provided compelling evidence of the function of these proteins. A role in regulating intracellular calcium levels seems likely, with the many cellular abnormalities associated with cystogenesis due to a disruption of calcium homeostasis. Improved mutation analysis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease has led to the finding of genotype/phenotype correlations which could be related to possible cleavage of polycystin-1. A major recent breakthrough has revealed the primary defect in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Genetic analysis showed that the PCK rat model is orthologous to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, and allowed the human gene, PKHD1, to be precisely localized and identified. PKHD1 is a large gene, encoding a protein, fibrocystin, of 4074 amino acids, which is predicted to have a large extracellular region, a single transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. Fibrocystin may act as a receptor with critical roles in collecting-duct and biliary development.
Politics Through the Lens of Language, Literature, Films, and Wayang: Remembering Benedict Anderson

Several scholars have written and will continue to write about the enormous impact of Benedict Anderson’s co-authored “Cornell Paper” (properly titled “A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965...
Epidemiological research of the antigen of Helicobacter pylori in stool of scattered inhabiting children in Wuxi area

Objective To investigate Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children population of Wuxi area and explore the influential factors of Hp infection. Methods Hp antigen in the stool specimens of 1 126 children aged between 0 and 12 years old were detected with ELISA method. Results Average Hp positive rate of the population was 19.09% . There was an increased tendency with growing age, the male was 19.62% and the female 18.52% , there was no significant difference between them. Hp positive rate was 26.94% in symptomatic group and 10.60% in asymptomatic group (P 0.01 ). Hp positive rate in city, the city-rural conjunct area and rural area was 12.47% , 19.30% and 24.94% respectively. The Hp positive rate in children with gastroduodenal ulcer was 90.77% . Conclusion Hp infection rate is higher in children population of Wuxi area, which is the main cause of children's gastroduodenal diseases.
Author response: use of bioartificial dermal regeneration template for skin restoration in combat casualty injuries.

Response to: Leclere FM & Casoli V. Use of bioartificial dermal regeneration template for skin restoration in combat casualty injuries. Regen. Med. 11(4), 359-360 (2016).