cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental Management System (EMS) for Military Activities – Strategies and Policies for American, Canadian, Brazilian and NATO Armies

Increasing of demand from environmental legislation and public opinion have transformed militaries activities, employees and facilities of Armed Forces all over the world. It became necessary to implement an Environmental Management System (EMS) to guide people to participate on those activities even during peace or war times. It’s a common threat among all the armies that military planning documents nowadays have to consider the risks of damaging the environment which can be caused by military operations. This has led to a progressive updated of environmental military legislation in order to be in according to Federal Environmental Laws in each country. The USA Department of Defense (DoD) was the first one to establish a formal structure for this in 1970 and others countries have followed it. The US Army Environmental Strategy into the twenty- first century is a program that shows the guidance for achieving the goal of environmental stewardship. The strategy consists of specific goals, objectives, and an action plan. The strategy has four environmental areas which are compliance, restoration, prevention, and conservation. Each area has an associated objective, which are: 1) give immediate priority to sustained compliance with all environmental laws; 2) continue to restore contaminated sites as quickly as funds permit; 3) focus efforts on pollution prevention to reduce or stop pollution at the source; and 4) conserve and preserve natural and cultural resources so they will be available for present and future generations. The fourth objective is related to the so-called Sustainable Development concept established by Our Future Common from the United Nations World Commission on environment and Development in 1987. The USA Army Strategy for the Environment summarizes a plan to develop a long-term sustainability ethic; strengthen operations; meet testing, training, and mission requirements; mitigate impacts and costs; incentivize innovation; and enhance the well-being of Soldiers, civilians, families, neighbors, and communities. NATO Defense ministries have implemented environmental management systems in a similar manner to other governmental bodies – and this is perhaps the most remarkable and important development in the politicization of such systems
The Contest for Educational Resources: Class Conflict in America:

The pressure to expand post-secondary educational opportunities during this decade has resulted in a shift of historical proportion in state and federal funds allocated to higher education in the United States. If that shift becomes permanent, the attainment level of the middle class as a whole would rise to fourteen or even sixteen years. One of the most certain consequences of that reality would be to deny sufficient funds to those at the lowest level, whose needs are not yet being met in elementary and secondary schools. Such a transfer of funds would advance the interests of the middle class while blocking attainment of the lowest group at a point below the minimum required for entering post-secondary education. The latter group would be forced out of the schools at a point that would effectively deny them any further educational benefits, a situation that prompted Christopher Jencks to suggest that school dropouts be given some alternative social benefit, such as subsidized housing or tax rebates.
Complications of Pelvic Exenteration

Pelvic exenteration currently has an operative mortality of less than 5% but a complication rate of 40% to 50%. These figures represent problems resulting from urinary diversion, those associated with the postexenteration pelvis, or both. Complications due to urinary diversion can often be ameliorated by careful attention to operative technique, whereas those due to the pelvis can be mitigated by the use of well-vascularized bulky flaps to fill and line pelvic dead space.
TRPM1 Autoantibodies in Melanoma Patients Without Self-Reported Visual Symptoms

Purpose Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Visual symptoms include night blindness, photopsia, and reduced-contrast sensitivity. An abnormal ERG b-wave and the presence of anti-bipolar cell autoantibodies, including autoantibodies reacting with the ON-bipolar cell TRPM1 channel, help to confirm the diagnosis. The goal of this study was to determine if CMM patients without visual symptoms also express anti-TRPM1 autoantibodies. Methods Serum samples from 15 CMM patients were tested using three assays: immunofluorescent labeling of TRPM1-transfected HEK cells, immunofluorescent labeling of retinal sections from wild-type and TRPM1 knockout mice, and immunoblot detection of a bacterially produced recombinant TRPM1 peptide. Results Serum specimens from 5 of the 15 CMM patients without declared visual symptoms were positive for anti-TRPM1 autoantibodies in at least one of the three assays. One of 50 control sera from patients not known to have cancer was also weakly reactive with the TRPM1 peptide. Conclusions Autoantibodies against TRPM1 are present in CMM patient sera without self-reported visual symptoms. Most patients had advanced (stage III and IV) disease and were undergoing aggressive treatments, including immunotherapy. It is unknown if immunotherapy affects the expression of TRPM1 autoantibodies. The presence of TRPM1 autoantibodies may predispose patients for MAR.
Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Compositions and Global Phase Behavior for Lignin–Acetone–Water Ternary at 25, 45, and 65 °C

Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) phase compositions and tie lines were measured for the lignin–acetone–water system in the region of LLE where the aqueous lignin purification with hot agents (ALPHA)...
Off Balance Sheet Items and Reconciling Frameworks within Basel III: Revisions to the Basel III Leverage Ratio Framework

This presentation highlights developments which have occurred in particular with leverage ratios – and particularly with respect to supplementary leverage ratios. It also incorporates consequences – both intended and unintended, that have emanated in relation to these ratios. Jurisdictional adoptions of supplementary leverage ratios have raised concerns in respect of the real rationales behind certain jurisdictional preferences, and whether competitive disadvantages accrue to countries which have decided to opt for more stringent requirements. This presentation also highlights rationales which have prompted recent revisions to supplementary leverage ratios – with particular focus on the need for revisions to the credit conversion factors for off-balance sheet items – as well as concerns relating to calibration between the risk-weighted capital ratio and leverage ratio based frameworks; and how often off balance sheet exposures are to be calculated.With off balance sheet exposures still constituting a major focus – as well as how best to address off balance sheet items, the 2016 proposed revisions also provide an insight to treatments which have particular relevance in matters relating, for instance, to provisions, securitizations – and also underlines why certain jurisdictions have opted for supplementary and enhanced supplementary leverage ratios as measures whereby issues such as potential undercapitalization of institutions (banking and non financial) and off balance sheet exposures could be addressed.
Evaluation of Carbon Footprint of Pipeline Materials during Installation, Operation, and Disposal Phases

AbstractMost of the pipelines in the US are rapidly reaching the end of their useful service life. Now they need replacing or rehabilitating. In general, selection of a pipeline installation method...
Gradient flow structure and exponential decay of the sandwiched Rényi divergence for primitive Lindblad equations with GNS-detailed balance

We study the entropy production of the sandwiched Renyi divergence under the primitive Lindblad equation with Gel’fand–Naimark–Segal-detailed balance. We prove that the Lindblad equation can be identified as the gradient flow of the sandwiched Renyi divergence of any order α ∈ (0, ∞). This extends a previous result by Carlen and Maas [J. Funct. Anal. 273(5), 1810–1869 (2017)] for the quantum relative entropy (i.e., α = 1). Moreover, we show that the sandwiched Renyi divergence of any order α ∈ (0, ∞) decays exponentially fast under the time evolution of such a Lindblad equation.
COVID-19-Induced Vestibular Neuritis, Hemi-Facial Spasms and Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Case Report

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a global health crisis. Though respiratory symptoms have been the usual manifestations, the presentation in some cases may be atypical with various neurological and cutaneous manifestations. We present a case of a 63-year-old female diagnosed with COVID-19 and associated rare manifestations during her visit to Europe.
Cultural Preference, Food Fortification, and Healthy Eating.

Ecology of Food and Nutrition (EFN) promotes scholarly discussion and engagement on the holistic and cross-cultural dimensions of food and nutrition. Articles published in this journal focus on foo...
Global Demand Spillovers: When the Central Bank Buys Corporate Bonds

Using novel data and a difference-in-differences strategy, I find that central bank corporate bond purchases spillover to foreign jurisdictions through bond underwriting networks. The diff-in-diff exploits the European Central Bank's 2016 corporate sector purchase program. I compare U.S. firms connected to underwriters with more or less Eurozone clients. Firms connected with banks with more European clients had larger orderbooks and issued more at lower costs. Treated firms do not increase real investment, but rather increase equity payouts. I identify a novel channel through which demand shocks spread across borders: the bond underwriting network. These results matter for understanding the overall impact of corporate quantitative easing programs.
Device for measuring stress stability in reflective coatings for thin-shell x-ray mirrors

The proposed Lynx X-Ray Observatory aims to achieve an on-axis point spread function (PSF) of about 0.5 arc-second half-power diameter (HPD) and a 2 m^2 effective area. Thousands of extremely thin silicon mirrors with reflective x-ray coatings are needed to reach these goals and reduce mass per area. The coatings create film stress that can deform the mirrors. Stress relaxation in the film can cause the mirrors to disfigure over time and broaden the PSF. Typically, coating stability is measured by coating a mirror and measuring over a period of years in an x-ray beam line, or by measuring bending of flat mirror coupons. We discuss a novel device to measure the stress stability of reflective coatings that does not require flight mirrors or x-rays, and has a higher sensitivity compared to substrate bending. The device measures the resonant frequency of coated silicon membranes which can be related to film stress.
Management Successes and Struggles for AIDS Service Organizations

Abstract AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) began 25 years ago as alternative, community-based advocacy entities designed to address institutional neglect. They evolved into hybrid agencies, both activist and service-providing. As ASOs have changed, they now face management challenges common in all alternative agencies in later stages and challenges unique to the HIV field. Stigma, changing practice contexts, volunteerism, partnership, cultural competence, financial health, professionalism, service integration, job stress, and organizational cohesion are presented as typical challenges and contexts, paired with strategies to address them. Managers in the HIV field must balance many competing forces as the pandemic increases while funding and attention decrease. However, shifting contexts can create successes and struggles. ASOs remain viable and necessary as part of the tapestry of human services provision.
High-performance transition metal–doped Pt3Ni octahedra for oxygen reduction reaction

Bimetallic platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanostructures represent an emerging class of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, but practical applications have been limited by catalytic activity and durability. We surface-doped Pt3Ni octahedra supported on carbon with transition metals, termed M‐Pt3Ni/C, where M is vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, molybdenum (Mo), tungsten, or rhenium. The Mo‐Pt3Ni/C showed the best ORR performance, with a specific activity of 10.3 mA/cm2 and mass activity of 6.98 A/mgPt, which are 81- and 73‐fold enhancements compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.127 mA/cm2 and 0.096 A/mgPt). Theoretical calculations suggest that Mo prefers subsurface positions near the particle edges in vacuum and surface vertex/edge sites in oxidizing conditions, where it enhances both the performance and the stability of the Pt3Ni catalyst.
The HIV Epidemic, Skill Heterogeneity, and Output

This paper investigates the effect of HIV/AIDS on output using an overlapping generations model with heterogeneous agents calibrated to sub-Saharan Africa. Output is found to be below a no-AIDS output in a range between 3% (10%), when only unskilled workers are affected, and 10% (28%), when only skilled workers are affected, whenever the overall infection rate is 7% (20%). When investigating the hypothesis that AIDS affects skilled workers more severely than unskilled at the beginning of the epidemic, with the effect switching as the epidemic becomes more mature, the findings are that the economy can be 8% smaller along the transition path. In all scenarios where the epidemic is temporary, it would take four to five generations or about 90 years for sub-Saharan Africa to recover.
Optimal Timing and Legal Decisionmaking: The Case of the Liquidation Decision in Bankruptcy

Until the firm is sold or a plan of reorganization is confirmed, Chapter 11 entrusts a judge with the decision of whether to keep a firm as a going concern or to shut it down. The judge revisits this liquidation decision multiple times. The key is to make the correct decision at the optimal time. This paper models this decision as the exercise of a real option and shows that it depends critically on particular types of information about the firm and its industry. Liquidations take place too soon if we merely compare the liquidation value of the assets with the expected earnings of the firm. Moreover, existing law undermines effective decisionmaking. Even though the judge makes the liquidation decision, a number of rules prevent the judge from controlling the timing of the decision, and those who do control it lack the incentive to ensure it is made at the optimal time. The paper introduces a framework that can illuminate many areas of law, such as summary judgment motions, parole, and agency rule making.
Role of intruder configurations in Ne and Mg

Abstract The energies and reduced transition probabilities B(E2;0g.s.+→2+) for the lowest Jπ=2+ excited states in the neutron-rich radioactive isotopes 26,28 Ne and 30,32 Mg were measured via intermediate energy Coulomb excitation. The data suggest that the interaction between coexisting 0ℏω (normal) and 2ℏω (intruder) configurations significantly perturbs the energy of the 21+ state in 28 Ne, while the data on 26 Ne and 30 Mg can be well understood in the context of 0ℏω configurations alone. Nilsson model calculations suggest that if these nuclei have static axially symmetric deformations, they are prolate.
Complete structure of the mouse mast cell receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI) and surface expression of chimeric receptors (rat-mouse-human) on transfected cells.

The high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc ϵ RI) found on mast cells and basophils is a tetrameric complex of a single α subunit, a single β subunit, and two identical γ subunits. The genes for the three subunits of mouse Fc ϵ RI have now been cloned from the mast cell line, PT18. When compared at the DNA level, the rat and mouse subunits are similarly conserved. However, at the protein level the homology between mouse and rat α is surprisingly low (71% identities) especially in the cytoplasmic regions (57% identities) which are of different length (25 and 20 residues, respectively). By contrast the β and γ are homogeneously conserved between mouse and rat (83 and 93% identities, respectively). The consensus amino acid sequence of the α subunit derived from three species (rat, mouse, and human) shows that the cytoplasmic tail diverges to the same extent as the leader peptide. Conversely, the transmembrane domain of the α is highly conserved and contains 10 consecutive residues that are identical. Comparisons between mouse Fc ϵ RI and other mouse proteins reveal regions of high homology between the α subunit and Fc γ RIIa and between the γ subunit and the ζ chain of the T cell receptor. Cells transfected with the α gene express the α subunit on their surface very inefficiently. Efficient expression is only achieved after co-transfection of the three rodent genes or of the human α gene together with the rodent γ without apparent need for β. The subunits are completely interchangeable upon transfection so that various chimeric mouse-rat-human receptors can be expressed.
Efficacy and safety of linezolid in immunocompromised children with cancer

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the safety, tolerance and efficacy of linezolid for the treatment of infections from Gram-positive bacteria in immunocompromised children with cancer. Methods: This was a prospective non-comparative unblinded study in the Hematology/Oncology Unit over a two-year period, administering linezolid as monotherapy in children with cancer. Results: Seventeen children received linezolid (30 mg/kgr: 3 i.v. per day). Mean duration of linezolid administration was 12.2 days (range, 6–38 days), while the median age of the evaluable patients was 2.2 years (range, 6 months–11.2 years). Primary diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (nine patients), brain tumor (three patients), multi-organ Langerhans cell histiocytosis (two patients), rhabdomyosarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and ovarian tumor (one patient each). All patients were in the midst of chemotherapy cycles. Ten out of 17 children had positive blood cultures (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, four patients; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, three patients; penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, three patients), while seven of the 17 had fever and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in stool cultures. All patients were considered clinically cured after the end of the linezolid regimen (100% efficacy). The main adverse events were thrombocytopenia grade 1–3 and anemia grade 2–3 (four and two patients, respectively). Chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity (six patients) was not worsened during linezolid therapy. No bleeding episodes were presented. Self-limited diarrhea grade 1–2 was presented in four patients (mean duration 2 days). The total adverse event rate was 23.5%; however, there was no premature cessation of linezolid in any patient. Conclusions: Linezolid may be another effective and safe therapy to treat infections from resistant Gram-positive bacteria in immunocompromised children, even in young ages.
STATISTICS OF PULSARS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

More than eighty globular clusters have now been surveyed for pulsars; nearly thirty cluster pulsars have so far been discovered. We review the current status of cluster pulsar searches and their selection effects. We discuss various methods which have been used to extrapolate the observed pulsar population to the underlying distribution. We show that the dependence on assumptions about the luminosity function, and in particular the minimum pulsar luminosity L min , can lead to the large discrepancies between various authors in the estimates of the total cluster pulsar population. We investigate the way in which number of pulsars in a cluster, N p , scales with cluster parameters such as central density ρ c or core mass M c . Our best estimate is that N p scales as M c ρc 0.5, significantly less steep than predicted by the two-body tidal capture model. This yields 2500/f as the total number of pulsars produced in the globular cluster system, where f is the mean beaming factor. Such a high number is also supported by the high birthrates inferred from the young ages of the known cluster pulsars. The discrepancy between these high birthrates and the low birthrates of LMXBs in clusters suggests that there may be two channels of pulsar formation, one of which produces most pulsars, and the other most of the LMXBs. However, the eleven fast pulsars in 47 Tuc are a problem for this scenario. We suggest that there may be another parameter involved in determining the number of pulsars in clusters. The most likely candidate is a time-dependence of the rate of pulsar formation, which some authors attribute to the onset of core collapse.
Disabled Is a Putative Adaptor Protein That Functions during Signaling by the Sevenless Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

DRK, the Drosophila homolog of the SH2-SH3 domain adaptor protein Grb2, is required during signaling by the sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SEV). One role of DRK is to provide a link between activated SEV and the Ras1 activator SOS. We have investigated the possibility that DRK performs other functions by identifying additional DRK-binding proteins. We show that the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain-containing protein Disabled (DAB) binds to the DRK SH3 domains. DAB is expressed in the ommatidial clusters, and loss of DAB function disrupts ommatidial development. Moreover, reduction of DAB function attenuates signaling by a constitutively activated SEV. Our biochemical analysis suggests that DAB binds SEV directly via its PTB domain, becomes tyrosine phosphorylated upon SEV activation, and then serves as an adaptor protein for SH2 domain-containing proteins. Taken together, these results indicate that DAB is a novel component of the SEV signaling pathway.
Fluorescent supramolecular liquid crystalline polymers from nucleobase-terminated monomers

While thymine or N6-(4-methoxybenzoyl)adenine terminated bis(4-alkoxy)-substituted bis(phenylethynyl)benzene monomers show no liquid crystalline behaviour by themselves, mixing the complementary nucleobase monomers together results in the formation of thermotropic liquid crystalline phases.
Design and evaluation of multipoint-to-point multicast flow control

Multipoint communication has been an increasingly focused topic in computer communication networks, including both the Internet and the ATM networks. We have previously presented, analyzed, and evaluated new point-tomultipoint ABR flow control algorithms. In this paper, we focus on multipoint-to-point flow control. As the major objective of ABR service is to provide minimum-loss, fair service to data traffic, an effective merge-point scheme for multipoint-to-point flow control should guarantee some suitable fairness. In this paper, we first examine the "essential fairness" concept proposed by Wang and Schwartz for point-to-multipoint flow control in the Internet. We extend and enhance the concept to the multipoint-to-point ABR flow control. A general algorithm guaranteeing essential fairness is presented, with a detailed implementation on top of the ERICA unicast algorithm proposed by Jam, et. al. The general algorithm may be used for a wide range of fairness specifications to accommodate various bandwidth requirement from unicast or multicast sources of different application streams. Three major variations of the general algorithm are presented. These three schemes are simulated and evaluated, and compared with an existing scheme proposed by Ren, Siu, and Suzuki. Simulation results show that the proposed merge-point algorithm achieves, within short transient time, max-mm fairness based on different weights given to individual sources or sessions, or according to various specifications of fairness. The fairness concept and the general algorithm presented here may be readily applied to other high-speed networks such as the Next Generation Internet and Wireless ATM, and to different multicast settings such as point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-multipoint. Keywords: ATM network, ABR traffic, flow control, multicast
Isotherms of crater regions on the illuminated and eclipsed Moon

Abstract The discovery of the anomalous cooling of rayed craters during an eclipse by Shorthill, Borough, and Conley (1960) prompted a further investigation of differential temperatures on the lunar surface. Scan programs were made using a thermistor bolometer over a variety of crater regions, both under illumination near the full Moon and during the September 5, 1960 eclipse. Isotherms were constructed which were related to surface features. All five of the rayed craters observed during the eclipse exhibited anomalous cooling, the effect being greatest for Tycho and progressively less for Aristarchus, Copernicus, Proclus, and Kepler. Several explanations are discussed, including thinner dust layer, lower emissivity, and subsurface heating. Variations observed on the illuminated Moon can evidently be attributed to differences in albedo and local inclinations of the surface; further investigations are indicated to quantitatively relate the observed temperature differentials to measured values of albedo and inclination, and to other properties of the surface.
Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space

Ensemble recordings of 73 to 148 rat hippocampal neurons were used to predict accurately the animals' movement through their environment, which confirms that the hippocampus transmits an ensemble code for location. In a novel space, the ensemble code was initially less robust but improved rapidly with exploration. During this period, the activity of many inhibitory cells was suppressed, which suggests that new spatial information creates conditions in the hippocampal circuitry that are conducive to the synaptic modification presumed to be involved in learning. Development of a new population code for a novel environment did not substantially alter the code for a familiar one, which suggests that the interference between the two spatial representations was very small. The parallel recording methods outlined here make possible the study of the dynamics of neuronal interactions during unique behavioral events.
Ultra-Compact Combustors for Advanced Gas Turbine Engines

Current gas turbine design practice for military and commercial aircraft is becoming marginal to meet the increasingly severe, yet conflicting requirements for reduced fuel burn, engine weight, and exhaust emissions, while achieving enhanced parts durability. The engine combustion system can be a key enabler in achieving future design goals. In both conventional single-stage and staged combustors, attention is focused on incremental fluid dynamic changes to enhance fuel-air mixing. In addition, dramatic materials development appears necessary to permit the increased operating temperatures that will ensue from advanced Brayton cycles. This paper describes a revolutionary combustion system that is far from incremental, but appears to offer the potential for continuing advances in engine performance. A gas turbine engine has been proposed that uses a near-constant-temperature (NCT) cycle and an Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) to provide large amounts of power extraction from the low-pressure turbine. This level of energy is achieved with a modest temperature rise across the ITB. The additional energy can be used to power a large fan for an ultra-high bypass ratio transport aircraft, or to drive an alternator for large amounts of electrical power extraction. Conventional gas turbine engines cannot drive ultra-large diameter fans without the use of excessive turbine temperatures, or a substantial number of turbine stages. In addition, these conventional systems cannot meet high power extraction demands without a loss of engine thrust. The objective is to demonstrate an Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) that can be used as a main burner or an ITB that does not impact engine thrust-to-weight, pollutant emissions, or overall system performance. Concepts for an Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) are being explored experimentally. This system uses high swirl in a circumferential cavity to enhance reaction rates via high cavity g-loading on the order of 3000 g’s. Increase in reaction rates translates to a reduced combustor volume. The UCC design integrates compressor and turbine features which will enable a shorter and potentially less complex gas turbine engine. This paper will describe different variations of the UCC design where both the fuel injection method, turbine vane design, and the fuel injection angles are varied in the UCC. Experimental results from the UCC at atmospheric pressure indicate that the combustion system operates at 95–99% combustion efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions burning JP-8 +100 fuels. Axial flame lengths were extremely short, at about 50% those of conventional systems.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The 2-NN Rule for More Accurate NN Risk Estimation

By proper design of a nearest-neighbor (NN) rule, it is possible to reduce effects of sample size in NN risk estimation. The 2-NN rule for the two-class problem eliminates the first-order effects of sample size. Since its asymptotic value is exactly half that of the 1-NN rule, it is possible to substitute the 2-NN rule for the 1-NN rule with a resultant increase in accuracy. For further stabilization of the risk estimate with respect to sample size, 2-NN polarization is suggested. Examples are included. The 2-NN approach is extended to M-class and 2k-NN.
Surgical treatment of syringomyelia based on magnetic resonance imaging criteria.

ABSTRACTTHE TREATMENT OF syringomyelia includes many surgical options. We report a retrospective study of 65 patients with cavitary lesions of the spinal cord in whom the results of magnetic resonance imaging were used to develop specific treatment strategies. Intramedullary cavities were classified
Alcohol-related consequences among women who want to lose weight

Previous research has identified a positive relationship between disordered eating behaviors and heavy alcohol use, demonstrating that alcohol use is heavier among individuals with eating disorders or who demonstrate significant symptoms of disordered eating. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this relationship also exists among women displaying milder disordered eating attitudes, defined by a stated desire to lose weight despite maintaining a healthy body weight. Participants in this study were 255 female college students at a large public university in the northeast region of the United States who were either under- or of normal body weight. Results indicated that women who reported a desire to lose weight were significantly more likely to experience several negative alcohol-related consequences, including doing something later regretted and having forced intercourse than those without a desire to lose weight. Results also indicated that the use of protective behavioral strategies was associated with fewer alcohol-related problems among this group. Implications for interventions and future research studies are discussed.
Circadian migration of Hymenolepis (Cestoda) in the intestine. I. Observations on H. diminuta in the rat.

Abstract 1. 1. Three distinct phases of migratory activity of Hymenolepis diminuta in the rat intestine were discerned from examination of the intestinal distribution both of wet weight of worm tissue and of scolices. These phases were: (a) anteriad migration during host fasting in 5- to 7-day-old worms, involving only the anterior 20 in. of the intestine; (b)_a brief period (7–8 days) when no migration occurred, followed by (c) the reverse of phase I migration, in worms over 8 days old, involving the entire length of the intestine. 2. 2. Levels of tapeworm glycogen, but not worm protein nor free amino acids, fluctuated diurnally. Patterns of worm growth and host growth also showed diurnal periodicity, irrespective of the dietary regime. Dietary quality, however, did affect worm migration, the latter being suppressed by suboptimal diets fed to to the host. 3. 3. Migration is considered to the related to the “crowding effect” and may be due to intraspecific, and possibly also interspecific, competition for glucose.
Systematics, Historical Biogeography, and Evolution of the Genus Sorex

Systematic relationships among 26 Palearctic and Nearctic species of Sorex were examined using allozyme electrophoresis. The genus has been classified into three subgenera, Sorex, Otisorex , and Microsorex . Cladistic, phenetic, and distance-Wagner analyses of 26 loci indicate that the subgenus Microsorex should be included within Otisorex , and the subgenus Sorex should be divided into two subgenera. The new subgenus is the sister taxon to Otisorex and Sorex . Comparing results of electrophoretic analyses to the fossil record provides a divergence time from ancestral stock of early Pliocene for the new subgenus, and a time of late Pliocene for the Otisorex-Sorex divergence. Fossil evidence suggests that the S. fumeus, S. cinereus, S. vagrans, S. palustris , and S. hoyi lineages were established in the early Pleistocene. Results of allozymic analyses support the fossil data, and suggest that the divergence from the basic Otisorex stock into these five lineages occurred over a short period of time.
Childhood deafness and maternal control

Abstract Comparison of the mother-child interactions of deaf-child and hearing-child dyads showed an emphasis on control (instructions and commands) by mothers of deaf children. This finding is reminiscent of previous observations regarding the mother-child interactions of mentally retarded children. The maternal emphasis on control seen in both groups may be unrelated to either deafness or to mental deficiency; instead, it may represent a “normal” adaptation to the breakdown in reciprocal communication which is commonly (and unnecessarily) seen in both deafness and mental retardation.
Psychology in police training

Recent studies have concluded that a number of major police departments have under-utilized their trained negotiators and suggested that they be used to develop further training, especially in the area of elementary psychological concepts such as communication and rapport building skills. This argument can be extended to include the use of negotiators or psychologists to train members of the department in essential psychological processes such as the importance of command and control, perception and communication. The advantage of training police personnel in the understanding of psychological concepts is that it can easily prevent injury to the public with the attendant reduction in civil liability. If the officers involved in the case discussed had understood even one of the three areas of basic psychological concepts the hostage might not have been injured nor would there have been the resulting civil liability of the law enforcement agencies. Proper psychological training is of benefit to police agencies not only in the delivery of services, and the advancement of the profession, but also in the prevention of injuries to the public and the lessening of civil liability.
The cation denudation rate model — Its continued validity

The rationale of the cation denudation rate (CDR) model is reviewed, and the history of the application of the model is described. The CDR model was first applied to rivers in Nova Scotia, some of which are strongly colored and carry significant amounts of organic matter. Analytical problems encountered in strongly colored coastal rivers in the determinations of sulfate ions, and their effects upon the application of the model are discussed. The methyl thymol blue (MTB) method for sulfate incorporates part of the organic anion, here called soluble reactive organic anion, or SRA-. Charge balance is obtained between MTB ‘sulfate’ and major ionic species. The CDR model requires charge balance; therefore MTB ‘sulfate’ yields are used for the model. This is equivalent to using sulfate plus SRA- yields for the model. Comparing the status of these rivers in the early 1970s and in the early 1980s, we find that the excess sulfate yields are lower in the latter period, and the mean pHs are generally higher. The model is used to predict the mean pH of these rivers to be expected in the absence of SRA-, or of excess sulfate, or of both, that is, for simple cation-bicarbonate waters.
Energy-conformation studies of HCN, HNC and CN−: A comparison of results from EH-SCC and SCF molecular orbital calculations

We have made an Extended Huckel Self Consistent Charge (EH-SCC) molecular orbital calculation for hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen isocyanide and cyanide ion. The main purpose of this calculation was to compare the EH-SCC and the more accurate SCF MO calculations for HCN in order to evaluate the method we used here for future use. Specifically, we have calculated and compared the following properties of HCN: total energy, binding energy, variation of ground state energy with geometric conformation, ionization potential and dipole moment. In addition, we have extended previous calculations of HCN by also considering its energy variation with bond angle for two excited state configurations and deducing some of the characteristics of its electronic spectra. Finally we have also made an MO calculation of the isocyanide isomer HNC and CN− ion to compare with and add to the known characterization of the H, C, N, system.
Ultratrace kinetic measurements of the reduction of methylene blue

The kinetics of methylene blue reduction by ascorbic acid in acetonitrile was investigated by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Because of our high sensitivity we were able to use very low concentrations (1−10 nM) of the dye. Under these conditions, we observed a second-order loss of dye as well as a competing back reaction with dissolved oxygen. The use of an inexpensive diode laser and a relatively simple setup should make ultratrace kinetic studies more accessible.
Quantum Reference Frames in the Context of EPR

Taking a cue from Bohr’s use of the notion of a reference frame in his reply to EPR’s argument against the completeness (and consistency) of standard quantum theory, this paper presents an analysis ofthe role of reference frames in the situation considered by EPR, using a quantum‐theoretical account of physical reference frames based on the work of Mackey, and Aharonov and Kaufherr. That analysis appears to justify at least some crucial aspects of a Bohrian reply to EPR.
Human perception of dental porcelain translucency correlated to spectrophotometric measurements.

Purpose: This study evaluated the relationship between instrumental measurements and subjective visual assessment of differences in dental porcelain translucency. Materials and Methods: Unshaded feldspathic porcelain was used with controlled amounts of tin oxide to create two groups of 12-mm diameter disks with incremental changes in opacity. Contrast ratio (CR = Yb/Yw) was determined with a spectrophotometer, and used as a measure of porcelain translucency (Group A = 0.20 to 0.40; Group B = 0.6–0.8). Within each group, there were 14 specimens with 11 CRs. Three observer groups (first year dental students, residents, faculty with >10 years of shade matching experience) were recruited to assess the translucency between porcelain disks under two lighting conditions (reflected light, transmitted light). Each subject's ability to distinguish between specimens of differing translucency was determined. Descriptive statistics and three-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test were used to evaluate the translucency perception threshold (TPT) of subjects (α= 0.05). Results: The overall mean TPT (ΔC) was 0.07, while 50% of the subjects could perceive a 0.06 CR difference between porcelain specimens. Three-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference in translucency perception among the observer groups (p < 0.0001), whereas the main effects for porcelain opacity (p= 0.3038) and lighting condition (p= 0.0645) were not significant, and no significant interactions were found. Post-hoc Tukey-Kramer test indicated that the mean TPT observed in the faculty group (ΔC = 0.04) was significantly lower than those observed in student (ΔC = 0.09) and resident groups (ΔC = 0.08), while there was no significant difference between students and residents. Conclusions: The overall mean TPT of all subjects was 0.07, and 50% of the study population perceived a 0.06 CR difference in translucency. Increased shade matching experience (≥10 years) significantly improved the ability to perceive differences in translucency; however, neither the viewing condition nor porcelain opacity affected the perceived translucency threshold.
Incoherence at heterogeneous interfaces

To describe the small scale defect structure of incoherent interfaces in an elastic bi-crystal, we consider a multiscale variational model composed of two parts: a bulk energy density W and a nonconvex interfacial energy density ψ that depends on the microscopic lattice mismatch at the grain boundary and the relative crystallographic normal. Mismatch is described using a referential coherence tensor that measures the relative misfit at the grain boundary and serves to couple the bulk elastic deformation of the grains to small scale defect structures at the interface. Minimizing this energy yields predictions for the distribution of defect microstructures at the interface as a function of grain size, elastic stiffness, and lattice mismatch. Calculations for a heterophase (01) / (01) interface in a two-dimensional bi-crystal system are presented.
Crustal recycling beneath continental arcs: silica-rich glass inclusions in ultramafic xenoliths from the Sierra Nevada, California

We describe silica-rich (up to ∼69.5% SiO_2) glass inclusions trapped as grain boundary films and within-grain pockets in ultramafic xenoliths hosted by Pliocene basalts from the Sierra Nevada, California. The ultramafic xenoliths are lherzolites which equilibrated in the Sierra Nevada upper mantle at 1150–1180°C and ∼1.4-1.8 GPa. The glass inclusions have trachytic compositions, similar to previously described silicic melts from mantle xenoliths [1–9]. We have determined the Sr and Nd isotope compositions of the grain boundary films using a leaching technique, and calculated the glass isotopic compositions. The glass^(87)Sr^(86)Sr (0.7077-0.7085) and^(143)Nd^(144)Nd (≈0.51244) ratios are higher than in the ultramafic xenoliths and distinct from the host basalt ratios. Glasses are characterized by Nb depletions (N/b_nNb_n^*∼0.15), enrichment of light rare earth elements (L/a_nYb_n≈ 50), and the presence of negative Eu anomalies (E/u_nEu_n^*≈ 0.7-0.86), indicating a crustal origin for the melt source. The Nd isotope ratios (ɛ_(Nd)≈ −4) are inconsistent with an oceanic crust as the source for these former melts. The source rocks must have been continental materials recycled in the mantle, either foundered lower crust or subducted sediment. LowRb/Sr (0.036-0.077) and high Sr/Nd (>35) ratios observed in the glasse are suggesting a lower crustal source. The Sierra Nevada lowermost crust (amphibole-bearing garnet pyroxenites and other dense Mesozoic cumulate mafic-ultramafic rocks), as defined by studies of older, Miocene xenolith-bearing volcanic rocks from the same area [M.N. Ducea, J. Saleeby, J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 8229–8244], has isotopic compositions similar to the glass inclusions. Geologic [M.N. Ducea, J. Saleeby, J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 8229–8244] and geophysical [G. Zandt, S. Ruppert, EOS Trans. AGU 77 (1996) 831] evidence indicate that the Sierra Nevada has lost its eclogitic arc root, probably by foundering in the mantle. We propose here that the silica-rich glasses were formed by low percent partial melting of the dense, cold Sierran batholithic lowermost crust during root delamination. Further tests need to be aimed at addressing the viability of the main alternative to our interpretation, i.e. derivation of glasses from melting subducted sediments.
The paradox of the library: information architecture challenges in an interdisciplinary organization

This paper discusses field research in an interdisciplinary public health organization with a small in-house library. The fieldwork revealed how users in the organization often ignored the library (a "formal" information system) in favor of "informal" information sources such as colleagues, search engines, and personal files. The fieldwork thereby inverted a design problem, shifting the focus from building a better information retrieval system to understanding and supporting the information ecology of the organization. The fieldwork demonstrates some of the complexities of information use in practice, and the challenge of designing formally structured information systems (such as libraries) that match how users employ information in their ordinary work practices. We argue that future design efforts could build upon users' "natural streams of information" to develop more effective information architectures and capabilities for supporting users' work.
Design of series-resonant convertor with normalised state-plane diagram

Using the normalised state-plane diagram, a novel approach to series-resonant convertor design is described. The design procedure as well as steady-state responses are given for convertors operated in the frequency range 0.5≤fs/fO≤1.
Surface plasmon dispersion and damping on Ag(110)

Abstract The surface plasmon excitation on the Ag(110) surface along two high symmetry directions, [1 1 0] and [001], has been investigated using angle-resolved electron-energy loss spectroscopy. While the surface plasmon energies at q|≈0 are found to be equal and to agree with reported values for Ag(100) and Ag(111), the dispersions are anisotropic and different from those reported for the other crystal faces. The dispersions can be fitted with second order polynomials in powers of the parallel momentum (q|). The anisotropy in the dispersions appears in the quadratic term. This may indicate the influence of bulk contributions to the anisotropic surface plasmon dispersion. In contrast to the energy of the plasmon, the linewidth is isotropic, dependent only on the magnitude of q|. The qualitatively different dispersion and the linewidth for Ag(110) compared to those reported for Ag(100) by Rocca et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) 2398] indicate a strong face dependence of the surface plasmon of silver.
The Present Status of the Religions of Japan

has long been considered to be the world's greatest museum of religion, so now perhaps Japan may be regarded as pre-eminently the experimental laboratory. Possibly no other nation in history has faced and survived so severe a crisis as that which confronted Japan in her defeat in World War II. Seemingly undone as a nation, Japan began her effort to rebuild at a time when her land had become in a dramatic way the meeting ground of East and West, of the old and the new. Historically a nation of a strong and reverently-cherished tradition, at war's end the Japanese were unable to reaffirm that tradition and build on it. A people regarded as the world's most skillful borrowers and adapters, the Japanese could not assimilate all that was being "bestowed" upon them by their conquerors. Yet, in a sense, they were obliged to do both. The "way back" had to be the "way forward"; still, it was also soon evident that there could be no new life that did not reaffirm the integrity of the old. Thus there was begun a period of enigmatic tensions, relief for which has been sought, and is still being sought, in various types of experimentation, some deliberately and some spontaneously structured. In this situation, religion figures prominently, both as a factor contributory to the crisis and as a phenomenon liable to experimentation in the quest for relief. The present study is an effort to describe selected aspects of the religious factor in Japan, viewed near