cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Outcomes and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

There exists an association between physical and psychosocial factors, which demands that we attend to both in order to optimize patient outcomes. Compared to healthy peers, as a group, adults with congenital heart disease are at elevated risk of neurocognitive deficits, mood and anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These psychosocial difficulties have historically been under recognized and undertreated in the outpatient setting, likely even more so in the inpatient setting. This chapter provides an overview of the psychosocial challenges faced by many hospitalized adults with congenital heart disease, with a particular emphasis on neuropsychological outcomes and trauma experiences. The objective is to improve providers’ confidence in their ability to more effectively recognize and manage these challenges in the inpatient setting.
Extractive Energy and Arctic Communities

This chapter offers a review of the current policy framework for extractive energy engagement with Arctic communities. It reviews the roles of actors and policies that shape industry-community engagements, including policies and frameworks developed by the Arctic Council and its working groups, Arctic states, and non-governmental organization (NGOs). This is followed by a discussion of risks posed to Arctic residents and current strategies for risk mitigation, including environmental impact assessment and impact and benefit agreements. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the need to diversify regional and local economies in the Arctic, particularly in light of climate change and the global transition to renewable energy.
Suicide risk among gender and sexual minority college students: The roles of victimization, discrimination, connectedness, and identity affirmation

Abstract Background Little is known about how victimization and discrimination relate to suicide risk among sexual and gender minority (SGM) college students, or what is protective for these students. The current study will: 1.) determine the extent to which interpersonal victimization, discrimination, identity affirmation, and social connectedness are associated with suicide risk characteristics, and if race and/or ethnicity moderates this association; 2.) examine whether identity affirmation and social connectedness are protective against associations between victimization or discrimination and suicide risk characteristics. Method Participants were 868 students (63.6% female) from four United States universities who completed an online screening survey and met the following study inclusion criteria: self-identification as gender and/or sexual minority, endorsement of at least one suicide risk characteristic and no current use of mental health services. Participants also completed measures that assessed demographics, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), victimization, discrimination, connectedness, and LGBTQ identity affirmation. Results Victimization was positively associated with depression severity, suicidal ideation, alcohol misuse, suicide attempt history, and NSSI. Discrimination was positively associated with depression severity, suicide attempt history, and NSSI. Connectedness was inversely associated with depression severity, suicidal ideation severity, suicide attempt history, and NSSI, and moderated the association between victimization and suicide attempt history. LGBTQ identity affirmation moderated the link between victimization and depression. Conclusions Results suggest efforts to decrease victimization and discrimination and increase connectedness may decrease depressive morbidity and risks for self-harm among SGM college students. Further, increasing LGBTQ identity affirmation may buffer the impact of victimization on depression.
Application of a general expression for the group velocity vector of elastodynamic guided waves

Abstract In the field of elastodynamic guided waves, the calculation of the group velocity vector is closely tied with the numerical techniques used to calculate the waveguide's dispersion curves. These techniques often require mode sorting – which can be difficult for densely packed dispersion curves – or access to large matrices. In this paper, we implement Biot's general energy expression in order to derive the group velocity vector of elastodynamic guided waves. We demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the expression by using it to calculate the group velocity of partial waves, Rayleigh waves, and Lamb waves. We also use it to calculate the skew angle of a guided wave in a transversely-isotropic plate and suggest how it may be used for 2D-arbitrary cross-sections. Explicit expressions for the group velocity are provided for each of these applications, thereby allowing insightful comparison between them. In particular, we compare the group velocity of Lamb waves and the partial waves of which they are composed. The primary benefit of the proposed expressions is that they enable the group velocity to be accurately calculated at a specific frequency and a specific wavenumber by using only the material parameters and the wave's displacement profile. More generally though, they give analysts more options for calculating group velocity and skew angle.
Silanization Mechanism of Silica Nanoparticles in Bitumen Using 3-Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-Glycidyloxypropyl Trimethoxysilane (GPTMS)

The surface functionalization of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to enhance their compatibility and miscibility in the organic medium of bitumen has been performed using various coupling agents. 3-Ami...
Spondyloarthritis is associated with higher healthcare utilization and complication rates after primary total knee or total hip arthroplasty.

Our objective was to assess healthcare utilization and complication rates after primary total knee/hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA) in people with spondyloarthritis (SpA) compared with people without SpA. We performed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression using the 1998–2014 US National Inpatient Sample (NIS), adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, gender, income, Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index, insurance payer, and the underlying diagnosis. The primary THA cohort consisted of 4,116,484 THAs (1.7% with SpA) and primary TKA cohort of 8,127,282 TKAs (1% with SpA). Compared with people without SpA, people with SpA had higher odds ratio (OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) of the following post-THA and post-TKA, respectively: (1) discharge to care facility, 1.16 (1.12, 1.21) and 1.14 (1.11, 1.18); (2) hospital stay > 3 days, 1.15 (1.11, 1.20) and 1.05 (1.01, 1.10); and (3) transfusion, 1.16 (1.12, 1.21) and 1.10 (1.05, 1.14); but lower odds of (1) mortality, 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) and 0.40 (0.19, 0.84); and (2) hospital charges above the median, 0.49 (0.46, 0.53) and 0.48 (0.45, 0.51). SpA was associated with higher odds of implant infection, 3.02 (2.27, 4.03) post-TKA, not post-THA. In-hospital revision rate did not differ. People with SpA utilize more healthcare services and have more complications post-THA/TKA. Interventions to reduce complications and associated utilization are needed.
“What’s going on” in Ferguson? Online news frames of protest at the police killing of Michael Brown:

Public reactions to protests are often divided, with some viewing the protest as a legitimate response to injustice and others perceiving the protest as illegitimate. We examine how online news sou...
Fully-Passive and Wireless Recording of Neural Activity in Freely Moving Animals

A unique system, namely the wireless neurosensing system (WiNS) is tested, for the first time, in a freely moving animal. WiNS was designed to sense neural signals in a battery-free manner, without using complex electronics, and by integrating the key components: (a) implant and external interrogator, (b) neural probes, and (c) demodulation circuit. In this paper, a set of in vivo experiments are carried out to demonstrate recovery of neural signals associated with transitions among states of awareness, and while alternating between resting and walking, i.e. in a freely moving rat. These first ever results were made possible by (a) newly developed low-impedance neural probes to closely match the impedance of WiNS and (b) realization of a new custom 3D printed cap. The collected signals provide concrete proof of this technology's pertinent role in neuroscience.
Internet Addiction and Its Associated Factors among School-going Adolescents in Malaysia

Introduction: Internet usage has changed the way adolescents socialize. This study aims to determine the determinants of internet addiction among school-going adolescents in Malaysia. Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 27,455 school-going adolescents from 212 selected schools in Malaysia, as part of the 2017 National Health and Morbidity Survey that implemented a two-stage stratified cluster sampling design. Data collection via a self-administered questionnaire was conducted from March till May 2017. Results: Overall, 8,049 (29.0%) school-going adolescents had internet addiction. Internet addiction was positively associated with male (odds ratio, OR [95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.20 [1.08,1.34]) compared to female, Chinese ethnicity (1.67 [1.12,2.48]) compared to other ethnicity, feeling loneliness (1.37 [1.20,1.57]) compared to never feel lonely, unable to sleep due to worrying of something (1.40 [1.17,1.67]) compared to able to sleep, insufficient parental supervision (1.30 [1.14,1.48]) compared to sufficient parental supervision, depression (1.67 [1.48,1.89]) compared to no depression, anxiety (2.12 [1.95,2.30]) compared to no anxiety and stress (2.26 [1.96,2.61]) compared to no stress. The odds of having internet addiction increase from Form 2 (1.51 [1.28,1.78]), Form 3 (2.37 [2.01,2.80]), Form 4 (2.60 [1.76,3.85]) to Form 5 adolescents (2.96 [1.98,4.41]) compared to Form 1 adolescents. Conclusion: Our results suggest that being a male, of Chinese ethnicity, higher form level, feeling loneliness, unable to sleep due to worrying of something, insufficient parental supervision, depression, anxiety and stress were positively associated with internet addiction among school-going adolescents. Keywords: Internet addiction – public health – adolescents – NHMS - Malaysia
PPG in clinical monitoring

Abstract The photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform, also widely known as the pulse oximeter waveform, is a noninvasive low-cost optical technique that can be used to detect blood volume changes in the microvascular bed of tissue. The pulsatile component of PPG waveform (AC) is attributed to cardiac synchronous changes in the blood volume with each heartbeat and is superimposed on a slowly varying baseline (DC) component that is attributed to respiration, sympathetic nervous system activity, and thermoregulation. In current pulse oximetry devices, the PPG signal is optimized (amplified and highly filtered) to accentuate its pulsatile component. Pulse oximeters have been used in commercially available medical devices for measuring oxygen saturation and heart rate. The utilization of powerful methods of digital signal processing allows for uncovering the true potential of the PPG waveform in order to guide early goal-directed therapeutic interventions (fluid, vasopressors, and inotropes), to assess of vascular compliance and autonomic function, and to estimate of respiratory rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output.
Masers as Astronomical Tools

Maser radiation provides an intense, collimated beacon that can serve as a probe for the source in which it was produced and the medium in which it is propagating. Some of the probed properties can be deduced even without modeling of the maser process itself. In such cases maser radiation provides a general astronomical tool, employed in the analysis of properties altogether unrelated to maser action per se. This final chapter describes some of the studies that utilized masers in such a general manner.
Essays On Strategic Competition In E-Commerce

Internet technology has changed many aspects of the modern retail industry. One specific change is the birth of web-only retailer. From the start of e-commerce, the webonly retailer intended to compete with conventional brick-mortar retailers. Conventional brick-mortar retailers’ response to web-only retailer has significant implications for market-place performance. The business literature, however, has been dominated by a focus on web-only retailer versus conventional brick-mortar retailers. This chapter strategically models conventional brick-mortar retailers’ adoption of e-commerce, for the purposes of this chapter called dual-channel retailers, as a way to challenge web-only retailer. Balasubramanian (1998), in particular, analyzes the competition found by conventional brick-mortar retailers due to the emergence of web-only retailers. In his setting, conventional brick-mortar stores lose remote consumers to a web-only store because remote consumers find online shopping more convenient than traveling to 2 physical store. That study did not consider the strategic adoption of e-commerce by conventional brick-mortar retailers, however. This study examines the response of conventional brick-mortar retailers to web-only retailer through launching their own online stores. This study begins by modifying Balasubramanian’s basic model (1998) and the new model accommodates the following retailer characteristics for dual-channel retailers: the existing physical store supplements the online store; the online store leverages the retail service advantages of the physical store to differentiate from web-only store. These characteristics underpin the analysis of competition in the retail market. First, the model analyzes a setting where the retail service advantage allows for the co-existence of web-only retailer and dual-channel retailer. In the resulting equilibrium, dual-channel retailers squeeze the market share and profit of web-only retailer. Interestingly, the addition of online store to brick-mortar store does not always increase profits. The analysis suggests that successfully entering the e-commerce market can be determined, in part, by considering pros and cons of the new competition dualchannel retailers will face. Next, a setting is introduced where the retail service advantages drive web-only retailer out of business. The value of having a physical store for dual-channel retailer is so strong that it eliminates the service benefits of web-only retailer. But this domination comes at a considerable cost, from the conventional brick-mortar retailers’ perspective, because the exit of web-only retailer from the market results more intense competition
Efficiency by Incrementalization: An Introduction

Incremental computation takes advantage of repeated computations on inputs that differ slightly from one another, computing each output efficiently by exploiting the previous output. This paper gives an overview of a general and systematic approach to incrementalization: given a program f and an operation ⊕, the approach yields an incremental program that computes f(x ⊕ y) efficiently by using the result of f(x), the intermediate results of f(x), and auxiliary information of f(x) that can be inexpensively maintained. Since every non-trivial computation proceeds by iteration or recursion, the approach can be used for achieving efficient computation by computing each iteration incrementally using an appropriate incremental program. This approach has applications in interactive systems, optimizing compilers, transformational programming, and many other areas, where problems were previously solved in less general and systematic ways. This paper also describes the design and implementation of CACHET, a prototype system for incrementalization.
Kaynak Tanımlama ve Erişim’in (RDA) Gelişimi: Yeni Kataloglama Standardı

Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a new standard for describing and accessing information specifically designed for the digital environment. It is a shift from Anglo American Cataloging Rules, AACR2 and it aims to provide a more user friendly service to library users in locating information in the library online catalogs. It is also targeting to facilitate a cataloging standard which can be shared globally and be edited simultaneously by the catalogers and other users when needed. There are similarities as well as differences between these two cataloging standards.Since the development of RDA started in 2005, there has been a hot discussion among catalogers about the advantages and disadvantages of the two standards against each other. There is also argument on the changes that RDA would introduce to the cataloging standards and questioning if this is the right time to move forward with these changes. This paper provides the reader an overview of the development of RDA standards and the outcome of this new standard yet to be adopted.
Understanding aspects via implicit invocation

Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) promises improved modularity in software design. However, it also presents novel mechanisms and departs from traditional design theory, leaving researchers in need of a theory and developers in need of guidance as to its appropriate use. This paper rests on the idea that the nature and expressive power of AOP lie largely in programming-language-provided implicit invocation (II) mechanisms, with join points as events, pointcuts as event patterns, advice as methods invoked by events, and aspects as classes that also create eventmethod bindings. The contribution of this paper is the idea that exposing the II roots of AOP can expedite development of a theory and practice of AOP. We present a formal reduction from AOP to II, then, as a data point, we show that model checking techniques previously developed for II systems can be used to check formal properties of AOP systems automatically.
Effectiveness of prophylactic Rh immunosuppression after transfusion with D-positive blood

Abstract In a published investigation 42 D-negative men were transfused with single units of D-positive R 1 r (CDe/cde) blood to mimic the D-incompatible transfusion accidents occasionally seen in young D-negative women. Twenty-two men received no therapy and 20 were treated with Rh immunoglobulin in a calculated dose of 20 μg of anti-Rh per milliliter of infused red cells. The reported incidence of serologic D alloimmunization was 81.8 per cent in control and zero per cent in treated recipients. Posttransfusion 51 Cr clearance studies with a challenge with the use of 5 ml. of D-positive cells from the same donor at five months in these identical subjects vary from the results based upon the presence of circulating anti-D active antibody. Exponential immune clearance curves occurred in two control and nine treated recipients. As the first evidence of D alloimmunization is an immune Cr clearance curve followed at some later time by circulating active anti-D antibodies, these data could suggest that Rh immunization actually was 90.9 per cent in untreated control subjects and 45 per cent in treated men. The dose of passive Rh immunoglobulin effective in prophylaxis of transfusion Rh immunization of a D-negative person is still not definitely established, but apparently it is greater than 20 μg of anti-Rh per milliliter of D-positive erythrocytes received.
Properties of the luteinizing hormone receptor of isolated bovine corpus luteum plasma membranes.

Abstract Luteinizing hormone binding sites with high affinity and specificity for ovine-luteinizing hormone have been shown to be present in a purified plasma membrane preparation obtained from bovine corpus luteum. The specific binding of 125I-luteinizing hormone to the membranes is a saturable process with respect to 125I-luteinizing hormone. Native luteinizing hormone competes for the binding in a way expected from the biological identity of the 2 molecules. Human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, two gonadotropins which have luteinizing hormone activity, compete for the binding site of luteinizing hormone, with an affinity which is less than that of native luteinizing hormone. The same holds for the α and β chains of luteinizing hormone which showed, respectively, 100 and 200 times less affinity than luteinizing hormone for its binding site. Follicle-stimulating hormone, which does not have intrinsic luteinizing hormone activity, does not compete for the binding site of luteinizing hormone to an extent greater than its contamination by luteinizing hormone allows. The binding of 125I-luteinizing hormone is temperature-dependent and reaches its maximum in 10 min at 37°. The rate constant of the luteinizing hormone-membrane association (2.17 x 106 m-1 s-1) and dissociation (2.46 x 10-3 s-1) have been measured independently at 23 and 10°. The dissociation constant (1.13 x 10-9 m) based on these rate constants is similar to that (3 x 10-9 m) calculated separately from equilibrium data. Measurement of the rate constants at various temperatures gives similar values for the dissociation constant. This shows that the decrease in dissociation rate is proportionately the same as the decrease in association rate. Binding is maximal at pH 7.6 and is not affected by Ca2+ concentration in the range of 0.1 to 20 mm. The effects of different enzymatic preparations on the binding site of luteinizing hormone have been investigated. It is not affected by DNase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, and collagenase. Treatment of the membrane preparations by neuraminidase increased the binding capacity for luteinizing hormone by 2-fold. Phospholipase C, as well as phospholipase A, decreases it by half.
Screen‐Film Systems

In this article, we discuss the screen-film system as the image receptor in radiography. We outline the physical and photographic properties of intensifying screens and film. The steps for film processing are delineated. Performance evaluation of the screen-film system is discussed in relation to image quality and patient radiation dose. Finally, quality assurance and quality control testing are described for the applications of screen-film systems in radiology. Keywords: intensifying screen; X-ray film; film processing; screen-film cassette; optical density; latent image; reciprocity law
Counting cells in sectioned material: a suite of techniques, tools, and tips.

This unit presents protocols to obtain accurate estimates of cell density and cell number in sectioned material by using a light microscope. The “optical disector” or “3-D counting method” is described, followed by Abercrombie's less commonly used two-section comparison (TSC) method. These basic protocols are accompanied by four support protocols: one for celloidin embedding, which renders superb morphology, one for point counting, which is important for volume measurements and is almost always used in conjunction with the disector or 3-D counting, one for handling the potential problem of z-axis distortion and the consequences that this error can have on density estimates and sampling tactics when using the disector, and finally, one that provides a guide for calibrating and verifying estimates obtained by counting methods. Keywords: stereology; optical disector; cell counting; counting box; bias; two-section comparison method; histology; celloidin; Nissl stain; Cavalieri's rule; volume estimation; z-axis compression; tissue section; differential shrinkage; systematic bias calibration; serial sections
Processed as an Adult A Regression Discontinuity Estimate of the Crime Effects of Charging Nontransfer Juveniles as Adults

Objectives:Test whether processing non-transfer-eligible juvenile arrestees as adults has any effect on their likelihood of criminal recidivism.Methods:A regression discontinuity design is used to analyze the effect of processing juveniles as adults on a four-year felony rearrest measure using a sample of 78,142 felony drug arrests.Results:For the felony drug offenders in this sample, processing juveniles as adults reduced the probability of recidivism by 3 to 5 percent. Based on the rapid onset and limited change in size of these effects over the duration of a four-year follow-up as well as the concentration of the effect within a subpopulation having the least risk of incarceration, we attribute this finding to a combination of enhanced deterrence and incapacitation in the adult system.Conclusions:Our results suggest that processing juveniles in the adult system may not uniformly increase offending and may reduce offending in some circumstances. Our findings also highlight the utility of quasi-experimen...
Pemphigus vulgaris: approach to treatment

The therapeutic management of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is centered around immunosuppression, which can be generalized, as in the use of corticosteroids or steroid sparing agents, or specific, as in therapeutic blockage of autoantibody production, certain cytokines, or signaling pathways. Currently, the backbone of treatment for PV, particularly, first line therapy, remains systemic corticosteroids. Although very effective, the significant side effects of long-term corticosteroid usage are well documented. Adjunctive therapies aim to eliminate, or at least decrease, the necessary dose of corticosteroids. Specifically, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and dapsone are now widely used in PV. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, immunoadsorption, and most recently, rituximab, are other members of the therapeutic armamentarium. However, despite the widening range of treatment options in PV, well-controlled clinical trials and consensus guidelines are lacking.
Tillage and Nitrogen Placement Effects on Nutrient Uptake by Potato

Deep tillage of compacted soils can improve potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber yield and quality if no other production factors are limiting. We hypothesized that within-row subsoiling and N placement would affect tuber yields and availability of plant nutrients. Potato (cv. Russet Burbank) was grown after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1989 and after dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 1990 on a furrow irrigated Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid). Fall tillage treatments (disking, chiseling, and moldboard plowing) were split with zone subsoiling after planting. Nitrogen was broadcast before planting or banded beside the seed piece at planting across all tillage combinations. We estimated plant nutrient status and uptake each year with whole-plant and petiole samplings during tuber growth. Final tuber yield and quality were determined in early October. Fall tillage did not influence nutrient concentration and uptake, tuber yield, or quality. Zone subsoiling increased average plant dry weights 9%, total tuber yields 10% (4 Mg ha '), and quality, and increased P uptake an average of 11.6% (1.8 kg P ha- ') without appreciably changing whole-plant or petiole P concentrations. Banding N increased average plant dry weight 6.4%, total tuber yield 9%, and N uptake 28% compared with broadcast N. Petiole NO 3-N, P, K, and Zn concentrations were higher where N was banded. There were no consistent zone subsoiling x N placement interactions. Higher nutrient applications may be required with zone subsoiling or to compensate for soil compaction problems.
R. Bin Wong, China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. x + 327 pp. $39.95 cloth.

Western scholars of world history, Wong reminds us early in this thought-provoking volume, often feel little compunction in basing their knowledge of China on a few items of secondary literature (ix). The observation will most likely elicit a knowing nod from many of us who labor in nonwestern fields. The reason for such misplaced confidence is, simply put, that historical writing, including that on the non-European sphere, has long been shaped by themes and trajectories drawn from the European experience. As a student of Chinese history and as someone committed to both the intellectual and pedagogical value of comparative history, Wong sets himself an ambitious agenda: “to dislodge European statemaking and capitalism from their privileged positions as universalizing themes in world history” (1). He seeks to do so by comparing the European case to “the dynamics of economic and political change in a major non-Western civilization,” that is, China, and to create “strategies of comparison that avoid privileging European categories of analysis and dynamics of historical change” (2). His objective is thus to delineate a new history that takes into account the multiple trajectories of change across time and space. “These comparisons,” Wong suggests, “can then be used to extend and revise social theory” (6). How successful is he in this important endeavor?
The First Described Case of Occupational Anthracofibrosis in the USA

Anthracofibrosis is a newly recognized disease that was first described in association with tuberculosis in 1998 in Korea. However, recent reports suggest strong association with biomass fuel smoke exposure, and exposure to mineral dusts, coal, silica, and mica. Most of the reported cases to date are in patients from Asia or in immigrants of Asian origin. There are no published reports of anthracofibrosis in the USA. We present the first case of a USA born African American male patient with anthracofibrosis.
Structural architecture of the human long non-coding RNA, steroid receptor RNA activator

While functional roles of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been determined, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report the first experimentally derived secondary structure of a human lncRNA, the steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), 0.87 kB in size. The SRA RNA is a non-coding RNA that coactivates several human sex hormone receptors and is strongly associated with breast cancer. Coding isoforms of SRA are also expressed to produce proteins, making the SRA gene a unique bifunctional system. Our experimental findings (SHAPE, in-line, DMS and RNase V1 probing) reveal that this lncRNA has a complex structural organization, consisting of four domains, with a variety of secondary structure elements. We examine the coevolution of the SRA gene at the RNA structure and protein structure levels using comparative sequence analysis across vertebrates. Rapid evolutionary stabilization of RNA structure, combined with frame-disrupting mutations in conserved regions, suggests that evolutionary pressure preserves the RNA structural core rather than its translational product. We perform similar experiments on alternatively spliced SRA isoforms to assess their structural features.
Stochastic estimation of signal parameters with a non-stationary regression function†

Abstract Stochastic approximation techniques have been applied to the estimation of signal parameters by Sakrison (1966) and the authors (1971). This paper is concerned with an algorithm having a non-stationary regression function. Convergence conditions and a mean-square error bound are presented. Its application to feedback communication and coherent estimation of Doppler frequency is discussed in some detail.
Liquid-Feed Flame Spray Pyrolysis of Nanopowders in the Alumina-Titania System

We report here the synthesis of (TiO2)x(Al2O3)1-x nanopowders with molar ratios that span the TiO2−Al2O3 composition range. The nanopowders were synthesized using liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF−FSP) of mixtures of N(CH2CH2O)3TiOiPr (titanatrane isopropoxide) and N(CH2CH2O)3Al (alumatrane) dissolved in the appropriate molar ratios in alcohols used as solvent and fuel. Ethanol, methanol, and butanol were used in an attempt to regulate the flame temperatures, particle sizes, and size distributions, as well as to influence the phase(s) produced in selected mixed-phase materials produced at x = 0.5. The as-produced powders were characterized in terms of phase, size, specific surface area, composition, and morphology by BET, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA−DTA. At compositions close to Al2O3, the δ phase is the primary phase observed. As the compositions approach x = 0.5, a combination of rutile, α-Al2O3, and Al2TiO5 is observed. Pure titania powders consist of 90:10 mixtures of anatase and rutile; however, dopin...
A Backscatter Radiography Simulation Study

Backscatter radiography has become a well known inspection technique for the cases where the inspection is to be carried out only for one sided configurations. Compared to the conventional projection radiography, the backscatter radiography has more parameters to be adjusted for a well implemented inspection procedure. The interrogating beam and detector collimation, beam and detector orientation and the distance to the target surface are among those parameters that need to be adjusted. The adjustment of these parameters is not straightforward. A simulation based approach can provide good insight into adjusting the parameters. In this article, we show how simulations can be used for understanding the impact of various parameters. In doing that, we also document how the deterministic methods can prove to be very beneficial since the computations can be done only once and the scattered flux can be computed for various detector configurations without going back to transport computations. Some computational results are provided.
Doppler ultrasound evaluation of valvar pulmonary stenosis from multiple transducer positions in children requiring pulmonary valvuloplasty

The modified Bernoulli equation has been used to determine the peak pressure difference across stenotic pulmonary valves. The direction of the poststenotic jet may be eccentric in relation to the axis of the pulmonary artery. Consequently, the maximal velocity obtained from the parasternal transducer position may inaccurately estimate peak pressure difference. Thus, Doppler-derived estimates of pressure difference from the parasternal, subcostal, apical, and suprasternal notch transducer positions were compared with peak-to-peak pulmonary artery to right ventricle catheter withdrawal pressure differences in 24 patients admitted for pulmonary valvuloplasty. Suprasternal, subcostal or apical transducer positions produced higher maximal velocities than the parasternal transducer position in 12 of 24 patients when the studies were performed before cardiac catheterization and in 8 of 12 patients when performed during cardiac catheterization. The Doppler-derived estimates using the highest maximal velocity predicted catheterization pressure difference accurately when the measurements were not performed simultaneously (y = 1.05x - 3.3, r = 0.86, standard error of the estimate +/- 18.7 mm Hg) and the correlation was closer when the measurements were performed simultaneously (y = 1.09x - 2.7, r = 0.97, standard error of the estimate +/- 9.4 mm Hg). The transducer position that yielded the highest maximal velocity in an individual patient was the same before and after valvuloplasty. In all groups, the correlation with pressure at cardiac catheterization was improved by using the highest maximal velocity rather than the parasternal maximal velocity.
Physical activity and functional independence in aging.

(1996). Physical Activity and Functional Independence in Aging. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 67, Selected papers from the International Pre-Olympic Scientific Congress, Dallas, Tx., July 1996, pp. S-70-S-70.
Glutathione modulates rat and mouse hepatocyte sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor α toxicity

Abstract Background & Aims: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α causes much of the hepatocellular injury and cell death that follows toxin-induced liver damage. The mechanism by which toxic liver injury sensitizes hepatocytes to TNF-α cytotoxicity is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the antioxidant glutathione in this process. Methods: A rat hepatocyte cell line and primary hepatocytes sensitized to TNF-α toxicity by the addition of actinomycin D were examined for changes in glutathione levels and for the effects of glutathione depletion or supplementation on cell death. The in vivo effects of glutathione depletion were determined in mice treated with galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide. Results: Treatment of hepatocytes with actinomycin D and TNF-α induced apoptotic cell death without affecting cellular glutathione levels or production of the reactive oxygen intermediate H 2 O 2 . Glutathione depletion induced by diethyl maleic acid significantly increased TNF-α–induced cell death even when this agent was administered 2 hours after TNF-α treatment. Hepatocyte cell death was not affected by glutathione supplementation. In mice treated with galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide, glutathione depletion increased mortality from liver injury from 32% to 72%. Conclusions: TNF-α–induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes occurs in the absence of glutathione depletion. However, a preexisting reduction in glutathione levels can significantly increase cell death from TNF-α. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;115:1229-1237
Genes and Acute Neurologic Disease and Injury: A Primer for the Neurologic Intensive Care Nurse

The genetics revolution has not evaded the neuroscience community. Neurologic diseases and injuries, particularly of the type seen in neurologic intensive care units, are difficult to treat and often have poor prognoses. Recent work has begun to identify genotype-specific influences on development and treatment of multiple sclerosis and stroke. Additionally, responses to diseases and injuries to the brain and spinal cord have genetic influences. This article informs nurses working with neurologically impaired patients in the intensive care unit of specific genes involved in patient response and potential future therapeutics.
Ionizing radiation quarantine treatments

Irradiation is a viable quarantine disinfestation treatment which has been studied for 40 years although it has received very little commercial use. Two principal obstacles to commercial application, 1) the fact that insects are not killed immediately, and 2) consumer opposition to irradiation, have been allayed to some extent, but the remaining impediment to large-scale commercial use is development of approved protocols by government regulatory agencies in importing countries. The United States Department of Agriculture has taken the first step by allowing for the movement of a number of quarantined fruits from Hawaii to the rest of the country following irradiation treatment. The measures of efficacy of irradiation disinfestation treatments should be prevention of adult emergence, when only eggs and larvae are present or sterility when pupae or adults are present. This can be accomplished with relatively low doses that are tolerated by many fruits for such pest groups as tephritid fruit flies, curculionid weevils, and some Homoptera. Lepidoptera will require moderately higher doses. The most radiation-tolerant stage is usually the most advanced one present. Female insects are more susceptible to radiation-induced sterility than males; some spider mite (Tetranychidae) females are more tolerant than males. Future research should concentrate on confirming quarantine treatment doses for more insects (this has only been done for several tephritids), arriving at doses for some important groups of organisms for which scant research has been done (Mollusca, Coccoidea, Thysanoptera, Eriophyidae), and identifying and quantifying radiation-modifying factors.
Abstract 3894: Regulation of VDUP1 expression in breast cancer cells by cyclopamine

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC VDUP1 (TXNIP) is a tumor suppressor protein that contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation through its role as an inhibitor of thioredoxin (TRX). VDUP1 expression is decreased in a variety of tumor cells relative to non-tumor cells and enforced expression of VDUP1 slows tumor cell growth. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) has long been known to increase VDUP1 expression in tumor cells, although the full extent of VDUP1 regulation is not known. Preliminary experiments with Drosophila mutants lacking Hedgehog (Hh) secretion suggested that VDUP1 expression could be regulated by the Hh signaling pathway. Experiments were conducted to determine the ability of cyclopamine (CYCLO), an inhibitor of Hh signaling, to regulate VDUP1 expression in breast cancer cells. MDA-231 and MCF-7 cells, grown in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, were treated with CYCLO (5-20 μM) or vehicle (methanol) for 24-72 hrs. Using an anti-VDUP1 antibody, VDUP1 localization was determined by immunofluorescence staining of cells grown on gelatin-coated coverslips following fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde. VDUP1 expression in methanol-treated MDA-231 cells showed a greater expression of VDUP1 in nuclei, indicated by overlapping expression with the nuclear marker histone deacetylase, as compared to cytoplasm. Treatment with 20 μM CYCLO for 72 hours resulted in a decrease in nuclear VDUP1 expression, coupled with a dramatic increase in cytoplasmic VDUP1. This redistribution of VDUP1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm was detected as early as 24 hours after initiation of treatment with 20 μM CYCLO and was also detected following treatment with 10 μM CYCLO for 72 hours. The CYCLO-induced decrease in nuclear VDUP1 was confirmed with Western blotting. In contrast, no such changes were detected in CYCLO-treated MCF-7 cells. To investigate the direct effect of CYCLO treatment on vdup1 promoter activity, a 1.7 kb fragment of the human vdup1 promoter was inserted upstream of a luciferase gene to generate a vdup1/pLuc plasmid. vdup1/pLuc was co-transfected into CYCLO-treated cells (20 μM), along with a β-galactosidase plasmid and luciferase activity was determined. CYCLO treatment of MDA-231 cells resulted in a significant decrease in luciferase activity, as compared to methanol-treated cells. No changes in luciferase activity were seen following similar experiments conducted with MCF-7 cells. These results demonstrate the novel finding that inhibition of Hh signaling alters both the level of VDUP1 expression and the intracellular distribution of VDUP1 in MDA-231 cells. Future experiments will be directed at determining the mechanisms responsible for the change in the subcellular distribution of VDUP1 seen following CYCLO treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3894.
Saturation and focusing effects in radio-star and satellite scintillations

Abstract The diffraction and refraction theories of radio-star and satellite scintillations are re-examined and successfully reconciled to produce a composite result. This result gives new emphasis to the importance of focusing and saturation effects in scintillation studies. The result is displayed as contours of equal scintillation index on a plot of the distance parameter λz / r 0 2 vs. the r.m.s. phase deviation produced by the irregularities φ 0 . An approximate expression for the scintillation index, previously considered to be valid only for φ 0
Identification and Strategies for Diffusing 911 Abuse Caused by Psychiatric Symptoms

To date, there is limited guidance or consensus on how best to handle 911 abuse caused by people suffering from delusions or dementia. People with delusions who do not meet the threshold to be taken to the hospital for a mandatory evaluation often generate many unnecessary 911 calls. They pose no immediate threat to themselves or others at the time of the call. Paranoid thinking and misinterpretation of events can cause multiple, needless 911 calls. These callers can be a nuisance or even pose a serious problem to public safety by tying up valuable services and by making police race through traffic, risking accidents. This article examines some of the current strategies around the country to address delusional 911 abusers and outlines steps to take on how to diffuse the problem of psychiatric 911 abuse for police officers, social workers, and other mental health professionals.
Maintaining bridge-connected and biconnected components on-line

We consider the twin problems of maintaining the bridge-connected components and the biconnected components of a dynamic undirected graph. The allowed changes to the graph are vertex and edge insertions. We give an algorithm for each problem. With simple data structures, each algorithm runs inO(n logn +m) time, wheren is the number of vertices andm is the number of operations. We develop a modified version of the dynamic trees of Sleator and Tarjan that is suitable for efficient recursive algorithms, and use it to reduce the running time of the algorithms for both problems toO(mα(m,n)), where α is a functional inverse of Ackermann's function. This time bound is optimal. All of the algorithms useO(n) space.
Social Network Analysis of Price Dispersion in Fishing Quota Lease Markets

ABSTRACT We present a novel technique for analyzing price dispersion in non-centralized quota lease markets where pairwise negotiations determine price and price information from past transactions is not generally available. The technique does not require fishing cost or ex-vessel price data and employs social network analysis metrics (namely degree centrality and constraint) to measure access to information and network position for buyers and sellers. Our method is applied to the Gulf of Mexico red snapper quota lease market and finds that certain quota lease traders with larger information-sharing networks or stronger network positions have greater negotiating power. Also, average quota lease prices varied by region even though there are no geographic trading restrictions. Results indicate social networks are correlated with price dispersion and inefficiencies in the trading markets that can undermine the success of catch share programs that seek to improve fishery profits and reduce overcapacity. JEL C...
Efficacy of Ceftobiprole Medocaril against Enterococcus faecalis in a Murine Urinary Tract Infection Model

ABSTRACT We evaluated ceftobiprole against the well-characterized Enterococcus faecalis strain OG1RF (with and without the β-lactamase [Bla] plasmid pBEM10) in a murine urinary tract infection (UTI) model. Ceftobiprole was equally effective for Bla + and Bla − OG1 strains, while ampicillin was moderately to markedly (depending on the inoculum) less effective against Bla + than Bla − OG1 strains. These data illustrate an in vivo effect on ampicillin of Bla production by E. faecalis and the stability and efficacy of ceftobiprole in experimental UTI.
Inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis in rats by dietary restriction

Mammary tumors were induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) in Sprague—Dawley female rats kept under different dietary restrictions. Starting at 40 days of age, 4 groups of rats were either full-fed or fed 25%, 50% or 80% of their daily ration. At 55 days of age DMBA was given by intravenous injection. Rats were continued on the restricted diet until 150 days after carcinogen treatment. Rats on 25% diet lost weight rapidly and the experiment had to be terminated. Rats on the 50% diet maintained a lower body weight throughout the experiment; only 12% developed tumors. Rats on the 80% diet lost weight initially, but at the termination of the experiment, there was no significant difference in body weight between this group and the full-fed controls. Of the rats on 80% diet, 34% developed tumors, compared to 92% tumor incidence in the full-fed controls. Vaginal smears were normal in the animals fed the 80% diet, while some irregularity was observed in the 50% group. Breeding capability in rats on the 80% diet was not affected, since there was no observable difference in the pregnancy rate between these animals and their controls. There was also no difference in plasma level of estrogen between the 80% diet group and the full-fed controls at the time of carcinogen treatment. [3H]Thymidine labelling index was significantly affected by 50% restriction of diet while there was no significant change in the 80% group.