cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vortex phase transitions in monolayer FeSe film on SrTiO 3

The voltage–current (V–I) characteristics in superconducting monolayer FeSe film on SrTiO3 (100) under different magnetic fields are investigated. The zero-field V–I result exhibits signatures of a Berezinski–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, a characteristic of two-dimensional (2D) superconductors. Under an applied magnetic field, with current density lower than the critical current density, the sheet resistance versus current density (R sq–J) dependence changes from ohmic (R sq independent of J) to non-ohmic (a nonlinear dependence of R sq on J) as the temperature decreases, indicative of a vortex phase transition/crossover. We interpret the high-temperature phase as the vortex liquid phase and the low-temperature phase as the vortex slush phase, which has short-ranged vortex lattice correlation, while long-range correlation (i.e. true superconductivity) is absent. No transition into a vortex glass phase is seen, illustrating the importance of thermal fluctuations in a perfect 2D superconductor under a magnetic field.
CITIZENS’ DAILY LIFE UNDER THE PERSPECTIVES OF SINOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY—The Exclusive Interview with Professor Jacob Eyferth of University of Chicago

Sinology-also named China Studies, means a discipline which refers to all aspects of China, but usually involves scholars outside China. During the recent decades, the Sinology researches have always trying to use the anthropology theory in the Han-people Community research. In this interview, Jacob Eyferth, the associate professor in Chinese History, East Asian Languages and Civilization, University Chicago, from the clues of his own academic experience, discussed the relationship between those interrelated subjects, such as Sinology, Anthropology, History, Area Study and STS research. From a view of Sinology Anthropology, he illustrated the paper-making in Jiajiang County, Sichuan and the weaving cotton cloth in Guanzhong, Shanxi as case studies, and gave his unique viewpoints on core problems about the technology control in traditional China society, the gender division of labor and the household structure.
HOT-STATE CLEANING OF DIRECT AIR-COOLED CONDENSER FOR 600MW UNIT IN WINTER SEASON

The unit No.1 in Guodian Longshan Power Plant is the first large-capacity air-cooled unit having been put into operation in the southern power grid of Hebei Province,the process of hot-state cleaning of air-cooled condenser for said unit in winter season has been emphatically presented.Through optimization of hot-state cleaning scheme for the air-cooled unit in many times and reasonable design of the temporary cleaning system,the entire process of hot-state cleaning in winter season is completed only in four days,freezing phenomenon has not occurred on the air-cooled condenser,making the unit no.1 being successfully put into operation in advance.
Visco-elastic surfactant and its applications in oil field operation

Properties of visco-elastic surfactants(VES),the way and laboratory means for identifying the properties,as well as infra-micro-structure and rheological characteristics were introduced.As the concentration of VES solution increases up to a critical value,the spherical shaped micelles change to worm like micelles with a sudden raise of the viscosity.As the concentration further increases,the worm like micelles grow and expand rapidly and linear,flexible rod like micelles are formed.The flexible rod like micelles will twine,tangle and even merge together,forming super-molecules of three-dimensional structure.Then the solution will become highly viscose and display strong visco-elastic characteristics.The applications of VES in oil field operation,such as in fracturing fluid,acidifying fluid,drilling slurry,and in enhancing of the oil recovery were summarized.The future prospect and issues to be solved were also briefed.
263 LACK OF DETECTABLE LEVELS OF FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTERS IN PLASMA OF ABSTINENT LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS.

Background Evaluation of ethanol use before and after liver transplantation is presently hindered by the limited detection period of ethanol itself, a lack of other proven markers, and reliance on patients9 verbal history. Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) are direct metabolites of ethanol that persist at least 48 hours in blood after drinking and have been used as ethanol biomarkers. Fatty acids, a substrate for FAEE synthesis, are affected by immunosuppressive medications. Low levels of ethanol, from endogenous intestinal fermentation or mouthwash, could potentially lead to spuriously increased FAEE levels in the setting of lipid-increasing immunosuppresion. Our FAEE assay detected all three predominant FAEEs (ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, and ethyl stearate) in all 76 samples from recently drinking individuals. We assessed whether FAEEs are detectable in plasma samples from abstinent liver transplant recipients. Methods Thirty-five plasma samples from 30 abstinent liver transplant recipients (M:F 19:11) were analyzed; abstinence was confirmed by the Timeline Followback instrument and breath ethanol analysis. Levels of ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate, and ethyl stearate were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after lipid extraction and solid phase extraction of the samples. Ions 88.1 and 101.1 were monitored. Results At the time of sampling, immunosuppressive regimens included tacrolimus in 26, sirolimus in 21, prednisone in 8, cyclosporine in 8, and mycophenolate mofetil in 6 participants. Regimens included 1, 2, and 3 immunosuppressants in 6, 22, and 6 of the participants, respectively. FAEE levels above the lower limit of quantitation, 60 nM, were not found in any participant. Twenty-two samples had no measurable FAEE and 13 had trace levels, 2-38 nM, which are not distinguishable from instrument contamination due to previous FAEE-containing samples. In all the samples with trace amounts, only one of three FAEEs was present. Conclusion There were no false-positive FAEE assays in this cohort of abstinent post liver transplant recipients, regardless of immunosuppressive treatment. FAEE monitoring in a low-dose ethanol consumption experiment is the next step in validation of this promising method of ethanol use detection in this population.
Modeling and Optimizing Forgetting and Spacing Effects during Musical Interval Training.

From novice to expert, almost every musician must recognize musical intervals, the perceived pitch difference between two notes, but there have not been many empirical attempts to discover an optimal teaching technique. The current study created a method for teaching identification of consonant and dissonant tone pairs. At posttest, participants increased their ability to discern tritones from octaves, and performance was better for those who received an interleaving order of the practice trials. Data mining of the results used a novel method to capture curvilinear forgetting and spacing effects in the data and allowed a deeper analysis of the pedagogical implications of our task that revealed richer information than would have been revealed by the pretest-to-posttest comparison alone. Implications for musical education, generalization learning, and future research are discussed.
Cystic fibrosis--what's new.

DR. WILLIAM BAKER: Two years ago at the 17th ICLAM meeting in London we had the pleasure of hearing an excellent presentation by Dr. Stacey FitzSimmons our next speaker. Stacey gave us good news and improving news about cystic fibrosis and later on, when we went on our tour through Kent and had a delightful lunch at The Oasthouse, I had the privilege of talking to her and signing her up for this meeting because we know that a lot has transpired in the last two years.
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus streatori (Red squirrel)

Secondary constrictions may occur on a number of chromosomes, but usually not on homologous chromosomes.
The right gastroepiploic artery graft: Clinical and angiographic midterm results in 200 patients

From March 1986 to September 1991, the right gastroepiploic artery has been used for coronary artery bypass grafting in 200 patients (171 male and 29 female patients, mean age 58 years, range 6 to 80 years. They were followed up from 6 to 70 months with a mean of 27 months. There were 16 reoperations and 176 patients had triple vessel or left main disease. The gastroepiploic artery (182 in situ and 18 free grafts) was anastomosed to 11 anterior descending, 3 diagonal, 26 circumflex, and 160 right coronary arteries. The internal thoracic artery was concomitantly used in 192 patients. The mean number of distal anastomoses was 2.3 with arterial grafts and 3.3 including additional saphenous vein grafts. Postoperative angiography was performed in 152 patients within 6 months after the operation (mean 2 months) and after the operation second angiograms were done sequentially 1 to 5 years (mean 2 years) after the operation in 40 patients. There were 6 early and 4 late deaths. A new Q wave was noted in 4 patients. Duration of the operation and postoperative complications did not increase with the use of the gastroepiploic artery. Relief of angina was noted in 186 patients. Gastroepiploic artery graft patency was 95% (144/152) in the early postoperative period and 95% (38/40) in the late postoperative period. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was done successfully through the in situ gastroepiploic artery graft for anastomotic stenosis in four cases. In stress myocardial scintiscans, performed sequentially preoperatively and in the immediate, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative periods in 11 patients, washout rate of the gastroepiploic artery-grafted area improved from 35% ± 10% to 45% ± 15% (p
IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON MODE OF TRANSPORTATION AND TIME TO PRESENTATION IN PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Background: National guidelines recommend the utilization of a robust network for pre-hospital care of patients who experience chest pain and other relatable symptoms subsequently classified as ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Despite the widespread use of this network, little is known
A preliminary architecture for building communication software from traffic captures

Security analysts are tasked with identifying and mitigating network service vulnerabilities. A common problem associated with in-depth testing of network protocols is the availability of software that communicates across disparate protocols. Many times, the software required to communicate with these services is not publicly available. Developing this software is a time-consuming undertaking that requires expertise and understanding of the protocol specification. The work described in this paper aims at developing a software package that is capable of automatically creating communication clients by using packet capture (pcap) and TShark dissectors. Currently, our focus is on simple protocols with fixed fields. The methodologies developed as part of this work will extend to other complex protocols such as the Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP), Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP), and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Thus far, we have architected a modular pipeline for an automatic traffic-based software generator. We start the transformation of captured network traffic by employing TShark to convert packets into a Packet Details Markup Language (PDML) file. The PDML file contains a parsed, textual, representation of the packet data. Then, we extract field data, types, along with inter and intra-packet dependencies. This information is then utilized to construct an XML file that encompasses the protocol state machine and field vocabulary. Finally, this XML is converted into executable code. Using our methodology, and as a starting point, we have succeeded in automatically generating software that communicates with other hosts using an automatically generated Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) client program.
Temporal difference-based approach for adaptive cascading outages alleviation and stability improvement in bulk power systems

Temporal Difference (TD) as a powerful approach is a well-known reinforcement learning (RL) method based on machine learning concept. Bulk power systems with sophisticated traditional controls and low reliability are suffering extremely from instability and cascading events followed by a single fault in transmission lines or loss of generation and loads. This paper proposes a novel approach based on temporal difference to alleviate effect of cascading events and enhance the voltage and angular stability in bulk power systems even after multiple contingencies. This TD-based approach is implemented as a complementary control to the AGC units and obtains optimal action policy for accurate tuning of generated output power through a state-action learning process by updating the policy based on the received rewards. The proposed intelligent control is validated by dynamic simulation on the IEEE 118-bus system for multiple case studies. The results show the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach.
The Roles of DNA Topoisomerase IIβ in Transcription

Type IIA topoisomerases allow DNA double helical strands to pass through each other by generating transient DNA double strand breaks βDSBs), and in so doing, resolve torsional strain that accumulates during transcription, DNA replication, chromosome condensation, chromosome segregation and recombination. Whereas most eukaryotes possess a single type IIA enzyme, vertebrates possess two distinct type IIA topoisomerases, Topo IIα and Topo IIβ. Although the roles of Topo IIα, especially in the context of chromosome condensation and segregation, have been well-studied, the roles of Topo IIβ are only beginning to be illuminated. This review begins with a summary of the initial studies surrounding the discovery and characterization of Topo IIβ and then focuses on the insights gained from more recent studies that have elaborated important functions for Topo IIβ in transcriptional regulation.
Pharmacotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma: progress beyond methotrexate?

Studies conducted in the 1990s have established that high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy added to whole-brain radiotherapy improves survival in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). However, radiotherapy-related delayed neurotoxicity has emerged as a serious complication of chemo-radiotherapy, particularly in the elderly. Unfortunately, omitting radiotherapy results in decreased progression-free survival, and therefore establishing more effective chemotherapy regimens is necessary in order to improve the number of long-term remissions. Recent studies have suggested that a combination of drugs is superior to single-agent methotrexate, but the optimal chemotherapy combination and the role of alternative consolidation treatments such as reduced-dose radiotherapy and high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue remain to be defined. In this article, we review the multiple chemotherapy options reported in newly diagnosed and in progressive/ refractory PCNSL, including recently reported and ongoing clinical trials, as well as future perspectives.
Immigration, Applied Research on

The growing number of immigrants and its importance in the demographic changes being experienced in the United States have resulted in a surge in immigration research in the last two decades. This article is an effort to tap into the multidisciplinary literature on immigration to bring the issues that are capturing the attention of the most recent scholarship, pointing to data limitations and gaps. We identify family-based immigration, integration, enforcement, documenting the undocumented, the effects of immigration on the wages of native workers, and inequality as the most pressing issues in current immigration research.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND SOURCES OF MATHEMATICAL SOFTWARE

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the symposium on mathematical software. It also presents an assessment of the present status of mathematical software distribution and sources. The chapter describes the mechanics and development of good subroutine libraries. The advantages of subroutine libraries are: (1) one saves writing a program and (2) one should get a better program than one would write for a single application. These two advantages are sufficient to justify the existence of program libraries in every computing facility. Despite these advantages, there is a considerable body of opinion that program libraries have fallen far short of their potential. It has been repeatedly observed that ordinary users write their own programs rather than use the program library. Many reasons have been advanced to explain this situation. The most likely reason for the shortcomings in the effectiveness of libraries is a lack of appreciation of the motivations and habits of users.
The influence of moral stories on kindergarteners’ sharing behaviour*

The current study investigated the effect of moral stories in promoting kindergarteners’ sharing behaviour. One hundred eight children were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: two experim...
A Morphometric Analysis for the Feasibility of Percutaneous Translacerum Access of the Internal Carotid Artery Based on Computed Tomography Angiography

Background The increasing frequency of elderly patients with severe tortuous anatomy, especially when combined with fibromuscular dysplasia, can make intracranial canalization severely difficult or impossible. Computed tomography angiography was used to determine the feasibility of accessing the internal carotid artery (ICA) via a percutaneous translacerum approach. Methods Twenty consecutive stroke activations with CT angiography were reconstructed in three-dimensional models to take measurements to assess if currently available technologies could safely provide access. We assessed the diameter of the foramen lacerum and ICA. Entry points and angulations were measured based on trajectory. Our trajectory was based on anatomic observations that provided a safe corridor from the angle of the jaw to the foramen lacerum. Results Based on the 40 carotid arteries from 20 patients, 77.5% had a large enough foramen lacerum to provide access to the ICA. Although there were no traversals of the pharynx, we noted a 20% traversal of the eustachian tube and 5% traversal of a small maxillary artery branch. There was no large-vessel traversal by the trajectory. All patients with bilateral stenotic foramen lacerum were African-American women; 44% of African-American women had bilateral stenotic foramen lacerum. The diameter of the ICA and foramen lacerum would not be prohibitive of sheath placement in patients without stenosis with adequate canalized length of sheath necessary for stability. Conclusions Access of the ICA via the foramen lacerum can be safely performed with currently available technologies.
Phase diagram of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ revisited

In cuprate superconductors, the doping of carriers into the parent Mott insulator induces superconductivity and various other phases whose characteristic temperatures are typically plotted versus the doping level p. In most materials, p cannot be determined from the chemical composition, but it is derived from the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, using the assumption that the Tc dependence on doping is universal. Here, we present angle-resolved photoemission studies of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, cleaved and annealed in vacuum or in ozone to reduce or increase the doping from the initial value corresponding to Tc = 91 K. We show that p can be determined from the underlying Fermi surfaces and that in-situ annealing allows mapping of a wide doping regime, covering the superconducting dome and the non-superconducting phase on the overdoped side. Our results show a surprisingly smooth dependence of the inferred Fermi surface with doping. In the highly overdoped regime, the superconducting gap approaches the value of 2Δ0 = (4 ± 1)kBTc The doping level of cuprate superconductors is usually difficult to determine. Here, Drozdov et al. report spectroscopic studies of in-situ modified Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ, exploring not only the superconducting dome but also the previously inaccessible, non-superconducting regime of the phase diagram, with absolute determination of the doping level.
Mining Person-Centric Datasets for Insight, Prediction, and Public Health Planning.

In order to increase the accuracy and realism of agent-based simulation systems, it is necessary to take the full complexity of human behavior into account. Mobile phone records are capable of capturing this complexity, in the form of latent patterns. These patterns can be discovered via information processing, data mining, and visual analytics. Mobile phone records can be mined to improve our understanding of human societies, and those insights can be encapsulated in population models. Models of geographic mobility, travel, and migration are key components of both population models and the underlying datasets of simulation systems. For example, using such models enables both the analysis of existing traffic patterns and the creation of accurate simulations of real-time traffic flow. The case study presented here demonstrates how latent patterns and insights can be (1) extracted from mobile phone datasets, (2) turned into components of population models, and (3) utilized to improve health-related simulation software. It does so within the context of computational epidemiology, applying the Data Science process to answer nine specific research questions pertaining to factors influencing disease spread in a population. The answers can be used to inform a country’s strategy in case of an epidemic.
There is No Association Between the Number of Stent Retriever Passes and the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Transformation for Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy.

Background: Previous research has focused on the association between hemorrhagic transformation (HT) incidence and pre-procedural variables (i.e., baseline variables) rather than the association between HT incidence and endovascular treatment (EVT) procedural variables (e.g., stent retriever passes). Objective: To assess the association, if any, that exists between the number of stent retriever passes per procedure and the incidence of HT for patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: An endovascular database from a comprehensive stroke center was used to collect data on EVT patients treated with Trevo, Solitaire, or Penumbra stent retrievers from the years 2012 to 2017. Statistical analyses were conducted on the stent retriever passes, demographics, morbidities, medication usage, and outcomes and their association with HT. Results: Of the 329 total patients, 46 (14%) had HT. The HT group had an average [SD] of 1.65 [0.67] and range of [1-3] passes per procedure while the non-HT group had an average [SD] of 1.63 [0.86] and range of [1-5] passes per procedure. Admission NIHSS score (p = 0.0003) and the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.05) were significantly higher in the HT group. Subdividing HT into symptomatic and asymptomatic ICH groups failed to display significant differences in the distribution of the stent retriever passes (p = 0.969). The number of passes failed to show any association with HT (p = 0.804) while admission NIHSS score was found to have an OR of 1.07 (95%CI: 1.029-1.121, p = 0.001) with HT incidence. Conclusion: No significant association was found between HT incidence and the stent retriever passes. Further multicenter studies are warranted to corroborate our results.
Airborne Measurements of Surface Wind and Slope Statistics over the Ocean

AbstractAs reported in 1954, more than a half century ago, C. Cox and W. Munk developed an empirical model of the slope distribution of ocean surface waves that has been widely used ever since to m...
Dose Escalation Trial of the Wee1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Combination With Gemcitabine and Radiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

PURPOSEAZD1775 (adavosertib) is an inhibitor of the Wee1 kinase. In this study, we built on our preclinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine an...
Low-cost DIY GPS trackers improve upland game bird monitoring

We tested the possibility and feasibility of assembling Arduino GPS trackers without previous engineering experience and modified them for upland game birds under extreme environmental conditions. Low-cost GPS trackers were assembled and deployed on ring-necked pheasants Phasianus colchicus in conjunction with an ongoing winter survival study. To assess GPS receiver accuracy, we deployed trackers in a static test. The static test fix rate was 1.0, median error was 2.5 m and mean error was 13.3 m (SD = 39.5). During the mobile test, wild pheasants were captured using walk-in funnel traps baited with corn from January to March 2019. During winter, 407 VHF locations and 1574 GPS locations of 35 individuals were collected, resulting in a 287% increase in data density at only 23% increase in cost. The fix rate during the mobile test averaged to 0.83. To determine if trackers were low-cost, we calculated cumulative costs of equipment and supplies required to recreate the GPS tracking unit. GPS costs were $47.60 per unit with an additional $202.00 for the supplemental VHF transmitter.
Pulmonary Complications of Immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic lung cancer. Although immunotherapy generally has a more favorable safety profile when compared with chemotherapy, immune-related adverse events represent important, but incompletely understood, treatment-limiting complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality risk. Current guidelines for diagnosis and management are derived from consensus experience, highlighting that further prospective investigation in this area is needed. As ICI-related pneumonitis is a clinically and radiographically diverse toxidrome, clinical vigilance is important while treating patients with lung cancer.
The mathematics cognitive function in children with sleep disordered breathing: an event-related potentials study

Objective To study the features of impaired cognitive neural mechanism in children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Methods 15 SDB children and 15 normal children, with no significant difference in the age and sex, performed mathematic tasks which include calculating and deciding. ERP was collected by BESA software. The differences of ERP components were compared and analysed. Results (1) The reaction time in children with SDB was longer than that in control group in addition and subtraction(M(P25, P75): 1086.83(986.17, 1393.45)ms vs 909.70(833.35, 1117.82)ms, 1233.74(1021.99, 1388.76)ms vs 967.88(873.68, 1137.32)ms, all P<0.05). (2)Fz in Mathematic ERP calculating: the P1, P2, N2 latency (ms) in children with SDB was significantly longer than that in control group((N1: (133.20±17.60)vs(86.40±19.76); P2: (219.47±16.48)vs(185.73±23.840; N2: (341.07±51.67) vs (297.60±24.18) for addition; N1: (135.20±13.83) vs (88.27±16.95); P2: (215.87±17.43) vs(189.07±19.45); N2: (344.40±43.54)vs(308.27±47.77)for subtraction)(all P<0.05). The P2 amplitudes(μV) for addition of children with SDB were lower than that of control group((6.75±4.56) vs (10.28±4.21))(P<0.05). The N1, N2 latency (ms) for deciding in children with SDB was significantly longer than that of control group while in deciding right (N1: (130.27±14.28) vs (95.20±25.50); P2: (231.07±21.06) vs (194.33±22.45)) and the P3 amplitudes(μV) in children with SDB were significantly lower than that of control group((5.70±3.62 vs(11.29±7.30))(all P<0.05). The N1, P2, N2 latency (ms) in children with SDB was significantly longer than that of control group while in deciding error(N1: (133.47±14.49) vs ( 90.13±21.85); P2: (228.53±25.75) vs (187.33±19.810; N2: 344(318, 360) vs(291.07±26.52)) and the P3 amplitudes(μV) in children with SDB were significantly lower than that of control group((6.75±3.93)vs(10.85±6.05)), all P<0.05. Conclusion Early identification, early processing and executive ability are impaired in SDB children with processing speed decreased. Mathematics cognition is impaired in SDB children. Key words: Sleep disordered breathing; Children; Mathematic cognition; Event-related potentials
A machine learning approach to epileptic seizure prediction using Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signal

Abstract This study investigates the properties of the brain electrical activity from different recording regions and physiological states for seizure detection. Neurophysiologists will find the work useful in the timely and accurate detection of epileptic seizures of their patients. We explored the best way to detect meaningful patterns from an epileptic Electroencephalogram (EEG). Signals used in this work are 23.6 s segments of 100 single channel surface EEG recordings collected with the sampling rate of 173.61 Hz. The recorded signals are from five healthy volunteers with eyes closed and eyes open, and intracranial EEG recordings from five epilepsy patients during the seizure-free interval as well as epileptic seizures. Feature engineering was done using; i) feature extraction of each EEG wave in time, frequency and time-frequency domains via Butterworth filter, Fourier Transform and Wavelet Transform respectively and, ii) feature selection with T-test, and Sequential Forward Floating Selection (SFFS). SVM and KNN learning algorithms were applied to classify preprocessed EEG signal. Performance comparison was based on Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity. Our experiments showed that SVM has a slight edge over KNN.
Why I recovered: A qualitative investigation of factors promoting motivation for eating disorder recovery.

Objective It is difficult for individuals with eating disorders (EDs) to build and maintain motivation to recover. This challenge contributes to high rates of treatment dropout and relapse. To date, motivational interventions have been largely ineffective, and there is little research on factors that affect recovery motivation. To better understand recovery motivation and identify potential intervention targets, this study examines factors that affect recovery motivation in individuals with EDs. Method N = 13 participants completed qualitative interviews. All had been recovered from their diagnosed and treated ED for at least 1 year. We applied thematic analysis to interview transcripts in order to identify factors that had influenced recovery motivation and to classify their effects as helpful, harmful, or mixed. Results Six main themes were identified, with subthemes detailed under each: (a) important people and groups (e.g., social circle, mentor), (b) actions and attitudes of others (e.g., judgmental responses, failure to intervene), (c) treatment-related factors (e.g., therapeutic skills, therapeutic alliance), (d) influential circumstances (e.g., removing triggers, pregnancy/children), (e) personal feelings and beliefs (e.g., obligation to others, hope for the future), and (f) the role of epiphanies (i.e., sudden insights or moments of change). Discussion In this study, we identified potentially malleable factors that may affect ED recovery motivation (e.g., removing triggers, focusing on obligation to others, getting involved in meaningful causes, securing non-judgmental support, building hope for the future). These factors may be investigated as potential targets or strategies in motivational interventions for EDs.
6G mobile communication networks: vision, challenges, and key technologies

While scaled-up commercial 5G networks are currently being deployed around the world, increasing numbers of researchers and organizations have already begun to consider the next generation of mobile communication systems. This article explores the 6G concept for the 2030s and provides some directional guidance for subsequent research. The vision for future 6G systems is characterized by the key terms, "Intelligent Connectivity," "Deep Connectivity," "Holographic Connectivity," and "Ubiquitous Connectivity," which constitute the overall slogan of "Wherever you think, everything follows your heart." The technical requirements and challenges, including peak throughput, higher energy efficiency, connection everywhere and every time, new theories and technologies, self-aggregating communication fabrics, and some non-technical challenges, of realizing this vision are analyzed. Then, the potential key technologies are classified and presented: communication technologies on new spectrums, including terahertz and visible light communications; fundamental technologies, including sparse theory (compressed sensing), new channel coding technology, large-scale antenna, flexible spectrum usage, and AI-based wireless communications; special technical features, including Space-Air-Ground-Sea integrated communications and wireless tactile networks.
Epigenetic modulators for brain cancer stem cells: Implications for anticancer treatment

Primary malignant brain tumors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both adults and children, with a dismal prognosis despite multimodal therapeutic approaches. In the last years, a specific subpopulation of cells within the tumor bulk, named cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells, have been identified in brain tumors as responsible for cancer growth and disease progression. Stemness features of tumor cells strongly affect treatment response, leading to the escape from conventional therapeutic approaches and subsequently causing tumor relapse. Recent research efforts have focused at identifying new therapeutic strategies capable of specifically targeting CSCs in cancers by taking into consideration their complex nature. Aberrant epigenetic machinery plays a key role in the genesis and progression of brain tumors as well as inducing CSC reprogramming and preserving CSC characteristics. Thus, reverting the cancer epigenome can be considered a promising therapeutic strategy. Three main epigenetic mechanisms have been described: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, particularly microRNAs. Each of these mechanisms has been proven to be targetable by chemical compounds, known as epigenetic-based drugs or epidrugs, that specifically target epigenetic marks. We review here recent advances in the study of epigenetic modulators promoting and sustaining brain tumor stem-like cells. We focus on their potential role in cancer therapy.
Turn Pocket Blockage and Spillback Models: Applications for Signal Timing and Capacity Analysis

The development of a macroscopic simulation tool is presented and tested to quantify the effects of short turn pockets on the sustainable service rate of a signalized intersection. Unlike the theoretical signal capacity, the sustainable service rate includes queue interaction effects and is thus influenced by blockage and spillback at the entrance to a short turn pocket. Previous research on the topic has focused either on the probability of spillback from a short turn pocket or the operation of a system with a single approach lane. No macroscopic model currently available has the ability to analyze throughput reductions due to the effects of short turn pockets on a multilane approach. The model described here uses a series of flow and density restrictions on cells of varying sizes on the approach to the intersection. Results, which indicate sensitivity of the model to turn pocket spillback, blockage, saturation flow rate, pocket length, lane utilization, cycle length, phase sequence, phase overlap, permi...
Case Studies from a Community-Focused Engineering Program with Projects in Haiti and Nicaragua

Engineers Without Borders - USA at the Illinois Institute of Technology is an extracurricular, student-led engineering program that has conducted service-oriented engineering development projects in Haiti and Nicaragua that strive to meet the basic infrastructure needs of our partner communities. Projects have ranged from water-distribution, solar electrification, and small and large-scale structures. By participating in the program, students gain real-world experience applying technical skills to a project as well as significant leadership and project management experience. They also gain insights into cultural communication and grow a passion for service learning. The purpose of this paper is to share the challenges we have faced as well as our best practices and governance structure in order to allow other programs to learn from our experience developing relationships with our university, engaging with multiple international partners, and involving a variety of disciplines and skill-levels in our program.
Fast multi-aspect 2D human detection

We address the problem of detecting human figures in images, taking into account that the image of the human figure may be taken from a range of viewpoints. We capture the geometric deformations of the 2D human figure using an extension of the Common Factor Model (CFM) of Lan and Huttenlocher. The key contribution of the paper is an improved iterative message passing inference algorithm that runs faster than the original CFM algorithm. This is based on the insight that messages created using the distance transform are shift invariant and therefore messages can be created once and then shifted for subsequent iterations. Since shifting (O(1) complexity) is faster than computing a distance transform (O(n) complexity), a significant speedup is observed in the experiments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new model for the human parsing problem using the Iterative Parsing data set and results are competitive with the state of the art detection algorithm of Andriluka, et al.
Productivity and Metropolitan Density

This paper evaluates the relationship between urban productivity and density using data on metropolitan areas. This is an alternative measure of the urban economy to the one employed by Ciccone and Hall (1996), who use data on output and education by state and employment and education by county, which excludes agricultural and mining sectors. Instead, our U.S. metropolitan area data are defined contemporaneously for the five available census years from 1950 to 1990. These data allow us to conduct both cross-sectional and panel analyses. Furthermore, since we use a model where income is a linear function of density, these data allow us to evaluate the urban system in its own right. Our results replicate the key finding of Ciccone and Hall (1996): a doubling of population density leads to about a 6% increase in productivity. Our results establish an important role for Jacobs externalities, measured by metropolitan area population.
Effect of stage of initial labor dystocia on vaginal birth after cesarean success

Objective The objective of the study was to examine whether the stage of labor dystocia causing a primary cesarean delivery (CD) affects a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) success. Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women who had primary CD of singleton pregnancies for first- or second-stage labor dystocia and attempted TOLAC at a single hospital between 2002 and 2014. We compared TOLAC success rates between women whose primary CD was for first- vs second-stage labor dystocia and investigated whether the effect of prior dystocia stage on TOLAC success was modified by previous vaginal delivery (VD). Results A total of 238 women were included; nearly half (49%) achieved vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Women with a history of second-stage labor dystocia were more likely to have VBAC compared with those with first-stage dystocia, although this trend was not statistically significant among the general population (55% vs 45%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.8–2.5]). However, among women without a prior VD, those with a history of second-stage dystocia did have statistically higher odds of achieving VBAC than those with prior first-stage dystocia (54% vs 38%, adjusted odds ratio, 1.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.0–3.3], P for interaction = .043). Conclusion Nearly half of women with a history of primary CD for labor dystocia will achieve VBAC. Women with a history of second-stage labor dystocia have a slightly higher VBAC rate, seen to a statistically significant degree in those without a history of prior VD. TOLAC should be offered to all eligible women and should not be discouraged in women with a prior second-stage arrest.
Bacterial Activity Associated with the Decomposition of Woody Substrates in a Stream Sediment

Ground bark and heartwood from Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga menziesii were added to a muddy sediment from a small Oregon stream and incubated in situ. Carbon dioxide and methane production rates were increased by all amendments, the biggest increase being shown with A. rubra wood. Except for sediment amended with A. rubra wood, nitrogen fixation rates from all treatments (including the control) were approximately 0.1 nmol/g per h throughout the 6-month study period. Contrary to expectations, neither bark had a noticeable adverse effect on microbial activity, but the A. rubra wood promoted nitrogen fixation. These results help to explain the faster rate of decomposition of A. rubra wood in water compared with that of P. menziesii described in the literature. The uptake kinetics of glucose (Vmax) did not follow the same pattern as gas evolution.
FINE STRUCTURE AND INSTABILITY OF THE Ml-a LOCUS IN BARLEY

There are many naturally occurring variants at the Ml-a locus in barley that confer resistance to the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei. Since the Ml-a locus is bracketed by Hor-1 and Hor-2, genes that encode storage proteins in the endosperm, the Ml-a locus is amenable to fine structure analysis. Rare susceptible recombinants, as judged by exchange of flanking markers, were recovered in F3 families from the Ml-a10 x Ml-a1, Ml-a1 x Ml-a15 and Ml-a6 x Ml-a13 crosses. Some susceptible recombinants were recovered from the Ml-a6 x Ml-a13 cross that did not fit the expected F 3 family segregation ratios. The Ml-a6/Ml-a13 recombinants often reverted to resistance in subsequent generations. No recombinants were recovered in the reciprocal cross, Ml-a13 x Ml-a6. The possibility of a transposable element and a possible linear order of six "alleles" at the Ml-a locus is discussed.
α, β, and γ Mineralocorticoid Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Splice Variants: Differential Expression and Rapid Regulation in the Developing Hippocampus

Two different types of corticoid receptor molecules bind circulating corticosterone in brain: mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors. MR exhibit the highest affinity for the endogenous glucocorticoid in the rat, corticosterone. During development, low corticosterone levels influence neurogenesis, and these effects are probably MR mediated. Three MR complementary DNA clones, α, β, and γ, have been identified in the rodent. All of these MR complementary DNA clones have identical coding regions, but differ significantly at the 5′-untranslated end. Although the functional significance of these three messenger RNA (mRNA) species remains unknown, one hypothesis is that they reflect the ability of the brain to regulate the expression of MR, allowing multiple factors to differentially control transcription in a tissue- and time-specific manner. To investigate this possibility, we examined the presence of these distinct mRNA forms in the developing rat hippocampus (HC). In situ hybridization...
A FORTRAN program for computing beam patterns of geophone arrays

Abstract The comparison of seismo-acoustic data as acquired with an array of hydrophones and an array of geophone triplets is not a straightforward procedure. The directional response for each sensor array must be known to compare correctly the array data. The method described here shows how to compute the geophone array response for a CW signal using the product of the hydrophone array response and the response as a result of a single geophone. A FORTRAN program demonstrating this procedure is given along with some examples of array response for both hydrophone and geophone arrays.
Reactive astrocytes promote adhesive interactions between brain endothelium and endothelial progenitor cells via HMGB1 and beta-2 integrin signaling.

Abstract Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may contribute to neurovascular repair after stroke and neurodegeneration. A key step in this process should involve adhesive interactions between EPCs and the targeted cerebral endothelium. Here, we tested the hypothesis that reactive astrocytes may play a critical role in enhancing adhesive interactions and transmigration of EPCs across cerebral endothelial cells. Transiently seeding EPCs onto a monolayer of RBE.4 rat brain endothelial cells resulted in a time-dependent adherence between the two cell types. Blocking β2 integrins on EPCs or blocking the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) on endothelial cells significantly decreased EPC-endothelial adherence. Next, we tested whether reactive astrocytes can enhance this process by growing EPCs, brain endothelial cells and astrocytes together in a transwell co-culture system. The presence of reactive astrocytes in the lower chamber significantly promoted adherence between EPCs and endothelial cells in the upper chamber. This process involved the release of soluble HMGB1 from reactive astrocytes that then upregulated endothelial expression of RAGE via Egr1 signaling. Directly adding HMGB1 to the transwell system also promoted EPC-endothelial adhesion and accelerated EPC transmigration into the lower chamber. These initial findings provide proof-of-concept that reactive astrocytes promote crosstalk between cerebral endothelium and EPCs. Further investigation of this phenomenon may lead to a better understanding of cell–cell interactions required for neurovascular recovery after stroke.
The herpes simplex virus type 2 gene which encodes the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase has unusual regulatory properties

Abstract Expression of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) encoded ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is required for growth of the virus in non-dividing cells. The functional enzyme is composed of a large (RRA) and small (RRB) subunit and the enzyme is expressed as a delayed early activity. The promoter of RRA contains a cis -acting motif (TAATGARAT) which resembles those found in immediate early (IE) genes suggesting RRA is an IE gene. When primate cells were infected with HSV-2, low levels of RRA transcripts were expressed in the presence of cycloheximide indicating RRA is not a true IE gene. Conditions which allow for efficient RRA RNA expression in the presence of cycloheximide were identified in human cells. A phorbol ester, 12- O -tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and hydroxyurea increased the level of RRA RNA expression in the presence of cycloheximide. Hydroxyurea and TPA also stimulated RRA promoter activity in transient assays suggesting these agents induced factors which transactivated the RRA promoter. Expression of an intact c-myc gene transactivated the RRA promoter more than 30-fold in transient assays. Although expression of an intact retinoblastoma gene ( Rb ) had a slight stimulatory effect on the RRA promoter, mutant Rb proteins also stimulated the RRA promoter. These studies demonstrated that inducible factors in permissive cells increase the steady state levels of RRA RNA in the presence of cycloheximide.