cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Libertarian Vote in the Age of Obama

Libertarian – or fiscally conservative, socially liberal – voters are often torn between their aversions to the Republicans' social conservatism and the Democrats' fiscal irresponsibility. Yet libertarians rarely factor into pundits' and pollsters' analyses.In 2004 libertarians swung away from Bush, anticipating the Democratic victories of 2006. In 2008, according to new data in this paper, libertarians voted against Barack Obama. Libertarians seem to be a lead indicator of trends in centrist, independent-minded voters. If libertarians continue to lead the independents away from Obama, Democrats will lose 2010 midterm elections they would otherwise win.We find that 14 percent of American voters can be classified as libertarian. Other surveys find a larger number of people who hold views that are neither consistently liberal nor conservative but are best described as libertarian. A 2009 Gallup poll found that 23 percent held libertarian views. A Zogby poll found that 59 percent considered themselves "fiscally conservative and socially liberal," and 44 percent agreed that they were "fiscally conservative and socially liberal, also known as libertarian."Libertarians shifted back to the Republican column in 2008, supporting John McCain over Barack Obama by 71 to 27 percent. Although many libertarian intellectuals had a real antipathy to McCain, the typical libertarian voter saw McCain as an independent, straight-talking maverick who was a strong opponent of earmarks and pork-barrel spending and never talked about social issues. Also, the prospect of a Democratic president working with a Democratic majority in Congress at the height of a financial crisis scared libertarian voters.Younger libertarians were more supportive of Obama. Pro-life libertarians are more Republican than pro-choice libertarians.Few of the voters we describe as libertarian identify themselves as such. But the Ron Paul campaign and the burgeoning opposition to President Obama's big-government agenda suggest that small-government voters may be easier to organize than they have been in the past.
Substance Abuse and Society: A Treatment of Metaphor on Possible Insights into Cognition

Substance abuse in its modern conception exists in a duality between potentially criminal behavior and treatable disease. The Department of Health and Human Services says that substance abuse takes a $510 billion dollar toll on the economy in lost wages and lost earning potential (Miller & Hendrie). This is clearly a very costly issue for society today and with that being the case it would seem like treating this problem is in everyone’s favor. However the rhetoric surrounding the issue of substance abuse exists in a duality between the medical model and the choice to abuse model. For the medical model choice is close to irrelevant as the focus is on treatment and the genetic/environmental factors that contributed to the situation. Whereas thoughts on the morality of abusing substances in this society weigh heavily on the minds of abusers as they are often treated with contempt for what is thought of as their choice to abuse certain substances. It seems as if a disentanglement of terms is needed here to move forward with legislation and provide actual help to the abusers and the society at large. This paper examines the entailments behind the metaphor that substance abuse is a War on Drugs, drug users, or society.
Urbanization and Unintentional Injury in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Urbanization has a complex relationship with injury. The movement of people from rural to urban areas, and their accumulation in cities, changes the risk of injury and its causes. Particularly in developing countries, urbanization exposes people to a host of dangers they often do not encounter in rural areas. It does this through two primary means. In a general sense, urbanization in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is often unplanned and rapid, overwhelming urban infrastructure and its margin of safety. Urbanization outpacing its infrastructure is a major determinant of urban road crashes, for example. Additionally, rapid urbanization often results in great social inequality, with many people living in informal settlements or other substandard housing and working in conditions that are not conducive to safety. Combined with the weak safety enforcement and limited resources for prevention and treatment of injuries, residents of urban LMIC areas often face unacceptably high injury risks. While innovation to prevent injury has lagged behind that of many other LMIC public health priorities, there exist low-cost approaches to prevent injury in urbanized and urbanizing areas—especially for road crashes. There remains an urgent need to adapt models of prehospital and hospital-based trauma care to urban LMIC areas.
New Materials For Laser Repair Of Active Matrix Liqiuid crystal Displays

New materials have been developed for the repair of electrical open defects in AMLICD panel circuitry The metal-containing precursors are volatile, easily pyrolyzed to high purity conducting metal, and are decomposed at temperatures which will not damage the glass substrate or thin film circuitry. New materials have been developed for additive metal repair as well as additive passivation repair. The repair or data line metallurgy on prototype arrays has been achieved, resulting in electrical resistances of the repaired interconnects which were comparable to those of unrepaired interconnects of identical geometry.
An unanticipated halo: pericardial effusion diagnosed on a biliary excretion study.

The presence of a pericardial halo is a well-recognized sign of pericardial effusion when noted on a cardiac blood-pool study. The authors describe this finding on the early images of a biliary excretion study performed to evaluate mildly abnormal liver function tests. Correlative imaging studies subsequently confirmed the presence of a large pericardial effusion of rheumatoid origin.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF ADULT TETANUS IN OGHARA, DELTA STATE , NiGERIA (P1.309)

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical profile and outcome of tetanus admissions in Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara ,between June 2010 and April 2015. BACKGROUND:Tetanus persists to be a global problem due to either failed immunization or poor coverage of many inaccessible populations in both developing and developed societies. Mortality is higher in the developing world with poorly organized health systems METHODS:This was a retrospective descriptive analytic study of the records of all patients with tetanus admitted into the hospital and managed by the neurology unit of Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara from June 2010 to April 2015. Student-t test, Chi square and descriptive statistics of SPSS version 22 was used RESULTS:Twenty-seven patients comprising of 21(77.8[percnt]) males and 6 (22.2[percnt]) females were diagnosed and managed for tetanus during the period under review. The mean age of the patients was 34.07±1.50 years.The patients were largely of low socioeconomic group. Lower extremity wounds and lesions was the commonest portal of entry,74.1[percnt]. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 37[percnt]. Among those managed in the intensive care unit the case fatality was 50[percnt]. The factors significantly associated with increased mortality include short incubation period (p =0.009 ), short onset time (p = 0.001), severity of the disease (p = 0.014) and increasing age (p = 0.03). The mean dose of diazepam received was 216.2mg ±112.04mg per day. The commonest complications recorded in this study were laryngeal and pharyngeal spasms, aspiration pneumonia and autonomic dysfunction. CONCLUSION:Tetanus is life-threatening disease with high case fatality that is still a major health in our environment. There is need to provide better vaccination coverage for all including booster doses for adult males and to improve on medical intensive care facilities and training. Disclosure: Dr. Obiabo has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as a speaker.
DNA barcoding the Lepidoptera inventory of a large complex tropical conserved wildland, Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica.

The 37-year ongoing inventory of the estimated 15 000 species of Lepidoptera living in the 125 000 terrestrial hectares of Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, has DNA barcode ...
Advances in the management of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A detailed description of recent advances in the management of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) is presented. The clinical presentation is reviewed, and newer diagnostic tools, both preoperative and intraoperative, are discussed. An update on surgical management is presented, including indications for abdominal exploration, intraoperative localization techniques, surgical excision, and the approach to patients with metastases or in whom no tumor is found. New strategies in the medical management of ZES also are reviewed. An update on patient survival is presented, and a review of the management of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and ZES is discussed.
Capacity of Cultured Fibroblasts from Different Mammalian Species to Metabolize 7,12-Dimethylbenz (A) Anthracene to Mutagenic Metabolites: A Correlation with Lifespan

Much evidence suggests that the majority of chemical carcinogens are metabolized to their mutagenic and carcinogenic forms. It is possible to determine the capacity of cultured fibroblasts to metabolize 7 , 12-DMBA to its mutagenic form by measuring the rate of 8-azaguanine-resistant mutants produced in a test strain exposed to 7 , 12-DMBA which has been activated by the cultured fibroblasts. Using cultured fibroblasts from several different mammalian species, there was a good correlation between lifespan and the capacity of these cells to activate 7 , 12-DMBA to its mutagenic form. These preliminary data are consistent with the hypothesis that mutagenesis by substances which undergo metabolic activation may contribute to aging in mammals.
Thermoreversible physically crosslinked hydrogels from UCST-type thermosensitive ABA linear triblock copolymers

This article reports on a new class of thermoreversible physically crosslinked hydrogels formed from ABA linear triblock copolymers composed of a hydrophilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMMA) middle block and UCST-type thermosensitive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(AAm-co-AN)) outer blocks. A series of P(AAm-co-AN)-b-PPEGMMA-b-P(AAm-co-AN) ABA triblock copolymers was prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using a difunctional chain transfer agent. At appropriate block lengths, chemical compositions, and polymer concentration, aqueous solutions of the ABA triblock copolymers underwent cooling-induced, reversible sol–gel transitions in water, and the sol–gel transition temperature increased with the increase of the outer block length, the AN molar content in the outer block, and polymer concentration. Dynamic light scattering studies confirmed that the cooling-induced sol–gel transition stemmed from the UCST behavior of the outer blocks of ABA triblock copolymers. These UCST-type thermosensitive block copolymer hydrogels expanded the scope of injectable polymer hydrogels, and will have potential applications in many areas.
Increased Frequency of Polymorphisms in XRCC3 and OGG1 Genes in Patients with MDS.

The effects of genetic factors on susceptibility to MDS are not well understood. The predisposition may be a result of complex genetic traits, various theories can explain how inherited genic sequence alterations could result in a higher susceptibility to this disease. In theory, genes involved in the metabolism of genotoxic chemicals, DNA repair genes and immunogenetic factors could all play a role. Possibly, the predisposition can be multifactorial and overall risk for MDS modified by acute or cumulative effects of environmental exposures. Alterations/variants of genes involved in MDS may result from mutations, which due to LOH or “gene dose effect” could lead to functional consequences. In addition SNPs, may be present in a variety of genes and by modifying their function result in a disease predisposition. For example, genes coding for enzymes involved in the metabolism or detoxification of cancirogens may show polymorphisms associated with low functional capacity. Based on previous reports, we have selected 4 genes for which specific SNPs have been implicated in increased risk of malignancies. Genes involved in DNA repair constitute rational targets of analysis in MDS as their dysfunction could explain increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations characteristic for this disease. For example, OGG1, XRCC1 and XRCC3 have been implicated in sensitivity to DNA damage following radiation and their variants may increase radiation-induced risk of malignancies. The NQO1 variant (involved in the protection of DNA from oxidative damage) was found to be associated with secondary AML (sAML). We have studied the frequency of homo- and heterozygous SNPs of these genes in MDS to determine whether they constitute genetic factors predisposing to MDS. Experimental cohort included 62 patients with MDS (35 RA/RS, 19 RAEB/t and 8 CMML). An allele specific Taqman PCR assay was designed to distinguish between SNPs in OGG1 (S326C), XRCC1 (R399Q), XRCC3 (T241M) and NQO1 (P187S). When XRCC3 was analyzed, C/T and T/T genotype was found in 75% of MDS patients (vs. 47% in controls; N=175; p
The Melancholy Art

Michael Ann Holly offers a lyrical paean to the History of Art in her recent book, The Melancholy Art. Feeling that the “specialness” (xi) of the history of art sets it apart from the other humanit...
Wet Chemical Etching of AlN Single Crystals

Anisotropic chemical etching is an important means for characterizing the polarity and defect density of single crystals. In this letter, we present the results of our studies on the etching of bulk AlN crystals in aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The nitrogen polarity (0001) basal plane initially etched rapidly, while the aluminum polarity basal plane, and prismatic % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaiikaiaaig % dacaaMc8UabGymayaaraGaaGPaVlaaicdacaaMc8UaaGimaiaacMca % aaa!3EF3! $(1\,\bar 1\,0\,0)$ planes were not etched. The etch rate of the nitrogen polarity basal plane eventually decreased to zero, as the surface became completely covered with hexagonal hillocks which were bounded by % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaai4Eaiaaig % daceaIXaGbaebacaaIWaGaaGymaiaac2haaaa!3AFA! $\{ 1\bar 101\} $ planes. The hillock density for the self-seeded AlN crystals studied was typically in the range of 5×107cm−2 to 109cm−2. From our analysis of etched AlN crystals, we infer that freely nucleated crystals predominately have the nitrogen to aluminum direction pointing out from the nucleation surface, that is the ends of the AlN crystals facing the source are aluminum polarity.
Bullshit as a Problem of Social Epistemology

Bullshit is a widely recognized problem. While philosophy has given the topic some consideration, the analysis it offers is limited by an individualistic understanding of knowledge and epistemology. This article reframes bullshit as a problem of social epistemology, drawing on philosophical work on social epistemology as well as related research in psychology and the sociology of knowledge to explore the problem of epistemic vigilance. The article then draws on interactional sociology as well as Glaeser’s recent work on understanding and institutions to delineate those social forces that undermine the task of epistemic vigilance. The article then examines several different types of bullshit in light of this tension between the individual pragmatic need to have true beliefs and the social pragmatic need to get along.
Abstract 162: Hypoxia Inducible Factor Regulates Cardiac Ribonucleic Acid Splicing

Ischemic cardiomyopathy is associated with elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1, a transcription factor that plays a key role in the response to hypoxia. We have created a transgenic mouse model with inducible cardiomyocyte-specific expression of an oxygen-stable form of HIF-1α to better understand the role of HIF-1 in ischemic cardiomyopathy. We performed RNAseq on polyA selected cardiac RNA before and after three days of transgene expression, with 10 million processed reads per sample. Genes were considered possibly differentially expressed if, following adjustment for multiple testing, p-value for the comparison to uninduced was less than 0.05. Genes having evidence of alternative splicing (those with a q-value <0.05 suggesting a change in the relative abundance of the different transcripts deriving from a single transcription start site) were identified. A total of 22 alternatively spliced genes were investigated. One transcript in particular, that for Calmodulin-dependent protein kinas...
Reducible PEG-POD/DNA Nanoparticles for Gene Transfer In Vitro and In Vivo: Application in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Non-viral gene delivery systems are being developed to address limitations of viral gene delivery. Many of these non-viral systems are modeled on the properties of viruses including cell surface binding, endocytosis, endosomal escape, and nuclear targeting. Most non-viral gene transfer systems exhibit little correlation between in vitro and in vivo efficiency, hampering a systematic approach to their development. Previously, we have described a 3.5 kDa peptide (peptide for ocular delivery [POD]) that targets cell surface sialic acid. When functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) via a sulfhydryl group on the N-terminal cysteine of POD, PEG-POD could compact plasmid DNA, forming 120- to 180-nm homogeneous nanoparticles. PEG-POD enabled modest gene transfer and rescue of retinal degeneration in vivo. Systematic investigation of different stages of gene transfer by PEG-POD nanoparticles was hampered by their inability to deliver genes in vitro. Herein, we describe functionalization of POD with PEG using a reducible orthopyridyl disulfide bond. These reducible nanoparticles enabled gene transfer in vitro while retaining their in vivo gene transfer properties. These reducible PEG-POD nanoparticles were utilized to deliver human FLT1 to the retina in vivo, achieving a 50% reduction in choroidal neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration.
Multicenter Benchmark Study Reveals Significant Variation in Thyroid Testing in the United States

Background: Studies show that a significant portion of laboratory testing is unnecessary. Thyroid tests are some of the most commonly ordered laboratory tests. Yet, little is known about practice p...
Chinese Trade in Latin America Compared to the European Union and the United States: The Case of Technology-Intensive Exports

Using trade data submitted by United Nations member states from 1995 to 2013, this article contributes to understanding China's trade with Latin America. By employing and building on the TECH score...
Performance Evaluation of a Differential Phase-contrast Cone-beam (DPC-CBCT) System for Soft Tissue Imaging.

Differential phase-contrast (DPC) technique is promising as the next breakthrough in the field of X-ray CT imaging. Utilizing the long ignored X-ray phase information, Differential phase-contrast (DPC) technique has the potential of providing us with projection images with higher contrast in a CT scan without increasing the X-ray dose. While traditional absorption-based X-ray imaging is not very efficient at differentiating soft tissues, differential phase-contrast (DPC) is promising as a new method to boast the quality of the CT reconstruction images in term of contrast noise ratio (CNR) in soft tissue imaging. In order to validate and investigate the use of DPC technique in cone-beam CT imaging scheme, a new bench-top micro-focus DPC-based cone-beam computed tomography DPC-CBCT system has been designed and constructed in our lab for soft tissue imaging. The DPC-CBCT system consists of a micro-focus X-ray tube (focal spot 8 μm), a high-resolution detector, a rotating phantom holder and two gratings, i.e. a phase grating and an analysis. The detector system has a phosphor screen, an optical fiber coupling unit and a CMOS chip with an effective pixel pitch of 22.5 microns. The optical elements are aligned to minimize unexpected moire patterns, and system parameters, including tube voltage (or equivalently X-ray spectrum), distances between gratings, source-to-object distance and object-to-detector distance are chosen as practicable to be applied in a rotating system. The system is tested with two simple phantoms for performance evaluation. 3-D volumetric phase-coefficients are reconstructed. The performance of the system is compared with conventional absorption-based CT in term of contrast noise ratio (CNR) under the condition of equal X-ray dose level.
Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Review.

Introduction Post-orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare but debilitating cluster of postejaculatory symptoms affecting men. It is a chronic disorder manifesting as a constellation of flulike and allergic symptoms within seconds, minutes, or hours after ejaculation. POIS can be followed by mental sequelae such as diminished concentration and irritability. POIS negatively affects the life of patients by limiting sexual encounters, dampening romantic prospects, creating internal struggles to avoid eroticism, and affecting patients' schedules. First described in 2002, the prevalence and incidence of POIS are still unknown owing to a paucity of studies but is likely under-reported. There are approximately 50 cases of POIS in the literature. Despite the debilitating effects of POIS, the pathophysiology of POIS is still not well elucidated. Aim To provide an update on the current literature on POIS, provide updated information on the pathophysiology of POIS, and discuss potential management options. Methods Comprehensive review of literature pertaining to POIS. Main outcome measures The symptoms, classification, pathophysiology, diagnostic considerations, and management of POIS were reviewed. Results There are 5 preliminary diagnostic criteria for diagnosing this condition. POIS is categorized as primary or secondary. The autoimmune-allergy hypothesis is the most accepted hypothesis explaining the pathogenesis of POIS. A competing hypothesis involves a disorder involving endogenous μ-opioid receptors. Another hypothesis invokes impairment of the cytokine and neuroendocrine responses. There are no known treatment modalities for POIS; patients have been symptomatically treated with antihistamines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and benzodiazepines. A trial of hyposensitization therapy with autologous semen was successful. A trial of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication helped 1 patient described in a single case report, but failed to successfully treat other patients. Conclusions POIS is a rare condition that is underdiagnosed and under-reported. Further studies are warranted to investigate the prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment of this debilitating condition. Nguyen HMT, Bala A, Gabrielson AT, Hellstrom WJG. Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome: A Review. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:11-15.
Implications of Active Material and Optical Mode on Nanoscale Electro-Optic Modulation

Motivated by index-tuning-to-loss tradeoff dictated by fundamental Kramers-Kronig relations, this work demonstrates a comprehensive analysis for high-performance compact on-chip electro-optic modulators for a selected set of active materials and optical waveguide modes.
The onset of fretting at the head-stem connection in hip arthroplasty is affected by head material and trunnion design under simulated corrosion conditions.

Mechanically assisted crevice corrosion (MACC) is a mechanism for trunnion damage in total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Retrieval studies have shown reduced MACC-related damage for ceramic heads compared with cobalt-chromium (CoCr) heads. We propose that ceramic heads demonstrate fretting at higher cyclic compressive loads than CoCr heads on titanium alloy trunnions in a simulated corrosion model. A closed electrochemical chamber was used to measure fretting current onset loads for two modern titanium alloy trunnions (Zimmer 12/14 and Stryker V-40) in which trunnion failure has been reported. Ceramic and CoCr alloy 36 + 0 mm heads were impacted on each trunnion and cyclically loaded at 3 Hz with increasing magnitude from 100 to 3,400 N for 540 cycles. Onset load was the cyclic compressive load at which the slope of the average fretting current increased significantly. A CoCr head with V40 trunnion demonstrated the lowest onset load (1,400 N), while the V40 trunnion with a ceramic head showed the highest onset load (2,200 N). Significant differences occurred in average fretting current between head materials for V40 trunnions (p < 0.001) at loads over 2,000 N. CoCr-12/14 and ceramic-12/14 couples demonstrated similar onset loads (2,000 N). All head-trunnion combinations showed cyclical fretting response to loading at 100 N. Head material composition was observed to increase fretting at the taper junction but the effect was taper geometry dependent. Using ceramic heads may reduce the phenomena of trunnion fretting and corrosion but the effect of both trunnion geometry and metallurgy warrants further investigation. Statement of clinical significance: Trunnion corrosion may occur with titanium alloy stems regardless of the head material used. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1630-1636, 2018.
The Mathematical Gardner. Edited by David A. Klarner

(1984). The Mathematical Gardner. Edited by David A. Klarner. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 91, No. 6, pp. 381-381.
Hobbes and the Hardwick Digests

Three student digests of uncertain origin have been identified among the Hobbes manuscripts now at Chatsworth. This article describes the physical composition and contents of the manuscripts, identifies their textual sources, adds two previously unnoticed digests to the gathering, and offers some suggestions about their character, likely dates, and provenance.
A Spectral-Temporal Method for Pitch Tracking

In this paper, a new spectral/temporal method is described for robust pitch tracking for both high quality and telephone speech. A previous version of this algorithm was presented as YAAPT (Kasi and Zahorian, 2002) [10]. In the current paper, a novel method is presented for spectral pitch tracking, using nonlinear processing to partially restore the potentially missing fundamental frequency. A frequency domain modified autocorrelation is used to determine the spacing between harmonic peaks in the spectrum. The frequency domain spectral track is then used to refine time-domain pitch candidates obtained using the “NCCF or Normalized Cross Correlation” reported by Talkin [1]. Dynamic programming is used to find the “best” pitch track among all the candidates, using both local and transition costs. The algorithm was evaluated using the Keele pitch extraction reference database.
Behavioral Cardiology: Toward the Development of Integrated Treatment Models

Despite decades of research linking heart disease with psychosocial factors, behavioral health services have not yet become part of the standard for cardiac care. Given that more than one out of five patients with heart disease will experience psychiatric distress which requires evaluation and treatment (Dornelas & Burg, 2007), the paucity of information about how to integrate behavioral health into cardiovascular medicine is worrisome. The most common psychiatric disorders in cardiac patients are depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders, all of which respond well to standard psychological treatments in primary care populations. Books such as this represent efforts to organize and integrate behavioral and cardiac medicine. But practitioners should take an active role in applying the science of psychology to the practice of behavioral cardiology. There is incredible diversity in the ways that cardiac illness can combine with individual personality traits, psychological disorders, family dynamics, and other psychosocial factors, as well as an array of different approaches to psychological intervention. Most clinicians will be initially influenced by their own training and orientation but will, by necessity, begin to integrate other sources of knowledge and approaches to patient care into their service delivery. There are many benefits to such flexibility in therapeutic approach. For example, many clinicians routinely combine meditation with traditional behavioral treatments. The traditional argument against eclecticism is that without a clear guiding conceptual framework, clinicians may make inconsistent and arbitrary treatment decisions that fail to help or even harm the patient. It is at this point that the field of behavioral cardiology has reached a plateau. There are an increasing number of clinical intervention trials underway but relatively few published outcome reports at the time of this writing, and so behavioral cardiology clinicians have few guidelines for their work.
Histopathologic Features of Chronic Sinusitis Precipitated by Odontogenic Infection

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease process that can arise in the context of odontogenic disease from the maxillary teeth. The histopathologic features of odontogenic ...
An Autoethnography on the Geography of PTSD

A veteran, first responder, and citizen may have acquired PTSD through very different traumatic experiences. However, their symptoms remain largely the same. While researchers and practitioners con...
A general approach for determination of acceptable FLiBe impurity concentrations in Fluoride-Salt Cooled High Temperature Reactors (FHRs)

Abstract This work quantifies the reactivity impact of 53 impurities within the 7Li2BeF4 (FLiBe) primary coolant for thermal spectrum Fluoride-Salt Cooled High-Temperature Reactors (FHR). It does so not by assuming a mixture of impurities, but by individually assessing the impact of each impurity per amount present, and computing specific reactivity worths. Two approaches are taken to making these estimates, one using the KSEN tool in MCNP6.1 and a more traditional one using spectrum-collapsed absorption cross-sections. The KSEN tool is shown to be quite effective at this procedure. The utility of these specific reactivity worths is demonstrated by estimating the impact of FLiBe impurities upon the coolant temperature coefficient of reactivity, the system excess reactivity, and the achievable discharge burnup for an example FHR. The impurities considered in this analysis are based on an impurity vector that is considered representative for FHR FLiBe. A discussion is provided on the likely sources of impurities in the FHR coolant and the available detection and removal techniques for impurities from FLiBe.
Role of cognitive prompts in video caregiving training for older adults: optimizing deep and surface learning

Enhancing the cognitive functionality of digital technology can be critical in learning complex topics like caregiving for older adults. This study examines the deployment of cognitive prompts in v...
Determinants of early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding in Colombia.

OBJECTIVE To identify modifiable risk factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Colombia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study from the 2010 Colombia nationally representative Demographic Health Survey (DHS). Studied exposures were categorized into five hierarchical blocks of increasing proximity to the outcomes: household, maternal, health systems, child, and early feeding characteristics. The two outcomes examined were delayed breastfeeding initiation among infants <24 months and interruption of EBF among infants <6 months. Prevalence ratios were computed using Poisson regression analysis with robust error variance, adjusted for sampling weights, following a hierarchical modelling approach. SETTING Nationally representative cross-sectional survey from Colombia. PARTICIPANTS The EIBF analytical sample included 6592 and the EBF sample 1512 women with young children. RESULTS EIBF prevalence was 65·6 % in children under 24 months and EBF was 43 % in infants under 6 months. Modifiable risk factors associated with delayed breastfeeding initiation were: C-section (PR = 2·08, CI 95 % = 1·92, 2·25), maternal overweight/obesity (PR = 1·09, CI 95 % = 1·01, 1·17), lack of skilled attendant at birth (PR = 1·09, CI 95 % = 1·01, 1·18). Modifiable risk factors for EBF interruption were C-section (PR = 1·12, CI 95 % = 1·02, 1·23) and prelacteal feeding (PR = 1·51, CI 95 % = 1·37, 1·68). Non-pregnancy intention was a protective factor for EBF interruption (PR = 0·82, CI 95 % = 0·72, 0·93). CONCLUSIONS C-section, lack of skilled attendant at birth, prelacteal feeding, maternal nutritional status, and pregnancy intention were modifiable factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in Colombia.
The Relationship of Gender, Experiential, and Psychological Factors to Achievement in Computer Science

Computer science (CS) is widely recognized as a field with a significant gender gap despite the growing prevalence of computing. Several factors including CS attitudes, exposure to CS, experience with computer programming, and confidence in using computers are understood to be correlated with the low participation of women in CS. These factors also play an important role in students' interest in CS careers and are particularly crucial during secondary school. However, there is a dearth of research that examines differences in how these factors are inter-correlated for younger students (ages 11-13). The purpose of this study was to generate and test a statistical model that demonstrates the inter-correlation amongst these factors with respect to gender. A total of 260 middle school students participated in this study. Four instruments measuring students' CS attitudes, confidence in using computers, CS conceptual understanding, and prior experience with CS-related activities were used. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the hypothesized model. The findings showed that previous participation in CS-related activities had a significant direct effect on CS attitudes and confidence in using computers, but the effect on students' CS conceptual understanding was indirect. We also found that in a female specific model, previous participation had a significantly stronger direct effect on CS attitudes compared to its effect in a male specific model. The importance of providing more CS-related experience, especially to female students, as well as suggestions on activities that promote gender equity in the field are discussed.
Mindfulness and Mental Health

Mindfulness is an essential part of many forms of psychotherapy. This is largely due to its effectiveness in helping people to be invested in and aware of the present moment. Mindfulness involves learning how to be more in the moment, more effective, and less judgmental. It is as much a way of life as it is a therapy skill. Practicing mindfulness will help you and your clients improve physiological and psychological well-being and decrease stress, help you and your clients make better decisions, and increase the joy you experienced from living everyday life. This chapter will discuss the benefits of mindfulness, explain how to adopt mindful attitudes, and discuss a variety of way to implement mindfulness to deal with challenging thoughts, regulate emotions, improve relationships, and broaden your mind to gain more from everyday life.
Association Between LGB Sexual Orientation and Depression Mediated by Negative Social Media Experiences: National Survey Study of US Young Adults.

Background: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons are disproportionately affected by depression and have high social media use rates. Negative social media experiences may modify depressive symptoms among LGB persons. We sought to assess the potential influence of negative social media experiences on the association between LGB orientation and depression. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the potential influence of negative social media experiences on the association between LGB orientation and depression. Methods: We performed a web-based survey of a national sample of US young adults aged 18-30 years. We assessed the respondents’ LGB orientation, negative social media experiences, and depression using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We used generalized structural equation modeling to assess both the direct and indirect effects (via negative social media experiences) of LGB orientation on depression while controlling for relevant demographic and personal characteristics. Results: We found a conditional indirect effect (ab path) of LGB orientation on depressive symptoms via negative social media experience (a: observed coefficient 0.229; P<.001; bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% CI 0.162-0.319, and b: observed coefficient 2.158; P<.001; bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% CI 1.840-2.494). The results show that among LGB respondents, for those who reported negative social media experiences in the past year, a 1 unit increase in these experiences was associated with a 0.494 unit increase in depressive symptomatology. Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher rates of depression among LGB young adults are partially explained by negative social media experiences; these results could help inform future patient/provider conversations about mental health risk and protective factors related to social media use. Reducing these experiences and increasing positive social media experiences among LGB persons may mitigate depressive symptomatology in this population.
Septic Arthritis in Paediatric Patients: A 10-year Experience at a Single Institution:

BackgroundWe evaluated the clinical presentation and microbiological profile of a cohort of paediatric patients with septic arthritis at a tertiary institution in Singapore.MethodsAfter obtaining i...
MISINFORMATION OR ACTIVISM: MAPPING NETWORKED MORAL PANIC THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF #SAVETHECHILDREN

When looking at the recent social-political history of America it is difficult to avoid references to QAnon, a widespread, conservative-leaning conspiracy that amalgamates numerous conspiracies into a single movement. Central to the movement’s growth has been a moral panic around child sex trafficking that has served as a gateway for new adherents to become exposed to broader QAnon rhetoric. QAnon’s co-optation of the #SaveTheChildren (#STC) movement exemplifies this networked moral panic and has played a major role in facilitating the spread of misinformation under a banner of moral authority. This paper explores the proponents of #SaveTheChildren on social media platform Instagram—paying particular attention to their motivations, tactics and desired outcomes—in order to explore how networked social movements build knowledge and organize in spaces that are vulnerable to the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories. Research is drawn from an inductive thematic analysis of 1,400 Instagram posts related to the #SaveTheChildren movement across 2020. Analysis illuminates how the #SaveTheChildren movement is defined more as an identity based, social-political movement rooted in moral panic— rather than one focused on truly supporting human rights. Our analysis illuminates how networked moral panics— facilitated by the affordances and tactics of social media —can bring together disparate communities to spread misinformation under the guise of activism.
The Federal Factory System

This encyclopedia entry describes the United States' factory (trading post) system that was established by Congress at President Washington's suggestion in 1795-1822 to build trading posts across the frontier to capture for the United States the Indian trade.
Purification and characterization of L-serine transacetylase and O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase from kidney bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris).

Abstract 1. 1. Serine transacetylase and O -acetylserine sulfhydrylase have been purified over 50-fold from kidney bean seedlings ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Agarose gel filtration. Each enzyme was free of the other. 2. 2. Serine transacetylase has a pH optimum of 8.25–8.5, is specific for serine and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and l -cysteine. The calculated K m ′s for serine and acetyl-CoA were 6 · 10 −4 M and 2 · 10 −4 M, respectively. 3. 3. O -Acetylserine sulfhydrylase has a broad pH optimum (7.5–8.5). In addition to the synthesis of cysteine, it catalyzes the formation of S -methylcysteine from methylmercaptan and O -acetylserine. No requirement for pyridoxal phosphate could be demonstrated, though it would be expected to be a cofactor.
Early Childhood Intervention Programs: What Do We Know?

It is disappointing that numerous studies have not produced more consistent evidence of the long-term effectiveness (or lack of effectiveness) of early intervention. However, all studies are not created equal, and better studies tend to find larger and more significant long-term effects. Moreover, we show below that the proven short- and medium-term benefits of Head Start already pay back much of the cost of the program. The existing literature also provides some guidelines for the design of early intervention programs. Specifically, it suggests that while it may be useful to intervene before 3 years old, interventions for preschool and school age children can also be effective. Second, the effects of early intervention are generally larger for more disadvantaged children, which provides a rationale for targeting such programs to these children. Third, the most important aspect of child care quality is the nature of the interaction between the teacher and the child. Small group sizes, better teacher training, and other regulable aspects of quality all make positive interactions more likely. Moreover, even rather loose federal oversight of these observable aspects of quality can be effective in eliminating poor-quality programs.
VCs' decision processes: Evidence suggesting more experience may not always be better

Decision-making processes employed by venture capitalists (VCs) varying in experience were compared. Results show that for relatively inexperienced VCs, increasing experience is associated with improvements in reliability and performance relative to a benchmark (a bootstrapping model). Beyond a specific point, however, further gains in experience are associated with actual reductions in reliability and performance. Thus, greater experience at the venture capital task may not always result in better decisions.
The changing and heterogeneous nature of aging and longevity: a social and biomedical perspective.

Much attention has recently been focused on the “rectangularization” of the mortality curve in the United States and other developed counties with the message that we, as a nation, have achieved maximum life expectancy and should turn our attention from increasing it further to improving health status, functioning, and what has become termed “active life expectancy.” While this is a noble goal, it assumes that we are a homogeneous group of Americans keeping pace with one another in this lofty achievement. It ignores the great heterogeneity found in the U.S. population with regard to life expectancy and conditions related to it.
An in vitro transcription analysis of early responses of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat to different transcriptional activators

In this report we introduce a simple, fast, and reliable method to prepare whole cell or nuclear extracts from small numbers of cells. These extracts were used to study transcriptional activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) in vitro. Our results revealed that the time courses of activation of extracts derived from cells stimulated with the mitogenic lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or with the tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) are different. PMA induces a rapid onset of increased in vitro transcription from the HIV-1 LTR, while PHA causes a slow and sustained response. The biochemical relevance of protein synthesis inhibition by cycloheximide treatment of cells was investigated. In these studies, PMA induction of a change in in vitro transcriptional activity is not dependent on protein synthesis. Cycloheximide alone is insufficient to induce activation. Oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that mutation of the TATA box in the LTR ablated initiation of both basal-level transcription and activation by extracts from cells stimulated with PMA. Surprisingly, mutation of both kappa B sites in the LTR reduced but did not eliminate the in vitro response to extracts prepared at early time points after PHA or PMA stimulation of Jurkat cells. The reduction was greater in extracts derived from cells treated with PMA. Deletion analysis of the HIV-1 LTR revealed at least one region (-464 to -252) capable of suppressing in vitro transcription in extracts from Jurkat cells stimulated by PMA. This result is consistent with early studies of the HIV-1 LTR in transient transfection assays. We therefore have been able to observe distinct regulatory events at early time points after cells are exposed to agents known to induce transcription of both the HIV-1 LTR reporter gene constructs and the HIV-1 provirus itself.
Intracardiac thrombosis during liver transplant: A 17-year single-institution study

Intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is an uncommon event. However, it is a devastating complication with high mortality when it occurs. This study aimed to identify possible predisposing factors for ICT during OLT. We retrospectively identified the cases of all patients with ICT during OLT at our institution from 1998 to 2014. Of 2750 OLTs performed, 10 patients had ICT intraoperatively. The patients' immediate prethrombosis intraoperative hemodynamic and coagulation values and thromboelastography (TEG) data were reviewed. Preexisting venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, and the prior placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal hypertension were noted in several patients and may be related to ICT during OLT. A high Model of End-Stage Liver Disease score, low cardiac output, and sepsis did not appear to be associated with ICT. ICT occurred in some patients without the administration of antifibrinolytic agents. TEG and coagulation parameters did not appear to be helpful in predicting the onset of ICT. Four patients had ICT in both right- and left-sided heart chambers; none of these 4 patients survived. All 6 patients with only right-sided thrombus survived. In those who survived, improved hemodynamics and clot disappearance on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) occurred over time, even without the use of thrombolytics. Whether this is because of endogenous thrombolysis or distal clot propagation into the pulmonary vasculature, or both, is unclear. Tissue plasminogen activator may have a role in the resuscitation procedure. In conclusion, without the routine use of TEE during OLT, the incidence of ICT will remain an under-recognized event.