cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Attention Profiles - A Working Paper: First Steps Towards a Quantitative Approach to the Study of Media Attention

News media outlets (newspapers, radio and television broadcasts and websites) have finite capacities. Newspapers have practical limits to the number of articles that can be printed each day. Radio and television broadcasters can fit only so many stories into a 30 minute newscast, and news websites must select which stories fit on their homepages. The genesis of this paper was the anecdotal observation that major English-language news media outlets devote more attention to some countries than to others. This is to be expected: in a given week, some countries will experience newsworthy events like wars, natural disasters, scientific discoveries, economic collapses, sports championships, while others will not. But it is equally clear, on an anecdotal basis, that some countries get far more attention on a consistent basis, without regard to the relative frequency or magnitude of newsworthy events. How do newspapers, newscasts and website divide their attention between regions of the world? To which countries do they devote the most attention? Why do some countries get more attention than others? Do factors like a country's population and the size of its economy predict which countries will command the most attention from media channels? This paper begins to answer some of these questions with repeatable, transparent statistical tools. It introduces the Global Attention Profile (GAP) as a portrait of a news media outlet's attention to various nations. GAP software automatically crawls a news media outlet's website and calculates country-by-country story counts over a period of time. This paper reports these story counts and correlates them to a wide range of country data sets provided by the World Bank. GAP research demonstrates that the most accurate predictor of a media outlet's attention is the size of a nation's gross domestic product. This correlation is significantly greater than the correlation between media attention and the size of a nation's population, and appears to be the strongest correlation between media attention and 21 factors examined. Generally speaking, violent conflict seems to have less effect on media attention than the size of a nation's economy does. While most media sources studied demonstrate similar patterns, one media outlet - the BBC News - shows radically different patterns. The BBC's media attention is more closely correlated to the size of a nation's population than to the size of its economy.
Theory of Boundary Eigensolutions in Engineering Mechanics

A theory of boundary eigensolutions is presented for boundary value problems in engineering mechanics. While the theory is quite general, the presentation here is restricted to potential problems. Contrary to the traditional approach, the eigenproblem is formed by inserting the eigenparameter, along with a positive weight function, into the boundary condition. The resulting spectra are real and the eigenfunctions are mutually orthogonal on the boundary, thus providing a basis for solutions. The weight function permits effective treatment of nonsmooth problems associated with cracks, notches and mixed boundary conditions. Several ideas related to the convergence characteristics are also introduced. Furthermore, the connection is made to integral equation methods and variational methods. This paves the way toward the development of new computational formulations for finite element and boundary element methods. Two numerical examples are included to illustrate the applicability.
Effect of uterine luminal perfusion of PGF2α and PGE2 on uterine vasomotor response and PGF2α output in cyclic cattle

Abstract Six cyclic Holstein dairy cows were anesthetized on days 12–14 post-oestrus. Reproductive tract was exposed by midventral incision, and the ovarian (utero-ovarian) vein and facial artery cannulated. Oviduct was ligated, and a catheter (affluent) introduced into the tip of the uterine horn. The uterine horn was ligated above the uterine body, a second catheter (effluent) introduced into the uterine lumen, and an electromagnetic blood flow transducer placed around the uterine artery. On the day following surgery, the uterine horn was infused constantly for 9 h with PGF 2α dissolved in PBS (0.7 ml/min, 177 ng/ml). During periods 1 and 3 (first 3 h and last 3 h, respectively) only PGF 2α was perfused; during period 2 (between 3 h and 6 h) 101tgμg/ml of PGE 2 were added to the perfusate together with PGF 2α . Uterine venous and peripheral blood samples were collected simultaneously every 15 min, and uterine blood flow recorded continuously. Least-square means for PGF measured in uterine venous drainage for periods 1, 2 and 3 were 315 ± 26, 557 ± 24 and 511 ± 26 pg/ml, respectively ( P P Results do not support the hypothesis that the antiluteolytic effect of PGE 2 is associated with a suppression of uterine PGF 2α release into the circulation. Greater release of PGF to the circulation in period 2 (addition of PGE 2 ) is probably the result of the vasodilatory effect of PGE 2 on uterine endometrial vasculature.
Near-minimal matrix profiles and wavefronts for testing nodal resequencing algorithms.

The speeds of algorithms that are specifically designed to solve sparse matrix equations depend on the ordering of the unknowns. Because it is difficult to know what a good ordering is, many resequencing algorithms have been developed to reorder the equations in a manner that minimizes the execution time of the solver being used. There is no theoretical way of evaluating resequencing algorithms, but four widely used algorithms (Cuthill–Mckee, Gibbs–Poole–Stockmeyer, Levy, Gibbs–King) have been compared with one another on the basis of their performance on a set of benchmark test problems. This paper reports what we believe to be are minimal or near-minimal matrix profiles and wavefronts for the benchmark problems. Comparisons of the minimal results with those produced by the widely used resequencing algorithms show that they produce profiles typically a few tens of per cent greater than minimal, but 50 per cent to 100 per cent greater on two problem types. The algorithm that produced the near-minimal results used a simulated annealing technique, and is far too slow for general use.
The molecular pathology of experimental testicular torsion suggests adjunct therapy to surgical repair.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We review the work of our laboratory in discovering the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin testicular response to testicular torsion. Evidence from animal models is used to discover pathways that might be amenable to manipulation by therapeutic regimens.Materials and Methods: Rats and mice were subjected to 1 and 2 hours of testicular torsion, respectively. Preliminary experiments determined that those are the times of torsion in those species that produce severe testicular atrophy and germ cell apoptosis. A variety of biochemical and molecular biological techniques were used to determine the mechanism(s) leading to spermatogenic disruption and germ cell apoptosis.Results: Testicular torsion can eliminate spermatogenesis despite return blood flow, continued Sertoli cell function and perhaps the continued production of testosterone by Leydig cells, although the latter point is not completely resolved. Torsion repair is followed by a period of germ cell apoptosis, accumulation of t...
Effects of adrenal demedullation on stress-induced hypertension and cardiovascular responses to acute stress.

Because chronic infusions of adrenalin (A) produce hypertension in rats, it has been suggested that A is a mediator of stress-induced hypertension. In order to test the hypothesis that lowering A will attenuate stress-induced hypertension, rats who had their adrenal medullae removed (ADM) and sham-operated controls were subjected to chronic stress. All subjects were offspring of a cross between spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Prior to chronic stress, systolic pressures were the same in the two groups. The stress consisted of 60 2-h sessions of shock-shock conflict during 18 weeks. After conflict stress, the rats were implanted with arterial catheters and allowed two days to recover. The resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 141.2 mmHg in the ADM group and 142.3 mmHg in the Sham group. Cardiovascular responses to acute stress were then examined. The rats were transferred to a test-box and subjected to pulsed foot shocks (0.5-s duration, 5-s intervals) for 5 min. The MAP increase after transfer was 22.3% in the ADM and 4.2% in the Shams (P < 0.001). After termination of the shocks, the MAP was elevated 22.2% above baseline in the ADM and 8.1 % in the Shams (P < 0.02). Five minutes after foot shocks the MAP increase was 21.6% in the ADM and 7.2% in the Shams (P < 0.02). Adrenal demedullation was effective in attenuating plasma A during stress and reduced the plasma noradrenaline response. Therefore, the larger pressor responses of the ADM group seem to result from attenuation of β-adrenoreceptor-mediated dilation of skeletal muscle vasculature. If lowering A has a beneficial effect, it may have been offset by attenuation of β-adrenergic vasodilation.
Conversion of estradiol-17β to reactive embryotoxic intermediates by cytochrome P-450-dependent bioactivating systems

Abstract P-450-dependent enzyme systems added to media of cultured rat embryos markedly increased the embryotoxicity of estradiol-17β. Increases were markedly attenuated by a) omission of NADPH, b) omission of enzyme, c) substitution of female for male rat liver as enzyme source, d) replacement of N 2 with CO or e) replacement of estradiol-17β with diethylstilbestrol. Embryotoxicity correlated well (r=0.84) with catecholestrogen generating activities. Addition of a catechol-methylating system failed to modify embryotoxicity even though large quantities of methoxyestrogens were formed. The results document that endogenous estrogen can be converted by P-450 to embryotoxic intermediates and suggest that reactive proximate metabolites are precatechols, perhaps epoxyenones.
Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Emergence Profile of Overwintered Weevils Measured by Grandlure- Baited Traps and Predicting Total Emergence

Emergence of boll weevils from overwintering habitat was variable among years and among fields within a year. Use of heat units to predict emergence was no more accurate than use of Julian dates. Emergence curves with confidence limits were constructed to show the variability in emergence that could be expected at any time during the emergence period, and to predict future emergence.
Out of cite

Out of cite From Virginia Trimble, Samuel Arbesman (22 September, p 36) and subsequent letters such as Alan Bundy's (20 October, p 31) seem to have missed a major reason for old, very important papers being cited less often as time goes on. The term in Scientometrics is incorporation , meaning that the result has become so integral a part of a discipline that no one feels the need to cite the original paper. I have dubbed this the second order Mossbauer effect : nobody who now uses Mossbauer spectroscopy feels the need to cite original papers on his effect. Letter to the editor. New Scientist. 11/24/2012, Vol. 216 Issue 2892, p33.
Identification of methysticin as a potent and non-toxic NF-κB inhibitor from kava, potentially responsible for kava’s chemopreventive activity

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor that plays an essential role in cancer development. The results of our recent chemopreventive study demonstrate that kava, a beverage in the South Pacific Islands, suppresses NF-kappaB activation in lung adenoma tissues, potentially a mechanism responsible for kava's chemopreventive activity. Methysticin is identified as a potent NF-kappaB inhibitor in kava with minimum toxicity. Other kava constituents, including four kavalactones of similar structures to methysticin, demonstrate minimum activities in inhibiting NF-kappaB.
Strategies for computer-aided diagnosis

Abstract A system consisting of a diagnostic program and a variety of support routines is described. The diagnostic program differs from ones previously reported in several important aspects. The program is based on a model diagnostic problem that subsumes the principal features of a number of real diagnostic problems. The user specializes the program to a specific area by providing information derived from past experience in the area. The program operates in an interactive mode. It performs sequential diagnosis, obtaining additional information from tests that it selects for the user to perform. In evaluating tests, the program considers both the cost of tests and the seriousness of possible misdiagnoses. The inference function employs Bayesian analysis of observed attributes, and can accomodate a variety of interattribute dependencies. The system facilitates the study of a variety of heuristics for various program functions. Some results from the application of the program to a problem in medical diagnosis are presented.
An Outcome Evaluation of a Midwestern Prisoner Reentry Initiative

In recent years, correctional and community agencies in the United States have developed and promoted an array of policies and programs aimed at successfully facilitating the offender transition from prison to community. One model, the Reentry Partnership Initiative (RPI), emphasizes building collaborative partnerships in an effort to deliver a coordinated and continuous stream of supervision, services, and support during the transitional process and includes institutional, structured reentry, and community reintegration phases. The current study evaluates the outcome of an RPI-style model called the Missouri Prisoner Reentry Initiative (MPRI). The impact of MPRI participation was examined by comparing the reimprisonment of two MPRI treatment groups to the reimprisonment of a reference group having no MPRI involvement. The MPRI groups consisted of (a) offenders entering all MPRI phases and (b) offenders receiving MPRI assistance exclusively inside prison. MPRI was not successful in reducing reimprisonment for males but had benefits for females who entered all MPRI phases. Language: en
Beyond the breakup: Heterosexual and homosexual post‐dissolutional relationships

Although most romantic relationships will dissolve, few studies have examined the relationship formed between dating partners after their romance terminates. This study examines the post‐dissolutional relationships experienced by participants who were involved in same‐sex (N = 298) and opposite‐sex (N = 272) romantic relationships. The degrees to which ex‐partners experience interpersonal contact, emotional and sexual intimacy, and satisfaction in their post‐dissolutional relationships was examined. Further, two types of influences on post‐dissolutional relationship qualities were investigated. Variables that originated within the dyad or individuals (personal) had a stronger influence on relationship qualities than did variables that originated from the dyad's environment (structural). The importance of understanding post‐dissolutional relationships and future research suggestions are discussed.
MEASURING THE CREATIVE CLASS: DO WE KNOW IT WHEN WE SEE IT?

: Looking across the growing creative class literature, several methodologies for measurement have been employed: analysis of census data and other economic, business, and quality of life indicators; case studies and other descriptive efforts; and surveys of business leaders and other experts. These methods have provided little overall sense of relative validity. This research examines the nature of the creative class using a variety of measures: occupational and demographic profiles, talent and diversity, an expert survey of successful downtowns, creative class accoutrements, and case studies. Specific research questions include the following: Are rankings on different indicators correlated? Do the same municipalities come up high on all indicators of the creative class? How do the different measurement systems relate to overall economic health and growth? Which measurement or combination of measurement systems appears most reliable?
Developmental differences between germinating after-ripened and dormant excised Avena fatua L. embryos.

Abstract Based on physiological and molecular differences associated with the germination of after-ripened and dormant caryopses and excised embryos, it has been hypothesized that various methods of after-ripening are the only treatments that facilitate the transition of dormant wild oat embryos to a non-dormant state. To further investigate this hypothesis, analytical methods were used to evaluate physical and temporal changes associated with germination and subsequent growth of after-ripened and dormant excised embryos (AR-embryos and D-embryos, respectively) induced to germinate with fructose (Fru) and/or gibberellic acid (GA). While chemical treatments of Fru, GA, and Fru+GA have little effect on the germination and short-term growth of AR-embryos, they do induce germination of D-embryos. Growth following germination of D-embryos varied according to treatment with the combination of Fru+GA inducing the greatest growth over the duration of the experiment. Even considering differences in the time to complete germination, growth of D-embryos was not comparable with that of AR-embryos. This provides physical evidence that chemical treatments induce germination without fulfilling the requirements for normal after-ripening-enhanced germination/growth, and indicates that fructose and/or gibberellic acid do not remove the dormancy-block or rate limiting step in the same manner as after-ripening.
Quantitative Analysis of the Twenty Natural Protein Amino Acids by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A quantitative gas-chromatographic method has been developed and kipplied to the analysis of the 20 protein amino acids and other nonprotein amino acids as their Ntrifluoroacety | nbuty| esters. Pure reference standards were prepared and used to determine yield of derivatives. Yields of 98 ≠ 3% were obtained for dl the amino acids. The calibration curves were linear and showed no statistical bias. Results obtained from malysis of amino acids mixtures and proteins by gas chromatography were in excellent agreement with theory and ionexchange. For qnantitative analysis the amount of amino acid injected is 0.05 to 35μg. The relative standard deviations range from 0.66 to 2.28%. Qualitative analyses can be made on 1 to 10 ng of amino acid injected. The merits and applicability of the relative mole per cent, internal standard, and slope factor methods of calculation ofthe percentage of amino acids are presented and discussed. This method has broad implications in advancing studies in genetics, protein ...
Preclinical characterization of a new liquid “immune globulin intravenous (human), 10% triple virally reduced solution” (IGIV, 10%TVR)

Abstract Rationale In preclinical testing the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of a new liquid 10% intravenous immunoglobulin preparation (IGIV, 10%TVR) was compared with Gammagard® S/D, a licensed lyophilized immunoglobulin for intravenous infusion. Methods Efficacy is proved in vivo by mouse protection testing and in vitro by opsonization and affinity chromatography using protein A Sepharose. The blood-pressure-lowering effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the bronchospastic effect in guinea pigs are used as indicators of the anaphylactoid potential. Pharmacokinetics in rats is evaluated by the variables "in vivo recovery" and "half-life" after a single intravenous dose of 1000 mg/kg. Thrombogenicity is assessed in a rabbit model and the influence of the products on vital functions like cardiovascular, respiratory and blood coagulation variables is tested in dogs. Acute toxicity studies are carried out in mice and rats. Results The mouse protection test showed that the protective activity against systemic bacterial infections of IGIV, 10%TVR is at least as good as the reference Gammagard S/D. This result is supported by the broad spectrum of antibodies in high titers against bacteria and viruses and the high functional integrity of the IgG molecule (≥90% functional intact IgG) in IGIV, 10%TVR. In safety and thrombogenicity studies, no adverse effects of IGIV, 10%TVR were observed. Pharmacokinetic studies showed no statistically significant differences between the two products. In the acute toxicity animal studies, IGIV, 10%TVR was better tolerated than the reference Gammagard S/D. Conclusions Liquid IGIV, 10%TVR combines excellent qualities of efficacy, safety and tolerability.
C196. Diversity: a glance at the federalist paiers

Please be succinct but lucid and interesting.It is helpful if you submit relevant tidy rough work
Supervision and Computerized Neurocognitive Baseline Test Performance in High School Athletes: An Initial Investigation

Context: Computerized neuropsychological testing batteries have provided a time-efficient and cost-efficient way to assess and manage the neurocognitive aspects of patients with sport-related concu...
Are Soldiers Gamers? Videogame Usage among Soldiers and Implications for the Effective Use of Serious Videogames for Military Training

Videogames are increasingly being used for military training. One assumption is that the majority of soldiers play videogames regularly; however, research by Orvis, Horn, and Belanich (2009) found ...
Risk Factors Associated with Negative Interactions between Family Caregivers and Elderly Care-Receivers.

This article reports the findings from a study of factors related to negative interactions between elderly care-receivers, recently discharged from a hospital stay, and their family caregivers. Neg...
Functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the coronary microcirculation.

BACKGROUNDThe goal of this study was to determine the functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the epicardial coronary microcirculation. This goal was accomplished by intracoronary administration of the selective alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and the selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist BHT-933 during measurements of coronary microvascular diameters in the beating heart.METHODS AND RESULTSExperimental measurements were made under conditions with intact vasomotor tone and during coronary hypoperfusion (i.e., under conditions with autoregulatory mechanisms intact and blunted, respectively). Administration of selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists, prazosin and SKF 104078, respectively, confirmed that the agonists were preferentially activating the desired adrenergic receptor subtype because the vasoconstrictor effects of the agonists were completely blocked by the appropriate antagonist. With baseline coronary vasomotor tone intact, phenylephrine caus...
Identification of a gene regulatory network necessary for the initiation of oligodendrocyte differentiation.

Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes requires extensive changes in gene expression, which are partly mediated by post-translational modifications of nucleosomal histones. An essential modification for oligodendrocyte differentiation is the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues which is catalyzed by histone deacetylases (HDACs). The transcriptional targets of HDAC activity within OPCs however, have remained elusive and have been identified in this study by interrogating the oligodendrocyte transcriptome. Using a novel algorithm that allows clustering of gene transcripts according to expression kinetics and expression levels, we defined major waves of co-regulated genes. The initial overall decrease in gene expression was followed by the up-regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and myelination. Functional annotation of the down-regulated gene clusters identified transcripts involved in cell cycle regulation, transcription, and RNA processing. To define whether these genes were the targets of HDAC activity, we cultured rat OPCs in the presence of trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC inhibitor previously shown to inhibit oligodendrocyte differentiation. By overlaying the defined oligodendrocyte transcriptome with the list of ‘TSA sensitive’ genes, we determined that a high percentage of ‘TSA sensitive’ genes are part of a normal program of oligodendrocyte differentiation. TSA treatment increased the expression of genes whose down-regulation occurs very early after induction of OPC differentiation, but did not affect the expression of genes with a slower kinetic. Among the increased ‘TSA sensitive’ genes we detected several transcription factors including Id2, Egr1, and Sox11, whose down-regulation is critical for OPC differentiation. Thus, HDAC target genes include clusters of co-regulated genes involved in transcriptional repression. These results support a de-repression model of oligodendrocyte lineage progression that relies on the concurrent down-regulation of several inhibitors of differentiation.
Hydrodechlorination reactions of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and chloroethane in H2 and D2 on Pd catalysts

Abstract Deuterium isotope exchange was employed to investigate some of the reaction steps for the hydrodechlorination of CF 3 CFHCl and CH 3 CH 2 Cl on supported Pd catalysts. Hydrodechlorination rates for both compounds using D 2 or H 2 were identical. It is concluded that H or D species are not involved in the rate-determining step of the hydrodechlorination reaction. Experiments using a combined H 2 and D 2 feed for hydrodechlorination of CF 3 CFHCl showed that CF 3 CFH 2 was preferentially formed over CF 3 CFHD. This experimental observation can be explained by isotope effects and is consistent with gas phase H 2 in equilibrium with adsorbed H and a reaction step consisting of the combination of surface adsorbed CF 3 CFH species with adsorbed H. Deuterated product distributions of CF 3 CFHCl and CH 3 CH 2 Cl hydrodechlorination experiments with D 2 were analyzed to explore the reaction steps beyond the kinetically relevant steps. The main product of CF 3 CFHCl hydrodechlorination was CF 3 CFHD, showing that the CCl bond is preferentially broken. In the case of CH 3 CH 2 Cl, substantial CH bond breaking accompanies the initial CCl scission. Deuterium exchange experiments with ethane on Pd/C and Pd/ZrO 2 were also investigated and the results indicate that the CH 3 CH 2 Cl product distribution is not caused by re-adsorption and subsequent exchange reaction of ethane.
The Effect of Clinical Decision Support for Advanced Inpatient Imaging

Abstract Purpose To examine the effect of integrating point-of-care clinical decision support (CDS) using the ACR Appropriateness Criteria (AC) into an inpatient computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system for advanced imaging requests. Methods Over 12 months, inpatient CPOE requests for nuclear medicine, CT, and MRI were processed by CDS to generate an AC score using provider-selected data from pull-down menus. During the second 6-month period, AC scores were displayed to ordering providers, and acknowledgement was required to finalize a request. Request AC scores and percentages of requests not scored by CDS were compared among primary care providers (PCPs) and specialists, and by years in practice of the responsible physician of record. Results CDS prospectively generated a score for 26.0% and 30.3% of baseline and intervention requests, respectively. The average AC score increased slightly for all requests (7.2 ± 1.6 versus 7.4 ± 1.5; P P P P P P Conclusions Integrating CDS into inpatient CPOE slightly increased the overall AC score of advanced imaging requests as well as the provision of sufficient structured data to automatically generate AC scores. Both effects were more pronounced in PCPs compared with specialists.
Hypoxia increases VEGF-A production by prostate cancer and bone marrow stromal cells and initiates paracrine activation of bone marrow endothelial cells

Hypoxia develops at sites of rapid cancer growth near sites of poorly organized vasculature. Heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) support neoangiogenesis of tumors. We examined the effect of culturing bone-targeted, metastatic C4-2B prostate cancer cells and bone stromal derived HS27a cells under hypoxic conditions on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members. A sealed chamber infused with 1% (hypoxic) or 20% (normoxic) O(2) was used. Both cell lines produced VEGF-A in normoxia, but little or no HB-EGF, another HBGF. HS27a cells produced low levels of FGF-2 and HGF, but little or none was secreted by C4-2B cells. Levels of VEGF-A in conditioned medium (CM) from both cell lines doubled when cultured in hypoxia. Similar changes in VEGF-A mRNA levels were seen. Receptor expression was unchanged by hypoxia. Changes in VEGF-A expression during hypoxia were preceded by nuclear accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Bone marrow endothelial (BME) cells express high levels of VEGFR2/flk-1, and are targets of VEGF-A induced neovascularization. BME cells proliferated in response to treatment with HS27a CM, but not C4-2B CM. BME cells formed tube-like angiogenic structures on growth factor reduced Matrigel in response to CM from HS27a or C4-2B cells. This response was greater when CM was produced under hypoxia, and was reduced by VEGF-A or FGF-2 neutralizing antibodies. We conclude that hypoxia triggers a physiologically relevant increase in VEGF-A by prostate cancer and bone marrow stromal cells which involves a paracrine loop that recruits and activates BME to support tumor neovascularization-related processes.
The Novel Tumor Suppressor NOL7 Post-transcriptionally Regulates Thrombospondin-1 expression.

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis whose expression suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Like many angiogenesis-related genes, TSP-1 expression is tightly controlled by various mechanisms, but there is little data regarding the contribution of post-transcriptional processing to this regulation. NOL7 is a novel tumor suppressor that induces an antiangiogenic phenotype and suppresses tumor growth, in part through upregulation of TSP-1. Here we demonstrate that NOL7 is an mRNA-binding protein that must localize to the nucleoplasm to exert its antiangiogenic and tumor suppressive effects. There, it associates with the RNA-processing machinery and specifically interacts with TSP-1 mRNA through its 3'UTR. Reintroduction of NOL7 into SiHa cells increases luciferase expression through interaction with the TSP-1 3'UTR at both the mRNA and protein levels. NOL7 also increases endogenous TSP-1 mRNA half-life. Further, NOL7 post-transcriptional stabilization is observed in a subset of angiogenesis-related mRNAs, suggesting that the stabilization of TSP-1 may be part of a larger novel mechanism. These data demonstrate that NOL7 significantly alters TSP-1 expression and may be a master regulator that coordinates the post-transcriptional expression of key signaling factors critical for the regulation of the angiogenic phenotype.
Ultrastructure and lysosomal histochemistry of ia rat osteoclasts.

Histochemical techniques for light and electron microscopy showed that metaphyseal osteoclasts in “incisors absent” rats contained greater than normal amounts of lysosomal acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase and acid trimetaphosphatase. Lysosomal phosphatase activity at neutral pH was also elevated in the metaphyseal osteoclasts except in those cells immediately beneath the growth plate, where this enzyme was absent. The failure of any discernable resorption of organic matrix appeared to correlate with the absence of a ruffled border and a concomittant absence of extracellular lysosomal enzyme. Despite this failure, electron microscopic evidence of inorganic crystal removal was noted, suggesting that mineral dissolution represents a separate process from the enzymatic breakdown of organic matrix.
SPECIFIC HEAT AND SUPERFLUID DENSITY OF LIQUID HELIUM IN POROUS MEDIA.

An experimental and theoretical investigation of liquid helium confined to the small pores of highly compressed powders was carried out in order to investigate size effects in liquid helium. The specific heat measurement show that the bulk specific heat singularity is replaced by a flattened peak that is shifted towards lower temperatures with decreasing pore size. The superflow onset temperature and the superfluid fraction ρs/ρ were determined from fourth-sound measurements in the same powders in which specific heat measurements were made. The onset temperature and the temperature of the specific heat peak were found to be equal within experimental error. The Ginzburg-Pitaevskii model was used to calculate the specific heat of liquid helium in finite systems.
Trichotillomania: women's reports of treatment efficacy.

Trichotillomania (TTM) is an enigmatic disease characterized by an overwhelming compulsion to pull out one's hair, most notably scalp hair, but also eyebrows, eyelashes, and hair from the extremity, axillary, and pubic areas. Current estimates are that clinically significant hair pulling is manifested by 3.4% of all women during their lifetimes. The overall purpose of our study was to examine the efficacy of a wide variety of treatments as perceived by the women (N=44) who received them. The data were subjected to content analysis and are presented in a quantified manner. Common forms of treatments, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and behavior modification, were judged by the respondents to be relatively ineffective. Two forms of treatment were found to be effective by a high percentage of the women who employed them: Internet TTM groups and TTM groups associated with a national center. It is important for health care providers to be aware of these treatments, which have not been previously discussed in the literature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:135–144, 2002
Literatura e Imprensa: Barreto e Bilac entre a arte e o ofício

O encontro entre literatura e imprensa, na virada do seculo XIX para o seculo XX, transformou o escritor em profissional, ou em escritor-jornalista. Viver da pena so foi possivel, ou comecava a se tornar, na producao literaria feita para imprensa e nao fora dela. Olavo Bilac e Lima Barreto atuaram ativamente nesse periodo como homens de letras, ambos escreveram cronicas para diversos periodicos. Material privilegiado para perscrutar o debate sobre a profissionalizacao do trabalho intelectual
Satisfaction with social and educational experiences among international graduate students

We undertake a quantitative analysis of the determinants of satisfaction among international graduate students at one university. We focus on satisfaction in three areas: academic program, academic appointment, and nonacademic social relationships. Determinants of satisfaction are theoretically classified as individual resources (e.g., language skills), social resources (e.g., contact with U.S. students), and social context (e.g., perceived discrimination). Multiple regression analysis reveals that academic satisfaction is most strongly related to contact with U.S. students, language skills, and perceived discrimination. Social satisfaction is linked with marital status, language skills, perceived discrimination, and contact with U.S. students. Students' gender, grades, aspirations, and financial situation had no relation to satisfaction.
Evidence-Based Practice of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Evidence-Based Practice of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. D. Dobson & K. S. Dobson, New York: Guilford Press, 2009, ISBN: 978-1-606-23-020-6 Despite the multitude of available resources for clinicia...
Beyond Drug Education.

The intent of this paper is to offer another focus in the quagmire of drug education. The author is convinced that current drug education approaches are failing to help stem the tide of drug use an...
Effective Bloch equations for strongly driven modulation-doped quantum wells

We study the effects of macroscopic carrier density on intersubband transitions in a modulation-doped quantum well with two electronic subbands coupled by an intense ac electric field.We propose an ansatz wave function consistent with the Hartree-Fock approximation, and we use it to derive and analyze the effective nonlinear Bloch equations.
Lung cancer risk among US radiologic technologists, 1983–1998

While exposure to moderate to high-dose ionizing radiation is an established risk factor for lung cancer, the relationship between lung cancer and chronic low dose radiation remains uncertain. We examined lung cancer risk among 71,894 US radiologic technologists who were certified during 1926–1982, responded to a baseline questionnaire (1983–1989), and were free of cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer at baseline. Study participants were followed until completion of a second questionnaire (1994–1998), death, or August 31, 1998. We identified 287 lung cancer cases: 66 incident cases and 221 decedents. Exposure to radiation was inferred based on work history information provided in the baseline questionnaire. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity and smoking. Smoking-adjusted lung cancer risk was not related to working as a radiologic technologist in early years when radiation exposures were likely highest (RR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.5–1.8 for year first worked before 1940 compared to year first worked ≥1960), nor was risk related to the year first worked after 1940 or the number of years worked in any decade. While lung cancer risk was increased in radiologic technologists who held patients for X-rays, or who allowed others to take numerous practice X-rays on them, the trend was not statistically significant in either case. Although we adjusted for smoking, the possibility of residual confounding exists. Overall, we find very limited evidence that chronic low-to-moderate dose occupational exposure increased lung cancer risk in the US Radiologic Technologist cohort. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influence of GaN material characteristics on device performance for blue and ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

An analysis of blue and near-ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and material structures explores the dependence of device performance on material properties as measured by various analytical techniques. The method used for reducing dislocations in the epitaxial III-N films that is explored here is homoepitaxial growth on commercial hybride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE) GaN substrates. Blue and UV LED devices are demonstrated to offer superior performance when grown on GaN substrates as compared to the more conventional sapphire substrate. In particular, the optical analysis of the near-UV LEDs on GaN versus ones on sapphire show substantially higher light output over the entire current-injection regime and twice the internal quantum efficiency at low forward current. As the wavelength is further decreased to the deep-UV, the performance improvement of the homoepitaxially grown structure as compared to that grown on sapphire is enhanced.
Composition inference for UML class diagrams

Knowing which associations are compositions is important in a tool for the reverse engineering of UML class diagrams. Firstly, recovery of composition relationships bridges the gap between design and code. Secondly, since composition relationships explicitly state a requirement that certain representations cannot be exposed, it is important to determine if this requirement is met by component code. Verifying that compositions are implemented properly may prevent serious program flaws due to representation exposure. We propose an implementation-level composition model based on ownership and a novel approach for identifying compositions in Java software. Our approach is based on static ownership inference; it is parameterized by class analysis and is designed to work on incomplete programs. We present empirical results from two instantiation of our approach. For one of these instantiations, on average 40% of the examined fields account for relationships that are identified as compositions. In addition, we present a precision evaluation which shows that the analysis achieves almost perfect precision--that is, it almost never misses composition relationships. The results indicate that precise identification of interclass relationships can be done with a simple and inexpensive analysis, and thus can be easily incorporated in reverse engineering tools that support iterative model-driven development.
Reactor Monitoring (near and far) with Neutrinos

We are approaching a time when our understanding of neutrinos and the advance of technology will permit practical applications of neutrinos. The detection of electron anti-neutrinos ( ν ¯ e ) , permits monitoring of reactors and nuclear weapons tests which cannot be shielded or jammed, and gives unambiguous signals. Measurements close to reactor sites can determine the fuel content of even uncooperative facilities. Distant, but of necessity enormous detectors in a worldwide network can detect, locate and measure power output of reactors and of bomb tests in useful ranges. Close-in detectors are in test operation now. A world network will require development of new technology in photodetectors, now on the horizon and huge scaling up from present instruments. Under optimistic assumptions such a scheme may be affordable.
Development of a hydrogen mordenite sorbent for the capture of krypton from used nuclear fuel reprocessing off-gas streams

A novel new sorbent for the separation of krypton from off-gas streams resulting from the reprocessing of used nuclear fuel has been developed and evaluated. A hydrogen mordenite powder was successfully incorporated into a macroporous polymer binder and formed into spherical beads. The engineered form sorbent retained the characteristic surface area and microporosity indicative of mordenite powder. The sorbent was evaluated for krypton adsorption capacities utilizing thermal swing operations achieving capacities of 100 mmol of krypton per kilogram of sorbent at a temperature of 191 K. A krypton adsorption isotherm was also obtained at 191 K with varying krypton feed gas concentrations. Adsorption/desorption cycling effects were also evaluated with results indicating that the sorbent experienced no decrease in krypton capacity throughout testing.
A New One-Step Photographic Process

This paper describes a process which produces finished poisitive pictures, directly from the camera, in about one minute after the exposure. The camera is described as containing a strip of paper in addition to the negative material and as feeding this strip of paper, in contact with the exposed negative, through simple pressure rollers and thence out of the camera box. The process to be used with the camera is described as having but one step, instead of the many steps of conventional photography; and it is shown that this can be achieved by associating with the strips a reagent which, when spread between the two strips by the pressure of the rollers, is capable of developing the silver halide of the negative and forming the positive image at one and the same time. Several classes of processes are discussed, their characteristics explored and certain principles established for obtaining satisfactory picture quality, stability, speed of operation, etc. In one of these processes, the reagent spread between the negative and the positive strip consists of a small amount of viscous liquid containing, in rather high concentration, the necessary constituents for developing the negative image, for forming at the same time a silver complex with the unexposed grains in the negative, for transferring the soluble complex to the positive sheet, and there creating and stabilizing the positive silver image. This process runs to completion in about one minute. When the two strips are peeled apart, both are essentially dry. One strip is the finished positive picture. The process operates at temperatures from less than 30°F to over 100°F. The paper discusses the control of the rates of reduction, silver ion complex formation, and ion diffusion in the several reaction fronts; principles of stabilization of the positive picture; control of the relative rates of growth of density in negative and positive; conversion of the silver ions to particles of silver of adequate size and the control of the color of the image as a function of particle size; and various characteristic curves which have been obtained with different negative materials. These factors are then interpreted with relation to the photographic usefulness of the process.
Differing patterns of selection in alternative and constitutive splice sites

In addition to allowing identification of putative functional elements as regions having reduced substitution rates, comparison of genome sequences can also provide insights into these elements at the nucleotide level, by indicating the pattern of tolerated substitutions. We created data sets of orthologous alternative and constitutive splice sites in mouse, rat, and human and analyzed the substitutions occurring within them. Our results illuminate differences between alternative and constitutive sites and, in particular, strongly support the idea that alternative sites are under selection to be weak.
Effective treatment of PAH contaminated Superfund site soil with the peroxy-acid process.

Peroxy-organic acids are formed by the chemical reaction between organic acids and hydrogen peroxide. The peroxy-acid process was applied to two Superfund site soils provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Initial small-scale experiments applied ratios of 3:5:7 (v/v/v) or 3:3:9 (v/v/v) hydrogen peroxide:acetic acid:deionized (DI) water solution to 5 g of Superfund site soil. The experiment using 3:5:7 (v/v/v) ratio resulted in an almost complete degradation of the 14 EPA regulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Bedford LT soil during a 24-h reaction period, while the 3:3:9 (v/v/v) ratio resulted in no applicable degradation in Bedford LT lot 10 soil over the same reaction period. Specific Superfund site soil characteristics (e.g., pH, total organic carbon content and particle size distribution) were found to play an important role in the availability of the PAHs and the efficiency of the transformation during the peroxy-acid process. A scaled-up experiment followed treating 150 g of Bedford LT lot 10 soil with and without mixing. The scaled-up processes applied a 3:3:9 (v/v/v) solution resulting in significant decrease in PAH contamination. These findings demonstrate the peroxy-acid process as a viable option for the treatment of PAH contaminated soils. Further work is necessary in order to elucidate the mechanisms of this process.
A new crayfish of the genus Orconectes Cope, 1872 from southern New England (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cambariidae)

ABSTRACT A new crayfish, Orconectes (Gremicambarus) quinebaugensis, is described from southern New England. This species is similar in morphology to its sister species, O. (G.) virilis (Hagen), which also occurs in New England. Orconectes quinebaugensis is found in small streams with rocky or gravel substrate, with or without O. virilis or other crayfish species. Orconectes quinebaugensis differs from other members of the O. virilis species complex in the morphology of the first pleopods of adult males; in O. quinebaugensis, both rami of the first pleopod are clearly and equally recurved, and the central projection comprises 30.2–34.0% of the total length of the pleopod. In addition, it can be distinguished from all known members of the complex by the shape of the dactyl of the chelipeds.
Highly soluble alkoxide magnesium salts for rechargeable magnesium batteries

A unique class of air-stable and non-pyrophoric magnesium electrolytes has been developed based on alkoxide magnesium compounds. The crystals obtained from this class of electrolytes exhibit a unique structure of tri-magnesium cluster, [Mg3Cl3(OR)2(THF)6]+ [(THF)MgCl3]−. High reversible capacities and good rate capabilities have been obtained in Mg–Mo6S8 batteries using these new electrolytes at both 20 and 50 °C.