cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visual Analysis of Privacy Risks in Web Services

The growth of the Internet has been accompanied by the growth of web services (e.g. e-commerce, e- health) leading to the need to protect the privacy of web service users. However, before privacy can be protected, it is necessary to understand the risks to privacy that come with the service. Indeed, such understanding is key to protecting privacy throughout the service lifecycle. Unfortunately, there does not appear to be any existing method for privacy risk analysis specifically designed for web services. This paper presents a straightforward method for web services privacy risk analysis that uses visual techniques to improve effectiveness and illustrates the method with an example.
Electrostatic potential distribution of the gene V protein from Ff phage facilitates cooperative DNA binding: A model of the GVP‐ssDNA complex

The crystal structure of the gene V protein (GVP) from the Ff filamentous phages (M13, fl, fd) has been solved for the wild-type and two mutant (Y41F and Y41H) proteins at high resolution. The Y41H mutant crystal structure revealed crystal packing interactions, which suggested a plausible scheme for constructing the polymeric protein shell of the GVP-single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) complex (Guan Y, et al., 1994, Biochemistry 33:7768-7778). The electrostatic potentials of the isolated and the cooperatively formed protein shell have been calculated using the program GRASP and they revealed a highly asymmetric pattern of the electrostatic charge distribution. The inner surface of the putative DNA-binding channel is positively charged, whereas the opposite outer surface is nearly neutral. The electrostatic calculation further demonstrated that the formation of the helical protein shell enhanced the asymmetry of the electrostatic distribution. A model of the GVP-ssDNA complex with the n = 4 DNA-binding mode could be built with only minor conformational perturbation to the GVP protein shell. The model is consistent with existing biochemical and biophysical data and provides clues to the properties of GVP, including the high cooperatively of the protein binding to ssDNA. The two antiparallel ssDNA strands form a helical ribbon with the sugar-phosphate backbones at the middle and the bases pointing away from each other. The bases are stacked and the Phe 73 residue is intercalated between two bases. The optimum binding to a tetranucleotide unit requires the participation of four GVP dimers, which may explain the cooperativity of the GVP binding to DNA.
Antisymmetrical optical states

The general properties of antisymmetrical solutions of the coupled-dipole equation are studied. This equation is used to describe the interaction of a cluster of small particles acting as elementary dipoles with an external electromagnetic wave. It is shown that antisymmetrical (with zero total dipole moment) eigenstates can be excited even in clusters that are much smaller in size than the wavelength of the incident radiation. In this case the quality of the collective optical resonance may be enhanced by the large parameter (λ/Rc)2 (Rc is the characteristic size of the cluster). This phenomenon, in contrast to superradiance, leads to an increased [by the factor (λ/Rc)2] lifetime of the system in the excited state and can be called antisuperradiance.
Automatic Block-Length Selection for the Dependent Bootstrap

Abstract We review the different block bootstrap methods for time series, and present them in a unified framework. We then revisit a recent result of Lahiri [Lahiri, S. N. (1999b). Theoretical comparisons of block bootstrap methods, Ann. Statist. 27:386–404] comparing the different methods and give a corrected bound on their asymptotic relative efficiency; we also introduce a new notion of finite-sample “attainable” relative efficiency. Finally, based on the notion of spectral estimation via the flat-top lag-windows of Politis and Romano [Politis, D. N., Romano, J. P. (1995). Bias-corrected nonparametric spectral estimation. J. Time Series Anal. 16:67–103], we propose practically useful estimators of the optimal block size for the aforementioned block bootstrap methods. Our estimators are characterized by the fastest possible rate of convergence which is adaptive on the strength of the correlation of the time series as measured by the correlogram.
Biomolecules Detection Using a Silver-Enhanced Gold Nanoparticle-Based Biochip

Silver-enhanced labeling method has been employed in immunochromatographic assays for improving the sensitivity of detecting pathogens. In this paper, we apply the silver enhancement technique for biomolecular signal amplification in a gold nanoparticle-based conductimetric biochip. We show that the response of the silver-enhanced biochip comprises two distinct regions namely: (a) a sub-threshold region where conduction occurs due to electron hopping between silver islands and the electrolyte and (b) an above-threshold region where the conduction is due to a direct flow of electrons. These two regions are characterized by different conduction slopes, and we show that combining the information from both these regions can improve the sensitivity of the biochip. Results from fabricated prototypes show a dynamic range of more than 40 dB and with a detection limit less than 240 pg/mL. The fabrication of the biochip is compatible with standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) processes making it ideal for integration in next-generation CMOS biosensors.
Balancing design options with Sherpa

Application specific processors offer the potential of rapidly designed logic specifically constructed to meet the performance and area demands of the task at hand. Recently, there have been several major projects that attempt to automate the process of transforming a predetermined processor configuration into a low level description for fabrication. These projects either leave the specification of the processor to the designer, which can be a significant engineering burden, or handle it in a fully automated fashion, which completely removes the designer from the loop.In this paper we introduce a technique for guiding the design and optimization of application specific processors. The goal of the Sherpa design framework is to automate certain design tasks and provide early feedback to help the designer navigate their way through the architecture design space. Our approach is to decompose the overall problem of choosing an optimal architecture into a set of sub-problems that are, to the first order, independent. For each sub-problem, we create a model that relates performance to area. From this, we build a constraint system that can be solved using integer-linear programming techniques, and arrive at an ideal parameter selection for all architectural components. Our approach only takes a few minutes to explore the design space allowing the designer or compiler to see the potential benefits of optimizations rapidly. We show that the expected performance using our model correlates strongly to detailed pipeline simulations, and present results showing design tradeoffs for several different benchmarks.
Translocation of Campylobacter jejuni across Human Polarized Epithelial Cell Monolayer Cultures

The ability of Campylobacter jejuni isolates to translocate across an epithelial cell barrier was investigated by using polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on microporous membrane filters. The 4 C. jejuni isolates tested all traversed the Caco-2 cell monolayers and displayed similar translocation kinetics. The number of bacteria crossing the polarized cell monolayers continued to increase with time until 4 h after inoculation, at which time a maximum rate of translocation was observed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that C. jejuni translocated across polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers by passing both through and between cells. Chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, reduced the translocation of C. jejuni. Bacterial attachment, internalization, and translocation were inhibited at low temperature. These data indicate that adherence, penetration, and translocation of C. jejuni require active bacterial and target cell processes and further suggest a role for cellular translocation in the pathogenesis of C. jejuni-mediated enteritis.
Synergistic regulation of endogenous TRPM2 channels by adenine dinucleotides in primary human neutrophils

Summary The Ca2+-permeable TRPM2 channel is a dual function protein that is activated by intracellular ADPR through its enzymatic pyrophosphatase domain with Ca2+ acting as a co-factor. Other TRPM2 regulators include cADPR, NAADP and H2O2, which synergize with ADPR to potentiate TRPM2 activation. Although TRPM2 has been thoroughly characterized in overexpression or cell-line systems, little is known about the features of TRPM2 in primary cells. We here characterize the regulation of TRPM2 activation in human neutrophils and report that ADPR activates TRPM2 with an effective half-maximal concentration (EC50) of 1 μM. Potentiation by Ca2+ is dose-dependent with an EC50 of 300 nM. Both cADPR and NAADP activate TRPM2, albeit with lower efficacy than in the presence of subthreshold levels of ADPR (100 nM), which significantly shifts the EC50 for cADPR from 44 to 3 μM and for NAADP from 95 to 1 μM. TRPM2 activation by ADPR can be suppressed by AMP with an IC50 of 10 μM and cADPR-induced activation can be blocked by 8-Bromo-cADPR. We further show that 100 μM H2O2 enables subthreshold concentrations of ADPR (100 nM) to activate TRPM2. We conclude that agonistic and antagonistic characteristics of TRPM2 as seen in overexpression systems are largely compatible with the functional properties of TRPM2 currents measured in human neutrophils, but the potencies of agonists in primary cells are significantly higher.
A Comparison of CCM2-BATS Skin Temperature and Surface-Air Temperature with Satellite and Surface Observations

This paper reports on two types of comparisons that were conducted. First, 10-yr modeled skin temperatures were compared with observations to evaluate model simulations of this quantity. The simulations were conducted with the NCAR CCM2 coupled with the Biosphere‐Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). The observations were obtained from TIROS-N/HIRS-2 and the First ISLSCP Field Experiment in situ measurements. Second, modeled skin temperatures were compared with surface-air temperatures to illustrate the differences between them at various spatial and temporal resolutions. This is the first such study of skin temperature in a GCM. When compared with the observations, it is evident that the CCM2‐BATS can successfully reproduce many features of skin temperature, including its global-scale pattern, seasonal and diurnal variations, and the effects of the land surface type. However, modeled skin temperature seems to be underestimated in high latitudes in January and overestimated in low- and midlatitudes, especially over arid and semiarid regions in July. Statistical analyses suggest that the differences between skin and surface-air temperatures are scale dependent. They differ the most at smaller scales and are most similar at larger scales (i.e., they differ the most for regional scales and diurnally, and agree more closely on monthly scales and hemispheric spatial scales). The similarity between skin and air temperatures averaged over monthly and large spatial scales implies that the well-established surface-air temperature measurements may be used to validate satellite-obtained skin temperatures. The differences between skin temperature and air temperature are greatest in the winter hemisphere. The monthly maximum skin temperature is greater than maximum air temperature by about 3.58‐5.58C, and minimum skin temperature is less than minimum air temperature by 3.08‐4.58C. For monthly time averaging and continental or hemispheric spatial scales, skin temperature is consistently lower than air temperature by about 0.5 8‐1.08C. This work also studies the effects of different land types, vegetative cover, soil wetness, and cloud cover on skin temperature. These effects are partially responsible for the differences between skin and surface-air temperatures. These results are similar to those from earlier studies done at specific sites.
Taking the "guest" work out of school-health interagency partnerships.

Objective.School-based health centers (SBHCs) have proliferated rapidly, demonstrated success in health outcomes and access, and gained national recognition. Despite these accomplishments, organiza...
Central administration of interleukin 1 elicits hyperinsulinemia in rats

This laboratory previously demonstrated that human natural interleukin 1 (IL-1) administered intravenously at a dose of 50 U to conscious fasted male Holtzman rats elicited unstimulated as well as glucose- and arginine-stimulated hyperinsulinemia. The major question posed in the present investigation is whether the monokine IL-1 can act centrally on an area of the brain such as the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus, which participates in mediating the IL-1-induced febrile response, to elicit insulin secretion by the pancreas. Therefore, for this study, injections of IL-1 were administered intravenously (iv), intracerebroventricularly (icv), or into the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (iPO) in pentobarbital-anesthetized fasted rats. Preliminary experiments determined that the hyperinsulinemic response was enhanced in anesthetized compared with conscious animals treated iv with IL-1. An icv administered 10-U dose of the monokine produced a delayed hyperinsulinemia equal to two times the saline control value starting near 20 min postinjection but declining quickly. When injected iPO, 5 U of IL-1 elicited a prompt substantial hyperinsulinemia equal to more than three times control beginning at 5 min postinjection and persisting through the 30-min experimental period. These findings indicate that an IL-1-induced signal for pancreatic insulin secretion can be generated within the central nervous system.
Dispossessing irrigators: Water grabbing, supply-side growth and farmer resistance in India

Abstract This paper examines, first, the conditions under which irrigating farmers are being alienated from their water through a state-led process of dispossession, and then, second, details the dialectical process of farmers’ resistance to these efforts. The paper advances recent scholarship on water grabbing and ‘accumulation by dispossession’ by drawing on a case from northwestern India to explore the connections between non-agrarian economic growth, irrigated agriculture and farmer livelihoods. Specifically, it examines an urban water infrastructure development project that aims to provide water to Jaipur, the Indian state of Rajasthan’s capital city, through the appropriation of an existing rural dam/reservoir complex built for irrigation and redirecting it to domestic, commercial and industrial uses. Drawing on an examination of policy documents and interviews with farmers and state planners, this paper argues that these transfers must be understood as a supply-side solution to support economic growth, where the lack of stable water supplies is a barrier to capital accumulation. The paper contributes to critical scholarship by showing that the processes underpinning water’s reallocation are specific acts of ongoing ‘dispossession’ through extra-economic means under advanced neoliberal capitalism, which alienates water away from peasant producers towards new centers of capital accumulation, dialectically creating peasant resistance to these efforts.
Guide to the U.S. President's Administration

This note provides a guide to dealing with the President's administration from the perspective of the nuclear energy industry.
Flying Bagels and Social Graces: The Impact of Strategic Expressions of Emotion on Distrust and Post Settlement Behavior

Strategic emotion can be used as a negotiation tactic to extract value from one’s opponent. Previous research findings have found that the use of this tactic can influence not only the amount of value claimed, but post-negotiation behaviors. However, interacting with an opponent who possesses power based on their alternative to an agreement can halt the amount of value claimed. Individuals with more power (i.e. a better BATNA) are less likely to concede and more likely to make attempts to earn more points or money for themselves. While interacting, these variables - use of strategic emotion and level of power - produce perceptions that may alter not only the negotiated outcomes, but what occurs post-hoc after the contract has been negotiated. This experiment examined these effects - the influence of power and the strategic use of emotion - on economic outcomes within a negotiation as well as post-negotiation behavior. Despite prior research findings, our results fail to replicate the influence of emotion on value claimed - angry participants do not claim more value but does influence post-negotiation behaviors.
Кратный базис Xaapa в обратных теоремах приближения и теоремах вложения

На основе оценок наилучших приближений полиномами по базису Хаара доказаны обратные теоремы для функций, определeнных на единичном кубе d-мерного евклидового пространства. Установлены теоремы вложения в шкале пространств Лебега, а также соотношения, связывающие величины наилучших приближений в соответствующих пространствах.
Preliminary analysis of the use of smartwatches for longitudinal health monitoring

New generations of smartwatches feature continuous measurement of physiological parameters, such as heart rate, galvanic skin resistance (GSR), and temperature. In this paper we present the results of preliminary analysis of the use of Basis Peak smartwatch for longitudinal health monitoring during a 4 month period. Physiological measurements during sleep are validated using Zephyr Bioharness 3 monitor and SOMNOscreen+ polysomnographic monitoring system from SOMNOmedics. Average duration of sequences with no missed data was 49.9 minutes, with maximum length of 17 hours, and they represent 88.88% of recording time. Average duration of the charging event was 221.9 min, and average time between charges was 54 hours, with maximum duration of the charging event of 16.3 hours. Preliminary results indicate that the physiological monitoring performance of existing smartwatches provides sufficient performance for longitudinal monitoring of health status and analysis of health and wellness trends.
A Fighting Chance: How the Current State of the Louisiana Bail Statute 'Gwen’s Law' can Still Save the Lives of Domestic Violence Victims

Through the story of domestic violence victim Gwen Salley, this author explores the growing amount of domestic violence incidents in Louisiana. The author focuses on a specific bail statute, codified as article 330.3 in the Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure, as a possible solution to this societal issue. This bail statute, called Gwen’s Law, was first enacted in 2014, but later amended in 2015. The statute permits courts to order a defendant jailed without bail when the individual is charged with a felony against a dating partner or family or household member or, alternatively, to require the defendant wear an electronic monitoring device while out on bail. The author begins by exploring domestic violence statistics and the history of bail, including the Supreme Court case, United States v. Salerno. By linking bail statutes to domestic violence, the idea that bail statutes are relevant and necessary to helping domestic violence victims emerges through this analysis. Next, the author examines the 2014 Legislative Session, and the challenges that arose for practitioners after its implementation, including a constitutional challenge. The author explores the challenges of the original version through analyzing the new version of Gwen’s Law enacted in the 2015 Legislative Session. Through this examination, the author brings to light how the current version of this statute can bring solutions to domestic violence issues in Louisiana.
Carbon monoxide poisoning and risk for venous thromboembolism

As specialists in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, we noted with interest the paper in Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health this year by Kao and colleagues examining the diagnosis of other diseases following an episode of CO poisoning.1 It described a retrospective, population-based, cohort study utilising the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Database. In essence, patients experiencing CO poisoning during a 13-year period were identified, matched to controls, and the database searched for subsequent new diagnoses that occurred in the CO-poisoned population in …
Pilot Judgment: Training and Evaluation

An analysis of accident statistics reveals that over 50% of pilot-caused civil aviation accident fatalities are the result of faulty pilot judgment. Although the FAA requires examiners to evaluate ...
Coordinated Tumor Suppression by Chromosome 8p.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Cai et al. use genome editing to study 8p deletions in a mammary epithelial cell model and show that 8p loss of heterozygosity (LOH) attenuates the action of several genes that collectively promote cell invasion and enhance cellular sensitivity to autophagy inhibitors.
Preparation and properties of T-700 fiber reinforced polytriazole composite

Thermosetting polytriazole resin has comprehensive mechanical,thermal and processing properties,and good compatibility with a lot of reinforcing fibers.The mechanical and thermal properties of a thermosetting polytriazole resin were studied by casting specimens,the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the curing system is about 200℃.Analysis on the properties and interface of T-700 carbon fiber reinforced PTAresin composite as performed by SEM,unidirectional filament-wound plate and NOL ring.The results show that the tensile strength and compressive strength of T700/PTA composite are as high as those of a kind of T700/E51 composite,the interlayer shear strength of T700/PTA composite is 20%~40% percent lower than that of T700/E51 system.The SEM fracture surface pictures of the broken specimens shows that the surface of the pull-out fibers is smooth with very few resin and the poor interface between T700 fiber and PTA resin is an principal factor to influence the properties of the composite.
Breast Cancer: An Overview

Depending on one's viewpoint and appraisal of studies and statistics, breast cancer is viewed with optimism, pessimism, enthusiasm, or disappointment. Each opinion is substantiated by ample data that support differing views. This article will review some of the unresolved issues in the management of breast cancer, including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. These issues are discussed at length in the articles that follow.
Thesen zur Steuerung von Online-Aktivitäten

Die Online-Welt ist durch Pioniere entstanden, denen es gelang, Konsumentenbedurfnisse zu erahnen. Sie waren in der Lage, die Besonderheiten der Internettechnologie als Erfolgsfaktoren ihrer Geschaftsmodelle zu nutzen. Sie hatten verruckte Ideen, waren schnell und haben aus dem Bauch entschieden. Diese Pioniere brauchten keine Berichte mit Kennzahlen fur ihre Entscheidungen. Sie hatten auch gar keine Zeit gehabt, sich um die Entwicklung eines Berichtswesens oder gar eines Steuerungskonzeptes zu kummern.
Extreme developmental synchrony reduces sibling cannibalism in the black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus

Cannibalism, intraspecific predation, is a fascinating behaviour that can serve as a model system for researchers interested in learning more about conspecific conflicts ranging from siblicide to sexual cannibalism. Cannibalism is most often studied in terms of the benefits it provides the predator, but the prevalence of such an ecologically significant behaviour is also shaped by the costs inherent in a cannibalistic attack. Perhaps most intuitively, the risk of injury when attacking a conspecific of similar or larger size has been considered, and led to the prediction that cannibalism should be most common by larger individuals among asymmetrically sized pairs. This prediction is commonplace in the cannibalism literature, and leads to the more novel hypothesis that siblicide then may be reduced to the extent that maternal investment yields developmental synchrony and size-matched siblings. Here we test these hypotheses in the western black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus , by rearing some eggs at 4 °C warmer temperatures for 7 days, and thus experimentally creating size asymmetries between clutchmates. Our temperature manipulation was successful at speeding development (eggs reared at warmer temperatures attained their first moult 2.5 days sooner than their counterparts). This developmental asynchrony accelerated cannibalism by more than 3 days relative to control groups in which eggs and spiderlings were all reared at either consistently colder or warmer temperatures. Lastly, the mass and size of an egg were poor predictors of cannibalism in both treatments that included individuals reared at warm temperatures. In contrast, in our control group where both eggs were reared at cooler temperatures, we found that families typified by heavier and larger eggs were slower to show cannibalistic behaviour. We discuss the implications of these findings, paying particular attention to their relevance to the black widow's emerging role as an urban pest.
Retelling the Stories of Our Lives: Everyday Narrative Therapy to Draw Inspiration and Transform Experience, by David Denborough

The purpose of Retelling the Stories of Our Lives: Everyday Narrative Therapy to Draw Inspiration and Transform Experience is to provide a helpful guide for better understanding the power and meani...
25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibition of Lassa Virus Infection through Aberrant GP1 Glycosylation

ABSTRACT Lassa virus (LASV) infection is a major public health concern due to high fatality rates and limited effective treatment. The interferon-stimulated gene cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC is involved in regulating cholesterol biosynthesis and has recently been identified as a potent antiviral targeting enveloped virus entry. Here, we show a previously unrecognized role of CH25H in inhibiting LASV glycoprotein glycosylation and the production of infectious virus. Overexpression of CH25H or treatment with 25HC decreased LASV G1 glycoprotein N-glycan maturation and reduced the production of infectious LASV. Depletion of endogenous CH25H using small interfering RNA (siRNA) enhanced the levels of fully glycosylated G1 and increased infectious LASV production. Finally, LASV particles produced from 25HC-treated cells were found to be less infectious, to incorporate aberrantly glycosylated GP1 species, and to be defective in binding alpha-dystroglycan, an attachment and entry receptor. Our findings identify a novel role for CH25H in controlling LASV propagation and indicate that manipulation of the expression of CH25H or the administration of 25HC may be a useful anti-LASV therapy. IMPORTANCE Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever in humans caused by Lassa virus (LASV). No vaccine for LASV is currently available. Treatment is limited to the administration of ribavirin, which is only effective when given early in the course of illness. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is a recently identified interferon-stimulated gene (ISG); it encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), which inhibits several viruses. Here, we identify a novel antiviral mechanism of 25HC that is dependent on inhibiting the glycosylation of Lassa virus (LASV) glycoprotein and reducing the infectivity of LASV as a means of suppressing viral replication. Since N-linked glycosylation is a critical feature of other enveloped-virus glycoproteins, 25HC may be a broad inhibitor of virus infectivity.
EXors and the stellar birthline

We assess the evolutionary status of EXors. These low-mass, pre-main-sequence stars repeatedly undergo sharp luminosity increases, each a year or so in duration. We place into the HR diagram all EXors that have documented quiescent luminosities and effective temperatures, and thus determine their masses and ages. Two alternate sets of pre-main-sequence tracks are used, and yield similar results. Roughly half of EXors are embedded objects, i.e., they appear observationally as Class I or flat-spectrum infrared sources. We find that these are relatively young and are located close to the stellar birthline in the HR diagram. Optically visible EXors, on the other hand, are situated well below the birthline. They have ages of several Myr, typical of classical T Tauri stars. Judging from the limited data at hand, we find no evidence that binarity companions trigger EXor eruptions; this issue merits further investigation. We draw several general conclusions. First, repetitive luminosity outbursts do not occur in all pre-main-sequence stars, and are not in themselves a sign of extreme youth. They persist, along with other signs of activity, in a relatively small subset of these objects. Second, the very existence of embedded EXors demonstrates that at least some Class I infrared sources are not true protostars, but very young pre-main-sequence objects still enshrouded in dusty gas. Finally, we believe that the embedded pre-main-sequence phase is of observational and theoretical significance, and should be included in a more complete account of early stellar evolution.
Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Naturally Occurring Sulfate-Based Saline Soils at Different Moisture Contents

Abstract Soil salinization may negatively affect microbial processes related to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. A short-term laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil electrical conductivity (EC) and moisture content on CO 2 and N 2 O emissions from sulfate-based natural saline soils. Three separate 100-m long transects were established along the salinity gradient on a salt-affected agricultural field at Mooreton, North Dakota, USA. Surface soils were collected from four equally spaced sampling positions within each transect, at the depths of 0–15 and 15–30 cm. In the laboratory, artificial soil cores were formed combining soils from both the depths in each transect, and incubated at 60% and 90% water-filled pore space (WFPS) at 25 °C. The measured depth-weighted EC of the saturated paste extract (ECe) across the sampling positions ranged from 0.43 to 4.65 dS m −1 . Potential nitrogen (N) mineralization rate and CO 2 emissions decreased with increasing soil EC e , but the relative decline in soil CO 2 emissions with increasing ECe was smaller at 60% WFPS than at 90% WFPS. At 60% WFPS, soil N 2 O emissions decreased from 133 μg N 2 O-N kg −1 soil at EC e −1 to 72 μg N 2 O-N kg −1 soil at EC e = 4.65 dS m −1 . In contrast, at 90% WFPS, soil N 2 O emissions increased from 262 μg N 2 O-N kg −1 soil at EC e = 0.81 dS m −1 to 849 μg N 2 O-N kg −1 soil at EC e = 4.65 dS m −1 , suggesting that N 2 O emissions were linked to both soil EC e and moisture content. Therefore, spatial variability in soil EC e and pattern of rainfall over the season need to be considered when up-scaling N 2 O and CO 2 emissions from field to landscape scales.
Severe fasting hypoglycemia in a child after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation.

TPIAT is an increasingly utilized treatment option for select children with CP. Post-TPIAT fasting hypoglycemia, unrelated to exogenous insulin, is a complication recently reported in adults. This phenomenon has not been described in children. We review a case of severe fasting hypoglycemia in an adolescent female occurring 10 months post-TPIAT. A 12-year-old girl underwent TPIAT for CP. Ten months postoperatively she developed recurrent hypoglycemia on a total daily insulin dose of 0.03 units/kg. Consequently, insulin therapy was discontinued. Approximately 20 hours after her last rapid-acting insulin exposure, she had an episode of fasting hypoglycemia (33 mg/dL on glucometer). Her CGM documented two separate, precipitous drops in glucose overnight. The family was instructed to revise her diet, and there were no subsequent episodes of severe, fasting hypoglycemia. This is the first report of fasting hypoglycemia occurring post-TPIAT in a pediatric patient. Use of a CGM allowed for documentation of glucose trends and alarm notification of hypoglycemic events. Dietary changes appeared to help mitigate hypoglycemia recurrence. This report demonstrates that fasting hypoglycemia is a potential complication that should be recognized and safeguarded against in post-TPIAT pediatric patients.
Development of Fetal Thyroid System Control

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system in the fetus is comprised of a complex of hypothalamic centers, anterior pituitary thyrotroph cells, thyroid follicular cells, and peripheral tissues which metabolize and respond to thyroid hormones. Embryogenesis of the hypothalamus and of the pituitary and thyroid glands is largely completed by 12 weeks of gestation in the human fetus. Hypothalamic histogenesis and differentiation and continued growth and functional maturation of the pituitary and thyroid glands proceed into the neonatal period (1). Studies of thyroid system maturation have been conducted in many species, but most detailed data have been developed in the sheep and rat models. The period of thyroid system development in man, a precocial species, extends to one month of postnatal life (some 44 weeks). In the sheep (also a precocial species), comparable thyroid system maturation encompasses 150 days of intrauterine gestation plus two weeks of postnatal life (165 days total). In the rat (an altricial species) thyroid system development requires some 50 days (21 fetal days + 28 postnatal days). Relative thyroid system maturation in these species is quite comparable and thyroid control matures during the latter half of the period of ontogenesis. Thus, the third trimester fetal sheep and neonatal lamb and the neonatal rat have served as useful models for the study of thyroid control maturation. The following discussion of the development of various aspects of control of thyroid hormone production will review data in the three species normalized as relative development time to facilitate species comparisons.
α-smooth muscle actin is not a marker of fibrogenic cell activity in skeletal muscle fibrosis

α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is used as a marker for a subset of activated fibrogenic cells, myofibroblasts, which are regarded as important effector cells of tissue fibrogenesis. We address whether α-SMA-expressing myofibroblasts are detectable in fibrotic muscles of mdx5cv mice, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and whether the α-SMA expression correlates with the fibrogenic function of intramuscular fibrogenic cells. α-SMA immunostaining signal was not detected in collagen I (GFP)-expressing cells in fibrotic muscles of ColI-GFP/mdx5cv mice, but it was readily detected in smooth muscle cells lining intramuscular blood vessel walls. α-SMA expression was detected by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot in fibrogenic cells sorted from diaphragm and quadriceps muscles of the ColI-GFP/mdx5cv mice. Consistent with the more severe fibrosis in the ColI-GFP/mdx5cv diaphragm, the fibrogenic cells in the diaphragm exerted a stronger fibrogenic function than the fibrogenic cells in the quadriceps as gauged by their extracellular matrix gene expression. However, both gene and protein expression of α-SMA was lower in the diaphragm fibrogenic cells than in the quadriceps fibrogenic cells in the ColI-GFP/mdx5cv mice. We conclude that myofibroblasts are present in fibrotic skeletal muscles, but their expression of α-SMA is not detectable by immunostaining. The level of α-SMA expression by intramuscular fibrogenic cells does not correlate positively with the level of collagen gene expression or the severity of skeletal muscle fibrosis in the mdx5cv mice. α-SMA is not a functional marker of fibrogenic cells in skeletal muscle fibrosis associated with muscular dystrophy.
Perception of Speaker Personality Traits Using Speech Signals

As conversational agents continue to replace humans in consumer contexts, voice interfaces must reflect the complexity of real-world human interaction to foster long-term customer relationships. Perceiving the personality traits of others based on the way they look or sound is a key aspect of how humans unconsciously adapt their communication with others. In an effort to model this complex human process for eventual application to conversational agents, this paper presents the results of (1) building SVM and HMM classifiers for perceived personality prediction using speech signals using a data corpus of 640 speech signals based on 11 Big Five personality assessments, (2) determining correlations between feature and speaker subgroups, and (3) assessing the SVM classifier performance on new speech signals collected and assessed through a user study. This work is a small step towards the greater goal of designing more emotionally intelligent conversational interfaces.
Sachverhalte im Zusammenhang mit dem Suchtverlauf

Dieses Kapitel befast sich mit dem Verhalten des Suchtigen an bestimmten Punkten seiner Fixerkarriere. So werden z.B. relevante Sachverhalte zu Beginn seiner Karriere behandelt, wie Angaben daruber, wann der Suchtige Heroin konsumiert, welche Rolle die Mitglieder seiner Peer-Gruppe im Hinblick auf den rogeneinstieg spielen und der Gebrauch anderer verbotener Drogen vor dem Heroineinstieg. Ein weiterer Gegenstand des Kapitels sind zeitliche Aspekte der Sucht, wie die Zeitspanne zwischen Drogeneinstieg und Suchtbeginn oder der Zusammenhang zwischen vorangegangenem Drogengebrauch und nachfolgender Sucht. Es folgt eine Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Heroingebrauch und strafbaren Handlungen. Schlieslich werden solche Probleme untersucht, die mit den Folgen des Suchtprozesses zusammenhangen wie Behandlungsaufnahme und Ruckfall. Das Ziel dieses Kapitels ist eine Vervollstandigung des Bildes vom Suchtigen, das in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln, die zentral seine Personlichkeit und Personlichkeitsmerkmale behandeln, entwickelt wurde.
Aging, Intimacy, and Sex

The chapter brings together a range of current knowledge around intimacy and sexuality among older adults. The authors offer evidence to counter the common misconception that older adults are not sexually active. Sexuality and aging is then discussed within an historical context that includes HIV and AIDS, the medicalization of sexuality, the introduction of the internet and social media, and the movement for equality among the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities. Next, the physical and mental health implications of sexual activity and aging are examined along with potential social benefits of sex and intimacy. Along those lines, cultural norms around sexuality across diverse communities intersect with physiological changes in sexual functioning that occur with age. Finally, the authors offer implications for research, practice, and policy in this important aspect of aging. A call to professionals is made to continue to learn more and develop cultural sensitivity, thus embracing the normative nature of sexuality and intimacy throughout adulthood.
Patient-centered computing: can it curb malpractice risk?

Abstract The threat of a medical malpractice suit represents a major cause of career dissatisfaction for American physicians. Patient-centered computing may improve physician-patient communications, thereby reducing liability risk. This review describes programs that have sought to enhance patient education and involvement pertaining to 5 major categories of malpractice lawsuits: Diagnosis, medications, obstetrics, surgery, and treatment errors.
Know thy neighbor: a survey of diseases and complex syndromes that map to chromosomal regions encoding TRP channels.

On the basis of their ever-expanding roles, not only in sensory signaling but also in a plethora of other, often Ca2+-mediated actions in cell and whole body homeostasis, it is suggested that mutations in TRP channel genes not only cause disease states but also contribute in more subtle ways to simple and complex diseases. A survey is therefore presented of diseases and syndromes that map to one or multiple chromosomal loci containing TRP channel genes. A visual map of the chromosomal locations of TRP channel genes in man and mouse is also presented.
The Marketing of Potentially Toxic Pesticides Worldwide: The Issues and a Proposed Control System:

It is estimated by 1990 United States based multinational corporations (MNCs) will export over one billion dollars or pesticides and chemicals that have been banned by the Environmental Protection ...
Oxidation of ammonium by Feammox Acidimicrobiaceae sp. A6 in anaerobic microbial electrolysis cells

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation under iron reducing conditions, also referred to as Feammox, can be carried out by the recently isolated Acidimicrobiaceae sp. A6 (A6). Ammonium is a common water pollutant which is typically removed by nitrification, a process that exerts a high oxygen demand in waste treatment systems. A6 oxidizes ammonium anaerobically using ferric iron [Fe(III)] as an electron acceptor and has also been shown to be an electrode (anode) colonizing bacterium. Results presented here demonstrate that A6, in a pure or enrichment culture, can thrive in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) by oxidizing ammonium, while using the anode as an electron acceptor. Results also show that current production and ammonium removal increase with the concentration of 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid (AQDS), a soluble electron shuttling compound, which is especially noticeable for the pure A6 culture. Electron microscopy of the anode's surface reveals attached cells in the pure culture MEC; however, over the time of operation there is no formation of a biofilm and the majority of cells are in the bulk liquid, explaining the need for AQDS. Maximum coulombic efficiencies of 16.4% and a current density of 4.2 A m−3 were measured. This is a first step towards the development of a Feammox bacteria-based bioelectrochemical system for anaerobic ammonium oxidation while reducing electrodes instead of Fe(III).
Let’s quarrel (streiten)! Introducing a Kantian framework for social interaction in international politics:

Actors in international politics have been driven predominantly by two (maybe three) logics of social interaction: fighting, bargaining, and some arguing. Yet, if international politics is characte...
In-situ extraction and impregnation of black walnut husk into polyethylene film using supercritical carbon dioxide with an ethanol modifier.

Walnuts are commonly cultivated for their kernel, which is a rich source of antioxidant phenolic compounds. The husk likewise contains antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, but is typically discarded without further processing. Antioxidant compounds are useful in creating active packaging films, but typically decompose at melt extrusion temperatures in polymer processing. Due to carbon dioxide's low critical point and ability to swell polymer films, supercritical carbon dioxide may be used to impregnate phenolic compounds into polymers. For this study, a novel technique is used to simultaneously produce walnut husk extracts and impregnate the extract into polymer films in the same batch extractor using supercritical carbon dioxide with a 15 wt-% ethanol modifier at 60°C at 19.4 MPa. The effect of varying the loading of walnut husk in the extractor upon impregnation mass was evaluated with the impregnation mass of the film increasing with walnut husk loading. It was determined by FTIR, as well as the reduction of the protein cytochrome c, that antioxidant compounds may be extracted from walnut husks and impregnated into low-density polyethylene film (LDPE) by this technique.
E2 conjugases UBC1 and UBC2 regulate MYB42‐mediated SOS pathway in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis

Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is recognized as a crucial eukaryotic regulatory mechanism that controls a range of cellular processes during both development and adaptation to environmental changes. In Arabidopsis, the E2 conjugated enzymes UBIQUITIN CARRIER PROTEINs (UBCs) -1 and -2 mediate ubiquitination of H2B. Here, we elucidated the functions of UBC1 and -2 in salt-stress responses and revealed their downstream target genes. Real-time quantitative PCR assays showed that UBC1 and -2 positively regulated the salt-induced expression of MYB42 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4 (MPK4). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that H2Bub1 was enriched weakly on the chromatin of MYB42 and MPK4 in the ubc1,2 mutant. We further determined that UBC1/2-mediated H2Bub1 enhanced the level of histone H3 tri-methylated on K4 (H3K4me3) in the chromatin of MYB42 and MPK4 under salt-stress conditions. MPK4 interacted with and phosphorylated MYB42. The MPK4-mediated MYB42 phosphorylation enhanced the MYB42 protein stability and transcriptional activity under salt-stress conditions. We further showed that MYB42 directly bound to the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 2 (SOS2) promoter and mediated the rapid induction of its expression after a salt treatment. Our results indicate that UBC1 and -2 positively regulate salt-stress responses by modulating MYB42-mediated SOS2 expression.
Characterization of Atmospheric Pollen Fragments during Springtime Thunderstorms

While falling rain washes pollen grains from the atmosphere, rain can also induce pollen rupturing into submicron pollen fragments. Compared to intact pollen, such fragments can penetrate deeper in...
Total Parenteral Nutrition During Pregnancy in a Patient Requiring Long-Term Nutrition Support

Background Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been used successfully in preventing intrauterine growth retardation, premature labor, and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with poor maternal nutrition. Parenteral nutrition support is provided in most instances for short intervals during pregnancy when oral intake is compromised, eg, hyperemesis gravidarum or during complications from comorbid conditions that develop or are exacerbated during pregnancy. Few reports describe continuous parenteral nutrition support from conception through labor and delivery. Objective To support successfully a 19-year-old woman on long-term TPN since age 8 years because of short bowel syndrome complicated by chronic pancreatitis. Methods Estimated energy requirements were based on indirect calorimetry and current recommendations for maternal weight gain for optimal fetal growth and development. A strategy was formulated to improve her low maternal weight during early pregnancy. Results The fetus grew normally throughout pregnancy. There were no significant metabolic or obstetric complications as a result of the parenteral support. Conclusions Patients on long-term TPN can conceive successfully and carry a pregnancy to term without any adverse outcome for the mother or the fetus. TPN feeding during pregnancy and recommendations for maternal weight gain are reviewed.
Quantum correlation entropy

We study quantum coarse-grained entropy and demonstrate that the gap in entropy between local and global coarse-grainings is a natural generalization of entanglement entropy to mixed states and multipartite systems. This ``quantum correlation entropy'' ${S}^{q}c$ is additive over independent systems, is invariant under local unitary operations, measures total nonclassical correlations (vanishing on states with strictly classical correlation), and reduces to the entanglement entropy for bipartite pure states. It quantifies how well a quantum system can be understood via local measurements and ties directly to nonequilibrium thermodynamics, including representing a lower bound on the quantum part of thermodynamic entropy production. We discuss two other measures of nonclassical correlation to which this entropy is equivalent and argue that together they provide a unique thermodynamically distinguished measure.