cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Illness Representations, Treatment Beliefs, Medication Adherence, and 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: A Prospective Correlational Study.

Background: An estimated 5.1 million Americans have chronic heart failure, yet despite advances in its treatment, there has been no improvement in hospital readmissions among aging adult patients with chronic heart failure. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among illness representations, treatment beliefs, medication adherence, and 30-day hospital readmission for heart failure exacerbation in aging adults with chronic heart failure. Method: Using a prospective, correlational design, 96 older adults with a primary or secondary diagnosis of heart failure discharged to home from a hospital in the Southeastern United States participated in telephone surveys and follow-up telephone calls. Data analysis included correlation and logistic regression analyses. Results: Participants were highly adherent to their medications. Individuals who did not believe their treatment was effective in controlling their HF were readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge for HF exacerbation; that is, treatment control was inversely related to 30-day hospital readmission. In post hoc analyses, personal control was inversely related to dichotomized medication adherence and necessity-concern differential was directly related to dichotomized medication adherence. The necessity-concern differential, or the belief that medication necessity outweighed the concerns they had about their medicines, was a significant predictor of medication adherence. Discussion: Nurses can use these study findings to help identify individuals who may be at risk of being nonadherent to their medications and hospital readmission. Recommendations for future research include replication with multiple sites, the addition of objective measures of medication adherence, investigation of both the cognitive and emotional pathways, and qualitative exploration of personal control in the context of medication adherence in HF.
Automated image analysis for tracking cargo transport in axons

The dynamics of cargo movement in axons encodes crucial information about the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the axonal transport process in neurons, a central problem in understanding many neurodegenerative diseases. Quantitative analysis of cargo dynamics in axons usually includes three steps: (1) acquiring time-lapse image series, (2) localizing individual cargos at each time step, and (3) constructing dynamic trajectories for kinetic analysis. Currently, the later two steps are usually carried out with substantial human intervention. This article presents a method of automatic image analysis aiming for constructing cargo trajectories with higher data processing throughput, better spatial resolution, and minimal human intervention. The method is based on novel applications of several algorithms including 2D kymograph construction, seed points detection, trajectory curve tracing, back-projection to extract spatial information, and position refining using a 2D Gaussian fitting. This method is sufficiently robust for usage on images with low signal-to-noise ratio, such as those from single molecule experiments. The method was experimentally validated by tracking the axonal transport of quantum dot and DiI fluorophore-labeled vesicles in dorsal root ganglia neurons.
Convex analysis treated by linear programming

The theme of this paper is the application of linear analysis to simplify and extend convex analysis. The central problem treated is the standard convex program — minimize a convex function subject to inequality constraints on other convex functions. The present approach uses the support planes of the constraint region to transform the convex program into an equivalent linear program. Then the duality theory of infinite linear programming shows how to construct a new dual program of bilinear type. When this dual program is transformed back into the convex function formulation it concerns the minimax of an unconstrained Lagrange function. This result is somewhat similar to the Kuhn—Tucker theorem. However, no constraint qualifications are needed and yet perfect duality maintains between the primal and dual programs.
The real-interest-differential model after 20 years

Abstract Two decades ago, Frankel reported empirical results favoring the Dornbusch overshooting model. Despite an important theoretical and empirical critique by Driskill and Sheffrin, Frankel's classic empirical results spawned a huge literature. We attempt to replicate the Frankel and the Driskill and Sheffrin results. We also offer an update and an extended critique of their work. While specialists in international finance generally accept that the initial promise of Frankel's real-interest-differential model has not been realized, we believe that many will be surprised nevertheless by our bleak findings.
Desaturation indices in liver, muscle, and bone of growing male and female mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid.

trans-10, cis-12-CLA (t10,c12-CLA) inhibits lipid deposition in adipose tissue of many species, but it also enhances lipid deposition in liver. We evaluated effects of dietary t10,c12-CLA content and gender on carcass composition, FA profile of selected tissues, and expression of FA synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD) mRNA in adipose tissue. Male and female (63 of each) CD-1 mice were assigned a diet containing 0.0, 0.15, or 0.30% t10,c12-CLA at 4 wk of age. Seven mice per dietary group within gender were sacrificed after 2,4 or 6 wk. The CLA isomer caused dose-dependent reductions in dry carcass weight and fat content, without altering protein content, but carcass fat and epididymal fat pad weights of males were reduced to a greater extent than carcass fat and inguinal fat pad weights of females. FAS and SCD mRNA in adipose tissue was more abundant in females than males, but expression in both genders decreased as the t10, c12-CLA content of the diet increased. Although the weight of gastrocnemius muscle was not influenced by diet, total FA content of the muscle of both genders decreased in response to dietary t10,c12-CLA content. Femur weight of male mice increased as the t10,c12-CLA content of the diet increased, but the weight increase was associated with a reduction in total FA content. The Δ9 desaturation indices for muscle and femur suggested a linear reduction in SCD activity, whereas Δ9 indices for liver indicated linear enhancement of SCD activity. Overall, results suggested that growing male mice were more susceptible than females to t10,c12-CLA inhibition of lipid deposition.
Naming Nature: The Clash Between Instinct and Science

Review of Naming Nature: The Clash Between Instinct and Science . Carol Kaesuk Yoon. 2009. W.W. Norton, New York. Pp. 344, index, bibliography, illustrations. $27.95 (cloth). ISBN 9780393‐061970.
RFID Tag Antenna-Based Sensing for Pervasive Surface Crack Detection

We introduce the concept of using an RFID tag's antenna to sense surface cracks. Our contribution is two fold. First, we present the design of an inductively coupled loop antenna that can be used as a crack detector. Second, we propose the development of a 2-D grid of tags to improve spatial coverage and discuss how it can be used to monitor typical crack patterns in civil infrastructure. We demonstrate that the technique works reliably over a read distance of 1 m and in different types of environments. Potential engineering extensions and future research directions are also discussed.
Mechanical Hardness Influenced by Magnetisation

IN a paper on “A Correlation between the Mechanical Hardness and the Magnetostrictive Effects of Ferromagnetic Substances”,1 attention was directed to the possibility of annealing or softening a steel rod by ‘working it’ magnetically.
Anorexia nervosa as a defense against anaclitic depression

This paper atempts a developmental understanding of the anaclitic depression which frequently underlies anorexia nervosa. Familial lapses in transactional boundaries are viewed as leading to a maternal overinvolvement or unavailability during the practicing subphase of the separation-in-dividuation process. The future anorectic is consequently arrested at a sensorimotor level of self and object representations with no ability to evoke a representation of the object in its absence. Such individuals remain vulnerable to separation experiences and the sense of depression, loss, and helplessness which accompany these experiences. Much anorectic symptomology can then be looked at as a defense against such experiences and the potential loss of self-other boundaries which accompany them.
SOPHISTICATED QUANTUM SEARCH WITHOUT ENTANGLEMENT

Grover's quantum search algorithm has recently been implemented without entanglement, by replacing multiple particles with a single particle having exponentially many states. We recall that all physical resources must be accounted for to quantify algorithm complexity, and that this scheme typically incurs exponential costs in some other resource(s). In particular, we demonstrate that a recent experimental realization requires exponentially increasing precision. There is, however, a quantum algorithm which searches a ``sophisticated'' database (not unlike a Web search engine) with a single query, but which we show does not require entanglement even for multiparticle implementations.
Global geno-proteomic analysis reveals cross-continental sequence conservation and druggable sites among influenza virus polymerases.

Abstract Influenza virus is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity associated with respiratory diseases. The high rate of mutation in the viral proteome provides it with the ability to survive in a variety of host species. This property helps it in maintaining and developing its pathogenicity, transmission and drug resistance. Alternate drug targets, particularly the internal proteins, can potentially be exploited for addressing the resistance issues. In the current analysis, the degree of conservation of influenza virus polymerases has been studied as one of the essential elements for establishing its candidature as a potential target of antiviral therapy. We analyzed more than 130,000 nucleotide and amino acid sequences by classifying them on the basis of continental presence of host organisms. Computational analyses including genetic polymorphism study, mutation pattern determination, molecular evolution and geophylogenetic analysis were performed to establish the high degree of conservation among the sequences. These studies lead to establishing the polymerases, in particular PB1, as highly conserved proteins. Moreover, we mapped the conservation percentage on the tertiary structures of proteins to identify the conserved, druggable sites. The research study, hence, revealed that the influenza virus polymerases are highly conserved (95–99%) proteins with a very slow mutation rate. Potential drug binding sites on various polymerases have also been reported. A scheme for drug target candidate development that can be employed to rapidly mutating proteins has been presented. Moreover, the research output can help in designing new therapeutic molecules against the identified targets.
Studies in X-Ray Production by Proton Bombardment of C, Mg, Al, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho

Thick-target yields, x-ray production, and ionization cross sections are presented for nine elements bombarded with protons of 15- to 1900-keV energy. The measurements are made by observing the x-ray emission (proportional-counter detection) when protons are stopped in thick samples of the target material. The x rays are produced in $K$, $L$, and $M$ shells: $\mathrm{C}(K)$, $\mathrm{Mg}(K)$, and $\mathrm{Al}(K)$ in the intervals 15-110 keV and 500-1900 keV; $\mathrm{Nd}(L)$, $\mathrm{Sm}(L)$, $\mathrm{Gd}(L)$, $\mathrm{Tb}(L)$, $\mathrm{Dy}(L)$, and $\mathrm{Ho}(L)$ in the interval 500-1700 keV; $\mathrm{Nd}(M)$, $\mathrm{Sm}(M)$, $\mathrm{Gd}(M)$, $\mathrm{Tb}(M)$, $\mathrm{Dy}(M)$, and $\mathrm{Ho}(M)$ in the intervals 25-100 keV and 500-1700 keV. Where available, previous results are included to complete the presentation for these elements. A study of carbon-contamination buildup is included as an appendix.
Improvement of a 4-mask Process Recipe

A fabrication process used by SJSU was altered in order to lower the threshold voltage, VT. This was done to allow the fabrication process to be used for analog integrated circuit design for future EE classes. Wafers fabricated from previous semesters using the same process recipe were measured to have about a 4-5 V threshold voltage on average. The Athena process simulator was used to observe VT for different times and temperatures of the substrate diffusion step of boron. After simulations, the times for substrate diffusion used to carry out the fabrication process were chosen to be 180, 240 (unchanged), and 300 minutes while the temperature remained unchanged. For the 180, 240, and 300 minute diffusion times, Athena measured VT to be 1.21, 1.16, and 1.12 V respectively. The fabrication process was then carried out for the three different diffusion times in SJSU's IC fabrication lab. Once fabrication was completed, the wafers were measured for their alignment, gate oxide thickness, transconductance, channel length modulation, body effect, effective length, and threshold voltage. From the fabricated wafers the average VT measured for each diffusion time was 3.54, 3.08, and 2.15 V for 180, 240, and 300 minute diffusion times, respectively. When extracting Vt, the oxide interface charge, Qi, may have been assumed to be too high for the simulations (5times1011 cm-3). These results show that the EE/MatE 129 recipe may need to use a dopant with a smaller boron concentration or the boron diffusion step before the growth of the field oxide may need to be removed in order to reduce the substrate concentration.
Fluoride content of foraminiferal calcite: Relations to life habitat, oxygen isotope composition, and minor element chemistry

Fluoride contents of planktonic foraminiferal calcite show a strong relation to the depth habitat of a given species. Shallow-water species such as Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinoides sacculifer have fluoride contents more than three times those of deeper dwelling species such as Globorotalia truncatulinoides and Globorotalia menardii . This correspondence between chemistry and life habitat is consistent from glacial to interglacial samples and from tropical to mid-latitude samples. Oxygen isotopic composition and minor element contents (Sr, Mg) all have a positive covariance with F content, suggesting that F content is controlled by temperature and/or growth rate. Species-specific vital effects may also have an influence on F content. These initial data suggest that habitat differences among species and possibly temperature variations within species may be determined by the F content of foraminiferal calcite in well-preserved materials. Fluoride contents of older Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal species may provide a useful test of assumed life habitats.
A non-metric sequence alignment program

An algorithm for nucleic acid and protein sequence alignment is presented. It is a non-metric local similarity minimal-difference algorithm and in the current implementation, assembles the matching regions found into a pseudo-global format. Its strengths are its speed of execution and the especially convenient presentation of its output. The algorithm is intended for use in sequence melding and local (small-region) similarity searching. It is not designed to replace a metric Needleman-Wunsch-Sellers-type similarity algorithm. The program is written in FORTRAN and is designed to be easily transportable to a variety of computer systems.
Recent advances in glycopolypeptide synthesis

Glycosylated peptides and proteins are ubiquitous in nature and display a wide range of biological functions including mediation of recognition events, protection from proteases, and lubrication in eyes and joints. Similarly, synthetic glycopolypeptides are also expected to show great potential as biomedical materials (e.g. scaffolds for tissue repair and drug carriers), as well as serve as valuable tools for probing carbohydrate–protein interactions. Although block copolypeptides and other complex polypeptide architectures have been known for some time, the synthesis of complex and well-defined glycopolypeptide materials, until recently, has been challenging. This article reviews the many advances and accomplishments made in the past few years toward development of strategies and methods for the preparation of synthetic glycopolypeptides via ring opening polymerization.
Diamond search: improving the user experience of buying loose diamonds online

Loose diamonds present several challenges to the e-commerce world:1. Each loose diamond is a one-of-a-kind occurrence in nature.2. Buying a loose diamond is frequently an intimidating, emotional, expensive, high-commitment event.3. Selecting the right stone is often a series of compromises over a series of interdependent parameter ranges. A customer may start with one or more relatively fixed parameter range, for example, price and/or carat weight, and he may be willing to compromise on other parameter ranges, for example color, cut, and/or clarity, in order to meet his goals.This case study examines the development and deployment of a dynamic, visual, usable, confidence-building, diamond search tool, and a user-centric, end-to-end online shopping experience for loose diamonds.
Cold-Sensitive Mutants of Bacteriophage φX174. II. Comparison of Two Cold-Sensitive Mutants

Abstract Cold-sensitive bacteriophage X174 mutants, another class of conditional lethals, were examined with regard to growth parameters, DNA synthesis, and particle properties. Two mutants, cs70 and cs82, were examined. Mutant cs70 was eclipse defective, showing altered eclipse kinetics at permissive temperature (40 C) and failing entirely to eclipse at restrictive temperature (25 C). Mutant cs70 replicated well at 25 C if allowed prior eclipse at 40 C. Mutant cs82 had wild-type eclipse at both temperatures but was defective in single-strand synthesis at 25 C, which led to delayed progeny phage appearance, decreased progeny phage synthesis rate, and greatly reduced burst size. The cs82 block could not be bypassed by temperature shift. Since complementation analysis of cs70 and cs82 was not feasible due to the unique properties of these mutants, those X174 properties affected by the virus coat were examined as an index of a mutation in a coat protein gene. Mutant cs70 had aberrant attachment kinetics at both 25 C and 40 C, evidence of a coat protein alteration. Mutant cs70 also exhibited significantly decreased thermal stability, further evidence of an altered virus structure. Mutant cs82 had increased thermal stability, but the difference was not sufficient to allow unequivocal assignment of this mutant to a coat protein gene. Both mutants had wild-type antiserum inactivation and host range, although cs70 was subject to less of (low-level) plating restriction by endogenous F+ factors.
Mutations of the neurofibromatosis type 2 gene and lack of the gene product in vestibular schwannomas

Schwannomas are common tumors of the nervous system and are frequently found in patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) 2. Although loss of heterozygosity in NF2 tumors suggests that the NF2 gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene, the NF2 gene shows amino acid sequence homology to structural proteins in one of which dominantly acting mutations have been described. We performed a mutational analysis in 30 vestibular schwannomas and examined the effect of mutations on the NF2 protein. We detected 18 mutations in 30 vestibular schwannomas of which seven contained loss or mutation of both NF2 alleles. Most mutations were predicted to result in a truncated protein. Mutational hot spots were not identified. Immunocytochemical studies using antibodies to the NF2 protein showed complete absence of staining in tumor Schwann cells, whereas staining was observed in normal vestibular nerve. These data indicate that loss of NF2 protein function is a necessary step in schwannoma pathogenesis and that the NF2 gene functions as a recessive tumor suppressor gene.
Crustal structure of the North Atlantic on the basis of large-airgun—sonobuoy data

Owing to improvement of the signal/noise ratio, large airgun arrays consisting of 2 to 4 × 466 in. 3 (7.64 l) guns fired at 12- to 18-s intervals provide more refracted arrivals from the upper crust than can be obtained with a small 25 in. 3 (.41 l) airgun. In particular, sonobuoy data obtained previously with small airguns indicated a 1.5-km-thick layer with a refraction velocity of 3.6 km/s overlying a major refractor with a velocity of about 5.1 km/s near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. However, large-airgun-sonobuoy results reveal intermediate velocities between the 3.6 and 5.1 km/s refractors and commonly achieve penetration down to the mantle. Large-airgun data have been used to contour acoustic basement refraction velocities in the North Atlantic; these show a clear increase of velocity with age. A contour map of mantle depths is shown for the North Atlantic; it is based on 100 measurements, more than half of which are from high-quality, two-ship refraction data (solutions that include layers 2 and 3). A comparison between mantle depths determined from sonobuoy and two-ship solutions shows that the two-ship solutions have three times the variation of sonobuoys from the same geographical region. Solutions are plotted as velocity-depth points to show variations in the entire crust as a function of age. As the crust ages, the uppermost basement velocity increases and total crustal rock thickness increases rather abruptly on Upper Jurassic crust. These effects combine to decrease the gross crustal velocity gradient (exclusive of water and sediment) from about 1.0 sec −1 near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to about 0.5 sec −1 near the continental margins.
OctMesh-interactive mesh browsing over the Internet

This paper proposes OctMesh, an interactive mesh browsing scheme over the Internet. In OctMesh, a large-scale mesh is encoded into one bit-stream, which is organized with respect to spatial locality and resolution. When the mesh is viewed over the Internet, by examining the user's viewpoint, the compressed mesh with desired locality and resolution is streamed to the client. OctMesh enables a large-scale mesh to be viewed quickly, over the Internet.
Latinos in Higher Education: An Evaluation of a University Faculty Mentoring Program

The purpose of this study was to understand the student-faculty mentoring process and how mentoring facilitates Latino students' adjustment to college. Thirty-two Latino students participating in a university Faculty Mentoring Program (FMP) were surveyed. The findings showed that (a) students experienced an increase in college self-efficacy and academic goal definition as a result of participating in the FMP; (b) students with same-ethnic mentors perceived them to be significantly more supportive in furthering their personal and career development and reported significantly greater program satisfaction than nonmatched students; and (c) frequency of student-mentor contact was positively correlated with students' adjustment to college, perceived mentor supportiveness, and program satisfaction.
Probing the machinery of intracellular trafficking with the atomic force microscope

Atomic force microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing single biological macromolecules, macromolecular assemblies, and whole cells in aqueous buffer, in real time, and at molecular-scale spatial and force resolution. Many of the central elements of intracellular transport are tens to hundreds of nanometers in size and highly dynamic. Thus, atomic force microscopy provides a valuable means of addressing questions of structure and mechanism in intracellular transport. We begin this review of recent efforts to apply atomic force microscopy to problems in intracellular transport by discussing the technical principles behind atomic force microscopy. We then turn to three specific areas in which atomic force microscopy has been applied to problems with direct implications for intracellular trafficking: cytoskeletal structure and dynamics, vesicular transport, and receptor-ligand interactions. In each case, we discuss studies which use both intact cellular elements and reconstituted models. While many technical challenges remain, these studies point to several areas where atomic force microscopy can be used to provide valuable insight into intracellular transport at exquisite spatial and energetic resolution.
Distribution of Covalently Bound and Non-Covalently Bound Secretory Component on Subclasses of Rabbit Secretory IgA

The distribution of non-covalently bound secretory component (SC) on the two subclasses, IgA-f and IgA-g of rabbit secretory IgA (sIgA) was determined; the two subclasses were separated from each other by the use of antibody-immunosorbent columns and were subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No SC appeared to be dissociated from the IgA-f molecules from each of 11 different rabbits; the IgA-g molecules, however, did have SC which was dissociated by SDS. Thus, all of the non-covalently bound SC on rabbit sIgA resides on the IgA-g subclass molecules.
THE ROLES OF FISHING AND CLIMATE IN THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF BOCACCIO ROCKFISH

Climate is an important force influencing the dynamics of populations and communities in many terrestrial, aquatic, and marine systems. The precipitous decline of stocks of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) since the mid-1970s has been attributed to a combination of a shift in the climate regime in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the winter of 1976-1977 (leading to lower productivity) and overfishing. We used a bocaccio recruit- ment time series (1959-1997) and indices of climate and ocean condition (e.g., sea surface temperature, Northern Oscillation Index, El Nifio-Southern Oscillation Index, and up- welling indices) to examine the relationship between bocaccio productivity (recruits per spawning output, R/S) and both interannual (e.g., ENSO) and interdecadal (regime shifts) scale variation in climate and ocean conditions. We did not detect an effect of the 1976 climate regime shift on bocaccio productivity. Mean log R/S and the frequency of "good" recruitment years (log R/S > 1 SD above the long-term mean) were the same before and after the 1976 regime shift. Good recruitment years occurred about 13% of the time in both regimes. At an interannual time scale, cooler ocean temperatures during the period spanning egg production to the end of the larval stage correlated with higher log R/S both before and after the regime shift. Prior to the 1976 shift, high log R/S values were more likely when upwelling was low during the settlement period, but there was no relationship after the regime shift. A matrix population model suggested that in the absence of fishing a "good" recruitment year needs to occur 15% of the time to achieve a nonnegative population growth rate of (X > 1.0), similar to the observed frequency of good recruitment events. Good recruitment years needed to occur >90% of the time under historic levels of fishing mortality to achieve a population growth rate -1.0. Taken together, these results suggest that the 1976 regime shift did not contribute to the decline in bocaccio stocks through processes affecting recruitment, and that the degree to which populations of bocaccio can withstand fishing depends on the frequency of climatic conditions that promote strong recruitment.
In vitro dermal absorption and metabolism of D&C red no. 17 in human and porcine skin

D&C red no. 17 is approved for use in externally applied drug and cosmetic applications, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice. Concerns about the safety of the color additive (1-[4-phenylazophenylazo]-2-napthol (PAN) is the primary color constituent) have been raised due to potential metabolic cleavage of PAN to yield 4-aminoazobenzene. (14)C-PAN was applied in a commercially available suntan vehicle containing D&C red no. 17 to viable porcine and non-viable (cadaver) human skin in flow-through diffusion cells. At the end of 24 h, unabsorbed material was removed from the skin and some cells were allowed to continue for an additional 48 h. In human skin, 0.07% and 0.17% of the applied dose were absorbed into the receptor fluid after 24 and 72 h, respectively. At the end of 24 h, 12.5% of the applied dose remained in the skin, which did not decrease at 72 h. When PAN was applied to viable porcine skin for 24 h, 0.3% of the applied dose was absorbed and 12.7% remained in the skin. Additional studies to simulate short-term exposure were completed with PAN applied to the skin for only 15 min, and absorption was determined for 24 and 72 h. These studies in human cadaver skin found 0.02% and 0.08% of the applied dose in the receptor fluid after 24 and 72 h, respectively. Viable porcine skin studies with the 15-min application resulted in receptor fluid values of 0.1% of the applied dose after 24 h. Lipophilic receptor fluids composed of the non-ionic surfactant Volpo 20 at wt% concentrations of 1%, 3%, or 6% in water did not increase partitioning of PAN from the skin into the receptor fluid. No metabolism of PAN was found in viable porcine skin when examined by HPLC. In conclusion, skin absorption of PAN from a commercially available suntan product was low.
From ‘more’ to ‘less’: Spanish, Palenquero (Afro-Colombian creole) and gender agreement

The present study examines gender agreement in the Spanish-lexified creole language Palenquero. Palenquero and Spanish share largely cognate lexicons while Palenquero morphosyntax is in many respects a proper subset of Spanish, e.g. lacking grammatical gender. Experimental data are presented for traditional speakers, heritage speakers and school-trained L2 Palenquero speakers. Traditional speakers produced no instances of gender agreement, ‘corrected’ many instances of gender agreement in repetition tasks, and rejected a high proportion of gender agreement in acceptability judgements. L2 Palenquero speakers frequently introduced gender agreement in naming tasks, ‘corrected’ many genderless Palenquero stimuli to Spanish-like feminine configurations, and accepted a large number of gender-agreeing items in judgement tasks. Heritage speakers patterned closer to L2 speakers than to L1 speakers in correcting fewer gender-agreeing stimuli and accepting more gender-agreeing stimuli in judgement tasks. These preli...
Sediment-Foraminiferal Relations within Inner Sublittoral Zone off Coast of Washington: ABSTRACT

Foraminiferal assemblages of the inner sublittoral zone (0-60 m) have been studied along the entire Pacific coast of the state of Washington and of northernmost Oregon. A substrate of fine sand having a mean diameter of 2.8-3.5 phi is prevalent, but relict gravel bars are seaward from the mouths of Grays Harbor and the Quinault River, and pockets of silt are present in the southern half of the area. Regardless of sediment grain size, concentrations of Foraminifera increase seaward from less than one per gram of sediment to 10-25 per gram of sediment, and the percentage of arenaceous tests in foraminiferal assemblages increases seaward from less than 10 percent to more than 50 percent, except near the mouths of the Columbia River and Grays Harbor where dominantly arenaceous assemblages occur nearshore. The dominant arenaceous species generally is Eggerella advena; the dominant nearshore calcareous species generally is Buliminella elegantissima, except adjacent to rocky coastlines where Elphidium spp. dominates. High relative frequencies of Trochammina charlottensis and Cribrostomoides jeffreysii are found only in the area of the gravel bars and high relative frequencies of Cibicides lobatulus and Glabratella ornatissima only in the area of nearshore rocky substrates. The general correspondence between occurrences of these species and a geographically restricted substrate is marked, but high relative frequencies of these species (probably representing displaced tests) may occur in sand or silt sediments near the gravel or rock exposures. End_of_Article - Last_Page 463------------
Envisioning Positions of Leadership: The Expectations of University Students in Virginia and Puerto Rico

Eighty-six university students in Virginia and 46 in Puerto Rico were asked to imagine themselves in a series of powerful roles, describe what they imagined, and rate each role's positivity and possibility. Among the Virginia students, women were more likely than men to anticipate relationship problems with powerful roles and to mention physical appearance. The Virginia women rated images of themselves in powerful roles more negatively than did the Puerto Rico women. Women in the two samples did not differ in their frequency of anticipating relationship problems with powerful roles, but they differed in the correlates of such anticipation. For the women in the Virginia sample only, anticipating relationship problems was associated with low self-rated possibility of achieving these roles. Whereas young women do envision ambitious leadership possibilities for themselves, they apparently struggle to accommodate these visions to the contradictory prescriptions for powerful women.
Release and retention of biomolecules in collagen deposited on orthopedic biomaterials.

Delivery of osteotropic biomolecules directly to the bone-implant interface can alter initial interactions between tissue and biomaterial. To this end, type I collagen coatings containing a model biomolecule, lysozyme, were deposited on Co-Cr-Mo and Ti-6A1-4V. Two deposition methods were examined. In the first, lysozyme was deposited concurrently with collagen, while in the second, protein was impregnated into previously deposited collagen coatings. The amount of collagen and the amount of lysozyme loaded into collagen were varied to provide different amounts of weakly and strongly bound protein. Release and retention of lysozyme were monitored over a 7 d period of incubation in physiological saline. For both methods, larger amounts of collagen in the coatings allowed incorporation of more lysozyme. Additionally, loading collagen coatings with greater amounts of lysozyme resulted in release of more protein. During the first 24-96 h of incubation, loosely bound protein was eluted, resulting in release of 2...
Hybrid Microgrid Model Based on Solar Photovoltaic Battery Fuel Cell System for Intermittent Load Applications

Microgrids are a subset of the modern power structure using distributed generation to supply power to communities rather than vast regions. The relatively smaller scale mitigates transmission loss with better control, greater security, increased reliability, and design flexibility. This study explores the modeled performance and cost viability of a hybrid grid-tied microgrid that utilizes the combination of solar photovoltaic (PV), batteries, and fuel cell (FC) systems. The proposed concept highlights that each community home is equipped with more solar PV than is required for normal operation. As the homes are part of a microgrid, excess or unused energy from one home is collected for use elsewhere within the microgrid footprint. The surplus power that would have been discarded becomes a community asset and is used to run intermittent services. The modeled community does not have parking adjacent to each home allowing for the installment of a privately owned slower Level 2 charger. This makes electric vehicle (EV) ownership untenable. Based on this study, an optimum configuration is recommended to provide a Level 3 dc quick charger for an intermittent service. The addition of batteries and FCs is meant to increase load leveling, improved reliability, and instill limited island capability.
Analog circuit layout with optimized performance

An approach for developing a component-level use of a layout compiler which results in a circuit layout along with a user-specified performance is described. The methodology is based on sensitivities of the circuit performance with respect to layout interconnect parasitics and recognition rules of various configurations and topologies. The parasitic effects, which are important from an analog layout point of view, are examined as the methods used to minimize them. >
God's Daughters: Evangelical Women and the Power of Submission

God's Daughters: Evangelical Women and the Power of Submission. R. MARIE GRIFFITH. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. xi. 275 pp., notes, bibliiography, index.
Phase-locking in wireline systems: Present and future

This paper describes the challenges in the design of phase-locked loops and clock and data recovery circuits as speeds approach 80-100 Gb/s. Skew and jitter issues are presented and the effect of reference phase noise, charge pump noise, reference spurs, and loop filter leakage is quantified. The phase noise performance of cascaded loops is analyzed and two new architectures are proposed.
Integration of organization and information systems modeling: an object-oriented approach

The authors present an object-oriented approach to integrating organization and information system modeling. Characteristics and applications of object-oriented systems are first reviewed to show the evolution of the application of an object-oriented approach from an implementation and programming level to conceptual modeling of organization and information systems. The need to integrate organization and information systems is then discussed. MetaPlex, a metasystem implemented in the Smalltalk language to support high-level object-oriented modeling is described in detail. Case studies defining critical success factors in MetaPlex and creating a structured electronic brainstorming system to support collaborative work are used to demonstrate the use of MetaPlex in integrating organization and information-system modeling at both individual and group levels. >
Observations on centrosymmetric and asymmetric scattering in barium titanate

Results of experiments on the dynamics of scattering in barium titanate are presented. Asymmetric scattering and centrosymmetric scattering are characterized as a function of incident-beam size, and photographs are presented showing the development of the beam as light is asymmetrically scattered. Results are compared with existing theories of photorefractive scattering and are found to be in agreement with a near-forward-scattering theory. We propose that scattering in barium titanate begins with photorefractive inhomogeneities within the crystal, and experimental support is presented.
Optical third-harmonic generation in alkali metal vapors

This paper considers third-harmonic generation in phase-matched mixtures of alkali metal vapors and inert gases. Calculations show that the combination of near-resonant nonlinear susceptibilities, the ability to phase match, and the relatively high UV transparency of these vapors should allow high conversion efficiency for picosecond laser pulses with a peak power of 108-109W. Calculations of the nonlinear susceptibility and of the ratio of xenon atoms to metal vapor atoms which is necessary to achieve phase matching are given for each of the alkalies as a function of incident laser wavelength. Processes that limit the allowable peak power density and energy density are discussed and guides for determining the metal vapor pressure, cell length, and beam area are given.
Abstract 933: Modeling acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapies in mouse models of lung cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Seventy percent of patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutant lung cancer respond to treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib or gefitinib. Despite this high response rate, patients almost inevitably develop resistance to these drugs on average within a year of starting drug treatment. Acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs is most commonly due to the emergence of a secondary mutation (T790M) in EGFR (in 50% of cases), amplification of the genes encoding the ERBB2 and MET receptor tyrosine kinases in 12 and 5% of cases, respectively, and phenotypic transformation of the adenocarcinomas to small cell lung cancer (5% of cases). Previously, in an effort to develop strategies to overcome T790M-mediated resistance, we generated tetracycline-inducible transgenic mice that express the EGFRL858R+T790M in the lung epithelium. Upon administration of doxycycline these mice develop lung adenocarcinomas that are resistant to TKIs. However, the combination of the irreversible TKI afatinib and the EGFR antibody cetuximab showed dramatic responses in these transgenic mice. These preclinical studies led to a clinical trial of these agents, which has showing a promising 30% response rate in patients with EGFR mutant tumors resistant to TKIs. However, tumors also acquire resistance to this drug combination and the mechanisms of resistance to afatinib+cetuximab are currently unknown. We set out to identify these mechanisms using xenograft and transgenic mouse models of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Transgenic mice with EGFRL858R+T790M-induced tumors were treated with afatinib+cetuximab using an intermittent dosing strategy that we had previously used to generate erlotinib-resistant tumors in mice with EGFRL858R and EGFRDEL-induced tumors. 75% of mice develop afatinib+cetuximab resistant tumors after three month-long rounds of treatment. The same treatment strategy applied to xenografts harboring subcutaneous tumors induced by EGFRDEL+T790M gave rise to resistant tumors in 20% of cases. Analysis of the afatinib+cetuximab resistant tumors performed to date has not revealed additional mutations in the EGFR transgene, the ERBB2 kinase domain or KRAS. Additional sequencing studies and examination of signaling pathway alterations in the resistant tumors are ongoing. Uncovering mechanisms of resistance to this drug combination will allow the development of strategies to treat tumors that acquire resistance to EGFR-directed therapies. Citation Format: Valentina Pirazzoli, Elisa de Stanchina, Jungfeng Xia, Zhongming Zhao, William Pao, Katerina A. Politi. Modeling acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapies in mouse models of lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 933. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-933
On the nature of electrical polarization of materials caused by cracks Application to ice electromagnetic emission

Abstract A general problem of electrical polarization of conducting non-piezoelectric materials (metals, semiconductors and ionics) with static and growing cracks is considered. As a main approach we used calculations of charge carrier motion under the action of inhomogeneous elastic stresses existing around crack tips, using the deformation potential approximation. It is shown that a crack can generate a potential difference across itself of up to 1 V. We analyse the distribution of electrical fields in the space around stable and moving cracks. Comparison with recent experimental results on ice shows the significance of the mechanism.
Revision ossicular reconstruction with the titanium Kurz prosthesis

Objective/Hypothesis: One European multicenter study has reported favorable outcomes after ossicular reconstruction with the titanium Kurz prosthesis. At the time of this study, however, no study has analyzed its outcomes when used for reconstruction after prior failure with another implant (revision reconstruction). The study reports our experience with the titanium Kurz prosthesis for revision ossicular reconstruction. Study Design: A retrospective review was made of all revision ossicular reconstructions at our institution from October 1998 to September 2001. Methods: Seventeen cases were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who underwent revision ossicular reconstruction with the Kurz prosthesis and patients who underwent revision ossicular reconstruction with another prosthesis (the other group). Audiograms were reviewed and air-bone gaps were calculated for each patient. Results: The average postoperative air-bone gap after Kurz revision was 15.6 dB, a statistically significant improvement over the average postoperative air-bone gap from the other revision group (P = .022). Conclusion: The titanium Kurz prosthesis has been an effective implant at our institution for revision ossicular reconstruction. Future research should focus on a prospective, randomized trial comparing the Kurz prosthesis with other prostheses currently in use.
Durability semantics for lock-based multithreaded programs

Non-volatile storage connected as memory (NVRAM) offers promising opportunities for simplifying and accelerating manipulation of persistent data. Load and store latency is potentially comparable to that of ordinary memory. The challenge is to ensure that the persisted data remains consistent if a failure occurs during execution, especially in a multithreaded programming environment. In this paper, we provide semantics for identifying a globally consistent state for a lock-based multithreaded program. We show how to conveniently ensure that programs are returned to such a globally consistent state after a crash. We discuss challenges and opportunities along the way, and explain why adding durability to transactional programs may be less expensive.
Treatment for Tuberculosis Infection With 3 Months of Isoniazid and Rifapentine in New York City Health Department Clinics

BACKGROUND Completion of treatment for tuberculosis infection (TBI) with 9 months of self-administered daily isoniazid (9H) has historically been low (<50%) among New York City (NYC) Health Department tuberculosis clinic patients. Treatment of TBI with 3 months of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) administered under directly observed therapy (DOT) might increase treatment acceptance and completion. METHODS The study population included patients diagnosed with TBI at 2 NYC Health Department tuberculosis clinics from January 2013 through November 2013. Treatment acceptance and completion with 3HP were compared with historical estimates. Treatment outcomes, side effects, and reasons for refusing 3HP were described. RESULTS Among 631 patients eligible for TBI treatment, 503 (80%) were offered 3HP; 302 (60%) accepted, 92 (18%) chose other treatment, and 109 (22%) refused treatment. The most common reason for refusing 3HP was the clinic-based DOT requirement. Forty (13%) patients treated with 3HP experienced side effects--9 were restarted on 3HP, 18 switched treatment regimens, and 13 discontinued. Although treatment acceptance did not differ from historical estimates (78% vs 79%, P = .75), treatment completion increased significantly (65% vs 34%, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of 3HP in 2 NYC Health Department tuberculosis clinics increased TBI treatment completion by 31 percentage points compared with historical estimates. More flexible DOT options may improve acceptance of 3HP. Wider use of 3HP may substantially improve TBI treatment completion in NYC and advance progress toward tuberculosis elimination.
The Unintended Consequences of the '91 Civil Rights Act

The emphasis on firing-based litigation has had subtle but important effects. In the debate over the legislation that would become the 1991 Civil Rights Act, supporters of the bill argued that it was necessary to open opportunities for women and minorities in industries that had traditionally been unwelcoming, while opponents criticized it as a "quota bill" and "lawyers' bonanza." Our research suggests that the opponents' quota-based hiring fears were unfounded, but the bill also appears not to have improved minority employment in traditionally exclusionary industries, and may have even reversed what to that point had been improving minority employment trends in those industries.